,,public ,,op9ion ,,& ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,"s ,,rec5t ,,borzoi ,,texts ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,prospects ,,( ,,! ,,social ,,sci5ces edit$ by ,h>ry ,elm] ,b>nes ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,engli% ,,hi/ory by ,william ,t4 ,morgan ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,social ,,intellig5ce by ,h>ry ,elm] ,b>nes ,,factors ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,hi/ory by ,a4 ,f4 ,poll>d ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,russia by ,sir ,b]n>d ,p>es ,public ,op9ion & ,! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,,by ,,bessie ,,l\ise ,,pi]ce1 ,,ph4,d4 ,associate ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,i[a ,head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,social ,/udies ,univ]sity ,high ,s*ool ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,alfr$ ,a4 ,,knopf #aibf ,,copyright1 #aibf1 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,a4 ,,knopf1 ,,inc4 ,,set ,,up1 ,,electrotyp$1 ,,pr9t$ ,,& ,,b\nd ,,by ,,! ,,plimpton ,,press1 ,,norwood1 ,,mass4 ,,pap] ,,suppli$ ,,by ,s4 ,d4 ,,w>r5 ,,co4 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,,manufactur$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,to ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,s*les+] ,,9 ,,gratitude ,,preface ,_m influ5ces h condition$ ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! public s*ools--local & national1 /atutory & con/itutional1 ephem]al & endur+1 religi\s1 educational1 racial & patriotic4 ,x is ! purpose ( ?is /udy to give an hi/orical acc\nt ( "s ( ! attempts to control ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! public s*ools4 ,! fir/ f\r *apt]s trace ! legislative control t has be5 ex]t$ 9 all p]iods ( our hi/ory1 beg9n+ ) ! educational enactm5ts ( ! e>ly colonies & foll[+ ! developm5t ( ! curriculum to ! pres5t "t4 ,su* /atutory control falls into fairly def9ite p]iods4 ,! fir/ embraces ! e>lie/ /atutes relat+ to public education4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod hi/ory 0 introduc$ into ! s*ool curriculum z a sep>ate subject specifi$ by law4 ,! next /age1 #ahfj to #aijj1 0 *>act]iz$ by ! influ5ces set 9 motion by ! ,civil ,w> & ! ,economic ,revolution4 ,9 ! ye>s f #aijj to #aiag1 ! hi/ory curriculum reflect$ ! new int]e/ ( ! ,am]ican p 9 ! social & economic conditions t _h develop$4 ,f #aiag to ! pres5t1 ! dom9ant note has be5 a dynamic patriotism gr[+ out ( ! ,_w ,w>4 ,besides ! legislative aspects ( ! subject1 ,i h endeavor$ to set =? ! propag&i/ influ5ces on textbook-mak+ ex]t$ by religi\s1 patriotic1 racial & o!r organiz$ gr\ps4 ,)9 ! la/ five ye>s att5tion to an unprec$5t$ degree has be5 focus$ ^u hi/ory & its alli$ subjects4 ,al?