,,slav]y3 ,,lett]s ,,& ,,spee*es1 ,,by ,,horace ,,mann1 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,massa*usetts ,,bo>d ,,( ,,education4 ,,bo/on3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,b4 ,b4 ,,mussey ,,co4 #ahea4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahea1 by ,,horace ,,mann1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,massa*usetts4 ,,/]eotyp$ ,,at ,,! ,,bo/on ,,/]eotype ,,f\ndry4 ,,to ,,! ,,"y ,,m5 ,,( ,,massa*usetts ,,?is ,,volume ,,is ,,affectionately ,d$icat$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,?is "w comes f "o 9 ^: m9d pres5t ,memories are tak+ ! place ( e>ly ,hopes4 ,x is specially address$ to ^? 9 ^: m9ds future ,memories w soon take ! place ( pres5t ,hopes4 ,h5ce a fitt+ occasion pres5ts itself = ! /atem5t ( a few pr9ciples1 by ^: un]r+ guidance ! exult+ ,hopes ( ,y\? may always be trans=m$ into ! happy ,memories ( ,age4 ,! ,y\? ( all climes & times h a common attribute4 ,! desire ( happ9ess is a univ]sal desire4 ,god fixes ?is elem5t 9 ! core ( life4 ,f> back 9 our moral organization1 be=e human conduct c come 9 to control or modify1 ?is long+ = happ9ess1 ?is hope ( future welf>e1 is radicat$ 9 ! s\l2 s t x seems to h be5 ! fir/ attribute :i* 0 tak5 = ! con/itution ( our nature1 & ar\nd :i* ! o!r attributes 7 ga!r$1 r to h be5 add$ to ! re/ z a second>y or incid5t4 ,! desire ( "s =m ( happ9ess be+ secur$1 z a motive p[]1 x seems to h be5 left v mu* to ! option ( ea* individual to select 8 own objects ( enjoym5t1 :e!r noble or ignoble1 & to devise 8 own means = obta9+ !m1 :e!r righte\s or unrighte\s4 ,! emul\s & aspir+ y\? ( a ,free ,p w always f9d mu* ( _! private1 & mo/ ( _! public welf>e1 indissolubly connect$ ) ! in/itutions & laws ( _! c\ntry4 ,9 ^!1 !re=e1 _! int]e/ is bo? public & p]sonal2--x p]ta9s to ! citiz5 z well z to ! man4 ,all great moral que/ions1 ?\gh t\*+ !m b lightly at fir/1 w come clos] & clos] home1 z long z !y live2--gr[+ into great] importance = _! po/hum\s memory ?an = _! liv+ fame1 & affect+ ! =tunes ( _! po/]ity ev5 m ?an _! own4 ,?\gh all ,"y ,m5 are sub/antially alike 9 _! desire ( well be+1 yet1 9 reg>d to ! guid+ pr9ciples by :i* ! objects ( hope are pursu$1 9 ord] to obta9 happ9ess1 ?ree m>k$ di/9ctions1 or classes1 exi/ among !m4 #a4 ,!re are ^? :o adopt ) implicit & unque/ion+ fai? ! views ( _! p>5ts1 or ( ! circle1 or ca/e1 into :i* !y 7 ?r[n by ! accid5t ( bir?4 ,!y nev] v5ture to explore or w&] outside ( ! ideas & op9ions among :i* !y 7 born & br$4 ,= !m1 an h]$it>y b\nd>y encloses ?\ght1 belief1 hope4 ,:e!r ! op9ions amid :i* !y live are insul> 9 _! n>r[ness1 or cont95tal 9 _! bread?2 :e!r !y belong to ! e>?1 came up f ! d>k regions bel[1 or desc5d$ f ! realms ( purity above1 !y are tak5 into ! receptive s\l1 z unfl$g$ birds take :atev] food is (f]$ !m1 f fri5d or foe1 ) clos$ eye & op5$ m\?4 ,ev5 if practically "r1 !re=e1 !y are nev] rationally "r1 = !y h nev] disc]n$ betwe5 good & ill2 & all _! convictions1 :e!r true or untrue1 re/ ^u ! f\ndation ( bigotry alone4 #b4 ,! second class look eag]ly beyond family or ca/e4 ,!y anxi\sly inquire :at views1 :at dogmas1 are 9 ! asc5dant among m51--:at p>ty pr$om9ates or outvotes1 :at av[als or pr(essions w mo/ readily op5 av5ues to weal?1 propitiate p[]1 w9 patronage1 insure advancem5t4 ,f9d+ :]e ! prepond]ance ( =ces lies1 !y atta* !mselves to ! /rong]4 ,no matt] :e!r ! tide ebbs or fl[s1 !y drift ) ! curr5t4 ,if popul> views *ange1 !y *ange1 8l a wave driv5 ) ! w9d & toss$20 l a *ameleon1 *ang+ its color ) e contact4 ,"s ( ?is class1 m sagaci\s1 ?\gh n less false to pr9ciple1 ?an ! re/1 asc5d an em95ce1 :5ce !y c survey ! direction ( =ces1 m>k ! future po9t & p]iod ( _! union1 & !n !y /rike at once = ! spot :i!r ^? =ces are conv]g+ ,!y1 n less ?an _! fell[s1 w>p et]nal pr9ciples to suit ! vice ( ! h\r1 only x is an h\r some:at future1 in/ead ( ! pres5t "o4 #c4 ,b !re is a ?ird class ( ,"y ,m5 :o are true to ! sacr$ in/9cts ( virtue1 & dev\tly rev]5t ( duty4 ,!y seek1 n = ! "t-hall[$1 b = ! tru?-hall[$4 ,!y h le>nt t1 9 ! div9e classification1 !re are b two great objects 9 ! univ]se1--,god & ,mank9d4 ,^! are ! only exi/5ces recogniz$ 9 ^? two supreme laws1 :i*1 by div9e pr]ogative1 hold all o!r laws 9 _! embrace4 ,h5ce ! two result+ & all-compreh5d+ duties1--love to ,god & love to ,man4 ,! convictions & s5tim5ts :i* belong to ! ,bro!rhood ( ! "o1 /& ^u ! same basis ( au?ority z ^? :i* belong to ! ,fa!rhood ( ! o!r4 ,h5ce all o!r entities & possibilities1--opul5ce1 p[]1 fame1 g5ius1 ?+s pres5t1 or ?+s to come1--are1 & =ev] mu/ be1 second>y & subord9ate to ^! prim>y & ev]la/+ laws4 ,no names s l(ty1 no multitude s l>ge1 t !y c aboli% ^! tru?s1 or ab/ract "o jot or tittle f _! b9d+ =ce1 9 ?is life1 or 9 any life4 ,!y are cot]nal ) _! ,au?or2 un*angeable z ,he1 & moral life & moral dea? wait ^u _! aw>d4 ,:5 ! ,"y ,man ( ?is class looks )9 himself1 he f9ds ! con/itution ( 8 own moral nature to be su*1 t annihilation ) tru? is bett] ?an ! mo/ favor$ exi/5ce ) error4 ,& :5 he looks )\t himself1 he sees !re is a ,god en?ron$ above1 mighti] ?an e 8god ( ?is _w10 & t !re is a div9e law high] ?an any laws ( fallible m54 ,h5ce he kn[s t ,"r & ,tru? w assur$ly triumph1 & t all :o oppose !m w be scatt]$ z ! :irlw9d scatt]s ! *aff4 ,! patri>*s sold ,joseph into ,egypt2 yet ,god 0 ) him1 & rais$ him to honor1 & at la/ put ! lives ( 8 trea*]\s bre?r5 into 8 h&s4 ,:atev] may be ! peculi> madness ( ! h\r1 9 :atev] direction ! gauds ( weal? may beckon1 or ! prizes ( ambition call1 let ! ,"y ,man rememb]1 t only c be honorable :i* is j1 t only c be safe :i* is "r4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh ! p]fum$ breezes ( flatt]y may entice him on "o side1 & a /orm ( mal$ictions beat fi]cely aga9/ him on ! o!r1 let him consecrate himself to ,ju/ice & ,tru?1 & be inspir$ ) ! fai? t1 ?\gh ! e>? %\ld quake or ! heav5s fall1 an omnisci5t eye w ov]-wat*1 & an omnisci5t arm w protect him4 ,among ! wiles ( ! sorc]ess t beguile ! "y to _! ru9 !re is no m s$uctive1 yet fallaci\s temptation1 ?an ! value :i* seems to belong to ! pass+ h\r1 & to ! pleasures x may br+4 ,h[ inf9itely small a "p ( exi/5ce is ! pres5t day1 or ye>6 ,h[ insignificant its po9t comp>$ ) ! ages to come6 ,:at are its huzzas1 its o/5tation1 & its pride1 :5 plac$ 9 ! balance aga9/ ! et]nity ( rew>ds t cr[n allegiance to duty8 ,o1 h[ insane & fatu\s to b>t] ! undecay+ honors ( ! future = ! transitory joys ( ! pres5t6 ,9 ! future1 lies ! weal? ( e man2 ! pres5t is only an opportunity to make its title secure4 ,! temporiz] mu/ snat* f h\r to h\r at "s new exp$i5t1 :i*1 if he fails to seize1 he s9ks to p]dition4 ,! virtu\s man b9ds himself to a pr9ciple1 & so>s securely ?r\gh all worlds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no?+ /&s ^u a m adamant9e basis ( tru? ?an ! pr9ciples :i* decide betwe5 ,human ,fre$om & ,human ,slav]y4 ,^! et]nal pr9ciples happ5 n[1 9 a peculi> degree1 to be implicat$ 9 ! %ift+ & unc]ta9 curr5t ( politics2 & political /orms may seem = a "t to ov]:elm !m4 ,b ! cl\d :i* obscures ! sun does n annihilate x2 & ^! pr9ciples are sure to em]ge & %9e uncl\d$ 9 _! native spl5dor =ev]4 ,e act1 :e!r ( individuals or ( gov]nm5ts1 :e!r committ$ 9 pa/ days or 9 our day1 :i* compromises ! sacr$ pr9ciples ( ,human ,fre$om1 or po/pones its int]e/s to o!r int]e/s1 is set d[n1 9 ! cal5d> ( fate1 = ultimate & univ]sal execration4 ,?is is j z c]ta9 z x is t ! great crimes ( ! race committ$ 9 pa/ ages1--! p]secutions ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 ! tortures ( ! ,inquisition1 or ! atrocities ( ! ,african ,slave trade1--are n[ condemn$ by ! awful v]dict ( hi/ory & ! ev]-s\nd+ reprobation ( mank9d4 ,9 ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! advance ( civilization1 9 ! moral developm5t ( ! p1 a tribunal is n[ prep>+1 :i* w pron\nce s5t5ce ( condemnation aga9/ ! abett]s ( slav]y1 to be promulgat$ z f ,s9ai1 & pres]v$ 9 ! ar*ives ( et]nity4 ,! ,progress ( ! ,age be>s u on1 n only to a =w>d1 b to an upw>d po9t2 & :at we n[ say aga9/ ! apo/ates to duty & ! traitors ( mank9d1 9 pa/ ages1 h[ev] mu* !y may h be5 honor$1 c>ess$1 & rew>d$ 9 _! day1 w soon be said ( e "o among/ ourselves :o leads or jo9s ! b& ( conspirators aga9/ ! ,rights ( ,man4 ,e ,"y ,man1 h[ev] obscure or p[]less he may seem1 c d some?+ = ! cause ( fre$om4 ,:atev] disadvantages ! y\? may labor "u1 !y h "o all-comp5sat+ advantage4 ,a long] p]iod ( life is be=e !m1 & de$s :i* c only be accompli%$ ?r\gh ye>s ( labor1 !y c a*ieve4 ,b our success dep5ds inf9itely less ^u our /r5g? ?an ^u our motive4 ,:5 we supply ! virtu\s w1 ,god supplies ! p[]2 s t ! result corresponds1 n to our weakness1 b to 8 omnipot5ce4 ,we are ?us made able ----8to jo9 ,our p>tial movem5ts ) ! ma/] :eel ,( ! great _w1 & s]ve t sacr$ end1 ,:i* ,he1 ! un]r+ ,reason1 keeps 9 view40 ,^? ,"y ,m5 ( ,massa*usetts1 !n1 ( ! noble l9eage ( ! ,pilgrims1 :o h be5 nurs$ amid ! influ5ces ( sanctu>y & s*ool1 9 ^: bosoms is ! sacr$ depository ( future & b\ndless hopes1 b :o are n[ c\nsell$ to ab&on _! integrity1 :o are br\ght into p]il ( be+ corrupt$ by ! lures ( weal?1 or fasc9at$ by ! dazzl+ ( worldly honors1 or swept away by ! pressure ( ! multitude t d evil1 ,i adjure to /& fa/ & immovable on ^? sacr$ & et]nal pr9ciples ( ,human ,lib]ty :i* came d[n to u ?r\gh ! fires ( oppression & ! agony & blood ( m>tyrs1 b came f ,god2--pr9ciples t c nev] suff] ! decays ( "t1 :i* k+s nor s5ates ( k+s c ev] aboli%1 & :i*1 h[ev] mu* ! passions ( m5 may seek to ta9t or defile !m1 are ev] beautiful & fair1 z ! names ( all _! disciples %all h]eaft] be4 ,i call ^u ,"y ,m5 to ?r[ !mselves =w>d 9 imag9ation into middle life1 or old age1 & !re behold h[ ^! mighty que/ions w look 9 ! retrospect ( "t1 :5 ! brilliant robes :i* n[ gild ! tempt] are gone1 & only ! gha/ly fi5d rema9s2 :5 ! passion t prompt$ ! crime is dead1 & only ! remorse survives4 ,?9k n ( luxury1 or weal?1 or ignoble ease1 b only ( an h]oic conflict1 c>eless ( ! pres5t /r5g? ( ! foe4 ,take no bribe f ! h& ( p[]1 9 :atev] disguise ( beauty x may come1 b spurn x & its au?or alike4 ,let y\r future manhood realize ! g5]\s aspirations ( y\r y\?2 &1 amid ! s$uctions ( ! pres5t h\r1 prize only ! jubilant memories y c lay up = old age4 ,x may grieve y to break fri5d%ips1 b tru? & duty are y\r ne>e/ fri5ds4 ,x may be pa9ful to live among/ ^? :o upbraid & condemn y2 b be a c[>d :5 virtue is 9 p]il1 & y\r own accus+ consci5ce y mu/ live ) =ev]4 ,/udy ^? exempl>s ( excell5ce :o came purifi$ & respl5d5t out ( fi]y trials4 ,x is said ( ,francis ! ,fir/1 t :5 he read ! valor\s exploits ( ,ga/on de ,foix1 he wept te>s ( emulation4 ,rejoice1 !n1 ?\gh m>%all$ 9 ! =e front ( battle :5 ! ,rights ( ,humanity are 9 dang]1 & y %all rejoice aga9 & =ev] 9 _! triumph4 ,read & pond] :at 0 s nobly said by "o ( ! hea!n ( ! old _w1 & be a%am$1 yea1 weep = y\r c\ntry & y\r k9d1 if ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,am]ica has fall5 bel[ ! paganism ( ,rome4 ,s5eca says1-- 8,virtue covets dang]2 & :atev] may be h] aim1 %e nev] /ops to consid] h[ mu* %e may suff]1 s9ce h] suff]+s are a "p ( h] glory4 ,milit>y m5 glory 9 _! sc>s4 ,) exultation !y po9t u to _! blood fl[+ 9 an honorable cause4 ,?\gh !y :o return unh>m$ f ! field ( battle may h done z _m & z noble de$s1 yet x is ! w\nd$ soldi] :o receives d\ble honors4 ,god provides = ^? :om he w\ld make mo/ honorable1 by furni%+ !m ) opportunities = a*iev+ valiant & noble de$s4 ,h5ce he /rews difficulties along _! pa?4 ,x is 9 ! /orm y see :o is wor?y to be a pilot2 & 9 battle1 :o is ! soldi]4444 ,h[ c ,i "k ) :at con/ancy & endurance "o w be> up aga9/ reproa* & obloquy & popul> odium1 if he has gr[n old amid/ ! applauses ( ! _w1 if he has nev] enc\nt]$ mis=tune1 & has be5 foll[$ by ! indiscrim9at+ favor ( m58444 ,be n affright$1 ,i besee* y1 at ! dang]s :i* 7 int5d$ by ! immortal gods only z /imulants to ex]tion4 ,! season ( calamity is virtue's opportunity4 ,!y1 r1 are to be e/eem$ wret*$1 :o lie torpid 9 luxuri\s ease1 :om a sluggi% calm deta9s on ! great voyage1 l vessels t lie welt]+ on a sea )\t a gale4 ,:om ,god approves & loves1 he ex]cises1 & tries !m aga9 & aga91 & ?us inures !m to h>d%ip2 b ^? :om he designs to en]vate1 he sp>es & indulges & saves !m f imp5d+ ills4444 ,! brave/ ( ! army are !y :om ! comm&] selects = ! mo/ p]il\s s]vice4 ,! g5]al details 8 *oice/ m5 to s5d on secret exp$itions by night1 or to explore an unkn[n way1 or to dislodge a g>rison f _! entr5*m5ts4 ,no man *os5 = su* an ent]prise is ev] he>d to say1 #8,my comm&] has wrong$ & di%onor$ me1' b r1 #8,he has kn[n well :om to *oose4' ,su*1 too1 is ! language ( ^? :o are requir$ to suff] :at w\ld make ! timid & ! ignoble weep4 ,we /& honor$ 9 ! div9e reg>ds :5 ! great exp]im5t1 h[ mu* human nature c endure = a virtu\s cause1 is tri$ 9 ourselves4444 ,z tea*]s deal ) _! s*ol>s1 s ,god deals ) good m54 ,he dem&s mo/ ( ^? 9 :om he has mo/ confid5ce40 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,octob]1 #ahea4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,lett] ,,accept+ ,,! ,,nom9ation ,,= ,,! ,,?irtie? ,,congress1 #a ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,june #cj1 #ahdh1 #aj ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,op5+ ,,argum5t ,,9 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates vs4 ,,daniel ,,drayton1 #hd ,,lett] ,,accept+ ,,! ,,nom9ation ,,= ,,! ,,?irty-,,fir/ ,,congress1 #aai ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,feb4 #bc1 #ahdi1 #aba ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,feb4 #ae1 #ahej1 #ahj ,,two ,,lett]s ,,on ,,! ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,slav]y1 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,an ,,alleg$ ,,fugitive ,,slave ,,to ,a ,,trial ,,by ,,jury1 #bcf1 #bhb ,,lett]3 ,,! ,,ord9ance ,,( #aghg1 #bch ,,lett] ,,accept+ ,,! ,,nom9ation ,,= ,,! ,,?irty-,,second ,,congress1 #cdj ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,d$ham1 ,,nov4 #f1 #ahej1 #ceg ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,feb4 #bh1 #ahea1 #cij ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,lanca/]1 ,,may #ai1 #ahea1 #dgc ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,bo/on1 ,,april #h1 #ahea1 #ebc ,,spee*1 ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,worce/]1 ,,sept4 #af1 #ahea1 #ecf ,,lett] ,,accept+ ,,! ,,nom9ation ,,= ,,! ,,?irtie? ,,congress1 ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,:ig ,,conv5tion ,,( ,,di/rict ,,no4 #h1 ,,m>*1 #ahdh4 ,,g5tlem52 ,y\r communication ( ! #af? in/41 be+ direct$ to ,newton1 7in/ead ( ,we/ ,newton1 :]e ,i reside17 did n rea* me until ?is morn+4 ,i ?ank y cordially = ! k9d expressions ( p]sonal reg>d ) :i* y h be5 pleas$ to accompany x4 ,y in=m me t at a conv5tion ( delegates assembl$ 9 ,d$ham1 on ,w$nesday1 ! #ae? in/41 ,i 0 nom9at$ z a c&idate to fill ! vacancy 9 ,congress occasion$ by ! dea? ( ! great & good man ^: irrep>able loss we1 8 con/itu5ts1 ) a nation = our fell[-m\rn]s1 deplore4 ,at fir/ ?\ght1 ! idea ( be+ ! imm$iate successor ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 9 ! c\ncils ( ! nation might well cause any man to %r9k back f ! inevitable contra/4 ,b x is obvi\s1 on a mom5t's reflection1 t ! diff]5ce is s trivial betwe5 all ! m5 :om he has left1 comp>$ ) ! disp>ity betwe5 !m & him1 z to r5d] x ( little consequ5ce1 9 ?is respect1 :o %all succe$ him2 & ! p 9 ! ,eigh? ,di/rict1 9 _! desc5t f ,mr4 ,adams to any successor1 mu/ break & be> ! %ock ( ! fall1 z be/ !y c4 ,i mo/ he>tily concur ) y 9 t e/imate ( ! s]vices1 & v5]ation = ! "*1 ( our late repres5tative1 :i* y\r resolutions s eloqu5tly express4 ,to be fir$ by 8 example1 to imitate 8 dilig5ce & fidelity 9 ! dis*>ge ( e tru/1 to emulate 8 moral intrepidity1 :i* always pref]r$ to /& alone by ! "r1 r ?an to jo9 ! ret9ue & receive ! plaudits ( millions1 z a *ampion ( ! wrong1--?is w\ld be1 9 ! beautiful language ( ! ,roman hi/orian1 8to asc5d to glory by ! pa? ( virtue40 ,"o ( ! resolutions adopt$ by y\r conv5tion decl>es ! ?ree foll[+ ?+s3-- #a4 ,t ! successor ( ,mr4 ,adams1 on ! floor ( ,congress1 %\ld be a man 8^: pr9ciples %all be 9 consonance ) ^? ( 8 pr$ecessor40 #b4 ,t 8 fidelity to ! great pr9ciples ( human fre$om %all be unwav]+4 ,&1-- #c4 ,t 8 8voice & vote %all on all occasions be ex]cis$ 9 ext5d+ & secur+ lib]ty to ! human race40 ,p]mit me to reffirm ^! s5tim5ts ) my :ole he>t4 ,%\ld ! responsibilities ( t successor%ip ev] be devolv$ ^u me1 ,i %all endeavor s to fulfil !m1 t ^! dead words %\ld become a liv+ s\l4 ,i %\ld deem x n only an object ( duty1 b ( ! highe/ ambition1 to cont5d = ! noble pr9ciples y h "h express$1 z ,mr4 ,adams cont5d$ = !m2 ?\gh1 unhappily1 x w\ld be only z a ,david 9 ,saul's armor4 ,be> ) me = a mom5t :ile ,i enl>ge ^u ^! s5tim5ts4 #a4 8,9 consonance ) 8 pr9ciples40--,i believe x 0 ! sov]eign rule ( ,mr4 ,adams's life to act 9 ob$i5ce to 8 convictions ( duty4 ,tru? 0 8 guide4 ,8 consci5ce 0 non-ela/ic4 ,he did n /ra9 at a gnat be=e company1 on acc\nt ( its size1 & !n1 privately1 swall[ a camel4 ,8 patriotism 0 coxt5sive ) 8 c\ntry2 x c\ld n be cru%$ & squeez$ 9 betwe5 p>ty l9es4 ,?\gh liable to err1--& :at human be+ is n8--yet 8 pr9ciples 7 believ$ by him to be 9 accordance ) ! great moral laws ( ! univ]se4 ,!y 7 ?\ght out f duty & religion1 & n c>v$ out ( exp$i5cy4 ,:5 inve/$ ) patronage1 he nev] dismiss$ a man f (fice because he 0 a political oppon5t1 & nev] appo9t$ "o to (fice m]ely because he 0 a political fri5d4 ,h5ce he drew f ,mr4 ,holmes1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ?is noble eulogium1--a eulogium1 consid]+ ! "p ( ! c\ntry f :i* x came1 z honorable to its au?or z to its object1--t 8he cru%$ no he>t b5ea? ! rude grasp ( proscription2 he left no h]itage ( wid[s' cries or orphans' te>s40 ,c\ld all ! honors :i* ,mr4 ,adams ev] won f (fices held "u ! fir/ five ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f a public s]vice1 :i*1 comm5c+ m ?an fifty ye>s ago1 cont9u$ to ! day ( 8 dea?1 be conc5trat$ 9 "o effulg5t blaze1 !y w\ld be less f>-%9+ & inext+ui%able ?an ! honor ( sacrific+ 8 election = a second presid5tial t]m1 because he w\ld n1 9 ord] to obta9 x1 pro/itute ! patronage & p[] :i* ! con/itution _h plac$ 9 8 h&s4 ,i reg>d ?is z ! sublime/ spectacle 9 8 long & v>i$ c>e]4 ,he /ood )9 rea* ( an object ( ambition d\btless de>] to him ?an life4 ,he c\ld h laid 8 h&s ^u x4 ,! 8/ill1 small voice0 said1 ,no6 ,)\t a murmur1 he saw x tak5 & borne away 9 triumph by ano!r4 ,comp>$ ) ?is1 ! block ( _m a m>tyr has be5 an easy re/+-place4 #b4 8,unwav]+ fidelity to ! great pr9ciples ( human fre$om40--,! ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce1 9 #aggf1 0 ! fir/ complete ass]tion ( human rights1 on an ext5sive scale1 ev] made by mank9d4 ,less ?an ?ree qu>t]s ( a c5tury h elaps$1 & already ! greate/ portion ( ! civiliz$ _w has felt ! influ5ce ( t ,decl>ation4 ,france1 = ye>s1 has _h a con/itutional mon>*y2 p]haps1 to-day1 h] gov]nm5t is republican4 ,holl& & ,belgium are comp>atively free4 ,almo/ all ! /ates ( ! ,g]manic ,conf$]ation h a writt5 con/itution1 & a legislature ) a popul> bran*4 ,prussia has lately comm5c$ a repres5tative sy/em4 ,! iron rule ( ,au/ria is relax$ "u ! f]v5t heat :i* lib]ty reflects f surr\nd+ nations4 ,naples & ,sicily h j bur/ ! bonds ( tyranny4 ,9 ,rome & ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*1 :]e1 "u ! influ5ce ( religi\s & political despotism1 ! he>t ( ,fre$om 0 suppos$ to be petrifi$ into insoluble h>dness1 t he>t is n[ beg9n+ to pulsate ) a new life1 & to ?rob ) sympa?y = humanity4 ,great ,brita9 & ,d5m>k h emancipat$ _! slaves 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,measures are n[ 9 progress to ameliorate ! condition ( ,russian s]fs4 ,ev5 half-b>b>\s1 ,mahometan ,tunis has yield$ to ! tide ( free pr9ciples4 ,to :at b> ( judgm5t w our own po/]ity br+ u1 :at doom ( infamy w hi/ory pron\nce ^u u1 if ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h]eaft] be f\nd ! only portion ( ,*ri/5dom :]e ! pr9ciples ( our own ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce are violat$ 9 ! p]sons ( millions ( our p8 #c4 8,! ex]cise1 on all occasions1 ( voice & vote1 9 ext5d+ & secur+ lib]ty to ! human race40--,!re is a crisis 9 our affairs4 ,a t]ritory1 9 ext5t f> exce$+ t ( ! ?irte5 orig9al /ates1 :5 !y repell$ ! p[] ( ,great ,brita91 has lately be5 add$1 or is1 d\btless1 ab\t to be add$1 to our national doma94 ,! expanse ( ?is t]ritory is s va/1 t x may be divid$ into a doz5 sections1 & ^! sections may be erect$ into sep>ate /ates1 ea* "o ( :i* %all be s l>ge t ,massa*usetts w\ld seem b an inconsid]able c\rt-y>d1 if plac$ 9 front ( x4 ,p>ts ( ?is t]ritory are f]tile & salubri\s4 ,x is capable ( support+ millions & millions ( human be+s1 ( ! same g5]ation4 ,! numb]s ( ! successive g5]ations1 :i* 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god are to inhabit x1 w be z ! leaves ( ! =e/1 or ! s&s on ! sea-%ore4 ,ea* "o ( ^! is to be a liv+ s\l1 ) its joys & sorr[s1 its hopes & fe>s1 its susceptibilities ( exaltation or ( abasem5t4 ,ea* "o w be capable ( be+ =m$ into ! image ( ,god1 or ( be+ de=m$ into ! image ( all t is anti-godlike4 ,^! c\ntless millions are to be our k9dr$2 _m ( !m1 p]haps1 our own desc5dants2 at any rate1 our bre?r5 ( ! human family2 = has n ,god 8made ( "o blood all nations ( m5 to dwell ^u all ! face ( ! e>?08 ,9 rights1 9 "*1 9 happ9ess2 9 fre$om or 9 vassalage2 9 ! glori\s immunities & pr]ogatives ( k1 or 9 ! debasem5t & sup]/itions ( ignorance2 9 _! upw>d-look+ aspiration & love ( moral excell5ce1 or 9 _! d[nw>d-look+1 prone-ru%+1 & bruti% appetites & passions1 :at %all ^! millions ( our fell[-creatures be8 ,i put x z a practical "q1 ,:at %all ^! millions ( our fell[-creatures be8--= x is m ?an probable t ?is v g5]ation1--nay1 t ! actors 9 public affairs1 be=e ! s&s ( ! pres5t ye> %all h run out1--w prescribe & =erda9 _! doom4 ,t doom w be :at our pres5t conduct pr$e/9es4 ,if we enact laws & e/abli% in/itutions1 "u ^: b5ign influ5ces t va/ tract ( t]ritory %all at l5g? teem ) myriads ( human be+s1 ea* "o a free-born man2 ea* "o enjoy+ ! inali5able "r ( 8life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess20 ea* "o free = ! cultivation ( 8 capacities1 & free 9 ! *oice & 9 ! rew>ds ( 8 labor2--if we d ?is1 al?\gh ! gr& results may n manife/ !mselves = a ?\s& ye>s1 yet :5 ! fulness ( "t %all come1 ! equity & ! honor ( fram+ ^! laws & in/itutions w belong to u1 z mu* z ?\gh ! glori\s consummation c\ld be realiz$ to-morr[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we s %ape ! m\ld 9 :i* _! =tunes are to be ca/1 t1 = !m or = any portion ( !m1 !re %all be s]vitude in/ead ( lib]ty1 ignorance in/ead ( education1 debasem5t in/ead ( dignity1 ! indulg5ce ( be/ial appetites in/ead ( ! sanctities & securities ( dome/ic life1--!n1 until ! m\nta9s %all crumble away by age1 until ! ar*es ( ! skies %all fall 9 rott5ness1 ^! m\nta9s & ^! ar*es w nev] cease to e*o back ! execrations ^u our memory ( all ! great & good m5 ( ! _w4 ,& ?is retribution1 ,i believe1 w come sudd5ly1 z well z la/ =ev]4 ,9 "o ( ! ,s\?-we/]n ,/ates a va/ subt]ranean cave has be5 discov]$1 deep d[n 9 ^: *amb]s !re is a pool ( wat]1 on :i* no beam ( sunlight ev] %9es4 ,a sightless fi% is said to inhabit ?is rayless pool4 ,9 ?is animal1 inde$1 ! rudim5ts ( a visual organ are suppos$ to be dimly disc]nible2 b ( an orb to refract ! rays ( light1 or ( a ret9a to receive !m1 !re is no trace4 ,naturali/s suppose t ! prog5itors ( ^! animals1 9 ages long gone by1 possess$ ! p[] ( vision2 b t1 be+ buri$ 9 ^! dep?s by "s convulsion ( nature1 long disuse at fir/ impair$1 at l5g? ext+ui%$1 & has at la/ oblit]at$ ! visual organ itself4 ,! animal has sunk 9 ! scale ( be+1 until its s5ses are accommodat$ to ! blackness ( d>kness 9 :i* x dwells4 ,7 ?is acc\nt :olly fabul\s1 x has ! /ronge/ v]isimilitude1 & d\btless describes :at w\ld actually occur "u ! circum/ances suppos$4 ,?us w x be ) faculties above ! surface ( ! e>?1 z well z bel[ x4 ,?us w x be ) human be+s1 z well z ) ! l[] ord]s ( creation4 ,?us w x be ) our own bre?r5 or *ildr51 %\ld we %ut up f !m ! book ( k1 or seal _! s5ses s t !y c\ld n read x4 ,?us w x be ) all our ,god-giv5 faculties1 j s f> z !y are deb>r$ f legitimate ex]cise ^u _! appropriate objects4 ,! love ( k w die out1 :5 x ceases to be /imulat$ by ! means ( k4 ,self-respect w die out1 "u ! ev]-pres5t s5se ( inf]iority4 ,! s5tim5ts ( tru? & duty w die out1 :5 cunn+ & falsehood c obta9 m gratifications ?an frankness & hone/y4 ,! noble/ impulses ( ! human s\l1 ! mo/ sacr$ affections ( ! human he>t1 w die out1 :5 e sph]e is clos$ aga9/ _! ex]cise4 ,:5 su* a dreadful "w is do+1 or ?reat5s to be done1 c any "o /& li/lessly by1 see x p]petrat$1 & !n expect to excuse himself1 "u ! false1 impi\s pretext ( ,ca91 8,am ,i my bro!r's keep]80 ,fully1 !n1 d ,i agree ) y & ! delegates ( ! conv5tion y repres5t1 9 say+ t ! successor ( ,mr4 ,adams %\ld be "o 8^: voice & vote %all1 on all occasions1 be ex]cis$ 9 ext5d+ & secur+ lib]ty to ! human race40 ,( c\rse ,i d n und]/& y to imply any violation ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* e repres5tative swe>s to support4 ,p]mit me to say a ^w p]sonal to myself4 ,= elev5 ye>s1 ,i h be5 e/rang$ f all political excitem5ts4 ,dur+ ?is :ole p]iod1 ,i h att5d$ no political meet+ ( any k9d :atev]4 ,i h cont5t$ myself ) ! "r ( private judgm5t & ! "r ( vot+1 ?\gh x has usually s happ5$ t my (ficial duties h dem&$ my abs5ce f home at ! "t ( ! fall elections4 ,i h deem$ ?is ab/95ce f actively m+l+ 9 political conte/s bo? a matt] ( duty t[>ds oppos+ political p>ties1 & a prop] means ( subs]v+ ! be/ int]e/s ( ! cause 9 :i* ,i _h emb>k$4 ,i hop$ too1 by s do+1 to assi/ 9 re>+ m5 ev5 bett] ?an ^? n[ belong+ to any p>ty4 ,! nature ( my duties also1 & all my int]c\rse & associations1 h attract$ me t[>ds :atev] is wor?y & b5efic5t 9 all p>ties1 r ?an t[>ds :at is peculi> to any "o4 ,n believ+ 9 political pl$ges1 ,i %\ld h _h ! honor to decl9e giv+ any to y1 _h y n _h ! fir/ & great] honor ( ask+ none f me4 ,aft] :at ,i h said above 9 favor ( lib]ty = all mank9d1 x w\ld be a /range contradiction did ,i cons5t to be myself a slave ( p>ty4 ,! h&s :i* y rais$ 9 behalf ( y\rselves & y\r con/itu5ts1 :5 y vot$ = ! noble s5tim5ts conta9$ 9 ! resolution ,i h quot$1 c\ld nev] degrade !mselves by =g+ a fett] = ! free m9d ( ano!r1 or fa/5+ "o ^u x2 & ! h& ) :i* ,i h p5n$ my he>ty response to ^? s5tim5ts c nev] /ret* itself out to take a fett] on4 ,%\ld y\r nom9ation1 !re=e1 be accept$ & be successful1 x mu/ be ) ! explicit und]/&+ betwe5 u t ,i %all always be op5 to receive ! advice ( my con/itu5ts1 %all always welcome _! c\nsel1 always be mo/ grateful = _! sugge/ions1 b t1 9 ! la/ resort1 my own s5se ( duty mu/ be ! only arbit]4 ,%\ld diff]5ces arise1 ! law op5s an honorable escape = bo? p>ties1--decl9ation on my "p1 sub/itution on y\rs4 ,i mu/ add1 9 clos+1 t s f> z p]sonal pref]5ces are conc]n$1 ,i inf9itely pref] rema9+ 9 my pres5t position1 ) all its labor & its ?anklessness1 to any (fice 9 ! gift ( ! p4 ,i _h hop$ & int5d$1 ei!r 9 a public or private capacity1 to sp5d my life 9 advanc+ ! great cause ( ! p's education4 ,two consid]ations alone c\ld tempt me to ab&on ?is purpose4 ,! fir/ is important4 ,! enactm5t ( laws :i* %all cov] wa/e t]ritory1 to be appli$ to ! myriads ( human be+s :o are h]eaft] to occupy t t]ritory1 is a "w :i* seems to prec$e & outrank ev5 education itself4 ,:e!r a wide expanse ( c\ntry %all be fill$ ) be+s to :om education is p]mitt$1 or ) ^? to :om x is d5i$1--) ^? :om humanity & ! law make x a duty to tea*1 or ) ^? :om inhumanity & ! law make x a legal duty n to tea*1 seems prelim9>y to all que/ions respect+ ! be/ sy/ems & me?ods = r5d]+ education effective4 ,! o!r consid]ation is comp>atively unimportant2 ?\gh1 = ! "t be+1 x has emb>rass$ me greatly4 ,i n[ le>n t expectations 7 excit$ at y\r conv5tion1 t if a nom9ation 7 t5d]$ me1 x w\ld n be decl9$4 ,_h ,i anticipat$ ! favorable reg>ds ( ! conv5tion1 or =ese5 t su* expectations w\ld be rais$1 ,i %\ld n h he>k5$ to ! proposition = a mom5t2 & ,i may be p]mitt$ to add1 t :5 ,i saw my "n ann\nc$ 9 ! pap]s1 my fir/ act 0 to prep>e a lett] ( decl9ation4 ,x 0 only :5 ,i w5t to deliv] ! lett] t ,i le>nt :at _h be5 done1 & t1 9 ! op9ion ( p]sons ^: judgm5t ,i am b\nd to respect1 ,i _h be5 s f> committ$ by my too p>tial fri5ds1 z t no option rema9$4 ,yield+ to ^! consid]ations1 ,i submit myself to ! decision ( my fell[-citiz5s4 ,) s5tim5ts ( high p]sonal reg>d1 ,i am1 g5tlem51 ,y\r fri5d & s]vant1 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,hon4 ,,?omas ,,fr5*1 ,presid5t2 ,,samuel ,c4 ,,mann1 ,,john ,k4 ,,corbett1 ,,edw>d ,,crehore1 ,esqs41 ,secret>ies4 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,m>* #ba1 #ahdh4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,june #cj1 #ahdh1 ,,on ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,congress ,,to ,,legislate ,,= ,,! ,,t]ritories ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,& ,,its ,,duty ,,to ,,exclude ,,slav]y ,,!refrom4 ,,mr4 ,,*airman2 ,i h li/5$ ) int]e/1 bo? ye/]day & to-day1 to spee*es on :at is call$ ! 8,presid5tial ,"q40 ,i propose to discuss a "q ( f> great] magnitude1--! "q ( ! age1--"o ^: consequ5ces w n end ) ! ensu+ f\r ye>s1 b w rea* =w>d to ! sett+ ( ! sun ( "t4 ,sir1 our position is ?is3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates f9ds itself ! own] ( a va/ region ( c\ntry at ! we/1 n[ almo/ vacant ( inhabitants4 ,p>ts ( ?is region are salubri\s & f]tile4 ,we h reason to suppose1 t1 9 addition to ! treasures ( weal? :i* indu/ry may ga!r f its surface1 !re are m9]al treasures b5ea? x1--ri*es g>n]$ up ( old 9 subt]ranean *amb]s1 & only await+ ! application ( intellig5ce & skill to be conv]t$ into ! means ( human improvem5t & happ9ess4 ,^! regions1 x is true1 lie remote f our place ( resid5ce4 ,_! %ores are wa%$ by ano!r sea1 & x is no figure ( spee* to say t ano!r sky b5ds ov] !m4 ,s remote are !y1 t _! h\rs are n z our h\rs1 nor _! day z our day2 & yet1 su* are ! wond]ful improvem5ts 9 art1 9 mod]n times1 z to make x no ra% anticipation1 t1 be=e ?is c5tury %all h clos$1 ! inhabitants on ! ,atlantic %ores w be able to visit _! bre?r5 on ! ,pacific 9 t5 days2 & t intellig5ce w be transmitt$ & return$ betwe5 ! ea/]n & ! we/]n oceans 9 t5 m9utes4 ,t c\ntry1 !re=e1 w be rapidly fill$1 & we %all be br\ght into intimate relations ) x1 &1 not)/&+ its di/ance1 into proximity to x4 ,n[1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 x has fall5 to our lot to legislate = ?is unoccupi$1 or b p>tially occupi$1 expanse4 ,its great future hangs ^u our decision4 ,n only degrees ( latitude & longitude1 b va/ tracts ( "t1--ages & c5turies1--seem at our disposal4 ,z are ! in/itutions :i* we =m & e/abli% !re1 s w be ! m5 :om ^! in/itutions1 9 _! turn1 w =m4 ,nature works by fix$ laws2 b we c br+ ?is or t comb9ation ( circum/ances "u ! op]ation ( h] laws1 & ?us det]m9e results4 ,"h spr+s up our responsibility4 ,"o class ( in/itutions w ga!r !re "o class ( m51 :o w develop "o set ( *>act]i/ics2 ano!r class ( in/itutions w ga!r !re ano!r class ( m51 :o w develop o!r *>act]i/ics4 ,h5ce _! futurity is to dep5d ^u our pres5t action4 ,h5ce ! acts we are to p]=m seem to p>take ( ! nature ( creation1 r ?an ( legislation4 ,/&+ ^u ! elevation :i* we n[ occupy1 & look+ ov] into t empty _w1 8yet void10 if n 8)\t =m10 b soon to be fill$ ) multitud9\s life1 & reflect+ ^u our p[] to give =m & "* to t life1 & almo/ to =erda9 :at x %all be1 ,i feel z ?\gh x w\ld be no irrev]5ce to comp>e our condition to t ( ! ,creator be=e he fa%ion$ ! 8"l0 ( ?is l[] _w2 = we1 l ,him1 c +raft "o set ( attributes1 or ano!r set ( attributes1 ^u a :ole race ( m54 ,9 approa*+ ?is subject1 !re=e1 ,i feel a s5se ( responsibility correspond+ to ! inf9ite1--,i speak lit]ally1--! inf9ite int]e/s :i* x embraces4 ,z f> z ! "t all[$ me w p]mit1 ,i propose to discuss two que/ions4 ,! fir/ is1 8,:e!r ,congress c lawfully legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories40 ,on ?is "q a new & mo/ extraord9>y doctr9e has lately be5 broa*$4 ,a new read+ ( ! con/itution has be5 discov]$4 ,x is av]r$ t ! #c;d section ( ! #d? article1 giv+ ,congress p[] 8to dispose (1 & make all ne$ful rules & regulations respect+ ! t]ritory or o!r prop]ty belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 only gives p[] to legislate = ! l& z l&4 ,x is admitt$ t ,congress may legislate = ! l& z l&1--geologically or botanically consid]$1--p]haps = ! bea/s t roam ^u its surface1 or ! fi%es t swim 9 its wat]s2 b x is d5i$ t ,congress possesses any p[] to det]m9e ! laws & ! in/itutions ( ^? :o %all inhabit t 8l&40 ,b comp>e ?is ) any o!r object ( pur*ase or possession4 ,:5 ,texas 0 admitt$ into ! ,union1 x transf]r$ its 8navy0 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 9 o!r words1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates b\ght1 & ( c\rse own$1 ! navy ( ,texas4 ,:at p[] _h ,congress ov] ?is navy1 aft] ! pur*ase8 ,accord+ to ! new doctr9e1 x c\ld pass laws = ! hull1 ! ma/s1 & ! sails ( ! ,texan %ips1 b w\ld h no p[] to navigate !m by (fic]s & m54 ,x might gov]n ! %ips z s mu* wood1 iron1 & cordage1 b w\ld h no au?ority ov] comm&]s or crews4 ,b we are *all5g$ to %[ any clause 9 ! con/itution :i* conf]s an express p[] to legislate ov] ! t]ritories we possess4 ,i *all5ge our oppon5ts to %[ any clause :i* conf]s express p[] to acquire ^? t]ritories !mselves4 ,if1 !n1 ! p[] to acquire exi/s1 x exi/s by implication & inf]5ce2 & if ! p[] to acquire be an impli$ "o1 ! p[] to gov]n :at is acquir$ mu/ be impli$ also4 ,=1 = :at purpose does any man acquire prop]ty b to gov]n & control x8 ,:at does a buy] pay =1 if x be n ! "r to 8dispose (08 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 8,! "r to gov]n10 says ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 8may be ! inevitable consequ5ce ( ! "r to acquire40 ,am]4 ,ins4 ,co4 vs4 ,cant]1 #a ,pet]s1 #edb4 ,see also ,mc,cullough vs4 ,m>yl&1 #d ,:eat41 #dbb4 ,! ,*]okee ,nation vs4 ,georgia1 #e ,pet]s1 #dd4 ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,gratiot1 #ad ,pet]s1 #ecg4 ,b ,i ref] to ! express words ( ! con/itution1 z ample & effective 9 conf]r+ all ! p[] t is claim$4 8,congress may dispose (1 & make all ne$ful rules & regulations10 c4 ,if ,congress may 8dispose (0 ?is l&1 !n x may sell x4 ,insep>able f ! "r to sell is ! "r to def9e ! t]ms ( sale4 ,! sell] may affix su* conditions & limitations z he pleases to ! ?+ sold4 ,if ?is be n s1 !n ! buy] may dictate 8 t]ms to ! sell]4 ,answ] ^! simple que/ions3 ,suppos+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates to own l& 9 fee simple1 !n1 is ! gov]nm5t "u gu>dian%ip1 or disabl$ by m9ority8 ,is x non compos m5tis8 ,if no su* disability applies to x1 !n x may sell4 ,x may sell ! fee simple1 or x may c>ve out a less] e/ate1 & sell t4 ,x may incorporate su* t]ms & conditions z x pleases into its de$ or pat5t ( sale4 ,x may make an outright quitclaim1 or x may res]ve ! m9]als = its own use1 or ! navigable /reams = public highways1 z x did 9 reg>d to ! t]ritory nor?-we/ ( ! riv] ,ohio4 ,x may ins]t ! conditions & limitations 9 ea* de$ or pat5t2 or1 :]e ! grantees are num]\s1 x may make g5]al 8rules & regulations10 :i* are und]/ood to be a "p ( ea* contract1 & are !re=e b9d+ ^u ea* pur*as]4 ,no man is compell$ to buy2 b if any "o does buy1 he buys subject to ! 8rules & regulations0 express$ 9 ! grant2 & nei!r he1 nor 8 grantees1 nor 8 or _! heirs aft] !m1 c compla94 ,i want1 !re=e1 no bett] f\ndation = legislat+ ov] ! t]ritories ?an ! fact ( own]%ip 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,grant ?is1 & all is grant$4 ,if ,i own a f>m1 or a %op1 ,i may1 z own]1 prescribe ! conditions ( its transf] to ano!r4 ,if he does n l my conditions1 !n let him ab&on ! negotiation2 if he acc$es to ! conditions1 !n let him abide by !m1 & hold 8 peace4 ,sir1 9 ! /ate to :i* ,i belong1 we hold temp]ance to be a great bless+1 z well z a great virtue2 & intemp]ance to be a great curse1 z well z a great s94 ,i "k ( incorporat$ companies !re1 :o h pur*as$ l>ge tracts ( l& = manufactur+ purposes4 ,!y well "k h[ ess5tial is ! sobriety ( workm5 to ! pr(itabl5ess ( _! "w2 !y "k1 too1 h[ wa/eful & de/ructive is inebriety4 ,9 dispos+ ( _! l&1 !re=e1 to ! m5 :om !y w\ld ga!r ab\t !m & employ1 !y incorporate ! provision1 z a fundam5tal article 9 ! de$ ( grant1 t ard5t spirits %all nev] be sold ^u ! premises2 & ?us !y %ut up1 at once1 "o ( ! mo/ d5sely-?rong$ gateways ( hell4 ,h !y n a "r to d s1 f ! m]e fact ( own]%ip8 ,w\ld any judge or lawy] d\bt ! validity ( su* a condition2 or w\ld any s5sible man ev] d\bt its wisdom or humanity8 ,pecuni>ily & morally1 ?is comes "u ! head ( 8ne$ful rules & regulations40 ,if tippl]s d n l !m1 let !m /agg] away1 & seek _! resid5ce else:]e4 ,b ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n m]ely a l& own]2 x is a sov]eignty4 ,z su*1 x ex]cises all con/itutional jurisdiction ov] all its t]ritories4 ,:5ce1 b f ?is "r ( sov]eignty1 does ! gov]nm5t obta9 its p[] ( say+ t no man %all pur*ase l& ( ! natives1 or aborig9es2 & t1 if y wi% to buy l& 9 ! t]ritories1 y %all come to ! gov]nm5t = x8 ,is !re any express p[] 9 ! con/itution au?oriz+ ,congress to say to all ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 8,if y wi% to buy ungrant$ l& 9 ! t]ritories1 y mu/ come to u1 = no "o else c sell1 or %all sell08 ,?is "r1 su/a9$ by all our legislation & adjudications1 cov]s ! :ole gr\nd4 ,lessee ( ,johnson et al4 vs4 ,mc,intosh1 #h ,:eaton1 #edc2 #e ,cond4 ,rep4 #eae4 ,b1 leav+ ! con/itution1 x is d5i$ t !re are prec$5ts4 ,! honorable g5tlem5 f ,virg9ia ,mr4 ,bayly has n only conte/$ ! p[] ( ,congress to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories1 b he has d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( prec$5ts to su/a9 ?is p[]4 ,sir1 x w\ld h be5 an ass]tion f> less bold1 to d5y ! exi/5ce ( prec$5ts = ! election ( a ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 = ! in/ances ( ! latt] h be5 f> less frequ5t ?an ( ! =m]4 ,congress has legislat$ on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories all ! way up f ! adoption ( ! con/itution to ! pres5t "t2 & ?is legislation has be5 su/a9$ by ! judici>y ( bo? ! g5]al & /ate gov]nm5ts1 & c>ri$ into execution by ! executive p[] ( bo?4 ,see ,m5>d vs4 ,aspasia1 #e ,pet]s1 #eje2 ,phebe et al4 vs4 ,jay1 ,breese's ,rep4 #baj2 ,hogg vs4 ,! ,zanesville ,canal ,co41 #e ,ohio ,rep4 #daj2 ,m>t9's ,l\isiana ,rep4 ,n4 ,s4 #fii2 ,spoon] vs4 ,mc,connell1 #a ,mc,lean's ,rep4 #cda2 ,h>vey vs4 ,deek]1 ,walk]'s ,mississippi ,rep4 #cf2 ,ra*ael vs4 ,walk]1 #d ,miss\ri ,rep4 #cej4 ,s f> z ! uni=m practice ( sixty ye>s c settle a d\btful1 or confirm an admitt$ "r1 ?is p[] ( legislat+ ov] ! t]ritories has be5 tak5 f ! region ( d\bt1 & e/abli%$ ^u ! basis ( ackn[l$g$ au?ority4 ,9 legislat+ = all t is n[ ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 ,i[a1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 & ,florida1 we h legislat$ on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,sixty ye>s ( legislation on "o side1 & n a d5ial ( ! "r on ! o!r4 ,b ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia ,mr4 ,bayly says1 t ! action ( ,congress 9 reg>d to ! t]ritories has be5 r t ( con/itution-mak+ ?an ( law-mak+4 ,suppose ?is to be true2 does n ! great] include ! less8 ,if ,congress c\ld make a con/itution = all ! t]ritories1--an organic1 fundam5tal law1--a law ( laws1--c\ld x n1 _h x s pleas$1 make ! law itself8 ,a con/itution prescribes to ! legislature :at x %all d1 & :at x %all n d2 x comm&s1 prohibits1 & b9ds m5 by oa?s to support itself4 ,x says1 8,hi!rto ,,%alt ?\ come1 & no f>!r40 ,& if ,congress c d ?is1 c x n make ! local law itself8 ,c aught be m prepo/]\s8 ,z if we c\ld comm& o!rs to d :at we h no "r to d ourselves1 & prohibit o!rs f do+ :at lies beyond our own jurisdiction6 ,surely1 to decree on :at subjects a community %all legislate1 & on :at !y %all n legislate1 is ! ex]cise ( ! highe/ p[]4 ,b ,congress has n /opp$ ) ! ex]cise ( ! con/itution-mak+ p[]4 ,9 v>i\s =ms1 & at all times1 x has legislat$ = ! t]ritories1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w legislation4 ,x has legislat$ aga9 & aga91 & t5 times aga91 on ?is v subject ( slav]y4 ,see ! act ( #agid1 prohibit+ ! slave trade f 8any port or place0 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,c\ld any citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "u ?is act1 h gone into "o ( our t]ritories & !re h fitt$ out vessels = ! slave trade8 ,surely he c\ld1 if ,congress _h no "r to legislate ov] t]ritories only z s mu* l& & wat]4 ,by /atute #agih1 *apt] #bh1 #g1 slaves 7 =bidd5 to be br\ght into ! ,mississippi ,t]ritory f )\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & all slaves s br\ght 9 7 made free4 ,s ! act ( #ahjj1 *apt] #ea1 9 fur!r prohibition ( ! slave trade1 appli$ to all citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :e!r liv+ 9 t]ritories or 9 organiz$ /ates4 ,did n ?is legislation cov] ! t]ritories8 ,by /atute #ahjd1 *apt] #ch1 #aj1 ?ree classes ( slaves 7 =bidd5 to be introduc$ into ! ,orleans ,t]ritory4 ,/atute #ahjg1 *apt] #bb1 prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves aft] ,janu>y #a1 #ahjh1 prohibit$ _! importation into ! t]ritories 9 express t]ms4 ,/atute #ahah1 *apt] #ia1 /atute #ahai1 *apt] #aja1 & /atute #ahbj1 *apt] #aac1 prohibit+ ! slave trade1 & mak+ x piracy1 expressly includ$ all ! t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,/atute #ahai1 *apt] #ba1 au?oriz$ ! ,presid5t to provide = ! safe-keep+ ( slaves import$ f ,africa1 & = _! removal to _! home 9 t l&4 ,"u ?is law1 ! ,presid5t might h e/abli%$ a depot = slaves )9 ! limits ( our t]ritories1 on ! gulf1 or on ! ,mississippi4 ,by /atute #ahbj1 *apt] #bb1 #h1 ,congress e/abli%$ :at has be5 call$ ! ,miss\ri compromise l9e1 !reby expressly legislat+ on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,s ( ,texas4 ,see ,jo4 ,res4 ,m>* #a1 #ahea4 ,by /atute #ahai1 *apt] #ic1 /atute #ahba1 *apt] #ci1 #b1 & /atute #ahbb1 *apt] #ac1 #i1 ,congress legislat$ on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,t]ritory ( ,florida4 ,does x n seem almo/ incr$ible t a def5d] & *ampion ( slav]y %\ld d5y ! p[] ( ,congress to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories8 ,if ,congress has no su* p[]1 by :at "r c a ma/] recapture a fugitive slave escap+ into a t]ritory8 ,! con/itution says1 8,no p]son held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o /ate1 escap+ into ano!r10--t is1 ano!r /ate1--8%all be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice1 or labor10 c4 ,! act ( #agic1 *apt] #g1 #c1 provides t :5 a p]son held to labor1 c41 8%all escape into any o!r ( ! said /ates1 or t]ritory10 he may be tak54 ,by :at o!r law ?an ?is c a runaway slave be retak5 9 a t]ritory8 ,if ,congress has no p[] to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 any t]ritory1 !n1 surely1 x _c legislate = ! capture ( a fugitive slave 9 a t]ritory4 ,! argum5t cuts bo? ways4 ,! knife w\nds him :o w\ld use x to w\nd 8 fell[4 ,fur!r ?an ?is4 ,if slav]y is claim$ to be "o ( ! common subjects ( legislation1 !n any legislation by ,congress = ! t]ritories1 on any ( ! common subjects ( legislation1 is a prec$5t1 go+ to prove its "r to legislate on slav]y itself4 ,if ,congress may legislate on "o subject belong+ to a class1 !n x may legislate on any o!r subject belong+ to ! same class4 ,n[1 ,congress has legislat$ = ! t]ritories on almo/ ! :ole circle ( subjects belong+ to common legislation4 ,x has legislat$ on ! elective fran*ise1 on ! pecuni>y qualifications & resid5ce ( c&idates = (fice1 on ! militia1 on oa?s1 on ! p] diem & mileage ( memb]s1 c41 c4 ,by /atute #ahaa1 *apt] #ba1 #c1 au?oriz+ ! ,t]ritory ( ,orleans to =m a con/itution1 x 0 provid$ t all legislative proce$+s & judicial records %\ld be kept & promulgat$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,_c ,congress make provision = ! rights ( ! p1 z well z = ! language 9 :i* ! laws & records def9+ ^? rights %all be express$8 ,any language is sweet to ! e>s ( man :i* gives him ! "r ( trial by jury1 ( habeas corpus1 ( religi\s fre$om1 & ( life1 limb1 & lib]ty2 b accurs$ is t language1 & fit only = ! realms bel[1 :i* deprives an immortal be+ ( ! rights ( intellig5ce & ( fre$om2 ( ! "r to himself1 & ! de>] rights ( family4 ,b all ?is is by no means ! /ronge/ "p ( ! evid5ce ) :i* our /atutes & judicial decisions ab\nd1 %[+ ! p[] ( ,congress to legislate ov] t]ritories4 ,f ! beg9n+1 ,congress has n only legislat$ ov] ! t]ritories1 b x has appo9t$ & controll$ ! ag5ts ( legislation4 ,! g5]al /ructure ( ! legislature 9 sev]al ( ! e>li] t]ritorial gov]nm5ts 0 ?is3 ,x consi/$ ( a gov]nor & ( two h\ses1--an upp] & a l[]4 ,)\t an exception1 :]e a gov]nor has be5 appo9t$1 ,congress has always res]v$ 8 appo9tm5t to itself1 or to ! ,presid5t4 ,! gov]nor s appo9t$ has always _h a veto p[] ov] ! two h\ses2 & ,congress has always res]v$ to itself1 or to ! ,presid5t1 a veto p[]1 n only ov] him1 b ov] him & bo? ! h\ses besides4 ,congress has (t5 int]f]$ also ) ! appo9tm5t ( ! upp] h\se1 leav+ only ! l[] h\se to be *os5 exclusively by ! p ( ! t]ritory2 & x has det]m9$ ev5 = ! l[] h\se ! qualifications bo? ( electors & ( elect$4 ,fur!r /ill3 ! p[] ( remov+ ! gov]nor1 at pleasure1 has always be5 res]v$ to ,congress1 or to ! ,presid5t4 ,look at ?is3 ,congress det]m9es = ! t]ritory ! qualifications ( electors & elect$1--at lea/ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,no law ( ! t]ritorial legislature is valid until approv$ by ! gov]nor4 ,?\gh approv$ by ! gov]nor1 x may be annull$ by ,congress1 or by ! ,presid5t2 & ! gov]nor is appo9t$1 & may be remov$ at pleasure1 by ,congress or by ! ,presid5t4 ,to be m specific1 ,i give ! foll[+ outl9e ( "s ( ! t]ritorial gov]nm5ts3-- ,ohio ,t]ritory1 /atute #aghi1 *apt] #h4--;,a gov]nor = f\r ye>s1 nom9at$ by ! ,presid5t1 approv$ by ! ,s5ate1 ) p[] to appo9t all subord9ate civil & milit>y (fic]s4 ,a secret>y = f\r ye>s1 appo9t$ 9 ! same way4 ,?ree judges1 to hold (fice dur+ good behavior4 ,gov]nor & judges ! sole legislature1 until ! di/rict %all conta9 five ?\s& free male inhabitants4 ,!n1-- ,a ,h\se ( ,assembly1 *os5 by qualifi$ electors1 = two ye>s4 ,a legislative c\ncil ( five1 to hold (fice = five ye>s4 ,! ,h\se ( ,assembly to *oose t5 m51 five ( :om are to be select$ by ! ,presid5t & approv$ by ! ,s5ate4 ,^! five to be ! 8,legislative ,c\ncil40 ,a gov]nor1 z be=e1 ) an unconditional veto1 & a "r to conv5e1 prorogue1 & dissolve ! ,assembly4 ,p[] giv5 to ! ,presid5t to revoke ! commissions ( gov]nor & secret>y4 ,indiana ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahjj1 *apt] #da4--,simil> to t ( ,ohio4 ,at fir/1 ! l[] h\se to consi/ ( n m ?an n9e1 nor less ?an sev54 ,mississippi ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahjj1 *apt] #ej4--,simil> to t ( ,indiana4 ,mi*igan ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahje1 *apt] #e4--,simil> to t ( ,indiana4 ,ill9ois ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahji1 *apt] #ac4--,simil> to t ( ,indiana4 ,alabama ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahag1 *apt] #ei4--,simil> to t ( ,indiana4 ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahcf1 *apt] #ed4--;,gov]nor = ?ree ye>s1 appo9t$ z above1 & removable by ! ,presid5t1 ) p[] to appo9t (fic]s & grant p>dons4 ,unconditional veto4 ,secret>y = f\r ye>s1 removable by ! ,presid5t4 ,9 ! abs5ce1 or dur+ ! inability1 ( ! gov]nor1 to p]=m 8 duties4 ,legislative ,assembly to consi/ ( a ,c\ncil & a ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 to be *os5 = two ye>s4 ,congress to h an unconditional veto1 to be ex]cis$ on laws approv$ by ! gov]nor4 ,l\isiana ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahjc1 *apt] #a4--,sole dictatorial p[] giv5 to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ! army & navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates plac$ at 8 comm& to gov]n ! t]ritorial inhabitants4--7,?is 0 "u ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 a /rict con/ructioni/47 ,t]ritory ( ,orleans1 /atute #ahjd1 *apt] #ch4--;,gov]nor nom9at$ by ! ,presid5t1 approv$ by ! ,s5ate1 t5ure ( (fice ?ree ye>s4 ,removable by ! ,presid5t4 ,secret>y = f\r ye>s1 to be gov]nor 9 case1 c4 ,legislative ,c\ncil ( ?irte51 to be annually appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,gov]nor & ,c\ncil1 ( c\rse1 a reciprocal negative on ea* o!r4 ,congress an unconditional veto on bo?4 ,di/rict ( ,l\isiana1 /atute #ahjd1 *apt] #ch4--,to be gov]n$ by ! gov]nor & judges ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,indiana4 ,congress an unconditional veto on all _! laws4 ,miss\ri ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahab1 *apt] #ie4--;,a gov]nor1 appo9table & removable z above4 ,secret>y1 ! same4 ,a ,legislative ,c\ncil ( n9e4 ,eighte5 p]sons to be nom9at$ by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives = ! t]ritory2 n9e ( ^! to be select$ & appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t & ,s5ate4 ,a ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 to be *os5 by ! p4 ,arkansas ,t]ritory1 /atute #ahai1 *apt] #di4--;,a gov]nor & secret>y1 appo9table & removable z above4 ,all legislative p[] ve/$ 9 ! gov]nor & 9 ! judges ( ! sup]ior c\rt4 ,:5 a majority ( ! freehold]s %\ld elect1 !n !y might adopt ! =m ( gov]nm5t ( ,miss\ri4 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,florida1 /atute #ahai1 *apt] #ic4--,/atute #ahba1 *apt] #bi4--,/atute #ahbb1 *apt] #ac4 ,f ,m>* #c1 #ahai1 to ,m>* #cj1 #ahbb1 ! gov]nm5t ve/$ solely 9 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to be ex]cis$ by su* (fic]s z he %\ld appo9t4 ,aft] ,m>* #cj1 #ahbb1 a gov]nor & secret>y1 appo9table & removable z above4 ,all legislative p[] ve/$ 9 ! gov]nor1 & 9 ?irte5 p]sons1 call$ a legislative c\ncil1 to be appo9t$ annually by ! ,presid5t4 ,yet1 sir1 not)/&+ all ?is legislation ( ,congress = ! t]ritories1 on ! subject ( slav]y itself2 not)/&+ its legislation on a great class ( subjects ( :i* slav]y is ackn[l$g$ to be "o2 not)/&+ its appo9tm5t1 9 "s cases1 ( ! legislative p[] ( ! t]ritory1--mak+ its own ag5t1 ! gov]nor1 removable at pleasure1--giv+ him a veto1 9 ! fir/ place1 & res]v+ to itself a veto :5 he has approv$2 not)/&+ ! ex]cise1 9 o!r cases1 ( full1 absolute sov]eignty ov] ! inhabitants ( ! t]ritories1 & all _! int]e/s2 &1 not)/&+ su* has be5 ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t = sixty ye>s1 "u ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 ,monroe1 ,jackson1 & o!rs1 x is n[ d5i$ t ,congress has any "r to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,sir1 ) a class ( politicians 9 ?is c\ntry1 x has come to ?is1 t slav]y is ! only sacr$ ?+ 9 exi/5ce4 ,x is self-exi/5t1 l a god1 & human p[] _c prev5t x4 ,f ye> to ye>1 x goes on conqu]+ & to conqu]1 & human p[] _c de?rone x4 ,sir1 ,i w pres5t ano!r argum5t on ?is subject1 & ,i d n see h[ any juri/ or /atesman c invalidate x4 ,gov]nm5t is "o1 b its functions are sev]al4 ,!y are legislative1 judicial1 executive4 ,^! functions are cord9ate2 ea* supposes ! o!r two4 ,!re mu/ be a legislature to enact laws2 !re mu/ be a judici>y to exp\nd ! laws enact$1 & po9t out ! individuals aga9/ :om !y are to be en=c$2 !re mu/ be an executive arm to en=ce ! decisions ( ! c\rts4 ,9 e !ory ( gov]nm5t1 :]e "o ( ^! exi/1 ! o!rs exi/4 ,"u our con/itution !y are divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 & apportion$ among ?ree cord9ate bodies4 ,:oev] d5ies "o ( ^! mu/ d5y !m all4 ,if ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re=e1 has no "r to legislate = ! t]ritories1 x has no "r to adjudicate = ! t]ritories2 if x has no "r to adjudicate1 !n x has no "r to en=ce ! decisions ( ! judicial tribunals4 ,^! rights mu/ /& or fall toge!r4 ,he :o takes f ?is gov]nm5t ! law-mak+ p[]1 9 reg>d to t]ritories1 /rikes also ! balances ( ju/ice f ! h&s ( ! judge1 & ! mace ( au?ority f ^? ( ! executive4 ,!re is no escape f ?is conclusion4 ,! con/itution gives no m au?ority to adjudge suits 9 ! t]ritories1 or to execute ! decisions ( ! t]ritorial c\rts1 ?an x does to legislate4 ,if ,congress has no p[] ov] t]ritory1 only z l&1 !n :at does ?is l& want ( judges & m>%als8 ,is x n obvi\s1 !n1 t ?is new read+ ( ! con/itution sets aside ! :ole legislative1 judicial1 & executive adm9i/ration ( ?is gov]nm5t ov] t]ritories1 s9ce ! adoption ( ! con/itution8 ,x makes ! :ole ( x invalid4 ,! ,presid5ts1 all memb]s ( ,congress1 all judges ^u ! b5*1 h be5 9 a dream = ! la/ sixty ye>s1 & are n[ wak$ up & recall$ to _! s5ses by ! *>m ( a newly-discov]$ read+ ( ! con/itution4 ,hi!rto1 sir1 ,i h n direct$ my rem>ks to ! actual legislation by ,congress on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,nor?-we/]n ,t]ritory1 s call$4 ,t t]ritory 0 consecrat$ to fre$om by ! ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,x has be5 said t ! ,conf$]ation _h no p[] to pass su* an ord9ance4 ,b :e!r ?is be s or n1 is immat]ial1 = ,congress has ratifi$ ! ord9ance aga9 & aga94 ,! fir/ ,congress at its fir/ session pass$ an act ^: preamble is z foll[s3 8,:]eas1 9 ord] t ! ord9ance ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,congress assembl$1 = ! gov]nm5t ( ! t]ritory nor?-we/ ( ! riv] ,ohio1 may cont9ue to h full effect10 c4 ,x !n proce$s to modify "s p>ts ( ! ord9ance1 & to adopt all ! re/4#a ,9 ! second section ( ! act ( #ahjj1 *apt] #da1 e/abli%+ ! ,indiana ,t]ritory1 x is expressly provid$ t its gov]nm5t %all be 89 all respects simil> to t provid$ by ! ord9ance ( #aghg40 ,9 ! act ( #ahjb1 *apt] #dj1 section #e1 au?oriz+ ,ohio to =m a con/itution & /ate gov]nm5t1 ?is ord9ance ( #aghg is ?ree times ref]r$ to z a valid & exi/+ engagem5t1 & x has always be5 held to be s by ! c\rts ( ,ohio4 ,s 9 ! act ( #ahaf1 *apt] #eg1 section #d1 au?oriz+ ! erection ( ,indiana into a /ate1 ! ord9ance is aga9 recogniz$1 & is made a "p ( ! fundam5tal law ( ! /ate4 ,s 9 ! act ( #ahah1 *apt] #fg1 section #d1 au?oriz+ ,ill9ois to become a /ate4 ,s 9 ! act ( #ahje1 *apt] #e1 section #b1 e/abli%+ ! ,t]ritory ( ,mi*igan4 ,s ( ,wiscons94 ,see act ( #ahdg1 *apt] #ec1 9 connection ) ! con/itution ( ,wiscons94 ,b all ?is is t$i\s & sup]flu\s4 ,i h gone into ?is detail1 because ,i und]/& ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia ,mr4 ,,bayly to h d5i$ ?is adoption & ^! recognitions ( ! ord9ance4 ,i haz>d no?+ 9 say+ t ! ord9ance ( #aghg has be5 expressly ref]r$ to z valid1 or expressly or impli$ly renact$1 a doz5 times1 by ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 9 ! /ate c\rts ( ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 & ,miss\ri1 x has be5 adjudg$ to be con/itutional4 ,h[1 !n1 is x possible = any m9d1 am5able to legal rules = ! decision ( legal que/ions1 to say t ,congress _c legislate1 or has n legislat$1 7except once or twice inadv]t5tly17 on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories8 ,on ?is "p ( ! argum5t1 ,i h only a conclud+ rem>k to submit4 ,! position ,i am conte/+ affirms g5]ally t ,congress _c legislate ^u ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,! inexp$i5cy ( s legislat+ is fur!r advocat$ on ! gr\nd t x is repugnant to democratical pr9ciples to deb> ! inhabitants ( ! t]ritories f gov]n+ !mselves4 ,mu/ ! free m5 ( ! t]ritories1 x is ask$1 h laws made = !m by o!rs8 ,no6 ,x is anti-democratic1 mon>*ical1 intol]able4 ,all m5 h ! "r ( self-gov]nm5t2 & ?is pr9ciple holds true ) reg>d to ! inhabitants ( t]ritories1 z well z ! inhabitants ( /ates4 ,n[1 if ^! decl>ations 7 a s9c]e & hone/ affirmation ( human rights1 ,i %\ld respect !m & honor _! au?ors4 ,did ?is doctr9e gr[ out ( a jeal\sy = ! rights ( man1 a fe> ( usurpation1 an ass]tion ( ! pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t1 ,i %\ld sympa?ize ) x1 :ile ,i d5i$ its legality4 ,b1 sir1 x is ! mo/ pa9ful aspect ( ?is :ole case1 t ! v object & purpose ( claim+ ^! ample & sov]eign rights = ! inhabitants ( ! t]ritories is1 t !y may d5y all rights to a portion ( _! fell[-be+s )9 !m4 ,enl>ge1 aggr&ize1 ! rights ( ! t]ritorial settl]s6 ,& :y8 ,because1 by s do+1 y enable !m to aboli% all rights = a :ole class ( human be+s4 ,?is claim1 !n1 is n made = ! purpose ( mak+ freem5 m free1 b = mak+ slaves m enslav$4 ,! reason = d5y+ to ,congress ! p[] to legislate = ! t]ritories1 is ! fe> t ,congress w prev5t slav]y 9 !m4 ,! reason = claim+ ! supreme "r ( legislation = ! t]ritorial inhabitants1 is ! hope t !y w e/abli% slav]y )9 _! bord]s4 ,mu/ n t democracy be false :i* begets slav]y z its natural (fspr+8 99 99 99 99 99 ,if x has n[ be5 demon/rat$ t ,congress has uni=mly legislat$1 & c legislate1 on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories1 ,i proce$ to consid] ! next "q4 ,is x exp$i5t to exclude slav]y f !m8 ,"h1 on ! ?re%old1 we are confront$ ) ! claim t ! gates %all be ?r[n wide op5 to ! admission ( slav]y into ! broad we/]n _w2 because1 o!rwise1 ! s\!rn or slave /ates w\ld be deb>r$ f enjoy+ _! %>e ( ! common prop]ty ( ! ,union4 ,i meet ?is claim ) a c\nt]-claim4 ,if1 on ! "o h&1 ! consecration ( ?is soil to fre$om w exclude ! slavehold]s ( ! s\?1 x is j z true1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! desecration ( x to slav]y w exclude ! freem5 ( ! nor?4 ,we1 at ! nor?1 "k too well ! f\ndations ( worldly prosp]ity & happ9ess2 we "k too well ! s\rces ( social & moral welf>e1 ev] volunt>ily to bl5d our =tunes ) ^? ( a community :]e slav]y is tol]at$4 ,if our dem& = free t]ritory1 !n1 excludes !m1 _! dem& = slave t]ritory excludes u4 ,n "o 9 five hundr$ ( ! freem5 ( ! nor? c\ld ev] be induc$ to take 8 family & domicile himself 9 a t]ritory :]e slav]y exi/s4 ,!y "k t ! in/itution w\ld impov]i% _! e/ate1 demoralize _! *ildr51 & h>r[ _! own consci5ces ) an ev]-pres5t s5se ( guilt1 until ^? consci5ces1 by =ce ( habit & induration1 %\ld pass into t call\s & m deplorable /ate1 :]e cont9u\s crime c\ld be committ$ )\t ! feel+ ( remorse4 ,sir1 let me read a passage f ,dr4 ,*ann+1 writt5 9 #agih1--;fifty ye>s ago1--:51 at ! e>ly age ( n9ete51 he liv$ = "s "t 9 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 z a tutor 9 a private family4 ,:ile !re1 he wrote a lett]1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3-- 8,!re is "o object "h :i* always depresses me4 ,x is slav]y4 ,?is alone w\ld prev5t me f ev] settl+ 9 ,virg9ia4 ,language _c express my dete/ation ( x4 ,ma/] & slave6 ,nature nev] made su* a di/9ction1 or e/abli%$ su* a relation4 ,man1 :5 =c$ to sub/itute ! w ( ano!r = 8 own1 ceases to be a moral ag5t2 8 title to ! "n ( man is ext+ui%$2 he becomes a m]e ma*9e 9 ! h&s ( 8 oppressor4 ,no empire is s valuable z ! empire ( "o's self4 ,no "r is s insep>able f humanity1 & s necess>y to ! improvem5t ( our species1 z ! "r ( ex]t+ ! p[]s :i* nature has giv5 u 9 ! pursuit ( any & ( e good :i* we c obta9 )\t do+ injury to o!rs4 ,%\ld y desire x1 ,i w give y "s idea ( ! situation & "* ( ! negroes 9 ,virg9ia4 ,x is a subject s degrad+ to humanity1 t ,i _c dwell on x ) pleasure4 ,i %\ld be oblig$ to %[ y e vice1 height5$ by e meanness1 & add$ to e mis]y4 ,! influ5ce ( slav]y on ! :ites is almo/ z fatal z on ! blacks !mselves40 ,?is 0 writt5 fifty ye>s ago1 by a "y man f ,new ,engl&1 only n9ete5 ye>s old4 ,i "k t1 on all subjects ( philan?ropy & e?ics1 ,dr4 ,*ann+ 0 half a c5tury 9 advance ( 8 age4 ,b ! s5tim5ts he express$ on ?is subject1 at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 are n[ ! preval5t1 deep-seat$ feel+s ( nor!rn m51 except+1 p]haps1 a few cases :]e ^! feel+s h be5 corrupt$ by int]e/4 ,i repeat1 !n1 t ! nor? _c %ut out ! s\? f ! new t]ritories by a law = exclud+ slav]y1 m effectually ?an ! s\? w %ut out ! nor? by ! fact ( introduc+ slav]y4 ,ev5 admitt+1 !n1 t ! law is equal = bo? nor? & s\?1 ,i w %[ t all ! equity is on ! side ( ! nor?4 ,sir1 f ! e/abli%m5t ( our indep5d5ce by ! treaty ( #aghc to ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! con/itution1 & = ye>s aft]w>ds1 no trace is to be f\nd ( an int5tion to enl>ge ! b\nds ( our republic2 & x is well kn[n t ! treaty ( #ahjc1 = acquir+ ,l\isiana1 0 ackn[l$g$ by ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 :o made x1 to be uncon/itutional4 ,9 #aghg1 ! ,magna ,*>ta ( p]petual fre$om 0 secur$ to ! ,nor?-we/ ,t]ritory4 ,b ! article exclud+ slav]y f x _h an e>li] date ?an #aghg4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 #aghd1 ,congress vot$ to accept a session f ! /ate ( ,virg9ia ( h] claim to ! t]ritory nor?-we/ ( ! ,ohio riv]4 ,! subject ( provid+ a gov]nm5t = ?is & o!r t]ritory 0 ref]r$ to a committee consi/+ ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 ,mr4 ,*ase ( ,m>yl&1 & ,mr4 ,h[ell ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,april1 #aghd1 _! report 0 consid]$4 ,t report conta9$ ! foll[+ ev]-memorable clause3-- 8,t aft] ! ye> #ahjj1 ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 !re %all be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude 9 any ( ! said /ates1 !y 7 spok5 ( z /ates1 because x 0 always contemplat$ to erect ! t]ritories into /ates1 o!rwise ?an 9 puni%m5t ( crimes :]e( ! p>ty %all h be5 convict$ to h be5 p]sonally guilty40 ,sir1 we he> mu* said 9 our day ( ! ,wilmot proviso aga9/ slav]y4 ,9 =m] ye>s1 great cr$it has be5 giv5 to ,mr4 ,na?an ,dane1 ( ,massa*usetts1 = orig9at+ ! six? article1 7aga9/ slav]y71 9 ! ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,sir1 x is a misnom] to call ?is re/rictive clause ! 8,wilmot proviso40 ,x is ! ,jeff]son proviso1 & ,mr4 ,jeff]son %\ld h ! honor ( x2 & w\ld to ,heav5 t our s\!rn fri5ds1 :o kneel s dev\tly at 8 %r9e1 c\ld be animat$ by t l(ty _s ( fre$om1 t love = ! rights ( man1 :i* alone c make _! acts ( devotion sacr$4 ,b :at is mo/ mat]ial to be obs]v$ "h is1 t ! plan ( gov]nm5t report$ by ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 & act$ ^u by ! ,congress at t "t1 embrac$ all ! 8we/]n t]ritory40 ,x embrac$ all ! 8t]ritory c$$1 or to be c$$1 by individual /ates to ! ,unit$ ,/ates40--,see ,j\rnals ( ,congress1 ,april #bc1 #aghd4 ,if1 !n1 we leave out ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee1 z be+ p>ts ( ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 all ! residue ( ! t]ritory nor? or s\? ( ! ,ohio riv]1 )9 ! treaty limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 int5d$1 by ! 8,jeff]son proviso10 to be rescu$ f ! doom ( slav]y4 ,= t proviso !re 7 sixte5 votes1 & only sev5 aga9/ x4 ,yet s s+ul>ly 7 ^! sev5 votes di/ribut$1 & s l>ge a majority ( ! /ates did x require to pass an act1 t x 0 lo/4 ,! :ole ( ! repres5tation f sev5 /ates vot$ = x unanim\sly4 ,only two /ates vot$ unanim\sly aga9/ x4 ,_h b "o ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son's colleagues vot$ ) him1 & _h ,mr4 ,spaight1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 vot$ = x1 ! re/rictive clause 9 ! report w\ld h /ood4 ,b a m9ority ( sev5 f ! slavehold+ /ates controll$ a majority ( sixte5 f ! free /ates1--om9\s ev5 at t e>ly day ( a fate t has n[ rel5tlessly pursu$ u = sixty ye>s4 ,t vote 0 c]ta9ly no m ?an a fair repres5tation ( ! feel+ ( ! c\ntry aga9/ slav]y at t "t4 ,x 0 ) su* a feel+ t ! 8compromises ( ! con/itution10 z !y are call$1 7 ent]$ into4 ,nobody dread$ or dream$ ( ! ext5sion ( slav]y beyond its !n exi/+ limits4 ,yet1 behold its aggressive m>*6 ,besides ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee1 :i* ,i omit1 = reasons be=e intimat$1 sev5 new slave /ates h be5 add$ to ! ,union1--,mississippi1 ,alabama1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 ,l\isiana1 ,florida1 & ,texas1--! la/ five out ( t]ritory n belong+ to u at ! adoption ( ! con/itution2 :ile only "o free /ate1 ,i[a1 has be5 add$ dur+ all ?is "t1 out ( su* newly-acquir$ t]ritory4#b ,b !re is ano!r fact1 :i* %[s t ! slavehold]s h already _h _! full %>e ( t]ritory1 h[ev] wide ! b\nd>ies ( ?is c\ntry may h]eaft] become4 ,i h se5 ! numb] ( actual slavehold]s v>i\sly e/imat$2 b ! highe/ e/imate ,i h ev] se5 is ?ree hundr$ ?\s&4 ,all[+ six p]sons to a family1 ?is numb] w\ld repres5t a :ite population ( eighte5 hundr$ ?\s&4 ,mr4 ,,gayle1 ( ,alabama1 int]rupt$ & said3 ,if ! g5tleman f ,massa*usetts has be5 in=m$ t ! numb] ( slavehold]s is only #cjj1jjj1 !n ,i w tell him 8 in=mation is utt]ly false4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,w ! g5tleman tell me h[ _m !re are8 ,mr4 ,,gayle4 ,t5 times z _m4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,t5 times z _m6 ,t5 times #cjj1jjj is #c1jjj1jjj2 & all[+ six p]sons to ea* family1 ?is w\ld give a population ( #ah1jjj1jjj directly connect$ ) slavehold+2 :ile ! :ole free population ( ! s\?1 9 #ahdj1 0 consid]ably less ?an five millions6 ,mr4 ,,meade1 ( ,virg9ia1 "h int]pos$ & said1 t :]e ! fa!r or "m own$ slaves1 !y 7 consid]$ ! jo9t prop]ty ( ! family4 ,i ?9k1 if y include ! gr[n & ! "y1 !re are ab\t ?ree millions int]e/$ 9 slave prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,,mann resum$4 ,my data lead me to believe t ! numb] does n n[ exce$ two millions2 b1 at ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! con/itution1 ! numb] directly connect$ ) slavehold+ mu/ h be5 less ?an "o million4 ,yet ?is "o million h already manag$ to acquire ! broad ,/ates ( ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 ,l\isiana1 ,florida1 & ,texas1 beyond ! limits ( ! treaty ( #aghc2 :51 at ! "t ! 8compromises ( ! con/itution0 7 ent]$ into1 n "o ( ! p>ties suppos$ t we %\ld ev] acquire t]ritory beyond ^? limits4 ,& ?is has be5 done = ! b5efit1 7if x be a b5efit17 ( t "o million ( slavehold]s1 aga9/ :at is n[ a free population ( fifte5 millions4 ,&1 9 addition to ?is1 x is to be consid]$ t ! non-slavehold+ population ( ! slave /ates h z direct & deep an int]e/ z any "p ( ! c\ntry1 adv]se to ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,if all our new t]ritory be doom$ to slav]y1 :]e c ! non-slavehold]s ( ! slavehold+ /ates emigrate to8 ,are !y n to be consid]$8 ,has "o half ! population ( ! slavehold+ /ates rights1 :i* are p>am\nt1 n only to ! rights ( ! o!r half1 b to ! rights ( all ! free /ates besides8 = su* is ! claim4 ,no1 sir4 ,i say t1 if slav]y 7 no moral or political evil1 yet1 accord+ to all pr9ciples ( ju/ice & equity1 ! slavehold]s h already obta9$ _! full %>e ( t]ritory1 ?\gh all ! residue ( ?is cont95t 7 to be annex$ to ! ,union1 & we 7 to become1 9 ! insane language ( ! day1 8an ocean-b\nd republic40 ,i n[ proce$ to consid] ! nature & effects ( slav]y1 z a reason :y new-born communities %\ld be exempt$ f x4 ,fir/1 let me treat ( its economical or f9ancial1 &1 secondly1 ( its moral aspects4 ,?\gh slaves are said to be prop]ty1 !y are ! prev5t]s1 ! wa/]s1 ! antagoni/s ( prop]ty4 ,s f> f facilitat+ ! increase ( individual or national weal?1 slav]y ret>ds bo?4 ,x bla/s worldly prosp]ity4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a free p w ?rive & prosp]1 9 a m]e worldly s5se1 m ?an a p divid$ into ma/]s & slaves4 ,7 we s con/itut$ z to c>e = no?+1 to aspire to no?+1 beyond m]e temporal well be+1 ?is well be+ w\ld c\nsel u to aboli% slav]y :]ev] x exi/s1 & to repel its approa* :]ev] x ?reat5s4 ,enslave a man1 & y de/roy 8 ambition1 8 ent]prise1 8 capacity4 ,9 ! con/itution ( human nature1 ! desire ( bett]+ "o's condition is ! ma9spr+ ( ef=t4 ,! fir/ t\* ( slav]y snaps ?is spr+4 ,! slave does n p>ticipate 9 ! value ( ! weal? he creates4 ,all he e>ns ano!r seizes4 ,a free man labors1 n only to improve 8 own condition1 b to bett] ! condition ( 8 *ildr54 ,! mighty impulse ( p>5tal affection repays = dilig5ce1 & makes ex]tion sweet4 ,! slave's he>t nev] beats ) ?is high emotion4 ,h[ev] indu/ri\s & frugal he may be1 he has no?+ to bequea? to 8 *ildr51--or no?+ save ! sad bonds he himself has worn4 ,fe> may make him "w1 b hope--nev]4 ,:5 he moves 8 t>dy limbs1 x is because ( ! suff]+ t goads him f beh9d1 & n f ! bright prospects t beckon him =w>d 9 ! race4 ,:at w\ld a slave own] at ! s\? ?9k1 %\ld he come to ,massa*usetts1 & !re see a f>m] seize ^u 8 hir$ man1 call 9 a surgeon1 & cut (f all ! flexor muscles ( 8 arms & legs8 ,i d n ask :at he w\ld ?9k ( 8 humanity1 b :at w\ld he ?9k ( 8 sanity8 ,yet ! plant] does m ?an ?is :5 he makes a man a slave4 ,he cuts deep] ?an ! muscles2 he de/roys ! _s t moves ! muscles4 ,9 all ages ( ! _w1 among all nations1 :]ev] ! e>n+s ( ! labor] h be5 /ol5 f him1 8 en]gies h gone ) 8 e>n+s4 ,"u ! ville9age sy/em ( ,engl&1 ! ville9s 7 a l[1 idle1 spiritless race2 dead to responsibility2 grovell+ 9 _! desires2 resi/ant ( labor2 )\t ent]prise2 )\t =esight4 ,?is pr9ciple is n[ exemplifi$ 9 ! l&lord & t5ant sy/em ( ,irel&4 ,if a t5ant is to be no bett] (f = ! improvem5ts he makes on an e/ate1 he w n make ! improvem5ts4 ,look at ! seigniories ( ,new ,york1--! anti-r5t di/ricts z !y are n[ call$2--e man acqua9t$ ) ! subject kn[s t bo? p & husb&ry are half a c5tury beh9d ! condition ( contigu\s fee-simple proprietor%ips4 ,all hi/ory illu/rates ! pr9ciple1 t :5 prop]ty is insecure1 x w n be e>n$4 ,if a despot c seize & confiscate ! prop]ty ( 8 subject at pleasure1 ! subject w n acquire prop]ty1 & !reby give to himself ! conspicu\sness t invites ! plund]4 ,& if ?is be s :5 prop]ty is m]ely insecure1 :at mu/ be ! effect :5 a man has no prop]ty :atev] 9 8 e>n+s8 ,:o does n "k t a slave1 :o c rationally hope to pur*ase 8 fre$om1 w d all ! "w he ev] did be=e1 & e>n 8 fre$om-money besides8 ,slav]y1 !re=e1 ?\gh claim+ to be a k9d ( prop]ty1 is ! bane ( prop]ty2 & ! m slaves !re are f\nd 9 ! inv5tory ( a nation's weal?1 ! less 9 value w ! aggregate ( t inv5tory be4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y slave labor is s mu* less effici5t ?an free labor4 ,! =m] c nev] compete ) ! latt]2 & :ile ! great] s]vice is p]=m$ ) *e]fulness1 ! small] is extort$ by fe>4 ,j z c]ta9 z t ! locomotive c outrun ! horse1 & ! lightn+ outspe$ ! locomotive1 j s c]ta9 is x t he :o is animat$ by ! hopes & ! rew>ds ( fre$om w out/rip ! di%e>t5$ & fe>-driv5 slave4 ,! intellig5t freeman c af=d to live well1 dress dec5tly1 & occupy a com=table t5em5t4 ,a scanty subsi/5ce1 a squalid g>b1 a mean & dilapidat$ hovel1 proclaim ! degradation ( ! slave4 ,! slave /ates ga9 millions ( doll>s e ye> f ! privations1 ! mean food1 clo?+1 & %elt] to :i* ! slaves are subject$2 & yet !y gr[ ri* less rapidly ?an /ates :]e millions ( doll>s are annually exp5d$ = ! com=ts & conv5i5ces ( ! labor]4 ,m is lo/ 9 production ?an is ga9$ by privation4 ,a univ]sal concomitant ( slav]y is1 t x makes :ite labor disreputable4 ,be+ disreputable1 x is %unn$4 ,! pecuni>y loss result+ f ?is is incalculable4 ,dry up ! myriad headspr+s ( ! ,mississippi1 & :]e w\ld be ! mighty volume ( wat]s :i* n[ be> navies on _! bosom1 & lift ! ocean itself above its level1 by _! outp\r+ flood8 ,aboli% ^? s\rces ( weal?1 :i* consi/ 9 ! p]sonal indu/ry ( e man1 & ( ea* memb] ( e man's family1 & t wide-spread ?rift1 & compet5ce1 & elegance1 :i* are bo? ! rew>d & ! /imulus ( labor1 w be aboli%$ ) !m4 ,=ego ! means1 & y =feit ! end4 ,y mu/ use ! in/rum5t if y w\ld h ! product4 ,no?+ b ! feel+ ( indep5d5ce1 ! consci\s security ( work+ = "o's self & "o's family1 w1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! _w1 make labor pr(itable4 ,i "k x has be5 rec5tly said 9 ?is capital1 & by high au?ority1 t1 ) ! exception ( m5ial s]vices1 x is n disreputable at ! s\? = a :ite man to labor4 ,!re are two ways1 ea* indep5d5t ( ! o!r1 to disprove ?is ass]tion4 ,"o ( !m consi/s 9 ! te/imony ( a ho/ ( intellig5t witnesses acqua9t$ ) ! condition ( ?+s at ! s\?4 ,i might quote page aft] page f v>i\s s\rces2 b1 z ! ass]tion comes f a g5tleman belong+ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mr4 ,,calh\n1 ( ! ,s5ate1 ,i w meet x ) ! /atem5t ( ano!r g5tleman belong+ to ! same /ate4 ,i ref] to ,mr4 ,william ,gregg1 ( ,*>le/on1 a g5tleman :o is ext5sively acqua9t$ ) ! social condition ( m51 bo? nor? & s\?4 ,9 t /ate1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 !re 7 ab\t #aej1jjj free :ites ov] twelve ye>s ( age4 8,( ?is class10 says ,mr4 ,gregg1 8fifty ?\s& are non-produc]s40#c ,i suppose ,s\? ,c>ol9a to be z ?rifty a slave /ate z !re is1 p]haps except+ ,georgia2 yet "h is "o ?ird "p ( ! population1 old en\gh to "w & able to "w1 :o are idle1 & ( c\rse vici\s1--non-produc]s1 b ! wor/ k9d ( consum]s4 ,ano!r answ] to ! above ass]tion is1 t if :ite labor 7 reputable at ! s\?1 & :ite m5 7 indu/ri\s1 ! :ole c\ntry w\ld be a g>d51--a t]re/rial p>adise1--s f> z neatness1 abundance1 & beauty are conc]n$4 ,:]e are ! ,,results ( ?is respect$ & honor$ :ite labor8 ,9 a c\ntry :]e few exp5ses are necess>y to w>d (f ! rigors ( w9t]2 :]e ! ri*e/ /aples ( ! _w are produc$2 :]e cattle & flocks ne$ b little %elt]1 & sometimes none2 if man sup]add$ 8 indu/ry to ! b\nties ( nature1 want w\ld be :olly unkn[n1 compet5ce w\ld give place to opul5ce1 & ! highe/ decorations ( art w\ld m+le ) ! gl[+ beauties ( nature4 ,b he> ,mr4 ,gregg3-- 8,my rec5t visit to ! nor!rn /ates has fully satisfi$ me t ! true secret ( our difficulties lies 9 ! want ( en]gy on ! "p ( our capitali/s1 & ignorance & laz9ess on ! "p ( ^? :o ought to labor4 ,we ne$ nev] look = ?rift :ile we p]mit our imm5se timb] =e/s1 granite qu>ries1 & m9es to lie idle1 & supply ourselves ) hewn granite1 p9e bo>ds1 la?s1 %+les1 c41 furni%$ by ! lazy dogs ( ! nor?4 ,ah6 worse ?an ?is2 we see our back-c\ntry f>m]s1 _m ( :om are too lazy to m5d a brok5 gate1 or repair ! f5ces to protect _! crops f ! neighbor+ /ock1 actually suppli$ ) _! axe1 hoe1 & broom h&les1 pit*=ks1 rakes1 c41 by ! indol5t m\nta9e]s ( ,new ,hamp%ire & ,massa*usetts4 ,! "t 01 :5 e old woman _h h] g\rd1 f :i* ! c\ntry g>d5s 7 suppli$ ) se$4 ,we n[ f9d x m conv5i5t to p]mit ?is duty to devolve on our c>eful fri5ds1 ! ,yankees4 ,ev5 our boat o>s1 & h&spikes = roll+ logs1 are furni%$1 ready-made1 to our h&10 c4 8,ne$ ,i add1 to fur!r exemplify our excessive indol5ce1 t ! ,*>le/on m>ket is suppli$ ) fi% & wild game by nor!rn m51 :o come out "h z regul>ly z ! w9t] comes1 = ?is purpose1 & f our own wat]s & =e/s (t5 realize1 9 ! c\rse ( "o w9t]1 a suffici5cy to pur*ase a small f>m 9 ,new ,engl&40--,essays1 page #h4 ,aga93-- 8,x is only necess>y to travel ov] ! /]ile m\nta9s ( ,connecticut1 ,massa*usetts1 ,v]mont1 & ,new ,hamp%ire1 to le>n ! true secret ( our difficulties10--8to le>n ! diff]5ce betwe5 indol5ce & indu/ry1 extravagance & economy4 ,we !re see ! sc5]y :i* w\ld take ! place ( our unpa9t$ mansions1 dilapidat$ cab9s1 ) mud *imneys1 & no w9d[s1 brok5-d[n rail f5ces1 fields ov]gr[n ) we$s1 & ?r[n away half exhau/$1 to be tak5 up by p9e ?ickets2 beef cattle unprotect$ f ! inclem5cy ( w9t]1 & s poor z b>ely to pres]ve life40--,essays1 page #g4 ,& aga93-- 8,%all we pass unnotic$ ! ?\s&s ( poor1 ignorant1 degrad$ :ite p among u1 :o1 9 ?is l& ( pl5ty1 live 9 comp>ative nak$ness & />vation8 ,_m a "o is re>$ 9 pr\d ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 f bir? to manhood1 :o has nev] pass$ a mon? 9 :i* he has n1 "s "p ( ! "t1 be5 /9t$ = meat4 ,_m a "m is !re :o w tell y t h] *ildr5 are b scantily suppli$ ) bread1 & mu* m scantily ) meat1 & if !y be clad ) com=table raim5t1 x is at ! exp5se ( ^! scanty all[ances ( food4 ,^! may be />tl+ /atem5ts1 b !y are nev]!less true2 & if n believ$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ! memb]s ( our legislature1 :o h trav]s$ ! /ate 9 electione]+ campaigns1 c atte/ _! tru?40--,essays1 page #bb4 ,aft] su* /atem5ts z ^!2 aft] ! te/imony ( hundr$s & hundr$s ( eye-witnesses2 aft] ! pro(s furni%$ by ! aggregates ( products1 publi%$ 9 our ,pat5t ,(fice ,reports1 x is draw+ a little too heavily on our cr$ulity to say t ! :ite man at ! s\? is indu/ri\s4 ,indu/ry manife/s itself by its results1 z ! sun manife/s itself by %9+4 ,b slav]y is ho/ile to ! pecuni>y advancem5t ( ! community 9 ano!r way4 ,! slave mu/ be kept 9 ignorance4 ,he mu/ n be educat$1 le/ ) education %\ld come a k ( 8 natural rights1 & ! means ( escape or ! p[] ( v5geance4 ,to secure ! abolition ( 8 fre$om1 ! gr[? ( 8 m9d mu/ be aboli%$4 ,8 education1 !re=e1 is prohibit$ by /atute "u t]rible p5alties4 ,n[1 a man is weak 9 8 muscles2 he is /rong only 9 8 faculties4 ,9 physical /r5g? h[ mu* sup]ior is an ox or a horse to a man2 9 fleetness1 ! drom$>y or ! eagle4 ,x is ?r\gh m5tal /r5g? only t man becomes ! sup]ior & gov]nor ( all animals4 ,x 0 n ! design ( ,provid5ce t ! "w ( ! _w %\ld be p]=m$ by muscul> /r5g?4 ,god has fill$ ! e>? & imbu$ ! elem5ts ) en]gies ( great] p[] ?an t ( all ! inhabitants ( a ?\s& planets l ours4 ,:5ce come our necess>ies & our luxuries8--^? com=ts & appliances t make ! diff]5ce betwe5 a h\seless1 w&]+ tribe ( ,indians 9 ! f> we/1 & a ,new ,engl& village4 ,!y d n come :olly or pr9cipally f ! orig9al1 unassi/$ /r5g? ( ! human arm1 b f ! employm5t1 ?r\gh intellig5ce & skill1 ( ^? great natural =ces ) :i* ! b\ntiful ,creator has fill$ e "p ( ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,caloric1 gravitation1 expansibility1 compressibility1 electricity1 *emical aff9ities & repulsions1 spontane\s velocities1--^! are ! mighty ag5ts :i* ! intellect ( man h>nesses to ! c> ( improvem5t4 ,! application ( wat]1 & w9d1 & /eam1 to ! propulsion ( ma*9]y1 & to ! transportation ( m5 & m]*&ise f place to place1 has add$ t5 ?\s& fold to ! actual products ( human indu/ry4 ,h[ small ! :eel :i* ! /\te/ labor] c turn1 & h[ soon w he be we>y6 ,comp>e ?is ) a :eel driv+ a ?\s& sp9dles or looms1 :i* a /ream ( wat] c turn1 & nev] tire4 ,a locomotive w take five hundr$ m51 & be> !m on _! j\rney hundr$s ( miles 9 a day4 ,look at ^! same five hundr$ m51 />t+ f ! same po9t1 & attempt+ ! same di/ance1 ) all ! p$e/rian's or ! eque/rian's toil & t>d9ess4 ,! cotton mills ( ,massa*usetts w turn out m clo?1 9 "o day1 ?an c\ld h be5 manufactur$ by all ! inhabitants ( ! ea/]n cont95t dur+ ! t5? c5tury4 ,on an elem5t :i*1 9 anci5t times1 0 suppos$ to be exclusively )9 ! control ( ! gods1 & :]e x 0 deem$ impi\s = human p[] to intrude1 ev5 !re ! gigantic =ces ( nature1 :i* human sci5ce & skill h enli/$ 9 _! s]vice1 confront & ov]come ! rag+ ( ! elem5ts1--brea/+ tempe/s & tides1 escap+ reefs & lee %ores1 & c>e]+ triumphant ar\nd ! globe4 ,! velocity ( w9ds1 ! weight ( wat]s1 & ! rage ( /eam1 are p[]s1 ea* "o ( :i* is inf9itely /rong] ?an all ! /r5g? ( all ! nations & races ( mank9d1 7 x all ga!r$ into a s+le arm4 ,& all ^! en]gies are giv5 u on "o condition1--! condition ( intellig5ce1 t is1 ( education4 ,_h ,god int5d$ t ! "w ( ! _w %\ld be done by human bones & s9ews1 he w\ld h giv5 u an arm z solid & /rong z ! %aft ( a /eam eng9e2 & enabl$ u to /&1 day & night1 & turn ! crank ( a /eam%ip :ile sail+ to ,liv]pool or ,calcutta4 ,_h ,god design$ ! human muscles to d ! "w ( ! _w1 !n1 in/ead ( ! +r$i5ts ( gunp[d] or gun cotton1 & ! expansive =ce ( heat1 he w\ld h giv5 u h&s :i* c\ld take a granite qu>ry & break its solid acres into suitable & symmetrical blocks1 z easily z we n[ op5 an orange4 ,_h he int5d$ u = be>+ burd5s1 he w\ld h giv5 u ,atlantean %\ld]s1 by :i* we c\ld c>ry ! va/ freights ( rail-c> & /eam%ip1 z a port] c>ries 8 pack4 ,he w\ld h giv5 u lungs by :i* we c\ld bl[ fleets be=e u1 & w+s to sweep ov] ocean wa/es4 ,b1 in/ead ( iron arms1 & ,atlantean %\ld]s1 & ! lungs ( ,boreas1 he has giv5 u a m9d1 a s\l1 a capacity ( acquir+ k1 & ?us ( appropriat+ all ^! en]gies ( nature to our own use4 ,in/ead ( a telescopic & microscopic eye1 he has giv5 u p[] to inv5t ! telescope & ! microscope4 ,in/ead ( t5 ?\s& f+]s1 he has giv5 u g5ius inv5tive ( ! p[] loom & ! pr9t+ press4 ,)\t a cultivat$ intellect1 man is among ! weake/ ( all ! dynamical =ces ( nature2 ) a cultivat$ intellect1 he comm&s !m all4 ,& n[1 :at does ! slave mak] d8 ,he aboli%es ?is mighty p[] ( ! intellect1 & uses only ! weak1 degrad$1 & half-animat$ =ces ( ! human limbs4 ,a ?\s& slaves may /& by a riv]1 & to !m x is only an object ( fe> or ( sup]/ition4 ,an educat$ man surpasses ! anci5t idea ( a riv] god2 he /&s by ! ,p5obscot1 ! ,k5nebec1 ! ,m]rimack1 or ! ,connecticut2 he comm&s ea* ( !m to d m "w ?an c\ld be p]=m$ by a hundr$ ?\s& m51--to saw timb]1 to make clo?1 to gr9d corn1--& !y obey4 ,ignorant slaves /& ^u a coal m9e1 & to !m x is only a wor?less "p ( ! inanimate e>?4 ,an educat$ man uses ! same m9e to pr9t a million ( books4 ,slaves w seek to obta9 ! same crop f ! same field1 ye> aft] ye>1 ?\gh ! pabulum ( t crop is exhau/$2 ! educat$ man1 ) 8 *emi/'s eye1 sees n only ! m9ute/ atoms ( e>?1 b ! impond]able gases t p]meate x1 & he is rew>d$ ) an unbrok5 succession ( luxuriant h>ve/s4 ,nor are ^! advantages conf9$ to ^? dep>tm5ts ( nature :]e h] mightie/ =ces are br\ght into requisition4 ,9 accompli%+ :atev] requires delicacy & precision1 nature is z mu* m p]fect ?an man z %e is m p[]ful 9 :atev] requires /r5g?4 ,:e!r 9 great or 9 small op]ations1 all ! improvem5ts 9 ! me*anical & ! useful arts come z directly f intellig5ce z a bird comes out ( a %ell1 or ! beautiful colors ( a fl[] out ( sun%9e4 ,! slave work] is =ev] pry+ at ! %ort end ( ,nature's lev]1 & us+ ! back in/ead ( ! edge ( h] f9e/ in/rum5ts4 ,sir1 ! mo/ abundant pro( exi/s1 d]iv$ f all dep>tm5ts ( human indu/ry1 t un$ucat$ labor is comp>atively unpr(itable labor4 ,i h be=e me ! /atem5ts ( a numb] ( ! mo/ intellig5t g5tlem5 ( ,massa*usetts1 affirm+ ?is fact z ! result ( an exp]i5ce ext5d+ ov] _m ye>s4 ,9 ,massa*usetts we h no native-born *ild :olly )\t s*ool in/ruction2 b ! degrees ( atta9m5t1 ( m5tal developm5t1 are v>i\s4 ,half a doz5 ye>s ago1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bo>d ( ,education obta9$ /atem5ts f l>ge numb]s ( our ma/] manufactur]s1 au!nticat$ f ! books ( _! respective e/abli%m5ts1 & cov]+ a s]ies ( ye>s1 ! result ( :i* 01 t increas$ wages 7 f\nd 9 connection ) increas$ intellig5ce1 j z c]ta9ly z increas$ heat raises ! m]cury 9 ! !rmomet]4 ,=eign]s1 & ^? com+ f o!r /ates1 :o made _! m>ks :5 !y receipt$ _! bills1 e>n$ ! lea/2 ^? :o _h a mod]ate or limit$ education occupi$ a middle gr\nd on ! pay-roll2 :ile ! intellig5t "y wom5 :o work$ 9 ! mills 9 w9t]1 & taught s*ools 9 summ]1 cr[n$ ! li/4 ,! l>g] capital1 9 ! =m ( intellig5ce1 yield$ ! l>g] int]e/ 9 ! =m ( wages4 ,?is inquiry 0 n conf9$ to manufactures1 b 0 ext5d$ to o!r dep>tm5ts ( bus9ess1 :]e ! results ( labor c\ld be made ! subject ( exact measurem5t4 ,?is is univ]sally s4 ,! me*anic sees x1 :5 he comp>es ! "w ( a /upid ) t ( an awak5$ m9d4 ,! travell] sees x1 :5 he passes f an educat$ into an un$ucat$ nation4 ,sir1 ,i h se5 c\ntries 9 ,europe1 ly+ side by side1 :]e1 )\t compass or *>t1 )\t b\nd or l&m>k1 ,i c\ld run ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! two1 by ! broad1 legible *>act]s :i* ignorance has writt5 on roads1 fields1 h\ses1 & ! p]sons ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 on "o side1 & :i* k has inscrib$ on ! o!r4 ,?is diff]5ce is mo/ /rik+ 9 ! me*anic arts1 b x is cle>ly visible also 9 husb&ry4 ,n ! mo/ f]tile soil1 n m9es ( silv] & gold1 c make a nation ri*1 )\t intellig5ce4 ,:o ev] _h a m f]tile soil ?an ! ,egyptians8 ,:o h h&l$ m silv] & gold ?an ! ,spani>ds8 ,! univ]sal cultivation ( ! m9d & he>t is ! only true s\rce ( opul5ce2--! cultivation ( ! m9d1 by :i* to lay hold on ! treasures ( nature2 ! cultivation ( ! he>t1 by :i* to devote ^? treasures to b5efic5t uses4 ,:]e ?is cultivation exi/s1 no matt] h[ b>r5 ! soil or ung5ial ! clime1 !re com=t & compet5ce w ab\nd2 = x is ! intellectual & moral condition ( ! cultivator t impov]i%es ! soil or makes x teem ) abundance4 ,he :o disobeys ! law ( ,god 9 reg>d to ! culture ( ! intellectual & spiritual nature1 may live 9 ! valley ( ! ,nile1 b he c re> only ! 8lean k9e0 ( ,ph>aoh2 b he :o obeys ! highe/ law may dwell 9 ! cold & inhospitable regions ( ,scotl& or ( ,new ,engl&1 & 8well-=m$ & fat-fle%$ k9e0 %all fe$ on all 8 mead[s4 ,if ,ph>aoh w be a taskma/]1 & w n let ! bondm5 g free1 ! corn 9 8 field %all be ! 8sev5 ?9 e>s bla/$ by ! ea/ w9d20 b if he w obey ! comm&m5ts ( ! ,"l1 !n behold !re %all be 8sev5 e>s ( corn ^u "o /alk1 all rank & good40 ,sir1 ! sweat ( a slave poisons ! soil ^u :i* x falls2 8 brea? is mildew to e gre5 ?+2 8 te> )]s ! v]dure x drops ^u4 ,b slav]y makes ! g5]al education ( ! :ites impossible4 ,y _c h g5]al education )\t ,common ,s*ools4 ,common ,s*ools _c exi/ :]e ! population is sp>se4 ,:]e slaves till ! soil1 or d ! pr9cipal "p ( :atev] "w is done1 ! free population mu/ be sp>se4 ,slav]y1 !n1 by an inexorable law1 d5ies g5]al education to ! :ites4 ,! provid5ce ( ,god is j & retributive4 ,create a s]f ca/e1 & deb> !m f education1 & y necess>ily deb> a great portion ( ! privileg$ class f education also4 ,x is impossible1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 or 9 any /ate ( ?+s :i* c be =ese51 to h free & univ]sal education 9 a slave /ate4 ,! difficulty is insurm\ntable4 ,= a well-organiz$ sy/em ( ,common ,s*ools1 !re %\ld be two hundr$ *ildr51 at lea/1 liv+ 9 su* proximity to ea* o!r t ! olde/ ( !m c come toge!r to a c5tral s*ool4 ,x is n en\gh to ga!r f )9 a circle ( half a doz5 miles' diamet] fifty or sixty *ildr5 = a s+le s*ool4 ,?is br+s all ages & all /udies into ! same room4 ,a good sy/em requires a sep>ation ( s*ool *ildr5 into f\r1 or at lea/ into ?ree1 classes1 accord+ to ages & atta9m5ts4 ,)\t ?is gradation1 a s*ool is b]eft ( m ?an half its effici5cy4 ,n[1 ?is c nev] be done 9 an agricultural community :]e !re are two classes ( m5--"o to d all ! "w1 & ! o!r to seize all ! pr(its4 ,) ,new ,engl& habits ( indu/ry1 & ) t div]sifi$ labor :i* w\ld be sure to spr+ f intellig5ce1 ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 :i* skirts u "h on ! s\?1 w\ld support all ! population ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates1 & fill !m ) abundance4 ,mr4 ,,bayly4 ,we h z great a population z ,new ,engl& n[4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,z great a population z ,new ,engl&66 ,mr4 ,,bayly4 ,we s5d fifte5 repres5tatives4 ,a voice4 ,& h[ _m ( !m repres5t slaves8 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,massa*usetts alone s5ds t5 repres5tatives4 ,a voice4 ,& ! re/ ( ,new ,engl& tw5ty-"o m4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,i say1 sir1 ! s+le ,/ate ( ,virg9ia c\ld support 9 abundance ! :ole population ( ,new ,engl&4 ,) su* a free population1 ! s*ool *ildr5 w\ld be s num]\s t public s*ools might be op5$ )9 ?ree or f\r miles ( ea* o!r all ov] its t]ritory1--! light ( ea* ( :i*1 bl5d+ ) its neighbor+ lights1 w\ld illum9e ! :ole l&4 ,!y w\ld be s*ools1 too1 9 po9t ( *eapness1 )9 e man's means4 ,! degrad+ idea ( paup] s*ools w\ld be disc>d$ =ev]4 ,b :at is ! condition ( ,virg9ia n[8 ,"o qu>t] "p ( all its adult free :ite population are unable to read or write1 & 7 proclaim$ to be s by a late gov]nor1 9 8 annual message1 )\t produc+ any re=m4 ,_! rem$y is to *oose a gov]nor :o w n proclaim su* a fact4 ,:5 has ,virg9ia1 9 any /ate or national election1 giv5 a majority equal to ! numb] ( its vot]s unable to read or write8 ,a republican gov]nm5t support$ by ! two pill>s ( ,slav]y & ,ignorance6 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a !re is also a fund = ! support ( paup] s*ools2 b ?is _h become s useless1 & 0 s disda9$ by its objects1 t a late gov]nor ( ! /ate1 9 8 annual message1 recomm5d$ t x %\ld be )drawn f !m altoge!r4 ,yet 9 _m ( ! slave /ates !re are beautiful pap] sy/ems ( ,common ,s*ools1--dead laws 9 ! /atute books1--& ! c5sus tells u h[ pr(itless !y h be54 ,9 #ahdj1 9 ! fifte5 slave /ates & t]ritories1 !re 7 only #bja1jhe s*ol>s at ! prim>y s*ools4 ,9 ! same class ( s*ools 9 ! free /ates1 !re 7 #a1fbf1jbh1--;eight times z _m4 ,new ,york alone _h #ejb1cfg1 or two & a half times z _m4 ,! s*ol>s 9 ! prim>y s*ools ( ,ohio alone1 outnumb]$ all ^? 9 ! fifte5 slave /ates & t]ritories by m ?an #ag1jjj4 ,9 ! slave /ates1 almo/ "o t5? "p ( ! free :ite population ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age are unable to read & write4 ,9 ! free /ates1 less ?an "o 9 "o hundr$ & fifty2 & at lea/ f\r fif?s ( ^! are =eign]s1 :o ought n to be includ$ 9 ! computation4 ,_m ( ! slave /ates1 too1 h munific5t s*ool funds4 ,k5tucky has "o ( m ?an a million ( doll>s2 ,t5nessee1 ( two millions2 yet1 9 #ahcg1 ,gov]nor ,cl>ke1 ( ,k5tucky1 decl>$1 9 8 message to ! legislature1 t 8"o ?ird ( ! adult population 7 unable to write _! names20 & 9 ! ,/ate ( ,t5nessee1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 !re 7 #eh1eca ( ! same description ( p]sons4 ,surely x w\ld take m ?an five ( ^! to make ?ree freem52 = ! m a /ate has ( !m1 ! less ( intellig5t fre$om w !re be 9 x4 ,& if ! s*ools 9 ! slave /ates are comp>$ ) ! s*ools 9 ! free /ates1 ! defici5cy 9 quality w be f\nd z great z ! defici5cy 9 numb]4 ,sir1 dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s ,i h _h a mo/ ext5sive correspond5ce ) ! intellig5t fri5ds ( education 9 ! slave /ates4 ,!y ye>n = progress1 b !y _c obta9 x4 ,!y procure laws to be pass$1 b !re is no "o to execute !m4 ,!y set =? ! b5efits & ! bless+s ( education2 b !y speak 9 a vacuum1 & no "o he>s ! appeal4 ,if a p>5t wi%es to educate 8 *ildr51 he mu/ s5d !m f home1 & ?us suff] a sort ( b]eavem5t1 ev5 :ile !y live2 or he mu/ employ a tutor or gov]ness 9 8 family1 :i* few are able to d4 ,! ri* may d x1 b :at becomes ( ! *ildr5 ( ! poor8 ,9 cities ! ob/acles are less2 b ! numb] ( p]sons resid5t 9 cities is relatively small4 ,all ?is is ! inevitable consequ5ce ( slav]y2 & x is z impossible = free1 ?or\gh1 univ]sal education to coxi/ ) slav]y z = two bodies to occupy ! same space at ! same "t4 ,slav]y w\ld aboli% education1 if x %\ld invade a free /ate2 education w\ld aboli% slav]y1 if x c\ld invade a slave /ate4 ,de/roy+ common education1 slav]y de/roys ! fruits ( common education1--! inv5tive m9d1 practical tal5t1 ! p[] ( adapt+ means to ends 9 ! bus9ess ( life4 ,:5ce h come all ^? me*anical & sci5tific improvem5ts & inv5tions :i* h enri*$ ! _w ) s _m com=ts1 & adorn$ x ) s _m beauties2 :i* to-day give enjoym5ts & luxuries to a common family 9 a ,new ,engl& village1 t nei!r ,que5 ,elizabe? ( ,engl& nor any ( h] pr\d c\rt ev] dream$ (1 b a little m ?an two c5turies ago8 ,among :om h ^! improvem5ts orig9at$8 ,all hi/ory & exp]i5ce affirm t !y h come1 & mu/ come1 f p among :om education is mo/ g5]\s & unconf9$4 ,increase ! con/itu5cy1 if ,i may s speak1 ( develop$ intellect1 & y increase 9 an equal ratio ! *ances ( inv5tive1 creative g5ius4 ,f :at "p ( our own c\ntry has come ! application ( /eam to ! propulsion ( boats = comm]cial purposes1 or ( :eels = manufactur+ purposes8 ,:]e h ! v>i\s & almo/ inf9ite improvem5ts be5 made :i* h result$ 9 ! pres5t p]fection ( cotton & wooll5 ma*9]y8 ,:5ce came ! inv5tion ( ! cotton-g91 & ! great improvem5ts 9 railroads8 ,:]e 0 born ! mighty g5ius :o inv5t$ ! fir/ lightn+ rod1 :i* s5ds ! electric fluid h>mless into ! e>?2 or t o!r g5ius1 n less b5efic5t1 :o inv5t$ ! second lightn+ rod1 :i* s5ds ! same fluid f city to city on messages ( bus9ess or ( affection8 ,sir1 ^! are results :i* y c no m h )\t common education1 )\t imbu+ ! public m9d ) ! elem5ts ( k1 ?an y c h corn )\t plant+1 or h>ve/s )\t sun%9e4 ,look into ! ,pat5t ,(fice reports1 & see 9 :at sections ( c\ntry me*anical improvem5ts & ! application ( sci5ce to ! useful arts h orig9at$4 ,out ( five hundr$ & sev5ty-two pat5ts issu$ 9 #ahdg1 only sixty-six w5t to ! slave /ates4 ,! pat5ts annually issu$1 x is true1 are a m+l$ heap ( *aff & :eat1 b "s ( x is :eat wor?y ( ,olympus4 ,i ?9k ! ,pat5t ,(fice reports %[ t at lea/ six or eight times z _m pat5ts h be5 tak5 out = ! nor? z = ! s\?4 ,:at improvem5ts w a slave ev] make 9 agricultural implem5ts2 9 ! manufacture ( metals2 9 prep>+ wool1 cotton1 silk1 fur1 or pap]2 9 *emical processes2 9 ! application ( /eam2 9 philosophical1 nautical1 or optical in/rum5ts2 9 civil eng9e]+1 ar*itecture1 ! con/ruction ( roads1 canals1 :>ves1 bridges1 docks1 pi]s1 c42 9 hydraulics or pneumatics2 9 ! application ( ! me*anical p[]s2 9 h\sehold furniture1 or we>+ app>el2 9 pr9t+1 b9d+1 engrav+1 c41 c48 ,?is "q1 :5 put 9 ref]5ce to slaves1 appe>s ridicul\s2 & yet x is no m absurd1 :5 ask$ 9 ref]5ce to an ignorant slave1 ?an :5 ask$ 9 ref]5ce to an un$ucat$ :ite man4 ,! fact t ! latt] is a vot] makes no diff]5ce1 not)/&+ ! common op9ion1 9 c]ta9 latitudes1 t x does4 ,all su* improvem5ts come f m9ds :i* h _h an e>ly awak5+1 & be5 put on sci5tific tra9s ( ?\ght 9 _! *ildhood & y\?1--a ?+ utt]ly impossible = ! p at l>ge1 )\t ,common ,s*ools4 ,^! are causes2 n[ look at effects4 ,9 ! ,new ,engl& /ates1 ! iron manufacture is tw5ty times z mu*1 accord+ to ! population1 z x is 9 ,virg9ia2 & yet ,virg9ia has f> m ( ! ore ?an !y4 ,9 cotton1 we c h>dly f9d a fraction l[ en\gh to express ! diff]5ce4 ,! %ip-build+ 9 ,ma9e & ,massa*usetts is ?irty-five times z mu* z 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! nor? comes to ! s\?1 cuts _! timb]1 c>ries x home1 manufactures x1 & !n br+s x back1 wr\ght into a hundr$ diff]5t =ms1 to be sold to ^? :o w\ld see x rot be=e _! eyes4 ,c any man give a reason :y ,norfolk %\ld n h gr[n l ,new ,york1 o!r ?an ! diff]5ce 9 ! in/itutions ( ! p8 ,jame/[n 0 settl$ be=e ,plym\?1 & _h natural advantages sup]ior to x4 ,plym\? n[ has a population ( betwe5 sev5 & eight ?\s&1 is wor? two millions ( doll>s1 & tax$ itself la/ ye>1 = s*ools & s*oolh\ses1 m ?an sev5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,i ought r to say1 t x inve/$ m ?an sev5 ?\s& doll>s 9 a k9d ( /ock t yields a hundr$ p] c5t4 income4 ,h[ _m bats !re may be 9 ! ru9s ( ,jame/[n1 ! la/ c5sus does n in=m u4 ,! books pr9t$ at ! s\? ,i suppose n to be equal to "o fiftie? "p ( ! numb] pr9t$ at ! nor?4 ,9 maps1 *>ts1 engrav+s1 & s =?1 ! elem5ts ( comp>ison exi/ only on "o side4 ,out ( univ]sal education come g5ius1 skill1 & ent]prise1 & ! desire ( bett]+ "o's condition4 ,indu/ry & frugality are _! concomitants4 ,div]sifi$ labor secures a home m>ket4 ,dilig5ce e>ns mu*1 b ! abs5ce ( ! vices ( indol5ce saves m4 ,h5ce com=ts ab\nd1 :ile capital accumulates4 ,aft] ! home consumption is suppli$1 !re is a surplus = export4 ,! balance ( trade is favorable4 ,all ! high] in/itutions ( le>n+ & religion c be lib]ally support$4 ,^! in/itutions imp>t an elevat$ & moral tone to society4 ,h5ce ef=ts = all k9ds ( social ameliorations4 ,temp]ance societies spr+ up4 ,societies = prev5t+ crime2 = sav+ f paup]ism2 = ! re=m ( prisons & ! re=mation ( prison]s2 = peace2 = s5d+ mission>ies to ! hea!n2 = diffus+ ! gospel1--all ^!1 :]e a s\nd education is giv51 gr[ up1 9 ! ord] ( ,provid5ce1 z an oak gr[s out ( an acorn4 ,9 "o ?+ ! s\? has excell$1--9 tra9+ /atesm54 ,! prim>y & ! ultimate effects ( slav]y ^u ?is fact are s well set =? 9 a late s]mon by ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 ( ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 t ,i w read a passage f x3-- 8,& "h1 s9ce ?is in/itution ( slav]y1 ent]+ into ! =tunes ( our hi/ory1 complicates 9 s _m ways ! disord]s we suff]1 ,i mu/ pause a few mom5ts to sket* its *>act]i/ics4 ,slav]y1 x is n to be d5i$1 is an ess5tially b>b>\s in/itution4 ,x gives u1 too1 t sign :i* is ! p]petual di/9ction ( b>b>ism1 t x has no law ( progress4 ,! highe/ level x rea*es is ! level at :i* x beg9s4 ,inde$1 we ne$ n scruple to all[ t x has yield$ u "o consid]able advantage1 9 virtue ( ! fact t x produces its be/ condition fir/4 ,= :ile ! nor!rn p 7 g5]ally delv+ 9 labor1 = _m g5]ations1 to create a condition ( com=t1 slav]y set ! ma/]s at once on a foot+ ( ease1 gave !m leisure = elegant int]c\rse1 = unpr(essional /udies1 & season$ _! "* ?us ) t k9d ( cultivation :i* di/+ui%es m5 ( society4 ,a class ( /atesm5 7 ?us rais$ up1 :o 7 prep>$ to figure z lead]s 9 sc5es ( public life1 :]e s mu* dep5ds on mann]s & social address4 ,b n[ ! scale is *ang+4 ,free labor is ris+1 at l5g?1 into a /ate ( weal? & com=t1 to take ! lead ( ,am]ican society4 ,mean:ile1 ! fo/]-sons ( slav]y1--! high families1 ! /atesm51--gradually rec$+ 9 "*1 z !y mu/ "u ?is vici\s in/itution1 are rec$+ also 9 p[] & influ5ce1 & h be5 ev] s9ce ! revolution4 ,slav]y is a condition aga9/ nature2 ! curse ( nature1 !re=e1 is on x1 & x b[s to its doom by a law z irresi/ible z gravity4 ,x produces a condition ( ease :i* is n ! rew>d ( labor1 & a /ate ( degradation :i* is n ! curse ( idl5ess4 ,!re=e1 ! ease x enjoys _c b end 9 a curse1 & ! degradation x suff]s _c rise into a bless+4 ,x n\ri%es imp]i\s & viol5t passions4 ,x makes ! ma/]s solit>y %eiks on _! e/ates1 =bidd+ ?us ! possibility ( public s*ools1 & prev5t+ also t cond5s$ =m ( society :i* is necess>y to ! vigor\s ma9t5ance ( *ur*es4 ,education & religion ?us displac$1 ! d9n] table only rema9s1 & on ?is hangs1 9 great "p1 ! keep+ ( ! social /ate4 ,b h[ev] highly we may e/imate ! humaniz+ p[] ( hospitality1 x _c be reg>d$ z any suffici5t spr+ ( "*4 ,x is nei!r a s*ool nor a gospel4 ,& :5 x comes ( self-indulg5ce1 or only seeks relief = ! t$ium ( an idle life1 sc>cely does x br+ ) x ! bless+s ( a virtue4 ,! accompli%m5ts x yields are ( a mock quality1 r ?an ( a real1 hav+ ab\t ! same relation to a sub/antial & f9i%$ culture t honor has to "*4 ,?is k9d ( curr5cy w pass no long]2 =1 x is n exp5se )\t com=t1 or spl5dor set 9 disord]1 z diamonds 9 pewt]2 x is n air 9 place ( elegance1 or assurance sub/itut$ = ease2 nei!r is x to be ma/] ( a flu5t spee*1 or to g>ni% ! same ) /ale quotations f ! classics2 mu* less is x to live 9 ! ,don ,juan ve91 accept+ b>b>ism by poetic inspiration1--! same by :i* a late noble poet1 draw+ out ( ,turks & pirates1 became ! *os5 laureate ( slav]y1--n any or all ( ^! c make up su* a /yle ( man1 or ( life1 z we 9 ?is age dem&4 ,we h come up n[ to a po9t :]e we look = true intellectual ref9em5t1 & a ripe /ate ( p]sonal culture4 ,b h[ cle>ly is x se5 to be a violation ( its own laws1 = slav]y to produce a g5u9e s*ol>1 or a man :o1 9 any dep>tm5t ( excell5ce1 unless x be 9 politics1 is n a full c5tury beh9d 8 "t8 ,& if we ask = :at is de>] & bett] /ill1 = a pure ,*ri/ian morality1 ! y\? ( slav]y are tra9$ 9 no su* habits z are mo/ cong5ial to virtue4 ,! po9t ( honor is ! only pr9ciple _m ( !m "k4 ,viol5ce & dissipation br+ d[n e succe$+ g5]ation to a /ate cont9ually l[]2 s t n[1 aft] a hundr$ & fifty ye>s are pass$1 ! slavehold+ t]ritory may be describ$ z a va/ mission>y gr\nd1 & "o s uncom=table to ! fai?ful m9i/ry ( ,*ri/1 by reason ( its jeal\s temp]s1 & ! kn[n repugnance x has to _m ( ! fir/ maxims ( ! gospel1 t sc>cely a mission>y c be f\nd to ent] x4 ,connect$ ) ?is moral decay1 ! res\rces ( nature also are exhau/$1 & h] f]tile t]ritories *ang$ to a des]t1 by ! uncreat+ p[] ( a sp5d?rift in/itution4 ,& !n1 hav+ made a wa/e :]e ,god _h made a g>d51 slav]y ga!rs up ! relics ( bankruptcy1 & ! bas] relics /ill ( virtue & all manly ent]prise1 & goes =? to r5ew1 on a virg9 soil1 its dismal & =lorn hi/ory4 ,?us1 at l5g?1 has be5 produc$ :at may be call$ ! b[ie-knife /yle ( civilization1 & ! new we/ ( ! s\? is ov]run by x1--a _s ( blood :i* defies all laws ( ,god & man2--honorable1 b n hone/2 prompt to res5t an injury1 slack to dis*>ge a debt2 educat$ to ease1 & readi]1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! means ( liv+ fail1 to f9d !m at ! gambl+ table or ! race-gr\nd1 ?an 9 any "w ( indu/ry1--probably squ&]+ ! means ( liv+ !re1 to relieve ! t$ium ( ease itself40 ,! free s*ools ( ! nor? lead to ! common diffusion ( k1 & ! equalization ( society4 ,! private s*ools ( ! s\? divide m5 into patricians & plebeians2 s t1 9 ! latt]1 a nuisance gr[s out ( education itself4 ,9 ! public s*ools ( ,new ,york !re are libr>ies n[ am\nt+ to m ?an a million ( volumes4 ,9 ! s*ools ( ,massa*usetts ! numb] ( volumes is relatively less2 b ! quality is greatly sup]ior4 ,9 ea* ( ^! /ates1 )9 half an h\r's walk ( ! poore/ f>m-h\se or me*anic's %op1 !re is a libr>y1 free & op5 to e *ild1 conta9+ works ( hi/ory1 biography1 travels1 e?ics1 natural sci5ce1 c41 c41 :i* w supply him ) ! noble/ capital ( intellig5ce1 :]e) to comm5ce ! bus9ess ( mak+ himself a useful & intellig5t citiz54 ,) ! exception ( ,new ,orleans1 7^: free s*ools 7 comm5c$ & h be5 presid$ ov] by a ,massa*usetts man17 & ?ree or f\r o!r cities1 all ! libr>ies 9 ! public s*ools ( ! slave /ates c\ld be c>ri$ 9 a s*oolboy's sat*el4 ,! libr>ies ( all ! univ]sities & colleges ( ! s\? conta9 #bbc1daf volumes2 ^? ( ! nor?1 #eic1hig volumes4 ,! libr>ies ( s\!rn !ological s*ools1 #bb1hjj2 ^? ( nor!rn1 #ajb1jhj4 ,look into ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 or ! volumes ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 & inquire :5ce ! communications came4 ,:]e live ! hi/orians ( ! c\ntry1 ,sp>ks1 ,prescott1 ,bancr(t2 ! poets1 ,:itti]1 ,bryant1 ,longfell[1 ,l[ell2 ! juri/s1 ,/ory1 ,k5t1 ,:eaton2 ! classic models ( writ+1 ,*>m+1 ,ev]ett1 ,irv+2 ! female writ]s1 ,miss ,s$gwick1 ,mrs4 ,sig\rney1 & ,mrs4 ,*ild8 ,all ?is proce$s f no sup]iority ( natural end[m5t on ! "o side1 or inf]iority on ! o!r4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates are all )9 :at may be call$ 8! latitudes ( g5ius20 = !re is a small belt ar\nd ! globe1 compris+ b a few degrees ( latitude1 :i* has produc$ all ! di/+ui%$ m5 :o h ev] liv$4 ,i say ?is diff]5ce results f no diff]5ce 9 natural end[m5t4 ,! m5tal end[m5ts at ! s\? are equal to ^? 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,b x comes because1 9 "o qu>t]1 ! common atmosph]e is vivifi$ ) k1 electric ) ideas1 :ile slav]y ga!rs its ,botian fogs ov] ! o!r4 ,:at ,we/ ,po9t has be5 to our armies 9 ,mexico1 t1 & m ?an t1 good s*ools w\ld be to ! intellig5ce & indu/rial prosp]ity ( our c\ntry4 ,x may seem a little out ( place1 b ,i _c =be> "h adv]t+ to "o po9t1 :i*1 z a lov] ( *ildr5 & z a p>5t1 t\*es me m deeply ?an any o!r4 ,to :om are intru/$1 at ! s\?1 ! e>ly c>e & nurture ( *ildr58 ,x has be5 ?\ght by _m educators & metaphysicians1 t *ildr5 le>n z mu* be=e ! age ( sev5 ye>s z ev] aft]w>ds4 ,:o1 at ! s\?1 adm9i/]s ?is e>ly k1--^! ideas1 ^! views1 t h su* sov]eign efficacy 9 ! =mation ( adult "*8 ,:o has ! cu/ody ( *ildr5 dur+ ?is ductile1 =m+1 receptive p]iod ( life1--a p]iod :5 ! m9d absorbs :atev] is br\ght into contact ) x8 ,sir1 ! *ildr5 ( ! s\?1 m or less1 & g5]ally m1 are t5d$ & nurtur$ by slaves4 ,ignorance1 sup]/ition1 vulg>ity1 passion1 & p]haps impurity1 are ! brea/s at :i* !y nurse4 ,:atev] afflictions ,god may see fit to br+ ^u me1 :atev] o!r m]cies ,he may )hold1 may ,he give me none b p]sons ( intellig5ce1 ( ref9em5t1 & ( moral excell5ce1 to walk ) my *ildr5 dur+ ! imitative ye>s ( _! exi/5ce1 & to lead !m 9 ! pa?s ( k1 & brea! into _! he>ts ! brea? ( a moral & religi\s life4 ,be=e consid]+ ! moral "* ( slav]y1 ,i wi% to adv]t = a mom5t to ! position :i* we occupy z "o ( ! nations ( ! e>?1 9 ?is advanc+ p]iod ( ! _w's civilization4 ,nations1 l individuals1 h a "*4 ,! date ( ! latt] is c\nt$ by ye>s2 t ( ! =m]1 by c5turies4 ,no man c h any self-respect1 :o is n solicit\s ab\t 8 po/hum\s reputation4 ,no man c be a patriot :o feels nei!r joy nor %ame at ! idea ( ! honor or ! infamy :i* 8 age & 8 c\ntry %all leave beh9d !m4 ,nations1 l individuals1 h *>act]i/ic objects ( ambition4 ,greece covet$ ! arts2 ,rome glori$ 9 w>2 b lib]ty has be5 ! goddess ( our idolatry4 ,amid ! /orms ( fre$om 7 we cradl$2 9 ! /ruggles ( fre$om h our jo9ts be5 knit2 on ! ri* alim5t ( fre$om h we gr[n to our pres5t /ature4 ,) a some:at too boa/ful _s1 p]haps1 h we *all5g$ ! admiration ( ! _w = our devotion to lib]ty2 b an en?usiasm = ! rights ( man is s holy a passion1 t ev5 its excesses are n devoid ( ! beautiful4 ,we h n only won fre$om = ourselves1 b we h taught its sacr$ lessons to o!rs4 ,! %\t ( 8,dea? to tyrants1 & fre$om = man60 :i* peal$ ?r\gh ?is c\ntry sev5ty ye>s ago1 has at l5g? rea*$ across ! ,atlantic2 & :oev] has giv5 an att5tive e> to ! s\nds :i* h come back to u1 )9 ! la/ few mon?s1 f ! ,european _w1 _c h fail$ to p]ceive t !y 7 only ! f>-travell$ e*oes ( ! ,am]ican ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,b 9 ! div9e face ( our lib]ty !re has be5 "o f\l1 demoniac feature4 ,:5ev] h] vot>ies w\ld approa* h] to wor%ip1 !y h be5 fa9 to draw a veil ov] "o "p ( h] visage1 to conceal its hide\sness4 ,:5ce came ?is de=mity on h] o!rwise fair & cele/ial c\nt5ance8 ,sad is ! /ory1 b x mu/ be told4 ,h] "m 0 a vampire4 ,z ! daught] lay helpless 9 h] arms1 ! beldam tore op5 h] liv+ fle%1 & fea/$ ^u h] lifeblood4 ,h5ce ?is unsightly w\nd1 t affrights :oev] beholds x4 ,b1 sir1 ,i mu/ leave dally+ ) ^! ambigu\s metaphors4 ,"o wants ! pla91 s9ewy1 ,saxon tongue to tell ( de$s t %\ld h %am$ devils4 ,great ,brita9 0 ! "m4 ,h] ,am]ican colonies 7 ! daught]4 ,! "m lu/$ = gold4 ,to get x1 %e made p>tn]%ip ) robb]y & dea?4 ,%ackles1 *a9s1 & weapons = human but*]y1 7 h] outfit 9 trade4 ,%e made ,africa h] hunt+-gr\nd4 ,%e made its p h] prey1 & ! unwill+ colonies h] m>ket-place4 ,%e broke into ! ,e?iop's home1 z a wolf into a %eepfold at midnight4 ,%e set ! cont95t a-flame1 t %e might seize ! affright$ inhabitants z !y ran %riek+ f _! blaz+ hamlets4 ,! ag$ & ! infant %e left = ! vultures2 b ! /rong m5 & ! /rong wom5 %e drove1 sc\rg$ & ble$+1 to ! %ore4 ,pack$ & /[$ l m]*&ise betwe5 unv5tilat$ decks1 s close t ! tempe/ )\t c\ld n ruffle ! pe/il5tial air )91 ! voyage 0 begun4 ,once a day ! hat*es 7 op5$1 to receive food & to disgorge ! dead4 ,?\s&s & ?\s&s ( corpses1 :i* %e plung$ into ! ocean f ! decks ( h] slave %ips1 %e c\nt$ only z ! t>e ( comm]ce4 ,! blue mon/]s ( ! deep became famili> ) h] pa?way1 &1 n m remorseless ?an %e1 !y %>$ h] plund]4 ,at l5g? ! accurs$ vessel rea*$ ! =eign %ore4 ,& !re1 mon/]s ( ! l&1 fi]c] & fell] ?an any t roam ! wat]y pla9s1 rew>d$ ! robb] by pur*as+ 8 spoils4 ,= m ?an a c5tury did ! madness ( ?is traffic rage4 ,dur+ all ^? ye>s1 ! clock ( et]nity nev] c\nt$ out a m9ute t did n witness ! cruel dea?1 by trea*]y or viol5ce1 ( "s son or daught]1 "s fa!r or "m1 ( ,africa4 ,! ?ree millions ( slaves t n[ d>k5 our s\!rn horizon are ! prog5y ( ^! prog5itors1--a doom$ race1 fat$ & suff]+ f sire to son4 ,b ! enormities ( ! "m c\ntry did n pass )\t remon/rance4 ,_m ( ! colonies expo/ulat$ aga9/1 & rebuk$ !m4 ,! ,new ,engl& colonies1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 pres5t$ to ! ?rone ! mo/ humble & suppliant petitions1 pray+ = ! abolition ( ! trade4 ,! colonial legislatures pass$ laws aga9/ x4 ,b _! petitions 7 spurn$ f ! ?rone4 ,_! laws 7 veto$ by ! gov]nors4 ,9 in=mal negotiations attempt$ ) ! m9i/]s ( ! cr[n1 ! fri5ds ( ! slave 7 made to und]/& t royalty turn$ an add]'s e> to _! pray]s4 ,! pr(\nde/ feel+s ( lam5tation & abhorr5ce 7 k9dl$ 9 ! bosoms ( 8 we/]n subjects by ?is flagiti\s conduct ( ! k+4 ,9 t d>k catalogue ( crimes1 :i* l$ our fa!rs to =swe> allegiance to ! ,briti% ?rone1 its refusal to prohibit ! slave trade to ! colonies is made "o ( ! mo/ prom95t ( ^? political (f5ces :i* are said to 8def9e a tyrant40 ,9 ! orig9al draught ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 z prep>$ by ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 ?is crime ( ,k+ ,george ! ,?ird is set =? 9 ! foll[+ words3-- 8,he has wag$ cruel w> aga9/ human nature itself1 violat+ its mo/ sacr$ rights ( life & lib]ty 9 ! p]sons ( a di/ant p :o nev] (f5d$ him1 captivat+ & c>ry+ !m into slav]y 9 ano!r hemisph]e1 or to incur a mis]able dea? 9 _! transportation ?i!r4 ,?is piratical w>f>e1 ! opprobrium ( infidel p[]s1 is ! w>f>e ( ! ,,*ri/ian ,k+ ( ,great ,brita94 ,det]m9$ to keep a m>ket :]e ,,m5 %\ld be b\ght & sold1 he has pro/itut$ 8 negative = suppress+ e legislative attempt to prohibit or to re/ra9 ?is execrable comm]ce40 ,n[1 if ! ,k+ ( ,great ,brita9 pro/itut$ 8 negative t slav]y might n be re/rict$1 :at1 9 aft] times1 %all be said ( ^? :o pro/itute _! affirmative t x may be ext5d$8 ,yet x is n[ propos$1 9 "s ( ! /ate legislatures1 & 9 ?is ,capitol1 to d precisely ! same ?+1 9 reg>d to ! ,t]ritory ( ,oregon1 :i* 0 done by ,great ,brita9 to h] transatlantic possessions2 n m]ely to legalize slav]y !re1 b to prohibit its inhabitants f prohibit+ x4 ,?\gh ?ree ?\s& miles we/ ( ,great ,brita91 %e _h c]ta9 con/itutional rights ov] u1 & c\ld affect our de/9y4 ,?\gh ! inhabitants ( ,oregon are ?ree ?\s& miles we/ ( u1 yet we h c]ta9 con/itutional rights ov] !m1 & c affect _! de/9y4 ,great ,brita9 annull$ our laws = prohibit+ slav]y2 we propose to annul an exi/+ law ( ,oregon prohibit+ slav]y4 ,if ! execrations ( mank9d are yet too feeble & too few to puni% ,great ,brita9 = h] wick$ness1 :at scope1 :at fulness1 :at et]nity ( execration & ana!ma w be a suffici5t retribution ^u u1 if we volunte] to copy h] example8 ,x 0 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :5 ! "m c\ntry ?us made m]*&ise ( human be+s1--a "t :5 lib]ty 0 a =bidd5 ^w 9 ! languages ( ,europe4 ,x is 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury t we propose to renact1 & on an ampl] scale1 ! same execrable villany1--a "t :5 lib]ty is ! rally+ cry ( all ,*ri/5dom4 ,s great has be5 ! progress ( lib]al ideas )9 ! la/ c5tury1 t :at 0 v5ial at its beg9n+ is unp>donable at its close4 ,to drive c(fles ( slaves f "h to ,oregon1 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 is m infam\s ?an x 0 to br+ c>goes ( slaves f ,africa "h1 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5?4 ,yet su* is ! p]iod t m5 w\ld select to p]petuate & increase ! horrors ( ?is traffic4 ,sir1 h[ (t51 on ?is floor1 h indignant remon/rances be5 address$ to ! nor?1 = agitat+ ! subject ( slav]y8 ,h[ (t5 h we at ! nor? be5 told t we 7 incit+ insurrection1 fom5t+ a s]vile w>1 putt+ ! black man's knife to ! :ite man's ?roat4 ,! air ( ?is hall has be5 fill$1 its walls h be51 z x 71 sculptur$1 by s\!rn eloqu5ce1 ) images ( deva/at$ t[ns1 ( murd]$ m5 & ravi%$ wom52 &1 z a def5ce aga9/ ! iniquities ( ! in/itution1 !y h univ]sally put 9 ! plea t ! calamity 0 entail$ ^u !m by ! "m c\ntry1 t x made a "p ( ! _w !y 7 born into1 & !re=e !y c\ld n help x4 ,i h always be5 dispos$ to all[ its full weight to ?is palliation4 ,b if !y n[ insi/ ^u p]petrat+ aga9/ ! :ole we/]n _w1 :i* happ5s at pres5t to be "u our control1 ! same wrongs :i*1 9 d>k] days1 ,great ,brita9 p]petrat$ aga9/ !m1 !y w =feit e claim to sympa?y4 ,sir1 "h is a te/4 ,let n s\!rn m51 :o w\ld n[ =ce slav]y ^u new regions1 ev] d5y t _! slav]y at home is a *os51 volunt>y1 belov$ crime4 ,b let u look1 sir1 at ! moral "* ( slav]y4 ,x is propos$ n m]ely to cont9ue ?is in/itution :]e x n[ exi/s1 b to ext5d x to ! ,pacific ,ocean1--to spread x ov] ! va/ slopes ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,sir1 ! conduct ( gov]nm5ts1 l ! conduct ( individuals1 is subject to ! laws & ! retributions ( ,provid5ce4 ,if1 !re=e1 !re is any +r$i5t ( wrong 9 ?is in/itution1 we ought n to adopt x1 or to p]mit x1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld p\r weal? 9 gold5 %[]s ov] ! :ole surface ( ! l&4 ,9 speak+ ( ! moral "* ( slav]y1 sir1 ,i mean to utt] no ^w = ! purpose ( w\nd+ ! feel+s ( any man4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i mean n to w\nd ! cause ( tru? by ab/a9+ f ! utt]ance ( any ^w :i* ,i ought to speak4 ,! in/itution ( slav]y is aga9/ natural "r4 ,juri/s1 f ! "t ( ,ju/9ian2 orators1 f ! "t ( ,cic]o2 poets1 f ! "t ( ,hom]1 decl>e x to be wrong4 ,! writ]s on moral or e?ical sci5ce1--! exp\nd]s ( ! law ( nations & ( ,god1--d5\nce slav]y z an invasion ( ! rights ( man4 ,!y f9d no w>rant = x 9 ! et]nal pr9ciples ( ju/ice & equity2 & 9 t great division :i* !y set =? betwe5 "r & wrong1 !y arrange slav]y 9 ! catalogue ( crime4 ,all ! noble/ in/9cts ( human nature rebel aga9/ x4 ,:atev] has be5 taught by sage1 or sung by poet1 9 favor ( fre$om1 is a virtual condemnation ( slav]y4 ,:5ev] we applaud ! great *ampions ( lib]ty1 :o1 by ! sacrifice ( life 9 ! cause ( fre$om1 h won ! homage ( ! _w & an immortality ( fame1 we record ! te/imony ( our he>ts aga9/ slav]y4 ,:]ev] patriotism & philan?ropy h gl[$ brighte/2 :]ev] piety & a dev\t religi\s s5tim5t h burn$ mo/ f]v5tly1 !re has be5 ! mo/ decid$ recognition ( ! univ]sal rights ( man4 ,sir1 let u analyze ?is subject1 & see if slav]y be n ! mo/ compact1 & conc5trat$1 & cond5s$ sy/em ( wrong :i* ! depravity ( man has ev] inv5t$4 ,slav]y is said to h _h its orig9 9 w>4 ,x is claim$ t ! captor _h a "r to take ! life ( 8 captive2 & t if he sp>$ t life he made x 8 own1 & ?us acquir$ a "r to control x4 ,i d5y ! "r ( ! captor to ! life ( 8 captive2 & ev5 if ?is "r 7 conc$$1 ,i d5y 8 "r to ! life ( ! captive's (fspr+4 ,b ?is relation betwe5 captor & captive precludes ! idea ( peace2 = no peace c be made :]e !re is no free ag5cy4 ,peace be+ preclud$1 x foll[s inevitably t ! /ate ( w> cont9ues4 ,h5ce1 ! /ate ( slav]y is a /ate ( w>2 & ?\gh active ho/ilities may h ceas$1 !y are liable to break out1 & may rightfully break out1 at any mom5t4 ,h[ long mu/ our fell[-citiz5s1 :o 7 enslav$ 9 ,algi]s1 h cont9u$ 9 slav]y1 be=e !y w\ld h lo/ ! "r ( escape or ( resi/ance8 ,! g5tleman f ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,,bocock1 9 8 spee* ?is morn+1 put ! "r ( ! slavehold] ^u a some:at diff]5t gr\nd4 ,he said a man might acquire prop]ty 9 a horse be=e ! exi/5ce ( civil society1 by cat*+ a wild "o4 ,& s1 he add$1 "o man might acquire prop]ty 9 ano!r man1 by subdu+ him to 8 w4 ,! sup]ior =ce gave ! "r1 :e!r to ! horse or to ! man4 ,n[1 if ?is be s1 & if at any "t ! sup]ior =ce %\ld *ange sides1 !n x foll[s inevitably t ! relation ( ! p>ties might be rightfully *ang$ by a new appeal to =ce4 ,! same g5tleman claims ,bible au?ority = slav]y4 ,he says1 8,i see slav]y !re tol]at$1 ,i _h almo/ said inculcat$4 ,i see su* language z ?is3 #8,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all y buy bondm5 & bondmaids2 & ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession1'0 c4 ,does n ! g5tleman "k t1 by ! same au?ority1 ! ,israeliti% slaves 7 comm&$ to despoil _! ,egyptian ma/]s1 & to escape f bondage8 ,surely ! latt] is z good an au?ority z ! =m]4 ,if ! g5tleman's argum5t is s\nd1 he is b\nd to advocate a repeal ( ! act ( #agic4 ,if ! g5tleman's argum5t is s\nd1 ! free /ates1 in/ead ( surr5d]+ fugitive slaves to _! ma/]s1 are b\nd to give ^? ma/]s a ,r$ ,sea reception & embrace2 & ! escape ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel into ,canaan is a direct prec$5t = ! und]gr\nd railroad to ,canada4 ,bo? ! g5tleman f ,k5tucky1 ,mr4 ,,fr5*1 ye/]day1 & ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia1 to-day1 spoke repeat$ly1 & )\t ! slighte/ discrim9ation1 ( 8a slave & a horse10 8a slave & a mule10 c4 ,:at %\ld we ?9k1 sir1 ( a tea*] = our *ildr51 or ev5 ( a t5d] ( our cattle1 :o did n recognize ! diff]5ce betwe5 m5 & mules1--betwe5 humanity & horse-fle%8 ,:at %\ld we ?9k1 if1 on op5+ a "w1 claim+ to be a sci5tific treatise on zology1 we %\ld f9d ! au?or to be ignorant ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 bip$ & quadrup$1 or betwe5 m5 & birds1 or m5 & fi%es8 ,yet su* errors w\ld be trifl+ comp>$ ) ^? :i* h be5 made ?r\gh all ?is debate4 ,!y w\ld be simple errors 9 natural hi/ory1 p]haps h>mless2 b ^! are errors1--fatal errors1--9 humanity & ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,no1 sir2 all ! legislation ( ! slave /ates proves t !y d n treat1 & _c treat1 a human be+ z an animal4 ,i w %[ t !y are ev] try+ to degrade him into an animal1 al?\gh !y c nev] succe$4 ,?is consci\s idea t ! /ate ( slav]y is a /ate ( w>1--a /ate 9 :i* sup]ior =ce keeps inf]ior =ce d[n1--develops & manife/s itself p]petually4 ,x exhibits itself 9 ! /atute books ( ! slave /ates1 prohibit+ ! education ( slaves1 mak+ x highly p5al to tea* !m s mu* z ! alphabet2 disp]s+ & puni%+ all meet+s :]e !y come toge!r 9 que/ ( k4 ,look into ! /atute books ( ! free /ates1 & y w f9d law aft] law1 enc\ragem5t aft] enc\ragem5t1 to secure ! diffusion ( k4 ,look into ! /atute books ( ! slave /ates1 & y f9d law aft] law1 p5alty aft] p5alty1 to secure ! ext9ction ( k4 ,:o has n read ) delight ^? books :i* h be5 writt51 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry1 entitl$ 8,! ,pursuit ( ,k "u ,difficulties10 giv+ ! biographies ( illu/ri\s m51 :o1 by an undaunt$ & indomitable _s1 _h ris5 f pov]ty & obscurity to ! heights ( em95ce1 & bless$ ! _w ) _! a*ievem5ts 9 lit]ature1 9 sci5ce1 & 9 morals8 ,yet "h1 9 :at we call republican ,am]ica1 are fifte5 great /ates1 vy+ ) ea* o!r to see :i* w br+ ! blacke/ & mo/ imp]vi\s pall ( ignorance ov] ?ree millions ( human be+s2 nay1 :i* c d mo/ to /ret* ?is pall across ! cont95t1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,is n k a good8 ,is x n "o ( ! mo/ preci\s b\nties :i* ! all-b\ntiful ,giv] has be/[$ ^u ! human race8 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 possess$ ( ample weal?1 8 capaci\s m9d /or$ ) ! treasures ( k1 surr\nd$ by ! mo/ le>n$ society 9 ! mo/ cultivat$ metropolis 9 ! _w1 says1 8,if ,i 7 to pray = a ta/e :i* %\ld /& me 9 /ead1 "u e v>iety ( circum/ances1 & be a s\rce ( happ9ess & *e]fulness to me ?r\gh life1 & a %ield aga9/ its ills1 h[ev] ?+s might g amiss1 & ! _w fr[n ^u me1 x w\ld be a ta/e = read+40 ,yet x is n[ propos$ to colonize ! broad regions ( ! we/ ) millions ( our fell[-be+s1 :o %all nev] be able to read a book1 or write a ^w2 to :om k %all br+ no delight 9 *ildhood1 no relief 9 ! we>y h\rs ( sickness or convalesc5ce1 no solace 9 ! decrepitude ( age2 :o %all p]ceive no?+ ( ! beauties ( art1 :o %all "k no?+ ( ! wond]s ( sci5ce1 :o %all nev] rea* any l(ty1 intellectual conception ( ! attributes ( _! great ,creator2--deaf to all ! hosannas ( praise :i* nature s+s to h] ,mak]2 bl9d 9 ?is magnific5t temple :i* ,god has build$4 ,sir1 x is "o ( ! noble/ attributes ( man t he c d]ive k f 8 pr$ecessors4 ,we possess ! accumulat$ le>n+ ( ages4 ,f t5 ?\s& conflu5t /reams1 ! riv] ( tru?1 wid5$ & deep5$1 has come d[n to u2 & x is among our *oice/ delights1 t if we c add to its volume1 z x rolls on1 x w be> a ri*] freight ( bless+s to our successors4 ,b x is "h propos$ to annul ?is b5efic5t law ( nature2 to repel ?is pr(f]$ b\nty ( ,heav54 ,x is propos$ to create a race ( m51 to :om all ! lights ( exp]i5ce %all be ext+ui%$2 ^: hundr$? g5]ation %all be z ignorant & z b>b>\s z its fir/4 ,sir1 ,i hold all volunt>y ignorance to be a crime2 ,i hold all en=c$ ignorance to be a great] crime4 ,k is ess5tial to all rational enjoym5t2 x is ess5tial to ! full & adequate p]=mance ( e duty4 ,:oev] int]cepts k1 !re=e1 on its passage to a human s\l2 :oev] /rikes d[n ! h& t is out/ret*$ to grasp x1 is guilty ( "o ( ! mo/ he9\s ( (f5ces4 ,add to y\r virtue k1 says ! apo/le2 b "h ! comm& is1 ,be-cl\d & be-little by ignorance :atev] virtue y may possess4 ,sir1 let me ju/ify ! e>ne/ness ( ^! expressions by describ+ ! transition ( feel+ ?r\gh :i* ,i h lately pass$4 ,i come f a community :]e k ranks next to virtue 9 ! classification ( bless+s4 ,on ! t5? day ( ,april la/1 ! day be=e ,i left home = ?is place1 ,i att5d$ ! d$ication ( a s*oolh\se 9 ,bo/on :i* _h co/ #gj1jjj4 ,! mayor presid$1 & mu* ( ! intellig5ce & wor? ( ! city 0 pres5t on ! occasion4 ,i see by a pap] :i* ,i h ?is day receiv$1 t ano!r s*oolh\se1 9 ! same city1 0 d$icat$ on ,monday ( ! pres5t week4 ,x 0 !re /at$ by ! mayor t ! co/ ( ! city s*oolh\ses :i* _h be5 complet$ )9 ! la/ ?ree mon?s 0 #bjj1jjj4 ,on ,tuesday ( ?is week1 a new high s*oolh\se 9 ! city ( ,cambridge 0 d$icat$4 ,mr4 ,ev]ett1 ! presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,college1 0 pres5t1 & address$ ! assembly 9 a long1 &1 ,i ne$ n add1 a mo/ beautiful spee*4 ,t s*oolh\se1 ) two o!rs to be d$icat$ )9 a week1 w h co/ #be1jjj4 ,la/ week1 9 ! neighbor+ city ( ,*>le/[n1 a new high s*oolh\se1 ( a mo/ spl5did & co/ly "*1 0 d$icat$ by ! mayor & city gov]nm5t1 by cl]gy & laity4 ,b x is n mayors ( cities & presid5ts ( colleges alone t engage 9 ! "w ( consecrat+ temples ( education to ! s]vice ( ! "y4 ,s9ce ,i h be5 "h1 ! gov]nor ( ! commonweal?1 ,mr4 ,briggs1 w5t to ,newburyport1 a di/ance ( =ty miles1 to att5d ! d$ication ( a s*oolh\se :i* co/ #be1jjj4 ,on a late occasion1 :5 ! same excell5t *ief magi/rate travell$ =ty miles to att5d ! d$ication ( a s*oolh\se 9 ! c\ntry1 "s speak] congratulat$ ! audi5ce because ! gov]nor ( ! commonweal? _h come d[n f ! executive *air to honor ! occasion4 8,no10 said he1 8,i h come up to ! occasion to be honor$ by x40 ,)9 ! la/ ye>1 #bjj1jjj h be5 giv5 by individuals to ,h>v>d ,college4 ,)9 a little long] "t ?an ?is1 ! o!r two colleges 9 ! /ate h receiv$1 toge!r1 a /ill l>g] end[m5t f individuals or ! /ate4 ,^! measures are "p ( a great sy/em :i* we are c>ry+ on = ! elevation ( ! race4 ,la/ ye>1 ! vot]s ( ,massa*usetts1 9 _! respective t[ns1 volunt>ily tax$ !mselves ab\t a million ( doll>s = ! support ( ,common ,s*ools4 ,we h an old law on ! /atute book1 requir+ t[ns to tax !mselves = ! support ( public s*ools2 b ! p h long s9ce lo/ sight ( ?is law 9 ! munific5ce ( _! contributions4 ,massa*usetts is n[ erect+ a re=m s*ool = vagrant & expos$ *ildr51--s _m ( :om come to u f abroad1--:i* w co/ ! /ate m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,an unkn[n individual has giv5 tw5ty ?