\gh mu* int]e/ has be5 atta*$ to ! agitation c>ri$ on s9ce ! ,_w ,w>1 simil> movem5ts m>k$ e>li] p]iods4 ,a *apt] on ,disloyalty ,*>ges aga9/ ,tea*]s s9ce #aiag has be5 includ$ z p]t95t to ! discussion 9 g5]al4 ,because ( _! k9%ip ) hi/ory1 ! o!r social /udies h be5 consid]$4 ,! t]m social /udies has be5 us$ to embrace hi/ory1 economics1 gov]nm5t & sociology4 ,geography has n be5 includ$1 because x b rec5tly acquir$ a place 9 ! curriculum z a social /udy4 ,m att5tion1 fur!rmore1 has be5 paid to ! subject ( hi/ory1 s9ce x has be5 ! *ief social /udy 9 ! public s*ool curriculum4 ,!re has be5 no attempt to portray ! ext5t to :i* laws h be5 en=c$4 ,?r\gh\t x has be5 my desire to n>rate )\t p>tiality or prejudice ! facts relat+ to ! subject "u discussion4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is volume ,i am indebt$ to _m fri5ds = advice & cop]ation 9 obta9+ mat]ial4 ,9 ! se>* = pres5t-day conditions ,i h drawn heavily ^u _m correspond5ts includ+ s*ool sup]9t5d5ts1 textbook au?ors & publi%]s1 z well z ^? engag$ 9 criticis+ s*ool hi/ories4 ,to all :o h aid$1 ,i w\ld "h express my s9c]e gratitude4 ,i h p>ticul>ly pr(it$ by ! guidance & con/ructive criticism ( ,pr(essor ,ar?ur ,m4 ,s*les+] ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 :o fir/ call$ ! subject to my att5tion1 & :o is *iefly responsible = :atev] m]it !re is 9 ?is /udy4 ,i am indebt$ = _m helpful sugge/ions to ,pr(essor ,erne/ ,horn ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,i[a1 to ,pr(essor ,c>l ,wittke ( ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity1 & to ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,j4 ,purcell ( ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ( ,am]ica4 ,^! ackn[l$gm5ts w\ld n be complete )\t m5tion+ my obligation to my si/]1 ,anne ,e4 ,pi]ce1 = assi/ance at all /ages 9 ! prep>ation ( ! manuscript1 & to my "m1 ^: _s ( cop]ation has prov$ a con/ant s\rce ( inspiration4 ,b4 ,l4 ,p4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,/atutory ,,regulation ,,( ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory ,i4 ,! ,p]iods ( ,beg9n+s #c ,,ii4 ,nationalism & ,localism 9 ,hi/ory ,legislation1 #ahfj-aijj #ab ,,iii4 ,laws = ! ,expansion ( ! ,hi/ory ,curriculum1 #aijj-aiag #dc ,,iv4 ,! ,effect ( ! ,_w ,w> on ,laws = ,tea*+ ,hi/ory #gj ,v4 ,disloyalty ,*>ges ,aga9/ ,tea*]s ,s9ce #aiag #aaa ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,activities ,,( ,,propag&i/ ,,ag5cies ,,vi4 ,attempts to ,control ,textbooks #ace ,,vii4 ,! ,attack on ,hi/ory ,textbooks ,s9ce #aiag #bjf ,app5dices #cja ,bibliography #cci ,index #cee ,,"p ,i ,,/atutory ,,regulation ,,( ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory 8,! law is only a memor&um 444 & z fa/ z ! public m9d is op5$ to m intellig5ce1 ! code is se5 to be brute & /amm]+4 ,x speaks n articulately & mu/ be made to4444 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,/ate sket*es 9 co>se outl9e ! progress ( ?\ght1 & foll[s at a di/ance ! delicacy ( culture & ( aspiration40 ,,em]son1 ,essays & ,engli% ,traits4 ,,"p ,i ,,/atutory ,,regulation ,,( ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,beg9n+s ,/atutory prescriptions ( hi/ory z a specific subject 9 ! ,am]ican public s*ool _h _! beg9n+ 9 ! ye>s betwe5 #ahbg & #ahfj2 yet ! way = su* enactm5ts _h be5 *>t$ by e>li] educational legislation4 ,= example1 9 #afdb ! ,massa*usetts ,puritans provid$ t e *ild be taught en\gh 8to read & und]/& ! pr9ciples ( religion & ! capital laws ( ! c\ntry10#a & return+ to ! subject 