\s& doll>s t[>ds x4 ,we educate all our deaf & dumb & bl9d4 ,an appropriation 0 made by ! la/ legislature to e/abli% a s*ool = idiots1 9 imitation ( ^? beautiful in/itutions 9 ,p>is1 9 ,switz]l&1 & 9 ,b]l91 :]e ! mo/ revolt+ & malici\s ( ?is deplorable class are tam$ into docility1 made lov]s ( ord] & neatness1 & capable ( p]=m+ _m valuable s]vices4 ,! future tea*] ( ?is s*ool is n[ abroad1 prep>+ himself = 8 "w4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ,mr4 ,ev]ett1 ! pres5t presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,college1 !n gov]nor ( ! commonweal?1 spoke ! deep convictions ( ,massa*usetts p1 :51 9 a public address on education1 he exhort$ ! fa!rs & mo!rs ( ,massa*usetts 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,save10 said he1 8save1 sp>e1 scrape1 /9t1 />ve1 d any ?+ b /eal10 to educate y\r *ildr54 ,& ,doctor ,h[e1 ! noble-he>t$ director ( ! ,in/itution = ! ,bl9d1 lately utt]$ ! deepe/ s5tim5ts ( our citiz5s1 :51 9 speak+ ( our duties to ! bl9d1 ! deaf & dumb1 & ! idiotic1 he said1 8,! sight ( any human be+ left to bruti% ignorance is always demoraliz+ to ! behold]s4 ,!re floats n ^u ! /ream ( life a wreck ( humanity s utt]ly %att]$ & crippl$1 b t its signals ( di/ress %\ld *all5ge att5tion & comm& assi/ance40 ,sir1 x 0 all gl[+ & f]vid ) s5tim5ts l ^!1 t1 a few weeks ago1 ,i ent]$ ?is ,h\se1--s5tim5ts transfus$ into my s\l f )\t1 ev5 if ,i _h no vital sp>k ( nobl5ess to k9dle !m )94 ,imag9e1 !n1 my /rong revulsion ( feel+1 :5 ! fir/ set1 elaborate spee* :i* ,i he>d1 0 t ( ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia1 propos+ to ext5d ignorance to ! utt]mo/ b\nds ( ?is republic1--to legalize x1 to en=ce x1 to necessitate x1 & make x et]nal4 ,s9ce him1 _m o!rs h advocat$ ! same abhorr5t doctr9e4 ,n satisfi$ ) doom+ a :ole race ( our fell[-be+s to m5tal d>kness1 imp]vi\s & ev]la/+1--n satisfi$ ) draw+ ?is black curta9 ( ignorance betwe5 man & nature1 betwe5 ! human s\l & its ,god1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,rio ,gr&e1 across half ! cont95t1--!y desire to increase ?is race t51 tw5ty millions m1 & to unfold & spread out ?is black curta9 across ! o!r half ( ! cont95t4 ,:51 sir1 9 ! halls ( legislation1 m5 advocate measures l ?is1 x is no figure ( spee* to say t _! words are ! clank+s ( multitud9\s fett]s2 ea* ge/ure ( _! arms te>s human fle% ) t5 ?\s& :ips2 ea* exhalation ( _! brea? spreads cl\ds ( moral d>kness f horizon to horizon4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago1 a %>p s5sation ran ?r\gh ! n]ves ( ! civiliz$ _w1 at ! /ory ( a "y man nam$ ,casp> ,haus]1 f\nd 9 ! city ( ,nuremb]g1 9 ,bav>ia4 ,?\gh sixte5 or sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 he c\ld n walk nor talk4 ,he he>d )\t und]/&+2 he saw )\t p]ceiv+2 he mov$ )\t def9ite purpose4 ,x 0 ! s\l ( an infant 9 ! body ( an adult4 ,aft] he _h le>n$ to speak1 he relat$ t1 f 8 e>lie/ recollection1 he _h always be5 kept 9 a hole s small1 t he c\ld n /ret* out 8 limbs1 :]e he saw no light1 he>d no s\nd1 nor ev5 witness$ ! face ( ! att5dant :o br\ght him 8 scanty food4 ,= _m ye>s conjecture 0 rife conc]n+ 8 hi/ory1 & all ,g]many 0 se>*$ to discov] 8 orig94 ,aft] a long p]iod ( fruitless inquiry & speculation1 public op9ion settl$ d[n into ! belief t he 0 ! victim ( "s great unnatural crime2 t he 0 ! heir to "s ?rone1 & _h be5 seque/]$ by ambition2 or ! inh]itor ( va/ weal?1 & _h be5 hidd5 away by cupidity2 or ! (fspr+ ( crim9al indulg5ce1 & _h be5 buri$ alive to avoid exposure & %ame4 ,a ,g]man1 ,von ,feu]ba*1 publi%$ an acc\nt ( ,casp>1 entitl$ 8,! ,example ( a ,crime on ! ,life ( ! ,s\l40 ,b :y g to ,europe to be ?rill$ ) ! pa?os ( a human be+ %r\d$ f ! light ( nature1 & cut (f f a k ( duty & ( ,god8 ,to-day1 9 ?is boa/$ l& ( light & lib]ty1 !re are ?ree million ,casp> ,haus]s2 &1 z if ?is 7 n en\gh1 x is propos$ to multiply _! numb] t5fold1 & to fill up all ! we/]n _w ) ^! pro(s ( human av>ice & guilt4 ,x is propos$ t we ourselves %\ld create & %\ld publi% to ! _w1 n "o1 b untold millions ( 8,examples ( a ,crime on ! ,life ( ! ,s\l40 ,x is propos$ t ! self-/yl$ freem51 ! self-/yl$ ,*ri/ians1 ( fifte5 great /ates 9 ?is ,am]ican ,union1 %all engage 9 ! "w ( procreat+1 re>+1 & sell+ ,casp> ,haus]s1 (t5 f _! own lo9s2 & if any fur!r developm5t ( s\l or ( body is all[$ to ! ,am]ican victims ?an 0 p]mitt$ to ! ,bav>ian *ild1 x is only because su* developm5t w increase _! m>ket value at ! b>racoons4 ,x is n f any diff]5ce ( motive1 b only ! bett] to insure t motive's indulg5ce4 ,! slave *ild mu/ be all[$ to use 8 limbs1 or h[ c\ld he drudge out 8 life 9 ! s]vice ( 8 ma/]8 ,! slave infant mu/ be taught to walk1 or h[1 "u ! %ad[ ( ?is ?rice-glori\s ,capitol1 c\ld he jo9 a c(fle = ,new ,orleans8 ,i "k1 sir1 t x has be5 said1 )9 a %ort "t pa/1 t ,casp> ,haus] 0 an impo/or1 & 8 /ory a fiction4 ,w\ld to ,god t ?is c\ld ev] be said ( 8 fell[-victims 9 ,am]ica6 ,= ano!r reason slav]y is an unspeakable wrong4 ,! slave is deb>r$ f te/ify+ aga9/ a :ite man4 ,! c\rts w n he> him z a witness4 ,by ! pr9ciples ( ! common law1 if any man suff]s viol5ce at ! h&s ( ano!r1 he c pref] 8 compla9t to magi/rates1 or to ! gr& juries ( ! c\rts1 :o are b\nd to give him r$ress4 ,h5ce ! law is said to hold up its %ield be=e e man = 8 protection4 ,x surr\nds him 9 ! cr[d$ /reet & 9 ! solit>y place4 ,x gu>ds 8 treasures ) great] vigilance ?an locks or iron safes2 & aga9/ m$itat$ aggressions ^u himself1 8 wife1 or 8 *ildr51 x fa/5s 8 doors e night m securely ?an triple bolts ( brass4 ,b all ^! sacr$ protections are d5i$ to ! slave4 ,:ile subject$ to ! law ( =ce1 he is %ut out f ! law ( "r4 ,to suff] injury is 81 b nev] to obta9 r$ress4 ,= p]sonal cruelties1 = /ripes t %iv] 8 fle%1 & bl[s t break 8 bones1 = robb]y or = murd]1 nei!r he nor 8 fri5ds c h prev5tive1 rem$y1 or recomp5se4 ,! fa!r1 :o is a slave1 may see son or daught] scor$1 mangl$1 mutilat$1 or ravi%$ be=e 8 eyes1 & he mu/ be dumb z a %eep be=e its %e>]s4 ,! wife may be di%onor$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! husb&1 &1 if he remon/rates or rebels1 ! miscreant :o c\ld burn ) ! lu/ w burn n less fi]cely ) a v5geance to be glutt$ ^u 8 foil]4 ,suppose1 sudd5ly1 by "s disa/r\s *ange 9 ! ord] ( nature1 an entire k+dom or community 7 to be envelop$ 9 total d>kness1--to h no day1 no dawn1 b midnight ev]more6 ,into :at inf9ite =ms ( viol5ce & wrong w\ld ! deprav$ passions ( ! human he>t spr+ up1 :5 no long] re/ra9$ by ! light ( day1 & ! dang]s ( exposure6 ,s f> z legal rights aga9/ 8 oppressors are conc]n$1 ! slave lives 9 su* a _w ( d>kness4 ,a hundr$ ( 8 fell[s may /& ar\nd him & witness ! wrongs he suff]s1 b n "o ( !m c appeal to jury1 magi/rate1 or judge1 = puni%m5t or r$ress4 ,! wick$e/ :ite man1 9 a company ( slaves1 be>s a *>m$ life4 ,!re is n "o ( ! fell passions t rages 9 8 bosom :i* he _c indulge ) wantonness & to satiety1 & ! c\rt has no e>s to he> ! compla9t ( ! victim4 ,h[ de>ly does e honorable man prize "*6 ,! law d5ies ! slave a "*2 =1 h[ev] traduc$1 legal v9dication is impossible4 ,& yet1 inf9itely flagrant z ! anomaly is1 ! slave is am5able to ! laws ( ! l& = all (f5ces :i* he may commit aga9/ o!rs1 ?\gh he is p[]less to protect himself by ! same law f (f5ces :i* o!rs may commit aga9/ him4 ,he may suff] all wrong1 & ! c\rts w n he>k5 to 8 te/imony2 b = ! fir/ wrong he does1 ! same c\rts inflict _! sev]e/ puni%m5ts ^u him4 ,?is is ! reciprocity ( slave law4--to be =ev] liable to be prov$ guilty1 b nev] able to prove himself innoc5t2 to be subject to all puni%m5ts1 b1 ?r\gh 8 own oa?1 to no protection4 ,he> :at is said by ! highe/ judicial tribunal ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a3 8,al?\gh slaves are held to be ! absolute prop]ty ( _! own]s1 yet !y h ! p[] ( committ+ crimes40--#b;d ,nott & ,mc,cord's ,rep41 p4 #agi4 ,a negro is s f> am5able to ! common law1 t he may be "o ( ?ree to con/itute ! numb] necess>y to make a riot4--#a/ ,bay's ,rep41 #ceh4 ,by ! laws ( ! same /ate1 a negro may be himself /ol51 & he has no r$ress2 b if he /eals a negro f ano!r1 he %all be hung4--#b;d ,nott & ,mc,cord's ,rep41 #agi4 ,an example ( ?is p5alty suff]$ by a slave4 ,?is is ! way t slave legislatures & slave judicatories con/rue ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 8,:atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 d ye also ! same unto !m40 ,nay1 by ! laws ( "s ( ! slave /ates1 :]e ma/] & slave are engag$ 9 a jo9t act1 ! slave is indictable1 :ile ! ma/] is n4 ,:at rights are m sacr$ or m de> to u ?an ! conjugal & ! p>5tal8 ,no savage nation1 h[ev] f> remov$ f ! fronti]s ( civilization1 has ev] yet be5 discov]$1 :]e ^! rights 7 unkn[n or unhonor$4 ,! bea/s ( ! =e/ feel & respect !m4 ,x is only 9 ! l& ( slaves t !y are blott$ out & annihilat$4 ,slav]y is an unspeakable wrong to ! consci5ce4 ,! ^w 8consci5ce0 conveys a complex idea4 ,x includes consci5ti\sness2 t is1 ! s5tim5t or in/9ct ( "r & wrong2 & also intellig5ce1 :i* is ! guide ( ?is s5tim5t4 ,consci5ce1 !n1 implies bo? ! desire or impulse to d "r1 & also a k ( :at is "r4 ,nature end[s u ) ! s5tim5t1 b ! k we mu/ acquire4 ,h5ce we speak ( an 8enlight5$ consci5ce10 mean+ !reby n only ! moral s5se1 b t k ( circum/ances1 relations1 t5d5cies & results1 :i* is necess>y 9 ord] to guide ! moral s5se to j conclusions4 ,ea* ( ^! elem5ts is equally necess>y to enable a man to feel rightly & to act rightly4 ,m]e k1 )\t ! moral s5se1 c take no cognizance ( ! ev]la/+ di/9ctions betwe5 "r & wrong2 & s ! bl9d in/9ct1 unguid$ by k1 w be =ev] at fault 9 its conclusions4 ,! two 7 made to coxi/ & op]ate toge!r by ,him :o made ! human s\l4 ,b ! impi\s h& ( man divorces ^! tw9 capacities1 :]ev] x d5ies k4 ,if "o ( ^! cord9ate p[]s 9 ! m5tal realm be annull$ by ! legislature1 x may be call$ law2 b x is repugnant to e law & attribute ( ,god4 ,b1 n satisfi$ ) hav+ invad$ ! human s\l1 & annihilat$ "o ( its mo/ sacr$ attributes1 9 ! p]sons ( ?ree millions ( our fell[-m52 n satisfi$ ) hav+ kill$ ! consci5ce1 z f> z x c be kill$ by human device1 & human =ce1 9 an entire race2 we are n[ invok$ to multiply t race1 to ext5d x ov] regions yet unsca!d by its exi/5ce1 & !re to call into be+ o!r millions ( m51 ^u ^: s\ls1 & ^u ! s\ls ( ^: po/]ity1 ! same unholy spoliation %all be committ$ =ev]4 ,slav]y is an unspeakable wrong to ! religi\s nature ( man4 ,! de>e/ & mo/ preci\s ( all human rights is ! "r ( private judgm5t 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,i am int]e/$ 9 no?+ else s mu* z 9 ! attributes ( my ,creator1 & 9 ! relations :i* he has e/abli%$ betwe5 me & himself1 = "t & = et]nity4 ,to inve/igate = myself ^! relations1 & _! mom5t\s consequ5ces2 to 8se>* ! ,scriptures20 to explore ! works ( ,god 9 ! outw>d & visible univ]se2 to ask c\nsel ( ! sages & div9es ( ! ages gone by1--^! are rights :i* x w\ld be sacrilege 9 me to surr5d]2 :i* x is a worse sacrilege 9 any human be+ or human gov]nm5t to usurp4 ,yet1 by d5y+ education to ! slave1 y de/roy n m]ely ! "r1 b ! p[]1 ( p]sonal exam9ation 9 reg>d to all t mo/ ne>ly conc]ns ! s\l's int]e/s4 ,:o s base z n to rev]5ce ! mighty *ampions ( religi\s fre$om1 9 days :5 ! dungeon1 ! rack1 & ! fagot 7 ! argum5ts ( a gov]nm5t !ology8 ,:o does n rev]5ce1 ,i say1 ,wickliffe1 ,huss1 ,lu!r1 & ! :ole army ( m>tyrs ^: blood r$d5$ ! axe ( ,engli% intol]ance8 ,yet x 0 only = ?is "r ( private judgm5t1 = ?is indep5d5ce ( ano!r man's control 9 religi\s conc]nm5ts1 t ! godlike *ampions ( religi\s lib]ty p]ill$ !mselves & p]i%$4 ,yet x is ?is v religi\s despotism ov] millions ( m5 :i* x is n[ propos$1 n to de/roy1 b to create4 ,x is propos$ n to break old fett]s & ca/ !m away1 b to =ge new ones & rivet !m on4 ,sir1 on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 & 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london1 ,i h se5 ! axes1 ! *a9s1 & o!r horrid implem5ts ( dea?1 by :i* ! great def5d]s ( fre$om = ! s\l 7 br\ght to _! f9al doom1--by :i* political & religi\s lib]ty 0 clov5 d[n2 b fair] & loveli] to ! view 7 axe & *a91 & all ! gha/ly implem5ts ( dea? ev] inv5t$ by religi\s bigotry or civil despotism to wr+ & torture fre$om out ( ! s\l ( man2--fair] & loveli] 7 !y all ?an ! p>*m5t roll ( ?is ,h\se on :i* %all be inscrib$ a law = pr(an+ "o additional foot ( ,am]ican soil ) ! curse ( slav]y4 ,aft] ! above spee* 0 deliv]$1 ,i 0 ref]r$ to a ,tract1 writt5 by a ,virg9ian1 on ! subject ( slav]y2 &1 by ! polit5ess ( its au?or1 ,i h s9ce obta9$ a copy ( x4 ,x is entitl$1 8,address to ! ,p ( ,we/ ,virg9ia2 %[+ t ,slav]y is injuri\s to ! public welf>e1 & t x may be gradually aboli%$1 )\t detrim5t to ! rights & int]e/s ( ,slavehold]s4 ,,by ,a ,,slavehold] ,,( ,,we/ ,,virg9ia4 ,lex+ton3 ,r4 ,c4 ,noel4 #ahdg40 ,?is ,address 0 writt5 by ! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,ruffn]1 ,d4 ,d41 presid5t ( ,lex+ton ,college1 ,lex+ton1 ,va4 ,"s ( ! passages ( ?is ,address are s /rik+2 x is ?r\gh\t s corroborative ( "o ( ! argum5ts conta9$ 9 ! spee*2 & com+1 z x does1 f a ,virg9ian1 an eye-witness ( ! effects ( slav]y1 & a hold] ( slaves1 t ,i h ?\ght x w\ld be useful to app5d !m4 ,! extracts1 ( c\rse1 are n1 z "h1 consecutive4 ,n[h]e1 s9ce "t began1 h ! two sy/ems ( slave labor & free labor be5 subject$ to s fair & s decisive a trial ( _! effects on public prosp]ity z 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"h ! two sy/ems h work$ side by side = ages1 "u su* equal circum/ances1 bo? political & physical1 & ) su* ample "t & opportunity = ea* to "w out its prop] effects1 t all mu/ admit ! exp]im5t to be n[ complete1 & ! result decisive4 ,no man ( common s5se1 :o has obs]v$ ?is result1 c d\bt = a mom5t t ! sy/em ( free labor promotes ! gr[? & prosp]ity ( /ates 9 a mu* high] degree ?an ! sy/em ( slave labor4 ,9 ! fir/ settlem5t ( a c\ntry1 :5 labor is sc>ce & de>1 slav]y may give a tempor>y impulse to improvem5t2 b ev5 ?is is n ! case1 except 9 w>m climates1 & :]e free m5 are sc>ce & ei!r sickly or lazy2 & :5 we h said ?is1 we h said all t exp]i5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w>rants u to say1 9 favor ( ! policy ( employ+ slave labor4 ,x is ! common rem>k ( all :o h travell$ ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t ! free /ates & ! slave /ates exhibit a /rik+ contra/ 9 _! appe>ance4 ,9 ! old] free /ates are se5 all ! tok5s ( prosp]ity2--a d5se & increas+ population2 ?riv+ villages1 t[ns1 & cities2 a neat & productive agriculture1 gr[+ manufactures1 & active comm]ce4 ,9 ! old] p>ts ( ! slave /ates1--) a few local exceptions1--are se51 on ! contr>y1 too evid5t signs ( /agnation1 or ( positive decay2--a sp>se population1 a slov5ly cultivation spread ov] va/ fields t are we>+ out1 among o!rs already worn out & desolate2 villages & t[ns1 8few & f> betwe510 r>ely gr[+1 (t5 decay+1 sometimes m]e remnants ( :at !y 71 sometimes des]t$ ru9s1 haunt$ only by owls2 g5]ally no manufactures1 nor ev5 trades1 except ! indisp5sable few2 comm]ce & navigation ab&on$1 z f> z possible1 to ! p ( ! free /ates2 & g5]ally1 in/ead ( ! /ir & bu/le ( indu/ry1 a dull & dreamy /illness1 brok51 if broke at all1 only by ! wordy brawl ( politics4 ,new ,engl& & ! middle /ates ( ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,p5nsylvania conta9$1 9 #agij1 #a1ifh1jjj inhabitants1 & 9 #ahdj1 #f1gfj1jjj2 hav+ ga9$1 9 ?is p]iod1 #bdc p] c5t4 ,! f\r old slave /ates _h1 9 #agij1 a population ( #a1dgc1jjj1 & 9 #ahdj1 ( #c1bgi1jjj2 hav+ ga9$1 9 ! same p]iod1 #abb p] c5t41 j ab\t half z mu*1 9 proportion1 z ! free /ates4 ,!y ought to h ga9$ ab\t twice z mu*2 = !y _h at fir/ only sev5 inhabitants to ! squ>e mile1 :5 ! free /ates n only _h upw>ds ( twelve1 b1 on ! :ole1 mu* inf]ior advantages ( soil & climate4 ,ev5 cold1 b>r5 ,new ,engl&1 ?\gh m ?an twice z ?ickly peopl$1 grew 9 population at a fa/] rate ?an ^! old slave /ates4 ,ab\t half ! t]ritory ( ^! old slave /ates is new c\ntry1 & has comp>atively few slaves4 ,on ?is "p ! increase ( population has *iefly tak5 place4 ,on ! old slave-labor$ l[l&s1 a s+ul> ph5om5a has appe>$2 !re1 )9 ! b\nds ( ^! rapidly gr[+ ,unit$ ,/ates1--yes1 !re1 population has be5 long at a /&2 yes1 ov] wide regions1--especially 9 ,virg9ia1--x has decl9$1 & a new wild]ness is ga9+ ^u ! cultivat$ l&6 ,:at has done ?is "w ( desolation8 ,n w>1 nor pe/il5ce2 n oppression ( rul]s1 civil or ecclesia/ical2 b slav]y1 a curse m de/ructive 9 its effects ?an any ( !m4 ,x 7 h>d to f9d1 9 old k+-ridd51 prie/-ridd51 ov]tax$ ,europe1 s l>ge a c\ntry1 :]e1 )9 tw5ty ye>s pa/1 su* a gr[+ pov]ty & desolation h appe>$4 ,x is 9 ! la/ p]iod ( t5 ye>s1 f #ahcj to #ahdj1 t ?is consum+ plague ( slav]y has %[n its wor/ effects 9 ! old ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,includ+ ! increase 9 _! newly-settl$ & we/]n c\nties1 !y ga9$ 9 population only #g p] c5t42 :ile cold1 b>r51 ?ickly peopl$ ,new ,engl& ga9$ #ae1 & ! old ,middle ,/ates #bf p] c5t4 ,ea/ ,virg9ia actually fell (f #bf1jjj 9 population2 &1 ) ! exception ( ,ri*mond & "o or two o!r t[ns1 h] population cont9ues to decl9e4 ,old ,virg9ia 0 ! fir/ to s[ ?is l& ( ours ) slav]y2 %e is also ! fir/ to reap ! full h>ve/ ( de/ruction4 ,h] l[l& neighbors ( ,m>yl& & ! ,c>ol9as 7 n f> beh9d at ! se$+2 nor are !y f> beh9d at ! +a!r+ ( desolation4 ,let u take ! ri* & beautiful ,/ate ( ,k5tucky1 comp>$ ) h] free neighbor ,ohio4 ,! slaves ( ,k5tucky h compos$ less ?an a f\r? "p ( h] population4 ,b m>k _! effect ^u ! comp>ative gr[? ( ! /ate4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjj1 ,k5tucky conta9$ #bba1jjj inhabitants1 & ,ohio1 #de1jjj4 ,9 =ty ye>s1 ! population ( ,k5tucky _h ris5 to #ghj1jjj2 t ( ,ohio to #a1eai1jjj4 ,?is wond]ful diff]5ce c\ld n be ow+ to any natural sup]iority ( ! ,ohio c\ntry4 ,k5tucky is ne>ly z l>ge1 ne>ly z f]tile1 & q equal1 9 o!r gifts ( nature4 ,%e _h greatly ! advantage1 too1 9 ! outset ( ?is =ty ye>s' race ( population4 ,%e />t$ ) #e inhabitants to ! squ>e mile1 & came out ) #bj3 ,ohio />t$ ) "o inhabitant to ! squ>e mile1 & came out ) #ch4 ,k5tucky _h full possession ( h] t]ritory at ! beg9n+4 ,mu* ( ,ohio 0 !n1 & = a long "t aft]w>ds1 9 possession ( ! ,indians4 ,ohio is by ?is "t consid]ably m ?an twice z ?ickly peopl$ z ,k5tucky2 yet %e /ill ga9s1 bo? by natural increase & by ! influx ( emigrants2 :ile ,k5tucky has = tw5ty ye>s be5 receiv+ mu* few] emigrants ?an ,ohio1 & multitudes ( h] citiz5s h be5 ye>ly mov+ (f to new] & yet new] c\ntries4 ,comp>e ?is natural increase ) ! c5sus returns1 & x appe>s t1 9 ! t5 ye>s f #ahcj to #ahdj1 ,virg9ia lo/ by emigration no few] ?an #cge1jjj ( h] p1 ( :om ,ea/ ,virg9ia lo/ #cjd1jjj1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia #ga1jjj4 ,at ?is rate ,virg9ia supplies ! we/ e t5 ye>s ) a population equal 9 numb] to ! population ( ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi 9 #ahdj6 ,"s ,virg9ia politicians1 pr\dly1--yes1 pr\dly1 fell[-citiz5s1--call our old commonweal? ,! ,"m ( ,/ates6 ,^! enlight5$ patriots might pay h] a /ill high] complim5t1 by call+ h] ,! ,gr&mo!r ( ,/ates4 ,= our "p1 we are griev$ & mortifi$ to ?9k ( ! lean & hagg>d condition ( our v5]able "m4 ,h] black *ildr5 h suck$ h] s dry1 t n[1 = a long "t pa/1 %e has n milk en\gh = h] (fspr+1 ei!r black or :ite4 ,%e has s5t1--or we %\ld r say1 %e has driv51--f h] soil at lea/ "o ?ird ( all ! emigrants :o h gone f ! old /ates to ! new4 ,m ?an ano!r ?ird h gone f ! o!r old slave /ates4 ,_m ( ^! multitudes1 :o h left ! slave /ates1 h %unn$ ! regions ( slav]y1 & settl$ 9 ! free c\ntries ( ! we/4 ,^! 7 g5]ally indu/ri\s & ent]pris+ :ite m51 :o f\nd1 by sad exp]i5ce1 t a c\ntry ( slaves 0 n ! c\ntry = !m4 ,x is a tru?1 a c]ta9 tru?1 t slav]y drives free labor]s1--f>m]s1 me*anics1 & all1 & "s ( ! be/ ( !m too1--out ( ! c\ntry1 & fills _! places ) negroes4 ,x is admitt$ on all h&s1 t slave labor is bett] adapt$ to agriculture ?an to any o!r bran* ( indu/ry2 & t1 if n good = agriculture1 x is really good = no?+4 ,!re=e1 s9ce 9 agriculture slave labor is prov$ to be f> less productive ?an free labor1 slav]y is demon/rat$ to be n only unpr(itable1 b deeply injuri\s to ! public prosp]ity4 ,we d n mean t slave labor c nev] e>n any ?+ = him t employs x4 ,! "q is betwe5 free labor & slave labor4 ,he t *ooses to employ a sort ( labor t yields only half z mu* to ! h& z ano!r sort w\ld yield1 makes a *oice t is n only unpr(itable1 b deeply injuri\s to 8 int]e/4 ,agriculture 9 ! slave /ates may be *>act]iz$ 9 g5]al by two epi!ts1 ext5sive1 exhau/ive1--:i* 9 all agricultural c\ntries =ebode two ?+s1 impov]i%m5t1 depopulation4 ,! g5]al sy/em ( slavehold+ f>m]s & plant]s1 9 all times & places1 has be51 & n[ is1 & ev] w be1 to cultivate mu* l&1 badly1 = pres5t ga91--9 %ort1 to kill ! goose t lays ! gold5 egg4 ,!y _c d o!rwise ) labor]s :o "w by compulsion1 = ! b5efit only ( _! ma/]s1 & ^: sole int]e/ 9 ! matt] is to d z little & to consume z mu* z possible4 ,?is ru9\s sy/em ( l>ge f>ms cultivat$ by slaves %[$ its effects 9 ,italy1 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 ! ,roman empire 0 at ! height ( its gr&eur4 ,pl9y1 a writ] ( t age1 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory1 7,book #ah1 c4 #a-g17 tells u1 t :ile ! small f>ms ( =m] times 7 cultivat$ by freem51 & ev5 great comm&]s did n disda9 to labor ) _! own h&s1 agriculture fl\ri%$1 & provisions 7 abundant2 b t aft]w>ds1 :5 ! l&s 7 engross$ by a few great proprietors1 & cultivat$ by fett]$ & br&$ slaves1 ! c\ntry 0 ru9$1 & corn _h to be import$4 ,! same sy/em 0 spread+ ru9 ov] ! prov9ces1 & ?us ! prosp]ity ( ! empire 0 und]m9$4 ,pl9y d5\nces1 z ! wor/ ( all1 ! sy/em ( hav+ l>ge e/ates 9 ! c\ntry cultivat$ by slaves1 or inde$1 says he1 8to h any ?+ done by m5 :o labor )\t hope ( rew>d40 ,s ,livy1 ! great ,roman hi/orian1 obs]v$1 "s ye>s be=e ,pl9y1 7,book #f1 c4 #ab17 t 8innum]able multitudes ( m5 =m]ly inhabit$ ^? p>ts ( ,italy1 :]e1 9 8 "t1 none b slaves r$eem$ ! c\ntry f des]tion20--t is1 a d5se population ( free labor]s _h be5 succe$$ by a sp>se population ( slaves4 ,ev5 ! common me*anical trades d n fl\ri% 9 a slave /ate4 ,"s me*anical op]ations mu/1 inde$1 be p]=m$ 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry2 b ! g5]al rule 9 ! s\? is1 to import f abroad e fabricat$ ?+ t c be c>ri$ 9 %ips1 su* z h\sehold furniture1 boats1 bo>ds1 la?s1 c>ts1 pl\ghs1 axes1 & axehelves1 besides innum]able o!r ?+s1 :i* free communities are accu/om$ to make = !mselves4 ,:at is mo/ wond]ful is1 t ! =e/s & iron m9es ( ! s\? supply1 9 great "p1 ! mat]ials out ( :i* ^! ?+s are made4 ,! nor!rn freem5 come ) _! %ips1 c>ry home ! timb] & pig iron1 "w !m up1 supply _! own wants ) a "p1 & !n sell ! re/ at a good pr(it 9 ! s\!rn m>kets4 ,n[1 al?\gh me*anics1 by sett+ up _! %ops 9 ! s\?1 c\ld save all ^! freights & pr(its1 yet s x is1 t nor!rn me*anics w n settle 9 ! s\?1 & ! s\!rn me*anics are und]sold by _! nor!rn competitors4 ,n[ connect ) ^! wond]ful facts ano!r fact1 & ! my/]y is solv$4 ,! numb] ( me*anics1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! s\?1 is 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! numb] ( slaves2 or 9 o!r words1 :]e ! slaves =m ! l>ge/ proportion ( ! inhabitants1 !re ! me*anics & manufactur]s =m ! lea/4 ,9 ^? p>ts only :]e ! slaves are comp>atively few1 are _m me*anics & artific]s to be f\nd2 b ev5 9 ^! p>ts !y d n fl\ri% z ! same useful class ( m5 fl\ri% 9 ! free /ates4 ,ev5 9 our ,valley ( ,virg9ia1 remote f ! sea1 _m ( our me*anics c h>dly /& aga9/ nor!rn competition4 ,?is c be attribut$ only to slav]y1 :i* p>alyzes our en]gies1 disp]ses our population1 & keeps u few & poor1 9 spite ( ! b\ntiful gifts ( nature ) :i* a b5ign ,provid5ce has end[$ our c\ntry4 ,( all ! /ates 9 ?is ,union1 n "o has on ! :ole su* v>i\s & abundant res\rces = manufactur+ z our own ,virg9ia1 bo? ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,only ?9k ( h] va/ =e/s ( timb]1 h] m\nta9s ( iron1 h] regions ( /one coal1 h] valleys ( lime/one & m>ble1 h] f\nta9s ( salt1 h] imm5se %eep-walks = wool1 h] vic9ity to ! cotton fields1 h] innum]able wat]falls1 h] bays1 h>bors1 & riv]s = circulat+ products on e side2--9 %ort1 e mat]ial & e conv5i5ce necess>y = manufactur+ indu/ry4 ,above all1 ?9k ( ,ri*mond1 nature's *os5 site = ! greate/ manufactur+ city 9 ,am]ica1--h] b$s ( coal & iron1 j at h&1 h] incomp>able wat] p[]1 h] tide-wat] navigation1 conduct+ sea vessels f ! foot ( h] falls1 & above !m h] f9e canal to ! m\nta9s1 ?r\gh :i* lie ! %orte/ r\tes f ! ea/]n tides to ! great riv]s ( ! we/ & ! s\?-we/4 ,?9k1 also1 t ?is ,ri*mond1 9 old ,virg9ia1 8! "m ( /ates10 has enjoy$ ^! unp>allel$ advantages ev] s9ce ! ,unit$ ,/ates became a nation2--& !n ?9k aga91 t ?is same ,ri*mond1 ! metropolis ( all ,virg9ia1 has few] manufactures ?an a ?ird-rate ,new ,engl& t[n2--few]1--n ?an ! new city ( ,l[ell1 :i* is beyond all comp>ison1--b few] ?an ! obscure place call$ ,fall ,riv]1 among ! b>r5 hills ( ,massa*usetts2--& !n1 fell[-citiz5s1 :at w y ?9k1--:at mu/ y ?9k1--( ! cause ( ?is /range ph5om5on8 ,or1 to enl>ge ! scope ( ! "q3 ,:at mu/ y ?9k has caus$ ,virg9ians 9 g5]al to neglect _! sup]lative advantages = manufactur+ indu/ry8--to disreg>d ! evid5t sugge/ions ( nature1 po9t+ out to !m ?is fruitful s\rce ( population1 weal?1 & com=t8 ,say n t ?is /ate ( ?+s is *>geable to ! apa?y ( ,virg9ians4 ,t is no?+ to ! purpose1 = x does n g to ! bottom ( ! subject4 ,:at causes ! apa?y8 ,t is ! "q4 ,! la/ c5sus gave also ! co/ ( con/ruct+ new build+s 9 ea* /ate1 exclusive ( ! value ( ! mat]ials4 ,! am\nt ( ?is is a good te/ ( ! increase ( weal? 9 a c\ntry4 ,to comp>e diff]5t /ates 9 ?is p>ticul>1 we mu/ divide ! total co/ ( build+ by ! numb] ( inhabitants1 & see :at ! av]age w be = ea* inhabitant4 ,we f9d t x is 9 ,massa*usetts1 #cfj2 9 ,connecticut1 #cej2 9 ,new ,york1 #cjj2 9 ,new ,j]sey1 #bgj2 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #caj2 9 ,m>yl&1 #bcj2 & 9 ,virg9ia1 #aaj4 ,no /ate has great] conv5i5ces = %ip navigation & %ip build+ ?an ,virg9ia4 ,yet on all h] f9e tide wat]s %e has little %ipp+2 & :at %e has is compos$ almo/ :olly ( small bay craft & a few coa/+ s*oon]s4 ,we d n blame our s\!rn p = ab/a9+ f all employm5ts ( ?is k9d4 ,:at c\ld !y d8 ,set _! negroes to build+ %ips8 ,:o ev] imag9$ su* an absurdity8 ,b c\ld !y n hire :ite m5 to d su* ?+s8 ,no2 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 s\!rn :ite m5 h no skill 9 su* matt]s2 &1 9 ! second place1 nor!rn workm5 _c be hir$ 9 ! s\?1 )\t receiv+ a heavy premium = work+ 9 a slave /ate4 ,! boa/ ( our ,we/ ,virg9ia is ! good city ( ,:eel+4 ,w\ld t %e 0 six times z l>ge1 t %e might equal ,pittsburg1 & t %e grew five times z fa/1 t %e might keep up ) h]6 ,we glory 9 ,:eel+1 because %e only1 9 ,virg9ia1 des]ves to be call$ a manufactur+ t[n4 ,= ?is h] citiz5s des]ve to be cr[n$1--n ) laurel1--b ) ! solid gold ( prosp]ity4 ,b h[ came x t ,:eel+1 & next to h]1 ,wellsburg1--( all ! t[ns 9 ,virg9ia1--%\ld become manufactur+ t[ns8 ,answ]3 ,!y brea! ! atmosph]e ( free /ates1 almo/ t\*+ !m on bo? sides4 ,b aga92 see+ t ,:eel+1 z a seat = manufactures1 is equal to ,pittsburg1 & inf]ior to no t[n 9 ,am]ica1 except ,ri*mond2 & t1 moreov]1 %e has almo/ no slaves2 :y is ,:eel+ s f> beh9d ,pittsburg1 & comp>atively s sl[ 9 h] gr[?8 ,answ]3 ,%e is 9 a c\ntry 9 :i* slav]y is e/abli%$ by law4 ,we %all expla91 by examples1 h[ a few slaves 9 a c\ntry may d its citiz5s m imm$iate injury ?an a l>ge numb]4 ,:5 a :ite family own fifty or "o hundr$ slaves1 !y c1 s long z _! l& produces well1 af=d to be indol5t & exp5sive 9 _! habits2 = ?\gh ea* yields only a small pr(it1 yet ea* memb] ( ! family has t5 or fifte5 ( ^! black "w-animals to toil = 8 support4 ,x is n until ! fields gr[ old1 & ! crops gr[ %ort1 & ! negroes & ! ov]se] take ne>ly all1 t ! day ( ru9 c be no long] po/pon$4 ,if ! family be n v indol5t & v exp5sive1 ?is inevitable day may n come be=e ! ?ird g5]ation4 ,b ! ru9 ( small slavehold]s is (t5 accompli%$ 9 a s+le lifetime4 ,:5 a :ite family own five or t5 slaves1 !y _c af=d to be indol5t & exp5sive 9 _! habits2 = "o black drudge _c support "o :ite g5tleman or lady4 ,yet1 because !y are slavehold]s1 ?is family w feel "s aspirations = a life ( easy g5tility2 & because field "w & kit*5 "w are negroes' "w1 ! "y g5tlem5 w dislike to g ) ! negroes to dirty field "w1 & ! "y ladies w dislike to jo9 ! black sluts 9 any sort ( h\sehold labor4 ,su* un?rifty s5tim5ts are ! natural consequ5ce ( introduc+ slaves among ! families ( a c\ntry1 especially negro slaves4 ,!y infallibly gr[ & spread1 creat+ among ! :ite families a di/a/e = all s]vile labor1 & a desire to procure slaves :o may take all drudg]y (f _! h&s4 ,?us g5]al indu/ry gives way by degrees to indol5t relaxation1 false notions ( dignity & ref9em5t1 & a ta/e = fa%ionable luxuries4 ,!n debts slyly accumulate4 ,! result is1 t _m families are compell$ by _! emb>rassm5ts to sell (f & leave ! c\ntry4 ,_m :o are unable to buy slaves leave x also1 because !y feel degrad$1 & _c prosp]1 :]e slav]y exi/s4 ,citiz5s ( ! valley6 is x n s8 ,is n ?is ! *ief reason :y y\r beautiful c\ntry does n prosp] l ! nor!rn valleys8 ,we h exam9$ ! c5sus ( c\nties = ! la/ ?irty or =ty ye>s1 9 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ) ! view to discov] ! law ( population 9 ! nor!rn slave /ates4 ,! foll[+ are among ! g5]al results3-- ,:5 a c\nty _h at fir/ comp>atively few slaves1 ! slave population1 except ne> ! free bord]s1 ga9$ ^u ! :ites1 & mo/ rapidly 9 ! old] p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! population1 z a :ole1 increas$ s long z ! slaves 7 few] ?an ! :ites1 b m sl[ly z ! numb]s approa*$ to equality4 ,9 our valley1 a small] proportion ( slaves _h ! effect ( a l>g] "o 9 ,ea/ ,virg9ia1 to ret>d ! increase ( population4 ,:5 ! slaves became z num]\s z ! :ites 9 ! ea/]n & old] p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 population came to a /&2 :5 !y outnumb]$ ! :ites1 x decl9$4 ,consequ5tly1 ! slave population has t5d$ to diffuse itself equally ov] ! c\ntry1 ris+ m rapidly z x 0 fur!r bel[ ! :ite population1 & go+ d[n :5 x _h ris5 above !m4 ,! price ( cotton has regulat$ ! price ( negroes 9 ,virg9ia2 & s x mu/ cont9ue to d2 because slave labor is unpr(itable "h1 & no?+ keeps up ! price ( slaves b _! value z a m>ketable commodity 9 ! s\?4 ,ea/]n negroes & we/]n cattle are alike 9 ?is1 t1 if ! m>ket abroad g d[n or be clos$1 bo? sorts ( animals1 ! horn$ & ! woolly-head$1 become a wor?less drug at home4 ,! fact is1 t our ea/]n bre?r5 mu/ s5d (f1 on any t]ms1 ! increase ( _! slaves1 because _! impov]i%$ c\ntry _c su/a9 ev5 its pres5t /ock ( negroes4 ,we jo9 n ! ,engli% & ,am]ican abolition cry ab\t 8slave-bre$+0 9 ,ea/ ,virg9ia1 z if x 7 a *os5 occupation1 & !re=e a reproa*ful "o4 ,x is no su* ?+1 b a case ( dire necessity1 & _m a he>ta*e does x co/ ! good p !re4 ,b behold 9 ! ea/ ! doleful consequ5ces ( lett+ slav]y gr[ up to an oppressive & he>t-sick5+ burd5 ^u a community6 ,ca/ x (f1 ,we/ ,virg9ians1 :il/ yet y h ! p[]2 = if y let x desc5d unbrok5 to y\r *ildr51 x w h gr[n to a m\nta9 ( mis]y ^u _! heads4 ,good policy w require ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ere long1 to close _! m>kets aga9/ nor!rn negroes4 ,:5 ! s\!rn slave m>ket is clos$1 or :51 by ! r$uc$ pr(its ( slave labor 9 ! s\?1 x becomes glutt$1--!n ! /ream ( ,virg9ia negroes1 h]et(ore p\r+ d[n ^u ! s\?1 w be ?r[n back ^u ! /ate1 &1 l a riv] damm$ up1 mu/ spread itself ov] ! :ole t]ritory ( ! commonweal?4 ,! head spr+ 9 ,ea/ ,virg9ia _c conta9 itself2 x mu/ f9d v5t2 x w %$ its black /reams ?r\gh e gap ( ! ,blue ,ridge & p\r ov] ! ,alleghany1 till x is *eck$ by abolitionism on ! bord]s4 ,b ev5 abolitionism _c f9ally /op x4 ,abolitionism itself w tol]ate slav]y1 :5 slavehold]s gr[ sick & tir$ ( x4 ,9 pla9 t]ms1 fell[-citiz5s1 ea/]n slavehold]s w come ) _! multitudes ( slaves to settle ^u ! fre% l&s ( ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,ea/]n slaves w be s5t by ?\s&s = a m>ket 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,e valley w e*o ) ! cry1 8,negroes6 ,negroes = sale6 ,dog *eap6 ,dog *eap60 ,& because !y are dog *eap1 _m ( our p w buy !m4 ,we h %[n h[ slav]y has prep>$ ! p = ?is2 h[ a little slav]y makes way = m1 & h[ ! law ( slave increase op]ates to fill up e "p ( ! c\ntry to ! same level ) slaves4 ,& !n1 fell[-citiz5s1 :5 y h suff]$ y\r c\ntry to be fill$ ) negro slaves in/ead ( :ite freem52 :5 its population %all be z motley z ,joseph's coat ( _m colors2 z r+-/reak$ & speckl$ z fa!r ,jacob's flock 0 9 ,padan ,aram1--:at w ! :ite basis ( repres5tation avail y1 if y obta9 x8 ,:e!r y obta9 x or n1 ,ea/ ,virg9ia w h triumph$2 or1 r1 slav]y w h triumph$1 & all ,virg9ia w h become a l& ( d>kness & ( ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,!n1 by a =be>ance :i* has no m]it1 & a sup95ess :i* has no excuse1 y w h giv5 to y\r *ildr51 = _! inh]itance1 ?is lovely l& black5$ ) a negro population1--! (fsc\r+s ( ,ea/]n ,virg9ia1 ! fag-end ( slav]y1 ! loa?some dregs ( t cup ( abom9ation :i* has already sick5$ to dea? ! ea/]n half ( our commonweal?4 ,delay1 n1 !n1 we besee* y1 to raise a b>ri] aga9/ ?is ,/ygian inundation1 to /& at ! ,blue ,ridge1 & ) sov]eign en]gy say to ?is ,black ,sea ( mis]y1 8,hi!rto %alt ?\ come1 & no f>!r40 ,,footnotes3 #a ,mr4 ,madison ?\ght ! orig9al ord9ance to be cle>ly invalid4 ,see ,f$]ali/1 ,no4 #ch4 ,x is j z cle> t he ?\ght ! con/itution gave validity to x4 ,see ,f$]ali/1 ,no4 #dc4 #b ,"h ,mr4 ,,hilli>d1 ( ,alabama1 rose to ask if ! s\?1 by ! ,miss\ri compromise1 _h n surr5d]$ its "r to c>ry slav]y nor? ( ! compromise l9e8 ,8 "q 0 n und]/ood4 ,if x _h be51 x w\ld h be5 repli$1 t ! exi/5ce ( slav]y at ,new ,orleans1 & a few o!r places 9 ,l\isiana1 at ! "t ( ! treaty ) ,france1 by no means e/abli%$ ! "r to c>ry x to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 if ! treaty ext5d$ s f>4 ,slav]y be+ aga9/ natural "r1 c only exi/ by virtue ( positive law1 back$ by =ce suffici5t to protect x4 ,x c\ld n lawfully exi/1 !re=e1 9 any "p ( ,l\isiana1 :i* _h n be5 laid out1 organiz$1 & subject$ to ! civil jurisdiction ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,su* 0 n ! case ) any "p ( ! t]ritory nor? ( ! compromise l9e1 & !re=e no?+ 0 surr5d]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! =mation ( ! t]ritorial gov]nm5ts ( ,orleans1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 & ,florida1 a va/ ext5t ( c\ntry 0 surr5d]$ to slav]y4 ,& ?is is indep5d5t ( ! "q :e!r ,congress1 by ! con/itution1 has any m "r to e/abli% slav]y any :]e ?an x has to e/abli% an inquisition1 create an ord] ( nobility1 or ano9t a k+4 #c ,essays on ,dome/ic ,indu/ry1 or an ,inquiry into ! ,exp$i5cy ( e/abli%+ ,cotton ,manufactories 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahde4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,op5+ ,,argum5t ,,9 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates vs4 ,,daniel ,,drayton1 ,,indict$1 7,,9 ,,=ty-,,"o ,,sev]al ,,bills ,,( ,,indictm5t17 ,,= ,,/eal+ ,,& ,,c>ry+ ,,away1 ,,9 ,,! ,,s*oon] ,,pe>l1 ,a ,,c>go ,,( ,,slaves ,,f ,,wa%+ton1 ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia1 ,,on ,,! ,,night ,,( ,,! #ae,,? ,,( ,,april1 #ahdh2 ,,tri$ ,,be=e ,,?omas ,h4 ,,craw=d1 ,,judge ,,( ,,! ,,crim9al ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,key1 ,,di/rict ,,attorney2 ,,horace ,,mann ,,& ,,james ,m4 ,,c>lisle1 ,,c\nsel ,,= ,,! ,,prison]4 ,,g5tlem5 ,,( ,,! ,,jury2 ,i rise be=e y "u circum/ances r>ely exce$$ 9 emb>rassm5t4 ,i am an utt] /rang] to 8 honor1 ! judge1 & to all ( y1 g5tlem51 :o compose ! jury4 ,among all ! eag] faces 9 ?is cr[d$ hall1 !re is n "o ) :i* ,i am famili>4 ,i suppose !re is n "o man 9 ?is va/ assembly :o has any sympa?y = my cli5t or = me4 ,! case be=e u is ackn[l$g$1 on all sides1 to be "o ( great mom5t4 ,x directly affects human int]e/s1--l>ge pecuni>y int]e/s1--& ^! are among ! mo/ active & p[]ful ( human impulses4 ,x is a case :i* has giv5 bir? to great excitem5t4 ,x has be5 n>rat$ ) =midable exagg]ations 9 ! public pap]s2 x has be5 angrily discuss$ 9 bo? h\ses ( ,congress1 & bruit$ ov] ! l&4 ,f :at has transpir$ 9 & ab\t ?is c\rt room1 s9ce ! trial comm5c$1 ,i p]ceive t ea* individual seems n only to be conv9c$ t ! prison] at ! b> has committ$ a great (f5ce1 b1 l a light reflect$ f a multiply+ glass1 he sees t (f5ce multipli$ a ?\s& fold 9 ! op9ions & feel+s ( ^? ar\nd him4 ,i _c =be> to add1 t x is a case1 also1 :i*1 9 "s ( its aspects1 t\*es ! deepe/ & t5d]e/ sympa?ies ( ! human he>t2 = ?is prosecution n only deals ) human be+s z (f5d]s1 b ) human be+s & human rights1 z ! subject matt]s ( ! (f5ce4 ,we h be5 call$ to trial1 too1 at an untimely h\r4 ,i h n _h "t = ! prep>ation & inve/igation :i* s important a case dem&s4 ,add$ to ?is1 my colleague1 ,mr4 ,,c>lisle1 0 tak5 ill on ! day he 0 reta9$1 &1 until ! ev5+ imm$iately prec$+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! trial1 ,i _h no opportunity = a s+le int]view ) him1 & !n b = an h\r1 9 8 sick *amb]4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 too1 z "s ( y may "k1 my att5tion has be5 call$ away by (ficial duties else:]e4 ,g5tlem51 let me come a little clos] to my relations to ?is case & to y\rselves4 ,i /& "h1 on ?is side ( ! table2 y sit !re1 on ! o!r side4 ,our p]sons are ne> to ea* o!r2 b %\ld ,i n greatly deceive myself1 7 ,i to suppose t our op9ions 7 z ne> toge!r z our p]sons8 ,we are )9 %ak+-h&s' di/ance ( ea* o!r2 /ill1 our convictions & s5tim5ts on c]ta9 subjects may be wide asund] z ! poles4 ,on a subject ( va/ importance & gravity1--a subject reflect$ f e feature ( ?is case1--,i 0 born1 & f my bir? h be5 tra9$ up1 9 "o set ( ideas2 & ,i mean no disc\rtesy :5 ,i say t y h be5 born & tra9$ 9 ano!r set ( ideas4 ,h5ce x is natural1 yes1 x is inevitable1--is x n8--t we %\ld approa* ?is subject ) widely diff]5t views1 &1 z x 71 f opposite po9ts ( ! moral compass4 ,i am admoni%$1 !n1 9 ! outset1 t y\r prepossessions are aga9/ me4 ,! frame ( y\r m9ds mu/ be adv]se to ! reception ( my views4 ,we are 9 a position :]e ! he>]1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 braces himself aga9/ ! pressure ( ! speak]'s argum5ts4 ,& ( all difficult positions 9 :i* advocate or orator 0 ev] plac$1 ! mo/ difficult is t ( enc\nt]+ ! hone/ antipa?ies ( 8 he>]s4 ,! he>t1 secure 9 its own convictions1 closes itself aga9/ ! argum5t t w\ld ov]?r[ !m1 z a fond p>5t b>s 8 doors aga9/ ! foe t w\ld c>ry away 8 *ildr54 ,b1 g5tlem51 amid all ^! adv]se circum/ances1 & amid ^! conflicts ( ho/ile & p]haps irreconcilable feel+s1 is !re n "s common gr\nd on :i* y & ,i c /& toge!r1 & greet ea* o!r z bre?r58 ,is !re n "o spot :]e we c /& side by side1 z fri5ds1 sympa?ize ) ea* o!r1 & act toge!r 9 h>mony8 ,yes1 g5tlem51 !re is "o su* spot4 ,x is ! gr\nd ( ,,duty4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i h c]ta9 duties to p]=m2 y1 too1 h c]ta9 duties to p]=m2 & ! feel+ ( a common duty is always creative ( ! feel+ ( bro!rhood4 ,we are call$ to ^! duties z by ! voice ( ,god2 we are to p]=m !m z "u ! eye ( ! ,omnisci5t4 ,"h we are emb>k$ 9 a common cause4 ,f ?is mom5t1 !n1 let all feel+s ( ali5ation or repugnance be bani%$ f betwe5 u4 ,g5tlem51 ?is prison] has reque/$ me to be 8 c\nsel2 & ,i1 p]haps unwisely1 h acc$$ to 8 reque/4 ,i h tak5 an oa? to be true to him4 ,?is has impos$ c]ta9 responsibilities ^u me1 :i*1 be=e ,heav51 ,i may n escape4 ,9 ?is ,i f9d my /r5g?4 ,) ! fi]ce excitem5t1 :i* blaz$ =? 9 ?is ,di/rict :5 ! prison]s ( ! 8,pe>l0 7 fir/ arre/$1 /ill hot ar\nd me2 ) ! g5]ally adv]se feel+s :i* ,i suppose y ent]ta9 t[>ds ! side ( ! cause :i* ,i h esp\s$1 & !re=e aga9/ its advocate2 ) ^! ?rong$ spectators1 :o %[1 at e turn & incid5t ( ! trial1 :at _! feel+s are t[>ds ! prison] & 8 def5d]s1 ,i %\ld n be able to /& "h "o mom5t1 7 x n = ! support+1 uplift+ s5tim5t1 gl[+ ?r\gh e fibre ( my frame1 t ,i am "h 9 ! p]=mance ( a high & holy duty4 ,9 all else ,i may be weak2 9 ?is ,i am /rong4#d ,s y1 g5tlem51 sit !re to p]=m a duty4 ,swe>+ ^u ! ,holy ,evangeli/s1 y h invok$ ! v5geance ( ,heav5 ^u y\r s\ls1 if1 consci\sly & witt+ly1 y sw]ve a hair's bread? f ! l9e ( rectitude2 if y all[ any p>tiality 9 favor ( a *]i%$ in/itution1 or any prejudice aga9/ ! prison]1 to close y\r eyes or bl9d y\r m9ds to any fact ( evid5ce or rule ( law :i* may be adduc$ 9 8 behalf4 ,i might ev5 add a consid]ation ( a light] nature lead+ to ! same result4 ,y\r =tune & m9e1 = "s days to come1 ,i suppose to be settl$4 ,i "k n h[ protract$ ?is trial may be1 b1 g5tlem51 we are 9 x1 = long] or %ort]1 = bett] or worse2 & :ile we are 9 x1 we %all be oblig$ to come toge!r f day to day1 & live 9 ea* o!r's pres5ce & company4 ,n[1 ,i tru/ y h too mu* philosophy ab\t y to make bad worse4 ,& s ( myself4 ,7 we fell[-travell]s 9 ! same /age-coa* or /eamboat1 & 7 doom$ to be s = a week or a =tnight1 x w\ld be mo/ unwise to add to our inevitable discom=ts t ( /riv+ to annoy ea* o!r2 s1 :5 pack$ toge!r 9 ?is room1 :i* seems to h be5 con/ruct$ = creatures t d n brea!1 & ) ! !rmomet] above n9ety degrees1 ,i tru/ any icy feel+s we may h _h t[>ds ea* o!r w spe$ily melt away4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i he>tily concur1 & ,i tru/ y w d ! same1 9 ! op9ion ( ! old man :o decl>$1 accord+ to ! anecdote1 t aft] ! exp]i5ce ( a long life1 he _h f\nd x be/ to submit to :at he c\ld n possibly help4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! bus9ess be=e u8 ,daniel ,drayton is set "h at ! b> *>g$ ) a grave (f5ce1 & y are impanell$ to try him4 ,& :o is ,daniel ,drayton8 ,we %all prove to y t he is a man ( sob] & indu/ri\s life1 aga9/ ^: "*1 z a j1 upright1 exempl>y citiz51 no *>ge 0 ev] be=e pref]r$4 ,:atev] may h be5 8 errors 9 reg>d to ! transaction :i* has br\ght him be=e y1 he has1 9 consequ5ce ( x1 pass$ ?r\gh sc5es :i* mu/ move y\r sympa?y4 ,he has be5 torn f 8 family & immur$ 9 a loa?some cell4 ,f feel+ t s5se ( security f lawless viol5ce1 :i* e man1 :e!r guilty or innoc5t1 is entitl$ to feel1 he has be5 9 imm95t dang] ( be+ torn 9 pieces by an infuriat$ mob4 ,yes1 g5tlem51 on ,tuesday1 ! eighte5? day ( ,april la/1 ?is man1 ?is fell[-citiz5 ( ours1 9 ?is capital ( ! nation1 )9 sight ( ,congress1 & ( ! ,presid5t's h\se1 & )9 he>+ ( !m1 too1 0 pursu$ by a mob1 f ne> ! riv]'s side on ! s\? ( u to ! v doors ( ! jail on ! nor?1--a mob e/imat$ to consi/ ( f f\r to six ?\s& p1--_m ( !m arm$ ) deadly weapons2 ! ?ru/s ( a dirk knife1 :i* 0 drawn ^u him1 com+ )9 an in* ( 8 body2 amid wra?ful cries ( 8,hang him60 8,lyn* him60 accompani$ by all ! pr(anities & abom9ations ( spee* :i* usually issue f ! f\l ?roat ( t hide\s mon/]--,a ,,mob4 ,arriv$ at ! jail1 ! mob besieg$ him !re4 ,:5 aft]w>ds1 & :ile "u exam9ation be=e magi/rates ( ! city1 a di/+ui%$ g5tleman & memb] ( ,congress1 ! ,hon4 ,jo%ua ,r4 ,gidd+s1 ( ,ohio1 appe>$ at 8 reque/ & 9 8 def5ce1 ! mob surr\nd$ ! gates ( ! jail1 dem&+ ! imm$iate expulsion ( ! c\nsel2 & ! jail]1 to save blood%$1 insi/$ ^u 8 dep>ture4 ,! /orm swept beyond ! prison & ! prison]4 ,x assail$ all :o 7 suppos$ to sympa?ize ) him4 ,! (fice ( a newspap] 9 ?is city1 7! ,national ,era17 0 ?reat5$ ) demolition4 ,at a mob meet+1 votes 7 pass$1--)\t any great scrut9y1 ,i presume1 into ! qualifications ( ! vot]s1--t ! pap] %\ld be discont9u$4 ,its editor 0 wait$ ^u at night1 or at midnight1 by a mob-elect$ committee1 & a p]emptory dem& 0 made ^u him to remove 8 e/abli%m5t beyond ! ,di/rict1 or to ab&on x4 ,b ,i w n dwell long] ^u ^! details1 s disgraceful to ! capital ( a republic t calls itself free1 & s abhorr5t to ! feel+s ( e "r-m9d$ man4 ,7 ,i to enum]ate all ! p]ils1 ! indignities1 & ! privations to :i* my cli5t has be5 subject$1 ! day w\ld be too %ort = ! n>ration4 ,aft] ,drayton's exam9ation1 he 0 held to bail4 ,& :at1 ?9k y1 0 ! am\nt ( ! bail dem&$8 ,sev5ty-six ?\s& doll>s6 & sev5ty-six ?\s& doll>s also = ea* ( ! o!r prison]s1--#bbh1jjj = ! sev5ty-six alleg$ slaves1 :5 ! common m>ket value ( su* slaves 9 ?is neighborhood w\ld n1 ,i suppose1 be m ?an ?ree or f\r hundr$ doll>s apiece2--& ?\gh all ( !m1 too1 _h be5 return$1 & 7 9 possession ( _! claimants at ! "t4 ,has ! fact nev] yet come to ! k ( ! magi/rates ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 t ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates decl>es t 8excessive bail %all n be requir$08 ,b1 g5tlem51 ^! are n ! only h>d%ips & oppressions to :i* my cli5t has be5 subject$4 ,h[ _m1 at ! mo/1 are ! (f5ces aga9/ ! laws ( ?is ,di/rict :i* he has committ$8 ,he came "h on ! #ac? ( ,april1 9 ! s*oon] ,pe>l4 ,he dep>t$ on ! #ae?4 ,on ! #ag?1 he 0 arre/$ ne> ! m\? ( ! ,potomac1 ) a company ( alleg$ slaves on bo>d 8 vessel4 ,0 n ?is all "o transaction8 ,c x be divid$ & sep>at$ into a multitude ( di/9ct (f5ces8 ,c ?is "o de$ be made an (f5ce aga9/ diff]5t laws8 ,if n1 !n !re is ano!r clause 9 ! con/itution set at n\ght1--t clause :i* decl>es t no p]son %all be 8subject = ! same (f5ce to be twice put 9 jeop>dy ( life or limb40 ,& yet1 g5tlem51 :at d we f9d on ! records ( ?is c\rt8 ,"o hundr$ & fifte5 indictm5ts aga9/ ?is prison] = ?is "o act2 & "o hundr$ & fifte5 indictm5ts also aga9/ ea* ( ! o!r prison]s = engag+ 9 ! same4 ,?ree hundr$ & =ty-five indictm5ts6 ,reams ( indictm5ts = a s+le de$6 ,nor is ?is ! only inju/ice4 ,ea* ( ! prison]s is indict$ = hav+ violat$1 by ?is "o act1 sep>ate & di/9ct laws4 ,!re is an old law ( ,m>yl& aga9/ /eal+ slaves1 & ano!r law aga9/ transport+ !m out ( ! jurisdiction2 & ^! laws are claim$1 by virtue ( an act ( ,congress1 to be 9 =ce 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,n[1 if ! prison] /ole ! slaves1 he is n guilty ( ! sep>ate (f5ce ( transport+4 ,if he is guilty ( transport+1 he is n guilty ( /eal+4 ,t ! two (f5ces %\ld h be5 committ$ by "o & ! same act1 is a legal impossibility4 ,if ! gr& jury fir/ f\nd ! prison] guilty ( ! (f5ce ( /eal+ ! slaves1 !y !reby decl>$ t he 0 n guilty ( ! diff]5t (f5ce ( transport+4 ,or1 if !y fir/ f\nd him guilty ( ! (f5ce ( transport+1 !y !reby decl>$ t he 0 n guilty ( ! sep>ate (f5ce ( /eal+4 ,to proce$1 !re=e1 aft] a f9d+ = "o (f5ce1 to *>ge ! prison] ) ! o!r1 0 n only a legal absurdity1 b a griev\s inju/ice4 ,besides1 if ^! slaves 7 /ol51 z is alleg$1 f =ty-"o diff]5t ma/]s1 ! :ole might h be5 *>g$ 9 diff]5t c\nts 9 ! same indictm5t1 & ! prison] might be f\nd guilty ^u z _m ( ! c\nts z law & evid5ce w\ld w>rant4 ,s !re 0 b "o act ( transportation4 ,ev51 !re=e1 if x 7 j to *>ge ! prison] ) ! brea* ( two diff]5t laws = ! same act1 /ill1 z ! transportation ( ! :ole 0 b "o1 x %\ld h be5 *>g$ only 9 "o indictm5t4 ,see h[ fatal to any man mu/ su* a c\rse ( proce$+ be4 ,if ! /eal+ 7 *>g$ 9 "o indictm5t1 x w\ld be tri$ by "o jury2 & ! evid5ce be+ to a great degree ! same1 ! :ole trial might be br\ght )9 a limit$ p]iod ( "t4 ,b ) =ty-"o indictm5ts1 !re mu/ be =ty-"o trials1 be=e =ty-"o diff]5t juries2 = nei!r gov]nm5t nor prison] w\ld cons5t t a jury1 :o _h giv5 an adv]se v]dict1 %\ld try ano!r ( ! cases4 ,n[1 g5tlem51 ,i c>e n = ! enorm\s exp5se ( su* a proce$+1--t5 doll>s on ea* indictm5t1 enur+ to ! b5efit ( ! di/rict attorney1-- ,"h ,mr4 ,,key1 ! di/rict attorney1 int]rupt$ & said3 ,if ,mr4 ,mann ?9ks ,i am to h t5 doll>s on ea* ( ^! indictm5ts1 he is mi/ak52 & 9 my argum5t to ! jury ,i %all d5y x4 ,mr4 ,,c>lisle4 ,mr4 ,mann is n mi/ak5 9 ! g5]al /atem5t1 t ! di/rict attorney receives t5 doll>s on ea* indictm5t4 ,he receives t5 doll>s on ea*1 until ! income ( 8 (fice am\nts to six ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,x is only :5 ! emolum5ts ( ! (fice rea* t sum t he ceases to draw 8 t5 doll>s on ea* indictm5t4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,i 0 say+1 g5tlem51 t ,i c>e comp>atively no?+ = ! am\nt ( exp5se incurr$ 9 consequ5ce ( ^! ?ree hundr$ & =ty-five indictm5ts4 ,f> grav] consequ5ces ?an ! m]e exp5diture ( money are involv$4 ,:o c ma9ta9 or survive a conte/ aga9/ su* a ho/ ( indictm5ts1 su/a9$ by all ! p[] & res\rces ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,7 a man ri* z ,crsus1 x w\ld exhau/ 8 means4 ,7 he brave z a m>tyr1 x w\ld outwe>y 8 endurance4 ,7 he innoc5t z a *ild unborn1 /ill1 on ! m]e doctr9e ( *ances1 he might fail 9 "s "o case1 out ( su* a multitude4 ,7 he 9 ! prime ( life1 its sett+ sun might g d[n 9 d>kness & sorr[ be=e ! f9al v]dict ( acquittal c\ld be pron\nc$ 9 8 favor4 ,"u su* a practice ) reg>d to indictm5ts1 c\pl$ ) su* a practice 9 reg>d to bail1 an accusation w\ld be z fatal z crime itself1 h[ev] innoc5t ! accus$ might be4 ,! law provides a /atute ( limitations z to (f5ces4 ,c\ld x h =ese5 su* an abuse z ?is1 x w\ld h provid$ a /atute ( limitations aga9/ ! numb] ( prosecutions = a s+le (f5ce2 = ! gov]nm5t might z well try a man1 on a sep>ate indictm5t1 = ea* hair ( a horse he _h /ol51 & hold him1 on ea* ( !m1 to sep>ate bail4 ,! ,engli% c\rts1 g5tlem51 h provid$ a rem$y = ! beg9n+s ( ?is inju/ice4 ,!y h decid$1 aga9 & aga91 t :5 ev5 two indictm5ts are f\nd aga9/ a man = ! same (f5ce1 !y w compel ! prosecutor to make 8 election betwe5 !m1--to proce$ ^u "o & ab&on ! o!r4 #b ,lea*'s ,cr4 ,cas41 #fjh1 ,rex vs4 ,doran4 #c ,c>r4 ,p4 #dab1 ,rex vs4 ,smi?4 ,ib4 ,rex vs4 ,fl[]1 #dac4 #c ,t4 ,r4 ,"y vs4 ,! ,k+1 79 error17 #ajf4 ,see1 also1 9 support ( ! same pr9ciple1 ,new ,york ,revis$ ,/atutes1 vol4 #b1 "p #d1 *4 #b1 #db1 :]e provision is made t 8if !re be at any "t p5d+ aga9/ ! same def5dant two or m indictm5ts = ! same (f5ce1 or two indictm5ts = ! same matt]1 al?\gh *>g$ z diff]5t (f5ces1 ! indictm5t fir/ f\nd %all be deem$ to be sup]s$$ by su* second indictm5t1 & %all be qua%$40 ,b1 g5tlem51 !re is ano!r aspect ( ?is case1 :i* pres5ts1 9 a mann] /ill m gl>+1 ! enormity ( ! proce$+ to :i* we are subject$4 ,"u ea* ( ! =ty-"o indictm5ts aga9/ ?is prison] = /eal+1 he is liable1 if convict$1 to be s5t5c$ to tw5ty ye>s' imprisonm5t1 :i* w\ld make an aggregate imprisonm5t ( m ?an eight hundr$ ye>s4 ,me?uselah himself mu/ h be5 caught "y1 9 ord] to survive su* a s5t5ce4 ,! v %orte/ "t :i* ! c\rt1 9 its discretion1 c\ld imprison1 aft] a conviction on all ^! indictm5ts1 w\ld be two hundr$ & eighty-sev5 ye>s6 ,did ! law ev] contemplate s cruel & rev5geful a proce$+8 ,did ! law ev] suppose t ! c\rt1 aft] hav+ s5t5c$ a man to eight hundr$ ye>s' imprisonm5t1 or ev5 to two hundr$ & eighty ye>s' imprisonm5t1 %\ld g on1 & s5t5ce him to tw5ty ye>s1 or ev5 to sev5 ye>s m8--:5 ! c\rt mu/ "k t x w\ld be impos+ s5t5ces to be execut$ c5turies aft] ! prison] w\ld be dead1 & aft] he w\ld h left 8 prison1 n to return to ?is _w1 b to g to ano!r4 ,b ev5 ?is is n all4 ,beh9d ^! =ty-"o indictm5ts = /eal+ /& drawn up1 9 battle array1 aga9/ ?is same prison]1 sev5ty-f\r o!r indictm5ts = transport+ ! v slaves :om he is *>g$ to h /ol54 ,! p5alty = ea* ( ^! (f5ces is a f9e ( two hundr$ doll>s1 ) imprisonm5t till paid4 ,! aggregate ( ^! f9es w\ld be #ad1hjj4 ,b a p5alty n inflict$ by ! /atute1 b sup]add$ by ?is unw>rantable proce$+ ( ! gov]nm5t1 is ! def5ce ( sev5ty-f\r successive cases1 "u :i* ! weal?ie/1 ! /ronge/1 & ! mo/ innoc5t man mu/ break d[n1 & be swept to ru94 ,correspond+ ) ! oppressive "* ( all ^! prelim9>ies 0 ! mann] ( ! prosecutor1 9 8 op5+ argum5t4 ,he has se5 fit to use language aga9/ ! prison] ! mo/ vehem5t & d5unciatory4 ,he has imput$ to him e base motive t c actuate a deprav$ he>t1 & %[]$ ^u him ! co>se/ epi!ts t c describe a villa94 ,n[ if x %all turn out t my cli5t is innoc5t1 !n all ^! crim9ations are unju/ & cruel2 & ev5 %\ld x be prov$ t he is guilty1 x is no "p ( 8 puni%m5t to be compell$ to sit "h 9 en=c$ sil5ce1 h\r aft] h\r1 & he> himself d5\nc$ & vilifi$ 9 language z unfitt$ to 8 "* z to ! sobriety ( judicial proce$+s4 ,g5tlem51 ! repres5tative ( ! gov]nm5t1 l ! gov]nm5t itself1 %\ld be dispassionate & calm4 ,maje/y is "o ( ! attributes ( sov]eignty1 & s]5ity is insep>able f maje/y4 ,! gov]nm5t is n a be+ ( wra?1 ( f]ocity1 ( v9dictiv5ess2 & ! exhibition ( su* passions is z unsuitable to ! repres5tative ( ! gov]nm5t z to ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,?\gh ! image ( ju/ice may be repres5t$ z hold+ ! sword ( p[] 9 "o h&1 yet %e is also repres5t$ z hold+ ! balance ( equity 9 ! o!r2 b :5 ! gov]nm5t assumes ! guilt ( ! prison]1 be=e x has be5 f\nd1 & d5\nces him 9 bitt]e/ epi!ts z crim9al1 :ile z yet ! law presumes him to be innoc5t1--! only prop] emblem ( su* a gov]nm5t is an image :i*1 a few ye>s ago1 might h be5 se5 surm\nt+ ! dome ( ! c\rt h\se 9 ,taunton1 9 ! c\nty ( ,som]set%ire1 9 ,engl&1 to :i* ! arti/ _h orig9ally giv5 bo? ! balance & ! sword2 b a /orm1 c>e]+ ?r\gh ! sky1 _h swept ! balance away1 s t no?+ b ! av5g+ sword 0 left2 & !re ! hateful figure /ood al(t1 an image ( wra? untemp]$ by equity4 ,b1 g5tlem51 let me tru/ t ! prison] has at l5g? escap$ f ! turbul5t & p]il\s sc5es :i* h hi!rto de/roy$ 8 peace & ?reat5$ 8 life4 ,let me tru/ t ! fell spirits :i* prompt$ ! proposal1 made by "o ( 8 captors :ile he 0 yet on bo>d ! /eamboat1 & previ\s to 8 return to ?is city1 t he %\ld be br\ght up & hung at ! y>d-arm1--z 0 te/ifi$ to by ! gov]nm5t's witnesses1--is at l5g? exorcis$2 let me tru/ t ! demoniac cry ( v5geance :i* 0 %\t$ by ! mob1 & ! ?ir/ = blood :i* _! conduct betok5$1 :ile ! prison]1 b\nd & def5celess1 0 conduct$ f ! riv] to ! jail1 has f\nd no welcom+ response 9 y\r bosoms4 ,let me tru/1 also1 t ! viol5ce ( mann] & ! bitt]ness ( language :i* h be5 s freely employ$ 9 ! op5+ ( ?is case1 h n di/urb$ ! balance ( y\r m9ds1 or s ruffl$ _! s]5ity t ! images ( tru? %all be di/ort$ z !y are reflect$ f !m4 ,g5tlem51 ! spot on :i* a jury are seat$ %\ld be a place sep>ate & ap>t f ! re/ ( ! _w2 sacr$1 & inaccessible to ! passions & prejudices t move ! community )\t4 ,x %\ld be a place consecrat$ to ! inquiry1 8,:at is tru?80 & to ! application ( its conclusions to ! conduct ( m54 ,:5 y took y\r seats 9 t place1 y 7 sev]ally ask$ by ! c\rt :e!r y _h =m$ any op9ion respect+ ! guilt or innoc5ce ( ! prison]1 & y sev]ally answ]$ 9 ! negative4 ,! f9al op9ion1 !n1 :i* %all be express$ 9 y\r v]dict1 mu/ be an op9ion :i* y h =m$ s9ce t "t1 & f ! law & te/imony "h introduc$4 ,into t op9ion1 no o!r elem5t mu/ be all[$ to ent]4 ,! prejudg$ guilt ( ! prison]1 z manife/$ by repeat$ attempts to take 8 life2 ! dem& :i* may exi/1 & :i* ,i suppose does exi/1 out ( doors1 t he %all be convict$1 innoc5t or guilty2 ! anticipation t y are to meet an angry community1 if y acquit him2--all ^! consid]ations1 if !y obtrude ^u y\r m9ds1 mu/ be /]nly rebuk$ & bani%$4 ,! record ( y\r v]dict w survive ^! tempor>y excitem5ts4 ,x %\ld be a v]dict1 !re=e1 :i* y c look ^u1 at ! close ( life1 ) consci5ti\s satisfaction4 ,x mu/ be "o :i* y\r *ildr5 c look at ) a filial & honorable reg>d = _! fa!rs' uprightness4 ,9 a case :i* has excit$ s mu* att5tion1 bo? "h & ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 y1 too1 mu/ expect to be put on trial2 y\r v]dict w g into ! great record ( hi/ory1 to be pass$ ^u by y\r c\ntry & by po/]ity4 ,once1 g5tlem51 9 ! /ate to :i* ,i belong1 a case arose 9 :i* ! deepe/ & holie/ feel+s ( ! community 7 int5sely excit$4 ,"o ( ! preludes to ! great drama ( ! ,am]ican revolution 0 ! slaught]+1 9 ! ye> #aggj1 ( five ,am]ican citiz5s1 9 ! /reets ( ,bo/on1 by ! ,briti% soldi]y4 ,! suppos$ (f5d]s 7 br\ght to trial = ! homicide4 ,!y 7 def5d$ by ,john ,adams & ,josiah ,qu9cy1--illu/ri\s names6 ,! public brea/ ?robb$ ) excitem5t4 ,! sight ( but*]$ c\ntrym5 made ! blood see! 9 ! he>ts ( _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,if !re ev] c\ld be a case :]e ! law might be wre/$ to meet ! popul> outcry = r$ress2 if !re ev] c\ld be a case :]e ! evid5ce might be /ra9$ & di/ort$ to br+ ! facts )9 /ra9$ & di/ort$ law1 s z to visit a high outrage ) a moral1 if n a legal p5alty1 ! 8,bo/on ,massacre0 ( #aggj suppli$ all its conditions4 ,t cause 0 tri$1 & ! prison]s 7 acquitt$4 ,! /orm ( popul> disaffection soon cle>$ away1 & n[ twelve pur] & fair] names are n inscrib$ on ! roll ( fame ?an ! names ( ^? twelve jurym51 :o d>$ to brave public op9ion1 & to p]=m an act ( ardu\s1 if n ( p]il\s ju/ice4 ,noble & illu/ri\s brav]y ( ! s\l1 :i*1 :5 ! yell+ fi5ds ( popul> passion & prejudice beset ! asc5d+ pa?way ( virtue1 c look to consci5ce1 to po/]ity1 & to ,god1 & defy !m all6 ,foll[ _! example1 g5tlem51 &1 :atev] fi]ce s\nds ( public condemnation may be n[ rung 9 y\r e>s1 y w h ! same glori\s rew>d1 & y\r *ildr51 & all ! good m5 ( y\r c\ntry1 w honor y\r memories4 ,g5tlem51 9 ! vehem5t appeals :i* 7 made to y by ! gov]nm5t's c\nsel1 = ! condemnation ( ! prison]1 y 7 told t he _h 8invad$ ?is ,di/rict1 & ru?lessly c>ri$ away m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( its prop]ty20 & y 7 w>n$ t1 if y let su* a man escape1 y might z well ab&on at once all prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,b x s happ5s1 g5tlem51 t y are sworn to try ?is prison] = /eal+ ,john & ,sam1 two slaves ( "o ,&rew ,hoov]1 ( ! alleg$ value ( f\rte5 hundr$ doll>s only4 ,is ea* ( ^! =ty-"o cases aga9/ ! prison] to be inflam$ & exasp]at$ by *>g+ him ) plund]+ ! ,di/rict to ! am\nt ( m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s8 ,a pretty /rong ef=t ( fancy1 is x n8 to "w up ! f\rte5 hundr$ doll>s ( ! indictm5t into m ?an f\r millions 9 ! argum5t6 ,is ?is to be ano!r ( ! oppressive consequ5ces ( multiply+ ! "o alleg$ (f5ce ( ! prison] into =ty-"o sep>ate (f5ces8 ,is ! gov]nm5t's c\nsel to bot* up any sort ( nef>i\s *>ge aga9/ ! prison]1 & !n call ^u y to f9d him guilty on ^! /ra9$ & ov]wr\ght exagg]ations ( 8 conduct8 ,no1 g5tlem56 ,?is w\ld be to suppose t y sit !re to adm9i/] ! wor/ k9d ( ,lyn* law1--a k9d t has all its inju/ice1 :ile scre5+ itself f ! odium ( its viol5ce4 ,! object ( civil society is to protect rights & to r$ress wrongs4 ,= ^! great purposes laws are enact$1 c\rts are e/abli%$1 juries are in/itut$1 & rules ( evid5ce are fram$4 ,)\t civil society1 ea* man w\ld h a "r to pres]ve 8 own rights & to r$ress 8 own wrongs4 ,civil society takes away some?+ f a man's rights1 b x adds imm5sely to 8 p[]s2 x makes him /rong] ?an any individual oppressor1 &1 on ! :ole1 x protects its memb]s f> bett] ?an !y c\ld protect !mselves4 ,b civil society1 l e ?+ human1 is imp]fect4 ,once out ( t5 times1 or once out ( tw5ty times1 x may fail to accompli% ! end = :i* x 0 e/abli%$4 ,! v in/rum5ts x has fram$ may sometimes be ! cause ( its failure4 ,:at !n8 ,we d b fail 9 ea* t5?1 or ea* tw5tie? case1 :51 )\t ! social organization1 failure might h be5 ! g5]al rule4 ,&1 !re=e1 ev5 if a guilty p]son does sometimes escape1 all we c say is t civil society has n done its "w infallibly4 ,x has done well1 ?\gh x has n done all4 ,b suppose ?is v civil society1 wield+ z x does ! comb9$ & t]rible /r5g? ( ! :ole community1 %\ld turn its collect$ =ce aga9/ an innoc5t man1 & cru% him1 !n 9 :at an utt] & hopeless ru9 is he ov]:elm$6 ,h[ mu* bett] = him _h its p[]ful ma*9]y nev] exi/$1 ?an t he %\ld be gr\nd to p[d] b5ea? its :eels6 ,n[1 su* might be ! case ) e prison]1 if juries 7 to act )\t /rict ob$i5ce to law1 & a /rict obs]vance ( ! =ms ( law4 ,any appeals1 !re=e1 made to y1 t because ?is prison] may h committ$ "s (f5ce aga9/ law1 y are1 !re=e1 to disc>d all scruples & f9d him guilty ( ?is (f5ce1 ,i reg>d z treason aga9/ ju/ice1 z a mon/r\s p]v]sion ( judicial proce$+s2 yes1 z a ?\s& times worse ?an any guilt ( ! prison]1 ev5 suppos+ ! di/ort$ features ( ! picture1 drawn by ! gov]nm5t's c\nsel1 to be g5u9e4 ,x w\ld be no?+ less ?an ,lyn* law1 p]petrat$ by twelve pick$ & sworn m51 in/ead ( a mob4 ,g5tlem51 ! di/rict attorney 9 8 op5+ has n deign$ to tell u on :at law he proce$s4 ,he has accus$ ! prison] ( /eal+ (t5 en\gh1 b has read no /atute1 & ref]r$ to no decision1 :i* creates or describes any su* (f5ce4 ,h5ce a task :i* cle>ly belong$ to him is devolv$ ^u me4 ,aft] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,congress pass$ a g5]al law1 adopt+ ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 = t "p ( ! ,di/rict :i* _h be5 c$$ by ,m>yl&4 ,?is trial1 !re=e1 mu/ proce$ ^u laws orig9ally pass$ by ,m>yl&4 ,by ! act ( #agcg1 *4 #b1 #d1 x is provid$ t any p]son 8:o %all /eal any negro or o!r slave10 8or :o %all c\nsel1 hire1 aid1 abet1 or comm& any p]son or p]sons0 to d s1 %all suff] dea? z a felon4 ,! puni%m5t has s9ce be5 *ang$ to imprisonm5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates prison1 = a t]m ( n less ?an sev51 nor m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,"h comm5ts 7 made at l5g? on ! preamble ( ! /atute1 & ! class ( cases to :i* ! law 0 int5d$ to apply4 ,?is act 0 design$ to prev5t slaves f be+ /ol54 ,b a man might lose a slave )\t 8 be+ /ol54 ,! slave might be entic$ or p]suad$ to run away4 ,exp]i5ce1 d\btless1 made ! ma/]s aw>e ( ?is4 ,h5ce1 f\rte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 by ! act ( #agea1 *4 #ad1 #aj1 x 0 provid$ t 8if any p]son %all entice & p]suade any slave )9 ?is prov9ce to run away1 & :o %all actually run away f ! ma/]10 c41 he %all be puni%$1 c4 ,b !re 0 /ill ano!r way ( depriv+ a ma/] ( ! s]vice ( 8 slave4 ,h5ce ! act ( #agif1 *4 #fg1 #ai1 made x a sep>ate & di/9ct (f5ce = any p]son to be guilty ( 8! transport+ ( any slave or p]son1 held to s]vice10 f ! /ate4 ,n[1 "h1 g5tlem51 are f\r di/9ct legal provisions1 all design$ to protect slave prop]ty4 ,by ^! provisions1 f\r di/9ct legal (f5ces are creat$4 ,! law1 by creat+ & def9+ ^! (f5ces1 has au?oritatively decl>$ t "o ( !m is n ei!r ( ! o!rs ( !m4 8,/eal+0 is "o ?+4 8,c\nsell+1 hir+10 c41 a man to /eal1 is n /eal+ itself4 8,entic+ & p]suad+0 a slave to run away f 8 ma/] is n /eal+4 8,transport+0 a slave out ( ! jurisdiction is n /eal+4 ,! inquiry = y1 !re=e1 is :e!r ! prison] is guilty ( any ( ^! (f5ces1 & if ( any1 !n1 ( :i*4 ,n[1 g5tlem51 let me take advantage ( a map :i* is ly+ "h accid5tally be=e me1 to illu/rate ?is case4 ,f\r /ates1--,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 are "h repres5t$4 ,! b\nd>ies betwe5 !m are di/9ctly m>k$4 ,p5nsylvania is n ,m>yl&1 nor ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,m>yl& is n ,virg9ia1 nor ei!r ( ! o!rs2 & s ( ! re/4 ,j s x is ) ! (f5ces creat$ by ^! /atutes4 ,any "o ( !m is n ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,x is z pla9 t ! (f5ce ( 8transport+0 a slave out ( ! jurisdiction is z diff]5t f ! (f5ce ( /eal+ a slave1 z ?is geographical %ape ( ,m>yl& is diff]5t f ?is geographical %ape ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,z1 !re=e1 if ! geographical metes & b\nds ( ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& 7 %[n to y1 y c\ld n say1 ^u y\r oa?s1 t x 0 a description ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania2 s1 if ! (f5ce ( 8transport+0 be prov$ to y1 y _c say1 on y\r oa?s1 t x is ! (f5ce ( /eal+4 ,or take an illu/ration f o!r ?+s4 ,! object ( a sun-dial1 a wat*1 a clock1 & a *ronomet] is ! same4 ,all are made = ! measurem5t ( "t1 z all ^! laws 7 made = ! protection ( slave prop]ty4 ,b c\ld y1 !re=e1 on y\r oa?s1 convict a man ( /eal+ a *ronomet]1 :5 he _h only tak5 a clock or a wat*8 ,no1 y c\ld f9d him guilty only ( ! ?+ prov$ to h be5 done4 ,or1 aga91 suppose a law %\ld be made to protect a man's prop]ty 9 8 books2 & ! /eal+ ( books1 g5]ally1 %\ld be puni%able by five ye>s' conf9em5t 9 ! p5it5ti>y4 ,su* a g5]al law w\ld include all books4 ,suppose a subsequ5t law %\ld inflict a light] p5alty = /eal+ an octavo volume1 & a /ill light] "o = a duodecimo4 ,!n x w\ld be necess>y1 9 an indictm5t1 to set out ! k9d ( book /ol51 & no man c\ld be lawfully puni%$ = ! weighti] (f5ce :o _h only committ$ ! light]4 ,s "h1 ! fir/ law puni%$ 8/eal+10 ! next 8entic+10 & ! next 8transport+40 ,n[1 g5tlem51 ,i ma9ta9 t1 at mo/1 no?+ b ! (f5ce ( 8transport+0 has be5 prov$ aga9/ ?is prison]4 ,b he is arraign$ = /eal+4 ,:at !n1 let u inquire1 are ! +r$i5ts :i* con/itute ! (f5ce ( /eal+1--:i* are indisp5sable to its p]petration8 ,!y are1 #a4 ,t ! prop]ty %all be tak5 by ! ?ief f ! possession ( ! own]4 #b4 ,t x %all be tak5 into ! possession ( ! ?ief1--t is1 t ! tak] %all ex]cise "s act ( control or own]%ip ov] x4 ,&1 #c4 ,t ?is tak+ by ! ?ief1 f ! possession ( ! own]1 & into 8 own possession1 %all be = ! feloni\s purpose ( conv]t+ ! said prop]ty to 8 own use4 ,n[1 ,i ?9k x is n too mu* to say1 t nei!r "o ( ^! ?ree indisp5sable +r$i5ts ( l>c5y has be5 prov$ 9 ?is case4 #a4 ,x is n prov$ t ! prison] took ! two slaves m5tion$ 9 ! indictm5t f ! possession ( ,&rew ,hoov]4 ,c\ld n "s o!r p]son besides ! prison] h put x into ! heads ( ^! slaves to leave _! ma/]8 ,!re are :ite m5 9 ?is city ho/ile to ! in/itution ( slav]y1 & desir+ ! fre$om ( all slaves4 ,c\ld !y n h said to ,hoov]'s slaves1 8,"h is a s*oon] at ! :>f2 x is to sail at su* a "t2 be !re1 & y may escape to a free /ate08 ,"h1 too1 are ?\s&s ( free negroes1 or color$ p]sons1 9 ?is ,di/rict1 ) :om ! slaves are 9 daily & op5 communication4 ,c\ld !y n h infus$ into ! m9d ( ^! slaves ! idea ( lib]ty8 ,is x n a ?\s& times m probable t x 0 done by "s citiz5 9 ! ,di/rict1 or by "s color$ acqua9tance or fri5d ( !irs1 enjoy+ ! means ( con/ant communication ) !m1 ?an t x 0 done by an entire /rang] to !m1 z ! prison] 08 ,c aught be conceiv$ m absurd or prepo/]\s ?an t ! prison] %\ld g r\nd ! /reets ( ,wa%+ton1 pick+ up a slave "h & !re1 to complete 8 c>go1 z ! driv] ( a /age-coa* goes r\nd pick+ up pass5g]s8 ,%\ld he acco/ a color$ man 9 ! /reets1 & ask him if he 7 a slave1 ! *ances are ?ree to "o t ! p]son address$ w\ld turn out to be a freeman2 = ,i suppose ! proportion1 9 ?is ,di/rict1 ( ! free color$ p]sons to ! slaves to be z great z ?is4 ,if ! f\r? man or woman he might meet %\ld prove to be a slave1 h[ c\ld he "k b :at he might be address+ "o s atta*$ to ! place1 to 8 home & relatives1 & to 8 ma/]1 t ev5 ! sweets ( fre$om w\ld n tempt him to leave2 & t ! consequ5ce w\ld be an imm$iate report+ ( ! int]view1 & sudd5 detection & puni%m5t8 ,b a p]son on ! spot w\ld "k :o 7 slaves1 & :at slaves 7 discont5t$ ) _! condition2 he c\ld select ! occasion :5 a slave _h be5 puni%$ by 8 ma/]1 :5 8 body 0 sm>t+1 & 8 m9d 0 fir$ ) indignation aga9/ him1 & !n s[ ! se$s ( discont5t & ! hopes ( escape 9 a fruitful soil4 ,if1 !n1 ! slaves 71 9 fact1 in/igat$ to leave _! ma/]'s possession1 ! probabilities are a ?\s& to "o t !y 7 s in/igat$ by "s o!r p]son or p]sons resid5t "h1 & n by ! prison]4 ,if ?is 7 s1 & !y came on bo>d ! prison]'s s*oon]1 aft] hav+ abscond$ f _! ma/]1 !n he did n take !m f ,hoov]'s possession1 & s is n guilty ( ! fir/ +r$i5t 9 ! crime ( l>c5y4 ,b is !re n /ill ano!r way 9 :i* slaves may be induc$ to leave ! possession ( _! ma/]8 ,?\gh we may call m5 slaves1 yet are !y n human be+s8--degrad$ f ! natural dignity ( manhood1 x is true1 & dw>f$ 9 _! m5tal /ature1 b /ill human be+s2 subject to ! passions ( our common nature1 animat$ by its hopes1 inflam$ by its res5tm5ts1 & %r9k+ & fly+ ?r\gh fe> f ! uplift$ rod4 ,z human be+s1 c\ld n ! desire ( escape f _! ma/]'s possession h orig9at$ ) !mselves8--prompt$ by ! inw>d & in/9ctive long+s = lib]ty1 :i* spr+ p]5nial 9 ! human brea/4 ,! attorney = ! gov]nm5t1 9 8 op5+1 dwelt long & e>ne/ly on ! value ( ?is species ( prop]ty4 ,he describ$ x z ! mo/ valuable k9d ( prop]ty kn[n 9 ! ,di/rict1 & !re=e mo/ vigilantly to be gu>d$4 ,d\btless x has a c]ta9 pecuni>y value2 &1 z x increases 9 intellig5ce1 activity1 & skill1 its value is greatly enhanc$4 ,b ) ?is enhanc$ value comes a p] contra4 ,) increas$ intellig5ce & m5tal developm5t1 ! desires natural to manhood spr+ up2--! long+ = lib]ty1 & = ! possession ( free ag5cy2 ! desire ( select+ "o's own field ( labor1 & means ( enjoym5t2 ! desire ( comm&+ ! rew>ds ( "o's own toil4 ,s t1 z ! value ( a slave increases1 ! /r5g? ( ! t5ure by :i* he is held becomes less secure4 ,x is a weight ( gold susp5d$ by a cord4 ,! ma/] wi%es to increase ! mass4 ,he adds little by little1 until ! weight snaps ! cord1 & he loses ! :ole4 ,hoov] says he _h be5 (f]$ #adjj = ! two slaves m5tion$ 9 ! indictm5t1 & _h refus$ ! (f]4 ,_! s]vices 7 probably wor? to him a doll> a day ea*4 ,"o ( !m 0 employ$ 9 driv+ a c>t ab\t ! city4 ,z he saw a h&ful ( money paid to 8 ma/] e week1 or e mon?1 = 8 own e>n+s1 ?9k y he nev] ask$ himself1 :y t money c\ld n be 88 ,:5 ?ree out ( e f\r color$ m5 :om he met1 f day to day1 7 receiv+ _! own e>n+s1 & mak+ ^? e>n+s m9i/] to _! com=ts & _! pleasures1 might n ,hoov]'s slaves h said1 8,:y are n our e>n+s our own8 &1 if we _c possess !m "h1 :y %\ld we n g to a c\ntry :]e ! labor] is deem$1 9 ! language ( ,scripture1 to be wor?y ( 8 hire80 & s h fl$ ( _! own accord8 =1 ?\gh we are prone to apply ! precepts ( ! gospel to o!rs r ?an to ourselves1 yet ?is is a passage :i* !y w\ld be likely to take home4 ,b ?is is n all1 g5tlem54 ,9 ?is capital ( a nation s boa/ful ( its fre$om1 ! common air is vocal ) ! acc5ts ( lib]ty4 ,_m ( ! color$ p c read4 ,:o kn[s b "s ( !m h read ! ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce2 &1 9 _! bl9dness & simplicity ( m9d1 appli$ its immortal tru?s to !mselves8 8,all m5 are creat$ equal60 & among _! 8inali5able rights0 8are life1 ,,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess60 ,:o kn[s b t !y may h se5 ^! doctr9es1 ) a con/ellation ( names subscrib$ to !m z glori\s z any t ev] %one 9 hi/ory's firmam5t8 ,if su* ideas once got possession ( a man's m9d1 d y ?9k t fire or wat] c\ld ev] burn !m or dr[n !m out8 ,^? :o _c read1 c he>2 & if y are to keep f !m ! p]petually recurr+ sights & s\nds :i* mu/ awak5 ! quick in/9cts ( lib]ty1 y mu/ ext+ui% _! eyes1 & seal up _! e>s 9 ev]la/+ sil5ce4 ,! la/ spr+ 0 "o ( peculi> 8refre%+0 to ! ard5t lov]s ( lib]ty4 ,! rec5t ev5ts ( ,europe 7 ! !me ( e tongue4 ,n only 9 ! m>ket-place1 9 ! /reet1 & 9 aft]-d9n] conv]sations1 0 ! emancipation ( ,europe ! subject ( discussion1 b /ormy eloqu5ce ru%$ =? f ! capital ( ! nation1 l w9ds f ! cave ( olus1 & ro>$ & rav$ till all b ! dead mu/ h he>d x4 ,nay1 m1 g5tlem51 "o ( ! witnesses id5tifi$ ! day :5 ! def5dant's s*oon]1 ! ,pe>l1 came to an*or 9 ! wat]s ( ?is city1 because he rememb]$ x z ! day ( ! 8tor*light procession40 ,& :at 0 ! 8tor*light procession08 ,y all "k2--drums beat+1 music play+1 bonfires blaz+1 ! h\se ( ! ,presid5t & ( high (ficial dignit>ies illum9at$1 ! trees ( ! av5ue fancifully light$ up ) _m-color$ lant]ns2 m51 wom51 *ildr51 & slaves1 all out1 & all agog to see & to he> ( ! wond]ful ?+s :i* 8lib]ty0 _h done1 or _h n done1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,!re1 too1 mov$ 9 long procession m5 :o 7 elect$ = ! occasion1 f among ! nation's elect1--heads ( dep>tm5ts1 s5ators1 & repres5tatives1--m5 di/5d$ almo/ to bur/+ ) eloqu5ce = reg5]at$ ,europe1 :o mu/ speak or die6 ,!y m>*$ to an op5 space on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 :]e1 on an extempore ro/rum1 !y eas$ !mselves ( _! repletion ( patriotism2 :ile p ( all k9ds1 conditions1 & colors /ood bel[1 empty & agape1 to receive :at ! upp] div9ities might s5d d[n4 ,& n[ let me read to y1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 "s ( ! preci\s ?+s t 7 said on t memorable ev5+1--only two nights be=e ! escape ( ! slaves 9 ! s*oon] ,pe>l1--& see1 aft] y h ta/$ ( ! yea/1 if y c wond] at ! f]m5tation3-- 8----,ev5ts :i* hold out to ! :ole family ( man s bright a promise ( ! univ]sal e/abli%m5t ( ,,civil & religi\s lib]ty1 & ! g5]al de/ruction ( mon>*ical p[] ?r\gh\t ! _w40 8,new & ende>+ ties0--8betwe5 ! p ( lib]at$ ,france1 & ! tw5ty millions ( freem5 :o dwell1 9 all ! pl5itude ( social & political happ9ess1 betwe5 ! great seas :i* wat] ! ea/]n & we/]n %ores ( ?is va/ cont95t40 8,i feel au?oriz$ to decl>e t !re is n "o 9 ?is va/ multitude ^: sympa?ies are n deeply enk9dl$ 9 behalf ( ,france & ,fr5*m540 8----,su* has be5 ! extraord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts 9 ,france1 & 9 ,europe1 )9 ! la/ two mon?s1 t ! m delib]ately we survey ! sc5e :i* has be5 spread out be=e u1 & ! m rigidly we scrut9ize ! conduct ( its actors1 ! m confid5t does our conviction become t ! glori\s "w :i* has be5 s well begun _c possibly fail ( complete accompli%m5t2 t ! age ( ,,tyrants ,,& ,,slav]y is rapidly draw+ to a close2 & t ! happy p]iod to be signaliz$ by ! univ]sal emancipation ( man f ! fett]s ( civil oppression1 & ! recognition 9 all c\ntries ( ! great pr9ciples ( popul> sov]eignty1 equality1 & ,,bro!rhood1 is1 at ?is mom5t1 visibly comm5c+40 ,"h ,judge ,,craw=d broke 91 ) great %>pness1 & said1 8,mr4 ,,mann1 su* inflammatory language _c be all[$ 9 ?is c\rt4 ,we h in/itutions t may be endang]$ by x4 ,! c\rt ?9ks x its duty to int]f]e4 ,! c\nsel _c be all[$ to proce$ ) su* inflammatory language40 ,mr4 ,,c>lisle "h rose1 &1 = ! space ( t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 ) ! cr[d$ audi5ce hu%$ to a grave-l sil5ce1 he int]sp]s$ resi/less logic ) noble s5tim5ts1 9 a /ra9 ( eloqu5ce r>ely1 if ev]1 surpass$4 ,he v9dicat$ e ^w 8 colleague _h said1 bo? z to matt] & mann]1 & obte/$ ,heav5 to pres]ve ,am]ican tribunals ( ju/ice f foll[+ ! examples ( ! wor/ times ( ,engli% judicial tyranny1 :5 ! base/ m9ions ( ! cr[n 7 elevat$ to ! b5*1 t !y might ov]awe & aba% c\nsel 9 _! def5ce ( prison]s :om ! k+ _h =$oom$ to puni%m5t4 ,judge ,,craw=d4 7,trembl+ ) emotion47 ,mr4 ,,mann',s c\rse ( argum5t 0 p]fectly legitimate4 ,x 0 ! inflammatory language t ,i object$ to4 ,x 0 ! language1 & n ! argum5t1 t 0 objectionable4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 z ! int]dict aga9/ ! l9e ( argum5t ,i 0 pursu+1--n[ ackn[l$g$ to be j & prop]1--has be5 )drawn1 ,i take x up :]e ,i left x1 & proce$4 ,mr4 ,,key1 di/rict attorney4 ,i dem& to "k f :at pap] ! g5tleman reads4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 7,hold+ up ! pap] & po9t+ to its head+47 ,f ,mr4 ,rit*ie's ,wa%+ton ,union1 ( ,april #bj?4 ,isn't t good au?ority on ?is subject8 ,mr4 ,,key4 ,f ^: spee* does ! g5tleman read8 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,f ! spee* ( ! ,hon4 ,h5ry ,s4 ,foote1 a s5ator 9 ,congress f ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi4 ,mr4 ,,key4 ,! g5tleman _c read a pap] to ! jury1 unless he expects to prove x4 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,i d5y t z a pr9ciple2 b1 if requir$1 w call ,mr4 ,foote to swe> to 8 spee*4 ,judge ,,craw=d4 ,mr4 ,mann kn[s ,mr4 ,foote did n mean 8 language = our slaves4 7,a suppress$ laugh ar\nd ! b>47 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,may x please y\r honor1 :ile no?+1 on ! "o h&1 w ev] det] me f do+ my duty to a cli5t1 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i am mov$ to say t ,i h be5 tra9$ f my y\? to su* respect = a c\rt ( ju/ice1 t ,i w\ld say no?+ to x or be=e x :i* %\ld n be fitt+ & appropriate1 z apples ( gold 9 pictures ( silv]4 ,let me !n re/ate my argum5t1 t we may see :e!r1 & by :om1 ?is rule has be5 dep>t$ f4 ,i reit]ate1 !n1 if slaves are prop]ty1 !y are a peculi> k9d ( prop]ty4 ,!y are in/9ct ) ! common desires ( humanity1 & among !m "o ( ! deepe/ & /ronge/ is ! love ( lib]ty4 ,& j 9 proportion z _! value is increas$ by intellig5ce & developm5t1 j 9 t proportion is ! bond weak5$ by :i* !y are held4 ,9 all places slaves he> some?+1 b 9 ?is place !y he> mu*1 ( :at is said 9 behalf ( human lib]ty & ( human rights4 ,if !y he> ?is1 & are above ! condition ( brutes1 !y w apply x to !mselves4 ,e ,f\r? ( ,july oration1 if und]/ood1 is a tor* to light up ano!r ,/4 ,dom+o4 ,if !y he> ! ^w 8slave0 us$ 9 ref]5ce to ^? :o h be5 depriv$ ( _! natural rights 9 o!r c\ntries1 !y w apply t ^w to _! own condition 9 ?is4 ,if !y he> ! ^w 8tyrants0 us$ 9 ref]5ce to "o :o deprives o!rs ( _! rights1 = 8tyrants0 !y w read 8ma/]s20 & no mortal p[]1 or law1 or art1 c help x1 b by blott+ out all t is human )9 !m4 ,! slaves 9 ?is city are con/antly he>+ :at mu/ rem9d !m t !y are slaves2 & !re=e !y are con/antly incit$ to escape f _! bondage4 ,! tor*light procession1 ) its spee*es & p>ade1 0 "o among t5 ?\s& ( ^! incitem5ts4 ,! slaves1 !re=e1 :o w5t on bo>d ! ,pe>l1 might h obta9$ ! idea ( escape f "s o!r p]son ?an f ! prison]1--f "s orator :o lays d[n rules = ! m]idian ( ,europe1 :i* d n q suit ! m]idian ( ,am]ica4 ,h5ce !y might h gone & appli$ to ! prison] = a passage4 ,to ?is he might h ass5t$4 ,& if s1 !n 8 (f5ce c be no?+ beyond ! (f5ce ( 8transport+10 & is n ! (f5ce ( /eal+1 z *>g$ 9 ?is indictm5t4 ,&1 z to ! inflammatory language :i* ! c\rt *>ges me ) hav+ us$3 e ^w :i* 0 utt]$ by me1 & :i* ! c\rt *>act]izes & d5\nces z 8inflammatory10 & ?9ks n prop] to be spok5 9 ?is c\rt room1 because x may endang] ! in/itutions ( ?is city1 0 ! exact language ( ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,foote1 s5ator 9 ,congress f ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 utt]$ by him f ! ro/rum1 on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 ! mo/ public place 9 ?is city1 on ! ev5+ ( ! #ac? ( ,april la/1 to ?\s&s ( p !re assembl$1 m51 wom51 *ildr51 negroes & all4 ,i _h m>k$1 may x please ! c\rt1 sev]al o!r passages1--= ?is purpose mo/ pung5t & pi]c+1--9 ! spee*es ( t ev5+1 to be read on ?is occasion2 b z ,i ?9k bo? c\rt & jury are already pretty well appris$ ( ! p]t95cy & =ce ( my argum5t "u ?is head1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) read+ "o passage m4 ,x is f ! spee* ( ! ,hon4 ,fr$]ick ,p4 ,/aunton1 repres5tative 9 ,congress f ,t5nessee1 deliv]$ on ! same occasion1 & pr9t$ 9 ! same pap]3-- 8,x has be5 truly said "h ?is ev5+1 t our example has be5 ( ess5tial s]vice to ,france4 ,:o c d\bt x8 ,h[ diff]5t w\ld h be5 ! /ruggle = lib]ty to be secur$ by republicanism1 if !re _h be5 no example ( a /able republican gov]nm5t to :i* ! patriot c\ld po9t1 = ! enc\ragem5t ( 8 p6 ,x is said we are propag&i/s4 ,we d n1 inde$1 propagate our pr9ciples ) ! sword ( p[]2 b !re is "o s5se 9 :i* we are propag&i/s4 ,we _c help be+ s4 ,our example is contagi\s4 ,9 ! section ( ?is great c\ntry :]e ,i live1 on ! banks ( ! mighty ,mississippi riv]1 we h ! true emblem ( ! tree ( lib]ty4 ,!re y may see ! giant cottonwood spread+ 8 bran*es widely to ! w9ds ( heav54 ,sometimes ! curr5t lays b>e 8 roots1 & y behold !m ext5d+ f> ar\nd & p5etrat+ to an imm5se dep? 9 ! soil4 ,:5 ! season ( maturity comes1 ! air is fill$ ) a cotton-l sub/ance1 :i* floats 9 e direction1 be>+1 on its light w+s1 ! liv+ se$s ( ! mighty tree4 ,!y lodge ^u e bank ( s& :i* em]ges f ! bosom ( ! rec$+ tide1 & soon a "y =e/ is se5 to lift its head f ! surface ( ! b>r5 wa/e4 ,?us ! se$s ( fre$om h emanat$ f ! tree ( our lib]ties4 ,!y fill ! air4 ,!y are waft$ to e "p ( ! habitable globe4 ,& ev5 9 ! b>r5 s&s ( tyranny !y are de/9$ to take root4 ,! tree ( lib]ty w spr+ up e :]e1 & nations %all recl9e 9 its %ade40 ,& ?us1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 ,i say t :ile "s ( ! se$s ( lib]ty :i* we scatt] are waft$ to a =eign realm1 & fall ^u a =eign soil1 o!rs w drop ^u ! he>ts ( bondm5 & bondwom5 at home1 & w !re fructify & mature into _! appropriate h>ve/4 ,su*1 g5tlem51 are ! consid]ations t lead me to believe t ! slaves f\nd on bo>d ! s*oon] ,pe>l left ! possession ( _! ma/]s ( _! own accord1 or at ! private sugge/ion ( "s fri5d1 & n at t ( ! prison]2 or because !y 7 publicly incit$ !reto by t boa/ful _s among/ u :i* is =ev] %\t+ ! praises ( lib]ty1 :ile re/rict+ ! application ( its pr9ciples4 ,i !re=e inf] t ! prison] has n committ$ ! act :i* =ms ! fir/ +r$i5t 9 ! (f5ce ( l>c5y1--! tak+ ( prop]ty f ! possession ( ! own]4 #b4 ,to con/itute ! (f5ce ( l>c5y1 ! prison] mu/ h tak5 ! slaves into 8 own possession4 ,n[1 ( ?is !re is n a p>ticle ( evid5ce4 ,= aught t appe>s1 ! slaves might h be5 pass5g]s1 on bo>d 8 s*oon]1 = a f>e4 ,!y !mselves might h paid ?is f>e1 or o!rs might h paid x = !m4 ,9 ei!r case1 !y 7 no m 9 possession ( ! prison] ?an y or ,i are 9 possession ( a railroad corporation1 :5 we travel 9 its c>s4 #c4 ,! ?ird "q is1 :e!r1 ev5 if ! prison] did take ! slaves nam$ 9 ?is indictm5t f ! possession ( ,&rew ,hoov]1 & into 8 own possession1 he did s = ! feloni\s purpose ( conv]t+ !m to 8 own use4 ,! act ( /eal+1 g5tlem51 spr+s f ! impulse to acquire prop]ty1 z a means ( gratification4 ,?is impulse or desire to obta9 ! means ( enjoym5t is univ]sal4 ,! law d5\nces its p5alties aga9/ /eal+1 9 ord] to repress ! excesses ( ?is prop5sity1 & to conf9e x to hone/ acquisitions4 ,h5ce "o man may int]f]e ) ! prop]ty ( ano!r 9 a ?\s& ways1 )\t be+ guilty ( /eal+4 ,x is n ! m]e tak+ ( ano!r man's prop]ty1 !re=e1 :i* con/itutes /eal+1 b ! tak+ ( x 9 ord] to conv]t x to ! use ( ! tak]1 & s to save himself ! labor ( e>n+ x4 ,h5ce ,i may take a man's pl\gh f 8 field1 or 8 wagon f 8 b>n1 & use !m tempor>ily2 b if ,i return !m aga9 to ! own]1 x is n /eal+1 b only a trespass4 ,s1 accord+ to ! books1 ,i may take a man's horse f 8 /able1 ride him ?irty miles1 9 ord] to flee f ju/ice1 & !n1 if ,i ab&on ! horse1 x is n /eal+4 ,x is only a trespass4 ,! doctr9e1 g5tlem51 :i* ,i wi% to en=ce ^u y\r m9ds1 is1 t e act ( tak+ ano!r man's prop]ty is n /eal+4 ,:5 a wag1 rid+ ) a cl]gyman to *ur*1 took 8 s]mon f 8 pocket1 = ! purpose ( enjoy+ 8 emb>rassm5t :5 he %\ld get into ! pulpit1 & f9d himself 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy )\t any ammunition1 su* tak+ 0 n /eal+2 = d\btless ! rogue _h no int5tion ( appropriat+ ei!r ! s]mon or its morals to 8 own use4 ,s x is relat$ ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 t1 :5 he 0 a boy at s*ool1 he got )9 "o ( ! head ( 8 class4 ,b ! boy at ! head nev] made a mi/ake1 & s he /ood !re1 z p]sev]+ly z ! lett] ,a /&s at ! head ( ! alphabet4 ,b ,sir ,walt] obs]v$ t1 :5 8 classmate 0 recit+1 8 f+]s always fumbl$ ) a button on 8 jacket1 &1 wat*+ 8 opportunity at _! next romp+ on ! playgr\nd1 he cut (f ! button f 8 rival's jacket2 &1 at ! v next lesson1 ! boy1 be+ disconc]t$ at n f9d+ ! button1 miss$ 8 answ]1 & ,sir ,walt] rose to ! head4 ,b surely ?is 0 n /eal+4 ,! reason :y1 9 ea* ( ^! cases1 "o w\ld n be guilty ( /eal+1 is1 t he does n mean to make ! article tak5 8 own4 ,he gets a tempor>y advantage f x1 b does no act t proves a design ( p]man5t or unlimit$ own]%ip4 ,h5ce !re is ! broade/ & mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 /eal+ & malici\s mis*ief4 ,if "o man takes ! prop]ty ( ano!r1 m]ely to de/roy or annihilate x1 out ( ill w or rev5ge t[>ds ! own]1 ?is is malici\s mis*ief only1 & n /eal+4 ,x is n puni%$ z /eal+4 ,morally1 x may be z wrong1--p]haps worse ?an /eal+ itself4 ,b ?is impulse :i* prompts to ! de/ruction ( ano!r man's prop]ty is va/ly weak] ?an t :i* leads to its appropriation4 ,! latt] is gratifi$ a ?\s& times :]e ! =m] is once1 & !re=e ! law visits ! =m] ) ! mild] p5alty4 ,if tak+ prop]ty f its own] f rev5ge1 & = ! malici\s purpose ( de/roy+ x1 be n /eal+1 b only malici\s mis*ief1 !n surely tak+ ! prop]ty = ! b5evol5t purpose ( do+ a k9dness to ! prop]ty itself1--z to a slave1--is n /eal+4 ,take an illu/ration4 ,wild animals are ! prop]ty ( no "o4 ,! undome/icat$ h>es t run ov] my fields1 ! pigeons t fly ov] my h\se1 or ! fi%es t swim 9 my /reams1 are n my prop]ty s t !y c be ! subjects ( l>c5y4 ,if a man takes !m1 he is liable 9 trespass = ent]+ my gr\nds1 & t is all4 ,b if ,i conf9e h>es 9 a w>r51 or pigeons 9 a cote1 or fi%es 9 a se9e1 !n !y are my prop]ty1 & are ! subjects ( l>c5y1 because ,i h r$uc$ !m to possession4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 if a man %oots or cat*es !m = 8 table4--t is1 to conv]t !m to 8 own use1--he /eals !m2 b if a man m]ely releases !m f _! conf9em5t1 breaks op5 _! enclosures to let !m g free1 he is at mo/ only guilty ( malici\s mis*ief4 ,! ,engli% nobility s5d to ,france = foxes4 ,^! are caught 9 ! ,pyr5ees or o!r m\nta9s1 br\ght across ! ,engli% *annel1 & plac$ 9 ! p>ks ( noblem5 prep>atory to ! b>b>\s amusem5t ( a fox-hunt4 ,n[1 if "o "l %\ld take a fox f ! p>k ( ano!r "l1 = ! pleasure ( hunt+ him d[n1 on 8 own premises1 ?is w\ld be /eal+2 b if he %\ld only assi/ a fox to escape out ( ! p>k1 = ! b5evol5t purpose ( re/or+ him to 8 natural lib]ty1 ?is w\ld n be /eal+1 b only a trespass4 ,9 su* a case1 ! man :o enl>ges ! fox does n d x 9 ord] to save himself ! labor or exp5se ( cat*+ a fox2 t is1 he does n conv]t ! fox to 8 own use4 ,let me give y ano!r illu/ration1 :i* ,i select = ! beauty ( ! language 9 :i* x is convey$1 & = ! nobl5ess ( ! s5tim5ts t accompany x4 ,9 ! 8,s5tim5tal ,j\rney0 ( ,/]ne1 ! foll[+ incid5t is relat$3-- 8,i 0 int]rupt$1 9 ! heyday ( ?is soliloquy1 ) a voice :i* ,i took to be ( a *ild1 :i* compla9$1 x c\ld n get out4 ,i look$ up & d[n ! passage1 & see+ nei!r man1 woman1 nor *ild1 ,i w5t out )\t fur!r att5tion4 8,9 my return back ?r\gh ! passage1 ,i he>d ! same words repeat$ twice ov]1 & look+ up1 ,i saw x 0 a />l+1 hung 9 a little cage4 #8,i c't get out1 ,i c't get out1' said ! />l+4 8,i /ood look+ at ! bird1 & to e p]son :o came ?r\gh ! passage1 x ran flutt]+ to ! side :i* !y approa*$1 ) ! same lam5tation ( its captivity1--#8,i c't get out1' said ! />l+4 ,god help !e6 said ,i1 b ,i'll let !e out1 co/ :at x w2 s ,i turn$ ab\t ! cage to get at ! door4 ,x 0 twi/$ & d\ble twi/$ s fa/ ) wire1 !re 0 no gett+ x op5 )\t pull+ ! cage to pieces4 ,i took bo? h&s to x4 8,! bird flew to ! place :]e ,i 0 attempt+ 8 deliv]ance1 &1 ?ru/+ 8 head ?r\gh ! trellis1 press$ 8 brea/ aga9/ x z if impati5t4 ,i fe>1 poor creature1 said ,i1 ,i _c set !e at lib]ty4 #8,no1' said ! />l+1 #8,i c't get out4 ,i c't get out1' said ! />l+4 8,i v[ ,i nev] _h my affections m t5d]ly awak5$40 ,& !n he bur/s out into t apo/rophe to ,slav]y1 :i* has ?rill$ ! he>ts ( all 8 read]s 9 times pa/1 & w cont9ue to ?rill ! he>t ( e read] 9 all "t to come3-- 8,disguise ?yself z ?\ wilt1 /ill1 ,slav]y1 /ill ?\ art a bitt] draught6 &1 ?\gh ?\s&s 9 all ages h be5 made to dr9k ( !e1 ?\ art no less bitt] on t acc\nt4 ',tis ?\1 ?rice sweet & graci\s goddess1 ,,lib]ty1 :om all 9 public or 9 private wor%ip1 ^: ta/e is grateful1 & ev] w be s till ,nature h]self %all *ange4 ,no t9t ( words c spot ?y sn[y mantle1 or *emic p[] turn ?y sceptre into iron4 ,) !e to smile ^u him z he eats 8 cru/1 ! swa9 is happi] ?an 8 mon>*1 f ^: c\rt ?\ art exil$4 ,graci\s ,heav56 grant me b heal?1 ?\ great ,be/[] ( x1 & give me b ?is fair goddess z my companion1 & %[] d[n ?y mitres1 if x seems good unto ?y div9e provid5ce1 ^u ^? heads :i* are a*+ = !m40 ,_h ,/]ne releas$ t bird1 & s5t x abroad to rejoice 9 its native fields ( air1 w\ld 8 myriads ( read]s1 :o h be5 delight$ at ! /ory1 h convict$ him ( /eal+8 ,n[ = ! application4 ,^! slaves1 by ! law ( nature1 7 z free z y or ,i4 ,by ! law & =ce ( man1 !y h be5 subject$ to bondage4 ,if ! prison] took !m1 & took !m ei!r to sell !m or to use !m himself1 !n he took !m1 9 ! language ( ! law1 = ! feloni\s purpose ( conv]t+ !m to 8 own use2 & su* tak+ w\ld be l>c5y accord+ to ! law4 ,b if he took !m = ! purpose ( c>ry+ !m to a free /ate1 & ( ?us re/or+ !m to _! natural lib]ty1 !n he did n int5d to conv]t !m to 8 own use1 & is n guilty ( /eal+4 ,!re is ano!r view ( ?is case4 ,! h>%e/ doctr9es 9 favor ( slav]y only claim1 t a ma/] has a "r to ! s]vices ( 8 slave4 ,he has n a "r to 8 fle% & bones1 s t he c cut up ! =m] = dog's meat1 & gr9d ! latt] = compo/4 ,to con/itute l>c5y1 !n1 ( ?is k9d ( prop]ty1 ! prison] mu/ h depriv$ ! ma/] ( ! s]vices ( 8 slaves1 ) ! int5t1 ) ! feloni\s int5t1 to use ^? s]vices himself1 or to sell !m to ano!r1 :i* w\ld be ! mo/ effective act ( use4 ,b no evid5ce ( any su* int5t has be5 adduc$ 9 ?is case4 ,i !re=e ma9ta91 t nei!r ( ! ?ree +r$i5ts necess>y to con/itute ! (f5ce ( l>c5y has be5 prov$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,& n[1 g5tlem51 9 clos+1 ,i w n>rate to y ! wor/ ( ! prison]'s case4 ,i w make confession = him ( ! l5g? & bread? ( 8 (f5ce4 ,!re resides 9 ?is city a man nam$ ,daniel ,bell1 :o 0 once held z a slave1 b :o pur*as$ 8 own fre$om4 ,he _h a family1 consi/+ ( 8 wife & eight or t5 *ildr54 ,^! 7 manumitt$ by _! ma/]1 :5 he 0 br\ght to t mo/ se>*+ ( all e>?ly tribunals1--! dea? b$4 ,aft] ! ma/]'s decease1 8 heirs attempt$ to reclaim ! prop]ty2 = ! liv+ & ! dy+ h v diff]5t views on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,_! gr\nd ( claim 01 t ! ma/] 0 n ( s\nd & dispos+ m9d :5 he made ! de$ ( manumission4 ,b ! magi/rate :o prep>$ ! de$1 & be=e :om x 0 execut$ & ackn[l$g$1 set t pret5ce aside by 8 own k ( ! grantor's sanity2 & s ! family ( ,bell pass$ z free1 & 7 treat$ z free1 = ye>s4 ,at l5g? ?is magi/rate di$1 & imm$iately ! attempt to r$uce ! family to bondage 0 r5ew$4 ,a trial 0 _h1 & ?r\gh default ( ! n[ deceas$ magi/rate's te/imony1 a v]dict aga9/ !m 0 obta9$4 ,b new evid5ce 0 discov]$1 & "o ( ! mo/ respectable c\nsellors ( ?is c\rt1 ,joseph ,h4 ,bradley1 ,esq41 made oa? z to 8 belief 9 ! suffici5cy ( t evid5ce1 & mov$ = a new trial4 ,x 0 :ile ^! proce$+s 7 p5d+1 9 behalf ( ! wife & *ildr51 t !y became al>m$ le/ !y %\ld be cl&e/9ely s5t to ! s\?1 & !re be plung$ into irr$eemable slav]y4 ,believ+ !mselves free1 & fe>+ bondage1 !y did s5d to ,philadelphia = assi/ance1 7,i tell y ! wor/ ( x17 9 be+ rescu$ f su* a fate4 ,?is def5dant1 ,drayton1 be+ l$ also to believe t !y 7 free1 did come to assi/ !m4 ,drayton might h said to himself1 8,m5 g to assi/ ,poles & ,hung>ians1 & ev5 ,texans1 & get glory = x2 & :y %\ld ,i n assi/ free wom5 & *ildr5 9 imm95t dang] ( bondage80 ,he arriv$ "h on ,?ursday ev5+1 ! #ac? ( ,april1 &1 hav+ no o!r special bus9ess1 prep>$ to sail f "h1 & did s sail1 on ,saturday ev5+1 ! #ae?4 ,bell's family knew ! place :]e ! def5dant's vessel 0 an*or$1 & ! "t fix$ = its dep>ture4 ,drayton1 expect+ to meet !m !re at ! "t appo9t$1 0 n at 8 vessel dur+ ! :ole ev5+4 ,b "o ?+ happ5$ :i* he did n expect1 & _h n provid$ aga9/4 ,bell's family _h a few fri5ds :om !y ?\ght !y c\ld take ) !m4 ,!y did n propose any spoil+ ( ! ,egyptians1 b ?\ght ! escape ( a few ,israelites lawful4 ,b ^! fri5ds _h _! fri5ds1 & !y /ill ano!r circle2 & s1 :ile ! def5dant 0 abs5t f 8 vessel on ,saturday ev5+1 & )\t 8 k or cons5t1 !y flock$ d[n & /[$ !mselves 9 ! hold2 s t1--& ,i say n[1 g5tlem51 :at ,i religi\sly believe to be true1--:5 ^! slaves 7 ord]$ to come on deck aft] ! capture1 ! prison] 0 z mu* a/oni%$ z any body at ! numb] ( fi%es t _h got into 8 net4 ,^!1 g5tlem51 are ! facts1 &1 z ,i believe1 all ! important facts p]ta9+ to ?is case2 & on ^! facts we claim t y mu/ acquit ! prison] ( ! (f5ce ( l>c5y4 ,,note4 ,?is case & "o or two o!rs 7 tri$1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( a s]ies ( mo/ extraord9>y rul+s by ! c\rt1 a v]dict ( 8guilty0 0 r5d]$4 ,e lawy] kn[s t 9 ! c\rse ( a trial1 :5 c\nsel c h no "t = exam9ation or reflection1 !y take exceptions1 :]ev] an objection to ! decision ( ! judge seems probably1 or ev5 plausibly good4 ,a clew1 !re=e1 w be giv5 to ! c\rse :i* ! c\rt pursu$ ?r\gh\t ^! trials1 :5 ! fact is /at$1 t1 on appeal to ! ,sup]ior ,c\rt1 sev5te5 out ( tw5ty-f\r ( ! rul+s ( ! judge to :i* exception _h be5 tak5 7 set aside4 ,! cases = l>c5y 7 rem&$ to be tri$ anew1 :5 a v]dict ( 8n guilty0 0 r5d]$ 9 !m all4 ,drayton1 ! capta91 & ,sayres1 8 mate1 7 aft]w>ds convict$ ( 8transport+0 ! slaves1 & 7 f9$4 ,engli%1 ! 8boy10 ?\gh indict$ 9 "o hundr$ & fifte5 indictm5ts1 0 dis*>g$ )\t a trial4 ,"p ( ,bell's free family 7 ransom$2 ! re/ 7 sold & s5t to ! ,s\?4 ,al?\gh ! facts p]ta9+ to ! mob1 ! repeat$ attempts ^u ,drayton's life1 ! besieg+ ( ! jail1 & ! expulsion ( ,drayton's c\nsel f x :5 engag$ 9 8 def5ce1 all came out be=e ! gr& jury t f\nd ^! scores & hundr$s ( indictm5ts1 & ?\gh x 0 notori\s :o "s ( ! r+lead]s ( ! mob 71 yet no bill ( indictm5t 0 ev] f\nd aga9/ any ( !m4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,9 att5dance ^u ! trial1 & /ation+ !mselves z ne> z practicable to ! c\nsel = ! def5ce1 7 m5 :o cock$ pi/ols & drew dirks ^u ,drayton1 9 ! mob t pursu$ him4 ,,lett] ,,to ,,! ,,:ig ,,conv5tion1 7,,& ,,also ,,to ,,! ,,free ,,soil ,,conv5tion1 mutatis mut&is17 ,,accept+ ,,_! ,,respective ,,nom9ations ,,= ,,! ,,?irty-,,fir/ ,,congress4 ,"o p>agraph ( ?is ,lett] is omitt$1 z ref]r+ to a subject unconnect$ ) ! object ( ! pres5t volume4 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,sept4 #bc1 #ahdh4 ,,g5tlem52 ,i h receiv$ ) lively emotions ( gratitude a copy ( ! resolutions pass$ at a di/rict conv5tion1 held at ,d$ham1 on ! -- in/42 f "o ( :i* x appe>s t ,i 0 unanim\sly nom9at$ by ! conv5tion1 z _! c&idate = ! ,?irty-fir/ ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! conv5tion y h ! honor to repres5t 0 pleas$ to ref] to my views respect+ ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,"s ( ^! views 7 p>tly express$ 9 ! rem>ks made by me 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 on ! #cj? ( ,june la/2 9 ! lett] to my con/itu5ts be=e ref]r$ to2 & 9 my argum5ts be=e ! ,crim9al ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 9 ! 8,pe>l0 cases4 ,^!1 & k9dr$ views1 ,i %all improve all fitt+ opportunities t ,i may ev] enjoy to enl>ge ^u & en=ce2 & _h ,i ! tongue ( an angel1 or ! p5 ( inspiration1 ,i believe ,i c\ld use !m on no holi] !me ?an 9 k9dl+ abhorr5ce at ! wrongs suff]$ by ! slave1 & 9 melt+ ! univ]sal he>t ( humanity into pity = 8 lot2 = ,i hold x to be impossible = ! s\l ( a slave1--b5ight$1 /rangl$1 & buri$ alive z x is1--ev] fully to "k & feel ! joys ( t spiritual lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ make? 8 disciples free4 ,be pleas$1 g5tlem51 to accept my ?anks = ! v k9d mann] 9 :i* y h made kn[n to me ! decision ( ! conv5tion y repres5t1 & believe me1 ,v truly & s9c]ely1 y\rs1 c41 c41 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,febru>y #bc1 #ahdi1 ,,on ,,slav]y ,,& ,,! ,,slave ,,trade ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 ,,mr4 ,,*airman2 ,!re is a bill ^u ! speak]'s table :i* provides = aboli%+ ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,= ?ree successive days we h tri$ 9 va9 to rea* x1 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess4 ,its oppon5ts h baffl$ our ef=ts4 ,our difficulty is n 9 c>ry+ ! bill1 b 9 rea*+ x4 ,i am n )\t appreh5sion t ! la/ s&s ( ?is ,congress w run out1 )\t any action ^u ! subject4 ,ev5 %\ld ! bill be tak5 up1 x is probable t all debate ^u x w be suppress$ by t sov]eign sil5c]1--! previ\s "q4 ,h5ce ,i avail myself ( ! pres5t opportunity1 z x is probably ! only "o ,i %all h1 dur+ ! pres5t session1 to submit my views ^u x4 ,i frankly av[1 9 ! outset1 t ! bill provides = "o "p only ( an evil1 ^: rem$y1 z x seems to me1 is n only ! object ( a reasonable desire1 b ( a righte\s & legal dem&4 ,! bill proposes ! abolition1 n ( slav]y1 b only ( ! slave trade1 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,my argum5t w g to %[1 t1 )9 ! limits ( ?is ,di/rict1 slav]y ought n to exi/ 9 fact1 & does n exi/ 9 law4 ,sir1 9 ! fir/ place1 let u inquire :at is ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ?is ,di/rict on ?is subject4 ,! g5tleman f ,indiana1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,?ompson1 :o address$ u a few days s9ce1 us$ ! foll[+ language3-- 8,:at is ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia8 ,i h he>d a great deal said ab\t #8slave p5s1'--ab\t slaves sold at auction1--& ab\t /ripp+ ! "m f ! *ild1 & ! husb& f ! wife4 ,^! ?+s may exi/ "h1 b ,i d n "k ( !m4 ,s9ce ,i h be5 9 ! habit ( visit+ ! ,di/rict1--:i* is f my boyhood1--,i h nev] se5 a negro sold "h1--,i h nev] se5 a b& ( negroes tak5 (f by ! slave trad]4 ,i d n rememb] t ,i h ev] se5 ! slave trad] himself4 ,i "k no?+ ( ! #8slave p5' t is s mu* talk$ ab\t4 ,x may be "h1 h[ev]1 & ^! ?+s may happ5 e day be=e ! eyes ( g5tlem5 :o *oose to hunt !m up2 b = myself1 ,i h no ta/e = su* ?+s40 ,n[1 sir1 if ! g5tleman means to say t he has no p]sonal k ( 8slave p5s0 & ( ! slave traffic 9 ?is ,di/rict1 t is "o ?+2 b if he means to d5y or call 9 "q ! exi/5ce ( ! traffic itself1 or ( ! d5s :]e its conc5trat$ iniquities make up ! daily employm5t ( m51 t is q ano!r ?+4 ,sir1 f ! we/]n front ( ?is ,capitol1 f ! piazza t op5s out f y\r congressional libr>y1 z y ca/ y\r eye along ! horizon & ov] ! conspicu\s objects ( ! l&scape1--! ,presid5t's ,mansion1 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 & ! site ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 y _c fail to see ! horrid & black receptacles :]e human be+s are p5n$ l cattle1 & kept l cattle1 t !y may be sold l cattle1--z /rictly & lit]ally s z ox5 & sw9e are kept & sold at ! ,smi?field %ambles 9 ,london1 or at ! cattle fair 9 ,brighton4 ,9 a communication made dur+ ! la/ session1 by ! mayor ( ?is city1 to an honorable memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 he ackn[l$ges ! exi/5ce ( slave p5s "h4 ,up & d[n ! beautiful riv] t sweeps along ! we/]n m>g9 ( ! ,di/rict1 slav]s come & g1 be>+ _! freight ( human s\ls to be v5d$ 9 ?is m>ket-place2 & aft] !y h *ang$ h&s1 accord+ to ! =ms ( comm]ce1 !y are retransport$1--! fa!r ( a family to g1 p]haps1 to ! rice fields ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! "m to ! cotton fields ( ,alabama1 & ! *ildr5 to be scatt]$ ov] ! sug> plantations ( ,l\isiana or ,texas4 ,sir1 x is notori\s t ! slave trad]s ( ?is ,di/rict adv]tise = slaves 9 ! newspap]s ( ! neighbor+ c\nties ( ,m>yl&1 to be deliv]$ 9 any numb]s at _! slave p5s 9 ?is city2 & t !y h ag5ts1 9 ! city & out ( x1 :o are engag$ 9 supply+ victims = _! %ambles4 ,s9ce ! g5tleman f ,indiana 0 elect$ to ?is ,congress1 &1 ,i believe1 s9ce he took 8 seat 9 ?is ,congress1 "o c(fle ( ab\t sixty slaves came1 *a9$ & driv51 into ?is city2 & at ab\t ! same "t ano!r c(fle ( a hundr$4 ,"h !y 7 lodg$ = a %ort p]iod1 7 !n sold1 & w5t on _! returnless way to ! +ulf+ s\?4 ,sir1 all ?is is done "h "u our own eyes1 & )9 he>+ ( our own e>s4 ,all ?is is done n[1 & x has be5 done = fifty ye>s1--ev] s9ce ! seat ( ! national gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ?is place1 & ev] s9ce ,congress1 9 accordance ) ! con/itution1 has ex]cis$ 8exclusive legislation0 ov] x4 ,b ! g5tleman f ,indiana1 ?\gh accu/om$ to visit ?is ,di/rict f 8 boyhood1 has 8nev] se5 a negro sold "h20--he has 8nev] se5 a b& ( negroes tak5 (f by ! slave trad]20 he does n rememb] 8to h se5 ! slave trad] himself20 he kn[s 8no?+ ( ! #8slave p5' t is s mu* talk$ ab\t40 ,sir1 ! eye sees1 n less f ! inn] ?an f ! out] light4 ,! eye sees :at ! m9d is dispos$ to recognize4 ,! image ^u ! ret9a is no?+1 if !re be n an inw>d s5se to disc]n x4 ,! arti/ sees beauty2 ! philosoph] sees relations ( cause & effect2 ! b5evol5t man cat*es ! slighte/ tone ( sorr[2 b ! ins5sate he>t c wade ?r\gh te>s & see no weep+1 & c live amid/ groans ( angui%1 & ! air w be a non-conductor ( ! s\nd4 ,i "k a true anecdote ( an ,am]ican g5tleman :o walk$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london ) a ,briti% nobleman2 & be+ beset at e /ep ( ! way by squalid m5dicants1 ! ,am]ican1 at ! end ( ! excursion1 adv]t$ to _! hav+ run a gantlet betwe5 begg>s4 8,:at begg>s80 said 8 lord%ip2 8,i h se5 none40 ,b ! g5tleman f ,indiana says1 8,b = myself1 ,i h no ta/e = su* ?+s40 ,8 ta/e expla9s 8 vision4 ,suppose ,wilb]=ce & ,cl>kson to h _h no 8ta/e0 = quell+ ! horrors ( ! ,african slave trade4 ,suppose ,h[>d & ,mrs4 ,fry to h _h no 8ta/e0 = lay+ op5 ! abom9ations ( ! prison-h\se1 & = giv+ relief to ! prison]4 ,suppose ,miss ,dix to h _h no 8ta/e0 = c>ry+ solace & com=t & re/oration to ! insane4 ,suppose ! ,abb ,l',epe to h _h no 8ta/e0 = tea*+ deaf mutes2 or ! ,abb ,hauy = educat+ ! bl9d2 or ,m4 ,segu9 & o!rs = tra9+ idiots1 & = educ+ docility & dec5cy1 & a love ( ord] f ^? almo/ imp]ceptible g]ms ( reason & s5se1 t b>ely di/+ui% !m f ! brutes6 ,suppose ^! ?+s1 & 9 :at a diff]5t condition w\ld ! *>ities & ! suff]+s ( ! _w h be56 ,h]od _h no 8ta/e0 = sp>+ ! lives ( ! *ildr5 ( ,be?lehem1 & ( all ! coa/s !re(2 & d\btless he c\ld h said1 ) entire tru?1 t he nev] he>d ! voice1 9 ,rama1 ( lam5tation & weep+ & great m\rn+2 nor saw1 among all ! mo!rs ( ,syria1 any ,ra*el weep+ = h] *ildr5 & refus+ to be com=t$1 because !y 7 n4 ,b1 sir1 j 9 proportion z ! light ( civilization & ,*ri/ianity dawns ^u ! _w1 w m5 be f\nd :o h a 8ta/e0 = succor+ ! afflict$ & = right+ ! wrong$4 ,x 0 ! cle>e/ pro( ( ! ,great ,tea*]'s mission1 t he _h 8a ta/e0 = go+ ab\t do+ good4 ,dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s1 & especially dur+ ! la/ half ( ^! fifty ye>s1 ! _w has made great advances 9 ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty4 ,human rights h be5 recogniz$1 & _! practical enjoym5t1 to "s ext5t1 secur$4 ,!re is n a gov]nm5t 9 ,europe1 ev5 ! mo/ iron & despotical ( !m all1 t has n p>ticipat$ 9 ! ameliorations :i* *>act]ize ! pres5t age4 ,a noble catalogue ( rights has be5 wre/$ by ! ,briti% commons f ! ,briti% nobility4 ,france & ,italy h be5 revolutioniz$4 ,ev5 ! ,pope ( ,rome1 ^: p[] seem$ z et]nal z ! hills on :i* he 0 seat$1 has sunk "u ! %ock4 ,prussia1 & all ! ,g]manic p[]s1 ) ! exception ( ,au/ria1 h be5 half revolutioniz$2 & ev5 ! icy despotisms ( ,au/ria & ,russia are =c$ to rel5t "u ^? c5tral fires ( lib]ty :i* burn =ev] 9 ! human he>t1 z ! c5tral fires ( ! e>? burn =ev] at its core4 ,great ,brita9 has aboli%$ ,african slav]y ?r\gh\t all h] realms4 ,france has decl>$ t any "o :o %all volunt>ily become ! own] ( a slave1 or %all volunt>ily cont9ue to be ! own] ( a slave ca/ ^u him by beque/ or inh]itance1 %all cease to be a citiz5 ( ,france4 ,d5m>k has aboli%$ slav]y :]ev] x exi/$ 9 h] possessions4 ,! ,bey ( ,tunis1 act+ "u ! light ( ! ,mahometan religion1 has aboli%$ x4 ,! prie/s ( ,p]sia decl>e ! s5tim5t to h come by tradition f ,mahomet himself1 8t ! wor/ ( m5 is ! sell] ( m540 ,n only all civiliz$ nations1 b ! half civiliz$1 ! semi-b>b>\s1 are act+ "u ! guidance ( ! cle>] light & ! high] motives ( our day4 ,b !re is "o conspicu\s exception2 !re is "o gov]nm5t :i* closes its eyes to ?is increas+ light2 :i* resi/s ! p]suasion ( ^! ennobl+ motives2 :i*1 on ! gr& subject ( human lib]ty & human rights1 is /ation>y & ev5 retrogrades1 :ile ! :ole _w ar\nd is advanc+2 sleeps :ile all o!rs are awak+2 loves its d>kness :ile all o!rs are aspir+ & asc5d+ to a pur] air & a bright] sky4 ,?is gov]nm5t1 too1 is ! "o :i* is mo/ boa/ful & va9-glori\s ( its fre$om2 & if ! humiliat+ tru? mu/ be spok51 ?is gov]nm5t is our own4 ,9 reg>d to slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ?is ,di/rict1 :]e we possess ! p[] ( exclusive legislation1 we /& :]e we /ood fifty ye>s ago4 ,n a s+le ameliorat+ law has be5 pass$4 ,9 practice1 we are :]e we 7 !n2 9 _s1 !re are pro(s t we h gone backw>d4 ,!re are n[ on ! surface ( ! globe two conspicu\s places1--places :i* are attract+ ! gaze ( ! :ole civiliz$ _w1--:i!r m5 & wom5 are br\ght f great di/ances to be sold1 & :5ce !y are c>ri$ to great di/ances to suff] ! heavie/ wrongs t human nature c be>4 ,"o ( ^! places is ! coa/ ( ,africa1 :i* is among ! mo/ pagan & b5ight$ regions ( ! e>?2 ! o!r is ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! capital & seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z f> back z #ahjh1 ,congress did :at x c\ld to aboli% ! slave trade on ! coa/ ( ,africa4 ,9 #ahbj x decl>$ ! =eign slave trade to be piracy2 b on ! #ca/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahdi1 a bill 0 introduc$ into ?is ,h\se to aboli% ! dome/ic slave trade 9 ?is ,di/rict1--"h1 9 ! c5tre & he>t ( ! nation1--& sev5ty-two repres5tatives vot$ aga9/ x1--vot$ to lay x on ! table1 :]e1 z we all "k1 x w\ld sleep a dreamless sleep4 ,?is 0 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,s5ate is /ill m resi/ant ( progress ?an ! ,h\se2 & x is ! op9ion ( _m t1 ev5 if a bill %\ld pass bo? ,h\se & ,s5ate1 x w\ld receive ! ,executive veto4 ,by au?ority ( ,congress1 ! city ( ,wa%+ton is ! ,congo ( ,am]ica4 ,b1 /ill m degrad+ ?an ?is1 !re is ano!r contra/ :i* we pres5t to ! :ole civiliz$ _w4 ,! v slaves ^u :om we h trodd5 h ris5 above u1 & _! moral sup]iority makes our conduct ignom9i\s4 ,n ,europeans only1 n only ,arabians & ,turks1 are em]g+ f ! inhumanity & ! enormities ( ! slave traffic2 b ev5 our own slaves1 transplant$ to ! l& ( _! fa!rs1 are rais+ b>ri]s aga9/ ! spread ( ?is execrable comm]ce4 ,on ! %ores ( ,africa1 a republic is spr++ up1 ^: inhabitants 7 transplant$ f ?is ,egypt ( bondage4 ,& n[1 look at ! gov]nm5t :i* ^! slaves & desc5dants ( slaves h e/abli%$1 & contra/ x ) our own4 ,!y disc>d ! in/itution ( slav]y1 :ile we *]i% x4 ,a f> great] proportion ( _! *ildr5 ?an ( ! :ite *ildr5 ( ! slave /ates ( ?is ,union are at s*ool4 ,9 ! metropolis ( _! nation1 _! flag does n protect ! slave traffic1 nor wave ov] ! slave m>t4 ,w\ld to ,god t ! v opposite ( ?is 7 n true ( our own6 ,_! laws puni% ! m]*&ise ( human be+s2 our laws sanction & enc\rage x4 ,!y h erect$1 & are erect+1 =tifications & milit>y po/s along ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 = sev5 hundr$ miles1 to prev5t pirates f invad+ ! doma9 ( _! neighbors1 & kidnapp+ p :o1 to !m1 are =eign nations4 ,we op5 m>ket-places "h1 at ! c5tre ( ! nation1 :]e1 f sev5 hundr$ miles ( coa/1 ! sell]s may come to sell1 & :]e buy]s may come to buy1 & :5ce slaves are c>ri$ almo/ z f> f _! bir?place z ,africa is f ,am]ica4 ,! gov]nor ( ,lib]ia has lately made a voyage to ,engl& & ,france1 & ent]$ into treaties ( amity & comm]ce ) !m2 & he has obta9$ naval =ces f !m1 to aboli% ?is traffic 9 human be+s4 ,at ! same "t1 we are af=d+ gu>anties to ! same traffic4 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& are to ! slave trade :at ! int]ior ( ,africa once 04 ,! ,potomac & ! ,*esapeake are ! ,am]ican ,nig] & ,bight ( ,b592 :ile ?is ,di/rict is ! great gov]nm5t b>racoon1 :5ce c(fles are driv5 across ! c\ntry to ,alabama or ,texas1 z slave %ips once bore _! dreadful c>goes ( agony & woe across ! ,atlantic4 ,! v race1 !n1 :i* 7 fir/ /ol51 br\ght to ?is c\ntry1 despoil$ ( all ! rights :i* ,god _h giv5 !m1 & kept 9 bondage = g5]ations1 at la/1 aft] r$eem+ !mselves1 or be+ re/or$ to _! natural lib]ty 9 "s o!r way1 h cross$ ! ocean1 e/abli%$ a gov]nm5t = !mselves1 & are n[ sett+ u an example :i* %\ld cause our *eeks to bli/] ) %ame4 ,sir1 !re is an idea (t5 introduc$ "h & else:]e1 & made to be> aga9/ any re/riction ( slav]y1 or any amelioration ( ! condition ( ! slave1 :i* ,i wi% to consid]4 ,x 0 br\ght odi\sly & prom95tly =w>d ! o!r day1 by ! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,,*>les ,,br[n4 ,! idea is1 t ! slaves are 9 a bett] condition 9 ?is c\ntry ?an !y w\ld h be5 at home4 ,x is affirm$ t !y are br\ght "u "s degree ( civiliz+ & humaniz+ influ5ces among/ u1 :i* !y w\ld n h felt 9 ! l& ( _! fa!rs4 ,let u look1 fir/1 at ! philosophy ( ?is notion1 & !n at its morality4 ,all ^? :o use ?is argum5t z a def5ce or a mitigation ( ! evils ( slav]y1 or z a f9al cause = its exi/5ce1 assume t if ! pres5t ?ree million slaves1 :o n[ d>k5 our s\!rn horizon1 & fill ! air ) _! groans1 _h n be5 "h 9 _! pres5t /ate ( bondage1 !y w\ld h be5 9 ,africa1 9 a /ate ( paganism4 ,n[1 ! slighte/ reflection %[s t ?is assumption has no basis ( tru?4 ,n "o ( !m all w\ld n[ h be5 9 exi/5ce1 if _! ance/ors _h n be5 br\ght to ?is c\ntry4 ,&1 accord+ to ! laws ( population op]ative among b>b>\s nations1 !re are n[ j z _m inhabitants1--pagans1 cannibals1 or :at y please1--9 ,africa1 z !re w\ld h be5 if ! spoil] _h nev] ent]$ _! home1 & ravi%$ & borne !m into bondage4 ,among savage nations1 or nomadic tribes1 ! population equals ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,take away two1 ?ree1 or f\r p] c5t4 ( ! consum]s1 & ! vacuum is imm$iately fill$4 ,! population keeps up to ! level ( ! production4 ,among su* p1 !re is always a t5d5cy to increase fa/] ?an ! means ( liv+ increase4 ,take away a "p ( !m1 & ?is t5d5cy to increase takes effect by its own vigor1--x executes itself4 ,x is l a b[ t unb5ds1 or a spr+ t uncoils1 z soon z an ext]nal pressure is remov$4 ,dam up a f\nta91 & ! weight ( ! accumulat+ /rata w ev5tually *eck ! outfl[ f ! spr+4 ,s x is ( a savage population4 ,( !m1 ! ,mal?usian !ory is true4 ,& h[ inf9itely absurd & ridicul\s is ! plea t ! slaves are bett] (f "h 8?an ,,!y w\ld h be5 9 ,africa06 ,g out into ! /reets ( ?is city1 & take ! fir/ "o y meet1--p]haps he is a mulatto4 ,b = be+ "h1 he w\ld h be5 a mulatto 9 ! middle ( ,africa1 w\ld he8 ,take !m all1--mulatto1 me/izo1 zambo1 & all 8! va/ v>iety ( man10 s f> z color is conc]n$1--& if !y _h n _! exi/5ce "h1 !y w\ld h _h x 9 ,africa6 ,?is is ! doctr9e4 ,w\ld !y h _h ! same ,am]ican names also8 ,w\ld !y h spok5 ! same language1 & worn cotton gr[n on ! same fields8 ,! la/ is j z c]ta9 z ! fir/4 ,x is all m silly ?an ! rep9+s ( ! silly girls :o griev$ because _! "m _h n m>ri$ a c]ta9 ri* suitor1 ^: addresses 9 e>ly life %e _h reject$2 = !n1 said !y1 h[ ri* we %\ld h be56 ,no1 n "o ( ^! ?ree millions ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 w\ld h be5 9 exi/5ce 9 ,africa4 ,all ! crime ( _! kidnapp+2 all ! horrors ( ! middle passage2 all _! suff]+s = two c5turies1 or six g5]ations2 & all ! calamities t are yet to gr[ out ( _! condition1--all ^! crimes & agonies are gratuit\s crimes & agonies4 ,!re is no recomp5se or palliation = !m4 ,!y h be5 add$ unnecess>ily & remorselessly to ! am\nt ( human guilt & suff]+ = :i* ! :ite race mu/ answ] 9 ! day ( acc\nt4 ,! idea1 !n1 ( s5d+ ! slaves back to _! c\ntry is an egregi\s fallacy4 ,if !y 7 to be s5t back :5ce !y came1 x w\ld n be to ,africa1 b to non5tity4 ,if ! ance/ors ( ! pres5t ?ree millions ( slaves _h nev] be5 br\ght "h1--if _! desc5dants _h nev] be5 propagat$ "h1 = ! suppos$ value ( _! s]vices1 _! places w\ld h be5 suppli$ by :ite labor]s1--by m5 ( ! ,caucasian race1--by freem54 ,in/ead ( ! ?ree million slaves1 ( all colors1 we %\ld d\btless n[ h at lea/ ?ree million :ite1 freeborn citiz5s1 add+ to ! real prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry1 & to ! p[] ( ! ,republic4 ,if ! s\? _h n _h slaves to d _! "w = !m1 !y w\ld h become +5i\s & inv5tive l ! nor?1 & w\ld h enli/$ ! va/ =ces ( nature 9 _! s]vice1--w9d1 & fire1 & wat]1 & /eam1 & lightn+1 ! mighty en]gies ( gravitation & ! subtle =ces ( *emi/ry4 ,! c\ntry might n h _h s gaudy & o/5tati\s a civilization z at pres5t1 b x w\ld h _h "o inf9itely m pure & s\nd4 ,b admit ! alleg$ /atem5t1 absurd & false z x is2 admit t ^! ?ree millions ( slaves w\ld h belong$ to ,africa if !y _h n belong$ to ,am]ica1--t !y w\ld h be5 born ( ! same fa!rs & mo!rs !re z "h1 s t ^? ( !m :o are ,am]ican mulattoes w\ld h be5 ,e?iopian mulattoes2 & admit1 fur!r1 t _! pres5t condition is bett] ?an ! alt]native condition alleg$1--& :at !n8 ,is y\r duty done8 ,is x en\gh if y h made ! condition ( a man or ( a race a little bett]1 or any bett]1 if y h n made x z mu* bett] z y c8 ,:at /&>d ( morals d g5tlem5 propose to !mselves8 ,if a fell[-be+ is suff]+ "u a hundr$ diseases1 & we c relieve him f !m all1 :at k9d ( b5evol5ce is t :i* boa/s ( reliev+ him f "o1 & p]mits him to suff] "u ! o!r n9ety & n9e8 ,by ! law ( nature & ( ,god1 ! slave1 l e o!r man1 is entitl$ 8to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess20 he is entitl$ to 8 e>n+s1--to ! enjoym5t ( 8 social affections1--to ! developm5t ( 8 intellectual & moral faculties1--to t cultivation ( 8 religi\s nature :i* %all fit him1 n m]ely to feel1 b reason ( righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & a judgm5t to come2--he is entitl$ to all ^! rights1 ( :i* he has be5 cruelly despoil$2 & :5 he cat*es "s feeble glimm]+ ( "s ( !m1 we )hold ! re/1 & def5d ourselves & pride ourselves t he is bett] (f ?an he w\ld h be5 9 "s o!r c\ntry or 9 "s o!r condition4 ,suppose ! ,sam>itan _h b\nd up a s+le w\nd1 or reliev$ a s+le pang ( ! ble$+ wayf>] :o _h fall5 among ?ieves1 & !n _h gone to ! next inn & boa/$ ( 8 b5evol5ce4 ,he w\ld only h %[n ! diff]5ce betwe5 a 8good ,sam>itan0 & a 8bigot ,sam>itan40 ,! ?ieves !mselves might h done z mu*4 ,b !re is ano!r inquiry :i* ! *ampions ( slav]y h got to answ] be=e ! _w & be=e ,heav54 ,if ,am]ican slaves are bett] (f ?an native ,africans1 :o is to be ?ank$ = x8 ,has _! improv$ condition result$ f any purpos$ plan1 any well-dige/$1 sy/ematiz$ measure1 c>efully ?\ght out1 & reason$ out1 & int5d$ = _! b5efit8 ,n at all4 ,9 all ! s\!rn /atute books1 & legislative records1 !re is no trace ( any su* s*eme4 ,laws1 judicial decisions1 ! writ+ ( political economi/s1--all treat ! slave z a ?+ to make money )4 ,agricultural societies give rew>ds = ! be/ crops4 ,horse-jockey societies improve ! fleetness ( ! bre$ = ! sports ( ! turf4 ,ev5 ! dogs h pr(essional tra9]s4 ,b n "o ?+ is done to br+ out ! qualities ( manhood t lie buri$ 9 a slave4 ,look ?r\gh ! s\!rn /atute books1 & see :at ,draconian p5alties are inflict$ = tea*+ a slave to read1--see h[ he is la%$ = att5d+ a meet+ to he> ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,on e highroad patrols lie 9 wait to sc\rge him back if he attempts to visit fa!r1 "m1 wife1 *ild1 or fri5d1 on a neighbor+ plantation4 ,by day & by night1 at all times & e :]e1 he is ! victim ( an en]getic & compreh5sive sy/em ( measures1 :i* blot out 8 s5ses1 p>alyze 8 m9d1 degrade & brutify 8 nature1 & suppress ! in/9ctive work+s ( tru?1 g5]osity1 & manhood 9 8 brea/4 ,all ! good t rea*es him1 rea*es him 9 defiance ( ^! privations & disabilities4 ,if any light p5etrates to 8 s\l1 x is because human art _c weave a cl\d d5se & d>k en\gh to be :olly imp]vi\s to x4 ,!re are "s bless+s :i* ! goodness ( ,god w be/[ 9 spite ( human ef=ts to int]cept !m4 ,x is ^! only :i* rea* ! slave4 ,& aft] hav+ built up all b>ri]s to =bid ! access ( improvem5t2 aft] hav+ seal$ 8 s5ses by ignorance1 & m ?an half oblit]at$ 8 faculties by neglect & p]v]sion1 ! oppressor turns r\nd1 & because !re are "s scanty1 incid5tal b5efits gr[+ out ( ! v deplorabl5ess ( 8 condition1 he ju/ifies himself be=e ! _w1 & claims ! approval ( ,heav51 because ! slave is bett] (f "h ?an he w\ld be 9 ,africa4 ,sir1 su* an argum5t z ?is is an (f5ce to ,heav54 ,i consid] x to be z mu* worse ?an a!ism z ,*ri/ianity is bett]4 ,& :5 su* an argum5t comes f a g5tleman belong+ to a free /ate2 :5 x comes f ! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,,br[n1 f a repres5tative ( ! city ( ,william ,p5n2 :5 he1 )\t motive1 )\t inducem5t1 (f]s su* a gratuity to ! devil1 ,i c acc\nt = x only on ! pr9ciple ( ! man :o1 hav+ a ke5 reli% = ! fle% ( sw9e1 said he wi%$ he 7 a ,jew1 t he might h ! pleasure ( eat+ pork & committ+ a s9 at ! same "t4 ,b ! subject pres5ts a /ill m pa9ful aspect4 ,h[ are slaves made bett]1 & f :at motives are !y made bett]1 9 ?is c\ntry8 ,x is no secret t ,i am ab\t to tell4 ,!re are c]ta9 virtues & sanctities :i* increase ! pecuni>y value ( c]ta9 slaves2 & !re are c]ta9 vices & debasem5ts :i* increase ! m>ket price ( o!rs4 ,if a ma/] wi%es to repose p]sonal confid5ce 9 8 slave1 he desires to h him hone/ & fai?ful to tru?4 ,b if he desires to make use ( him to deceive & cajole & defraud1 !n he wi%es to make him cunn+ & tricky & false4 ,if ! ma/] tra9s ! slave to take c>e ( 8 own *ildr51 or ( 8 favorite animals1 !n he wi%es to h him k9d2 b if he tra9s him = a task] or a field ov]se]1 !n he wi%es to h him sev]e4 ,n[1 x is 9 ?is way t "s ( ! ,*ri/ian attributes ( "*1 be+ directly conv]tible into money or money's wor?1 enhance ! value ( a slave4 ,h5ce1 x is said 9 adv]tisem5ts t a slave is pi\s1 &1 at ! auction block1 ! h>d5$ & he>tless sell] dwells ^u ! ,*ri/ian graces & religi\s "* ( "s slaves ) ! unction ( an apo/le4 ,! pur*as] sympa?izes1 & only desires to "k :e!r ! article be a real or a %am ,*ri/ian4 ,if m]e bones & muscles compact$ into human %ape be wor? five hundr$ doll>s1 !n1 if ! auctione] c w>rant ! subject to h ! meekness ( ,moses & ! pati5ce ( ,job1 ! same article may be wor? sev5 hundr$4 ,if ! slave w =give injuries1 n m]ely sev5ty times sev51 b injuries inflict$ all 8 life long1 !n an additional hundr$ may be bid = him4 ,if he possesses all ! attributes ( religion & piety1 ! endurance ( a h]o1 ! con/ancy ( a sa9t1 ! firmness ( a m>tyr1 ! tru/+ness ( a disciple1--all except ^? :i* g to make him feel l a man1 & believe himself a man1--!n t :i* z m]e bone & muscle 0 wor? five hundr$ doll>s1 is n[ wor? a ?\s&4 ,sir1 is n ?is sell+ ! ,holy ,_s8 ,is n ?is mak+ m]*&ise ( ! ,savior8 ,is n ?is ! case ( ,judas sell+ 8 ,ma/] ov] aga91 ) ! important exception ( ! remorse t made ! orig9al culprit g & hang himself8 ,b suppose ! case to be t ( a woman2 suppose h] ability to "w & capacity = production to be wor? five hundr$ doll>s2 suppose1 9 addition to ?is1 %e is "y & sprightly & voluptu\s2 suppose ! repeat$ infusion ( ,saxon blood has almo/ wa%$ ! d>kness f h] sk92 & suppose %e is n unwill+ to submit h]self to ! lib]t9e's embrace2 !n1 too1 t :i* be=e 0 wor? b five hundr$ doll>s1 w n[ br+ two ?\s&4 ,& ?us inf]nal z well z cele/ial qualities are co9$ into money1 accord+ to ! dem&s ( ! m>ket & ! uses ( ! pur*as]4 ,n[1 x is only 9 "s su* incid5tal way1 & ) reg>d to "s individuals1 t x c be said1 t _! condition is bett] "h ?an x w\ld be 9 ,africa4 ,& ?is improvem5t1 :]e x exi/s1 is n ! result ( any sy/em ( measures design$ = _! b5efit1 b is ! product ( selfi% motives1 turn+ godl9ess into ga92 & :]e m ga9 or m gratification c be obta9$ by ! debasem5t1 ! irreligion1 ! pollution ( ! slave1 !re ! in/9cts ( *a/ity1 ! sanctity ( ! m>riage relation1 ! hol9ess ( mat]nal love are all pr(an$ to give security & ze/ to ! guilty pleasures ( ! s5suali/ & debau*ee4 ,!re are individual exceptions to :at ,i h said1--exceptions :i*1 amid surr\nd+ iniquity1 %9e 8l a jewel 9 an ,e?iop's e>10 b !y are exceptions4 ,laws1 in/itutions1 & ! prevail+ public s5tim5t are z ,i h describ$4 ,i reg>d ! argum5t1 !re=e1 ( ! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,,br[n1 n only z utt]ly uns\nd & false 9 its premises1 b z blasphem\s 9 its conclusions4 ,common blasphemy seldom rea*es beyond exclamation4 ,x is "s fi]y outbur/ ( impi\s passion1 t fla%es & expires4 ,b ! g5tleman reasons x out coolly4 ,8 is argum5tative blasphemy1 borr[+ ! =ms ( logic t x may appe> to h its =ce1 & transf]r+ x f ! passions to ! intellect1 to give x p]man5cy4 ,b ! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania retorts ^u ,massa*usetts1 & ref]s to c]ta9 ?+s 9 h] hi/ory :i* he reg>ds z disreputable to h]4 ,9 ?is he has be5 foll[$ by ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,,b$+]1 :o has p\r$ out a torr5t ( abuse ^u my native /ate1 & :o has attempt$ to =tify 8 own intemp]ate accusations f a pro-slav]y pamphlet :i* has be5 pr(usely scatt]$ ab\t ?is ,h\se )9 a few days pa/1 & :i* is n m]ely full ( falsehoods1 b is compos$ ( falsehoods2 s t if "o 7 to take ! false ass]tions & ! false argum5ts out ( x1 !re w\ld be no?+ b ! cov]s left4#e ,sir1 ,i am v f> f arrogat+ = ,massa*usetts all ! m]its & ! virtues :i* %e ought to possess4 ,i m\rn ov] h] errors1 & w\ld die to re=m1 r ?an sp5d "o brea? to def5d !m4 ,! recital ( h] (f5ces c fall m sadly ^u no e> ?an ^u my own4 ,b x is z true ( a /ate z ( an individual1 t rep5tance is ! fir/ /ep t[>ds re=mation4 ,massa*usetts has committ$ errors2 b :5 !y 7 se5 to be errors1 %e disc>d$ !m4 ,%e once held slaves2 b :5 %e saw t slav]y 0 contr>y to ! rights ( man & ! law ( ,god1 %e emancipat$ !m4 ,%e 0 ! fir/ gov]nm5t 9 ! civiliz$ _w1--9 ! :ole _w1 anci5t or mod]n1--to aboli% slav]y1 :]ev] %e _h p[] to d s4 ,?is is an honor t no rival c ev] snat* f h] br[4 ,once1--,i say x ) humiliation1--%e 0 engag$ 9 ! slave trade4 ,b all ! gold t c\ld be e>n$ by ! accurs$ traffic1 ?\gh sp5t 9 ! spl5dors ( luxury & ! s$uctions ( hospitality1 c\ld n save ! trad] himself f infamy & scorn2 & ,i am sure ,i am "r 9 say+ t ! slave trade ceas$ to be conduct$ by ,massa*usetts m]*ants1 & to be c>ri$ on 9 ,massa*usetts %ips1 f ,massa*usetts ports1 be=e x 0 ab&on$ by ! m]*ants & discont9u$ 9 ! %ips & f ! ports ( any o!r comm]cial /ate or nation 9 ! _w4 ,?is1 too1 is an honor1 :i* x w be h]s1 ?r\gh all ! immortality ( ! ages1 alone to we>4 ,b ,massa*usetts1 x is /ill said1 has h] idolat]s ( ,mammon 9 o!r =ms4 ,x is *>g$ ^u h] t _m ( h] *ildr5 /ill wall[ 9 ! /y ( intemp]ance2 t h] spiritualism runs wild 9 religi\s vag>ies2 & t some?+ ( ! old leav5 ( p]secution /ill cl+s to h] he>t4 ,9 v9dicat+ :at is "r1 ,i w n def5d :at is wrong4 ,i _c d5y1--w\ld to ,god t ,i c\ld1--t we /ill h vices & vici\s m5 among/ u4 ,!re are ^? !re1 z else:]e1 :o1 if !y 7 to he> = ! fir/ "t ( ! ,riv] ( ,life fl[+ fa/ by ! ?rone ( ,god1 w\ld in/9ctively ask :e!r !re 7 any good mill sites on x4 ,!re are ^? !re1 z else:]e1 ^: highe/ aspirations = heav5 & = happ9ess1 :e!r = ?is life or = ano!r1 are a di/ill]y & a sug>-h\se1 ) /eam ma*9]y to mix ! products4 ,!re1 z else:]e1 !re are religioni/s :o are quick to imitate ! ,savior :5 he /rikes1 b despise 8 example :5 he heals4 ,b1 sir1 let me say ?is = ,massa*usetts1 t :atev] s9s %e may h committ$ 9 =m] times1--:atev] diss5t]s %e may h p]secut$1 or wit*es %e may h hang$1 or ,africans %e may h /ol5 & sold1--%e has long s9ce ab&on$ ^! (f5ces1 & is br++ =? fruits meet = rep5tance4 ,& is a /ate to h no b5efit f a /atute ( limitations8 ,is a crime committ$ by ance/ors to be =ev] imput$ to _! po/]ity8 ,?is is worse ?an non-=giv5ess2 x is mak+ puni%m5t h]$it>y4 ,sir1 ( ^! (f5ces1 ,massa*usetts has rep5t$ & re=m$2 & %e is giv+ t noble/ ( atonem5ts or expiations1 :i* consi/s 9 repair+ ! wrong t has be5 done2 & :]e ! victim ( ! wrong has himself pass$ away1 & is beyond relief1 !n 9 pay+1 ) l>ge int]e/1 ! debt to humanity :i* ! special cr$itor is no long] pres5t to receive1 by seek+ out ! objects ( want & suff]+ :]ev] !y may be f\nd4 ,sir1 our accus]s unconsci\sly d u ! highe/ honor1 :51 9 _! zeal to malign u1 !y seek = hi/orical reproa*es4 ,if !y c\ld f9d pres5t (f5ces :]e) to upbraid u1 !y w\ld n exhume ! pa/4 ,b !y condemn !mselves1 = !y %[ t ev5 ! resuscitation ( ! errors ( ! dead gives !m m pleasure ?an a contemplation ( ! virtues ( ! liv+4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta93 ! mom5t ! o!r /ates %all imitate our pres5t example1 !y w cease to condemn u = our pa/ (f5ces4 ,! sympa?y ( a common desire = improvem5t w de/roy ! pleasure ( crim9ation4 ,& :]e1 ,i ask1 on ! surface ( ! e>?1 is !re a population ( only eight hundr$ ?\s&1 :o are /riv+ s e>ne/ly1 & do+ s mu*1 to advance ! cause ( humanity & civilization1 z is do+ by ! p ( ,massa*usetts8 ,:]e else1 :]e univ]sal suffrage is all[$1 is a million ( doll>s vot$ e ye>1 by ! v m5 :o h to pay x1 = ! public1 free education ( e *ild 9 ! /ate8 ,:]e else1 by su* a limit$ population1 is ano!r million ( doll>s volunt>ily vot$ & paid ea* ye> = ! sal>ies ( cl]gym5 alone8 ,:]e else1 :]e ! population is s small1 & natural res\rces s few & scanty1 is /ill ano!r million ( doll>s annually giv5 9 *>ity8--! great] portion ( :i* is s5t beyond _! own bord]s1 fl[s into e /ate 9 ! ,union1 & leaves n a nation on ! globe1 nor an isl& 9 ! sea1 unwat]$ by its f]tiliz+ /reams4 ,look into ! /atute book ( ,massa*usetts1 = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 & y w see h[ ! :ole curr5t ( h] legislation has set 9 ! direction ( human improvem5t1--= succor+ disease or re/oration f x1 = supply+ ! privations ( nature1 = reclaim+ ! vici\s1 = elevat+ all1--a compreh5siv5ess ( scope t takes 9 e human be+1 & an en]gy ( action t foll[s e individual ) a bless+ to 8 home4 ,:5 o!rs w ab&on _! (f5ces1 !n let ! remembrance ( !m be blott$ out4 ,b1 sir1 ,i ?9k x prop] to adv]t to ! fact t ,i h _h o!r pro(s1 dur+ ! pres5t session ( ,congress1 ( ! same _s ( crim9ation & obloquy :i* 0 s fully develop$ 9 ! spee*es ( ! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,,br[n1 & ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,,b$+]4 ,?r\gh ! po/-(fice ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,i h be5 9 ! regul> receipt ( anonym\s lett]s1 made up ma9ly ( small slips cut f newspap]s pr9t$ at ! nor?1 describ+ "s case ( murd]1 suicide1 robb]y1 or o!r (f5ce4 ,^! h be5 arrang$ "u ! heads ( diff]5t /ates1--,ohio1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,york1 ,connecticut1 c41 & accompani$1 9 ! m>g91 ) rude draw+s ( a s*ool-book or a s*ool h\se1 & all ref]r$ to ,common ,s*ools1 z to _! s\rce4 ,two only1 ( ! :ole numb] ?us collect$1 orig9at$ 9 ,massa*usetts1 & "o ( ^! 0 a case ( suicide committ$ by a man :o _h become insane f ! loss ( 8 wife4 ,:i* ( ^! ev5ts1 9 ! op9ion ( my anonym\s correspond5t1 con/itut$ ! crime1--:e!r ! b]eavem5t t caus$ ! insanity1 or ! suicide committ$ 9 "o ( its p>oxysms1--,i am unable to say4 ,n[1 :at satisfaction ev5 a bad man c\ld h 9 ref]r+ (f5ces aga9/ law & morality to ! in/itution ( public s*ools1 :5 he mu/ h kn[n t ! v exi/5ce ( ! (f5ces only proves t education has n yet done its p]fect "w1 ,i _c conceive4 ,& :at spite1 ei!r aga9/ an educational (fice :i* ,i once held1 or aga9/ an in/itution :i* is wor?y ( all honor1 c\ld be s mean & paltry z to d]ive gratification f ref]r+ me to long li/s ( (f5ces1 only "o ( :i* 0 committ$ 9 my native /ate1 ,i mu/ leave = o!rs to conjecture4 ,surely ! au?or ( ^! lett]s mu/ h kn[n little ( ,common ,s*ools1 & pr(it$ by !m z little z he has kn[n4 ,_h he ref]r$ to any consid]able numb] ( crimes p]petrat$ 9 ,massa*usetts1 ,i w\ld take 8 lett]s home & c>ry !m into our public s*ools1 & make !m ! text = a s]mon1 9 :i* ,i w\ld w>n ! *ildr5 to bew>e ( all crimes1 & especially ( ! meanness & ! wick$ness :i* feels a complac5cy 9 ! crimes ( o!rs1 or c give a false pat]nity to !m4 ,&1 sir1 ,i %\ld be sure ( a response2 = out ( ^? s*ools !re is go+ =? a nobl] b& ( "y m5 & wom5 ?an ev] be=e conf]r$ intellig5ce1 virtue1 ref9em5t1 & r5[n ^u any p or community on ! face ( ! globe4 ,b :atev] may be said 9 mitigation or 9 condemnation ( slav]y else:]e1 !re are special reasons :y x %\ld be discont9u$ 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,?is ,di/rict is ! common prop]ty ( ! nation4 ,hav+ p[] ( exclusive legislation ov] x1 we are all responsible = ! in/itutions 9 x4 ,:ile slaves exi/ 9 x1 !re=e1 x c be *>g$ ^u ! nor? t !y uphold slav]y4 ,?is is unju/ to u1 because x places u be=e ! _w 9 ! attitude ( su/a9+ :at we condemn4 ,x w\nds our moral & religi\s s5sibilities1 because we believe ! in/itution to be cruel t[>ds m51 & s9ful 9 ! sight ( ,heav52 & yet we are made app>5tly to sanction x4 ,x is l t species ( inju/ice :]e a man is compell$ by a tax to support a religion :i* he disbelieves1 & to pay a hi]>*y :om 8 consci5ce compels him to d5\nce4 ,b ! exi/5ce ( slav]y "h is n necess>y to ! fai? or ! practice ( our s\!rn bre?r54 ,if !y believe x to be a useful & ju/ifiable in/itution1 !n !y ev9ce ! s9c]ity ( t belief by su/a9+ & p]petuat+ x at home4 ,= ?is purpose1 !re is no necessity ( a crusade to propagate x1 or su/a9 x else:]e4 ,look at ! relation :i* we be> to x1 9 ano!r respect4 ,i h be5 taught f my e>lie/ *ildhood t 8all m5 are creat$ equal40 ,?is has become 9 me n m]ely a conviction ( ! und]/&+1 b a s5tim5t ( ! he>t4 ,?is maxim is my pr9ciple ( action1 :5ev] ,i am call$ ^u to act2 & x rises spontane\sly to my contemplations :5 ,i speculate ^u human duty4 ,x is ! pla9e/ coroll>y f ! doctr9e ( ! natural equality ( man1 t :5 ,i see a man1 or a class ( m51 :o are n equal to myself 9 opportunities1 9 gifts1 9 means ( improvem5t1 or 9 motives & incitem5ts to an elevat$ "* & an exempl>y life1--,i say1 x is ! pla9e/ coroll>y t ,i %\ld desire to elevate ^? m5 to an equality ) myself4 ,h[ev] f> my own life may fall bel[ ! /&>d ( ,*ri/ianity & g5tlemanl9ess1 yet ,i hold x to be cle>1 t no man is a ,*ri/ian or a g5tleman1 :o does n c>ry ab\t an habitual frame ( m9d :i* prompts him1 z f> z he has ! means to d x1 to in/ruct all ! ignorance1 to relieve all ! privations1 to m9i/] to all ! pa9s1 & to supply all ! defici5cies ( ^? ) :om he meets 9 ! daily walks ( life2 &1 s f> z he is a man :o wields influ5ce1 possesses au?ority1 or ex]cises legislative p[]1 he is b\nd to ex]t 8 gifts & 8 pr]ogatives = ! amelioration & ! improvem5t ( 8 fell[-m54 ,?is is ! l[e/ /&>d ( duty t any "o :o aspires to be a ,*ri/ian or a g5tleman c set up = 8 guidance4 ,n[ take ! case ( a man f ! nor?1 :o has incorporat$ ^! views1 or any similitude ( ^! views1 into 8 "*1 & :o has occasion to visit ?is ,di/rict4 ,suppose him to be elect$ & s5t "h z a memb] ( ,congress1 or to be appo9t$ to a po/ 9 "s ( ! dep>tm5ts1 or to visit ?is city on public bus9ess1 or to come "h f motives ( curiosity2 :at is ! sight :i* is inflict$ ^u him :5 he fir/ sets 8 foot )9 ?is common prop]ty ( ! nation1--:5 he fir/ ent]s ?is h\sehold1 :]e ! head ( ! nation resides & directs8 ,sir1 :5 he fir/ alights f ! c>s t br+ him )9 y\r limits & y\r jurisdiction1 he beholds a degrad$ ca/e1--a race ( m5 :om ,god end[$ ) ! faculties ( intellig5ce1 b :om man has despoil$ ( ! p[] ( improv+ ^? faculties1 squalid 9 _! g>b1 betray+ ignorance 9 e ^w !y utt]1 uncultivat$ 9 _! mann]s & _! ta/es1 fawn+ = a favor1 in/ead ( /&+ erect l m5 :o are consci\s ( rights2 or1 if !y h outgr[n s]vile & sycophantic habits1 !n err+ on ! side ( impud5ce & insol5ce z mu* z !y err$ be=e on t ( cr++ & s]vility4 ,he repairs to 8 lodg+s1 & !re1 too1 all 8 moral s5sibilities are %ock$ & outrag$1 by see+ a class ( m5 & wom5 hopelessly degrad$1 cut (f by law & cu/om f all opportunity ( em]g+ f _! debasem5t2 :om no tal5t1 ta/e1 or virtue c ev] r$eem to ! pleasures & ! rights ( social int]c\rse4 ,he sees m5 & wom5 :o are n degrad$ on acc\nt ( ! s]vices !y p]=m1--= 8honor & %ame f no condition rise10--b degrad$ by ! motive & _s f :i* ! s]vices are p]=m$2 m5 & wom5 :o h no inducem5ts to indu/ry & frugality1 = _! e>n+s w all be seiz$ by ano!r2 :o h no inc5tives to self-respect1 = !y c nev] em]ge f _! m5ial condition2 :o are b]eav$ ( all ! wond]s & glories ( k1 le/ "u its expansions _! natures %\ld bur/ ! ?raldom t enslaves !m2 & all ^: manly qualities1 all ^: high] faculties1 !re=e1 are irr$eemably & hopelessly cru%$1 ext+ui%$1 oblit]at$1 s t no?+ b ! animal1 :i* ! ma/] c use = 8 selfi% purposes1 rema9s4 ,mr4 ,,brodhead1 ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,w\ld y advance ! slaves to an equal social & political condition ) ! :ite race8 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,i w\ld give to e human be+ ! be/ opportunity ,i c\ld to develop & cultivate ! faculties :i* ,god has be/[$ ^u him1 & :i*1 !re=e1 he holds "u a div9e *>t]4 ,i w\ld take f 8 neck ! heel t has trodd5 him d[n2 ,i w\ld dispel f 8 m9d ! cl\d t has %r\d$ him 9 moral night2 ,i w\ld remove ! ob/ructions t h =bidd5 8 s\l to aspire2 & hav+ done ?is1 ,i w\ld leave him1 z ,i w\ld leave e o!r man1 to f9d 8 level1--to occupy ! position to :i* he %\ld be entitl$ by 8 intellig5ce & 8 virtues4 ,i ent]ta9 no fe>s on ! mu* dread$ subject ( amalgamation4 ,legal amalgamation betwe5 ! races w nev] take place1 unless1 9 ! *ang$ condition ( society1 reasons %all exi/ to w>rant & sanction x2 &1 9 t case1 x w c>ry its own ju/ification ) x4 ,b "o ?+ ,i c\ld nev] und]/&1--:y ^? :o are s horror-/rick5 at ! idea ( !oretic amalgamation1 %\ld exhibit to ! _w1 9 all _! cities1 on all _! plantations1 & 9 all _! h\seholds1 su* numb]less pro(s ( practical amalgamation4 ,i nev] c\ld see :y ^? :o arraign & condemn u at ! nor? s vehem5tly1 because1 z !y say1 we obtrude our pry+ eyes into :at !y call a 8dome/ic0 or 8fireside0 in/itution1 %\ld h no hesitation 9 exhibit+ to ! _w1 ?r\gh all _! bord]s1 t5 ?\s&1 & t5 times t5 ?\s&1 liv+ witnesses1 t !y make x a b$side in/itution4 ,multitudes ( ! slaves ( ! s\? be> ab\t ^u _! p]sons a br& z indelible z t ( ,ca92 b ! m>k has be5 fa/5$ ^u !m1 n = _! own crimes1 b = ! crimes ( _! fa!rs4 ,9 ! complexion ( ! slave1 we read ! horrid hi/ory ( ! guilt ( ! enslav]s4 ,!y demon/rate t ! "o race has be5 to ! o!r1 n ! object ( b5evol5ce1 b ! victim ( lic5ti\sness4 ,b to resume4 ,:5 ! visitor to ?is city f ! nor? leaves 8 lodg+s1 & goes into ! public /reets1 half ! p :om he meets !re are ( ! same degrad$ class4 ,_! tatt]$ dress & unseemly mann]s d5ote cong5ital debasem5t4 ,_! language proclaims _! ignorance4 ,if y h occasion to s5d !m on an err&1 !y _c read ! direction ( a note1 or a sign on a %opbo>d4 ,_! ideas are limit$ )9 ! n>r[e/ range4 ,!y speak ! natural language ( s]vility1 & !y we> ! liv]y ( an inf]ior condition4 ,! conviction ( _! deplorable /ate is p]petually =c$ ^u ! m9d4 ,y d n ne$ _! color to rem9d y ( _! degradation4 ,color1 sir6 ,!y are (t5times almo/ z :ite z ourselves4 ,sir1 !re is n a memb] ( ,congress :o has n frequ5tly se5 "s ( 8 fell[-memb]s1 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye>1 ) a jaundic$ sk9 m sall[ & m yell[ ?an t ( _m a slave :o is b\ght & sold & own$ 9 ?is city4 ,i h se5 memb]s ( ?is ,h\se to :om ,i h be5 dispos$ to give a fri5dly caution to keep _! 8free pap]s0 ab\t _! p]sons1 le/ sudd5ly1 on ! presumption f color1 !y %\ld be seiz$ & sold = runaway slaves4 ,a yell[ complexion "h is s common a badge ( slav]y1 t "o ^: sk9 is color$ by disease is by no means out ( dang]4 ,to enjoy security1 a man mu/ d m ?an take c>e ( 8 life2 he mu/ take c>e ( 8 heal?4 ,x is n en\gh to take he$ to ! m$itations ( 8 he>t2 he mu/ see also to ! secretions ( 8 liv]4 ,b1 sir1 ! /rang] f ! nor? visits ! c\rts ( ju/ice 9 ?is city2 he goes into halls set ap>t & consecrat$1 ev5 9 ! d>k & half-hea!ni% p]iods ( ,engli% hi/ory1 to ! inve/igation ( tru? & ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice2 b if he sees any specim5s ( ! color$ race !re1 he sees !m only z m5ials4 ,!y _c g !re z witnesses4 ,h[ev] atroci\s ! wrongs !y may suff] 9 _! own p]son & "*1 or 9 ! p]son & "* ( wife or *ildr51 !y _c appeal to ! c\rts to av5ge or r$ress !m4 ,if introduc$ !re at all1 x is z a bale ( goods is introduc$1 or z an ox or a horse is br\ght )9 _! purlieus1 = ! purpose ( try+ "s disput$ "q ( id5tity or own]%ip4 ,!y g n z suitors1 b z sacrifices4 ,9 ! c\rts ( law2 9 ! temples ) :i* all our ideas ( ju/ice1 ( "r betwe5 man & man1 are associat$2 :]e tru? goes to be v9dicat$1 :]e innoc5ce flies to be av5g$1--9 ^! c\rts1 an entire portion ( ! human race are kn[n1 n z m51 b z *attels1 z cattle4 ,:]e1 = !m1 is ! ,magna ,*>ta t ! old b>ons wre/$ f ,k+ ,john8 ,is a :ole race to be =ev] doom$ to ?is outlawry8 ,are !y =ev] to we> a 8wolf's head10 :i* e :ite man may cut (f :5 he pleases8 ,sir1 x _c be t ?is /ate ( ?+s w la/ =ev]4 ,if all ! rights ( ! black race are ?us )held f !m1 x is j z c]ta9 z ! progress ( "t t !y1 too1 w h _! ,runnym$e1 _! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 _! ,bunk] ,hill1 & _! ,yorkt[n4 ,su*1 sir1 are ! sights t mole/ u :5 we come "h f ! nor?1--t mole/ u 9 ! hotels1 t mole/ u 9 ! /reets1 t mole/ u 9 ! c\rts1 t mole/ u e :]e4 ,b ! week passes away1 & ! ,sabba? comes1--! day ( re/ f worldly toils1 ! day set ap>t = social wor%ip1 :5 m5 come toge!r1 &1 by _! mutual pres5ce & assi/ance1 lift up ! he>ts ( ea* o!r 9 gratitude to ,god4 ,b :]e n[ are ! color$ population1 t seem$ to be s num]\s e :]e else8 ,h !y no ,god8 ,h !y no int]e/ 9 ! ,savior's example & precepts8 ,h !y no ne$ ( consolation1 ( fai? 9 ! ,unse51 to help !m be> up "u ! burd5s & anxieties ( life8 ,is _! futurity s unc]ta9 or s wor?less t !y ne$ no guide to a bett] c\ntry1 or t !y c be turn$ (f ) a guide z ignorant & bl9d z !mselves8 ,we g f ! c\rts & ! *ur*es to ! s*ools4 ,b no *ild 9 ^: sk9 !re is a %ad[ ( a %ade ( ,african complexion is to be f\nd !re4 ,! *annels are s cut t all ! sacr$ & heal+ wat]s ( k fl[1 n to him1 b by him4 ,sir1 ( all ! remorseless & wanton cruelties ev] committ$ 9 ?is _w ( wick$ness & woe1 ,i hold t to be ! mo/ remorseless & wanton :i* %uts out f all ! means ( in/ruction a be+ :om ,god has endu$ ) ! capacities ( k1 & inspir$ ) ! div9e desire to "k4 ,/rike blossom & beauty f ! v]nal season ( ! ye>1 & leave x sombre & *e]less2 annihilate ! h>monies ) :i* ! birds ( spr+ make vocal ! field & ! =e/1 & let exult+ ,nature become sil5t & desolate2 dry up ev5 ^? f\nta9s ( joy & gladsom5ess t fl[ unbidd5 f ! he>t ( *ildhood1 & let ! radiant c\nt5ance ( y\? become dull & /ony l t ( age2--d all ?is1 if y w1 b )hold y\r pr(ane h& f ^? creative s\rces ( k :i* %all give ev]-r5ew+ & ev]-increas+ delight ?r\gh all ! cycles ( immortality1 & :i* h ! p[] to assimilate ! f9ite creature m & m ne>ly to ! inf9ite ,creator4 ,sir1 he :o d5ies to *ildr5 ! acquisition ( k works devili% miracles4 ,if a man de/roys my p[] ( he>+1 x is precisely ! same to me z ?\gh1 leav+ my faculty ( he>+ unt\*$1 he _h annihilat$ all ! melodies & h>monies ( ! univ]se4 ,if a man oblit]ates my p[] ( vision1 x is precisely ! same to me z ?\gh he _h blott$ out ! light ( ! sun1 & flung a pall ( d>kness ov] all ! beauties ( ! e>? & ! glories ( ! firmam5t4 ,s1 if a usurp] ( human rights takes away f a *ild ! faculties ( k1 or ! means & opportunities to "k1 x is precisely ! same to t *ild z ?\gh all ! beauties & ! wond]s1 all ! magnific5ce & ! glory1 ( ! univ]se itself _h be5 de/roy$4 ,to "o :o is p]mitt$ to "k no?+ ( ! *>ms & sublimities ( sci5ce1 all sci5ce is non-exi/5t4 ,to "o :o is p]mitt$ to "k no?+ ( ! hi/orical pa/1 all ! pa/ g5]ations ( m5 are a non5tity4 ,to "o ^: m9d is n made capaci\s ( ! future1 & op5$ to receive x1 all ! great int]e/s ( futurity h less ( reality ?an a dream4 ,i say1 !re=e1 9 /rict1 lit]al1 philosophical tru?1 t :oev] d5ies k to *ildr5 works devili% miracles4 ,j s f> z he disables & incapacitates !m f kn[+1 he annihilates ! objects ( k2 he oblit]ates hi/ory2 he de/roys ! c\ntless mat]ials 9 ! natural _w t might1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! useful arts1 be conv]t$ into human com=ts & bless+s2 he susp5ds ! sublime ord] & progression ( ,nature1 & blots out ^? wond]ful relations ( cause & effect t belong to h] un*angeable laws4 ,nay1 !re is a s5se 9 :i* su* an impi\s de/roy] ( k may be said to annihilate ! attributes ( ! ,creator himself1 = he does annihilate ! capacity ( =m+ a conception ( t ,creator1 & ?us prev5ts a s\l t 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god f ev] receiv+ ! image x 0 creat$ to reflect4 ,su* a de/roy] ( k dims ! highe/ moral spl5dor ( ! univ]se4 ,god is m to me ?an a gr& & solit>y ,be+1 ?\gh refulg5t ) inf9ite p]fections4 ,contemplat$ z en?ron$ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 works1 8 spiritual (fspr+ 9 all ! gr& circuit ( ! worlds he has =m$ become a multiply+ glass1 reflect+ back ! ,orig9al 9 ! pr(usion & c\ntlessness ( inf9ity4 ,b :5 ! wick$ness ( man cuts (f entire g5]ations & :ole races f ! capacity ( reflect+ back ?is radiant image ( ! ,creator1 !n all t "p ( ! univ]se :]e !y dwell becomes black & revolt+1 & all t portion ( ! ,mirror ( ,s\ls :i* 0 design$ to reproduce & rek9dle ! glories ( ! ,et]nal absorbs & qu5*es ! rays :i* x %\ld h caught & flam$ ) anew1 & multipli$ & return$4 ,& /ill fur!r1 sir1 ,i affirm1 9 words z true & lit]al z any t belong to geometry1 t ! man :o )holds k f a *ild n only works diabolical miracles = ! de/ruction ( good1 b = ! creation ( evil also4 ,he :o %uts out tru?1 by ! same act op5s ! door to all ! error t supplies its place4 ,ignorance bre$s mon/]s to fill up all ! vacuities ( ! s\l t are unoccupi$ by ! v]ities ( k4 ,he :o de?rones ! idea ( law1 bids *aos welcome 9 its /ead4 ,sup]/ition is ! ma!matical complem5t ( religi\s tru?2 & j s mu* less z ! life ( a human be+ is reclaim$ to good1 j s mu* m is x deliv]$ ov] to evil4 ,! man or ! in/itution1 !re=e1 t )holds k f a *ild1 or f a race ( *ildr51 ex]cises ! awful p[] ( *ang+ ! _w 9 :i* !y are to live1 j z mu* z ?\gh he %\ld annihilate all t is mo/ lovely & gr& 9 ?is planet ( ours1 or transport ! victim ( 8 cruelty to "s d>k & frigid zone ( ! univ]se1 :]e ! sweets ( k are unkn[n1 & ! t]rors ( ignorance hold _! undisput$ & remorseless reign4 ,sir1 ! laws record$ 9 ! /atute books ( ! free /ates1 provid+ ! means ( education1 & woo+ ! *ildr5 to receive ! bless$ness ( true k1 are wor?y to be inscrib$ z emblems & hi]oglyphics ^u ! gold5 gates ( heav52 b ^? laws :i* de=m ! /atute books ( ! slave /ates ( ?is ,union1 mak+ x a p5al (f5ce to educate human be+s1 & doom+ immortal s\ls to p]petual ignorance1 w\ld make ! mo/ appropriate adornm5t :]e) to embelli% ) inscription & bas-relief ! pill>s ( ! c\ncil hall ( ,p&emonium4 ,sir1 if !re is any ?+ = :i* ,i w\ld g back to *ildhood1 & live ?is we>y life ov] aga91 x is = ! burn+1 exalt+1 transport+ ?rill & ec/asy ) :i* ! "y faculties hold _! e>lie/ communion ) k4 ,:5 ! pant+ & ?ir/+ s\l fir/ dr9ks ! delici\s wat]s ( tru?2 :5 ! moral & intellectual ta/es & desires fir/ seize ! fragrant fruits t fl\ri% 9 ! g>d5 ( k2 !n does ! *ild cat* a glimpse & =eta/e ( heav54 ,he regales himself ^u ! nect> & ambrosia ( ! gods4 ,late 9 life1 ?is ze/ is r>ely if ev] felt s ke5ly z at ! beg9n+4 ,su* ought n to be ! fact2 b our bodies are s sy/ematically abus$ by transgressions ( ! laws ( heal? & diet1 t ! sympa?iz+ s\l loses ! ke5ness ( its e>ly reli%4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 age has its comp5sations4 ,! old may exp]i5ce ! delights ( le>n+1 anew1 9 ! reflex pleasure ( see+ *ildr5 le>n4 ,b ^! l(ty & endur+ satisfactions1--?is pleasure1--x is no extravagance to say1 ?is bliss ( k1 bo? = p>5t & *ild1 is )held1 cruelly1 remorselessly )held1 f ! slave4 ,we "k all ?is2 we see its imbrut+ consequ5ces2 & we are compell$ to see !m1 because ! gov]nm5t w uphold slav]y "h4 ,su*1 sir1 is ! spectacle :i* is pres5t$ to all nor!rn m51 :5ev] = duty1 = bus9ess1 or = pleasure1 !y visit ?is metropolis4 ,:]ev] we g1 :]ev] we are1 ! odi\s1 abhorr$ concomitants ( ?is in/itution are =c$ ^u our obs]vation1 & become a p]petual bitt]ness 9 ! cup ( life4 ,! :ole sy/em1 ) all its adjuncts1 is irreconcilably repugnant to our ideas ( ju/ice4 ,we believe x to be a d5ial ( ! rights ( man2 we believe x to be contr>y to ! law ( ,god4 ,:e!r ^! feel+s we> away by ! lapse ( "t1 & ! indurat+ p[] ( cu/om1 ,i "k n2 b1 = "o1 ,i hope nev] to become h>d5$ & call\s to ! sight2 = x is a case :]e ,i c\ld exp]i5ce no mitigation ( my pa9s1 )\t a correspond+ debasem5t ( my nature4 ,n[1 9 all s9c]ity1 & 9 all k9dness1 ,i ask our s\!rn bre?r5 :at !re is to !m s valuable & desirable 9 reta9+ slav]y "h1 z to be a comp5sation = all ! pa9 & evil :i* its exi/5ce inflicts ^u ! nor?8 ,surely its ab&onm5t "h w\ld be a small ?+ to !m1 :ile its cont9uance is a great ?+ to u4 ,x is a great ?+ to u1 because we are held responsible = x by ! :ole civiliz$ _w4 ,?is ,di/rict is ! common possession ( ! nation4 ,congress has p[] ( exclusive legislation ov] x4 ,congress1 !re=e1 is responsible = its in/itutions1 z a man is responsible = ! condition ( 8 h\se1 & ! cu/oms ( 8 family4 ,! g5]al gov]nm5t is n responsible = ! local in/itutions ( ,massa*usetts or ( ,mississippi4 ,ea* ( !m has supreme control ov] its own dome/ic conc]ns4 ,!y may honorably dis*>ge _! debts or repudiate !m2 !y may build up in/itutions ( *>ity1 ( le>n+1 & ( religion2 or !y may suff] inhumanity & viol5ce1 ignorance & paganism1 to prevail2 & we1 "h1 _c help x1 & !re=e are n responsible = x4 ,b x is :olly o!rwise ) reg>d to ! in/itutions t prevail 9 ?is ,di/rict2 _! honor1 or _! infamy1 atta*es to u4 ,we are judg$ by !m ! _w r\nd4 ,we ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates feel x at home2 we are made to feel x /ill m deeply abroad4 ,?r\gh\t e nation 9 ,europe1 x is ! common language & ! common s5tim5t1 t an in/itution :i* exi/s 9 "o half ( ! /ates ( ?is ,union is 9 flagrant contra/ & contradiction to ! !ory ( our gov]nm5t4 ,:5 we are rem9d$ ( ?is1--:e!r 9 a k9dly & expo/ulatory mann] by our fri5ds1 or 9 an (f5sive & taunt+ "o by our enemies1--we ( ! nor? c say1 at lea/1 t we are n responsible = x4 ,we c expla9 :y we are no m am5able = ! local laws ( ,arkansas or ,miss\ri ?an we are = ! ,ca?olic religion 9 ,mexico1 or = ! revolutions 9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican republics4 ,?is is our answ]4 ,b !y /ill retort ^u u1 & say1 ,!re is "o spot = :i* y are responsible1--! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,y c\ld aboli% slav]y !re if y w\ld2 y d n2 & !re=e ! s9 ( its cont9uance is y\rs1 z mu* z if x exi/$ 9 ,new ,york or ,massa*usetts4 ,n[ ,i ask s\!rn g5tlem5 h[ x is consi/5t ) magnanimity & honor1 ) a frat]nal feel+ t[>ds ! nor?1 = !m to =ce ! odium ( ?is inconsi/5cy ^u u8 ,surely !y ga9 no cr$it1 no "* by x2 we lose bo? cr$it & "*4 ,! exi/5ce ( slav]y "h is no b5efit to !m2 x is ( unspeakable injury to u4 ,!y w\ld lose no?+ by surr5d]+ x2 we suff] e ?+ by its cont9uance4 ,a *ange w\ld "w !m no injury2 x w\ld be invaluable to u4 ,i ask !m1 on pr9ciples ( common fairness & good neighborhood1 t !y %\ld c\rte\sly & volunt>ily yield u ?is po9t1 :i* w\ld allay s mu* bitt]ness & he>t-burn+ at ! nor?1 & :i*1 accord+ to _! view ( ! matt]1 w\ld fill ! s\? ) ! sweet savor ( a g5]\s de$4 ,i "k1 sir1 t "s s\!rn g5tleman pr(ess to see a pr9ciple 9 su* a c\rse t deb>s !m f adopt+ x4 ,!y say t if slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict %\ld be surr5d]$1 x w\ld only be giv+ ! adv]s>y a vantage gr\nd1 on :i* he c\ld plant himself to attack slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,i diss5t f ?is view entirely4 ,has n ! g5tleman f ,ohio1 ,mr4 ,,gidd+s1 :o is suppos$ to repres5t ! extreme anti-slav]y views :i* exi/ 9 ?is ,h\se1--has he n decl>$ "h1 a hundr$ times ov]1 t he disclaims all "r1 t he r5\nces all legal au?ority & pretext1 "u ! con/itution1 to lay ! h&s ( ?is gov]nm5t1 = ! purpose ( free+ him1 on a s+le slave 9 ! slave /ates8 ,b cle>ly ! pr9ciple is diff]5t 9 reg>d to slaves 9 ?is ,di/rict1 :]e we possess ! p[] ( 8exclusive legislation40 ,b if g5tlem5 at ! s\? see a pr9ciple :i* deb>s !m f surr5d]+ slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 we at ! nor? see a pr9ciple :i* prompts u1 & w prompt u1 until ! "w is accompli%$1 to r5ew$ ex]tions4 ,on ! same gr\nd on :i* slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict has be5 def5d$ = ! la/ fifty ye>s1 x c be def5d$ = ! next fifty1 or ! next five hundr$ ye>s2 x c be def5d$ =ev]4 ,?is idea ( p]petual slav]y 9 ! v h\sehold ( a republic ( freem5 is n to be tol]at$1 & _c be tol]at$4 ,b ,i w n dwell on ?is topic fur!r4 ,i close ?is bran* ( my argum5t ) a proposition :i* seems to me b fair & equitable4 ,! s\? has held ?is metropolis z a slave capital = fifty ye>s4 ,let x n[ be held z a free capital = fifty ye>s2 & if1 at ! end ( ?is p]iod1 adequate reasons c be %[n1 be=e any nation1 civiliz$ or unciviliz$1 ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 = re/or+ x to slav]y aga91 ,i1 = "o1 %\ld h no fe>s ( ent]+ into an engagem5t ^u su* a condition1 t x %\ld aga9 become 8a l& ( ,egypt & a h\se ( bondage40 99 99 99 99 99 ,not)/&+ ,i h dwelt s long ^u ! social & moral aspects ( ?is subject1 ,i am /ill tempt$ n to =ego t :i* 0 my pr9cipal object 9 ris+1 namely1 to submit an argum5t on ! "q ( ! legality or con/itutionality ( slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,i h be/[$ mu* c>eful att5tion ^u ?is subject1 ) ! s9c]e/ desire ( arriv+ at true1 legal1 & con/itutional results4 ,i submit my views ) def]5ce1 because ,i "k !y are 9 conflict ) ! views ( o!rs1 = ^: k & abilities ,i h a pr(\nd respect4 ,! legality ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia has be5 assum$1 & practically acquiesc$ 91 = fifty ye>s4 ,_h ! "q ( its validity be5 rais$1 & argu$ on ! pr9ciples ( ! con/itution1 imm$iately aft] ! creation ( ! ,di/rict1 ,i believe ?is t]ritory w\ld h be5 decl>$ free soil4 ,9 my consci5ti\s op9ion1 slav]y exi/s 9 ?is ,di/rict only by orig9al usurpation & subsequ5t acquiesc5ce4 ,if s1 ,congress _c be too spe$ily invok$ to abdicate ! p[] x has usurp$4 #a4 ,! fir/ position ,i take is ?is3 ,t slav]y has no legal exi/5ce any :]e1 unless by =ce ( positive law4 ,if any man claims au?ority ov] ! body1 m9d1 & s\l ( "o ( 8 fell[-m51 & claims ?is au?ority n only = ! :ole life ( 8 victim1 b a l au?ority ov] all 8 desc5dants1 !re is no "p ( ! civiliz$ _w :]e he w n be requir$ to %[ "s positive law1 au?oriz+ ! p[] & ! bondage4 ,if ! claimant says1 8,i am /rong]1 or ,i am wis] ?an he20 or1 8,i h an ,anglo-,saxon bra91 :ile he has only an ,african bra920 or1 8my sk9 is :ite1 & 8 sk9 is n :ite20 or1 8,i desc5d$ f ,%em1 & he f ,ham2 &1 !re=e1 he is my slave10--!re is n a c\rt 9 ,*ri/5dom1 :i*1 ?\gh x may admit ! fact1 w ratify ! inf]5ce4 ,if ! claimant affirms t x is morally "r = him to seize 8 fell[-man & r$uce him to slav]y2 if he br+s ! ,bible into c\rt z 8 law book1 & cites ,abraham & ,isaac1 & ,jacob & ,paul1 z 8 au?orities2 /ill1 ,i say1 !re is n a c\rt 9 ,*ri/5dom t w n d5y ! validity ( ! title1 & rebuke ! arrogance ( ! dem&4#f ,positive law1 !n1 is ! only f\ndation ( slav]y4 ,! au?orities are num]\s1 if n numb]less1 to e/abli% ?is position4 ,i %all n encumb] ?is argum5t by cit+ _m ( !m4 ,! few :i* ,i %all cite w conta9 a ref]5ce to ! re/4 ,! gr& reason aga9/ slav]y giv5 by ,"l ,mansfield1 9 ,som]set's case1 01 8t x is s intr9sically wrong t x is incapable ( be+ introduc$ into any c\ntry1 on any reasons moral or political1 & c only /& on positive law40 #bj ,/ate ,trials1 #a4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all says1 8,t x slav]y is contr>y to ! law ( nature1 w sc>cely be d5i$4 ,t e man has a natural "r to ! fruits ( 8 own labor1 is g5]ally admitt$2 & t no o!r p]son c rightfully deprive him ( ^? fruits & appropriate !m aga9/ 8 w1 seems to be ! necess>y result ( ?is admission40 ,antelope1 #aj ,:eat41 #abj4 8,! fir/ objection10 says ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,be/1 9 ! case ( ,=bes & ,co*rane1 8:i* occurs to me1 9 ?is case1 is t x does n appe>1 9 ! special case1 t ! "r to slaves exi/s 9 ,ea/ ,florida4 ,t "r is n a g5]al b a local "r2 x ought1 !re=e1 to h be5 %[n t x exi/$ 9 ,florida1 & t ! def5dants knew ( its exi/5ce4 ,assum+1 h[ev]1 t ^? facts did appe>1 /ill1 "u ! circum/ances ( ?is case1 ?is action c\ld n be ma9ta9$4 8,! "q is1 ,7 ^! p]sons slaves at ! "t :5 ,sir ,g4 ,cockburn refus$ to d ! act :i* he 0 desir$ to d8 ,i am decid$ly ( op9ion t !y 7 no long] slaves4 ,! mom5t !y put _! feet on bo>d ( a ,briti% man-(-w>1 n ly+ )9 ! wat]s ( ,ea/ ,florida1 7:]e und\bt$ly ! laws ( t c\ntry w\ld prevail17 ^? p]sons :o _h be=e be5 slaves 7 free4444 ,slav]y is a local law1 &1 !re=e1 if a man wi%es to pres]ve 8 slaves1 let him atta* !m to him by affection1 or make fa/ ! b>s ( _! prison1 or rivet well _! *a9s2 = ! in/ant !y get beyond ! limits :]e slav]y is recogniz$ by ! local law1 !y h brok5 _! *a9s1 !y h escap$ f _! prison1 & are free40 #b ,b>n4 ,cres4 #dff-g2 ,=bes vs4 ,co*rane1 ,s4 ,c41 #c ,d[l4 ,ryl&1 #fgi4 8,i am ( op9ion10 says ,holroyd1 ,j41 9 ! same case1 8t accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,engli% law ! "r to slaves1 ev5 9 a c\ntry :]e su* rights are recogniz$ by law1 mu/ be consid]$ z f\nd$1 n ^u ! law ( nature1 b ^u ! p>ticul> law ( t c\ntry40 8,! law ( slav]y is a law 9 invitum2 & :5 a p>ty gets out ( ! t]ritory :]e x prevails1 & out ( ! p[] ( 8 ma/]1 & gets "u ! protection ( ano!r p[]1 )\t any wrongful act done by ! p>ty giv+ t protection1 ! "r ( ! ma/]1 :i* is f\nd$ on ! municipal law ( ! p>ticul> place only1 does n cont9ue1 & !re is no "r ( action aga9/ a p>ty :o m]ely receives ! slave 9 t c\ntry1 )\t do+ any wrongful act40 ,! def9ition ( slav]y giv5 by ! ,roman law implies t x is local3 ,s]vitus e/ con/itutio juris g5tium1 qua quis dom9io ali5o1 ,,contra ,,naturam1 subjicitur4 ,commonweal? vs4 ,aves1 #ah ,pick4 ,rep41 #aic2 ,luns=d vs4 ,coquillon1 #ad ,m>t9's ,rep4 #djb4 8,! relation ( own] & slave is a creation ( ! municipal law40 ,rank9 vs4 ,lydia1 #c ,m>%all1 #dgj1 ,ky42 ,butl] vs4 ,hopp]1 #a ,wa%4 ,c4 ,c4 ,rep4 #dii2 ,ex p>te ,simmons1 #d ,wa%4 ,c4 ,c4 #bif2 ,m>ie ,l\ise vs4 ,m>ot et al41 #i ,curry's ,l\isiana ,rep4 #dgc4 ,?is po9t may be pres5t$ 9 ano!r light4 ,by ! law ( nature all m5 are free4 ,b 9 "s gov]nm5ts ! law ( ! /ate1 upheld by ! p[] ( ! /ate1 ov]rides ! law ( nature1 & enslaves a portion ( ! p4 ,! law ( nature rec$es be=e ?is legaliz$ viol5ce2 b x rec$es no f>!r ?an ! legaliz$ viol5ce drives x back4 ,)9 ! jurisdictional limits ( su* /ates1 !n1 slav]y is made legal1 ?\gh x is n made "r4 ,b if a slave passes out ( ! jurisdiction :]e viol5ce ov]p[]s "r1 into a jurisdiction :]e "r is sup]ior to viol5ce1 he is !n free2 n because !re is any *ange 9 ! man1 b because !re is a *ange 9 ! laws to :i* ! man is subject4 ,!re may1 h[ev]1 be "s fur!r positive law :i*1 ?\gh x does n au?orize ! buy+ or sell+ ( a slave1 /ill does provide t an escap$ or escap+ slave may be recaptur$ & r$eliv]$ into bondage4 ,su* is ! ?ird p>agraph ( ! second section ( ! f\r? article ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,su*1 too1 is ! act ( ,congress ( ,febru>y #ab1 #agic1 provid+ = ! recapture ( fugitive slaves4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld n be )\t positive law4 ,! debates 9 all ! conv5tions = adopt+ ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 proce$ ^u ! gr\nd t slav]y dep5ds ^u positive law = its exi/5ce4 ,if x did n1--if a man :o has a legal "r to a slave 9 ,virg9ia1 has a legal "r to him any:]e1--!n ! provision 9 ! con/itution1 & ! act ( #agic = recaptur+ fugitive slaves1 w\ld h be5 unnecess>y4 ,on ! s\? side ( a b\nd>y l9e1 !n1 slav]y may exi/ by =ce ( positive law2 :ile1 on ! nor? side1 9 ! abs5ce ( any su* law1 slav]y is unlawful4 ,a slave pass+ out ( a jurisdiction :]e slav]y is legaliz$1 into a jurisdiction :]e x is n1 becomes free4 ,x is z ?\gh a man %\ld migrate f "o ( ^? ,s\? ,sea isl&s1 :]e cannibalism is legaliz$1 & :]e ! public au?orities1 accord+ to ! reports ( travell]s1 n only condemn & execute a crim9al1 b d9e on him1 aft] he is execut$1--x is1 ,i say1 z ?\gh ! subject ( su* a gov]nm5t %\ld migrate into "o :]e cannibalism is n lawful1 & :]e1 !re=e1 ?\gh he %\ld be condemn$ & execut$ = crime1 x w\ld be no "p ( ! s5t5ce or ! c]emony t he %\ld be eat5 by 8 judges4 ,he is out ( cannibal jurisdiction4 ,! "r ( fre$om is a natural "r4 ,x is a positive exi/5ce4 ,x is a moral entity4 ,l ! "r to life1 x p]ta9s1 by ! law ( nature & ( ,god1 to e human be+4 ,?is moral "r cont9ues to exi/ until x is aboli%$4 ,"s act aboli%+ ?is fre$om1 !n1 mu/ be prov$2 x mu/ be prov$ affirmatively1 or else ! fact ( fre$om rema9s4 ,?is is ! solid & inde/ructible gr\nd ( ! maxim1 t slav]y c exi/ only by positive law2 t x is a local in/itution2 t ! "r ( fre$om mu/ fir/ be aboli%$ be=e slav]y c exi/4 #b4 ,my second position is ?is3 ,t a man's legal condition may be *ang$ by a *ange 9 ! gov]nm5t ov] him1 :ile he rema9s 9 ! same place1 j z effectually z x c be *ang$ by 8 removal to ano!r place1 & putt+ himself "u ano!r gov]nm5t4 ,! inhabitants ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican colonies did n *ange _! place ( resid5ce :5 !y pass$ f "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,great ,brita91 & came "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! conf$]ation4 ,! ,mexicans1 inhabit+ ! !n /ates ( ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico1 did n *ange _! place ( resid5ce1 :51 on ! ?irtie? day ( ,may la/1 !y ceas$ to be citiz5s ( ! ,mexican republic1 & became citiz5s1 or quasi citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_! political relations 7 *ang$1 n by _! removal f "u ! canopy ( "o gov]nm5t & plac+ !mselves "u ! canopy ( ano!r gov]nm5t1 b by ! )drawal ( "o gov]nm5t f ov] !m1 & by ! ext5sion to !m ( c]ta9 political rights & capacities "u ano!r gov]nm5t4 ,be=e ?is ?irtie? day ( ,may1 !y c\ld h committ$ treason aga9/ ,mexico1 b n aft] x4 ,be=e x1 !y c\ld n commit treason aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b :5 !y %all be citiz5s ( ! ,union1 !y c4 ,^! vital *anges 9 _! relations are )\t any *ange 9 _! resid5ce4 ,)9 my recollection1 an old g5tleman di$ 9 ,massa*usetts1 :o _h liv$ 9 five diff]5t t[ns1 b /ill rema9$ :]e he 0 born1 l "o ( ! old oak trees on ! home/ead4 ,! "p ( ! orig9al t[n :]e he 0 born _h be5 set (f & incorporat$ into a new t[n2 & t "p ( ! second t[n :]e he liv$1 into a ?ird2 & s on1 until he di$ 9 ! fif? t[n )\t any *ange ( domicile4 ,n[1 ?is man liv$ "u ! jurisdiction & by-laws ( five t[ns1 z !y 7 successively incorporat$ ov] him1 j z mu* z ?\gh he _h /ruck 8 t5t five times1 & plac$ himself1 by successive migrations1 "u five diff]5t municipal jurisdictions4 ,a simil> ?+ mu/ h happ5$ to ?\s&s ( our fell[-citiz5s ( ! ,union4 ,"s ( !m at fir/ liv$ "u a =eign gov]nm5t2 !n "u "o t]ritorial gov]nm5t2 !n "u ano!r2 & at la/ h become citiz5s ( a /ate1 )\t any *ange ( domicile4 ,inde$1 x w\ld seem t no?+ c be cle>] ?an ! proposition1 :e!r reg>d$ z a legal or a political "o1 t ! laws & ! jurisdiction may be *ang$ ov] a man :o cont9ues to reside 9 ! same place1 j z effectually & z completely z a man may *ange ! laws & jurisdiction ov] himself by remov+ to a diff]5t place4 ,9 _m cases1 ! =m] works a m ?or\gh *ange ?an ! latt]4 ,! laws ( ,great ,brita9 d n ackn[l$ge ! "r ( self-expatriation2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 x is held1 t ! inhabitants ( a =eign prov9ce1 incorporat$ into ! k+dom1 *ange _! allegiance )\t *ang+ _! resid5ce4 #c4 ,my ?ird proposition is ?is3 ,t ! jurisdiction "u :i* ! inhabitants ( :at is n[ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia liv$1 prior to ! cession ( ! ,di/rict by ,m>yl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 utt]ly & totally *ang$1 at ! mom5t ( ! cession1--at ! mom5t :51 accord+ to ! provisions ( ! con/itution1 !y ceas$ to be citiz5s ( ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 & became citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,by ! #ag? p>agraph1 7,hickey's ,con/itution17 ( ! #h? section ( ! #a/ article1 x is provid$ t ,congress %all h p[] 8to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict1 7n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e17 z may1 by cession ( p>ticul> /ates1 & ! acceptance ( ,congress1 become ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,congress1 !n1 has ! p[] ( sole & exclusive legislation1 89 all cases :atsoev]10 9 reg>d to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8exclusive0 9 ?is connection8 ,x _c mean absolute & uncontroll$2 =1 if x did1 x w\ld make ,congress z sov]eign z ! ,russian autocrat4 ,x means t no o!r gov]nm5t1 no o!r body ( m5 :atev]1 %all h concurr5t p[] ( legislation ov] ! ,di/rict2 nor1 inde$1 any subord9ate p[]1 except :at may be d]iv$ f ,congress4 ,ov] e man :o is a citiz5 ( "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re are two jurisdictions1--! jurisdiction ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 & ! jurisdiction ( ! /ate gov]nm5t4 ,!re are two gov]nm5ts t h ! p[] to legislate = him2 b !re is only "o p[]1--! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--t c legislate = a citiz5 ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,k5dall vs4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ab ,pet]s1 #ebd1 x is said1 8,!re is 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia no division ( p[]s betwe5 ! g5]al & /ate gov]nm5ts4 ,congress has ! entire control ov] ! ,di/rict1 = e purpose ( gov]nm5t40 ,s x has be5 held t a ju/ice ( ! peace 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is an (fic] ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & is !re=e exempt f militia duty4 ,wise vs4 ,)]s1 #c ,cran*1 #cca2 #a ,cond4 ,rep4 #eeb4 ,a citiz5 ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is n a citiz5 ( any "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,hepburn et al4 vs4 ,ell]y1 #b ,cran*1 #dde2 ,we/cott's ,lessee vs4 ,inhabitants ----1 ,pet]s1 ,c4 ,c4 ,r4 #de4 ,up to ! "t ( ! cession1 ! inhabitants ( ?is ,di/rict 7 "u two jurisdictions--t ( ,m>yl& & t ( ,congress2 b aft] ! cession1 "u t ( ,congress alone4 ,n[1 :5 ! inhabitants ( ?is ,di/rict pass$ out ( ! jurisdiction ( ,m>yl&1 & came "u ! exclusive jurisdiction ( ,congress1 let u see :at 0 ! effect ( su* *ange ( jurisdiction ^u !m4 ,9 ! act ( ,congress ( #agij1 c4 #bh1 sect4 #a1 :i* 0 an act = e/abli%+ ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re is ! foll[+ clause3 8,provid$1 nev]!less1 ,t ! op]ation ( ! laws ( ! /ate ( ,m>yl& )9 su* ,di/rict %all n be affect$ by ?is acceptance1 until ! "t fix$ = ! removal ( ! gov]nm5t !reto1 & until ,congress %all o!rwise by law provide40 ,"h1 !n1 ,congress expressly provid$ & contract$ ) ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 t ! laws ( ,m>yl& 9 ?is ,di/rict %\ld n be int]f]$ ) until ! removal ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t to ?is place2 & ,congress likewise impli$ly provid$ & contract$1 t :5 ! seat ( gov]nm5t %\ld be remov$ to ?is place1 x w\ld dis*>ge ! duty impos$ ^u x by ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & w\ld assume & ex]cise ! 8exclusive legislation0 provid$ = 9 t in/rum5t4 ,?is act ( ,congress 0 approv$ on ! #af? ( ,july1 #agij4 ,by ! ,m>yl& laws ( #agia1 c4 #de1 sect4 #b1 t /ate c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory :i* n[ con/itutes ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ! words ( ! cession are ^!3 8,9 full & absolute "r1 z well ( soil z ( p]son1 resid+ or to reside !reon10 c4 444 provid$ t ! jurisdiction ( ! laws ( ,m>yl& 8%all n cease or det]m9e until ,congress %all by law provide = ! gov]nm5t !re(40 ,! /ate ( ! case1 !n1 0 simply ?is3 #a4 ,! con/itution gave ,congress p[] ( 8exclusive legislation0 ov] su* di/rict z might be c$$ = ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 #b4 ,congress1 by ! act ( #agij1 above ref]r$ to1 propos$ to ! /ate ( ,m>yl& to accept a portion ( h] t]ritory = ?is purpose1 b engag$ n to int]f]e ) h] laws until aft] x _h tak5 actual possession ( ! c$$ t]ritory4 #c4 ,m>yl& accept$ ! proposition1 rehe>s+ ! condition 9 ^! words2 namely1 t 8! laws ( ,m>yl& %all n cease or det]m9e until ,congress %all by law provide = ! gov]nm5t !re(40 ,by ! #f? section ( ! act ( #agij1 c4 #bh1 ,congress provid$ t x w\ld remove to ?is ,di/rict1 & make ?is ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 on ! fir/ ,monday ( ,decemb]1 #ahjj4 ,x did s2 & n[ its express duty "u ! con/itution1 & its impli$ promise to ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 7 to be fulfill$1 by ex]cis+ 8exclusive legislation0 ov] ?is ,di/rict4 ,9 fulfilm5t ( ?is duty & promise1 ,congress1 on ! #bg? ( ,febru>y1 #ahja1 by ! act ( #ahja1 c4 #ae1 proce$$ to legislate = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 &1 9 ! fir/ section ( t act1 x provid$ z foll[s3-- 8,be x enact$1 c41 ,t ! laws ( ! /ate ( ,virg9ia1 z !y n[ exi/1 %all be & cont9ue 9 =ce 9 t "p ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia :i* 0 c$$ by ! said /ate to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & by !m accept$ = ! p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t2 & t ! laws ( ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 z !y n[ exi/1 %all be & cont9ue 9 =ce 9 t "p ( ! said ,di/rict :i* 0 c$$ by t /ate to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & by !m accept$1 z a=esaid40 ,by ?is act1 !n1 ,congress assum$ to ex]cise1 & did ex]cise1 t exclusive legislation ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia :i* _h be5 provid$ = by ! con/itution4 ,t portion ( ! ,di/rict :i* 0 c$$ to ,congress by ,virg9ia1 hav+ be5 rec$$ to t /ate by ! act ( ,congress ( ,july #i1 #ahdf1 7/at4 #ahdf1 c4 #ce17 all t relates to x may1 = ! purposes ( ?is argum5t1 be laid out ( ! "q4 ,on ! #bg? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahja1 !n1 ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 z su*1 7 abrogat$ 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,! legislative p[] ( ,congress 0 de facto exclusive4 ,all legislative p[] previ\sly possess$ by ,m>yl& ov] x1 !n ceas$4 ,! connection ( ,m>yl& ) ?is ,di/rict1 z a "p ( its =m] t]ritory1 & occupi$ by its =m] citiz5s1 0 dissolv$4 ,x _h no long] any m legislative p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ?an ,ma9e or ,georgia _h4 ,hi/orically1 we may talk ab\t ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 z !y once exi/$ "h2 b practically1 & z a matt] ( /rict law & fact1 h] laws 7 no long] kn[n )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! laws :i* gov]n$ ! p ( ?is ,di/rict aft] ! #bg? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahja1 7 ! laws ( ,congress1 & n ! laws ( ,m>yl&4 ,to %[ t ?is "p ( ! ,di/rict pass$ out f "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,m>yl&1 & came "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i ref] to ,reilly1 appellant1 vs4 ,lam> et al41 #b ,cran*1 #cdd2 #a ,cond4 ,rep4 #cbb1 :]e x is said1 8,by ! sep>ation ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia f ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl&1 ! resid5ts 9 t "p ( ,m>yl& :i* became a "p ( ! ,di/rict1 ceas$ to be citiz5s ( ! /ate40 ,x 0 held1 9 t case1 t a citiz5 ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia c\ld n be dis*>g$ by ! insolv5t law ( ,m>yl&4 ,a citiz5 ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia _c ma9ta9 an action 9 ! circuit c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates out ( ! ,di/rict1 he n be+ a citiz5 ( ! /ate )9 ! mean+ ( ! provision ( ! law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates regulat+ ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,hepburn et al4 vs4 ,ellzey1 #b ,cran*1 #dde2 #a ,cond4 ,rep4 #ddd4 ,see also ,l\ghbor\gh vs4 ,blake1 #e ,:eat4 #cag1 & ,levy ,c\rt ( ,wa%+ton vs4 ,r+gold1 #e ,pet]s1 #dea4 #d4 ,! next po9t ( inquiry is1 ,:at is ! legal =ce & effect1 ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 ( ! act ( ,congress ( #ahja1 be=e cit$8 ,its words are1 8,t ! laws ( ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 z !y n[ exi/1 %all be cont9u$ 9 =ce 9 t "p ( said ,di/rict :i* 0 c$$ by t /ate to ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 c4 ,& "h1 ,i ackn[l$ge t ! op]ation ( ?is clause is precisely ! same z ?\gh ,congress _h transcrib$ all ! ,m>yl& laws1 ^w = ^w1 & lett] = lett]1 into its own /atute book1 ) ! clause prefix$1 8,be x enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ,congress assembl$10 & ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h affix$ 8 signature !reto4 ,i ackn[l$ge fur!r1 t ! laws ( ,m>yl& _h legaliz$ slav]y )9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 & _h def9$ :at classes ( p]sons might be held z slaves !re94 ,b x by no means foll[s1 because ,congress propos$ to renact1 9 t]ms1 = ?is ,di/rict1 all ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 t1 !re=e1 x did renact !m4 ,x does n foll[1 t because two legislatures use ! same words1 t ! words mu/ necess>ily h ! same effect4 ,x makes all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w1 :e!r words are us$ by "o possess$ ( p[]1 or by "o devoid ( p[]4 ,congress might pass a law 9 precisely ! same words z ^? us$ by ! ,p>liam5t ( ,great ,brita91 & yet ! law ( ,congress be invalid & inop]ative1 :ile ! act ( ,p>liam5t w\ld be valid & b9d+4 ,we h a writt5 con/itution2 ,great ,brita9 has no writt5 con/itution4 ,! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 on _m subjects1 has an ampl] jurisdiction ?an ! ,am]ican ,congress4 ,! law ( ,congress might be uncon/itutional & void1 :ile t ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 fram$ 9 precisely ! same language1 might be con/itutional & b9d+4 ,s ! law ( ,m>yl& might be valid "u ! con/itution ( ,m>yl&1 &1 !re=e1 b9d+ ^u ! citiz5s ( ,m>yl&2 :ile ! law ( ,congress1 ?\gh fram$ 9 precisely ! same words1 w\ld be repugnant to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !re=e h no validity4 ,n[ ?is is precisely ! case be=e u4 ,congress1 9 attempt+ to renact ! ,m>yl& laws1 to uphold slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 transc5d$ ! limits ( its con/itutional p[]4 ,x act$ uncon/itutionally4 ,x act$ 9 pla9 contrav5tion ( "s ( ! pla9e/ & mo/ obvi\s pr9ciples consecrat$ by ! con/itution4 ,if s1 no "o w dispute t its act is void4 ,i d n d5y1 !n1 t ,congress us$ words ( suffici5t amplitude to cov] slav]y2 b :at ,i d5y is1 t x _h any p[] to give legal =ce to ^? words4 #e4 ,my next proposition1 !re=e1 is ?is3 ,t z ,congress c d no?+ except+ :at x is emp[]$ to d by ! con/itution1 & z ! con/itution does n emp[] x to e/abli% slav]y "h1 x _c e/abli% slav]y "h1 nor cont9ue x4 ,:]e is !re any express p[] giv5 to ,congress by ! con/itution to e/abli% slav]y8 ,:]e is ! article1 section1 or clause8 ,i dem& to h ! title %[n4 ,?\s&s ( human be+s are n to be robb$ ( all _! de>e/ rights1 & !y & _! *ildr51 =ev]1 by /ra9$ con/itutions1 or apocryphal au?ority1 doom$ to bondage4 ,w ^? :o say t ,congress _c e/abli% a bank+ in/itution by con/ruction1 nor aid int]nal improvem5ts1 nor enact a t>iff1--w !y say t ,congress c make a man a slave1 & all 8 po/]ity slaves1 by con/ruction8 ,nor c any p[] to e/abli% slav]y be d$uc$ f ! #ah? clause ( ! #h? section ( ! #a/ article ( ! con/itution1 :i* gives ,congress p[] 8to make all laws :i* %all be necess>y & prop] = c>ry+ into execution0 ! p[]s t are grant$4 ,:at p[] is grant$ to ,congress1 = ! ex]cise ( :i* ! e/abli%m5t ( slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict is a necess>y means or a prelim9>y8 ,congress has p[] to lay & collect taxes2 to borr[ money2 to regulate comm]ce2 to e/abli% uni=m rules ( naturalization2 to co9 money2 to puni% c\nt]feit]s2 to e/abli% po/ (fices & po/ roads2 to promote ! progress ( sci5ce & ! arts2 to e/abli% c\rts2 to def9e & puni% piracies on ! high seas2 to decl>e w>2 to raise & support armies2 to provide & ma9ta9 a navy2 to organize & ma9ta9 a militia2 & s =?1 & s =?4 ,b to :at "o ( all ^! p[]s is ! p[] to e/abli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia a necess>y incid5t8 ,if slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 7 to cease to-day1 c\ld n ! gov]nm5t cont9ue to ex]cise e function :i* x has h]et(ore ex]cis$8 ,if s1 !n ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict is n 8necess>y0 to ! ex]cise ( any ( ! expressly grant$ p[]s4 ,i call ^u any g5tleman to "n any "o p[] ( ?is gov]nm5t :i* _c be ex]cis$1 :i* mu/ necess>ily cease1 if slav]y %\ld cease to be1 9 ?is ,di/rict ( ,columbia8 8,i pause = a reply40 ,well1 !n1 if a p[] to e/abli% slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict is n among ! grant$ p[]s1 & if x is n necess>y = ! ex]cise ( any "o ( ! grant$ p[]s1 !n x is--no :]e2--x does n exi/ at all4 ,no p[] ( ,congress1 !n1 exi/s1 ei!r = ! creation or = ! cont9uance ( slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict2 & all ! legislation ( ,congress ^u ?is subject is beyond or aga9/ ! con/itution4 ,let me illu/rate ?is 9 ano!r way4 ,suppose !re _h be5 a religi\s e/abli%m5t 9 ,m>yl& at ! "t ( ! cession2 suppose1 "u ! auspices ( ,"l ,baltimore1 ! ,ca?olic religion _h be5 e/abli%$ z ! religion ( ! /ate2 & t1 9 ord] to puni% h]esy & secure con=mity to ! religion ( ! /ate1 an inquisition _h be5 f\nd$1 & t ! seat ( t inquisition _h be5 )9 ! limits ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 at ! "t ( ! cession2 c\ld ,congress1 9 ! abs5ce ( all express or impli$ au?ority on ! subject ( e/abli%+ a /ate religion1 h upheld ! ,ca?olic religion "h1 & appo9t$ ! (fic]s ( ! inquisition to adm9i/] x8 ,! idea is abhorr5t to ! :ole _s ( ! con/itution4 ,b ,congress _h z mu* p[] to e/abli% a national religion "h1 9 ! abs5ce ( all express or impli$ au?ority to d s1 z to e/abli% slav]y "h4 ,congress1 !n1 does n & _c legalize slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,x f\nd slav]y 9 exi/5ce 9 ! /ates2 & x does n aboli% x1 or int]f]e ) x1 because x has no p[] ( 8exclusive legislation0 9 !m4 ,b ,congress has z mu* "r to g into any /ate & aboli% slav]y !re1 z any /ate1 ev5 ,virg9ia or ,m>yl&1 has to come into ?is ,di/rict ) its laws & e/abli% slav]y "h4 ,i suppose t no juri/ w cont5d t ,congress c\ld h pass$ ! act ( #agic1 = ! recapture ( fugitive slaves1 _h x n be5 = ! ?ird clause 9 ! second section ( ! f\r? article ( ! con/itution1 :i* provides = ! r$eliv]y ( a fugitive slave1 on ! claim ( 8 ma/]4 ,by ?is article 9 ! con/itution1 ! case ( fugitive slaves only is provid$ =4 ,if a ma/] volunt>ily c>ries 8 slave into a free /ate1 & ! slave dep>ts f 8 possession1 he _c reclaim him4 ,:y n8 ,:y _c ,congress pass a law1 t if a man takes a doz5 slaves to ,bo/on1 & !y !re see fit to /rike = wages1 & to leave 8 possession because _! t]ms are n compli$ )1--:y is x1 ,i ask1 t ,congress _c pass a law au?oriz+ _! seizure & deliv]y into ! ma/]'s h&s8 ,! reason is1 t ! con/itution has conf]r$ ^u ,congress no su* express p[]1 nor is any su* p[] impli$ z be+ necess>y to ! ex]cise ( any p[] t is express$4 ,& if ,congress _c s mu* z re/ore a slave to a ma/]1 :o has volunt>ily c>ri$ him into a free /ate1 h[ c x cont9ue slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 aft] ,m>yl& has c$$ x to ?is gov]nm5t1 ^: fundam5tal1 organic law gives x no p[] to create or cont9ue slav]y "h8 ,suppose ,m>yl& _h c$$ h] %>e ( ! ,di/rict to ,massa*usetts1 w\ld n e slave 9 x h be5 in/antane\sly free by ! con/itution ( ,massa*usetts8 ,!y w\ld h be5 transf]r$ to a free jurisdiction1--j z mu* z an individual own] ( a slave transf]s him to a free jurisdiction1 :5 he volunt>ily takes him to ! nor?4 ,! legal exi/5ce ( slav]y 0 annull$ 9 ?is ,di/rict :5 ,congress ex]cis$ its 8exclusive0 p[] ov] x1 j z mu* z ! debtor's "r to be dis*>g$ "u ! ,m>yl& bankrupt law 0 annull$4 ,b ,i g fur!r ?an ?is2 & ,i say t ! con/itution n only does n emp[] ,congress to e/abli% or cont9ue slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 b aga9 & aga91 by ! /ronge/ implications possible1 x prohibits ! ex]cise ( su* a p[]4 ,9 reg>d to ?is :ole matt] ( slav]y1 ! con/itution t\*es ! subject ) an av]t$ face4 ,! abhorr$ ^w 8slave0 is n[h]e m5tion$ 9 x4 ,! con/itution is a%am$ to utt] su* a "n4 ,! c\ntry1 com+ fre% f t baptism ( fire1--! ,am]ican ,revolution1--w\ld n pr(ane its lips ) ?is unhall[$ ^w4 ,h5ce1 circumlocution is resort$ to4 ,x seeks to escape a guilty confession4 ,l a culprit1 9 :om "s love ( "* /ill survives1 x speaks ( its (f5ce )\t call+ x by "n4 ,x uses ! reputable & honorable ^w 8p]sons10 in/ead ( ! accurs$ ^w 8slaves40 ,z ! ,tyrian que51 ab\t to p]petrate a de$ :i* w\ld consign h] "* to infamy1 call$ x by ! sacr$ "n ( 8m>riage10 & committ$ x1-- 8,hoc prtexit nom9e culpam20 s ! con/itution1 ab\t to recognize ! mo/ guilty & cruel ( all relations betwe5 man & man1 s\ght to av]t its eyes f ! act1 & to pacify ! remon/rances ( consci5ce aga9/ e p>ticipation 9 ! crime1 by hid+ ! de$ "u a reputable ^w4 ,b let u look to ! prohibitions ( ! con/itution2 = ,i ma9ta9 t !re is n only no p[]1 express or impli$1 9 ! con/itution au?oriz+ ,congress to create or cont9ue slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 b t x is deb>r$ & prohibit$ f do+ s1 aga9 & aga94 ,i suppose no "o w d5y t ! positive prohibitions1 aga9/ ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 enum]at$ p[]s1 apply to ,congress1 :5 legislat+ = ?is ,di/rict1 j z mu* z :5 legislat+ = ! union at l>ge4 ,?is doctr9e has rec5tly be5 /rongly ass]t$ by ,mr4 ,calh\n 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 z ,i w\ld gladly produce conviction 9 s\!rn m9ds1 ,i make use ( ?is s\!rn au?ority4 ,he affirms t ,congress1 9 legislat+ = ! t]ritories1 8is subject to _m & important re/rictions & conditions1 ( :i* "s are express$ & o!rs impli$4 ,among ! =m] may be class$ all ! g5]al & absolute prohibitions ( ! con/itution2 t is1 all ^? :i* prohibit ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 p[]s "u any circum/ances4 ,9 ?is class is includ$ ! prohibition ( grant+ titles ( nobility2 pass+ ex po/ facto laws & bills ( atta9d]2 ! susp5sion ( ! writ ( habeas corpus1 except 9 c]ta9 cases2 mak+ laws respect+ ! e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or its free ex]cise1 & e o!r ( l description40 ,w any man say t ,congress c pass an ex po/ facto law = ?is ,di/rict1 & def5d itself by ref]r+ to its p[] ( 8exclusive legislation0 ov] x8 ,c ,congress pass a bill ( atta9d] corrupt+ ! blood ( an inhabitant ( ?is ,di/rict1 or repeal or susp5d at any "t 8 "r to a writ ( habeas corpus1 or e/abli% a religion "h1 or int]dict ! free ex]cise !re(8 ,no juri/1 no /atesman1 w pret5d x4 ,b !re is ano!r prohibition 9 ! con/itution e :it z full & explicit z any ( ^!4 ,! fif? article ( am5dm5t decl>es t 8no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law40 ,"h ! con/itution uses ! ^w 8p]son10--! mo/ compreh5sive ^w x c\ld f9d4 8,no ,,p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law40 ,n[1 :at does ?is ^w 8p]son0 mean8 ,or :o1 "u ! con/itution1 is su* a 8p]son0 z _c be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 by virtue ( an act ( ,congress1 )\t due process ( law8 ,let u take our def9ition ( ! ^w 8p]son0 f ! con/itution itself4 8,no p]son %all be a repres5tative1 :o %all n h atta9$ ! age ( tw5ty-five ye>s10 c41 7see #b;d clause ( ! #b;d section ( ! #a/ article47 8,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al /ates :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree fif?s ( all o!r p]sons40 7#c;d clause ( ! same section47 8,no p]son %all be a s5ator :o %all n h atta9$ ! age ( ?irty ye>s10 c4 7#a/ art41 #c;d section1 #c;d clause47 8,no p]son %all be convict$ ( an impea*able (f5ce1 by ! ,s5ate )\t ! concurr5ce ( two ?irds40 7#a/ art41 #c;d section1 #f? clause47 8,no p]son hold+ any (fice "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be a memb] ( ei!r ,h\se1 dur+ 8 cont9uance 9 (fice40 7#a/ art41 #f? section1 #b;d clause47 8,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! /ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$10--8b a tax1 or duty1 may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son10 c4 7#a/ art41 #i? section1 #a/ clause47 8,no p]son hold+ any (fice ( pr(it or tru/10 8%all accept any pres5t10 c4 7#a/ art41 #i? section1 #h? clause47 8,no p]son hold+ an (fice ( tru/ or pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be appo9t$ an elector40 7#b;d art41 #a/ section1 #b;d clause47 8,! electors %all meet 9 _! respective /ates & vote by ballot = two p]sons10 c4 8,! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes %all be ! ,presid5t10 c4 8,if no p]son h a majority10 c4 8,9 e case1 aft] ! *oice ( ! ,presid5t1 ! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes ( ! electors1 %all be ,vice ,presid5t40 7#b;d art41 #a/ section1 #b;d clause4#g7 8,no p]son except a natural born citiz510 c41 8%all be eligible to ! (fice ( ,presid5t2 nei!r %all any p]son be eligible to t (fice1 :o %all n h atta9$ ! age ( ?irty-five ye>s10 c4 8,no p]son %all be convict$ ( treason1 unless on ! te/imony ( two witnesses10 c4 7#c;d art41 #c;d sect41 #c;d clause47 8,a p]son *>g$ 9 any /ate ) treason10 c4 7#d? art41 #b;d section1 #b;d clause47 8,no p]son held to s]vice or labor10 c4 7#d? art41 #b;d section1 #c;d clause47 ,n[1 x w be se5 f all ?is1 t ! ^w 8p]son0 is us$ 9 ! con/itution 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive s5se4 ,x embraces ,indians1 if tax$2 x embraces natives ( ,africa2 x embraces appr5tices & slaves1 or ^? held to s]vice or labor2 & x embraces e citiz51 f ! humble/ to ! highe/1 f ! mo/ true to ! mo/ treasonable4 ,x embraces all1 f ! slave to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& aft] hav+ us$ ! ^w to embrace all ^! classes & descriptions ( m51 x proce$s to say1 9 an am5dm5t1 t 8no ,,p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law40 7,am5dm5t1 ,article #e47 ,! law ( ,m>yl& c$$ ?is ,di/rict to ,congress1 89 full & absolute "r1 z well ( soil z ( p]son1 resid+1 or to reside !re940 ,n[ ,congress1 9 attempt+ to legalize slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 has provid$ 9 t]ms1 by its adoption ( ! ,m>yl& laws1 t "o man may hold ano!r man 9 bondage 9 ?is ,di/rict1 8,,)\t ,,due ,,process ,,( ,,law10 & inde$ )\t any process ( law2 may hold him 9 bondage f 8 bir?2 may beget him1 & /ill hold him & 8 po/]ity 9 bondage4 8,process ( law0 means legal proce$+s & a jury trial4 ,x is a phrase t does n p]ta9 to ! legislature1 b to ! c\rts4 ,x means ! in/itution ( a suit 9 civil matt]s2 ! f9d+ ( an indictm5t1 or an in=mation 9 crim9al ones2 ! issu+ ( subpnas = witnesses1 c41 9 bo?4 7,see ,art4 #f ( ,am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution47 ,n[1 a slave is a p]son depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty & prop]ty1 )\t any process ( law4 ,!re has be5 no 8due0 process ( law to r$uce him to ?is mis]able condition2 !re has be5 no process ( law at all4 ,a slave1 !re=e1 9 ?is ,di/rict1 is depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty & prop]ty1 9 pursuance ( ! laws ( ,congress1 )\t any legal process :atev]1 & !re=e 9 flagrant contradiction ( ! fif? article ( ! ,am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h5ce1 ! act ( ,congress1 purport+ to cont9ue ! ,m>yl& laws respect+ slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 01 & is1 & =ev] mu/ be1 until ! con/itution is alt]$1 null & void4 ,!re is a /rik+ hi/orical fact 9 reg>d to ! phraseology ( ?is fif? article ( am5dm5t4 ,its sub/ance 0 propos$ by sev]al /ates4 ,virg9ia propos$ x 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,no freeman ought to be tak51 imprison$1 or disseiz$ ( 8 freehold lib]ties1 privileges1 or fran*ises1 or outlaw$ or exil$1 or 9 any mann] de/roy$ or depriv$ ( 8 life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 b by ! law ( ! l&40 7,see #c ,elliot's ,debates1 #eic--,proce$+s ( ,june #bg1 #aghh4 ,also1 #d ,elliot's ,debates1 #baf1 = ! same am5dm5t1 z propos$ by ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york47 ,! ,virg9ia am5dm5t us$ ! ^w 8freeman40 ,x propos$ t no 8freeman0 %\ld be depriv$1 c4 ,! ,new ,york am5dm5t us$ ! ^w 8p]son40 ,& ! am5dm5t 0 adopt$ & ratifi$1 almo/ 9 ! words ( ! ,new ,york phraseology4 ,! ^w p]son 0 *os51 & !re=e ,congress has no con/itutional p[] to deprive ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law1 any be+ embrac$ 9 ! def9ition ( t ^w4 ,by its own selection ( words x is deb>r$ n m]ely f depriv+ a 8freeman10 b f depriv+ a 8p]son0 ( ?is "r4 ,:5 ,congress attempt$ to legalize & p]petuate slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 x violat$ ! f\r? article ( ! ,am5dm5ts1 :i* decl>es 8! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons1 h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 aga9/ unreasonable se>*es & seizures40 ,if ,congress _c au?orize domicili>y se>*es & seizures aga9/ a s+le individual1 c x degrade a :ole race ( m5 to ! condition ( slaves1 & !n say t because !y are slaves1 !y %all n be 8secure20 b %all be at ! m]cy ( any alleg$ ma/]1 9 reg>d to _! p]sons1--to be comm&$ & re/ra9$1 to be b\ght & sold8 ,if ,congress _c au?orize se>*es & seizures ( h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 c x get r\nd ! con/itution1 by say+ we w create a class ( p]sons :o %all h no p[] ( own+ any h\ses1 pap]s1 or effects1 to be se>*$ or seiz$8 ,aga92 ,congress %all pass 8no bill ( atta9d]40 ,:at is a bill ( atta9d]8 ,x is a bill t works corruption ( blood4 ,x disfran*ises its object4 ,x takes away f him ! common privileges ( a citiz54 ,x makes a man incapable ( acquir+1 inh]it+1 or transmitt+ prop]ty2 incapable ( hold+ (fice1 or act+ z attorney = o!rs2 & x %uts ! door ( ! c\rts aga9/ him4 ,^! disabl+ consequ5ces may desc5d to a man's *ildr5 aft] him1 ?\gh ?is is n necess>y4 ,n[1 to pass su* a bill is a ?+ :i* ,congress _c d4 ,b :5 ,congress und]took to legalize slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 x und]took to d all ?is1 & worse ?an all ?is4 ,x atta9t$1 n individuals m]ely1 b a :ole race4 ,a slave is an outlaw2 t is1 he _c make a contract2 he _c prosecute & def5d 9 c\rt2 prop]ty _c be acquir$ by him1 or devis$ to him1 or transmitt$ ?r\gh him4 ,a :ite man may give 8 te/imony aga9/ him1 b he _c give 8 te/imony aga9/ a :ite man4 ,he is despoil$ ( 8 lib]am legem1--8 bir?right4 ,he _c own ! food or clo!s he has e>n$4 ,:at is 81 is 8 ma/]'s4 ,& ?is corruption ( blood1 :i* ! law ( slav]y works1 does n /op ) ! fir/1 nor ) ! second g5]ation1--n ) ! t5? nor ! t5 ?\s&?2 b by ! !ory ( ! law1 goes on =ev]4 ,bills ( atta9d]1 dur+ ! hi/ory ( ! wor/ p]iods ( ! _w1 h appli$ to individuals only1 or at mo/ to a family4 ,b "h1 ,congress1 9 defiance ( ! con/itution1 has und]tak5 to e/abli% a degrad$ ca/e 9 society1 & to p]petuate x ?r\gh all g5]ations4 ,n[1 c any reasonable man = a mom5t suppose t ! con/itution meant to deb> ,congress f pass+ acts ( atta9d] aga9/ individuals1 b to p]mit x to pass :olesale1 sweep+ laws1 work+ disfran*isem5t ( an entire race1 & entail+ degradation =ev]8 ,let u look at ano!r g5]al prohibition ( ! con/itution3 8,no title ( nobility %all be grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 7art4 #a1 #i1 clause #h47 8,! di/9ction ( rank & honors10 says ,black/one1 8is necess>y 9 e well-gov]n$ /ate1 9 ord] to rew>d su* z are em95t = _! s]vices to ! public40 ,b ! fram]s ( ! con/itution did n ?9k s2 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n ?9k s2 & !re=e !y incorporat$ a provision into _! organic law t 8no title ( nobility %\ld be grant$40 ,b x matt]s n :e!r ! favor$ individual is call$ 8,m>quess0 or 8,ma/]40 ,if he is inve/$ by ! gov]nm5t ) a monopoly ( rights & privileges1 9 virtue ( 8 title & its legal incid5ts1 )\t any correspond+ civil duties1 he belongs to an ord] ( nobility1--he is a nobleman4 ,mr4 ,mc,duffie def5ds ! in/itution ( slav]y1 on ! gr\nd t x e/abli%es ! highe/ ( all ranks & ! broade/ ( all di/9ctions betwe5 m54 ,he says no nation has yet exi/$ :i* has n 9 "s =m creat$ ! di/9ction ( classes1--su* z patrician & plebeian1 or citiz5 & helot1 or "l & common]1--& t ! in/itution ( slav]y /&s "h in/ead ( ^! ord]s1 & sup]s$es !m all1 by be+ equival5t to !m all4 ,n[1 is x n inconceivable t ! con/itution %\ld int]dict ! be/[m5t ( special favors to di/+ui%$ individuals = m]itori\s s]vices1 & yet %\ld au?orize ,congress to conf] ! highe/ ( all e>?ly pr]ogatives1--! pr]ogative ov] prop]ty1 lib]ty1 & volition itself1 ^u "o class ( m5 ov] ano!r class ( m58 ,yet if ,congress c create or legalize slav]y1 x c e/abli% ! wor/ ord] ( nobility t ev] exi/$4 ,x c give to "o class ( m5 ! p[] to own & to control1 to puni% & to despoil ano!r class2 to sell fa!r1 "m1 wife1 & *ildr51 into bondage4 ,to prohibit ,congress f do+ "o ( ^! ?+s1 & to p]mit x to d ! o!r1 is /ra9+ at a gnat & swall[+ a camel1--a :ole c>avan ( camels6 ,b ! same clause 9 ! con/itution :i* gives ,congress ! p[] ( exclusive legislation ov] ?is ,di/rict1 also emp[]s x 8to ex]cise l au?ority ov] all places pur*as$ by ! cons5t ( ! legislature ( ! /ate1 9 :i* ! same %all be1 = ! erection ( =ts1 magaz9es1 ars5als1 dock-y>ds1 & o!r ne$ful build+s40 ,if1 !n1 ,congress has any con/itutional p[] to legalize slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 x has ! same p[] to legalize x1 7t is1 to create x17 9 all places 9 ! /ate ( ,massa*usetts1 or ,new ,york1 or any o!r1 :]e x may h obta9$ t]ritory f a /ate = a =t1 magaz9e1 ars5al1 dock-y>d1 or o!r ne$ful build+4 ,:]e x has obta9$ l& 9 ! middle ( a city1--,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 or ,*icago1--= a cu/om-h\se1 x may create slav]y !re4 ,! p[] to d ?is is conf]r$ 9 precisely ! same words z ! p[] by :i* x has be5 held t slav]y c be e/abli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,& n[ ,i w occupy ! few m9utes t are left me1 9 consid]+ :at seems to me ! only plausible argum5t t c be urg$ 9 favor ( ! con/itutionality ( slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,x may be said1 t :5 a t]ritory is obta9$ by "o nation f ano!r1 :e!r by conque/ or by treaty1 ! laws :i* gov]n$ ! inhabitants at ! "t ( ! conque/ or cession1 rema9 9 =ce until !y are abrogat$ by ! laws ( ! conqu]+ or pur*as+ p[]4 ,= ?is pr9ciple1 ! au?ority ( ,"l ,mansfield1 9 ! case ( ,campbell v4 ,hall1 #a ,c[p]1 #bjh1 may be cit$4 ,! decision ( our own c\rts are to ! same effect4 7,see ,unit$ ,/ates1 appellant1 vs4 ,juan ,p]*eman1 #b ,gallison's ,reports1 #eja2 ,johnson vs4 ,mc,intosh1 #g ,pet]s1 #ea2 #h ,:eat4 #edc47 ,i d n dispute ! au?ority ( ?is case4 ,b x does n t\* ! "q ,i am argu+2 or1 s f> z x be>s ^u x at all1 x confirms ! views ,i w\ld en=ce4 ,! pr9ciple is1 t ! exi/+ laws rema9 9 =ce until !y are abrogat$4 ,i agree to ?is4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 !re 0 a special agreem5t betwe5 ,m>yl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t z soon z ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld legislate = ! ,di/rict1 ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 z su*1 %\ld cease to be op]ative "h4 ,on ! #bg? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahja1 !re=e1 all ! rights :i* ! citiz5s ( ?is ,di/rict possess$1 !y possess$ "u ! law ( ,congress1 & n "u ! law ( ,m>yl&4 ,on ! day prec$+1 a citiz5 c\ld h vot$ = gov]nor or o!r /ate (fic]s ( ,m>yl&2 b on ! day foll[+1 he c\ld no long] vote = any su* (fic]4 ,on ! day prec$+1 he c\ld h vot$ = electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b on ! day foll[+1 he 0 b]eft ( all su* "r ( ! elective fran*ise1 & mu/ accept su* (fic]s & legislators z ! re/ ( ! c\ntry might *oose to elect = him4 ,on ! day prec$+1 he might1 9 ! "* ( an insolv5t debtor1 h be5 dis*>g$ "u ! insolv5t laws ( ,m>yl&2 b on ! day foll[+1 he c\ld no long] be s dis*>g$4 ,on ! day prec$+1 he might h be5 requir$1 ?\gh a ju/ice ( ! peace ( ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl&1 to p]=m militia duty2 b on ! day foll[+1 if commission$ z a ju/ice ( ! peace ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 he c\ld n be compell$ to p]=m militia duty1 because he w\ld1 9 su* case1 be an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! day prec$+1 he might h su$ 9 ! circuit c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z be+ a citiz5 ( ,m>yl&2 b1 on ! day foll[+1 he c\ld n s sue1 because he _h ceas$ to be a citiz5 ( a /ate4 ,?us ! *ange ( jurisdiction ov] him depriv$ him ( "s privileges1 & reliev$ him f "s burd5s4 ,x depriv$ him ( ^! privileges1 & reliev$ him f ^! burd5s1 not)/&+ ! act ( ,congress _h said1 9 unambigu\s words1 8! laws ( ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl&1 ,,z ,,!y ,,n[ ,,exi/1 %all be & cont9ue 9 =ce 9 t "p ( ! said ,di/rict :i* 0 c$$ by t /ate to ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,b ! mo/ mom5t\s *ange :i* 0 wr\ght by ! transf] ( ! citiz5 f ! jurisdiction ( ,m>yl& to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 t :i* made x impossible = him any long] to hold a slave4 ,"u ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 he might h held 8 slave1 = h] /atutes _h legaliz$ slav]y2 b "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 he c\ld n hold a slave2 = t con/itution _h giv5 ,congress no p[] to legalize slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 & _h gone s f> z to make prohibitions aga9/ x4 ,8 "r to hold slaves !n expir$1 or fell1 l 8 "r to vote = ,unit$ ,/ates' (fic]s1 or = /ate (fic]s1 or 8 "r to be dis*>g$ "u ! ,m>yl& insolv5t law1 or 8 "r to sue 9 c]ta9 c\rts1 c41 c4 ,"o po9t m1 sir1 & ,i h done4 ,:y1 says my oppon5t1 did n ! "r to hold slaves cont9ue aft] ! *ange ( jurisdiction1 z well z ! "r to hold horses8 ,= ! pla9e/ ( all reasons1 ,i answ]3 = ! reason t a horse is prop]ty by ! univ]sal cons5t ( mank9d1 by ! recognition ( e civiliz$ c\rt 9 ,*ri/5dom1 )\t any positive law decl>+ x to be ! subject ( own]%ip4 ,b a man is n prop]ty1 )\t positive law2 )\t a law decl>+ him to be ! subject ( own]%ip4 ,!re 0 su* a positive law 9 ,m>yl&2 b ,congress1 = want ( con/itutional au?ority1 c\ld n enact1 revive1 or cont9ue x4 ,& su* ,i v]ily believe w\ld h be5 ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _h ! "q be5 c>ri$ be=e !m imm$iately subsequ5t to ! act ( #ahja4 ,b n[1 z slav]y has exi/$ practically 9 ?is ,di/rict = half a c5tury1 x is prop] to pass a law aboli%+ x4 ,x is bett]1 "u ! pres5t circum/ances1 t slav]y %\ld be aboli%$ "h by a law ( ,congress1 ?an by ! decision ( a c\rt2 because ,congress c provide an indemnity = ! own]s1 & let ! slaves g free4 ,b %\ld x be aboli%$ by a legal adjudication1 e slave w\ld be hurri$ away to ! s\?1 & sold1 he & 8 desc5dants1 into p]petual bondage4 ,9 ju/ice1 !n1 to ! nor?1 :i* ought n to be> ! opprobrium ( slav]y 9 ?is capital ( ! nation2 9 ju/ice to ! slaves :o are "h held 9 bondage aga9/ legal1 z well z natural "r2 &1 9 m ?an ju/ice to ! ma/]s1 ^: alleg$ claims ,i am will+1 "u all ! circum/ances1 to satisfy1 let a law be =?) pass$ = asc]ta9+ & pay+ ! m>ket value ( ! slaves1 & = repeal+ all laws :i* uphold slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,lecture on ! ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,deliv]$ 9 ,college ,hall1 ,janu>y #af1 #ahdi1 be=e ! ,"y ,m5's ,m]cantile ,libr>y ,association ( ,c9c9nati4 ,by ,ellwood ,fi%]4 #f ,an anecdote1 :i* ,i h on ! be/ au?ority1 is n inappropriate4 ,a few ye>s ago1 a citiz5 ( ! ,/ate ( ,connecticut abscond$1 leav+ a wife beh9d him4 ,he w5t to ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 :]e he took a color$ woman z 8 concub9e1 _h *ildr5 by h]1 acquir$ prop]ty1 & di$4 ,! wife & heirs 9 ,connecticut claim$ ! prop]ty acquir$ 9 ,mississippi4 ,! claim 0 conte/$4 ,! honorable ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,foote1 n[ a s5ator f t /ate1 conduct$ ! def5ce4 ,he d5i$ ! title ( ! wife 9 ,connecticut1 affirm$ t ( ! concub9e & h] *ildr5 9 ,mississippi1 & cit$ ! case ( ,abraham & ,s>ah & ,hag>1 to prove ! legality & ! propriety ( ! concub9age1 & ! div9e au?ority = x4 ,& surely1 if ! ,bible argum5t 9 favor ( slav]y is s\nd1 ,mr4 ,,foote',s argum5t 9 favor ( concub9age is equally s4 #g ,?is clause 9 ! con/itution is annull$2 b = all purposes ( det]m9+ ! true int]pretation ( words1 x is z good z ev]4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives4 ,,febru>y #ae1 #ahej1 ,,on ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,t]ritories1 ,,& ,,! ,,consequ5ces ,,( ,a ,,dissolution ,,( ,,! ,,union4 ,,mr4 ,,*airman2 ,ev] s9ce ! organization ( ?is ,h\se1--be=e its organization1 & ev5 9 a prelim9>y caucus t prec$$ ! comm5cem5t ( ! session1 s\!rn g5tlem5 h press$ ! cause1 n only ( human slav]y1 b ( slav]y ext5sion1 ^u u4 ,f motives ( =be>ance1 & n f any "q z to our rights1 we ( ! nor? h ma9ta9$ an unbrok5 sil5ce4 ,! "t has surely come :5 ! voice ( fre$om %\ld f9d an utt]ance4 ,w\ld to ,god t on ! pres5t occasion x might f9d an abl] def5d] ?an myself1 al?\gh if my ability to def5d x 7 equal to ! love ,i be> x1 x c\ld ask no /rong] *ampion4 ,i wi% to premise a few words respect+ ! propriety & true significance ( "s ( ! epi!ts by :i* ! p>ties to ?is discussion are *>act]iz$4 ,! t]m 8,free ,soil]0 is p]petually us$ ^u ?is floor z a t]m ( ignom9y & reproa*2 yet ,i ma9ta9 t 9 its orig9al & legitimate s5se1 z d5ot+ an advocate ( ! doctr9e t all our t]ritorial possessions %\ld be consecrat$ to fre$om1 !re is no language t c supply a m honorable appellation4 ,x expresses a det]m9ation on ! "p ( its disciples to keep free ! t]ritory t is n[ free2 to /& ^u its fronti]s z ! *]ubim /ood at ! gates ( ,p>adise1 ) a flam+ sword to turn e way1 to keep ! s9 ( slav]y f cross+ its bord]s4 ,if1 9 any in/ance1 ! orig9al advocates ( ,free ,soil h ab&on$ _! integrity1 & h c\rt$ allies :o _h no sympa?y ) _! pr9ciples1 b 7 only eag] to jo9 !m 9 a /ruggle = m]e political asc5d5cy1 !n1 9 my judgm5t1 !y h lo/ inf9itely m 9 moral p[] ?an !y h ga9$ 9 numb]s4 ,!y h ceas$ to be g5u9e & s+le-he>t$ ,free ,soil]s1 :om ,i love1 & h become p>tisans1 :om ,i condemn4 ,= myself1 ,i w engage 9 any honorable measure mo/ likely to secure fre$om to ! new t]ritories4 ,i w resi/ any & e measure t proposes to ab&on !m to slav]y4 ,! epi!t 8,free ,soil]10 !re=e1 :5 rightly und]/ood & correctly appli$1 implies bo? political & moral wor?2 & ,i covet ! honor ( its application to myself4 ,b :at does its opposite mean8 ,:at does ! t]m 8,slave ,soil]0 signify8 ,x signifies "o :o desires & designs t all soil %\ld be made to be> slaves4 ,its dreadful significancy is1 t1 aft] ,magna ,*>ta & ! ,petition ( ,"r1 9 ,great ,brita91 & aft] ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 9 ?is c\ntry1 we %\ld ca/ aside ) scorn1 n only ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ! cle>e/ pr9ciples ( natural religion & ( natural law1 & %\ld retrograde f our boa/$ civilization1 into ! ,d>k ,ages1--ay1 into p]iods t ! d>k ages might h call$ d>k4 ,x means t ?is ,republic1 z we call x1 =m$ to e/abli% fre$om1 %\ld enli/ 9 a crusade aga9/ fre$om4 ,& aga92 ^? ( u at ! nor? :o resi/ slav]y ext5sion1 :o mean to )/& its spread beyond ! limits :]e x n[ exi/s1 are d5\nc$ z ,abolitioni/s4 ,?is epi!t is appli$ to u z a t]m ( reproa* & obloquy2 z a br& & /igma ^u our *>act]s & pr9ciples4 ,no di/9ction is made betwe5 ^? few individuals among u :o desire to aboli% ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t great body ( ! p1 :o1 :ile _! allegiance to ?is con/itution is un%ak51 mean also to ma9ta9 _! allegiance to tru? & to duty1 9 )/&+ ! hi!rto onw>d m>* ( slav]y4 ,among ! latt] class1 ,mr4 ,collam]1 ! po/ma/]-g5]al1 is call$ an ,abolitioni/4 ,mr4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 0 d5\nc$ z an ar*-,abolitioni/4 ,e man :o advocates ! ,jeff]son proviso1 aga9/ ! spread ( slav]y1 is s call$2 & if an unspeakable abhorr5ce ( ?is in/itution1 & ! belief t x is ! second greate/ enormity :i* ! oppressor1 9 8 p[]1 ev] committ$ aga9/ ! oppress$1 9 8 weakness1--be+ inf]ior only to t ecclesia/ical dom9ation :i* has trampl$ ^u ! religi\s fre$om ( man1--,i say1 if ?is abhorr5ce ( slav]y1 & ?is belief 9 its crim9ality1 entitle a man to be d5om9at$ an ,abolitioni/1 !n ,i rejoice 9 my unque/ionable "r to ! "n4 ,9 my appreh5sion1 sir1 be=e we c decide ^u ! honor or ! infamy ( ! t]m 8,abolitioni/10 we mu/ "k :at ?+s !y are :i* he proposes to aboli%4 ,we ( ! nor?1 y say1 are ,abolitioni/s2 b abolitioni/s ( :at8 ,are we abolitioni/s ( ! inali5able1 indefeasible1 inde/ructible rights ( man8 ,are we abolitioni/s ( k1 abolitioni/s ( virtue1 ( education1 & ( human culture8 ,d we seek to aboli% ! glori\s moral & intellectual attributes :i* ,god has giv5 to 8 *ildr51 & ?us1 z f> z x lies 9 our p[]1 make ! facts ( slav]y con=m to ! law ( slav]y1 by oblit]at+ ! di/9ction betwe5 a man & a bea/8 ,d our laws & our in/itutions seek to blot out & aboli% ! image ( ,god 9 ! human s\l8 ,d we aboli% ! m>riage cov5ant2 & in/ead ( say+1 ) ! apo/le1 t wives %all submit !mselves to _! husb&s1 comm& !m to submit !mselves to any body1 & to _! ma/] z husb& ov] all8 ,d we ru?lessly te> asund] ! sacr$ ties ( affection by :i* ,god has b\nd ! p>5t to ! *ild & ! *ild to ! p>5t8 ,d we seek to aboli% all ^? noble in/9cts ( ! human s\l1 by :i* x ye>ns = improvem5t & progress2 & d we qu5* its sublime aspirations aft] k & virtue8 ,a /rang] w\ld suppose1 f he>+ ! epi!ts ( contumely t are heap$ ^u u1 t we 7 abolitioni/s ( all tru?1 purity1 k1 improvem5t1 civilization1 happ9ess1 & hol9ess4 ,on ?is subject1 p]v]sion ( language & ( idea has be5 r$uc$ to a sy/em1 & ! falsehoods ( our calumniators exclude tru? ) ! exactness ( a sci5ce4 ,b if ! ^w 8,abolitioni/0 is to be us$ 9 a reproa*ful & contumeli\s s5se1 does x n m prop]ly belong to ^? :o w\ld ext5d a sy/em :i* 9 its v nature aboli%es fre$om1 ju/ice1 equity1 & a s5se ( human bro!rhood8 ,does x n belong to ^? :o w\ld aboli% n only all social & political1 b all natural rights2 :o w\ld aboli% 8lib]ty & ! pursuit ( happ9ess20 :o w\ld close up all ! av5ues to k2 :o w\ld r5d] fre$om ( ?\ght & lib]ty ( consci5ce impossible1 by cru%+ out ! faculties by :i* alone we c ?9k & decide2 :o w\ld rob a fell[-man ( 8 p>5tal rights1 & innoc5t *ildr5 ( ! t5d]ness & joys ( a filial love2 :o w\ld introduce a f\l concub9age 9 place ( ! in/itution ( m>riage1 & :o w\ld remorselessly trample ^u all ! t5d]e/ & holie/ affections :i* ! human s\l is capable ( feel+8 ,aft] ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 _h enum]at$ a few oppressive de$s ( ! ,briti% k+ t[>ds 8 ,am]ican coloni/s1 he d5om9at$ him 8a pr9ce ^: "* 0 m>k$ by e act t c\ld def9e a tyrant40 ,!re are n[ z _m slaves 9 ?is c\ntry z !re 7 coloni/s 9 #aggf4 ,comp>e ! condition ( ^! ?ree million slaves ) ! condition ( ! ?ree million coloni/s4 ,! conduct ( t sov]eign :o 0 d5\nc$ be=e e>? & heav5 z hav+ committ$ all ! atrocities t c\ld 8def9e a tyrant10 0 m]cy & lov+-k9dness comp>$ ) ! wrongs & privations ( ?ree millions ( our fell[-be+s1 n[ exi/+ among u4 ,if ! ^w 8,abolitioni/10 !n1 is to be us$ 9 a reproa*ful s5se1 let x be appli$ to ^? :o1 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & 9 defiance ( all ! lights ( ! age1 w\ld ext5d ! horrors ( an in/itution :i*1 by "o all-compreh5d+ crime t[>ds a helpless race1 makes x impossible to commit any new crime aga9/ !m1--unless x be to enl>ge ! area ( _! bondage1 & to multiply ! numb] ( _! victims4 ,if we are abolitioni/s1 !n1 we are abolitioni/s ( human bondage2 :ile ^? :o oppose u are abolitioni/s ( human lib]ty4 ,we w\ld prev5t ! ext5sion ( "o ( ! greate/ wrongs t man ev] suff]$ ^u e>?2 !y w\ld c>ry bodily *a9s & m5tal *a9s1--*a9s 9 a lit]al & *a9s 9 a figurative s5se1--into realms :]e ev5 ! half-civiliz$ desc5dants ( ! ,spani>d & ! ,indian h sil5c$ _! clank+4 ,we w\ld av]t ! imp5d+ night ( ignorance & sup]/ition2 !y w\ld aboli% ! glori\s lib]ty :]e) ,god make? 8 *ildr5 free4 ,9 us+ ?is ^w1 !re=e1 to calumniate u1 !y put d>kness = light1 & light = d>kness2 good = evil1 & evil = good4 ,! con/itutional "r ( ,congress to legislate = ! t]ritories is /ill debat$4 ,hav+ pres5t$ my views on ?is subject be=e1 ,i %all n[ treat x ) brevity4 ,9 a spee*1 by ,g5]al ,cass1 :i* has lately be5 publi%$1 t di/+ui%$ s5ator1 9 ord] to prove t ,congress has no p[] to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories1 has attempt$ to prove t x has no "r to legislate = ! t]ritories at all4 ,i ref] to ! s5ator f ,mi*igan1 because he n[ /&s be=e ! c\ntry 9 ! tw(old "* ( be+ ! head ( ! ,democratic p>ty1 :i* goes = ! 8l>ge/ lib]ty10 & also ( ! extreme pro-slav]y p>ty1 :i* goes = ! l>ge/ bondage4 ,he w\ld sev] all diplomatic relations betwe5 ?is c\ntry & ,au/ria1 because %e has robb$ ! ,hung>ians ( a "p ( _! lib]ties1 :ile he is draw+ clos] ! political ties :i* b9d him to ! s\?1 :i* has despoil$ ?ree millions ( ! ,african race ( all _! lib]ties1 & is n[ int5t on propagat+ o!r millions = new despoliations4 ,he claims1 z ! great beque/ ( ! b>ons ( ,runnym$e1 t ! inhabitants ( ! t]ritories1 "u all circum/ances ( infancy1 or pov]ty1 or weakness1 %all h ! sole & exclusive "r ( gov]n+ !mselves1 :5 ! practical result ( ?is doctr9e1 s nicely tim$1 w\ld be1 t "o "p ( ^? inhabitants w\ld be cr[n$ ) p[] l s _m ,k+ ,johns1 to "l x ov] _! vassals4 ,"u ! "n ( lib]ty1 he ent]s a pa? t t]m9ates 9 bondage4 ,s\!rn g5tlem5 _h all admitt$ ! p[] ( ,congress to legislate = ! t]ritories1 ?\gh !y d5i$ ! special inf]5ce1 d$ucible f ! g5]al p[]1 t !y c\ld legislate to prohibit slav]y 9 !m4 ,b1 see+ t ! "r to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y fl[s irresi/ibly f ! "r to legislate on all o!r subjects1 because no rule ( int]pretation1 :i* conc$es ! p[] to make laws respect+ political fran*ises1 c\rts1 crimes1 (fic]s1 & ! militia1 c /op %ort at ! subject ( slav]y2--see+ all ?is1 ,g5]al ,cass d5ies bo? inf]5ce & premises1 & places ! g5]al gov]nm5t 9 ! relation ( a =eign p[] to ! t]ritories :i* x owns1 & ( :i* x possesses ! ackn[l$g$ sov]eignty4 ,he rem9ds "o ( ! man :o d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( future puni%m5t1 &1 :5 press$ ) argum5ts drawn f ! des]ts ( m51 & f ! ju/ice ( ,god1 he sudd5ly arre/$ 8 antagoni/ by d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,god6 ,:5 "s imm5sely long spee* made 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons1 0 spok5 ( be=e ,%]idan z be+ lum9\s1 he express$ bo? a negative & an affirmative op9ion respect+ x1 9 a s+le ^w1 by reply+ t x 0 vo-lum9\s4 ,g5]al ,cass1 9 a spee* t fills m ?an n9ete5 columns 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,union1 has review$ ! decisions ( all ! judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt :o h ev] express$ any op9ion on ! subject ( congressional p[] ov] t]ritorial legislation2 he has comm5t$ ^u ! views ( all ! juri/s :o h writt5 ^u x1 & ( mo/ ( ! speak]s 9 bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress :o h discuss$ x2 he has survey$ ! c\rse ( adm9i/ration ( all ! ,presid5ts we h ev] _h2 & has come to ! cle> conclusion t all ( !m1--judges1 juri/s1 legislators1 & presid5ts1--h sy/ematically violat$ ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or comm5d$ its violation1 on e practicable occasion = ! la/ sixty ye>s4 ,omitt+ ! hundr$ ways 9 :i* ! absurdity ( ?is conclusion c be expos$1 let me subject x to "o practical te/4 ,we h acquir$ t]ritory f ,mexico4 ,g5]al ,cass vot$ to ratify ! treaty ( cession4 ,measures h be5 in/itut$ = ! =mation ( ?ree sep>ate gov]nm5ts 9 ?is ,t]ritory1--^? ( ,cali=nia1 ,des]et1 ,utah1 & ,new ,mexico4 ,! b\nd>ies m>k$ out by ,cali=nia & ,des]et ov]lay ea* o!r to ! am\nt ( ?\s&s ( squ>e miles4 ,if !y h ! exclusive "r ( self-gov]nm5t1 z ,g5]al ,cass decl>es1 & ,congress none1 !n !y mu/ settle ?is "q ( b\nd>y !mselves4 ,!y may decl>e w> aga9/ ea* o!r1 make alliances ) =eign p[]s1 equip armies1 build fleets2 :ile ,congress c d no?+ )9 _! limits b--sell l&4 ,b :at r5d]s ! argum5t ( ,g5]al ,cass /ill m extraord9>y is ! fact1 t1 accord+ to 8 own doctr9e1 he has sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 political life 9 violat+ ! con/itution1 :ile con/antly repeat+ 8 oa? to support x4 ,z m>%al ( ,ohio1 z gov]nor ( ,mi*igan1 z ,indian ag5t1 he has appo9t$ (fic]s & magi/rates1 & execut$ laws1 :51 accord+ to 8 own %[+1 he 0 a m]e int]lop] & usurp]2 he has met t]ritorial legislatures1 :i* _h no m "r to assemble ?an a mob2 he has d\btless imprison$1 if n execut$ _m alleg$ (f5d]s1 :o _h z good a legal "r to execute or to imprison him2 & he has receiv$ sal>ies = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 to :i* ! khan ( ,t>t>y 0 z mu* entitl$ z he4 ,n[1 if he w refund ! sal>ies he has uncon/itutionally receiv$2 make rep>ation = ! p5alties or =feitures he has wrongfully extort$2 %[ "s signs ( contrition = ! m5 :om he has unlawfully imprison$ or hung1 x w remove ! suspicions ( _m m9ds1 9 reg>d to ! s9c]ity1 if n ! s\ndness1 ( 8 argum5t4 ,i m5tion ^! facts f no p]sonal feel+s 9 reg>d to ! s5ator f ,mi*igan2 b only to %[ to :at desp]ate extremities m5 are driv5 9 ord] to def5d ! "r ( spread+ slav]y f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ocean2 & because ?is is ! la/ read+ ( ! con/itution :i* has be5 inv5t$ = ! purpose4 ,s9ce ! la/ session ( ,congress1 ! condition ( a "p ( ?is t]ritory has greatly *ang$4 ,! unexampl$ velocity ) :i* a liv+ /ream ( m5 has p\r$ into x )9 ! la/ twelve mon?s1 has rev]s$ its condition & decid$ its de/9y4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 individuals seek _! =tunes by *ang+ _! resid5ce4 ,"u ! vehem5t action ( our ent]prise1 cities migrate4 ,! new resid5ts ( ,cali=nia h fram$ a con/itution1 h appli$ = admission into ?is ,union1 & _! application is n[ p5d+ be=e u4 ,( _! own accord1 !y h exclud$ slav]y f _! bord]s by _! fundam5tal law4 ,until ! discov]y ( gold 9 t c\ntry1 & until all incr$ulity 9 reg>d to t rem>kable fact _h be5 ov]come1 x 0 confid5tly anticipat$ at ! s\?1 & int5sely fe>$ at ! nor?1 t ! :ole region w\ld be ov]run ) slavehold]s & ) slaves4 ,z f> back z #ahdb1 ,mr4 ,wise1 ( ,virg9ia1 ! adm9i/ration lead] 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 boldly decl>$ t 8slav]y %\ld p\r itself abroad )\t re/ra9t1 & f9d no limit b ! ,s\!rn ,ocean40 ,! w> ) ,mexico 0 wag$ = ! tw(old purpose ( robb+ t republic ( its t]ritory1 & !n robb+ t t]ritory ( its fre$om4 ,congressional orators & ! s\!rn press av[$ t ! object ( acquir+ t]ritory 0 to ext5d ! 8div9e in/itution40 ,i c\ld quote pages 9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion4 ,! nor? _h no hope1 ! s\? _h no fe>1 if ! t]ritories 7 left )\t control1 b t !y w\ld fir/ be fill$ ) slavehold]s1 & w\ld !n incorporate slav]y into _! organic law4 ,:ile ^! prospects cont9u$1 ! s\? insi/$ t ! t]ritories %\ld be left untrammell$4 ,di/+ui%$ m5 9 ?is ,h\se1 ,mr4 ,calh\n & o!r s5ators1 ! gov]nm5t organ1 :i* 0 suppos$ to express ! views ( ,presid5t ,polk & 8 cab9et1 all proclaim$ t ! t]ritories %\ld be left free to in/itute su* gov]nm5t z !y might *oose4#h ,b s9ce ,cali=nia has =m$ a free con/itution1 :at a sudd5 *ange has tak5 place 9 ! convictions ( m56 ,)9 ! pres5t week we h _h ?ree mo/ elaborate spee*es 9 ?is ,h\se1 9 :i* ! admission ( ,cali=nia1 ) h] free con/itution1 is vehem5tly oppos$ on con/itutional gr\nds4 ,yes1 sir1 did y "k x8 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has j be5 alt]$2 or1 :at is int5d$ to produce ! same effect1 )\t ! tr\ble ( an alt]ation 9 ! mann] prescrib$ by itself1 its int]pretation has be5 alt]$4 ,:ile ,cali=nia promis$ to be a slave /ate1 all int]f]5ce 0 uncon/itutional4 ,n[1 z %e desires to be a free /ate1 x has become con/itutional to int]f]e & repel h]4 ,n only s1 b1 accord+ to ! g5tleman f ,alabama1 7,mr4 ,,+e17 9 swe>+ to support ! con/itution we h sworn to p]petuate1 & n only to p]petuate1 b to ext5d slav]y4 8,to ^?10 he says1 8:o are dispos$ to resi/ my views1 ,i comm5d a m att5tive read+ ( t in/rum5t4 ,!y w f9d t x n only gu>antees slav]y1 b provides = its ext5sion40 ,or1 z he says 9 ano!r place1 x makes provision 8to ext5d ! in/itution indef9itely40 ,&1 !re=e1 :5 a t]ritory asks to be admitt$ z a free /ate1 x is to be repuls$1 & virtually told1 8,if y w incorporate slav]y into y\r con/itution1 y %all be admitt$2 if n1 n40 ,_h ! man :o fir/ utt]$ ! adage t 8circum/ances alt] cases10 =ese5 our times1 he w\ld h said1 8circum/ances alt] pr9ciples40 ,! same g5tleman def5ds slav]y by an appeal to ! ,bible4 ,b if ! ,bible be au?ority = ! pr9cipal1 is x n au?ority = ! incid5ts also8 ,if an au?ority = ! cruelties ( bondage1 is x n an equal au?ority = its mitigations8 ,is n ! comm& to 8hall[ ! fiftie? ye>10 z a ye> ( jubilee1 & to 8proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto all ! inhabitants !re(10 conta9$ 9 ! same code1 & 9 ! same *apt] ( ! same code1 ) t (t-cit$ au?ority to buy bondm5 & bondmaids ( ! hea!n8 ,if ! ,bible is y\r commission1 :y d y n foll[ ! t]ms ( ! commission1 obs]v+ its limitations z well z its p[]s8 ,?is is ! fiftie? ye> ( ! c5tury1--! v ye> ( jubilee itself2 & yet1 in/ead ( 8return+ e man unto 8 possession1 & e man unto 8 family10 ?is is ! *os5 ye> = subjugat+ new realms to bondage4 ,x is n to be 8hall[$10 z a ye> ( jubilee1 b to be pr(an$ z a ye> ( captivity & m\rn+4 ,sir1 ,i mu/ express ! mo/ en]getic diss5t f ^? :o w\ld ju/ify mod]n slav]y f ! ,levitical law4 ,my reason & consci5ce revolt f ^? int]pretations :i* 8,torture ! hall[$ pages ( ! ,bible1 ,to sanction crime1 & robb]y1 & blood1 ,&1 9 oppression's hateful s]vice1 libel ,bo? man & ,god40 ,prie/s appeal$ to ! ,bible 9 ,galileo's "t1 to refute ! tru?s ( a/ronomy4 ,= m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 ! same class ( m5 appeal$ to ! same au?ority to disprove ! sci5ce ( geology4 ,& n[1 ?is au?ority is cit$1 n to disprove a law ( physical nature m]ely1 b to d5y a great law ( ! human s\l1--a law ( human consci\sness1--a law ( ,god1 writt5 ^u ! tablet ( e man's he>t1 au!nticat+ & atte/+ 8 title to fre$om4 ,sir1 let ^? :o rev]5ce ! ,bible bew>e h[ !y suborn x to commit ?is treason & p]jury aga9/ ! sacr$ rights ( man & ! holy law ( ,god4 ,:atev] !y ga9 = ! support ( _! doctr9e1 w be s mu* subtract$ f ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures4 ,if ! ,bible has cross$ ! ,atlantic to spread slav]y ov] a cont95t :]e x 0 unkn[n be=e1 !n ! ,bible is a book ( dea?1 & n a book ( life4 ,x is fur!r object$ to ! admission ( ,cali=nia1 t its dim5sions are too l>ge = a s+le /ate4 ,! =ce ( ?is objection is some:at abat$ :5 we reflect t x comes f m5 :o 7 mo/ /r5u\s = ! admission ( ,texas4 ,h[ev]1 ,i %all n object v e>ne/ly to ! r$uction ( its limits4 ,i w say1 9 frankness1 t ! s\!rn portion ( ,cali=nia is und]/ood to be ev5 m atta*$ to fre$om ?an ! nor!rn4 ,! result may1 !re=e1 be1 if ?is objection is p]si/$ 9 & a division made1 t we %all soon h two free /ates in/ead ( "o4 ,x 0 said by ! la/ adm9i/ration1 t ,mexico 0 to be dismemb]$1 9 ord] 8to ext5d ! area ( fre$om40 ,! mo/ j retribution = t diabolical irony is1 to c>ry out ! decl>ation lit]ally4 ,b ,i n[ come to a m sub/antial "p ( ?is great "q4 ,! s\? re/s its claims to ! new t]ritory ^u ! great doctr9e ( equality4 ,!re are fifte5 slave /ates2 !re are only fifte5 free /ates4 ,! s\? contribut$ m5 & money = ! conque/1 n less ?an ! nor?2 h5ce1 equal own]%ip & equal rights ( enjoym5t4 ,?is is ! argum5t4 ,9 a long & mo/ elaborate spee*1 deliv]$ 9 ! ,s5ate ?is week by "o ( ! mo/ em95t juri/s 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 7,judge ,,b]ri517 he f\nds ! :ole claim ( ! s\? on ?is doctr9e ( equality4 ,n[1 ,i admit ?is pr9ciple 9 its fulle/ ext5t1 & )\t hesitation4 ,t c\ntry is equally free to all ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! gov]nm5t c sell ! l&s n already cov]$ by valid titles2 & any citiz5 :o w comply ) its t]ms c buy !m4 ,! p ( ea* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c g !re & e/abli% _! domicile4 ,! laws ( ,congress make no discrim9ation betwe5 !m4 ,! con/itution makes no su* discrim9ation4 ,! law ( nature & ( nations makes none4 ,! nor? has no privilege ov] ! s\?1 & ! s\? has none ov] ! nor?4 ,if ! nor? has any great] "r !re ?an ! s\?1 ! equality is de/roy$4 ,if ! s\? has any great] "r !re ?an ! nor?1 ! equality is equally de/roy$4 ,& n[1 practically1 :at "r has ! nor?1 or :at "r is claim$ by ! nor?1 :i* ! s\? has n to an equal ext5t8 ,:at article ( prop]ty c a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts c>ry !re :i* a citiz5 ( ,georgia c n c>ry !re8 ,c we c>ry any ( our local laws !re2 ev5 ?\gh all ! inhabitants ( ! /ate %\ld remove ?i!r 9 a body8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,:5 we leave our /ate1 we leave our local laws beh9d u4 ,a citiz5 ( ,bo/on has a "r to educate 8 *ildr5 at s*ool1 at ! public exp5se4 ,9 ! ,bo/on public s*ools1 he c prep>e 8 son to ent] any college 9 ?is c\ntry1 ev5 ?\gh he is too poor to pay a c5t = taxes1 & nev] has paid a c5t = taxes4 ,has he any su* "r on arriv+ at ,san ,francisco8 ,if ! city ( ,bo/on deb>s him ( ?is "r ( educat+ 8 son at ! public *>ge1 he c in/itute a suit aga9/ x & recov] full damages4 ,c he d ! same ?+ at ,san ,francisco or ,san ,jose8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,he has left ! laws & in/itutions ( ,massa*usetts beh9d him4 ,b1 x is said1 we c c>ry our prop]ty !re1 & y _c c>ry y\r prop]ty !re4 ,i ?9k ^? :o use ?is argum5t1 l ! old ,roman augurs1 mu/ smile at ea* o!r askance1 = ! cr$ulity or simplicity ( ^? !y beguile by x4 ,w n e man1 ev5 ( ! feeble/ disc]nm5t1 see ! fallacy :i* is "h cov]$ up "u ! ^w 8prop]ty80 ,:at is meant by ?is deceptive t]m 8prop]ty80 ,if y mean silv]1 or gold1 or se$s1 or gra9s1 or %eep1 or horses1 _c y c>ry ^! !re z freely z we c8 ,b y h special laws2 local & peculi> laws1--laws contr>y to ! great pr9ciples ( ! common law1 by :i* y call m5 & wom5 prop]ty4 ,& !n1 =soo?1 because we c c>ry prop]ty !re1 :5 prop]ty means gra9 & cattle1 y c c>ry prop]ty !re :5 x means human be+s1--p]haps y\r own bro!rs1 or si/]s1 or *ildr54 ,because we c c>ry our prop]ty !re1 :5 prop]ty means inanimate sub/ances1 y h only to call a human be+ prop]ty2--y h only to call a creature1 =m$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 prop]ty1 & !n he c be smuggl$ 9 "u ! new "n4 ,:y1 sir1 !re is n a respectable village 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e1 if a juggl] or m\ntebank 7 to attempt to palm (f ^u 8 audi5ce s flimsy a trick z ?is1 he w\ld n be hiss$ f ! /age4 ,!re are c]ta9 k9ds ( prop]ty & rights :i* we c c>ry ) u to ! t]ritories1 & o!r k9ds :i* we _c4 ,we c c>ry movable prop]ty1 b n immovable1--a diamond or a libr>y1 b n a cotton factory nor a cotton field4 ,by ! pap]s ( ?is city1 z ,i op5 !m e morn+1 ,i see t lott]ies are au?oriz$ by m or less ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,_! 8s*emes0 are regul>ly adv]tis$4 ,i rememb]1 :5 /opp+ = a day 9 "o ( ! s\!rn cities1 t "s half-(ficial look+ p]sonages came into ! hotel1 cle>$ a l>ge space 9 ! public hall1 set d[n a rot>y ma*9e1 & proce$$ to draw a lott]y4 ,n[1 9 ,massa*usetts1 & 9 _m ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 lott]ies are prohibit$1 "u sev]e p5alties4 ,) u1 x is highly p5al to adv]tise a lott]y 9 any =m1 to plac>d "o at ! corn]s ( ! /reets1 or to exhibit any plan or emblem ( "o at a %op w9d[4 ,we act ^u ! well-kn[n tru?1 t !re is a mu* less numb] ( p]sons :o draw any consid]able prize 9 a lott]y1 ?an !re are :o are kill$ by lightn+2 & !re=e1 :atev] *ance a ticket-hold] has ( draw+ any consid]able prize1 we "k t he has a mu* great] *ance ( be+ kill$ by lightn+4 ,n[1 :5 a citiz5 ( ,virg9ia & a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts g to ! new t]ritories1 does ! =m] c>ry 8 "r to e/abli% & draw a lott]y1 or ! latt] c>ry 8 "r to prosecute ! o!r = do+ s8 ,nei!r2 c]ta9ly nei!r4 ,bo? h left ! local law beh9d !m4 ,if any /ate 9 ?is ,union _h adopt$ polygamy z its peculi> in/itution1 c\ld an inhabitant ( t /ate take a doz5 wives ) him into ! new t]ritories1 & def5d 8 claim to live ) !m !re1 because he c\ld d s at home8 ,or1 suppose1 9 pursuance ( ! 8manife/ de/9y0 pr9ciple1 we %\ld re-annex a "p ( ,*9a to ?is ,union1 c\ld ! ,*9ese1 on remov+ to ,cali=nia1 c>ry ! practice ( infanticide ) !m8 ,j z well1 ,i answ]1 & on precisely ! same legal gr\nd t ! s\? c c>ry slav]y into ,new ,mexico4 ,! reason is t ! law ( slav]y is a local law4 ,l lott]ies1 or polygamy1 or infanticide1 x c legally exi/ 9 no l& :]e ! pr9ciples ( ! common law prevail1 until x is legaliz$ & sanction$ by a special law4 ,!n x is p]mitt$ on ! simple gr\nd t s mu* ( ! common law z secures lib]ty & prop]ty1 ! "r ( habeas corpus & fre$om ( spee* to ea* individual1 has be5 cut out & ca/ away4 ,! con/itution proce$s ^u ?is doctr9e :5 x provides = ! recapture ( fugitive slaves4 ,:y did x n provide = ! capture ( a fugitive horse or ox8 ,:y did x n provide t1 if a horse or an ox %\ld escape f a slave /ate into a free /ate1 x %\ld be deliv]$ up1 or be recov]able by legal process8 ,because horses & ox5 are prop]ty1 by ! common cons5t ( mank9d4 ,x ne$$ no law to make !m prop]ty4 ,!y are prop]ty by ! law ( nations1 by ! ,engli% common law1 by ! law ( e /ate 9 ?is ,union1--:ile m5 & wom5 are n4 ,an escap$ slave c\ld n be recov]$ be=e ! adoption ( ! con/itution4 ,! p[] to seize ^u escap+ slaves 0 "o ( ! motives = adopt+ x4 ,^! consid]ations demon/rate t slaves are n prop]ty1 )9 ! mean+ ( ?is ^w1 :5 x is affirm$ t if ! nor? c c>ry its prop]ty into ! t]ritories1 s c ! s\?4 ,z ! con/itution1 9 t]ms1 adopts ! common law1 x leaves slav]y no?+ to /& ^u b ! local laws ( ! /ates :]e x is e/abli%$4 ,fre$om is ! rule1 slav]y is ! exception4 ,judge ,b]ri5's favorite doctr9e ( equality w\ld1 !re=e1 be de/roy$1 if ! exception %\ld prevail ov] ! rule4 ,=1 if slav]y c be c>ri$ into any ( our t]ritories by =ce ( ! con/itution1 x c into all ( !m2 & if c>ri$ into all ( !m1 ! exception becomes ! rule1 & ! rule p]i%es4 ,ay1 ! rule ceases to be ev5 s mu* z an exception to t :i* 0 its own exception4 ,x is :olly swall[$ up & lo/4 ,i "k x is said t ! fact ( slav]y always prec$es ! law ( slav]y2 t law does n g be=e ! in/itution & create x1 b comes aft]w>ds to sanction & regulate x4 ,b ?is is no m true ( slav]y ?an ( e o!r in/itution or practice among mank9d1 :e!r "r or wrong4 ,homicide exi/$ be=e law2 ! law came 9 subsequ5tly1 & decl>$ t he :o took an innoc5t man's life )\t law1 %\ld lose 8 own by law4 ,! law came 9 to regulate homicide2 to au?orize ! tak+ ( human life = crime1 j z we au?orize involunt>y s]vitude = crime2 & x may j z well be argu$ t murd] is a natural "r because x exi/$ be=e law1 z t slav]y is a natural "r because x exi/$ be=e law4 ,?is argum5t appeals to ! crime :i* ! law 0 enact$ to prev5t1 9 ord] to e/abli% ! supremacy ( ! crime ov] ! law t =bids x4 ,!re is ano!r fallacy 9 ! argum5ts :i* s\!rn g5tlem5 use on ?is subject1 :i*1 ?\gh n z transp>5t z ! prec$+1 is q z uns\nd4 ,!y speak ( ! rights ( ! slavehold] 9 ! new t]ritories4 ,!y speak z ?\gh ! collective own]%ip ( ! t]ritories by ! gov]nm5t1 7 ! own]%ip ( ! p 9 sev]alty2 z ?\gh ea* citiz5 c\ld g !re & draw a l9e r\nd a 8plac]10 & say ?is is m9e2 & !n1 because x is 81 introduce 8 slaves ^u x4 ,b no?+ is m cle> ?an t !re is no su* individual "r4 ,! "r ( ! gov]nm5t is1 fir/1 a "r ( sov]eignty & jurisdiction2 & second1 ! "r ( own]%ip ( all l&s1 navigable wat]s1 c41 :i* h n be5 convey$ away by ! prexi/+ gov]nm5t4 ,individuals reta9 _! citiz5%ip on go+ !re1 z !y d on go+ to ,great ,brita91 or ,france2 b a slave has j z mu* "r to a portion ( ! public l&s 9 ,cali=nia1 :5 he gets !re1 z 8 ma/]4 ,aga92 if ! ma/] c>ries into ,cali=nia ! legal "r to hold slaves1 :i* he possess$ at home1 does n ! slave also reta9 8 legal rights :5 he is transf]r$ !re8 ,! laws :i* gov]n slaves are z v>i\s z ! /ates :]e !y exi/4 ,9 "s /ates manumission is comp>atively unob/ruct$4 ,9 ,delaw>e1 x is a p5al (f5ce ev5 to sell a slave to a notori\s slav$eal]4 ,9 ,georgia1 ! law =bids1 or lately =bade1 ! importation ( slaves = sale4 ,n[1 h[ c a ,georgian import slaves into ,cali=nia f ,georgia1 :5 ! v laws ( 8 own /ate1 "u :i* he claims to hold slaves1 & "u :i* laws he claims to c>ry slaves ) him1 =bid _! importation8 ,& fur!r1 political fran*ises or privileges are j z mu* a "p ( a man's rights z any tangible commodity4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! own]%ip ( t5 slaves con/itutes a prop]ty qualification = be+ a memb] ( ! legislature4 ,on remov+ to ,cali=nia1 w ! citiz5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o owns t5 slaves1 c>ry an eligibility to ! legislature ( ,cali=nia ) him8 ,nay1 ?is political privilege 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a goes fur!r4 ,x is a "r 9 e own] ( t5 slaves1 t no man :o does n own t5 slaves1 7or "s legal equival5t17 %all be a memb] ( ! legislature4 ,! aspirant = (fice has a legal "r 9 ! limitation ( ! numb] ( 8 competitors1 z mu* z 9 any ?+ else4 ,c he c>ry ?is to ,cali=nia ) him8 ,! inf]5ce is inevitable1 t if ! inhabitants ( ! fifte5 slave /ates c c>ry slaves into ,cali=nia by virtue ( ! laws ( _! respective /ates1 !n !y mu/ also c>ry all ! incid5ts ( slav]y kn[n to _! respective codes4 ,=1 h[ c ! incid5t be sep>at$ f ! pr9cipal8 ,y might1 !re=e1 h1 9 a neighborhood ( fifte5 families1 fifte5 slave codes 9 op]ation at ! same "t1--a manife/ absurdity4 ,! conclusion1 !n1 is irresi/ible1 t :5 y come to ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 a slave /ate & a free /ate1 y come to ! b\nd>y l9e ( slav]y itself4 ,on "o side ( ! l9e1 d[n to ! nadir & up to ! z5i?1 ! blackness ( ! slave code p]vades all ?+s2 b1 on ! o!r side1 z high above & z deep bel[1 is ! purity ( fre$om4 ,virg9ia _c ext5d h] laws "o hair's bread? ov] ! l9e into ,p5nsylvania or into ,ohio1 because _! soil is beyond h] jurisdiction4 ,s nei!r ,virg9ia1 nor all ! fifte5 slave /ates comb9$1 c ext5d _! slave laws "o hair's bread? into ! new t]ritories2 & = ! same reason1--! t]ritories are beyond _! jurisdiction4 ,z to ! argum5t t ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recognizes slav]y1 & t1 ^u ! cession ( new t]ritories1 ! con/itution1 by "s magical & incompreh5sible ela/icity1 ext5ds itself ov] !m1 & c>ries slav]y into !m1 ,i ?9k ,i speak ) all due respect :5 ,i say x does n come up to ! dignity ( a sophism4 ,:]e d /rict con/ructioni/s1 or ev5 latitud9>ian con/ructioni/s1 f9d any clause1 or phrase1 or ^w1 :i* %[s t ! con/itution is any ?+ b a compact betwe5 /ates8 ,:]e d !y f9d any ?+ t %[s x to be a compact betwe5 t]ritories1 or betwe5 t]ritories & /ates conjo9$8 ,on its v face1 ! con/itution meets ?is pret5sion ) a d5ial4 ,! preamble decl>es1 8,we ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10--n ! p ( ! t]ritories1 nor ! p ( ! /ates & t]ritories1--89 ord] to =m a m p]fect ,union10--8d orda9 & e/abli% ?is con/itution = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica40 ,if ! con/itution is a compact betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! t]ritories1 !n ! p ( ! t]ritories h all ! rights "u x :i* ! p ( ! /ates h1--! "r to *oose electors = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t1 c41 & to be repres5t$ 9 ,congress by a memb] :o c vote z well z speak4 ,! only way 9 :i* ! con/itution ev] 0 ext5d$1 or ev] c be ext5d$ ov] any "p ( ! e>?'s surface outside ( ! 8orig9al ?irte510 is ?is3 ,! con/itution 9 express t]ms au?orizes ! admission ( new /ates1 & !re=e1 :5 a new /ate is admitt$1 x becomes "o ( ^! 8,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica40 ,! con/itution does n ext5d ov] ! t]ritories1 b ,congress1 be+ ! creature ( ! con/itution1 is1 :5 legislat+ = ! t]ritories1 n only inve/$ ) con/itutional p[]s1 b is limit$ by con/itutional re/rictions4 ,x w\ld h be5 a mu* m plausible pret5sion1 :5 ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana & ,florida 0 made1 t ! con/itution c>ri$ fre$om into ^? t]ritories2 because ! con/itution 0 built ^u ! basis ( ! common law1 &1 9 t]ms1 adopts ! common law = its legal processes & its rules ( judicial int]pretation2 & e body kn[s t !re is no pr9ciple m de> to ! common law ?an t all treaties1 /atutes1 & cu/oms %all be con/ru$ 9 favor ( life & 9 favor ( lib]ty4 ,hav+1 z ,i tru/1 refut$ ! argum5t ( ! slavehold]1 t ! prohibition ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories is an act ( inju/ice to 8 rights1 ,i w consid] 8 next ass]tion1 t x is an insult to 8 feel+s4 ,we are told t ! exclusion ( slav]y f ! t]ritories is an affront to ! honorable s5sibilities ( ! s\?2 & t acquiesc5ce 9 ?is exclusion w\ld involve _! di%onor & degradation4 ,!re are two answ]s to ?is compla9t4 ,! fir/ is1 t among g5tlem51 no insult is ev] (f]$ :]e none is int5d$4 ,!re may be he$lessness ( conduct1 !re may be an un9t5tional w\nd+ ( s5sibilities2 b !re c be no affront :]e ! design to affront is want+4 ,he is n a g5tleman1 b a poltroon & a bragg>t1 :o pret5ds he is insult$ & proce$s to retaliate = ! affront1 :5 all insult & all affront are s9c]ely disclaim$4 ,n[1 x is inf9itely f> f ! purpose ( ! nor? to (f] any indignity to ! s\? by exclud+ slav]y f ! t]ritories4 ,_! ho/ility to slav]y gr[s out ( an hone/ allegiance to :at !y believe to be ! highe/ moral & religi\s duty2 x is =tifi$ by ! op9ions ( mank9d2 & is p]fectly compatible ) ! mo/ frat]nal feel+s t[>ds ! s\?4 ,!y wi% to expo/ulate1 9 reg>d to ! wrong1 9 su* a way z to arre/ ! wrong1 & n1 by inflam+ ! wrongdo]1 to increase ! evil4 ,h[ev] errone\s1 !n1 _! language or _! s5tim5ts may be1 !y are n affrontive nor contumeli\s2 &1 :5 all su* purpose is disav[$1 ^? :o aspire to /& on ! foot+ ( g5tlem5 _c reit]ate ! *>ge4 ,b !re is ano!r consid]ation1--"o :i* app]ta9s to ! p>ty suppos$ to be insult$1 r ?an ! p>ty *>g$ ) ! insult4 ,9 8 8,!ory ( ,moral ,s5tim5ts10 ,adam ,smi? ma9ta9s t x is ! judgm5t ( m51--! op9ion ( ! by/&]s1--t gives u ! pleasure ( be+ approv$1 or ! pa9 ( be+ disapprov$1 on acc\nt ( our conduct4 ,n[1 9 ?is conte/ betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\?1 on ! subject ( ext5d+ slav]y1 :o are ! by/&]s8 ,!y are ! civiliz$ nations ( ! e>?4 ,we1 ! nor? & ! s\?1 are cont5d+ 9 ! ar5a4 ,all civiliz$ m5 /& ar\nd u4 ,!y are a r+ ( look]s-on4 ,x is an augu/ spectacle4 ,x is a l>g] assemblage ?an ev] witness$ any o!r /ruggle 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d2 & _! %\ts ( approbation or hisses ( scorn are wor?y ( our he$4 ,& :at d ^! spectators say1 9 ! alt]nations ( ! combat8 ,d !y urge on ! s\? to mighti] ef=ts1 to ! wid] spread ( slav]y1 & ! multiplication ( its victims8 ,d !y %\t :5 %e triumphs8 ,:5 new *a9s are =g$ & rivet$1 :5 new realms are subdu$ by haughty taskma/]s1 & ov]run by imbrut$ slaves1 d _! plaudits greet y\r e>s & r\se y to m vehem5t ef=ts8 ,all ! rev]se2 totally ! rev]se4 ,!y are n[ look+ on ) disgu/ & abhorr5ce4 ,!y groan1 !y mock1 !y hiss4 ,! brighte/ pages ( _! lit]ature portray y1 z cov]$ ) badges ( di%onor2 _! orators hold up y\r purposes z objects = ! execration ( mank9d2 _! wits hurl ! lightn+s ( satire at y\r lead]s2 _! /atute books ab\nd 9 laws 9 :i* in/itutions l y\rs are br&$ z crimes2 _! morali/s1 f _! high & s]5e seats ( ju/ice1 arraign & condemn y2 _! !ologians f9d y\r doom ( retribution 9 ! oracles ( ,god4 ,engl& has aboli%$ slav]y4 ,france1 9 "o f]vid mom5t ( lib]ty1 /ruck ! *a9s f (f all h] slaves1 z ! bonds ( ,paul & ,silas 7 loos$ 9 ! inn] prison by ! mighty p[] ( ,god4 ,sw$5 has aboli%$ x4 ,m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago1 impot5t1 half-civiliz$ ,mexico did ! same4 ,tunis1 a ,b>b>y /ate1 &1 ,i might add1 a b>b>\s /ate1 has aboli%$ slav]y4 ,mahometanism prec$es ,*ri/ianity1 & sets x an example ( virtue4 ,lib]ia1 a republic ( emancipat$ slaves1 ! v bro!rs & si/]s ( ^? :om y n[ hold 9 bondage1 has be5 ackn[l$g$ z an indep5d5t sov]eignty1 & welcom$ into ! family ( nations1 by two ( ! mo/ p[]ful gov]nm5ts on ! globe4 ,by ?is act1 fre$om secures a new doma9 on ! ea/]n cont95t1 :ile y are /riv+ to give a new doma9 to bondage on ! we/]n4 ,a mon>*y hails ! adv5t ( a free nation 9 ,africa1 :]e slav]y exi/$ be=e2 a republic is seek+ to create t5 ?\s& absolute despotisms 9 ,am]ica1 :]e fre$om exi/$ be=e4 ,n[1 ^! are ! by/&]s & look]s-on 9 ?is gr& & awful conte/ation4 ,!y are all agre$1 z "o man1 9 _! op9ions ab\t x4 ,!y are unit$ly visit+ y\r c\rse ) execration & ana!ma4 ,!re is n a nation on ! globe1 t has a pr9t+ press & a p t c read1 f :i* y c extort "o tok5 ( approval4 ,i w\ld agree to submit ! "q n[ at issue betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\? to ! arbitram5t ( any p on ! face ( ! e>?1 n absolutely savage1 & to abide its decision4 ,nay1 ! wild tribes ( ! ,caucasus & ( ,upp] ,india1 :o h def5d$ !mselves s nobly aga9/ aggression1 w\ld spurn y\r claim & d]ide its pretexts4 ,& yet y say y are insult$1 di%onor$1 disgrac$ 9 ! eyes ( mank9d1 if y are n p]mitt$ to br+ d[n ^u our heads1 also1 ! curses !y are p\r+ ^u y\rs4 ,s f> is ?is f tru?1 t if y w\ld promptly & *e]fully consecrate ! new t]ritories to fre$om1 e nation 9 ! _w w\ld s5d _! plaudits ( y\r conduct to ! skies4 ,b g5tlem5 ( ! s\? n only argue ! "q ( "r & ( honor2 !y g fur!r1 & !y tell u :at !y w proce$ to d if we d n yield to _! dem&s4 ,a l>ge majority ( ! s\!rn legislatures h solemnly 8resolv$0 t if ,congress prohibits slav]y 9 ! new t]ritories1 !y w resi/ ! law 8at any & at e haz>d40 ,& yet !y say !y d n mean to ?reat5 u4 ,!y desire to ab/a9 f all language ( m5ace1 = ?reats & m5aces are b5ea? ! "* ( g5tlem54 ,sir1 :at is ! mean+ ( ! t]ms 8?reats0 & 8m5aces80 ,mr4 ,tr\p1 =m]ly gov]nor ( ,georgia1 speak+ ( u :o are ^u ?is floor1 & ( o!rs :o resi/ ! ext5sion ( slav]y1 calls ea* ( u a 8fanatic40 ,he says t x is only ! dread ( dea? t w /ay our h&s or /op our ma*9ations2 & !n adds1 8,,t ,,dread ,,y ,,mu/ ,,pres5t ,,to ,,him ,,9 ,a ,,visible1 ,,palpable ,,=m40 8,if10 he says 9 ano!r place1 8! abolitioni/s resolve to =ce emancipation1 or to =ce di%onor ^u ! s\!rn /ates by any act ( ,congress1 !n x is my decid$ op9ion t1 ) ! milit>y prep>ation "h indicat$1 conjo9$ to a good volunte] in/ead ( a militia sy/em1 ,,! ,,/ate ,,%\ld ,,m>* ,,^u ,,wa%+ton ,,& ,,dissolve ,,! ,,gov]nm5t40 ,! g5tleman f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,mr4 ,,cl+man1 =ew>ns u t if c]ta9 measures1--& !y are legal & con/itutional measures :i* he indicates1--are tak5 9 ord] to c>ry on ! bus9ess ( legislation 9 ?is ,h\se1 ! ,h\se itself %all be ! 8,lex+ton0 ( a new revolution1 & t 8su* a /ruggle w\ld n leave a quorum to d bus9ess40 ,i c\ld occupy my h\r 9 cit+ passages ( a simil> "* f ! s\!rn press & f s\!rn m54 ,n[1 if ^! are n ?reats1--?reats mo/ gross1 flagrant1 & (f5sive1--,i "k n ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,p]haps ^? :o utt] su* s5tim5ts are only practis+ an inv]sion ( language equal to _! inv]sion ( ideas on ?is subject1 & w\ld call !m 8enticem5ts20 l ! sailor1 :o said he 0 entic$ to jo9 a mut9y1 & be+ ask$ :at arts _h be5 us$ to entice him1 said t ! r+lead] sprang at him ) a h&spike1 & swore if he did n jo9 x he w\ld knock out 8 bra9s4 ,& d ^? g5tlem5 :o make ^! ?reats sob]ly consid] h[ deeply !y are pl$g+ !mselves & _! con/itu5ts by !m8 ,?reats ( dissolution1 if execut$1 become rebellion & treason4 ,! ma*9]y ( ?is gov]nm5t is n[ mov+ onw>d 9 its maje/ic c\rse4 ,cu/om-h\ses1 po/-(fices1 l&-(fices1 army1 navy1 are fulfill+ _! prescrib$ circle ( duties4 ,!y w cont9ue to fulfil !m until arre/$ by viol5ce4 ,%\ld ! h& ( viol5ce be laid ^u !m1 !n w come t exig5cy expressly provid$ = 9 ! con/itution & 9 ! ,presid5t's inaugural oa?1 8,,to ,,take ,,c>e ,,t ,,! ,,laws ,,be ,,fai?fully ,,execut$40 ,mr4 ,*airman1 su* collision w\ld be w>4 ,su* =cible opposition to ! gov]nm5t w\ld be treason4 ,its ag5ts & abettors w\ld be traitors4 ,:]ev] ?is rebellion re>s its cre/1 m>tial law w be proclaim$2 & ^? f\nd ) ho/ile arms 9 _! h&s mu/ prep>e = ! felon's doom4 ,sir1 ,i _c contemplate ?is spectacle )\t a ?rill ( horror4 ,if ! two sections ( ?is c\ntry ev] m>%al !mselves aga9/ ea* o!r1 & _! squadrons ru% to ! conflict1 x w be a w> c>ri$ on by su* p[]s ( intellect1 animat$ by su* vehem5ce ( passion1 & su/a9$ by su* an abundance ( res\rces1 z ! _w has nev] be=e witness$4 8,t5 =eign w>s10 x has be5 well said1 8are a luxury comp>$ ) "o civil w>40 ,b ,i turn f ?is sc5e ) a %udd]4 ,if1 9 ! retributive provid5ce ( ,god1 ! volcano ( civil w> %\ld ev] bur/ ^u u1 x w be amid ?und]+s above1 & e>?quakes bel[1 & d>kness ar\nd2 & :5 t d>kness is lift$ up1 we %all see ?is once glori\s union1--?is on5ess ( gov]nm5t1 "u :i* we h be5 prosp]$ & bless$ z ,heav5 nev] prosp]$ & bless$ any o!r p1--rift$ 9 twa9 f ea/ to we/1 ) a gulf betwe5 u wide & pr(\nd1 save t ?is gulf w be fill$ & heap$ high ) ! slaught]$ bodies ( our c\ntrym52 & :5 we rewak5 to consci\sness1 we %all behold ! g>m5ts & ! h&s ( ! survivors r$ ) fratricidal blood4 ,& :at is ! object = :i* we are will+ to make ?is awful sacrifice8 ,is x to r$eem a realm to fre$om8 ,no6 ,b to subjugate a realm to slav]y4 ,is x to def5d ! rights ( man8 ,no6 ,b to aboli% ! rights ( man6 ,mr4 ,,b[don4 ,does n ! g5tleman ?9k t su* a picture z he has drawn w\ld induce ! nor? to yield a portion ( ! new t]ritories to ! in/itution ( slav]y8 ,mr4 ,,mann4 ,i tru/ t no pictures & no realities w ev] induce u to ext5d slav]y beyond its pres5t limits4 ,beyond ^? limits1 8,no m slave t]ritories1 no m slave /ates10 is ! doctr9e by :i* ,i1 = "o1 %all live & die4 ,n[1 sir1 z ?is ev5t ( a dissolution ( ! ,union is s frequ5tly =c$ ^u our contemplation1 ,i propose to occupy ! residue ( my h\r 9 consid]+ "s ( its m obvi\s consequ5ces4 ,s\!rn pap]s & s\!rn resolution writ]s h a favorite phrase1 t if ,congress %all pass any law aga9/ ! ext5sion ( slav]y1 !y w resi/ x 8at any & e haz>d40 ,let u inquire1 sob]ly1 :at a few ( ^! haz>ds are3-- ,fir/1 z to ! recov]y1 or non-recov]y1 ( fugitive slaves1 :i* is "o ( ! alleg$ provocatives ( dissolution4 ,take a map ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates & spread x out be=e y4 ,al?\gh !y cov] an area ( ab\t n9e hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles1 yet x is a v rem>kable fact1 t only an insignificantly small portion ( ?is va/ ext5t lies m ?an two hundr$ & fifty miles f a free fronti]2 & ^? p>ts :i* d lie beyond ?is di/ance hold b few slaves4 ,^? portions ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 & ,t5nessee1 :]e _! upp] b\nd>ies conv]ge among ! m\nta9s1 are a little m ?an ?is di/ance f a free bord]2 b ?is t]ritory is relatively insignificant 9 size1 & sp>sely populat$ ) slaves4 ,an outside belt or bord] region ( ! slave /ates1 no "p ( :i* %all be m ?an "o hundr$ miles f a free fronti]1 w\ld embrace ne>ly "o half ( _! :ole area2 &1 z ,i suppose1 mu* m ?an "o half ( _! :ole slave population4 ,:at is to prev5t ! easy escape ( slaves liv+ )9 ^! limits8 ,:ile ,god s5ds nights ^u ! e>?1 no?+ c prev5t x4 ,i v5ture to pr$ict1 t 9 su* a /ate ( ?+s1 slaves w become *eap1 & horses w become de>4 ,i am aw>e ( y\r laws :i* =bid slaves to cross bridges or f]ries1 )\t a pass2 b y c h no law aga9/ seasons ( l[ wat]4 ,! old adage says1 8ri*es h w+s40 ,y w f9d t ^! ri*es h legs4 ,! ,mississippi & ,ohio ,riv]s1 :]e !y bord] ^u free /ates1 w be alive z ) %oals ( porpoises4 ,rememb] !re is no con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[4 ,t y h brok54 ,! free /ates are !re=e absolv$ f all obligation to surr5d] fugitives4 ,! law ( #agic is at an end4 ,no action c be ma9ta9$ = aid+ !m to escape1 nor = h>bor+ or conceal+ !m4 ,! di/+ui%$ s5ator f ,k5tucky1 ,mr4 ,,clay1 said1 9 8 late spee*1 t no in/ance _h ev] come to 8 k :]e an action = h>bor+ runaways _h n be5 ma9ta9$ 9 ! c\rts ( ! free /ates1 & damages recov]$4 ,b ?is rem$y y w h annull$4 ,! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! law ( #agic1 be+ at an end1 ! law ( nature revives4 ,by ?is law1 e case ( an escap+ slave is b ! self-recov]y ( /ol5 goods4 ,:5 !y cross ! l9e into a free /ate1 !y are free1--z free z y or ,i4 ,! /ates be+ sep>at$1 ,i w\ld z soon return my own bro!r or si/] into bondage1 z ,i w\ld return a fugitive slave4 ,be=e ,god1 & ,*ri/1 & all ,*ri/ian m51 !y are my bro!rs & si/]s4 ,z our laws make x piracy to kidnap slaves 9 ,africa1 or to %ip !m !nce1 s x %all be a felony1 puni%able ) dea?1 = any s\!rn ma/] to kidnap a color$ man1 9 a free /ate1 or transport him f x1 on ! gr\nd ( alleg$ own]%ip4 ,y are fond ( quot+ ,scripture to u1 9 ju/ification ( slav]y4 ,we w retort ! ,scripture1 t 8he t /eale? a man1 & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all surely be put to dea?40 ,"h1 !n1 is a free l& fronti] ( ab\t two ?\s& miles1 & a free ocean fronti] ( ab\t tw5ty-five hundr$ miles2 & m ?an "o half ( all y\r slaves are )9 two days' run ( x4 ,m ?an "o qu>t] ( !m are )9 "o night's run ( x4 ,?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s c escape1 ev5 :ile y are d9+4 ,canada1 n[ s di/ant1 is br\ght five hundr$ miles ne>]4 ,! "u-gr\nd railroad w be ab&on$1 & its /ock s inve/$ z to yield quick] returns4 ,:at facilities = escape1 too1 w ! ocean pres5t4 ,fleets ( vessels are con/antly pass+ & repass+ )9 a few h\rs' sail ( ! coa/4 ,! day = ! p[] & ! triumph ( ^? :om y hate z abolitioni/s w h arriv$4 ,/eamboats c\ld lie out ( sight ( l& 9 ! day "t1 run 9 at night1 & be out ( sight aga9 be=e ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,to gu>d tw5ty-five hundr$ miles ( coa/ is impossible4 ,if y decl>e w> 9 ord] to av5ge y\r losses1 !n t w> makes y\r coa/ lawfully accessible bo? by day & by night1 & multiplies a hundr$ fold ! opportunities & facilities = ?is self-recov]y ( /ol5 goods4 ,i "k x is said t "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates are av]se to ! reception ( blacks4 ,let u analyze ?is idea4 ,!re are n[ by e/imation ?ree millions ( slaves4 ,say "o half ( ^! are ei!r too old or too "y to h ! /r5g? or ! intellig5ce to escape4 ,a million & a half are left2 five hundr$ ?\s& ( ^! w h atta*m5ts to _! own p>5ts or *ildr51 or to _! ma/]s1 too /rong to be brok52 or !y may be s degrad$ z to be cont5t$ ) bondage2 = _! cont5tm5t is always "o ( ! measures ( _! degradation4 ,?is w\ld leave a million = fugitives1 consi/+ :olly ( ! mo/ able bodi$ & intellig5t4 ,! ,nor!rn ,/ates comprise a t]ritory ( five hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,a million ( escap$ slaves w\ld give b two to a squ>e mile1 & ?is surely w\ld n be a =midable numb]1 ev5 :]e colorphobia is /ronge/4 ,suppose ! case ( a family ( f\rte5 slaves1--two gr&p>5ts1 too decrepit = labor1 six a?letic sons or daught]s1 & six gr& *ildr54 ,:at b affection %\ld prev5t ! able-bodi$ & ! pr(itable f escap+1 & leav+ ! ag$ & ! "y on _! ma/]s' h&s4 ,affection1 inde$1 w\ld b9d ! p>5ts to _! *ildr51 b !y "k too well h[ (t5 ?is bond is remorselessly brok5 by ! ma/]2 &1 besides1 an enlight5$ affection w\ld look to future *ildr5 & _! po/]ity =ev]1 z well z to ^? !y already h4 ,w y make y\r laws horribly p5al1 9 ord] to det] slaves f escap+ by fe>8 ,w y mutilate !m1 or sc\rge !m till )9 a m9ute ( dea?8 ,d s4 ,all su* puni%m5ts n only n\ri% ! love ( fre$om1 b bre$ ! purpose ( rev5ge2 & x is a k9d ( lesson :i* a brutaliz$ nature is always prone to retaliate ) improvem5ts4 ,w y make ! act ( escape a capital (f5ce 9 a slave1 & de/roy ! victim y _c re/ra98 ,d s4 ,?\gh y may inflict dea? 9 a p>oxysm ( wra?1 yet ( all y\r p5al disp5sations x is ! mo/ m]ciful4 ,x n only releases ! slave himself1 b is a prospective & p]petual amne/y1--a true act ( oblivion1--= all 8 desc5dants4 ,b ?is extremity ( puni%m5t is n likely to be resort$ to4 ,9 look+ ov] ! crim9al codes ( ! slave /ates1 ,i ?9k ,i h not$ cases :]e ! slave is n puni%$ ) dea? = an (f5ce = :i* a :ite man is4 ,! value mod]ates ! v5geance4 ,!re are n _m :o1 l ,cleopatra1 c af=d to dissolve a pe>l 9 ! cup ( rev5ge1 & swall[ x at a draught1 :5 t pe>l w comm& five hundr$ or a ?\s& doll>s 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,s\!rn g5tlem51 :5 !y ?reat5 disunion1 _c surely be s mu* at fault z to =get t slav]y exi/s "h z x nev] exi/$ be=e 9 ! _w4 ,9 ,greece !re 7 slaves2--9 "s cases1 highly intellig5t & accompli%$ slaves4 ,!y c\ld h escap$ if !y w\ld2 b :]e %\ld !y escape to8 ,all cot]m9\s nations1--! :ole circle r\nd1--7 b>b>ians4 ,^! slaves1 !re=e1 _h no place to flee to1 :]e bett] in/itutions & ju/] laws prevail$4 ,s x 0 ) ,rome4 ,:i!r c\ld h] slaves fly b to b>b>\s ,spa91 or m b>b>\s ,gaul1 or to "s nation ^: language !y did n und]/&4 ,ignorance ( language is a m insup]able b>ri] ?an m\nta9s or oceans4 ,x is j ! rev]se "h4 ,! ,engli% language is spok5 on all sides2 & our slave l& is encircl$ by free l& or free ocean1--,jamaica1 ! ,b]mudas1 & two ?\s& miles ( nor!rn fronti]4 ,& ,i h lately se5 an e/imate f a cr$ible s\rce1 t if an int]-oceanic canal %\ld be op5$ across ! ,i/hmus ( ,d>i51 twelve hundr$ %ips w\ld annually pass ?r\gh x2 &1 z !y sail to & fro1 !y w skirt ! :ole ( y\r gulf coa/1 & ! :ole ( y\r ,atlantic coa/1 a great "p ( ! voyage be+ )9 sight1 or )9 a day's sail1 ( y\r %ores4 ,n[1 ! ignorant slave kn[s b little ( geography1 b he w\ld "k ( ^! av5ues to fre$om1 & no?