9 #afdg1 express$ _! belief t education w\ld s]ve to 8?w>t t auld delud] ,sa?an0 ^: 8*eife project 0 to keep m5 f ye k ( ye ,scriptures40#b ,9 ! c\rse ( "t x 0 natural t ! function ( education %\ld enl>ge4 ,f ! religi\s conception inevitably sprang a belief 9 education z a means ( imp>t+ an und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( 8"r liv+40 ,! individual z a virtu\s1 polite1 & exempl>y =ce 9 ! community became ! objective ( ! lawmak]4 ,closely alli$ ) ?is conviction 0 a fai? 9 education z an in/rum5t = tea*+ patriotism & = tra9+ 9 ! fundam5tals ( gov]nm5t4 ,?us1 9 #agcb1 ,new ,york ju/ifi$ ! e/abli%m5t ( h] s*ools on ! gr\nd t 8good ,le>n+ is n only a v great ,accompli%m5t b ! prop]e/ ,means to ,atta9 ,k1 ,improve ! ,m9d1 ,morality & good ,mann]s & to make ,m5 bett]1 wis] & m useful to _! ,c\ntry z well z to !mselves40#c ,9 #aghj ,massa*usetts took a simil> /&1#d p]ceiv+ 9 h] s*ools a me?od ( direct+ ! masses 9 ! great und]tak+ ( self-gov]nm5t1--a function recogniz$ by ,wa%+ton1 ,john ,adams1 ,jeff]son & o!r m5 ( ! day4#e ,o!r commonweal?s also accept$ education z a means to 8pres]ve & p]fect a ,republican ,con/itution0 & to 8secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty40#f ,^! e>ly laws ?us pav$ ! way = ^? ( a lat] "t4 ,!y laid ! f\ndation ( an education direct$ t[>d ! developm5t ( civic effici5cy4 ,yet _! influ5ce 0 circumscrib$ by ! virtual abs5ce ( free1 public s*ools4 ,?is lack1 h[ev]1 ! second qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 de/9$ to rem$y2 = su* 0 ! democratic awak5+ ( ! 'tw5ties & '?irties t ne>ly e field ( human activity 0 trans=m$4 ,trade associations atte/$ a quick5$ consci\sness 9 ! labor+ man2 re=m movem5ts bore te/imony to a new social po9t ( view2 & an ar\s$ electorate *ose = ! highe/ (fice ( ! l& t expon5t ( democracy1 ,&rew ,jackson4#g ,9 ! /ates outside ( ,new ,engl& little _h be5 accompli%$ 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! c5tury t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( tax-support$ s*ools4 ,) ! ext5sion ( manhood suffrage1 h[ev]1 came ! realization t ! functions ( gov]nm5t 7 safe only 9 ! h&s ( an enlight5$ electorate--a conviction :i* _h come only aft] mu* agitation & bitt] argum5t4 ,gradually & inevitably ! public s*ool1 support$ by public funds1 became ! embodim5t ( ! democratic ideal 9 :i* 8intellig5ce is ! gr& condition40#h ,! ye> #ahbg signaliz$ ! entrance ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory into ! s*ool curriculum z a /udy requir$ by law4 ,at ?is "t bo? ,massa*usetts & ,v]mont made ! tea*+ ( national hi/ory compulsory4 ,! ,massa*usetts law provid$ t 8e t[n1 conta9+ five hundr$ families or h\sehold]s1 %all ma9ta9 a s*ool to be kept by a ma/] ( compet5t ability & good morals1 :o %all 444 give in/ruction 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 book-keep+1 survey+1 geometry1 & algebra2 & su* la/ m5tion$ s*ool %all be kept = ! b5efit ( all ! inhabitants ( ! t[n1 t5 mon?s at lea/1 exclusive ( vacations ea* ye> 4442 & 9 e t[n conta9+ f\r ?