+ b dea? c\ld ext+ui% su* k & ! hopes x w\ld inspire4 ,i say1 sir1 "u su* circum/ances1 slav]y w\ld melt away ^u y\r bord]s l an iceb]g 9 ! tropics4 ,! p>ticles1 t is1 ! individuals ( ! expos$ surface1 w\ld disappe>2 & y might z well attempt to /op sol> evaporation by /atutory laws1 z to prev5t _! escape4 ,p]haps a dissolution ( ! ,union is ! means =eorda9$ by ,god = ! ext9ction ( slav]y2 & did ,i n =esee its doom be=e any v long p]iod %all h elaps$1 )\t ! unspeakable horrors ( a civil & a s]vile w>1 ,i _c say to :at conclusion ! above consid]ations w\ld lead my own m9d4 ,hav+ %[n h[ ! 8r$ress0 ( disunion w op]ate ^u "o ( ! grievances alleg$ z its motive & excuse1 let u look at ano!r ( ^? 8haz>ds10 ^: li/1 ( indef9ite l5g?1 ! s\? is s will+ to brave4 ,9 case ( rebellion or secession1 to :om w ! t]ritories belong8 ,x is ! rule ( political z well z ( municipal law1 t :oev] retires f a community1 leaves its common prop]ty beh9d him4 ,i h a direct int]e/ & proprietor%ip 9 ! *ur* 9 my p>i%1 9 ! s*oolh\se 9 my t[n1 & 9 ! /ate-h\se & o!r public prop]ty belong+ to my /ate4 ,b if ,i expatriate myself1 ,i leave all t int]e/ & proprietor%ip beh9d me4 ,if ! c\nty ( ,brooke1 9 ,virg9ia1 %\ld sec$e f ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 & %\ld annex itself to ,ohio or ,p5nsylvania1 no "o d\bts t x w\ld =feit all its rights to :atev] public prop]ty ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia possesses4 ,9 l mann]1 if ! 8,unit$ ,/ates ,s\?0--z ! new conf$]acy has already be5 nam$ by ! 8,ri*mond ,enquir]10--%\ld sec$e1 !y w\ld1 by ! v act ( secession1 surr5d] & ab&on all "r1 title1 & int]e/ 9 ! new t]ritories4 ,by su* secession1 all _! citiz5s become =eign]s4 ,!y h no rights "u ! treaty ) ,mexico4 ,! new ,spani% citiz51 ^: allegiance 0 transf]r$ by ! treaty ) ,mexico1 & ^: citiz5%ip is n yet two ye>s old1 w\ld h a "r to expel !m4 ,! 8,unit$ ,/ates ,s\?10 x is true1 may decl>e w>1 & attempt ! conque/ ( ! t]ritories by =ce2 b 9 su* a conte/1 ! army & navy & milit>y /ores ( ! gov]nm5t1 :i*1 also1 !y h lo/ by secession1 w be turn$ aga9/ !m4 ,b1 ,i v5ture to prophesy1 t if ! slave /ates %all pass ?r\gh "o w>1 s+le-h&$1 !y w aft]w>ds be ! mo/ peaceable nation ! _w ev] saw4 ,to e fronti] c\ntry & to e naval p[]1 !y h giv5 ?ree millions ( ho/ages = _! good behavior4 ,let u look at a ?ird grievance !y mean to r$ress1 & a ?ird 8haz>d0 !y are ready to enc\nt]4 ,!y compla9 ( nor!rn agitation on ! subject ( slav]y1 & nor!rn in/igation ( ! slaves !mselves4 ,on ! subject ( 8agitation10 ,i d5y t ! nor? has ev] ov]/epp$ ! limits ( _! con/itutional rights4 ,!y h nev] agitat$ ! "q ( slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,x has be5 only 9 reg>d to slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict1 or ! annexation ( ,texas1 or ! acquisition ( t]ritory = ! ext5sion ( slav]y1 or ! imprisonm5t ( h] own citiz5s 9 s\!rn ports1 or a d5ial ( ! inviolable "r ( petition2--x has be5 only on su* subjects t ! nor? has lift$ up ! voice ( expo/ulation & remon/rance4 ,ev5 ^! con/itutional rights %e has us$ =be>+ly4 ,%e has nev] ex]t$ =ce1 nor ?reat5$ =ce1 ei!r to ma9ta9 ! "r ( petition or to lib]ate h] own citiz5s imprison$ 9 s\!rn jails4 ,9 reg>d to in/igat+ slaves to escape1 ,i ackn[l$ge !re h be5 "s in/ances ( x2 b !y h be5 few4 ,! p]petrators h be5 tri$ & sev]ely puni%$1 & ! nor? has acquiesc$2 = !y ackn[l$ge t1 if a man w g into a slave /ate & violate its laws1 he mu/ be judg$ by !m4 ,b ,i h nev] kn[n ( a s+le case1--,i believe !re is no well-au!nticat$ case on record1--:]e a nor!rn man has in/igat$ ! slaves to rise 9 rebellion1 & to retaliate ^u _! ma/]s = ! wrongs :i* !y & _! race h suff]$4 ,z ,i dread indiscrim9ate massacre & conflagration1 ,i %\ld abhor ! p]petrator ( su* a crime4 ,b w sep>ation br+ relief or security8 ,no1 sir2 x w enhance ! dang] a myriad fold4 ,?\s&s w />t up1 :o w ?9k x z mu* a duty & an honor to assi/ ! slaves 9 any conte/ ) _! ma/]s1 z to assi/ ,greeks1 or ,poles1 or ,hung>ians1 9 resi/+ _! tyrants4 ,two ?+s exi/ at ! nor? :i* ! s\? does n duly appreciate1--! dep? & int5sity ( our abhorr5ce ( slav]y1 & t rev]5ce = ! law :i* keeps x 9 *eck4 ,! latt] c\nt]poises ! =m]4 ,we are a law-abid+ p4 ,b release u f our obligations1 te> (f f ! bond ) y\r own h&s ! signatures :i* b9d our consci5ces & repress our feel+s1 de/roy ^? comp5sations :i* ! _w & :i* po/]ity w\ld d]ive f a cont9uance ( ?is ,union1 & well may y tremble = ! result4 ,i h se5 fugitive slaves at ! nor?1 & he>d f _! own lips ! dreadful recital ( _! wrongs3 & if ,i am any judge ( ! natural language ( m52 if ,i c div9e f ! outw>d expression :at passions are burn+ )91 ea* "o ( !m _h a hundr$ conflagrations & a hundr$ massacres 9 8 bosom4 ,!y felt z y & ,i %\ld feel if we _h be5 subject$ to ,alg]9e bondage4 ,& d y d\bt1 sir1 does any s\!rn g5tleman on ?is floor d\bt1 = "o mom5t1 t if he 7 seiz$ by a ,b>b>y corsair & sold into ,alg]9e bondage1 & c>ri$ a hundr$ miles into ! int]ior1 t he w\ld improve ! fir/ opportunity to escape1 ?\gh at e /ep 9 8 flight he %\ld cru% out a human life1 & %\ld leave an ev]-wid5+ expanse ( conflagration beh9d him8 ,if agitation & in/igation are evils n[1 woe to ^? :o w\ld seek to mitigate or to repress !m by ! rem$ies ( disunion & civil w>4 ,let m5 :o live 9 a p[d]-mill bew>e h[ !y madd5 pyrote*ni/s4 ,b x is said t if dissolution occurs1 ! 8,unit$ ,/ates ,s\?0 c =m an alliance ) ,great ,brita94 ,& are !re no in/igators & abolitioni/s 9 ,engl&8 ,yes1 sir1 t5 9 ,engl& :]e !re is "o at ! nor?4 ,fr$]ick ,d\glass has j return$ f ,engl&1 :]e he has enjoy$ ! honors ( an ovation4 ,william ,wells ,br[n1 ano!r fugitive slave1 is n[ travell+ 9 ,engl&4 ,8 j\rneys f place to place are l ! 8progresses0 ( "o ( ! magnates ( t l&1--pass+ :]ev] he w ) free tickets1 & enjoy+ ! hospitalities ( ! mo/ ref9$ & educat$ m54 ,! v la/ /eam] br\ght out an acc\nt ( 8 public reception at ,newca/le4 ,an ent]ta9m5t 0 giv5 him :i* 0 att5d$ by f\r hundr$ ladies & g5tlem54 ,m5 ( high di/9ction & "* adorn$ x by _! pres5ce4 ,! ladies made up a purse ( tw5ty sov]eigns1 :i* !y gave him4 ,x 0 pres5t$ 9 a beautiful purse t "o ( _! numb]1--! successful competitor = ! honor1--_h wr\ght ) h] own h&s4 ,all _! g5]osity & k9dness !y consid]$ z repaid by he>+ f 8 own lips ! pa!tic /ory ( 8 captivity & ! h]oism ( 8 escape4 ,sir1 e man :o has travell$ 9 ,engl& kn[s t !re are l>ge1 weal?y1 & ref9$ circles !re1 no memb] ( :i* w\ld all[ a slavehold] to sit at 8 table or ent] 8 doors4 ,n only *ur*es1 b moral & religi\s m51 ! _w ov]1 h begun to read slavehold]s out ( _! communion & companion%ip4 ,if ! s\? expects to rid itself ( agitation & abolitionism by ruptur+ its bonds ) ! nor? & sub/itut+ an alliance ) ,great ,brita9 = our pres5t con/itution1 !y may envy ! wisdom ( ! geese :o invit$ ! fox to /& s5t9el ov] !m :ile !y slept4 ,nor!rn int]f]5ce w increase a hundr$ fold2 & ! :ole p[] & weal? ( ,briti% abolitionism1 n only f\nd$ on moral pr9ciple b nurs$ by national pride1 w be br\ght to be> directly ^u !m4 ,i said t ! slave does n "k mu* ( geography2 b he und]/&s en\gh ( x to "k :]e lies ! free fronti]4 ,! slave does n "k mu* ( a/ronomy2 b !re is "o /> 9 ! firmam5t :i* is de>] to him ?an all ! heav5ly ho/ 7 to ! ,*aldeans4 ,he wor%ips ! nor? /> ) m ?an ,p]sian idolatry4 ,b let ! s\? =m comm]cial alliances ) ,great ,brita92 let ! c>ry+ trade be c>ri$ on 9 ,briti% vessels2 & ! slave w f9d a /> 9 ! ea/ z beautiful to 8 eye1 & z inspir+ to 8 hopes1 z ! /> 9 ! nor?4 ,is ! case ( ! ,ami/ad =gott51 :]e a few ignorant1 degrad$ wret*es1 fre% f ! jungles ( b5ight$ ,africa h]self1 seiz$ ^u ! vessel 9 :i* !y 7 transport$1 & compell$ ! ma/]1 "u p]il ( 8 life1 to /e] = ! nor? />1--t light :i* ,god k9dl$ 9 ! heav5s1 & :i* he w z soon ext+ui% z he w ext+ui% ! love ( lib]ty :i* he has k9dl$ 9 e human brea/8 ,& w a slave1 escap+ to ,great ,brita91 or to any ( h] colonial possessions1 be reclaimable8 ,exam9e ,som]set's case = an answ]4 ,no1 sir4 ,nei!r ! ?ird clause ( ! second section ( ! f\r? article ( ! con/itution1 nor ! law ( #agic1 w ev] be ext5d$ ov] ! ,?ree ,k+doms or _! dep5d5cies4 ,x surely is n b5ea? ! dignity ( ! place or ! occasion to look at ano!r ( ^? 8haz>ds0 :i* ! s\? are invok+4 ,!y are pr\d ( _! pa/ hi/ory1 & ,i d\bt n _! reflect+ & patriotic m5 are at lea/ reasonably solicit\s ( _! future fame4 ,:5 !y meet 9 augu/ c\ncil to inaugurate ! great ev5t ( e/abli%+ an indep5d5t conf$]acy ( slave /ates1 & ( dissolv+ ! political b&s :i* n[ unite !m ) u1 8a dec5t respect to ! op9ions ( mank9d0 w 8require !m to decl>e ! causes :i* _h impell$ !m to ! sep>ation40 ,& w !y f9d a model = _! manife/o 9 t glori\s ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce :i* _! own immortal ,jeff]son prep>$1 & to :i* _m ( ! greate/ ( all _! hi/oric names are subscrib$8 ,alas1 !y w h to read t ,decl>ation1 z ! devil reads ,scripture1 backw>ds6 ,i "k n :at may be ! rhetorical t]ms & phrases ( ! new ,decl>ation1 b ,i d "k t its hi/oric =m & sub/ance _c be widely diff]5t f ?is3-- 8,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t1 t m5 are n creat$ equal2 t !y are n end[$ by _! ,creator ) inali5able rights2 t :ite m51 ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race1 7 born to rob1 & tyrannize1 & enjoy1 & black m51 ( ! ,african race1 to labor1 & suff]1 & obey2 t a man1 ) a drop ( ,african blood 9 8 ve9s1 has no political rights1 & !re=e %all nev] vote2 t he has no pecuni>y rights1 & !re=e :atev] he may e>n or receive1 belongs to 8 ma/]2 t he has no judicial rights1 & !re=e he %all nev] be he>d z a witness to r$ress wrong1 or viol5ce1 or robb]y1 committ$ by :ite m5 ^u him2 t he has no p>5tal rights1 & !re=e 8 *ildr5 may be torn f 8 bosom1 at ! pleasure or caprice ( 8 own]2 t he has no m>ital rights1 & !re=e 8 wife may be lawfully sold away into di/ant bondage1 or violat$ be=e 8 eyes2 t he has no rights ( m9d or ( consci5ce1 & !re=e he %all nev] be all[$ to read or to ?9k1 & all 8 aspirations = improvem5t %all be ext+ui%$2 t he has no religi\s rights1 & !re=e he %all nev] read ! ,bible2 t he has no heav5-desc5d$1 ,god-giv5 rights ( fre$om1 & !re=e he & 8 po/]ity %all be slaves =ev]4 ,we hold t gov]nm5ts 7 in/itut$ among m5 to secure & =tify ?is asc5d5cy ( "o race ov] ano!r2 t ?is asc5d5cy has its f\ndation 9 =ce ratifi$ by law1 & 9 ignorance & debasem5t inflict$ by intellig5ce & sup]iority2 & :5 any p1 ) :om we are politically associat$1 w\ld deb> u f propagat+ our doctr9es or ext5d+ our dom9ation into new realms & ov] free t]ritories1 x becomes our duty to sep>ate f !m1 & to hold !m1 z we hold ! re/ ( mank9d1--fri5ds :5 !y make slaves1 enemies :5 !y make freem540 ,i say1 sir1 ( :atev] words & phrases ! s\!rn 8,magna ,*>ta0 may consi/1 ?is1 or some?+ l ?is1 mu/ be its sub/ance & reality4 ,s ! preamble to _! con/itution mu/ run 9 ?is wise3 8,we1 ! p ( ! #8,unit$ ,/ates ,s\?1' 9 ord] to =m a m p]fect conspiracy aga9/ ! rights ( ! ,african race1 e/abli% inju/ice1 insure dome/ic slav]y1 provide = hold+ ?ree millions ( our fell[-be+s1 ) all ! c\ntless millions ( _! po/]ity1 9 bondage1 & to secure to ourselves & our po/]ity ! enjoym5t ( p[]1 & luxury1 & slo?1 d orda9 & e/abli% ?is con/itution = ! #8,unit$ ,/ates ,s\?4'0 ,sir1 %\ld a civil w> ensue betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\?1 7:i* may ,god 9 8 m]cy av]t17 9 consequ5ce ( an attempt to dissolve ?is ,union1 & ! c]ta9 resi/ance :i* w\ld be made to su* an attempt1 x w\ld be difficult to exagg]ate ! imm$iate evils :i* w\ld befall ! int]e/s ( ,new ,engl& & "s o!r p>ts ( ! nor?4 ,our manufactures & our comm]ce w\ld suff] at lea/ a tempor>y d]angem5t4 ,b we h b\ndless res\rces 9 our ent]prise & our intellig5ce4 ,k & indu/ry are recup]ative en]gies t c nev] long be balk$ 9 _! que/ ( prosp]ity4 ,! p t bore ! emb>go ( #ahjg1 & ! w> ( #ahab1 :5 all _! capital 0 emb>k$ 9 comm]ce1 c survive any *ange t does n /op ! revolution ( ! seasons or susp5d ! great laws ( nature4 ,&1 :5 ! day ( peace aga9 returns1 bus9ess w aga9 return to its old *annels4 ,! s\?1 not)/&+ any p]sonal ho/ility1 w be z ready to take nor!rn gold z ?\gh x _h come f ! ,engli% m9t2 & !y w employ ^? fir/1 :o w d _! manufactur+ or _! comm]cial labor *eape/ & be/4 ,gold is a great pacificator betwe5 nations2 &1 9 ?is money-lov+ age1 mutual int]e/s w1 9 ! end1 subdue mutual ho/ilities4 ,our %>e1 !re=e1 ( ! calamities ( a civil w>1 w be ma9ly ( a pecuni>y nature4 ,!y w n be intol]able4 ,!y w invade none ( ! securities ( home2 !y w n associate poison ) our daily food1 nor murd] & conflagration ) our nightly repose2 nor black violation ) ! sanctities ( our daught]s & our wives4 ,ev5 9 a pecuni>y po9t ( view1 a dissolution ( our political ties w\ld cause less imm$iate & int5se suff]+ at ! nor? ?an at ! s\?4 ,our laws & in/itutions are all fram$ s z to enc\rage ! poor man1 &1 by education1 to elevate 8 *ildr5 above ! condition ( _! p>5ts2 b _! laws & in/itutions all t5d to aggr&ize ! ri*1 & to p]petuate p[] 9 _! h&s4 ,7 x n = ! visions ( horror & ( blood%$ :i* s\!rn ?reats h s intimately associat$ ) ?is controv]sy1 "o rem>kable feature1 :i* has hi!rto be5 eclips$1 w\ld h be5 mo/ conspicu\s4 ,) e philan?ropic nor!rn man1 a collat]al motive = keep+ ! new t]ritories free is1 t !y may be a l& ( hope & ( promise to ! poor man1 to :i*ev] ( all our /ates he may belong2 :]e he may g & f9d a home & a home/ead & abundance4 ,b ! s\?1 9 attempt+ to op5 ^! t]ritories to ! slavehold]s1 w\ld give !m to ! ri* alone1--w\ld give !m to less ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p]sons out ( a population ( six millions4 ,! int]e/s ( ! poor] classes at ! s\? all dem& free t]ritory1 :]e !y c g & rise at once to an equality ) _! fell[-citiz5s1 :i* !y nev] c d at home4 ,!y are natural abolitioni/s1 & unless bl9d$ by ignorance1 or ov]aw$ by _! social sup]iors1 !y w s decl>e !mselves4 ,e intellig5t & virtue-lov+ wife or "m1 at ! s\?1 :5 %e ?9ks ( h] husb& & h] sons1 is =c$ to be an abolitioni/4 ,! attempt1 !re=e1 to subject ! new t]ritories to ! law ( slav]y is n made 9 ! "n ( "o half ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 x is n made = ! six millions1 m or less1 :o inhabit ! slave /ates2 b x is made = less ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& slavehold]s among m ?an tw5ty millions ( p4 ,!re is "o o!r 8haz>d10 sir1 :i* ! s\? invokes & defies1 :i* to h] high-m9d$ & honor-lov+ sons1 %\ld be m =midable ?an all ! re/4 ,%e is defy+ ! ,_s ( ! ,age4 ,%e is n only defy+ ! judgm5t ( contempor>ies1 b invok+ ^u h]self ! execrations ( po/]ity4 ,m>k ! progress 9 ! public s5tim5t ( ,*ri/5dom1 )9 ! la/ few c5turies1 on ! subject ( slav]y & ! rights ( man4 ,aft] ! discov]y ( ?is cont95t by ,columbus1 ! ecclesia/ics ( ,spa9 held c\ncils to discuss ! "q1 :e!r ! aborig9es ( ?is c\ntry _h or _h n s\ls to be sav$4 ,!y left ?is "q undecid$2 b !y said1 z x 0 possible t ! nations ( ! new _w might h an immortal _s1 !y w\ld s5d !m ! gospel1 s z to be on ! safe side2 & ! mission ( ,las ,casas 0 ! result4 ,9 ! "t ( ,"l ,coke1 only a little m ?an two c5turies ago1 ! doctr9e 0 op5ly av[$ & held1 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 t ! hea!n _h no rights2 & !re=e t x 0 lawful = ,*ri/ians to drive !m out ( _! inh]itance1 & to despoil !m1 z ! ,jews despoil$ ! ,egyptians & drove out ! ,canaanites4 ,dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 all ! comm]cial nations ( ,europe engag$ 9 ! ,african slave trade1 )\t compunction or reproa*4 ,9 ! la/1 or eighte5? c5tury1 ! horrors ( t trade 7 aggravat$ & black5$ by su* demoniacal atrocities1 z1 7 x n = "s r$eem+ attributes among m51 w\ld h made ! human race immortally hateful4 ,ev5 :5 our own con/itution 0 =m$1 9 #aghg1 ?is dreadful traffic 0 n only sanction$1 b a solemn compact 0 ent]$ into1 by :i* all prohibition ( x 0 prohibit$ = tw5ty ye>s4 ,yet1 9 ! ye> #ahbj1 aft] ! lapse ( only ?irty-?ree ye>s1 ?is v trade 0 decl>$ to be piracy1--! highe/ (f5ce kn[n to ! law1--& ! felon's dea? 0 d5\nc$ aga9/ all pr9cipals & abettors4 ,we are (t5 rem9d$ by g5tlem5 ( ! s\?1 t1 at ! "t ( ! adoption ( t con/itution1 slav]y exi/$ 9 almo/ e /ate 9 ! ,union2 & t "s nor!rn m]*ants1 by a devili% al*emy1 transmut$ gold f its te>s & blood4 ,b c !y read no lesson z to ! progress ( ! age f ! fact t all ^? /ates h s9ce abjur$ slav]y ( _! own free w2 & t1 at ! pres5t day1 x w\ld be m tol]able = any nor!rn m]*ant1 r ?an to be reasonably suspect$ ( ! guilt ( ?is traffic1 to be ca/ into ! fi]y furnace ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 sev5 times heat$8 ,9 ,europe1 ! tide ( lib]ty1 ?\gh meet+ ) ob/ructions f firm-seat$ dyna/ies & "t-/r5g!n$ pr]ogative1 /ill rises1 & sweeps onw>d ) unebb+ fl[4 ,9 ,france1 revolutions foll[ ea* o!r 9 quick] & quick] succession4 ,^! revolutions are only gigantic /ruggles ( ! popul> w to escape f oppression2 &1 at ea* /ruggle1 ! giant snaps a *a94 ,great ,brita91 :i* 9 =m] times s5t m vessels to ! coa/ ( ,africa to kidnap & to transport its natives1 ?an all ! o!r nations ( ! e>? toge!r1 n[ ma9ta9s a fleet ^u ! same coa/ to suppress ! trade %e s lately enc\rag$4 ,?ree times1 dur+ ! pres5t c5tury1 has t gov]nm5t escap$ civil commotion by mak+ l>ge concessions to popul> rights4 ,s9ce ! ye> #ahad1 writt5 con/itutions h be5 extort$ by ! p f m ?an ?ree f\r?s ( all ! sov]eigns ( ,europe4 ,:at a tempe/ n[ beats ^u ,au/ria1 f all po9ts ( ! compass1 because1 dur+ ! la/ season1 %e attempt$ only to half enslave ! ,hung>ians1--because %e attempt$ to d :at1 dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 %e might h done )\t a remon/rance6 ,! rights ( individuals1 n less ?an ! rights ( communities1 h em]g$ f oblivion into recognition1 & h become law4 ,p5al codes h be5 ameliorat$1 & b>b>\s cu/oms aboli%$4 ,!re are n[ b two places on ! globe :]e a woman c be publicly :ipp$1--9 ,hung>y & 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates6 ,& ! univ]sal scorn & hiss+ ) :i* ! rul]s ( ! =m] c\ntry h be5 visit$ = _! wom5-:ipp+1 & _! execution ( ^? ^: sole crime 0 _! love ( fre$om1 only =etok5 t fi]c] scorn & l\d] hiss+ ) :i*1 f all sides ( ! civiliz$ _w1 ! latt] w soon be visit$4 ,let ! high-ton$ & *ivalr\s sons ( ! s\?1--^? 8:o feel a /a9 ^u _! honor l a w\nd10--?9k ( all ?is1 z "o 9 ! long catalogue ( 8haz>ds0 ^u :i* !y are ru%+4 ,sir1 ! lead+ m9ds 9 a community are ma9ly responsible = ! =tunes ( t community4 ,"u ,god1 ! m5 ( education1 ( tal5t1 & ( atta9m5t1 turn ! tides ( human affairs4 ,:]e great social di/9ctions exi/1 ! intellig5ce & ! weal? ( a few /imulate or suppress ! volition ( ! masses4 ,!y are ! s5sorium ( ! body politic1 & _! social inf]iors are ! mighty limbs1 :i*1 = good or = evil1 !y wield4 ,su* is ! relation 9 :i* ! ?ree hundr$ ?\s&1 or less ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& slave own]s ( ! s\?1 hold to _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,!y c light ! tor* ( civil w>1 or !y c qu5* x4 ,b if civil w> once blazes =?1 x is n giv5 to mortal wisdom to ext+ui% or control x4 ,x comes "u o!r & mighti] laws1 "u o!r & mighti] ag5cies4 ,human passions fe$ ! combu/ion2 & ! flame :i* ! brea? ( man has k9dl$1 ! passions ( ! multitude1--/rong] ?an ! brea? ( ! hurricane1--w spread4 ,among ^! passions1 "o ( ! /ronge/ & bolde/ is ! love ( lib]ty1 :i* dwells 9 e bosom4 ,9 ! educat$ & civiliz$1 ?is love ( lib]ty is a regulat$ b p>am\nt desire2 9 ! ignorant & debas$1 x is a wild1 vehem5t in/9ct4 ,x is an inde/ructible "p ( ! nature ( man4 ,weak5$ x may be1 b x _c be de/roy$4 ,x is a ?read ( asbe/os 9 ! web ( ! s\l1 :i* all ! fires ( oppression _c consume4 ,) ! creation ( e human be+1 ,god creates ?is love ( lib]ty anew4 ,! slave %>es x ) 8 ma/]1 & x has desc5d$ into 8 bosom f ! same high s\rce4 ,:e!r dormant or wakeful1 x only awaits an opportunity to become ! ma/]+ impulse ( ! s\l4 ,civil w> is t opportunity4 ,"u oppression x bides its "t4 ,civil w> is ! fulness ( "t4 ,x is lit]al tru? t ! s\? fo/]s )9 its homes ?ree millions ( lat5t rebellions4 ,imb$d$ 9 a mat]ial spontane\sly combu/ible1 x laughs at fire4 ,has x any b>ri]s to keep ! _s ( lib]ty1 :i* has electrifi$ ! ,old ,_w1 f cross+ its own bord]s1 & quick5+ its bondm5 into mut9\s life8--n all ( !m1 b "o 9 t5 ?\s&1 "o 9 a hundr$ ?\s& ( !m4 ,if !re is no ,sp>tacus among !m1 ) 8 l(ty h]oism & 8 ma/]ly skill = attack & def5ce1 is ! race ( ,nat ,turn]s ext9ct1 :o1 9 _! religi\s mus+s1 & _! dumb melan*oly1 take ! impulses ( _! own passions = ! inspiration ( ,god1 &1 aft] pray] & ! eu*>i/1 proce$ to massacre & conflagration8 ,9 ignorant & imbrut$ m9ds1 a ?\s& motives "w :i* we _c div9e4 ,a ?\s& excitem5ts madd5 !m1 :i* we _c control4 ,x may be a text ( ,scripture1 x may be ! cont5ts ( a w9e vault2 b ! result w be ! same1--havoc :]ev] !re is weal?1 murd] :]ev] !re is life1 violation :]ev] !re is *a/ity4 ,let ?is wildfire ( a s]vile insurrection break out 9 b "o place 9 a /ate2 nay1 9 b t5 places1 or 9 five places 9 all ! fifte5 /ates2 & !n1 9 all _! l5g? & bread?1 !re w be no m quiet sleep4 ,n ,macbe?1 b ! angel ( retribution1 w 8murd] sleep40 ,! "m w clasp h] infant to h] brea/1 &1 :ile %e clasps x1 die a d\ble dea?4 ,b1 :]e w ! slaves f9d arms8 8,furor arma m9i/rat40 ,rage w supply _! weapons4 ,read ! hi/ory ( ^? slaves :o h escap$ f bondage2 m>k _! endurance & _! contrivance1 & let incr$ulity cease =ev]4 ,!y h hid !mselves "u cov]ts2 dug holes & burr[$ 9 ! e>? = concealm5t2 sunk !mselves 9 ponds1 & su/a9$ life by brea?+ ?r\gh a re$1 until _! pursu]s _h pass$ by2 w&]$ 9 8,dismal ,swamps10 f> away f ! habitations ( m52 almo/ fa/+ = =ty days & =ty nights1 l ,*ri/ 9 ! wild]ness2 cru%$ !mselves into boxes1 b ( half a c(f9's dim5sions1 to be nail$ up & transport$ hundr$s ( miles1 z m]*&ise2 &1 9 ?is horrible condition1 h endur$ hung] & ?ir/1 &1 /&+ ^u ! head1 )\t a groan or a sigh2--&1 w m51 :o devise su* ?+s1 & endure su* ?+s1 be balk$ 9 _! purposes ( hope & ( rev5ge1 :5 ! angel ( de/ruction1 9 ! =m ( ! angel ( lib]ty1 desc5ds into _! brea/s8 ,! /ate ( slav]y is always a /ate ( w>4 ,9 its deepe/ tranquillity1 x is b a truce4 ,active ho/ilities are liable at any h\r to be resum$4 ,civil w> betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\?1--any ?+ t br+s ! quick5+ idea ( fre$om home to ! m9d ( ! slave2 t supplies him ) facilities ( escape1 or immunities = rev5ge1--w unlea% ! bloodh\nds ( insurrection4 ,c y mu/] armies 9 secret1 & m>* !m 9 secret1 s t ! slave %all n "k t !y are mu/]$ & m>*$ to p]petuate 8 bondage1 & to ext5d ! bondage ( 8 race8 ,0 n ,major ,dade's :ole comm& suppos$ to be massacr$ ?r\gh ! trea*]y ( a slave8 ,a =ay )9 y\r bord]s places y 9 su* a relation to ! slave t y are helpless )\t him1 & 9 dang] ( assass9ation ) him4 ,he t def5ds slav]y by w>1 w>s aga9/ ! et]nal laws ( ,god1 & ru%es ^u ! ?ick bosses ( ,jehovah's buckl]4 ,su* are "s ( ! 8haz>ds0 :i* ! lead]s ( public op9ion at ! s\?1 ! legislators & guides ( m5 9 ?is d>k & p]il\s h\r1 are invok+ ^u !mselves & _! fell[s2 n = ! int]e/s ( ! :ole1 b = ! fanci$ int]e/s ( ! slavehold]s alone1 & aga9/ ! real int]e/ ( a va/ majority ( ! p4 ,may ,god give t wisdom to ! foll[]s :i* he seems n yet to h imp>t$ to ! lead]s4 ,sir1 9 ^! rem>ks1 ,i h /udi\sly ab/a9$ f e ?+ t seem$ to me l retaliation or unk9dness4 ,i c]ta9ly h suff]$ no purpos$ ^w ( crim9ation to pass my lips4 ,if ,i h utt]$ sev]e tru?s1 ,i h n s\ght = sev]e language 9 :i* to clo! !m4 ,:at ,i h said1 ,i h said z to a bro!r sleep+ on ! br9k ( a precipice1 :]e "o motion ( 8 tr\bl$ sleep+1 or ( 8 bewild]$ awak+1 might plunge him into rem$iless ru94 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h only to add1 t su* is my solemn & abid+ conviction ( ! "* ( slav]y1 t "u a full s5se ( my responsibility to my c\ntry & my ,god1 ,i delib]ately say1 bett] disunion1--bett] a civil or a s]vile w>1--bett] any ?+ t ,god 9 8 provid5ce %all s5d1 ?an an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y4 ,^u ! close ( ,mr4 ,mann's rem>ks1 ,,mr4 ,,burt1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 rose & said t he _h n int]rupt$ ! g5tleman f ,massa*usetts dur+ 8 spee*1 b he presum$ he did n wi% to h any error g =? "u ! sanction ( 8 "n2 & he !re=e call$ ^u him to retract :at he _h said 9 reg>d to slaves ev] be+ exempt$ f capital puni%m5t = crimes = :i* ! :ites 7 execut$4 ,he call$ ^u him also to )draw ! imputation t ! pecuni>y value ( ! slave 0 a motive = any su* diff]5ce 9 ! laws respect+ !m4 ,he rem>k$ t1 by ! laws ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 su* a di/9ction is n made4 ,i "k1 said he1 no in/ance 9 :i* x exi/s4 ,on ! contr>y1 slaves are puni%$ capitally = (f5ces t are n s puni%$ :5 committ$ by :ite m54 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 slaves h nev] be5 admitt$ to ! b5efit ( cl]gy = (f5ces at common law2 & ?us a slave is puni%$ capitally = maim+ or griev\sly beat+ a :ite man4 ,mr4 ,burt 0 also und]/ood to say t !re 7 8six or eight10 or 8eight or t510 (f5ces 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a = :i* slaves 7 puni%$ capitally1 b = :i* :ite m5 7 n4 ,,mr4 ,,mann repli$ t he _h /at$ :at he believ$ to be true2 b if he _h fall5 into any mi/ake1 he %\ld be mo/ happy to be correct$4 ,he 0 assur$ also by ! g5tleman f ,georgia1 on 8 left1 ,mr4 ,,toombs1 t no su* di/9ction exi/$ z he _h suppos$2 & x 0 b reasonable to believe t ^? g5tlem5 7 m conv]sant ) ! s\!rn laws ?an himself4 ,,mr4 ,,mann add$ t he1 7,mr4 ,mann17 c\ld n be expect$ to h ! /atute books ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates be=e him1 at t "t1 to meet s unexpect$ a d5ial4 ,nei!r c\ld he be expect$ by any honorable g5tleman to make a retraction until he _h "t to see :e!r ! gr\nd he _h tak5 7 t5able4 ,,note ,,by ,,mr4 ,,mann4 ,on repair+ to ! ,law libr>y to asc]ta9 :i* p>ty 0 "r 9 reg>d to ! above diff]5ce ( op9ion1 ! second book ,i op5$ conta9$ at lea/ ?ree cases1 :]e ! c\rts 7 au?oriz$ to s5t5ce a slave to be transport$ = ! commission ( an (f5ce1 = :i* a :ite man mu/ be unconditionally hung4 ,see ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,rev4 ,/at4 vol4 i4 *ap4 #c1 #cf1 #cg1 #ci4 ,( c\rse1 ! reason ( ?is diff]5ce is ! pecuni>y value ( ! slave4 ,hung1 he w\ld be wor?less2 transport$ to ,cuba1 he might br+ five hundr$ doll>s4 ,! law 0 =m]ly s 9 ,mr4 ,burt's own /ate4 ,9 ! sev5? volume ( ! ,/atutes at ,l>ge ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,no4 #cdd1 #e1 ,i f9d ! foll[+3 8,& :]eas1 x has be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! execution ( sev]al negroes = felonies ( a small] nature1 by :i* !y h be5 condemn$ to die1 has be5 ( great *>ge & exp5se to ! public1 & w cont9ue1 7if "s rem$y be n f\nd17 to be v *>geable & burd5some to ?is prov9ce2 ,be x !re=e enact$1 by ! au?ority a=esaid1 t all negroes or o!r slaves :o %all be convict$ & f\nd guilty ( any capital crime1 7murd] except$17 = :i* !y us$ to receive ! s5t5ce ( dea?1 z ! law directs1 %all be transport$ f ?is prov9ce1 by ! public receiv] = ! "t be+1 to any o!r ( 8 maje/y's plantations1 or o!r =eign "p1 :]e he %all ?9k fitt+ to s5d !m1 = ! use ( ! public40 ,! slave condemn$ to transportation 0 to be apprais$1 & 8 ma/] paid out ( ! public treasury1 & ?is am\nt 01 ( c\rse1 to be reimburs$ by :at %\ld be receiv$ f ! =eign sale4 ,f ! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,burt1 t no su* law n[ exi/s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,i suppose ! above enactm5t mu/ h be5 repeal$4 ,! fact /at$ 9 ! spee* is !re=e prov$1 al?\gh ! in/ances may be few] ?an ,i _h suppos$4 ,z to ! motive attribut$1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,! cases are mo/ num]\s 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e :ite m5 are m]ely imprison$ = (f5ces = :i* slaves are :ipp$1 br&$1 & cropp$1 or o!rwise corporally puni%$4 ,! slave's "t is too valuable to be lo/ 9 a prison1 b ! :ite man's is n2 ! :ite man's sk9 is too sacr$ to be flay$ or br&$1 b ! slave's is n4 ,b laws :i* puni% 8six or eight10 or 8eight or t510 or any o!r numb] ( (f5ces ) dea?1 :5 committ$ by slaves1 :ile ! same (f5ces receive a mild] p5alty :5 committ$ by :ites2 or laws d5y+ ! b5efit ( cl]gy1 7:]e t relic ( b>b>ism /ill prevails17 to a slave1 :ile x is grant$ to a :ite man1 are surely among ! greate/ atrocities record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race4 ,pond] = a mom5t ^u ! accurs$ fact4 ,a freeman act+ "u all ! motives to self-respect2 mov$ by all ! inc5tives to good conduct2 enjoy+ all ! means ( education2 inspir$ by all ! influ5ces ( ! gospel2 & capable ( compreh5d+ all ! p[]ful re/ra9ts & ! sublime rew>ds connect$ ) a h]eaft]1 exon]at$ f ! puni%m5t ( dea?2 :ile dea?1 9 all ! horrors ) :i* ignorance & sup]/ition c inve/ x1 is inflict$ ^u m5 :o are subject$ to bondage2 depriv$ ( all motive = honorable conduct2 deb>r$ f e av5ue to k by cruel p5alties2 bl9d$ to ! light ( ! gospel2 &1 9 a l& ( boa/$ ,*ri/ianity1 left 9 ! d>kness ( hea!nism6 ,^! are n ! cu/oms ( a lawless b&itti1 ( outca/s or r5egades1 b solemn enactm5ts ( /ate legislatures1 devis$ by tal5t & em95ce1 en=c$ & pres]v$ by ! olig>*ical few1 by ! virtual nobility & fl[] ( popul\s communities4 ,su* laws dem& a return ( five tal5ts1 "u p5alty ( dea?1 :]e only "o tal5t _h be5 confid$2 !y absolve him :o _h receiv$ five tal5ts1 ?\gh he br+s none ( !m back4 ,su* laws make ! ,scriptures read1 t ! s]vant :o kn[e? 8 "l's w1 b doe? x n1 %all be beat5 ) b few /ripes2 b ! s]vant :o did n "k x1 :om 8 v ma/] deb>r$ f kn[+ x1 %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes2 = unto :omsoev] mu* is giv51 b little %all be requir$2 b to :om m5 h committ$ mu*1 ( him little %all be ask$4 ,:at %all be ?\ght ( a sy/em1 ,,& ,,( ,,ext5d+ ,a ,,sy/em1 :i* s p]v]ts ! he>ts ( m51 o!rwise cle>-head$1 high-m9d$1 & g5]\s6 ,:at m fitt+ !me c\ld be conceiv$1 7 ! ar*-enemy ( mank9d to compose a burlesque1 9 ridicule ( ,republics1 to be repres5t$ 9 t ,!atre :i* is all 8,pit08 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ! exi/5ce ( slav]y1 b its ext5sion1 we n[ int5d to av]t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! la/ p>agraph 9 ! =ego+ spee* gave rise to ! foll[+ correspond5ce1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]3-- ,,lett] ,,f ,,mr4 ,,mann4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors2 ,y\r pap] ( ?is morn+ conta9s a portion ( a spee* ( ! ,hon4 ,,mr4 ,,badg]1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 deliv]$ 9 ! ,s5ate on ! #ai? in/ant1 9 :i* he comm5ts ^u "s rem>ks lately made by me 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,! respect :i*1 7)\t any p]sonal acqua9tance17 ,i h long ent]ta9$ = ?is di/+ui%$ s5ator1 w\ld det] me f notic+ any su* miscontructions ( my rem>ks z a c&id m9d might inadv]t5tly commit2 b ! misrepres5tations :i* ! s5ator has made are s gratuit\s & gross1 t ,i am con/ra9$ to notice !m4 ,i !re=e ask ! favor ( a place 9 y\r pap]1 :]e he c answ] me1 if he pleases1 ?\gh he *ose a place = 8 animadv]sions :]e he knew ,i c\ld n answ] him4 ,! foll[+ is a passage 9 8 spee*3-- 8,nor1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 mu/ ,i =get t1 9 consid]+ ! effect :i* ?is proviso is likely to h ^u ! condition ( ! s\!rn m9d1 we mu/ look to :at has be5 said by nor!rn g5tlem5 9 connection ) ?is subject4 ,p]mit me to call ! att5tion ( ! ,s5ate to a v brief extract f a spee* deliv]$ 9 ! o!r end ( ! capitol3-- 8#8,9 conclusion1 ,i h only to add1 t su* is my solemn & abid+ conviction ( ! "* ( slav]y1 t1 "u a full s5se ( my responsibility to my c\ntry & my ,god1 ,i delib]ately say1 bett] disunion1 bett] a civil or a s]vile w>1 bett] any ?+ t ,god 9 8 provid5ce %all s5d1 ?an an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y4' 8,,sev]al ,,s5ators4 ,^: spee* is t8 8,a ,,s5ator4 ,mr4 ,mann's4 8,,mr4 ,,badg]4 ,we h he>d mu*1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ( ! viol5ce ( s\!rn declamation4 ,i h mo/ c>efully avoid$ read+ ! spee*es ( s\!rn g5tlem5 :o 7 suppos$ to be liable to t *>ge4 ,i happ5$1 h[ev]1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is session1 & be=e ! o!r ,h\se 0 organiz$1 to be 9 t body :5 !re 7 "s bur/s ( feel+ & d5unciation f s\!rn g5tlem51 :i* ,i he>d ) pa91 mortification1 almo/ ) angui% ( m9d4 ,b1 sir1 ^! 7 bur/s ( feel+2 ^! 7 passionate & excit$ decl>ations2 ^! _h e ?+ to plead = !m z be+ spontane\s & fi]y ebullitions ( m5 burn+ at ! mom5t "u a s5se ( wrong4 ,& :]e1 among ^!1 w y f9d any ?+ equal to ! cool1 calm1 delib]ate ann\ncem5t ( ! philosophic m9d t deliv]$ 9 ! o!r ,h\se ! passage :i* ,i h read3 #8,bett] disunion1 bett] a civil or a s]vile w>1 bett] any ?+ t ,god 9 8 provid5ce %all s5d1 ?an an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y4' 8,9 o!r words1 x is ! delib]ate1 settl$1 fix$ op9ion ( ! honorable g5tleman :o made t spee*1 t r ?an ! ext5sion ( slav]y "o foot1--yes sir1 !re is no qualification1 "o foot1--he w\ld pref] a disunion ( ^! /ates2 he w\ld pref] all ! horrors ( civil w>1 all ! mon/r\s1 untold1 & almo/ inconceivable atrocities ( a s]vile w>2 he w\ld pile ! e>? ) dead2 he w\ld light up heav5 ) midnight conflagrations2 all ?is1 yea1 & m1--all ! vials ( wra? :i* ,god 9 8 provid5ce might see fit to p\r d[n ^u u1 he w\ld suff]1 r ?an p]mit1 n "o man :o is n[ free to be made a slave1--t w\ld be extravagant en\gh1--b r ?an p]mit "o man :o n[ /&s ^u ! soil ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a a slave1 to /& a slave ^u ! soil ( ,new ,mexico3 8,yes1 sir1 "h is a sacrifice ( life & happ9ess1 & ( all t is de> to ! black & :ite races toge!r1 to a m]e idealism1--a sacrifice propos$ by a g5tleman :o claims to be a philosoph]1 & to speak ! language ( calm delib]ation1--a sacrifice ( our glori\s ,union propos$ by a patriot1--n r ?an freem5 %\ld be made slaves1--n r ?an ! condition ( ev5 "o human be+ %\ld be made worse ?an x n[ is1--b r ?an "o man %all remove f "o spot ( ! e>? to ano!r )\t an improvem5t ( 8 condition1 )\t pass+ f slav]y to fre$om4 ,sir1 aft] t ann\ncem5t1 ?us made1 :i* ,i beg to say1 sir1 ,i did n seek1--= ! spee* ,i h nev] read2 ! extract ,i f\nd 9 "o ( ! newspap]s ( ! day1--aft] t ann\ncem5t1 talk n ( s\!rn viol5ce1 talk n ( s\!rn egotism1 talk n ( our disposition to sacrifice to our peculi> notions & our peculi> relations1 ! peace & happ9ess1 ! gr[+ prosp]ity1 & ! mutual concord ( ?is great ,union4 ,n[1 sir1 if t ann\ncem5t goes abroad into ! s\!rn c\ntry1 att5d$ by ! wanton application ( ?is ,wilmot proviso1 an irritat+ comm5t>y ^u t patriotic ann\ncem5t1 :at c be expect$8 ,:at b ! deepe/ emotions ( indignation 9 ! bosoms ( ^? born & br\ght up :]e slav]y exi/s1 & tak+ totally diff]5t views ( ! in/itution f ^? :i* are tak5 by ! honorable g5tleman :o has plac$ himself ^u ?is cool & delib]ate1 humane & philosophical position40 ,by 8 own confession1 ,mr4 ,badg] _h n read my spee*4 ,he takes up a s+le s5t5ce1 !re=e1 = comm5t1 )\t ! ju/ice ( look+ at ! context4 ,he is l ! man :o %\ld decl>e t ! ,scriptures say 8!re is no ,god10 :5 x is ! fool1 & n ! ,bible1 t makes ! decl>ation4 ,my spee* discuss$ ! "q ( ext5d+ slav]y ov] our t]ritories & ! propos$ s\!rn rem$y = prohibit+ t ext5sion1 namely1 ! disunion ( ! /ates4 ,! conclusion to :i* ,i came 01 t ! nor? _h bett] submit to ! application ( ! s\!rn rem$y1 ?an to surr5d] ! new t]ritories to all ! horrors ( bondage4 ,beyond our pres5t limits 8no m slave t]ritories & no m slave /ates10 0 ! exact gr\nd ,i took4 ,b ,mr4 ,badg] repres5ts me z say+ t ,i w\ld 8pref] a disunion ( ^! /ates10 & all ! o!r evils 9 8 long & labor$ catalogue1 8r ?an ! ext5sion ( slav]y "o foot20 8yes10 he repeats ) emphasis1 8"o foot40 ,n[1 ,i nev] made su* a decl>ation z ?is4 ,i nev] said any ?+ to give c\nt5ance or color to su* a decl>ation4 ,_m p]sons1 see+ ! /atem5t ( ! honorable s5ator1 & rely+ ^u 8 "* = fairness & v]acity1 h believ$ t ,i did4 ,b he has l$ !m into ! error4 ,my argum5t & conclusion _h ref]5ce to new slave t]ritories1 or to a new slave t]ritory4 ,mr4 ,badg] con/rues1 or r miscon/rues ?is to mean 8"o foot40 ,if my spee* is fairly susceptible ( ?is con/ruction1 ,i wi% s f> to retract x4 ,he %all h my cons5t to a 8"o foot0 t]ritory1 & to z _m slaves z he c hold on x "u ! local law4 ,mr4 ,badg] fur!r *>ges me ) invok+ all ! calamities he enum]ates1 8r ?an p]mit "o man :o n[ /&s ^u ! soil ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a a slave1 to /& a slave ^u ! soil ( ,new ,mexico40 ,?is /atem5t is n m]ely =c$1 b fabricat$4 ,surely ,i said no su* ?+4 ,i intimat$ nor h9t$ at1 nor ?\ght ( su* a ?+4 ,!re may be little *oice :e!r any "o man :o n[ 8/&s a slave10 %all 8/& a slave0 9 "o place or 9 ano!r1 if t be all4 ,9 a national po9t ( view1 & look+ at ! subject z a /atesman1 ! s5tim5t imput$ to me is simply ridicul\s4 ,b ?is wrongful imputation ( su* a s5tim5t1 )\t sub/ance or semblance to ju/ify x1 is f> worse ?an ridicul\s2 x becomes unju/ & ung5]\s2 & is none ! less s = be+ made 9 a place :]e he knew ,i c\ld n repel x4 ,! :ole scope & /ress ( my argum5t w5t aga9/ yield+ any su* portion ( our new acquisitions to slav]y z w\ld =m ei!r a /ate or a t]ritory4 ,! eight or t5 s\!rn legislatures1 ! eight or t5 gov]nors ( s\!rn /ates1 ! s\!rn ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 & ! conf$]ates 9 gett+ up ! ,na%ville ,conv5tion1 h nev]1 to my k1 propos$ a compromise on ! plat=m ( a 8"o foot0 t]ritory1 or express$ _! read9ess to sp>e ! ,union if 8"o man :o /&s a slave 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a10 is p]mitt$ to 8/& a slave 9 ,new ,mexico40 ,:5 su* an issue is br\ght =w>d s]i\sly1 x w be met s]i\sly4 ,b ! real issue on ?is po9t is1 7& ! s5ator mu/ "k x17 :e!r ! victims ( slav]y %all be indef9itely multipli$ by ! addition to its doma9 ( regions n[ free4 ,t ! creation ( a new slave t]ritory w increase ! victims ( slav]y1 is a proposition too pla9 to be argu$4 ,to d5y ?is1 is to ass]t t if slav]y _h be5 conf9$ to ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 or to ! settlem5t at ,jame/[n1 :]e ! fir/ c>go ( slaves 0 l&$1 ! pres5t numb] ( slaves 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld be no less ?an x n[ is2 or1 9 o!r words1 !re w\ld n[ be ?ree millions ( slaves )9 ! limits ( ,virg9ia1 or )9 ! limits ( ,jame/[n4 ,i h made ?is reply to ! honorable s5ator f ,nor? ,c>ol9a ) great reluctance1 & f no motive ( p]sonal unk9dness4 ,i h long be5 accu/om$ to reg>d 8 "* ) respect1 & 8 op9ions ) def]5ce2 & ,i am happy 9 an opportunity to express a feel+ ( p]sonal gratitude = 8 =m] endeavors to av]t f ! c\ncils ( ! nation ! subject-matt] ( ?is mo/ lam5table cont5tion4 ,v truly1 y\rs1 c41 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,m>* #bh1 #ahej4 ,p4 ,s4 ,ano!r po9t 9 ! honorable s5ator's spee*1 9 :i* he attempts to v9dicate ! p5al slave code ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ( ! o!r ,s\!rn ,/ates f ! ta9t ( cupidity1 may be safely left )\t comm5t to intellig5t m54 ,e /ud5t ( ! crim9al legislation ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 reg>d to slaves1 kn[s t _! laws are replete ) pro(s :]e ! s5sibilities ( a man are sacrific$ to ! _s ( ga94 ,,footnotes3 #h ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahdg1 ,mr4 ,calh\n (f]$ a s]ies ( resolutions 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 among :i* 0 ! foll[+3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 our political cre$1 t a p1 9 =m+ a con/itution1 h ! unconditional "r to =m & adopt ! gov]nm5t :i* !y may ?9k be/ calculat$ to secure _! lib]ty1 prosp]ity & happ9ess2 &1 9 con=mity !reto1 no o!r condition is impos$ by ! ,f$]al ,con/itution on a /ate1 9 ord] to be admitt$ into ?is ,union1 except t its con/itution %all be 8republican20 & t ! imposition ( any o!r by ,congress w\ld n only be 9 violation ( ! con/itution1 b 9 direct conflict ) ! pr9ciple on :i* our political sy/em re/s40 ,9 su/a9+ ^! resolutions1 he said1-- 8,sir1 ,i hold x to be a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( our political sy/em t ! p h a "r to e/abli% :at gov]nm5t !y may ?9k prop] = !mselves2 t e /ate ,,ab\t to become a memb] ( ?is ,union has a "r to ,,=m ,,its ,,own ,,gov]nm5t ,,z ,,x ,,pleases2 & t1 9 ord] to be admitt$1 !re is b "o qualification1 & t is1 t ! gov]nm5t %all be republican4 ,!re is no express provision to t effect1 b x results f t important section :i* gu>anties to e /ate 9 ?is ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t40 ,mr4 ,s5ator ,d[ns1 ( ,l\isiana1 (f]$ ! foll[+ resolution3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t x is compet5t & exp$i5t1 & n inconsi/5t ) ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t 9 "s cases1 to admit ,cali=nia1 or su* portion ( x z ,congress may deem prop]1 imm$iately into ! ,union1 on an equal foot+ ) ! o!r /ates2 & t ! committee on ---- be in/ruct$ to report a bill = t purpose1 = t portion ( ,cali=nia :i* lies we/ ( ! summit ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada m\nta9s40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! doctr9e ( ^! resolutions 0 fully indors$ by ! ,wa%+ton ,union1 speak+1 d\btless1 7= x nev] spoke any ?+ else17 ! s5tim5ts ( ! !n adm9i/ration4 8,! s\? d5ies t ,congress has any jurisdiction ov] ! subject ( slav]y1 & cont5ds t ! p ( ! t]ritories alone1 :5 !y frame a con/itution1 prep>atory to admission into ! ,union1 h a "r to speak & be he>d on t matt]4 ,?is fact be+ settl$1 x really seems to u t ?is excit+ "q might be spe$ily adju/$1 if calm c\nsels prevail4 ,! s\? cont5ds = h] honor1 & = ! great pr9ciples ( non-int]v5tion & /ate equality4 ,:y1 !n1 _c all unite1 & p]mit ,cali=nia to come into ! ,union z soon z %e c frame a con/itution8 ,!n1 accord+ to ! doctr9es :i* prevail on bo? sides ( ,mason's & ,dixon's l9e1 %e may con/itutionally e/abli% h] dome/ic in/itutions on any basis consi/5t ) republican pr9ciples4 ,! s\? c\ld lose no?+ by adopt+ ?is c\rse4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e w\ld save all = :i* %e cont5ds40 ,,mr4 ,,badg]',s ,,reply4 ,,to ,,! ,,editors ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,intellig5c]2 ,a communication 9 y\r pap] ( ye/]day1 f ! ,hon4 ,,horace ,,mann1 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 seems to require a brief notice f me4 ,! honorable g5tleman accuses me ( hav+ treat$ him ) gross inju/ice 9 a rec5t spee*1 9 :i* ,i ref]r$ to ! clos+ p>agraph ( a spee* ( 81 & made "s comm5ts !reupon4 ,n[1 9 :at consi/s ! inju/ice8 ,i quot$ t p>agraph f 8 spee*1 & he does n d5y t x 0 quot$ truly4 ,!re is n a ^w or syllable attribut$ to him1 n a ^w or syllable alleg$ or ins9uat$ to h be5 spok5 by him1 except t p>agraph1 & t he admits 0 spok5 & pr9t$ by him j z ,i quot$ x4 ,!n1 9 ! /atem5t ( 8 language1 ,i h done him no inju/ice4 ,9 my comm5ts1 ,i gave 89 o!r words10--9 my own words1--:at ,i deem$ a true int]pretation ( 82 &1 z ,i attribut$ to him no language :i* he did n use2 z e ?+ to :i* he objects is1 & ^u ! face ( my rem>ks pla9ly purports to be1 m]ely my own comm5t>y ^u ! s+le quotation correctly tak5 f ! g5tleman's spee*1 x is v obvi\s t ,i h 8fabricat$0 no?+4 ,:e!r ! int]pretation giv5 to ! honorable g5tleman's language be correct or incorrect1 a j c>ry+ ( x out to its true results1 or an unfair exagg]ation1 intellig5t m5 w be able to decide f ! read+ ( my spee*1 :i* pres5ts toge!r bo? ! text & ! comm5t>y1 & to !m ,i am will+ to leave x4 ,b ! g5tleman says t 9 8 spee* he 8discuss$ ! "q ( ext5d+ slav]y ov] our t]ritories10 & t 8no m slave t]ritories & no m slave /ates 0 ! exact gr\nd0 he took4 ,& :at has t to d ) ! matt] ( 8 compla9t aga9/ me8 ,i ref]r$ n to 8 discussion1 or ! gr\nds tak5 9 x4 ,i 0 n consid]+ ! c\rse or validity ( 8 reason+1 b ! conclusion at :i* he arriv$4 ,t 0 set d[n 9 8 spee* 9 ^! words3-- 8,9 conclusion1 ,i h only to add1 t su* is my solemn & abid+ conviction ( ! "* ( slav]y1 t1 "u a full s5se ( my responsibility to my c\ntry & my ,god1 ,i delib]ately say1 bett] disunion1--bett] a civil or a s]vile w>1--bett] any ?+ t ,god 9 8 provid5ce %all s5d1 ?an an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y40 ,"h is no ref]5ce to any p>ticul> degree1 k9d1 or mann] ( ext5d+ slav]y4 ,he speaks n ( ! 8propos$ or desir$ ext5sion10 ( 8ext5sion into our t]ritories10 or ev5 ( 8! ext5sion10 b he speaks ( 8an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y10 )\t a ref]5ce to any ?+ 9 ! spee* or else:]e by :i* ! g5]ality ( 8 language might be modifi$ or expla9$4 ,to ref]1 !re=e1 to ! spee* 9 ord] to und]/& ! import ( ?is g5]al conclusion1 is idle4 ,if ! reason+ 9 ! spee* be p>ticul>1 & ! d$uction g5]al1 !re w\ld be ! logical defect ( a conclusion too l>ge = ! premises1 b ! mean+s ( ! conclusion w\ld rema91 & ! want ( reason+ to support x w\ld n abate aught ( its unmitigat$ & sweep+ g5]ality4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t1 :e!r support$ by any reason+1 p>ticul> or g5]al1 ! g5tleman's conclusion rema9s1 t disunion1 civil w>1 s]vile w>1 ) c]ta9 undef9$ judgm5ts ( ,heav5 besides1 are pref]able to 8an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y20 b ! indef9ite article 8an0 is "h exactly equival5t to 8any10 & !re=e :atev] am\nts to 8any ext5sion10 h[ev] small1--a squ>e mile1 or acre1 or foot1--is /rictly )9 ! mean+ ( ! language :i* he has ?\ght prop] delib]ately to reta9 9 8 pr9t$ spee*4 ,b ,i accept will+ly ! explanation n[ giv5 ( 8 mean+1 & only regret t1 :5 writ+ out 8 spee*1 he did n !n give ! explanation :i* conv]ts 8 g5]al into a p>ticul> proposition4 ,by ?is explanation ,i le>n t1 9 8 conclusion1 he meant to speak n ( any ext5sion1 h[ev] small1 b ( an ext5sion ( slav]y 9 our t]ritories4 ,!n ! g5tleman's conclusion1 z modifi$ by himself1 w be ?us3 8,bett] disunion10 ! dissolution ( our gov]nm5t & de/ruction ( ! ,union =m$ by our fa!rs2 8bett] a civil or a s]vile w>10 ! mo/ disa/r\s1 f]oci\s1 & cruel ( all w>s2 8bett] any ?+ t ,god 9 8 provid5ce %all s5d10 = example1 pe/il5ce & fam9e2 8?an an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y0 ov] our t]ritories6 ,i *e]fully submit to all 8intellig5t m510 if !y are at ! same "t humane & patriotic1 to pass ^u su* a s5tim5t4 ,to 8 own intellig5t1 patriotic1 & humane con/itu5ts1 ,i submit x1 ) entire confid5ce t x w n meet _! approval2 b1 on ! contr>y1 t !y w reg>d ! honorable g5tleman z hav+ be5 betray$ by ! p]vad+ excitem5t on ! slav]y "q1 into an extravagant1--,i w n say fanatical1--decl>ation1 :i* he is n able to def5d1 or will+1 z yet1 to retract or qualify4 ,i _h believ$ t ! honorable g5tleman _h1 "u ! excit+ influ5ce ( discussion1 unconsci\sly done inju/ice to my own /ate1 b a rem>k add$ to 8 communication w\ld p]haps ju/ify me1 if incl9$ to judge unk9dly1 9 suppos+ t ! wrong 0 wilful4 ,b ,i am n s incl9$1 & draw no su* conclusion4 ,i inf]1 r1 t ! bewild]+ excitem5t "u :i* ! spee* 0 made has n yet pass$ away1 b /ill cont9ues to influ5ce unfavorably ! o!rwise cle> und]/&+ & fair & upright purposes ( ! honorable g5tleman4 ,,geo4 ,e4 ,,badg]4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,m>* #cj1 #ahej4 ,,mr4 ,,mann',s ,,rejo9d]4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors2 ,y\r pap] ( ?is morn+ conta9s a communication f ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,,badg]1 9 reply to m9e ( ! #bi? ultimo4 ,i ask y\r indulg5ce :ile ,i briefly answ] him4 ,my compla9t 01 t he _h tak5 half a doz5 l9es f my spee*1 & _h attribut$ a mean+ to !m1 9 "s respects odi\s1 9 o!r respects ridicul\s1 & 9 all respects unw>rantable4 ,by 8 own admission1 too1 he _h done ?is )\t read+ ! spee* itself2 :51 _h he accord$ to me ! ju/ice ( he>+ me be=e he condemn$ me1 he w\ld h f\nd t bo? subject-matt] & context confut$ 8 int]pretation4 ,8 fir/ reply is1 t he did n 8attribute0 to me 8a ^w0 nor 8a syllable0 :i* ,i did n use2 &1 repeat+ himself1 he adds1 t he did n 8allege0 or 8ins9uate0 a 8^w0 nor 8a syllable0 t ,i n[ d5y4 ,9 view ( ?is he asks1 ) an air ( triumph1 8,9 :at consi/s ! inju/ice80 ,i answ]1 z be=e2 ! inju/ice consi/s 9 giv+ a false mean+ to true 8words0 & 8syllables10--a mean+ :i* bo? ! subject-matt] & context ( my spee* repudiate4 ,i d n see t x is less unju/ifiable to atta* false mean+s to words correctly quot$1 ?an to =ge quotations4 ,surely1 ! honorable s5ator is too good a lawy] to be ignorant ( ! maxim1 8qui hret 9 lit]a0 c42 & too good a !ologian n to h read t 8! lett] kille?0 if divorc$ f ! _s4 ,:5 ,beaumont & ,flet*] 7 closet$ toge!r to devise ! plan ( "o ( _! jo9t plays1 9 :i* a k+ 0 to be kill$1 !y 7 sev]ally ov]he>d to say1 8,i w kill ! k+10 & 8,i w kill ! k+20 :]eupon !y 7 arre/$1 transport$ to ,london1 & arraign$ = conspir+ ! dea? ( ! reign+ sov]eign4 ,suppose !m to h be5 convict$ ( treason & gibbet$2 c\ld n ! p]jur$ in=m]1 ) a *>m+ & *ildlike simplicity1 h us$ ! exact language ( ,mr4 ,,badg]1 & said1 ,i te/ifi$ to ! exact 8words0 & 8syllables40 8,9 :at consi/s ! inju/ice80 ,b ! honorable s5ator goes on to say1 t he _h no conc]n ) my spee*1 b only ) my conclusion4 ,8 language is1 8,i 0 n consid]+ ! c\rse or validity ( 8 reason+1 b ! conclusion at :i* he arriv$40 ,he !n repeats ! quotation1 & adds1 8,to ref]1 !re=e1 to ! spee* 9 ord] to und]/& ! import ( ?is conclusion1 is idle40 ,) all def]5ce to ! s5ator1--& m9e is unfeign$ly great1--,i submit t ?is is false logic & worse e?ics4 ,z well may "o decl>e ! judgm5t ( a c\rt to be legal or illegal1 m]ciful or tyrann\s1 )\t look+ back to ! allegations & pro(s on :i* x is f\nd$4 ,z well may "o affirm or d5y ! 8,q4 ,e4 ,d40 ( ! geomet]1 )\t ref]5ce to ! problem or demon/ration to :i* x is subjo9$4 ,:5 a discussion exi/s respect+ 8an ext5sion ( ! b\nds ( slav]y10 7& ^! 7 my words17 & ,i say t ,i w\ld pref] c]ta9 enum]at$ evils r ?an ! ext5sion 9 controv]sy1 x surely becomes all-important to "k :e!r t ext5sion is to embrace ! :ole e>? & to ext5d ?r\gh all "t1 or :e!r x is only ! addition ( "o atom or granule to exi/+ slave t]ritory1 or ( "o respiration1 or "o he>t-beat ( an exi/+ slave1 on t]ritory n[ free4 ,i affirm1 !n1 t a k ( ! premises is indisp5sable to a judgm5t on ! conclusion4 ,b he accepts my explanation1 & !n appeals f me to :at he is pleas$ to call1 7& ,i ?ank him = ! ju/ice t prompt$ ! well-des]v$ complim5t17 my 8intellig5t1 patriotic1 & humane con/itu5ts10--8) entire confid5ce t x w n meet _! approval40 ,i gladly jo9 9 ?is appeal4 ,z 8intellig5t0 m51 my con/itu5ts =esee t ! ext5sion ( slav]y ov] our t]ritories w n only be an unspeakable crime 9 itself1 b w be conv]t$ into ! means ( future unspeakable crimes 9 fur!r ext5sions4 ,z 8patriotic0 m51 !y pref] to be> any calamity t may come ^u !mselves1 r ?an to devolve accumulat$ calamities1 gr[+ out ( _! own d]eliction f duty1 ^u _! po/]ity4 ,z 8humane0 m51 !y w\ld deprecate & =ef5d t greate/ ( inhumanities1 ! doom+ ( increas$ ?\s&s & millions ( _! fell[-m5 to ! dreadful inh]itance ( bondage4 ,& z religi\s m51--z m5 :o 8tremble :5 !y reflect t ,god is j1 & t 8 ju/ice w n sleep =ev]10--!y mean to use all con/itutional means to arre/ ! slave-creat+ & slave-ext5d+ policy ( ?is gov]nm5t1 let ! two or ?ree hundr$ ?\s& slavehold]s among our tw5ty millions ( p d :at !y w4 ,t ! be>+s ( ! subject may be rightly und]/ood1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t my spee* 0 made on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1 aft] t5 weeks ( ?reat5$ disunion on c]ta9 specifi$ & n improbable cont+5cies4 8,my conclusion10 !re=e1 0 n aggressive1 b submissive4 ,i only decl>$ :i* bran* ( _! pr(f]$ alt]native ,i %\ld pref]4 ,! clos+ p>agraph ( ! respect$ s5ator's communication alludes to ! motives ( ^? wide & pa9ful diff]5ces :i* are made betwe5 ! :ites & ! slaves 9 ! crim9al legislation ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,no?+ c\ld be m edify+1 z to ! demoraliz+ nature ( slav]y & its effects ^u m51 :o1 l ! s5ator1 are o!rwise honorable & g5]\s1 ?an a comp>ison ( ! two codes ( law & ! two sy/ems ( jurisprud5ce :i* ! rul]s h respectively e/abli%$ = !mselves & = _! bondm54 ,! laws or cu/oms kn[n to civiliz$ m5 & to b>b>ians are n m div]se4 ,x w\ld be ra% & reckless 9 me to enc\nt] ! di/+ui%$ s5ator on any o!r subject2 b on ?is ,i w\ld say1 z 0 said by a knight 9 an old t\rnam5t1 t he _h su* confid5ce 9 ! ju/ness ( 8 cause t he w\ld give 8 adv]s>y ! advantage ( sun & w9d4 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,april #a1 #ahej4 ,,lett]s ,,on ,,! ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,slav]y ,,into ,,cali=nia ,,& ,,new ,,mexico2 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,congress ,,to ,,provide ,,! ,,trial ,,by ,,jury ,,= ,,alleg$ ,,fugitive ,,slaves4 ,,hon4 ,,horace ,,mann2 ,de> ,sir1--,hav+ le>n$ t y are sp5d+ a few days at home1 & approv+ ! c\rse y h pursu$ 9 ,congress1 9 ma9ta9+ s ably ! s5tim5ts & convictions :i* we ma9ta9 & *]i% on ! great national que/ions ( ! day1 we respectfully reque/ y1 be=e return+ to ,wa%+ton1 to give y\r con/itu5ts an opportunity ( he>+ some:at m at l5g? ?an ! h\r rule w\ld all[1 y\r views & op9ions ^u ! "q ( ! imm$iate admission ( ,cali=nia1 & o!r que/ions n[ be=e ,congress1 aris+ out ( ! acquisition ( t]ritory by ! treaty ) ,mexico4 ,%\ld y comply ) our reque/1 please "n "s day :i* w be conv5i5t = y1 t we may give seasonable notice ?r\gh y\r di/rict4 ,d$ham4 ,,james ,,ri*>dson1 ,i4 ,,clevel&1 ,,john ,,g>dn]4 ,roxbury4 ,,david ,a4 ,,simmons1 ,g4 ,r4 ,,russell1 ,,joseph ,h4 ,,bill+s1 ,l4 ,m4 ,,s>g5t1 ,,john ,j4 ,,cl>ke1 ,,jos4 ,n4 ,,brew]1 ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,crafts1 ,,wm4 ,,cap51 ,,francis ,,hilli>d1 ,,daniel ,,jackson1 ,j4 ,b4 ,,kettell4 ,brookl9e4 ,,*>les ,,wild1 ,,m>%all ,,/e>ns1 ,,wm4 ,,de>born1 ,g4 ,,griggs1 ,,david ,,wild]1 ,jr41 ,g4 ,f4 ,,hom]4 ,dor*e/]4 ,e4 ,,%>pe1 ,n4 ,f4 ,,saf=d1 ,j4 ,g4 ,,nazro4 ,brighton1 ,j4 ,,breck4 ,foxboro'1 ,a4 ,,hodges4 ,walpole1 ,a4 ,,bigel[4 ,r&olph1 ,j4 ,,wales4 ,qu9cy1 ,l4 ,,ri*>ds4 ,frankl91 ,l4 ,,h>d+4 ,/\ghton1 ,j4 ,,smi?4 ,milton1 ,j4 ,,re$4 ,cohasset1 ,,geo4 ,,beal4 ,newton4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,dy]1 ,r4 ,e4 ,,patt]son1 ,w4 ,s4 ,,:itwell4 ,h+ham4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,cu%+4 ,april #bc;d1 #ahej4 ,,lett] ,i4 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,may #c1 #ahej4 ,to ! ,hon4 ,james ,ri*>dson1 ,i4 ,clevel&1 & ,john ,g>dn]1 ( ,d$ham2 ,hon4 ,d4 ,a4 ,simmons1 ,john ,j4 ,cl>ke1 ,francis ,hilli>d1 & ,george ,r4 ,russell1 ( ,roxbury1 c41 c4 ,,g5tlem52 ,hav+ be5 call$ home on acc\nt ( sickness 9 my family1 ,i h j receiv$1 at ?is place1 y\r k9d invitation to meet & address my con/itu5ts ( ! #h? ,congressional ,di/rict1 & to give !m my 8views & op9ions ^u ! "q ( ! imm$iate admission ( ,cali=nia1 & o!r que/ions n[ be=e ,congress1 aris+ out ( ! acquisition ( t]ritory by ! treaty ) ,mexico40 ,a reque/ f s high a s\rce has almo/ ! =ce ( a comm&4 ,yet ,i d>e n promise to comply4 ,i am liable at any mom5t to be recall$1 &1 in/ead ( speak+ "h1 to vote !re1 ^u ! que/ions to :i* y ref]4 ,i might be summon$ to return on ! day appo9t$ = u to meet4 ,! only alt]native1 !re=e1 :i* is left me1 is to address y by lett]4 ,?is ,i w d1 if ,i c f9d "t4 ,i %all ?us comply ) y\r reque/1 9 sub/ance1 if n 9 =m4 ,on _m acc\nts1 ,i h ! extreme/ reluctance to appe> be=e ! public on ! pres5t occasion4 ,my views1 on "s vital que/ions1 diff] mo/ mat]ially f ^? ( g5tlem5 = :om ,i h felt ! pr(\nde/ respect2 & = "s ( :om ,i *]i% ! /ronge/ p]sonal atta*m5t4 ,b ,i feel1 on ! o!r h&1 t my con/itu5ts1 hav+ intru/$ to me "s ( _! mo/ preci\s int]e/s1 are entitl$ to "k my 8views & op9ions0 respect+ ! hopes & ! dang]s t encompass !m4 ,i %all n1 !re=e1 take ! responsibility ( decl9+4 ,i w premise fur!r1 t my relations to political p>ties1 = _m ye>s pa/1 h left me z free f all p>tisan bias 8z ! lot ( humanity w admit40 ,= twelve ye>s ,i held an (fice ^: duties requir$ me to ab/a9 f all active cop]ation 9 political conflicts2 & t duty 0 s religi\sly fulfill$1 t1 to my k1 ,i 0 nev] *>g$ ) its violation4 ,dur+ ! ,presid5tial conte/ ( #ahdh1 ^? obligations ( neutrality /ill re/$ ^u me4 ,= a ye> aft]w>ds1 ,i 0 n call$ ^u to d any (ficial act displeas+ to any p>ty among/ u4 ,?is int]val ,i employ$ 9 =m+ ! be/ op9ion ,i c\ld ( public m5 & measures1 & _! influ5ce ^u ! moral & indu/rial int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,i _h long ent]ta9$ mo/ decid$ convictions 9 favor ( protect+ ,am]ican labor1 9 favor ( *eap po/age1 & ( security to ! lives & prop]ty ( our fell[-citiz5s engag$ 9 comm]ce4 ,b a new "q _h aris51--! great "q ( fre$om or slav]y 9 our rec5tly acquir$ t]ritories1--& ?is "q ,i deem$1 = ! "t be+1 to be1 ?\gh n exclusive ( o!rs1 yet p>am\nt to !m4 ,or r1 ,i saw t no?+ c\ld be s favorable to all ! la/-nam$ int]e/s1 z ! prop] adju/m5t ( ! fir/4 ,he :o w\ld provide = ! welf>e ( mank9d1 mu/ fir/ provide = _! lib]ty4 ,sympa?iz+1 !n1 on diff]5t po9ts ) diff]5t p>ties1 b exclusively b\nd to none1 ,i /ood1 9 ref]5ce to ! great "q ( t]ritorial fre$om or slav]y1 9 ! position ( ! true "m 9 ! litigation be=e ,solomon1 pref]r+ t ! object ( my love %\ld be sp>$ 9 ! h&s ( any "o1 r ?an p]i% 9 my own4 ,our pres5t difficulties1 :i*1 z y well "k1 h arre/$ ! gaze ( ! nation1 & almo/ susp5d$ ! legislative functions ( ,congress1 p]ta9 to ! de/9y ( fre$om or ( slav]y1 to :i* our new t]ritories are to be devot$4 ,aft] ! acquisition ( ,l\isiana1 & ,florida1 & ,texas1 = ! aggr&izem5t & security ( ! ,slave-p[]2 aft] ! aborig9al occupants ( ! soil ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h be5 slaught]$1 or driv5 f _! homes1 at an exp5se ( n less ?an a hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 & at ! inf9ite exp5se ( our national reputation = ju/ice & humanity2 & aft] ! area ( ! slave /ates has be5 made almo/ d\ble t ( ! free /ates1 :ile ! population ( ! free is ab\t d\ble t ( ! slave2 ! reasons seem s /rong t !y c h>dly be made /rong]1 :y ! c>e] ( our gov]nm5t1 z a slav]y-ext5d+ p[]1 %\ld be arre/$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! olig>*y :o rule ! s\?1 see+ t1 not)/&+ _! ri* & almo/ illimitable doma91 !y are rapidly fall+ beh9d ! nor? 9 all ! di/9ctive elem5ts ( civilization & well be+1--indu/ry1 temp]ance1 education1 weal?1--n only def5d ! ,upas t bla/s _! soil1 z ?\gh x 7 ! tree ( life1 b seek to transplant x to o!r l&s4 ,) b ab\t ?ree slaves to a squ>e mile1--?ree millions ( slaves to ne>ly a million ( squ>e miles1--!y say !y are too cr[d$2 t !y feel a s5se ( suffocation1 & mu/ h m room1 :5 all _! weakness & pa9 proce$1 n f ! limit$ quantity1 b f ! malignant quality ( ! atmosph]e !y brea!4 ,h5ce ! w> ) ,mexico1 comm5c$ & prosecut$ to add slave t]ritory & slave /ates to ! s\!rn section4 ,h5ce ! refusal to accept propositions ( peace1 unless t]ritory s\? ( latitude #cf #cj1 7! ,miss\ri compromise l9e1 s call$17 %\ld be c$$ to u4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! ,mexican negotiators propos$ to ins]t a prohibition ( slav]y 9 ! treaty ( cession1 & decl>$ t ! inquisition w\ld n be m odi\s to ! ,am]ican p ?an ! re9/itution ( slav]y to !m1 our m9i/]1 ,mr4 ,tri/1 told !m he w\ld n cons5t to su* a prohibition ?\gh !y w\ld cov] ! soil a foot deep ) gold4 ,& h5ce1 also1 ! det]m9ation ( a portion ( ! s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress to /op ! :ole ma*9]y ( ! gov]nm5t1 to sacrifice all ! great int]e/s ( ! c\ntry1 & assail ev5 ! ,union itself1 unless slav]y %all be p]mitt$ to cross ! ,rio ,gr&e & ent] ! va/ regions ( ! we/1 z x h]et(ore1 9 its aggressive m>*1 cross$ ! ,mississippi & ! ,sab9e4 ,ev5 9 #ahdf1 :5 ! w> aga9/ ,mexico 0 decl>$1 all m5 ( sagacity =esaw ! pres5t conflict4 ,c\ld t "q h be5 decid$ on its m]its1 or c\ld ! in/itutions to be plant$ ^u ! t]ritory we might acquire h be5 det]m9$ by ! unbias$ suffrages ( ! ,am]ican p1 no w> w\ld h be5 decl>$1 & no t]ritory acquir$4 ,b ! great political lead]s ( ! s\? expect$ to make up bo? = _! num]ical weakness & = ! inju/ice ( _! cause1 by connect+ ! "q ( slav]y ext5sion ) t ( future presid5tial elections & ) ! /rife ( p>ties4 ,!y promis$ !mselves t !y c\ld draw ov] lead+ nor!rn m5 to _! support1 by (f]+ !m ! ,tantalus cup ( presid5tial honors2 & !n1 by ! =ce ( p>ty cohesion & discipl9e1 insure ! support ( ! va/ desc5d+ scale ( (fice expectants4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t session ( ,congress1 x 0 di/9ctly decl>$ f a high s\!rn s\rce1 t ! s\? mu/ d mo/ = ^? nor!rn m5 :o w\ld d mo/ = !m4 ,a few words w make x app>5t h[ fai?fully ?is plan has be5 adh]$ to1 & h[ successful x may become4 ,no nor!rn ,democrat1 oppos$ to slav]y ext5sion1 c\ld expect ! support ( ! s\!rn democracy4 ,h5ce1 ,g5]al ,cass /epp$ promptly =w>d1 & decl>$1 9 8 ,ni*olson lett]1 t ,congress _h no p[] to exclude slav]y f ! t]ritories4 ,?is has be5 te*nically call$ 8 8bid10 or 8 8fir/ bid40 ,x 0 deem$ satisfactory by ! s\?2 =1 accord+ to _! philosophy1 ! relation ( ma/] & slave is ! natural or normal relation ( mank9d2 & !re=e1 :]e no prohibition ( x exi/s1 slav]y fl[s into free t]ritory z wat] runs d[n hill4 ,?is av[al ( ,g5]al ,cass 0 r5d]$ m signal & valuable to ! s\?1 because1 = ! great] "p ( 8 political life1 he _h tak5 oa?s1 held (fices1 & adm9i/]$ laws1 9 und5iable contradiction to ! decl>ation !n made4 ,! ord9ance ( #aghg 0 expressly recogniz$ by ! fir/ ,congress held "u ! con/itution1 see *4 #h4 ,x 0 modifi$ 9 "p1 & confirm$ z to ! re/2 & 9 hold+ (fices "u ?is1 ,g5]al ,cass _h laid ! f\ndation ( 8 honors & 8 =tune4 ,8 decl>ation1 !re=e1 aga9/ all int]diction ( slav]y1 made "u circum/ances s extraord9>y & 9 contradiction to ! :ole t5or ( 8 pa/ life1 0 hail$ ) acclamation by ! s\?1 & he 0 unanim\sly decl>$1 at ,baltimore1 to be ! accept$ c&idate ( ! democracy1 = ! (fice ( ,presid5t4 ,! common notion is1 t a man %[s 8 love = a cause by ! am\nt ( sacrifice he w make = x2 & z consi/5cy1 honor1 & tru?1 are ! mo/ preci\s elem5ts 9 "*1 he %[$ 8 devotion to ! s\? by sacrific+ !m all4 ,to ! honor ( ! ,:ig p>ty be x said1 !re 0 n a nor!rn man to be f\nd1 :o1 to ga9 ! support ( ! s\?1 w\ld esp\se its pro-slav]y doctr9es1 or inv5t any new read+ ( ! con/itution to give !m a semblance ( law4 ,h5ce1 at ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 no nor!rn ,:ig receiv$ ev5 s mu* z a complim5t>y vote4 ,! judicial em95ce ( ,judge ,mc,lean1 ! milit>y em95ce ( ,g5]al ,scott1 7 pass$ contemptu\sly by2 & ,mr4 ,web/]1 ackn[l$g$ to be ! greate/ /atesman ( ! age1 receiv$ b f\rte5 votes out ( almo/ ?ree hundr$2 & twelve ( ^! 7 f ,massa*usetts4 ,mr4 ,web/] _h spok5 m eloqu5t words = lib]ty ?an any o!r liv+ man1 & ?is di/+ui%$ neglect 0 d\btless int5d$ to tea* him ! lesson1 t ! pa? to presid5tial honors did n lie ?r\gh an advocacy ( ! rights ( man4 ,g5]al ,taylor 0 nom9at$ & *os54 ,he 0 und]/ood to take neutral gr\nd4 ,disc\nt5anc+ ! veto p[]1 if ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 :o are *os5 directly f & by ! p1 & ! ,s5ate1 :o are *os5 by ! /ates1 w pass a t]ritorial bill1 ei!r ) or )\t a prohibition ( slav]y1 he w approve x4 ,?is is ! common op9ion1 & ,i h no d\bt ( its correctness4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 a mo/ desp]ate ef=t 0 made at ! close ( ! la/ ,congress to provide a gov]nm5t = ! t]ritories ) no prohibition ( slav]y4 ,_h ,g5]al ,cass be5 elect$1 no su* ef=t w\ld h be5 necess>y1 = he 0 pl$g$ to veto a prohibition4 ,g5]al ,taylor 0 suppos$ to be pl$g$ to an opposite c\rse2 & h5ce ! /ruggle4 ,! facts mu/ be s fre% 9 ! recollection ( all1 t !y h>dly ne$ to be rec\nt$4 ,! ,h\se p]=m$ its duty to ! c\ntry & to fre$om1 by s5d+ t]ritorial bills to ! ,s5ate conta9+ ! prohibitory clause4 ,! ,s5ate1 equall+ ! nor!rn by its s\!rn votes1 & f> outnumb]+ ! ,:igs by its ,democrats1 left ^? bills to sleep ! sleep ( dea? ^u its table4 ,b dur+ ! clos+ h\rs ( ! session1 x foi/$ a provision = ! gov]nm5t ( ! t]ritories into ! g5]al appropriation bill2 & held out ! m5ace t ?is bill %\ld n pass at all1 unless ! t]ritorial clause %\ld pass ) x4 ,! flagiti\sness ( ?is proce$+ x is difficult to compreh5d & impossible to describe4 ,! appropriation bill is "o on :i* ! work+1 & ev5 ! cont9uance ( ! gov]nm5t1 dep5d4 ,)\t x1 ! ma*9]y ( ! /ate mu/ cease to move4 ,contracts by ! gov]nm5t to pay money mu/ be violat$4 ,(fic]s _c obta9 _! sal>ies4 ,families mu/ be left )\t subsi/5ce4 ,if long cont9u$1 all judges w\ld resign1 & c\rts be brok5 up2 & :5 ju/ice %\ld cease to be adm9i/]$1 viol5ce1 robb]y1 & e =m ( crime w\ld run riot ?r\gh ! l&4 ,besides1 an appropriation bill & a bill = ! gov]nm5t ( t]ritories h no congruity ) ea* o!r4 ,!y are n relevant4 ,nei!r is g]mane to ! o!r4 ,e "o kn[s x to be a common p>liam5t>y rule t :5 a proposition is submitt$ :i* is susceptible ( a division1 any "o memb] has a "r to dem& x4 ,all bills1 too1 = rais+ rev5ue1 mu/1 by ! con/itution1 orig9ate 9 ! ,h\se2 & ! ,h\se has z mu* "r to int]f]e to prev5t ! ,s5ate f ratify+ a treaty1 z ! ,s5ate has to ob/ruct ! passage ( a rev5ue bill by add+ to x extrane\s provisions4 ,x 0 ?is ef=t on ! "p ( ! ,s5ate to incorporate into ! appropriation bill a provision mo/ unrighte\s 9 itself & mo/ odi\s to ! free s5tim5ts ( ! nor?1 :i* l$ to ! protract$ session on ! night ( ! #c;d ( ,m>*1 #ahdi4 ,! c\rse ( ! pro-slav]y lead]s1 on t occasion1 resembl$ t ( a madman :o %\ld seize a tor* & /& ov] ! magaz9e ( a %ip1 & proclaim t he w\ld s5d m5 & vessel to de/ruction1 unless !y w\ld /e] = 8 port4 ,a portion ( ! ,h\se conf$]at$ ) ! majority ( ! ,s5ate 9 ?is unpr9cipl$ ma*9ation2 b ! l>g] numb] /ood undaunt$1 & aft] p]ils1 su* z s preci\s an int]e/ nev] be=e enc\nt]$1 ! pro-slav]y am5dm5t 0 /rick5 out1 & its *ampions 7 foil$4 ,?r\gh t memorable night ! fri5ds ( fre$om wre/l$ l ,jacob ) ! angel ( ,god1 & ?\gh ! session did n close until ! sun ( a ,sabba? morn+ %one full into ! w9d[s ( ! capitol1 yet a holi] "w nev] 0 done on t holy day4 ,x 0 ) a joy su* z no words c ev] express1 t ,i saw ! t]ritories rescu$ f ! clut* ( slav]y by ! expiration ( ! ,?irtie? ,congress4 ,i felt confid5t t :5 ! ,?irty-fir/ ,congress %\ld assemble1 x w\ld be "u bett] auspices1 & ) a /rong] phalanx on ! side ( fre$om4 ,9 reg>d to ,cali=nia1 ^? hopes h be5 fulfill$2 b ,i proce$ to /ate h[ !y h be5 ne>ly ext+ui%$ 9 reg>d to ! residue ( ! t]ritory4 ,our fir/ disa/] 0 ! election ( a mo/ adroit1 tal5t$1 & zeal\s pro-slav]y speak]4 ,a bett] organ = ! accompli%m5t ( _! purposes ! fri5ds ( slav]y c\ld n h f\nd2 nor ! fri5ds ( fre$om a m =midable oppon5t4 ,:il/ ! pro-slav]y *ampions ( ! s\?1 almo/ )\t di/9ction ( p>ty1 exult$ ov] ?is triumph1 x has be5 ! occasion ( mo/ lam5table crim9ations & recrim9ations at ! nor?4 ,s\!rn m5 ab&on all di/9ctions ( ,:ig or ,democrat = ! cause ( slav]y4 ,w\ld to ,god we c\ld d z mu* = ! cause ( fre$om4 ,! *oice ( a pro-slav]y speak] 0 imm$iately foll[$ by ! appo9tm5t ( mo/ ultra pro-slav]y committees4 ,"s ,free-,soil memb]s1 x is true1 7 plac$ ^u ^! committees2 b 9 ?is1 ! speak] only c>ri$ out m fully 8 own purposes & ^? ( 8 p>ty1 by putt+1 :at !y consid]$ z insane m51 into close cu/ody1 in/ead ( lett+ !m run at l>ge4 ,he %[$1 h[ev]1 ei!r a want ( c\rage 9 himself1 or ( confid5ce 9 8 *os5 gu>ds2 =1 on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia committee he detail$ a file ( five1 on ! judici>y committee a file ( f\r1 & on ! t]ritorial committee a file ( six /rong pro-slav]y m51 = ! safe keep+ ( "o ,free-,soil]4 ,)9 an h\r aft] ! ,h\se 0 organiz$1 ,mr4 ,root1 ( ,ohio1 submitt$ a resolution1 in/ruct+ ! committee on t]ritories to report t]ritorial bills prohibit+ slav]y4 ,_m true fri5ds to fre$om believ$ ?is movem5t to be ill tim$ & un=tunate2 & ?\gh ! ,h\se !n refus$1 by a h&some vote1 to lay ! resolution on ! table1 yet :5 x came up = consid]ation aga91 ! fir/ decision 0 rev]s$ by ab\t ! same majority4 ,!re is abundant pro( t ! latt] vote did n express ! true s5tim5t ( ! ,h\se4 ,n a few vot$ aga9/ ! resolution av[$ly because ( its pat]nity1--?us spit+ a noble son on acc\nt ( its obnoxi\s fa!r4 ,o!rs rep5t$ ( _! votes z soon z !y came to reflect t ! record w\ld g :]e _! explanation c\ld n accompany x4 ,b un=tunately x 0 too late4 ,!re /&s ! record1 to survive ?r\gh all "t & to be read ( all m54 ,! *ampions ( slav]y seiz$ ^u ?is vote z a propiti\s om54 ,!y d]id$ & sc\t$ ! proviso ) a fi]c5ess unkn[n be=e4 ,!y %\t$ _! ?reats ( disunion ) a m defiant tone1 %\ld any attempt at :at !y call$ its resurrection1 be made4 ,a spee* 0 deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,cl+man1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 :i* a massacre ( a majority ( ! ,h\se 0 di/9ctly %ad[$ =?1 s t n 8a quorum %\ld be left to d bus9ess40 ,! effect ( t vote 0 almo/ z bad z ?\gh x meant :at x said4 ,at a lat] day1 :5 a bill = ! admission ( ,cali=nia 0 pres5t$1 ! tactics ( delay 7 resort$ to1 & midnight f\nd u call+ ! yeas & nays1 = m ?an ! ?irtie? "t1 on que/ions ^: frivol\sness & vexati\sness _c be indicat$ by numb]s4 ,! proce$+s 9 ! ,s5ate1 h[ev]1 are ^? :i* n[ ?reat5 ! mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,e>ly 9 ! session1 9 ord] to br+ 8 nor!rn fri5ds up to ! doctr9e t x is uncon/itutional to legislate aga9/ slav]y 9 ! t]ritories1 ,g5]al ,cass made a spee*1 9 :i* he d5ies t ,congress has any p[]1 "u any circum/ances1 to pass any law respect+ _! inhabitants4 ,accord+ to t spee*1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates /&s 9 ! relation ( a =eign gov]nm5t to ! p ( its own t]ritories2 & if !y set up a k+ or e/abli% a religion1 we _c help x2 = we h no m p[] or "r to control !m ?an we h ! subjects ( ,great ,brita9 or ! citiz5s ( ,france4 ,x has be5 said t ! doctr9e ( ,g5]al ,cass & t ( ,g5]al ,taylor1 on ?is subject1 are id5tical2 b !re is ?is all-important diff]5ce betwe5 !m3--,g5]al ,taylor ma9ta9s ! "r ( ,congress to legislate = ! t]ritories1 & w d\btless approve any bill = ! prohibition ( slav]y 9 !m2 b ,g5]al ,cass1 d5y+ ?is "r 9 ,congress1 w\ld1 if ,presid5t1 veto su* a bill4 ,he1 !re=e1 w\ld leave ! t]ritories op5 to be invad$ & possess$ by slav]y2 & 9 s\!rn law & practice possession is m ?an n9e po9ts4 ,next came ,mr4 ,clay's compromise resolutions1 s call$4 ,by ^!1 ,cali=nia 0 to be admitt$ z a /ate2 ! t]ritories organiz$ )\t any re/riction ^u slav]y2 ! s\?-we/]n b\nd>y ( ,texas to be ext5d$ to ! ,rio ,gr&e2 a "p ( h] t5 or twelve million debt to be paid by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on condition ( h] ab&on+ h] claim to a "p ( ,new ,mexico ly+ ea/ ( ! ,rio ,gr&e2 ! abolition ( ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ! inviolability ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict d>+ ! good pleasure ( ,m>yl& & ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict2 m effectual provision = ! re/itution ( fugitive slaves1 & free traffic 9 slaves =ev] betwe5 ! /ates1 unless =bidd5 by !mselves4 ,a compromise is a settlem5t ( difficulties by mutual concessions4 ,let u exam9e ! mutuality ( ! concessions :i* ,mr4 ,clay's resolutions propose4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,cali=nia is to be p]mitt$ to rema9 free if ! t]ritories ( ,new ,mexico & ,utah may be op5$ to slav]y4 ,b ,cali=nia is free already2 free by h] own act2 free )\t any concession ( !irs1 & )\t any grace b ! grace ( ,god4 ,x is ma9ly occupi$ by a nor!rn population1 :o d _! own "w ) _! own h&s1 or _! own bra9s4 ,fifty h>dy gold digg]s f ! nor? w nev] /& all day knee deep 9 wat]1 %ovel e>?1 rock wa%]s1 c41 "u a broil+ sun1 & see a man ) 8 fifty slaves /&+ "u ! %ade ( a tree1 or hav+ an umbrella held ov] 8 head1 ) :ip 9 h&1 & )\t wett+ 8 da9ty glove1 or soil+ 8 japann$ boot1 pocket z mu* at night z ! :ole ( !m toge!r4 ,or1 r1 !y w nev] suff] in/itutions to exi/ :i* tol]ate su* unrighte\sness4 ,cali=nia1 !re=e1 is free2 z free z ,massa*usetts2 & ,mr4 ,clay might z well h said 9 t]ms1 t :]eas ,massa*usetts is free1 !re=e ,new ,mexico & ,utah %all be slave1 or run ! haz>d ( be+ s4 ,! next po9t ( ,mr4 ,clay's compromise is1 t ,texas %all ext5d h] s\?-we/]n b\nd>y f or ne> ! ,nueces to ! ,rio ,gr&e1 & %all receive1 probably1 "s six or eight millions ( doll>s = )draw+ h] claim to t "p ( ,new ,mexico :i* lies ea/ ( ! la/-nam$ riv]4 ,n[1 ,texas has no rightful or plausible claim to a foot ( all ?is t]ritory4 ,b suppose x to be a subject ( d\bt1 & !re=e ( compromise4 ,! mutuality1 !n1 consi/s 9 divid+ ! :ole t]ritory claim$ by ,texas1 & !n giv+ h] a valid title to "o portion ( x1 & pay+ h] = all ! re/4 ,texas1 or1--:at 9 ?is connection is ! same ?+1--slav]y surr5d]s absolutely no?+1 gets a good title to "s sev5ty ?\s& squ>e miles ( t]ritory1 & pay = z mu* m6 ,b :at r5d]s x almo/ incr$ible t any man c\ld sob]ly submit su* a proposition & d>e to call x a compromise1 is ?is3 ,all t "p ( ,new ,mexico :i* ,texas claims1 & :i* lies betwe5 ! p>allels ( #cf #cj & #db1 is1 by ! resolutions ( annexation1 to be =ev] free4 ,i %all consid] ! con/itutionality ( ^! resolutions by & by2 ,i n[ treat !m z valid4 ,n[ ! compromise proposes to buy ?is t]ritory1 s secur$ to fre$om1 & annex x to ,new ,mexico1 :i* is to be left op5 to slav]y4 ,we are to p]il all ! broad region betwe5 #cf #cj & #db1 & pay ,texas "s six or eight millions ( doll>s = ! privilege ( do+ s6 ,mr4 ,clay is n less em95t = 8 /atesman%ip ?an = 8 wagg]y4 ,7 he to succe$ 9 play+ (f ?is practical joke ^u ! nor?1 & 7 x n = ! horrible consequ5ces :i* x w\ld involve1 a ro> ( laught]1 l a feu de joie1 w\ld run d[n ! c\rse ( ! ages4 ,z x is1 ! laught] w be 8else:]e40 ,! next po9t p]ta9s to ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 & ! p]petuity ( slav]y1 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is ,di/rict has an area ( ab\t fifty squ>e miles2 & ,mr4 ,clay proposes1 9 consid]ation ( transf]r+ its slave m>ts to ,alex&ria1 on ! ,virg9ia side1 or to "s conv5i5t place 9 ,montgom]y or ,pr9ce ,george's c\nty1 on ! ,m>yl& side1 to dive/ ,congress =ev] ( its "r ( 8exclusive legislation0 ov] x4 ,%\ld ?is plan prevail1 ! p]petuity ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w be def5d$ by m unassailable & impregnable b>ri]s ?an any o!r in/itution 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,! ,presid5t has a veto ^u ,congress2 b two ?irds ( bo? ,h\ses may /ill pass any law1 not)/&+ 8 diss5t4 ,mr4 ,clay proposes to give1 bo? to ,m>yl& & to ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict1 a veto on ?is subject2--an absolute veto1 n a qualifi$ "o1 l t ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b "o t w control1 n majorities m]ely1 b an absolute unanimity 9 bo? bran*es ( ,congress4 ,by 8 plan1 !re=e1 ?ree sep>ate1 indep5d5t p[]s are to h a veto ^u ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,& n only s1 b :ile x w require _! jo9t or concurr5t action to aboli% ! in/itution1 any "o ( !m c pres]ve x4 ,! laws ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians _h no su* gu>anties = p]petuity z ?is4 ,mr4 ,clay's la/ po9t is really too faceti\s4 ,s solemn a subject does n p]mit su* long-cont9u$ levity1 h[ev] x may be mask$ by sobriety ( c\nt5ance4 ,x is1 t ,congress %all make m effectual provision = ! capture & deliv]y ( fugitive slaves2 &1 z an equival5t = ?is1 x %all b9d itself nev] to int]f]e ) ! int]-/ate traffic 9 slaves4 ,we are to cat* ! slaves ( ! ,s\?1 &1 z ?\gh ?is 7 a grateful privilege to u1 we are to all[ !m free comm]ce 9 slaves1 coa/wise or inl&4 ,by ?is means1 slaves c be transport$ to ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 & "s hundr$s ( miles up t riv]1 t[>ds ,new ,mexico1 in/ead ( be+ driv5 9 c(fles across ! c\ntry4 ,! compromise is1 t = e slave we cat*1 we are to facilitate ! passage ( a hundr$ into ,new ,mexico4 ,su* is ! mutuality ( ,mr4 ,clay's compromises4 ,!y are su* compromises z ! wolf (f]s to ! lamb1 or ! vulture to ! dove4 ,!y make ! rightful admission ( ,cali=nia into ! ,union1 ) h] free con/itution1 cont+5t ^u op5+ ! new t]ritories to slav]y2 !y ratify "o "p ( ! pr$atory claim ( ,texas1 & propose to give h] millions = ! o!r "p2 !y give an unconditional veto to ! /ate ( ,m>yl& & to ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ov] a unanim\s vote ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress1 ev5 :5 approv$ by ! ,presid5t2 9 connection ) ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill & ,mr4 ,mason's am5dm5ts1 !y expose our :ite citiz5s to griev\s p5alties & imprisonm5ts = n do+ :at ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has decid$ we are n b\nd to d1 9 relation to fugitive slaves1 & !y (f] our color$ citiz5s to be kidnapp$ & spirit$ away into bondage2 & !y =eclose1 9 favor ( ! s\?1 ! disput$ "q ( ! int]-/ate comm]ce 9 slaves4 ,9 "o p>ticul> only d !y appe> to conc$e any ?+ to nor!rn rights1 or nor!rn convictions1 or nor!rn feel+s4 ,!y propose to transf] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia slave trade across an ideal l9e into ,virg9ia or into ,m>yl&1 s t ! slave plant] or slave trad]1 :5 he comes to our ,am]ican ,congo to repl5i% 8 /ock ( human cattle1 %all be oblig$ to g a mile or two1 to ! slave m>ts1 in/ead ( walk+ d[n ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,i deem ?is to be no concession4 ,if x is honorable to produce corn & cotton1 x is honorable to buy & sell !m1--& if x is honorable to hold be+s creat$ 9 ,god's image 9 slav]y1 x is honorable to /& betwe5 ! produc] & consum]1 & to make m]*&ise ( ! bodies & ! s\ls ( m54 ,let ?is ,light ( ! ,age be set ^u a hill1 t all nations may behold x4 ,i w ref] to ,mr4 ,bell's resolutions no fur!r ?an to say1 t !y propose ! =mation ( ?ree slave /ates out ( :at is n[ claim$ by ,texas1 "o ( :i* is to be admitt$ into ! ,union =?) z an (fset to ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,bu*anan has n reg>d$ ! movem5ts ( 8 rival1 ,g5]al ,cass1 ) indiff]5ce4 ,he has sp5t a consid]able portion ( ! w9t] 9 ,wa%+ton1 & x is und]/ood t he holds out ! ,miss\ri compromise l9e1 f ! we/]n b\nd>y ( ,miss\ri to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 z 8 lure to ! s\?1 = _! favorable reg>ds 9 ! ensu+ presid5tial conte/4 ,9 a *ronological ord]1 ,i mu/ n[ consid] "s vitally important views1 :i* h be5 submitt$ by "s memb]s 9 ! ,h\se1 & by ,mr4 ,web/] & o!rs 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,9 m5tion+ ! "n ( ?is great /atesman1 & 9 av[+ t ,i am "o among ! _m :om 8 rec5tly express$ op9ions h fail$ to conv9ce1 x is due to myself1 h[ev] indiff]5t x may be to him or to 8 fri5ds1 t ,i %\ld express my admiration ( 8 p[]s1 my gratitude = 8 pa/ s]vices1 & ! diffid5ce ) :i* ,i diss5t$1 at fir/1 f 8 views4 ,b ,i h pond]$ ^u !m long1 & ! long] ,i h pond]$ ! m que/ionable !y appe>4 ,i %all !re=e v5ture ^u ! p]il\s task ( inquir+ into _! correctness2 & :ile ,i d x ) ! def]5ce & respect :i* belong to 8 "*1 ,i %all d x also ) t fidelity to consci5ce & to judgm5t t belong to m9e4 ,he is great1 b tru? is great] ?an u all4 ,i %all conf9e myself ma9ly1 & p]haps :olly1 to ,mr4 ,web/]'s views1 because he has argu$ ! cause ( ! s\? ) va/ly m ability ?an x has be5 argu$ by any "o among !mselves4 ,if 8 conclusions1 !n1 be n t5able1 _! case is lo/4#i ,mr4 ,web/] ca/s away ! 8,proviso0 altoge!r4 ,he says1 8,if a resolution or a law 7 n[ be=e u to provide a t]ritorial gov]nm5t = ,new ,mexico1 ,i w\ld n vote to put any prohibition into x :atev]40 7p4 #dd47 ,! reason giv5 is1 t slav]y is already exclud$ f 8,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico0 8by ! law ( nature1 ( physical geography1 ! law ( ! =mation ( ! e>?40 7p4 #db47 8,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico are ,asiatic 9 _! =mation & sc5]y4 ,!y are compos$ ( va/ ridges ( m\nta9s ( enorm\s height1 ) brok5 ridges & deep valleys40 7p4 #dc47 ,n[1 ?is is draw+ moral conclusions f physical premises4 ,x is argu+ f physics to metaphysics4 ,x is det]m9+ ! law ( ! _s by geographical ph5om5a4 ,x is und]tak+ to settle by m\nta9s & riv]s1 & n by ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 a great "q ( human duty4 ,x ab&ons ! second comm&m5t ( ,*ri/ & all bills ( rights enact$ 9 con=mity !reto1 & leaves our obligations to our 8neighbor0 to be det]m9$ by ! accid5ts ( e>? & wat] & air4 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r a p w obey ! ,div9e comm&1 & d to o!rs z !y w\ld be done by1 x looks at ! !rmomet]4 ,:at a problem w\ld ?is be3 8,requir$ ! height above ! level ( ! sea at :i* ! oppressor #8w undo ! heavy burd5s & let ! oppress$ g free1 & break e yoke1'--to be det]m9$ b>ometrically40 ,alas6 ?is _c be done4 ,slav]y dep5ds1 n ^u climate1 b ^u consci5ce4 ,:]ev] ! wick$ passions ( ! human he>t c g1 !re slav]y c g4 ,slav]y is an effect4 ,av>ice1 slo?1 pride1 & ! love ( dom9ation1 are its cause4 ,9 asc5d+ m\nta9 sides1 at :at altitude d m5 leave ^! passions beh9d !m8 ,diff]5t vegetable gr[?s are to be f\nd at diff]5t heights1 dep5d+ also ^u ! zone4 ,?is ,i c und]/&4 ,!re is ! altitude ( ! palm1 ! altitude ( ! oak1 ! altitude ( ! p9e1 &1 f> above !m all1 ! l9e ( p]petual sn[4 ,b1 9 reg>d to innoc5ce & guilt1 :]e is ! :ite l9e8 ,h[ high up c a slavehold] g & n lose 8 free ag5cy8 ,at :at elevation w ! :ip fall f ! h& ( ! ma/]1 & ! fett] f ! limbs ( ! slave8 ,!re is no su* po9t4 ,fre$om & slav]y on ! "o h&1 & climate & geology on ! o!r1 are incomm5surable quantities4 ,we might z well attempt to det]m9e a "q 9 !ology by ! cube root1 or a "q 9 e?ics by ! black art4 ,slav]y1 be+ a crime f\nd$ ^u human passions1 c g :]ev] ^? passions are unre/ra9$4 ,x has exi/$ 9 ,asia f ! e>lie/ ages1 not)/&+ its 8=mation & sc5]y40 ,x labors & groans on ! flanks ( ! ,ural m\nta9s n[4 ,!re are to-day =ty-eight millions ( slaves 9 ,russia1 n "o rood ( :i* comes d[n s l[ z ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico4 ,_h ,mr4 ,web/]'s philosophy be5 correct1 !n ,cali=nia 0 at sup]flu\s pa9s :5 %e incorporat$ ! ord9ance ( #aghg into h] con/itution4 ,in/ead ( say+ t 8slav]y & involunt>y s]vitude1 7except = crime17 %all be =ev] prohibit$10 %e %\ld h said1 8,:]eas1 by a law ( nature1 ( physical geography1 ! law ( ! =mation ( ! e>?10 8slav]y _c exi/ 9 ,cali=nia10 !re=e we w n 8reaffirm an ord9ance ( nature1 nor re5act ! w ( ,god40 ,%\ld x be said t slav]y w n g into ! new t]ritories1 because x is unpr(itable2 ,i ask1 ,:]e is x pr(itable8 ,:]e is ignorance s pr(itable z k8 ,:]e is ungodl9ess ga91 ev5 = ! ?+s ( ?is life8 ,h[ little is ! h& wor? at "o end ( an arm1 if !re is n a bra9 at ! o!r6 ,d n ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & o!r /ates1 furni% witnesses by ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s t slav]y impov]i%es8 ,yet ) :at en?usiasm !y *]i% x6 ,g5]ally1 ignorance is a necess>y concomitant ( slav]y4 ,( :ite p]sons1 ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age1 unable to read & write1 !re 71 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 #eh1ghg 9 ,virg9ia1 #ef1fji 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #eh1eac 9 ,t5nessee1 & s =?4 ,i h a lett] be=e me1 receiv$ ?is morn+1 dat$ 9 ,indiana1 9 :i* ! writ] says1 he remov$ f ,nor? ,c>ol9a 9 #ahjb1 :5 he 0 f\rte5 ye>s old1 & at t "t he _h nev] se5 a newspap] 9 8 life4 ,c !re be g5ius1 ! inv5tive tal5t1 or pr(itable labor1 :]e ignorance is s d5se8 ,c ! oppression t tramples out volunt>y indu/ry1 ent]prise1 intellig5ce1 & ! desire ( indep5d5ce1 conduce to ri*es8 ,yet ?is is done :]ev] slav]y exi/s1 & is "p & p>cel ( its work+4 ,is any o!r =m ( robb]y pr(itable8 ,yet individuals & communities h practis$ x & liv$ by x1 & we may z well rely ^u a 8law ( physical geography0 to arre/ ! "o z ! o!r4 ,x is n poetry1 b lit]al tru?1 t ! brea? ( ! slave bla/s vegetation1 8 te>s poison ! e>?1 & 8 groans /rike x ) /]ility4 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ :y ! ma/] does n ab&on slav]y1 ev5 amid ! desolation ) :i* x has surr\nd$ him4 ,!re is a comb9ation ( pov]ty & pride1 :i* slav]y produces1 on ! doctr9e ( natural appet5ce1 & :i*1 !re=e1 x exactly fits4 ,! helplessness ( ! ma/] 9 reg>d to all p]sonal wants seems to necessitate ! slav]y t has begott5 x4 ,all moral & religi\s pr9ciples are l[]$ till !y con=m to ! daily practice4 ,cu/om bl9ds consci5ce1 until1 )\t any attempt to emancipate or ameliorate _! victims1 m5 c prea* & pray & hold slaves1 z ,hamlet's grave digg] je/s & s+s :ile he turns up skulls4 ,b slav]y _c g into ,cali=nia or ,new ,mexico1 because _! /aple productions are n 8tobacco1 corn1 cotton1 or rice40 7p4 #dd47 ,^! are agricultural products4 ,b is slave labor conf9$ to agriculture8 ,suppose t pr$ial slav]y w n become common 9 ! new t]ritories4 ,_c m5ial8 ,if slaves _c d field "w1 _c !y d h\se "w8 ,!re is an op5+ = a hundr$ ?\s& slaves to-day 9 ! new t]ritories1 = purposes ( dome/ic labor4 ,& beyond ?is1 let me ask1 :o possesses any su* geologic vision t1 at a di/ance ( a ?\s& miles1 he c p5etrate ! valleys & gorges ( ,new ,mexico1 & say t gold w n yet be f\nd !re z x is 9 ,cali=nia1--n 9 s& & gravel only1 b 9 =ty-eight-p\nd]s & fifty-sixes8 ,?is is ! v k9d ( labor on :i* slaves1 9 all "t1 h be5 s ext5sively employ$1--! v labor on :i* a million ( slaves 9 ,hispaniola lo/ _! lives1 )9 a few ye>s aft] its discov]y by ,columbus4 ,gold deposits are n[ work$ )9 tw5ty-five miles ( ,santa ,fe4 ,! la/ acc\nt :i* ,i h se51 ( a company ( emigrants pass+ f ,santa ,fe to ,cali=nia by ! ,riv] ,gila1 ann\nces ri* discov]ies ( gold ^u t riv]4 ,a fell[-citiz5 ( m9e has j return$ home1 :o says he saw a slave sold at ! m9es 9 ,cali=nia1 9 ,septemb] la/4 ,z yet1 ! di/ant regions ( ! ,gila & ! ,colorado _c be work$1 because ( ! ,apa*es1 ! ,utahs1 & o!r tribes ( ,indians4 ,b admit slav]y !re1 & ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t w be invok$ to ext]m9ate ^! ,indians1 z x 0 be=e to ext]m9ate ! ,*]okees & ,sem9oles1--n to drive !m beyond ! ,mississippi1 b beyond ! ,/yx4 ,a few days s9ce a lett] 0 publi%$ 9 ! pap]s1 dat$ on bo>d a /eam] desc5d+ ! ,mississippi1 :i* /at$ t a consid]able numb] ( slaves 7 on bo>d1 b\nd = ,cali=nia1 "u an agreem5t ) _! ma/]s t !y %\ld be free aft] s]v+ two ye>s at ! m9es4 ,we "k1 too1 t ! reason assign$ = incorporat+ a provision 9 ! con/itution ( ,cali=nia1 au?oriz+ its legislature to pass laws = ! exclusion ( free blacks f ! /ate1 01 t slaves w\ld be br\ght !re "u ?is v =m ( agreem5t1 & by & by ! c\ntry w\ld be ov]spread by p ( color :o _h b\ght _! fre$om4 ,! sagaci\s m5 :o fram$ ! ,cali=nia con/itution came f all p>ts ( ! t]ritory1 &1 be+ collect$ on ! spot1 hav+ survey$ all its m\nta9s1 hav+ brea!d its air at all temp]atures1 & turn$ up its gold5 soil1--^! m5 _h nev] discov]$ any 8law ( physical geography0 :i* ! fell _s ( slav]y c\ld n transgress4 ,slaves 7 c>ri$ into ,oregon1 t5 degrees ( latitude high] up4 ,its coloni/s renact$ ! ord9ance ( #aghg be=e ,congress gave !m a t]ritorial gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! t]ritorial gov]nm5t t 0 giv5 !m1 ! prohibition 0 ins]t$2 & ,presid5t ,polk sign$ ! bill1 ) an express prote/1 t he ratifi$ ?is exclusion ( slav]y only because ! c\ntry lay nor? ( ! ,miss\ri compromise l9e2 b decl>$ t1 _h x embrac$ ! v region 9 "q1 he w\ld h veto$ ! bill4 ,g5]al ,cass nev] took ! gr\nd t slav]y c\ld n exi/ 9 ! new t]ritories2 & no inconsid]able "p ( ! opposition made to him 9 ,massa*usetts & 9 o!r free /ates1 0 plac$ expressly ^u ! gr\nd t he w\ld n prohibit x4 ,mr4 ,web/]1 9 8 ,m>%field spee*1 ,septemb] #a1 #ahdh1 oppos$ ! election ( ,g5]al ,cass1 because1 ?r\gh 8 recreancy to nor!rn pr9ciples1 slav]y w\ld invade ! t]ritories4 ,?is 0 express$ ) 8 usual cle>ness & =ce1 z foll[s3-- 8,he1 ,g5]al ,,cass1 w surely h ! ,s5ate2 & ) ! patronage ( ! gov]nm5t1 ) e int]e/ t he1 z a nor!rn man1 c br+ to be>1 cop]at+ ) e int]e/ t ! s\? c br+ to be>1 we cry safety be=e we are out ( ! woods1 if we feel t !re is no dang] z to ^! new t]ritories40 ,yet ,mr4 ,web/] n[ says1 t to support ! 8,proviso10 w\ld 8d disgrace to 8 own und]/&+40 7p4 #df47 ,dur+ ! same campaign1 also1 ! ,hon4 ,rufus ,*oate1 "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t m5 9 ,new ,engl&1 & kn[n to be ! p]sonal fri5d ( ,mr4 ,web/]1 deliv]$ a spee* at ,salem1 9 :i* ! foll[+ passage occurs3-- 8,x is ! passage ( a law to say t ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico %all rema9 =ev] free4 ,t is1 fell[-citiz5s1 und\bt$ly an object ( great & transc5d5t importance2 = !re is none :o w d5y t we %\ld g up to ! v limits ( ! con/itution itself1 & ) ! wisdom ( ! wise/1 & zeal ( ! mo/ zeal\s1 %\ld unite to accompli% ?is great object1 & to defeat ! always dete/$1 & =ev] to be dete/$ object ( ! d>k ambition ( t c&idate ( ! ,baltimore conv5tion1 7,g5]al ,,cass17 :o has v5tur$ to pl$ge himself 9 advance t he w veto ! future law ( fre$om2 & may ,god av]t ! madness ( all ^? :o hate slav]y & love fre$om1 t w\ld unite 9 putt+ him 9 ! place :]e 8 ?rice accurs$ pl$ge may be r$eem$6444 ,is !re a ,:ig ^u ?is floor :o d\bts t ! /r5g? ( ! ,:ig p>ty next ,m>* w insure fre$om to ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico1 if by ! con/itution !y are entitl$ to fre$om at all8 ,is !re a memb] ( ,congress t w\ld n vote = fre$om8 ,y "k !re is n "o4 ,did n e ,:ig memb] ( ,congress f ! free /ates vote at ! la/ session = fre$om8 ,y "k t e man ( !m return$ home cov]$ ) ! ?anks ( 8 con/itu5ts = t vote4 ,is !re a s+le ,:ig con/itu5cy1 9 any free /ate 9 ?is c\ntry1 t w\ld return any man t w\ld n vote = fre$om8 ,d y believe t ,daniel ,web/] himself c\ld be return$ if !re 0 ! lea/ d\bt ^u ! "q80 ,mr4 ,*oate !n adds3 8,^u ?is "q alone1 we always diff] f ^? ,:igs ( ! s\?2 & on t "o1 we propose simply to vote !m d[n40 ,mr4 ,web/] n[ says he w n jo9 9 vot+ !m d[n4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 is x frivol\s or capti\s to ask = some?+ m ?an a dogmatic ass]tion t slav]y _c impregnate ^! new regions1 & cause !m to bre$ mon/]s =ev]8 ,on a subject ( su* inf9ite importance ,i _c be satisfi$ ) a dictum2 ,i want a demon/ration4 ,i _c accept ! prophecy )\t inquir+ :at _s inspir$ ! prophet4 ,z a revelation f ,heav51 x w\ld be mo/ delightful2 b1 z x conflicts ) all human exp]i5ce1 x requires at lea/ "o und\bt$ miracle to atte/ ! div9ity ( its orig94 ,accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 !re 7 m ?an eight ?\s& p]sons ( ,african blood 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,aboli% ! moral & religi\s convictions ( our p1 let slav]y appe> to be 9 _! sight n only lawful & cr$itable1 b desirable z a badge ( ari/ocratic di/9ction1 & z a 8political1 social1 moral1 & religi\s bless+10 & :at ob/acle w\ld prev5t ^! eight ?\s& p]sons f be+ turn$ into slaves1 on any day1 by ! easy1 *eap1 & %or?& kidnapp+ ( a legislative act8 ,africans c exi/ "h1 = ! be/ ( all reasons1--!y d exi/ "h4 ,a /ate ( slav]y w\ld n /op _! respiration1 nor cause !m to vani% 8into ?9 air40 ,?9k1 = a mom5t1 ( ! compla9ts we con/antly he> 9 c]ta9 circles1 ( ! difficulty & vexati\sness ( comm&+ dome/ic s]vice4 ,if no moral or religi\s objection exi/$ aga9/ hold+ slaves1 w\ld n _m ( ^? respectable & opul5t g5tlem5 :o sign$ ! lett] ( ?anks to ,mr4 ,web/]1 & hundr$s ( o!rs inde$1 in/ead ( apply+ to intellig5ce (fices1 or visit+ emigrant %ips = 8dome/ics10 z we call !m1 g at once to ! auction room & buy a man or a woman ) z little hesitancy or compunction z !y n[ s5d to ,brighton = beeves1 or g to ,tatt]sall's = a horse8 ,if ! cold ( ! high] latitudes *ecks ! fl[ ( ,african blood1 or b5umbs ,african limbs1 ! slavehold] kn[s v well t a trifl+ extra exp5se = :ips w make up = ! diff]5ce4 ,b suppose a d\bt c\ld be reasonably ent]ta9$ ab\t ! invasion ( ! new t]ritories by slav]y4 ,ev5 suppose ! *ances to prepond]ate aga9/ x4 ,:at !n8 ,are we to submit a "q ( human lib]ty ov] va/ regions & = an indef9ite ext5t ( "t1 to ! det]m9ation ( *ance8 ,) all my faculties ,i say1 ,no6 ,let me ask any man1 let me respectfully ask ,mr4 ,web/] himself1 if x 7 8 own fa!r & "m1 & bro!rs & si/]s1 & sons & daught]s1 :o 7 9 p]il ( su* a fate1 :e!r he w\ld ab&on !m to *ance1--ev5 to a favorable *ance4 ,w\ld he suff] _! fate to be det]m9$ by dice or div9ation1 :5 positive prohibition 0 9 8 p[]8 ,& by :at rule ( ,*ri/ian morality1 or ev5 ( enlight5$ hea!n morality1 c we deal diff]5tly ) ! k9dr$ ( o!rs f :at we w\ld ) our own8 ,he is n a ,*ri/ian ^: humanity is b\nd$ by ! legal degrees ( blood1 or by g5]al types ( feature4 ,b ,mr4 ,web/] w\ld n 8taunt0 ! s\?4 ,nei!r w\ld ,i4 ,i w\ld n taunt any honorable man1 mu* less a crim9al4 ,/ill1 :5 ! mo/ preci\s int]e/s ( humanity are 9 p]il1 ,i w\ld n be timid4 ,i w\ld n /op too long to cull lov]s' phrases4 ,/&+ "u ! eye ( ,god1 9 ! =um ( ! _w & be=e ! augu/ tribunal ( po/]ity1 :5 ! litigants are fre$om & tyranny1 & human happ9ess & human mis]y ! prize !y conte/1 x %\ld happ5 to ! sworn advocate ( lib]ty1 z ,qu9tilian says x did to ,demo/h5es1 8n to speak & to plead1 b to ?und] & to light540 ,mr4 ,web/] w\ld n taunt ! s\?2 & yet ,i say ! s\? 7 nev] s insult$ be=e z he has insult$ !m4 ,common sc(fs1 je]s1 vilifications1 are flatt]y & sycophancy comp>$ ) ! indignities he heap$ ^u !m4 ,look at ! facts4 ,! s\? wag$ w> ) ,mexico f "o1 & only "o1 motive2 = "o1 & only "o1 object1--! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,!y refus$ peace unless x surr5d]$ t]ritory4 ,t t]ritory mu/ be s\? ( ! abhorr$ l9e ( #cf #cj4 ,! same ,presid5t :o ab&on$ ! broad belt ( c\ntry on our nor!rn fronti]1 f #di to #ed #dj1 to :i* we _h1 9 8 own words1 8an unque/ionable title10 w\ld all[ no prohibition ( slav]y to be impos$ ^u ! t]ritory :i* ,mexico c$$1 ?\gh %e w\ld bury x a foot deep 9 gold4 ,! ,proviso _h be5 resi/$ 9 all =ms1 f ! beg9n+4 ,s\!rn ,:igs vot$ aga9/ ! ratification ( ! treaty1 =esee+ ! /ruggle t 0 to foll[4 ,desp]ate ef=ts _h be5 made1 at ! close ( ! la/ session ( ,congress1 to smuggle 9 an unre/rict$ t]ritorial gov]nm5t1 aga9/ all p>liam5t>y rule & all con/itutional implication4 ,! :ole s\?1 z "o man1 claim$ x z a 8describable1 weighable1 e/imable1 tangible10 & mo/ valuable 8"r0 to c>ry slaves !re4 ,calh\n1 ,b]ri51 ,badg]1 ,mason1 ,davis1--! :ole s\!rn phalanx1 ,:ig & ,democrat1 plead$ = x1 argu$ = x1 & mo/ ( !m decl>$ !mselves ready to fight = x2 & yet ,mr4 ,web/] rises 9 8 place1 & tells !m !y are all moon/ruck1 halluc9at$1 fatu\s2 because 8an ord9ance ( nature & ! w ( ,god0 _h settl$ ?is "q aga9/ !m f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,mr4 ,calh\n said1 imm$iately aft] ?is spee*1 8,give u free scope & "t en\gh1 & we w take c>e ( ! re/40 ,,mr4 ,,mason said1-- 8,we h he>d "h f v>i\s qu>t]s1 & f high qu>t]s1 & repeat$ on all h&s1--repeat$ "h aga9 to-day by ! honorable s5ator f ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,,%ields1 t !re is a law ( nature :i* excludes ! s\!rn p f e portion ( ! /ate ( ,cali=nia4 ,i "k ( no su* law ( nature1--none :atev]2 b ,i d "k ! contr>y1 t if ,cali=nia _h be5 organiz$ ) a t]ritorial =m ( gov]nm5t only1 & = :i*1 at ! la/ two sessions ( ,congress1 %e has obta9$ ! entire s\!rn vote1 ! p ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld h gone !re freely1 & h tak5 _! slaves !re 9 great numb]s4 ,!y w\ld h done s1 because ! value ( ! labor ( t class w\ld h be5 augm5t$ to !m _m hundr$ fold4 ,:y1 9 ! debates :i* took place 9 ! conv5tion 9 ,cali=nia :i* =m$ ! con/itution1 & :i* any s5ator c n[ read = himself1 aft] ! provision exclud+ slav]y 0 agre$ ^u1 x 0 propos$ to prohibit ! ,african race altoge!r1 free z well z bond4 ,a debate arose ^u x1 & ! gr\nd 0 di/9ctly tak51 z %[n 9 ^? debates1 t if ! entire ,african race 0 n exclud$1 _! labor w\ld be f\nd s valuable t ! own]s ( slaves w\ld br+ !m !re1 ev5 ?\gh slav]y 7 prohibit$1 "u a contract to manumit !m 9 two or ?ree ye>s4 ,& x requir$ v little reason+1 on ! "p ( ^? oppos$ to ?is class ( population1 to %[ t ! productiv5ess ( _! labor w\ld be su* z to cause t result4 ,an e/imate 0 gone into ) ref]5ce to ! value ( ! labor ( ?is class ( p1 %[+ t x w\ld be increas$ to su* an ext5t 9 ! m9es ( ,cali=nia1 t !y c\ld n be kept out4 ,x 0 agre$ t ! labor ( a slave 9 any "o ( ! /ates f :i* !y w\ld be tak51 0 n wor? m ?an "o hundr$ or "o hundr$ & fifty doll>s a ye>1 & t 9 ,cali=nia x w\ld be wor? f f\r to six ?\s& doll>s4 ,!y w\ld "w !mselves free 9 "o or two ye>s1 & ?us ! c\ntry w\ld be fill$ by a class ( free blacks1 & _! =m] own]s h an excell5t b>ga9 9 tak+ !m !re40 ,yet ,mr4 ,web/] /&s up be=e all ?is array1 & says1 8,g5tlem51 y are beside y\rselves4 ,y h eat5 #8( ! insane root4' ,y w\ld look m 9 "* %\ld y put on ! #8cap & bells4' ,9 sob] s5se1 9 see+ 8 object cle>ly & 9 pursu+ x directly1 ,don ,quixote 0 ,doctor ,frankl91 comp>$ ) y4 ,! dog 9 ! fable1 :o dropp$ 8 meat to snap at 8 %ad[1 is no allegory 9 y\r case4 ,i see two classes ar\nd me1--wise m5 & fools2 y d n belong to ! =m]4 ,! *ancellor1 :o keeps ! k+'s idiots1 %\ld h cu/ody ( y40 ,su* is a fai?ful ab/ract ( :at ,mr4 ,web/] said to s\!rn s5ators1 &1 ?r\gh !m1 to all ! s\?4 ,"h c]ta9ly 0 a reflection ^u ! und]/&+ & intellig5ce ( ! s\?1 su* z nev] 0 ca/ ^u !m be=e4 ,b ! balm w5t ) ! /+4 ,!y bore ! affront to _! judgm5ts1 because x 0 s grateful to _! politics & pockets4 ,i ?9k x no inju/ice to ^? s5ators to say1 t !y w\ld h ne>ly torn ,mr4 ,web/] 9 pieces = su* a collective insult1 _h x n promis$ to add1 :at ,mr4 ,mason call$ 8_m hundr$ fold10 to _! individual prop]ty1 & to secure & p]petuate _! political asc5d5cy4 ,to help our conceptions 9 reg>d to ,mr4 ,web/]'s c\rse on ?is subject1 let u imag9e a p>allel case1--or1 r1 an approximate "o1 = !re c be no p>allel4 ,suppose a conte/ betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\?1 on ! subject ( ! t>iff1 to h be5 rag+ = ye>s4 ,! sob] blood ( ! nor? is heat$ to ! fev] po9t4 ,! newspap]s treat ( no?+ else4 ,public meet+s & private conv]sations discuss no o!r !me4 ,hundr$s ( delegates wait ^u ,congress to add1 if x be b a fea!r's weight1 to ! scale :i* holds _! int]e/s4 ,petitions fl[ 91 9 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,x is ann\nc$ t ,mr4 ,calh\n w p\r out 8 great m9d on ! subject4 ,expectation is on tiptoe4 ,all eyes1 f all sides ( ! c\ntry1 are turn$ t[>ds ,wa%+ton1 z ! ,moslem's to ,mecca4 ,! s5ate *amb] is pack$1 & ! illu/ri\s s5ator rises4 ,aft] an hi/oric sket* ( exi/+ difficulties1 aft] read+ f ! spee*es :i* he made 9 #ahcb & 9 #ahdf1 he proce$s to say t he )draws all opposition to a t>iff1--to any t>iff6 ,he w n (f5d ! delicate n]ves ( nor!rn manufactur]s by fur!r ho/ility4 ,7 a bill !n be=e him1 he w\ld n oppose x4 8,take ! s*$ules10 says he1 scornfully1 to nor!rn s5ators1 8& fill up ! blanks f ,a to ,z ) :at p] c5tages y please4 ,= ad valorem rates1 put 9 m9imums & maximums at y\r pleasure4 ,i w #8taunt' y no long]4 ,i am = peace & ! glori\s ,union4 ,i h discov]$ an irrepealable & irrev]sible law ( nature1 :i* ov]rules all ! devices ( m54 ,y _c make "o y>d ( wooll5s or cottons 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,!re1 wat] has no gravity1 /eam has no =ce1 & :eels w n revolve4 ,9 ,v]mont & ,new ,york1 wool w n gr[ on %eep's backs4 ,i h p5etrat$ ! geology ( ,p5nsylvania1 & ?r\gh all its /ratifications !re is n a ?imble full ( coal1 nor an ounce ( iron ore2 &1 if !re 71 combu/ion w\ld n help to =ge x2 = oxyg5 & c>bon are divorc$4 ,z ,massa*usetts contribut$ "o ?ird ( ! m5 & "o ?ird ( ! money to c>ry on ! revolution>y w>1 ,i am will+ to comp5sate h] = h] lo/ blood & treasure to ! am\nt ( hundr$s ( millions ( doll>s1 ) :i* %e may f]tilize ! b>r5ness ( h] g5ius1 & indulge h] insane love = *ur*es & s*ools40 ,_h ! great s\!rn s5ator spok5 ?us1 ,i ?9k t ev5 idolatr\s1 man-wor%ipp+ ,s\? ,c>ol9a1--a /ate :i* ,mr4 ,calh\n has rul$ & mov$ = ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 z a puppet %[man plays ,pun* & ,judy1--w\ld h s5t =?1 ?r\gh all h] organs1 a voice ( unanim\s diss5t4 ,z mu* z fre$om is high] ?an t>iff1 s mu* /rong] ?an _! diss5t %\ld be ours4 ,mr4 ,web/]'s av]m5t t he w\ld n 8reffirm an ord9ance ( nature1 nor renact ! w ( ,god10 7p4 #dd17 has be5 comm5t$ on m pung5tly ?an ,i am able or will+ to d4 ,x has be5 well said t all law & all volition mu/ be 9 h>mony ) ! w ( ! ,good ,_s1 or ) t ( ! evil "o2 & if we w n renact ! w ( ! =m]1 !n1 ei!r all legislation ceases1 or we mu/ regi/] ! decrees ( ! latt]4 ,b "o important & p]t95t consid]ation belongs to ?is subject1 :i* ,i h n[h]e se5 develop$4 ,x is ?is3 ,endless d\bts & contradictions exi/ among m51 z to :at is ! w ( ,god2 & on no subject is !re a wid] div]sity ( op9ion ?an on ?is v subject ( slav]y4 ,^: law 0 renact$ by ! ord9ance ( #aghg8 ^:1 :5 ! ,african slave trade 0 prohibit$8 ^:1 :5 x 0 decl>$ piracy8 ,true1 x is useless to put ^u our /atute books an a/ronomical law1 regulat+ sunrise1 or high tides2 b t is physical & beyond ! jurisdiction ( man1 :ile slav]y belongs to morals1 & is )9 ! jurisdiction ( man4 ,cease to transcribe ^u ! /atute book :at our wise/ & be/ m5 believe to be ! w ( ,god 9 reg>d to our worldly affairs1 & ! passions :i* we ?9k appropriate to devils w soon take possession ( society4 ,9 reg>d to slav]y1 piracy1 & s =?1 !re are multitudes ( m5 ^: fe> ( ! p5al sanctions ( ano!r life is v mu* aid$ by a little salut>y f9e & imprisonm5t 9 ?is4 ,look at t noble array ( pr9ciples :i* is conta9$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights 9 ! con/itution ( ,massa*usetts4 ,is x n a mo/ gr& & beautiful exposition ( 8! w ( ,god10--a transcript1 z x 71 f ! ,book ( ,life8 ,s ( ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,yet our fa!rs ?\ght x no tamp]+ ) holy ?+s to enact !m2 &1 9 times ( /ruggle & p]il1 !y h be5 to _m a tempt$ man z an an*or to ! s\l1 sure & /eadfa/4 ,i approa* ,mr4 ,web/]'s treatm5t ( ! ,texas "q ) no ord9>y anxiety4 ,hav+ be5 accu/om$ f my v boyhood to reg>d him z ! almo/ infallible exp\nd] ( con/itutional law1 x is impossible to describe ! /ruggle1 ! revulsion ( m9d1 ) :i* ,i h pass$ f an in/ruct$ & joy\s acquiesc5ce 9 8 =m] op9ions to unhesitat+ diss5t f 8 pres5t ones4 ,i mu/ premise t ,i _c see any necess>y or b5eficial connection betwe5 ! subject ( new ,texan /ates & ! admission ( ,cali=nia & ! gov]nm5t ( ! t]ritories4 ,! =m] ref]s to "s indef9ite future1 :51 f its fruitful womb ( slav]y1 ,texas %all seek to ca/ =? an untimely bir?4 ,9 ?is excit$ /ate ( ! c\ntry1 at ?is critical juncture ( our affairs1 :5 !re is sob] talk ( massacr+ a majority ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives on _! own floor1 & a s5ator1 in/ead ( m]ely ?reat5+ to hang a bro!r s5ator on ! highe/ tree1 provid$ he c\ld cat* him 9 8 own /ate1 n[ draws a revolv] ( six b>rels on ano!r bro!r s5ator1 on ! floor ( ! ,s5ate1 9 mid-session2 at su* a "t1 ,i say1 :51 h[ev] few ,abels !re may be at "w 9 ! political field1 !re are ,ca9s m ?an en\gh1 w\ld x n h be5 well to h act$ ^u ! precept1 8,suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re(08 ,z ! basis ( 8 argum5t1 ,mr4 ,web/] quotes ! foll[+ resolution = ! admission ( ,texas1 pass$ ,m>* #a1 #ahde3-- 8,new /ates ( conv5i5t size1 n exce$+ f\r 9 numb]1 9 addition to said ,/ate ( ,texas1 & hav+ suffici5t population1 may h]eaft]1 by ! cons5t ( ! said /ate1 be =m$ out ( ! t]ritory !re(1 :i* %all be entitl$ to admission "u ! provisions ( ! f$]al con/itution4 ,& su* /ates z may be =m$ out ( t portion ( said t]ritory ly+ s\? ( #cf #cj nor? latitude1 commonly kn[n z ! ,miss\ri compromise l9e1 %all be admitt$ into ! ,union ) or )\t slav]y1 z ! p ( ea* /ate ask+ admission may desire2 & 9 su* /ate or /ates z %all be =m$ out ( said t]ritory nor? ( said ,miss\ri compromise l9e1 slav]y or involunt>y s]vitude1 7except = crime17 %all be prohibit$40 ,note "h1 fir/1 t only 8f\r0 /ates are to be admitt$ 9 8addition to said /ate ( ,texas20 & second1 t 8su* /ate or /ates10 79 ! plural17 z %all be =m$ f t]ritory nor? ( #cf #cj1 %all be free4 ,if two1 or only "o free /ate is to exi/ on ! nor? side ( ! l9e1 !n h[ _m w be left = ! s\? side8 ,i %\ld expose myself to ridicule 7 ,i to set x d[n ari?metically1 f\r m9us "o1 equal to ?ree4 ,yet ,mr4 ,web/] says1 8,! gu>anty is1 t new /ates %all be made out ( x1 ! ,texan t]ritory1 & t su* /ates z are =m$ out ( t portion ( ,texas ly+ s\? ( #cf #cj1 may come 9 z slave /ates1 to ! numb] ( ,,f\r1 9 addition to ! /ate !n 9 exi/5ce1 & admitt$ at t "t by ^! resolutions40 7p4 #bi47 ,"h ,mr4 ,web/] gives outright to ! s\? & to slav]y1 "o m /ate ?an 0 contract$ =1--assum+ ! contract to be valid4 ,he makes a donation1 a gratuity1 ( an entire slave /ate1 l>g] ?an _m a ,european pr9cipality4 ,he transf]s a :ole /ate1 ) all its beat+ he>ts1 pres5t & future2 ) all its inf9ite susceptibilities ( weal & woe1 f ! side ( fre$om to t ( slav]y1 9 ! l$g] book ( humanity4 ,:at a bridal gift = ! h>lot ( bondage6 ,0 n ! b>ga9 h>d en\gh1 accord+ to its t]ms8 ,mu/ we fulfil x1 & g beyond x8 ,is a slave /ate1 :i* dooms our bre?r5 ( ! human race1 p]haps int]m9ably1 to ! vassal's fate1 s insignificant a trifle1 t x may be flung 91 z small *ange on ! settlem5t ( an acc\nt8 ,has ! s\? be5 s g5]\s a cop>tn] z to des]ve ?is di/+ui%$ tok5 ( our gratitude8 ,:y1 by p>ity ( reason+1 c\ld he n h claim$ all ! f\r /ates1 89 addition to said /ate ( ,texas10 z free /ates8 ,! resolutions divide ! t]ritory into two p>ts1 "o nor? & "o s\? ( ! l9e ( #cf #cj4 ,c\ld n ,mr4 ,web/] h claim$ ! f\r /ates = fre$om1 ) z s\nd logic & ) f> bett] humanity ?an he surr5d]$ !m all to slav]y8 ,:5 ,texas & ! s\? h got _! slave /ates 8to ! numb] ( f\r0 into ! ,union1 :5ce are we to obta9 our "o or m free /ates8 ,! contract w h be5 execut$1 & ! cons5t ( ,texas = ano!r /ate w be )held4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 ,mr4 ,web/] affirms ! "r ( slav]y to f\r m /ates1 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,i "k no =m ( legislation :i* c /r5g!n ?is4 ,i "k no mode ( recognition t c add a tittle ( weight to x40 ,cat*+ ! tone ( 8 assev]ation1 ,i respond t ,i "k no =m ( /atem5t1 nor process ( reason+1 :i* c make x m cle>1 t ?is is an absolute & wanton surr5d] ( ! rights ( ! nor? & ! rights ( humanity4 ,b ,i hold ! ,texan resolutions to h be5 utt]ly void2 & proce$ to give ! reasons = my op9ion4 ,i beg9 by quot+ ,mr4 ,web/] aga9/ himself4 ,9 an address to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 emanat+ f ! ,massa*usetts ,anti-,texas /ate conv5tion1 held ,janu>y #bi?1 #ahde1 ! subjo9$ passage1 :i* is und]/ood1 or r1 ,i may say1 is n[ well kn[n1 to h be5 dictat$ by ,mr4 ,web/] himself1 may be f\nd3-- 8,b we desire n to be misund]/ood4 ,accord+ to our convictions1 !re is no p[] 9 any bran* ( ! gov]nm5t1 or all its bran*es1 to annex =eign t]ritory to ?is ,union4 ,we h made ! =ego+ rem>ks only to %[1 t1 if any fair con/ruction c\ld %[ su* a p[] to exi/ any :]e1 or to be ex]cis$ 9 any =m1 yet ! mann] ( its ex]cise n[ propos$ is de/itute ( all dec5t semblance ( con/itutional propriety40 ,?us cancell+ ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,web/] 9 #ahej by ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,web/] 9 #ahde1 ,i proce$ ) ! argum5t4 ,?\gh ! annexation ( ,texas 0 9 pursuance ( a void /ipulation1 yet x is a cle> pr9ciple ( law1 t :5 a contract void betwe5 ! p>ties1 has be5 execut$ by !m1 x _c !n be annull$4 ,if execut$1 x becomes valid1 n by virtue ( ! contract b by virtue ( ! execution4 ,i b[ to ?is legal pr9ciple1 & w\ld fulfil x4 ,b any indep5d5t /ipulation :i* rema9s unexecut$1 rema9s invalid4 ,su* is t "p ( ! annexation resolutions :i* provides = ! admission ( a brood ( ,texan /ates4 ,! resolutions !mselves say1 9 express t]ms1 t ! new /ates are to be admitt$ 8"u ! provisions ( ! f$]al con/itution20 & ! f$]al con/itution says1 8,new /ates may be admitt$ by ! ,congress into ?is ,union40 ,by :at ,congress8 ,pla9ly1 by ! ,congress 9 session at ! "t :5 application = admission is made2 & by no o!r4 ,! f\r? ,texan /ate may n be ready = admission = fifty ye>s to come2 & c\ld ! ,congress ( #ahde b9d ! ,congress ( #aijj8 ,! ,congress ( #aijj1 & all future ,congresses1 w d]ive _! au?ority f ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & n f any prec$+ ,congress4 ,put ! case 9 a negative =m4 ,c\ld ! ,congress ( #ahde b9d all future ,congresses n to admit new /ates1 & ?us1 pro tanto1 annul ! con/itution8 ,positive or negative1 ! result is ! same4 ,no previ\s ,congress1 on su* a subject1 c enl>ge or limit ! p[] ( a subsequ5t "o4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 ! "q ( a new ,texan /ate comes up = consid]ation1 ! ,congress !n 9 be+ mu/ decide x on its own m]its1 untrammell$ by any ?+ _! pr$ecessors h done2 &1 especially1 free f a law :i*1 :ile simil> 9 _s1 is a ?\s& times m odi\s 9 pr9ciple ?an /atutes ( mortma94 ,admitt+ t a future ,congress1 on su* a subject1 might be b\nd by a treaty1 ,i answ] t !re 0 no treaty2 :ile ! fact t a treaty clause 0 introduc$ into ! resolutions1 9 ! ,s5ate1 = ! sake ( obta9+ c]ta9 votes t w\ld nev] o!rwise h be5 giv5 9 _! favor1 & "u an express pl$ge f ! ,executive t ! me?od by treaty %\ld be adopt$1 :i* pl$ge 0 =?) iniquit\sly brok5 by ! ,presid5t1 leaves no elem5t ( bas5ess & fraud by :i* ?is proce$+ 0 n contam9at$4 ,9 ! "n ( ! con/itution1 !n1 & ( ju/ice1 let e hone/ man d5\nce ^? resolutions z void alike 9 ! =um ( law & 9 ! =um ( consci5ce2 &1 admitt+ ,texas h]self to be 9 ! ,union1 yet1 :5 application is made = any new /ate f t t]ritory1 let ! "q be decid$ ^u ! m]its x may !n possess4 ,& 0 n ,mr4 ,web/] ( ! same op9ion1 :51 9 ,faneuil ,hall1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahde1 aft] ! resolutions ( annexation _h pass$1 he made ! foll[+ emphatic1 b unprophetic1 decl>ation3-- 8,x is ?\ght1 x is an idea ,i d n say h[ well f\nd$1 t !re may yet be a hope = resi/ance to ! consummation ( ! act ( annexation4 ,i c only say = "o1 t if x %\ld fall to my lot to h a vote on su* a "q1 ,,& ,i ,,vote ,,= ,,! ,,admission ,,into ,,?is ,,union ,,( ,,any ,,/ate ,,) ,a ,,con/itution ,,:i* ,,prohibits ,,ev5 ,,! ,,legislature ,,f ,,ev] ,,see+ ,,! ,,bondm5 ,,free1 ,i ,,%all ,,nev] ,,%[ ,,my ,,head ,,aga91 ,,dep5d ,,^u ,,x1 ,,9 ,,faneuil ,,hall40 ,!re is ano!r objection to any future claim ( ,texas to be divid$ into /ates1 :i* gr[s out ( h] own neglect to fulfil ! t]ms & _s ( ! agreem5t4 ,9 ! 8t]ritory nor? ( ! ,miss\ri compromise l9e1 slav]y or involunt>y s]vitude1 7except = crime17 %all be prohibit$40 ,s reads ! bond4 ,b if ,texas suff] slav]y to be ext5d$ ov] t "p ( h] t]ritory1 !n1 :5 x becomes popul\s en\gh = admission1 & is ov]spread ) slav]y1 a new /ate may pres5t a free con/itution1 be admitt$ by ,congress1 & be=e ! slaves h "t to escape1 or to c>ry ! "q ( fre$om be=e ! judicial tribunals1 pre/o6 ?is free con/itution w be *ang$ into a slave con/itution1 "u ! alleg$ "r ( a /ate to decide ^u its own dome/ic in/itutions2 & ?us ! ^w ( promise1 :i* 0 kept to ! e>1 w be brok5 to ! hope4 ,if ,texas meant to abide by ! resolutions ( annexation1 & to claim any ?+ "u !m1 x 0 h] cle> & imp]ative duty =?) to pass a law1 secur+ fre$om to e inhabitant nor? ( ! compromise l9e4 ,9 ?is way only c ! resolutions be execut$ 9 _! true _s4 ,t t]ritory is n[ 9 ! condition ( an egg4 ,x is und]go+ incubation4 ,f x a /ate is h]eaft] to be hat*$2 b be=e promis+ to accept ! *ick1 x w\ld be agreeable to "k :e!r a vip] _h impregnat$ ! egg4 ,!re is a /ill fur!r objection1 ( ^: s\ndness ,i h no d\bt2 b %\ld ,i be 9 error 9 reg>d to x1 ! mi/ake w n invalidate any o!r argum5t4 ,! p>ties to t agreem5t /ipulat$ on ! gr\nd ( mutuality1 )\t :i* all contracts are void4 ,"s /ates 7 to be admitt$ to /r5g!n ! h&s ( slav]y1 & "s ( fre$om4 ,a l9e ( dem>cation 0 drawn4 ,n[1 on inve/igation1 ,i believe x w mo/ conclusively appe> t !re is n an in* ( ,texan t]ritory nor? ( ! /ipulat$ l9e4 ,x all belongs to ,new ,mexico1 z mu* z ,nantucket or ,b]k%ire belongs to ,massa*usetts4 ,x 0 a mi/ake on ! "p ( ! contract+ p>ties2 if1 on ! "p ( ,texas1 x 0 n some?+ worse ?an a mi/ake4 ,! mutuality1 !n1 fails4 ,! contract is nudum pactum4 ,texas c give no?+ = :at %e 0 to receive2 & is1 !re=e1 entitl$ to receive no?+ b :at %e has got4 ,9 reg>d to 8! bus9ess ( see+ t fugitives are deliv]$ up10 ,mr4 ,web/] says1 8,my fri5d at ! head ( ! judici>y committee1 ,mr4 ,,butl]1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 has a bill on ! subject n[ be=e ! ,s5ate1 ) "s am5dm5ts to x1 :i* ,i propose to support1 ) all its provisions1 to ! fulle/ ext5t40 ,"h is ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill1 ) ,mr4 ,mason's am5dm5ts3-- ,a ,,bill ,to provide = ! m effectual execution ( ! #c;d clause ( ! #b;d section ( ! #d? article ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,be x enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ,congress assembl$1 ,t :5 a p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 any /ate or t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "u ! laws ( su* /ate or t]ritory1 %all escape into any o!r ( ! said /ates or t]ritories1 ! p]son to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due1 8 or h] ag5t or attorney1 is h]eby emp[]$ to seize or arre/ su* fugitive f s]vice or labor1 & take him or h] be=e any judge ( ! circuit or di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or be=e any commission]1 or cl]k ( su* c\rts1 or m>%al !re(1 or any po/ma/] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or collector ( ! cu/oms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 resid+ or be+ )9 su* /ate :]e9 su* seizure or arre/ %all be made1 & ^u pro( to ! satisfaction ( su* judge1 commission]1 cl]k1 m>%al1 po/ma/]1 or collector1 z ! case may be1 ei!r by oral te/imony or affidavit tak5 be=e & c]tifi$ by any p]son au?oriz$ to adm9i/] an oa? "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any /ate1 t ! p]son s seiz$ or arre/$1 "u ! laws ( ! /ate or t]ritory f :i* he or %e fl$1 owes s]vice or labor to ! p]son claim+ him or h]1 x %all be ! duty ( su* judge1 commission]1 cl]k1 m>%al1 po/ma/]1 or collector1 to give a c]tificate !re( to su* claimant1 8 or h] ag5t or attorney1 :i* c]tificate %all be a suffici5t w>rant = tak+ & remov+ su* fugitive f s]vice or labor to ! /ate or t]ritory f :i* he or %e fl$4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t :5 a p]son held to s]vice or labor1 z m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ section ( ?is act1 %all escape f su* s]vice or labor1 z !re9 m5tion$1 ! p]son to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due1 8 or h] ag5t or attorney1 may apply to any "o ( ! (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates nam$ 9 said section1 o!r ?an a m>%al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = a w>rant to seize & arre/ su* fugitive1 & ^u affidavit be+ made be=e su* (fic]1 7ea* ( :om = ! purposes ( ?is act is h]eby au?oriz$ to adm9i/] an oa? or affirmation17 by su* claimant1 8 or h] ag5t1 t su* p]son does1 "u ! laws ( ! /ate or t]ritory f :i* he or %e fl$1 owe s]vice or labor to su* claimant1 x %all be1 & is h]eby made1 ! duty ( su* (fic]1 to & be=e :om su* application & affidavit is made1 to issue 8 w>rant to any m>%al ( any ( ! c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to seize & arre/ su* alleg$ fugitive1 & to br+ him or h] =?)1 or on a day to be nam$ 9 su* w>rant1 be=e ! (fic] issu+ su* w>rant1 or ei!r ( ! (fic]s m5tion$ 9 said fir/ section1 except ! m>%al to :om ! said w>rant is direct$1 :i* said w>rant or au?ority ! said m>%al is h]eby au?oriz$ & direct$ 9 all ?+s to obey4 ,,sect4 #c4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t ^u affidavit made z a=esaid by ! claimant ( su* fugitive1 8 ag5t or attorney1 aft] su* c]tificate has be5 issu$1 t he has reason to appreh5d t su* fugitive w be rescu$ by =ce f 8 or _! possession1 be=e he c be tak5 beyond ! limits ( ! /ate 9 :i* ! arre/ is made1 x %all be ! duty ( ! (fic] mak+ ! arre/ to reta9 su* fugitive 9 8 cu/ody1 & to remove him to ! /ate :5ce he fl$1 & !re to deliv] him to said claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney4 ,& to ?is end1 ! (fic] a=esaid is h]eby au?oriz$ & requir$ to employ s _m p]sons z he may deem necess>y to ov]come su* =ce1 & to reta9 !m 9 8 s]vice s long z circum/ances may require4 ,! said (fic] & 8 assi/ants1 :ile s employ$1 to receive ! same comp5sation & to be all[$ ! same exp5ses z are n[ all[$ by law = transportation ( crim9als1 to be c]tifi$ by ! judge ( ! di/rict )9 :i* ! arre/ is made1 & paid out ( ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,provid$1 ,t1 be=e su* *>ges are incurr$1 ! claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 %all secure to said (fic] paym5t ( ! same1 & 9 case no actual =ce be oppos$1 !n !y %all be paid by su* claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney4 ,,sec4 #d4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,:5 a w>rant %all h be5 issu$ by any ( ! (fic]s "u ! second section ( ?is act1 & !re %all be no m>%al or deputy m>%al )9 t5 miles ( ! place :]e su* w>rant is issu$1 x %all be ! duty ( ! (fic] issu+ ! same1 at ! reque/ ( ! claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 to appo9t "s fit & discreet p]son1 :o %all be will+ to act z m>%al1 = ! purpose ( execut+ said w>rant2 & su* p]son s appo9t$ %all1 to ! ext5t ( execut+ said w>rant1 & deta9+ & transport+ ! fugitive nam$ !re91 h all ! p[] & au?ority1 & be1 ) 8 assi/ants1 entitl$ to ! same comp5sation & exp5ses provid$ 9 ?is act 9 cases :]e ! s]vices are p]=m$ by ! m>%als ( ! c\rts4 ,,sec4 #e4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t any p]son :o %all kn[+ly & will+ly ob/ruct or h9d] su* claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 or any p]son or p]sons assi/+ him1 h]1 or !m1 9 s s]v+ or arre/+ su* fugitive f s]vice or labor1 or %all rescue su* fugitive f su* claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 :5 s arre/$1 pursuant to ! au?ority h]e9 giv5 or decl>$1 or %all aid1 abet1 or assi/ su* p]son s ow+ s]vice or labor to escape f su* claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 or %all h>bor or conceal su* p]son1 aft] notice t he or %e 0 a fugitive f labor1 z a=esaid1 %all1 = ei!r ( ! said (f5ces1 =feit & pay ! sum ( "o ?\s& doll>s1 :i* p5alty may be recov]$ by & = ! b5efit ( su* claimant1 by action ( debt 9 any c\rt prop] to try ! same1 sav+1 moreov]1 to ! p]son claim+ su* labor or s]vice1 8 "r ( action =1 or on acc\nt (1 ! said injuries1 or ei!r ( !m4 ,,sec4 #f4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t :5 said p]son is seiz$ or arre/$1 "u & by virtue ( ! said w>rant1 by su* m>%al1 & is br\ght be=e ei!r ( ! (fic]s a=esaid1 o!r ?an ! said m>%al1 x %all be ! duty ( su* (fic] to proce$ 9 ! case ( su* p]son1 9 ! same way z he is direct$ & au?oriz$ to d :5 su* p]son is seiz$ & arre/$ by ! p]son claim+ him1 or by 8 or h] ag5t or attorney1 & is br\ght be=e su* (fic] "u ! provisions ( ! fir/ section ( ?is act4 ,,am5dm5ts ,int5d$ to be propos$ by ,mr4 ,mason to ! bill 7,s5ate1 #bc7 to provide = ! m effectual execution ( ! ?ird clause ( ! second section ( ! f\r? article ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ! end ( section #e1 add3 ,& any p]son or p]sons (f5d+ aga9/ ! provisions ( ?is section1 to be moreov] deem$ guilty ( a misdemeanor1 or ( ob/ruct+ ! due execution ( ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^u conviction !re( %all be f9$ 9 ! sum ( "o ?\s& doll>s1 "o half :]e( %all be to ! use ( ! in=m]2 & %all also be imprison$ = ! t]m ( twelve mon?s4 ,at ! end ( section #f1 add3 ,& 9 no trial or he>+ "u ?is act %all ! te/imony ( su* fugitive be admitt$ 9 evid5ce4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! fir/ section ( ! bill1 aft] con/itut+ ! judges ( ! c\rts1 ! sev5te5 ?\s& po/ma/]s1 ! collectors1 c41 tribunals1 )\t appeal1 = ! deliv]y ( any body1 :o is sworn by any body1 any :]e1 to be a fugitive slave1 ref]s to ! be=e-m5tion$ (fic]s 9 ! words 8resid+ or be+ )9 su* /ate :]e su* seizure or arre/ is made40 ,t is1 ! judge1 po/ma/]1 collector1 c41 ne$ n be an inhabitant ( ! /ate1 or hold 8 (fice 9 ! /ate :]e ! seizure is made2 b x is suffici5t if he is su* (fic] any :]e )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,butl] or ,mr4 ,mason1 !re=e1 may s5d ! po/ma/] ( 8 own city or village into ,massa*usetts1 ) an ag5t or attorney1 :o br+s 8 affidavit f ,s\? ,c>ol9a or ,virg9ia1 9 8 pocket2 ! ag5t or attorney may arre/ any body1 at any "t1 c>ry him be=e 8 accomplice1 g ?r\gh ) ! judicial =ms1 & hurry him to ! s\?2 ! (fic]1 aft] 8 judicial functions are dis*>g$1 turn+ bailiff1 protect+ ! prey & spe$+ ! flight6 ,/ill fur!r2 ?is bill d]ides ! trial by jury1 secur$ by ! con/itution4 ,a man may n lose a horse )\t a "r to ?is trial2 b he may 8 fre$om4 ,mr4 ,web/] spoke = ! s\? & = slav]y2 n = ! nor? & = fre$om1 :5 he ab&on$ ?is "r4 ,su* an ab&onm5t1 x w\ld be impossible to believe ( "o :o has e>n$ su* fame z def5d] ( ! con/itution2 x w\ld be m reasonable to suppose ! exi/5ce ( "s /range misappreh5sion1 _h n ,mr4 ,web/]1 ) t precision & /r5g? :i* are s peculi>ly 8 own1 decl>$ 8 det]m9ation to support ?is hide\s bill1 8) all its provisions to ! fulle/ ext5t10 :51 at ! same mom5t1 ano!r bill1 ( :i* he took no notice1 0 p5d+ be=e ! ,s5ate1 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,sew>d1 ( ,new ,york1 secur+ ! invaluable privilege ( a jury trial4 ,i disda9 to avail myself1 9 a sob] argum5t1 ( ! popul> s5sitiv5ess on ?is subject2 & ,i ackn[l$ge my obligations to ! con/itution :ile x is suff]$ to la/4 ,b /ill ,i say1 t ! man :o c read ?is bill )\t hav+ 8 blood boil 9 8 ve9s1 has a p[] ( refrig]ation t w\ld cool ! tropics4 ,i _c d\bt t ,mr4 ,web/] w yet see ! necessity ( reconsid]+ 8 position on ?is :ole "q4 ,mr4 ,web/] says1 8,x is my firm op9ion1 ?is day1 t )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s z mu* money has be5 collect$ & paid to ! abolition societies1 abolition presses1 & abolition lectur]s1 z w\ld pur*ase ! fre$om ( e slave1 man1 woman1 & *ild1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl&1 & s5d !m all to ,lib]ia40 ,! total numb] ( slaves 9 ,m>yl&1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 am\nt$ to #hi1dje4 ,at #bej apiece1--:i* is b ab\t half ! value commonly assign$ to s\!rn slaves by s\!rn m51--?is w\ld be #bb1cgc1gej4 ,all[+ #cj ea* = transportation to ,lib]ia1 )\t any provision = !m aft] _! arrival !re1 ! :ole sum w\ld be #be1jeh1fjj1--;9 r\nd numb]s1 tw5ty-five millions ( doll>s6 m ?an a million & a qu>t] 9 ea* ye>1 & ab\t ?irty-five hundr$ doll>s p] day4 ,i _h n suppos$ ! abolitioni/s _h su* res\rces at _! comm&6 ,i h dwelt ?us long ^u ,mr4 ,web/]'s spee*1 because 9 connection ) 8 two votes 9 favor ( ,mr4 ,foote's committee ( compromise1 :i* votes1 _h !y be5 ! o!r way1 w\ld h utt]ly defeat$ ! committee1 x is consid]$ to h done m to jeop>d ! great cause ( fre$om 9 ! t]ritories1 ?an any o!r ev5t ( ?is disa/r\s session4 ,i h spok5 ( ,mr4 ,web/] by "n1 &1 ,i tru/1 9 none b respectful t]ms4 ,i might h introduc$ o!r names1 or exam9$ 8 positions )\t m5tion+ him4 ,i h tak5 :at seem$ to me ! m manly c\rse2 & if ^! views %\ld ev] by *ance fall "u 8 eye1 ,i believe he has magnanimity en\gh to respect me ! m = ! frankness ,i h us$4 ,if ,i am wrong1 ,i w n add to an error ( judgm5t ! meanness ( a cl&e/9e attack4 ,if ,i am "r1 no "o c compla92 = we mu/ all b[ be=e ! maje/y ( tru?4 ,i h n[ notic$ ! pr9cipal ev5ts :i* h tak5 place 9 ,congress1 & :i* h l$ to :at milit>y m5 w\ld call ! 8demoralization0 ( _m ( ! rank & file ( its memb]s4 ,"s rec5t movem5ts h br\ght vividly to m9d c]ta9 hi/orical recollections 9 reg>d to ! ,african slave trade1 n[ execrat$ by all civiliz$ nations4 ,:5 ! immortal ,wilb]=ce expos$ to public gaze ! secrets ( t horrid traffic1 8 biograph] says1 8,! fir/ bur/ ( g5]\s indignation promis$ no?+ less ?an ! in/ant abolition ( ! trade1 b m]cantile jeal\sy _h tak5 ! al>m1 & ! def5d]s ( ! ,we/ ,india sy/em f\nd !mselves /r5g!n$ by ! indep5d5t alliance ( comm]cial m540--,life ( ,wilb]=ce1 vol4 i4 p4 #bia4 ,aga92 opposition to ,wilb]=ce's motion 8arose among/ ! ,gu9ea m]*ants10--8ren=c$1 h[ev]1 be=e long by ! great body ( ,we/ ,india plant]s40--,ibid4 ,! corporation ( ,liv]pool sp5t1 fir/ & la/1 upw>ds ( #aj1jjj 9 def5ce ( a traffic :i* ev5 ! gravity & calmness ( judicial decisions h s9ce pron\nc$ 8inf]nal40 8,besides pr9t+ works 9 def5ce ( ! slave trade & remun]at+ _! au?ors2 pay+ ! exp5ses ( delegates to att5d 9 ,london & wat* ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce's proce$+s1 !y p5sion$ ! wid[s ( ,norris & ,gre51 & vot$ plate to ,mr4 ,p5ny1 = _! ex]tions 9 ?is cause40--,ibid4 p4 #cde4 ,x is said1 t ! corporation ( ,liv]pool1 at ?is "t1 8believ$ firmly t ! v exi/5ce ( ! city dep5d$ ^u ! cont9uance ( ! traffic40 ,look at ,liv]pool n[1 & reflect :at great] rew>ds1 ev5 ( a temporal nature1 ,god res]ves = m5 t abjure di%one/y & crime4 ,all collat]al motives 7 br\ght to be> ^u ! subject1 j z !y are at ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,gu9ea trade 0 def5d$ 8z a nurs]y = seam540--,ibid4 p4 #bic4 ,ev5 z late z #ahaf1 ! same class ( m51 9 ! same c\ntry1 oppos$ ! abolition ( 8:ite slav]y0 9 ,algi]s1 f ! same base motives ( int]e/4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! dang] ( navigat+ ! ,m$it]ranean1 caus$ by ! ,b>b>y corsairs1 0 advantage\s to ,briti% comm]ce2 because x might det] ! m]*ant %ips ( o!r nations f visit+ x4 ,aft] ,"l ,exm\? _h compell$ ! ,alg]9es to lib]ate _! ,european slaves1 he proce$$ aga9/ ,tunis & ,tripoli4 ,9 giv+ an acc\nt ( :at he _h done1 he def5ds 8 conduct 8^u g5]al pr9ciples10 b adds1 8z apply+ to our own c\ntry1 ,great ,brita91 x may n be borne out1 ! old m]cantile int]e/ be+ aga9/ x40--,osl]'s ,life ( ,exm\?1 p4 #cjc4 ,s aft] ,admiral ,blake1 9 ! "t ( ,cromwell1 _h attack$ ,tunis1 he says1 9 8 despat* to ,secret>y ,?urloe1 8,& n[ see+ x ha? pleas$ ,god soe signally to ju/ify u h]e91 ,i hope 8 highness w n be (f5d$ at x1 nor any :o reg>d duly ! honor ( ! nation1 al?\gh ,i expect to h ! clamors ( ,,int]e/$ ,,m540--,?urloe's ,/ate ,pap]s1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cij4 ,& is comm]ce1 ! daught] ( fre$om1 ?us =ev] to lift h] p>ricidal h& aga9/ ! p>5t t bore h]8 ,are ri* m5 =ev] to use _! 8?irty pieces ( silv]10 or _! 8t5 ?\s& p\nds /]l+10 or _! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s1 to rew>d ! ,judases = betray+ _! ,savior8 ,view$ by ! light ( our increas$ k1 & by our m elevat$ /&>d ( duty1 ! ext5sion ( slav]y into ,cali=nia or ,new ,mexico1 at ! pres5t "t1 or ev5 ! suff]ance ( x !re1 is a va/ly great] crime ?an 0 ! ,african slave trade itself1 9 ! la/ c5tury2 & ,i w\ld r meet ! doom ( po/]ity1 or ( heav51 = be+ engag$ 9 ! traffic !n1 ?an = be+ accessory to its propagation n[4 ,let ^? :o aid1 abet1 or connive at slav]y ext5sion n[1 z !y read ! damn+ s5t5ce :i* hi/ory has aw>d$ aga9/ ! actors1 abettors1 & conniv]s ( ! ,african trade1 b *ange ! names1 & !y w be read+ ( !mselves4 ,%\ld our new t]ritories be h]eaft] fill$ ) groan+ bondm51 %\ld !y become an ,am]ican ,egypt1 tyranniz$ ov] by t5 ?\s& ,ph>aohs1 x w be no def5ce = ^? :o p]mitt$ x1 to say1 8,we hop$1 we suppos$1 we tru/$1 t slav]y c\ld n g !re20 ,nemesis1 z %e plies h] scorpion la%1 w reply1 8,y might h made x c]ta940 ,on ?is great "q ( fre$om or slav]y1 ,i h obs]v$ ) grief1 nay1 ) angui%1 t we1 at ! nor?1 break up into ho/ile p>ties1 hurl crim9ations & recrim9ations to & fro1 & exp5d t /r5g? = ! ru9 ( ea* o!r1 :i* %\ld be direct$ aga9/ ! enemies ( lib]ty2 :ile1 at ! s\?1 :5ev] slav]y is 9 jeop>dy1 all p>ty l9es are oblit]at$1 diss5sions are heal$1 enemies become fri5ds1 & all are f\nd 9 a solid column1 ) an unbrok5 front4 ,are ! *ildr5 ( d>kness to be =ev] s mu* wis] ?an ! *ildr5 ( light8 ,9 ! rec5t *oice ( delegates = ! ,na%ville conv5tion1 ,i h n se5 a s+le in/ance :]e ,:ig & ,democrat h n be5 *os5 z ?\gh !y 7 ,siamese tw9s1 & mu/ g toge!r4 ,b "h x (t5 happ5s1 t z soon z "o p>ty is kn[n to be 9 favor ( "o man1 ?is pref]5ce alone is deem$ a suffici5t reason :y ano!r p>ty %\ld oppose him4 ,:y c we n comb9e = ! sacr$ cause ( fre$om1 z !y comb9e = slav]y8 ,no ?\ght or desire is fur!r f my m9d ?an t ( int]f]+ ) any man's "r ( suffrage2 b if1 7:i* is by no means impossible1 nor p]haps improbable17 ! fate ( ,new ,mexico %\ld be decid$ by "o vote1 & my vote %\ld h be5 ! cause ( a vacancy 9 any ,congressional di/rict t might h s5t a fri5d to fre$om1 ,i %\ld say1 ) ,ca91 8,my puni%m5t is great] ?an ,i c be>40 ,on ! subject ( ! pres5t ali5ation & discord betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\?1 ,i wi% to say t ,i h z /rong a desire = reconciliation & amity z any "o c h4 ,!re is no pecuni>y sacrifice )9 ! limits ( ! con/itution1 :i* ,i w\ld n will+ly make = s desirable an object4 ,public rev5ues ,i w\ld appropriate1 private taxation ,i w\ld endure1 to relieve ?is o!rwise ?rice-glori\s republic f ! calamity & ! wrong ( slav]y4 ,i w\ld n only resi/ ! devil1 b if he w flee f me1 ,i w build a bridge ( gold to facilitate 8 escape4 ,i m5tion ?is to prove t x is n ! value1 9 money1 ( t]ritorial fre$om1 = :i* ,i cont5d1 b its value 9 "*1 9 ju/ice1 9 human happ9ess4 ,:ile ,i utt]ly d5y ! claim set up by ! s\?1 yet ,i w\ld gladly cons5t t my s\!rn fell[-citiz5s %\ld g to ! t]ritories & c>ry !re e k9d ( prop]ty :i* ,i c c>ry2 ,i w\ld !n give to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates _! full %>e ( all ! income ev] to be d]iv$ f ! sales ( ! public l&s1 or ! leas+ ( ! public m9es2 & :atev]1 aft] ?is d$uction1 0 left 9 ! public treasury1 %\ld be appropriat$ = ! :ole nation1 z has be5 ! practice h]et(ore4 ,t is1 9 consid]ation ( exclud+ slav]y f ! t]ritories1 ,i w\ld give ! s\? a d\ble %>e1 or ev5 a ?ree-fold %>e1 ( all ! income t may ev] be d]iv$ f !m4 ,pecuni>y surr5d]s ,i w\ld gladly make = ! sake ( peace1 b n = peace itself w\ld ,i surr5d] lib]ty4 ,x w\ld be to suppose our m]*ants & manufactur]s void ( common =esight1 c\ld !y believe t concession n[ w br+ security h]eaft]4 ,by yield+ ! moral "q1 !y jeop>d _! pecuni>y int]e/s4 ,%\ld ! s\? succe$ 9 _! pres5t attempt ^u ! t]ritories1 !y w impati5tly await ! retirem5t ( ,g5]al ,taylor f ! executive *air1 to add ! 8,/ate ( ,cuba10 ) its #ejj1jjj slaves1 its ignorance & its demoralization1 to _! roll ( triumph4 ,cali=nia w be a free-trade /ate1 by ! mo/ c]ta9 ( all biases4 ,!y w h no?+ to sell b gold2 !y w h e ?+ to buy1--cradles & c(f9s1 & all betwe54 ,if ,new ,mexico is slave1 x w also be free trade2 & ,cuba z c]ta9ly z ei!r1--?\gh 9 t isl& facilities = smuggl+ w r$uce ! diff]5ce betwe5 t>iff & free trade to no?+4 ,a surr5d]1 !re=e1 by our nor!rn bus9ess m51 w be mo/ disa/r\s to ! v bus9ess t tempts !m to surr5d]4 ,w !y take no w>n+ f ! fact t _! apa?y 9 reg>d to ,texas repeal$ ! t>iff ( #ahdb8 ,?is is a l[ motive1 ,i admit2 b x may be set z a back-fire to ! motive by :i* "s ( !m appe> to be influ5c$4 ,!re 0 no ne$1 n a %ad[ ( ne$1 ( p]ill+ any pr9ciple1 nor any int]e/4 ,_h ! nor? /ood firm1 _h !y be5 true to ! great pr9ciples !y h s (t5 & s solemnly proclaim$1 ! waves ( s\!rn viol5ce w\ld h /ruck h>mless at _! feet4 ,he is n le>n$ 9 ! wea!r :o does n "k t /orms f ! s\?1 ?\gh viol5t1 are %ort4 ,we are assail$ n[ because we h yield$ be=e4 ,! compromise ( #ahbj begat ! nullification ( #ahcb2 ! compromise ( #ahcb inspir$ ! mad exploit ( compass+ ,texas1 :i* our great] madness made sane4 ,! moral p>alysis :i* fail$ to oppose ! ,mexican w>1 has giv5 u ! t]ritories4 ,if ! t]ritories are n[ surr5d]$1 we %all h ,cuba1 & an indef9ite c>e] ( conque/ & ( slav]y w be op5$ on our s\?-we/]n bord]4 ,e new concession transf]s /r5g? f our side to ! side ( our oppon5ts2 & if we _c arre/ our own c\rse :5 we are j ent]+ ! rapids1 h[ c we arre/ x :5 we come ne> ! v]ge ( ! cat>act8 ,! s\? may rule ! ,union1 b !y _c divide x4 ,_! :ole ,atlantic seabo>d is op5 to attack1 & p[]less = def5ce2 & ! ,mississippi ,riv] may z easily be divid$ physically z politically into indep5d5t portions4 ,) ^! advantages1 let u nev] aggress ^u _! rights1 b let u ma9ta9 our own4 ,fell[-citiz5s1 ,i w\ld gladly relieve ! d>kness ( ?is picture by "s gleams ( light4 ,!re are two hopes :i*1 z yet1 are n :olly ext+ui%$ 9 my m9d4 ,beyond all "q1 a compromise bill w be report$ by ! committee ( ?irte51 9 :i* free ,cali=nia w be made to c>ry z great a burd5 ( slav]y z %e c be>4 ,x is /ill possible t ! ,h\se w treat1 z x des]ves1 ?is adult]\s union4 ,a s+le vote may turn ! scale1 & ,massa*usetts may give t vote4 ,n improbably1 too1 ! fate ( ! bill may dep5d ^u ! e>ne/ness & decision ) :i* nor!rn con/itu5cies make _! s5tim5ts kn[n to _! repres5tatives1 :e!r by petitions1 by private lett]s1 or by public resolutions4 ,let e lov] ( fre$om d 8 be/ & 8 mo/4 ,%\ld ! nor? fail1 ,i h /ill "o hope m4 ,x is1 t ,new ,mexico w d = h]self :at we %all h basely fail$ to d = h]4 ,if bo? ^! hopes fail1 our c\ntry is doom$ to run its unob/ruct$ c>e] ( conque/1 ( despotism1 & ( infamy4 ,i h n[1 my fell[-citiz5s1 giv5 y my 8,views & ,op9ions0 on ! pres5t crisis 9 our public affairs4 ,_h ,i reg>d$ my own feel+s1 ,i %\ld h spok5 less at l5g?2 b ! subject has comm&$ me4 ,i tru/ ,i h spok5 respectfully t[>ds ^? f :om ,i diss5t1 :ile speak+ my own s5tim5ts ju/ly & truly4 ,i h us$ no asp]ity2 = all my emotions h be5 ( grief1 & n ( ang]4 ,my words h be5 cool z ! telegraphic wires1 :ile my feel+s h be5 l ! lightn+ t runs ?r\gh !m4 ,! idea t ,massa*usetts %\ld contribute or cons5t to ! ext5sion ( human slav]y6--is x n en\gh1 n m]ely to ar\se ! liv+ f _! torpor1 b ! dead f _! graves6 ,7 ,i to help ?is1 nay1 did ,i n oppose x ) all ! p[]s & faculties :i* ,god has giv5 me1 ,i %\ld see myriads ( agoniz$ faces gl>+ out ^u me f ! future1 m t]rible ?an ,duncan's at ,macbe?2 & ,i w\ld r feel an assass9's poni>d 9 my brea/ ?an =ev] h]eaft] to see 8! air-drawn dagg]0 ( a guilty memory4 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 ! great drama ( ! revolution began4 ,"s ( its h]oes yet survive among/ u4 ,at ,lex+ton1 at ,concord1 & on ,bunk] ,hill1 ! grass /ill gr[s gre5] :]e ! soil 0 fatt5$ ) ! blood ( our fa!rs4 ,if1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 we mu/ be vanqui%$ 9 ?is conte/1 let x be by =ce ( ! ov]ma/]+ & inscrutable p[]s above u1 & n by our own base des]tion4 ,i am1 g5tlem51 y\r mu* honor$1 oblig$1 & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,lett] ,,ii4 ,,to ,,! ,,editors ,,( ,,! ,,bo/on ,,atlas2 ,,g5tlem52 ,y\r semi-weekly ( ! #a/ in/ant conta9s a lett] ( ! ,hon4 ,daniel ,web/]1 to c]ta9 citiz5s ( ,newburyport1 9 :i* he has be5 pleas$ to ref] to me1 & p>ticul>ly to a passage 9 ! lett] :i* ,i address$ to a portion ( my con/itu5ts1 on ! #c;d ( ,may la/1 ! prec$+ ,lett]4 ,8 ref]5ce to me is ( s extraord9>y a "*1 bo? z to mann] & matt]1 t ,i wi% to reply4 ,to prev5t all *ance ( mi/ake1 ,i quote ! foll[+ passages3-- 8,b1 at ! same "t1 no?+ is m false ?an t su* jury trial is dem&$ 9 cases ( ?is k9d by ! con/itution1 ei!r 9 its lett] or 9 its _s4 ,! con/itution decl>es t 9 all crim9al prosecutions !re %all be a trial by jury4 ,! claim+ ( a fugitive slave is n a crim9al prosecution4 8,! con/itution also decl>es t 9 suits at common law ! trial by jury %all be pres]v$2 ! reclaim+ ( a fugitive slave is n a suit at ! common law2 & !re is no o!r clause or s5t5ce 9 ! con/itution hav+ ! lea/ be>+ on ! subject4 8,i h se5 a publication by ,mr4 ,horace ,mann1 a memb] ( ,congress f ,massa*usetts1 9 :i* ,i f9d ?is s5t5ce4 ,speak+ ( ! bill be=e ! ,s5ate1 he says3 #8,?is bill d]ides ! trial by jury secur$ by ! con/itution4 ,a man may n lose 8 horse )\t a "r to ?is trial1 b he may lose 8 fre$om4 ,mr4 ,web/] speaks = ! s\? & = slav]y1 n = ! nor? & = fre$om1 :5 he ab&ons ?is "r4' ,?is p]sonal vitup]ation does n annoy me1 b ,i lam5t to see a public man ( ,massa*usetts s crude & confus$ 9 8 legal appreh5sions1 & s little acqua9t$ ) ! con/itution ( 8 c\ntry1 z ^! op9ions ev9ce ,mr4 ,mann to be4 ,8 citation ( a suppos$ case1 z 9 po9t1 if x h any analogy to ! matt]1 w\ld prove t1 if ,mr4 ,mann's horse /ray into 8 neighbor's field1 he _c lead him back )\t a previ\s trial by jury to asc]ta9 ! "r4 ,truly1 if :at ,mr4 ,mann says ( ! provisions ( ! con/itution 9 ?is publication be a te/ ( 8 accuracy 9 ! und]/&+ ( t in/rum5t1 he w\ld d well n to seek to protect 8 peculi> notions "u its sanction1 b to appeal at once1 z o!rs d1 to t high] au?ority :i* sits en?ron$ above ! con/itution & above ! law40 ,i mu/ d5y ?is *>ge ( 8p]sonal vitup]ation20 no?+ 0 fur!r f my ?\ghts2 & ,i regret t ,mr4 ,web/]1 :ile disclaim+ 8annoyance0 at :at ,i said1 %\ld betray x4 ,i believe e "p ( my 8,lett]0 to be )9 ! b\nds ( c\rte\s & respectful discussion4 ,!re is no?+ 9 x :i* might n pass betwe5 g5tlem51 )\t int]rupt+ relations ( civility or fri5d%ip4 ,?\gh full ( regret at 8 novel position1 & ( diss5t f 8 unwont$ doctr9es1 yet x ab\nds 9 pro(s ( def]5ce to himself4 ,i mu/ n[1 h[ev]1 be p]mitt$ to add t ! highe/ em95ce becomes un5viable :5 x bre$s intol]ance ( diss5t1 or b>s out ! humble/ man f a free expression ( op9ion4 ,mr4 ,web/] 8lam5ts to see a public man ( ,massa*usetts s crude & confus$ 9 8 legal appreh5sions1 & s little acqua9t$ ) ! con/itution ( 8 c\ntry1 z ^! op9ions ev9ce ,mr4 ,mann to be40 ,yet he po9ts out no error ( op9ion4 ,he specifies no?+ z uns\nd4 ,judgm5t & condemnation alone appe>4 ,he seems to h tak5 x = grant$ t he _h only to say ,i 0 guilty1 & !n proce$ to puni%4 ,i prote/ aga9/ & impugn ?is me?od ( proce$+1 by any man1 h[ev] high1 aga9/ any man1 h[ev] humble4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,web/] p5n$ 8 8lam5tations0 ov] my crud5ess1 confusion1 & ignorance1 he d\btless meant to deal me a mortal bl[4 ,! bl[ 0 c]ta9ly heavy3 b ! "q /ill rema9s1 :e!r x hit4 ,polyphemus /ruck h>d bl[s1 b 8 bl9dness left ! objects ( 8 passions unh>m$4 ,b :]e9 d ^? errone\s 8op9ions0 consi/1 :i* ,mr4 ,web/] does n deign to specify1 b assumes to condemn8 ,=tunately1 9 writ+ ! s5t5ce :i* he quotes = animadv]sion1 ,i foll[$ ! precise mean+ ( ,judge ,/ory1 z laid d[n 9 8 ,comm5t>ies2 & 9 reg>d to ! only po9t :i* is op5 to a "q1 ,i took ! exact words ( t great juri/4 ,he speaks ( 8! "r ( a trial by jury1 9 civil cases10 z an exi/+ "r be=e ! sev5? article ( am5dm5t to ! con/itution1 :i* pres]ves ?is "r 89 suits at common law10 _h be5 adopt$4 7#c ,comm41 #fbh47 ,in/ead ( transcrib+ ,judge ,/ory's words1 89 civil cases10 :i* pres5t no di/9ct image to common m9ds1 ,i suppos$ ! e-day case ( litigation respect+ a horse1 :i* is a 8civil case20 & ?is diff]5ce ( =m is ! only diff]5ce betwe5 my language & t ( ! le>n$ judge4 ,i c wi% ,mr4 ,web/] no m fitt+ retribution1 aft] repos+ f ?is ill-temp]$ attack ^u me1 ?an to awake & f9d t x 0 ,judge ,/ory :om he _h be5 malign+4 ,does n ! au?ority ( ,judge ,black/one also support my position8 ,he says1-- 8,recapture or reprisal is ano!r species ( rem$y1 by ! m]e act ( ! p>ty injur$4444 ,b z ! public peace is a sup]ior consid]ation to any "o man's private prop]ty2 & z1 if individuals 7 once all[$ to use private =ce z a rem$y = private injuries1 all social ju/ice mu/ cease1 ! /rong w\ld give law to ! weak1 & e man w\ld rev]t to a /ate ( nature2 = ^! reasons1 x is provid$ t ?is natural "r ( recaption %all nev] be ex]t$1 :]e su* ex]tion mu/ occasion /rife & bodily cont5tion1 or endang] ! peace ( society4 ,if1 = in/ance1 my horse is tak5 away1 & ,i f9d him 9 a common1 a fair1 or a public inn1 ,i may lawfully seize him to my own use2 b ,i _c ju/ify break+ op5 a private /able1 or ent]+ on ! gr\nds ( a ?ird p]son1 to take him1 %\ld he be feloni\sly /ol52 b mu/ h rec\rse to an action at law40--,comm4 #d1 #e4 ,b ! op9ion express$ by me on ?is po9t does n ne$ ! au?ority ( any "n to support x2 & ! illu/ration :i* ,i gave is n only intelligible to e s5sible man1 b is also apposite4 ,i said 8a man may n lose 8 horse1 i4 e4 8 prop]ty 9 a horse1 )\t a "r to ?is trial40 ,mr4 ,web/]'s comm5t is1 t ?is case1 8if x h any analogy to ! matt]10 means1 t if a man's horse 8/ray into 8 neighbor's field1 he _c lead him back )\t a previ\s trial by jury to asc]ta9 ! "r40 ,0 ev] ! pla9 mean+ ( a s5t5ce m exactly *ang$ ab\t1 end = end8 ,mr4 ,web/] may pit* som]sets ) 8 own doctr9es1 b he has no "r to pit* !m ) m9e4 ,i said a man may n lose 8 horse1 or 8 prop]ty 9 a horse1 )\t a "r to ! trial by jury4 ,he says ,i said1 a man _c f9d or retake a lo/ horse1 )\t a previ\s trial6 ,dulce e/ desip]e 9 loco4 ,or1 x is pleasant to see a grave s5ator play ^u words2--?\gh !re %\ld be "s wit to r$eem x f pu]ility4 ,b ! *ildi%ness ( ?is criticism is n its wor/ feature4 ,:at is ! great tru? :i* ,mr4 ,web/] & 8 apologi/s attempt "h to ridicule8 ,x is ?is3 ,:ile e man among/ u1 9 reg>d to any piece ( prop]ty wor? m ?an tw5ty doll>s1 ( :i* viol5ce or fraud may attempt to despoil him1 has a "r to a trial by jury2 yet a man's fre$om1 & t ( 8 po/]ity =ev]1 may be wre/$ f him1 z our law n[ /&s1 )\t su* a trial4 ,does n ?is hold a man's fre$om to be ( less value ?an tw5ty doll>s8 ,if two adv]se claimants conte/ title to an alleg$ slave1 ^: m>ket value is m ?an ?is sum1 ea* is entitl$ to a jury to try ! fact ( own]%ip4 ,b if ! alleg$ slave decl>es1 "h1 9 ,massa*usetts1 t he owns himself1 he is deb>r$ f ?is "r4 ,& ?is tru?1 or a common illu/ration ( x1 ,mr4 ,web/] & 8 apologi/s ?9k a suitable topic = sne]s or pleasantry6 ,a ,fr5* prov]b says1 t = a man to kill 8 "m is n 9 good ta/e4 ,i tru/ ! moral & religi\s p ( ,massa*usetts h too mu* good ta/e to reli% jokes on su* a !me4 ,aga92 ,i said t ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill 8d]ides0 ! trial by jury4 ,by t bill e commission] & cl]k ( a ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt1 e m>%al & collector ( ! cu/oms1 & ! sev5te5 ?\s& po/ma/]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are sev]ally inve/$ ) jurisdiction & au?ority 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to deliv] any man1 woman1 or *ild 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 into cu/ody1 z a slave1 on ! /r5g? ( an ex p>te affidavit1 made any :]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is affidavit may h be5 made a ?\s& miles (f1 by no "o kn[s :om1 & c]tifi$ to by a p]son :o nev] saw or he>d ( ! individual nam$ 9 x4 ,a =g$ affidavit1 or a fictiti\s affidavit1 w\ld (t5 answ] ! purpose z well2 = h[ difficult1 & 9 _m cases1 h[ impossible1 to prove its spuri\sness4 ,did oppression ev] be=e conceive su* a tribunal1 s c\ntless 9 numb]s1 s ample 9 jurisdiction1 s t]rible 9 p[]8 ,_h a bill simil> to ?is be5 propos$ 9 ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 f #agfc to #aggf1 :at w\ld our fa!rs h said ( x8 ,yet ?is bill1 ) "s k9dr$ am5dm5ts1 height5+ its features ( atrocity1 ,mr4 ,web/] promis$ 8to support1 ) all its provisions1 to ! fulle/ ext5t40 ,:at aggravates ! wrong1 is1 t ! cruelties ( ! measure w fall ^u ! poor1 ! helpless1 ! ignorant1 ! unfri5d$4 ,! bill w\ld h be5 f> less disgraceful1 _h its provisions borne ^u ! m5 :o %\ld pass x2 because1 9 su* case1 !re w\ld h be5 a t\* ( equality4 ,n[1 if ?is bill does n 8d]ide0 all gu>anties = ! protection ( human lib]ty1 x is only because my ^w ( reprobation is too weak4 ,x is only because "o ne$s 8to te> a leaf f ! curse-book ( ,p&emonium0 9 ord] to describe x by fitt+ epi!ts4 ,ano!r rem>kable feature ( ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill is1 t x provides no p5alty :atev] = any "o :o %all abuse1 or fraudul5tly use1 ! dang]\s au?ority :i* x gives4 ,x furni%es endless temptations & facilities = committ+ wrong2 x imposes no re/ra9ts2 x w>ns by no ?reats ( retribution4 ,mr4 ,web/] calls me to acc\nt = "s unspecifi$ errone\s 8op9ion10 express$ 9 relation to ?is bill4 ,c any op9ion be s false to ! con/itution1 z ?is bill to humanity8 ,i deprecate error ( all sorts2 b hold x to be m v5ial to err 9 judgm5t ?an 9 he>t4 ,i said t 9 promis+ to support ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill1 8) all its provisions1 to ! fulle/ ext5t10 ,mr4 ,web/] 8ab&on$0 ! "r to a trial by jury4 ,i spoke ( him z a s5ator1 z "o :o1 ) 8 co-legislators1 0 b\nd1 9 fulfilm5t ( 8 con/itutional duty1 to secure ?is =m ( trial to ! alleg$ slave1 or to a kn[n freeman seiz$ z a slave4 ,mr4 ,sew>d's bill1 provid+ = ! trial by jury1 9 su* cases1 0 be=e him4 ,he took no notice ( x4 ,he pass$ by 8on ! o!r side10 :ile he be/[$ 8 be/ encomium on ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill1 by promis+ to support x4 ,0 n ?is an 8ab&onm5t10 "u any ( ! synonyms giv5 9 ! diction>y8 ,mr4 ,web/] advises me1 9 a c]ta9 cont+5cy1 8to appeal to t high] au?ority :i* sits en?ron$ above ! con/itution & above ! law40 ,i take no exception to ?is c\nsel1 because ( its (fici\sness1 b w\ld ?ank him = x4 ,my ideas ( duty require me to seek anxi\sly = ! true int]pretation ( ! con/itution1 & !n to abide by x1 unsway$ by hopes or fe>s4 ,if ! con/itution requires me to d any ?+ :i* my s5se ( duty =bids1 ,i %all save my consci5ce by resign+ my (fice4 ,i am free1 h[ev]1 to say1 t if1 9 ! dis*>ge ( my political duties1 ,i %\ld transf] my allegiance to any o!r p[]1 ,i %\ld adopt ,mr4 ,web/]'s ironical advice1 & g to ! p[] 8:i* sits en?ron$ above10 r ?an desc5d to t opposite realm1 :5ce ! bill he s cordially promis$ to support mu/ h em]g$4 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 to rem>k1 t ?\gh ,i ackn[l$ge ! con/itution to be my guide :ile "u oa? to support x1 yet ,i d n reli% ?is fl+ ei!r at ! p[]s above u1 or at ^? :o rev]5ce !m4 ,i hold x to be n only prop]1 b pro( ( s\nd moral & religi\s feel+1 to look to ! p]fect law ( ,god = light to enable u m ju/ly to int]pret ! imp]fect laws ( man4 ,especially1 :5 we are propos+ to make or am5d a law1 ought we to take our gauge ( purpose & ( action f ! highe/ /&>d4 ,noy1 t ,solomon ( ! law1 ?\ght x n improp] to say1 8,! inf]ior law mu/ give place to ! sup]ior2 man's laws to ,god's laws40--,maxims1 pp4 #f1 #g4 8,! law ( ,nature10 says ,black/one1 8be+ coeval ) mank9d1 & dictat$ by ,god himself1 is1 ( c\rse1 sup]ior 9 obligation to any o!r4 ,x is b9d+ all ov] ! globe2 9 all c\ntries1 at all times4 ,no human laws h any validity1 if contr>y to ?is2 & su* ( !m z are valid1 d]ive all _! =ce & all _! au?ority1 m$iately or imm$iately1 f ?is orig9al40--#a ,com4 #da4 ,=tescue1 ! ,*ancellor ( ,h5ry ,,vi41 9 8 ,de ,laudibus ,legum ,angli1 cap4 #db1 has ! foll[+ passage1 ! consid]ation ( :i*1 9 requital = ,mr4 ,web/]'s advice to me1 ,i respectfully comm5d to him3-- 8,t mu/ necess>ily be adjudg$ a cruel law1 :i* augm5ts slav]y1 & dim9i%es lib]ty4 ,= human nature implores1 )\t ceas+1 = lib]ty4 ,slav]y is introduc$ by man1 & ?r\gh 8 vice4 ,b lib]ty is ! gift ( ,god to man4 ,:]e=e1 :5 torn f a man1 x ev] ye>ns to return2 & x is ! same ) e ?+ :5 depriv$ ( its natural lib]ty4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 t man is to be adjudg$ cruel1 :o does n favor lib]ty4 ,by ^! consid]ations ! laws ( ,engl&1 9 e case1 give favor to lib]ty40 ,hav+ def5d$ my own propositions1 ,i %all n[ take ! lib]ty to exam9e "s ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s2 &1 9 s do+1 ,i %all exam9e ! con/itutional provisions = trial by jury1 & =tify my op9ion by hi/orical ref]5ces4 ,i %all consid]1 ,i4 ,:]e ,congress has p[] to provide = su* trial4 ,,ii4 ,:]e x is ! duty ( ,congress to d s4 ,mr4 ,web/] says 8! con/itution decl>es1 t 9 all crim9al prosecutions1 !re %all be a trial by jury20 & t 89 suits at common law ! trial by jury %all be pres]v$40 ,he !n adds1 8,!re is no o!r clause or s5t5ce 9 ! con/itution hav+ ! lea/ be>+ ^u ! subject40 ,m>k 8 words3 8,!re is no o!r clause or s5t5ce 9 ! con/itution1 hav+ ! lea/ be>+ on ! subject40 ,?is ,i d5y4 ,"h ,mr4 ,web/] virtually decl>es t1 b = ! above-nam$ two provisions1 ! "r ( ! trial by jury w\ld n h be5 secur$ to u by ! con/itution 9 any case4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! abs5ce ( ^! provisions1 ,congress w\ld h be5 "u no obligation1 nor w\ld x1 inde$1 h _h any p[]1 to provide by law = su* trials4 ,7 ,i to say t ?is ass]tion bord]s on ! incr$ible1 "o might well ask1 ,:i* side ( ! l9e does x lie8 ,! provision = a trial by jury1 9 crim9al prosecutions1 is 9 ! ?ird clause ( ! second section ( ! ?ird article1 & is repeat$1 & some:at enl>g$1 9 ! fif? & six? articles ( am5dm5t4 ,b ! provision = trial by jury1 9 suits at common law1 is 9 ! sev5? article ( am5dm5t2 & nei!r ?is provision1 nor any semblance ( x1 is to be f\nd1 9 express words1 9 any "p ( ! con/itution z x came f ! h&s ( its fram]s1 & 0 adopt$ by ! /ates4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,web/]1 !n1 ,congress 0 "u no obligation1 & _h no p[]1 to make a law provid+ = trial by jury1 except 9 crim9al prosecutions1 until aft] ! sev5? article ( am5dm5t _h be5 ratifi$2 = if !y _h any su* p[]1 or 7 "u any su* obligation1 x mu/ be by virtue ( "s clause or s5t5ce 9 ! con/itution1 hav+ a 8be>+ ^u ! subject40 ,n[1 ! fir/ session ( ,congress comm5c$ ,m>* #d?1 #aghi1 b ?is sev5? article ( am5dm5t 0 n ratifi$1 & did n become a "p ( ! con/itution1 accord+ to ,hickey1 7,hickey's ,con/4 p4 #cf17 until ,decemb] #ae1 #agia4 ,until ?is "t1 !re=e1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,web/]1 ! con/itution _h secur$ no "r to a trial by jury1 except 9 ! case ( crim9al prosecutions2 because1 until ?is "t1 !re 0 no clause or s5t5ce 9 x 8hav+ ! lea/ be>+ on ! subject0 ( jury trials 9 any b crim9al cases4 ,yet1 on ! #bd? ( ,septemb]1 #aghi1 & m ?an two ye>s previ\s to ! adoption ( ! sev5? am5dm5t1 7by :i* alone1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,web/]1 !y _h any p[] to act 9 ! premises17 ,congress did pass ! judici>y act2 by ! n9?1 twelf?1 & ?irte5? sections ( :i* x is provid$1 t ! trial ( issues 9 fact1 9 ! di/rict c\rts1 9 ! circuit c\rts1 & 9 ! supreme c\rt1 %all1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 be by jury4 ,! act also emp[]s ! c\rts to grant new trials 8= reasons = :i* new trials h usually be5 grant$ 9 ! c\rts ( law40 ,9 :at c\rts ( law8 ,did x n mean ! c\rts 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 & ^? 9 ?is c\ntry =m$ aft] t ance/ral model8 ,& does n ?is %[ beyond "q or cavil1 t ! pr9ciple ( ! jury trial1 9 civil cases1 0 incorporat$ into ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 orig9ally2 & t x 0 univ]sally und]/ood to be s by its fram]s1 & by _! contempor>ies1 ! memb]s ( ! fir/ ,congress8 ,f ! con/itution alone1 !n1 & n f any p[] above x1 or outside ( x1 did ,congress d]ive its p[]1 on ! #bd? ( ,septemb]1 #aghi1 & m ?an two ye>s be=e ! sev5? am5dm5t 0 adopt$1 to pass ! judici>y act1 & to fill x full ( ! fact & ! doctr9e ( jury trials 9 civil cases4 ,& if ,congress1 at t "t1 _h legislat$ on ! subject ( fugitive slaves1 w\ld x n h _h ! same p[] to provide ! trial by jury1 to det]m9e ! "q1 slave or free1 z x _h to provide = ?is mode ( trial 9 o!r cases8 ,all ! /ate conv5tions = adopt+ ! con/itution1 ^: debates are pres]v$1 & all ! lead+ m5 :o figur$ 9 !m1 held1--contr>y to ,mr4 ,web/]1--t ! ?ird article 9 ! con/itution1 provid+ = c\rts1 c>ri$ jury trials 9 civil cases ) x4 ,mr4 ,m>%all1 aft]w>ds ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 said 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 8,does ! ^w c\rt1 9 ! con/itution1 only mean ! judges8 ,does n ! det]m9ation ( a jury necess>ily lead to ! judgm5t ( ! c\rt8 ,is !re any ?+ :i* gives ! judges exclusive jurisdiction ( matt]s ( fact8 ,:at is ! object ( a jury trial8 ,to in=m ! c\rt ( ! facts4 ,:5 a c\rt has cognizance ( facts1 does x n foll[ t !y c make inquiry by a jury8 ,x is impossible to be o!rwise40--#c ,elliott's ,debates1 #ejf4 ,! ?ird article 9 ! ,virg9ia bill ( rights 0 z foll[s3-- 8,9 controv]sies respect+ prop]ty1 & 9 suits betwe5 man & man1 ! anci5t trial by jury is pref]able to any o!r1 & ought to be held sacr$40 ,?is article be+ read 9 ! conv5tion1 ,judge ,m>%all said ! trial by jury 0 z well secur$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 z by ! ,virg9ia bill ( rights4--,ib4 #ebd4 ,he said ?is 9 ref]5ce to civil cases4 ,9 ! ,massa*usetts conv5tion1 x 0 said1 )\t a d\bt's be+ express$ f any qu>t]1 t 8! ^w c\rt does n1 ei!r by popul> or te*nical con/ruction1 exclude ! use ( a jury to try facts4 ,:5 p 9 common language talk ( a trial at ! c\rt ( common pleas1 or ! supreme judicial c\rt1 d !y n include all ! bran*es & memb]s ( su* c\rts1 ! jurors z well z ! judges8 ,!y c]ta9ly d1 :e!r !y m5tion ! jurors expressly or n4 ,our /ate legislators h con/ru$ ! ^w c\rt 9 ! same way40--#b ,elliott's ,debates1 #abg4 ,su* 0 ! doctr9e ma9ta9$ by ! lead+ m9ds ( ! /ate conv5tions2 by ,*ri/oph] ,gore1 9 ,massa*usetts2 by ,judge ,wilson1 & ,*ief ,ju/ice ,mc,kean1 9 ,p5nsylvania2 by ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 ,judge ,p5dleton1 & ,mr4 ,madison1 9 ,virg9ia2 by ,judge ,ir$ell1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & _m o!r di/+ui%$ names4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 objection 0 made to ! con/itution because x did n expressly secure to ! accus$ ! privilege ( *all5g+ or except+ to jurors 9 crim9al cases4 ,b ,mr4 ,p5dleton1 ! ,presid5t ( ! conv5tion1 & = s _m ye>s aft]w>ds ! highe/ judicial (fic] 9 ! /ate1 repli$3 8,:5 ! con/itution says t ! trial %all be by jury1 does x n say t e incid5t w g along ) x80--#c ,elliott's ,debates1 #dig4 ,s :5 ! con/itution provid$ = 8c\rts10 & def9$ _! jurisdiction1 x cle>ly contemplat$ ! trial by jury1 9 reg>d to all su* rights ( ! citiz5 z _h be5 usually1 !ret(ore1 tri$ by a jury4 ,congress1 inde$1 might fail to p]=m its duty2 b 9 su* case1 no provisions ( ! con/itution1 h[ev] express & p]emptory1 w\ld secure ! rights ( ! p4 ,x is p]fectly well kn[n to e /ud5t ( ! con/itution1 t ! only reason :y t in/rum5t did n make express provision = ! trial by jury1 9 civil cases1 0 ! difficulty ( runn+ ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! _m cases t %\ld be s tri$1 & ! few t %\ld n4 ,all 7 agre$ t n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( all civil cases %\ld be tri$ by jury2 b !y c\ld n agree ^u ! classes ( cases f :i* ! rema9+ "o p] c5t4 %\ld be tak54 ,9 ?is connection1 x is wor? :ile to notice ! head+ or preamble ( ! jo9t resolutions = submitt+ c]ta9 propos$ am5dm5ts ( ! con/itution to ! /ates1 among :i* 0 ! sev5?4 ,x is z foll[s3-- 8,! conv5tions ( a numb] ( ! /ates hav+ at ! "t ( _! adopt+ ! con/itution express$ a desire1 9 ord] to prev5t miscon/ruction or abuse ( its p[]s1 t fur!r decl>atory or re/rictive clauses %\ld be add$2 & z ! ext5d+ ! gr\nd ( public confid5ce 9 ! gov]nm5t w be/ insure ! b5efic5t ends ( its in/itution1 ,,resolv$10 c4 ,f ?is x appe>s t ! fir/ ,congress only propos$ to submit c]ta9 8fur!r decl>atory & re/rictive clauses10 :i* 7 8to prev5t miscon/ruction or abuse ( its p[]s40 ,?is head+ or title1 ( c\rse1 does n enl>ge or limit ! mean+ ( ! am5dm5ts2 b x %[s ! view :i* _! au?ors _h ( _! scope & int5dm5t4 ,& :at is ! sev5? am5dm5t b a 8decl>atory & re/rictive clause10 secur+ ! trial by jury1 9 cases at common law1 8:]e ! value 9 controv]sy %all exce$ tw5ty doll>s10 & ab&on+ x :]e ! value is less8 ,! phraseology ( ! am5dm5t is full ( significance3 8,! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$40 ,n creat$1 b pres]v$4 ,n in/itut$ de novo1 b cont9u$4 ,w ,mr4 ,web/] tell me1 h[ a "r c be pres]v$1 :i* does n already exi/8 ,9 speak+ ( ! trial by jury1 9 crim9al cases1 ,judge ,/ory uses ! same ^w4 ,he says x 0 8pres]v$40 ,9 nei!r class ( cases1 civil or crim9al1 0 x ev] ab&on$ or lo/1 ?r\gh ! fault ( ! con/itution4 ,if n always enjoy$ by ! citiz51 x has be5 ?r\gh ! d]eliction ( ,congress 9 n pass+ ! requisite laws4 ,! great m5 :o submitt$ ?is sev5? am5dm5t to ! /ates1 treat$ ! trial by jury1 9 civil cases1 z a !n subsi/+ con/itutional "r4 ,!y pass$ a law to put ! practical enjoym5t ( ?is "r into ! h&s ( ! p1 well kn[+ t !re is sc>cely a "r :i* we hold "u ! con/itution :i* we c b5eficially possess or use1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( "s law1 z its *annel or m$ium4 ,suppose ?is sev5? am5dm5t _h nev] be5 adopt$1 on :at gr\nd w\ld ! trial by jury1 9 civil cases1 h re/$ up to ! pres5t day8 ,c\ld x h be5 tak5 f u all1 9 all cases except crim9al ones1 by any corrupt ,congress8 ,9 ass]t+1 !re=e1 t1 besides ! ref]5ces he has made1 !re is n ano!r 8clause or s5t5ce 9 ! con/itution1 hav+ ! lea/ be>+ on ! subject0 ( jury trials1 ,mr4 ,web/] is contradict$ by ! memb]s ( ! g5]al conv5tion1 by ! /ate conv5tions1 by ! s5ators & repres5tatives1 :o pass$ ! judici>y act1 by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton :o sign$ x1 & by all ! judges :o adm9i/]$ t act until ! sev5? am5dm5t 0 adopt$4 ,,ii4 ,:]e x is ! duty ( ,congress to provide = trial by jury4 ,b ano!r ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s ass]tions is /ill m extraord9>y4 ,he says 8no?+ is m false ?an t su* jury trial1 a trial by jury = an alleg$ slave1 or = a freeman claim$ z a slave1 is dem&$ by ! con/itution1 ei!r 9 its lett] or 9 its _s40 ,i make a prelim9>y rem>k ^u ! grossness ( ! error embodi$ 9 ! =m ( ?is proposition4 8,no?+ is m false20 t is1 if ,i1 or any "o1 _h affirm$ t our con/itution =bids trial by jury1 9 all cases1 "u p5alty ( dea?2 or t x creates an h]$it>y despotism2 or t x e/abli%es ! ,ca?olic religion1 ) ! accompanim5t ( an inquisition = ea* /ate2 or t x does all ^! ?+s toge!r2 x w\ld n be m 8false0 to ! 8_s0 ( ! con/itution1 ?an to say t x dem&s ! trial by jury1 :5 a man :o is seiz$ z a slave1 b :o ass]ts t he is free1 invokes its protection4 ,b ?is p]ta9s to ! =m only ( 8 ass]tion1 & is immat]ial to ! argum5t4 ,i proce$ to inquire :e!r its sub/ance be n z indef5sible z its =m4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s lett]1 he says1 t he sees 8no objection to ! provisions ( ! law0 ( #agic4 ,( c\rse2 = he sees no objection to ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill1 & its am5dm5ts2 b pref]s !m to ,mr4 ,sew>d's4 ,& he n[ says1 !re is no?+ 9 ! lett] or 9 ! 8_s0 ( ! con/itution1 :i* dem&s ! jury trial = an alleg$ slave1 or = a freeman captur$ & ab\t to be c>ri$ away z a slave4 ,feeble & humble z ,i am1 great & =midable z he is1 ,i jo9 issue ) him on ?is mom5t\s "q1 & put myself ^u ! c\ntry4 ,our con/itution1 z ! pres5t g5]ation has always be5 taught1 ye>ns t[>ds lib]ty & ! rights ( man4 ,! trial by jury1 9 ! important cases ( life1 lib]ty1 & prop]ty1 is ess5tial to ^! rights4 ,! two1 !re=e1 h su* close aff9ity = ea* o!r1 z to r5d] x highly probable1 if n morally c]ta91 t ! fram]s ( ! =m] w\ld make provision = ! latt]2 t !y w\ld lay hold ( x1 z by a law ( in/9ct1 to c>ry out _! b5efic5t purposes4 ,! trial by jury 0 necess>y to ! vitality ( ! con/itution2 &1 ,i ?9k1 x w\ld n be too /rong an expression to say t ! con/itution1 z x came f ! h&s ( its f\nd]s1 necessitat$ ! trial by jury4 ,! object = :i* ! con/itution 0 fram$1 z set =? 9 its preamble1--namely1 to 8e/abli% ju/ice10 8promote ! g5]al welf>e10 & 8secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty10 to ! p1--c\ld nev] be accompli%$ )\t ! trial by jury4 ,! preamble is n appeal$ to z a s\rce ( p[]2 b x t\*es1 z by ! f+]1 ! objects :i* x contemplat$2 x sugge/s ! means by :i* its b5efic5t purposes 7 to be fulfill$1 & x indicates ! rules ( int]pretation by :i* all its provisions are to be exp\nd$4 ,& n only ! objects = :i* ! con/itution pr(esses to exi/1 b hi/orical facts f ! "t ( ,magna ,*>ta1 & be=e t "t2 ! practice ( ! ,engli% & ( our ,colonial & ,prov9cial c\rts be=e ! revolution & dur+ ! conf$]acy2--9 f9e1 all analogies & t5d5cies ( con/itutional law1 & :atev] belongs to ideas ( fre$om1 conspire to =ce ! expectation ^u u1 t1 9 a matt] ( su* va/ conc]nm5t z ! life-long lib]ty or bondage ( a man & 8 (fspr+1 x has n left u )\t ! "r ( trial by jury4 ,! v fir/ law 8= ! g5]al good ( ! colony ( ,new ,plym\?10 7#afbc17 01 8t all crim9al acts1 & also all matt]s ( trespasses & ,,debts1 betwe5 man & man1 %\ld be tri$ by ! v]dict ( twelve hone/ m540 ,9 t fe>ful array ( crimes :i* ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce *>ges home ^u ! k+ ( ,great ,brita91 t sublime in/rum5t enum]ates ! foll[+ z among ! mo/ flagiti\s3 8,= depriv+ u1 9 _m cases1 ( ! b5efits ( trial by jury10 & 8= protect+ 8 troops1 by a mock trial1 f puni%m5t = any murd]s :i* !y %\ld commit on ! inhabitants ( ^! /ates40 ,accord+ to ,black/one1 ! "r to a trial by jury _h be5 held1 8"t out ( m9d10 to be ! bir?right ( ,engli%m54 ,! #bi? *apt] ( ! ,great ,*>t] gu>anti$ ?is "r1 n only 9 cases ( lib]ty1 life1 & limb1 b 9 cases ( prop]ty1 real & p]sonal4 ,9 ,engl&1 x has become a traditional say+1 & drops f ! common tongue1 t ! great object ( k+1 lords1 & commons1 is to get twelve m5 into ! jury box4 ,judge ,/ory says1 8,:5 our m imm$iate ance/ors remov$ to ,am]ica1 !y br\ght ?is great privilege ) !m1 z _! bir?right & inh]itance1 z a "p ( t admirable common law :i* _h f5c$ r\nd1 & int]pos$ b>ri]s on e side1 aga9/ ! approa*es ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,x is n[ incorporat$ into all our /ate con/itutions1 z a fundam5tal "r2 & ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld h be5 ju/ly obnoxi\s to ! mo/ conclusive objection1 if x _h n recogniz$ & confirm$ x 9 ! mo/ solemn t]ms40--#c ,com4 #feb1 #c4 ,is x conceivable1 !n1 t ! h]oes & sages ( ! revolution1 :o rose 9 resi/ance to ! mo/ =midable p[] on e>?2 s _m ( :om rose aga9/ _! own k9dr$ 9 ! "m c\ntry1 because !y lov$ lib]ty bett] ?an fa!r or "m1 or bro!r or si/]1 & :o endur$ ! privations & horrors ( a sev5 ye>s' w>2--is x conceivable1 ,i say1 t1 :5 !y _h a*iev$ _! indep5d5ce1 & !re 0 no long] any e>?ly p[] to control !m1 !y %\ld h fram$ a fundam5tal law1 & %\ld n h imbu$ t law ) ! 8_s0 ( ! trial by jury1 z its brea? ( life8 ,z ,briti% subjects1 !y 7 entitl$ to ?is trial4 ,z ,am]icans1 did !y r5\nce x8 ,did !y wage w> = sev5 ye>s 9 ord] to place !mselves 9 a worse condition ?an !y _h be5 plac$ 9 by _! 8tyrant08 ,mr4 ,web/] says !y did4 ,he *>ges ?is inf9ite folly & bl9dness ^u !m1 s+ly & collectively1 "o & all4 ,i w n[ =tify ?is hi/orical view1 by a ref]5ce to "s decisions ( ! supreme c\rt :i* expla9 & def9e ! mean+ ( ! sev5? am5dm5t4#aj ,:at is ! true mean+ ( ^? descriptive words1 8suits at common law08 ,has n ,mr4 ,web/]1 rely+ on 8 high reputation1 dispos$ ( ?is matt] a little too summ>ily8 ,he says1 8,! con/itution decl>es t 9 suits at common law1 ! trial by jury %all be pres]v$20 b he adds1 8,! reclaim+ ( a fugitive slave is n a suit at common law40 ,b ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has furni%$ u ) an au?oritative int]pretation ( ! words ( ! con/itution be>+ on ?is subject4 ,9 ! case ( ,coh5s ,,vs4 ,virg9ia1 #f ,:eaton1 ,r4 #djg1 !y def9e :at is meant by a 8suit40 ,^! are _! words3-- 8,:at is a suit8 ,we und]/& x to be ! prosecution1 or pursuit1 ( "s claim1 dem&1 or reque/4 ,9 law language1 x is ! prosecution ( "s dem& 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 #8,! rem$y = e species ( wrong is1' says ,judge ,black/one1 #8! be+ put 9 possession ( t "r :]e( ! p>ty injur$ is depriv$1' ,! in/rum5ts :]eby ?is rem$y is obta9$ are a div]sity ( suits & actions1 :i* are def9$ by ! ,mirror to be #8! lawful dem& ( "o's "r2' or1 z ,bracton & ,fleta express x 9 ! words ( ,ju/9ian1 #8jus prosequ5di 9 judicio quod alicui debetur1'--7! =m ( prosecut+ 9 trial1 or judgm5t1 :i* is due to any "o47 ,black/one !n proce$s to describe e species ( rem$y by suit2 & !y are all cases :]e ! p>ty su+ claims to obta9 some?+ to :i* he has a "r4 8,to comm5ce a suit is to dem& some?+ by ! in/itution ( process 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2 & to prosecute ! suit is1 accord+ to ! common acceptation ( language1 to cont9ue t dem&40 ,accord+ to ! supreme c\rt1 !n1 a suit is ! prosecution ( "s claim1 dem&1 or reque/4 ,n[1 ! proce$+s = a fugitive slave1 accord+ to ! v lett] ( ! con/itution1 are in/itut$ to prosecute a claim4 ,! p]son held to s]vice or labor is to be deliv]$ up1 8on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due40 ,/ill fur!r1 9 a decision be>+ directly on ! "r to a trial by jury1 ! supreme c\rt h def9$ ! t]m 8common law0 9 special ref]5ce to its mean+ 9 ! am5dm5t to ! con/itution1 :i* secures ?is "r 89 suits at common law40 ,^! are _! words3-- 8,x is well kn[n t 9 civil causes1 9 c\rts ( equity & admiralty1 juries d n int]v5e2 & t c\rts ( equity use ! trial by jury only 9 extraord9>y cases1 to in=m ! consci5ce ( ! c\rt4 ,:51 !re=e1 we f9d t ! #g? am5dm5t requires t ! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$1 9 suits at common law1 ! natural conclusion is1 t ?is di/9ction 0 pres5t to ! m9ds ( ! fram]s ( ! am5dm5t4 ,by common law !y meant :at ! con/itution d5om9at$ 9 ! ?ird article #8law2' n m]ely suits :i* ! common law recogniz$ among its old & settl$ proce$+s2 b suits 9 :i* legal rights 7 to be asc]ta9$ & det]m9$1 9 contradi/9ction to ^? 9 :i* equitable rights alone 7 recogniz$1 & equitable rem$ies 7 adm9i/]$1 or 9 :i*1 z 9 ! admiralty1 a mixture ( public law1 & ( m>itime law & equity1 0 (t5 f\nd 9 ! same suit4 ,probably !re 7 few1 if any1 /ates 9 ! ,union1 9 :i* "s new legal rem$ies1 diff]+ f ! old common law =ms1 7 n 9 use2 b 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! trial by jury int]v5$1 & ! g5]al regulations 9 o!r respects 7 accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! common law4 ,proce$+s 9 cases ( p>tition1 & ( =eign & dome/ic atta*m5t1 might be cit$ z examples v>i\sly adopt$ & modifi$4 ,9 a j s5se1 ! am5dm5t1 !n1 may well be con/ru$ to embrace all suits1 :i* are n ( equity or admiralty jurisdiction1 ,,:atev] ,,may ,,be ,,! ,,peculi> ,,=m ,,:i* ,,!y ,,may ,,assume ,,to ,,settle ,,legal ,,rights40--,p>sons ,,vs4 ,b$=d1 #c ,pet]s's ,rep4 #def1 #g4 ,! la/ s5t5ce ,i h und]scor$4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce1 ! supreme c\rt pla9ly say1 t1 if ! subject matt] ( ! litigation1 or ! object ( ! proce$+1 be to det]m9e a 8legal "r0 :i* 0 =m]ly det]m9$ by a 8suit at common law10 !n su* proce$+ is embrac$ 9 ! sev5? am5dm5t1 & ei!r p>ty 9 int]e/ has a "r to ! trial by jury4 ,n[1 is x n cle> t any proce$+ :i* det]m9es :e!r a man owns himself1 or is own$ by ano!r man1 & :i* deliv]s "o man into ! cu/ody ( ano!r1 z 8 slave1 or refuses s to deliv] him1 is1 8:atev] peculi> =m x may assume10 a proce$+ 8to settle a legal "r10--! highe/ legal "r8 ,x is n a "r 9 equity1 9 admiralty1 or "u ! m>itime law2 b /rictly & exclusively a legal "r1 & no?+ else4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! supreme c\rt1 !n1 9 ! above-cit$ case1 ! p>ties to su* a proce$+ h a "r1 "u ! sev5? am5dm5t1 to a trial by jury4 ,at lea/1 is n su* ! 8_s0 ( ! am5dm5t8 ,b !re is ano!r well-kn[n fact1 :i* gives p]t95ce & /r+5cy to ! above view4 ,at common law1 ! writ de hom9e replegi&o1--! writ ( p]sonal replev91 or = replevy+ a man1--0 an orig9al writ2 a writ :i* ! p>ty c\ld sue out ( "r2 "o to be grant$ on motion1 )\t %[+ cause1 & :i* ! c\rt ( *anc]y c\ld n sup]s$e4 ,x 01 accord+ to ! v language ( our supreme c\rt1 recogniz$ by ! common law 8among its old & settl$ proce$+s40 ,! =m ( x is f\nd 9 t great ars5al ( common law writs1 ! ,regi/rum ,brevium4 ,a man1 says ,comyn1 may h a hom9e replegi&o = a negro2 or = an ,indian br\ght by him into ,engl& & deta9$ f him2 or x may be br\ght by an infant aga9/ 8 te/am5t>y gu>dian2 or by a ville9 aga9/ 8 "l4 7,dig41 ,title ,imprisonm5t1 ,l4 #d47 ,if x c\ld be br\ght by a ville9 aga9/ 8 "l1 !n x 0 ! v writ = an alleg$ slave aga9/ an alleg+ own]4 ,x 0 ! mode provid$ by ! common law = ! det]m9ation ( ! legal "r ass]t$ 9 a human be+4 ,i h always und]/ood t1 be=e ! revolution1 & be=e ! fram+ ( our con/itution1 ,comyn's ,dige/ 0 a "w ( ! highe/ au?ority4 ,x mu/ h be5 well kn[n to all ! lawy]s 9 ! conv5tion4 ,did !y expect1 !n1 t :5 an alleg$ slave1 or a kn[n freeman1 %\ld be seiz$1 t he %\ld be hurri$ into bondage )\t any "r to ?is anci5t munim5t ( ! subject's lib]ties8 ,b 8! reclaim+ ( a fugitive slave10 says ,mr4 ,web/]1 8is n a suit at ! common law40 ,! proce$+s provid$ = by ! /atute ( #agic1 to :i* he 8sees no objection10 h no analogy to ! writ de hom9e replegi&o4 ,b c y de/roy ! "r to a jury trial by *ang+ ! process8 ,a s&-hill] f ,georgia or ,nor? ,c>ol9a _c come to ,massa*usetts & eject ,mr4 ,web/] f 8 ,m>%field f>m )\t be+ compell$ to submit ! "q ( title to a jury4 ,b suppose ,congress %\ld say1 9 effect1 t any "o ( ! sev5te5 ?\s& po/ma/]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates might be br\ght into ,massa*usetts1 7&1 among s num]\s a body1 x is no libel to say !re are "s reckless m517 & t ! said s&-hill] might g be=e ! said import$ po/ma/]1 & aft] pro( 8to 8 satisfaction10 8ei!r by oral te/imony or by affidavit10--an affidavit1 be x rememb]$1 tak5 any :]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--!n ! claimant %all be put into imm$iate possession ( ! said f>m1 ) a "r to recov] co/s2 & suppose ,mr4 ,web/] %\ld spurn ! au?ority ( ?is illegitimate c\rt1 & dem& an obs]vance ( ! anci5t =ms ( law1 & a trial by jury "u ! sev5? am5dm5t2 !n ! claimant has only to borr[ ,mr4 ,web/]'s own words1 & say1 8,?is is n a suit at ! common law30--suppose all ?is1 ,i say1 & ,i w\ld !n ask if su* a proce$+ w\ld be satisfactory to ! la/-nam$ g5tleman8 ,! common s5se ( mank9d is au?ority good en\gh to answ] su* a "q2 b we h high legal au?ority 9 addition4 ,9 ,bak] ,,vs4 ,riddle1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,baldw91 "o ( ! judges ( ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 held t x 0 n 9 ! p[] ( ,congress to take away ! "r ( trial by jury1 secur$ by ! sev5? am5dm5t1 ei!r1--8#a4 ,by an organization ( ! c\rts 9 su* a mann] z n to secure x to suitors20 or1--8#b4 ,by au?oriz+ ! c\rts to ex]cise1 or _! assumption (1 equity or admiralty jurisdiction ov] cases at law40 8,?is am5dm5t10 says he1 8pres]ves ! "r ( jury trial aga9/ any infr+em5t by any dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t40--,baldw9's ,rep4 #djd4 ,n[1 :at 0 ,mr4 ,butl]'s bill b 8a new organization ( ! c\rts10 or1 r1 a new creation ( "s tw5ty ?\s& c\rts1 89 su* a mann] z n to secure ! "r ( trial by jury to suitors80 ,x 01 inde$1 a violation ( bo? ( ! pr9ciples laid d[n by ,judge ,baldw94 ,x 0 ! creation ( tribunals unkn[n to ! common law1 & au?oriz+ ^? tribunals to decide ^u rights n belong+ to ei!r 8equity or admiralty jurisdiction40 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i w ref] to ! case ( ,lee ,,vs4 ,lee1 #h ,pet]s's ,rep4 #dd4 ,by act ( ,congress ( ,april #b1 #ahaf1 x 0 decl>$ t no cause %\ld be remov$ f ! circuit c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia to ! supreme c\rt by appeal or writ ( error1 8unless ! matt] 9 dispute %all be ( ! value ( "o ?\s& doll>s or upw>ds40 ,! pla9tiffs 9 error 7 claim$ z slaves4 ,_! petition = fre$om 9 ! c\rt bel[ _h be5 decid$ aga9/ !m2 & f ?is decision !y appeal$4 ,! def5dant 9 error took ! objection t !y1--_! bodies & s\ls1--7 n wor? "o ?\s& doll>s1 & !re=e t !y _h no "r to appeal4 ,b ! c\rt said1-- 8,! matt] 9 dispute1 9 ?is case1 is ! fre$om ( ! petition]s4 ,! judgm5t ( ! c\rt bel[ is aga9/ _! claims to fre$om2 ! matt] 9 dispute is1 !re=e1 to ! pla9tiffs 9 error1 ! value ( _! fre$om1 & ?is is n susceptible ( a pecuni>y valuation4 ,_h ! judgm5t be5 9 favor ( ! petition]s1 & ! writ ( error br\ght by ! p>ty claim+ to be ! own]1 ! value ( ! slaves z prop]ty w\ld h be5 ! matt] 9 dispute1 & affidavits might be admitt$ to asc]ta9 su* value4 ,b affidavits e/imat+ ! value ( fre$om are entirely inadmissible2 & no d\bt is ent]ta9$ ( ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rt40 ,n[1 if ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 con/ru+ a law1 felt con/ra9$ by _! oa?s to hold ! fre$om ( a man1--( any man1 ?\gh he might be a drivell+ idiot1 or /ret*$ ^u 8 dea? b$1 ) only ano!r h\r to brea!1--to be wor? m ?an a ?\s& doll>s1 h[ c a s5ator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates say1 t 9 pass+ a law1 "u :i* human lib]ty may be reta9$ or lo/1 he is n b\nd at lea/ by ! 8_s0 ( ! con/itution1 if n by its lett]1 to hold t human lib]ty to be ( great] value ?an tw5ty doll>s1 & !re=e to provide ! trial by jury = its protection8 ,:at c prove m /rik+ly t ,mr4 ,web/] violates ! :ole 8_s0 ( ! con/itution1 :5 ! fram]s & ratifi]s ( ?is am5dm5t cov5ant$ = & decre$ ! trial by jury1 = su* a paltry sum ( money2 & :5 ! judges ( ! supreme c\rt held human lib]ty to be wor? m ?an any nameable sum ( money1 :ile he reg>ds x z a ?+ to be dispos$ ( by any corrupt po/ma/]1 :i* any corrupt adm9i/ration may corruptly appo9t4 ,yet he says1 8,no?+ c be m false ?an t a jury trial is dem&$ 9 cases ( ?is k9d by ! con/itution1 ei!r 9 its lett]1 or 9 its _s40 ,i wi% ,i c\ld f9d1 or felt at lib]ty to co9 "s mild] ^w2 b = want ( a bett]1 ,i mu/ say t ,mr4 ,web/] seems to me1 ?r\gh\t ?is :ole matt]1 to dogmatize4 ,he makes /rong ass]tions )\t (f]+ ev5 weak reasons4 ,( ?is "* 0 8 annunciation ( ! discov]y ( a new law1--8! law ( physical geography10--:i* 0 to susp5d moral ag5cy1 & take f man 8 p[] to commit crime aga9/ 8 bro!r2 z ?\gh 9 asc5d+ hill-sides1 fre$om & slav]y lie 9 diff]5t atmosph]ical /rata1 & are b\nd$ by ea* o!r impassably2 z ?\gh !re 7 any m\nta9 s 8exce$+ high10 to ^: top ev5 ,jesus ,*ri/ c\ld g1 t ,satan c\ld n g !re to tempt him4 ,?is does n /rike ! common m9d l a true discov]y2--l ! law ( gravitation1 = in/ance1 discov]$ by ,newton1 or ! exi/5ce ( ! planet ,neptune1 by ,lev]ri]4 ,x is r l t e>lie/ pret5d$ discov]y on record1 :i* 0 design$ to s$uce1 & did s$uce1 ! fir/ p>5ts ( u all4 ,ye may eat ( ! =bidd5 tree1 = ye %all ,,n surely die4 ,s ,mr4 ,web/] says1 ,let slaves be driv5 9 c(fles1 or c>ri$ 9 %ips' holds to ! new t]ritories2 !y _c live !re4 ,w n ! results ( ! two exp]im5ts be> a lively analogy to ea* o!r1 & be likely to reflect simil> cr$it ^u _! au?ors8 ,s1 too1 :5 he tore "s ( ! brighte/ pages f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 by proclaim+ t 8!re is to be f\nd no injunction aga9/ t relation ( slav]y betwe5 man & man1 9 ! tea*+s ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or ( any ( 8 apo/les06 ,^u h[ _m ,*ri/ian he>ts did ?is s5tim5t fall l an ana!ma aga9/ all tru?4 ,he does n say any express injunction1 b 8no injunction20--none ( any k9d4 ,no positive injunction aga9/ slav]y 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t6--a book design$ to regulate our life & condition = two worlds2 yet1 altoge!r1 n s l>ge z _m a congressional report2 less volum9\s ?an ! ord9ances ( _m ( our city gov]nm5ts2--a book1 !re=e1 :i*1 f ! necessity ( ! case1 mu/ deal ) great & immortal pr9ciples1 & c\ld n desc5d into specification & detail2--& because su* a book z ?is conta9s no express injunction aga9/ slav]y1 !re=e slav]y is n =bidd5 by x1 b has ! impli$ approval ( its sil5ce6 ,surely1 nev] 0 !re a m s9i/]1 uns\nd1 un*ri/ian argum5t utt]$ by infidel or pagan4 ,is !re any express injunction 89 ! tea*+s ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or ( any ( 8 apo/les10 comm&+ u to decl>e ! ,african slave trade piracy8 ,is !re any express injunction 89 ! tea*+s ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or ( any ( 8 apo/les10 aga9/ cannibalism8 ,d !y any :]e say1 8,ye %all n eat "o ano!r80 ,yet :at enormity & flagiti\sness w\ld x be to inf]1 t1 !re=e1 m5 & wom5 may turn ogres & ogresses1 & eat human fle% z !y d mutton & sirlo94 ,! inf]5ce 9 ! latt] case is e :it z w>rantable & z s\nd1 z 9 ! =m]4 ,yet ,i consid] t ?is !ological argum5t does n violate ! 8_s0 ( ! gospel1 any m ?an 8 con/itutional argum5t violates ! 8_s0 ( ! con/itution4 ,john ,wesley1 :o _h liv$ amid slav]y1 d5om9ates x ! 8sum ( all villanies10 & if ,*ri/ came into ?is _w & left x1 )\t p]meat+ & saturat+ all 8 tea*+s ) injunctions aga9/ ! inju/ice1 cruelty1 pride1 av>ice1 lu/1 love ( dom9ation1 & love ( adulation1 :i* are ! insep>able accompanim5ts ( slav]y1 !n ,i ?9k ! ,*ri/ian _w w cry out1 t s f> z ?is life is conc]n$1 8 mission 0 sub/antially fruitless4 8,o1 />-ey$ ,sci5ce6 ha/ ?\ w&]$ !re1 ,to br+ u back ^! tid+s ( despair80 ,s1 if ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conta9s n ev5 any impli$ security = ! lib]ty ( all ! color$ population 9 ! free /ates & t]ritories1 & = ! trial by jury z ! only adequate means ( secur+ t lib]ty1 !n w\ld x n be m cr$itable to its fram]s nev] to h put _! signatures to x8 ,let me "h comp>e ! relative value ( life or prop]ty on ! "o side1 ) lib]ty on ! o!r1 & see :at inf]5ce mu/ be drawn 9 favor ( af=d+ z great a protection to ! latt] z to ! =m]4 ,! fif? article ( am5dm5t decl>es t 8no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law40 ,! comm5tators say t ^! words1 8due process ( law10 are ! equival5t ( ! phrase 8! law ( ! l&10 9 ! #bi? *apt] ( ,magna ,*>ta2 & h5ce t 8?is clause 9 effect affirms ! "r ( trial accord+ to ! process & proce$+s ( ! common law20 t is1 by jury4 7,see ,/ory's ,comm4 #ffa2 #b ,in/4 #ej1 #ea2 #b ,k5t's ,comm4 #aj2 #a ,tuck]'s ,black4 ,app4 #cjd47 ,n[1 consid] t ! g5]al "r ( trial by jury1 9 cases ( life1 0 expressly secur$ by ! con/itution z orig9ally adopt$2 t1 some:at m ?an ?ree ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! same "r 0 expressly secur$ = prop]ty1 9 suits at common law1 :5ev] ! value 9 controv]sy %\ld exce$ tw5ty doll>s2 & !n say :e!r !re is n ! /ronge/ implication 9 favor ( ! same "r1 9 cases ( human lib]ty1 :i* is s mu* m preci\s ?an life & prop]ty comb9$4 ,i d n "h say x is an implication t b9ds ! c\rts 9 adm9i/]+ a law4 ,t is n ! po9t "u discussion4 ,b is x n an implication t b9ds ! legislator1 s t :5 legislat+ on ! subject1 he _c consci\sly & wilfully ab&on x )\t infidelity to 8 oa?8 ,i d n believe t _m m5 f ! free /ates w ev] be f\nd 9 ,congress :o w n take ?is view ( ! subject4 ,inde$1 n a few ( ! be/ lawy]s & juri/s h held t ! implication b9ds ! c\rts2 & !re=e t ! /atute ( #agic is uncon/itutional4#aa ,mr4 ,web/] treats ! two cases1 ( fugitives f ju/ice & fugitives f s]vice1 alike2 al?\gh "o c almo/ adopt 8 own language1 & say t 8no?+ is m false0 ?an t !y are alike4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ class1 ! con/itution says1 a p]son 8*>g$0 ) treason1 c42 b 9 reg>d to ! second class1 x says no p]son 8held10 c4 ,accord+ to ! obvi\s int5t ( ?is language1 ! alleg$ fugitive mu/ be prov$ to be held1 b\nd1 obligat$4 ,x is n en\gh t he be *>g$ to be 8held0 to s]vice1 ?\gh x is en\gh t a man be 8*>g$0 ) crime4 ,to br+ ! fir/ case )9 ! legal category ( ! second1 its t]ms %\ld be1 8a p]son guilty ( treason10 c41 %all be deliv]$ up4 ,7 su* ! phraseology1 w\ld any "o d\bt t pro( ( guilt %\ld prec$e deliv]y1 & t !re c\ld be no o!r f\ndation = x8 ,mr4 ,web/] says1 8p]haps ! only insup]able difficulty0 to a trial by a jury1 8has be5 creat$ by ! /ates !mselves40 ,suppose ?is to be s1 ,i w\ld ask ^: duty is x to act fir/1--t ( ,congress to provide ! trial1 or t ( ! /ates to remove ! imp$im5t8 ,%all ! /ates repeal _! laws fir/1 & leave ! lib]ty ( ! citiz5s 9 jeop>dy2 or %all n ,congress legislate fir/1 & secure t lib]ty8 ,:i* is ( ! great] importance1 t ! own] %\ld recov] 8 slave1 or t ! citiz5 %\ld reta9 8 fre$om8 ,i answ] accord+ to ! language :i* ! crim9al law uses respect+ guilt & innoc5ce1 t x is bett] t n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e1 t is1 an indef9ite numb] ( slaves %\ld escape1 ?an t "o free man %\ld be deliv]$ into bondage4 ,besides1 ,i ?9k no /ate legislat$ on ! subject = ! protection ( its own citiz5s1 until #ahdb4 ,?is 0 aft] ,congress _h neglect$1 = m ?an fifty ye>s1 to d its duty4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ,mr4 ,web/] ca/ ! blame ^u ! /ates :i* =bore = m ?an fifty ye>s to act protectively = !mselves1 :5 ,congress1 ( :i* he _h be5 a lead+ memb] = ne>ly =ty ye>s1 _h endang]$1 in/ead ( secur+1 ! lib]ty ( _! citiz5s8 ,:5 he said t 8e memb] ( e nor!rn legislature is b\nd by oa? to support ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 :y did n ! retort sudd5ly rise to 8 m9d t he 0 b\nd by oa? n less ?an !y2 & t 8 oa? embrac$ ! m5 t own$ fre$om1 n less ?an ! m5 t own$ slaves8 ,besides1 he *>ges only a "p ( ! free /ates ) be+ guilty ( unju/ legislation4 ,%all ! innoc5t /ates suff] because ( ! o!rs' (f5ce8 ,r %all n ,congress fir/ supply ! means ( protection to ! citiz5s ( all8 ,x seems to me1 too1 t ! f\r? am5dm5t has an important 8be>+ ^u ! subject10 because x %[s t ! ma/]-?\ght ( our fa!rs1 9 =m+ ! con/itution1 0 to secure ! lib]ties ( ! citiz54 ,x provides aga9/ 8unreasonable seizures0 ( 8p]sons40 ,i suppose ! ma9 idea ( ?is am5dm5t 0 to secure ! citiz5 aga9/ 8unreasonable seizure10 ev5 9 cases :]e he %\ld aft]w>ds1 & at "s "t1 be br\ght to trial accord+ to ! =ms ( ! common law4 ,b :at 8seizure0 c be m 8unreasonable10 ?an "o ^: object is1 n an ultimate trial1 b bondage =ev]1 )\t trial8 ,c mortal imag9ation conceive ( any seizure less entitl$ ?an ?is to be call$ 8reasonable80 ,) :at indignation did our fa!rs fr[n because !y 7 transport$ beyond seas to be tri$2 yet1 by our pres5t law1 & by ! law :i* ,mr4 ,web/] promises to support1 a free man may be transport$1 if n beyond seas1 at lea/ beyond l&s1 & beyond /ates1 n to be tri$1 b to be held 9 slav]y =ev] )\t trial4 ,if a free citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts %\ld be seiz$ & plung$ into a ,massa*usetts prison1 to be kept !re = life2 & 8 *ildr51 z a consequ5ce ( 8 fate1 7 put into ! same1 or into o!r prisons1 z fa/ z !y 7 born1 to be also kept = life2 & su* 0 ! orig9al object & av[$ purpose ( ! seizure1 w\ld n ?is conflict a little ) ! 8_s0 ( ! f\r? am5dm5t8 ,& does ?is proce$+ conflict ) ?is 8_s0 any ! less1 because ! prison is a s\!rn rice swamp1 or cotton field1 :]e ! ne>e/ door or outlet ( escape is m ?an a hundr$ miles f ! spot ( conf9em5t8 ,9 common law actions1 trov]1 det9ue1 replev91 c41 c41 ! trial is to be 9 ! vic9age1 except !re is "s ov]p[]+ reason = *ang+ ! v5ue1 or place ( trial4 ,b "h is a transf] ( ! p>ty1 n = a trial1 b = evad+ a trial4 ,i submit1 !n1 to ! public1 t "h are ?ree provisions ( ! con/itution1 ea* "o ( :i* does h 8a be>+ on ! subject40 ,ea* /r5g!ns ! o!r4 ,!y =m a triple implication1 if n a tr9oda necessitas1 :i* no man1 h[ev] p[]ful he may be1 c break4 ,! argum5t :i* ! lawy]s call ab inconv5i5ti1--! argum5t f inconv5i5ce1--has be5 press$ into ! s]vice ( ! slavehold] to endang] ! lib]ties ( ! citiz54 ,i answ]1 !re are two sides to ?is argum5t2 nor 0 x wise 9 ! slavehold]1 or 8 nor!rn fri5ds1 to sugge/ x4 ,x seems to me q z inconv5i5t = a free man to lose 8 lib]ty1 z = a slavehold] to lose 8 slave4 ,if a s\!rn man sues a nor!rn "o = ! value ( a bale ( cotton or a b>rel ( rice1 mu/ n ! pla9tiff await ! next t]m ( ! c\rt be=e he c ent] 8 action1 abide by ! rules ( ! c\rt respect+ cont9uances1 & submit to ! ord] ( bus9ess 9 tak+ 8 turn be=e a jury8 ,to obviate ?is inconv5i5ce1 has any legislature or any c\rt ev] propos$ to set aside or annul1 at once1 all ! securities by :i* we hold prop]ty & life8 ,& h[ /&s ! "q respect+ evid5ce or pro(8 ,if difficult = a slave claimant1 f ,texas1 to prove title to 8 slave 9 ,massa*usetts1 h[ inf9itely m difficult = a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts to prove title to himself 9 ,texas4 ,b ,mr4 ,web/] says !re are indep5d5t c\rts at ! s\?1 8always op5 & ready to receive & decide ^u petitions or applications = fre$om40 ,suppose ?is to be true2 h[ is a man or a woman1 ^: ma/] kn[s t he or %e is free1 to get to ! c\rts8 ,mr4 ,web/] seems to ?9k t z soon z a kidnapp+ slave deal] %all transport 8 human prey to ! s\?1 he w at once take him to1 or all[ him to g be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice1 or w sell him to "s bro!r ,sam>itan :o w d s4 ,does n e body "k t any man1 :o is capable ( ! enorm\s guilt ( seiz+ or buy+ a freeman1 w make x impossible = t freeman to rega9 8 bir?right8 ,mr4 ,web/] says1 p]suasively1 t ! alleg$ slave 8is only remitt$1 = inquiry into 8 rights1 to ! /ate f :i* he fl$40 ,b suppose he _h nev] 8fl$10 b 0 demean+ himself z a peaceable citiz51 "u ! solemnly pl$g$ protection ( ! gov]nm5t1 on ! soil :]e he 0 born6 ,?is is ! false idea t und]lies ! :ole ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s s$uctive lett]1 t "u su* a bill z ,mr4 ,butl]'s1 nobody b a slave w\ld ev] be arre/$4 ,i h no d\bt t :at ,mr4 ,web/] says ab\t s\!rn c\rts be+ 8fair & upright10 is v g5]ally & ext5sively true2 b ,i h _h a little p]sonal k ( s\!rn c\rts1 & ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t !re has be5 "o1 at lea/1 be=e :i*1 if a slave 7 su+ = 8 fre$om1 & any popul> clamor aga9/ him %\ld exi/1 he w\ld h no m hope ( obta9+ 8 lib]ty ?r\gh ! 8fairness0 ( ! c\rt1 ?an1 if ?r[n ov]bo>d 9 ! middle ( ! ,atlantic ocean1 he w\ld h ( sav+ 8 life by swimm+ a%ore4 ,mr4 ,web/] holds ,massa*usetts up to ! ridicule ( ! _w1 because1 z he says1 %e 8gr[s f]vid on ,p5nsylvania wrongs20 & he has deem$ x 8 duty to inquire h[ _m seizures ( fugitive slaves h occurr$ 9 ,new ,engl& )9 our "t4 ,is ?is ! ,*ri/ian /&>d by :i* to e/imate ! evil ( encroa*m5ts ^u ! mo/ sacr$ rights ( m58 ,if ,i repose 9 cont5tm5t & indiff]5ce1 because my own section1 or /ate1 or c\nty1 is z yet b a p>tial suff]]1 :y %\ld ,i n cont9ue cont5t$ & indiff]5t :ile ,i myself am safe8 ,9 provid+ = ! lib]ties ( ! citiz51 "u a common gov]nm5t1 ,i ?9k ,massa*usetts wor?y ( all honor & n ( ridicule1 because %e does 8gr[ f]vid on ,p5nsylvania wrongs10 & on ! wrongs ( an entire race1 :e!r 9 ,p5nsylvania or ,cali=nia1 or any :]e )9 ! b\nd>ies ( our own c\ntry4 ,i see no reason :y my sympa?ies z a man1 or ! obligations ( my oa? z an (fic]1 9 reg>d to ! ne>] or ! remot] /ates1 %\ld be inv]sely z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances4 ,ev5 ) reg>d to =eign c\ntries1 did ,mr4 ,web/] ?9k s1 9 ^? bett] days1 :5 8 eloqu5t appeal = oppress$ & ble$+ ,greece r\s$ ! nation1 l ! voice ( a cl>ion4 ,did ,mr4 ,web/] deem x necess>y to make inquisitions ?r\gh all ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 to le>n h[ _m ,hung>ian patriots !y _h se5 %ot at ! tap ( drum1 or h[ _m noble ,hung>ian wom5 _h be5 /ripp$ & :ipp$ 9 _! m>ket places1 be=e he ?rill$ ! he>t ( ! nation at ! wrongs ( ,kossu? & 8 compatriots1 & invok$ ! execrations ( ! _w ^u ! ,au/rian & ,russian despots8 ,i see no diff]5ce betwe5 ^! cases1 :i* is n 9 favor ( our home int]e/s1 ( our own dome/ic rights1 except ! diff]5ce ( _! be>+s ^u p>tisan politics & presid5tial rivalries4 ,mr4 ,web/] quotes & comm5ds ,mr4 ,bissell1 :o said t ^? s\!rn /ates :i* _h suff]$ ! lea/ f loss ( slaves1 made ! greate/ clamor4 ,t /atem5t ( a fact 0 well put by ,mr4 ,bissell2 b 0 x well appli$ by ,mr4 ,web/]8 ,9 ! /atem5t1 x 0 a "q z to ! loss ( prop]ty4 ,9 ! application1 x is a "q z to ! loss ( lib]ty4 ,! latt] is n1 !re=e1 ! 8c\nt]p>t0 ( ! =m]4 ,bl9dness to ! di/9ction betwe5 ! value & ! pr9ciple ( prop]ty1 & ! value & ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty1 c\ld alone h p]mitt$ ! comp>ison4 ,b ,i h ext5d$ ?is communication greatly beyond my orig9al purpose4 ,sev]al o!r topics conta9$ 9 ,mr4 ,web/]'s spee*1 or gr[+ out ( :at has s9ce happ5$ 9 relation to x1 & h>dly less important ?an ^? already consid]$1 mu/ await ano!r opportunity = discussion2 unless1 inde$1 "s disposal ( ! "q %all r5d] fur!r discussion unnecess>y4 ,i am n unm9dful ( ! position 9 :i* ,i /&4 ,i am n unaw>e t circum/ances h plac$ me 9 an antagoni/ relation to a man ^: va/ p[]s ( intellect ! _w has long s vividly enjoy$ & s pr(\ndly admir$4 ,i well "k t a p]sonal conte/ betwe5 u seems unequal1 f> m ?an did ! imp5d+ combat betwe5 ! ,hebrew /ripl+ & t *ampion ( ! ,phili/9es :o _h a helmet ( brass ^u 8 head1 & greaves ( brass ^u 8 legs1 & ! /aff ( ^: spe> 0 l a weav]'s beam4 ,b ! conte/ is n betwe5 u4 ,x is betwe5 tru? & error2 & j s c]ta9 z ! _s ( ,good w prevail ov] ! _s ( ,evil1 j s c]ta9 w ,tru? ultimately triumph4 ,9 su* a case z ?is1 !re is "o po9t ( view 9 :i* ,mr4 ,web/] is a desirable antagoni/2 = ! ?ick & f>-beam+ po9ts ( light :i* he has left all along 8 =m] c\rse ( life1 _c fail to expose1 to all eyes b 8 own1 ! devi\s pa? into :i* he has n[ w&]$4 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,june #f1 #ahej4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sev]al editions ( ! prec$+ ,lett]s hav+ be5 exhau/$1 ano!r 0 pr9t$1 "u date ( ,july #h1 #ahej1 ) ,notes4 ,,footnotes3 #i ,all my quotations f ,mr4 ,web/] are tak5 f ! edition ( 8 spee* :i* he d$icat$ to ! 8,,p ,,( ,,massa*usetts10 ,m>* #ah1 #ahej4 ,among ! num]\s read+s :i* h appe>$1 ,i suppose ?is to be ! mo/ au!ntic4 #aj ,?is argum5t may be f\nd repeat$ & enl>g$ ^u 9 a subsequ5t "p ( ! pres5t volume1 p4 #dji1 et seq4 ,x is reta9$ "h only to pres]ve ! logical & legal symmetry ( ! lett]4 #aa ,see an elaborate op9ion ( ,*ancellor ,walwor?1 #ad ,w5d4 #ejg1 ,jack ,,vs4 ,m>t94 ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,lett]s4 ,i _h hop$ n to be requir$ to say m on ! subject discuss$ 9 ! above ,lett]s2 b1 dur+ ! la/ week1 ,mr4 ,web/] has issu$1 9 a pamphlet =m1 a spee* made by him 9 ! ,s5ate on ! #ag? ult41 accompani$ by 8 lett]1 dat$ on ! same day1 to "s g5tlem5 on ! ,k5nebec ,riv]4 ,9 ?is lett]1 ,mr4 ,web/] has ref]r$ to me aga92 & ,i regret exce$+ly to say1 t he seems to h giv5 himself full lic5se to dep>t f all ! rules ( c\rtesy belong+ to a g5tleman1 & to disobey ! obligations ( tru? belong+ to a man4 ,t ,i may n be suppos$ to make any ov]-/atem5t respect+ ! "* ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s language t[>ds me1 z express$ 9 ?is lett]1 ,i quote a specim5 or two f x4 8,a pamphlet has be5 put into circulation10 says he1 ref]r+ to ! fir/ ( ! above two lett]s1 89 :i* x is said t my rem>k is #8und]tak+ to settle by m\nta9s & riv]s1 & n by ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! "q ( human duty1' #8,cease to transcribe1' x adds1 #8^u ! /atute book :at our wise/ & be/ m5 believ$ to be ! w ( ,god1 9 reg>d to our worldly affairs1 & ! passions :i* we ?9k appropriate to devils w soon take possession ( society4'0 ,he !n adds1 8,"o h>dly kn[s :i* mo/ to contemn1 ! nons5se or ! di%one/y ( su* comm5t>ies on ano!r's words4 ,i "k no passion m appropriate to devils ?an ! passion = gross misrepres5tation & libel10 c41 c4 ,! angry & reproa*ful language1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,web/] has "h indulg$ himself1 releases me f all fur!r obligation to treat him ) p]sonal reg>d4 ,yet ,i d n mean to avail myself ( ?is release4 ,"u our pres5t relations1 h[ev]1 ,i d feel at lib]ty to use consid]able pla9ness ( spee*4 #a4 ,let me fir/ ref] to a misrepres5tation by ,mr4 ,web/] ( a pla9 matt] ( fact4 ,9 pr(ess+ to quote1 f 8 #g? ( ,m>* spee*1 a passage on :i* ,i _h made a criticism1 he alt]s ! passage s z to evade ! criticism1 & !n condemns me = mak+ x4 ,! orig9al passage 9 8 spee* read z foll[s3 8,i w\ld n take pa9s to reffirm an ord9ance ( ,nature1 nor to renact ! w ( ,god40 ,?is 0 ! s5tim5t ,i criticiz$4 ,x appe>s 9 ^! words 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,union1 9 ! ,republic1 9 ! ,globe1 & 9 ! pamphlet edition ( 8 spee*1 :i* he d$icat$ to ! p ( ,massa*usetts4 ,b 9 ! ,k5nebec lett]1 9 ord] to elude ! po9t ( my criticism1 he has int]polat$ a ^w into ! s5t5ce1 :i* *anges its :ole mean+4 ,affirm+ t he quotes himself1 he says1 8,i w\ld n take pa9s ,,uselessly to reffirm an ord9ance ( ,nature1 or to renact ! w ( ,god40 ,by foi/+ 9 ! ^w :i* ,i h und]scor$1 he *anges ! entire "* ( ! s5tim5t advanc$4 ,z n[ /at$1 nobody c diss5t f x2 = :o w\ld ann\nce1 9 a di/9ct proposition1 t he w\ld uselessly d any ?+8 ,b1 z orig9ally /at$1 nobody c ass5t to x4 ,?is alt]ation ( 8 language1 aft] my criticism ^u x 0 made1 is n only unju/ t[>ds me1 b x conta9s a lat5t confession t he knew he 0 wrong1 b ?\ght ?is surreptiti\s *ang+ ( 8 doctr9e to be a less evil ?an a frank ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 error4 ,_h he truly quot$ ! orig9al false s5tim5t1 ! _w w\ld h se5 t ,i 0 "r2 b1 9 8 dilemma1 he falsely int]polat$ a true s5tim5t1 n only to evade ! =ce ( my criticism ^u him1 b to make occasion = an unf\nd$ imputation aga9/ me4 ,i %all n und]take to def9e or describe a proce$+ l ?is 9 words ( my own4 ,b ,i may be p]mitt$1 )\t disc\rtesy1 to use a s5tim5t advanc$ by himself1 & leave its application to be made by its au?or4 ,x is 9 ! same connection t ,mr4 ,web/] makes ! foll[+ rem>k3 8,i "k no passion m appropriate to devils ?an ! passion = gross misrepres5tation & libel40 ,c any mortal specify a gross] in/ance ( 8gross misrepres5tation & libel0 ?an :5 "o ( ! p>ties to a public discussion has utt]$ an obnoxi\s s5tim5t1 & :5 ?is s5tim5t has met ) v g5]al reprobation1 & :51 9 ! progress ( ! discussion1 ! guilty p>ty pr(esses to re/ate ! case1 t he %\ld !n expunge ! false s5tim5t he orig9ally advanc$1 foi/ a trite & common-place "o 9 its /ead1 !n apply ! criticism made on ! suppress$ s5tim5t to ! =g$ "o1 & proce$ to condemn 8 critic = 8nons5se0 or 8di%one/y08 ,is x n z palpable a case ( alt]ation1 z to *ange ! date ( a note ( h& 9 ord] to take x out ( ! /atute ( limitations1 or to oblit]ate ! description ( ! premises 9 a de$1 & put a m valuable e/ate 9 its place8 ,?is proce$+ is worse1 if possible1 ?an ! =m] 8misrepres5tation & libel0 ( my argum5t & myself1 conta9$ 9 ! ,newburyport lett]4 ,b ! subject is pa9ful1 & ,i leave x4 #b4 ,foll[+ up 8 attack ^u me1 ,mr4 ,web/] proce$s to say3 8,9 classical times1 !re 0 a set ( small b rapaci\s critics1 d5om9at$ captatores v]borum1 :o snat*$ & caught at p>ticul> expressions2 exp5d$ _! /r5g? on ! disjecta membra ( language2 birds ( rap9e :i* prey$ on words & syllables1 & gorg$ !mselves ) fe$+ on ! g>bage ( phrases1 *opp$1 dislocat$1 & torn asund] by !mselves1 z fle% & limbs are by ! claws ( unclean birds40 ,may ,i mo/ respectfully ask ,mr4 ,web/] on :at au?ority he says !re 01 89 classical times10 any su* 8set0 ( 8small b rapaci\s critics10 z he "h speaks (--or exemplifies8 ,9 my ignorance1 ,i h always suppos$ ! 8captator0 ( classical times1 to be a k9d ( 8g5ius0 ! v opposite ( :at ,mr4 ,web/] describes4 ,horace1 ,juv5al1 & ,livy repres5t him z a selfi%1 sycophantic gift-seek]1 or =tune-hunt]2 n a twi/]1 tortur]1 or int]polator1 ev51 ( words & phrases4 ,if captator meant a cavill+1 cynical critic1 !n captatrix %\ld mean a scold1 a vix51 or virago2 b its true mean+ 0 8a fawn+ gossip10 or 8mean flatt]]40 ,no mi/ake c\ld well be great] ?an t ! old captatores 8exp5d$ _! /r5g? on ! disjecta membra ( language10 or 8gorg$ !mselves ) ! g>bage ( phrases1 *opp$1 dislocat$1 & torn asund]1 by !mselves40 ,on ! contr>y1 !y 7 8g5tle z a suck+ dove40 ,! accompany+ words descriptive ( ! 8captator0 7 n torve1 r+i1 & s =?2 b collide1 bl&e1 or bl&icule4 ,!re 0 no?+ l ! h>py ab\t !m1 z ,mr4 ,web/] seems to suppose1 9 ?is rem>kable description ( 81 :i* is z rhetorically unsavory z x is classically untrue4 ,s f> f !re be+ any 8set0 ( critics1 9 classic times1 d5om9at$ & kn[n z captatores v]borum1 ,i d\bt :e!r ev5 ! ab/ract n\n 8captatio0 occurs half a doz5 times1 9 all ! classics1 9 connection ) ! g5itive ( 8 pret5d$ appellation4 ,he c\ld h>dly h made a great] or m ludicr\s mi/ake4 ,x is exce$+ly to be regrett$1 aft] ! num]\s in/ances we h lately _h ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s bad logic1 & bad humanity1 & bad discov]ies ( natural law1 t he %\ld n[ (f5d ! classical ta/e ( ! c\ntry1 & br+ discr$it ^u ! ,new ,engl& colleges1 by 8 bad ,lat94 ,?is :ole anti-classical p>agraph ab\t 8disjecta membra10 & 8*opp+10 & 8gorg+10 & 8uncleanness10 is an unclean conception ( 8 own2 n a pure b an impure inv5tion1 & seems m epiga/ric ?an intellectual 9 its orig94#ab #c4 ,i w n[ give a specim5 or two ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s errors 9 geography1 & ( 8 false citation ( au?orities4 ,x w !n be se5 t 8 geographical /atem5ts are wor?y to be plac$ side by side ) 8 classical4 ,9 ! same lett]1 he says ! ext5t ( ,new ,mexico1 nor? & s\?1 on ! l9e ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 8c h>dly be less ?an a ?\s& miles40 ,?is makes a little m ?an f\rte5 degrees ( latitude4 ,n[1 z its nor!rn b\nd>y is 9 #db1 its s\!rn mu/ be z l[ z #bh4 ,?is is f\r degrees bel[ ,el ,paso del ,norte4 ,yet ,mr4 ,web/]1 on ! #ac? ( ,june la/1 decl>$ himself 9 favor ( fix+ ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,texas at or ne> ,el ,paso1 & m ?an f\r degrees ( latitude nor? ( :at he "h says is ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,new ,mexico4 ,he also support$ t "p ( ! compromise bill :i* proposes to give ,texas1 n only ^! f\r degrees ( latitude1 b millions ( money also1 = tak+ :at1 z he n[ says1 belongs to ,new ,mexico & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h[ c ^! views /& toge!r8 ,9 8 #g? ( ,m>* spee*1 ,mr4 ,web/] decl>$ x to be a natural impossibility t ,african slav]y c\ld ev] exi/ 89 ,cali=nia or ,new ,mexico40 7p4 #db47 ,he n[ def9es ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,new ,mexico4 ,x c h>dly be less1 says he1 ?an 8a ?\s& miles0 f ! =ty-second degree ( nor? latitude4 ,?is places x f\r degrees s\? ( ,el ,paso4 ,he is 9 favor ( t "p ( ! bill :i* gives ^! f\r degrees to ,texas4 ,accord+ to him1 !re=e1 %\ld ,texas get possession ( ^! f\r degrees ( :at is n[ ,new ,mexican t]ritory1 slav]y w exi/1 z f> up z ! old s\!rn b\nd>y l9e ( ,new ,mexico1 by virtue ( ! laws ( ,texas1 b beyond ?is l9e1 al?\gh )9 ! b\nds ( ,texas1 x w n exi/1 because =bidd5 by ! 8w ( ,god40 ,h5ce ! extraord9>y spectacle w be exhibit$1 ( ! exi/5ce ( slav]y com+ plump up to ! s\? side ( an imag9>y l9e1 by ! laws ( ,texas1 :ile on ! nor? side ( ! said imag9>y l9e1 its exi/5ce w be cut squ>e (f by ! 8w ( ,god10 al?\gh bo? sides are )9 ! same political jurisdiction4 ,?is w be a miracle1 comp>$ ) :i* ! suppos$ miracul\s pres]vation ( ! ,jewi% feature & complexion1 = two ?\s& ye>s1 w be unwor?y to be m5tion$4 ,x rema9s to be se51 h[ev]1 :e!r ?is miracle w be v\*saf$ to ,mr4 ,web/]1 z a pro( ( ! div9e favor4 ,on ! #e? ( ,june1 ,mr4 ,web/] vot$ aga9/ incorporat+ ! 8,proviso0 into ! gov]nm5ts = ,new ,mexico & ,utah1 because slav]y 0 already prohibit$ !re by 8,asiatic sc5]y0 & ! law ( 8physical geography40 ,on ! next day1 too1 he vot$ aga9/ ! foll[+ am5dm5t1 (f]$ by ,mr4 ,walk]3 8,& t peon s]vitude is =ev] aboli%$ & prohibit$40 ,:e!r he s vot$ because ?is species ( slav]y1 7:i* is an exi/+ in/itution at ! pres5t "t17 0 prohibit$ by 8sc5]y0 & 8geography10 does n appe>4 ,b on ! #ag? ( ,june1 ,mr4 ,web/]1 9 ! ,s5ate1 sugge/$ a qualification ( 8 doctr9e z laid d[n on ! #g? ( ,m>*1 viz41 t 8e foot ( t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has a fix$ "* = slav]y40 ,an unc]ta9ty z to ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ,new ,mexico & ,texas1 gave rise to ?is qualification4 8,let me say to g5tlem510 said ,mr4 ,web/]1 8t if any portion :i* !y or ,i d n believe to be ,texas1 %\ld be consid]$ to become ,texas1 !n1 s f>1 t qualification ( my rem>k is applicable40 7,cong4 ,globe1 #ca/ ,cong41 #a/ session1 p4 #abci47 ,t is1 if ! compromise bill %\ld s e/abli% ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ,new ,mexico & ,texas1 z t 8any portion ( ,new ,mexico :i* !y or ,i o!r g5tlem5 or ,mr4 ,web/]1 d n believe to be ,texas1 %\ld be consid]$ to become ,texas10 !n z ,texan t]ritory1 x might lose its 8fix$ "*10 & become slave t]ritory1 not)/&+ ! 8ord9ance ( ,nature0 & ! 8w ( ,god10 to ! contr>y4 ,b1 /range to say1 on ?is same #ag? ( ,june1 ! ,k5nebec lett] 0 writt51 :i* c>ries ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,mexico1 on ! ea/ side ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 f\r degrees bel[ ,el ,paso1 &1 ( c\rse1 includes all t region )9 ,new ,mexico1 & !re=e )9 ! 8ord9ance ( ,nature0 & ! 8w ( ,god60 ,s t1 aft] all1 he ackn[l$ges t ! 8ord9ance ( ,nature0 & ! 8w ( ,god10 z he exp\nds !m1 may be ov]ridd5 by ! laws ( ,texas2--9 :i* view he is und\bt$ly "r4 ,b 8 citation ( au?orities is among ! mo/ surpris+ ( all 8 ab]rations f fact4 ,he fir/ quotes ,major ,ga9es1 :o1 z he says1 8trav]s$ a "p ( ?is c\ntry dur+ ! ,mexican w>40 ,by 8?is c\ntry10 ,i suppose he means ,new ,mexico4 ,if he does n mean ,new ,mexico1 !n ! citation has no relation to ! subject4 ,if he does mean ,new ,mexico1 !n he ass]ts :at is untrue4 ,major ,ga9es did n g )9 f\r or five hundr$ miles ( ,new ,mexico dur+ ! w>2 & if ! quotation f him 0 design$ to create ! belief t1 9 :at ,major ,ga9es said1 he 0 speak+ ( ,new ,mexico1 x 0 z gross an imposition z c\ld well be made4 ,! next citation is f ,colonel ,h>d94 ,two s5t5ces are tak54 ,i transcribe ! fir/ ) ,mr4 ,web/]'s italics4 8,! :ole c\ntry is mis]ably wat]$2 l>ge di/ricts h no wat] at all4 ,! /reams are small1 & at great di/ances ap>t4 ,"o day we m>*$ on ! road f ,monclova to ,p>ras1 ?irty-five miles1 )\t wat]2 a pretty sev]e day's m>* = infantry40 ,& :at c\ntry does ?is describe8 8,f ,monclova to ,p>ras1 ?irty-five miles06 says ,colonel ,h>d94 ,& :]e is ,monclova8 ,away d[n s\?1 9 ,coahuila1 hundr$s ( miles f any "p ( ,new ,mexico4 ,i submit ! foll[+ notes1 "o f ! colonel ( ! regim5t 9 :i* ,mr4 ,ga9es 0 a major2 & ! o!r f a major 9 ! regim5t ( :i* ,mr4 ,h>d9 0 colonel4 ,bo? lett]s are f g5tlem5 :o are n[ memb]s ( ,congress4 ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives1 ,june #bg1 #ahej4 ,,sir2 ,9 reply to y\r note ( ?is date1 ,i /ate t ,major ,ga9es did n1 dur+ ! ,mexican w>1 travel ?r\gh any "p ( ,new ,mexico4 ,major ,ga9es ent]$ ,mexico at ,cam>go1 on ! ,rio ,gr&e2 0 engag$ ne> ,saltillo1 until he 0 captur$ & tak5 to ! city ( ,mexico2 & !nce he return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! way ( ,v]a ,cruz4 ,i am1 sir1 v respectfully1 c41 ,,humphrey ,,m>%all4 ,p4,s4 ,9 reply to y\r v]bal inquiry1 :e!r ,colonel ,h>d9 0 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,i /ate1 t ,colonel ,h>d9 0 atta*$ to ,g5]al ,wool's comm&1 & pass$ f ,san ,antonio de ,bex>1 by ! ,presidio de ,rio ,gr&e1 ,monclova1 & ,p>ras1 to ,saltillo2 s t he did n ent] ,new ,mexico4 ,h4 ,m4 ,hon4 ,h4 ,,mann4 ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives1 ,june #bh1 #ahej4 ,,hon4 ,h4 ,,mann4 ,,sir2 ,9 reply to y\r note ( ?is date1 ,i h ! honor to say1 t ,i 0 an (fic] ( ! fir/ regim5t1 ,ill9ois volunte]s1 comm&$ by ,colonel ,j4,j4 ,h>d91 dur+ ! ,mexican w>1 & t dur+ ! "t ,colonel ,h>d9 0 9 comm& ( ! regim5t he 0 n 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,8 ne>e/ po9t to ,new ,mexico 0 ,monclova or ,p>ras1 :i* 0 sev]al hundr$ miles di/ant4 ,9 my op9ion1 ,colonel ,h>d9 0 nev] 9 ,new ,mexico2 he c]ta9ly 0 n 9 t c\ntry dur+ ! ,mexican w>4 ,respectfully1 ,w4 ,a4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,n[ :at possible excuse c be (f]$ = ^! mislead+ citations8 ,:at in=mation w\ld be giv5 ( ! soil ( ! ,g5esee valley ( ,new ,york1 by prov+ ! condition ( ! s&s ( ,cape ,cod8 ,mr4 ,web/] next quotes1 = ! second "t1 ! lett] ( ,hugh ,n4 ,smi?1 ,esq4 ,?is lett]1 if tak5 by itself1 w\ld r5d] x improbable1 9 ,mr4 ,smi?'s op9ion1 t slav]y w\ld g into ,new ,mexico2 b x by no means proves ! physical impossibility ( its exi/5ce !re4 ,b :at diff]5t language has ,mr4 ,smi? s9ce held 9 8 address to 8 con/itu5ts 9 ,new ,mexico itself8 ,i w quote a few passages f ?is address to %[ its g5]al drift & int5t4 8,y\r /ate1 ,new ,mexico1 is ?reat5$ ) dismemb]m5t1 & :at is yet m fatal1 ! introduction ( slav]y into its bosom40 7p4 #a47 8,! mo/ =midable "p ( ?is comb9ation aga9/ y is t :i* orig9ates 9 ! slave int]e/4 ,x n only rallies aga9/ y ! :ole slavehold+ s\?1 b all ! influ5ce ( selfi%1 v5al1 & ambiti\s m5 9 ! nor?1 look+ to speculations 9 discr$it$ bonds & l& jobb+1 or to ! political honors :i* ! comb9$ vote ( ! s\? may promise40 7p4 #b47 8,! doctr9e ( ! slavehold+ /ates1 9 reg>d to _! dome/ic in/itutions1 is non-int]v5tion2 b ) reg>d to y\rs1 x is in/ant int]v5tion1 to set at n\ght ! prohibition ( slav]y1 :i* y br\ght ) y into ! ,union10 c4 ,ib4 8,i am myself a native ( ! section1 ,mr4 ,smi? is a ,k5tuckian1 ^: fate ,i deplore1 & if my duty did n require1 ,i w\ld be ! la/ to adv]t to ! malady t preys ^u its life4444 ,! s*emes ( ^? :o w\ld b9d y to ! de/9y ( ! slave /ates1 r5d] x necess>y t y\r repres5tative %\ld be exclud$ f ! halls ( ,congress40 7p4 #c47 8,y are left pro/rate1 t ,texas may dismemb] & divide ,new ,mexico1 & subject h] to s\!rn influ5ce2 t negro slav]y may be introduc$ into ! remnant ( t]ritory t may n be appropriat$ to ,texas2 &1 f9ally1 t ! region ?us secur$ to s\!rn policy may become ! /ock on :i* to graft new conque/s f ,mexico40 7p4 #d47 ,^! are ,mr4 ,smi?'s italics4 8,! fir/ /ep 9 ?is process is to supplant ! fundam5tal municipal in/itutions br\ght by ,new ,mexico ) h] into ! ,union1 by a t]ritorial gov]nm5t1 :i*1 by omitt+ ! inhibition aga9/ slav]y 9 ! ,congressional act1 fail+ to res]ve t conta9$ 9 ! ,mexican code1 & prev5t+ ! p ( ! t]ritory f legislat+ ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 & f renact+ ! prohibitory clause1 w unque/ionably aboli% all protections aga9/ t in/itution2 &1 inde$1 m effectual legislation = ! ext5sion ( slav]y into ,new ,mexico c\ld n be enact$40 7p4 #e47 8,! :ole body ( s\!rn influ5ce1 n[ t m9+ is a mania1 w\ld comb9e to p\r an imm5se colony ( slaves into ,new ,mexico4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is w\ld be to level ! :ole population ( ,new ,mexico ) ! new ca/e br\ght into competition2 & y1 my ,mexican fell[-citiz5s1 :o till y\r own soil ) y\r own h&s1 w\ld be compell$ to fly y\r c\ntry1 or be degrad$ f y\r equality ( freem51 =feit+ y\r hopes ( ris+ to ! new elevation promis$ by y\r alliance ) ! great ,nor? ,am]ican republic1 & liv+ only to witness ! ru9 ( all t r5d]s life desirable40 7p4 #f47 ,?is is :at ,mr4 ,smi? says1 :5 he writes home to 8 own p1 :o "k all ab\t _! own c\ntry1 & its dang] ( be+ invad$ by slav]y4 ,n[1 let ! read] suppose himself to h read f ,mr4 ,smi?'s address1 z mu* m ( ! same k9d z ! above1 & !n say h[ f> 8 evid5ce goes to su/a9 ,mr4 ,web/]'s discov]y1 t slav]y c nev] g into ,new ,mexico4 ,mr4 ,smi?'s address has be5 publi%$ = two mon?s2 x has be5 on ! tables ( memb]s1 publi%$1 & quot$ f 9 ! newspap]s1 & yet ,mr4 ,web/] cont9ues to cite ,mr4 ,smi? z a witness 9 8 favor4 ,:at influ5ces 7 us$ to induce ,mr4 ,smi? to )hold1 9 ! lett] to ,mr4 ,web/]1 ! facts & views :i* he has s cle>ly br\ght out 9 ! lett] to 8 con/itu5ts8 ,! next & la/ citation is f an (fic] at ,santa ,fe4 ,no "n is giv54 ,we are in=m$ nei!r ( ! "* ( ! au?or nor ( 8 means ( in=mation2 & if ?is au?ority is z fallaci\s & deceptive z ! prec$+1 x is a great deal worse ?an no?+4 ,x w\ld be l ! te/imony sometimes (f]$ 9 c\rt1 :i* ru9s ! cause & di%onors ! c\nsel4 #d4 ,9 8 ,k5nebec lett]1 ,mr4 ,web/] says1 8,i h /udi$ ! geography ( ,new ,mexico dilig5tly1 hav+ read all t ,i c\ld f9d 9 pr9t1 & inquir$ ( _m intellig5t p]sons1 :o h be5 9 ! c\ntry1 trav]s$ x1 & become famili> ) x40 ,he sets =? 8 k 9 ?is confid5t tone1 s t 8 impressions 9 favor ( ! natural prohibition ( slav]y may be m readily receiv$4 ,accord+ to ?is /atem5t1 he mu/ h read ! lett]s ( ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,calh\n1 ,indian ag5t at ,santa ,fe1 communicat$ to ,congress by ! ,presid5t1 on ! #bc;d ( ,janu>y la/4 ,speak+ ( ! ,navajoes1 a tribe ( #g1jjj ,indians1 )9 ! limits ( :at x is propos$ to include 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,mr4 ,calh\n says1 t x is 8n a r>e in/ance = "o individual to possess #e1jjj to #aj1jjj %eep1 & #djj to #ejj head ( o!r /ock10 7p4 #ahd27 & t _! c\ntry 8is ri* 9 its valleys1 ri* 9 its fields ( gra91 & ri* 9 its vegetables & pea* or*>ds40 7p4 #aii47 8,we encamp$10 says he1 8ne> ext5sive cornfields1 belong+ to ! ,navajoes40 7p4 #aig47 ,_! 8soil is easy ( cultivation1 & capable ( su/a9+ ne>ly z _m millions ( inhabitants z !y h ?\s&s40 7p4 #bjb47 ,look at ?is3 ,a c\ntry own$ by "o tribe capable1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,calh\n1 ( su/a9+ ne>ly #g1jjj1jjj inhabitants1 & yet1 z ,mr4 ,web/] av]s1 inaccessible to slav]y1 on acc\nt ( its b>r5ness6 ,speak+ ( ! ,indians1 7,pueblos17 on ! ,rio ,gr&e1 ,mr4 ,calh\n says1 8,^! p c raise imm5se quantities ( corn & :eat1 & h l>ge h]ds ( %eep & goats4 ,! graz+ = cattle g5]ally is sup]ior40 7p4 #bjf47 ,( ! m we/]n ,pueblos1 he says1 !y h 8an ext5t ( c\ntry ne>ly f\r hundr$ miles squ>e02--m ?an tw5ty times z l>ge z ,massa*usetts2--8!y h ri* valleys to cultivate1 gr[ quantities ( corn & :eat1 & raise va/ h]ds ( horses1 mules1 %eep1 & goats1 all ( :i* may be imm5sely increas$ by prop]ly /imulat+ _! indu/ry1 & in/ruct+ !m 9 ! agricultural arts40 7p4 #bae47 ,i might cite mu* m f ! same au?ority1 to ! same effect2 b ,i d n ref] to ,mr4 ,calh\n s mu* = ! purpose ( %[+ ! agricultural capabilities ( ,new ,mexico1 z ( ask+ :y ,mr4 ,web/] did n quote f ?is rec5t (ficial "w1 :i* has be5 ly+ on ! tables ( memb]s = mon?s1 in/ead ( quot+ descriptions f milit>y (fic]s respect+ a c\ntry :i* he well knew !y _h nev] se58 ,!re is good reason to believe t !re are wide tracts ( f]tile l& ly+ betwe5 ! ,si]ra de los ,mimbres & ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 on ! ea/ & we/1 & ! #cb;d & #ce? degrees ( latitude4 ,! wat]s at ! m\? ( a riv] give no d\btful indication respect+ ! c\ntry f :i* !y fl[4 ,if ! volume be l>ge1 we "k x mu/ dra9 an ext5sive region2 = ! wat]s ( a great riv] _c be suppli$ f a n>r[ surface4 ,s if ! wat] be muddy1 z is said to be ! case ) t ( ! ,colorado1 x is pro( t x c\rses ?r\gh a diluvial c\ntry4 ,b h[ev] ?is may be1 all acc\nts concur 9 repres5t+ ,new ,mexico to be ri* 9 m9es2 & m9es are ! favorite sph]e = slav]y1 z ! ocean is = comm]ce4 ,9 8 late spee* 9 ! ,s5ate1 ,mr4 ,davis1 ( ,massa*usetts1 said1 t h[ev] x might be ) reg>d to employ+ slaves 9 ,new ,mexico = rais+ crops ( corn or cotton1 !re 0 /ill "o purpose to :i* !y might be appli$1--! mo/ odi\s ( all purposes1--to rais+ crops f !mselves4 ,f ?is 8,s\!rn ,hive10 ! m>kets ( ,texas & ,l\isiana might be suppli$ ) 8vig9tial0 crops ( human be+s4 ,x w be incumb5t on ,mr4 ,web/] to inv5t "s new 8physical0 law to meet ?is a/ute sugge/ion ( 8 colleague4 8,asiatic sc5]y0 w h>dly answ] 8 purpose "h4 ,)9 ! limits ( ! propos$ t]ritory ( ,new ,mexico1 x is said1 on ! au?ority ( ,humboldt1 t t p[]ful & comp>atively civiliz$ p1 ! ,aztecs1 once resid$4 ,c any p]son = a mom5t believe t ! ,aztecs ev] grew to opul5ce & p[]1 9 any su* /]ile & desolate region1 z ,mr4 ,web/]'s 8dilig5t read+0 portrays8 ,b :at mu/ satisfy e man ^: bl9dness is n ( ! s\l r ?an ( ! s5ses1 is ! fact t ! p ( ,new ,mexico1 9 ! con/itution :i* !y h j fram$1 h embodi$ a prohibition ( slav]y 9 _! fundam5tal law4 ,_h slav]y be5 =bidd5 !re by any 8,asiatic sc5]y10 or by any 8law ( physical geography10 :o %\ld "k x bett] ?an !y8 ,!y h _h slav]y among/ !m h]et(ore1 & !re=e !y "k x c invade !m aga91 & !re=e !y =bid x2 & 9 ! *oice ( s5ators to ,congress "u ! new organization1 %\ld any c&idate put =w>d ! vag>y1 ! phantasm1 ! fatuity1 t slav]y _c exi/ among !m1 !y w\ld d\btless deem him a less fit subject = ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an = sanit>y treatm5t4 ,h[ /&s ! evid5ce1 !n1 on ! "q1 :e!r 8,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico10 f _! geology1 _! geography1 or _! ,asiatic sc5]y1 are inaccessible or n1 to ! invasion ( slav]y8 ,x is well kn[n t ! w> ) ,mexico 0 provok$1 & viol5tly precipitat$ ^u ! c\ntry1 9 ord] to ext5d ! doma9 & ! p[] ( slav]y4 ,9 negotiat+ = ! cession ( ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico1 ! ,mexican commission]s /rove to introduce a prohibition aga9/ slav]y into ! treaty4 ,?is demon/rates t !y ?\ght slav]y c\ld exi/ !re4 ,our m9i/] decl>$ t he w\ld ass5t to no su* /ipulation1 ?\gh !y w\ld cov] all ! l& a foot ?ick ) gold4 ,?is %[s ! t5acity ) :i* ,mr4 ,polk's adm9i/ration1 & all its s\!rn fri5ds1 adh]$ to _! orig9al purpose ( obta9+ new t]ritory = slav]y4 ,9 view ( ?is1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives aga9 & aga9 vot$ to apply ! proviso to :atev] t]ritory %\ld be obta9$4 ,:5 ! treaty 0 ratifi$1 _m ( ! lead+ s5ators vot$ aga9/ ! clause = acquisition1 =esee+ ! pres5t controv]sy1 & hop+ to av]t x4 ,ev5 aft] ! treaty 0 ratifi$1 lead+ s\!rn ,:igs 9 ! ,h\se vot$ aga9/ pay+ ! fir/ in/alm5t "u x1 /ill cl++ to ! hope t ! t]ritory might be re/or$ to ,mexico1 & ?is cause ( diss5sion )drawn4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod1 f\rte5 ( ! nor!rn legislatures1 _m ( !m aga9 & aga91 vot$ t ! proviso %\ld be appli$4 ,! pres5t six mon?s' conte/1 9 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se1 betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\?1 is conduct$ solely on ! conviction t slav]y may exi/ 9 ! t]ritories2 & t x w or w n exi/ !re1 accord+ z ! law all[s or =bids x4 ,o!rwise x w\ld be ! mo/ nons5sical & nugatory discussion ev] engag$ 9 out ( a lunatic asylum4 ,once make x z cle> z any law ( physical nature1 t slav]y c nev] transgress ! b\nds ( ! new t]ritories1 & !re is n a man s dem5t$ t he w\ld any long] cont5d ei!r = ! proviso1 or aga9/ x4 ,mr4 ,web/] 0 always ( ! same op9ion1 & has decl>$ x a hundr$ times4 ,9 8 ,m>%field spee*1 ,septemb] #a1 #ahdh1 he said1 8,he ,g5]al ,cass w surely h ! ,s5ate1 & ) ! patronage ( ! gov]nm5t1 ) e int]e/ t he1 z a nor!rn man1 c br+ to be>1 cop]at+ ) e int]e/ t ! s\? c br+ to be>1 we cry safety be=e we are out ( ! woods1 if we feel t !re is no dang] ( slav]y z to ^! new t]ritories40 ,up to ! #g? ( ,m>*1 #ahej1 !n1 :5 he ab&on$ all ! doctr9es & s5tim5ts he _h ev] be=e advocat$ on ?is subject1 & :5 he incurr$ ! public1 he>ty approval & encomiums ( ,mr4 ,calh\n1 by 8 moral agility 9 spr++1 at "o leap1 f ,massa*usetts to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2--until ?is "t1 ,mr4 ,web/] _h always held1 t slav]y w\ld invade ! new t]ritories if n b>r$ out ( !m by positive law4 ,& :at w\ld be /ill m rem>kable1 if ! doctr9es ( ! #g? ( ,m>* spee* _h ! lea/ %ad[ ( s\ndness 9 !m1 is1 t !y h n[ be5 be=e ! public = m ?an f\r mon?s1 &1 s f> z ,i "k1 n a s+le s\!rn man has be5 conv]t$ by !m4 ,are n ,mr4 ,b5ton1 ,mr4 ,mason1 ,colonel ,davis1 & ?\s&s ( o!rs1 individually1 z good judges1 or z good witnesses1 z he is8 ,s9ce ! spee*1 ! p ( ,new ,mexico h prohibit$ slav]y 9 _! con/itution1 because !y knew x to be possible among !m4 ,be=e ! spee*1 ,cali=nia did ! same1 & = ! same reason4 ,! ,na%ville conv5tion has j resolv$1 8,t ,cali=nia is peculi>ly adapt$ = slave labor1 & t if ! t5ure ( slave prop]ty 0 by recognition ( ?is k9d secur$ 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry s\? ( #cf #cj1 x w\ld 9 a %ort "t =m "o or m slavehold+ /ates1 to swell ! numb] & p[] ( ^? already 9 exi/5ce40 ,ev5 ^? :o seek to apologize = ,mr4 ,web/]1 av[1 at ! same "t1 _! disbelief 9 8 doctr9e4 ,su* is ! evid5ce1 on ! "o side & on ! o!r1 z to ! possibility or impossibility ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,mr4 ,web/] is aga9/ ! :ole _w1 & ! :ole _w is aga9/ him1 & ?is1 too1 on a "q already settl$ by hi/ory & exp]i5ce4 ,he is j z mu* to be believ$1 z a man :o looks up into ! cle> midnight sky1 & d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ! heav5ly ho/1 :ile all ! />s ( ! firmam5t are %9+ d[n into 8 eyes4 ,to increase ! ov]:elm+ pro( aga9/ ,mr4 ,web/]1 ,i add ! foll[+3-- ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives1 ,june #a1 #ahej4 ,,hon4 ,s4 ,r4 ,,?ur/on1 ,delegate f ,oregon4 ,,de> ,,sir2 ,9 a spee* deliv]$ by y1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 ,m>* la/1 ,i und]/ood y to say t y _h be5 9 ! valley ( ! ,great ,salt ,lake1 & t y 7 acqua9t$1 f p]sonal obs]vation1 ) a l>ge "p ( ! t]ritory ( ,cali=nia4 ,w y be s good z to give me y\r op9ion1 & ! reasons = ent]ta9+ x1 ( ! probability or improbability ( ! introduction ( slave labor into any "p ( ! t]ritory rec5tly acquir$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ,mexico2 provid$ su* introduction be n prohibit$ by law4 ,i wi% to obta9 y\r op9ion 9 reg>d to o!r k9ds ( labor1 z well z agricultural2 because1 z x seems to me1 a mo/ unw>rantable1 if n a mo/ dis+5u\s attempt has be5 made1 to lead ! public to believe t no =m ( slave labor w ev] be introduc$ !re1 because1 possibly1 or probably1 x may n be introduc$ = agricultural purposes4 ,a reply at y\r e>lie/ conv5i5ce w mu* oblige ,y\rs1 v truly1 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,june #aj1 #ahej4 ,,hon4 ,,horace ,,mann2 ,i receiv$ a note f y "s days ago1 mak+ c]ta9 inquiries1 b :i*1 up to ?is "t1 ,i h be5 unable to answ]4 ,i desire to take no "p 9 ! "q n[ divid+ ! c\ntry2 b z y h ask$ my judgm5t ^u a matt] :i* appe>s to be a disput$ po9t1 ,i _c1 consi/5tly ) ! law ( c\rtesy1 refuse y an answ]4 ,t answ] w be 9 con=mity ) :at ,i h frequ5tly said1 h]et(ore1 9 private conv]sation ) g5tlem5 on ?is subject4 ,! po9t ( inquiry seems to be1 :e!r slave labor c\ld be pr(itably employ$ 9 ,oregon1 ,cali=nia1 ,utah1 & ,new ,mexico4 ,if ! nature ( ! climate & res\rces ( ^! c\ntries are su* z to furni% a pr(itable m>ket = slave labor1 x appe>s to be conc$$1 on all sides1 t x w\ld be introduc$1 if left free to seek pr(itable inve/m5t1 l o!r capital4 ,! :ole po9t at issue1 !n1 is dep5d5t1 z x is conceiv$1 ^u ! det]m9ation ( ! fir/ po9t ( inquiry4 ,h5ce1 to t po9t1 only1 x is necess>y = me to conf9e my answ]4 ,i ne$ n rem9d y ( ! law regulat+ ! inve/m5t ( capital4 ,x w always g :]e1 "u all circum/ances1 x w yield ! greate/ return to ! own]4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple ,i am v cle>1 t slave labor1 if unre/rict$1 c\ld be employ$ 9 ,oregon1 ) at lea/ d\ble ! pr(it to ! own] ( ! slave t x n[ yields 9 any /ate ( ! ,union4 ,i am un9=m$ z to ! usual price ( slave labor 9 ! /ates1 b ! price paid to ,indians 9 ,oregon dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 = labor1 has rang$ f two to ?ree doll>s p] day4 ,dome/ic negro s]vants1 :e!r male or female1 :o und]/& ! bus9ess ( h\sework1 w\ld comm&1 readily1 five or six hundr$ doll>s a ye>4 ,i recollect well t !re 0 a mulatto man on bo>d ! vessel 9 :i* ,i took passage f ,oregon to ,san ,francisco1 :o 0 paid "o hundr$ & eighty doll>s p] mon? = 8 s]vices z cook4 ,i w n /op to p>ticul>ize fur!r1 9 reg>d to ! inducem5ts ,oregon w\ld (f] to unre/rict$ slave labor1 b w simply add1 t a v l>ge numb] ( slaves might n[ be employ$ 9 ,oregon at annual wages suffici5tly l>ge to pur*ase _! fre$om4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 t ! po9t is settl$ s f> z ,oregon is conc]n$1 & t slave labor1 if x _h be5 left free to seek pr(itable employm5t1 w\ld readily f9d its way to t t]ritory4 ,z to ,cali=nia1 ,i am equally cle>4 ,cali=nia w always be a m9+ c\ntry1 & wages w range high4 ,at pres5t1 slave labor 9 ,cali=nia w\ld be m pr(itable ?an 9 ,oregon4 ,& ,i h always be5 ( ! op9ion1 t :]ev] !re is a m9+ c\ntry1 if n 9 a climate uncong5ial to slave labor1 t species ( labor w\ld be pr(itable4 ,t x w\ld be 9 ! ,cali=nia m9es1 is evid5t4 ,a good able-bodi$ slave w\ld h comm&$1 9 ,cali=nia1 dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 f eight to t5 hundr$ doll>s p] annum4 ,:5 x is recollect$ t "o hundr$ doll>s p] annum1 ^u an av]age1 is consid]$ a good comp5sation = _! labor 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 x is idle1 9 my judgm5t1 to cont5d t slaves w\ld n be c>ri$ to ! ,cali=nia m>ket1 if protect$ by law4 ,! greate/ imp$im5t :i* :ite labor has to enc\nt] 9 ! m9es1 is ! int5sity ( ! heat1 & ! preval5ce ( bili\s disease4 ,! "o is almo/ insuff]able1 :ile ! o!r is pe/il5tial4 ,aga9/ bo? ( ^! ! negro is almo/ pro(4 ,n[1 :ile :ite labor is s high1 x is evid5t t no "o c hire a :ite labor]1 except at a rate t w\ld consume 8 pr(it4 ,n s ) negro labor4 ,t species ( labor might be obta9$ = half ! am\nt :i* y w\ld h to pay = :ite labor4 ,! result w\ld be a pr(it alike to ! hir] & sell] ( slave labor4 ,!re is no d\bt1 9 my judgm5t1 t almo/ any numb] ( slaves might be hir$ out 9 ,cali=nia1 7 ! :ites will+ to all[ x1 at f eight to t5 hundr$ doll>s a ye>4 ,?is is pay s mu* above :at _! s]vices comm& 9 ! /ates1 z to satisfy any "o1 t c\ld ?is species ( s]vice be protect$ 9 ,cali=nia1 x w\ld ru% to ! ,pacific 9 almo/ any quantity4 ,let u next turn our att5tion to ,utah & ,new ,mexico4 ,i h no d\bt1 f :at k ,i h ( ^? c\ntries1 t !y w turn out to be fill$ ) ! ri*e/ m9es4 ,i clip ! foll[+ f a rec5t pap]1 conta9+ ! news f ,texas & ,*ihuahua3-- 8,mr4 ,james 0 in=m$1 by ,major ,neighb\rs & ,mr4 ,lee ,v9+1 t !y _h be5 %[n by ,major ,/e91 "s gold wa%$ out by 8 troops1 on ! ,gila ,riv]1 9 a %ort excursion to t /ream4 8,x is report$1 t1 at ! copp] m9es above ,el ,paso1 !re are ab\t "o hundr$ tons ( pure copp] ly+ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,?is _h be5 got out by ,mexicans1 & ab&on$ :5 attack$ by ,indians4 8,!re are at ,el ,paso1 9 ! h&s ( diff]5t p]sons1 sev]al l>ge am\nts ( silv] ore1 tak5 f ! m9es 9 t neighborhood4 ,) gu>anties ( titles to l&s1 & protection f ,indians1 only a %ort "t w\ld elapse be=e all ^! m9es w\ld be well work$1 & we w\ld h l>ge quantities ( metal seek+ a m>ket ?r\gh ?is place40 ,& if y consult ,fremont's map1 pr9t$ by ord] ( ! ,s5ate 9 #ahdh1 y w f9d1 ne> ! s\rce ( "o ( ! bran*es ( ! ,gila ,riv]1 8copp] & gold m9es0 laid d[n4 ,& if ,i am n greatly mi/ak51 x w turn out t ! ,mormons are 9 possession ( ! ri*e/ k9d ( m9es1 ea/ ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada4 ,x is kn[n1 too1 t silv] & copp] m9es h1 = _m ye>s1 be5 work$ 9 ,new ,mexico2 & ,i am in=m$ by ,hugh ,n4 ,smi?1 ,esq41 t !re are1 9 t t]ritory1 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 lead1 & z9c m9es ( ! ri*e/ quality1 & t ! reason :y !y h n latt]ly be5 work$ m ext5sively is1 t x is prev5t$ by ! incursions ( ! ,indians4 ,he is ( ! op9ion1 & he is borne out by :at hi/ory we c get on ! subject1 t :5 ^! m9es %all come to be explor$1 _! weal? w turn out to be enorm\s4 ,:5 y h once ca/ y\r eye ov] ! c\ntry ly+ we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & ea/ ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 & are in=m$ ( ! peculi>ity ( ! gold be>+ region1 y at once become conv9c$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is 9 possession ( m9]al weal? s va/1 t ages w n be able to measure its ext5t4 ,& :5 ^! m9es %all beg9 to be develop$1 & _! unque/ionable ri*ness kn[n1 population w set t way1 att5d$ ) ! usual consequ5ces1 high prices1 & a dem& = labor4 ,if slave labor is l o!r capital1 if x w g :]e x is be/ paid1 !n we h a "r to say x w seek ^! m9es1 & become a "p ( ! produc+ capital ( ! c\ntry :]e ^? m9es are locat$4 ,t ^! :ole regions are fill$ ) ri* m9es1 is little less ?an c]ta91 & t !y c be pr(itably work$ by slave labor is sure4 ,h5ce1 7 ,i a s\!rn man1 & my prop]ty inve/$ 9 slaves1 ,i %\ld consid] ! m>kets ( ,new ,mexico1 ,utah1 & ,cali=nia1 = slave labor1 wor?y ( an honorable conte/ to secure4 ,i am1 sir1 ) due consid]ation1 y\rs1 truly1 ,,samuel ,r4 ,,?ur/on4 #e4 ,! ,k5nebec lett] has ano!r mo/ extraord9>y & discr$itable passage4 ,x is ne> ! close4 ,mr4 ,web/] quotes f a spee* deliv]$ by him 9 ! ,s5ate1 ,m>* #bc1 #ahdh1 says x 0 publi%$ 9 newspap]s & circulat$ 9 pamphlet =m1 & t t spee* conta9$ ! same doctr9es 9 reg>d to ! 8legal con/ruction & effect ( ! resolutions0 = admitt+ ,texas1 z are conta9$ 9 ! spee* ( ! #g? ( ,m>*4 ,he says nobody compla9$ !n1 & he wond]s t any body %\ld compla9 n[4 ,x is v rem>kable t su* a man z ,mr4 ,web/] %\ld furni%1 9 ! v quotation :i* he (f]s1 ! means ( utt]ly confut+ ! ass]tion :i* he makes4 ,i suppose ?is c be acc\nt$ = only on ! gr\nd1 t he n[ occupies a position s antagoni/ic to t :i* he has ab&on$ t he c h>dly ref] to 8 =m] views )\t self-impea*m5t & self-conviction4 ,let passages f ! two spee*es be plac$ side by side1 to %[1 n _! id5tity1 b _! utt] irreconcilability4 ,,m>* #bc1 #ahdh4 ,a passage quot$ by himself4 8,x %all be 9 ! p[] ( ,congress h]eaft] to make f\r o!r new /ates out ( ,texan t]ritory40 ,,m>* #g1 #ahej4 8,i wi% x to be di/9ctly und]/ood1 to-day1 t1 accord+ to my view ( ! matt]1 ?is gov]nm5t is solemnly pl$g$ by law & contract to create new /ates out ( ,texas10 c4 7p4 #db47 ,! fir/ quotation only ass]ts a 8p[]0 9 ,congress to create new /ates2 ! la/ affirms an obligation1 8by law & contract10 to d s4 ,h[ c\ld ,mr4 ,web/] h expect$ t ?is broad di/9ction betwe5 p[] & duty1 betwe5 option & obligation1 c\ld escape ! att5tion ( 8 read]s8 ,b !re is ano!r discrepancy or contradiction /ill m rem>kable3 ,,m>* #bc1 #ahdh4 8,x %all be 9 ! p[] ( ,congress h]eaft] to make f\r o!r new /ates out ( ,texan t]ritory40 ,,m>* #g1 #ahej4 8----! gu>anty is1 t new /ates %all be made out ( x1 & t su* /ates z are =m$ out ( t portion ( ,texas ly+ s\? ( #cf #cj1 may come 9 z slave /ates to ! numb] ( f\r1 9 addition to ! /ate !n 9 exi/5ce40 7p4 #bi47 ,! fir/ spee* speaks ( ! p[] ( ,congress1 b ! la/ ( ! obligation ( ,congress1 to admit new /ates out ( ,texan t]ritory4 ,! fir/ speaks ( 8f\r o!r new /ates20 b ! la/ ( ! 8gu>anty0 to admit 8,,slave /ates to ! numb] ( f\r40 ,yet ! fir/ spee* is cit$1 to m5 :o c read & write1 z id5tical 89 legal con/ruction & effect0 ) ! la/4 ,! motto "u :i* ,danton attempt$ to c>ry himself ?r\gh 8 bloody c>e]1 03 8,l'audace1 l'audace1 t\j\rs l'audace40 8,audacity1 audacity1 always audacity40 ,b :at else did ,mr4 ,web/] say1 9 8 spee* ( ! #bc;d ( ,m>*1 #ahdh8 ,ref]r+ to ! debate :i* took place 9 ,decemb]1 #ahde1 on ! f9al act = admitt+ ,texas1 ,mr4 ,web/] said3 8,& ,i add$1 t :ile ,i held1 ) z mu* fai?fulness z any citiz5 ( ! c\ntry1 to all ! orig9al arrangem5ts & compromises ( ! con/itution "u :i* we live1 ,i nev] c\ld1 & ,i nev] %\ld1 br+ myself to be 9 favor ( ! admission ( any /ates into ! ,union z slavehold+ /ates40#ac ,?is is :at ,mr4 ,web/] reports himself to h said :5 ! f9al vote on ! admission ( ,texas 0 imm$iately to be tak51 & :5 he comm5c$ 8 spee* by say+1 8,i am q aw>e1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 t ! resolution w pass10--mean+ ! resolution = ! admission ( ,texas4 ,mr4 ,web/]'s 8nev] c\ld & nev] %\ld0 cov]$ ! exact case ( ! !n contemplat$ future slavehold+ /ates to be =m$ out ( ,texas4 ,:ile 9 ! broadness ( its t]ms x embrac$ all slavehold+ /ates1 :5soev]1 or :5cesoev] !y might come1 x _h special & po9t$ application to any slave /ate to be !reaft] =m$ out ( ,texan t]ritory4 ,9 ! same spee* ( ,decemb] #bb1 #ahde1 ,mr4 ,web/] spoke z foll[s3-- 8,x may be said t accord+ to ! provisions ( ! con/itution1 new /ates are to be admitt$ on ! same foot+ z ! old /ates4 ,x may be s2 b x does n foll[ at all f t provision t e t]ritory or portion ( c\ntry may at pleasure e/abli% slav]y1 & !n say we w become a portion ( ! ,union2 & w br+ ) u ! pr9ciples :i* we may h ?us adopt$1 & mu/ be receiv$ on ! same foot+ z ! old /ates4 ,x w always be a "q :e!r ! old /ates h n a "r1 7& ,i ?9k !y h ! cle>e/ "r17 to require t ! /ate com+ into ! ,union %\ld come 9 ^u an equality2 &1 if ! exi/5ce ( slav]y be an imp$im5t to com+ 9 on an equality1 !n ! /ate propos+ to come 9 %\ld be requir$ to remove t inequality by aboli%+ slav]y1 or take ! alt]native ( be+ exclud$40 ,he also said1 9 ! same spee*1 8,i agree ) ! unanim\s op9ion ( ! legislature ( ,massa*usetts40 ,& :at 0 ?is 8unanim\s op9ion ( ! legislature ( ,massa*usetts08 ,among _m o!r ?+s equally decisive1 ! ,massa*usetts legislature1 on ! #bf? ( ,m>*1 #ahde1--;&1 ( c\rse1 long aft] ! annexation resolutions _h be5 pass$1--decl>$ z foll[s3-- 8,& :]eas ! cons5t ( ! executive & legislative dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 giv51 by a resolution pass$ on ! #bg? ( ,febru>y la/1 to ! adoption ( prelim9>y measures to accompli% ?is nef>i\s project1 ! admission ( ,texas1 ) ! /ipulation to admit f\r m /ates out ( its t]ritory2 !re=e1 be x 8,resolv$1 ,t ,massa*usetts h]eby refuses to ackn[l$ge ! act ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 au?oriz+ ! admission ( ,texas1 z a legal act1 9 any way b9d+ h] f us+ h] utmo/ ex]tions1 9 cop]ation ) o!r /ates1 by e lawful & con/itutional measure1 to annul its conditions1 & defeat its accompli%m5t4 8,resolv$1 ,t no t]ritory h]eaft] apply+ to be admitt$ to ! ,union1 z a /ate1 %\ld be admitt$ )\t a condition t dome/ic slav]y %\ld be utt]ly ext+ui%$ )9 its bord]s1 & ,massa*usetts d5ies ! validity ( any compromise :atsoev]1 t may h be51 or t may h]eaft] be1 ent]$ into by p]sons 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union1 int5d$ to preclude ! future application ( su* a condition by ! p1 act+ ?r\gh _! repres5tatives 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,su* 7 ! op9ions :i* ,mr4 ,web/] !n op5ly express$1 & su* ! resolutions ( ! legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 :i* he fully indors$4 ,yet he n[ pr(esses to wond] t any body c see any diff]5ce betwe5 ! doctr9e ( ^? spee*es & resolutions1 & ^? ( 8 spee* deliv]$ on ! #g? ( ,m>*4#ad #f4 ,a ref]5ce to a few o!r mis/atem5ts ( facts w close my rem>ks on ?is subject4 ,mr4 ,web/] says t1 previ\s to writ+ 8 ,newburyport lett]1 he made 8dilig5t inquiry10 ( memb]s ( ,congress f ,new ,engl&1 to asc]ta9 h[ _m arre/s ( fugitive slaves _h be5 made 9 _! "t2 & he adds1 8! result ( all ,i c le>n is ?is3 ,no seizure ( an alleg$ slave has ev] be5 made 9 ,ma9e40 ,n[1 two su* cases h happ5$ 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e4 ,"o took place 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate1 ab\t #ahce or '#cf4 ,! o!r happ5$ at or ne> ,?oma/on1 a little lat]4 ,9 ?is latt] case1 ! fugitive came to ,ma9e 9 a ,?oma/on vessel1 ^: ma/] 0 aft]w>ds dem&$ z a fugitive f ju/ice4 ,?is dem& gave rise to a prolong$ correspond5ce1 ,i ?9k1 ) no less ?an ?ree gov]nors ( ,ma9e4 ,?is correspond5ce 0 ext5sively circulat$ ?r\gh ! newspap]s1 or ref]r$ to by !m1 & x w\ld seem h>dly possible t ,mr4 ,web/] %\ld n h se5 x4 ,s9ce ! ,newburyport lett] 0 publi%$1 ?is mis/atem5t ( fact has be5 notic$ 9 ! ,ma9e newspap]s1 yet no retraction is made4 ,! mis/atem5t is all[$ to be spread ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 uncorrect$ by its au?or4 ,mr4 ,web/] !n adds1 8,no seizure ( an alleg$ fugitive slave has ev] be5 made 9 ,v]mont40 ,tradition1 &1 z ,i believe1 au!ntic hi/ory1 contradict ,mr4 ,web/] "h4 ,x is said by 8memb]s ( ,congress0 f ,v]mont1 t an alleg$ fugitive 0 c>ri$ be=e ,judge ,h>r+ton ( ,v]mont1 9 #ahjg1 & on 8 be+ ask$ :at evid5ce w\ld satisfy him t ! p]son 0 a slave1 he repli$1 8,a bill ( sale f ,almighty ,god40 ,b ev5 if ^! /atem5ts ( ,mr4 ,web/]1 ) reg>d to ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 7 all true1 x w\ld avail him no?+2 =1 9 ! eye ( patriotism1 x matt]s n :]e su* seizures are made4 ,i ref] to x only to %[ t ,mr4 ,web/] is n to be reli$ ^u 9 ^! matt]s1 ei!r = ! accuracy ( 8 orig9al positions1 or = a retraction ( !m1 :5 _! error is po9t$ out by ! public press4 ,i wi% n to be und]/ood1 on ?is p>ticul> po9t1 z imput+ to ,mr4 ,web/] an int5tional mis/atem5t2 because he accompani$ 8 orig9al /atem5t ) a salvo4 ,he confess$1--& he is entitl$ to ! full b5efit ( ! confession1--t 8 in=mation might n be 8entirely accurate10 ?\gh he suppos$ x n to be 8mat]ially errone\s40 ,x is 8mat]ially errone\s20 & ?\gh "o error has be5 expos$ 9 ! ,ma9e pap]s1 he does n rectify x4 ,possibly he does n "k x4 ,:ile hold+ ,massa*usetts up to reproa* = 8gr[+ f]vid on ,p5nsylvania wrongs10 ,mr4 ,web/] draws succor & enc\ragem5t f ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & especially f ! ,fri5ds ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,he says t !y rema9 8( s\nd & dispos+ m9ds & memories20 & he contra/s _! wisdom & composure ) ! 8vehem5t & empty decl>ations1 ! wild & fanta/ic conduct ( bo? m5 & wom5 :i* h s long di/urb$ & s mu* disgrac$ ! commonweal?0 ( ,massa*usetts4 ,he !n adds1 8,i am misl$ by au?ority :i* ought n to mislead1 if x be n true1 t t great body1 ( ,fri5ds1 approves ! s5tim5ts to :i* ,i gave utt]ance on ! floor ( ! ,s5ate40 ,i w n[ %[ t ?is alleg$ approval by ! ,fri5ds1 ?\gh wor?y ( any price b tru?1 0 too de>ly b\ght4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,fri5ds are divid$ into two great d5om9ations4 ,ea* has its p]iodical1 "o n[ 9 its eigh?1 ! o!r 9 its f\r? ye>4 ,9 ! numb]s publi%$ s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! ,newburyport lett]1 bo? ^! p]iodicals d n 8approve10 b repudiate & d5\nce ! s5tim5ts to :i* ,mr4 ,web/] gave utt]ance 8on ! floor ( ! ,s5ate40 ,! ,fri5d's ,intellig5c] deals at l5g? ) ,mr4 ,web/]'s 8s5tim5ts0 on ! 8,fugitive ,slave ,bill20 on ! legislation ( ! nor? = ! protection ( its own citiz5s2 on 8 pseudo discov]ies 9 8physical geography20 & on ! 8legal con/ruction & effect0 ( ! ,texas resolutions2 & x condemns !m all4 ,! ,fri5d's ,review diss5ts n less positively f ,mr4 ,web/]'s positions2 & bo? call him sev]ely to acc\nt = ! defamation ( !mselves1 :i* 8 lett] implies4 ,on 8 8s5tim5ts0 respect+ fugitive slaves1 ! 8,review0 obs]ves t !y h yet to le>n 8t t "p ( 8 spee* 0 approv$ by any memb] or pr(essor ( ! society40 ,i wi% ,i _h space to quote f ^! able articles1 b mu/ =be>4 ,john ,g4 ,:itti]1 ,esq41 speak+ = ! ,quak]s ( ,new ,engl&1 gives 8a p]emptory d5ial0 to ,mr4 ,web/]'s /atem5t4 ,i quote ! foll[+ p>agraph f him3-- 8,n[1 we und]take to say t !re is n a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 9 free or slave /ates1 :o1 :e!r act+ z a magi/rate or z citiz51 c\ld c>ry out ! provisions ( ?is mo/ atroci\s bill1 )\t r5d]+ himself liable to imm$iate expulsion f a society ^: "* w\ld be disgrac$1 & ^: discipl9e w\ld be violat$1 by su* action4 ,x has be51 9 times pa/1 ! mis=tune ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds to be vilifi$1 c>icatur$1 & misrepres5t$2 b we rememb] no?+1 ev5 9 ! old days ( p]secution1 s h>d to be> z ! complim5ts ( ! ,massa*usetts s5ator4 ,:atev] 8 #8au?ority' may h be51 we d n hesitate to pron\nce x unqualifi$ly false to ! la/ degree40 ,n[ :at %all be ?\ght ( a cause t requires su* a s]ies ( fabrications z ,mr4 ,web/] is "h prov$ to h made1 or ( ! man t c make x6 ,!re are _m o!r po9ts pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,web/]'s spee* ( ! #g? ( ,m>*1 or by :at he has s9ce said & writt5 to def5d x1 :i* seem to me z unw>rantable 9 fact1 & z repreh5sible 9 pr9ciple1 z any above enum]at$4 ,i %all close ^! notes1 h[ev]1 ) "o comm5t m2 res]v+ o!rs1--?\gh s9c]ely hop+ nev] to h occasion to use !m4 ,among ! excoriations ) :i* ,mr4 ,web/] amus$ himself & 8 s\!rn new-born pro-slav]y admir]s1 on ! #g? ( ,m>* la/1 he flay$ nobody half s deeply or s complac5tly1 z he did 8 old fell[-s5ators1 ,messrs4 ,dix1 ( ,new ,york1 & ,niles1 ( ,connecticut4 ,he scor$ !m to ! liv+ fle%1 & !n soo!d _! sm>t+ w\nds by vitriol & cau/ic1 z ?\gh he lov$ !m4 ,_! ag5cy 9 ! ,texas sw9dle1 he made odi\sly conspicu\s4 ,he taunt$ !m ) he>t-pi]c+ innu5do = _! compulsory retirem5t f public life4 ,& !n he portray$ !m z occupy+ _! en=c$ vacation 9 attempt+ to r\se ! p to save ^? regions f ! curse ( slav]y1 :i*1 b = _! s9s1 nev] w\ld h be5 expos$ to x4 ,he work$ up ! sc5e s graphically1 t e "o mock$ at _! contemptible plight1 & at ! ridicul\s contra/ betwe5 ! swiftness ( _! (f5ce & ! lam5ess ( _! expiation4 ,! effect 0 dramatic4 ,! pro-slav]y "p ( ! gall]y & ! floor respond$ ) a %\t ( laught]4 ,yet devot$ & long-tri$ fri5ds ( ,mr4 ,web/] 7 !re1 :om no d>kness ( bl9dness c\ld prev5t f see+ t 8 bitt] s>casm aga9/ ! ex-s5ators1 ?\gh calculat$ to make ! 8unskilful laugh10 mu/ make ! 8judici\s grieve40 ,!y c\ld n fail to see t he1 ,mr4 ,web/] himself1 at t v mom5t1 0 occupy+ precisely ! same pro-slav]y gr\nd1 :i* ,messrs4 ,dix & ,niles _h occupi$1 :5 !y br\ght 9 ,texas & 8rennex$0 ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico4 ,he 0 ex]t+ all 8 great tal5ts to d an act ( precisely ! same "* :i* ,messrs4 ,dix & ,niles _h done2--t is1 to op5 new t]ritory to slav]y4 ,& d\btless ! fir/ ?\ght :i* arose 9 _m a m9d 0 ! same melan*oly "o :i* spontane\sly arose 9 my own1 t %\ld he succe$ 9 argu+ d[n1 or laugh+ d[n ! 8,wilmot0 z he twice scornfully call$ ! great proviso ( fre$om2 & %\ld he !n betake himself to p5it5ce & pray]1 & by ye>s ( ef=t1 /rive to /ay back f slav]y ! regions he _h doom$ to x1 he w\ld only h elevat$ himself to ! v 8plat=m0 on :i* ,messrs4 ,dix & ,niles /ood :5 he made !m ! objects ( 8 taunts & ridicule6 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,! above criticism on ,mr4 ,web/]'s lat9ity ar\s$ _m self-suppos$ s*ol>s1 or at lea/ fair pr(ici5ts 9 ! ,lat9 gramm>1 to take up ! p5 9 8 def5ce4 ,b unluckily1 ! quills !y seiz$ 7 pluck$1 n f ! ,roman eagle1 b f ! w+s ( "s ( ^? 8unclean birds10 to :i* ,mr4 ,web/] _h introduc$ !m4 ,among ! mo/ conspicu\s ( ^! def5d]s ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s ludicr\s blund]1 0 ,pr(essor ,felton1 ( ,h>v>d ,college4 ,if any p]son wi%es to see "o ( ! mo/ neat1 elegant1 & at ! same "t ?or\gh cases ( deplumation1 any :]e to be f\nd 9 lit]>y hi/ory1 9 :i* an individual :o /rutt$ on to ! /age z a peacock1 0 soon oblig$ to leave x z a daw1 he has only to read ,dr4 ,beck's articles 9 8,! ,lit]>y ,_w10 9 :i* ! fabricat$ quotation ( ,mr4 ,web/]1 & ,pr(essor ,felton's def5ce ( x1 are %[n to be exce$+ly bad z ,lat91 & mu* worse z logic4 #ac ,cong4 ,globe1 #a/ session #cj? ,congress1 p4 #ecc4 #ad ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 9 a pamphlet entitl$ 8,consci5ce & ! ,con/itution10 pp4 #gh1 #i1 /eps 9 to def5d ,mr4 ,web/]'s position t we are b\nd1 by contract ) ,texas1 to admit f h] t]ritory1 8slave /ates to ! numb] ( f\r20 & he incid5tally ref]s to & combats my views on ?is subject4 ,i respectfully submit to ! rev]$ & le>n$ pr(essor a s+le consid]ation1 :i* ,i tru/ w conv9ce him t ,i am n 9 error4 ,= argum5t's sake1 admit ! contract ) ,texas to be unimpea*able2 al?\gh1 if x be s1 ,i see n :y any "o ,congress may n absorb & exhau/ all ! p[] to admit new /ates1 :i* ! con/itution conta9s1 by mak+ contracts = c5turies to come1 = all ! new /ates t %all be admitt$2 & = all ! applications = admission t %all be reject$4 ,b1 admitt+ ! validity ( ! ,texan contract1 :at does x purport8 ,t 8new /ates10 8n exce$+ f\r10 8may be =m$ out ( ! t]ritory !re(40 ,^? s\? ( #cf #cj1 may be slave2 t1 or ^?1 nor? ( #cf #cj1 %all be free2 ! :ole 8n exce$+ f\r40 ,"h1 !n1 is an executory & mutual contract4 ,x is executory2 because x is n to be execut$ at ! "t ( mak+1 b 9 futuro4 ,x is mutual1 because1 = ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 & = ! "o or m slave /ates1 s\? ( #cf #cj1 !re are to be "o or m free /ates nor? ( x4 ,n[1 ! pr9ciple is s cle> t ,i ?9k no "o w = a mom5t dispute x1 t :5 an executory & mutual contract is to be execut$1 say at f\r diff]5t times1 ea* prec$+ act ( execution mu/ be su* z to all[ ( ! ultimate execution ( ! :ole4 ,nei!r ! fir/1 second1 nor ?ird act ( execution1 mu/ be s execut$ z to r5d] ! f\r? impossible4 ,nei!r ! fir/1 second1 nor ?ird act1 mu/ be s execut$ 9 favor ( ei!r ( ! p>ties1 z to r5d] ! execution ( ! f\r?1 9 favor ( ! o!r p>ty1 impossible4 ,b if ,texas c h 8slave /ates to ! numb] ( f\r10 =m$ 9 succession out ( h] t]ritory1 !n1 z ! :ole numb] to be =m$ is n to exce$ 8f\r10 !re c be no free /ate =m$1 "u ! alleg$ contract4 ,x is n )9 my k t su* an int]pretation ( ?is suppos$ contract 0 ev] sugge/$ by any ,texan citiz51 or by any s\!rn man4 ,i suppose x to h be5 advanc$1 fir/1 by a nor!rn s5ator2 & second$1 fir/1 by a nor!rn div9e4 ,,lett] ,,answ]+ ,,an ,,invitation ,,to ,,celebrate ,,! ,,anniv]s>y ,,( ,,! ,,ord9ance ,,( #aghg1 ,,at ,,clevel&1 ,,ohio4 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,july #i1 #ahdi4 ,,g5tlem52 ,i h receiv$ y\r k9d invitation to be pres5t at ,clevel&1 on ! #ac? in/41 to celebrate ! anniv]s>y ( ! great 8,ord9ance0 :i* exclud$ slav]y =ev] f1 & secur$ fre$om =ev] to ! ,nor?-we/]n ,t]ritory4 ,if ,i c\ld tell y h[ deeply ,i sympa?ize ) y 9 ?is movem5t1 & h[ mu* my s\l desires1 n m]ely to celebrate1 b to hall[ ! ev5t1 y w\ld !n believe me :5 ,i say1 t ,i h _h a %>p /ruggle n to =ego all consid]ations ( bus9ess & ( heal?1 = ! purpose ( jo9+ 9 y\r fe/ival4 ,i reg>d ! ,ord9ance :i* r$eem$ a t]ritory ( m ?an two hundr$ & sixty ?\s& squ>e miles1 f ! unspeakable s9 & curse ( slav]y1 & consecrat$ x to fre$om1 z "o ( ! gr&e/ moral ev5ts 9 ! annals ( mank9d4 ,)\t t ,ord9ance1 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce itself1 9 its application to t va/ & f]tile region1 w\ld h be5 depriv$ ( its p[] to conf] bless+ & prosp]ity ^u x2 & x is a fact nev] to be =gott51 t ! orig9al ,decl>ation & ! orig9al ,ord9ance 7 bo? drawn up by ! same great *ampion ( human rights1 ^: hatr$ ( slav]y grew /rong & deep by 8 p]sonal k ( its wrongs & its calamities4 ,)\t ! ,ord9ance1 ! ,revolution itself1 9 its application to t t]ritory1 & ! treaty ( #aghc1 by :i* its ample doma9 0 secur$ to ! ,union1 w\ld h be5 %orn ( _! glory1 & robb$ ( _! value4 ,)\t ! ,ord9ance1 ! discov]y ( ?is ,we/]n cont95t1 s f> z t t]ritory con/itutes a "p ( x1 w\ld h giv5 u no occasion to rememb] ! "n ( ,columbus ) gratitude4 ,)\t ! ,ord9ance1 x w\ld h be5 bett]1 at ! creation ( ! _w1 t all t "p ( x :i* n[ con/itutes y\r five beautiful & fl\ri%+ /ates1 ) a residuum ( space l>ge en\gh = /ill ano!r1 _h be5 left z a 8,dead ,sea10 ^: bitt] & poison\s wat]s w\ld n h all[$ a live ?+ to swim b5ea? its surface1 nor to fly above x1 nor a gre5 ?+ to gr[ by its %ores4 ,& )\t ! ,ord9ance1 x is no irrev]5ce to say1 t ev5 ! omnipot5t ,_s ( ,god1 work+ ?r\gh natural laws1 = human progress & human bless$ness1 w\ld h met ) baffl+s & ?reat5+s 9 its op]ations & influ5ces = ! r$emption ( ! race4 ,accept1 g5tlem51 ! assurance ( my sympa?y & reg>d4 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,vaughan1 ,committee4 ,,?omas ,,br[n1 ,,lett] ,,accept+ ,,! ,,nom9ation ,,( ,,! ,,free ,,soil ,,conv5tion ,,= ,,repres5tative ,,to ,,! ,,?irty-,,second ,,congress4 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,oct4 #bd1 #ahej4 ,,hon4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,adams2 ,de> ,sir1--,y\r favor ( ! #ba/ in/41 is ?is day receiv$4 ,x in=ms me t at a conv5tion1 7ov] :i* y _h ! honor to preside17 held at ,d$ham1 on ! #af? in/41 ,i 0 unanim\sly nom9at$ z a c&idate = ,repres5tative to ! ?irty-second ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= ! k9d t]ms 9 :i* y\r communication is express$1 be pleas$ to accept my ?anks4 ,?is nom9ation places me 9 no new relation to ! fri5ds ( fre$om & humanity1 :]ev] !y may be f\nd4 ,i believe my "n 0 fir/ sugge/$ to ! vot]s ( ?is di/rict1 7n[ ne>ly ?ree ye>s ago17 on ! gr\nd ( my suppos$ devotion to ! rights ( m54 ,! resolutions pass$ at all ! conv5tions by :i* ,i h be5 nom9at$1 & especially ^? pass$ s repeat$ly & unanim\sly by our /ate legislature1 h be5 9 ! nature ( in/ructions2 or1 at lea/1 ( urg5t advice & solicitation1 9 reg>d to my c\rse on ! great que/ions :i* h s9ce agitat$ ! c\ntry4 ,my own convictions ( duty s fully & entirely correspond+ ) ! injunctions ?us laid ^u me1 x has be5 easy = me to act 9 full con=mity to ! wi%es ( ! great majority ( my con/itu5ts & ( ! /ate1 z ^? wi%es h be5 repeat$ly express$4 ,?is r5d]s any detail$ exposition ( expectations on y\r "p1 or ( assurances on m9e1 unnecess>y4 ,i "k t ! lead+ & mo/ valu$ article 9 y\r cre$ is ! sacr$ness & security ( human fre$om4 ,y "k t ,i embrace ?is same article ( fai? ) my :ole he>t4 ,o!r matt]s may be v important1 b /ill are subord9ate4 ,peculi> =ms ( organization are comp>atively non-ess5tials4 ,!y are b means to ends2 &1 9 reg>d to !m1 a l>ge all[ance is to be made = hone/ diff]5ces ( op9ion4 ,b ! natural "r ( e human be+ to ! lib]ty :i* ,god has giv5 him1 until =feit$ by crime ( 8 own2 ! duty ( our gov]nm5t to save e "p ( ?is e>? ov] :i* x has jurisdiction f ! dire/ ( all e>?ly curses & ! greate/ ( all social crimes1--! curse & ! crime ( slav]y2--^! are among ! fir/ ( ! dread acc\ntabilities t atta* to rational & immortal creatures4 ,i believe x also to be ! duty ( gov]nm5t to provide = ! economical or pecuni>y welf>e ( ! p2 to enc\rage indu/ry by secur+ ! rew>ds ( labor to ! labor]1 & to disc\rage ! competitions into :i* ^? :o rule & control ! impov]i%$1 degrad$1 & almo/ brutifi$ labor]s ( o!r c\ntries1 are /riv+ to ent] ) our own p1--competitions1 :i*1 if n prev5t$1 w1 to a great ext5t1 r$uce our labor]s to ! wret*$ness & privation ( !irs4 ,i believe t ! money1 & ! com=ts pur*asable ) x1 :i* su* competitions take f ! workman "h1 d n g to improve ! condition ( ! workman !re1 b are int]cept$ & appropriat$ by o!rs4 ,i make ?is /atem5t ( my views all ! m readily1 because ,i d n wi% to receive an un9tellig5t vote f any man1 & ,i !re=e abjure all disguises & res]ves4 ,f my pa/ votes & spee*es 9 ,congress my con/itu5ts "k ^u :at pr9ciples & to :at ends ,i h act$4 ,to !m ,i ref]1 & deem x unnecess>y to say m4 ,^? :o h tak5 ! tr\ble to read :at ,i h said on ! floor ( ! ,h\se1 mu/ h se5 t1 ?\gh ,i h endeavor$ to express "s /]n tru?s1 on vital subjects1 9 unambigu\s language1 yet t ,i h nev] utt]$ a ^w design$ to inflict unnecess>y pa9 ^u our political bre?r5 ( ! s\?2 or to w\nd feel+s :i* m5 may errone\sly call honorable4 ,i desire to pursue ! same c\rse at all times & ) all m54 ,! cause ( lib]ty is "o 9 :i* ! true object ( ambition is to make great pr9ciples mo/ cle>1 & n to use h>% expressions respect+ ! conduct or op9ion ( o!rs4 ,x is z necess>y t ! man :om ,i w\ld conv9ce %\ld be 9 a calm /ate ( m9d1 z t ,i %\ld be 9 su* a /ate myself4 ,exasp]ation p>alyzes judgm5t4 ,! great po9ts on :i* m5 & p>ties s vehem5tly diff]1 c only be p]man5tly settl$ at ! tribunal ( reason & consci5ce4 ,sev]al laws 7 pass$ at ! la/ session ( ,congress1 on :i* ,i desir$ & design$ to speak1 9 ! "n & on behalf ( my con/itu5ts4 ,b ,i 0 oblig$ to act ^u !m1 "u ! sil5ce en=c$ by ! previ\s "q4 ,"o ( !m1 9 p>ticul>1 0 s ho/ile to all ! pr9ciples :i* hi/ory & reason _h ev] taught me1 & s w\nd+ to all ! s5tim5ts :i* ,i _h ev] imbib$ f b5evol5ce & religion1 t ,i resolv$ to seize ! fir/ opportunity t %\ld be (f]$ to portray "s ( its features4 ,i ref] to ! ,fugitive ,slave act1 s call$2 & ,i tru/ ?is w n be deem$ an unfitt+ occasion to lay b>e a portion ( its enormities4 ,i w rem>k1 t ,i _h prep>$ an am5dm5t = ! security ( our free color$ seam5 9 s\!rn ports1 b 0 %ut out f all *ance ( (f]+ x4 ,x /ruck me t if new & oppressive measures 7 to be tak5 to c>ry back alleg$ slaves to bondage1 some?+ %\ld also be done to re/ore freem5 to lib]ty4 ,:ile ! s\? 7 seek+ new gu>anties = m5 :o claim to own o!r m51 x 0 a "t = ! nor? to dem& new gu>anties = m5 :o own !mselves4 ,b all debate 0 suppress$2 prop]ty vanqui%$ lib]ty2 & a pure pro-slav]y law 0 enact$1 unadult]at$ by any alloy ( fre$om4 ,9 reg>d to ?is ,fugitive ,slave act1 is x n a/oni%+ t m5 %\ld ev] ask ! "q1 ,does ! con/itution dem& ! trial by jury8 in/ead ( ! "q1 ,w ! con/itution all[ x8 ,! fir/ is ! tyrant's "q1 grant+ no m ?an he is compell$ to give4 ,! la/ is ! republican's "q1 volunte]+ all t he c grant4 ,9 a free gov]nm5t1 :]e ! trial by jury is held to be ! sure/ safegu>d ( p]sonal lib]ty1 ! inquiry ought nev] to be1 :e!r ! con/itution secures or necessitates ?is =m ( trial2 = x is en\gh1 if ! con/itution w p]mit or tol]ate x4 ,in/ead ( seek+ evasions1 & close con/ructions1 & hunt+ among ! mu/y prec$5ts ( d>k] times1 9 ord] to %ut out ! jury trial 9 cases ( p]sonal lib]ty1 ! true lov] ( fre$om w\ld ask only = an int]pretation t w\ld w>rant x4 ,x w\ld n be among 8 la/ ?\ghts2 he w\ld n wait until a /]n necessity =c$ su* a con/ruction ^u him2 b 8 fir/ desire & ef=t w\ld be to f9d "s legitimate reason = conf]r+ x4 ,he w\ld n ask1 9 h[ few cases he mu/1 b 9 h[ _m he might1 admit x4 ,yet ?is matt] has be5 discuss$1 & is /ill discuss$1 on "o side1 z ?\gh we 7 b\nd to avoid ! jury trial if we c\ld2 n z ?\gh we 7 b\nd to grant x1 if by fair int]pretation we might4 ,x has be5 discuss$ z ?\gh ! jury trial1 to protect a man's "r to himself1 7 an evil2 & z ?\gh ! sudd5 seizure1 8summ>y0 adjudication1 & spe$y consignm5t ( a fell[-be+ to bondage1 7 too preci\s a bless+ to be put 9 jeop>dy1 by submission to twelve good & lawful m54 ,n h[ mu* may we d = fre$om1 b h[ mu* c we d = slav]y1 has be5 ! tacit assumption ( ! argum5t4 ,b ,i pass by ?is = grav] objections4 ,! ,fugitive ,slave act purports to conf] judicial p[] ^u p]sons :o are n judges4 ,x provides = ! creation ( scores & hundr$s ( (fic]s call$ 8commission]s10 & ^u ^!1 x is said on high au?ority1 to conf] orig9al & f9al jurisdiction on que/ions ( human lib]ty4 ,! con/itution decl>es 9 :om 8! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be ve/$40 ,x %all be ve/$ 9 8"o supreme c\rt1 & 9 su* inf]ior c\rts z ,congress may f "t to "t e/abli%40 ,no commission]1 nor any numb] ( commission]s1 con/itute "o ( ^! c\rts4 8,! judges1 bo? ( ! supreme & inf]ior c\rts1 %all hold _! (fices dur+ good behavior40 ,a commission] c be made & unmade on any day4 ,^! judges are to 8receive = _! s]vices a comp5sation1 :i* %all n be dim9i%$ dur+ _! cont9uance 9 (fice40 ,! commission]s are comp5sat$ by *ance fees1 & n by a fix$ sal>y4 ,! ,presid5t nom9ates & ! ,s5ate confirms judges ( ! supreme & inf]ior c\rts4 ,commission]s are only ! 8inf]ior (fic]s0 :o may be appo9t$ by 8! c\rts ( law40 ,i ne$ n en=ce ! position1 t ! p[] :i* ?is act purports to conf] ^u commission]s is judicial4 ,x has all ! attributes ( judicial p[]4 ,x is orig9al1 f9al1 & exclusive4 ,!y are 8to he> & det]m9e40 ,! f\r? section says !y 8%all h concurr5t jurisdiction ) ! judges ( ! circuit & di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,! attorney-g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 a writt5 op9ion1 giv5 by comm& ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says z foll[s3 8,^! (fic]s1 ! commission]s1 & ea* ( !m1 h judicial p[]1 & jurisdiction to he>1 exam9e1 & decide ! case40 8,! c]tificate to be grant$ to ! own] is to be reg>d$ z ! act & judgm5t ( a judicial tribunal hav+ compet5t jurisdiction40 8,congress has con/itut$ a tribunal ) exclusive jurisdiction to det]m9e summ>ily1 & )\t appeal1 :o are fugitives f s]vice40 8,! judgm5t ( ! tribunal creat$ by ?is act is conclusive ^u all tribunals40 ,! p[] ( a commission]1 !re=e1 is judicial 9 ! highe/ s5se1--9 ! s5se ( ! con/itution4 ,8 decision _c be rehe>d or rexam9$ by any judge1 or by any c\rt1 ( any /ate1 or ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 no o!r case c a commission] p]=m any judicial act1 or issue any executive ord]1 ^: validity may n be rexam9$ 9 ! c\rt = :i* he acts1 or 9 "s o!r4 ,he _c /rike a bl[1 nor f9e a doll>1 nor puni% by imprisonm5t = an h\r4 ,by appeal1 by injunction1 by m&amus or c]tior>i1 ! proce$+s ( inf]ior c\rts or magi/rates c be rea*$1 & _! legality or con/itutionality te/$4 ,b "h a multitude ( tribunals are e/abli%$1 ov] ^: proce$+s1 n ! supreme c\rt ( any /ate1 no1 n ev5 ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has sup]vision4 ,& :at d ^! commission]s decide8 ,t a man has no "r to himself2 t 8 body1 limbs1 faculties1 are ! prop]ty ( ano!r2 t he owes s]vice4 ,suppose ! "q 71 :e!r ! respond5t ow$ ! claimant a doll>4 ,c\ld ! commission] give judgm5t & issue execution = x8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,b yet he is "h au?oriz$ to decide que/ions inf9itely m important ?an any am\nt ( money4 ,he is to decide t a man owes life-long s]vice f himself1 & f all ! *ildr5 ( 8 lo9s4 ,b ! surr5d] ( an alleg$ fugitive f s]vice has be5 comp>$ ) ! surr5d] ( a fugitive f ju/ice2 & because ! supreme executive ( a /ate is requir$ by ! law ( #agic to surr5d] fugitives f ju/ice1 x is claim$ t any commission] may surr5d] fugitives f s]vice1 )\t liability to "q or rexam9ation by any human au?ority4 ,b !re is a _w-wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! cases4 ,:5 ! fugitive f ju/ice is deliv]$ up1 he is deliv]$ into ! cu/ody ( ! law4 ,legal process mu/ h be5 comm5c$ aga9/ him 9 ! /ate f :i* he fl$4 ,he is return$1 t ! proce$+s ?us comm5c$ may be consummat$4 ,he is nev] intru/$ to private h&s4 ,! %ield ( ! law is cont9u$ ov] him4 ,aft] arre/1 he is m]ely transf]r$ f ! h&s ( ! law 9 "o /ate to ! h&s ( ! law 9 ano!r /ate4 ,he is transf]r$1 n to evade trial1 b to h "o4 ,b ! alleg$ slave is deliv]$ up1 n into ! cu/ody ( ! law1 :]e 8 rights might be adjudicat$ ^u1 b into private h&s2 n into ! h&s ( a neutral or indiff]5t p]son1 b into ! h&s ( a p>ty int]e/$ to deprive him ( all 8 rights2--if he be n a slave1 !n into ! h&s ( a man-/eal]4 ,mr4 ,clay saw ?is1 & 8 plan provid$ t ! alleg$ fugitive %\ld be s5t home to be tri$4 ,b ! s\? grew bold] & bold]1 until a law 0 pass$1 by :i* "o class ( m5 h less security = _! fre$om ?an ano!r class h = _! cattle4 ,x is nugatory to say1 t :5 an alleg$ fugitive has rea*$ 8 claimant's domicile1 he may !re petition = fre$om4 ,%\ld he d s1 x w\ld be an indep5d5t & orig9al proce$+1 in/itut$ "u ano!r gov]nm5t4 ,n only w\ld ! jurisdiction be diff]5t1 b ! "* ( ! litigants w\ld be *ang$1--pla9tiff = def5dant1 & def5dant = pla9tiff4 ,! old case is n to be rehe>d1 b a new "o tri$4 ,inde$1 a v intellig5t writ] on ?is subject has qu]i$ :e!r ! c]tificate ( ! commission] may n be plead$ z an e/oppel4 ,i say1 !n1 t1 9 effect1 ! commission]1 by ?is act1 has orig9al1 f9al1 & exclusive jurisdiction ( a 8case0 89 law10 8aris+ "u ! con/itution & laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,?is is ! v function ( judges & c\rts4 ,?is is ! id5tical p[] :i* ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ve/s 9 judges :o are to be nom9at$ by ! ,presid5t1 confirm$ by ! ,s5ate1 to hold (fice dur+ good behavior1 & to be comp5sat$ by fix$ sal>ies4 ,aga91 ! act consigns a man to bondage1 )\t crime1 on evid5ce :i* he has _h no opportunity to controv]t4 ,! claimant mu/ prove ?ree facts be=e ! commission]1--#a/1 ,t ! p]son nam$ 9 ! w>rant owes ! claimant s]vice2 #b;d1 ,t he has escap$2 #c;d1 ,id5tity4 ,n[1 accord+ to ! act1 ! fir/ two po9ts1--! facts ( ow+ s]vice & ( escap+1--may be prov$ beh9d ! respond5t's back4 ,?is pro( may be procur$ aga9/ ! alleg$ fugitive )\t any notice to him1 actual or con/ructive2 )\t ! possibility ( 8 enc\nt]+ x1 or disprov+ x1 h[ev] false x may be4 ,if ?is be n depriv+ a p]son ( 8 8lib]ty0 8)\t due process ( law10 :at c be8 ,:y n make ! :ole case provable beh9d ! man's back1--9 ano!r /ate1--a ?\s& miles (f1--& spurn ! =ms ( ju/ice1 aft] hav+ spurn$ its sub/ance8 ,?is b9d+ ( a man by evid5ce obta9$ )\t 8 k1 is unkn[n to ! common law1 & abhorr5t to x4 ,x is nev] p]mitt$1 n ev5 to deprive ! wor/ man ( ! humble/ "r4 ,our laws save ! rights ( all p>ties "u disability4 ,:o is "u s great a disability z he :o kn[s no?+1 & c "k no?+1 ( :at is go+ on aga9/ him8 ,not)/&+ ! con/itution decl>es t 8full fai? & cr$it %all be giv5 9 ea* /ate to ! public acts1 records1 & judicial proce$+s ( e o!r /ate10 yet x has be5 held t a judgm5t obta9$ 9 ano!r /ate1 )\t notice1 %all n prejudice ! p>ty aga9/ :om x 0 r5d]$4 ,su* an act violates ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ju/ice4 ,all securities = ! life1 lib]ty & prop]ty ( u all1 are swept away if su* pr9ciples c be e/abli%$4 ,once m3 ,! act says ! c]tificate 8%all be conclusive ( ! "r ( ! p]son or p]sons 9 ^: favor grant$1 to remove su* fugitive to ! /ate or t]ritory f :i* he escap$1 & %all prev5t all mole/ation ( su* p]son or p]sons1 by any process issu$ by any c\rt1 judge1 magi/rate1 or any o!r p]son :omsoev]40 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! c]tificate is a talisman :i* protects its hold] aga9/ all law1 all evid5ce1 & all judicial p[]4 ,a kidnapp] may seize a free man 9 ,bo/on1 buy evid5ce t he owes ?is my/]i\s debt ( s]vice1 obta9 ! requisite c]tificate aga9/ 8 victim1 & !n nei!r ! "m :o bore him1 nor ! eld] bro!rs & si/]s :o grew up ) him1 nor ! neighbors :o h kn[n him f 8 cradle1 nor ! m9i/] :o baptiz$ him1 c te/ify t he is free2 nor c all ! judges & c\rts 9 ! commonweal? /op ! man :o is be>+ away "o ( _! fell[-citiz5s to a bondage worse ?an dea?1 to inquire into 8 title4 ,he is 9 a *>m$ circle t nei!r law nor ju/ice c ent]4 ,d y ask :]e is t old1 "t-honor$ writ ( habeas corpus1 = :i* m>tyrs h di$ & riv]s ( blood h fl[$1 & :i* ! con/itution decl>es ,,%all ,,n be susp5d$ 8unless :5 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion1 ! public safety may require x08 ,! answ] is1 t ! writ ( habeas corpus is no?+ b a 8process issu$0 by a c\rt1 & ! act decl>es t ! hold] ( ! c]tificate %all be exempt f all 8mole/ation10 8by any process issu$ by any c\rt40 ,9 "o ^w1 ! law conta9s a provision t its own con/itutionality %all n be br\ght into "q2 at lea/1 until its victim rea*es ! place ( 8 bondage1 & is beyond ! rea* ( rescu+ h&s4 ,n[1 ev5 if ?is act does n commit su* gross infractions ( ! con/itution t ! c\rts w set x aside1 yet x w\ld seem z ?\gh no sane man c\ld help see+ t x w>s ^u all our ideas ( ju/ice2 t x repudiates & scorns all ! great securities = fre$om :i* wise & good m51 = c5turies pa/1 h giv5 _! labors1 & _! lives1 to e/abli%2 & t x conv]ts ! va/ ma*9]y ( ! social /ate1 n into ! means ( protect+1 b ( assail+1 ! lib]ties ( ! citiz54 ,z to ! appo9tm5t ( commission]s1 x gives u none ( ! con/itutional securities t improp] m5 w n be inve/$ ) ^! high pr]ogatives aga9/ our de>e/ rights2 & z to ! mann] 9 :i* evid5ce may be procur$1 x resembles ! missives :i* ! inquisition1 9 old5 times1 s5t =? aga9/ h]etics1 to seize )\t law1 to try )\t def5ce1 & to puni% )\t m]cy or hope4 ,x resembles ! lettres de ca*et1 :i*1 be=e ! great revolution1 ! despots ( ,france gave1 9 blank1 to villa9 c\rti]s1 & villa9 c\rtesans1 to be fill$ up ) ! names ( ^? p]sons ^: p]dition !y w\ld compass4 ,!re are o!r po9ts 9 ?is bill ^: enormity only ne$s to be /at$ to be se5 & abhorr$4 ,"o ( !m is s unspeakably mean & contemptible1 t all nor!rn m5 mu/ feel ! insult m ke5ly ?an ! wrong4 ,x provides t if a commission] w doom a man to bondage1 8 fee %all be twice z mu* z ?\gh he re/ores him to lib]ty4 ,n[1 e body kn[s t claimants w r>ely1 if ev]1 appe> be=e commission]s )\t a prima facie case4 ,if !re be no def5ce1 ! proce$+s w be brief4 ,b a case ( dis*>ge presupposes a def5ce & a trial4 ,a case ( dis*>ge1 !re=e1 w probably occupy z mu* "t z half a doz5 cases ( surr5d]4 ,yet = ?is great] labor1 ! commission] is to h b half price4 ,9 assail+ all we love ( lib]ty1 c\ld n ! fram]s & support]s ( ?is measure h =borne to w\nd u 9 all we feel ( honor6 ,! cases are to be 8he>d & det]m9$10 z !y 7 "u ,robespi]re1 89 a summ>y mann]40 ,%akspe>e5um]ates ! 8law's delay0 among ! causes ( suicide4 ,"u ?is act1 real suicides w d\btless be occasion$ by ! law's despat*4#ae ,?is 8summ>y mann]0 conta9s ! sum ( wrong4 ,does n e lawy] & e cli5t "k t :5 an action is br\ght = ! unfai?ful execution ( a contract1 9 build+ a h\se or a %ip1 or = ! balance ( an acc\nt1 or = fl[+ l&s1 or = defamation or libel1 ! def5dant ne$s weeks & (t5 mon?s to make ready = 8 def5ce4 ,8 witnesses may be 9 ano!r /ate1 or abroad2 x may be necess>y to exam9e anci5t titles 9 regi/ries ( de$s or ( wills1 to make surveys ( premises1 or inve/igations into "* & conduct4 ,x (t5 happ5s t :5 process is fir/ s]v$ ^u a man1 he does n "k ! gr\nds ( 8 own def5ce4 ,!y may consi/ ( facts :i* he has =gott51 or ( law ( :i* he is ignorant4 ,our c\rts1 act+ ^u ?is well-kn[n tru?1 h e/abli%$ a rule t a p>ty1 ev5 aft] he has _h f\rte5 days' notice1 %all be entitl$ to a cont9uance z a matt] ( "r1 unless "u special circum/ances2 & he may always h x on cause %[n4 ,i ask any def5dant :o 0 ev] =c$ into c\rt to resi/ a claim ( any magnitude or difficulty1 :e!r he 0 ready to d s1 on ! in/ant :5 process 0 s]v$ ^u him8 ,yet ?is is :at ! respond5t mu/ d "u ! ,fugitive ,slave act4 ,on ! #bf? day ( la/ ,septemb]1 ,james ,hamlet 0 peacefully pursu+ a lawful occupation 9 ,wat] ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 & e>n+ an hone/ support = 8 wife & *ildr54 ,9 ?ree h\rs1 h&-cuff$1 9 irons1 & surr\nd$ by arm$ m51 he 0 on 8 way to ! h\se ( bondage4 ,no "t 0 giv5 him = procur+ ! aid ( c\nsel4 ,he decl>$ he 0 free1 t 8 "m 0 a free woman1 & he a free man4 ,b by ano!r provision 9 ! act1 x is decl>$ t 89 no trial or he>+ "u ?is act1 %all ! te/imony ( su* alleg$ fugitive be admitt$ 9 evid5ce40 ,9 all o!r cases1 )9 ! broad compass ( ! common or /atute law ( ,great ,brita9 or ( ?is c\ntry1 a p>ty litigant may give evid5ce p]ta9+ to ! suit4 ,9 "s cases1 he may give evid5ce on ! m]its2 9 all cases1 he may make affidavit on int]locutory matt]s4 ,a man :o has be5 9 ! /ate prison1 a felon sc>r$ ) crime1 may /ill make affidavit1 9 8 own case1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ?\gh he c te/ify nei!r = nor aga9/ any o!r p]son4 ,b an alleg$ fugitive c make oa? to no fact1 & "u no circum/ances1 = delay or o!r cause4 ,x w\ld conflict ) t 8summ>y mann]0 9 :i* x is deem$ exp$i5t to dispose ( human lib]ty4 ,look at ?is provision "u ! light ( a few facts4 ,9 ! case ( ,mahoney vs4 ,a%ton1 7#d ,h>ris ,mc,henry's ,m>yl& ,reports17 ! petition] = fre$om claim$ t a mat]nal ance/or1 f\r g5]ations back1 :o _h be5 br\ght ov] by ,"l ,baltimore1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! colony1 0 free2 &1 by an extraord9>y *a9 ( evid5ce1 he trac$ 8 desc5t f t free s\rce4 ,x 0 a claim :i* any c\rt 9 ,massa*usetts w\ld h su/a9$ )\t hesitation4 ,n[ h[ mu* evid5ce ( hi/ory1 ( record1 ( p>ol1 does ! b>e m5tion ( su* a case sugge/8 ,:o c\ld h be5 prep>$ to try x 9 ?ree h\rs2 ay1 z soon z he c\ld be seiz$ & hurri$ to a lawy]'s (fice8 ,among ! alleg$ fugitives 9 ! 8,pe>l cases10 s call$1 :i* ,i assi/$ 9 try+ 9 ,wa%+ton1 9 ! ye>s #ahdh & '#di1 0 ! family ( ,daniel ,bell1 consi/+ ( 8 wife & eight or t5 *ildr54 ,! "m & *ildr5 _h be5 fre$ _m ye>s be=e by de$ ( manumission1 execut$ by _! ma/] 9 8 la/ sickness1 & !y _h be5 reput$ free ev] aft]w>ds4 ,soon aft] ! grantor's dea?1 ! device 0 />t$ ( prov+ him to be ( 8uns\nd m9d10 & ?us reclaim+ ! family to bondage4 ,b ! magi/rate :o prep>$ ! de$1 witness$ its execution1 & took ! ackn[l$gm5t1 decl>$ t he /ood ready to te/ify to ! compet5cy ( ! grantor1 & ! validity ( ! in/rum5t4 ,ye>s pass$ away & he di$4 ,imm$iately ! heirs claim$ ! family z slaves2 &1 aft] ! loss ( ! deceas$ magi/rate's te/imony1 prov$ ! grantor ( 8uns\nd m9d10 & s set aside ! de$ & 7 adjudg$ own]s ( ! *attels4 ,on ! gr\nd ( newly-discov]$ evid5ce1 application = a new trial 0 made2 b ! family becom+ al>m$ le/ !y %\ld be secretly seiz$ & s5t to ! s\?1 attempt$ to make _! escape on bo>d ! 8,pe>l10 on ! night ( ! #ae? ( ,april4 ,n[1 suppose t !y _h succe$$1 & t1 aft] arriv+ 9 a free /ate1 !y _h be5 seiz$ & c>ri$ be=e a commission]1 to be tri$ 9 ?is 8summ>y mann]10 )\t ev5 wait+ = a cri] to op5 ! c\rt1 & deb>r$ f mak+ affidavit t1 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 !re exi/$ evid5ce ( _! fre$om4 ,i w n wa/e words to po9t out ! impossibility ( _! def5ce1 & ! c]ta9ty ( _! doom6 ,he t ha? e>s to he> ! cry ( ! oppress$1 let him he>6 ,a few days be=e ! close ( ! la/ session ( ,congress1 ,i 0 inquir$ ( by a resid5t 9 ,wa%+ton1 z to ! condition ( a family held z slaves 9 t city4 ,i f\nd !y 7 free by ! laws ( ! ,di/rict1 b !y did n "k x4 ,sir1 ?r\gh\t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 !re are ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( reput$ slaves1 :o1 legally1 & by ! laws ( ^? /ates1 too1 9 :i* !y are held1 are z free z ! gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 or ! *ief ju/ice2 b1 9 _! en=c$ & bruti% ignorance1 ! victims d n "k x2 & %\ld !y come to a free /ate1 & be !re hunt$1 & seiz$1 & c>ri$ be=e a commission]1 !y w\ld be deb>r$ f tak+ an oa? z to facts :i* w\ld furni% gr\nds = a cont9uance s t _! "r to fre$om might be e/abli%$4 ,b1 "u su* ob/ructions & emb>rassm5ts1 lib]ty c\ld n be ext+ui%$ 9 a suffici5tly 8summ>y mann]40 ,accord+ to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 all crim9als1 f ! lea/ to ! greate/1 are to be in=m$ ( ! nature & cause ( _! accusation2 to be confront$ ) ! witnesses aga9/ !m2 to h compulsory process = obta9+ witnesses 9 _! favor2 & to h ! assi/ance ( c\nsel 9 _! def5ce4 ,yet "h1 always 9 ! case ( an innoc5t man1 (t5times 9 ! case ( a free man1 !re is to be no previ\s notice1 no process = obta9+ witnesses1 & no provision = c\nsel2 & :ile ! c\rt is =bidd5 to all[ delay1 )\t good cause %[n1 ! p>ty ^: lib]ty is at /ake _c make out t cause by 8 oa?2 b1 ) ! full k 9 8 own brea/ t he is free1 he mu/ /& dumb be=e ! m9i/] ( ! law t puts on 8 fett]s4 ,i w n dwell at any l5g? ^u ^? portions ( ! act :i* affect m>%als & deputy m>%als4 ,if any man *ooses n to hold (fice "u su* a law1 he c decl9e to accept x1 or resign x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle> pro( ( wick$ legislation1 :5 humane & consci5ti\s m5 _c hold ! (fices x creates4 ,b ! fif? section conta9s a provision :i* is atroci\s4 ,x makes ! m>%al or 8 deputy liable = an escape1 :e!r made 8) or )\t 8 ass5t10--t is1 at all ev5ts4 ,?\gh ! alleg$ fugitive %\ld disable him1 ?\gh ! enemies ( ! c\ntry %\ld capture him1 ?\gh ! act ( ,god %\ld /rike him d[n1 ?\gh an arm$ mob %\ld commit a rescue1--yet he is /ill liable4 ,all civiliz$ gov]nm5ts h /atutes ( limitations4 ,human welf>e requires t claims :i* h long be5 volunt>ily acquiesc$ 91 %\ld n be reviv$4 ,h5ce our laws b> a "r ( action1 o!rwise incontrov]tible1 aft] t tacit ab&onm5t ( :i* ! m]e lapse ( "t is pro(4 ,p]sonal rights are mo/ g5]ally ab&on$ by a six ye>s' neglect to en=ce !m4 ,ev5 real e/ate may be held1 by tw5ty ye>s' quiet possession1 )\t o!r title4 ,crimes p>take ( ?is exemption4 ,) ! s+le exception ( murd]1 all crimes are b>r$ 9 ,massa*usetts by a six ye>s' delay to prosecute4 ,b ! ,fugitive ,slave act kn[s no m]cy or compassion ( ?is k9d4 ,unrel5t+ly x fa/5s its clut* ^u all cases4 ,:ile life la/s1 its fangs /rike into ! fle%4 ,! alleg$ slave may h be5 among/ u = fifty ye>s2 he may h e>n$ prop]ty1 be m>ri$1 & surr\nd$ by *ildr54 ,x is all ! same4 ,! inexorable c]tificate ( a commission] rem&s him to bondage & despair4 ,! act n only rem&s him to bondage1 b1 "u circum/ances to :i* !re w be few exceptions1 x ord]s t he be s5t home at ! public exp5se4 ,! con/itution says1 he %all be 8deliv]$ up40 ,!re ! obligation ( t in/rum5t ceases4 ,x is only ! law t adds1 he %all be c>ri$ back4 ,y & ,i1 sir1 mu/ help pay ! co/s ( s5d+ a fell[-be+ into bondage2 :5 we are "u no m con/itutional obligation to d s1 ?an to pay ! exp5ses ( a slave deal] :o %ips 8 c>goes direct f ,africa4 ,b ! bill has become a law1 & ! practical "q n[ is1 h[ c ! c\ntry be exculpat$ f ! crime1 & ! di%onor4 ,= myself1 ,i d n adopt ! doctr9e ( =cible nullification4 ,i tru/ ,i %all nev] jo9 a mob to resi/ a law1 until ,i am ready = revolution4 ,! only true & endur+ rem$y is repeal4 ,^? :o w\ld =cibly resi/ ! law1 lose half _! motive & impulse = repeal2 = if we aboli% x )\t repeal+ x1 x w be likely to rema9 ^u ! /atute book an et]nal monum5t ( ! nation's disgrace4 ,let ef=t nev] cease1 until ! jury trial be obta9$4 ,b ?is view ( civil duty applies only to ! citiz54 ,x does n t\* ! fugitive4 ,"o lib]ty ! slave always has1--:5ev] he deems x exp$i5t1 he may re-clo! himself 9 ! rights :i* ,god & nature gave him1 & :i*1 ?\gh !y may be ravi%$ f him1 c nev] be de/roy$4 ,until repeal1 h[ev]1 !re is "o op5+ = hope4 ,if1 z is said by ,mr4 ,critt5d51 9 ! op9ion already cit$1 8,congress has con/itut$ a tribunal ) exclusive jurisdiction1 to det]m9e summ>ily1 & )\t appeal20 & if1 z he fur!r says1 8! judgm5t ( e tribunal ( exclusive jurisdiction1 :]e no appeal lies1 is ( necessity conclusive ^u e o!r tribunal1 ,,& ,,!re=e ,,! ,,judgm5t ,,( ,,! ,,tribunal ,,creat$ ,,by ,,?is ,,act ,,is ,,conclusive ,,^u ,,all ,,tribunals20 !n ! :ole case 9 all its be>+s & relations1 its s\rces & its issues1 comes be=e ! commission]2 n ev5 ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c int]f]e ) him2 & ! fir/ "q = him to 8he> & det]m9e0 is1 :e!r 9 tru? !re be any su* law1 :e!r ! :ole disgraceful enactm5t be n uncon/itutional & void2 &1 !re=e1 :e!r 8 fir/ & only duty be n to dismiss ! proce$+s1 & to 8let ! captive g free40 ,i am n )\t hope t su* w be ! result2 & ?us1 t _m consci5ti\s & law-abid+ m5 w be reliev$ f ! moral anxiety & conflict :i* n[ oppresses _! m9ds4 ,v truly1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,horace ,,mann4 ,,footnotes3 #ae ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ,i see t a man 9 ,new ,j]sey 0 s ov]come ) fright at ! rumor t slave-cat*]s 7 9 t[n1 t p>alysis & dea? spe$ily ensu$4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,d$ham1 ,,novemb] #f1 #ahej1 ,,by ,,special ,,reque/ ,,( ,a ,,conv5tion ,,( ,,:ig ,,vot]s ,,( ,,! ,,eigh? ,,congressional ,,di/rict4 ,,g5tlem5 ,,& ,,fell[-,,citiz5s2 ,hav+ be5 specially invit$ to appe> be=e ?is meet+1 & address x1 my fri5d ,mr4 ,russell has introduc$ me to y ) _m k9d words2 & he has emphatically ann\nc$ me z 8y\r old fri5d40 ,by s do+1 g5tlem51 he has t\*$ a liv+ *ord 9 my he>t2 =1 z ,i look ar\nd me1 ,i see _m famili> & de> faces1 & am rem9d$ t1 9 ?is t[n1 ,i sp5t "s ( ! happie/ ye>s ( my life4 ,! sight ( e object ar\nd me awak5s remembrances ( home4 ,"r opposite to u is ! c\rt h\se1 9 ^: =um my feeble voice 0 fir/ rais$1 & :]e1 ,i ?ank ,god1 x 0 nev] rais$ 9 behalf ( ! oppressor1 nor on ! side ( any cause :i* ,i believ$ to be wrong4 ,ar\nd ?is *ur* 9 :i* we are assembl$ are ! /reets :]e ,i us$ to walk1 !re is ! pew :]e ,i us$ to sit1 & all ar\nd me are p]sons :om1 = ye>s1 ,i saw daily & knew intimately1 & knew !m only to respect4 ,i feel assur$ t ,i d meet 8old fri5ds10--true m51 :o c>ry _! he>ts 9 _! h&s1 & ^: lives are an*or$ to _! convictions ( duty4 ,g5tlem51 x is n )\t emb>rassm5t t ,i address y4 ,yet ,i might plead a high example = my c\rse1 if ,i 7 wor?y1 9 any respect1 to m5tion myself 9 connection ) my v5]at$ pr$ecessor1 :o has made ! pa/ hi/ory ( 8 c\ntry s lum9\s ) 8 wisdom & purity1 & ! "n ( ?is di/rict :i* he repres5t$ s honor$ & memorable4 ,w\ld to ,god ,i c\ld c>ry y to "s ,pisgah height1 & %[ y1 "u "o view1 ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future1 z he 0 wont to d1 :51 z 0 8 cu/om1 he us$ to address y on ^? great topics :i* employ$ 8 en]gies1--on ! pr9ciples by :i* y ought to be guid$1 & on ! dang]s to :i* y 7 expos$4 ,we h fall51 g5tleman1 on mom5t\s times4 ,great ev5ts h occurr$1 9 rapid succession1 bo? 9 ?is & 9 ! o!r hemisph]e4 ,!re seems to h be5 a gr& upheav+ ( ! elem5ts ( society f its deep f\ndations4 ,we h be5 s (t5 a/oni%$ & amaz$1 by %ock aft] %ock1 & convulsion aft] convulsion1 t ,i fe> we are beg9n+ to lose our moral s5sibility to political cata/rophes1 h[ev] gr& or fatal !y may be4 ,y "k !re is a spot ne> ! ,mississippi ,riv] fam\s = ! frequ5cy ( its e>?quakes4 ,a g5tleman :o visit$ !re "s ye>s ago1 told me t soon aft] ent]+ a hotel1 at a place call$ ,new ,madrid1 8 att5tion 0 sudd5ly arre/$ by ! rattl+ ( ! crock]y1 ! j>r+ ( ! h\sehold furniture1 & ! %ak+ ( ! *air 9 :i* he sat4 ,/>t+ up 9 trepidation1 he sprang = ! door4 8,o10 said 8 l&lord1 8don't be al>m$4 ,x is no?+ b an e>?quake40 ,^! ph5om5a1 x seems1 _h become s common z to h lo/ _! p[] ( excit+ al>m4 ,s1 ,i fe>1 x is 9 reg>d to ! late commotions 9 ,europe2 & especially 9 reg>d to "s ( ! m>vell\s do+s ( ,congress 9 our own c\ntry4 ,f _! a/\nd+ "*1 & _! rapid succession1 ,i fe> we are becom+ ins5sible to _! importance1 l ! inhabitants :o dwell at ! base ( ,m\nt ,etna1 :om nei!r ! rumbl+ ( ! m\nta91 nor ! lava riv]s :i* p\r d[n its side1 c awake f _! /upor1 until1 l ,pompeii or ,h]culaneum1 !y are buri$ 9 ! ru9s4 ,9 ! old _w1 ?+s seem already to be settl+ back into _! =m] condition1 & hopes are d>k5+ into fe>s4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i /ill tru/ t we %all r$eem some?+ ( ! pa/1 & secure ! future4 ,yet ! ev5ts ( ! la/ few mon?s are ( a di%e>t5+ "*1 if any ?+ c\ld ev] di%e>t5 a true lov] ( 8 c\ntry4 ,x has be5 my =tune & duty to be 9 ! mid/ ( ^! ev5ts4 ,i h wat*$ ! tide ( battle ) sleepless eye2 & :5 ,lib]ty at la/ 0 /rick5 d[n1 my he>t bl$ ) h]s4 ,i believe ,i und]/&1 g5tlem51 :at y wi% me to d on ?is occasion2 & !re=e ,i %all endeavor to lay be=e y1 briefly b imp>tially1 ! humble "p :i* ,i1 z y\r repres5tative1 h tak5 9 ^? ev5ts :i* h fill$ ! he>ts ( good m5 ) al>m4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 premise a few words1 9 ord] to %[ h[ we h come1 /ep by /ep1 to ! fe>ful position we n[ occupy4 ,v e>ly 9 our hi/ory1 z a republic e/abli%$ to ma9ta9 ! rights ( man1 an ext5t ( t]ritory 0 acquir$ equal to all we possess$ be=e2 & ?is addition accru$ to ! special advantage ( ^? :o ma9ta91 z ! fir/ great article 9 _! cre$1 ! wrongs ( man4 ,! same ,european w>s :i* enabl$ ,mr4 ,jeff]son's adm9i/ration to pur*ase ,l\isiana ) fifte5 millions ( doll>s1--a sum mo/ly paid by ! nor?1--br\ght ! comm]cial int]e/s ( ! nor? also )9 ! de/ructive sweep ( ^? conte/s1 & ! non-int]c\rse act & ! emb>go 7 ! consequ5ce4 ,^! came ^u ,new ,engl& at a "t :5 comm]ce 0 h] only res\rce4 ,!y br\ght z great a calamity ^u ! ,new ,engl& /ates z x w\ld n[ be to ! s\? if _! :ole cotton crop1 or to ! we/ if _! :ole gra9 crop1 7 to fail = a s]ies ( ye>s4 ,!y palsi$ our indu/ry2 &1 )\t indu/ry1 m51 any :]e out ( ,p>adise1 w be poor4 ,^u ! back ( ?is calamity came ! w> ( #ahab1 :i* we bore z well z we c\ld1 & p]=m$ our full %>e 9 c>ry+ ! c\ntry ?r\gh x1 ?\gh x cut (f our v means ( liv+4 ,t w> reveal$ a lam5table condition ( ?+s4 ,x reveal$ ! fact t1 not)/&+ our political indep5d5ce1 we 71 9 a comm]cial s5se1 mo/ deplorably dep5d5t4 ,x po9t$ to a new policy4 ,x put ! c\ntry ^u a*iev+ its second indep5d5ce1--its indep5d5ce1 at lea/ = ! necess>ies ( life1 ( =eign me*anics1 manufactur]s1 & artisans1 z x _h already a*iev$ its political indep5d5ce ( =eign k+s1 ari/ocracies1 & ecclesia/ics4 ,x gave bir? to ! ,am]ican sy/em1 9 :i* ,calh\n1 ,l[ndes1 ,*eves1 & ,clay1--all f ! slave /ates1--took ! lead4 ,i m5tion ! fir/ ?ree names1 p>ticul>ly1 because !y 7 f ! /ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,s he>tily did !y ent] into ! new policy t !y took _! seats 9 ,congress clad 9 homespun4 ,!y said !y w\ld exemplify _! pr9ciples by _! g>m5ts1 & we> !m outside z well z inside ( _! bodies4 ,i am sorry _! pr9ciples la/$ b little long] ?an _! clo!s1--"o suit worn out1 & all1 bo? )\t & )91 clean gone4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,madison boa/$ t 8 coat 0 wov5 9 an ,am]ican loom4 ,! s\? l$ (f 9 ?is policy1 & ,new ,engl&1 ^: capital _h be5 wreck$ on ! ocean1 0 reluctantly compell$ to foll[ _! lead4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( ! protective t>iff1 ! *ild ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ?\gh1 at a lat] p]iod1 adopt$ by ,massa*usetts4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until #ahbd1 t ,new ,engl&1 & ,massa*usetts p>ticul>ly1 gave 9 h] adhesion to ! protective policy4 ,!n our p engag$ 9 manufactures4 ,! /reams 7 damm$1 & ! mighty p[]s ( nature 7 set to sp9n+ & weav+1 to dye+ & pr9t+1 "u ! guidance ( t g5ius :i* _h be5 k9dl$ & nurtur$ 9 our s*oolh\ses4 ,^? e/abli%m5ts 7 f\nd$ :i* h produc$ s m>vell\s a *ange 9 our h\sehold condition1 surr\nd+ all ) s _m com=ts1 & fill+ our dwell+s ) s va/ a v>iety ( ! ref9em5ts & luxuries ( life4 ,^? ( y :o h arriv$ at my age1 & are !re=e acqua9t$ ) ! condition ( ?+s ?r\gh\t our c\ntry t[ns ?irty ye>s ago1 "k t ! *ange is almo/ magical4 ,?\gh oppos$ 9 its inception by ! cities & ! m]*ants1 yet x has promot$ _! prosp]ity n less ?an t ( ! p4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbj1 a national "q ( a great moral "* arose4 ,! s\?1 ^: policy _h be=e secur$ a t]ritory z l>ge z t ( ! orig9al ?irte51 s\ght to ext5d slav]y ov] its :ole surface4 ,miss\ri appli$ to be admitt$ into ! ,union z a slave /ate4 ,! morality & religion ( ! nor? ?\ght ! "t _h come to arre/ ! /rides ( slav]y1 & !y oppos$ ! application4 ,e>ne/ resi/ance 0 made4 ,! battle 0 ob/9ately f\ght2 b at la/1 ! nor?1 or r en\gh recreants ( ! nor? yield$1 & ! day 0 lo/4 ,! s\? b\ght or bulli$ a suffici5t numb] ( ! inv]tebrate creatures :om we s5d to ,congress1 & triumph$ ov] u4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ great surr5d] ( pr9ciple on ! "p ( ! nor?1 & a fatal surr5d] x 04 ,we1 & humanity1 & all t is de>e/ to ! he>t & ?\ghts ( man1 might h a*iev$ ! victory b = a few cases ( f\l trea*]y to ! cause ( fre$om4 ,o1 t ! retributions = t treason _h be5 s t]rible1 t ! c[>d motive ( fe>1 if n ! angel impulse ( humanity1 might h det]r$ all m5 9 aft] times f ev] d>+ to repeat x4 ,! next great /ruggle 0 9 #ahcc1 :5 nullification fir/ re>$ its hide\s head4 ,at t epo*1 ! s\?1 & especially ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 obs]v+ t our capital _h be5 too deeply inve/$ 9 manufactures to be )drawn1 *ang$ _! policy1 & s\ght to reap a d\ble h>ve/1--bo? ( ! manufactur+ sy/em !y _h introduc$1 & ( ! free trade sy/em !y _h ab&on$4 ,%e !re=e set ab\t to /rangle t (fspr+ ( protection to :i* %e _h giv5 bir?4 ,ev5 9 ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,madison's coat _h become an uncon/itutional coat1 & ! idea ( ,am]ican wooll5s s wr\ght ^u ,mr4 ,john ,r&olph's g5tle affections1 t he said he w\ld g a mile out ( 8 way to kick a %eep4 ,! ,s\? ,c>ol9a resi/ance 0 beg9n+ to assume a milit>y =m4 ,!n occurr$ a mo/ admirable opportunity to te/ ! /r5g? ( our gov]nm5t1--to le>n & "k :e!r ! pill>s ( ?is ,union are made ( granite or ( pipe-/ems4 ,we _h a cle> case ( "r4 ,9 ! *air ( /ate 0 a man ( ,roman w1 :o w\ld h rejoic$ 9 ! opportunity to see t ! republic receiv$ no detrim5t4 ,he contemn$ ! nons5se z mu* z he despis$ ! fraud1 ( ! cry t ! ,union 0 9 dang]4 ,if x 0 9 any dang]1 he w\ld h sav$ x 9 su* a way t x w\ld n ne$ sav+ aga9 e twelvemon?4 ,b ! *ance 0 lo/4 ,a compromise 0 br\ght =w>d1 by :i* ,s\? ,c>ol9a cons5t$ to a sort ( arm$ truce1 on h] "p1 provid$ ! t>iff1 ?\gh n giv5 up1 %\ld be tap]$ d[n almo/ to no?+4 ,?\gh1 on _m acc\nts1 ,i h a high respect = ! au?or ( t compromise1 yet ,i reg>d x z ! mo/ un=tunate act ev] done1--! mo/ fatal prec$5t ev] set by ?is gov]nm5t4 ,x taught ! s\? ! efficacy ( clamor+2 x taught !m t !re are cases :]e a ,bomba/es ,furioso is z p[]ful z a ,julius ,cs>2 & x taught !m also1 not)/&+ all appe>ances ( solidity & firmness1 ( :at a delicate n]v\s tissue a money-bag consi/s4 ,:5 t compromise law _h _h "t to rea* its legitimate issues1 y all "k ! result4 ,a :irlw9d ( bankruptcy swept ov] ! l&4 ,its ravages rea*$ ev5 ! humble/ portions ( society4 ,! labor] suff]$ ev5 m ?an ! capitali/4 ,! latt] suff]$ 9 8 ga9s1 b ! =m] 9 8 bread4 ,all classes p]ceiv$ ! cause2 & !y ralli$1 almo/ z "o man1 to t trem5d\s ef=t to *ange ! policy ( ! c\ntry1 :i* result$ 9 ! election to ! presid5cy ( ,g5]al ,h>rison4 ,?\gh1 b a few days aft] 8 inauguration1 ! re9s ( gov]nm5t fell f 8 lifeless h&s1 yet ! t>iff ( #ahdb 0 ! consequ5ce ( 8 election4 ,?is re/or$ ! droop+ =tunes ( ,new ,engl&4 ,!n x 01 :ile we 7 imm]s$ 9 our bus9ess & our money mak+1 t s\!rn politicians address$ !mselves to t great s*eme ( pro-slav]y aggr&izem5t1--! annexation ( ,texas4 ,y are all famili> ) ! details ( ?is transaction1 & x is pa9ful to rev]t to !m4 ,! kid 0 see!d 9 its "m's milk4 ,nor!rn ,democrats ca/ ! votes :i* gave ,texas to ! s\?1 & de/roy$ our own prosp]ity4 ,texas 0 admitt$ j 9 season to repeal1 by h] votes 9 ! ,s5ate1 ! t>iff ( #ahdb1 by t ( #ahdf4 ,?is aga9 put 9 jeop>dy all our means emb>k$ 9 manufactures4 ,w\ld to ,heav5 t no?+ m de> ?an pecuni>y int]e/s _h be5 sacrific$ by t measure4 ,i d n blame ! s\? = seek+ an equilibrium ) ! nor?2 b !y d n seek ! true equilibrium4 ,if !y w\ld su/a9 !mselves 9 a competition ) u 9 economical affairs1 !y mu/ enc\rage labor & r5d] x honorable4 ,!y mu/1 all ( !m1 labor z we d1 9 "o way or ano!r1 ) ! h& or ) ! head2 or1--:i* is ! only true way1--) bo? toge!r4 ,!y mu/ build s*oolh\ses to develop ! m9ds ( _! *ildr51 & *ur*es to cultivate _! morals4 ,if !y w\ld only d ?is1 & n attempt to c>ry e ?+ by slave-begott5 votes1 & by add+ new /ates to beget m slave votes1 !y w\ld soon surpass u2 = nature has done va/ly m = !m1 9 soil & climate & 9 all ! means ( e>?ly prosp]ity1 ?an = u4 ,a sup]iority obta9$ 9 ?is way1 we1 z lov]s ( human happ9ess1 %\ld n rep9e at1 b rejoice 94 ,! next /ruggle 9 :i* !y engag$ = political aggr&izem5t1 0 ! ,mexican w>4 ,x c\ld1 inde$1 h>dly be call$ a /ruggle1--! nor? s readily & ignom9i\sly yield$4 ,!y want$ m t]ritory4 ,texas1 already gravid ) future slave /ates1 0 n suffici5t4 ,& ?\gh x 0 yet some:at unc]ta9 :e!r ,congress w\ld n int]dict ! ext5sion ( slav]y ov] t c\ntry1 ev5 %\ld !y conqu] x2 /ill1 z !y _h always triumph$ 9 _! conte/s ) u1 !y assum$ ! risk1 & tru/$ to _! future pr[ess & skill to monopolize ! plund]4 ,! t]ritory 0 conqu]$2 & !n1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important "q arose :i* has ev] come be=e ?is c\ntry s9ce ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,! mo/ mom5t\s consequ5ces 7 susp5d$ on ! decision ( ?is "q4 ,we _h1 z x 71 a creative p[] put into our h&s4 ,we _h ! %ap+ ( ! de/9ies ( half a cont95t intru/$ to our keep+4 ,our au?ority once ex]cis$1 ! act w\ld be irrevocable1 & ! doom ( all t region w\ld be fix$1 z by a decree ( ,omnipot5ce4 ,:5 ,god gives to ! _w a g5]ation ( *ildr51 & !y are ru9$ ?r\gh p>5tal neglect1 he gives ano!r g5]ation1 t ano!r trial may be made4 ,b if we once admit slav]y into ^? imm5se regions1 compris+ all ! unsettl$ residue ( ?is cont95t1 ,god w give u no new cont95t on :i* ! error may be retriev$4 ,n[1 on ?is great "q1 :at has be5 done8 ,i grieve to say t ,i fe> ! battle has be5 lo/4 ,if n lo/1 no?+ c save x b a vigor & an en]gy on ! "p ( ! nor?1 su* z !y h n lately put =?4 ,s f> z legislation is conc]n$1 ! :ole battle field is 9 possession ( ! enemy4 ,let me read a passage f "o ( ! acts ( ! la/ session ( ,congress1 :i* settles ?is fact4 ,by ! law = creat+ ! t]ritorial gov]nm5t ( ,new ,mexico1 x is expressly provid$1-- 8,t :5 admitt$ z a /ate1 ! said t]ritory1 or any portion ( ! same1 %all be receiv$ into ! ,union1 ,,) ,,or ,,)\t ,,slav]y1 z _! con/itution may prescribe at ! "t ( _! admission40 ,! act provid+ a t]ritorial gov]nm5t = ,utah conta9s a provision precisely simil>4 ,9 reg>d to ,texas1 we h gratuit\sly giv5 h] a "r to =m "o m slave /ate ?an %e 0 au?oriz$ to d by ! resolution ( annexation4 ,by ! ?ird article ( ! second section ( t resolution1 ,texas 0 au?oriz$ to =m new /ates1 n exce$+ f\r1 ( :i* ^? s\? ( #cf #cj %\ld be admitt$1 ) or )\t slav]y1 z _! p %\ld elect1 :ile 9 ! /ate or /ates1 7& !re mu/1 !re=e1 be at lea/ "o17 :i* %\ld be =m$ nor? ( #cf #cj1 !re %\ld be no slav]y or involunt>y s]vitude except = crime4 ,b by ! act ( ! la/ session1 = e/abli%+ ! b\nd>y ( ,texas1 ?\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates buys up ! claim ( ,texas to all ! t]ritory nor? ( #cf #cj1 yet x au?orizes ,texas to =m z _m slave /ates out ( ! residue ( h] t]ritory1 z %e c\ld h =m$ by ! resolution ( annexation1 bo? ( slave & free4 ,?is is manife/1 by ! foll[+ provision3-- 8,provid$1 t no?+ h]e9 conta9$ %all be con/ru$ to impair or qualify any ?+ conta9$ 9 ! ?ird article ( ! second section ( ! jo9t resolution = annex+ ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 approv$ ,m>* #a1 #ahde1 ei!r z reg>ds ! numb] ( /ates t may h]eaft] be =m$ out ( ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 or o!rwise40 ,"h1 !n1 in/ead ( ?ree /ates1 f\r are provid$ =1 ) full cons5t t !y %all all be slave /ates4 ,n[1 ,i ask1 if ?is gift ( a slave /ate is a trifle to be ?r[n 9 l ! value ( a small co9 9 ! settlem5t ( an acc\nt8 ,9 "s ( ! pro-slav]y pap]s ( ! nor?1 :i* h pr(ess$ to publi% ?is act = ! in=mation ( _! read]s1 ,i h obs]v$ t ?is clause has be5 left out6 ,!y did n d>e to tru/ _! read]s dur+ ! pres5t political campaign ) a k ( x4 ,i "k x is said1 by "h & !re an individual1 t slav]y _c g into ^? t]ritories4 ,b x is to be rememb]$ t all ! s\?1 almo/ z "o man1 diss5t f ?is proposition4 ,!y say x c & %all2 & is n _! op9ion1 on su* a subject1 ( great] weight ?an t ( any nor!rn man8 ,!y ?reat5 to dissolve ! ,union if slav]y be prohibit$ f go+ !re4 ,are !y su* lunatics z to dissolve ! ,union1 because we assume to prohibit :at nature has already made impossible8 ,slave /ates bord] on ^? t]ritories1 & %\ld !re be any ru% ( emigration t[>ds !m1 z1 by ! discov]y ( m9es or o!r causes !re may be1 a cl\d ( slaves w\ld imm$iately ov]spread !m4 ,if x be said t ! local law ( ! t]ritories prohibits slav]y1 ,i reply1 s x did 9 ,texas4 ,slav]y _h be5 aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ,mexico1 ( :i* ,texas 0 a prov9ce4 ,b ?\gh slav]y 0 no long] legal !re1 peonage 04 ,h5ce ! s\!rn plant]s1 at lea/ "s ( !m1 :5 ab\t to remove to ,texas1 ind5t$ _! own slaves to !mselves1 z peons1 s t !y might hold !m by ! ,mexican law ( peonage1 until !y %\ld become /rong en\gh to pass a law = slav]y4 ,x w be no m difficult to introduce slav]y into ,new ,mexico & ,utah ?an x 0 into ,texas4 ,i w n n[ g back to ! que/ions :i* agitat$ ! c\ntry & ! ,:ig p>ty at ! "t :5 ,g5]al ,taylor 0 nom9at$ = ! presid5cy4 ,:atev] ,i may h ?\ght ( him1 & ( ! propriety ( nom9at+ him1 x is b ju/ice to say t ,i n[ believe t he 0 a true man1 & an anti-slav]y man4 ,he int5d$ hone/ly to c>ry out ! w ( ,congress1 & execute ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 reg>dless ( slavehold+ dictation4 ,he w\ld h cru%$ ! fir/ movem5t = disunion2 or r1 a k ( :at he w\ld d1 w\ld h prev5t$ any su* movem5t4 ,) 8 own lips1 9 8 own h\se1 he told me t 9 case any /ate %\ld attempt to nullify an act ( ,congress1 he %\ld imm$iately ord] a naval =ce to blockade its coa/2 he w\ld all[ no?+ to pass into1 or to come out (1 ! rebelli\s /ate2 & 9 six mon?s1 said he1 x w\ld give up its resi/ance )\t ! %$d+ ( blood4 ,x 0 ,presid5t ,taylor's plan1 z y well "k1 to leave ! adju/m5t ( ! slav]y "q to ! t]ritories !mselves2 n t he 0 n prep>$ to h x settl$ by ,congress1 & a prohibition impos$1 b because he saw t :ile a prohibitory act might be pass$ by ! ,h\se1 x w\ld c]ta9ly be reject$ by ! ,s5ate4 ,he !re=e ?rew himself =w>d to :at he knew ! condition ( ?+s mu/ be1 aft] all ! ineffectual attempts at legislation on ! subject _h be5 made2 & he adopt$ t future condition & result ( ?+s z 8 pres5t plan ( action4 ,%\ld ! nor!rn memb]s ( ! ,h\se prove true to _! con/itu5cies & _! pl$ges1 !y w\ld nev] all[ ! t]ritories to be organiz$ )\t ! proviso2 & ! fe> ( su* a prohibition w\ld exclude slav]y f ! t]ritories1 z c]ta9ly z ! prohibition itself4 ,slavehold]s w\ld n v5ture to c>ry slaves into a c\ntry1 :]e1 at any mom5t an act ( ,congress might emancipate !m4 ,& if slav]y c\ld only be kept out ( ! t]ritories :ile !y rema9$ t]ritories1 x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be prohibit$ by ! /ate itself1 :5 ! condition ( t]ritorial pupilage %\ld be succe$$ by t ( /ate indep5d5ce4 ,a boy tra9$ up to virtu\s resolves until ! day he is tw5ty-"o1 w n adopt all ! vices ! day aft]4 ,! rec5t act has giv5 ,texas m ?an fifty ?\s& squ>e miles ( free ,new ,mexican t]ritory1 & ! promise ( t5 millions ( doll>s 9 f\rte5 ye>s1 ) int]e/ at five p] c5t4 up to t "t2 :i*1 at comp\nd int]e/1 makes a prospective grant ( tw5ty millions ( doll>s4 ,?is is done on pret5ce ( dis*>g+ debts :i* %e ow$ at ! "t ( h] annexation4 ,b ^? debts1 at ! highe/ e/imate1 d n exce$ sev5 millions1 s t a cle> gratuity is left to h] ( at lea/ ?ree millions 9 addition to ! grant ( ano!r slave /ate4 ,! int]e/ ( ^! ?ree millions w support h] gov]nm5t1 & keep h] suppli$ ) ! means ( fight+ ! battles ( slav]y4 ,!re is some?+ mo/ extraord9>y 9 ! claim ( ,texas to ! t]ritory = :i* %e has obta9$ s extravagant a price4 ,h] title 0 n by conque/1 nor by pur*ase1 b by an act ( h] own legislature4 ,%e claim$ ! t]ritory m]ely because %e _h ext5d$ h] legislation ov] x1 :5 %e _h no m "r to legislate = x ?an = ,canada4 ,i h br\ght ) me = y\r inspection1 if any ( y desire to see !m1 a s]ies ( maps :i* illu/rate ! gr[? ( ,texas4 ,by ,humboldt's map1 ( #ahjd1 ,texas conta9$ #ga1geb squ>e miles4 ,by ,tann]'s map1 ( #ahbf1 x conta9$ #ajh1jig squ>e miles4 ,by ,au/9's map1 ( #ahci1 x _h gr[n to #agi1efg squ>e miles4 ,! late claim ( its legislature 0 ! enorm\s quantity ( #cbe1jjj squ>e miles1 :i* ! act ( ,congress cuts d[n only to #bcg1cba6 ,by its own legislative assumptions x grew f #gj1jjj to #cbe1jjj squ>e miles4 ,by good husb&ry1 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 we are able to make great] crops gr[ on ! same l&1 b 9 ,texas !y make ! l& itself gr[4 ,i ?9k ,humboldt himself w\ld h be5 a/oni%$ at any su* geological !ory ( ! upris+ ( ! e>? z w\ld enl>ge an area ( #gj1jjj squ>e miles1 9 an inl& c\ntry1 into m ?an #cjj1jjj1 9 less ?an fifty ye>s4 ,b1 fell[-citiz5s1 slav]y is already 9 ! t]ritories1 :e!r prohibit$ by ,god & nature1 or n6 ,! l9e ( #cf #cj crosses ! t]ritory appropriat$ to ! ,indians1 :i* is already full ( slaves4 ,:5ev] ! ,indian title is ext+ui%$1 slav]y w be f\nd !re 9 possession ( ! soil4 ,utah has slaves to-day1 & ,i 0 in=m$ by a g5tleman *os5 z a delegate f t t]ritory to ,congress1 t ! ,mormon religion prescribes no?+ on ! subject4 ,i ne$ n n[ dwell on ano!r act ( ! la/ session1--! ,fugitive ,slave ,law1--because1 z yet1 ,i believe no voice 9 ,massa*usetts has be5 rais$ 9 its def5ce or palliation4 ,x is an act :i* might turn all ( u "h1 at ?is mom5t1 into slave hunt]s2 :i* might break up ?is meet+ at ! pres5t "t1 %\ld an (fic]1 clo!d ) ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 appe> at t door & comm& u to *ase an alleg$ fugitive1 p]haps a native-born freeman1 ov] ! graves ( our ,pilgrim fa!rs4 ,/&+ "h1 !n1 be=e y1 my con/itu5ts1 to give acc\nt ( my /ew>d%ip1 ,i h to say1 t ) voice & vote1 by expo/ulation & by remon/rance1 by all means 9 my p[]1 ,i h1 to ! full ext5t ( my ability1 resi/$ ! passage ( all ^! laws4 ,:y h ,i done s8 ,because1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i felt myself a moral & acc\ntable be+2 &1 z su*1 ,i c\ld n d o!rwise4 ,i h done s1 9 ! second place1 because ,i 0 y\r repres5tative1 & believ$ myself to be act+ 9 con=mity ) y\r wi%es1 ) ! wi%es ( ! ,:ig p>ty ( ,massa*usetts1 & ( my con/itu5ts g5]ally4 ,h ,i be5 mi/ak58 ,a volley ( noes4 ,to asc]ta9 :at 7 ! wi%es ( ! ,:ig p>ty1 & ( ^? :o put me 9 nom9ation1 ,i %all ref] y to a s]ies ( ! resolutions ( conv5tions1 & ( ! decl>ations ( ! be/ accr$it$ au?orities ( t p>ty1 on ?is subject1 = ye>s pa/4 ,! foll[+ are among ! resolutions ( ! ,:ig conv5tion :i* assembl$ 9 ?is t[n1 ,m>*1 #ahdh1 to nom9ate a successor to ! ,hon4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams4 ,!y 7 unanim\sly adopt$3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t ! memb]s ( ?is conv5tion1 met toge!r = ! purpose ( nom9at+ a c&idate to supply ! vacancy exi/+ 9 ! eigh? congressional di/rict1 m\rn1 9 common ) ! /ate & ! nation1 ! ev5t :i* has depriv$ !m ( ! s]vices ( t em95t son ( ,massa*usetts1 ^: voice 0 ev] rais$ 9 ! cause ( fre$om1 ^: va/ & v>i$ p[]s1 m ?an ^? ( any o!r /atesman ( 8 "t1 7 devot$ to ! s]vice ( 8 c\ntry1 %$d+ light ^u h] in/itutions1 & lead+ h] on 9 ! pa? ( duty1 prosp]ity1 & glory4 8,resolv$1 ,t ! loss ( 8 s]vices 9 ! halls ( ,congress1 at ?is "t1 is ! m deeply to be deplor$1 :5 8 great weight ( "*1 8 influ5ce1 8 tal5ts1 8 wisdom1 8 zeal1 & indomitable en]gy w\ld h be5 s b5ignly felt ^u ! great que/ions ( fre$om & slav]y1 :i* are to be discuss$ & settl$ = our newly-acquir$ doma91 /ret*+ f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 8,resolv$1 ,t x behooves u to unite ^u a c&idate to repres5t ?is di/rict ^u ! floor ( ,congress1 ^: pr9ciples %all be 9 consonance ) ^? ( 8 pr$ecessor1 ^: fidelity to ! great pr9ciples ( human fre$om %all be unwav]+1 ^: voice & vote %all on all occasions be ex]cis$ 9 ext5d+ & secur+ lib]ty to ! human race40 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahdh1 ! ,:ig /ate conv5tion ( ,massa*usetts met at ,worce/]1 :5 ! foll[+ resolution1 among o!rs1 report$ by ! ,hon4 ,joseph ,bell1 ( ,bo/on1 s9ce !n presid5t ( ! ,massa*usetts ,s5ate1 0 unanim\sly adopt$3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t be+ impress$ ) a pr(\nd s5se ( our responsibility1 z ! repres5tatives ( ! ,:igs ( ,massa*usetts1 t responsibility :i* atta*es to our words1 acts1 & votes1--we _c fail1 on ?is occasion1 z we h nev] fail$ on any o!r g5]al assemblage ( ! ,:igs ( ,massa*usetts1 to record1 9 ! mo/ solemn & delib]ate mann]1 our unqualifi$ opposition to any ext5sion ( ! in/itution ( slav]y into our t]ritory1 or any acquisitions ( t]ritory1 = ! purpose ( su* ext5sion4 ,on ?is "q1 ! voice ( ! ,:igs ( ,massa*usetts has be5 unwav]+ & uni=m1 & nev] has t voice spok5 ) high] eloqu5ce & p[] ?an :5 our di/+ui%$ s5ator 9 ,congress1 speak+ = himself1 & = ! :ole p ( ! commonweal?1 said1 #8,i cons5t to no fur!r ext5sion ( ! area ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or to ! fur!r increase ( slav]y repres5tation 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4'0 ,9 ,septemb] ( ! same ye>1 ano!r ,:ig conv5tion assembl$ at ?is place1 to nom9ate a c&idate = ! ,?irty-fir/ ,congress4 ,my views1 z record$ by my votes on all ! que/ions ( slav]y1 & z express$ 9 my spee*1 deliv]$ on ! #cj? ( ! prec$+ ,june1 7 !n be=e ! p4 ,t conv5tion1 among o!r resolutions1 pass$ ! foll[+1 by acclamation3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t we cordially approve ( ! c\rse ( ! ,hon4 ,horace ,mann1 & t 8 position 9 reg>d to free pr9ciples1 free labor1 & free spee*1 su/a9$ ) su* signal ability1 0 b a satisfactory fulfilm5t ( ! expectations t we _h :5 we nom9at$ him to succe$ ! illu/ri\s ,adams4 ,reg>d+ ! pa/ z ! be/ & only honorable pl$ge ( ! future1 ?is conv5tion unanim\sly pres5t 8 "n to ! p ( ?is di/rict = relection40 ,at ! ,:ig /ate conv5tion1 held at ,spr+field1 ,septemb] #bi?1 #ahdg1 ,mr4 ,web/] said he w\ld cons5t to no ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,are n ! laws :i* ,i h j read a cons5t8--full cons5t8 ,he claim$ ! ,wilmot proviso z 8 8?und]10 & said x _h be5 /ol5 f him4 ,:e!r /ol5 f him1 or n1 ,i d n decide4 ,he c]ta9ly seems to h lo/ possession ( x2 = we n[ f9d him ?und]+ on ! o!r side2--yes1 f ! high ,olympus to :i* ! votes ( ,massa*usetts _h elevat$ him1 he has hurl$ 8 bolts aga9/ ! de>e/ int]e/s ( 8 b5efactors4 ,b x is said we h regi/]$ ^! acts ( pro-slav]y legislation1 at ! dictation ( ! s\?1 9 ord] to save ! ,union4 ,:5 ,gov]nor ,davis 0 once ask$ to surr5d] ! rights ( humanity to save ! ,union1 he retort$ ) ! "q1 8,h[ _m times h we got to save ! ,union80 ,if we yield to e ?reat ( disunion1 we %all h to save ! ,union :5ev] any facti\s & unpr9cipl$ memb] ( x %all ?reat5 resi/ance to ! laws4 ,look at ! pres5t ?reat :i* has be5 made by ,texas4 ,:at res\rces has %e :]e) to oppose ! g5]al gov]nm5t8 ,%e has no funds except a s*ool fund ( #cd1jjj1 :i* h] gov]nor1 9 "o ( 8 late messages1 decl>$ to be inviolably devot$ to education4 ,to be sure1 s9ce ?is cry ( rebellion has be5 rais$1 he has said t ?is fund1 :i* c\ld be div]t$ = no useful purpose1 might be appropriat$ to ! treasonable "o ( resi/ance4 ,b look at ! am\nt ( ?is fund1--#cd1jjj4 ,milit>y m5 tell me x w\ld n support a s+le regim5t ( m\nt$ rang]s m ?an a mon?2 & all ! m settl$ p>ts ( ,texas are at lea/ "o mon?'s m>*+ di/ance f ,santa ,fe1 :i* is ! ne>e/ po9t ( attack4 ,!re 0 nev] any ?+ m ridicul\s ?an ! ?reats ( ,texas1 t %e w take arm$ possession ( ! ea/]n side ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 if x be n surr5d]$ to h]4 ,%e _c ev5 protect h]self aga9/ ! ,indian tribes t roam ?r\gh ! regions ly+ betwe5 h] & ! p %e ?reat5s to subjugate4 ,w ! disaffect$ /ates ( ! s\? help h] by munitions1 money1 or m58 ,! only /ates on :i* %e c\ld place any reliance are ,mississippi & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,c\ld a milit>y =ce be organiz$1 & !n m>*$ ne>ly a ?\s&1 or ne>ly fifte5 hundr$ miles1 across ! c\ntry1 to uphold ! ,texan bann] on ! bord]s ( ! ,rio ,gr&e8 ,7 exp$itions to be s5t by sea1 c\ld n ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi1 ! h>bor ( ,*>le/on1 & t gateway ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 :i* lies betwe5 ! capes ( ,florida & ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s2 ay1 ! :ole ,texan coa/ itself1 be blockad$ & gu>d$1 s z to make a ho/ile irruption into ,new ,mexico impossible8 ,talk ab\t ,texan resi/ance to ! gov]nm5t ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates1 my fell[-citiz5s2 x is s ridicul\s t no?+ c be conceiv$ :i* is n less ridicul\s1 & :i* w\ld1 !re=e1 by ! v comp>ison1 relieve ! supposition ( a portion ( its nons5se4 ,?is surr5d]+ to ! ?reat ( disunion1 is l ! fooli% "m :o gave h] boy a sug>-plum to /op swe>+4 ,pres5tly he bel*$ out a /ream ( pr(anity2 & :5 ! "m ask$ him :y he did s1 he said1 8,i want m sug>-plums40 ,g5]al ,taylor embrac$ ! :ole subject 9 a %ort s5t5ce :5 he said he 0 m afraid ( ,texan bonds ?an ( ,texan bayonets4 ,_! bonds h be5 t5 ?\s& times m p[]ful ?an _! bayonets 9 consummat+ ?is disa/r\s compromise4 ,b x is n only 9 conv5tions ( ! ,:ig p>ty t s5tim5ts h be5 express$ :olly incompatible ) ! great surr5d]s we h made4 ,su* s5tim5ts h emanat$ f m au?oritative s\rces4 ,!y are ! voice ( our commonweal?1--! repeat$ voice1 reit]at$ aga9 & aga91 ?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s4 ,let me select a few f among ! _m resolves ( ! ,massa*usetts legislature1 cov]+ ! "t1 & prec$+ ! "t1 t ,i h be5 9 ,congress4 ,! foll[+ 0 pass$ 9 #ahdg3-- 8,resolv$1 unanim\sly1 ,t ! legislature ( ,massa*usetts views ! exi/5ce ( human slav]y )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a great calamity1 an imm5se moral & political evil1 :i* ought to be aboli%$1 z soon z t end c be prop]ly & con/itutionally atta9$1 & t its ext5sion %\ld be uni=mly oppos$ by all good & patriotic m5 ?r\gh\t ! ,union40 ,aga91 9 #ahdi1 ! legislature ( ,massa*usetts 8,resolv$1 ,t :5 ,congress furni%es gov]nm5ts = ! t]ritories ( ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico1 x w be its duty to e/abli% !re9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ord9ance ( sev5te5 hundr$ & eighty-sev51 ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 to ! end t ! in/itution may be p]petually exclud$ !refrom beyond e *ance & unc]ta9ty40 ,& aga91 dur+ ?is pres5t ye>1 & n six mon?s ago1 ! same g5]al c\rt pass$ ! foll[+ resolve4 ,i might read f ! pr9t$ volume ( ! 8,acts & ,resolves ( #ahej20 b ,i *oose to read f ?is (ficial circul> :i* ,i hold 9 my h&1 :i* is atte/$ by ! secret>y ( /ate1 & 0 s5t to me at ,wa%+ton1 z to all ! o!r memb]s ( ,congress f ,massa*usetts1 s t we might be in=m$ ( ! views ( ! /ate gov]nm5t1 z well z ( our respective con/itu5cies1 on ?is important subject3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t ! p ( ,massa*usetts e>ne/ly insi/ ^u ! application by ,congress ( ! ord9ance ( #aghg1 ) all possible sanctions & solemnities ( law1 to ! t]ritorial possessions ( ! ,union 9 all p>ts ( ! cont95t1 & = all com+ "t4 8,resolv$1 ,t ! p ( ,massa*usetts1 9 ! ma9t5ance ( ^! _! well kn[n & inv9cible pr9ciples1 expect t all _! (fic]s & repres5tatives w adh]e to !m at all times1 on all occasions1 & "u all circum/ances40 ,& yet1 9 six mon?s1 we are call$ ^u to support ^! laws4 ,is ?is 8all com+ "t08 ,are ^! 8inv9cible pr9ciples0 ( ! ,massa*usetts ,:ig legislature to melt1 l wax1 :5 t\*$ by ! brea? ( p>ty8 ,!y notifi$ me1 "u _! seal & sign-manual1 t !y expect$ 8all _! (fic]s & repres5tatives to adh]e to !m1 at all times1 on all occasions1 & "u all circum/ances40 ,& yet1 be=e six mon?s h elaps$1 "s ( ! v m5 :o vot$ to give me su* in/ructions1 or injunctions1 or :atev] y please to call !m1 hav+ disc>d$ _! own solemn assev]ations ( pr9ciple1 n[ upbraid me because ,i1 too1 w n be recreant to !m4 ,is ?is :at y are to expect f m5 :om y h elect$ by y\r votes1 & to :om ! mom5t\s int]e/s ( millions1 & ! honor ( ! c\ntry1 h be5 confid$1 t _! v[s %\ld be l ^? ( p]fidi\s lov]s1 :o swe> 8et]nal fidelity0--dur+ ! honey moon8 ,we _c plead ! excuse1 9 reg>d to ^! resolves1 :i* a c]ta9 he>] ( ,:itfield did1 = appe>+ unmov$ at "o ( 8 pa!tic disc\rses1 :ile all o!rs 7 melt$ to te>s4 ,:5 ask$ :y he1 too1 did n weep1 he repli$ t 8he did n belong to t p>i%40 ,we d belong to ?is p>i%4 ,^! are ! 8acts & resolves0 ( our own /ate1 fre% & unsulli$ f ! m9t4 ,we _c d5y _! g5u95ess4 ,if we impute fraud any :]e1 x mu/ be to ! motives ( ^? :o pass$ !m4 ,he>1 too1 :at ,gov]nor ,briggs says on ?is same subject1 9 8 la/ inaugural address3-- 8,ent]ta9+ no d\bt ( ! con/itutional p[] ( ,congress to exclude slav]y f its own t]ritories1 & believ+ t su* exclusion is dem&$ by ! highe/ pr9ciples ( morality & ju/ice1 %e nev] c cons5t to its ext5sion ov] "o foot ( t]ritory :]e x n[ is n4 ,if ! o!r free /ates concur ) h] 9 ?is resolution1 ! ?+ w be done1 & consequ5ces left to !mselves40 ,?us h ! ,:ig p>ty 9 ?is /ate1 & its executive1 pl$g$ !mselves n to ext5d slav]y 8"o foot40 ,h[ _m feet 9 ! six hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles1 into :i* ! legislation ( ! la/ ,congress p]mits slav]y to ent]8--:i* legislation ! ,:ig p>ty is n[ call$ ^u to indorse1--t is1 h[ _m myriad pl$ges d !y require u to break8 ,let me n[ quote f ano!r high ,:ig au?ority1--,g5]al ,james ,wilson1 ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,= _m ye>s1 probably no man has be5 consid]$ a m au?oritative exp\nd] ( ,:ig s5tim5t4 ,he has be5 employ$ by ! p>ty1 or ! organs ( ! p>ty1 to trav]se ! c\ntry = ! advocacy ( ,:ig pr9ciples1 & has be5 e :]e li/5$ to ) great acceptance4 ,9 ,congress1 he spoke z foll[s3-- 8,i hold t ,congress is b\nd to take c>e ( ! t]ritories1 & s execute ! tru/ z w be/ promote ! int]e/s ( ^? :o may h]eaft] be entitl$ to ! b5eficial use4 ,z a memb] ( ?is ,congress1 ,i feel t ,i su/a9 a "p ( t responsibility1 & x is my desire to acquit myself wor?ily 9 meet+ x4 ,i desire s to acquit myself t my own consci5ce w n upbraid me1 & t :5 ,i %all pass away1 no reproa* %all fall ^u me1 or my *ildr5 aft] me1 = my acts "h ^u ?is mom5t\s "q4 ,i h1 sir1 an only son1 n[ a little fell[1 :om "s ( ?is committee may h se5 "h4 ,?9k y t :5 ,i am gone1 & he %all gr[ up to manhood1 & %all come =w>d to act 8 "p among ! citiz5s ( ! c\ntry1 ,i w leave x to be ca/ 9 8 tee?1 z a reproa*1 t 8 fa!r vot$ to s5d slav]y into ^? t]ritories8 ,no6 ,o1 no6 ,i look rev]5tly up to ! ,fa!r ( u all1 & f]v5tly implore him to sp>e t *ild t reproa*4 ,may ,god =bid x6 8,i h said t x is *>act]i/ic ( ! slave p[] to accompli% all ( its political purposes 9 ?is gov]nm5t4 ,i mu/ n[ say t ! p[] & influ5ce ( slav]y ov] ! action ( ,congress is impair$1 if n entirely gone4 ,:at an inf9ite mi/ake6 ,i make ?is decl>ation1 n because ,i h any confid5ce 9 ! politicians ( ! day4 ,no1 sir1 ,i h none :atev]4 ,! politicians are j z ready n[ to betray _! con/itu5ts z !y ev] h be54 ,i am sorry to say !re is evid5ce en\gh ( ?is4 ,my confid5ce is 9 ! p4 ,!y h tak5 ! matt] into _! own h&s2 !y h br\ght !mselves into ord] ( battle & l9e1 )\t ! ^w ( comm& f any political lead]4 ,"h !y /&1 ) front rank1 & re> rank1 & rank ( file-clos]s 9 position1 ) bayonets at a *>ge4 ,!y h spok5 to _! repres5tatives 9 a voice ( ?und]1 & w>n$ !m aga9/ ab&on+ _! int]e/s4 ,!y h bid !m d x at _! p]il4 ,! con/itu5ts h *all5g$ _! repres5tatives to betray _! tru/s1 & skulk & retreat ^u !m1 if !y d>$4 8,&1 sir1 ! con/itu5cies h spok5 #8^u honor4' ,!y are det]m9$1 & w execute _! purposes4 ,!re 0 a "t1 :51 if ! slave p[] _h any special "w to be done1 & want$ a nor!rn man to d x1 !y hunt$ him up f ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,little1 un=tunate ,new ,hamp%ire 0 call$ ^u to furni% ! scav5g] to d ! dirty "w4 ,t day1 ?ank ,god1 has gone by1 & x w n come aga9 v soon4 ,wait a %ort ye>1 ,mr4 ,wilson1 & see :o ! ,hazael w be4 8,! nor? are n dispos$ to trespass or int]f]e ) ! rights ( ! s\?4 ,:]e slav]y exi/s )9 ! /ates1 ! nor!rn p claim no "r to int]f]e ) x by any political action ( ?is gov]nm5t4 ,! p ask no action by ,congress on ! subject ( slav]y )9 ! /ates4 ,b g5tleman ne$ n ask me = my vote to ext5d ! in/itution ( slav]y "o s+le in* beyond its pres5t b\nd>ies4 ,did ,i say an in*1 ,mr4 ,*airman8 ,ay1 ,i w\ld n ext5d x "o sixte5-?\s&? "p ( a hair's bread?4 ,i w\ld n ext5d x1 because x w\ld be do+ an irretrievable wrong to my fell[-man2 because x w\ld be do+ irrep>able wrong to ^? t]ritories = :i* we are n[ to legislate2 because x w\ld be do+ viol5ce to nature & to nature's ,god2 & because x w\ld be a wick$ & wanton betrayal ( ! tru/ confid$ to me by ! free1 intellig5t con/itu5cy :i* has done me ! honor to s5d me "h4 8,x %all n be 9 ! p[] ( any man to %ake a m5ac+ f+] at me1 & look me 9 ! face ) a jibe ( contempt1 & say to me1 9 ! insult+ language ( a =m] repres5tative f ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,,r&olph1 #8we h conqu]$ y1 & we w conqu] y aga92 we h n conqu]$ y by ! black slaves ( ! s\?1 b by ! :ite slaves ( ! nor?4' ,no1 sir1 t rem>k %all nev] apply to me4 ,g5tlem5 ne$ n talk to me1 or attempt to fright5 me1 by ?reats ( dissolution ( ! ,union4 ,sir1 ,i d n p]mit myself to talk1 or ev5 ?9k ( ! dissolution ( ! ,union2 v few nor!rn m5 d4 ,we all look ^u su* a ?+ z impossible4 ,b1 sir1 sir1 if ! alt]native %\ld be pres5t$ to me ( ! ext5sion ( slav]y1 or ! dissolution ( ! ,union1 ,i w\ld say1 r ?an ext5d slav]y1 let ! ,union1 ay1 ! ,univ]se itself be dissolv$6 ,nev]1 nev] w ,i raise my h& or my voice to give a vote by :i* x c or may be ext5d$4 ,z ,god is my judge1 ,i _c1 ,i w n be mov$ f ! purpose ,i h n[ ann\nc$40 ,& yet ?is same ,g5]al ,wilson did vote = e "o ( ^! laws1 except+1 p]haps1 ! la/1 :i* pass$ 9 ! night1--fit d>kness = s d>k a de$1--& ! next morn+ he 0 (f = ,cali=nia4 ,h[ c su* a man /op ?is side ( ,botany ,bay8 ,n[1 fell[-citiz5s1 did y want me to disgrace myself1 & y1 & human nature1 too1 by su* an act ( flagrant apo/asy8 ,a cra% ( noes4 ,yet if ^! measures are adopt$ & su/a9$ by ! ,:ig p>ty1 & if ^? m5 :o committ$ ^! nef>i\s de$s are ju/ifi$ & upheld by y1 !n h[ are y less guilty ?an ,g5]al ,wilson8#af ,let me quote a passage or two f a spee* deliv]$ by "o ( my colleagues 9 ,congress1 ! ,hon4 ,george ,a%mun1 :o has1 ,i believe1 usually be5 consid]$ pretty good ,:ig au?ority4 ,9 a spee* made by him on ! #bg? ( la/ ,m>*1 ref]r+ to ! subjects ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories & ! recaption ( alleg$ fugitive slaves1 he said1-- 8,b ,i am b\nd to say1 h[ev]1 if ! s\? p]si/ 9 unit+ to dem& ! entrance ( slav]y into our free t]ritories1 ,i1 = "o1 mu/ con=m to :at are1 at ! same "t1 ! views ( my con/itu5ts & ! convictions ( my own judgm5t2 & if ,i am driv5 to ! alt]native1 ,i %all n hesitate to vote = ! proviso40--,app4 to ,cong4 ,globe1 #a/ ,sess4 #ca/ ,congress1 p4 #dja4 8,:ile ,i desire to d e ?+ :i* may protect ! rights ( prop]ty :i* are gu>anti$ to citiz5s ( ! slave /ates1 ,i _c cons5t to sacrifice ! rights ( lib]ty :i* belong to ! citiz5s ( ! free /ates4 ,to secure bo? ^! ends1 ,i see no o!r mode ?an to h ^? rights settl$ be=e legal tribunals1 by ! v]dicts ( juries & ! judgm5ts ( c\rts4444 ,:5 a color$ man is seiz$ 9 ,massa*usetts ^u a claim t he is ! prop]ty ( a citiz5 ( a slave /ate1 & he claims to be a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts1 & invokes ! protection ( ! laws ( ,massa*usetts1 is x to be said he may be summ>ily s5t away by ! decree ( any "o magi/rate )\t ! privilege ( v9dicat+ 8 title to 8 citiz5%ip be=e a jury ( ! c\ntry8 ,:y1 sir1 x c\ld n be done 9 ! case ( a horse escap$ f "o /ate to ano!r1 & f\nd 9 ! possession ( a citiz54 ,x c\ld n be tak5 by /rong h&1--by =ce4 ,! claimant mu/ resort to process ( law4 ,he mu/ sue out 8 writ ( replev91 & ! title ( ! def5dant mu/ be tri$ :]e he lives4 ,t def5dant may be a negro2 & surely1 if )\t a trial by jury y may n take t :i* he claims to be 8 prop]ty1 y c h>dly claim to seize ! man himself1 & c>ry him away1 be=e 8 title to fre$om has be5 te/$ by a tribunal1 z respectable1 at lea/1 & z safe1 z t :i* settles a title to 8 horse40--,ib4 p4 #cii4 ,& ano!r ( my colleagues1 ,mr4 ,,duncan1 ev5 z late z ! #g? ( ,june la/1 emphatically decl>$1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 z foll[s3-- 8,if t]ritorial bills are pres5t$ = ! gov]nm5t ( ,new ,mexico & ,utah1 ,i %all vote = ! exclusion ( slav]y f ^? t]ritories4 ,let me =tify ^! citations by ano!r f "o ( ! ackn[l$g$ lead]s ( ! ,:ig p>ty1--! ,hon4 ,rufus ,*oate3-- 8,on all ! great que/ions ( ! day1 b j slav]y2 on executive p[]1 on int]nal improvem5t1 on ! protection ( labor1 on peace1 & ! con/itution1 we mean to rema9 ! same p>ty ( ,:igs1 "o & indivisible1 f ,ma9e to ,l\isiana1--"o va/ incorporation ( cons5tane\s feel+ ?r\gh\t ! l&2 & ^u ?is "q alone we always diff] f ! ,:igs ( ! s\?2 & on t "o we propose simply to vote !m d[n40#ag ,i w quote a passage also f a rec5t lett] ( ! ,hon4 ,z5o ,scudd]1 late a ,:ig presid5t ( ! ,massa*usetts ,s5ate1 & n[ a c&idate ( ! ,:ig p>ty = ,congress1 9 ,di/rict ,no4 #aj3-- 8,i 0 at ! ,spr+field conv5tion :5 ,mr4 ,web/] said1 #8,n ano!r in* ( slave t]ritory2 no1 n "o in*6' ,by ! aid ( 8 rem>ks on t occasion1 ,i 0 confirm$ 9 ! views :i* ,i _h be=e ent]ta9$1 & h z yet se5 no reason to *ange !m4 8,9 #ahdg1 ,i _h ! honor & pleasure ( record+ my #8yea' 9 favor ( ! resolves #8conc]n+ ! exi/5ce & ext5sion ( slav]y )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1' & #8conc]n+ ! ,mexican w> & ! in/itution ( slav]y1' :i* pass$ ! legislature ( la/ ye>2 & _h ,i be5 a memb] ( t body at its la/ session1 ,i %\ld h giv5 my support to ! resolve #8conc]n+ slav]y1' :i* 0 !n pass$4 8,:5 ,i record$ my #8yea1' & advocat$ ! resolves ( #ahdg1 ,i did n suppose !m to be idle words1 writt5 out to be b&i$ ab\t & declaim$ ^u 9 ,massa*usetts1 & be laid snugly away1 if ev] ,i %\ld dep>t ! jurisdiction4 ,i suppos$ !m to involve great pr9ciples ( human fre$om1 :i* 7 to be appli$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( our c\ntry1 :5ev] & :]ev] ! "t & place might pres5t legitimate opportunities !re=40 ,at ! ,:ig /ate conv5tion held at ,spr+field 9 #ahdg1 a resolution 0 submitt$ by ,dr4 ,palfrey1 8t ! ,:igs ( ,massa*usetts w support no m5 = ! (fices ( presid5t & vice-presid5t1 b su* z are kn[n by _! acts1 or decl>$ op9ions1 to be oppos$ to ! ext5sion ( slav]y20 & ,mr4 ,william ,dwight1 !n ( ,spr+field1 is report$ to h said1 8,y _c vote = a c&idate n kn[n to be oppos$ to slav]y ext5sion2 x w\ld be guilt40 ,b1 fell[-citiz5s1 ,i might g on cit+ au?orities ( ?is k9d until sunset2--nay1 until sunlight %\ld come r\nd aga91 & /ill leave ! great] "p ( my res\rces unt\*$4 ,i w ref] y b to "o m1--a resolution pass$ at ! late ,:ig /ate conv5tion1 only a few days ago1 :i* 0 z foll[s3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t ,massa*usetts av[s h] unalt]able det]m9ation to ma9ta9 all ! pr9ciples & purposes %e has 9 times pa/ affirm$1 & reffirm$1 9 relation to ! ext5sion ( slav]y2 & ! measure ( success :i* has att5d$ h] ex]tions is a new inc5tive to cont9ue & p]sev]e 9 all con/itutional ef=ts1 till ! great & good "w %all be accompli%$ & p]fect$40 ,& n[1 g5tlem51 let me ask y :e!r my action has be5 9 accordance ) ^! s5tim5ts1 z express$ by ! highe/ acts ( ! p>ty & ! mo/ solemn resolutions ( ! /ate8 ,an acclamation ( yeas4 ,"h1 fell[-citiz5s1 ,i come to ! te/ "q3 ,did we1 z true ,:igs1 & z honorable m51 make all ^! decl>ations 9 s9c]ity1 mean+ to /& by !m to ! end2 or 0 x done1 f "t to "t1 to beguile a portion ( our fell[-citiz5s ( _! votes1 on ! vile doctr9e t 8all is fair 9 politics08 ,7 we frank & 9 e>ne/1 or 7 we holl[ & fraudul5t8 ,i "k v well :at influ5ces h be5 br\ght to be> ^u u4 ,i "k we are a p int5t on ?riv+1 & on worldly prosp]ity4 ,e "y man among/ u sets out 9 life det]m9$ to bett] 8 condition4 ,?is1 to me1 is no cause ( regret1 b ( rejoic+4 ,if ! _s ( ?rift does n transgress ! limits ( honor & duty1 x is n only "r b laudable4 ,! animal wants ( man mu/ be suppli$ be=e he w develop 8 intellectual or moral p[]s4 ,y may f9d individuals :o w be virtu\s amid want & privation1--h]oes 9 virtue2--b a virtu\s community 9 rags & hung]1 y w nev] f9d4 ,we mu/ put society 9 a condition ( physical com=t1 be=e x w rise to m5tal excell5ce4 ,i am an ard5t advocate1 !re=e1 ( all measures t5d+ to increase ! weal? ( ! c\ntry2 b on ?is ev]-pres5t & ev]la/+ condition1 t x is done )\t a sacrifice ( pr9ciples4 ,any enl>gem5t ( bus9ess1 any increase ( pr(its1 any augm5tation ( weal?1 ga9$ by a community ?r\gh a d]eliction f pr9ciple1 is z insecure & z ignom9i\s z ! ga9s ( an individual ?r\gh fraud1 embezzlem5t1 or peculation4 ,= ! purpose ( rew>d+ our native labor1 !re=e1 ,i am = a protective t>iff4 ,p]haps "s p]sons may be "h pres5t :o diss5t f ?is op9ion2 b ,i came "h to av[1 & n to conceal my s5tim5ts & acts4 ,x has always seem$ to me t we mu/ protect our labor aga9/ =eign labor1 or our labor]s at home w fall to ! condition ( ! paup] labor]s abroad4 ,9 ,man*e/] 9 ,engl&1 & ,glasg[ 9 ,scotl&1 & _m o!r manufactur+ t[ns 9 ,great ,brita91 !re are ?\s&s ( wret*$1 degrad$ female op]atives1 :o e>n sc>cely a %ill+ a day4 ,aft] _! day's "w is done1 !y visit ! dram-%ops1 roam ! /reets till midnight1 & if n invit$ away by vici\s m51 !y huddle by scores into fil?y lodg+-h\ses1 :]e !y sleep1 m5 & wom5 promiscu\sly1 till morn+ summons !m back to _! tasks4 ,n[ :]e labor is s scantily paid1 fabrics c be produc$ m *eaply2 & if ^! fabrics c be s5t into ?is c\ntry1 free ( duty1 !y w und]sell ours1 until ! prices ( our labor & ! condition ( our labor]s are r$uc$ to !irs4 ,no?+ is left to protect our indu/ry b ! *eap] freight ( ! mat]ials1 & t is too trifl+ a comp5sation to be ( any acc\nt4 ,?is is ! :ole philosophy ( ! matt]1 & to me x has always seem$ unassailable4 ,x has be5 ?\ght & said t if we w\ld yield to ! s\? on ! slav]y "q1 !y w\ld yield to u on ! t>iff "q4 ,we h surr5d]$ ! slav]y "q4 ,h we got ! t>iff8 ,h we got any ?+ b disgrace 9 ! eyes ( ! civiliz$ _w8 ,to me1 x seems t our *ance = a t>iff is greatly dim9i%$4 ,= ! majority :i* is necess>y to enable u to pass a t>iff law1 we mu/ dep5d on our oppon5ts4 ,by our yield+ to ! s\?1 _! p>ty discipl9e has be5 imm5sely /r5g!n$1 & x is n[ m difficult ?an ev] to obta9 _! votes = any measure conducive to nor!rn int]e/s4 ,besides1 !y n[ say !y w reta9 ! t>iff "q z an op5 "o1 9 ord] to keep u on our good behavior4 ,:at h ^? n[ to say = !mselves1 :o beguil$ a portion ( our p into ! delusion1 t !y might safely b>t] human rights = pecuni>y advantages1 & h left to _! dupes bo? ! loss ( ! advantages1 & ! disgrace ( ab&on+ _! pr9ciples6 ,b an appeal is made to u to ratify ?is surr5d] to ! slave p[]1 because ( our love = ! ,union4 ,& is our love = ! ,union always to be conv]t$1 or r p]v]t$1 into a pro-slav]y motive ( action8 ,i jo9 y all mo/ cordially1 ,i jo9 any "o1 9 av[+ my reg>d = ! ,union1 & my resolution to /& by x4 ,b ! ,union ought to be s us$ z to ext5d1 & n to abridge human welf>e4 ,if1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! ,union1 we mu/ sacrifice all ! great objects = :i* ! ,union 0 =m$1--! e/abli%m5t ( ju/ice1 ! promotion ( ! g5]al welf>e1 & ! secur+ ( ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity1--!n ! ,union no long] repres5ts a b5efic5t div9ity b a f\l ,dagon1 & is wor?y to be brok5 9 pieces4 ,a ,union :i* mu/ be secur$ by su* sacrifices z h be5 lately made 9 ,new ,york1 9 behalf ( ! s call$ 8,union ,meet+10 aboli%es ! b5efits x 0 design$ to secure4 ,eight ?\s& signatures 7 obta9$ = call+ t meet+2 b to procure !m1 :ole /reets 7 sc\r$1 & m5 7 ?reat5$ ) ! publication ( _! names1 & ! consequ5t loss ( s\!rn cu/om1 if !y refus$ to jo9 9 ! call4 ,_m 7 oblig$ to pay hu% money to prev5t exposure4 ,! ,new ,york idea is slav]y & free trade4 ,"h1 x is slav]y & t>iff4 ,bo? cities _c get ! price ( _! surr5d] ( pr9ciple4 ,no1 fell[-citiz5s1 ! m we yield to ! dem&s ( ! s\? 9 ord] to save ! ,union1 ! m we may & mu/4 ,_! long+ eyes are already fix$ on ,cuba4 ,!re is m probability & m dang] to-day t ,cuba w be annex$ to ?is gov]nm5t )9 five ye>s1 ?an !re 0 ( ,texan annexation five ye>s be=e t ev5t took place4 ,i lately said to a ,l\isianian1 8,y w soon be = mak+ a slave /ate ( ,cuba40 8,no10 said he1 8we mean to make two ( t40 ,g5tlem51 ,i h already occupi$ y\r att5tion too long4 ,b ,i am con/ra9$ to make a few brief rem>ks on a subject ,i w\ld gladly avoid4 ,! occasion ( y\r pres5t meet+ is kn[n to all4 ,two ye>s ago1 ,i 0 nom9at$ by ! ,:igs ( ?is di/rict z _! c&idate = ! seat 9 ,congress :i* ,i n[ hold4 ,by ! favor ( my fell[-citiz5s ( all p>ties1 ,i receiv$ m ?an elev5 ?\s& out ( ab\t ?irte5 ?\s& votes ca/ at t election4 ,i felt assur$ at t "t1 t ,i agre$ 9 all ess5tial articles ( political fai? ) ^? :o gave me _! support1 o!rwise ,i %\ld n h accept$ ! (fice at _! h&s4 ,i h endeavor$ fai?fully1 & accord+ to ! be/ ( my ability1 to c>ry out ! wi%es :i* !y !n express$1 & :i* !y well knew t ,i held4 ,yet1 dur+ ! la/ week1 a ,:ig conv5tion1 7s call$17 assembl$ 9 ?is place to nom9ate a c&idate = ! ?irty-second ,congress2 &1 aft] "s close vot+1 !y nom9at$ z my successor1 ! ,hon4 ,samuel ,h4 ,walley1--a g5tleman1 ,i am happy to say1 t[>ds :om ,i h always su/a9$ relations ( p]sonal k9dness4 ,9 ! language ( ! day1 t conv5tion ?rew me ov]bo>d4 ,n[ x is kn[n to my :ole circle ( private fri5ds1 t1 z soon z ,congress pass$ ^! pro-slav]y measures to :i* ,i h adv]t$1 my det]m9ation 0 =m$ n to be a c&idate = relection4 ,i resolv$ to return to ! p1 & labor at home in/ead ( at ,wa%+ton1 9 ! cause ( human fre$om4 ,b x 0 soon giv5 out1 9 c]ta9 influ5tial qu>t]s1 t ,i %\ld n be return$ to ,congress aga91 & t ,i %\ld be /igmatiz$ by a rejection4 ,unsurpass$ ef=ts1 z y all "k1 h be5 made to c>ry out ?is ?reat2 ev5 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has made x ! occasion = a practical contradiction ( all he _h ev] said aga9/ br++ ! influ5ce ( ! gov]nm5t to be> ^u ! fre$om ( elections2 & ! proce$+s ( ! la/ week's conv5tion 7 ! fir/ in/alm5t ( ! p5alty :i* ,i am to suff] = def5d+ human rights & unmask+ _! betray]s4 ,x is said t ! conv5tion ( la/ week 0 a pack$ conv5tion2 t x did n repres5t ! wi%es ( ! p4 ,decorum =bids me to make any su* *>ge1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 probably true4 ,9 a few days1 ?is po9t w be settl$ by ! sov]eign ( u all1 at ! ballot-box4#ah ,b two or ?ree po9ts1 to :i* ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion1 are conta9$ 9 ! address put =? by ! meet+ ,i h ref]r$ to4 ,let me premise1 h[ev]1 t ,i take no exception to ! fact t my acts & op9ions %\ld be made ! subject ( exam9ation & criticism by any body ( m51 or by any man4 ,x is bett] t animadv]sion %\ld be wrong ?an t x %\ld n be free4 ,l ,ari/ides1 ,i w\ld write ! vote t %\ld bani% me1 r ?an to fett] or control ! vot]'s w4 ,& n[1 hav+ laid d[n ^! pr9ciples 9 favor ( free spee* = o!rs1 ,i proce$ to exemplify !m = myself4 ,! fir/ *>ge pref]r$ aga9/ me1 9 ! address1 is1 t ,i said1 9 a lett] dat$ on ! #c;d ( ,may la/1 & address$ to a portion ( my con/itu5ts1#ai t ,i 8sympa?iz$ on diff]5t po9ts ) diff]5t p>ties1 b 0 exclusively b\nd to none40 ,^u ?is1 ! address rem>ks1 8,if we und]/& 8 mean+1 x is 444 t he _c be our *ampion & def5d our cause1 z our true repres5tative %\ld1 :5ev] & :]ev] call$ ^u40 ,no1 ,i reply to ?is1 ,i w n promise be=eh& to be any man's 8*ampion10 nor to def5d any man's 8cause10 8:5ev] & :]ev] call$ ^u40 ,?is w\ld be to pr(f] *ampion%ip & allegiance to m5 & measures :e!r !y 7 "r or wrong4 ,if any man (f]s to vote = me on su* conditions1 ,i d5y him my assi/ance & disda9 8 support4 ,p]haps ,i d n "k :at ,i 0 made =2 b "o ?+ ,i c]ta9ly nev] 0 made =1 & t is1 to put pr9ciples on & (f1 at ! dictation ( a p>ty1 z a lackey *anges 8 liv]y at 8 ma/]'s comm&4 ,ano!r rem>k 9 ! address is1 t ! compromise measures1 s call$1 except+ ! fugitive slave law1 7 8wise1 & t !y gave to ! free /ates all !y c\ld reasonably ask40 ,:at a /ultification1 my fri5ds1 is ?is1 ( ourselves1 ( our p>ty1 & ( e dep>tm5t ( our /ate gov]nm5t1 = ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,:at h y be5 do+1 b resolv+1 cont5d+1 & plac+ y\r words & de$s ^u ! hi/orical records ( ! /ate & ! nation1 aga9/ ! id5tical measures n[ decl>$ to be 8wise10 & all = :i* ! free /ates 8c\ld reasonably ask08 ,i leave ?is po9t ) a s+le rem>k4 ,! address excepts ! fugitive slave law f ! measures x comm5ds4 ,be=e ano!r ye> is pa/1 w n t mo/ execrable act 9 mod]n legislation be palliat$ or adopt$ by ^? :o vot$ = ?is address8 ,a ?ird objection to my position is1 t ,i reg>d ! "q ( ! ext5sion ( slav]y into our t]ritories z p>am\nt to ^? que/ions ( a pecuni>y "*1 on :i* we desire to obta9 ! favorable action ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,let ?is objection aga9/ me h its full =ce4 ,i admit x1 9 all its l5g? & bread?4 ,i d reg>d ! "q ( human fre$om = our wide-ext5d$ t]ritories1 ) all ! public & private consequ5ces dep5d5t ^u x1 bo? n[ & 9 all futurity1 z fir/1 =emo/1 *iefe/ among all ! que/ions t h be5 be=e ! gov]nm5t1 or are likely to be be=e x4 ,:5 tempor>y & comm]cial int]e/s are put 9 competition ) ! endur+ & unspeakably preci\s int]e/s ( fre$om = a :ole race1 ( lib]ty = a :ole c\ntry1 & ( ob$i5ce to ! w ( ! ,creator1 my answ] is1 8,seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god & 8 righte\sness1 & all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y40 ,9 an address deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,*oate1 9 #ahdh1 he decl>$ ! slav]y "q to be ( 8transc5d5t importance20 & = ?is s5tim5t he 0 univ]sally applaud$4 ,:]e9 does 8p>am\nt importance0 s diff] f 8transc5d5t importance10 t ! "o is to be applaud$ :ile ! o!r is condemn$8 ,let me call y\r att5tion to "o o!r rem>k 9 ! address1 & ,i w leave x4 ,x sugge/s t my c\rse 9 ,congress on ! slav]y que/ions has be5 unacceptable to ! s\?1 & t we ought to s5d a repres5tative :o w conciliate !m & obta9 _! good w4 ,fell[-citiz5s1 d y suppose t any man c be true to ! memory ( ! ,pilgrim fa!rs1 & to ! love ( lib]ty !y bequea!d u1 & at ! same "t true to ! _s ( ! ,cavali]s1 & to ! wi%es ( _! slave-own+ po/]ity8 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 x 0 said t no man c s]ve two ma/]s2 b ! cupidity ( mod]n times proposes ! solution ( a problem :i* ,*ri/ decl>$ to be impossible4 ,my op9ion is1 t ! cause ( all our pres5t calamity1 & ( ! endur+ di%onor ( ! late measures1 is ?is v desire to conciliate s\!rn favor1 in/ead ( giv+ a manful def5ce to nor!rn rights4 ,f9ally1 fell[-citiz5s1 x is our =tune to live dur+ a great hi/oric crisis 9 ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,?is is ! age ( ! useful arts2 ( discov]ies & inv5tions1 :i* are fill+ ) weal? ! g>n]s & ! c(f]s ( m54 ,x is ! age ( comm]ce1 ( pr(it1 ( f9ance4 ,"o "p ( our nature is int5sely /imulat$4 ,let u bew>e ( ! effect ( ?is /imulus ^u t nobl] portion ( our be+1 :i* no spl5dor ( opul5ce nor pr(usion ( luxuries c ev] satisfy2 :i* dem&s allegiance to ,god1 & ju/ice & humanity t[>ds our fell[-m52 & :i* mu/ h !m1 or die ! second dea?4 ,we may be poor2 b let u deprecate & =ef5d ! mo/ calamit\s ( all pov]ties1--a pov]ty ( _s4 ,we may be subject$ to great sacrifices2 b let u sacrifice e ?+ else1 nay1 life itself1 be=e we sacrifice our pr9ciples4 ,i comm5d to y ! language ( ! good ,bi%op ,watson1 :o1 :5 tempt$ to /ifle ! expression ( 8 convictions ?r\gh ! hope ( k+ly patronage1 repli$1 t x 0 8,bett] to seek a =tuit\s su/5ance f ! dripp+s ( ! mo/ b>r5 rock 9 ,switz]l&1 ) fre$om = 8 fri5d1 ?an to batt5 z a slave at ! mo/ luxuri\s table ( ! greate/ despot 9 ! _w40 ,,footnotes3 #af ,mr4 ,wilson has s9ce be5 rew>d$ by ! adm9i/ration ) a lucrative (fice 9 ,cali=nia4 #ag ,see1 also1 ante1 p4 #bef4 #ah ,! p settl$ ! "q by elect+ ,mr4 ,mann by a majority ov] all o!r c&idates4--,publi%]s4 #ai ,see ante1 p4 #bcg4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,9 ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,:ole ,,on ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,union1 ,,febru>y #bh1 #ahea1 ,,on ,,! ,,fugitive ,,slave ,,law4 ,,mr4 ,,*airman2 ,"s "t ago1 ,i prep>$ a few comm5ts ^u ^? prom95t measures ( ! la/ session1 :i* h s9ce arre/$ ! att5tion ( all ! lov]s ( con/itutional lib]ty1 & ( moral & religi\s m51 ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w4 ,i am unwill+ to suff] ! pres5t session to close )\t express+ ! reflections ,i h =m$2 because ,i deem x b a reasonable desire t my op9ions %\ld be plac$ ^u ! records ( ! v ,congress to ^: measures !y ref]4 ,does any "o ask :at b5efit ,i anticipate f a discussion ( ?is subject at ! pres5t mom5t8 ,i answ]1 ?is b5efit at lea/3 t ( ent]+ a solemn prote/ aga9/ a griev\s wrong1 & ( plac+ ^u ! tablets ( my c\ntry's hi/ory1 :at ,i believe to be ! views ( a va/ majority ( my con/itu5ts1 9 common ) ! va/ majority ( ! p ( ,massa*usetts4 ,"s ( ^? compromise measures are de/9$ to be ( great hi/oric importance4 ,!y w be drawn into prec$5t4 ,:51 9 evil days1 fur!r encroa*m5ts are m$itat$ aga9/ human rights1 ^! old measures w be cit$ z a sanction = new aggressions2 &1 9 my view1 !y w always be f\nd broad en\gh1 & bad en\gh1 to cov] almo/ any nameable assault ^u human lib]ty4 ,:5 bad m5 want au?ority = bad de$s1 !y w only h to g back to ! legislation ( ,congress1 9 #ahej1 to f9d an armory full ( ! weapons ( inju/ice4 ,sir1 legislative prec$5ts are =midable ?+s4 ,if creat$ )\t opposition1 & especially if acquiesc$ 9 )\t compla9t1 !y become /ill m =midable4 ,n[1 if !re 7 no o!r reasons = reviv+ ?is subject at ! pres5t session ( ,congress1 ?is alone w\ld be an ample ju/ification1--x =ef5ds ! argum5t f acquiesc5ce4 ,:5 sev]al ( ^! measures 7 pass$1 & p>ticul>ly :5 "o ( ! mo/ obnoxi\s & crim9al ( !m all 0 pass$1--,i mean ! ,fugitive ,slave bill1--?is ,h\se 0 n a delib]ative body4 ,delib]ation 0 sil5c$4 ,^? :o knew !y c\ld n meet our argum5ts1 *ok$ _! utt]ance4 ,! previ\s "q1 :i* 0 orig9ally devis$ to curb ! abuse ( too mu* debate1 0 p]v]t$ to /op all debate4 ,! floor 0 assign$ to a kn[n fri5d ( ! bill1 :o aft] a brief spee* 9 palliation ( its enormities1 mov$ ! previ\s "q2 & ?us we 7 sil5c$ by =ce1 in/ead ( be+ ov]come by argum5t4 ,=1 sir1 ,i av]1 )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t ! bill nev] c\ld h become a law1 _h its oppon5ts be5 all[$ to debate x1 or to propose am5dm5ts to x4 ,= ! honor ( ! c\ntry1 !re=e1 at ! pres5t "t1 & = ! cause ( tru? h]eaft]1 x is important t ! hide\s features ( t bill1 :i* 7 !n mask$1 %\ld be n[ unmask$4 ,! argum5ts :i* ,i !n desir$ & design$ to (f] aga9/ x1 ,i mean to (f] n[4 ,^? argum5ts h lo/ no?+ ( _! weight by ?is en=c$ delay1 & ,i h lo/ no?+ ( my "r to pres5t !m4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i feel none ! less incl9$ to discuss ?is "q1 because an ord] has gone =? t x %all n be discuss$4 ,discussion has be5 d5\nc$ z agitation1 & !n x has be5 dictatorially proclaim$ t 8agitation mu/ be put d[n40 ,sir1 humble z ,i am1 ,i submit to no su* dictation1 come f :at qu>t] or f :at numb]s x may4 ,if su* a prohibition is int5d$ to be laid ^u me p]sonally1 ,i repel x4 ,if int5d$ to sil5ce me z ! repres5tative ( ! convictions & feel+s ( my con/itu5ts1 ,i repel x all ! m vehem5tly4 ,9 ?is gov]nm5t1 x is n tol]able = any man1 h[ev] high1 or = any body ( m51 h[ev] l>ge1 to prescribe :at subjects may be agitat$1 & :at may n be agitat$4 ,su* prescription is at be/ b a species ( lyn* law aga9/ free spee*4 ,x is z hateful z any o!r =m ( t execrable code2 & ,i d b express ! common s5tim5t ( all g5]\s m9ds1 :5 ,i say t = "o1 ,i am all ! m dispos$ to use my privilege ( spee*1 :5 imp]i\s m51 & ! sycophants ( imp]i\s m51 attempt to ban or con/ra9 me4 ,9 ,italy1 ! pope decides :at books may be read2 9 ,au/ria1 ! emp]or decides :at books may be writt52 b we are m degrad$ ?an ! subject ( pontiff or ,cs>1 if we are to be told :at topics we may discuss4 ,if ! subjects ( a despotic gov]nm5t are b\nd to be jeal\s ev5 ( ! poor privileges :i* !y possess1 h[ s5sitive1 h[ 8trembl+ly alive all o'er0 ought we to be at ^! ?reat5$ encroa*m5ts ^u fre$om ( spee* & fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,i ?9k t ^? :o say s mu* ab\t recall+ u to a s5se ( our con/itutional obligations1 w\ld d well to rememb]1 t ! v fir/ article ( ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution secures ! fre$om ( spee* & ! fre$om ( ! press4 ,by ! common cons5t ( ?is c\ntry1 manife/$ 9 all =ms = m ?an half a c5tury1 ! old ali5 & s$ition law has be5 condemn$4 ,has t law be5 condemn$ = fifty ye>s 9 ord] to make our %ame m conspicu\s by its revival "u circum/ances ( intol]able aggravation8 ,sir1 ,i hold treason aga9/ ?is gov]nm5t to be an enorm\s crime2 b great z x is1 ,i hold treason aga9/ free spee* & free ?\ght to be a crime incomp>ably great]4 ,if x be j & h]oic to rebel aga9/ all arbitr>y invasions ( free ?\ght & free expression1 !n is x n proportionably base & da/>dly to utt] m5aces1 or ?reat5 social or political disabilities = ! uncon/ra9$ ex]cise ( ^! bir?rights ( freem58 ,on ! face ( x1 x mu/ be a bad cause :i* w n be> discussion4 ,tru? seeks light in/ead ( %unn+ x4 ,he convicts himself ( wrong :o refuses to he> ! argum5ts ( 8 oppon5t4 ,x 0 well said by ,montesquieu1 t 8! enjoym5t ( lib]ty1 & ev5 its support & pres]vation1 consi/s 9 e man's be+ all[$ to speak 8 ?\ghts & lay op5 8 s5tim5ts40 ,:]e=e1 !n1 9 a c\ntry hi!rto reput$ to be free1 are we told t discussion mu/ be /opp$1 & agitation mu/ be put d[n8 ,x seems z if1 :5 a freeman debases 8 s\l by l5d+ himself to ! def5ce ( slav]y1 ,god puni%es him on ! spot by demoraliz+ 8 own nature ) t _s ( tyranny :i* belongs to slav]y4 ,:]e9 consi/s ! advantage ( a republican gov]nm5t ov] a despotism1 if ! fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 :i* c be /rangl$ 9 ! "o by arbitr>y comm&1 c be /ifl$ 9 ! o!r by obloquy & d5unciation8 ,x is rem>kable1 too1 t ( all ! 8agitators0 9 ! c\ntry1 !re are none m viol5t ?an ^? :o are agitat+ aga9/ agitation4 ,?r\gh\t ! nor?1 t portion ( ! public press :i* volunte]s its influ5ce to ext5d ! doma9 ( slav]y1 & to ma9ta9 x by extra-con/itutional laws1 is con/antly provok+ ! agitation x d5\nces4 ,:at are ^! s-call$ ,union meet+s 9 nor!rn cities b an ext5sive app>atus ( agitation1--a piece ( ma*9]y to manufacture & s5d abroad ! v articles :i* its manag]s decl>e to be contrab&8 ,?r\gh public assemblies1 ?r\gh ! public press1 & by correspond5ce design$ = ! public eye1 !y are %ak+ ! common air to keep x calm2 !y are agoniz+ & 9 convulsions = repose2 !y are vocif]at+ to ma9ta9 sil5ce4 ,9 ! mo/ clamor\s days ( anti-slav]y1 !re nev] 0 half s mu* said & writt5 aga9/ ! in/itution z is n[ said & writt5 = x4 ,sir1 is ! "r ( agitation to be monopoliz$ by ^? :o d5\nce x8 ,is free spee* to be only on "o side2 & is x "o ( ! (fices ( free spee* to sil5ce ! s5tim5ts x dislikes8 ,i ?9k ?is is ! second "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry1 t an attempt has be5 boldly & unblu%+ly made to /ifle free discussion2 & ,i d n believe ! fate ( ^? :o are n[ labor+ to accompli% s nef>i\s a purpose w be hi/orically m enviable ?an t ( _! prototypes1 :o pass$ ! f>-fam$ law aga9/ s$iti\s spee*es & writ+s4 ,is x n extraord9>y1 too1 t ?is int]dict on discussion %\ld be appli$ to a subject :i* t\*es ! highe/ int]e/s ( man1 & calls into f]vid action all ! noble/ faculties ( 8 nature2 :i*1 m ?an any ?+ else1 te/s ! "q :e!r a man is man8 ,we may discuss ! "q ( bank or sub-treasury1 ( t>iff or free trade2 b ! only subject too sacr$ to be approa*$1 is slav]y & its aggr&izem5ts4 ,?is is a free c\ntry1 except :5 a man wi%es to v9dicate ! claims ( fre$om4 ,all o!r p>ts ( ! temple may be ent]$1 b slav]y is ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 & :oso lays 8 pr(ane h&s !reon mu/ p]i%4 ,sir1 h[ comes x to pass t an in/itution :i* ev5 ! enlight5$ hea!n ( old pron\nc$ to be iniquit\s1 & :i* eighte5 add$ c5turies ( ,*ri/ian illum9ation h prov$ to be ! sum ( (f5ces aga9/ ,god & man1 %\ld n[ be protect$1 n m]ely by con/itutions & laws2 b t a g5]al w>f>e %\ld be wag$ aga9/ all ^? :o w\ld re/ra9 x )9 its pres5t limits1 & keep x f arm+ itself ) new weapons ( oppression8 ,h[ comes x to pass t ?is %\ld be done1 n 9 ! despotisms ( ,au/ria & ( ,russia1 b 9 republican ,am]ica8 ,sir1 x is n to be done1 & _c be done4 ,almighty ,god has s con/itut$ ! human s\l1 t :ile wrong exi/s ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 all ! noble/ impulses ( t s\l w w> aga9/ x4 ,! ord] ( nature w w> aga9/ x4 8,! />s 9 _! c\rses0 w w> aga9/ x4 ,discussion1 or agitation1 if y s please to call x1 is "o ( ! ,heav5-appo9t$ means by :i* tru? is to be spread until x cov]s ! face ( ! e>?1 z ! wat]s cov] ! sea4 ,x 0 by discussion & by agitation1 9 synagogue & 9 temple1 9 di/ant cities & 9 diff]5t empires1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 c>ri$ f its cradle 9 ,j]usalem to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,did n ! disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/ g 8agitat+0 f city to city1 f ,pale/9e to ,greece1 & f ,greece to ,rome1 not)/&+ !y 7 imprison$ & sc\rg$1 flay$ alive1 & burnt1 & p]secut$ z inc5di>ies & fanatics1 by scribe1 & ,ph>isee1 & high prie/8 ,! v accusation br\ght aga9/ ! ,savior 01 8,he /irre? up ! p1 tea*+ ?r\gh\t all ,jewry1 beg9n+ f ,galilee to ?is place40 ,! subject on :i* anti-slav]y m5 n[ 8agitate0 is inf]ior only 9 importance to t on :i* ,*ri/ & 8 disciples 8agitat$40 ,nay1 ! only cause :y ,*ri/ianity has n prosp]$ z x ought dur+ ! la/ eighte5 c5turies1 & :y x has n already ov]spread ! :ole e>? ) its bless+s1 is1 t ,,lib]ty has n be5 giv5 x z a sph]e to "w 94 ,x is because ,,slav]y has exi/$ among m52 & ,*ri/ianity nev] w & nev] c p]vade ! e>? until ! b>ri]s ( slav]y are fir/ ov]?r[n4 ,x 0 by discussion & agitation t ! prevail+ religion ( ?is c\ntry1--! ,prote/ant religion1--broke ?r\gh ! d\ble phalanx ( civil & sac]dotal p[]1 & triumph$ ?r\gh\t ! lead+ nations ( ,europe1 "u ! indomitable en]gy ( t old h]o ( ,wittemburg1 :o did n he$ nor fe> t pr9ce ( ! slave p[]1 ! inc>nate devil himself4 ,x 0 by discussion & agitation t ! fir/ gl[+ sp>ks ( lib]ty 9 ! bosom ( ! ,adamses1 ( ,hancock1 & ( ,frankl91 ( ,?omas ,jeff]son & ( ,patrick ,h5ry1 7 fann$ into a flame t consum$ ! ho/s ( ! tyrant1--t tyrant :o s\ght to put d[n ?is dreadful agitation by means n a :it m repreh5sible 9 8 day1 ?an ^? by :i* c]ta9 lead+ m5 are /riv+ to sil5ce x n[4 ,:]e 0 !re ev] writt5 or publi%$ a m inc5di>y & fanatical docum5t ?an ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce8--a tor* to set ! _w on fire4 ,9 ! pres5t c5tury1 :at b discussion & agitation1 ?r\gh all ! realms ( ,great ,brita9 & 9 ?is c\ntry1 c\ld h suffic$ to ext+ui% ! slave trade1--t f\le/ blot ^u mod]n civilization8 ,no1 sir2 agitation is a "p ( ! sublime ord] ( nature4 ,9 ?und]1 x %akes ! /agnant air1 :i* w\ld o!rwise bre$ pe/il5ce4 ,9 tempe/s1 x purifies ! deep1 :i* w\ld o!rwise exhale miasma & dea?4 ,& 9 ! immortal ?\ghts ( duty1 ( humanity1 & ( lib]ty1 x s r\ses ! he>ts ( m5 t !y ?9k !mselves inspir$ ( ,god2 & n ! m]c5>y clamor ( ! m>ket-place1 nor ! outcries ( politicians1 clut*+ at ! prizes ( ambition1 c suppress ! utt]ances :i* true m5 believe !mselves ,heav5-commission$ to decl>e4 ,! ,presid5t's message tells u t ! compromise measures ( ! la/ session are 8,,f9al40 ,i take ! lib]ty to say ( t decl>ation 9 ! message1 ) all due respect to ! high s\rce f :i* x comes1 t ,i adopt ! s5tim5t1 t ^? measures are f9al1 9 "o s5se only4 ,_! sub/ance & object 71 9 an extreme degree1 pro-slav]y & anti-lib]ty4 ,!y m>k$ ! passage ( ?is gov]nm5t ?r\gh ano!r long /age 9 ! gloomy highway ( oppression4 ,!y furni%$ ano!r argum5t = ^? :o despair ( human nature2 & !y supply ! misan?rope ) a plausible reason = hat+ mank9d4 ,!y affix$ ano!r /a9 ^u ! c\ntry1 & set 9 deep] %ade ! contra/ betwe5 ! !ory ( our gov]nm5t & its practice4 ,!y beli$ /ill ano!r "t ! gospel ( love & human bro!rhood4 ,once aga9 !y defi$ ! v5geance ( ,god1 :o is no respect] ( p]sons1 & :o w br+ ! s9n] to judgm5t4 ,if su* measures are to be 8f9al10 9 ?is s5se only d ,i accept ! proposition1--t !y are to be ! la/ ( _! k9d2 t "h1 at ?is po9t1 ! c>e] ( ?is iniquity is to be /ay$2 t "h1 ! conf$]at$ p[]s ( ambition & ( weal?1--( ^? :o aspire to (fice & ^? :o lu/ = gold1 h won _! la/ victory4 ,9 ?is s5se only d ,i accept ! ,presid5t's decl>ation1 t ! action ( ! la/ ,congress on ?is subject is to be deem$ f9al2--t1 9 all future conflicts1 ! "r %all n be trampl$ "u foot1 b ! victims ( oppression %all triumph4 ,base z human nature (t5 proves itself to be1 x sometimes manife/s a div9e resili5ce by :i* x spr+s ) recup]ative en]gy f its guilty fall4 ,i draw no augury ( despair f ! calamity t has befall5 u4 ,x tea*es :atev] !re is ( virtue & ( pr9ciple 9 mank9d1 ! task :i* has be5 set !m to d1 & ^: accompli%m5t ,god w require at _! h&s4 ,x has be5 said by ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 9 a late spee*1 t if ?is subject be rep5$ 9 ,congress1 ! fri5ds ( fre$om w be f\nd 9 a 8lean & mis]able m9ority40 ,:at c>es my consci5ce1 sir1 :e!r ,i am 9 a m9ority or a majority1 if ,i am "r8 ,has any great & glori\s cause ev] be5 />t$ ^u e>?1 t did n f9d itself1 at ! outset1 9 a m9ority8 ,did ,cl>kson & ,wilb]=ce op5 _! tw5ty ye>s' conte/ ) a majority8 or 7 n all ! (fice-seek]s & mammon-wor%ipp]s oppos$ to !m8 ,did ! resi/ance ( ! revolution>y patriots to ! gov]nm5t ( ,great ,brita9 />t ) a majority on its side8 ,did ! ,pilgrim fa!rs resi/ con=mity to ecclesia/ical oppression because !y 7 a majority ( ! p8 ,did ! glori\s b& ( re=m]s c\nt on majorities1 :5 !y defi$ ! racks & ! flames ( ,rome8 ,:at w\ld n[ be our condition if ! prophets & h]oes ( old5 days1 if ! w>riors = tru? & ! m>tyrs ( lib]ty1 all ov] ! e>?1 _h yield$ to s base an argum5t z ?is1 & _h foll[$ ! multitude to d evil1 in/ead ( battl+ = ! tru?1 ?\gh x 7 solit>y & alone8 ,i c conceive ( b "o effect :i* su* a s5tim5t mu/ produce ^u all noble & tru?-lov+ m54 ,x is to make !m labor = ! "r ) a zeal comm5surate ) ! inf9ite bas5ess ( ! appeal by :i* !y are urg$ to ab&on x4 ,b ,i come n[1 ,mr4 ,*airman1 to ! ma9 topic ( my rem>ks1 :i* is a consid]ation ( ! "* ( ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 pass$ on ! #ah? day ( ,septemb] la/4 ,! objections mo/ g5]ally urg$ aga9/ ?is law are ( two k9ds3 #a/4 ,t x is uncon/itutional2 & #b;d4 ,t1 ev5 if ! fram]s ( ! con/itution did leave an ungu>d$ op5+1 ?r\gh :i* su* a law c\ld be introduc$ )\t a brea* 9 ! /ructure ( t in/rum5t1 /ill1 t x is a cruel law1 t x disc>ds all ^? pr9ciples ( evid5ce & =ms ( proce$+ :i* h be5 devis$ by ! wisdom ( ages = ! protection ( innoc5ce aga9/ p[]1 & t 9 its :ole scope & _s x is 9 conflict ) our fundam5tal ideas ( human lib]ty4 ,x w be se5 by ?is /atem5t1 t ,i "h accept ! con/itution accord+ to its commonly-receiv$ int]pretation4 ,!re is a class ( def5d]s ( ?is law :om ,i wi% to meet on _! own gr\nd4 ,i d n1 !re=e1 object "h to ! con/itution z !y und]/& x1 b to ! law4 ,h[ev] mu* a man may rev]5ce ! con/itution1 ?\gh he may make x an idol & wor%ip x1 yet ,i mean to %[ him t ?is law is an unholy ?+ 9 its pres5ce4 ,i object1 !n1 to ! law z a dep>ture f ! con/itution1--n a dep>ture t[>ds despotism m]ely1 b into despotism4 ,admitt+1 :at _m d5y1 t :5 ! con/itution speaks ( 8p]sons held to s]vice or labor10 x means slaves1 & admitt+ t x provides = _! reclamation :5 x says !y 8%all be deliv]$ up on claim10 ,i /ill impea* ! ,fugitive ,slave law = high crimes & misdemeanors aga9/ ! _s & ! lett] ( t in/rum5t4 ,on ! "q ( ! con/itutionality ( ?is law1 ! legal m9ds ( ! c\ntry are divid$4 ,x may n be easy to di/ribute op9ions correctly1 on ?is po9t1 into _! prop] classes1 & to decide ^u _! relative prepond]ance4 ,if we include slave own]s & ^? ^: pecuni>y int]e/s connect !m directly ) slav]y1 & especially if to ^? we add a /rong p>ty :o1 f political associations & hopes1 h surr5d]$ !mselves to a pro-slav]y policy1 probably ! numb]1 if n ! weight1 ( op9ion1 is 9 favor ( ! con/itutionality ( ! law4 ,b if we ga!r ! op9ions ( dis9t]e/$ & unbias$ m52 ( ^? :o h no money to make or (fice to hope = ?r\gh ! triumph ( ! law1 !n ,i ?9k ! prepond]ance ( op9ion is decid$ly ! o!r way4 ,i "k x has be5 said by "o prom95t individual1 t he has he>d ( no man1 ^: op9ion 0 wor? reg>d+1 :o d5i$ ! con/itutionality ( ! law4 ,n[1 z x is a fact univ]sally kn[n1 t g5tlem5 :o h occupi$ & adorn$ ! highe/ judicial /ations 9 _! respective /ates1 toge!r ) _m ( ! able/ lawy]s 9 ! :ole c\ntry1 h express$ op9ions aga9/ ! con/itutionality ( ?is law1 ,i h b "o s+le ^w ( reply to a decl>ation s arrogant & insol5t z ?is4 ,t reply is1 t on a great moral & political1 z well z legal "q1--a "q t connects itself ) e?ics1 z well z ) p>tisan politics1 & ! success ( old p>ties or ! =mation ( new ones1--integrity is z necess>y to ! =mation ( a s\nd op9ion z intellig5ce4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t "o fur!r rem>k %\ld 9 c&or be made1 9 reg>d to ! diff]5ce ( op9ions held by hone/ m5 on ?is subject4 ,! con/itutionality or uncon/itutionality ( ! ,fugitive ,slave law is n a "q to be det]m9$ solely by any s+le & simple provision ( ! fundam5tal law4 ,num]\s clauses 9 ! con/itution h a be>+ ^u x4 ,x connects itself ) contemporane\s hi/ory4 ,x pres5ts a case :]e comm5tators & exp\nd]s mu/ appeal to prec$5ts & analogies1 & to g5]al pr9ciples respect+ ! nature ( gov]nm5t & ! object ( all law4 ,x is !re=e a "q ( con/ruction & int]pretation4 ,&1 :at is a m important consid]ation /ill1 x belongs emphatically to t class ( cases :]e m51 :o h be5 tra9$ "u "o class ( in/itutions1 & ^: m9ds h be5 m\ld$ & %ap$ by ! univ]sal preval5ce ( "o set ( op9ions & "o c\rse ( practice1 may hone/ly come to "o conclusion1 :ile ^? :o h gr[n up "u adv]se op9ions & an adv]se practice1--or r1 into ^: m9ds adv]se op9ions & adv]se practices h gr[n1 until !y h become a "p ( ! v sub/ance ( ^? m9ds1--may hone/ly come to an opposite conclusion4 ,we "k1 too1 t 9 addition to ! p[]ful influ5ces ( education & tra9+1 ! g5]al ca/ & /ructure ( m5's m9ds pr$ispose !m to take "o side or ! o!r ( great political & religi\s que/ions4 ,natural biases op]ate l a law ( gravitation to sway diff]5t m9ds 9 diff]5t directions4 ,:51 !re=e1 a s\!rn g5tleman1 into ^: p]ceptions & reason+s & moral s5tim5ts1 ! facts & ! cre$ ( slav]y h be5 incorporat+ !mselves ev] s9ce he 0 born1 tells me t he believes ev5 su* a law z ?is to be con/itutional1 ,i c /ill conc$e ! fulness ( 8 integrity1 h[ev] /rongly ,i may diss5t f ! s\ndness ( 8 op9ion4 ,x is a law t might be held con/itutional by a b5* ( slavehold]s1 :ile x w\ld be held uncon/itutional by all ! inhabitants ( a free l&4 ,x is a law t might be held valid by ! c\rts ( ,au/ria1 :ile x w\ld be held invalid by ^? ( ,engl&4 ,x is a law :i* ! judges ( ,we/m9/] ,hall might h held valid 9 ! "t ( ! ,/u>ts1 :i* !y might & probably w\ld h held invalid 9 ! eighte5? c5tury2 &1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 w\ld c]ta9ly h reprobat$ & annull$4 ,my own op9ion is1 9 view ( ! great pr9ciples ( civil lib]ty out ( :i* ! con/itution grew1 & :i* x 0 design$ to secure1 t ?is law _c be fairly & legitimately support$ on con/itutional gr\nds4 ,i express ?is op9ion because1 aft] hav+ =m$ x ) c>eful delib]ation1 ,i am n[ b\nd to speak f x1 & to act f x4 ,i h read e argum5t1 & e article 9 def5ce ( ! law1 t ,i c\ld f9d1 f :atev] s\rce emanat+4 ,nay1 ,i h be5 m anxi\s to read ! argum5ts made 9 its favor ?an ! argum5ts aga9/ x2 & ,i ?9k ,i h se5 a s\nd legal answ] to all ! =m]4 ,z = any arrogant or sup]cili\s dictum1 ei!r t ! law is con/itutional or t x is n con/itutional1 unaccompani$ by any reason or any ref]5ce1 all reflect+ m5 mu/ reg>d x z %e] insol5ce1 come f :at qu>t] x may4 ,ev5 %\ld ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates decl>e ! law to be con/itutional1 !n1 ?\gh we mu/ ackn[l$ge _! decision1 z to ! po9t decid$1 to be ! law ( ! l&1 until x is set aside1 yet1 )\t any disrespect to t tribunal1 we may /ill adh]e to our =m] op9ion4 ,we "k h[ t c\rt is con/itut$4 ,a majority ( its memb]s are f slavehold+ /ates4 ,indep5d5t1 too1 ( all o!r consid]ations1 !y w feel a /rong desire to ma9ta9 a =m] op9ion1 :i* 0 also giv5 :5 a majority ( its judges 7 f ! s\?4 ,we may1 !re=e1 place our diss5t on gr\nds :i*1 two ye>s ago1 :5 ! 8,clayton compromise10 s call$1 0 "u discussion1 7 s well /at$ by a di/+ui%$ s5ator f ,ohio1 ,mr4 ,,corw91--gr\nds p]fectly respectful on our "p1 & n d]ogatory to ! c\rt4 ,he said1-- 8,x is a sad comm5t>y ^u ! p]fection ( human reason1 t1 ) b few exceptions1 g5tlem5 com+ f a slave /ate 444 all em95t lawy]s on ?is floor1 f t section ( ! c\ntry1 h agre$ t y h no "r to prohibit ! introduction ( slav]y into ,oregon1 ,cali=nia1 & ,new ,mexico2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is n a man1 ) few exceptions1 7& "s highly respectable17 9 ! free /ates1 le>n$ & unle>n$1 cl]ical or lay1 :o has any pret5sions to legal k1 b believes 9 8 consci5ce t y h a "r to prohibit slav]y4444 ,h[ is ?is8 ,c ,i h confid5ce 9 ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 my confid5ce fails 9 s5ators ar\nd me "h8 ,d ,i expect t ! memb]s ( t body w be m c>eful ?an ! s5ators f ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a to =m _! op9ions )\t any reg>d to selfi% consid]ations80 ,besides1 ! supreme c\rt h already1 z ,i w %[1 decid$ c]ta9 po9ts 9 su* a way t1 if !y ma9ta9 ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 !y w be oblig$ to ov]rule ^? po9ts2 & x is m cr$itable to !m to suppose !y w ov]rule _! decision 9 ,prigg's case1 ?an to suppose !y w ov]rule o!r decisions 9 o!r cases4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i believe ! con/itution n only au?orizes b requires a trial by jury1 9 ! case ( alleg$ fugitive slaves1 :5 claim$ 9 free /ates4 ,! con/itution decl>es1 8,! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons10 8aga9/ unreasonable0 8seizures1 %all n be violat$2 & no w>rant %all issue b ^u probable cause1 support$ by oa? or affirmation1 & p>ticul>ly describ+0 8! p]sons or ?+s to be seiz$40--,am5d41 ,art4 ,,iv4 ,x also decl>es1 t1 8,9 suits at common law1 :]e ! value 9 controv]sy %all exce$ tw5ty doll>s1 ! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$40--,am5d41 ,art4 ,,vii4 ,& x also says1 8,no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law40 ,am5d41 ,art4 ,v4 ,& x is mo/ important to obs]ve t ^! words1 8due process ( law10 are held by all ! au?orities to include ! trial by jury4--#c ,/ory's ,com4 #ffa2 #b ,in/4 #ej1 #ea2 #b ,k5t's ,com4 #aj2 #a ,tuck]'s ,black4 ,app4 #cjd-e4 ,t !re may be no d\bt ab\t ! mean+ & =ce ( ^! words1 ,i quote ! foll[+ passage f ,*ancellor ,k5t3-- 8,x may be receiv$ z a self-evid5t proposition1 univ]sally und]/ood & ackn[l$g$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 t no p]son c be tak5 or imprison$1 or disseiz$ f 8 freehold1 or lib]ties1 or e/ate1 or exil$1 or condemn$1 or depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 unless by ! law ( ! l&1 or ! judgm5t ( 8 pe]s4 ,! words1 #8by ! law ( ! l&1' z us$ by ! ,magna ,*>ta1 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject1 are und]/ood to mean #8due process ( law4' ,t is1 by indictm5t or pres5tm5t ( good & lawful m540--#b ,com4 #ac4 ,n[1 9 mo/ ( ! cases :i* w arise "u ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 !re w be a 8seizure0 "u a w>rant2 & 9 all ! cases1 ! que/ions bo? ( prop]ty & ( lib]ty w necess>ily be involv$4 ,9 e case1 ! claimant w av] prop]ty 9 ! respond5t1 & w seek to deprive him ( 8 lib]ty4 ,! respond5t w d5y ! claim ( prop]ty1 & w seek to reta9 8 lib]ty4 ,n[1 suppose a man to h liv$ 9 ,bo/on or ,new ,york = tw5ty ye>s2 to h contract$ m>riage2 to h b\ght & sold2 to h hir$ himself out to o!rs1 & to h hir$ o!rs to s]ve him2 to h plead$ & be5 implead$ 9 ! c\rts2 to h vot$ at elections1 & to be1 9 all respects1 z free by ! con/itutions ( ,massa*usetts & ,new ,york z ! gov]nors ( ^? /ates !mselves2 & suppose fur!r1 t ?is man is sudd5ly seiz$ & tak5 be=e a commission]1 is adjudg$ ! prop]ty ( ano!r man l himself1 ) no *ance ( revis+ ! decision1 or ( hav+ a new trial1 is plac$ 9 duress1 & !n transport$ by =ce1 & aga9/ 8 w1 to a di/ant /ate1 "u a claim t he is a slave1 & an adjudication t su* claim is true1--suppose all ?is1 ,i say1 & !n answ] me ?is simple "q1 ,has1 or has n1 su* a man be5 8depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty08 ,9 o!r words1 does su* a man reta9 8 lib]ty8 ,z he is borne away by =ce1 & aga9/ pray]s1 & te>s1 & /ruggles1 does he rema9 free8 ,c a man be adjudg$ a slave2 held1 co]c$1 beat5 z a slave2 ) all 8 p[]s & faculties ( body & m9d subdu$ & controll$ z a slave's1 & yet possess or reta9 lib]ty8 ,if su* a proce$+ does n deprive a man ( 8 fre$om1 by :at means c he be depriv$ ( x8 ,:at m1 or :at o!r ?+ w\ld y d to deprive him ( x8 ,w\ld b9d+ him out to s]ve = life deprive him ( x8 ,?is decl>es t he owes s]vice = life4 ,w\ld imprisonm5t deprive him ( x8 ,?is imprisons him1 & makes ! man 8 keep] :o is int]e/$ to make t imprisonm5t p]petual 9 himself1 & desc5dible to 8 *ildr51 & 8 *ildr5's *ildr5 =ev]4 ,is n p]petual imprisonm5t ( ! nature & sub/ance ( puni%m5t1--( ! sev]e/ puni%m5t8 ,! con/itution has provid$ t 8cruel & unusual puni%m5ts %all n be inflict$10 ev5 = ! p]petration ( ! wor/ ( crimes2 yet "h is a case :]e ! mo/ cruel ( puni%m5ts1 or ( privations1 may be inflict$ )\t ev5 a *>ge ( crime4 ,& ! argum5t is1 t ?is =m ( puni%m5t may con/itutionally be inflict$1 because x 0 s inconceivably atroci\s & diabolical t ! con/itution did n prohibit x1--because ! con/itution only prohibit$ 8cruel & unusual puni%m5ts0 = crimes1 & n = hav+ a d>k sk94 ,does any "o say t a victim ( ?is law has n be5 8depriv$0 ( 8 lib]ty because he may sue = x1 & possibly recov] x1 9 ! c\rts ( ! /ate to :i* he is c>ri$8 ,i reply1 t x w\ld be j z good an answ] to say1 t he may possibly recov] 8 lib]ty by escape1 or possibly 8 ma/] may emancipate him1 or possibly a ,/4 ,dom+o insurrection may break out1 or possibly ! walls ( 8 prison-h\se may be %ak5 d[n by an e>?quake1 & he may g =? l ,paul & ,silas2 & !re=e he is n depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty by be+ enslav$4 ,nei!r ( ^! ev5ts w\ld h ! slighte/ legal relation to ! proce$+s :i* did enslave him4 ,nei!r ( !m w\ld be retroactive1 undo+ or annull+ ! pa/4 ,enslavem5t & lib]ty be+ incompatible1 :5 he suff]s ! fir/1 ?\gh b = an h\r1 he is depriv$ ( ! la/4 ,! mom5t he %\ld arrive )9 ! limits ( a slave /ate1 t mom5t he w\ld be 9 ! same condition z ?ree million o!r fell[-bondm52 & x w\ld be j z rational to say t !y h nev] be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty z t he has n4 ,:5 our gov]nm5t made w> ^u ,algi]s1 ransom+ ,am]ican captives f _! horrible bondage & re/or+ !m to _! homes1 did x annihilate ! prexi/+ fact t !y _h be5 enslav$8 ,did x enable or au?orize ! hi/orian to say t !y _h nev] be5 depriv$ ( _! lib]ty8 ,_h ,algi]s be5 8rennex$0 z "o ( ! /ates ( ?is ,union1 c\ld %e h said1 8,we h n brok5 ! con/itution because ^! m5 are free aga908 ,i affirm1 !n1 t :5 a man 9 ,massa*usetts1 :o by ! con/itution ( ,massa*usetts is free1 is adjudg$ to be a slave1 is transport$ z a slave1 & held z a slave1 9 a s\!rn /ate1 ?\gh x be b = a s+le day1 he is depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty4 ,t v ?+ is done to him :i* ! con/itution says %all n be done b by a jury ( 8 pe]s4 ,b a "q ( ,,prop]ty is involv$ z well z a "q ( lib]ty4 8,9 suits at common law10 says ! con/itution1 8:]e ! value 9 controv]sy %all exce$ tw5ty doll>s1 ! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$40 ,n[1 sir1 9 reg>d to ?is important clause 9 ! fundam5tal law1 ,i propose to demon/rate ! ?ree foll[+ propositions3-- ,fir/2 ! claim1 made be=e a compet5t magi/rate1 = a 8p]son held to s]vice or labor10 is1 9 view ( ?is con/itutional provision1 a 8suit40 ,second2 x is a 8suit at common law40 ,?ird2 x is a suit at common law 8:]e ! value 9 controv]sy exce$s tw5ty doll>s40 ,z a law t]m1 ! lexicograph]s def9e ! ^w 8suit0 to mean 8an action or process = ! recov]y ( a "r or claim2 legal application to a c\rt = ju/ice2 prosecution ( "r be=e any tribunal2--z a civil suit1 a crim9al suit1 a suit 9 *anc]y40 ,black/one says1 89 ,engl&1 ! sev]al suits1 or rem$ial in/rum5ts ( ju/ice1 are di/+ui%$ into ?ree heads1--actions1 p]sonal1 real1 & mix$40 8,suit0 comes f 8secta10 & secta f sequor2 & ! phrase 8to br+ suit10 d5ot$ anci5tly1 to br+ secta1--foll[]s1 or witnesses1 to prove ! pla9tiff's dem&4 ,! scope ( ! ^w is n[ enl>g$1 s t x embraces ! writt5 =ms by :i* an action is in/itut$1 z well z ! pro( :i* su/a9s x4 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 conf9$ to ! au?ority ( ! diction>y4 ,! supreme c\rt1 9 ! case ( ,coh5s vs4 ,virg9ia1 #f ,:eat4 #djg1 :]e ?is v ^w 8suit10 z x occurs 9 ! con/itution1 0 ! subject ( consid]ation1 def9$ x z foll[s3-- 8,:at is a suit8 ,we und]/& x to be ! prosecution1 or pursuit1 ( "s claim1 dem&1 or reque/4 ,9 law language1 x is ! prosecution ( "s dem&1 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 #8,! rem$y = e species ( wrong is1' says ,judge ,black/one1 #8! be+ put 9 possession ( t "r :]e( ! p>ty injur$ is depriv$4' ,! in/rum5ts :]eby ?is rem$y is obta9$1 are a div]sity ( suits & actions1 :i* are def9$ by ! ,mirror to be #8! lawful dem& ( "o's "r2' or1 z ,bracton & ,fleta express x1 9 ! words ( ,ju/9ian1 #8jus prosequ5di 9 judicio quod alicui debetur1'--7! =m ( prosecut+ 9 trial1 or judgm5t1 :at is due to any "o47 ,black/one !n proce$s to describe e species ( rem$y by suit2 & !y are all cases :]e ! p>ty su+ claims to obta9 some?+ to :i* x has a "r4 8,to comm5ce a suit1 is to dem& some?+ by ! in/itution ( process 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2 & to prosecute ! suit1 is1 accord+ to ! common acceptation ( language1 to cont9ue t dem&40 ,n[ let me take ! diff]5t clauses ( ?is def9ition1 & see if e "o ( !m does n necess>ily include ! dem& made by a slave claimant aga9/ ! alleg$ slave4 8,we und]/& a suit10 say ! c\rt1 8to be ! prosecution or pursuit ( "s claim1 dem&1 or reque/40 ,"h1 !n1 accord+ to ! supreme c\rt1 a suit is ! prosecution ( "s claim2 &1 accord+ to ! v lett] ( ! con/itution1 ! fugitive slave is to be deliv]$ up1 on claim4 ,! slave1 !n1 c be con/itutionally & legally 8deliv]$ up0 9 no o!r way ?an 8on claim10 by 8suit40 ,aga91 say ! c\rt3 8,9 law language1 x a suit is ! prosecution ( "s dem& 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice40 ,:5 legal process is in/itut$ = ! recov]y ( a slave1 is x n ! prosecution ( a dem&8 ,& w any "o be ra% en\gh to say t a man o/5sibly free1--free accord+ to all legal presumption1--c be 8deliv]$0 ov] to bondage = life1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( 8a c\rt ( ju/ice08 ,to proce$ ) ! op9ion ( ! c\rt3 8,! ,mirror def9es a suit to be #8! lawful dem& ( "o's "r2' or1 z ,bracton & ,fleta express x1 9 ! words ( ,ju/9ian1 x is ! =m ( prosecut+ 9 trial1 or judgm5t1 :at is due to any "o40 ,"h s]vice is alleg$ to be due2 & ! "o :o is said to owe t s]vice is 8prosecut$ by trial & judgm5t10 t he may r5d] ! s]vice claim$4 8,to comm5ce a suit is to dem& some?+ by ! in/itution ( process 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2 & to prosecute ! suit is1 accord+ to ! common acceptation ( language1 to cont9ue t dem&40 ,9 ! appeal to a c\rt = ! possession ( an alleg$ fugitive1 is n some?+ 8dem&$08 ,& :at is ! w>rant t is issu$ = 8 arre/ b ! 8in/itution ( process08 ,if any "o1 !n1 w %[ t a 8claim0 = an alleg$ fugitive1 by process ( law1 to be foll[$ up by pro( 9 support ( ! claim1 & to be consummat$ by judgm5t1 is n a 8suit10 he mu/ %[ t x is n 8! prosecution or support ( a claim20 he mu/ %[ t x is n 8! prosecution ( "s dem& 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice20 he mu/ %[ t x is n 8! lawful dem& ( "o's "r20 nor 8! =m ( prosecut+ 9 trial or judgm5t20 & f9ally1 he mu/ %[ t x is n 8to dem& some?+ by ! in/itution ( process 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice10 & !n 8to cont9ue t dem&0 until judgm5t is r5d]$ = or aga9/ him4 ,b %\ld ! claimant ( a fugitive slave %[ any "o ( ^! f\r ?+s1 he w\ld %[ himself ! way out ( c\rt4 ,& ?is br+s me to ! second proposition1 namely1-- ,! claim = a p]son 8held to s]vice or labor0 is1 9 view ( ! con/itution1 a 8suit at common law40 ,9 a decision be>+ directly on ! "r to a trial by jury1 ! supreme c\rt has def9$ ! phrase 8suits at common law10 9 special ref]5ce to its mean+ 9 ! sev5? am5dm5t to ! con/itution1 :]e ! "r to su* trial1 89 suits at common law10 is secur$4 ,^! are _! words3-- 8,x is well kn[n t 9 civil causes1 9 c\rts ( equity & admiralty1 juries d n int]v5e2 & t c\rts ( equity use ! trial by jury only 9 extraord9>y cases1 to in=m ! consci5ce ( ! c\rt4 ,:51 !re=e1 we f9d t ! sev5? am5dm5t requires t ! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$ 9 suits at common law1 ! natural conclusion is1 t ?is di/9ction 0 pres5t to ! m9ds ( ! fram]s ( ! am5dm5t4 ,by common law !y meant1 :at ! con/itution d5om9at$ 9 ! ?ird article1 #8law2' n m]ely suits1 :i* ! common law recogniz$ among its old & settl$ proce$+s2 b suits1 9 :i* legal rights 7 to be asc]ta9$ & det]m9$1 9 contradi/9ction to ^? 9 :i* equitable rights alone 7 recogniz$1 & equitable rem$ies 7 adm9i/]$1 or 9 :i*1 z 9 ! admiralty1 a mixture ( public law1 & ( m>itime law & equity1 0 (t5 f\nd 9 ! same suit4 ,probably !re 7 few1 if any /ates 9 ! ,union1 9 :i* "s new legal rem$ies1 diff]+ f ! old common law =ms1 7 n 9 use2 b 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! trial by jury int]v5$1 & ! g5]al regulations1 9 o!r respects1 7 accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! common law4 ,proce$+s 9 cases ( p>tition1 & ( =eign & dome/ic atta*m5t1 might be cit$1 z examples1 v>i\sly adopt$ & modifi$4 ,9 a j s5se1 ! am5dm5t1 !n1 may well he con/ru$ to embrace all suits1 :i* are n ( equity or admiralty jurisdiction1 ,,:atev] ,,may ,,be ,,! ,,peculi> ,,=m ,,:i* ,,!y ,,may ,,assume ,,to ,,settle ,,legal ,,rights40--,p>sons vs4 ,b$=d1 #c ,pet]s's ,rep4 #def-eg4 ,"h ! c\rt say1 t ! t]m 8common law10 9 ! sev5? am5dm5t1 meant :at ! con/itution d5om9at$ 9 ! ?ird article1 8law40 ,! ^w 8law0 :i* is "h ref]r$ to1 z conta9$ 9 ! ?ird article1 occurs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 8,! judicial p[] %all ext5d to all cases1 9 law & equity1 aris+ "u ?is con/itution1 ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 c4 ,& ! c\rt decl>e t ! con/itutional "r to a jury trial embraces 8n m]ely suits1 :i* ! common law recogniz$ among its old & settl$ proce$+s1 b suits 9 :i* legal rights 7 to be asc]ta9$ & det]m9$10 9 contradi/9ction f equity & admiralty cases4 ,& 9 ! la/ s5t5ce ( ! decision quot$1 ! c\rt expressly say1 t ! sev5? am5dm5t embraces 8all suits :i* are n ( equity or admiralty jurisdiction1 ,,:atev] ,,may ,,be ,,! ,,peculi> ,,=m ,,:i* ,,!y ,,may ,,assume ,,to ,,settle ,,legal ,,rights40 ,! c\rt say 8,,all40 ,aft] except+ cases ( equity & admiralty jurisdiction1 !y decl>e t ! phrase1 8suits at common law10 embraces all ! re/4 ,!y recognize no hybrid class1 n includ$ "u "o or ano!r ( ^! heads4 ,n[ x has be5 prov$ above1 t a w>rant = ! arre/ ( an alleg$ fugitive1 toge!r ) ! allegations & pro(s "u x1 con/itute a 8suit40 ,& c any ?+ be m cle>1 ?an t a proce$+ :i* decides ! issue1 :e!r a man 8owes0 or does n 8owe20 :i* decides ! issue1 :e!r a man has 8escap$10 or has n 8escap$20 & :i*1 z ! legal consequ5ce ( ^! decisions1 deliv]s "o man into ! cu/ody ( ano!r z 8 slave1 or enl>ges "o man f ! cu/ody ( ano!r because he is n 8 slave1 is1 8:atev] peculi> =m x may assume10 a proce$+ 8to settle a legal "r10--"o ( ! highe/ & mo/ important legal rights t app]ta9 to a man8 ,x is n1 9 legal language1 a "r 8( equity or admiralty jurisdiction10 b exclusively & purely a legal "r1 & no?+ else4 ,! c\rt decl>e ?is to be s1 :atev] peculi> =m ! process may assume4 ,b :at gives peculi> p]t95cy & /r+5cy to ?is decision ( ! c\rt is1 t at common law !re 0 an orig9al writ1 call$ ! writ de hom9e replegi&o1--! writ ( p]sonal replev91 or = replevy+ a man1 by :i* ! "q ( prop]ty 9 a man might be det]m9$4 ,x 0 a writ :i* ! p>ty c\ld sue out ( "r2 "o to be grant$ on motion1 )\t %[+ cause1 & :i* ! c\rt ( *anc]y c\ld n sup]s$e4 ,9 ! v language ( ! supreme c\rt1 x 0 a writ recogniz$ by ! common law1 & is to be f\nd 8among its old & settl$ proce$+s40 ,! =m ( x is conta9$ 9 t great ars5al ( common law writs1 ! ,regi/rum ,brevium4 8,a man10 says ,comyn1 8may h a hom9e replegi&o = a negro1 or = an ,indian br\ght by him into ,engl& & deta9$ f him2 or x may be br\ght by an infant aga9/ 8 te/am5t>y gu>dian2 or by a ville9 aga9/ 8 "l40--7,dig41 title ,imprisonm5t1 ,l4 #d47 ,if ?is writ c\ld be br\ght 8= a negro10 or 8= an ,indian10 by a man :o _h introduc$ him into ,engl&1 & f :om he _h be5 deta9$2 & if1 on ! o!r h&1 x c\ld be br\ght by ! negro1 or by ! ,indian to ga9 8 fre$om1 z 0 cle>ly ! case1 !n x foll[s t ! "q ( a "r to a man1 z well z t ( human fre$om1 0 a "q famili> to ! anci5t common law1 & = ! trial ( :i* a well-kn[n process exi/$ 8among its old & settl$ proce$+s40 ,b ?is anci5t writ1 de hom9e replegi&o1 c>ries ) x1 z e body kn[s1 ! trial by jury1 z mu* z an action ( assault & batt]y1 or ( assumpsit on a promissory note4 ,i h always und]/ood1 t be=e ! revolution1 & be=e ! fram+ ( our con/itution1 ,comyn's ,dige/1 f :i* ! above citation is made1 0 a "w ( ! highe/ au?ority4 ,x mu/ h be5 well kn[n to all ! lawy]s 9 ! conv5tion4 ,c\ld !y h int5d$ t ! m]e fact ( claim+ a man z a slave1--:i* claim might be made aga9/ a freeman z well z aga9/ a slave1--%\ld be suffici5t to deprive him ( ?is anci5t munim5t ( ! subject's lib]ty8 ,x seems impossible6 ,b we are n left to ! broad & g5]al ass]tion1 conta9$ 9 ! case ( ,p>sons vs4 ,b$=d1 t ! sev5? article ( am5dm5t embraces 8all suits0 n ( equity or admiralty jurisdiction1 :atev] ! peculi> =m :i* !y may assume to settle legal rights4 ,au?ority exi/s /ill m po9t$ & direct4 ,9 ,bak] vs4 ,riddle1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,baldw91 "o ( ! judges ( ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 held t x 0 n 9 ! p[] ( ,congress to take away ! "r ( trial by jury1 z secur$ by ! sev5? am5dm5t2 nei!r1-- 8#a4 ,by an organization ( ! c\rts 9 su* a mann] z n to secure x to suitors2 nor1 8#b4 ,by au?oriz+ ! c\rts to ex]cise1 or _! assumption (1 equity or admiralty jurisdiction ov] cases at law40 8,?is am5dm5t10 says he1 8pres]ves ! "r ( jury trial aga9/ any infr+em5t by any dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t40--,baldw9's ,rep4 #djd4 ,n[1 :at are ! tribunals creat$ by ! ,fugitive ,slave law b a new 8organization ( ! c\rts08 or r1 ! creation ( new c\rts1 89 su* a mann] z n to secure1 ! "r ( trial by jury1 to suitors80 ,by x1 ,congress creates tribunals unkn[n to ! common law1 & purports to give !m p[] ov] common law rights4 ,hav+ n[ prov$1 f ! nature ( ! claim 9 controv]sy1--namely1 ! claim ( "o man to ! p]sonal s]vices & ! lib]ty ( ano!r man1 & ! c\nt] claim ( p]sonal lib]ty & ( self-own]%ip1--t ! "r 9 dispute betwe5 ! claimant ( an alleg$ fugitive1 & ! p]son claim$1 is a common law "r2 & t any legal process to det]m9e ?is "r1 8:atev] =m x may assume10 is a 8suit at common law10 x only rema9s1 "u ?is head1 to e/abli% my ?ird po9t1 namely2 ,a claim to any p]son1 z "o 8held to s]vice or labor10 always & necess>ily presumes t 8! value 9 controv]sy exce$s tw5ty doll>s40 ,on ?is po9t1 direct au?ority may be f\nd 9 ! case ( ,lee vs4 ,lee1 #h ,pet]s's ,rep4 #dd4 ,?is 0 an appeal$ case1 :]e by law no appeal c\ld be tak5 unless 8! value 9 controv]sy0 %\ld be 8"o ?\s& doll>s or upw>ds40 ,x 0 object$ t ! appellants1--! petition]s = fre$om1--7 n wor? a ?\s& doll>s4 ,b ! c\rt said1-- 8,! matt] 9 dispute1 9 ?is case1 is ! fre$om ( ! petition]s4 ,! judgm5t ( ! c\rt bel[ is aga9/ _! claim to fre$om2 ! matt] 9 dispute is1 !re=e1 to ! pla9tiffs 9 error1 ! value ( _! fre$om1 & ?is is n susceptible ( a pecuni>y valuation4 ,_h ! judgm5t be5 9 favor ( ! petition]s1 & ! writ ( error br\ght by ! p>ty claim+ to be ! own]1 ! value ( ! slaves z prop]ty w\ld h be5 ! matt] 9 dispute1 & affidavits might be admitt$ to asc]ta9 su* value4 ,b affidavits e/imat+ ! value ( fre$om are entirely inadmissible1 & no d\bt is ent]ta9$ ( ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rt40 ,suppose !re are two claimants = ! same alleg$ fugitive8 ,if 8 m>ket value exce$s tw5ty doll>s1 bo? ( !m h a cle> "r to ! trial by jury4 ,& c x be t a man's "r to 8 own fre$om _c be tri$ by a jury1 :51 if two m5 dispute ab\t 8 value1 ea* may claim ! jury trial1 & _c be d5i$8 ,on ! ?ree po9ts1 !n1 #a4 ,:at con/itutes a common law or 8legal "r20 #b4 ,:at con/itutes 8a suit at common law10 & #c4 ,:at con/itutes 8a value :i* exce$s tw5ty doll>s10--namely2 ! p]sonal lib]ty ( any human be+1 ?\gh he be an infant j born1 or a drivell+ idiot1 or he be /ret*$ ^u 8 dea? b$ ) only ano!r h\r to brea!1--,i tru/ ,i h made out a case :i* entitles a p>ty to trial by jury "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i might "h re/ ! argum5t1 feel+ t1 f au?ority & f reason1 f ! old & "t-honor$ pr9ciples ( ! common law1 z well z f ^? int]pretations ( ! con/itution :i* h be5 giv5 by ! supreme c\rt1 my conclusions are impregnable4 ,b ,i proce$ to notice "s ( ! po9ts tak5 on ! o!r side2 & if ,i %all occasionally adv]t to positions t are obvi\sly too %all[ & fallaci\s = discussion1 x is only because ,i wi% to omit no?+ :i* any "o may ?9k ( importance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is alleg$ t ! :ole =ce ( ! above argum5t1 o!rwise conclusive1 is annull$1 because a slave is no p>ty to ! con/itution1 is n "u its protect+ %ield any m ?an a horse or an ox1 & !re=e1 any provisions1 h[ev] /rong1 secur+ ! jury trial1 are inapplicable to him4 ,a slave1 x is said1 is n "o ( ! 8p0 by :om & = :om ! con/itution 0 =m$4 ,he is an outlaw1 & an outca/4 ,he has no inh]5t or inali5able rights z a man4 ,:at he has1 he has ex gratia1 by ! good w ( ^? :o own him1 body & s\l1 & :o are graci\sly pleas$ to =ego "s ( _! legal rights f g5]osity 9 !mselves1 & n f ju/ice to him4 ,n[1 z x seems to me1 a mo/ obvi\s pr9ciple confutes ?is argum5t utt]ly4 ,by ! laws ( ! free /ates1 we "k no su* be+ z a slave4 ,our c\rts1 9 _! functions z /ate c\rts1 d n und]/& ! mean+ ( ! ^w slave4 ,to talk to !m 9 t capacity ab\t a slave or slav]y1 is talk+ to !m 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,9 ! eye ( ! legislators ( ! free /ates1 & 9 ! eye ( ! c\rts ( ! free /ates1 s f> z _! dome/ic polity is conc]n$1 !re c be no su* creature z a slave4 ,! con/itution ( e free /ate 9 ?is ,union mu/ be fir/ alt]$1 be=e any su* be+ z a slave1 or any su* condition z slav]y1 c be recogniz$ "u !m1 z /ate au?orities4 ,s ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates creates no slaves1 & c create none4 ,nor has x p[] to e/abli% ! condition ( slav]y any :]e4 ,& ,i hold fur!r1 t if ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by es*eat1 by pur*ase1 by execution aga9/ a debtor1 or 9 any o!r way1 %\ld become possess$ ( a slave1 t mom5t he w\ld be free4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c nei!r hold a slave1 nor make valid title to a slave by sale4 ,x is a gov]nm5t ^: p[]s consi/ ( ! grants t h be5 made to x2 & n[h]e1 by no compet5t p>ty1 has any su* grant ev] be5 made4 ,! relation ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to slav]y consi/s 9 ?is1 & 9 ?is alone3 t :5 ?is gov]nm5t 0 creat$1 slav]y exi/$ 9 a portion ( ! /ates2 & by c]ta9 provisions 9 ! con/itution1 ! exi/5ce ( ?is slav]y 0 recogniz$1 & c]ta9 rights & duties 9 relation to x 7 respectively ackn[l$g$ & assum$4 ,b ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has no m p[] to turn a freem5 9 a free /ate into a slave ?an x has to turn a slave 9 a slave /ate into a freeman4 ,! (fic]s ( ! /ate gov]nm5t be+ sworn to support ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! gov]nm5ts ( ! free /ates are implicat$ indirectly 9 ! matt] ( slav]y1 z ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is directly1 & n o!rwise4 ,bo? by ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !n1 & by ! con/itutions ( all ! free /ates1 e man f\nd )9 ! limits ( a free /ate is prima facie ,,free4 ,no matt] :at complexion he may we>1 or :at language he may speak1 he is a free man ,,until "s o!r civil condition is prov$ ^u him1 or until he =feits 8 fre$om by crime4 ,e man1 !re=e1 9 any "o ( ! free /ates ( ?is ,union1 has a "r to /& ^u ?is legal presumption1 & to claim all ! privileges & immunities t gr[ out ( x until 8 presum$ fre$om is wre/$ f him by legal pro(4 ,x is ! mo/ cruel ( sophisms to say1 t because a man is claim$ z a slave1 he is n "u ! protection ( ! con/itution1 & !n to prescribe a base mode ( trial = him1 by :i* he c be prov$ ! ?+ he is claim$ =4 ,on ! subject ( fre$om or slav]y1 we ( ! free /ates "k ( b "o class ( m5 liv+ among u4 ,t class is free4 ,!re is no su* class z slaves kn[n to our laws4 ,nor is !re any int]m$iate class1 :o may be presum$ to be slaves on acc\nt ( _! color1 or :o may be prov$ to be slaves by less evid5ce1 or by an inf]ior k9d ( evid5ce1 because ( color4 ,no axiom is m univ]sal or indisputable1 ?an t ! "r to fre$om 9 a free /ate1 & ! "r to be held & treat$ by ! c\rts z a freeman1 has no relation to complexion4 ,if1 !n1 ^! rights h no relation to complexion1 all :ite m5 may be arbitr>ily presum$ to be slaves1 & be depriv$ ( ! =m ( trial1 secur$ to !m by ! con/itution1 j z well z any color$ man c be4 ,! =m] may j z well be prov$ to be slaves1 on dang]\s1 or on inf]ior1 or on insuffici5t evid5ce1 z ! latt]4 ,no2 ! lib]ty to :i* e man1 ( :atev] color1 9 a free /ate1 is prima facie entitl$1 inve/s him ) its protection1 & ?is inve/iture _c be /ripp$ f him b by ! judgm5t ( 8 pe]s or ! law ( ! l&1--:i*1 z we h be=e se51 means trial by jury4 ,any o!r int]pretation assumes ?is z a po/ulate1 namely1 t !re is a high] or sur] k9d ( trial applicable to freem51 & a l[] or inf]ior mode ( proce$+ applicable to slaves4 ,& ! inhuman inf]5ce f ?is assumption is1 t any man aga9/ :om a t5-doll> commission] may issue a w>rant z a possible slave1 %all =?) be subject$ to ! slave's mode ( trial1 & be utt]ly depriv$ ( ! freeman's mode ( trial2 or1 at ! be/1 t he %all be s5t away a ?\s& miles1 into ano!r jurisdiction1 !re only to h ! slave's mode ( trial4 ,accord+ to ?is =m ( proce$+1 ! fir/ ?+ :i* ! commission] says to 8 victim is1 8,be+ a slave1 y mu/ be tri$ 9 a summ>y mann]40 8,b ,i am n a slave10 assev]ates ! respond5t1 8& ,i claim to be tri$ by my pe]s "u ! gu>anties ( ! con/itution40 8,y are no p>ty to ! con/itution10 rejo9s ! commission]1 8&1 !re=e1 n entitl$ to its %elt]4 ,! con/itution 0 made by ! p1 & = ! p1 & y are n ( !m40 ,!n says ! victim1 8,if ,i c\ld h ! trial due to a freeman1 ,i c\ld prove myself a freeman2 b "u ! =m ( trial aw>d$ to a slave1 ,i may be adjudg$ a slave2 s t my fate is made to dep5d n ^u my rights1 b ^u y\r =m ( proce$+40 8,ev5 if s10 retorts ! m]c5>y m9i/] ( ! law1 8x is b an imp]fection incid5t to human in/itutions4 ,is n "o man's prop]ty sometimes tak5 to pay ano!r man's debts8 & is n "o man sometimes execut$ = ano!r man's murd]8 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ! c\rts ( ju/ice be arraign$1 if a freeman1 in/ead ( a slave1 is sometimes consign$ to bondage80 ,sir1 ! unmi/akable di/9ction lies "h2 t if !re be any diff]5ce betwe5 ! k9d or degree ( pro( applicable to a freeman & t applicable to a slave1 !n1 9 a free /ate1 y mu/ fir/ prove a man to be a slave by freeman's pro(4 ,if ca/ on su* pro(1 !n1 & n till !n1 does he become ! subject ( slave pro(4 ,any ?+ else "u ! =m ( ju/ice is a mock]y ( ju/ice4 ,no man w say t ! 8claim0 imposes any disability ^u ! p]son claim$1 or takes away f him any rights4 ,a man :o has a presumptive "r to 8 lib]ty1 has a p]fect "r to all ! means to prove x4 ,! 8claim0 imposes no obligation to deliv] up1 b ! pro( "u ! claim2 & ?is pro( 9 a case ( 8life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty10 is to be judg$ ( by a jury4 ,! real "q is1 :o is to be deliv]$ up1 a slave or a freeman8 ,if ! p]son arre/$ is prejudg$ to be a slave1 !n !re is no ne$ ( a trial at all4 ,if he is prima facie a freeman1 !n he is entitl$ to ! mo/ p]fect mode ( trial4 ,by ! !ory1 ,i believe1 ( all ! slave /ates b "o1 e p]son ( mat]nal ,african desc5t is presum$ to be a slave4 ,z su*1 8 civil condition is fix$1 special tribunals are con/itut$ to try him1 & he is subject$ to rules ( evid5ce unkn[n to ! common law & nev] appli$ to freem54 ,n[ x w\ld be b ! same k9d ( legal absurdity & prepo/]\sness1 = ! presumptive slave 9 a slave /ate1 to dem& ! =m ( trial1 ! tribunal1 & ! evid5ce1 :i* !re app]ta9 to a freeman1 z x is to subject ! presumptive freeman 9 a free /ate1 to ! =m ( trial1 ! tribunal1 & ! evid5ce1 :i* app]ta9 to a slave4 ,! iniquity ( ! law is1 t x enables a p]jur$ or fictiti\s slave own]1 on pro(s mo/ easily fabricat$1 to seize any individual 9 a free /ate1 & to prejudge him to be a slave1 by ! v =m ( trial :i* ?is law au?orizes4 ,on ! contr>y1 no?+ c be m cle>1 ?an t ! civil condition or /atus ( e man f\nd 9 a free /ate is t ( a free man4 ,8 liv+ "u a free con/itution1 )\t any ?+ m1 inve/s him prima facie ) ?is "*4 ,until dive/$ ( ?is "*1 he cont9ues presumptively a free man4 ,:ile su*1 he is entitl$ to e security :i* ! con/itution gives to a free man4 ,h[ !n c he be subject$ to a trial :i* rev]ses ! :ole law ( presumption 9 favor ( fre$om1 & :i* presumes t he is a slave to beg9 )8 ,?is is n only anticipat+ ! judgm5t at ! comm5cem5t ( ! proce$+s1 b x is anticipat+ ! wor/ judgm5t t c be pass$2 &1 by anticipat+1 procur+ x2 z prophecies (t5 procure _! own fulfilm5t4 ,i put ?is case1 & ,i *all5ge an answ] t %all refute or admit my conclusion3 ,if any "o man 9 a free /ate c be seiz$ & sudd5ly transport$ into bondage "u ?is law1 !n e o!r man also c be2 & !re is n a s+le p]son left 9 any free /ate :o has a "r to a trial by jury to save him f slav]y4 ,i am n n[ speak+ ( ! special dang] to ea* p>ticul> individual1 b ( ! pr9ciple t embraces u all4 ,"u ! mo/ oppressive ( tyrannies !re are p]sons :o are n 9 dang]4 ,b "u su* a law z ?is1 :o c tell :at may happ5 to m5 arre/$ away f home1 to unprotect$ wom51 & to helpless *ildr58 ,d y say t a public s5tim5t & a public wat*fulness exi/1 :i* w\ld protect ! :ites1 ! female1 & ! *ild8 ,i reply1 t we possess our "r to protection "u ! con/itution & laws1 & are n to be turn$ ov] to public s5tim5t or public wat*fulness 9 ord] to enjoy x4 ,suppose an analog\s law to be pass$ respect+ debtor & cr$itor4 ,suppose a law to provide "s new mode ( proce$+ by :i* ! indebt$ness ( a def5dant %\ld be s f> presum$ z to subject him to an inf]ior k9d ( def5ce1 or to transf] 8 case to ano!r k9d ( tribunal1 z f jurors to arbitrators1 to be select$ by ! pla9tiff himself4 ,:o is !re1 ?\gh ?r\gh all 8 life he _h fulfill$ ! apo/olic injunction to 8owe no man any ?+10 t might n be ca/ 9 an action t w\ld /rip him ( all 8 =tune8 ,! law puni%es murd] by dea?4 ,c\ld x "k ) omnisci5t c]ta9ty1 be=eh&1 :o is a murd]]1 x might take f him ! trial by jury )\t (f5ce to ! et]nal pr9ciples ( ju/ice4 ,x is because ! law _c "k ) infallible c]ta9ty1 be=eh&1 :o is a murd]]1 t x provides ! trial by jury to det]m9e ! "q4 ,j s1 because human tribunals _c "k ) c]ta9ty :o is a slave & :o is free1 ! con/itution gives ! trial by jury1 be=e any man 9 a free /ate %all be depriv$ ( 8 fre$om4 ,& ! argum5t1 t if a man be wrongfully consign$ to bondage he may be aft]w>ds re/or$ to fre$om1 is z audaci\s & z tyrannical z to say t an innoc5t man may be hang$ & s5t into ano!r _w z a felon1 because sometimes ! dead h be5 re/or$ to life4 ,x is no answ] to ?is view ( ! case1 to say t all processes1 :e!r civil or crim9al1 are initiat$ on ! supposition t a pecuni>y liability exi/s1 or t a wrong has be5 done4 ,e body kn[s t no presumption ( ?is k9d foll[s ! pla9tiff1 or ! gov]nm5t1 into c\rt4 ,:5 !re1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! law1 ! pla9tiff mu/ e/abli% 8 claim affirmatively4 ,! possible debtor is no long] a debtor4 ,s ! gov]nm5t mu/ prove ! guilt ( ! man x has arraign$4 ,! possible crim9al is no long] a crim9al4 ,9 ! eye ( ! law1 he is z innoc5t z ! unborn *ild4 ,:5 !y claim ! trial by jury1 nei!r pla9tiff nor prosecutor c say1 ,y are n entitl$ to ?is =m ( trial1 because y are presumptively a debtor1 or presumptively an (f5d]4 ,yet ?is is precisely1 & 9 totidem v]bis1 :at ! pro-slav]y argum5t says to ! respond5t :5 he is br\ght be=e ! commission] & put 9 p]il ( 8 fre$om4 ,9 bo? ! cases suppos$1 su* a doctr9e w\ld take away a man's rights 9 ! mo/ odi\s mann]1 by tak+ away ! legitimate & con/itutional means ( def5d+ !m4 ,= ! purpose ( det]m9+ by suit or by prosecution :e!r a man is a debtor or is an (f5d]1 a suit or a prosecution may be comm5c$ aga9/ him1 b nev] = ! purpose ( rais+ a presumption t he is ei!r ! "o or ! o!r1 or to deprive him ( any evid5ce to :i* an un9debt$ or an innoc5t man is entitl$1 or to *ange ! tribunal :i* is to try ! "q ( indebt$ness or ( guilt4 ,if atta*m5t on mesne process1 if ev5 indictm5t by ! gr& inque/ = ! c\nty1 does n deprive a man ( 8 "r to a trial by jury1 h[ c s great a natural wrong be con/itutionally inflict$ by ! w>rant ( a commission]8 ,! presumption t a color$ man is a free man 9 ! free /ates1 is j z /rong z t a man ( pure1 unmix$1 ,anglo-,saxon blood is a free man 9 ! slave /ates2 & w\ld !y tol]ate ! doctr9e = a mom5t t any p]fectly pure-blood$ :ite p]son c\ld be trans=m$ into a slave1 & z su* s5t f 8 own /ate into ano!r1 "u ?is law8 ,nay m2 w\ld any slave claimant at ! s\? be all[$ to g into a slave /ate1 & seize ^u a pret5d$ fugitive :om ano!r man might claim to own1 "u su* a process z is n[ suffici5t1 9 a free /ate1 to au?orize ! tak+ & c>ry+ away ( ! same individual8 ,b to ! argum5t1 t ! con/itution & ! law ( #ahej apply only to slaves1 & t because slaves are n p>ties to ! con/itution !y are n "u its protection1 & s n includ$ 9 ! provision = jury trial1 !re is ano!r answ] p]fectly fatal4 ,x is ?is3 ! con/itution does n enum]ate ! v>i\s classes ( crim9als :o %all be entitl$ to trial by jury2 b ) ! exception ( cases ( impea*m5t1 & cases 9 ! milit>y & naval s]vice1 x expressly decl>es z foll[s3 8,! trial ( all crimes %all be by jury40 ,& also1 8,9 all crim9al prosecutions1 ! accus$ %all enjoy ! "r to a spe$y & public trial by an imp>tial jury10 c4 ,! "r1 !re=e1 is n made to dep5d ^u ! classes ( p]sons on trial1 b ^u ! nature ( ! *>ge br\ght aga9/ !m4 ,! con/itution does n say t freem5 %all be tri$ 9 "o way & slaves 9 ano!r2 b its language is1 8all crimes10 & 8all crim9al prosecutions20 s t x embraces e p]son :o is prosecut$1 :e!r free or slave1 citiz5 or =eign]1 ,jew or ,g5tile4 ,if an ,engli%man or a ,fr5*man 7 to be tri$ "h = murd]1 h[ w\ld ! :ole _w d]ide ! sugge/ion t he %\ld n h a jury trial because he is a =eign]1--because he is n "o ( ! 8p10 & s n a p>ty to ! con/itution6 ,s ! con/itution does n say1 9 suits betwe5 m]*ant & m]*ant1 or betwe5 l&lord & t5ant1 & s =?1 8! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$20 b x says1 8,9 suits at common law1 :]e ! value 9 controv]sy %all exce$ tw5ty doll>s40 ,! "r is n det]m9$ by ! "* ( ! litigants1 b by ! nature ( ! action4 ,! con/itution does n c>e :o ! p>ties are1--man1 woman1 bond or free1--x is all ! same4 ,z soon z p>ties appe> ^u ! record1 ! "r to trial by jury atta*es4 ,! suit1 & n ! civil condition ( ! litigants :o in/itut$ or :o def5d x1 te/s & det]m9es ! jury "q4 ,9 ! case ( ,lee vs4 ,lee1 be=e cit$1 ! law all[$ an appeal only 9 case ! sum 9 controv]sy %\ld am\nt to "o ?\s& doll>s4 ,! appellant 0 ( ,african desc5t1 & !re=e1 )9 t jurisdiction1 presumptively a slave2 n presumptively a freeman1 z e man is 9 a free /ate2 &1 if a slave1 !n he c\ld own no prop]ty2 =1 by ! cruel law ( slav]y1 e ma/] may rob 8 slave legally ( all t he e>ns1 or f9ds1 or o!rwise receives4 ,yet ! supreme c\rt su/a9$ ! appeal4 ,:y 0 n s a/ute an exception z ?is !n tak58--an exception :i*1 if !y h a b> 9 ,p&emonium1 w\ld h done honor to "o ( its c\nsellors4 ,:y 0 x n said t a slave 0 no p>ty to ! law1 & !re=e n entitl$ to its b5efits8 ,no reason c be assign$ :y a slave is n z mu* "u ! protection ( a con/itution made = ! 8p10 z "u ! protection ( a law made = ! 8p40 ,yet "h1 ev5 9 ! case ( a presumptive slave1 a "r 0 ackn[l$g$1 :i* "s freem51 9 free /ates1 d5y to presumptive freem54 ,i h "h be5 combat+ ! argum5t1 t because ! ,fugitive ,slave law is aim$ at slaves1 no freeman has any gr\nd ( compla9t aga9/ x1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld be conv]t$ into a *attel "u x4 ,he mu/ console himself "u ! doom ( int]m9able bondage1 ) ! patriotic & pi\s reflection t he is only suff]+1 z an exception1 to prove ! g5]al excell5ce ( ! law2 & he mu/ leave ?is consolation also to 8 enslav$ *ildr54 ,=1 9 8 case1 x is said t et]nal slav]y is only "o ( ^? exceptions 9 ! work+ ( ! law :i* proves ! rule ( its g5]al excell5ce4 ,?is argum5t ,i hold to be em95tly sophi/ical & cruelly oppressive4 ,b if any "o believes x to be a s\nd argum5t1 !n ,i hold him to all fair d$uctions result+ f x1--( :i* ! foll[+ is cle>ly "o3-- ,on ! same gr\nd on :i* ,congress passes a law = escap$ slaves1 let e free /ate pass a law = resid5t freem54 ,! presumption 9 e free /ate be+1 t all m5 )9 its bord]s are free1 let e su* /ate give ! trial by jury1 9 all cases 9 :i* p]sonal lib]ty is involv$1 to e "o :o %all ask = x1 & :o has n once _h x 9 a litigation ) ! same p>ty1 on ! same subject-matt]4 ,accord+ to ! argum5t ,i h be5 consid]+1 no slavehold] c compla9 ( su* a law2 =1 by its v t]ms1 x applies only to freem54 ,! law ( ,congress apply+ only to slaves1 & ! suppos$ /ate law apply+ only to freem51 !re is no conflict betwe5 !m4 ,& if1 by accid5t or mi/ake1 any real slave %\ld take %elt] "u su* a /ate law1 & %\ld escape a life ( horrible bondage1 x w be only "o ( ^? mi/akes :i* may arise "u ! pure/ adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,x w answ] q z well z its c\nt]p>t case1 to /& z "o ( ^? exceptions 9 ! work+ ( a rule :i* prove its g5]al excell5ce4 ,if ! occasional subjection ( a freeman in/ead ( a slave1 to all ! horrors ( bondage1 con/itutes no valid objection to ! ,unit$ ,/ates law1 !n1 surely1 ! occasional enfran*isem5t ( a slave f a bondage t 0 always unju/ & cruel1 %\ld con/itute no objection to ! law ( ! free /ate4 ,if ?is ,fugitive ,slave law cont9ues = a s+le ye>1 ,i hope e free /ate w pass a law inflict+ condign puni%m5t ^u e man :o directly or indirectly assi/s 9 s5d+ any man into s\!rn bondage1 unless he c prove be=e a jury t ! man s s5t 0 a slave4 ,s f>1 ,i h consid]$ ! "q1 :e!r a fair int]pretation ( ! con/itution does n secure ! jury trial 9 e free /ate1 to an alleg$ fugitive1 & emp[] him to dem& x z a matt] ( "r4 ,b ?is is a /range "q to discuss 9 a republican gov]nm5t4 ,! prop] "q is1 n :e!r ! con/itution expressly dem&s ! jury trial1 b :e!r x w1 by any fair implication1 all[ x4 ,! only po9t :i* a republican judge or citiz5 c1 ) dec5cy1 make on ?is subject is1 ,does ! con/itution =bid1 prohibit1 d5y1 su* trial8--=1 if x does n1 !n ! jury %\ld be grant$ ( c\rse4 ,9 a free c\ntry1 "u a free gov]nm5t1 :]e ! idea has become traditional1 :]e ! doctr9e has become a h\sehold doctr9e1 t ! trial by jury is ! palladium ( our civil & religi\s lib]ties1 is x n amaz+ t we %\ld f9d m5 :o seem eag] to avoid ?is =m ( trial1 r ?an zeal\s to grasp x8 ,x is ! sadde/ ( spectacles2 x argues ! mo/ m\rnful deg5]acy1 to see ! *ildr5 at ?is e>ly day1 f grovell+ notions ( ambition & ( weal?1 ab&on+ ^? noble pr9ciples ( fre$om = :i* _! fa!rs s lately %$ _! blood4 ,:]ev] ! con/itution all[s ! trial by jury1 9 a matt] ( human lib]ty1 9 ,heav5's "n let u h x4 ,let ,russia & ,au/ria curtail & d5y ?is privilege ( freem52 let ! tyrant1 & ! tyrant's m9ions among ourselves1 explore ! mu/y records ( d>k] times1 to f9d prec$5ts aga9/ x2 let !m /rive1 by _! %all[ sophi/ries & plausibilities1 to gloss ov] ?is ravi%+ ( lib]ty & life f be+s creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god2 b let e true republican1 :5ev]1 9 ! disposal ( ^! mom5t\s int]e/s1 ! con/itution w1 by fair con/ruction1 sanction x1 cl+ to ! trial by jury1 z to ! only plank t w save him1--ay1 ! only "o t w save ! human race1--f be+ aga9 +ulf$ 9 ! vortex ( despotism4 ,! enemy ( ! trial by jury1 :]ev] human lib]ty is conc]n$1 is ! enemy ( human lib]ty & ( ! human race4 ,! fri5ds ( a repeal ( ?is law1 !n1 ne$ n discuss ! "q :e!r ! con/itution does expressly conf] ! "r ( trial by jury ^u ! alleg$ fugitive1 = x is en\gh = !m if ! con/itution does n take x away4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t 9 bo? ( ! bankrupt laws pass$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x 0 expressly provid$1 t :5 ! commission]s %\ld decl>e any p]son to be a bankrupt1 he %\ld h ! "r to a trial by jury to annul _! decision4 ,?us1 :5 ! law propos$1 n to appropriate a man's prop]ty1 b m]ely to enable 8 cr$itors to receive x 9 paym5t ( _! debts1 ! jury trial 0 secur$ to him2 b "h1 :]e ! direct purpose is to /rip a man ( 8 lib]ty1 & ( 8 prop]ty 9 himself1 ! jury trial is d5i$4 ,?is seems an appropriate place to consid] ! fur!r irrelevant sugge/ion1 sometimes obtrud$1 namely1 t an alleg$ fugitive is n depriv$ ( a trial by jury1 because he may h x 9 ! /ate to :i* he is c>ri$4 ,"h ! pro-slav]y advocate admits1 at lea/ = argum5t's sake1 t ! alleg$ fugitive has a "r1 at "s "t1 & "s :]e1 to ! jury trial4 ,if s1 !n !re are num]\s & p[]ful reasons :y ?is trial %\ld be _h 9 ! /ate 9 :i* he is f\nd1 r ?an 9 t to :i* he may be transport$4 ,i w adv]t to a few ( ^! reasons4 #a4 ,slaves are held to be p]sonal prop]ty4 ,trov] lies = _! value :]e !y h be5 unlawfully conv]t$4 ,trespass is ! rem$y = an injury done to !m4 ,accord+ to ! laws ( all ! slave /ates1 !y are ! subject ( l>c5y4 ,suits to recov] !m1 or to recov] damages = an injury done to !m1 are p]sonal actions2 & 9 p]sonal actions x is requir$1 by all ! prec$5ts & all ! analogies ( ! common law1 t ! action %\ld be tri$ 9 ! jurisdiction :]e ! writ is s]v$4 ,by ! common law1 p]sonal actions are transitory4 ,!y are to be br\ght :]e ! def5dant resides2 or1 at lea/1 :]e ! prop]ty :i* is claim$ lies4 ,9 ! case ( an alleg$ slave1 bo? ! def5dant & ! prop]ty are :]e he is f\nd4 ,accord+ to ! usages & pr9ciples ( ! common law1 !re=e1 ! trial %\ld be !re4 #b4 ,be=e trial & judgm5t1 ! p>ties are l any o!r p>ties be=e ! c\rt1 or !y %\ld be s4 ,! claimant /&s ^u ! m]its ( 8 claim2 ! respond5t ^u ^? ( 8 def5ce4 ,x may be inconv5i5t = a ,texan claimant to prove 8 "r to an alleg$ fugitive 9 ,massa*usetts2 b x w be indef9itely m inconv5i5t = a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts to prove 8 fre$om 9 ,texas4 ,if ! trial is 9 ,massa*usetts1 & ! pla9tiff prevails1 he takes imm$iate possession ( 8 slave1 & is inve/$ at once ) all ! rights :i* ! rigors ( ! slave law s abundantly give4 ,b if ! trial is 9 ,texas1 :i!r ! def5dant has be5 =cibly exil$1 & !re he prevails1 :o is to reimburse or recomp5se him = 8 int]m$iate bondage2 = be+ dragg$ f 8 home2 torn f wife1 *ildr51 & fri5ds2 = be+ plung$1 p]haps = ye>s1 into ! hell ( slav]y itself1 ) all ! untold agonies ( an appreh5d$ slav]y = life8 ,:at ,judge ,/ory says respect+ ! "r ( all p]sons :o are accus$ ( crime to be tri$ by a 8jury ( ! /ate & di/rict :]e9 ! crime %all h be5 committ$10 applies ) full =ce to a trial = lib]ty4 8,! object ( ?is clause10 says he1 8is to secure ! p>ty accus$ f be+ dragg$ to trial 9 "s di/ant /ate1 away f 8 fri5ds1 & witnesses1 & neighborhood40 8,besides ?is10 he cont9ues1 8a trial 9 a di/ant /ate or t]ritory might subject ! p>ty to ! mo/ oppressive exp5ses1 or p]haps ev5 to ! inability ( procur+ ! prop] witnesses to e/abli% 8 innoc5ce40 7#c ,com4 #fed47 ,= 8innoc5ce0 read lib]ty1 & ! argum5t 9 behalf ( ! alleg$ crim9al becomes applicable to ! alleg$ fugitive4 ,& :y %\ld ! alleg$ fugitive be treat$ less m]cifully ?an ! alleg$ felon8 ,! law is unspeakably rigor\s 9 ! case ( an alleg$ fugitive1 b s(t5s into m]cy ov] an alleg$ pirate or murd]]4 ,if ! trial1 !n1 is :]e all ! practice & pr9ciples ( ! common law indicate t x %\ld be1 no great or irrep>able injury is done2 no inconv5i5ce ev5 is suff]$ beyond t :i* is always suff]$ 9 en=c+ a claim 9 a =eign & di/ant jurisdiction4 ,b if a freem5 is c>ri$ away1 a griev\s & intol]able wrong is done2 a w\nd is inflict$ :i* mortal m$icam5ts _c heal1 nor ! longe/ cont9u$ puni%m5t ( ! malefactor ev] expiate4 #c4 ,by transf]r+ ! trial to ! place ( ! claimant's domicile1 an effective1 &1 z x seems to me1 a mo/ iniquit\s advantage is giv5 him1 9 reg>d to evid5ce1 :ile ! respond5t is subject$ to cruel disabilities4 ,by ! laws ( all b "o or two ( ! slave /ates1 p]sons ( ,african desc5t1 :e!r slave or free1 are decl>$ incompet5t witnesses aga9/ :ite m54 ,! freeman1 !n1 by be+ remov$ z a fugitive into a slave /ate1 may lose 8 evid5ce1 :i*1 "u su* circum/ances1 is ! loss ( 8 lib]ty4 ,?is violation1 !re=e1 ( ! pr9ciples ( ! common law1 9 reg>d to ! place ( trial1 is1 to him1 ( ! mo/ mom5t\s consequ5ce4 ,x is n true1 !n1 9 any j s5se1 t ! trial by jury is /ill 8pres]v$0 to ! alleg$ fugitive1 not)/&+ 8 removal to a slave /ate4 ,! common law trial1 z inclusive ( ! "r to adduce common law evid5ce1 is n 8pres]v$40 #d4 ,b n only is ! evid5ce diff]5t1 b1 9 "s ( ! slave /ates1 ! law itself is diff]5t2 s t "o man may c>ry ano!r by =ce into a jurisdiction :]e ! law w acc\nt him a slave1 :51 _h he be5 tri$ :]e he 0 f\nd1 ! law w\ld decl>e him free1--! facts 9 bo? cases be+ ! same4 ,take ! law ( ,k5tucky1 = in/ance1--& ,i ref] to ?is /ate because its slave code is ( a mild] type ?an t ( mo/ ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 its dreadful rigors be+ mitigat$ by an infusion ( m humanity4 ,by ! laws ( ,k5tucky1 a ma/] may c>ry a slave 9 transitu1 ?r\gh a free /ate1 or he may all[ 8 slave to g tempor>ily into a free /ate1 )\t a =feiture ( ! legal "r to hold him4 ,graham vs4 ,/rad] ,gorman1 #e ,b54 ,munroe1 #agc1 7#ahdd27 ,davis vs4 ,t+le et al41 #h ,b54 ,munroe1 #ede1 7#ahdh27 ,coll9s vs4 ,am]ica1 #i ,b54 ,munroe1 #efe1 7#ahdi27 ,bu%e's ,reps4 vs4 ,:ite1 #c ,munroe1 #ajd2 ,rank9 vs4 ,lydia1 #b ,a4 ,k4 ,m>%all1 #dfh1 7#ahbj47 ,9 ,massa*usetts c]ta9ly1 & ,i suppose 9 mo/ ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 all su* cases w\ld be decid$ 9 favor ( ! respond5t4#bj ,n[1 :at great] outrage c be inflict$ ^u a man ?an to seize1 & b9d1 & c>ry him into a =eign jurisdiction1 :]e n only is ! evid5ce diff]5t1 by :i* 8 rights may be prov$1 b :]e ! law also is diff]5t1 by :i* 8 rights are to be adjudicat$4 ,9 ,holl&1 ! kill+ ( a /ork once 01 if x be n n[1 puni%able ) dea?2 because ?is bird dev\rs ! animals t w\ld o!rwise bore ?r\gh & und]m9e its ocean-b>r+ dikes4 ,9 a neighbor+ c\ntry1 ! kill+ ( a /ork may n be m]ely blameless1 b praisewor?y4 ,:at an atrocity x w\ld be to seize a man 9 ! latt] c\ntry1 & c>ry him to ,holl& to be tri$ & execut$ = do+ an act :i*1 accord+ to ! law ( ! place :]e he _h a "r to be tri$1 may h be5 n only innoc5t1 b laudable6 ,i leave y1 sir1 to make ! application4 #e4 ,b :at mu/ %ock e man :o possesses any j appreciation ( ! value ( human lib]ty1 or has any j p]ception ( ! pr9ciples on :i* x is f\nd$1 is1 t "u ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 ! pla9tiff gets possession & control n only ( ! *attel or article ( prop]ty claim$1 b ( ! def5dant himself4 ,he gets comm&1 n only ( ! ?+ 9 litigation1 b ( ! body & s\l ( ! litigant4 ,a ,bo/on or ,new ,york m]*ant w\ld consid] x a griev\s h>d%ip1 if a s\!rn adv5tur] c\ld g !re & seize ^u all 8 prop]ty1 transport x to ,mobile1 or ,new ,orleans1 & compel ! own] to foll[ x & try title to x1 9 ! place ( ! captor's domicile4 ,/ill m griev\s w\ld ! h>d%ip become1 if1 "u ! new jurisdiction1 ! def5dant might be depriv$ ( ! evid5ce :i*1 at home1 w\ld be decisive ( 8 rights1 or f9d himself controll$ by adv]se laws :i* he nev] _h help$ to frame4 ,b :at an extreme ( b>b>\s tyranny w\ld x be1 if1 beyond all ^! enormities1 ! s\!rn pla9tiff c\ld seize him too1--! def5dant himself1--! alleg$ debtor1--& grasp him 9 8 own iron h&1 obta9+ supreme control ov] 8 body by =ce1 & ov] 8 m9d by fe>2 c\ld comm& 8 p[]s ( locomotion1 s t he c\ld g only :]e ! w ( 8 ma/] w\ld p]mit2 c\ld control 8 spee* & 8 vision1 s t he c\ld consult ) no c\nsel1 & c\ld see no fri5d b su* z 7 9 8 ma/]'s pay2 &1 to en=ce 8 au?ority1 c\ld imprison him1 & />ve him1 & sc\rge him1 & mutilate him1 if he b s mu* z utt]$ a :isp] t he _h a "r to h a trial by 8 c\ntry1 or op5$ 8 lips 9 pray] to ,god to break ! fett]s ( 8 iniquit\s bondage6 ,to tamp] ) ! witnesses ( ! adv]se p>ty1 or endeavor to suborn 8 c\nsel to violate _! duty to _! cli5t1 is n only an act ( ! grosse/ bas5ess1 b w\ld subject ! (f5d] to p5al retribution4 ,yet :at ne$ w\ld !re ev] be ( corrupt+ witnesses or suborn+ c\nsel1 if a p>ty c\ld get bodily possession & absolute control ( 8 antagoni/ himself8 ,does n e "o see t1 9 n9ety-n9e cases 9 a hundr$1 a control ov] ! def5dant's p]son & w w\ld be a control ov] 8 case8 ,8 rights w\ld be lo/ 9 8 en=c$ disability to def5d !m4 ,y might z well put out a man's eyes1 & !n talk ( 8 "r 9 ! common sunlight4 ,9 ,baltimore1 or ,l\isville1 a kidnapp$ freeman might f9d an opportunity ( self-r$emption2 b su* a captive w nev] be c>ri$ to ,baltimore or ,l\isville4 ,he w be s5t to "s int]ior region1 p]haps fifty miles f any c\rt1 or ! resid5ce ( any c\nsel1 :]e he may nev] h an opportunity to speak to a :ite man unless x be to a taskma/]1 :o is paid to gu>d & to sil5ce him4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,f$]ali/ deem$ ! pr9ciple ( exclud+ an int]e/$ p>ty f all p[] ( decid+ 8 own cause to be s important1 t !y laid d[n ! foll[+ doctr9e3 8,no man ought c]ta9ly to be a judge 9 8 own cause1 or 9 any cause1 9 respect to :i* he has ! lea/ int]e/ or bias40 7,no4 #hj47 ,yet ! only *ance :i* ! ,fugitive ,slave law all[s to a freeman1 :5 c>ri$ into bondage1 is t :i* he may ex]cise :ile "u ! absolute control ( 8 robb] ma/]4 ,b m ?an ?is3 ! law imposes no obligation ^u ! claimant to c>ry 8 victim to ! /ate he is *>g$ to h escap$ f4 ,a man *>g$ to h escap$ f ,texas may be c>ri$ to ,florida4 ,nay1 he may n be c>ri$ to any /ate 9 ?is ,union2 b may be s5t to ,cuba or ,brazil2 beyond hope1 & into ! out] d>kness ( despair4 ,all ! argum5ts :i* ,i h ev] he>d1 or se51 on ?is po9t1 gratuit\sly assume1 t ! p]sons reclaim$ & transport$ w h an hone/ ma/]1 be surr\nd$ by k9d fri5ds1 & h a lawy] at h& :om !y c consult ) e day1 & money 9 _! pockets to fee him4 ,w\ld su* be ! case ( a kidnapp$ freeman8 ,w\ld a wret*1 vile en\gh to rob a man ( 8 lib]ty1 c>ry him five hundr$ or a ?\s& miles1 & !n g to a %ire t[n dur+ a session ( ! c\rt1 & give 8 pret5d$ slave a purse ( money ) :i* to fee a lawy] = inve/igat+ 8 "r to fre$om8 ,no6 ! man :o kn[s1 or suspects1 t he has seiz$ a freeman1 or t 8 victim ev5 believes himself to be a freeman1 & w put ! claimant to ! tr\ble & exp5se ( a trial1 w plunge t freeman into ! abyss ( bondage1 :]e no ray ( hope may ev] rea* him1 & :]e 8 voice w be hu%$ z 9 ! sil5ce ( dea?4 ,ano!r objection to ! ,fugitive ,slave law is1 t x conf]s judicial p[] ^u p]sons :o are n judges4 ,"h we are n left to inf]5ce or con/ruction1 b c /& on ! pla9 words ( ! con/itution4 ,! ?ird article decl>es1-- 8,! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be ve/$ 9 "o supreme c\rt1 & 9 su* inf]ior c\rts z ! ,congress may f "t to "t orda9 & e/abli%4 ,! judges bo? ( ! supreme & inf]ior c\rts %all hold _! (fices dur+ good behavior1 & %all at /at$ times receive = _! s]vices a comp5sation :i* %all n be dim9i%$ dur+ _! cont9uance 9 (fice40--,art4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,"h ,i hold x to be cle> beyond dispute1 t ! 8judges0 m5tion$ 9 ! second s5t5ce ( ! above section are ! memb]s ( ! 8supreme c\rt0 & 8inf]ior c\rts0 m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ section1 & no o!r4 ,if s1 !n !re c be no d\bt ab\t ! t5ure ( _! (fice1 & ! mode ( _! appo9tm5t1 comp5sation1 & removal4 ,by sec4 #b1 ( ,art4 ,,ii41 ! ,presid5t 8%all nom9ate1 & by & ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate %all appo9t10 8judges ( ! supreme c\rt1 & all o!r (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: appo9tm5ts are n h]e9 o!rwise provid$ =1 & :i* %all be e/abli%$ by law40 ,! appo9tm5t ( no judge ( any c\rt is 8o!rwise provid$ = 9 ! con/itution20 & !re=e ! appo9tm5t ( all ! judges 9 :om 8! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ve/$10 belongs by ! con/itution to ! ,presid5t & ,s5ate2 & ?is 8judicial p[]0 _c be delegat$ to1 nor ex]cis$ by1 any p]sons n s appo9t$4 ,! c\rts may appo9t 8inf]ior (fic]s10 su* z cl]ks1 cri]s1 or ma/]s 9 *anc]y2 b ^! are n 8judges20 nor w\ld any "o ( !m s+ly1 nor any numb] ( !m associat$ toge!r1 con/itute a 8c\rt10 )9 ! mean+ ( ! fir/ section ( ! ?ird article4 ,7 su* ! case1 !n !y might h p[] to appo9t 8inf]ior (fic]s10 & s on1 by sub-delegation1 indef9itely4 ,! con/itution also def9es :at x means by 8judicial p[]40 ,x says1 8,! judicial p[] %all ext5d to all cases 9 law & equity aris+ "u ?is con/itution1 ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 c4 ,n[1 my objection is1 t ! ,fugitive ,slave law requires ! creation ( a l>ge body ( (fic]s :o are n 8judges10 b :om x purports to inve/ ) 8judicial p[]s40 ,!y are n 8judges10 because !y are n nom9at$ by ! ,presid5t & confirm$ by ! ,s5ate1 z all 8judges0 mu/ be4 ,!y are n 8judges0 aga91 because1 if !y 71 !y mu/ hold _! (fices 8dur+ good behavior40 ,b ! commission]s may be unmade on ! day !y are made4 8,judges0 c be remov$ only by conviction1 on impea*m5t4 ,commission]s may be remov$ by ! c\rt t appo9t$ !m4 ,n ! ,presid5t1 nor ! ,s5ate1 nor bo? toge!r1 c remove a judge1 unless by ! initiatory & concurr5t action ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,an 8inf]ior c\rt0 c eject a commission] )\t notice4 ,ev5 if ,congress _h decl>$1 by express words1 t ! commission]s appo9t$ by ! circuit & di/rict c\rts %\ld be tak5 & held to be 8judges10 x w\ld n make !m s2 = ,congress _c delegate any p[] to judges to appo9t judges1 nor to c\rts to make c\rts4 ,if ,congress c\ld n d ?is by express enactm5t1 h[ c x d s by implication8 ,commission]s are n 8judges10 also1 because no p]son c be a 8judge0 :o is n entitl$1 8at /at$ times1 to receive = 8 s]vices a comp5sation :i* %all n be dim9i%$ dur+ 8 cont9uance 9 (fice40 ,?is provision necessitates ! conclusion t all 8judges0 mu/ be entitl$ to sal>ies payable p]iodically4 ,^! sal>ies are 9 no case to dep5d ^u ! am\nt or ! quality ( _! labors1--f> less1 if possible1 ^u _! decid+ ! cases t are br\ght be=e !m = ! pla9tiff or = ! def5dant4 ,"o 8judge0 may h an enviable reputation = tal5t & integrity1 & ?us attract suitors to 8 c\rt4 ,ano!r may be z corrupt z ,"l ,jeffries1 & repel all hone/ litigants f him4 ,b1 9 ei!r case1 he has a "r to a comp5sation :i* %all n be dim9i%$ dur+ 8 cont9uance 9 (fice4 ,ea* ye> gives him a def9ite1 un*ang$ sum ( money4 ,b ! commission] is paid by fees1 & ! am\nt ( 8 fees dep5ds p>tly ^u ! numb] ( cases he decides1 & p>tly also ^u ! p>ty 9 ^: favor he decides4 ,if he decides t a man is free1 he receives five doll>s4 ,if he decides t he is a slave1 he receives t54 ,if ! commission] is acceptable to slave hunt]s1 suitors multiply4 ,if obnoxi\s to !m1 8 docket is b>e ( a case4 ,he is entitl$ to 8 comp5sation1 n 8at /at$ times10 b on ! det]m9ation ( ea* case4 ,8 comp5sation may be dim9i%$1 or x may cease altoge!r1 dur+ 8 cont9uance 9 (fice4 ,ea* ye> does n give him any def9ite1 un*ang$ sum ( money4 ,! 8judge0 mu/ be paid by ! gov]nm5t1 & is indep5d5t ( all ! p>ties be=e 8 c\rt4 ,! commission] is nev] to be paid by ! gov]nm5t1 b is :olly dep5d5t = 8 fees ^u ! claimant ^: case he tries4 ,! gov]nm5t gu>anties ! paym5t ( ! 8judge10 b x c nev] inquire or "k :e!r ! commission] be paid or n4 ,by ! six? article ( ! con/itution1 all 8judicial (fic]s0 mu/ make oa? or affirmation t !y w support ! con/itution4 ,b !re is no law requir+ ^! commission]s to take an oa?2 & z a matt] ( practice1 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry at lea/1 x is kn[n t !y take no su* oa?4 ,n[1 by ! act1 a portion ( ! 8judicial p[]0 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! :ole ( :i* is1 by ! con/itution1 ve/$ 9 "o 8supreme c\rt10 & 9 8inf]ior c\rts10 is giv5 to ! commission]s4 ,! f\r? section says !y 8%all h concurr5t jurisdiction ) ! judges ( ! circuit & di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,if ! p[] ( ^! c\rts1 9 ! premises1 is judicial1 !n ! p[] ( ! commission]s1 be+ ! same1 is judicial4 ,! attorney-g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 a writt5 op9ion1 giv5 by comm& ( ! ,presid5t1 decl>es t ?is p[]1 s giv5 to ! commission]s1 is judicial4 ,! foll[+ are 8 words3-- 8,^! (fic]s1 ! commission]s1 & ea* ( !m1 h judicial p[]1 & jurisdiction to he>1 exam9e1 & decide ! case40 8,! c]tificate to be grant$ to ! own] is to be reg>d$ z ! act & judgm5t ( a judicial tribunal hav+ compet5t jurisdiction40 8,congress has con/itut$ a tribunal ) exclusive jurisdiction to det]m9e summ>ily1 & )\t appeal1 :o are fugitives f s]vice4 ,! judgm5t ( ! tribunal creat$ by ?is act is conclusive ^u all tribunals40 ,su* is ! op9ion ( ! attorney-g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 giv5 ^u ! precise po9t1 by ord] ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ! po9t ne$$ no au?ority to su/a9 x4 ,x results inevitably f ! v nature ( ! p[] conf]r$ by ! law4 ,! decision ( ! commission] is to be f9al & conclusive1 & ! subject-matt] ( ! decision is lib]ty & prop]ty4 ,! case _c be rehe>d or rexam9$ by any judge1 or by any c\rt1 ( any /ate1 or ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! decision acts 9 rem & 9 p]sonam4 ,x deliv]s ! prop]ty to ! claimant1 & puts ! body ( ! def5dant into 8 cu/ody4 ,f t mom5t1 if ! law has any validity1 ! def5dant is ! slave ( ! pla9tiff1 by =ce ( a 8judicial0 decision4 ,! pla9tiff1 !nce=?1 may control 8 actions1 8 words1 8 food1 8 sleep4 ,if he *ooses to ex]cise 8 au?ority 9 su* a way1 he c ord] 8 victim to c>ry him home on 8 back1 & make him be> ! loa?some burd5 ( 8 p]son z well z ( 8 w4 ,n[1 to say t ! p[] :i* effects ^! results is n a judicial p[]1 is to d viol5ce to language1 & to commit a fraud ^u ! inh]5t nature ( ideas4 ,9 no case kn[n to ! common law1 or inde$ to any o!r law1 is a pla9tiff inve/$ ) full rights1 except aft] f9al judgm5t4 ,if1 !n1 ?is p[] is a 8judicial p[]10 ! con/itution p]emptorily =bids t x %\ld be ve/$ any :]e b 9 a 8c\rt10 ^: 8judges0 are nom9at$1 confirm$1 sworn1 hold (fice1 are paid1 & are removable1 accord+ to its requirem5ts4 ,look at ! con/itutional di/ribution ( p[]s4 ,by ! fir/ article1 all legislative p[] 8%all be ve/$ 9 a ,congress40 ,by ! second article1 ! 8executive p[] %all be ve/$ 9 a ,presid5t40 ,& by ! ?ird article1 8! judicial p[] %all be ve/$0 9 ! c\rts4 ,& x 0 j z compet5t = ,congress to inve/ 8commission]s0 ) supreme 8executive0 or 8legislative0 p[]1 z to ve/ !m ) 8judicial0 p[]4 ,if1 by good =tune1 or by miracul\s int]position1 a captur$ freeman %\ld aft]w>ds obta9 a he>+ 9 a c\rt ( ! /ate to :i* he _h be5 c>ri$1 su* he>+ w\ld1 9 no s5se1 be 9 ! nature ( a review ( ! =m] case1 ei!r by appeal1 writ ( error1 m&amus1 or c]tior>i4 ,x w\ld be by ! in/itution ( ano!r suit1 "u ano!r gov]nm5t4 ,! relation ( ! p>ties w\ld be rev]s$4 ,! respond5t :o 0 kidnapp$ mu/ be pla9tiff1 ! pla9tiff kidnapp]1 or "s "o claim+ "u him1 mu/ be def5dant4 ,7 ! v>i\s possessory writs kn[n to ! ,engli% common law any ! less 8suits at common law08 or 7 ! c\rts t tri$ !m any ! less judicial tribunals1 because a writ ( "r c\ld be aft]w>ds br\ght1 9 :i* ! previ\s judgm5ts c\ld n be plead$ 9 b>1 & w\ld be nei!r e/oppel nor pro( ( title8 ,b to avoid ! =ce ( ?is1 x has be5 said1 t ! proce$+s be=e ! commission] d n con/itute a 8case10 )9 ! mean+ ( ! second section ( ! ?ird article1 :i* ext5ds ! 8judicial p[]0 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to all 8cases0 9 law & equity4 ,in/ead ( be+ a 8case10 x is said to be only a summ>y inquiry1 design$ to op]ate z a condition = executive action1 9 ord] to accompli% a special & limit$ object2 l ! inquiry1 :o are rightful claimants ( money held by ! gov]nm5t1 "u a treaty1 & h[ mu* belongs to ea* "o4 ,x is also said1 t if a con/ruction s lit]al is to be put ^u ! words 8judicial p[]10 !n no ma/] 9 *anc]y c\ld act 9 behalf ( ! c\rts 9 equity cases2 no commission] ( bankruptcy c\ld be appo9t$ "u a bankrupt law1 c4 ,9 answ] to ! fir/ position1 t ! proce$+s = ! reclamation ( fugitive slaves d n con/itute 8a case10 we h ! mo/ explicit decl>ation ( ! supreme c\rt 9 m cases ?an "o4 ,9 ,prigg's case1 #af ,pet]s1 #faf1 ! c\rt say1-- 8,x is pla91 !n1 t :ile a claim is made by ! own]1 out ( possession1 = ! deliv]y ( a slave1 x mu/ be made1 if at all1 aga9/ "s o!r p]son2 & inasmu* z ! "r is a "r ( prop]ty capable ( be+ recogniz$1 & ass]t$ by proce$+s be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice1 betwe5 p>ties adv]se to ea* o!r1 x con/itutes1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 a controv]sy betwe5 ! p>ties1 & a ,,case1 aris+ "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )9 ! express delegation ( ,,judicial ,,p[] giv5 by t in/rum5t40 8,a ,,case 9 law or equity consi/s ( ! "r ( ! "o p>ty z well z ( ! o!r1 & may truly be said to arise "u ! con/itution1 or a law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5ev] its correct decision dep5ds ,,on ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,ei!r40--,coh5s vs4 ,virg9ia1 #f ,:eat4 #cgi1 7#e ,cond4 ,rep4 #aja47 ,inde$1 almo/ e page ( ! op9ion ( ! c\rt1 9 ,coh5s vs4 ,virg9ia1 may be ref]r$ to1 to %[ t !y us$ ! ^w 8case0 9 a s5se t embraces ! proce$+s = ! reclamation ( a fugitive slave4 ,if s1 !n any tribunal1 hav+ jurisdiction ov] su* a 8case10 is ve/$ ) a "p ( ! 8judicial0 p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 def9+ ! ^w 8case10 z x occurs 9 ?is article1 ,judge ,/ory says1-- 8,x is cle> t ! judicial dep>tm5t is au?oriz$ to ex]cise jurisdiction to ! full ext5t ( ! con/itution1 laws1 & treaties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5ev] any "q respect+ !m %all assume su* a =m t ! judicial p[] is capable ( act+ ^u x4 ,:5 x has assum$ su* a =m1 x !n becomes a case0--#c ,comm4 #ejg4 8,a case1 !n1 9 ! s5se ( ?is clause ( ! con/itution1 arises1 :5 "s subject t\*+ ! con/itution1 laws1 or treaties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is submitt$ to ! c\rts by a p>ty :o ass]ts 8 rights 9 ! =m prescrib$ by law40--,ibid4 ,&1 z if ^! def9itions 7 n cle> en\gh1 ! le>n$ judge adds1-- 8,cases aris+ "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are su* z gr[ out ( ! legislation ( ,congress1 )9 ! scope ( _! con/itutional au?ority1 :e!r !y con/itute ! "r1 or privilege1 or claim1 or protection1 or def5ce ( ! p>ty1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 by :om !y are ass]t$40--#c ,comm4 #ejh4 ,x seems cle>1 !n1 t ! proce$+s au?oriz$ by ! ,fugitive ,slave law _c be tak5 out ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8cases10 7cases 9 law & equity17 9 ! ?ird article4 ,!re is ano!r clause 9 ! ?ird article1 :i* embraces ^! proce$+s ) equal cle>ness & c]ta9ty4 8,! judicial p[] %all ext5d to controv]sies0 8betwe5 a /ate & citiz5s ( ano!r /ate40 ,i suppose x w n be d5i$ t a slave /ate may itself own slaves4 ,!y may es*eat to x1 be tak5 9 execution = debt1 c4 ,n[1 a free citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts may ent] ! port ( ,*>le/on z a m>9]1 be seiz$1 imprison$1 & !n sold into slav]y = non-paym5t ( jail fees4 ,! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a may pur*ase him4 ,he may escape & return to ,massa*usetts4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a may !n claim him "u ?is ,fugitive ,slave law4 ,9 su* a condition ( ?+s1 a 8controv]sy0 w exi/ betwe5 8a /ate & a citiz5 ( ano!r /ate40 ,! commission] c take jurisdiction ( t case z well z ( any o!r4 ,& :o w be bold en\gh to say t a trial & judgm5t by him1 deliv]+ up ! respond5t to bondage1 w\ld n be ! ex]cise ( 8judicial p[]0 9 a controv]sy betwe5 8a /ate & a citiz5 ( ano!r /ate08 ,! argum5t1 t if ! commission] "u ! ,fugitive ,slave law ex]cises 8judicial p[]10 !n ma/]s 9 *anc]y1 commission]s ( bankruptcy1 c41 ex]cise x1 is answ]$ by a ^w4 ,ma/]s 9 *anc]y assi/ ! c\rt 9 prep>+ que/ions = decision1 b !y decide no?+4 ,e act ( !irs may be rehe>d & rexam9$ by ! c\rt at ! pleasure ( ei!r p>ty4 ,!y ent] up no judgm5t2 !y issue no execution4 ,!y may express ! op9ion t ! pla9tiff or def5dant is entitl$ to recov] a c]ta9 sum ( money1 or to hold ! *attel 9 dispute2 b nei!r ( !m c t\* x4 ,!y are 8judges0 9 no legitimate s5se4 ,!y ex]cise no "p ( ! 8judicial p[]40 ,! c\rt may call ^u !m to /ate an acc\nt betwe5 p>ties1 z x calls ^u a cl]k to make up ! record1 or a s]vitor to br+ a law book1 or asks a fri5d to ca/ up ! int]e/ on a promissory note4 ,su* are ! functions ( a ma/] 9 *anc]y1 ^: acts h no legal validity until ass5t$ to by ! p>ties or sanction$ by ! c\rt4 ,s ) reg>d to commission]s ( bankruptcy4 ,e act !y 7 ev] au?oriz$ to p]=m d]iv$ all its legal =ce f ! cons5t ( ! p>ties1 or f ! v]dict ( a jury1 be=e :om x _h be5 conte/$1 or f ! judgm5t ( ! c\rt1--z may be se5 at a glance1 by ref]5ce to ! acts creat+ !m4 ,z to ! suppos$ 8judicial p[]0 ex]cis$ by commission]s1 "u a treaty to det]m9e :o are rightful claimants1 & to h[ mu* ea* "o is entitl$1 x is almo/ too obvi\s to rem>k1 t z no citiz5 c br+ 8suit0 aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 ! 8judicial p[]0 does n 8ext5d0 to su* a case1 & ! sugge/ion is pu]ile4 ,a ^w m w close my rem>ks on ?is topic4 ,we h se5 t a decision ( ! commission] adv]se to ! respond5t deliv]s him ov] into absolute1 unconditional slav]y4 ,b ! preval5t op9ion is1 t a decision 9 ! respond5t's favor is no b> to a subsequ5t trial ( ! same p]son on a new 8claim40 ,x 0 actually held 9 ,long's case1 9 ,new ,york1 :]e ! claimant appreh5d$ t ! decision ( ! fir/ commission] w\ld be aga9/ him1 t he might ab&on proce$+s be=e t tribunal & resort to ano!r4 ,he did s1 & prevail$4 ,t is1 ! claimant may select1 f among an indef9ite numb] ( irresponsible magi/rates1 ! "o ^: ignorance or ^: turpitude may promise ! be/ *ances ( success4 ,b if1 f any cause1 he %\ld appreh5d defeat1 !n1 & be=e ! f9al judgm5t is pron\nc$1 he c )draw 8 suit & comm5ce anew be=e ano!r magi/rate1 & s ?r[ ! dice ( ! law aga9 & aga91 until1 by ! v doctr9e ( *ances1 he %all ultimately succe$4 ,su* want ( equity betwe5 ! p>ties /amps ?is law z infam\s1--= inequity is iniquity4 ,an argum5t 9 favor ( ! surr5d] ( alleg$ fugitives f s]vice "u ?is law has be5 d]iv$ f ! provision = ! surr5d] ( fugitives f ju/ice4 ,b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! cases is _w-wide4 ,9 reg>d to slaves1 ! con/itution says1--8,no p]son ,,held to s]vice10 c42 b 9 reg>d to crim9als1 its language is1 8,a p]son ,,*>g$10 c4 ,n[1 :o c avoid p]ceiv+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! legal =ce ( ! words 8held0 & 8*>g$08 ,! obligor 9 a bond is 8,,held & firmly b\nd40 ,! grantor conveys an e/ate 8to h & to ,,hold0 to ! grantee & 8 heirs & assigns =ev]4 ,s a lessee is to 8,,hold0 = ! t]m specifi$4 ,a man is ,,held to answ] a *>ge1 c41 c4 ,9 all ^! cases ! ^w 8hold0 implies a p]fect obligation or c]ta9 liability4 ,b a man is 8,,*>g$0 ) an (f5ce :5 a gr& jury has f\nd an indictm5t aga9/ him1 or :5 a compet5t p]son has made ! requisite oa?4 ,x is n en\gh t a man be *>g$ to be held to s]vice4 ,he mu/ be prov$ to be held1 or he rema9s free2 ! c\rt mu/ "k t he is s held be=e !y are au?oriz$ to surr5d] him4 ,& h[1 "u our con/itution1 c ! c\rt "k su* facts z conv]t a presumptive freeman into a slave )\t a trial by jury8 ,_h ! con/itution said a fugitive guilty ( murd]1 c41 %all be deliv]$ up1 c\ld a man be deliv]$ up until prov$ guilty ( murd]8 ,yet ! ^w guilty is no /rong] 9 ref]5ce to a fugitive f ju/ice ?an is ! ^w held 9 ref]5ce to a fugitive f s]vice4 ,ano!r di/9ction betwe5 ! cases is n less m>k$ ?an ! prec$+4 ,:5 ! fugitive f ju/ice is claim$1 he is claim$ by a /ate = hav+ violat$ its law1 & :5 he is deliv]$ up he is deliv]$ into ! cu/ody ( ! law4 ,legal process mu/ h be5 comm5c$ aga9/ him 9 ! /ate f :i* he fl$4 ,he is return$1 t ! prosecution ?us comm5c$ may be complet$4 ,he is deliv]$ f an (fic] ( ! law 9 "o /ate to ! (fic] ( ! law 9 ano!r /ate4 ,he is transf]r$1 n to avoid a trial1 b to h "o4 ,! orig9al indictm5t or *>ge1 ! arre/ 9 a =eign /ate1 & ! deliv]y & transportation to ! place ( trial1 are b sep>ate p>ts ( "o legal proce$+4 ,! %ield ( ! law is cont9u$ ov] him4 ,all ! "t & all ! way1 he has ! solemn pl$ge ( ! gov]nm5t1 t if n f\nd guilty on ! prosecution !n p5d+1 he %all be dis*>g$4 ,b ! alleg$ slave is claim$ n by a /ate1 b by an individual1 & he is deliv]$ up1 n into ! cu/ody ( ! law1 :]e 8 "r might be adjudicat$ ^u1 b into private h&s2 n into ! h&s ( a neutral or indiff]5t p]son ev51 b into ! h&s ( a p>ty int]e/$ to deprive him ( all 8 rights1 & :o himself claims to be judge1 jury1 & all ! witnesses1 9 det]m9+ :at ^? rights are4 ,if he be n a slave1 !n he is deliv]$ into ! h&s ( a man-/eal]4 ,! %ield ( ! law is n cont9u$ ov] him2 nay1 ! ,fugitive ,slave act expressly provides t1 :atev] 8 rights may be1 yet1 :ile 9 transitu1 ! law %all n recognize !m4 ,! c]tificate giv5 by ! commission] to ! claimant is to prev5t 8all mole/ation ( him by any process issu$ by ! c\rt1 judge1 magi/rate1 or o!r p]son :omsoev]40 ,"u ?is practical int]pretation ( our con/itution1 :i*1 z its own preamble decl>es1 0 =m$ to 8e/abli% ju/ice1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty10 x takes bett] c>e ( felons ?an ( freem54 ,b !re are o!r provisions ( ! con/itution respect+ ! trial ( crim9als1 :i* w\ld control ?is provision respect+ ! deliv]y ( fugitives f ju/ice1 ev5 if !re %\ld be any d\bts ab\t its true con/ruction4 ,by ! con/itution z orig9ally adopt$1 & by ! fif? am5dm5t1 all crimes1 7except 9 cases ( impea*m5t1 or 9 ! l& & naval =ces17 are to be tri$ 9 ! /ate & di/rict :]e committ$4 ,?is makes x impossible to try a fugitive f ju/ice 9 ! /ate to :i* he has fl$4 ,x is an express prohibition aga9/ try+ him !re4 ,b no su* prohibition exi/s1 no analog\s provision exi/s1 respect+ ! trial ( 8suits at common law10 or ! trial ( 8cases0 or 8controv]sies10 9 :i* a man may be depriv$ ( 8life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty40 ,^! cases1 !re=e1 n be+ tak5 out ( ! g5]al provisions ( ! con/itution = secur+ ! rights ( ! citiz51 are left )9 x1 & h5ce mu/ be tri$ by a jury 9 ! place :]e ! claim is made4 ,my next objection to ?is law is1 t x attempts to susp5d ! writ ( habeas corpus4 ,! con/itution says1 8,! privilege ( ! writ ( habeas corpus %all n be susp5d$1 unless :51 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion1 ! public safety may require x40 ,! ,fugitive ,slave law decl>es t ! 8c]tificate0 giv5 to ! claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 8%all prev5t all mole/ation ( said p]son or p]sons by any process issu$ by any c\rt1 judge1 magi/rate1 or o!r p]son :omsoev]40 ,n[1 z a writ ( habeas corpus is a 8process issu$ by a c\rt or judge10 x foll[s1 t1 accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 ! slave own] is n to be 8mole/$0 by t process4 ,:at1 !n1 w con/itute a 8mole/ation0 ( him "u ?is law8 ,w\ld ! s]vice ( a writ ( habeas corpus ^u him1 &1 9 case ( 8 refusal volunt>ily to obey x1 ! seizure ( 8 p]son1 & ! c>ry+ ( him bodily be=e ! c\rt1 p]haps a hundr$ miles out ( 8 way2--w\ld ! moral necessity ( employ+ c\nsel1 & be+ o!rwise subject$ to great exp5se1 bo? ( money & "t2--w\ld any or all ( ^! imp$im5ts & privations am\nt to :at ?is law d5om9ates 8mole/ation08 ,if !y w\ld1 !n ! slave own] is exempt$ f !m4 ,& if s exempt$ f !m1 is n ! privilege ( ! writ ( habeas corpus 8susp5d$10 z to 8 pret5d$ slave8 ,:at else c a 8susp5sion0 ( x mean8 ,b take ! o!r alt]native4 ,suppose ! writ ( habeas corpus to be issu$1 & a return ( all ! facts by :i* ! suppos$ slave is held to be made4 ,! v return br+s ! ,fugitive ,slave act be=e ! c\rt2 & if ! act is be=e ! c\rt1 !n1 surely1 ! "q is also be=e ! c\rt1 :e!r x is con/itutional or n4 ,=1 if uncon/itutional1 x is no law1 & no ju/ification ( ! re/ra9t4 ,suppose ! c\rt to decide ! act to be uncon/itutional1 & to dis*>ge ! prison]4 ,?is surely w\ld be a 8mole/ation0 ( him1 9 ! /ronge/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,to say ! lea/ ( x1 !n1 ! law conta9s an insol5t & audaci\s provision1 =bidd+ ! 8c\rts1 judges1 magi/rates1 & all o!r p]sons :omsoev]10 to d :at x may be _! sworn con/itutional duty to d1--t is1 to inquire into ! con/itutionality ( ! law1 &1 if f\nd to be uncon/itutional1 to disreg>d x4 ,i am aw>e ( ! a/ute reason+ ( ! pres5t able attorney-g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he says1 fir/1 t ! act does n susp5d ! writ ( habeas corpus1 because su* susp5sion w\ld be 8a pla9 & palpable violation ( ! con/itution1 & no int5tion to commit su* a violation ( ! con/itution ought to be imput$0 to ,congress2 & second1 t if ! c]tificate ( ! commission] is %[n 8^u ! application ( ! fugitive = a writ ( habeas corpus1 x prev5ts ! issu+ ( ! writ2 if ^u ! return1 x dis*>ges ! writ1 & re/ores or ma9ta9s ! cu/ody40 ,! fir/ reason might be m briefly /at$ ?us3 x don't because x don't2 or x don't because x c't4 ,! second is z little satisfactory z ! fir/4 ,if ! facts are %[n1 x says1 ^u ! fugitive's application = a writ1 no writ w issue2 if %[n ^u ! return ( ! writ1 x w be abat$4 ,is x n mo/ cle> t ?is assumes ! v "q 9 dispute1 :e!r ! law on :i* ! c]tificate is f\nd$ be con/itutional or n8 ,! /atem5t may be all v true1 if ! law be con/itutional2 b suppose ! law to be uncon/itutional1 w\ld n ! /atem5t be sup]latively absurd8 ,yet :e!r ! law be con/itutional or n1 is ! v "q to be det]m9$4 ,let me te/ ! s\ndness ( ?is logic by a suppos$ case4 ,!re is1 at ! pres5t "t1 a set ( politicians among/ u1 :o are s al>m$ at agitation t ea* "o ( !m is a k9d ( ,pet] ! ,h]mit1 gett+ up a crusade to prev5t x4 ,n[1 suppose ,congress1 8z a peace measure10 %\ld pass a law au?oriz+ ! secret>y ( /ate to issue 8 w>rant = ! arre/ & imprisonm5t1 until ! #d? day ( ,m>*1 #ahec1 or at lea/ until aft] ! next presid5tial nom9ations are made1 ( any p]son :o %all be guilty ( agitat+ on ! wrong side ( said peace measure1 & %\ld fur!r decl>e t any jail] hav+ su* w>rant f said secret>y %\ld be free f 8all mole/ation by any process issu$ by any c\rt1 magi/rate1 or o!r p]son :omsoev]40 ,w\ld x be a s\nd1 judicial1 & lawy]-l argum5t1 9 su* a case1 to say t ,congress c\ld n1 & c\ld n h int5d$ to1 violate ! con/itution1 & !re=e !y _h n violat$ x2 & t if ! w>rant = commitm5t %\ld appe> ^u ! prison]'s application = a writ ( habeas corpus1 x w\ld prev5t its issu+2 if1 ^u its return1 x w\ld dis*>ge x8 ,i ?9k x impossible = any "o to %[ t if ! argum5t be good 9 ! fir/ case1 x w\ld n be good 9 ! second2 & good1 inde$1 9 any case1 h[ev] outrage\sly violat+ ! con/itution4 ,aga93 suppose ! #ah? ( ,septemb] la/1 :5 ! ,fugitive ,slave bill 0 approv$1 to h be5 a "t 8( rebellion or invasion10 :5 ! public safety requir$ ! susp5sion ( ?is writ1 w\ld n su* words z end ! six? section ( ! act be suffici5t 9 law to susp5d x8 ,! attorney-g5]al seems to rely ^u ! fact t ! ,fugitive ,slave law does n m5tion ! habeas corpus4 ,he _c surely mean to say t ! privilege ( ?is writ c\ld n be susp5d$1 unless by "n4 ,ev5 slav]y is n m5tion$ 9 ! con/itution by "n4 ,suppose ,congress1 9 a "t ( rebellion or invasion1 to say1 9 reg>d to any class ( cases :i* x might *oose to specify1 t if "o p]son %all hold ano!r "u executive w>rant1 su* w>rant 8%all prev5t all mole/ation ( said p]son or p]sons by any process issu$ by any c\rt1 judge1 magi/rate1 or o!r p]son :omsoev]20 c\ld any man d5y t su* words w\ld h ample =ce to susp5d ! privilege ( ?is sacr$ & "t-hall[$ writ8 ,no6 ,heav51 & n ! ?irty-fir/ ,congress1 be prais$ = x6 ,?\gh ?is infam\s ,fugitive law c\ld n susp5d ! habeas corpus1 yet its words are adequate to d s4 ,!y purport to put ! pr(essional slave-hunt]1 z x reg>ds ! privilege f arre/1 or 8mole/ation10 on ! foot+ ( a memb] ( ,congress2 & x w\ld n h gone "o iota fur!r1 9 po9t ( pr9ciple1 _h !y made 8 p]son inviolable :ile go+ to seize 8 prey1 & :5 return+ ) x4 ,if ! argum5t ( ! attorney-g5]al be s\nd1 !n ! :ole 8privilege ( ! writ ( habeas corpus10 "u any corrupt law t any corrupt ,congress may pass1 w consi/ 9 ! privilege ( apply+ to a c\rt = ! writ1 & be+ refus$2 or 9 su+ out ! writ1 & hav+ x qua%$4 ,by ! pr9ciples ( ! ,engli% law1 ! privilege ( ! habeas corpus atta*es to all1 :e!r bond or free4 ,! words lib] homo1 says ,"l ,coke1 ext5d to e "o ( ! k+'s subjects1 8be he ecclesia/ical or temporal1 free or bond1 man or woman1 old or "y1 or be he outlaw$1 excommunicat$1 or any o!r1 )\t exception40--#b ,in/4 #ee4 ,i n[ proce$ to lay op5 = ! abhorr5ce ( mank9d o!r de=mities ( ?is mo/ odi\s law4 ,9 oppos+ a law1 a di/9ction is to be made betwe5 ! c\rts & ! p2 betwe5 ! b5* & ! ballot-box4 ,! c\rts c he> b "o objection to a law4 ,x may be impolitic1 unrighte\s1 atroci\s2 b if x be con/itutional !y mu/ su/a9 x4 ,b be=e ! tribunal ( ! p1 a law may be impea*$ = any attribute ( cruelty1 oppression1 or meanness4 ,i d5\nce ! ,fugitive ,slave law = all ^! qualities4 ,9 its scornful rejection ( all ^? common-law pr9ciples ( evid5ce :i* h be5 ratifi$ by ! wisdom ( ages2 9 ! 8summ>y0 & piratical ha/e ( its proce$+s1 & 9 ! indelible blood ) :i* its judgm5ts are record$1 ,i believe x has n a p>allel 9 ! mod]n code ( any civiliz$ p4 ,%\ld ! c\rts1 hamp]$ by previ\s decisions1 & habituat$ to ! spectacle & ! support ( a cruel in/itution1 pron\nce ?is law to be con/itutional1 su* a judgm5t w\ld give new =ce to e reason :y ! p %\ld dem& its modification or repeal4 ,x is n en\gh t x %\ld be decl>$ void by ! c\rts z aga9/ ! fundam5tal law ( ! l&2 x des]ves to be br&$ by ! p z abhorr5t to humanity1 to civilization1 & to ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,look at its provisions 9 reg>d to evid5ce4 ,! pro( ( ?ree facts dooms ! victim3 fir/1 t ! p]son nam$ 9 ! w>rant owes ! claimant s]vice2 second1 t he has escap$2 &1 ?ird1 id5tity4 ,n[1 accord+ to ! law1 all ^! facts may be prov$ 9 ! abs5ce ( ! p>ty to be ru9$ by !m4 ,! :ole case may be e/abli%$ by evid5ce tak5 beh9d ! victim's back1 )\t notice to him1 )\t k1 or possibility ( k1 on 8 "p4 ,a freeman may be sudd5ly arre/$1 & dragg$ into c\rt1 & on c]ta9 pap]s be+ read aga9/ him1 :i* he nev] saw nor he>d ( be=e1 he may be ord]$ into ! cu/ody ( (fic]s1 & hurri$ to a returnless di/ance f wife1 *ildr51 & fri5ds1 r$uc$ to ! dire/ =m ( bondage ! _w ev] knew1 & at ! exp5se ( ! v gov]nm5t :i* he has be5 tax$ to support1 & :i* 9 turn 0 b\nd to protect him4 ,i w prove by a ref]5ce to ! act itself t ^! atrocities are among its conspicu\s features4 ,by ! six? section x is made ! duty ( ! 8c\rt1 judge1 or commission]10 8^u satisfactory pro( be+ made by deposition or affidavit1 9 writ+10 8or by o!r satisfactory te/imony10 8& ) pro(1 also by affidavit1 ( ! id5tity ( ! p]son ^: s]vice or labor is claim$10 8to make out & deliv] to su* claimant a c]tificate10 c4 ,& ! t5? section ( ! act decl>es t ! transcript ( a record 8tak5 9 any /ate or t]ritory1 or 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia10 & 8produc$ 9 any o!r /ate1 t]ritory1 or di/rict10 & be+ !re 8exhibit$ to any judge1 commission]1 or o!r (fic] au?oriz$ to cause p]sons escap+ f s]vice or labor to be deliv]$ up1 %all be held & tak5 to be full & conclusive evid5ce ( ! fact ( escape1 & t ! s]vice or labor ( ! p]son escap+ is due to ! p>ty 9 said record m5tion$40 8,& ^u ! production ( o!r & fur!r evid5ce1 if necess>y1 ei!r oral or by affidavit1 ( ! id5tity ( ! p]son escap+1 he or %e %all be deliv]$ up to ! claimant40 ,"h1 !n1 is a provision unkn[n to ! common law ( ,engl&1 or to any colony1 or p1 or tribe t ev] claim$ ! common law ( ,engl& z _! inh]itance2 unkn[n ev5 to ! /> *amb]1 or high commission c\rt2 unkn[n 9 ! bloodie/ reigns ( ! bloodie/ tyrants t ev] sat ^u ! ,engli% ?rone2 unkn[n to ^? judicial villa9s :om ,"l ,campbell calls 8ruffians 9 erm9e0--incorporat$ into ! code ( a republican gov]nm5t4 ,evid5ce1 :i* may consign to slav]y a man :o is o/5sibly & presumptively free1--free by ! laws ( ! /ate :]e he is1 & free e :]e by ! law ( ,god & humanity1--may be prep>$ 9 8 abs5ce1 )\t any notice to him1 & by any means ( p]jury or subornation ( p]jury to :i* guilt may resort1 & ?is evid5ce is made legally suffici5t to doom a fell[-be+ to rel5tless bondage4 ,not)/&+ ^? rem>kable clauses 9 ! con/itution :i* provide t 89 all crim9al prosecutions ! accus$ %all enjoy ! "r to a spe$y & public trial10 8be in=m$ ( ! nature & cause ( ! accusation10 8be confront$ ) ! witnesses aga9/ him10 8h compulsory process = obta9+ witnesses 9 8 favor10 8& h ! assi/ance ( c\nsel = 8 def5ce20 yet ,judge ,/ory comm5ts ^u !m 9 a _s ( dissatisfaction & sorr[2 8=10 says he1 8unless ! :ole sy/em ( ! common law is incorporat$1 & especially ! law ( evid5ce1 a corrupt legislature1 or a debas$ & s]vile p1 may r5d] ! :ole little m ?an a solemn pageantry40 7#c ,com4 #ffb47 ,9 speak+ ( a 8corrupt legislature10 he seems to describe :at ?is ,congress has done 9 enact+ ! ,fugitive ,slave law at its la/ session2 &1 9 speak+ ( a 8debas$ & s]vile p10 he speaks ( j su* a p z ! advocates & *ampions ( ?is law are n[ /riv+ to make ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates become6 ,! "r ( cross exam9+ witnesses is a common-law "r1 app]ta9+ to all k9ds ( trials4 ,x is a "r )\t :i* all trials are b mock]y4 ,x is (t5times a h>d%ip to be confront$ ) witnesses ( :om "o kn[s no?+2 b to be deb>r$ f all opportunity ( gett+1 by cross que/ion+1 at ! k t is 9 !m2 to be deb>r$ f ! "r ( %[+ t !y are incompet5t ev5 to folly1 or corrupt ev5 to wilful p]jury1 ?is is a b>b>ity unkn[n to any code 9 ! civiliz$ _w1 save to ! code ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,x is :at ev5 b>b>ians might be a%am$ (4 ,x is (f]+ b\nties & premiums on villany1 & turn+ ! c\rts into brok]s' (fices = p]jury4 ,"u su* a law1 is !re a s+le color$ p]son at ! nor? :o c rise to 8 labor 9 ! morn+1 or lie d[n to 8 repose at night1 ) any feel+ ( security t av>ice & false swe>+ may n !n be at "w = 8 de/ruction8 ,:o c wond]1 if he is torm5t$ 9 8 nightly dreams by images ( ! man-/eal]1 9 f> (f regions1 plott+ = 8 ru98 ,:o c wond] if1 9 8 city resid5ce1 he />ts z he turns ! corn] ( e /reet2 or1 9 8 rural home1 if he %udd]s at ! ru/le ( e leaf1 le/ "s kidnapp] %\ld spr+ f 8 ambu% to seize him8 ,t s5se ( p]sonal security :i* e hone/ man is entitl$ to feel1 ?is law aboli%es4 ,! virtu\s man _c rely ^u 8 gov]nm5t1 nor ! pi\s man ^u 8 ,god1 = e>?ly protection4 ,= him ! ,pr9ce ( ,d>kness has obta9$ ! asc5d5cy 9 ! affairs ( m51 & (f]s impunity to guilt1 :ile protection is )drawn f innoc5ce4 ,! life ( su* a man is a p]petual agony ( al>m = himself & = 8 family4 ,a cl\d *>g$ ) lightn+ is =ev] susp5d$ ov] 8 head1 & no g5ius c devise ! means to turn aside its bolts4 ,sir1 be=e ,god1 ,i believe t1 9 ! judgm5t ( an imp>tial po/]ity1 ?is me?od ( tak+ evid5ce1 by ! cruelle/ ( means & = ! wick$e/ ( purposes1 w be held z atroci\s & z execrable z t horrid me?od ( extract+ evid5ce by torture1 :i* once prevail$1 b :i* n[ ev5 half-civiliz$ nations h aboli%$4 ,a brave he>t c\ld )hold a false confession1 ev5 ^u ! rack4 ,) ! images ( wife & *ildr5 be=e ! eyes1 m>tyrdom = _! protection has be5 sweet4 ,b !re is no man :om ,god ev] made :o w n tremble1 & /& agha/ ) con/]nation1 ) ! consci\s k 9 8 m9d t he1 8 wife & *ildr51 & all t he holds de> ^u e>?1 are at ! m]cy ( e pirate-he>t$ villa9 betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ! ,rio ,gr&e2 nay1 t ! gov]nm5t (f]s inducem5t to =eign assass9s to come "h1 :]e1 ) less risk1 !y c make m money by false swe>+ & judicial kidnapp+ ?an !y c\ld at home by murd] & robb]y4 ,bett]1 a ?\s& times bett]1 _h ! con/itution all[$ ! citiz5 8to be compell$ to be a witness aga9/ himself10 & laid its prohibitions ^u ! fabrication ( te/imony aga9/ him 9 8 abs5ce4 ,! t5? section ( ! act decl>es t ?is evid5ce1 ?us obta9$ "u a =eign jurisdiction & 9 ! abs5ce ( ! p>ty1 %all be 8conclusive40 ,n[1 ! legal =ce & mean+ ( ?is provision is1 t no am\nt or weight ( evid5ce1 no array ( ! mo/ unimpea*able witnesses1 n ev5 ! p]sonal k ( ! commission] himself1 :o tries ! case1 ?\gh giv5 "u ! sanction ( an oa?1 :i* ! law does n require him1 z a commission]1 to take1 %all be admissible to rebut ?is 8conclusive0 te/imony4 ,x is n made prima facie evid5ce m]ely aga9/ ! respond5t2 x does n m]ely %ift ! burd5 ( pro(1 s t ! presumptive freeman becomes presumptively a slave1 & mu/ himself e/abli% ! fre$om he w\ld possess2 b ! law magnifies x into a species ( pro( t is 8conclusive10--t is1 unque/ionable1 irrefragable1 omnipot5t1--l a miracle ( ,god1 n to be disput$4 ,& ?is greate/ ( legal =ce is giv5 to ! wor/ k9d ( evid5ce4 ,i say t a law s wor?y ( abhorr5ce1 s trucul5t1 s fi5di%1 is n to be f\nd ^u ! /atute book ( any o!r civiliz$ nation on ! globe4 ,su*1 too1 has be5 ! practical con/ruction giv5 to ! law4 ,i see by ! pap]s t1 9 a late case :i* occurr$ at ,detroit1 ! respond5t decl>$ himself a free man1 & pray$ = a cont9uance1 to all[ him to s5d to ,c9c9nati = 8 free pap]s4 ,b ! commission] refus$ ! delay1 say+ t1 "u ?is law1 ev5 free pap]s f ! v man t claim$ him w\ld be ( no avail2 = :]e ! law made ! evid5ce conclusive1 no?+ c\ld rebut x4 ,any c\nt] evid5ce mu/ always be admitt$1 on ! hypo!sis t ! evid5ce already receiv$ may be controll$ by x4 ,b :at an inf9ite absurdity to suppose t "o mass or body ( pro( c be conclusive1 ov] ano!r :i* is conclusive4 ,! law might j z well h made color conclusive1 n only t ! respond5t 0 a slave1 b t he ran away f ! man :o claims him4 ,! law1 z x /&s1 is z mu* a slave-mak+ z x is a slave-cat*+ law4 ,x decl>es t ! proce$+s %all be 8summ>y20 & x provides a diff]5t rate ( comp5sation1 accord+ z ! decision is = fre$om or aga9/ x4 ,on :at pr9ciple is ?is diff]5ce ( comp5sation f\nd$8 ,e body c see at a glance t :5 a claimant c prep>e 8 evid5ce be=eh& & 9 secret1 he w\ld be a fool n to make out a prima facie case4 ,if ! respond5t adduces no pro(1 ! case goes by default1 & judgm5t1 )\t delay1 is ent]$ aga9/ him4 ,b if ! claim is conte/$1 !n witnesses are to be exam9$1 argum5ts are to be he>d1 evid5ce is to be weigh$1 legal que/ions to be inve/igat$1 & su* a decision made z ! commission] is will+ to pron\nce be=e ! _w4 ,x is only 9 ! la/ class ( cases1 ! conte/$ class1 t ! respond5t w be dis*>g$4 ,! cases1 !re=e1 t result 9 fre$om w ord9>ily occupy sixfold or t5fold m "t1 besides requir+ ! ex]cise ( m legal k & ability1 ?an ^? :i* t]m9ate fatally to ! respond5t4 ,yet = decree+ ! fre$om ( a man1 ! fee is b half z mu* z :5 a s5t5ce ( bondage is aw>d$ aga9/ him4 ,?is surpasses ! brib]y ( ,judas by ! high prie/s4 ,!y _h n diabolical wit en\gh to pres5t a contra/ betwe5 "r & wrong1 z a special /imulus = committ+ iniquity4 ,! 8summ>y mann]0 ( trial provid$ = by ?is law1 :5 consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to rights s mom5t\s1 %ocks e ,anglo-,saxon m9d4 ,"o's blood mu/ all be corrupt$ 9 8 ve9s1 be=e he c he> ( x )\t indignation4 ,x is ! noble/ attribute ( our race1 t we hold civil & religi\s lib]ty to be m sacr$ & m preci\s ?an life itself4 ,yet by :at safegu>ds ( con/itution1 ( law1 & ( =ms ( practice1 is life protect$ among/ u8 ,!re mu/ be a pres5tm5t1 by at lea/ twelve sworn m51 be=e a man c be held to answ] to a *>ge by :i* x c be =feit$4 ,!n come ! trav]se jury1 ! "r ( p]emptory *all5ge1 ! assignm5t ( c\nsel1 ! "r to see ! indictm5t be=eh&1 & to "k ! names ( witnesses :o are to be call$ aga9/ ! accus$1 & compulsory process to insure ! att5dance ( witnesses 9 8 favor6 ,:at noble b>ri]s are ^! aga9/ ! oppression ( a p[]ful gov]nm5t1 & ! malignant passions ( p[]ful m56 ,! probable culprit1--! man labor+ "u ! mo/ viol5t suspicion1--?\gh caught ) ! blood-r$ dagg] 9 8 h& ov] ! pro/rate body ( ! victim1 is gu>d$ by all t human +5uity has be5 able to devise2 by all ! k t we c comm& ?is side ( ! omnisci5ce1 & by all ! p[] ?is side ( ! omnipot5ce ( ,god4 ,yet 9 ! v community :]e ^! rights are rev]5c$ & upheld1 a man may be seiz$ )\t notice1 hurri$ to a tribunal )\t an h\r = prep>ation1 & !n be borne away a ?\s& miles1 :]e all t life has ( hope & ( enjoym5t is tak5 away1 & all t x kn[s ( mis]y & ( t]ror is realiz$4 ,let me ask any man :o ev] _h a case 9 c\rt t 0 wor? def5d+1 :e!r he 0 prep>$ to meet x ! fir/ h\r he _h notice ( its exi/5ce8 ,a respond5t's witnesses may be resid5t 9 diff]5t /ates1 & di/ances ( hundr$s ( miles may int]v5e betwe5 him & !m4 ,8 pro( may consi/ ( de$s1 or wills1 or records1 :i* _c be f\nd or au!nticat$ )\t delay4 ,8 def5ce may consi/ ( matt]s ( law1 :i* ! able/ c\nsel may require "t & ! exam9ation ( books to inve/igate4 ,all ^! ob/acles to in/antane\s read9ess may exi/ toge!r1 & yet ! inexorable m&ate ( ! law scorns 8 appeal = t delay on :i* 8 highe/ int]e/s are susp5d$1 & dooms him to bondage because he _c a*ieve impossibilities4 ,"u su* a law1 n "o man 9 t5 :o w be arre/$1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld be free1 w be prep>$ to e/abli% 8 fre$om4 ,a great portion ( ^! outca/s f human ju/ice1 ,i d\bt n1 are bett] prep>$ = ! summons ( in/antane\s dea? ?an = ?is summons ( in/antane\s trial4 ,!n ! cruel ha/e 9 execut+ judgm5t6 ,! murd]] is all[$ a season ( respite betwe5 ! h\r ( s5t5ce & ! h\r ( dea?2 ! debtor may turn out goods to satisfy a cr$itor's dem&s2 b ! alleg$ fugitive has no reprieve4 ,he has no opportunity to solicit money to r$eem himself1 or to negotiate = ! ransom ( body & s\l4 ,swift & sure z an arr[ to its m>k1 he is spe$$ on 8 way to ! abodes ( toil & despair4 ,! witnesses :o swore away 8 lib]ty may h be5 p]jur$1 b he _c /op to convict !m4 ,! c\rt may h be5 corrupt1 b he _c rema9 to impea* x4 ,h[ev] hone/ly r5d]$1 ! judgm5t may be rev]sible = error 9 law1 b he _c /ay to set x aside4 ,n[1 e "o mu/ see t :]e !re is s little caution be=e trial1 !re %\ld be a lib]al opportunity = revision aft] x4 ,b "h is inf9ite exposure to error ) no *ance = rectification4 ,ov]/epp+ ! acts ( ! common tyrant1 !re is an infliction ( ! mo/ he9\s wrong1 ) a prem$itat$ purpose t x %all n be repair$4 ,! great & free republic ( ,nor? ,am]ica has transf]r$ ! unwritt5 law ( ,judge ,lyn* to its /atute book4 ,h[ev] cle> ! con/itutional obligation ( ,congress to enact a law = ! reclamation ( fugitive slaves may be suppos$ by any "o to be1 !re c]ta9ly are limitations to ?is obligation1 :i* all ! pr9ciples ( our gov]nm5t =bid ! law-mak] to transc5d4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?is con/itutional obligation mu/ be /rictly con/ru$4 ,! ma9 & prim>y object ( ! con/itution 0 to protect natural rights2 b ! object ( ! ,fugitive ,slave clause 0 to protect a legal "r 9 conflict ) natural "r4 ,all judges ( an honorable "n1 all c\rts 9 all civiliz$ communities1 h recogniz$ a broad di/9ction 9 ! pr9ciples ( int]pret+ law4 ,!y h held t provisions aga9/ life & lib]ty %\ld be /rictly con/ru$1 :ile ^? 9 favor ( life & lib]ty %\ld be lib]ally con/ru$1--! "o s con/ru$ z to inflict z little ( pa9 & privation z possible2 ! o!r1 to give z mu* ( fre$om & immunity z possible4 ,^! h become maxims1 or axioms1 ( legal int]pretation2 & 9 _! long & unbrok5 recognition1 x is n too /rong an expression to say1 !y impetrate & comm& a /rict con/ruction ( t clause 9 ! con/itution "u :i* fugitives may be claim$4 ,& ! same legal maxims1 9 reg>d to all subjects t\*+ life & lib]ty1 b9d ,congress 9 legislat+ "u ! con/itution1 z b9d ! judicial tribunals 9 adm9i/]+ ! law4 ,yet ! ,fugitive ,slave law conta9s provisions :i* !re c be no pret5ce nor %ad[ ( a pret5ce t ! con/itution requires4 ,by ! con/itution1 8,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o /ate1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all be dis*>g$40 ,into ano!r :at8 ,indisputably1 into ano!r /ate4 ,x mu/ mean /ate1 & c mean no?+ else2 = ! laws ( language admit no o!r con/ruction4 ,! expression1 8,no p]son held 9 "o /ate1 escap+ into ano!r ,,t]ritory10 w\ld be n m]ely ungrammatical & un-,engli%1 b nons5sical4 ,no man ( common intellig5ce ev] s con/ru$ a s5t5ce4 ,yet ! six? section ( ! act provides n only = ! case ( slaves escap+ f "o /ate into ano!r /ate1 b = _! escape f a /ate into a t]ritory1 & = an escape f a t]ritory into a /ate1 & = an escape f "o t]ritory into ano!r t]ritory4 ,f\r classes ( cases are provid$ = by ! law1 :ile b "o ( !m f9ds any w>rant 9 ! con/itution4 ,n[ let any "o take a map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & see ov] :at a va/ area ! law ext5ds1 ov] :i* ! provision 9 ! con/itution does n ext5d4 ,! region is cont95tal ov] :i* ! law uncon/itutionally ext5ds1 & ?is corresponds ) ! va/ inhumanity ( ! pr9ciple :i* s ext5ds x4 ,m>k ano!r p>ticul> 9 :i* ! provisions ( ! law g beyond ! requirem5ts ( ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution says ! fugitive %all be 8deliv]$ up40 ,! law makes provision = transport+ him to ! claimant's home4 ,is !re any simil> provision respect+ any o!r species ( prop]ty8 ,if a nor!rn m]*ant recov]s a debt f 8 s\!rn cu/om]1 does ! gov]nm5t assume ! responsibility ( see+ t x is paid to ! cr$itor at 8 own home8 ,if a nor!rn man is robb$1 & ! /ol5 goods are f\nd 9 ano!r /ate1 does ! gov]nm5t transport !m back & pay freight8 ,!n1 :y %\ld gov]nm5t int]pose 9 ?is case to be> co/s & risks1 unless slav]y is s m]itori\s an in/itution z to des]ve ! b5efactions z well z ! b5$ictions ( freem58 ,!n obs]ve h[ artfully ! law is word$1 to make ! assi/ance r5d]$ to ! claimant g beyond any suppos$ necessity 9 ! case4 8,if10 x says1 8^u affidavit made by ! claimant1 444 8 ag5t or attorney1 444 t he has reason to appreh5d t su* fugitive w be rescu$ by =ce1 444 be=e he c take him beyond ! limits ( ! /ate 9 :i* ! arre/ is made1 x %all be ! duty ( ! (fic] 444 to remove him to ! /ate :5ce he fl$40 ,?us1 if dang] is appreh5d$1 )9 ! fir/ t5 miles1 ! gov]nm5t %all see ! slave safely home1 at its own exp5se1 ?\gh x be a ?\s& miles4 ,b besides ! unhe>d-( pr9ciple ( saddl+ ! gov]nm5t ) ! exp5se ( prosecut+ ! private claims ( its citiz5s )9 its own jurisdiction1 ,i %\ld l to "k :at provision ! con/itution conta9s1 :i*1 ?\gh int]pret$ by ! mo/ latitud9>ian con/ructioni/1 conf]s any "r ^u ,congress ?us to take ! money ( "o citiz5 to pay ! private exp5ses ( ano!r4 ,!re is no clause1 or phrase1 or ^w 9 t in/rum5t :i* favors ! idea t ! ,nor!rn ,/ates %\ld be> ! exp5se1 z well z ! disgrace1 ( ?us rem&+ our fell[-m5 into bondage4 ,besides1 if ! limits ( ! con/itution 7 to be transc5d$ 9 ord] to deliv] an alleg$ fugitive to 8 ma/]1 w\ld n ! slighte/ elem5t ( equity1 or dec5cy1 ev51 require t :5 a freeman is condemn$ to bondage "u ! law1 8 exp5ses1 incurr$ 9 return+ to ! place :]e he 0 plund]$ ( himself1 %\ld be reimburs$ to him by ! gov]nm5t :i* _h fail$ 9 its duty to protect him8 ,if ! claimant ( ,james ,hamlet c\ld be suppli$ ) a =ce1 at ! gov]nm5t's exp5se1 to c>ry him into slav]y1 :y %\ld n ! exp5se ( com+ back into a l& ( fre$om be reimburs$ by ! gov]nm5t to ,adam ,gibson1 aft] "o ( its v5al & villan\s in/rum5ts _h wre/$ t fre$om f him8 ,! law also provides = ano!r ?+ :i* ! supreme c\rt has expressly decl>$ to be uncon/itutional1 or beyond ! p[] ( ,congress to enact4 ,x provides t any /ate c\rt ( record1 or judge !re(1 9 vacation1 may take & c]tify evid5ce :i* %all be 8conclusive0 9 reg>d to two ( ! ?ree po9ts :i* are made suffici5t by ! law to prove a man a slave4 ,?us1 ! two facts ( slav]y & ( escape may be 8conclusively0 prov$ by ! c]tificate ( a judge ( a /ate c\rt1 s t ! judge be=e :om ! alleg$ fugitive is br\ght %all1 9 reg>d to ^! facts1 ex]cise only a m]e m9i/]ial function4 ,n[1 he :o has p[] to take & au!nticate evid5ce1 :i* x is pr$et]m9$ %all be 8conclusive0 9 ! case1 has p[] to decide ! case4 ,?is1 9 its nature & ess5ce1 is a judicial p[]2 yet ?is p[] is giv5 by ! act to any /ate c\rt ( record1 & to any judge !re( 9 vacation4 ,contr>y to ?is1 h[ev]1 ! supreme c\rt has said1 8,congress _c ve/ any portion ( ! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates except 9 c\rts orda9$ & e/abli%$ by itself40--,m>t9 vs4 ,hunt]'s ,lessee1 #a ,:eat4 #ccj4 8,! :ole judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be1 at all times1 ve/$ 9 "s c\rts creat$ "u its au?ority40--,ib4 #cca4 8,! jurisdiction ov] su* cases1 cases aris+ "u ! con/itution1 laws1 & treaties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c\ld n exi/ 9 ! /ate c\rts previ\s to ! adoption ( ! con/itution1 & x c\ld n aft]w>ds be directly conf]r$ on !m2 = ! con/itution expressly requires ! judicial p[] to be ve/$ 9 c\rts orda9$ & e/abli%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates40--,ib4 #cce4 ,yet1 ?\gh x is expressly decl>$ t ,congress _c ve/ any "p ( ! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a /ate c\rt1 ! /ate c\rts are emp[]$ by ?is law to take & c]tify evid5ce1 :i* is made 8conclusive0 9 ! case4 ,look at ! subject 9 ano!r ( its aspects4 ,"h are "s half million ( free color$ p]sons 9 ! free /ates4 ,!y are unque/ionably free4 ,!y possess1 z fully z y or ,i1 ^? pr]ogatives ( fre$om )\t :i* life ceases to be a bless+4 ,_! fre$om is gu>anti$ to !m by ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & by ! con/itutions & laws ( ! /ates respectively 9 :i* !y dwell4 ,!y c]ta9ly are a "p ( ! p4 ,9 "s ( ! /ates1 z 9 ,massa*usetts = in/ance1 ! law kn[s no iota ( di/9ction1 9 any respect1 betwe5 a black man & a :ite man2 betwe5 "o ( ,european & "o ( ,african desc5t4 ,x is ! noble privilege ( a ,massa*usetts man to say1 t1 z all m5 are equal be=e ! div9e law1 s are all m5 equal )9 our bord]s1 be=e ! human law4 ,n[1 scatt]$ among ?is half million1 m or less1 ( free color$ p 9 ! free /ates1 !re are a few hundr$s1 or a few ?\s&s if y please1 ( 8fugitives f s]vice or labor10 z ! con/itution cunn+ly & evasively phrases x2 :i*1 be+ int]pret$1 means1 z ! :ole _w kn[s1 fugitives f toil1 & fett]s1 & /ripes1 & agony2 fugitives f ignorance & ! ?ick d>kness ( ! intellect2 fugitives f moral debasem5t1 & f t en=c$ pollution ( body & s\l t sp>es nei!r wife1 nor "m1 nor a daught]'s innoc5ce2 fugitives f ! disruption ( family ties1 & f ! lac]ation ( all human affections2 fugitives1 9 f9e1 f a hea!nism ( sup]/ition & religi\s bl9dness into ! glori\s light ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,n[ ?is free class & ?is fugitive class belong e?nologically to ! same race4 ,!y speak ! same language1 & we> ! same di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( feature & ( =m4 ,all ! unspeakable privileges1 all ! sacr$ titles & immunities ( ! "o class are en%r9$ 9 ! same complexion & 9 ! same cont\r ( p]son t att5d ! debasem5t & privation ( ! o!r4 ,! vessels ( honor & ( glory are m\ld$ into ! same %ape ) ! vessels ( di%onor & ( %ame4 ,n[1 aft] ?is debas$ class has be5 creat$ by a wick$ sy/em ( human laws1 & aft] x is m+l$ ) ! free class1 ano!r law /eps 9 & decrees t ! =m] %all be rem&$ to _! bondage4 ,an awful decree6 second 9 t]ribl5ess only to t :i* %all divide betwe5 ! bless$ & ! accurs$ be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,god4 ,)9 ! compass ( human action1 !re nev] 0 an occasion t dem&$ m un]r+ ju/ice & wisdom1 t invok$ m =esight & solicitude1 t appeal$ m t\*+ly to e s5tim5t & in/9ct cong5ial to lib]ty1 ) :i* ,god has end[$ & ennobl$ ! s\l ( man1 s to devise ! law1 if law !re mu/ be1 z n to involve ! free 9 ! horrible doom ( ! enslav$4 ,if1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( p5al laws1 a k ( human fallibility has =c$ ! maxim into exi/5ce & into practice1 t x is bett] t n9ety-n9e guilty p]sons %\ld escape ?an t "o innoc5t man %\ld suff]1 ought n ! same b5ign rule to be adopt$ 9 our legislation :5ev] !re is a possibility ( expos+ ! free to ! fe>ful fate ( ! enslav$8 ,b in/ead ( ?is jeal\sy & circumspection1 :at h we8 ,a law ^: fir/ utt]ance abjures ! di/9ction betwe5 fre$om & bondage2 a law :i* br+s ! :ole free color$ population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates )9 ! out] circles ( ! :irlpool ( slav]y1 t !y may be +ulf$ 9 its vortex2 a law :i* emp[]s e villa9 9 ! c\ntry1 by fabricat+ false te/imony at 8 own leisure & conv5i5ce1 to use 8 own fre$om 9 ord] to rob o!r p ( !irs6 ,i av]1 t be=e any moral tribunal1 :]e "r & wrong are weigh$ 9 ! balances ( ! sanctu>y1 !re is n a felony describ$ 9 ! :ole /atute book t is m feloni\s ?an su* a law4 ,x has become an axiom 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1--an axiom sl[ly evolv$ by ! wisdom ( ages1 b n[ firmly e/abli%$ & incorporat$ into ! jurisprud5ce ( e civiliz$ community1--t ! e?ical policy ( ! law w tol]ate no rule ( action t op5s ! door to fraud or crime1 b w ev5 vacate solemn contracts betwe5 p>ties o!rwise compet5t1 9 its jeal\sy & appreh5sion ( wrong4 ,h5ce ! law applicable to common c>ri]s1 :i* w n all[ a man to exon]ate himself f liability ev5 by express notice1 le/ opportunity %\ld be giv5 = collusion & fraud4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! pr9ciple ( law :i* =bids an insolv5t debtor to pay1 or ev5 to contract to pay1 a bona fide cr$itor 9 anticipation ( bankruptcy4 ,n[1 ?is pr9ciple applies ) t5fold =ce to legislators1--)hold+ & repell+ !m f pass+ any law :i* may involve ! innoc5t 9 ! fate ( ! guilty1 or ! free 9 ! bondage ( ! enslav$4 ,b ! law violates a /ill deep] pr9ciple ?an ^!4 ,i d n recollect ! in/ance ( a s+le nor!rn man or nor!rn press1 utt]ly false to fre$om1 & v5al z s _m ( !m h be51 t has express$ entire satisfaction ) ! law4 ,!y palliate x1 !y /rive1 by s$uctive p>ty & pecuni>y appeals1 to beguile m5 into its support4 ,!y look outside ( x = pretexts to hide its inh]5t bas5ess2 b n "o ( !m1 s f> z ,i "k1 has _h ! effront]y to ju/ify x on its intr9sic m]its4 ,ev5 ^? nor!rn m5 :o vot$ = x h s\ght refuge f ! /orm ( righte\s indignation t bur/ ^u !m1 by alleg+ t x 0 an ess5tial +r$i5t 9 a sy/em ( measures1 & ent]$1 z a necess>y elem5t1 into a desirable compromise4 ,:5 ?is language is translat$1 :at does x mean8 ,simply ?is1 & no m4 ,cali=nia 0 admitt$1 & !reby c]ta9 political & comm]cial advantages 7 ga9$4 ,?is1 9 legal language1 0 ! consid]ation4 ,! ,fugitive ,slave law 0 pass$1 & !reby ! rights ( freem51 ! prop]ty ( m5 9 !mselves1 all ! h\sehold sanctities1 all ! dome/ic ende>m5ts ( half a million ( m51 7 put 9 p]il4 ,?is 0 ! equival5t giv56 ,a m]e b>t] ( ! holie/ int]e/s = worldly advantages6 ,& ^! int]e/s 7 giv5 away by m5 :o did n own !m1 & !re=e _h no "r to transf] !m4 ,! :ites1 nor? & s\?1 play$ a game1 & made ! black p _! /akes4 ,:o au?oriz$ ! law-mak]s to d]ive a b5efit to !mselves f do+ ?is inf9ite wrong to o!rs8 ,:o gave !m ! t]rible pr]ogative ( mak+ o!rs suff] = _! pleasure4 ,i say x ) rev]5ce1 b ,i /ill say x ) emphasis1 t we _c conceive ( ,god himself z hav+ p[] to inflict vic>i\s suff]+ )\t ! free cons5t ( ! suff]]6 ,yet ! atrocities ( ?is law are def5d$ by ^? :o made x1 on ! gr\nd t !y & o!r :ite m5 h secur$ b5efits to !mselves by sacrific+ ! lib]ty1 happ9ess & peace ( half a million ( _! fell[-be+s ( a diff]5t color4 ,cause & c\nsellor are alike2 = ! def5ce is z pr(ligate z ! act x def5ds4 ,i say1 sir1 x is ! population ( ,african desc5t 9 ! free /ates :i* is specially put 9 p]il by ?is law4 ,occasionally1 inde$1 p]sons ( unmix$ :ite blood are seiz$ & enslav$ "u x4 ,^! cases1 h[ev]1 are comp>atively r>e4 ,b suppose ! rev]se4 ,suppose circum/ances to be su* t ! :ole body ( ! :ite population %\ld be z mu* endang]$ by x z ! color$ p n[ are4 ,suppose t n only ! :ite vot]s !mselves1 b _! wives & _! *ildr51 7 z liable to be 8,+raham$10 z ! blacks2 suppose ?is1 ,i say1 & w\ld ! exi/5ce ( ! law be tol]at$ = an h\r8 ,w\ld !re n be an upris+ ( ! p1 simultane\s & univ]sal aga9/ x1 & su* a yell ( execration z nev] be=e bur/ f mortal lips8 ,! "n ( e man :o _h vot$ = x1 or :o %\ld def5d x1 w\ld be ent]$ ^u t apo/ate li/ at ^: head /&s ! "n ( ,judas4 ,*ri/ian & ,infidel1 ,jew & ,g5tile1 w\ld execrate x alike4 ,:y1 !n1 if !y w\ld d ?is to av]t su* p]il f !mselves & _! families1 d !y n d x :5 _! sable bre?r5 are 9 jeop>dy8 ,alas6 !re is b "o answ]6 ,f selfi% consid]ations1 f ! love ( weal?1 or ! love ( p[]1 !y h disc>d$ t heav5-desc5d$ maxim1 8,:atev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 d ye ! same unto !m40 ,& x is ?is v class ( m5 :o h ?us abjur$ ! precepts ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o h trampl$ ^u ! div9e doctr9es ( lib]ty & love1 t n[ s clamor\sly summon u to an ob$i5ce to law4 ,9 answ] to ?is call1 let me say1 t true ob$i5ce to law is necess>ily accompani$ & prec$$ by a rev]5ce = ^? great pr9ciples ( ju/ice & humanity )\t :i* all law is despotism4 ,h[ c a man pret5d to any hone/ reg>d = ! pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce to law :5 he is will+1 z 9 ! case ( ?is fugitive act1 to transc5d our con/itutional law1 & to invade ! div9e law8 ,x is b an appeal to ! l[] rule ( action to ju/ify a violation ( ! high]4 ,"u ! pretext ( r5d]+ unto ,cs> ! ?+s t are ,cs>'s x d5ies to ,god ! ?+s t are ,god's4 ,& aga91 a true rev]5ce = law is a g5]al pr9ciple1 & n an isolat$ fact4 ,x applies to all laws collectively1 & n to any "o law 9 p>ticul>4 ,x be/[s its greate/ homage ^u ^? laws t embrace & conf] ! mo/ ( human welf>e2 =1 7 all ! laws ( a community1 or ! great majority ( !m1 unrighte\s1 !n disloyalty to law w\ld be ! virtue4 ,c ! class ( m5 :o dem& our allegiance to ! ,fugitive ,slave law /& ?is te/8 ,we h usury laws1 :i* n only c>ry ! legal =ce ( /atutes1 b ! moral p[] ( ! greate/ names 9 legislation & 9 /atesman%ip4 ,are ! m5 9 ,new ,york1 9 ,philadelphia1 & ,bo/on1 :o are mo/ vehem5t 9 support ( ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 signaliz$ = _! reg>d to ! /atutes aga9/ usury8 ,is n money l5t 9 all ^? cities on ! same pr9ciple t wreck]s s5d a rope's end to a dr[n+ man1--= z mu* z !y c extort8 ,x is notori\s t among ! great body ( m]*ants & capitali/s 9 ^? cities1 int]e/ is regulat$ by ! pressure ^u ! money m>ket1 & t no m idea ( law m+les ) _! contracts ?an 9 ,cali=nia1 :]e !re is no law on ! subject4 ,we h laws re/rict+ ! sale ( intoxicat+ liquors1 & design$ to promote ! glori\s object ( temp]ance4 ,= :i* practice h our cities be5 conspicu\s1--= _! ob$i5ce to ^! laws or = _! violation ( !m8 ,a few ye>s ago1 :5 a "q ( ! con/itutionality ( a law ( ,massa*usetts = ! re/ra9t ( intemp]ance arose1 did n its two di/+ui%$ s5ators appe> 9 ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & make ! mo/ /r5u\s ex]tions to annul ! law ( _! own /ate1 & to op5 anew ! flood-gates = ov]:elm+ _! own con/itu5ts 9 mis]y & ru91--! selfsame g5tlem5 :o are n[ s intol]ant ev5 ( discussion8 ,look at ! compla9ts :i* come to u e day f ! fri5ds ( a protective t>iff4 ,!y tell u t our rev5ue laws are fraudul5tly & sy/ematically evad$2 & !y numb] ! violations ( ^! laws by ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,:o are ! violators8 ,n m5 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry2 n ! f>m]s & me*anics & labor]s1--! sub/ratum ( our /r5g? & ! orig9 ( our p[]2--b !y are ! city m]*ants1 ! gett]s-up ( 8,union meet+s10 & ! memb]s ( 8safety & vigilance committees10 :o are s e>ne/ 9 inculcat+ ^? lessons ( ob$i5ce by _! precepts1 :i* !y h done s little to recomm5d by _! example4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates are l\d 9 _! calls ^u u to execute ! ,fugitive ,slave law4 ,b :at examples h !y set u on ! subject ( ob$i5ce to law8 ,i ?9k ,i may be p>don$ = m5tion+ a few cases1 to %[ h[ _! prea*+ & practice tally4 ,9 #ahca1 ! legislature ( ,georgia (f]$ a bribe ( five ?\s& doll>s to any "o :o w\ld arre/1 & br+ to trial & conviction1 9 ,georgia1 a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts1 nam$ ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison4 ,?is law 0 8approv$0 by ,william ,lumpk91 gov]nor1 on ! #bf? ,decemb]1 #ahca4 ,mr4 ,g>rison _h nev] /epp$ foot )9 ! limits ( ,georgia1 & !re=e x 0 n a rew>d = 8 trial & conviction1 b = 8 abduction & murd]4 ,at a meet+ ( slavehold]s1 held at ,/]l+1 9 ! same /ate1 ,septemb] #d1 #ahce1 x 0 =mally recomm5d$ to ! gov]nor1 to (f]1 by proclamation1 ! five ?\s& doll>s appropriat$ by ! act ( #ahca1 = ! appreh5sion ( ei!r ( t5 p]sons1 citiz5s1 ) "o exception1 ( ,new ,york1 or ,massa*usetts1 ^: names 7 giv52 n "o ( :om1 x 0 n ev5 pret5d$1 _h ev] be5 )9 ! limits ( ,georgia4 ,! ,mill$geville1 ,georgia1 8,f$]al ,union10 ( ,febru>y #a1 #ahcf1 conta9$ an (f] ( #aj1jjj = kidnapp+ ,a4 ,a4 ,phelps1 a cl]gyman ( ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,! committee ( vigilance1 7ano!r 8committee ( vigilance107 ( ! p>i% ( ,ea/ ,feliciana1 (f]$1 9 ! ,l\isville ,j\rnal1 ( ,octob] #ae1 #ahce1 #ej1jjj to any p]son :o w\ld deliv] into _! h&s ,ar?ur ,tappan1 a m]*ant ( ,new ,york4 ,at a public meet+ ( ! citiz5s ( ,m\nt ,meigs1 ,alabama1 ,augu/ #ac1 #ahcf1 ! honorable ,b$=d ,g9ress 9 ! *air1 a rew>d ( #ej1jjj 0 (f]$ = ! appreh5sion ( ! same ,ar?ur ,tappan1 or ( ,le ,roy ,sund]l&1 a ,me?odi/ cl]gyman ( ,new ,york4 ,repeat$ in/ances h occurr$ 9 :i* ! gov]nors ( slave /ates1--,virg9ia1 ,georgia1 ,k5tucky1 ,alabama1 c41--h made requisitions ^u ! gov]nors ( free /ates1 "u ! second section ( ! f\r? article ( ! con/itution1 = ! surr5d] ( free citiz5s1 z fugitives f ju/ice1 :5 x 0 well kn[n t ! citiz5s s dem&$ 7 n )9 ! limits ( ! slave /ates at ! "t :5 ! alleg$ (f5ce 0 committ$1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 _h nev] be5 !re 9 _! lives1--high executive p]v]sions ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by *ief magi/rates :o _h sworn to support x6 ,= ne>ly tw5ty ye>s pa/ ! po/-(fice laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 sy/ematically violat$ 9 slave /ates1 ! mail bags rifl$1 & _! cont5ts seiz$ & publicly burn$2 &1 9 "s in/ances1 ^! violations h be5 enjo9$1 "u heavy p5alties1 by a law ( ! /ates4 ,!re are sev]al ( ! slave /ates on ^: /atute books ^! laws1 comm&+ a violation ( ! po/-(fice1 /& to-day4 ,dur+ ,mr4 ,adams's adm9i/ration1 a man by ! "n ( ,tassels1 9 ,georgia1 0 adjudg$ to be hang$1 "u a law ( ! /ate1 z cle>ly uncon/itutional z 0 ev] pass$4 ,a writ ( error 0 su$ out f ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to br+ ! case be=e t tribunal = revision4 ,b ! /ate ( ,georgia anticipat$ ! s]vice ( ! writ1 & made sure ( its victim by hang+ him extemporane\sly4 ,)9 a few weeks pa/1--! acc\nts hav+ b j n[ rea*$ u1--an ag$ & mo/ respectable individual ( ! "n ( ,h>ris1 a citiz5 ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 has be5 tri$ by a mob 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & t>r$ & fea!r$1 because he happ5$ to h 9 8 trunk a s]mon :i* _h be5 s5t to him by "o ( 8 acqua9tances1 a cl]gyman at ! nor?2 ?\gh he _h nev] %[$ ! s]mon to a s+le individual1 nor :isp]$ a ^w ( its cont5ts4 ,ano!r man1 a ,dr4 ,coles1 belong+ to ,bo/on1 :o _h be5 lectur+ on ! subject ( physiology1 01 )9 a few days1 seiz$ & c>ri$ be=e a magi/rate1 9 ! same /ate1 8 trunks rifl$1 ! private lett]s s5t to him by 8 wife & family publicly read1 ) ! mo/ indec5t comm5ts1 & all )\t any %ad[ ( reasonable suspicion aga9/ him4 ,! uncon/itutional imprisonm5t ( nor!rn seam5 9 s\!rn ports is an occurr5ce s frequ5t1 & s univ]sally kn[n1 t ,i ne$ n sp5d "t to enum]ate or to describe ! cases4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has made proclamation1 & pr(f]$ ! milit>y & naval =ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to aid any s\!rn slave own] 9 r$uc+ 8 fugitive slave to a new bondage2 b ,i h n he>d t he has made any simil> proclamation1 or manife/$ any anxiety = ! support ( t "p ( ! con/itution :i* says t 8! citiz5s ( ea* /ate %all be entitl$ to all ! privileges & immunities ( citiz5s 9 ! sev]al /ates40 ,n[1 ) a few exceptions1 x is ^! v classes ( m5 :o violate ! laws aga9/ extortion & usury2 :o break d[n ! b>ri]s aga9/ ! desolations ( intemp]ance2 :o1 almo/ alone ( all our citiz5s1 are implicat$ 9 ! brea* ( ! rev5ue laws2 :o annul ! po/-(fice laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 :o (f] rew>ds = free nor!rn citiz5s1 t !y may get !m 9 _! clut* to lyn* & murd] !m2 :o dem& free citiz5s z fugitives f ju/ice1 9 /ates :]e !y h nev] be51 & :o imprison free citiz5s & sell !m into slav]y2--x is ^! classes ( m5 :o are n[ s sudd5ly smitt5 ) a new s5se ( ! sacr$ness ( law1 & ( ! duty ( ob$i5ce to law1--n ( ! laws ( ,god1 n ev5 ( ! laws ( man1 9 g5]al1 b ( ?is mo/ abom9able ( all enactm5ts1 ! ,fugitive ,slave law 9 p>ticul>4 ,i d n cite ! above cases f among a ?\s& simil> ones1 z any ju/ification or apology = =cible & organiz$ resi/ance to law by ^? :o ev5 con/ructively c be said to h giv5 x _! cons5t4 ,b ! words ( a prea*] d n 8come m5d$ f 8 tongue10 :5 8 "n is a sc&al among m5 = 8 violation ( all ! precepts he enjo9s4 ,& n[1 sir1 :5 ,i am call$ ^u to support su* a law z ?is1 or to desi/ f oppos+ x 9 all con/itutional ways1 :ile x la/s1 my response is1 repeal ! law1 t ,i may no long] be call$ ^u to support x4 ,9 ! "n ( my con/itu5ts1 & by ! memory ( t 8old man eloqu5t10 9 ^: place x is my =tune to /&1 ,i dem& its repeal4 ,i dem& x1-- ,because x is a law :i* w>s aga9/ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( human lib]ty4 ,because x is a law :i* conflicts ) ! con/itution ( ! c\ntry1 & ) all ! judicial int]pretations ( t con/itution1 :]ev] !y h be5 appli$ to ! :ite race4 ,because x is a law :i* introduces a fatal pr9ciple into ! code ( evid5ce1 & into judicial practice1--a pr9ciple1 be=e :i* no man's lib]ties & no man's rights ( any k9d c /&4 ,because x is a law :i* is abhorr5t to ! moral & religi\s s5tim5ts ( a va/ majority ( ! community t is call$ ^u to en=ce x4 ,because ! life & "* ( s _m ( its apologi/s & support]s are !mselves pot5t argum5ts aga9/ :atev] !y may advocate4 ,because x is a law :i*1 if execut$ 9 ! free /ates1 dive/s !m ( ! "* ( free /ates1 & makes !m volunt>y p>ticipators 9 ! guilt ( slavehold+4 ,because x is a law :i* disgraces our c\ntry 9 ! eyes ( ! :ole civiliz$ _w1 & gives plausible occasion to ! vot>ies ( despotic p[] to decry republican in/itutions4 ,because x is a law :i* =bids u to d unto o!rs z we w\ld h !m d to u1 & :i* makes x a crime to fe$ ! hungry1 to clo! ! nak$1 & to visit & succor ! sick & ! imprison$4 ,because x is a law :i* r5d]s ! precepts ( ! gospel & ! tea*+s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ s$iti\s2 &1 7 ! ,savior & 8 b& ( disciples n[ ^u e>?1 !re is b "o ( !m :o w\ld escape its p5alties by pret5d+ 8to conqu] 8 prejudices40 ,&1 f9ally1 ,because ! advocates & def5d]s ( ?is law h be5 compell$ to place its def5ce ^u ! express gr\nd t ! comm&m5ts ( m5 are ( high] au?ority ?an ! ord9ances ( ,god4 ,9 ,hook]'s sublime description ( law1 :5 und]/ood 9 its g5]ic s5se1 he says1-- 8,( law !re c be no less ackn[l$g$ ?an t h] seat is ! bosom ( ,god1 h] voice ! h>mony ( ! _w2 all ?+s 9 heav5 & e>? d h] homage1 ! v lea/ z feel+ h] c>e1 & ! greate/ z n exempt$ f h] p[]2 bo? angels1 & m51 & creatures1 ( :at condition soev]1 ?\gh ea* 9 diff]5t sort & mann]1 yet all ) uni=m cons5t1 admir+ h] z ! "m ( _! peace & joy40 ,n[1 sir1 ) ^! glori\s attributes ( 8law10 ,i say ! ,fugitive ,slave law ( ! la/ session possesses n "o quality 9 common1 nor 9 similitude4 ,to say t ! seat ( su* a law is 9 ! 8bosom ( ,god10 is ! int5se/ blasphemy4 ,to say t x is 8! h>mony ( ! _w10 is to decl>e t ! _w is a sph]e ( ubiquit\s & omnipot5t wrong1 un*eck]$ by any ?\ght ( ju/ice1 & devoid ( any emotion ( love4 ,to say t 8all ?+s 9 heav5 d homage0 to su* a law1 is to affirm ( ! realms ( light :at is true only ( ! realms ( d>kness4 ,! 8lea/0 d n 8feel its c>e10 b tremble & wail b5ea? its cruelty2 :ile ! 8greate/0 & ! /ronge/ are 8exempt f its p[]20 = !y made x n = !mselves b = o!rs4 ,to no class ( 8creatures10 rational or irrational1 human or div9e1 c x prove to be ! 8"m ( peace & joy20 b :]ev] x ext5ds1 & z long z x exi/s1 x w cont9ue to be an ov]fl[+ ,m>ah ( bitt]ness & /rife4 ,z ! great "n ( ,hook] has be5 pr(anely cit$ 9 behalf ( ?is law1 ,i w close by quot+ 8 di/9ction betwe5 ^? laws ( human gov]nm5ts :i* ought to be obey$1 & ^? :i* ought n3-- ----8:i* laws10 says he1 8we mu/ obey1 unless !re be reason %[$ :i* may necess>ily en=ce t ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,reason ,,or ,,( ,,god ,,do? ,,enjo9 ,,! ,,contr>y40 ,,footnotes3 #bj ,su* also is ! law 9 ,l\isiana4 ,see ,l\is vs4 ,m>ot1 #i ,l\is4 ,rep4 #dgc2 ,smi? vs4 ,smi?1 #ac ,l\is4 ,rep4 #dda4 ,,spee* ,,on ,,! ,,fugitive ,,slave ,,law1 ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,lanca/]1 ,,massa*usetts1 ,,may #ai1 #ahea1 ,,p5d+ ,,! ,,canvass ,,= ,a ,,memb] ,,( ,,congress ,,= ,,! ,,f\r? ,,congressional ,,di/rict4 ,,fell[-,,citiz5s2 ,we are assembl$ on a great occasion & = a great purpose4 ,! election ( a memb] ( ,congress1 inde$1 is n an extraord9>y ev5t2 b x is extraord9>y t pr9ciples ( ! mo/ vital importance to ! honor ( ,massa*usetts1 & to ! cause ( human lib]ty ?r\gh\t ! _w1 %\ld be involv$ 9 a local election4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n[ ! fact4 ,g5tlem51 ! ass]tion & ! recognition ( ! rights ( man h made great progress among ! nations ( ,europe )9 ! recollection ( _m :o are n[ be=e me4 ,not)/&+ ! p>tition ( ,pol& by alli$ robb]s1 & ! oblit]ation ( t k+dom f ! map ( ,europe2 not)/&+ ,hung>ian subjugation to ,au/rian despotism1 & _m o!r atroci\s crimes aga9/ humanity1 su* z nations only c commit2 = !y are too va/ & mon/r\s to be p]petrat$ by any individual1--,i say1 not)/&+ ^! facts1 ! great fabric ( human lib]ty has be5 ris+ 9 ,europe1 :ile ! solid /ructures ( despotism h be5 dis9tegrat+ & mak+ ready = _! fall4 ,b tru? compels me to ackn[l$ge t1 dur+ ! la/ ?ree qu>t]s ( a c5tury1 our c\rse1 9 ?is c\ntry1 has be5 d[nw>d4 ,:ile among ! o!r nations ( ,*ri/5dom ! alt>-fires ( lib]ty h be5 k9dl+ & burn+ ) a bright] flame1 ours h be5 wan+4 ,at ! f\ndation ( our gov]nm5t an in/itution exi/$ among/ u utt]ly irreconcilable ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,b x 0 !n limit$ 9 its ext5t1 & its _s n[h]e exi/$ 9 great int5sity4 ,ev5 ^? :o *]i%$ x mo/ 7 a%am$ ( x2 & 9 ^? provisions ( ! con/itution :i* 7 design$ = its tempor>y protection1 a common reg>d = dec5cy =bade ! m5tion ( its "n4 ,fatally to our own peace & honor1 t :i* 0 !n reg>d$ z tempor>y & local1 n[ ?reat5s to be abid+ & univ]sal4 ,f speak+ ( slav]y ) hu%$ brea?1 its bold abettors n[ %\t =? its praises4 ,f provid+ = ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,african slave trade1 !y h conv]t$ ! slave /ates into ano!r ,africa1 ?is side ! tropics2 & by ! successful robb]y ( a neighbor+ republic1 !y seek to create a new ,am]ica1 s t ! slave trade1 once aboli%$ & decl>$ piracy1 may be reviv$ & legaliz$4 ,! ,middle ,passage is to be transf]r$ f ! ocean to ! l&4 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 c41 are to be ! ,gold ,coa/1 ,b591 & ! ,gal9as2 ! place ( supply1 ! place ( dem&1 & ! highways ( comm]ce betwe5 !m are to be )9 our own bord]s & protect$ by ! ,am]ican flag2 & t horrid traffic :i* all ! lead+ nations ( ,*ri/5dom unit$ 9 decl>+ to be a felony puni%able ) dea?1 is n[ to be ma9ta9$ & def5d$ among/ ourselves1 "u p5alty ( dea? & a dissolution ( ! ,union4 ,nor does x suffice t ! tide ( slav]y %\ld rise & ov]fl[ ! va/ & un9habit$ regions ( ! we/4 ,x surges up aga9/ ! free /ates !mselves1 & all ! dikes & b>ri]s ( t con/itutional law :i* we h be5 enact+ = sev5ty-five ye>s1 _c /ay its flood4 ,we ?\ght t ,massa*usetts 0 ! impregnable citadel ( fre$om2 b uncon/itutional & inhuman laws1 dictat$ by slavehold]s1 are n[ en=c$ among/ u1 & at our v doors2 & our s]vices are comm&$ = _! execution4 ,?ank ,god1 !re is a "p ( our p :o1 :ile !y suff]1 resi/4 ,only a portion among/ u h rea*$ t l[e/ dep? ( degradation1 :]e !y surr5d]1 n _! limbs only1 b _! wills1 to ! hateful s]vice ( _! ma/]s4 ,slav]y has done its p]fect "w only :5 ! s\l is enslav$4 ,i rejoice to believe t we h n only sev5 ?\s& 9 ?is our ,massa*usetts ,israel1 :o h n b[$ ! knee to ,baal1 b sev5 hundr$ ?\s&2 & rec5t ev5ts =etell n only an increas+ numb]1 b a m det]m9$ opposition4 ,:y is x1 fell[-citiz5s1 t ,massa*usetts /&s fir/1 or among ! fir/1 9 #ahea1 9 h] ho/ility to ! ,fugitive ,slave law8 ,i answ]1 = ! v reason t %e /ood fir/ 9 h] ho/ility to ! encroa*m5ts ( ! ,briti% cr[n 9 #aggf4 ,& 9 less ?an sev5ty-five ye>s f ?is "t1 ^? :o oppose & ^? :o def5d ?is inhuman law1 w /&1 hi/orically1 z wide asund]1 & w %>e z high an honor or suff] z deep an ignom9y1 z is n[ aw>d$ to ! lov]s ( fre$om & ! m9ions ( p[] :o liv$ at ! era ( ! revolution4 ,let all "y m5 bew>e n to be s$uc$ by any temptations ( imm$iate pr(it or mi/ak5 honor1 to lift a h& 9 def5ce ( ?is law4 ,if !y d1 !n1 be=e !y h liv$ out half _! lives1 !y w be z ready z old ,cranm] to ?ru/ ! (f5d+ memb] into ! flames1 & to say ) him1 8,?is h&1 ?is wick$ h&1 has (f5d$40 ,g5tlem51 we 9 ,massa*usetts are a ,union-lov+1 & law-abid+ p4 ,mr4 ,web/] & 8 8reta9]s0 may sp>e _! brea? 9 exhort+ u to abide by ! ,union4 ,su* a "w1 9 ?is commonweal?1 is a "w ( sup]]ogation4 ,he kn[s1 & !y "k1 t ! numb] ( disunioni/s 9 ?is /ate c be c\nt$ on a man's f+]s & toes4 ,:atev] influ5ce !y ex]t mu/ fl[ f _! zeal1 _! tal5ts1 & _! private "*2 = !y d]ive none f num]ical =ce4 ,7 !y all to settle 9 "o ( our small t[ns1 !y w\ld be out-vot$ by its inhabitants4 ,i reg>d ^! ev]-repeat$ appeals made to ,massa*usetts m5 & to ,new ,engl& m5 to /& by ! ,union1 z n m]ely obtrusive1 b z affrontive & insult+4 ,besides1 :5 a man und]takes ! mission ( go+ r\nd ! c\ntry1 prea*+ hone/y1 or temp]ance1 or *a/ity1 he provokes ! inquiry :e!r he is m hone/1 temp]ate1 or cont95t ?an ^? :om he exhorts4 ,if ! union ( ^! /ates n[ is1 or has ev] be5 v]g+ t[>ds a po9t ( dang]1 x is solely & only because ambiti\s m5 & m]c5>y m5 at ! nor? h giv5 x t direction by recogniz+ s\!rn ?reats & bravadoes z realities1 & ?us enc\rag+ !m4 ,let ! greate/ c[>d see t 8 ?reats are ackn[l$g$ z v]ities1 & he w adopt ! *eap mode ( ?reat5+ in/ead ( ! haz>d\s "o ( act+4 ,c\ld ! ,*9ese h fright5$ away ! ,briti% fleet by _! batt]y ( wood5 cannon1 hav+ ! middle ( ! ends pa9t$ black = a muzzle1 !y w\ld h be5 fools to incur ! exp5se ( brass or iron4 ,b ,john ,bull did n c>e :e!r ! cannon 7 ( wood or ( metal1 & at 8 fir/ fire ! ,cele/ials scamp]$4 ,b "h1 :5 a few m5 9 a few /ates po9t$ _! wood5 guns at u1 ,mr4 ,web/]1 ,g5]al ,cass1 & o!rs1 = _! own ambiti\s purposes1 cri$ out t ! ,union 0 9 dang]4 ,i say1 !n1 if ! union ( ^! /ates ev] has be5 9 any proximity to dang]1 x 0 n f m5aces utt]$ by ! s\?1 b f nor!rn indorsem5t ( !m4 ,if nor!rn lead]s _h di%onor$ in/ead ( indors+ ?is spuri\s pap]1 x nev] w\ld h got into circulation4 ,we are n only ,union-lov+ m51 b1 z ,i said be=e1 we are law-abid+ m54 ,_h ?is n be5 s1 n all ! fleets & armies 9 ! _w c\ld h c>ri$ ,?omas ,sims into bondage4 ,s intimately bl5d$ is ! rev]5ce = law ) ! v s\l ( our p1 t if y c\ld conv9ce !m t a /atute has legal =ce & is b9d+ ^u ! consci5ce1 ,i v]ily believe our juries w\ld give a v]dict 9 favor ( ,%ylock1 ?\gh ! p\nd ( fle% :i* he claim$ 7 to be c>v$ f _! own bosoms4 ,?is side ( a j cause = revolution1 !y w yield submission to all laws enact$ by ! gov]nm5t1 ) "o s+le exception4 ,! exception ,i mean1 embraces ^? laws ( m5 :i* are cle>ly contr>y to ! law ( ,god4 ,& ,i tru/ ! "t is n n[1 & nev] w be1 :5 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,puritans w obey any comm&m5t ( human orig9 if x conflicts ) a div9e comm&1 ?\gh !y h to lie d[n 9 lions' d5s or walk ?r\gh furnace fires1 z ! p5alty ( disob$i5ce4 ,b ) ?is s5tim5t ( rev]5ce = law is ano!r s5tim5t1 :i* is its prop] att5dant & bro!r1--,i mean a desire & a det]m9ation to "k :at t is :i* is call$ law2 :at x is t claims ?is pr]ogative ( controll+ ! w & *all5g+ ! consci5ce4 ,x is 9 ?is _s t !y h discuss$ & mean to discuss ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 & to br+ x1 ,prote/ant fa%ion1 to ! te/ ( individual judgm5t & consci5ce4 ,i h no ne$ to repeat to y ! g5]al provisions ( ?is inhuman enactm5t4 ,no lov] ( lib]ty c read !m )\t hav+ _! atroci\s "* burn$ into 8 m9d ineffaceably4 ,y "k t x assumes to dispose ( ! highe/ int]e/s ( human lib]ty1--! lib]ty ( s\l z well z ! lib]ty ( p]son2--& y "k t x also assumes to dispose ( ! mo/ preci\s int]e/s ( prop]ty1--! prop]ty t a man has 9 himself & 9 all 8 capacities ( physical enjoym5t & suff]+ z well z 8 prop]ty 9 8 money or 8 goods2--)\t a s+le "o ( ^? safegu>ds & protections :i* ! con/itution ( ! c\ntry builds up l a ramp>t ( def5ce ar\nd u all4 ,?is enactm5t1 too1 is no !oretic affair2 x is no dead lett] on ! /atute book4 ,x is a liv+ mon/]1 uncag$ & turn$ loose among/ u1 to rob & dev\r at its w4 ,n[1 ,i h two objections to ?is law1 :i* absolve me f all obligations to execute x1 or1 9 any way or mann]1 to assi/ 9 execut+ x4 ,fir/1 ,i believe x to be contr>y to ! law ( ,god1 :i*1 ,god help+ me1 %all be ! rule ( my conduct1 ?\gh ,i %\ld scatt] political treasons z ! autumn w9d scatt]s leaves4 ,9 8 dread description ( ! judgm5t day1 ,jesus ,*ri/ makes ! di/9ction betwe5 sa9ts & s9n]s to turn ^u ! fact1 :e!r !y h f$ ! hungry1 clo!d ! nak$1 & visit$ ^? :o 7 sick & 9 prison4 ,& :o s hungry z ^? :o d n own1 & _c own a morsel ( bread8 ,:o s nak$ z ^? :o d n own1 & _c own a %r$ ( a g>m5t to protect !m f cold1 or f ! lascivi\s eye8 ,& :at conf9em5t 0 ev] s hopeless z s\!rn slav]y1 :at prison 0 ev] s deep z t prison-h\se :i* holds ?ree millions ( our fell[-be+s )9 its melan*oly walls1--!m & _! po/]ity =ev]8 ,he t refuses ! common acts ( hospitality to ^! victims1 :5 flee+ f _! bondage1 d5ies 8 ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,he t refuses !m1 disobeys e precept ( ! ,savior1 & has no m "r to call himself a ,*ri/ian1 ?an has ! ,fejee isl&]1 :5 he rises f 8 cannibal banquet4 ,he is ! ,levite :o passes by on ! o!r side4 ,& next1 ,i hold ?is law to be contr>y to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !re=e ( no b9d+ =ce ^u my consci5ce or my conduct4 ,i d n mean to say by ?is t ,i %all make =cible opposition to x4 ,i take ! ,quak] gr\nd ^u ?is subject2 ,i w n assi/ to execute x1 ?\gh ,i %all suff] x to execute itself on me4 ,! con/itutionality ( ?is law has be5 ext5sively discuss$4 ,b !re is ?is broad diff]5ce betwe5 ! argum5ts ( ^? :o affirm & ^? :o d5y t x is con/itutional4 ,^? :o d5y x1 argue ! "q ^u its m]its1 ^u pr9ciple1 ^u ^? legal relations & analogies t s nobly *>act]ize ! ,engli% law on ! subject ( human lib]ty4 ,b ^? :o affirm ! con/itutionality ( ! law1 base _! argum5t ^u te*nicalities & ^u prec$5ts1 & !y _c su/a9 !mselves = a mom5t on any o!r gr\nd4 ,!y f\nd !mselves1 9 ! fir/ place1 ^u ! /atutory prec$5t ( #agic1 :i* 0 an act pass$ ) v little delib]ation1 z its hi/ory %[s1 & pass$1 too1 :5 x 0 expect$ on all h&s t slav]y w\ld soon die out4 ,9 ! next place1 !y rely ^u ! judicial prec$5t ( ,prigg's case1 :i* 0 made by a b5* ( slavehold+ judges1 & "s ( ! po9ts :i* ! c\rt pr(ess$ to decide did n arise 9 ! case4 ,n[ ! /atutory prec$5t cov]s only a "p ( ! case2 = "s ( ! mo/ hateful features ( ! law ( #ahej are n to be f\nd 9 ! law ( #agic2 & ! supreme c\rt has nev] pass$ ^u ! law ( #ahej at all4 ,s two po9ts are cle> 9 ! outset1 t ! *ampions ( ! law _c get along )\t ! prec$5ts1 & ! prec$5ts1 9 sev]al mo/ important p>ticul>s1 fail !m altoge!r4#ba ,?is "q has lately be5 discuss$ 9 our own vic9ity4 ,! lib]ty ( a resid5t ( ,massa*usetts1--a man e way entitl$ to a jury trial by our con/itution & laws1 z mu* z y or ,i1--has be5 sacrific$ by a ,unit$ ,/ates commission] 9 ! city ( ,bo/on4#bb ,he has decid$ 9 favor ( ! law4 ,y w\ld naturally suppose t1 9 ord] to %elt] himself f ! odium ( su* a decision1 he w\ld put all p]sonal & all collat]al res\rces into requisition to make ! case z plausible z +5uity c make x4 ,x is said1 too1 t ,mr4 ,web/] & ,mr4 ,web/]'s fri5ds1 & ! commission]'s fri5ds h contribut$ ( _! /r5g? to help ! debility ( ! case4 ,:ile ! cause 0 p5d+ be=e him1 "o ( ! po9ts involv$ 9 x 0 br\ght be=e ! supreme c\rt ( ,massa*usetts1 & also be=e ! circuit c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! commission] adj\rn$ ! case ov] aft] all ! argum5ts ( c\nsel 7 94 ,he !reby gave himself an opportunity = prep>ation & = consultation4 ,i am tak+ no exception to all ?is4 ,i am glad x 0 done4 ,i suppose we n[ h ! bread? & l5g? & /r5g? ( :at c be alleg$ 9 favor ( ! law4 ,i nev] feel s confid5t ( my conclusions z :5 /rong m5 h tak5 ! opposite side1 & h fail$ to su/a9 x4 ,n[1 to ?is decision ( ! commission]1 made "u su* incitem5ts1 & ) su* opportunities1 ,i propose to invite y\r att5tion4 ,! discussion may be dry1 b x w n be un9t]e/+2 = x involves matt]s z important z ! lib]ty ( ! body & ! lib]ty ( ! w1 & ! lib]ty & life ( ! human s\l4 ,x may be said t ^! are legal & con/itutional que/ions1 &1 !re=e1 t unpr(essional m5 _c und]/& !m4 ,b mo/1 if n all ! po9ts :i* ,i %all br+ to y\r att5tion1 are matt]s ( intuition2 que/ions :olly )9 ! jurisdiction ( pla9 common s5se1 & su*1 !re=e1 z c be decid$ by y z well z by lawy]s or judges4 ,& if ,i c conv9ce y ( ! inconclusiv5ess ( "s p>ts ( ?is decision1 ( ! legal ,jesuitism ( o!r p>ts1 & ( ! self-contradiction t p]vades ! :ole1 y w n hesitate to set x aside1 n z null & void m]ely1 b z discr$itable to ! pr(ession ( ! law1 & di%onorable to ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts4 ,! fir/ po9t :i* ! commission] discusses is1 :e!r 9 seiz+1 by 8 w>rant1 a man actually free1 9 decid+1 by 8 judgm5t1 ! exact "q1 :e!r t man 7 a slave1 & 9 s5d+ him1 by 8 c]tificate1 :]e ! la% & ! law ( slav]y apply to 8 body & 8 _s1 he 7 ex]cis+ 8judicial p[]10 z conf]r$ by ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^u su* c\rts z ,congress %\ld e/abli%4 ,he at fir/ decides t he does n ex]cise su* p[]4 ,?is 0 well2 = he kn[s t he 0 nev] appo9t$1 nor commission$1 nor sworn1 nor is paid1 nor removable f (fice = mal-conduct1 z is prescrib$ by ! con/itution 9 ! case ( judges4 ,badly h]oic z he 01 9 fact1 9 ex]cis+ jurisdiction ov] a human be+1 & deliv]+ him ov] into hopeless & irrem$iable bondage1 he 0 n mad en\gh to arrogate1 9 t]ms1 ! pr]ogative ( 8judicial p[]40 ,b :at says 8 sup]ior1 ! attorney-g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,9 an elaborate op9ion1 giv5 by ord] ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--an op9ion :i*1 z ,i suppose1 pass$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! :ole cab9et1 & !re=e may be presum$ to h ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,web/] & ! o!r con/itutional advis]s ( ! ,presid5t1 & :i* c]ta9ly _h ! sanction ( ! ,presid5t himself1 = he act$ ^u x1--9 ?is op9ion ! attorney-g5]al says1-- 8,^! (fic]s1 ! commission]s1 & ea* ( !m1 h judicial p[]1 & jurisdiction to he>1 exam9e1 & decide ! case40 8,! c]tificate to be grant$ to ! own] is to be reg>d$ z ! act & judgm5t ( a judicial tribunal1 hav+ compet5t jurisdiction40 8,congress has con/itut$ a tribunal1 ) exclusive jurisdiction to det]m9e summ>ily1 & )\t appeal1 :o are fugitives f s]vice40 8,! judgm5t ( ! tribunal1 creat$ by ?is act1 is conclusive ^u all tribunals40 ,n[1 :i* is "r1 ! attorney-g5]al1 ) ! ,presid5t & 8 cab9et z indors]s1 or ,mr4 ,commission] ,curtis8 ,i submit to y t ! =m] 7 cle>ly "r1 s f> z ?is1--t :5 ! con/itution decl>es t 8no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law10 7:i* imports a trial by jury17 !n nei!r ,adam ,gibson1 nor ,?omas ,sims1 nor any o!r alleg$ fugitive c be s depriv$1 )\t trial by jury1 & ! judgm5t or s5t5ce ( ! 8judicial p[]0 !reupon4 ,! foll[+ position has nev] be5 answ]$1 & ,i ?9k nev] c be1 namely1 t if a resid5t ( ,massa*usetts c be depriv$ ( 8 8lib]ty & prop]ty10 )\t a trial by jury & a judgm5t ( a c\rt1 !n he may be depriv$ ( 8 life also2 = 8life1 lib]ty1 & prop]ty0 are secur$ 9 ! same section1 9 ! same s5t5ce1 & by ! same safegu>d4 ,! attorney-g5]al held t1 z ! p[] ex]cis$ by ! commission] 0 a 8judicial p[]10 x depriv$ ! p>ty ( all b5efit f ! habeas corpus4 ,& !re 0 "s plausibility 9 ?is1 ?\gh1 ,i ?9k1 no s\ndness4 ,b our def5d]s ( ! law hold t ?is s5d+ ( a man into bondage is n a "p ( ! 8judicial p[]10 & yet t x deprives him ( all b5efit ( ! habeas corpus4 ,t is1 !y hold t a man may be depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty & prop]ty1 7& ( c\rse ( 8 life17 by a m9i/]ial proce$+1 n hav+ its orig9 9 any c\rt1 & n to be prosecut$ to f9al judgm5t 9 any c\rt1 & yet t all ! c\rts 9 ! l&1 compet5t to furni% relief 9 any o!r case1 c af=d none 9 ?is4 ,if ?is be true1 if a proce$+1 held & ackn[l$g$ by ! (fic] :o initiates & conducts x to be a m9i/]ial proce$+1 n orig9at$ by a c\rt1 & nev] to be c>ri$ be=e a c\rt1 does ?us take away ! trial by jury1 & ! security ( hav+ "o's lib]ty & prop]ty adjudicat$ ^u by a 8c\rt10 & r5d]s ! writ ( habeas corpus an empty =m1 !n1 inde$1 we may bid 8f>ewell1 a long f>ewell0 to all our lib]ties4 ,an unpr9cipl$ majority ( ,congress has only to pass a law t any man may be imprison$ or hang$ on an executive w>rant1 & t ! hirel+ m>%al or commission] %all suff] no 8mole/ation by any process issu$ by any c\rt1 judge1 magi/rate1 or o!r p]son :omsoev]10 & despotic p[] w be en?ron$ "h z effectually z x ev] 0 9 ,engl& 9 ! bloody days ( ! ,/u>ts4 ,jeffries 0 at lea/ a judge1 ?\gh he act$ l a commission]4 ,:o c\ld h imag9$1 eight mon?s ago1 t a m9i/]ial proce$+ c\ld put a citiz5 beyond rem$y or rea* ( our c\rts8 ,i n[ come to a position 9 ! commission]'s argum5t :i* is n only transp>5tly fallaci\s1 b is contradict$ by himself1 9 ! same op9ion1 aga9 & aga94 ,i %all (f] a s]ies ( objections to x4 ,! po9t 0 press$ ^u him by c\nsel t he 0 ex]cis+ 8judicial p[]40 ,to ma9ta9 ?is1 a passage 0 quot$ f ,prigg's case1 9 :i* ! c\rt say1 8,a claim made by ! own] out ( possession = ! deliv]y ( a slave 444 con/itutes1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 a controv]sy betwe5 ! p>ties1 & a case aris+ "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )9 ! express delegation ( judicial p[]1 giv5 by t in/rum5t40 ,c any ?+ be m explicit & conclusive1 to prove t ! commission] 0 !n presum+ to ex]cise a "p ( ! 8judicial p[]0 conf]r$ by ,congress exclusively ^u c\rts8 ,& h[ does he answ] x8 ,9 ?is way1 & 9 ?is way only4 ,he says ! c\rt decide two po9ts3-- ,fir/1--,t a claim = a fugitive slave is a case aris+ "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & s )9 ! grant ( 8judicial p[]0 z giv5 by ! con/itution2 & ,second1--8,t be+ su* a case1 belong+ to ! judicial p[] ( ! ,union1 x 0 = ,congress to regulate & prescribe ! rem$y1 ! =m ( proce$+s1 & ! mode & ext5t 9 :i* ! judicial p[] ( ! ,union %\ld be call$ into activity40 ,he !n decl>es 8 full admission ( bo? ^! propositions4 ,& h[ does he answ] ! fir/ "o1 :i*1 at a bl[1 unseats him f 8 usurp$ b5*8 ,he says1 8,! c\nsel = ! prison] h insi/$ mo/ /r5u\sly on ! fir/ ( ^! positions1 b h said no?+ ) reg>d to ! second40 ,& :at ne$ _h ! c\nsel to say any ?+ ab\t ! second1 ! fir/ be+ admitt$8 ,! supreme c\rt _h said1 & he ackn[l$g$ x1 t e case l ! "o !n be=e him 0 a 8case aris+ "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )9 ! express delegation ( judicial p[] giv5 by t in/rum5t40 ,?is 0 equival5t to say+ t x 0 a case :i* c\ld n be adjudicat$ ^u by a commission]1 because a commission] is n a judge1--is no c\rt nor "p ( a c\rt4 ,! pla9 /atem5t ( ! commission]'s language is ?is3 ,! supreme c\rt decl>e t ,i h no jurisdiction 9 ?is case2 b because ! c\nsel said no?+ ab\t ano!r po9t to be f\nd 9 ! op9ion ( ! c\rt1 !re=e ,i w take jurisdiction4 ,b aga92 ?is reply ( ! commission]1 t ! c\nsel said no?+ ab\t ! second po9t1 7:5 he _h ackn[l$g$ ! validity ( ! fir/1 :i* 0 fatal17 is n m]ely an evasion2 x is f\nd$ ^u a false mean+ attribut$ by him to ! second po9t4 ,he says ! c\rt held t x 0 8= ,congress to regulate & prescribe ! rem$y1 ! =m ( proce$+s1 & ! mode & ext5t 9 :i* ! judicial p[] ( ! ,union %\ld be call$ into activity40 ,suppose x 0 = ,congress to d ?is4 ,might !y n transc5d _! p[] :5 do+ x8 & does n 8 admission ( ! fir/ po9t prove t !y h transc5d$ _! p[]8--! v po9t !n 9 "q4 ,! two ?+s _c /& toge!r4 ,if ! trial ( ! issue1 8fugitive slave or n10 be1 89 ! /ricte/ s5se10 8)9 ! express delegation ( judicial p[] giv50 by ! con/itution1 !n ?is m9i/]ial commission] _c ex]cise x1 & ,congress _c emp[] him to ex]cise x4 ,besides1 ! decision ( ! c\rt 0 made 9 #ahdb4 ,! law1 ^: con/itutionality !y _h !n "u discussion1 0 pass$ 9 #ahej4 ,did ! c\rt 9 '#db decl>e1 or c\ld !y decl>e1 t any law !reaft] pass$ by ,congress on ?is subject %\ld be held con/itutional8 ,did _! decision act prospectively1 & adjudge a law to be con/itutional1 :i* 0 to be pass$ eight ye>s aft]w>ds8 ,s f> f ?is1 ! po9ts !n "u discussion1--namely1 ! p[] ( a commission] to adjudge a case m important ?an life or dea?1 & ! obligation ( a commission] to he> ex p>te evid5ce1 & to be conclud$ by x :5 he>d1--^! que/ions did n come be=e ! supreme c\rt 9 '#db1 & h nev] be5 be=e ! supreme c\rt at all4 ,b because t c\rt _h said1 ye>s be=e1 t x belongs to ,congress to prescribe ! mode ( recov]+ fugitive slaves1 !re=e1 says ! commission]1 if ,congress %\ld ve/ ?is p[] 9 commission]s1 7& 9 slave trad]s or pirates j z well17 x w\ld be valid4 ,& because ! c\nsel did n answ] ?is po9t1 ! commission] decides an admitt$ po9t1 conclusive 9 _! favor1 aga9/ !m4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,aft] decl>+1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! op9ion1 8 full conviction t ! deliv]y ( an alleg$ fugitive comes )9 8! express delegation ( judicial p[]10 he uses1 f>!r on1 ! foll[+ language3 8,x w\ld seem10 says he1 8t x only rema9s to inquire :e!r ! act ( #ahej au?orizes or requires any ?+ m ?an a summ>y m9i/]ial proce$+ 9 aid ( ! "r secur$ by ! con/itution1 namely1 ! "r ( removal40 ,& he holds t x does n4 ,! act :i*1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! op9ion1 0 ackn[l$g$ to belong1 89 ! /ricte/ s5se10 to ! 8judicial p[]10 has n[ ceas$ to be 8any ?+ m ?an a summ>y m9i/]ial proce$+40 ,& aga9 he says1 8,i h endeavor$1 9 ! =ego+ discussion1 to %[ t ?is is a summ>y m9i/]ial proce$+10 c4 8,if ?is be s1 & ,i c ent]ta9 no d\bt t x is10 c4 ,?is sudd5 transmigration f a judge to an execution]1 f "o :o ackn[l$g$ t ! deliv]y ( an alleg$ fugitive is an act ( 8judicial p[]10 to "o :o holds t x is ,,n 8any ?+ m ?an a summ>y m9i/]ial proce$+10 may suit a disciple ( ,py?agoras1 or ! prie/s ( ! ,h9doo religion1 b x ill becomes an exp\nd] ( ,am]ican jurisprud5ce4 ,i proce$ to ano!r po9t 9 ! commission]'s decision1 namely1 ! nature & au?ority ( 8judicial p[]20 & :5 ,i h discuss$ x1 ,i %all submit to y\r good s5se :e!r ,i d him any inju/ice 9 say+ t x is mo/ p]spicu\sly fallaci\s & lucidly absurd4 8,9 all gov]nm5ts =m$ ^u ! ,engli% model10 says he1 8!re is a c]ta9 class ( inquiries1 p[]s8 judicial 9 _! nature1 b :i* are confid$ to (fic]s n con/itut+ a "p ( ! judici>y1 /rictly s call$40 7,i d n l ?is sub/itution ( ! ^w 8inquiries0 = 8p[]s40 ,if any ?+ "u heav5 %\ld be call$ a p[]1 ! pr]ogative ( s5d+ a human be+1 presumptively free1 into bondage1 is surely "o47 ,he !n in/ances c]ta9 (fic]s 9 ,great ,brita91 :o1 ?\gh n judges1 p]=m1 z he says1 c]ta9 judicial functions4 ,a brief rem>k w suffice = ?is4 ,great ,brita91 hav+ no writt5 con/itution1 ! curr5t ( its legislative enactm5ts & its judicial decisions makes its con/itution4 ,if1 !n1 x has be5 ! prevail+ practice ( t gov]nm5t to conf] any giv5 description ( p[]s ^u any giv5 class ( (fic]s1 !n t is :at ! ,briti% con/itution all[s & approves4 ,b we h a writt5 con/itution1 & !re=e are n to tol]ate a law1 7z 9 ! case ( ?is ,fugitive ,slave law17 :i* is repugnant to its fundam5tal provisions4 ,by ?is con/itution1 all legislative p[]s !re9 grant$ are ve/$ 9 ,congress2 executive p[] 9 a ,presid5t1 & judicial p[] 9 ! c\rts4 ,! con/itution ( ,massa*usetts is equally explicit4 ,x says1 8,9 ! gov]nm5t ( ?is commonweal? ! legislative dep>tm5t %all nev] ex]cise ! executive & judicial p[]s1 or ei!r ( !m2 ! executive %all nev] ex]cise ! legislative & judicial p[]s1 or ei!r ( !m2 ! judicial %all nev] ex]cise ! legislative & executive p[]s1 or ei!r ( !m2 to ! end x may be a gov]nm5t ( laws1 & n ( m540 ,9 bo? ^! con/itutions1 ! ?ree functions ( gov]nm5t1 namely1 to legislate1 to adjudicate1 & to execute1 are expressly recogniz$2 & ! :ole ( _! di/9ctive p[]s are lodg$ 9 sep>ate dep>tm5ts4 ,no m5tion is made ( any hybrid or mongrel class1 half judicial & half executive1 or half m9i/]ial & half judicial1 or comp\nd$ ( aliquot p>ts ( ea*4 ,su* an (fic]1 "u ei!r con/itution1 w\ld be a mon/]2 he w\ld hold ! same relation to _! legitimate function>ies t ,caliban does to ! human race2 &1 if creat$ = execut+ ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 t half devil & half bea/ w\ld be ! fitt+ prototype4 ,! commission] pr(esses to h f\nd a class ( cases1 bo? "u our /ate & national con/itutions1 :]e p[]s1 8judicial 9 _! nature1 & special 9 _! purpose1 may be confid$ to ! det]m9ation ( (fic]s :o are n judges40 ,on ?is po9t he has exp5d$ himself4 ,"h lay ! pressure & travail ( 8 case4 ,see+ t1 9 decid+ ! great issue be=e him1 8slave or free10 he 0 ex]cis+ judicial p[]1 & 9 ord]+ an arm$ =ce to convoy ! victim to 8 h\se ( bondage he 0 ex]cis+ m9i/]ial or executive p[]1 7?us bl5d+ ! functions :i* bo? con/itutions h sep>at$17 ! commission] felt t he mu/ f9d "s analogy or "s prec$5t to cov] up ?is obvi\s violation ( all pr9ciple1 or 8 argum5t 0 9 ru9s4 ,x is 9 ru9s2 = he has f\nd no su* prec$5t1 & _c f9d any4 ,! in/ances he cites f ,massa*usetts are1--#a4 ,%]iffs1 :o may preside ov] juries :5 assess+ damages = lay+ out highways1 & may decide su* que/ions ( law z arise on ! trial2 #b4 ,auditors1 :o may exam9e v\*]s & /ate acc\nts betwe5 p>ties1 & make report !re( to ! c\rt2 #c4 ,commission]s ( insolv5cy1 appo9t$ to di/ribute insolv5t e/ates2 &1 #d4 ,c\nty commission]s1 :o lay out highways4 ,n[1 no?+ c be cle>] ?an t1 9 no "o ( ^! cases does ! (fic] nam$ ex]cise 8judicial p[]40 ,indisputably1 univ]sally1 & necess>ily1 by =ce ( ! phrase itself1 ! t]m 8judicial p[]0 embraces ! idea ( a p[] ^: decision c be en=c$ 9 invitum2 t is1 aga9/ an unwill+1 conte/+1 resi/+ p>ty4 ,! sublime p[] ( a c\rt becomes no?+ness1 & is ridicul\s1 if its decrees _c be execut$ to ! v dea? ( ! p>ty aga9/ :om !y are made4 ,= ?is purpose1 !y are back$ by all ! civil p[] ( ! /ate2 & %\ld ?is prove insuffici5t1 !y are back$ by all ! milit>y p[] ( ! /ate2 &1 ev5 beyond ?is1 by ! :ole milit>y & naval p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,)\t ?is1 judges are b puppets1 or no bett] ?an 8m5 9 buckram40 8,judicial p[]0 does n consi/ 9 a %]iff's presid+ ov] a jury1 nor 9 an auditor's ca/+ up acc\nts1 nor 9 a commission]'s ciph]+ out ! divid5ds ( an insolv5t's e/ate1 nor 9 c\nty commission]s' lay+ out roads2 b x consi/s 9 ent]+ up a judgm5t :i* has ! armories at ,spr+field & ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 :i* has ! /&+ army & militia ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* has fifty l9e-(-battle %ips1 :i* has ! treasury ( ! nation1 to back x1 & to visit ) dea? "o man1 a ?\s& m51 or a hundr$ ?\s& m51 if ne$ be1 :o %all confront x ) resi/ance4 ,look1 fell[-citiz5s1 at ?is wret*$ sophi/ry4 ,! %]iff mu/ make return ( ! v]dict ( ! jury to ! c\rt ( common pleas1--:i* is a ,,c\rt1--& if ei!r p>ty sugge/s good gr\nds ( dissatisfaction1 ! :ole proce$+ is a nullity1 & ! inve/igation mu/ be made aga92 & aga9 & aga91 & t5 times aga91 until e act & lett] ( x become unexceptionable4 ,! auditor mu/ make 8 report to ! c\rt t appo9t$ him1 & if ! c\rt see cause1 !y set aside bo? x & him4 ,! acts ( ! commission]s ( insolv5cy d]ive all _! validity f ! cons5t ( ! p>ties1 or f ! judgm5t ( a c\rt1 :i* sub/itutes ! =ce ( law = cons5t4 ,& no act ( ! c\nty commission]s1 9 tak+ a man's l&1 is wor? ! pap] x is writt5 on1 until ! v]dict ( ! jury is return$ to ! c\rt ( common pleas1 & !re =mally accept$ & record$4 ,nay1 e intellig5t f>m] 9 ! c\ntry kn[s ! fact1 t ?\gh ! commission]s h laid out a new road1 or ord]$ an old "o to be %ut up1 /ill1 if a p>ty1 feel+ himself aggriev$1 dem&s a jury1 ! =m] _c be work$1 nor ! latt] clos$1 until ! c\rt ( common pleas %all h pass$ ^u ! proce$+ & ratifi$ x4#bc ,if1 h[ev]1 9 all ! above cases1 ! p>ties 9 int]e/ cons5t to ! acts ( %]iff1 auditor1 or commission]1 !n ^? acts become b9d+1 by virtue ( su* cons5t4 ,! p>ty cons5t+ is aft]w>ds e/opp$ f que/ion+ !m4 ,b !y d]ive no au?ority f any 8judicial p[]0 ve/$ 9 ! (fic]s p]=m+ !m4 ,we h a case m exactly 9 po9t1 & bett] illu/rat+ ! pr9ciple1 9 ! f\r? section ( ! n9ety-sev5? *apt] ( our ,revis$ ,/atutes1 :]e x is provid$1 t 89 actions ^u promissory notes & o!r contracts1 :]e ! am\nt due appe>s to be undisput$1 ! debt or damages may be assess$ & asc]ta9$ by ! cl]k1 ei!r "u a g5]al ord] ( ! c\rt1 or by a special ref]5ce ( ! case to him2 & ! judgm5t1 9 ei!r case1 %all be ent]$ 9 ! same =m z if x _h be5 aw>d$ by ! c\rt1 on an assessm5t or computation made by !mselves40 ,yet :o w pret5d t ?is act ( ! cl]k1 :i* is p]=m$ only :]e !re is no dispute betwe5 ! p>ties1 emanates f any 8judicial p[]0 9 t (fic]8 ,! in/ances cit$ "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution h1 if possible1 /ill less plausibility4 ,! commission]s appo9t$ by ! c\rts c initiate c]ta9 proce$+s1 by hold+ p>ties to trial1 c41 b ?is function is no m judicial ?an t ( ! gr& jury 9 f9d+ an indictm5t4 ,x is a prelim9>y to a judicial act1 b n su* an act4 ,! commission]s are n ev5 requir$ to be sworn1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 x is kn[n !y are n sworn4 ,s ( ! case ( :i* s mu* is attempt$ to be made1--t ( ! commission] ( pat5ts4 ,any p>ty feel+ himself aggriev$ by any ( 8 decisions c appeal directly to ! c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = r$ress4 ,comp>e all ?is ) analog\s in/ances 9 ! legislative dep>tm5t ( gov]nm5t4 ,! legislatures ( mo/ ( ! /ates h creat$ commissions to revise _! codes ( /atute law4 ,massa*usetts has _h sev]al su*4 ,our revis$ /atutes are a monum5t ( ! labor ( "o ( ^! commissions4 ,b 7 !y legislators8 ,0 _! propos$ code ( any validity until enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives8 ,j z mu* z ! acts ( %]iff1 auditor1 or commission]s ( ! diff]5t k9ds1 7 acts ( judicial p[]1 & no m4 ,are ! selectm5 ( our t[ns legislators1 because !y decide1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 :o are elect$ z memb]s ( our ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives8 ,are our gov]nor & c\ncil legislators1 9 bo? ! /ate & national gov]nm5ts1 because1 on an exam9ation ( votes transmitt$ to !m by ! selectm51 !y issue c]tificates ( election to our /ate s5ators & to ! memb]s ( ,congress elect8 ,d !y ex]cise any "p ( t p[] :i* makes 8ea* h\se ! judge ( ! elections1 returns1 & qualification ( its own memb]s08 ,j z mu*1 ,i reply1 z %]iff1 auditor1 commission]1 or cl]k1 does ( 8judicial p[]40 ,!y p]=m acts prelim9>y or antec$5t to legislation1 b no legislative act2 j z ! above-nam$ classes ( (fic]s p]=m acts prelim9>y or antec$5t to judicial decisions1 b nev]1 9 any case1 ! au?oritative & compulsory judicial act itself4 ,! /r5g?1 or r1 ! weakness1 ( ! commission]'s argum5t1 on ?is po9t1 consi/s 9 ! obtrusive1 project+1 self-%\t+ fallacy ( us+ ! exact1 te*nical1 con/itutional phrase1 8judicial p[]10 z synonym\s ) ! popul> expression1 8a judici\s act10 or 8! ex]cise ( judgm5t40 ,(fic]s ( all k9ds ex]cise 8judicial p[]10 9 ?is broad & popul> s5se ( ! phrase2 t is1 !y p]=m acts requir+ good judgm5t4 ,umpires1 arbitrators1 & ref]ees p]=m acts precisely l ^? ( judges1 b !y _c put ! :ole physical /r5g? ( ! gov]nm5t 9 motion to en=ce !m4 ,s %]iffs decide ^u ! id5tity ( ! p>ty nam$ 9 _! precepts2 po/ma/]s1 to :om !y %all deliv] lett]s1 & :at po/age !y %all dem&2 cu/om-h\se (fic]s1 ^u ! nature & value ( dutiable goods2 assessors1 9 levy+ taxes2 p>5ts & tea*]s1 on matt]s ( discipl9e1 c41 c4 ,9 a popul> s5se1 !y may all be said to ex]cise judicial p[]2 b no p>ticle ( t p[] :i*1 by ! fundam5tal law ( our gov]nm5t1 is ve/$ 9 ! 8c\rts40 ,_! acts are all exam9able by ! c\rts4 ,!y _c set ! arm ( ! gov]nm5t 9 motion to execute _! judgm5ts4 ,inde$1 ! :ole argum5t ( ! commission] on ?is po9t is b a play ^u words4 ,x is only a trick ( v]bal leg]dema94 ,! premises he />ts ) are unkn[n to ! con/itution1 & ! conclusion he comes to is abhorr5t to humanity4 ,does n e body see t1 9 ord] to make ! cases p>allel1 9 ord] to obta9 any legitimate gr\nd ( comp>ison betwe5 !m1 ,sims %\ld h _h ! same p[] ( appeal+ f ! commission]'s decision1 to a c\rt1 :i* p[] ( appeal belongs ( "r to a p>ty :o feels aggriev$ by ! act ( %]iff1 auditor1 or commission]2 & t ! c]tificate %\ld b9d him only by 8 volunt>y ass5t8 ,b !re is ano!r po9t 9 ! commission]'s op9ion :i* is wor?y to be companion to ?is4 ,i proce$ to consid] x4 ,he repeats1 & keeps repeat+1 t 8 decision1 doom+ ,sims to all ! horrors ( bondage1 & putt+ him "u ! control ( a man :o claims title to 8 body & 8 s\l1 to be c>ri$ into a jurisdiction :]e su* titles are ackn[l$g$1 is n 8,,f9al40 ,x is n f9al1 he says1 because if ,sims be free1 he may extort t fre$om f ! laws ( ,georgia :i* has be5 d5i$ to him by ! laws ( ,massa*usetts2 t is1 if ! judgm5t :i* ! commission] is giv+ aga9/ a free man1 9 a free /ate1 is a false judgm5t1 he may g to a slave /ate to obta9 r$ress1--:i* is t5 ?\s& times worse ?an if a jury1 9 a capital case1 %\ld say1 ,we may f9d ?is prison] guilty2 = if he be wrongfully hang$1 ,god w make him am5ds4 ,besides ! inhumanity ( ?is position1 x conta9s a fallacy :i* is tw9-bro!r to ! "o j consid]$4 ,! judicial ^w1 8f9al10 has a legal1 te*nical1 & c]ta9 mean+4 ,9 ! c\rts1 & 9 ! law books1 x means ! la/ judgm5t 9 a judicial proce$+4 ,x means t judgm5t f :i* a p>ty _c appeal1 ?\gh he may ev] s mu* desire x2 or x means t judgm5t1 aft] :i*1 h[ev] dissatisfi$ ! p>ty may be1 he _c h 8 cause retri$ or rehe>d by a c\rt1 b is compell$ to submit4 8,f9al judgm5ts10 says ,black/one1 8are su* z at once put an end to ! action40 ,?is is a precise description ( ! judgm5t r5d]$ by ! commission] aga9/ ,sims4 ,t victim resi/$ by pray]s & te>s1 by ! subdu+ eloqu5ce ( 8 c\nsel1 & by _! irresi/ible logic1 :i* ! commission] has nev] yet begun to answ]4 ,b ! self-con/itut$ judge 0 inexorable4 ,?\gh he knew t1 accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! ,fugitive ,law1 !re 0 no escape f 8 decision2 ?\gh he knew t 8 c]tificate 0 to protect ! man-hunt] f all 8mole/ation by any process issu$ by any c\rt1 judge1 magi/rate1 or o!r p]son :omsoev]10 yet1 l ,pilate1 he wa%es 8 h&s & says1 8,i am innoc5t ( ?is man's blood1 see ye to x20 = my decision is n 8f9al40 ,& :y8 ,because1 9 ano!r jurisdiction1 9 ano!r suit1 :]e ! pla9tiff is to be def5dant1 & ! def5dant pla9tiff1 or p]haps aga9/ ano!r p>ty2 9 a place1 too1 :]e all ! common-law presumptions 9 favor ( fre$om are rev]s$2 :]e ! law is diff]5t1 & ! rules ( evid5ce are diff]5t2 & :]e ! respond5t himself is r$uc$ to ! condition ( a *attel & a brute1 a decision1 at "s indef9ite future p]iod1 may be _h t ! man1 :om ! commission] n[ decl>es to be a slave1 is free1 & has always be5 s4 ,because ( ?is future & cont+5t ev5t1 because ( ?is almo/ impossible possibility1 ! commission]'s decision is n f9al4 ,i d5y ?is4 ,! decision is f9al1 because1 z ,black/one says1 x 8at once puts an end to ! action40 ,b let u te/ ! "q1 n only by its legal def9ition1 b by its actual effects4 ,x decides t ,sims is a slave4 ,x decides t he owes s]vice to ,james ,pott]4 ,x decides t ,pott] & 8 heirs & assigns =ev] are ! lawful own]s ( ,sims & ! heirs ( 8 bondage =ev]2 & :5 ,sims & 8 po/]ity %all be sc\rg$1 torn1 flay$1 mutilat$1 />v$1 ! only consolation :i* ! commission] has = him & !m is1 ,%all ! clay say to ! ,pott] t fa%ione? x1 ,:at make/ ?\8 ,x n only decides t ,sims is a slave1 & t he %all be s5t to ,georgia1 b x s5ds famili>s1 l ^? :i* once disgrac$ ev5 ! purlieus ( ! ,inquisition1 to see t ! devili% de$ is done4 ,! :ole argum5t ( ! commission]1 t ?is act ( 8 is n f9al1 is f\nd$ on a quibble1--on ! use ( ! legal ^w 8f9al10 z ?\gh x 7 synonym\s ) ! popul> ^w et]nal or p]petual4 ,! slav]y ( ,sims may n be et]nal or p]petual2 because1 by "s miracle ( ,god1 or o!rwise1 he may escape4 ,b 9 a te*nical & juridical s5se ! decision ( ! commission] is f9al2 & he might z well doom a man to be hurl$ f ! ,t>peian rock1 & say t ! act is n f9al1 because he only commits ! victim to ! laws ( gravitation1 z he has committ$ ,sims to ! laws ( ,georgia4 ,if by any possibility ?is doctr9e1 t ! decision is n f9al1 c\ld be = a mom5t su/a9$1 !n ,i w submit a case ) :i* to comp>e x4 ,! con/itution says1 8,no /ate %all pass any law impair+ ! obligation ( contracts40 ,"h we h a con/itutional basis1--! same z = ! reclamation ( fugitive slaves4 ,"s /ates h pass$ laws impair+ ! obligation ( contracts1 z ! /op-laws ( ,k5tucky1 & s =?4 ,suppose a ,massa*usetts cr$itor to claim to h a ,k5tucky debtor1 ^: contract has be5 s impair$4 ,c\ld ,congress1 9 ord] to give efficacy to ?is con/itutional provision1 au?orize ?is pret5d$ cr$itor to g to ,k5tucky1 seize en\gh ( ! alleg$ debtor's prop]ty to satisfy ! alleg$ debt1 & c>ry x home1 or h x ord]$ home by a magi/rate1 "u "s 8summ>y0 process1 :i*1 on its face1 excludes ! trial by jury2 & !reby deb> ! suppos$ def5dant ( all "r "u t provision ( ! con/itution :i* gives a jury trial :5 ! value 9 controv]sy exce$s tw5ty doll>s8 ,& c\ld ! ,k5tucky magi/rate1 9 ! suppos$ case1 d5y ! jury trial on ! gr\nd t ! proce$+ be=e him 0 n 8f9al10 because ! def5dant might foll[ ! pla9tiff to ,massa*usetts1 & !re in/itute an action ( replev91 trespass1 or trov]1 to try1 be=e a jury ( ! c\ntry1 ! "r ( ! =m] pla9tiff to ! prop]ty he _h seiz$8 ,! commission] says mu* 9 diff]5t places1 ) ! app>5t hope ( %[+ t ! proce$+ be=e him 0 only = :at he calls a 8limit$ & special purpose10 namely1 8removal40 ,i confess myself unable to und]/& :y ! c]tificate ( ! commission] is any m re/rict$ to a limit$ & special purpose ?an any judicial act1 s5t5ce1 or execution1 ( any c\rt :atev]4 ,! commission] decl>es a prima facie freeman to be a slave4 ,he decl>es t ,james ,pott] owns ,?omas ,sims1 & ! po/]ity 9 8 lo9s =ev]2 or t ,?omas ,sims & 8 po/]ity =ev]1 owe s]vice to ,james ,pott] & 8 heirs & assigns =ev]4 ,does ?is 8=ev]0 limit ! mean+ ( ! c]tificate1 z to "t8 ,if s1 !n a g5]al or unlimit$ aw>d or execution1 aga9/ ,sims1 z contradi/+ui%$ f ?is limit$ & special "o1 mu/ ext5d & run into ! next _w4 ,:5 our c\rts decide t "o man owes ano!r man money1 !y aw>d execution aga9/ 8 prop]ty1 ) c]ta9 humane exemptions z to clo!s1 furniture1 provisions1 s*ool books1 ,bible1 c4 ,b :5 ?is commission] decid$ t ,sims ow$ ,pott] s]vice1 he aw>d$ a c]tificate aga9/ ! adjudg$ debtor1 :i* made no exemption :atev]2 b includ$ prop]ty1 clo!s1 books1 sk91 fle%1 he>t1 bra91 s\l1 & all t 0 9 him1 or ( him1 ) all appurt5ances & app5dages1 pres5t emblem5ts1 & future increase4 ,yet1 accord+ to ! commission]1 ! fir/ judgm5t is a common or g5]al "o2 ! la/ 8special & limit$40 ,"u our old laws1 7& "u ! laws ( "s /ates yet17 c\rts c\ld s5t5ce (f5d]s to ! b>b>\s puni%m5t ( flogg+4 ,b !y 7 & are b\nd to specify ! numb] ( la%es4 ,?is is g5]al4 ,! commission] deliv]s ov] a slave to be flogg$ by 8 ma/]1 ad libitum1 & 9 p]petuum1 to be flogg$ 9 8 own p]son1 & to be flogg$ 9 ! p]sons ( 8 *ildr51 & _! po/]ity1 9 secula seculorum4 ,! def9$ flogg+ ( ?irty-n9e1 or su* o!r numb] ( la%es z c be comput$1 ! commission] calls g5]al or indef9ite4 ,b ! incomputable numb] ( la%es2 ! va/1 unkn[n1 algebraic quantity2 ! inf9ite s]ies2 t :i* ,newton ) all 8 ma!matics c\ld n compass1 nor ,rosse ) 8 telescope see ! end (1--t is 8special & limit$40 ,! tak+ ( a limit$ am\nt ( a man's prop]ty1 c>efully set d[n 9 doll>s & c5ts1 bo? 9 ! text & 9 ! m>g9 ( ! execution1 ! commission] calls a g5]al purpose4 ,b ! robb+ ( a man1 n only ( all he has e>n$1 b ( all 8 capabilities ( e>n+ z long z he brea!s1 ) full au?ority to d ! same ?+ to 8 po/]ity to ! late/ g5]ation1 ?is is 8special & limit$40 ,to s5t5ce a man to be hang$ by ! neck till he be dead1 ?\gh ) privilege ( prie/1 pray] book1 & ,bible1--?is1 too1 is g5]al & prop]2 ?\gh 9 ,massa*usetts x c be done only by a majority ( ! judges ( ! supreme c\rt4 ,b to s5d a man to be work$ to dea? 9 five ye>s on a sug> plantation1 :]e 8 be+ taught to read ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is a felony1--?is is 8special & limit$10 & s may be done by any hirel+ commission] :o w d :at ,judas did = "o ?ird "p ( 8 silv] pieces4 ,fell[-citiz5s1 ,i submit to any man1 cl]ical1 legal1 or lay1 :o is capable ( appreciat+ moral di/9ctions1 :e!r ?is :ole doctr9e1 ab\t deliv]+ a man up z a slave1 & putt+ him bodily into ! h&s ( ! claimant1 & ?ru/+ him into slave jurisdiction1 "u ! pretext t x is done only = ! special & limit$ purpose ( removal1 be n atroci\s4 ,x is m l a =g]y ?an an argum5t4 ,assum$ le>n+ & logic nev] practis$ a great] imposition ^u !mselves1 nor attempt$ a great] "o ^u o!rs1 ?an :5 !y fabricat$ ?is notion1 t adjudg+ a man to be a slave1 /ripp+ him ( 8 lib]am legem1 t is1 ( all 8 rights & immunities z a citiz51 & deliv]+ him into actual bondage1 is 8= a special & limit$ purpose ( removal10--only to give him a voyage1 or a pleasure excursion ( a few hundr$ miles1--out1--b n back4 ,:5 ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 claim+ to hold ! keys ( heav51 & to h dea? & hell = 8 m9i/]s1 excommunicat$ :ole sects & peoples1 & deliv]$ !m ov] to ! great s\l-hunt]1 & s5t 8 famili>s ) !m to see t ! 8claimant0 suff]$ no 8mole/ation0 :ile convey+ !m to ! bottomless pit1 he might z well h said t he did x only = a 8special & limit$ purpose40 ,x 0 n damnation1 x 0 only 8removal40 ,& d y suppose ! devil1 c\ld he h got possession ( ^? outca/ s\ls1 w\ld h c>$ any m "u :at pret5ce ! great pontiff commission] made ! deliv]y1 ?an does ! s\!rn slavehold]1 :5 he gets possession ( a man ( :om he c make a slave8 ,?is fallacy ab\t ! 8special & limit$ purpose ( removal0 did n orig9ate ) ,mr4 ,commission] ,curtis4 ,i exculpate him f t guilt4 ,he only adopt$ x & gave x a 8bad em95ce0 by mak+ x1 9 "p1 ! basis ( 8 decision4 ,b h5ce=? let ! p br& x4 ,let !m classify x & d5\nce x1 & dete/ x1 z belong+ to t impi\s & blasphem\s k9d ( argum5ts by :i* our fir/ p>5ts 7 beguil$1 :5 ,satan told !m t1 ?\gh !y s9n$ aga9/ ,god1 !y %\ld n die2 or by :i* ,mr4 ,web/] cajol$ & coz5$ s _m hone/ m51 :5 he assur$ !m1 t ?\gh !y %\ld violate ! moral law1 by op5+ all ! t]ritories to slav]y1 yet "s physical law ( geography or ! wea!r w\ld av]t ! p5alties4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( all dec5t mat]ials = an argum5t1 ! commission] resorts to t t5 times explod$ position1 t !re is an analogy betwe5 fugitives f ju/ice & fugitives f s]vice4 ,:]e c\ld he f9d a b&age ( prejudice ?ick en\gh to bl9d him to ! di/9ction1 t ! condition ( deliv]+ up ! =m] is t he be *>g$ ) crime1 :ile ! condition ( deliv]+ up ! latt] is t he be held to labor1 & t he owes s]vice8 ,h[ c x be said t a man owes s]vice1 until ! fact ( ! indebt$ness be prov$8 ,su* reasonable suspicion ( guilt z ju/ifies a gr& jury 9 f9d+ a bill ( indictm5t is suffici5t 9 ! "o case1 b su* positive pro( z w\ld require ! c\rt to ent] up judgm5t & aw>d execution is absolutely necess>y 9 ! o!r4 ,! gov]nm5t dem&+ a fugitive f ju/ice seeks possession ( him = a trial1 be=e a c\rt & jury1 ( ! "q ( crim9ality2 b ! claimant ( an alleg$ fugitive f s]vice seeks possession ( him to avoid a trial1 be=e a c\rt & jury1 ( ! "q ( fre$om4 ,! con/itution requires t e p]son accus$ ( crime %all be tri$ 9 ! /ate & di/rict :]e ! crime %all be *>g$ to h be5 committ$2 b x makes no su* provision 9 reg>d to ! alleg$ fugitive f s]vice2 & ?is injunction 9 ! "o case1 & omission 9 ! o!r1 create ! irresi/ible inf]5ce1 t !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 & t ! alleg$ fugitive f s]vice1 accord+ to all ! analogies ( ! common law1 is to be tri$ :]e he is f\nd4 ,b !re is "o di/9ction :i* is broad en\gh & lum9\s en\gh to make a bl9d man see x4 ,an alleg$ fugitive f ju/ice is n adjudg$ to be a crim9al previ\s to deliv]y1 nor is he made a crim9al1 9 ! eye ( ! law1 by ! act ( deliv]y4 ,b ! alleg$ fugitive f s]vice is adjudg$ a slave1 & made a slave by ! c]tificate ( ! commission]4 ,! /ate receiv+ a fugitive f ju/ice does n proce$ =?) to puni% him4 ,b ! receiv] ( an alleg$ fugitive f s]vice owns him1 & may proce$ to control him1 & beat him1 & rob him1 & />ve him1 on ! v in/ant t ! commission] puts ! c]tificate into 8 h&s4 ,if any "o _c see ?is di/9ction1 no act ( ! moral oculi/ c give him sight4 ,! pap]s in=m u t :5 ,sims 0 l&$ 9 ,savannah1 he 0 tak5 to jail & receiv$ ! 8usual reprim&10 :i*1 z e body kn[s1 is a flay$ & blood-/ream+ back4 ,by ^: c]tificate 0 ! n9e-?ong$ cat laid on8 ,_h he be5 a murd]] or a pirate1 w\ld excoriation h be5 ! fir/ act ( welcome on 8 arrival8 ,no6 ,murd]]s & pirates w\ld h _h a jury4 ,! law is b5efic5t to !m2 x saves its t]rors = ! slave4 ,a man :o w n see su* a di/9ction z ?is1 w\ld excite no pity %\ld he be made to feel x4 ,9 treat+ ?is topic1 ! commission] makes "o ass]tion t seems insane4 ,he says t1 to au?orize ! deliv]y ( a fugitive f ju/ice1 9 ord] to 8 removal1 8x mu/ be prov$ t he has committ$ a crime40 ,su* a decl>ation 0 nev] made be=e1 & ,i d n believe x w be ev] made aga94 ,y c\ld n f9d a lawy] s\? ( ,mason & ,dixon's :o w\ld v5ture to say ?is4 ,e body kn[s t ! suppos$ crim9al ne$s only to be *>g$ ) crime4 ,x is ! alleg$ slave :o mu/ be prov$ to be held to s]vice be=e he c be con/itutionally surr5d]$4 ,b z ?\gh ?is 0 n absurd en\gh1 ! commission] goes on to say1 t ?\gh ! alleg$ fugitive f ju/ice mu/ be prov$1 9 ! place :]e he is tak51 8to h committ$ a crime10 yet1 aft] 8 removal1 he mu/ be prov$ aga9 to h committ$ x4 ,h[ c a man be prov$1 9 any legal way1 to h committ$ a crime1 )\t be+ confront$ ) ! witnesses aga9/ him8 ,:y1 aft] hav+ be5 s prov$1 is he put ^u trial aga98 ,z to all ! commission] says 9 d5ial ( ! "r ( trial by jury1 ,i %all make b "o or two rem>ks4 ,i h argu$ t "q else:]e2 &1 until ,i see "s answ] to t argum5t1 ,i h no occasion = repetition or corroboration ( x4 ,aft] us+ ! ^w 8p]son0 "s tw5ty times1 to signify ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 electors1 s5ators1 repres5tatives1 ,unit$ ,/ates (fic]s1 ,indians1 ,africans1 c41 ! con/itution decl>es t 8no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law20--?is 8due process ( law0 mean+ trial by jury4 ,?is is "o fact4 ,adam ,gibson1 ,h5ry ,long1 ,?omas ,sims1 & _m o!rs1 "s ( !m n[ ackn[l$g$ on all h&s to h be5 free1 h be5 s5t into slav]y )\t ?is trial4 ,?is is ano!r fact4 ,n[ put ^! two facts toge!r4 ,no man %all be depriv$ ( lib]ty or prop]ty1 except by ! jury trial4 ,^! m5 h be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty & prop]ty )\t ! jury trial4 ,^! are ! two ends4 ,n[ fill up ! space betwe5 !m ) :at y please1 & call x argum5t1 law1 gospel1 or :at y w1 e body mu/ see t x is no?+1 & c be no?+ b ,mephi/ophiles' juggl]y4 ,i dismiss ?is po9t ) a s+le proposition3 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 we "k no legal di/9ction f\nd$ on color4 ,?r\gh all ! gradations1 f ! p]son :o has ! pret]natural :it5ess ( an ,alb9o to "o :om y c see 9 ! d>ke/ midnight1 because he is s solid black1--all1 all1 "u our con/itution & laws1 are alike freem51 or alike slaves4 ,not)/&+ ! commission]'s decision makes u all slaves1 yet ,i ma9ta9 t1 9 ! eye ( ! law1 we are all free4 ,h[ !n c any "o ( u freem5 be robb$ ( lib]ty & prop]ty1 & turn$ into a slave1 b by freeman's pro(1--t is1 trial by jury8 ,i ackn[l$ge t aft] we h be5 prov$ to be slaves by freeman's pro(1 !n all ! unutt]able consequ5ces ( slav]y foll[1 ( c\rse2 j z :5 a man has be5 prov$ to be a murd]]1 ! consequ5ces ( murd] foll[4 ,b ,,until1 m>k ?is1 ,,until a man has be5 prov$ to be a slave by freeman's pro(1 he rema9s legally free4 ,& a magi/rate :o takes jurisdiction ( a proce$+ by :i* a man may be depriv$ ( lib]ty or prop]ty1 )\t freeman's pro(1 prejudges 8 victim1 :5 he all[s ! fir/ witness to be call$1 or ! fir/ pap] to be read2 & he might j z well d x1 9 a case ( 8life10 z 9 a case ( 8lib]ty & prop]ty40 ,! next position ( ! commission] :i* ,i %all notice relates to ! "r ( ,congress to make use ( /ate c\rts to execute ,unit$ ,/ates laws4 ,n[ we h ! express au?ority ( ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = say+ t 8,congress _c ve/ any portion ( ! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except 9 c\rts orda9$ & e/abli%$ by itself40--,m>t9 vs4 ,hunt]'s ,lessee1 #a ,:eaton1 #ccj4 8,! :ole judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be1 at all times1 ve/$ 9 "s c\rts creat$ "u its au?ority40--,ib4 #cca4 8,! jurisdiction ov] su* cases1 cases aris+ "u ! con/itution1 laws1 & treaties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c\ld n exi/ 9 ! /ate c\rts previ\s to ! adoption ( ! con/itution1 & x c\ld n aft]w>ds be directly conf]r$ on !m2 = ! con/itution expressly requires ! judicial p[] to be ve/$ 9 c\rts orda9$ & e/abli%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates40--,ib4 #cce4 ,b ! commission] ref]s to a passage 9 ,prigg's case1 9 :i* x is said t 8:ile a diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s 444 :e!r /ate magi/rates are b\nd to act "u x1 a law ( ,congress1 none is ent]ta9$ by ! c\rt1 t /ate magi/rates may1 if !y *oose1 ex]cise ! au?ority1 unless prohibit$ by /ate legislation40 ,waiv+ all exceptions to ?is doctr9e1 ! utmo/ t c be made ( x is ?is3 t /ate magi/rates may execute a law ( ,congress1 unless =bidd5 by a law ( _! /ate2 b :5 s =bidd51 !y _c2 & ,congress c nei!r compel !m to d s1 nor annul a prohibitory law ( ! /ate1 by giv+ validity to ! act ( ! magi/rate1 p]=m$ 9 violation ( ! /ate law4 ,n[ m>k ! non sequitur ( ! commission]'s logic4 ,see h[ 8 premises belong to "o subject1 & 8 conclusion to ano!r4 ,because a ,massa*usetts magi/rate may execute a law ( ,congress1 unless ! ,massa*usetts legislature =bid him1 b if s =bidd5 he c no long] d x1 !re=e1 :5 ! ,massa*usetts legislature has s =bidd5 him1 ,congress may s5d ! magi/rates ( ,georgia1 or ( any o!r /ate1 into ,massa*usetts1 to d :at our own /ate _h =bidd5 our own magi/rates to d4 ,i say 8s5d ! magi/rates ( ,georgia "h20 because ,congress may j z well1 & ev5 bett] = u1 au?orize ! magi/rates ( any /ate 9 ! ,union to come "h1 set up c\rts1 & pass s5t5ces :i* %all convey our citiz5s into bondage1 z to /ay at home & make records1 :i*1 :5 br\ght "h1 %all h ! same effect4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! law-logic ( ! commission]3 ,because a ,massa*usetts magi/rate may aid 9 reclaim+ an alleg$ fugitive on ,massa*usetts gr\nd1 unless =bidd5 by 8 /ate1 yet1 if s =bidd51 !n ! legislatures ( fifte5 slave /ates may s5d _! magi/rates1 or ! acts ( _! magi/rates "h1 to d ! same ?+4 ,! /ate might prev5t its own magi/rates f aid+ 9 ?is nef>i\s "w1 b ?is w\ld be ( no avail1 = any "o1 or all1 ( fifte5 sets ( slave /ate magi/rates may come & d ! =bidd5 act4 ,pi]pont ,edw>ds once said ( a cl]gyman1 t if 8 text _h a contagi\s disease1 ! s]mon w\ld n cat* x2 & a bl9d man1 be+ ask$ to describe 8 conception ( color1 comp>$ x to a clap ( ?und]4 ,b all _! ideas 7 coh]5t & homog5e\s comp>$ ) ^? premises & conclusions ( ! commission]1 by :i* ! ,/ate ,rights' doctr9e is exp\nd$ to mean1 ! "r ( "o /ate to s5d its magi/rates into ano!r /ate1 to d :at ! latt] has lawfully prohibit$ its own magi/rates f do+4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a nev] claim$ s mu* z ?is4 ,"u ! fir/ head1 :]e x _h be5 urg$ by c\nsel1 t a freeman might h no opportunity to prove 8 fre$om 9 ! /ate f :i* he 0 alleg$ to h fl$1 because ! claimant 0 "u no obligation to c>ry him to t /ate1 b might s5d him to ! ,cuban or ,brazilian m>ket1 ! commission] %uts 8 eyes to ^! v probable consequ5ces1 & refuses to consid] !m2 b "u ! fif? head1 :]e an argum5t 9 favor ( ! slavehold] c\ld be d]iv$ f consequ5ces1 he n only argues elaborately f !m1 b bases 8 judgm5t ^u !m4 ,!re are two rem>ks ?r[n out 9 ! c\rse ( ! commission]'s op9ion s %ock+ to e feel+ ( humanity1 t any "o1 9 comm5t+ ^u !m1 may well be excus$ = pass+ f ! language ( argum5t to t ( emotion4 ,if !re be any "o "r kn[n to ! common law m important & sacr$ ?an all o!rs1 x is ! "r ( confront+ & cross-exam9+ ! witnesses :o are br\ght to te/ify aga9/ u4 ,)\t ?is "r1 !re is no fraud t _c be practis$ ^u ! mo/ hone/ man1 & no guilt t _c be prov$ aga9/ ! mo/ innoc5t "o4 ,d\btless ?is "r ( cross-exam9ation is sometimes abus$2 b !re are few spectacles m excit+ or m gratify+ ?an to see ! demons ( falsehood driv5 out1 "o aft] ano!r1 f a p]jur$ villa91 until ! tru?1 at la/1 is wr5*$ f 8 he>t1 not)/&+ ! d\ble bolt+s & b>r+s ) :i* he _h lock$ x !re4 ,! fe> ( ?is cross-exam9ation 8ca/+ its %ad[s be=e10 has prev5t$ ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s f swe>+ falsely4 ,next to hone/y1 ?is fe> is ! greate/ protection to prop]ty1 lib]ty1 & life4 ,n[ ! te/imony :i* doom$ ,sims to slav]y1 & :i* may doom any ( u ) our wives & *ildr5 to slav]y1 :5 m5 gr[1 n m wick$1 b only a little m bold 9 _! wick$ness ?an !y are n[1 0 :olly ex p>te te/imony2 tak51 n m]ely beh9d ! victim's back1 b a ?\s& miles beh9d 8 back2 ( :i* he _h no k1 &1 unless he 7 omnisci5t1 l ,god1 c\ld h no k4 ,& :5 ! c\nsel ( ,sims urg$ ^u ! commission] ! enormity ( ?is outrage aga9/ all pr9ciple1 :at 0 8 reply8 ,x 0 ?is1 & x makes a man's blood run cold to read x3 ,sims's abs5ce f ,georgia1 8s t he c\ld n be s]v$ ) notice1 if he 0 entitl$ to x1 0 9 8 own wrong1 & he _c n[ compla9 t he _h no opportunity to cross-exam9e ! witnesses40 ,i appeal to all hi/ory to prove1 t no judge :o ev] sat ^u a b5* :]e ! common law 0 recogniz$ & adm9i/]$1 h[ev] corrupt he may h be51 ev] advanc$ a m atroci\s doctr9e4 ,:y1 g5tlem51 if a debtor absconds = ! v purpose ( defraud+ 8 cr$itors1 he mu/ h notice be=e he c be proce$$ aga9/ = ! recov]y ( a debt4 ,if he flees f ! /ate1 lurks & hides himself1 he mu/ h ! be/ notice ! c\rt c contrive to give him4 ,if ! pla9tiff recov]s & takes out execution1 he mu/ file a bond condition$ to make re/oration2 & ye>s aft]w>ds1 if ! def5dant %all come back & %[ cause2 he %all be entitl$ to a review to annul ! :ole proce$+s aga9/ him4 ,ay1 :5 a crim9al1 a robb]1 a murd]]1 an inc5di>y1 is br\ght to trial1 ev5 he mu/ be 8confront$ ) ! witnesses aga9/ him1 h compulsory process = obta9+ witnesses 9 8 favor1 & ! assi/ance ( c\nsel 9 8 def5ce40 ,& yet ! commission] makes pro( out ( no?+1 t ,sims escap$ f slav]y1 & !n1 because ( ?is no?+-made pro(1 he inculpates him ) be+ abs5t 89 8 own wrong40 ,! o!r po9t ref]r$ to arose f c]ta9 te/imony1 7if x c be call$ te/imony17 t ! "m ( ,sims begg$ ! witness1 8:e!r h] son 0 9 a free /ate or 9 a slave /ate1 = ,god's sake1 to br+ him back aga940 8,?is10 says ! commission]1 8c]ta9ly dis>ms ! case ( any unpleasant features06 ,:y1 ev5 ! k9e ( ! b>n-y>d1 :5 ! but*] cuts ! ?roat ( h] "y1 w weep & l[1 & bell[1 = days & days1 & say1 z well z 9 h] in>ticulate moan+s %e c say1 8,= ,god's sake1 let x be br\ght back aga920 ?\gh ! only consequ5ce ( its return w\ld be to h its ?roat cut by ! but*] aga94 ,& are we to expect t ! brutaliz$1 *atteliz$ 8cattle0 ( ! s\? w h less ( t natural ye>n+ & long+ ( ! s\l1 at ! loss ( _! (fspr+1 ?an ! animals ( ! f>m]'s y>d8 ,c we suppose t ,god has n plant$ ! in/9ct ( a "m's love too deep to be de/roy$ b by ! de/ruction ( ! be+ h]self 9 :om x 0 plant$8 ,no6 debase ! "m z y w1 by ignorance1 vice1 sup]/ition1 lu/1 concub9age1 ince/1 & ?is weal? ( affection w /ill gl[ at ! bottom ( h] he>t1 8ri* z ! oozy bottom ( ! deep 9 sunk5 wrack & sumless treasures40 ,& because ?is "m's love _h n be5 all ext+ui%$1 ! commission] says t 8 s5d+ a human be+ into ! abyss ( bondage1 on evid5ce t an intellig5t b>b>ian w\ld reject1 8c]ta9ly dis>ms ! case ( any unpleasant features40 ,b ,i %all n expo/ulate ) ! commission]4 ,a man mu/ h a he>t be=e he c feel1 z he mu/ h eyes be=e he c see4 8,o1 :o c pa9t a sunbeam to ! bl9d1 ,or make him feel a %ad[ ) 8 m9d80 ,fell[-citiz5s1 ,i might occupy y\r att5tion mu* long] ^u ?is unprec$5t$ op9ion ( ! commission]2 b !re are two or ?ree o!r topics to :i* ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion1 & ,i !re=e =be>4 ,9 say+ :at ,i h said1 ,i disclaim all p]sonal ill w or disc\rtesy t[>ds t magi/rate4 ,ev5 %\ld ,i appe> n to h succe$$ 9 suppress+ my own feel+s1 ,i c]ta9ly _c w\nd 8 m ?an he has w\nd$ m9e1 & ^? ,i believe ( n9e t5?s ( all :o h ev] read 8 op9ion2--n by a ?\s& fold z mu* z he has w\nd$ ! law1 ^: s]vant he is1 or ! fair fame ( ,massa*usetts1 ( :i* he is a citiz52 n s mu* z 8 decision w w\nd ! he>ts ( an intellig5t po/]ity1 :o %all look back ^u x z a p>tisan & an ignoble act1 n to be rememb]$ )\t a sigh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! legal relations ( slav]y did n su/a9 ! moral ones1 z ! root su/a9s ! bran*es & n\ri%es ! fruit1 ^? moral relations w\ld seem to dem& all our att5tion4 ,i "k b comp>atively little1 & no man liv+ at ! nor? c "k b comp>atively little1 ( ! v>i\s & ev]-repeat$ wick$nesses ( ?is in/itution4 ,x has be5 my lot1 h[ev]1 to live = ab\t half ! "t1 dur+ ! la/ f\r ye>s1 9 ! mid/ ( a mild] =m ( slav]y4 ,& besides ?is1 ,i 0 once engag$ = ab\t six weeks 9 ! trial ( causes gr[+ directly out ( slav]y2 & t exp]i5ce gave me "s insight into its dreadful my/]ies4 ,= a mom5t1 ! w9d blew ! smoke & flame aside1 & ,i look$ into its hell4 ,i saw1 !n1 z ,i _h nev] se5 be=e1 :at a vital & inext+ui%able int]e/ e human be+ has 9 ?is subject2--n ! slaves alone1 b ! free m52 n vot]s only1 b all :o c be affect$ by votes2 n m5 only1 b especially wom54 ,= ?is reason1 ,i am glad to see s _m ladies 9 ?is audi5ce4 ,x becomes !m to be "h4 ,if any mortal %\ld cultivate an abhorr5ce ( slav]y1 ! female sex %\ld d x4 ,:atev] any "o may hold to be ! social relation betwe5 free wom5 & slave wom51 yet be=e ,god & ,*ri/1 & all ! holy angels1 !y belong to ! same si/]hood ( ! human race4 ,!y are y\r si/]s4 ,& :at is ! condition ( ^! y\r si/]s1 9 reg>d to ev]y?+ t a virtu\s & noble woman holds mo/ sacr$ & de>8 ,ladies1 !re are n[ 9 ?is l& ( pret5d$ fre$om & pret5d$ gospel a million & a half ( wom5 :o h no practical k ( :at a woman's high] life %\ld be1 or :at a woman's mo/ preci\s rights are4 ,s9ce ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! numb] ( slaves 9 ?is c\ntry has increas$ f less ?an five hundr$ ?\s& to m ?an ?ree millions2 & be=e ! close ( ?is c5tury1 _! desc5dants w increase to m ?an ?rice ?ree millions4 ,& yet1 nei!r z to ! liv+ nor z to ! dead1 has !re ev] be5 a lawful m>riage among !m all4 ,!re has nev] be5 a man slave :o c\ld say1 8,?is is my wife1 he>t ( my he>t1 & life ( my life1 & no mortal p[] %all pluck h] f my side40 ,!re has nev] be5 a woman slave :o c\ld say1 8,?is is my lawful1 w$d$ husb&1 :om ,i promise to love & *]i%1 & to :om ,i v[ inviolable con/ancy40 8,= ?is cause10 says ,*ri/1 8%all a man leave fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave to 8 wife1 & !y twa9 %all be "o fle%40 ,b ! 8twa90 ( slaves are nev] "o4 ,& ev5 :5 any %am c]emony is obs]v$1 to di/+ui% ?is holy relation ( husb& & wife f ! cohabitations ( bea/s1 & he :o (ficiates comes to ^? o!r words ( ,*ri/1 8,:at1 !re=e1 ,god has jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]10 he /ops2 = he kn[s1 & !y all "k1 t a few doll>s1 at any "t1 w br+ b]eavem5t ^u bo?1--a d\ble b]eavem5t1 he a wid[] & %e a wid[1 bo? /ill surviv+4 ,_! life1 at be/1 is b a life ( concub9age2--n ev5 t concub9age1 :i*1 ?\gh n f\nd$ ^u a lawful contract1 has /ill some?+ l conjugal fidelity 9 x1 & !re=e a semblance ( virtue2 b a v>i\s & vagrant concub9age1 trav]s+ ! circle ( ov]se]1 ma/]1 ma/]'s gue/s1 & ma/]'s sons4 ,! fate ( ! *ildr5 born to ! slave "m y all "k4 ,^? objects ^u :i* all mat]nal affections meet & gl[ z 9 a focus1 are torn f h] bosom1 l lambs f ! flock :5 ! %ambles are empty4 ,& z to ^? females :o are "y1 sprightly1 & h&some3-- ,*>ge me n ) indelicacy 9 t\*+ ^u ?is !me4 ,honi soit qui mal y p5se4 ,i speak n to fa/idi\s e>s1 b to ! pure 9 he>t1 to :om all ?+s are pure4 ,i speak ( et]nal v]ities1 be=e ^: massive =ce ! he>t trembles & b[s itself1 z re$s be=e ! tempe/4 ,x is ! grosse/ & mo/ %ameless ( all indelicacies to patronize & multiply vice1 ?r\gh pusillanimity 9 expos+ x1-- ,z to ^? females1 ,i say1 :o are "y1 sprightly1 & h&some1 :om ,god has damn$ ) beauty ( =m & beauty ( face1 because !y only attract ! gloat+ eye ( passion1 :o c describe ! loa?som5ess ( _! life8 ,!y are rip5$ = ! ,new ,orleans1 or = "s o!r m>ket1 :5ce s\!rn h>ems are suppli$2 z1 "u ! ,mahometan religion1 :ite ,caucasian beauties are s5t to ! slave m>ts ( ! d>k]-sk9n$ ,turk4 ,9 t company ( sev5ty-six p]sons :o attempt$1 9 #ahdh1 to escape f ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 ! s*oon] ,pe>l1 & ^: (fic]s ,i assi/$ 9 def5d+1 !re 7 sev]al "y & heal?y girls :o _h ^? peculi> attractions ( =m1 ( feature1 & ( complexion1 :i* s\!rn connoisseurs 9 s5sualism s highly prize4 ,elizabe? ,russell 0 "o ( !m4 ,%e fell imm$iately into ! slave-trad]s' fangs1 & 0 doom$ = ! ,new ,orleans m>ket4 ,! he>ts ( ^? :o saw h] & =esaw h] fate 7 t\*$ ) pity4 ,!y (f]$ eighte5 hundr$ doll>s to r$eem h]1 & "s !re 7 :o (f]$ to give1 :o w\ld n h _h mu* left aft] ! gift4 ,b ! fi5d ( a slave trad] 0 inexorable4 ,he knew h[ he c\ld transmute h] *>ms into gold ?r\gh ! fires ( s94 ,he dem&$ tw5ty-"o hundr$ doll>s1 7?\gh = m5ial s]vices %e w\ld n h be5 wor? m ?an f\r or five17 & w\ld take no?+ less4 ,%e 0 despat*$ to ,new ,orleans1 b :5 ab\t half way !re1 ,god _h m]cy ^u h] & smote h] ) dea?4 ,p]haps1 =esee+ h] fate1 %e practis$ :at1 "u su* circum/ances1 we might call ! virtue ( suicide4 ,!re 7 two girls nam$ ,edmundson 9 ! same company4 ,:5 ab\t to be s5t to ! same m>ket1 an old] si/] w5t to ! %ambles to plead ) ! wret* :o own$ !m1 = ! love ( ,god1 to sp>e 8 victims4 ,he bant]$ h]1 tell+ h] :at f9e dresses & f9e furniture !y w\ld h4 8,yes10 said %e1 8t may d well 9 ?is life1 b :at w become ( !m 9 ! next80 ,!y1 too1 7 s5t to ,new ,orleans1 b !y 7 aft]w>ds r$eem$ at an enorm\s ransom1 & br\ght back4 ,!re 0 "o girl1 :o1 aft] h] recapture 9 ! ,pe>l1 0 sold six times 9 sev5 weeks1 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 = h] beauty's sake4 ,b %e prov$ h]oically & sublimely intractable4 ,l ,rebecca1 ! ,jewess1 %e w\ld h flung h]self f ! l(tie/ battlem5t1 r ?an yield h] p]son to a villa94 ,not)/&+ h] ma/]s' pret5ce t !y _h b\ght h] ) _! money1 & own$ h] s\l1 yet %e _h weal?1 :i*1 ?\gh all ! e>? 7 8"o entire & p]fect *rysolite10 x c\ld n buy4 ,x 0 n difficult1 !re=e1 to pur*ase h]1 & %e 0 r$eem$ & came to ,new ,york2 & ,i h be5 in=m$ 9 ! mo/ au!ntic mann] f ! lady ( ! v respectable family ( :i* %e became an inmate1 t1 on an exam9ation ( h] p]son1 aft] ! heal+-"t ( ! j\rney _h pass$1 h] body 0 f\nd sc>r$ & wal$ ) :ip m>ks1 :i* ! villa9s inflict$ ^u h] because %e w\ld n come to _! b$4 ,n[1 suppose a si/] or daught] ( y\rs1 ( ?is h]oic s\l & spotless purity1 %\ld f9d h]self on ! way to ,new ,orleans2--suppose1 by almo/ sup]human p[] & adroitness1 %e %\ld escape1 & %\ld ?read h] solit>y & d>ksome pa?1 = hundr$s ( miles1 t[>ds ! nor? />2 %\ld lie d[n 9 cav]ns1 ) poison\s reptiles by day1 & pursue h] lonely j\rney by night1 f9d+ ! bea/s ( ! =e/s to be less t]rible ?an man2 %\ld swim riv]s1 & keep (f fam9e by roots & insects1 until at la/1 ?anks be to ,god1 %e sets h] mangl$ & ble$+ feet ^u ! soil ( fre$om4 ,p]haps "s e*o ( ! fame ( ! ,pilgrim mo!rs has rea*$ h] e>s4 ,%e has he>d ( ,bo/on & its noble wom5 ( old1 & %e hies hi!r z to a city ( refuge1--z to a sanctu>y :]e virtue has an alt>1 & :]e %e c lay d[n h] hunt$ & we>y body1 & be at re/4 ,fallaci\s hope6 ,! le*] pursues 8 prey1 & he is "h4 ,he goes to "s ,gloss9 lawy] :o sues out a w>rant2 & to "s ,jack ,ket* :o s]ves x4 ,! victim is seiz$ at midnight1 "u "s ly+ *>ge1 & %e is c>ri$ be=e a commission]1 ^: conduct1 7 he a quasi judge1 z he pret5ds to be1 w\ld be en\gh to make e hair ( ! judicial erm9e =ev] dete/able4 ,"h a process is gone ?r\gh :i* %e does n und]/&1 & "s pap]s are read ( :i* %e nev] he>d1 & !n a judgm5t is pron\nc$ t h] 8labor0 is 8due0 to h] pursu]1 7& su* labor67 t %e 8owes s]vice0 to him1 7& su* s]vice67 & !n ! commission] deliv]s h] into 8 arms1 & pockets a fee :i* common pimps w\ld be a%am$ to "w =4 ,&1 my fri5ds1 ! ke5e/ pang 9 ! grief ( all ?is is1 t !re is no fiction or romance ab\t x4 ,a commission] :o c\ld br+ himself d[n to s5d a man to a ,georgia cotton-field "u ?is law1 ! fir/ "t try+1 c\ld s5d a virtu\s & spotless woman into en=c$ h>lotry ! second "t2 & ! pr9ce ( d>kness only kn[s :at he c\ld n set him to d aft]w>ds4 ,! cl]gym5 :o c\ld def5d ! enslav]s ( ,sims because he 8ow$0 ! 8s]vice0 ( "o sex1 c\ld def5d ! enslav]s ( a woman because %e 8ow$0 ! 8s]vice0 ( ! o!r sex2--! cl]gym5 ( ! ri* p>i%es ,i mean2--= x happ5s1 ) ! con/ancy ( a law ( nature1 t x is only ! cl]gym5 ( ! ri* p>i%es :o d ?is4 ,d !y n "k h[ to s]ve & rev]5ce _! ,"l & ,ma/]1--t is1 _! ,l&lord & ,payma/]6 ,b1 fell[-citiz5s1 z our feel+s are /imulat$ to ! ke5e/ s5sibility1 9 look+ at ! inf9ite ( wrong :i* slav]y commits2 z we see ! millions & millions ( human be+s dimly em]g+ into view1 & cr[d+ d[n ! vi/a ( futurity to bla/ our eyes ) ! vision ( _! woe1 a pot5t voice r+s 9 our e>s1 exclaim+1 8,conqu] y\r prejudices10 8,,conqu] ,,y\r ,,prejudices40 ,& ?is execrable c\nsel is utt]$ 9 ref]5ce to ! inf9ite crime & disgrace ( s5d+ into slav]y1 )\t a trial1 ^? :o are free "u our laws1--! m5 to /ripes & dea?1 & ! wom5 to ! body's %ame & ! s\l's p]dition4 ,f\l]1 bas]1 m ungodly c\nsel 0 nev] utt]$1 s9ce x 0 said to our fir/ p>5ts 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 8,on ! day ?\ eate/ !re( ?\ %alt n surely die40 ,& :at is x t ?is long-honor$ eulogi/ ( lib]ty1 b n[ its great apo/ate1 blasphemes ) ! "n ( 8prejudice08 ,if !re be "o s5tim5t m deeply root$ 9 ! public he>t ( ,massa*usetts ?an any o!r1 m int]tw9$ & gr[n toge!r ) all ! fibres ( its be+1 x is ! s5tim5t ( lib]ty4 ,we h drunk x 9 ) our mo!rs' milk2 we h imbib$ x f all ! lessons ( ! s*ool-room & ! tea*+s ( ! sanctu>y2 we h inspir$ x ) ! atmosph]e we brea!1 & our organs h be5 attun$ to x f our bir?1 by ! an!ms ( ! m\nta9's w9d & ! ocean's ro>4 ,x 0 f ! love ( lib]ty t our e>li] fa!rs pluck$ !mselves up by ! roots f t natal soil into :i* !y _h be5 fa/5+ = c5turies4 ,= ?is !y w&]$ abroad ^u ! ocean1 deem+ its +ulf+ surges to be m tol]able ?an a tyrant's p[]4 ,= ?is !y transplant$ !mselves to ?is l&1 at t "t m di/ant & m =midable to !m ?an any "p ( ! habitable globe c\ld n[ be to u4 ,= ?is !y p]=m$ ! d\ble task ( endur+ all privations & dang]s1 & at ! same "t ( lay+ ! f\ndations ( all our free & glori\s in/itutions2 & z ! sires 7 /rick5 d[n by toil & dea?1 ! sons took up ! "w & bore x on1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,= ?is noble s5tim5t ( lib]ty our lat] fa!rs enc\nt]$ ! p]ils & dea?s ( a sev5 ye>s' w>1 & amid pov]ty & de/itution1 amid hung] & cold & nak$ness1 )\t any ( ! protections & def5ces ( battle :i* ! weal? ( _! foe c\ld comm&1 !y b>$ _! noble brea/s to ! %ock ( ! mail$ legions ( ! ,briti% cr[n4 ,& :5 ! /ruggle 0 end$ & ! triumph won1 !y a*iev$ labors ( peace n less magnanim\s & wond]ful ?an _! labors ( w>4 ,!y 7 ! patt]n m5 ( ! _w2--n aggressive1 n submissive2 n ho/ile1 n s]vile2 do+ "r1 dem&+ "r2 !y 7 ! m5 :o w\ld nev] wield ! oppressor's rod1 & w\ld g mad at ! t\* ( 8 heel4 ,n[1 !re is n "o ( all ^? glori\s de$s1 f ! emb>kation at ,delf?av5 to ! sign+ ( ! peace ( #aghc1 or ! inauguration ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t 9 #aghi1 :i* 0 n begott5 by ! love ( lib]ty1 or w\ld h be5 p]=m$ )\t its creative en]gy4 ,& yet1 ! ar*-apo/ate1 /&+ 9 ! city ( ,bo/on1 ! home ( old ,samuel ,adams & ,john ,hancock1 )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ! spot :]e ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 born1 9 sight ( ,bunk] ,hill1 & ) ,lex+ton & ,concord1 z x 71 j hid+ !mselves beh9d ! hills = %ame1 calls all ?is a 8prejudice10 & comm&s u to ca/ x f u z an unclean ?+4 ,0 x n en\gh to make ! /ones 9 ! /reets1 & e block 9 t et]nal %aft :i* m>ks ! spot :]e ,w>r5 fell1 cry out 8) mo/ miracul\s organ0 to rebuke him8 ,we h ano!r1 & x is a k9dr$ 8prejudice40 ,we h a 8prejudice0 ( sixty ye>s' /&+ 9 favor ( ! pr9ciple ( ! ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,t ord9ance has be5 *]i%$ 9 our memories1 x has be5 taught to our *ildr51 & we h display$ x be=e ! _w bo? z ! pl$ge & ! promise ( our devotion to lib]ty4 ,five /ates1 n[ numb]+ five millions ( m51 7 ! battalions :om t ord9ance :eel$ f ! ranks ( ,belial to ! ,"l's side4 ,hundr$s ( times h ! ,:ig p>ty & ! ,democratic p>ty resolv$ t ! pr9ciple ( t ord9ance %\ld be ma9ta9$ inviolate4 ,mr4 ,web/] claim$ ! application ( x to ! new t]ritories1 z 8 ?und]1 & swagg]$ z he rattl$ x4 ,n[ he calls ! great a*ievem5t ( ,?omas ,jeff]son & ,na?an ,dane a 8prejudice10 & di%onors _! graves by 8 sc(fs4 ,he ab&ons ! va/ regions ( ,utah & ,new ,mexico to ! slavehold]2 he gives m ?an fifty ?\s& squ>e miles ( free t]ritory to ,texas2 he gives t5 millions ( doll>s 9 money1 7m ?an1 ) all our devotion & self-sacrifice1 we h be5 able to appropriate to public education 9 ,massa*usetts = ! la/ t5 ye>s27 & worse ?an ?is1 he gives p]mission t %e may c>ve out ( h] t]ritory a slave /ate additional to :at _h be5 uncon/itutionally contract$ = :5 %e came into ! ,union4 ,& = :at does he fl\t u1 by /igmatiz+ all ^! sacr$ convictions & s5tim5ts & in/9cts z 8prejudices08 ,only to fe$ ! fam9e ( 8 ambition4 ,he began to see1 :at e body else has s long se51 t 8 vices 7 br++ ^u him ! retribution ( premature old age & decrepitude2 & t1 unless he c\ld ent] ! ,:ite ,h\se ! next t]m1 he mu/ wait1 at lea/ until ! great ,julian p]iod %\ld br+ ! _w r\nd aga94 ,he p>ley$ ) s\!rn tempt]s1 & fell4 ,nor did he outrage our feel+s only4 ,he sacrific$ our pecuni>y int]e/s1 our v means ( subsi/5ce4 ,massa*usetts w\ld be prosp]+ "u an improv$ sy/em ( protection = our dome/ic indu/ry to-day1 b = ,mr4 ,web/]'s apo/asy1 :i* /ripp$ u ( all our p[] & ( all our unity1 & inflam$ ! _s ( s\!rn aggr&izem5t to dem& e ?+ & yield no?+4 ,c\ld ! issue be n[ =m$1 & ! case tri$1 :e!r ,daniel ,web/]'s c\rse 9 #ahej did n deprive ! work+-m5 ( ! c\ntry ( a t>iff = ! protection ( _! labor1 n an intellig5t & imp>tial jury c\ld be f\nd t w\ld n br+ him 9 guilty4 ,?is result e unbias$ man at ,wa%+ton saw1 la/ summ]2 :ile he 0 cajol+ ! m5 ( ! nor? ) ! delusion t1 if !y w\ld surr5d] lib]ty1 !y %\ld h _! rew>d 9 a t>iff4 ,i speak ( ?is ) confid5ce1 because !re are hundr$s ( my con/itu5ts & acqua9tances :o w be> me witness t1 9 p]sonal int]views1 & by correspond5ce1 !y 7 w>n$1 t if !y foll[$ ,mr4 ,web/] 9 8 recreancy to pr9ciples1 he w\ld leave !m )\t relief 9 ! matt] ( prop]ty4 ,fell[-citiz5s1 ,i w trespass ^u y\r att5tion b = a mom5t long]4 ,i wi% to advance "o idea = ! consid]ation ( all sob]1 moral1 & religi\s m52 & :5 ?is idea is duly consid]$1 ,i tru/ to its work+ a revolution 9 public s5tim5t4 ,9 select+ m5 to be our political lead]s1 we h sometimes committ$ ! grave/ moral error4 ,we h assum$ ! falsity ( a di/9ction betwe5 a man's public & 8 private life4 ,we h suppos$ t ! same individual might be a bad man & a good citiz52 might be a patriot & an inebriate1 a fai?ful (fic] & a debau*ee1 at ! same "t2 might s]ve 8 c\ntry dur+ 8(fice h\rs10 & ! p[]s ( d>kness ! re/ ( ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,b ,i say1 z ( old1 no man c s]ve ,god & mammon4 ,we h be5 too prone to judge ( m5 by _! pr(essions & by _! connections4 ,we seem to h =gott5 t ! tree is to be kn[n by its fruit1 & a man by 8 life4 ,if we are to take ! ,ph>isee's rule1 & det]m9e a man's piety by 8 cre$1 & by ! numb] & l5g? ( 8 pray]s1 !n piety w be ! *eape/ ?+ 9 ! m>ket1 & z wor?less z x is *eap4 ,9 *oos+ tea*]s to be ! guides & exempl>s ( our *ildr51 we dem& high moral wor?2 & we w\ld z soon ?ru/ our y\? into ! c5tre ( pe/il5ce1 z amid ! contagion ( vici\s & pr(ligate m54 ,9 select+ our religi\s guides1 we feel almo/ ju/ifi$ 9 be+ capti\sly & morbidly critical2 we h>dly admit t we c be /rict to a fault2 & ! man :o fails to c>ry p]sonal purity & exempl>9ess into ! pa/oral life1 is driv5 f x ) indignation & contempt4 ,i admit too1 rejoic+ly1 t1 9 ,massa*usetts1 ?is prev5tive & praisewor?y discipl9e has be5 m ext5sively appli$ to political m5 ?an 9 any o!r /ate 9 ! ,union4 ,our highe/ /ate (fices h be5 fill$ = ye>s1 sav+ v r>e exceptions1 ) m5 ( di/+ui%$ probity & a spotless life4 ,& :y1 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 %\ld we ev] grant disp5sations & absolutions2 or1 l ! old popes1 sell indulg5ces to s98 ,n[1 let ?is doctr9e be appli$2 = ,i hold x to be no unw>rantable invasion ( private "* to apply ^! pr9ciples to public m54 ,:5 public m5 op5ly & notori\sly practise vice1 !y make ! vice public1 & br+ x )9 public jurisdiction4 ,if x is public = example1 x is public = criticism2 &1 "u su* circum/ances1 ! moral & religi\s guides ( ! community are z solemnly b\nd 8truly to f9d1 & due pres5tm5t make10 ( ^! (f5ces1 z ! gr& jury is 9 ! case ( crimes aga9/ ! laws ( ! l&4 ,i say1 !re=e1 let u apply ?is doctr9e4 ,h[ long h all good citiz5s 9 ,massa*usetts labor$ 9 ! glori\s cause ( temp]ance6 ,!y h devot$ "t1 exp5d$ tal5t1 lavi%$ money1 incurr$ obloquy2 b1 z _! rew>d1 !y h pluck$ ! guilty f p]dition2 rescu$ ! "y1 j los+ _! balance ov] ! precipice ( ru92 sav$ ! wid[ & ! fa!rless f unutt]able woe1 & driv5 demons ( discord f dome/ic ,ed5s4 ,n[ :y1 aft] all our toils & sacrifices to uphold & c>ry =w>d ! cause ( temp]ance1 & to make its "n z honorable z x is bless$2 :y %\ld we demoli% all our "w by elevat+ a man to a high political /ation1 or by uphold+ him :5 9 x1 :o1 9 ! face ( ! nation & ( ! _w1 w become s drunk5 t he _c articulate 8 "m tongue8 ,is ?is an example y desire to set be=e ! +5u\s & aspir+ y\? ( ! l&2 ay1 be=e y\r own *ildr58 ,we h _h m5 9 ! presid5tial *air n )\t faults & blemi%es ( "*2 b hi!rto we may pr\dly say1 t we nev] h _h "o !re :o dr[n$ 8 reason 9 8 cups4 ,god grant t we nev] may4 ,?9k ( ?is magnific5t %ip ( /ate freight$ ) tw5ty-?ree millions ( s\ls1 & lad5 to ! scupp]s ) ! weal? ( ! _w's hopes1 ) a pilot at ! helm--drunk6 ,we are an indu/ri\s & a frugal p4 ,! aptitude is born ) u4 ,a true ,massa*usetts boy seems to take to +5i\s labor & to labor-sav+ contrivances f 8 bir?1--l a duck almo/ impati5t to be hat*$1 t x may get into ! wat]4 ,we prize & honor ! home-br$ virtues ( dilig5ce & ?rift2 = !y be/[ ^u u all our com=ts1 ! means ( educat+ our *ildr51 & leave u a magnific5t surplus = godlike *>ities to be scatt]$ ov] ! _w4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 has /amp$ a family lik5ess ^u u all4 ,8 economical wisdom is dome/icat$ among u4 ,take a s\nd & pure specim5 ( a ,massa*usetts f>m] or me*anic1 & analyze him1 & y w f9d t1 ( 8 :ole composition1 f six to t5 ounces 9 ! p\nd is made up ( ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,n[1 :y %\ld we root out ?is luxuriant1 fruit-be>+ virtue8 ,:y welcome & c\rt & fe$ ! prodigalities & s5sualities ( ! old _w1 to corrupt ! pri/9e virtues ( ! new8 ,c he be a republican aft] ! sev]e simplicity & gr&eur ( ! old ,roman type2 c he be an exempl>y citiz51 :o mu/ h 8 ?irty1 =ty1 or ev5 fifty ?\s& doll>s a ye>1 to squ&] ^u :at ,i mu/ n call1 8to e>s polite10 8 vices & passions1 b1 m g5teelly1 88 ta/es & feel+s10 :ile millions ( hone/ labor]s ?ank ,god if by incessant toil !y c e>n _! daily bread = _! families1 & ! bread ( k = _! *ildr58 ,c !y be good citiz5s1 or1 at lea/1 are !y n griev\sly delud$1 :o w give su* purses to su* a man = be+ ! advocate & ag5t ( _! special int]e/s1 :ile !re are hundr$s ( suff]+ m5 & wom51 & m suff]+ *ildr51 at _! own doors8 ,d y want y\r *ildr5 to gr[ up inflam$ by su* examples ( excess & wantonness8 ,i "k t all ?is is def5d$ on ! gr\nd t some?+ mu/ be done = a great man's family4 ,ay1 t family6 ,! prog5y & co/l9ess ( ! vices1 :at ,cali=nias %all be able to support8 ,i "k1 too1 t x is also said we mu/ h great tal5ts 9 ! public c\ncils1 at :atev] price4 ,well1 if ?is be y\r philosophy1 don't d ! "w by halves1 b import ,lucif] at once6 ,n[1 fell[-citiz5s1 y "k t all ! m5 :o are guilty ( ^! great d]elictions f civil & social duty are ! m5 :o uphold ! ,fugitive ,slave law4 ,i might t\* ^u m holy relations 9 life2 ^u virtues )\t :i* !re is no home & no dome/ic sanctu>y2 )\t :i* !re may be *ildr51 b ! sacr$ in/itution ( ! family is gone4 ,b ,i =be>4 ,i only desire to awak5 y\r att5tion to ! great duty ( ext5d+ ! doma9 ( consci5ce ov] politics2 ( hold+ public m5 answ]able = ^? vices :i* x is a great misnom] to call private :5 !y are committ$ 9 ! face ( ! _w4 8,! pulpit is false to its tru/0 if x does n foll[ & rebuke !m1 "u :atev] robes ( (ficial dignity !y may hold _! revels4 ,?ree great /ages ( developm5t belong to ! _w4 ,fir/1 !re 0 ! p]iod ( physical developm5t1 :5 ! talle/ man 0 cr[n$ k+1 :5 ! /ronge/ muscles enact$ ! laws1 :5 brute =ce 0 8,8 ,royal ,maje/y10 & claim$ & receiv$ ! homage ( mank9d4 ,t age has pass$2 & h[ contemptible does all its greatness n[ appe>6 ,!n came ! age :5 ! m9d t[]$ above ! body1 :5 a nation's p[] no long] consi/$ 9 ! millions ( its m51 b 9 ! treasuries ( its k2 :5 ! intellect took up ! va/e/ conc5trations ( animal /r5g?1 :i* seem$ omnipot5t be=e1 lift$ !m (f _! fulcrum1 & !y became l a fea!r1 9 ! brea? ( its p[]4 ,t age is ! pres5t4 ,! moral age is yet to be u%]$ 94 ,9 ?is age1 ! intellectual =ces %all /ill reta9 all _! dom9ion & supremacy ov] ! physical _w1 b ! moral %all preside ov] ! intellectual1 & move !m z ,god moves ! />s1 br++ !m out ( *aos1 & :eel+ !m 9 circuits ( unimag9able gr&eur1 & = purposes ( b5efic5ce yet inconceivable4 ,9 t day1 ! lawgiv]s ( ! l& %all be no long] 8compromis]s0 betwe5 duty & mammon1 & ! judges %all judge 9 righte\sness4 ,9 t day1 ! m]*ant1 = ! lucre ( trade1 %all n pay tribute 9 human be+s1 & s5d 8 fle%-tax across ! free wat]s4 ,9 t day1 ! gospel ( human bro!rhood1 ( do+ z we w\ld be done by1 & ( lov+ our neighbors z ourselves1 %all no long] be dol$ out to u by prie/s ( ! broad phylact]y sort1 9 homopa?ic doses1 r$uc$ to ! five hundr$? dilution4 ,b 9 t glori\s day1 ! m5 :o sit 9 ! ,areopagus ( ! nation1 clo!d ) ! erm9e ( ! law1 %all be1 z ! hea!n ( old figur$ ! emblem ( ,ju/ice1 bl9d 9 ! outw>d eye2 & all !y "k ( color %all be to give no color to ! law4 ,9 t day ! successors ( ,/4 ,paul %all prea* :at he prea*$1 :5 /&+ 89 ! mid/ ( ,m>s ,hill10--a ,god ( equity1 ( righte\sness1 ( ju/ice1 ( b5evol5ce2 ! ,god :o made 8( "o blood all nations ( m510 :o1 alas6 to s _m 9 our day is 8! ,,unkn[n ,,god40 ,9 t day1 :5 a :ole p are ar\s$ to pond]1 ) unwont$ int5sity1 ^u ! great pr9ciples = :i* ,sidney & ,vane bl$2 = :i* ,hampd5 smote ! tyrant ( 8 day2 = :i* ! h]oes ( ! revolution pl$g$ =tune1 life1 & sacr$ honor2 no voice %all /rive to s$uce !m f _! sacr$ "w by its ,belial cry1 8,,conqu] ,,y\r ,,prejudices60 ,fell[-citiz5s1 if y wi% to cop]ate 9 br++ on ?is glori\s era1 y\r fir/ /ep is to vote = t noble man :o ransom$ 8 own slaves1--,,john ,g4 ,,palfrey4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,x is sub/antially conc$$ by ! supreme c\rt ( ,massa*usetts1 9 deliv]+ _! op9ion on ! application ( ,sims = a writ ( habeas corpus1 t ! ,fugitive ,slave law /&s ^u prec$5t alone1 & is dis[n$ by pr9ciple4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,%aw says1-- 8,at ! same "t x may be prop] to say1 t if ?is argum5t1 drawn f ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 n[ fir/ appli$ to ! law ( #agic1 d]iv+ no sanction f contemporane\s con/ruction1 judicial prec$5t1 & ! acquiesc5ce ( ! g5]al & /ate gov]nm5ts1 ! argum5t f ! limitation ( judicial p[] w\ld be entitl$ to v grave consid]ation40 ,i submit t ! prec$5ts1 on ?is subject1 bo? legislative & judicial1 are sub/antially dive/$ ( all _! =ce1 by ! fewness ( ! cases t h ev] aris5 "u ! law1 by ! g5]al obsolet5ess into :i* x fell1 &1 m ?an all1 by t uni=m indiff]5ce & neglect1 & ,i may add inhumanity1 ) :i* color$ p & ! rights ( color$ p1 h be5 almo/ univ]sally reg>d$ 9 ! diff]5t /ates ( ! ,union4 #bb ,mr4 ,george ,t4 ,curtis4 #bc ,i object to ,mr4 ,curtis's call+ ! c\nty commission]s 8! c\rt ( c\nty commission]s40 ,!y are n[h]e s call$ 9 ! act creat+ !m1 or 9 ! act def9+ _! duties4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are expressly contradi/+ui%$ f ! 8c\rt ( common pleas10 :i* is a c\rt4 ,?is may h be5 an inadv]t5ce1 b x %[s h[ he mi/ook ! nature ( _! p[]s4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$1 ,,on ,,tak+ ,,! ,,*air1 ,,z ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,mass ,,conv5tion1 ,,call$1 ,,)\t ,,di/9ction ,,( ,,p>ty1 ,,9 ,,opposition ,,to ,,! ,,fugitive ,,slave ,,law1 ,,& ,,held ,,at ,,! ,,tremont ,,temple ,,9 ,,bo/on1 ,,april #h1 #ahea4bd ,,g5tlem5 ,,( ,,! ,,conv5tion2 ,i ?ank y cordially = ! honor ( be+ call$ to ?is place2 ?\gh ,i c\ld h wi%$ t y\r *oice _h fall5 ^u "s "o ( ! _m m m]itori\s m5 :om ,i see all ar\nd me4 ,g5tlem51 ,i h come "h to-day to add my feeble voice to ! ?und] tones ( execration aga9/ ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 ) :i* e free /ate 9 ?is ,union1 & e free community ^u ! e>?1 are n[ e*o+ & re*o+4 ,i d n propose to occupy y\r att5tion long4 ,:]e s _m ?+s are to be said1 & s _m p]sons1 f> bett] qualifi$ ?an ,i am1 are pres5t to say !m1 ,i %all consult at once y\r advantage & my duty1 by be+ brief4 ,we h come toge!r ) especial ref]5ce to ! ,fugitive ,slave law2 b t execrable /atute connects itself s directly ) almo/ e o!r prom95t measure ( ! gov]nm5t1 & ) ! lead+ acts ( our public m51 dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 t x op5s ! :ole subject ( human lib]ty1 & our duty1 z freem51 9 reg>d to human rights4 ,especially does x behoove u to inquire1 by :at means1 by ^: in/rum5tality1 ! c\ntry has be5 in/igat$ to ?is treason aga9/ ! rights ( m51 & :5 we may expect _! ma*9ations w be br\ght to an end4 ,"s ( our (ficial dignit>ies are giv+ u law lectures on ! subject ( high treason aga9/ ! gov]nm5t4 ,i hope !y w n object1 if we reciprocate ! favor1 by giv+ !m a lecture on ! high] treason aga9/ ,god & humanity1 ( :i* !y are guilty4 ,g5tlem51 x is ) unspeakable humiliation & regret t ,i look back & see :]e ,massa*usetts /ood twelve or ?irte5 mon?s ago1 & :]e s _m ( h] citiz5s /& n[4 ,up to t ev]-accurs$ day1 ! #g? ( ,m>*1 #ahej1 !re 0 n a ,massa*usetts man1 9 ! c\ncils ( ! /ate or nation2--nay1 s f> z ,i "k1 !re 0 n a s+le ,massa*usetts man any :]e1 ( any /&+ or respectability1 :o did n ass]t & proclaim 8 ho/ility to ! ext5sion ( slav]y2 8 purpose to ma9ta9 at all times ! pr9ciple ( ! ord9ance ( #aghg2 & 8 8resolute & fix$ det]m9ation10 7to use ,mr4 ,web/]'s language17 8to make no fur!r concessions to slav]y & ! slave p[]40 ,! public m5 ( ! /ate1 ! press ( ! /ate1 ! legislature ( ! /ate1 av[$ ^! s5tim5ts2 & ! political conv5tions ( ! /ate rang ) ^! decl>ations f side to side4 ,b on t ev]-memorable day a s5ator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ,massa*usetts1 saw fit to trample "u foot e ?+ t he _h ev] said 9 behalf ( human fre$om & aga9/ human bondage4 ,he saw fit to curl 8 lip & to intonate 8 voice 9 scorn ( ! pr9ciple ( ! ord9ance ( #aghg1 & to di%onor ! memory ( ,na?an ,dane1 :om1 a few ye>s be=e1 on ! same spot1 he _h eulogiz$4 ,he saw fit to contemn :at he knew to be ! hone/ s5tim5ts ( ,massa*usetts4 ,he w5t f>1 f> out ( 8 way1 to =tify & ext5d ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,he (f]$ to add new /ates to its p[]1 & to take two hundr$ millions ( doll>s f ! treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to be exp5d$ = its extra-con/itutional security & def5ce4 ,i %all n dwell ^u ! p]fidi\s nature ( t de$1 nor ^u ! obvi\s motive t prompt$ x4 ,i w r adv]t to ! measures :i* h s9ce be5 tak5 to corrupt ! public s5tim5t ( ,massa*usetts1 & ( ! :ole nor?1 & to br+ ov] ! p1 "s to a palliation & o!rs to a full indorsem5t ( x4 ,z soon z ! /unn+ effect ( t trea*]\s bl[ ^u all ! moral & religi\s s5sibilities ( ! /ate1 & ^u its traditional & inwr\ght love ( lib]ty1 _h begun to subside1 a sy/ematic ef=t 0 comm5c$ to debau* ! patriotism & humanity ( ! p1 by an appeal to _! cupidity4 ,our manufactur+ & comm]cial int]e/s 7 suff]+4 ,a majority ( ! slave /ates 7 ! antagoni/s ( ^! int]e/s4 ,political ambition & m]cantile cupidity associat$ ^! two facts toge!r1 & ! flagiti\s idea 0 eng5d]$ t by surr5d]+ our lib]ty we might h a t>iff4 ,! poison ( ?is idea 0 fir/ op5ly & directly infus$ into ! public m9d by ,mr4 ,web/]1 9 8 spee* at ! ,rev]e ,h\se1 ,april #bi?1 #ahej1 :5 he said1 8,nei!r y nor ,i %all see ! legislation ( ! c\ntry proce$ 9 ! old h>moni\s way until ! discussions 9 ,congress & out ( ,congress ^u ! subject to :i* y h allud$1 slav]y1 %all be 9 "s way suppress$4 ,take ?is tru? home ) y1 & take x z tru?4 ,until some?+ c be done to allay ! feel+ n[ sep>at+ diff]5t m5 & diff]5t sections1 !re c be ,,no ,,useful ,,& ,,satisfactory legislation 9 ! two h\ses ( ,congress40 ,( ?is decl>ation !re c be b "o int]pretation4 ,x 0 p]fectly und]/ood by ^? to :om x 0 address$4 ,x says1 )\t enigma or riddle1 surr5d] ! t]ritories to ! incursions ( ! slave /ates1 pacify ! slave p[]1 give up blood-b\ght rights = ?is life1 & ,savior-b\ght hopes = ano!r1 & y c h y\r pay 9 a c5t a y>d on calico1 & a c5t a p\nd on iron4 ,&1 z a means ( accompli%+ ?is object1 x says ! discussion ( ! slav]y "q mu/ be 8suppress$40 ,f t "t until ! close ( ! la/ session ( ,congress1 9 e =m 9 :i* s intr9sically wick$ an idea c\ld be set =? )\t %ock+ n only all pr9ciple1 b all dec5cy1 ?is idea 0 inculcat$ ^u ! public m9d ( ! nor?1 especially ^u ! cities4 ,9 un(ficial spee*es & lett]s1 ,mr4 ,web/] urg$ ?is s$uction m & m po9t$ly & e>ne/ly1 until1 on ! #ag? ( ,july1 #ahej1 9 ! la/ spee* :i* he ev] made 9 ,congress1 he appeal$ to ! s5ators ( ! nor?1 & to ! p ( ! nor?1 9 language z explicit z he c\ld make x1 to adopt ! compromise measures1 to take ev5 ! abhorr$ ,fugitive ,slave bill itself1 = ! sake ( ! money to be made out ( !m4 ,?r\gh\t t spee* he held out ! apple ( temptation be=e _! eyes1 he j+l$ ! ?irty pieces ( silv] 9 _! e>s1 to s$uce !m into ! surr5d] ( lib]ty = pelf4 ,i appeal to ! common k ( ! citiz5s ( ,bo/on1 if1 dur+ ! la/ summ]1 x 0 n an expression z famili> to _! lips z ! salutations ( ! day1 t !y _h ,mr4 ,web/]'s au?ority = say+1 t if !y w\ld surr5d] ! great que/ions involv$ 9 ! compromise1 !y c\ld h a t>iff4 ,n[1 on ?is /ate ( facts1 ,i h two obs]vations to make1-- #a/4 ,t a proposition to b>t] or to jeop>d ! lib]ty ( our fell[-be+s = any am\nt ( money1 h[ev] great1 0 intr9sically inhuman & wick$4 #b;d4 ,t e new concession we made to ! s\? on ! subject ( slav]y1 = ! sake ( gett+ protection = our manufactures & o!r indu/rial int]e/s1 only impair$ & po/pon$ our *ance ( gett+ t protection4 ,= ! correctness ( ! fir/ ( ^! propositions1 ,i appeal to e man :o has a consci5ce1 or ev5 any elem5t>y ideas ( "r or wrong1 :i* are n smo!r$ by 8 int]e/s or 8 passions4 ,& = ! second1 ,i appeal to ! case ( ,texas :i* defeat$ ! t>iff ( '#db1 & to ! fact t1 ?\gh we did cons5t to all ! dete/able provisions ( ! compromise1--slave t]ritories1 slave /ates1 t5 millions ( doll>s = ,texas1 ,fugitive ,slave bill1 & all1--yet we get no t>iff1 & h n[ no rational prospect ( "o4 ,t ! surr5d] ( all our glori\s patrimony ( free pr9ciples %\ld help to make "s nor!rn man ,presid5t1 ,i c readily und]/&4 ,t is intelligible4 ,be=e ! #g? ( ,m>* spee*1 x 0 ann\nc$1 f high s\!rn s\rces1 t !y w\ld take ! nor!rn man = ! next presid5tial t]m :o w\ld d ! mo/ = slav]y2 & s9ce t "t1 ! same decl>ation has be5 reit]at$4 ,see1 among o!rs1 ,mr4 ,toombs's spee* be=e ! ,georgia ,union meet+4 ,b ,i /ate x z a fact )9 my own p]sonal k1 t !re 0 n an intellig5t man 9 ,congress :o 0 n implicat$1 on ! "o side1 9 ! manufacture ( goods1 or1 on ! o!r1 9 ! manufacture ( presid5ts1 :o did n !n =esee & pr$ict t e =w>d /ep we took t[>ds ! compromise 0 a /ep backw>ds f protection4 ,& we n[ h ?is /ubborn fact to %[ = ! s\ndness ( t op9ion1--! ev5t has ratifi$ x4 ,!y h n obta9$ ! t>iff !y 7 promis$1 ?\gh !y h giv5 = x ! price ( blood4 ,n[ ,i wi% to ask ! manufactur]s & comm]cial m5 ( ! nor?1 :e!r1 if !y _h se51--z x 0 se5 by e unbias$ man at ! seat ( gov]nm5t1--t uphold+ ! compromise w\ld put d[n protection1 !y w\ld h cons5t$ to ! compromise8 ,& a fur!r "q :i* ,i wi% to put to all ,massa*usetts & all ,new ,engl& is1 if1 dur+ ! la/ ye>1 we _h _h ! t>iff ( #ahdb 9 full op]ation1 & if ! curr5t ( prosp]ity _h fill$ ! deepe/ *annels t ent]prise & indu/ry _h cut = x1 :e!r !n ,massa*usetts citiz5s w\ld h unsaid & retract$ all ! noble ?+s !y h be5 say+ 9 favor ( lib]ty = ! la/ t5 ye>s2 :e!r !n ! ,massa*usetts press1 or s l>ge a portion ( x1 w\ld be f\nd op5ly advocat+ doctr9es :i* !y h always h]et(ore pr(ess$ to hold 9 utt] dete/ation & abhorr5ce8 ,no man w pret5d x4 ,if we _h _h ! t>iff ( '#db la/ ye>1 ! compromise measures nev] c\ld h pass$1 & x w\ld h be5 impossible = any presid5tial aspirant1 or all ( !m toge!r1 to h subdu$ ! nor!rn m9d to _! acceptance4 ,! comm]cial & manufactur+ int]e/s ( ! nor?1 !n1 h be5 deceiv$1 grossly deceiv$ & impos$ ^u4 ,:5 _! real int]e/s 7 all on ! side ( fre$om1 !y h be5 made to believe t x w\ld promote ^? int]e/s to unsay all !y _h ev] said1 & undo all !y _h ev] done adv]se to slav]y4 ,_! *ance = a t>iff lay 9 /&+ to _! pr9ciples l m51 & n 9 ab&on+ !m l c[>ds4 ,presid5t-mak+ has be5 ! ag5cy1 & ,cotton has be5 ! in/rum5t1 ( ?is deception4 ,x has be5 said t ! ,press is ! f\r? e/ate 9 ! realm2 b ,i say ,cotton is ! f\r? e/ate1 = ,cotton subdues ! ,press4 ,! eyes & e>s & nose & m\? ( a portion ( our p h be5 s fill$ ) cotton1 t !y h come to consid] cotton n only z _! daily bread1 b _! bread ( life4 ,g5tlem51 :atev] convictions or d\bts !re may be on ! subject ( ,animal ,magnetism1 ,i am a firm believ] 9 ,cotton ,magnetism4 ,! s\!rn plant] seems to possess "s wiz>d art1 unkn[n to ! demonology ( =m] times1 by :i* he impregnates 8 bales ( cotton ) a _s ( inhumanity1 ) a contempt = all ! de>e/1 t5d]e/1 holie/ ties t b9d man to man & he>t to he>t2 he fills !m ) ?is _s z an electrician fills a ,leyd5 j>1 & !n he s5ds !m "h2 & if ! man :o comes )9 ! circle ( _! influ5ce is n himself fill$ ) ! /rong1 c\nt]act+1 dis9fect+ magnetism ( duty & tru?1 ( love to ,god & love to man1 he is ov]come & subdu$ by ! inf]nal spell2 he is br\ght into 8communication0 ) ! s\!rn sorc]]1 & into subjection to 8 w2 & !n he seems b]eft ( reason & consci5ce1 he belies 8 ,pilgrim p>5tage1 talks gibb]i% ab\t ! dissolution ( ! ,union1 kneels1 lies d[n1 eats dirt1 & says to 8 s\!rn ma/]1 z ,balaam's bea/ said to him1 8,am ,i n ?9e ass ^u :i* ?\ ha/ ridd5 ev] s9ce ,i 0 ?9e80 ,/ill worse is x1 :5 ?is cotton1 s diabolically impregnat$1 gets b5ea? ! ri* velvet seats & emboss$ cu%ions ( ! pulpit2--unless1 inde$1 a d\ble measure ( ! _s ( ! ,"l %all desc5d ^u ! prea*] & exorcise bo? him & x1 ( ! evil _s x conta9s4 ,:5 ! s\l ( ! cl]gyman is /ruck ) ?is cotton magnetism1 he gr[s deliri\s ov] 8 ,bible1 ignores ! new disp5sation1 seeks out all ! pro-slav]y p>ts ( ! old1 disc>ds ,jesus ,*ri/ z 8 example1 & ! precepts ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! law ( 8 m9i/rations1 & proves himself a pagan1 disc\rs+ paganism 9 a ,*ri/ian pulpit4 ,god grant t ?is k9d ( cotton may nev] /uff ! cu%ions ( our judges6 ,i fe> we are n :olly out ( dang] ( s unspeakable a calamity4 ,give u ! old ,engli% woolsack = !m1 )9 ^: magic pres5ce ! *a9s ( ! slave drop f 8 limbs1 & he is glori\sly transfigur$ into a man4 ,comp>e ! newspap]s ( our cities n[ ) :at !y 7 only "o %ort twelvemon? ago1 & see :at demoralization cotton c "w :5 x gets into editorial *airs4 ,z = ^? slave-cat*+ commission]s :o assume to ex]cise ! functions ( judges1 to aboli% human lib]ty1 & to f9d prop]ty 9 ! bodies & s\ls ( m51 b are no m a judge ?an an image 8made aft] supp] ( a *eese-p>+0 is a man1--z = !m1 ,i say1 !y seem to h ?is virus ! natural way2 & if all moral diagnosis does n fail1 x w\ld be f\nd1 on an anatomical dissection ( _! he>ts1 t _! "r & left auricle & _! "r & left v5tricle 7 only f\r cotton bolls4 ,b ,i believe t ! reign ( ,cotton is to be %ort-liv$4 ,improvem5ts 9 ! arts give confid5t promise t "s new textile sub/ance w soon be discov]$ :i* w sup]s$e ?is slave-made & slave-mak+ mat]ial4 ,ev5 %\ld ?is hope fail1 e body sees :at an unnatural attitude ( p[] & /r5g? ! cotton-produc+ /ates n[ occupy4 ,ext5d+ ov] only a small area ( t]ritory1 :i* y c cov] on ! map ) y\r h&1 !y raise a /aple :i* clo!s1 m or less1 a great "p ( ! _w2 :ile !re are ,brazil1 ,egypt1 ,india1 & regions ( unkn[n va/ness 9 ,africa1 to all ( :i*1 or ne>ly all ( :i*1 ! plant is indig5\s4 ,ei!r !n by ! progress ( ! arts1 or by an ext5sion ( cultivation1 ! maje/y ( ,cotton w soon be de?ron$2 & !n1 !n1 h[ w ^! m5 appe>1 hi/orically1 :o are n[ will+ to trample ^u human rights1 & to s5d m51 wom51 & *ildr5 into all ! horrors ( s\!rn bondage = ! tempor>y pr(its :i* cotton c be/[8 ,i rejoice t ?is ref]5ce to ! demoraliz+ p[] ( int]e/ gives me an opportunity to be/[ well-des]v$ honor & praise ^u a class ( m5 :o h nobly )/ood its temptations4 ,n e man engag$ 9 manufactures or 9 comm]ce has yield$ to ! s$uctions ( ?is tempt]4 ,!re are _m noble exceptions4 ,i h 9 my m9d "o ( my own con/itu5ts l>gely int]e/$ 9 manufactures1 :o told me la/ summ] t half 8 sp9dles 7 ly+ idle1 & prop]ty t %\ld h yield$ income 0 incurr+ co/2 8b10 said he1 8d y see !m all /op1 & ! mills decay & g d[n /ream1 be=e y vote = t compromise40 ,ano!r ( my con/itu5ts told me he 0 l>gely int]e/$ 9 ?ree %ips1 !n at sea2 b decl>$ he w\ld see !m all s9k to its bottom be=e he w\ld disgrace ! c\ntry by pass+ ! ,fugitive ,slave bill4 ,^! are b specim5s ( t noble _s :i* 0 express$ ) su* ,sp>tan t]s5ess & vigor by ,b[5 ,mc,namee1 ( ,new ,york1 :5 ! f\l p&]s to s\!rn slav]y ?reat5$ !m ) a loss ( cu/om4 ,said !y1 8,our goods1 & n our pr9ciples1 are 9 ! m>ket40 ,o1 h[ ^! decl>ations contra/ ) :at a manufactur] 9 a neighbor+ c\nty is report$ to h said1--t if he c\ld "w 8 mills any *eap] ) slave labor ?an ) free1 he w\ld employ slaves6 ,& :at1 also1 z ,i am cr$ibly in=m$1 ano!r has said1--8,! s\? want slaves to raise cotton to sell2 we want slaves to raise cotton to manufacture2 !re=e1 we mu/ unite ) ! s\? to uphold slav]y40 ,n[1 ,i believe ^! ?+s to h be5 said2 b x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r !y 7 said or n2 we "k !y h be5 act$4 ,e man :o upholds ?is ,fugitive ,slave law acts !m1 :atev] 8 language may be4 ,! compromise 0 =c$ ?r\gh ,congress p>tly by gov]nm5t int]f]5ce1 & p>tly by ! delusive hope ( a t>iff4 ,an appeal is n[ made1 9 behalf ( ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 to ! same m]c5>y motives4 ,x is said1 if opposition be made to ?is law1 h[ev] legal or con/itutional su* opposition may be1 we %all lose s\!rn cu/om4 ,base & infam\s appeal6 ,su* m5 are made ( ! /uff ( ! tories ( ! revolution4 ,ev5 if ?is appeal 7 true1 x w\ld be "o t no honorable man c\ld he> )\t indignation4 ,b x is n true4 ,! s\? mu/ h _! goods f some:]e1 & our indu/ri\s artisans w make !m1 :oev] ! g-betwe5s may be4 ,w ! s\? g b>e-head$ & b>e-foot$ & unkilt$1 because !y _c h a law to cat* freem5 & slaves promiscu\sly8 ,b x is said ! s\? w ab&on _! slo?ful habits1 become indu/ri\s1 & manufacture = !mselves4 ,i wi% !y w\ld4 ,x w\ld be mo/ =tunate = u4 ,!y w\ld !n h ! means ( buy+ m f ! nor?1 & pay+ u bett] = :at !y d buy4 ,in/ead ( sp5d+ only ! money :i* _! slaves e>n1 !y w\ld !n h money to sp5d e>n$ by ! :ites1 & w\ld become bett] cu/om]s = ^? ev] new =ms ( commodities :i* our indu/ry & inv5tive skill1 :ile we keep our s*oolh\ses 9 op]ation1 w always be able to supply4 ,n[1 fell[-citiz5s1 ,i h gone into ^! consid]ations = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ & ( measur+ ! ext5t & ! efficacy ( ! motives br\ght by our oppon5ts to be> aga9/ u4 ,y see !y are m]c5>y1 almo/ exclusively s4 ,z = t bugbe> ( a dissolution ( ! ,union1 ,i say1 )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t no practical man has ev] believ$ 9 x = a day4 ,unit$ ,/ates /ocks at a hundr$ & sixte51 on ! eve ( a dissolution ( ! ,union6 ,! :ole ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,mississippi1 & ,texas delegations 9 ,congress cont5d+ = e local advantage1 = ! e/abli%m5t ( new ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts1 = ! increase ( sal>ies1 = appo9tm5ts at home & abroad1 z ?\gh ! ,union _h be5 j insur$ = a ?\s& ye>s6 ,%[ me "o intellig5t man 9 ! :ole c\ntry :o has sold 8 /ocks or 8 f>m1 or *ang$ 8 resid5ce1 or alt]$ 8 c\rse ( life 9 any respect1 ?r\gh fe> t ! ,union 0 ab\t to be dissolv$4 ,i ?9k "s p]sons may h left ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 to get rid ( ! clamor ab\t dissolv+ x4 ,:y1 :at w\ld ! ,engli% national debt be wor? "u any well-f\nd$ appreh5sion t ! ,briti% mon>*y 0 crumbl+ to pieces8 ,!re w\ld n be a p\nd ( gov]nm5t securities t c\ld n be b\ght = a p5ny4 ,confid5ce 9 ! /ability ( our ,union has n only p]vad$ ?is c\ntry1 b o!r c\ntries4 ,! great bank]s abroad :o deal 9 our /ocks h nev] *ang$ _! t]ms "o mill 9 a million ( doll>s1 ?r\gh any su* idle fe>4 ,!y are ! m5 ^: b>omet]s presage political /orms4 ,) su* facts be=e u1 to say t ! ,union has be5 9 dang] is z absurd z to say t a :irlw9d is rag+ :5 ! leaf ( ! asp5 is p5dul\s1 & _c be se5 to move4 ,if ! s\? wi%es to dissolve ! ,union1 let !m d x1 & at ! end ( ?irty ye>s !re w be no slave 9 all _! bord]s4 ,! slaves w h made a new ,jamaica or a new ,/4 ,dom+o ( x1 z ! ma/]s %all behave !mselves4 ,no1 ?is is no?+ b a clumsy trick ( ! politicians2 & if any "o ( !m c\ld be nom9at$ = ! presid5cy1 we %\ld he> no?+ m f him ab\t any deluge :i* ?reat5s to subm]ge ! ,union4 ,!y pr(ess peculi> love = ! ,union4 ,_! clamor\s notes br+ to m9d :at ,dr4 ,frankl9 rem>k$ ( self-righte\s p4 ,he said !y always rem9d$ him ( sc>city ( provisions2--^? :o _h en\gh said no?+ ab\t x2 x 0 ! de/itute :o made all ! clamor4 ,i say1 !n1 ! only rema9+ motive ) :i* our adv]s>ies c "w is ! loss ( s\!rn trade4 ,?is int]e/s b few ( our p4 ,! f>m]s are n int]e/$ 9 x4 ,! me*anics & artisans are n4 ,! op]atives 9 our mills are n4 ,all our sub/antial1 indu/ri\s classes are above ?is temptation1 & w\ld spurn x if !y 7 n above x4 ,! ,fugitive ,slave law *ampions1 !n1 c make no m conv]ts among !m4 ,let u1 !n1 cont9ue to oppose ?is law 9 all con/itutional modes4 ,let u expla9 its religi\s & moral be>+s to ! ,*ri/ian4 ,let u tell ! patriot ( ! disgrace x br+s ^u our c\ntry4 ,let u %[ to ! work+-man t ^? :o are ready to make slaves ( 8 fell[-be+s = lucre w be equally ready to make a slave ( him :5ev] int]e/ %all supply ! temptation4 ,fell[-citiz5s1 x has be5 ask$ :y we are assembl$ "h to-day1 & n 9 ! ,hall consecrat$ to lib]ty4 ,x is because ! doors ( t hall h be5 clos$ to ,lib]ty knock+ = admission4 ,b !re is a melan*oly propriety 9 ?is4 ,:5 ! c\rt h\se is 9 *a9s1 ,faneuil ,hall may well be dumb4 ,^? *a9s :i* girt ! c\rts ( ju/ice are b typical ( ! *a9s :i* tyrann\s m5 are /riv+ to put ^u our lips4 ,?is is n ! fir/ temple t has be5 unrighte\sly invad$ & tak5 possession ( by money *ang]s & ^? :o sold doves1--doves6 doves66 ,no1 n doves1--b m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,b ,i tru/ ! "t is n f> di/ant :5 a bett] _s %all ent] _! doors1 & %all sc\rge out _! invad]s ) cords1 small] or l>g]1 z ! exig5cies ( ! case may require4 ,,footnotes3 #bd ,?is meet+ 0 held p5d+ ! trial1 be=e ,mr4 ,commission] ,curtis1 ( ,?omas ,sims1 an alleg$ fugitive slave f ,georgia4 ,dur+ ! trial1 ! ,bo/on c\rt h\se 0 surr\nd$ by a l>ge police =ce1 & 0 enclos$ 9 *a9s1 b5ea? :i* ! judges ( ! supreme c\rt ( ,massa*usetts b[$ z !y ent]$ & retir$4 ,,spee* ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,worce/]1 ,,septemb] #af1 #ahea1 ,,on ,,tak+ ,,! ,,*air ,,z ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,free ,,soil ,,/ate ,,conv5tion4 ,,g5tlem5 ,,( ,,! ,,conv5tion2 ,accept my ?anks4 ,x w\ld be an honor at any "t to /& 9 ?is position be=e a body ( m5 s l>ge 9 _! numb] & s influ5tial by _! respectability4 ,b1 g5tlem51 at ?is h\r ( trial1 at ?is "t ( p]il to great pr9ciples1 :5 ! lights ^u e>? seem to be go+ out ar\nd u1 & we mu/ look = guidance to ! lights above1--at ?is h\r1 ,i say1 ( trial & ( p]il1 x is an especial honor to be call$ to a po/ ( duty4 ,! position ( ! fri5ds ( fre$om at ! pres5t "t rem9ds me ( a beautiful s5tim5t express$ by "o ( ! noble/ ( ! old ,roman philosoph]s1 :o said t ^? :o 7 call$ to fill /ations ( dang] & self-sacrifice %\ld ?ank ,god = ! honor ( be+ deem$ wor?y ( su* a tru/4#be ,g5tlem51 x 0 n until ?is morn+1 & s9ce sunrise1 t ,i 0 wait$ ^u by a delegation f y\r /ate committee1 reque/+ my pres5ce on ?is occasion4 ,!y knew1 & y all "k1 h[ /rongly my he>t ?robs1 ev5 at ! m5tion ( ! great pr9ciples = :i* y cont5d4 ,!y knew1 z y all "k1 h[ happy ,i %\ld be if ,i c\ld d any ?+ to deep5 or to diffuse a feel+ ( devotion to human fre$om4 ,b1 g5tlem51 !re 7 c]ta9 circum/ances connect$ ) my position :i* seem$ to make x necess>y = me to say to y\r delegation1 t1 if ,i %\ld appe> "h to-day1 x %\ld be ) an entire privilege to speak out my m9d fully on any political subject1 & to say 9 :at relation ,i /& to ! pres5t condition ( public affairs1 bo? /ate & national4 ,i say1 !n1 g5tlem51 t ,i /& :]e ,i h always /ood1 hold+ ! pr9ciples ( human fre$om fir/ & =emo/ 9 my reg>ds1 &1 aft] ^!1 our pecuni>y1 or m]ely worldly int]e/s2 hold+1 accord+ to ! ord] 9 :i* !y are m5tion$ 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 8life & lib]ty0 to be be=e 8prop]ty40 ,i /& :]e ,i /ood 9 #ahdh1 :5 ,i 0 fir/ elect$ to ,congress2 & :]e my record$ votes & spee*es %[ me to h /ood ?r\gh all ! /ruggles ( #ahdi & '#ej4 ,i /& on ! same pr9ciples yet4 ,if o!r m5 h se5 fit to g (f to ! "r h& or to ! left1 ,i rema9 :]e ,i 04 ,& if any individual ( any p>ty1--,:ig1 ,democrat1 or by :atev] o!r appellation he may be kn[n1--%all ev] return f 8 w&]+s to ! good old home/ead ( ,massa*usetts pr9ciples1--,free ,soil1 ,free ,spee*1 & ,free ,m51--!re1 9 t immortal bir?place ( human lib]ty1 he w f9d me1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ & late at night1 h>d at "w1 to ma9ta9 ! honor ( ! ,pilgrims & ! pr9ciples ( our revolution>y sires4 ,g5tlem51 ! p]usal ( ! address & resolutions put =? by ! ,:ig ,/ate ,conv5tion at ,spr+field1 la/ week1 br\ght me "h4 ,x seems to me t no true lov] ( human fre$om c read t address & ^? resolutions intellig5tly1 & und]/& _! full scope & be>+1 )\t be+ /ruck d[n by conviction1 z sudd5ly z 0 ,/4 ,paul1--?\gh ! light & ! voice come f an opposite qu>t]4 ,:atev] ! design ( ^? pap]s may h be51 _! :ole argum5t & (fice are to :eel ! ,:ig p>ty into l9e1 to fight ! battles ( slav]y4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ,i d n ask ) a c]ta9 di/+ui%$ individual1 on ! prospective break+ up ( p>ties1 8,:]e am ,i to g80 ,i believe ,i d b e*o ! s5tim5ts ( ?\s&s ( z good & true ,:igs z c be f\nd 9 ?is commonweal?1 7& !re are none bett] any :]e17 :5 ,i say t1 let o!rs g :]e !y w1 "h1 "h1 on ! old ,:ig plat=m ( opposition to ! ext5sion ( slav]y1 ei!r into ,new ,mexico or into ,new ,engl&2 ( fre$om = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 & 9 favor ( ! old gu>anties ( habeas corpus & trial by jury1--"h ,i rema94 ,g5tlem51 ! ,free ,soil p>ty1 z ! "n imports1 is ! p>ty ( fre$om4 ,! c>d9al pr9ciple ( _! cre$ is1 t 8all m5 are creat$ free & equal10 & t !y h an inali5able "r to 8life1 lib]ty1 prop]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess40 ,_! fai? consi/s 9 ! assurance t1 9 ! good provid5ce ( ,god1 ! day w yet come :5 ! bless$ness ( _! cre$ w be realiz$ among m52 & by _! works !y seek to ha/5 ! adv5t ( t glori\s day4 ,a p>ty ( ,fre$om has exi/$ 9 all ages ( ! _w1 b a mighti] p>ty ( oppression has be5 array$ aga9/ x4 ,& ?\gh ! lov]s ( human lib]ty h consi/$ ( ! greate/ & be/ m5 :o h ev] liv$1 yet !y h be5 ov]borne by viol5ce1 cru%$ & trampl$ ^u by p[]1 buri$ 9 dungeons1 gibbet$ on scaffolds1 burnt at ! /ake6 ,god1 l ! h\sehold] :o s5t s]vants to 8 v9ey>d f a f> c\ntry1 has1 f age to age1 s5t great & mighty s\ls into ! _w to r$eem x f oppression2 b ! oppressor has seiz$ & mutilat$ & m>tyr$ !m1 ) e =m ( ignom9y t[>ds ! mess5g]s !mselves1 & ( impiety t[>ds ! ,"l :o s5t !m4 ,! possessors ( p[] & weal? seek to p]petuate ^! advantages 9 _! families1 _! clan1 or _! ca/e2 & ov] almo/ all ! e>? !y h e/abli%$ dyna/ies = gov]nm5ts1 l&$ or money$ feudalisms = lords1 & entails = individual families4 ,t we may see h[ fe>ful a ?+ ?is _s ( oppression is1 n only = its cruelties1 b = ! t5acity ( its malignant life1 let x be rememb]$ t ! _w _h exi/$ almo/ six ?\s& ye>s be=e ! pr9ciples ( human lib]ty1 civil & ecclesia/ical1 7 cle>ly & fully set =? ev5 on pap]4 ,?is 0 fir/ done by ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 9 #aggf1 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce2 & e body kn[s h[ int5sely ! same p>tisans :o are n[ summon+ _! =ces aga9/ ! p>ty ( ,fre$om h hat$ him = 8 glori\s ef=ts 9 favor ( ! fre$om ( man2 h[ !y pursu$ him ) mal$ictions to 8 grave1 & /ill break ?r\gh ! sanctity ( ! tomb to black5 8 memory4 ,! immortal pr9ciples ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 7 p>tially embodi$ 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b1 z ! prexi/+ metaphysics & my?ology ( ! hea!n nations m+l$ ) ! pure _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & corrupt$ x1 s ! prexi/+ laws & usages ( oppression de=m$ to "s ext5t ! doctr9es ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & /amp$ "s hide\s features ^u ! o!rwise fair face ( ! f$]al con/itution4 ,b su* a prepond]ance ( good did t in/rum5t conta91 t x 0 adopt$ by all ! /ates4 ,x 0 adopt$1 h[ev]1 ) ! univ]sal und]/&+ t ! heal+ influ5ce ( "t w\ld purge away ! virus ( ! disease2 & ) no appreh5sion ( ! n[ und5iable fact1 t ! disease w\ld be all[$ to spread1 l a gangr5e1 ov] ! heal?y p>ts4 ,_h our fa!rs =ese5 t ! pro-slav]y clauses 9 ! con/itution w\ld prove a curse to :ole classes & races ( m5 entitl$ to protection "u x1 t !y w\ld be a %ame to its adm9i/rators1 & an opprobrium1 ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 to ! "n ( ,republic1--x w\ld be impi\s t[>ds _! memories to say !y w\ld ev] h ratifi$ x4 ,b in/ead ( ! s\nd] p>ts diffus+ heal?ful influ5ces1 & gradually eradicat+ ! disease1 ! diseas$ p>ts h %ot _! infection ?r\gh all ! ve9s & organs ( ! body politic1 until1 f ! he>t to ! extremities1 !re is n n[ to be f\nd an uncontam9at$ spot4 ,or to leave metaphor = lit]al spee*3 ,! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gave ! mo/ compreh5sive & fundam5tal gu>anties 9 favor ( fre$om1 ) "h & !re only an exception 9 behalf ( slav]y4 ,x all[$ 8p]sons0 :o 7 held to s]vice or labor & :o %\ld escape into o!r /ates to be retak51 b x also secur$ ! trial by jury to e 8p]son0 :o %\ld claim x on any "q ( life or lib]ty1 & on all que/ions ( prop]ty ev5 d[n to ! paltry sum ( tw5ty doll>s4 ,yet !re is n n[1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a s+le spot1 f ocean to ocean1 :]e a free man is free f dang] ( be+ kidnapp$ & c>ri$ into horrible bondage = himself & 8 po/]ity =ev]2 or1--:at is z ke5ly tortur+ to e m9d p5etrat$ by ! _s & am5able to ! precepts ( ! gospel1--( be+ call$ ^u1 "u p5alty ( f9es & fett]s1 to surr5d] 8 s\l to ?is accurs$ "w4 ,n[1 z a true disciple ( ,*ri/ ought to feel if he saw ! imbrut+ dogmas & ,molo* rites ( hea!nism return+ to invade ,*ri/5dom & to ext+ui% ! lights ( ! gospel1 s %\ld e lov] ( lib]ty feel :5 he sees ! fell _s ( slav]y rega9+ its lo/ empire ov] ! in/itutions ( fre$om4 ,! analogy betwe5 ! pres5t condition ( ?is c\ntry & t ( ,europe is too /rik+ n to attract att5tion4 ,9 #ahdh1 !re 0 a great upris+ ( ! fri5ds ( lib]ty 9 bo? hemisph]es4 ,?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s s\ght to r$ress ! wrongs ( humanity1--by ! c>tridge box !re1 & by ! ballot box "h4 ,! phalanx ( tyranny & ( mammon 0 unprep>$ = s sudd5 an onset1 & = a mom5t _! ranks 7 brok5 by ! viol5ce ( ! %ock4 ,b despotism & weal? h almo/ inconceivable advantages 9 a conte/ ) ! hone/ & toil+ millions4 ,9 ,europe1 !y h ! milit>y =ce1--a s\lless ma*9e1 always ready to be turn$ aga9/ ! p :o are made to ma9ta9 x4 ,!y h also ! :ole ecclesia/ical p[]1 :i* leans ^u ! gov]nm5t = support1 & fights ) spiritual weapons = ! ma/]s ^: plund] x %>es4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ow+ to our diff]5t in/itutions1 ! means ( quell+ ! _s ( lib]ty h be5 diff]5t4 ,! adm9i/ration h an imm5se am\nt ( patronage at _! disposal4 ,!y give contracts to ! am\nt ( millions1 & select ! contractors4 ,directly1 or indirectly1 !y appo9t "s ?irty ?\s& (fice-hold]s2 &1 by a lam5table r$uplication ( ! p[]s ( evil1 !y control twice or f\r times t numb] :o are aspirants = (fice4 ,_! influ5ce b\ght ov] ! slave p[]1 by surr5d]+ all our new t]ritories to ! invasion ( slav]y1 & by giv+ fifty ?\s& squ>e miles ( free ,new ,mexican t]ritory to be turn$ into ,texan slave t]ritory1 ?us add+ to ! already enorm\s size ( t slave-begott5 /ate4 ,t5 millions ( doll>s ( almo/ wor?less ,texan /ock 7 rais$ to p> value by ! signature ( ,mill>d ,fillmore4 ,dur+ ! :ole p5d5cy ( ! compromise measures1 ag5ts & brok]s1 reput$ to be int]e/$ 9 ?is /ock1 hov]$ ab\t ! purlieus ( ! national ,capitol4 ,! /ock 0 transf]r$ f h& to h&1 )\t record & )\t daylight1 s t1 besides ! accomplices1 ,heav5 & ,satan only "k into ^: possession x came4 ,&1 z ?\gh ! means ( patronage & s$ucem5t on s magnific5t a scale 7 n suffici5t1 a private purse1 almo/ up to ! figure ( fifty ?\s& doll>s1 0 pres5t$ to ! 8=emo/ man ( all ?is _w0 9 8 apo/asy to ! pr9ciples ( human lib]ty4 ,^!1 fell[-citiz5s1 7 among ! ag5cies & s$uctions :i* caus$ ! discomfiture ( ! fri5ds ( fre$om 9 ! national conte/ ( #ahej4 ,! tyrants ( ,europe _h no vacant l&s1 or ,texas /ocks1 :]e) to put d[n humanity1 & s !y us$ gunp[d] & bayonets4 ,our slave p[] & its nor!rn allies1 be+ deb>r$ by ! pr9ciples ( our gov]nm5t f bullets & bayonets1 accompli%$ _! "w by ! ,judas articles ( scrip & 8dotation40 ,to c>ry out ^! purposes1 ! g5]als ,haynau & ,radetsky 7 f\nd !re2 ! s5ators1 ,web/] & ,cass1 "h4 ,! orig9 & ! pres5t necessity ( ! ,free ,soil p>ty may be briefly /at$4 ,"s ye>s previ\s to ! annexation ( ,texas1 an appreh5sion exi/$ t t great brea* ( ! con/itution & outrage ^u nor!rn pr9ciples & feel+s 7 m$itat$4 ,mr4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams s\nd$ ! al>m2 b m5 7 s engross$ by _! bus9ess1 & by _! paltry local & tempor>y political /rifes1 t ev5 8 voice1 pot5t & prophetic z x 01 pass$ by unhe$$4 ,"s respect1 h[ev]1 0 due1 at lea/ f policy if n f pr9ciple1 to ! _m humble b e>ne/ oppon5ts ( s flagrant a wrong4 ,be=e ! consummation ( t iniquity1 ! ,massa*usetts legislature pass$ /rong resolutions aga9/ x4 ,! "q 0 tak5 by yeas & nays1 & all ! ,:igs & almo/ all ! ,democrats 9 ! g5]al c\rt record$ _! names on ! side ( ! con/itution & lib]ty4 ,b ! slave p[] !n _h possession ( all ! dep>tm5ts ( ! national gov]nm5t1 & "u ! auspices ( a slavehold+ ,presid5t1 a brea* 0 made 9 ! walls ( ! con/itution wide en\gh to let 9 a =eign gov]nm5t1 ) all its burd5 ( slav]y on its back4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is p]fidy to all ! pr9ciples ( a true democracy1 su* 0 ! ext]nal pressure br\ght to be> ^u ! memb]s ( ! ,democratic p>ty1 t b few ( !m ab&on$ its ranks4 ,!y 8acquiesc$10 z ! mod]n phrase is1 :5 any ?+ specially iniquit\s is to be sanction$4 ,!y 7 told1 z ! ,:igs are n[ told 9 reg>d to ! compromise & ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 t ! act 0 done & irrevocable4 ,! m]*ants 7 told1 z ! ,:ig m]*ants n[ are1 t ! crime ( ext5d+ slav]y w\ld at lea/ be att5d$ by increas$ pr(its ( trade4 ,! manufactur]s 7 told1 z ! ,:ig manufactur]s n[ are1 t if ! numb] ( slaves 7 increas$ at ! s\?1 x mu/ create an increas$ dem& = :ips & negro clo?s4 ,& ! m]e bl9d political p>tisans 7 told1 z ! same class ( ,:igs are n[1 t if ,god design$ to /op ! heav5-defy+ enormity ( spread+ slav]y ov] ?is cont95t1 he mu/ d x 9 "s way consi/5t ) ! integrity ( ! ,democratic p>ty4 ,precisely ! argum5ts :i* 7 !n us$ to s$uce & corrupt ! ,democratic p>ty into 8acquiesc5ce0 are us$ by lead+ ,:igs & ,:ig presses n[ = ! same unhall[$ purpose4 ,!y are alike1 except t 9 ! "o case !re 0 ! crime ( orig9ality1 & 9 ! o!r1 ! meanness ( plagi>ism4 ,b f ! fatal day ( ! annexation ( ,texas1 ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( hone/ & intellig5t ,democrats1 ?\gh /ill rema9+ true to :at !y believ$ to be ! pr9ciples ( ! p>ty1 became ali5at$ f its lead]s4 ,f t day1 ! claims ( ! p>ty lay lightly1 b ! s9s ( ! p>ty heavily1 ^u _! s\ls2 & "s !re 7 :o1 l ,daniel ( old1 w5t into _! *amb]s ?ree times e day1 &1 ?r[+ op5 ! w9d[s :i* look$ t[>ds ! ,j]usalem ( lib]ty1 pray$ al\d to ! true ,god1 al?\gh )9 he>+ ( ! wild bea/s :i* _h be5 prep>$ to dev\r !m4 ,! ,:ig p>ty at ! nor?1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,massa*usetts1 fl\ri%$ "u ! rection ( ! ,texas fraud4 ,"s ( its lead]s1 x is true1 %\t$ a welcome to ,texas1 ?\gh yet af> (f2 &1 ev5 :ile %e /ood outside ( ! ,union1 !y ?rew _! arms ar\nd h] blood-besme>$ =m1 hide\s z ,milton's picture ( ,s91 ) all h] hell-h\nd prog5y ( future slave /ates h[l+ 9 h] womb1 & gave h] a frat]nal embrace2 & :5 ! "t came1 !y 7 also ready to vote m5 & money1--human blood & human s\ls1--= ! robb] atrocities ( ! ,mexican w>1 :i* a majority ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 on motion ( ,mr4 ,a%mun1 ( ,massa*usetts1 decl>$ to be 8unnecess>ily & uncon/itutionally comm5c$40 ,my fri5ds1 9 y\r obs]vations ( m51 y w f9d !re are "s moral non5tities1--political availabilities ?\gh !y may be1--:o c li/5 mo/ sanctimoni\sly to ! ,sa9t ,/eph5s1 :5 !y prophesy1 & !n hold ! clo!s ( ! ,lyn*]s :o /one !m to dea?4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod1 h[ev]1 ! manag]s & ! presses ( ! ,:ig p>ty disc\rs$ & pr9t$ v edify+ anti-slav]y homilies4 ,z ! h>ve/ mon?s came on1 an anti-slav]y zeal became an epidemic among !m2 & sporadic cases happ5$ at o!r times1 dep5d+ ^u ! days & places appo9t$ by ! gov]nor & c\ncil = special elections4 ,e body rememb]s h[ ! ,bo/on ,atlas us$ to /ir up ! pure m9ds ( ! ,democratic p>ty by way ( remembrance1 by publi%+1--p]iodically1 z !y say1 & sometimes (t5]1--! names ( ^? ,democratic s5ators or repres5tatives 9 our g5]al c\rt :o _h vot$ = fre$om & aga9/ ,texas1 9 ord] to %[ _! flagrant inconsi/5cy 9 /ill adh]+ to a p>ty t _h be5 false to lib]ty4 ,t pap] has done "s good s]vice to our cause1 especially 9 hold+ up = a long "t ! ,fugitive ,slave act to reprobation1 :ile ! o!r ,:ig presses 9 ! city 7 daily /riv+ to hide its atrocities f public view1 & to def5d :at !y c\ld n hide4 ,i tru/ ! reluctant & /ruggl+ editors ( t pap] are n to be ov]come by ! mammon ( slav]y1 :atev] disguises x may assume or compulsion x may use4 ,i tru/ ! slave p[] w nev] be able to use t[>ds !m ! language :i* hell's portress address$ to ,satan3-- 8,at fir/ !y call$ me ,s91 & = a sign ,port5t\s held me2 b1 famili> gr[n1 ,i pleas$1 & ) attractive graces won ,! mo/ av]se2 !e *iefly40 ,^? prosp]\s days ( ! ,massa*usetts ,:igs cont9u$ until #ahdh4 ,!y ?riv$ 9 basket & 9 /ore1 until1 l ,je%urun1 !y wax$ fat1 &1 at lea/ 9 ! f\r? & fif? congressional di/ricts1 !y p]=m$ "s v h>d kick+4 ,!n came ! nom9ation ( ,g5]al ,taylor4 ,g5]al ,taylor 0 a ,l\isiana slavehold]4 ,he _h be5 ! h]o ( ! ,florida w>1--z great an outrage aga9/ a race z ev] ,rome or ,russia committ$4 ,he _h be5 a prom95t1 &1 z _m believ$1 a will+ in/rum5t 9 spill+ ! innoc5t blood ( a si/] republic4 ,ev5 %\ld ! executive dive/ him ( milit>y comm&1 or he %\ld gr[ too old = s]vice1 x 0 univ]sally kn[n t !re 0 a full black battalion on 8 own plantation :i* he w\ld always comm&4 ,! s\? dem&$ 8 nom9ation absolutely4 ,!y w\ld he> no t]ms1 & w\ld (f] no t]ms4 ,9 ! nor!rn canvass x 0 /rongly ass]t$ t he _h writt5 a lett]1 say+ 9 s _m words t he w\ld n veto ! ,wilmot proviso2 b t lett] 0 s w>ily kept 9 a c]ta9 unm5tionable "p ( a ,:ig m]*ant's w>drobe1 t nei!r ,mesm]iz]s nor spiritual rapp]s c\ld read x al\d to ! p4 ,h5ce all om5s =ebod$ evil4 ,^? :i* we look$ = on ! e>? augur$ ill to our e>?ly int]e/s2 & ^? :i* we look$ = above 7 9 ! wrong qu>t] ( ! heav5s4 ,! "* ( _m ( ,g5]al ,taylor's fri5ds br\ght di/ru/ ^u himself4 ,he ow$ 8 election f> m to ! repulsion :i* good m5 felt t[>ds 8 oppon5t1 ,g5]al ,cass1 ?an to any attraction !y _h t[>ds him4 ,x 0 an occasion t tri$ ! sagacity & ! discretion ( hone/ m51 & ,i h always felt great *>ity bo? = 8 advocates & 8 oppon5ts2--ea* be+ able to make out s plausible a case4 ,! c\rse :i* ! ,connecticut cl]gyman took on t occasion always comm5d$ itself to me4 ,he vot$ ! ,taylor electoral ticket1 b indors$ a pray] on ! back ( 8 ballot1 say+ t he 0 pa9fully unc]ta9 z to ! c\rse ( duty1 & implor+ t 8 vote might be sanctifi$ = ! good ( ! c\ntry4 ,b ,i am happy to avail myself ( ?is1 & ( all opportunities1 to d ju/ice to ! "n ( ,g5]al ,taylor4 ,he turn$ out a v diff]5t man f :at 8 fri5ds or 8 foes suppos$ him to be4 ,i believe he desir$ fre$om = all ! t]ritories2 &1 c\ld he h be5 p]mitt$ to c>ry out 8 own plans1 he w\ld h secur$ n only ! fre$om ( ! t]ritories1 b w\ld also h consummat$ all ! great national measures ( ! p>ty t br\ght him into p[]4 ,mr4 ,clay ?rew ! fir/ /umbl+-block 9 8 way1 by 8 compromise s*eme4 ,?is1 alone1 might h be5 surm\nt$4 ,b ,mr4 ,web/]'s apo/asy1 on ! sev5? ( ,m>*1 turn$ ! tide ( battle4 ,x broke up ,g5]al ,taylor's phalanx1 bo? nor? & s\?4 ,x r\s$ ! droop+ & j yield+ spirits ( ! slave p[] to frantic ex]tion4 ,an enemy on ! field ,g5]al ,taylor 0 always ready to meet2 b he 0 n prep>$ = trea*]y 9 8 own camp4 ,/ill1 he ma9ta9$ 8 gr\nd resolutely1 until /ruck d[n by ! p[] t conqu]s ! conqu]ors4 ,!re are _m :o believe x 0 ,mr4 ,web/]'s p]fidy1 ) ! nameless labors & anxieties t came 9 its tra91 :i* caus$ ,g5]al ,taylor's dea?4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r ! political ,macbe? %all succe$ to ! ,banquo he spirit$ away1 ?\gh all ! 8weird0 bre?r5 ( ! slave m>t & ( ! 8,union & ,safety ,committees0 /ill tempt him onw>d by _! incantations4 ,b x 0 "u ! circum/ances ( ,g5]al ,taylor's nom9ation1 & n ( 8 dea?1 t a portion ( ! ,free ,soil]s p>t$ company ) ! ,:igs2 z ano!r portion did ) ! ,democrats1 because ( ,g5]al ,cass's av[$ subs]vi5cy to ! s\?1--& ! conduct ( all m5 is to be judg$ by ! circum/ances contempor>y ) _! acts1 & n subsequ5t to !m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re are ^? :o judge ( motives by results1 ?is c]ta9ly c be said 9 v9dication ( ! ,free ,soil p>ty1 t ! n[ act+ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o came 9 on ,g5]al ,taylor's ticket1 & is n[ complet+ 8 presid5tial t]m1 has done m = slav]y ?an ! ,free ,soil p>ty ev] pr$ict$ or fe>$ w\ld or c\ld be done by ! c&idates :om !y oppos$4 ,ev5 n[1 :5 ! ?ird ye> ( ! presid5tial t]m is b half sp5t1 ! ,:ig adm9i/ration1 aid$ by _m lead]s 9 ! ,:ig p>ty1 is c>ry+ out1 ) a rel5tless h&1 & a m rel5tless he>t1 worse pro-slav]y measures ?an ! ,free ,soil p>ty ev] *>g$ ^u !m dur+ ! canvass1 or ev] believ$ or conceiv$ !y c\ld commit4 ,su* 0 ! position ( affairs 9 ,massa*usetts 9 #ahdh1 :51 almo/ = ! fir/ "t )9 ! memory ( man1 ! ,:igs fail$1 at ! polls1 to elect electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t4 ,let u dwell = a mom5t on t crisis4 ,x 0 dur+ ! canvass ( #ahdh t ! ,:igs became s amor\s t[>ds ! rank & file ( ! ,free ,soil p>ty4 ,no knight-errant ev] prote/$ m fidelity1 or v[$ to d m valor\s de$s 9 8 mi/ress' cause4 ,?an "s ( !m1 no dove ev] coo$ ) a sweet] gurgle4 ,?an o!rs1 no /ag ev] (f5d$ ) a rank] brea?4 ,!y woo$ !m by daylight1 by moonlight1 & by tor*light4 ,!y swore belief n only 9 all ! ,free ,soil scriptures1 b 9 ! traditions ( its rabb9s4 ,! ,ord9ance ( '#hg !y lov$2 ! ,wilmot proviso !y lov$ bett]2 & w\ld ! coy damsel ( ,free ,soilism b cons5t to ! affiance1 ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia %\ld gladd5 ! esp\sals4 ,e ,:ig rally1 f w>d & s*ool di/rict meet+s to mon/] mass meet+s1 res\nd$ ) ,mr4 ,web/]'s slogan1 or w>-cry1 8,no m slave /ates6 ,no m slave repres5tation 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates60 ,! ,bo/on ,daily ,adv]tis]1 ! ,c\ri]1 & ! ,j\rnal1 :i* are n[ s\? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! impiety ( ! gr\nds on :i* !y def5d ! wrongs & ! aggressions ( slav]y1 & %\t on slave hunts ov] ,pilgrim burial gr\nds1--all gave back ! cry1 ) ?ree times ?ree1 8,no m slave /ates6 ,no m slave repres5tation 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates60 ,at all _! conv5tions1 ! ,:igs 8resolv$ & re-resolv$10 &--b ,i hope we may n be compell$ to f9i% ! l9e4 ,y 7 told !re 0 no m ne$ ( a ,free ,soil p>ty 9 ,massa*usetts ?an ( two suns 9 ! heav5s4 ,! ,:igs 7 ! true ,free ,soil]s2 !y held ,free ,soilism z a h]$itam5t1 or z an heir-loom long possess$ by ! anci5t family ( ! ,:igs4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,web/]1 :o _h v mu* )drawn f public gaze aft] ! ,philadelphia conv5tion1 & :o1 l ,a*illes1 sat 8sulk+ 9 8 t5t0 & mus+ ov] ! lo/ ,briseis ( a nom9ation1 0 at la/ tempt$1 by a succession ( brilliant reta9+ fees1 to come =? & reason ) ^! recusant & contumaci\s ,free ,soil]s face to face4 ,& :at did he say8 ,address+ himself di/9ctively to ,free ,soil]s1 he said1 8,if1 my fri5ds1 ! t]m #8,free ,soil' p>ty1 or #8,free ,soil' m51 is meant to designate "o :o has be5 fix$1 unalt]able1 to-day1 ye/]day1 & = "s "t pa/1 9 opposition to slav]y ext5sion1 !n ,i may claim to be1 & may hold myself1 z good a ,free ,soil man z any memb] ( t ,buffalo conv5tion4 ,i pray to "k :]e is _! soil fre] ?an t on :i* ,i h /ood8 ,i pray to "k :at words !y c use1 or c dictate to me1 fre] ?an ^? :i* h dwelt ^u my lips4 ,i pray to "k ) :at feel+s !y c inspire my brea/ m resolute & firm 9 resi/+ slav]y ,,ext5sion ,,or ,,encroa*m5t ?an h inhabit$ my bosom s9ce ! fir/ "t ,i op5$ my m\? 9 public life40 ,^!1 g5tlem51 7 8 words1 spok5 at ,m>%field1 on ! fir/ day ( ,septemb]1 #ahdh4 ,if he 7 "h to-day to address y1 c\ld he speak any words m grateful to y\r e>s8 ,if only tru? & a he>t 7 9 t language1 c\ld he speak any ?+ bett]8 ,x 0 by su* false pret5ces z ^! t ?\s&s1 & ,i d\bt n t5s ( ?\s&s1 ( m5 :olly p5etrat$ & imbu$ ) ,free ,soil pr9ciples1 7 kept 9 ! ,:ig ranks4 ,i 0 "o ( !m4 ,i _h fai? 9 m52 & ,i h x /ill1--) important exceptions h[ev]4 ,! ne$le po9ts to ! pole2 b if y br+ a huge black mass ( pig iron & place by its side1 x trembles1 yet deviates1 l a man /ruggl+ to be virtu\s be=e ov]:elm+ temptations4 ,remove ! di/urb+ =ce1 & x returns to its fidelity4 ,s1 :5 ! next presid5tial election is ov]1 ,i believe ! great body ( ! rank & file ( ! ,:ig p>ty 9 ,massa*usetts w return to _! duty2 = ,i v5ture to say1 t if ! ,:igs ( ,massa*usetts1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahdh1 c\ld h =ese5 ! pres5t position ( _! p>ty1 & ! demoralization :i* its lead]s h be5 able to "w 9 x1 n "o ?ird ( !m1 no1 n "o qu>t] ( !m1 c\ld h be5 induc$ to vote ! ticket t elect$ ,mr4 ,fillmore1 br\ght 9 ! pres5t cab9et1 & br\ght on ! pres5t disa/r\s policy4 ,b1 g5tlem51 ,i am occupy+ too mu* ( y\r "t4 ,i w add b a few m words4 ,i said ! address & resolutions ( ! ,:ig ,/ate ,conv5tion1 held at ,spr+field1 la/ week1 br\ght me "h4 ,i h read !m ) pr(\nd sorr[4 ,x 0 ! fir/ ,:ig conv5tion t ev] met 9 ,massa*usetts t did n at lea/ put =? "s noble doctr9es 9 favor ( fre$om1 :e!r !y meant to /& by !m or n4 ,yes1 ev5 ! conv5tion ( #ahej1--only "o ye> ago1--pass$ ! foll[+3-- 8,resolv$1 ,t ,massa*usetts av[s h] unalt]able det]m9ation to ma9ta9 all ! pr9ciples & purposes %e has 9 times pa/ affirm$ & reffirm$1 9 relation to ! ext5sion ( slav]y40 ,& yet ! late conv5tion1 ! fir/ "o t has met s9ce ! resolution :i* ,i h j read 0 adopt$1 has endors$ ! pres5t adm9i/ration1 :i* has done m to corrupt & dead5 public s5tim5t at ! nor?1 z to ! wrongs ( slav]y to ! enslav$1 & its injury to ! free1 & to aggr&ize ! pro-slav]y s\?1 & fo/] & enc\rage1 ay1 & rew>d its aggressions2--has done m1 ,i say1 ?an any o!r adm9i/ration t ev] exi/$ "u ?is gov]nm5t4 ,hi/ory w be> me out 9 ?is /atem5t4 ,yet1 at ?is crisis 9 human affairs1 ! "o idea1 ! ma/] purpose ( ! address & resolutions ( t conv5tion1 seems to h be51 to disp>age & depreciate ! great1 et]nal pr9ciples ( fre$om1 & to br+ odium & contempt ^u ! only p>ty n[ organiz$ = _! support4 ,g5tlem51 ! ,:ig lead]s1 9 ?is respect1 & 9 reg>d to ?is mo/ important & p>am\nt attribute ( ! ,:ig p>ty1 h lur*$ & lur*$ r\nd1 until !y h got into ! v tr\gh ( ! pro-slav]y sea4 ,its memb]s1 ,i admit1 are free to foll[ !m to _! ru91 if !y w2 b free1 too1 ,i ?ank ,god1 to g on 9 _! old c\rse1 /e]+ = ! hav5 ( honor & lib]ty4 ,i give ! great majority ev5 ( ! ,:ig lead]s ! cr$it ( hav+ yield$ to ?is pressure reluctantly1 & "u :at !y deem$ a sort ( political duress2 =1 g5tlem51 a new & mo/ al>m+ fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,:ig p>ty ( ?is c\ntry has be5 develop$ )9 ! la/ two ye>s4 ,x is ?is3 =m]ly1 & univ]sally1 ! ,:ig adm9i/ration 0 suppos$ to be *os5 to c>ry out ! views ( ! ,:ig p>ty2 b ! pres5t adm9i/ration1 hav+ ab&on$ ! gr\nds on :i* x obta9$ p[]1 & hav+1 = its own purposes1 tak5 new gr\nds1 n[ dem&s ( ! ,:ig p>ty to c>ry out1--n ! old policy ( ! ,:igs1 b ! new policy ( ! adm9i/ration4 ,fell[-citiz5s1 c\ld ,mr4 ,fillmore by any possibility h be5 elect$1 9 #ahdh2 c\ld he h got s _m z t5 ?\s& votes among all ! ,:igs ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 _h 8 pres5t attitude on ! subject ( slav]y be5 =ese58 ,0 !re ev] an h\r :5 ,mr4 ,web/] c\ld h obta9$ "o t5? "p1--"o fiftie? "p1--( ! votes ( ! ,massa*usetts legislature = ! (fice ( s5ator1 _h ! curta9 ( ! future be5 lift$ up1 & 8 pres5t position be5 reveal$8 ,y "k !re nev] 04 ,b1 dur+ ! ye> #ahej1 )\t any initial *ange1 or symptom ( a *ange1 on ! "p ( nor!rn ,:igs1 ! adm9i/ration1 prompt$ by its own purposes1 or yield+ f its own weakness1 fac$ squ>e ab\t2 & ev] s9ce t "t x has be5 /riv+1 by all ! lures ( patronage & ! t]rors ( d5unciation1 to =ce ! ,:igs ( ! nor? on to a k9d ( political turn-table1 l ^? railroad turn-tables y see at a c>-h\se1 s t ! :ole p>ty1 too1 %\ld be fac$ squ>e ab\t1 made to retrace _! c\rse1 by go+ backw>d among ! same p :o _h se5 !m g =w>d1 %\t+ d[n all !y _h %\t$ up1 & =swe>+ all ! glori\s doctr9es ( lib]ty to :i* ! :ole _w _h he>d !m swe>4 ,g5tlem51 if1 9 ?is /ress ( circum/ances1 any body asks me1 8,:]e %all ,i g80 my reply is1 ,don't get on to t political turn-table :i* ! adm9i/ration has prep>$ = ! ,:ig p>ty1 & n ! ,:ig p>ty = ! adm9i/ration2 = x w c>ry y\r c\ntry to ru91 & y\rself to di%onor4 ,dur+ ! canvass la/ autumn = a memb] ( ,congress = ! eigh? di/rict1 :51 z y all "k1 !re 7 su* 8godlike0 ex]tions made aga9/ my election1 ,i 0 ask$1 z a te/ "q1 by numb]s ( mo/ respectable memb]s ( ! ,:ig p>ty1 :at ,i ?\ght ( ! ,free ,soil p>ty1 & _! propos$ coalition at t "t4 ,i repli$ to !m 9 ! foll[+ words1 & my answ] is n[ on record 9 ! h&s ( my con/itu5ts3 8,i say1 z ,i h (t5 said1 t1 if ! ,:igs w live up to _! pr(essions a hundr$ times made1 ,i see no reason or w>rant = sep>ate organizations or coalitions4 ,b if ! great body ( ! ,:igs mean to belie all _! pr(essions1 & to p]secute & puni% all :o rema9 fai?ful to ! lessons :i* ! ,:ig p>ty itself has be5 tea*+ s /r5u\sly = s _m ye>s1 !n :at true ,:ig c blame any man = attempt+ to c>ry out :at ! ,:igs !mselves h promis$ to d1 b h ab&on$80 ,b ! ,massa*usetts ,:ig ,/ate ,conv5tion at t "t pass$ ! mo/ po9t$ & emphatic resolution1 affirm+ anew :at !y av[$ !mselves to h affirm$ & reffirm$ s (t5 be=e1 on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,i repos$ tru/ 9 _! hone/y2 ,i believ$ 9 _! v]acity2 &1 z a consequ5ce ( my fai?1 ,i vot$ ! entire ,:ig /ate ticket4 ,hav+ read _! la/ address & resolutions1 ,i mu/ n[ say1 t if !y desire any m votes ( m9e1 !y mu/ revive my fai? by "s new evid5ce ( _! good works4 ,let me adv]t to a few ( ! m sali5t po9ts 9 t address4 ,x labors to su/a9 a *>ge ( coalition aga9/ ! ,free ,soil p>ty4 ,well1 be=e ,i ei!r approve or condemn a 8coalition10 ,i mu/ "k by :om1 & = :at purpose1 x 0 =m$4 ,a coalition1 ,i suppose1 l o!r acts1 mu/ be "r or wrong accord+ to ! motive t prompts x4 ,b x is said ! ,free ,soil p>ty =m$ an alliance ) ^? :o1 on "s important po9ts1 _h no sympa?y ) x4 ,& :]e is ?is said8 ,:y1 9 a l& :]e our revolution>y fa!rs1 fight+ = fre$om & = a republic1 =m$ an alliance or coalition ) mon>*ical & despotic ,france1 & ) mon>*ical & despotic ,spa94 ,:at 7 ! po9ts ( resemblance or unison betwe5 ! ,am]ican ,conf$]ation on ! "o side1 & ,france or ,spa9 on ! o!r8 ,9 gov]nm5t1 9 policy1 9 mann]s1 9 education1 9 religion1 no?+ c\ld h be5 m diff]5t4 ,9 :at did !y agree8 ,9 ho/ility to ,great ,brita9 alone2 b n 9 a s+le "o ( ! reasons = t ho/ility1 nor 9 b "o ( ! objects to be accompli%$ by x1--! humiliation ( a haughty & ov]be>+ p[]4 ,at ! same "t1 ,great ,brita9 =m$ coalitions ) ! ,nor? ,am]ican savages1 to ext+ui% ! ris+ dawn ( fre$om4 ,& 9 ?is !y h be5 too fai?fully imitat$ by ! old hunk]s ( bo? p>ties2--imitat$1 ,i say1 n only 9 ! object & _s ( ! coalition1 b 9 ! weapons ) :i* ! w>f>e is wag$4 ,yes1 fell[-citiz5s2 = !re is an attempt1 & t attempt is to be foll[$ up1 to ov]:elm ! ,free ,soil p>ty by obloquy & d5unciation4 ,!re is to be a cry ( 8b>ga9 & corruption0 to put d[n ! ,free ,soil p>ty1 j z ! adm9i/ration ( ,mr4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 0 put d[n by ! same cry4 ,:o n[ believes any ?+ ab\t ! *>ge ( 8b>ga9 & corruption0 aga9/ ,mr4 ,adams1--except t x 0 a villan\s *>ge8 ,i believe ! same *>ge aga9/ ! ,free ,soil p>ty w h come1 tw5ty ye>s h5ce1 to ! same result1--t ( conf]r+ honor ^u its object1 & infamy ^u its au?ors4 ,b x is said ! ,free ,soil p>ty h seiz$ ! (fices & emolum5ts ( ! /ate4 ,i 0 abs5t la/ ,janu>y at ! "t ( ! organization ( ! /ate gov]nm5t2 b ,i h he>d t ^? :o 7 di/9ctively call$ ,free ,soil]s receiv$ only ! (fice ( secret>y ( /ate1 & presid5t ( ! s5ate1 & two or ?ree out ( ! n9e c\ncillors2--all ( !m ne>ly or q )\t patronage4 ,i suppose all _! emolum5ts comb9$ w\ld n equal :at is receiv$ by ! ,bo/on po/ma/]1 or ! collector ( ! ,bo/on port4 ,va/ 8ways & means0 ^! = ! corruption ( ! p6 ,! :ole ( !m w\ld n suffice a cab9et (fic] = a bonne b\*e or a tidbit4 ,& n[ ,i sugge/ a fur!r po9t4 ,0 !re a s+le ,free ,soil] :o receiv$ an (fice la/ w9t]1 on :at is call$ ! division ( ! spoils1 :i* ! p1 :5 !y vot$ = him at ! polls1 did n desire & mean t he %\ld receive8 ,n[1 ,i ne$ n say t :5 m5 conspire or coalesce = a selfi% purpose1 :e!r t purpose be (fice1 or emolum5t1 or ! pr(its ( trade1 or ! increase ( divid5ds1 & especially if !y sacrifice great pr9ciples ( public utility1 or morality1 or religion1 = ! selfi% end1 ,i condemn ! de$ ) my :ole he>t4 ,s :5 repres5tatives1 or ag5ts ( any k9d1 are elect$ or appo9t$ = special purposes1 & by votes or influ5ces )\t :i* !y c\ld n h obta9$ _! po/s1 & !n1 = _! own ambiti\s or m]c5>y objects1 !y coalesce to defeat ! w ( _! con/itu5ts1 any sev]ity ( language1 9 hold+ up _! conduct to reprobation1 may be us$ ) my full cons5t4 ,precisely ( ?is nature 0 ! coalition betwe5 ,mr4 ,web/] & ,g5]al ,cass1 to c>ry ?r\gh ! compromise measures & ! ,fugitive ,slave bill4 ,bo? 7 ag5ts1 bo? betray$ & violat$ ! w ( _! pr9cipals4 ,c\ld ,mr4 ,eliot1 ( ,bo/on1 h be5 elect$ to ,congress1 _h he av[$ 8 int5tion to vote = ! ,fugitive ,slave bill8 ,e body kn[s he c\ld n4 ,yet he coalesc$ ) ! secessioni/s1 ,messrs4 ,cl+man & ,v5able1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ) ! :ole ,s\? ,c>ol9a disunion delegation1 9 vot+ = ! ,fugitive ,slave bill4 ,= ,massa*usetts1 x 0 said t ! passage ( t bill w\ld raise ! price ( manufactur+ /ocks2 z1 = ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 x w\ld increase ! pr(its ( negro-bre$+4 ,"h1 !n1 are cases ( coalition betwe5 p]sons mutually ho/ile on o!r po9ts2 & all ! nor!rn memb]s engag$ 9 x1 n to c>ry out1 b to defeat1 ! w ( _! con/itu5ts4 ,b ! coalition ent]$ into by ! ,free ,soil p>ty 9 ?is /ate1 la/ ye>1 0 a coalition plann$1 =m$1 sanction$1 & execut$1 z f> z !y c\ld execute x1 by ! p !mselves1 act+ 9 _! orig9al1 sov]eign capacity1 at _! prim>y meet+s1 & at ! ballot box4 ,x 0 n orig9at$ by repres5tatives aga9/ ! wi%es ( _! con/itu5ts2 b ! repres5tatives c>ri$ out :at ! p :o *ose !m will$4 ,:at conclusively proves ?is to be s is1 t ! p :o elect$ ^! repres5tatives 7 satisfi$ ) :at !y did2 &1 s9ce ! "w has be5 done1 h %[n _! approval ( x 9 e practicable way4 ,!re may be wrong motives prompt+ to ! mo/ useful & b5efic5t acts1 z good motives sometimes lead to ! mo/ p]nici\s conduct2 b ,i am speak+ ( ^! acts ( alleg$ coalition :i* 7 in/itut$ by ! p !mselves1 discuss$ 9 _! he>+ at all ! prim>y meet+s & all ! conv5tions1 & aft]w>ds ratifi$ by _! votes2 & ,i say1 to comp>e su* a coalition ) t :i* took place betwe5 ,:igs & ,democrats 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & betwe5 unioni/s & disunioni/s1 slave-bre$]s & manufactur]s1 9 ! ,h\se1 to c>ry ?r\gh ! compromise bills & ! ,fugitive ,slave bill1 seems to me illogical1 prepo/]\s1 & absurd4 ,b x is said t ! b>ga9 9 ! "o case 0 op5 & public2 & t its t]ms 7 r$uc$ to writ+1 l a bond or cov5ant betwe5 individuals4 ,is x any ! worse = t8 ,_h y n z lief h an op5 b>ga9 t y c see1 z secret ones1 l ! ,texas /ock b>ga9s1 t y _c see8 ,i suppose t coalitions c be impli$ & und]/ood1 z well z contracts4 ,:y1 h y n se5 su* an impli$ coalition c>ri$ out 9 ,faneuil ,hall )9 a ye>1 :5 ! ,hon4 ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,hallett l$ on 8 cohorts1 & ! ,hon4 ,rufus ,*oate advanc$ 8 =ces to jo9 !m2 :5 ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,r4 ,curtis jo9$ h&s ) ,mr4 ,david ,h5%aw1 :o 0 pres5t by lett]1 if n 9 p]son1--honorable m5 all1--& =m$ "o ( ! mo/ lov+ & h>moni\s coalitions out ( z het]og5e\s & repulsive elem5ts z ev] *aos jumbl$ toge!r1--a coalition n to lift ! ble$+ =m ( lib]ty up1 b to cru% x d[n4 ,! coalition ent]$ into by ! ,free ,soil]s c]ta9ly did "o ?+ :i* w\ld atone = _m errors4 ,!y elect$ ,mr4 ,*>les ,sumn] to ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& ,i _c believe !re is a man to be f\nd 9 any p>ty s %ameless & deprav$ z to *>ge ,mr4 ,sumn] ) any di%onorable coalesc+1 or ) be+ ta9t$1 9 a hair ( 8 head or 9 a filam5t ( 8 g>m5ts1 ) 8b>ga9 & corruption40 ,mr4 ,sumn] 0 n elect$ on any pr9ciple ( availability1 b on ! pr9ciple ( 8,detur digniori10--8,let x be giv5 to ! mo/ wor?y40 ,8 l(ty p$e/al is too firm to be %ak5 by any su* accusation4 ,8 "* is n to be affect$ by any (fice :i* he %all hold1 b only by :at he does1 :e!r 9 (fice or out ( x4 ,:ile def5d+1 9 ?is way1 ! pr9ciple ( coalitions1 :5 =m$ by ! p !mselves1 no "o1 ( c\rse1 c\ld be und]/ood z pl$g+ himself to vote = all _! measures4 ,?is w\ld be ! old & wick$ p>tisan pr9ciple ( /&+ by our p>ty1 "r or wrong4 ,i am also free to say t !re is1 9 my op9ion1 a prima facie objection aga9/ coalitions2 b ,i _c d\bt ! exi/5ce ( cases :]e !y are n only ju/ifiable1 b laudable4 ,i lay d[n ?is great pr9ciple3 ,i ?9k ! ,free ,soil p>ty %\ld act at any "t1 on any po9t1 ) any p>ty ?r\gh :om !y c help ! cause ( fre$om4 ,! ,:ig address rem>ks z foll[s3 8,we are n[ able to say1 aft] ! exp]i5ce ( ne>ly a twelvemon?1 t x1 ! adm9i/ration1 has fully e>n$ ! confid5ce :i* we aw>d$ to x 9 advance4 ,! great int]e/s ( ! c\ntry h be5 fai?fully c>$ =60 ,i ask1 ,:at great int]e/s ( ! c\ntry h be5 fai?fully c>$ =8 ,:at int]e/ ( ! ,:ig p>ty1 assum+ to be ! c\ntry1 has be5 fai?fully c>$ =8 ,h we got a t>iff8 ,mr4 ,web/] dissipat$ all *ance ( t = ! pres5t1 & ,i fe> = ye>s to come1 :5 he taught ! s\? to ?reat5 & prevail4 ,h we any riv] & h>bor appropriations8 ,alas6 nor!rn capital & nor!rn lives /ill g to ! bottom on our we/]n wat]s4 ,is ! f9ancial policy ( ! c\ntry *ang$8 ,let ! condition ( ! money m>ket = ! la/ few mon?s1 & also its prospective condition1 gr9d+ ! middle classes ( tradesm5 & manufactur]s z betwe5 ! upp] & ne!r mill/one1 answ] ?is "q4 ,a re=m 9 all ^! p>ticul>s w\ld d\btless h be5 affect$ b = ,mr4 ,web/]'s apo/asy2 b :]e are ^! re=ms n[8 ,if !y exi/ at all1 !y exi/ 9 "s indef9ite future4 ,:at int]e/ ( ! c\ntry1 !n1 has be5 fai?fully c>$ = or secur$8 ,n "o6 ,n "o6 ,! mo/ prom95t memb] ( ! adm9i/ration has be5 engag$ 9 c>ry+ out ! policy ( ! s\?1--9 visit+ s\!rn cities to p&] to ! slave p[]1 & nor!rn cities to /ifle ! _s ( fre$om4 ,two arm$ exp$itions h be5 fitt$ out 9 our own ports aga9/ ! t]ritory ( a gov]nm5t ) :i* we are at peace1 result+ 9 ! loss ( hundr$s ( lives1 :ile ! ,presid5t & 8 fir/ secret>y h be5 sp5d+ _! "t gayly at wat]+-places4 ,:5 "s ( our citiz5s1 a few ye>s ago1 af=d$ "s assi/ance to ! 8,lib]als0 ( ,canada1 9 favor ( a movem5t :i* ,canadians !mselves _h already set on foot1 ! gov]nm5t promptly & en]getically int]f]$4 ,b ,canada & ,cuba are wid] ap>t politically ?an !y are geographically4 ,slav]y makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,! only valor\s exploit ( ?is adm9i/ration 0 ! issu+ ( a proclamation1 :5 "o s\!rn slave1 f among ?ree millions1 escap$ f ! h\se ( bondage1 & f\nd t protection "u ! ,briti% ensign :i* 0 d5i$ to him by ! ,am]ican flag1 & t "r to a trial by jury "u a mon>*y :i* 0 d5i$ to him by a republic4 ,or1 if any o!r act %\ld be add$ to ! prec$+1 x 0 ! ,presid5t's lett] to ,dr4 ,coll9s1 ( ,georgia1 (f]+ ! use ( ! army & navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to cat* "o poor :ite woman1 ,ell5 ,crafts1 & h] husb&1 & return !m to bondage4 ,9 ano!r passage ( ! ,:ig address all disguise is ca/ (f1 & x is op5ly decl>$1 t ! giv+ ( an extra slave /ate to ,texas1 ) t]ritory en\gh = half a doz5 m z l>ge z ,massa*usetts1 & t5 millions ( doll>s 9 addition to t1 & ! /atutory p]mission t slav]y may g into ,new ,mexico & ,utah1 & ev5 t abhorr$ enactm5t1 ! ,fugitive ,slave law1 are only 8factiti\s & imag9>y0 gr\nds ( compla9t4 ,! ,free ,soil p>ty is condemn$ because x takes any notice ( su* 8factiti\s & imag9>y0 causes4 ,a ?ree-p5ny tax on tea 0 a real grievance1--"o fit to be resi/$ unto blood1 to be hi/orically record$1 & to :i* we are n a%am$ to ref] :5 descant+ ^u ! honor ( our fa!rs4 ,b su* l>gesses to slav]y z k+s c\ld n af=d to give1 & ! robb]y ( an entire race ( all its rights1--yes1 & ) au?ority1 too1 to make u help commit ! robb]y1--^! are 8factiti\s & imag9>y0 causes ( dissatisfaction4 ,m5 ( ,massa*usetts6 moral & religi\s m56 lov]s ( fre$om & ( y\r c\ntry1 7 y prep>$ = ?is8 ,b ! address goes /ill fur!r4 ,x goes into an elaborate palliation ( ! ,fugitive ,slave law itself4 ,x fir/ attempts to %ift ! "q by ask+ ! ,free ,soil]s :at !y w\ld d ) reg>d to ! con/itutional provision respect+ escap$ slaves4 ,! views ( ! ,free ,soil p>ty on ?is po9t1 & _! purpose ( fidelity to ! con/itution1 h be5 set =? a hundr$ times4 ,9 fur!r answ]1 !re=e1 to ?is "q1 ,i tru/ x is only necess>y to rem>k1 t ! ,free ,soil p>ty w d :at !y say1 & n pass t5 long ye>s 9 ass]t+1 & prote/+1 & resolv+1 & call+ ,e>? & ,heav5 to witness _! devotion to ,fre$om1 & !n disav[ all !y _h ev] av[$1 & =swe> _! oa?s4 ,let me read to y ! disp>ag+ & contemptu\s rem>k ( ! address on t great palladium ( human lib]ty1 ! trial by jury4 8,is no?+ meant10 x gravely asks1 8b ! sub/itution ( ! v]dict ( a jury = ! decision ( a judge40 ,no?+ b--:at8 8,! v]dict ( a jury = ! decision ( a judge10 t is1 ( a commission]6 ,& are ! p]sons :o prep>$ t address s ne>ly /one bl9d z n to recognize ! inf9ite diff]5ce betwe5 ! v]dict ( a jury & ! decisions ( su* commission]s z ,messrs4 ,+raham1 ,smi?1 & ,nelson8 ,+raham1 ( ,philadelphia1 s5t a man into bondage :om ! alleg$ claimant refus$ to receive z soon z he saw him1 kn[+ t all 8 family1 & all 8 slaves1 & all 8 neighbors w\ld see t he _h no "r to him4 ,smi?1 ( ,buffalo1 gave a c]tificate to c>ry ,daniel into slav]y1 :5 n a s+le item1 or p>ticle1 or tittle ( legal & admissible evid5ce 0 be=e him z pro(1 z 0 aft]w>ds %[n by ,judge ,conkl+1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt4 ,nelson1 ( ,new ,york1 =c$ ! facts 9 ,bold+'s case to br+ !m )9 ! law :i* he himself _h laid d[n1 z mu* z ev] a fraudul5t book-keep] =c$ balances to cov] an embezzlem5t4 ,sims1 in/ead ( hav+ common-law notice & "t to s5d = evid5ce1 0 seiz$ at night on a false & trump$-up *>ge ( /eal+4 ,daniel 0 knock$ d[n by ! claimant's ag5t ) a club1 tumbl$ & tortur$ ^u a hot /ove1 8 scalp torn op51 & !n compell$ to g to trial1 :ile1 z describ$ by an eye witness1 8he sat doz+1 unable to talk ) 8 c\nsel1 ) ! blood sl[ly ooz+ out ( 8 m\? & no/rils40 ,hamlet1 ,long1 & ,bold+ 7 sprung ^u z remorselessly z a tig] spr+s ^u a lamb1 & c>ri$ to trial )\t be+ all[$ to g to _! respective homes to bid f>ewell to _! families4 ,an alleg$ slave has lately be5 tak5 f ,p5nsylvania :o 0 seiz$ 9 ! night1 tri$ 9 ! night1 & c>ri$ away on ! same night1 )\t any opportunity = prep>ation1 = c\nsel1 or = def5ce4 ,! kidnapp]1 ,alb]ti1 n[ lies 9 a ,p5nsylvania prison = c>ry+ away a "m & h] *ild2 b ! "m & ! *ild are n[ groan+ "u ! la% ( a s\!rn taskma/]4 ,_h ?is villa91 ,alb]ti1 & 8 accomplices be5 detect$ :ile ! victims 7 /ill 9 _! h&s1 ,i suppose he w\ld h c>ri$ !m be=e ,mr4 ,commission] ,+raham1 & _h ! wrong legally rectifi$1--! blackness ( ! crime judicially wa%$ :ite4 ,^! are b specim5s ( :at ! ,fugitive ,slave law has already done1 be=e ! public m9d has become famili>iz$ ) its brutalities1 & :ile !re is yet "s s5sibility to ! claims ( ju/ice & m]cy left among u4 ,& yet ! writ] ( ?is address & ! committee t (f]$ x1 ask u :e!r all we mean is ! sub/itution ( ! v]dict ( a jury = ! decision ( a commission]4 ,i answ]1 t ?is diff]5ce :i* !y s be-little & disp>age w (t5 be all ! diff]5ce betwe5 fre$om & bondage1 betwe5 life & dea?1 betwe5 honor & infamy1 betwe5 happ9ess & p]dition4 ,& n[1 fell[-citiz5s1 if1 9 addition to hav+ our nor!rn freem5 kidnapp$ 9 s\!rn ports1 & imprison$ & sold into bondage2 if1 9 addition to fight+ = =eign t]ritory to be add$ to ! doma9 ( slav]y2 if1 9 addition to be+ tax$1 9 sums ( millions & t5s ( millions1 to =tify ! slave p[]2--if1 9 addition to all ?is1 we are to be depriv$ & defraud$ ( t noble & v5]able in/itution1 ! trial by jury1--an in/itution sanctifi$ by ! blood ( m>tyrs1 hall[$ by ! pray]s ( sa9t$ patriots1 held sacr$ by all good m51 & taught to _! *ildr5 l ! liv+ oracles ( ,god2--if ?is attempt is to be made1 z ! late ,:ig address =e%ad[s1--!n ,i say1 a m flagrant case ( apo/asy is n[h]e to be f\nd on ! records ( any hi/ory1 sacr$ or pr(ane1 s9ce ,satan broke into p>adise & ,web/]iz$ our fir/ p>5ts4 ,i %all adv]t to b "o m po9t 9 ! address4 ,x speaks ( ! 8pitiable humbug ( ballot envelopes40 ,n[1 g5tlem51 ,i may be all wrong on ?is subject4 ,my in/9cts1 reason1 judgm5t1 consci5ce1 may all mislead2 b f ! fir/ "t1 n[ ye>s ago1 :5 ,i he>d ?is subject broa*$1 my in/9cts1 reason1 judgm5t1 consci5ce1 h all be5 9 its favor4 ,:y1 fell[-citiz5s1 ! ballot is worse ?an useless1 if x be n ,,free6 ,bett] be deb>r$ f ! privilege ( vot+ at all1 ?an to be mock$ ) ! =m1 :ile *eat$ ( ! sub/ance4 ,a s\!rn slave /&s high]1 politically1 ?an a nor!rn labor]1 if ! latt] mu/ vote z 8 employ] dictates4 ,x may be v well = an opul5t man1 "o ( va/ =tune1 :o is dep5d5t on nobody1 & s c>es = nobody1 :o goes qu>t]ly & takes 8 ?\s&s ( doll>s = r5ts or divid5ds2 x may be v well = him to laugh at ! secret ballot1 & call x a 8humbug20 b let u look at ! o!r end ( ! scale4 ,let u look 9 ! ?\s&s ( day-labor]s1 ( workm5 on corporation gr\nds1 ( dep5d5t cl]ks1 ( subord9ates at cu/om-h\ses & o!r public (fices1 & s =?1 :o h no capital b _! indu/ry1 no res\rces b _! daily e>n+s1 :o h an ag$ "m or dep5d5t si/]s to support1 or a family ( *ildr5 to be f$1 clo!d1 & educat$2 :o may be turn$ out ev5 ( ! humble t5em5ts :]e !y live1 z w9t] is com+ on2 :o may be refus$ promotion or advancem5t 9 _! "w & 9 _! wages2 & 9 reg>d to "s ( :om ! wolf ( hung] sits gr[l+ at ! door2 let u look at ^!1 ,i say1 & !n answ] ! "q1 :e!r !y ought n to be protect$ 9 vot+ accord+ to _! judgm5t & consci5ce4 ,! lib]ty ( vot+ includes all o!r lib]ties4 ,! man ( indep5d5t circum/ances has ?is lib]ty2 & no man's circum/ances1 n ev5 ! poore/ & ! humble/1 %\ld be s dep5d5t z to take x away4 ,i d n desire ?is secret ballot law = myself4 ,i l to lay my ballot 9 ! box1 face upw>ds1 look+ heav5w>d2 look+ ! ,paul ,prys :o hov] r\nd1 full 9 ! eye2 b ,i am will+ & glad to put t ballot 9 an envelope1 9 ord] to protect my poor neighbor1 ! bread ( ^: m\?1 ! %elt] ( ^: family1 & ! education ( ^: *ildr51 may dep5d ^u ! vote he gives4 ,ay1 ,i g fur!r4 ,i %\ld ?9k t any high-m9d$ man1 any man hav+ prop] s5sibilities respect+ 8 relations to 8 social inf]iors1 w\ld rejoice 9 su* a law z ?is2 because x w\ld take away all gr\nd ( accusation or imputation t he w\ld d s unrighte\s & da/>dly a de$ z to invade a dep5dant's "r ( vot+ z x might seem to him good4 ,g5tlem51 x is said1 9 "o ( ! ,spr+field resolutions1 t ! la/ legislature co/ ! /ate an extra fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,:e!r x did or n is n ( any v va/ importance2 ?\gh ,i confess ,i h a great respect = ,poor ,ri*>d's economy1 & w\ld save all t ,i c\ld4 ,b does n ! v m5tion ( ?is sum ( fifty ?\s& rem9d "o ( ano!r sum1 almo/ precisely ! same1 :i* 0 sp5t la/ ye> on "o ( ,mr4 ,sumn]'s pr$ecessors 9 ! s5atorial (fice8 ,& if x co/ fifty ?\s& doll>s = a ticket to pass ,mr4 ,web/] out ( ! ,s5ate1 x 0 surely wor? z mu* = a ticket to pass ,mr4 ,sumn] 94 ,g5tlem51 ,i close by rem>k+ t x is 9 view ( ^! great que/ions ( human fre$om1--9 view ( ! solemn responsibility 9 :i* we /& to our c\ntry & to po/]ity1 t we h assembl$ "h to-day4 ,may ?is meet+ prove to be a conc5tration ( rays ( scatt]$ light & wisdom1 meet+ & burn+ 9 a focus1 & !n s5d+ back illum9ation & *e]+ to all ! p>ts ( our belov$ commonweal?4 ,if1 9 my humble way1 ,i c d any ?+ to promote s glori\s an object1 my s]vices are at y\r disposal4 ,,footnotes3 #be ,s5eca4 ,! passage is quot$ 9 ! ,d$ication1 pp4 ix41 x4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,page #bd3 8*ap] #da10 *ang$ to 8*apt] #da10 ,page #ajg3 8,f ! speeeh0 *ang$ to 8,f ! spee*0 ,page #afa3 8,hebpurn et al0 *ang$ to 8,hepburn et al0 ,page #ahi3 8,si]ra ,nev$a0 *ang$ to 8,si]ra ,nevada0 ,page #aij3 8n only guranties0 *ang$ to 8n only gu>antees0 ,page #bci3 8#cf #cj0 *ang$ to 8#cf #cj0 ,page #bfe3 8leg] book0 *ang$ to 8l$g] book0 ,page #bhg3 8synonymes giv50 *ang$ to 8synonyms giv50 ,page #cae3 8wordly affairs10 *ang$ to 8worldly affairs10 ,page #cba3 8travel ?\gh any "p0 *ang$ to 8travel ?r\gh any "p0 ,page #ccc3 8rev]5$ & le>n$0 *ang$ to 8rev]$ & le>n$0 ,page #ccf3 8be villifi$0 *ang$ to 8be vilifi$0 ,page #cgf3 8( ,new ,hamphire0 *ang$ to 8( ,new ,hamp%ire0 ,page #dad3 8! apellants0 *ang$ to 8! appellants0 ,page #ddd3 8z org9ally0 *ang$ to 8z orig9ally0 ,page #dfd3 8wordly advantages0 *ang$ to 8worldly advantages0