\s& inhabitants1 ! said ma/] %all1 9 addition to all ! bran*es ( in/ruction be=e requir$ 9 ?is *apt] be compet5t to in/ruct 9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek languages1 & hi/ory1 rhetoric & logic40#i ,! ,v]mont /atute1 design$ = ! elem5t>y s*ool1 requir$ t 8ea* organiz$ t[n 9 ?is /ate %all keep & support a s*ool or s*ools1 provid$ ) a tea*] or tea*]s1 ( good morals1 = ! in/ruction ( y\?s 9 444 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & good behavior40#aj ,c\nt]p>ts ( ^! laws pres5tly appe>$ 9 o!r /ates4 ,9 #ahdf ,new ,hamp%ire prescrib$ hi/ory z a subject 9 high s*ools1#aa & %ortly aft] x 0 sanction$ by ,rhode ,isl&4#ab ,9 #aheg ! ,massa*usetts legislature plac$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 9 h] elem5t>y s*ools1 & add$ g5]al hi/ory1 ! 8civil polity0 ( ! commonweal? & political economy to ! requir$ subjects = high s*ools4#ac ,?ree ye>s lat]1 %e aga9 committ$ h]self 9 favor ( ! social /udies 9 ! curriculum4 8,9 e t[n10 ! law read1 8!re %all be kept = at lea/ six mon?s 9 ea* ye>1 a suffici5t numb] ( s*ools = ! in/ruction ( all ! *ildr5 444 9 or?ography1 read+1 writ+1 ,engli% gramm>1 geography1 ari?metic1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & good behavior44440 ,?is law fur!r requir$ 9 e t[n ( five hundr$ families or h\sehold]s ! ma9t5ance ( a s*ool 9 :i* in/ruction 9 g5]al hi/ory & ! 8civil polity0 ( ! commonweal? & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be giv51#ad & also p]mitt$ ! tea*+ ( political economy4#ae ,! ,s\? did n awak5 to ! ne$s ( public education at ?is e>ly p]iod because ( its in/itutional & economic developm5t4 ,virg9ia 0 ! only /ate ( t section to enact legislation relat+ to ! tea*+ ( hi/ory be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,9 #ahdi %e provid$ t 9 di/rict s*ools 8%all be ?or\ghly taught1 444 hi/ory1 especially t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,virg9ia40#af ,none ( ! /ates ( ! ,middle ,we/ foll[$ ! example set by ,massa*usetts & ,v]mont 9 #ahbg2 b ,cali=nia1 /ill 9 a pione] /age ( developm5t1 requir$ in/ruction 9 ! f$]al & /ate con/itutions 9 h] gramm> s*ools1 z well z political economy 9 ! high s*ools4#ag ,?is provision con/itutes "o ( ! fir/ attempts by /atute to place ! subject ( gov]nm5t 9 ! curriculum1 al?\gh sev]al ( ! old] /ates _h at an e>ly "t emphasiz$ ! necessity ( a k ( ! /ate law4#ah ,9 fact1 su* 0 ! lack ( sy/ematic in/ruction 9 8political morals0 at ?is "t1 t =eign travel]s comm5t$ ^u x1 & ,h>riet ,m>t9eau /igmatiz$ x z 8an enorm\s defici5cy 9 a republic10 :]e p>ticipation 9 gov]nm5t 0 a bir?right ( all4#ai ,by #ahfj1 only six /ates _h pass$ laws requir+ ! tea*+ ( ! social /udies4 ,to ! ea/ lay ,massa*usetts1 ,v]mont1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 & ,rhode ,isl&2 to ! s\?1 ,virg9ia2 & to ! f> we/1 ,cali=nia4 ,to ! fir/ requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory _h be5 add$ provisions necessitat+ ! pres5tation ( g5]al hi/ory1 political economy & civil gov]nm5t1 & ,virg9ia _h prescrib$ a /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ! /ate4#bj ,x 0 n until aft] ! ,civil ,w> t hi/ory acquir$ a real place 9 ! public s*ool curriculum4 ,,! ,,c]tification ,,( ,,tea*]s ,! int]e/ awak5$ 9 public education l$ also to ! passage ( laws = ! c]tification ( tea*]s4 ,(t5 legislation ( ?is type indirectly describes ! "* ( ! curriculum1 =1 9 g5]al1 ! tea*] 0 exam9$ 9 ^? subjects :i* he 0 expect$ to tea*4 ,at an e>ly "t1 ! *ief qualifications = tea*]s seem$ to be 8good morals0 & 8compet5cy10 b ) ! expansion ( ! curriculum1 !re 7 add$1 9 _m cases1 specifically nam$ subjects4#ba ,?us a ,connecticut law ( #ahda provid$ t 8! bo>d ( visitors ( ! s*ools 444 %all 444 exam9e all c&idates = tea*]s 444 & %all give to ^! p]sons ) ^: moral "*1 lit]>y atta9m5ts1 & ability to tea*1 !y are satisfi$1 a c]tificate1 sett+ =? ! bran*es he or %e is f\nd capable ( tea*+2 provid$ t no c]tificate %all be giv5 to any p]son n f\nd qualifi$ to tea* read+1 writ+1 ari?metic1 & gramm>1 ?or\ghly1 & ! rudim5ts ( geography & hi/ory40#bb ,9 #aheg 9 ! ,revisions ( _! laws1 ,ma9e & ,rhode ,isl& specifi$ a k ( hi/ory z a necess>y qualification = a tea*]4#bc ,ill9ois1 9 h] ,revis$ ,/atutes ( #ahde1 includ$ a law :i* made x ! duty ( ! s*ool commission] to exam9e 8any p]sons propos+ to tea* a common s*ool1 9 any t[n%ip 9 8 c\nty10 on ! c&idate's ability to tea* ! usual bran*es1 includ+ 8! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40#bd ,9 #ahdf1 dur+ ! p]iod ( h] e>lie/ legislation1 ,i[a prescrib$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a requirem5t = a tea*]'s lic5se4 ,?is /ate is an example ( ^? /ates :i* h pass$ little legislation def9+ ! cont5t ( ! curriculum1 b h secur$ ! same end by specify+ subjects = ! exam9ation ( _! tea*]s4 ,! law appe>$ aga9 9 ! ,code ( #ahea1 b hi/ory 0 dropp$ f ! requir$ li/ ( subjects 9 #aheh4be ,legislation 9 ,nebraska took mu* ! same c\rse z _h t 9 ,i[a4 ,9 #ahee1 ! t]ritorial laws plac$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory among ! subjects requir$ 9 a tea*]'s exam9ation1 b ! laws ( #ahef ignor$ x z a prescrib$ subject4#bf ,,footnotes3 #a ,%urtleff1 ,n4 ,b41 ed41 ,records ( ! ,gov]nor & ,company ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bay 9 ,new ,engl&1 #e v4 7,bo/on1 #ahec71 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #f4 #b ,ibid41 p4 #bjc4 ,connecticut 9 #afej express$ a simil> purpose = ! e/abli%m5t ( h] s*ools4 ,! ,code ( ,connecticut1 #afej1 p4 #ij4 #c ,laws ( ! ,colony ( ,new ,york1 #agbj-agcg1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #hac4 #d 8,wisdom & k1 z well z virtue1 diffus$ g5]ally among ! body ( ! p be+ necess>y = ! pres]vation ( _! rights & lib]ties2 & z ^! dep5d on spread+ ! opportunities & advantages ( education 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & among ! diff]5t ord]s ( ! p1 x %all be ! duty ( legislatures & magi/rates1 9 all future p]iods ( ?is commonweal?1 to *]i% ! int]e/s ( lit]ature & ! sci5ces1 & all sem9>ies ( !m2 444 especially public s*ools & gramm> s*ools 9 t[ns2 4440 ,?orpe1 ,francis ,newton1 editor1 ,! ,f$]al & ,/ate ,con/itutions1 ,colonial ,*>t]s1 & o!r ,organic ,laws ( ! ,/ates1 ,t]ritories1 ,n[ or ,h]et(ore ,=m+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 #g v4 7,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 #aiji71 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aijg4 ,simil> /atem5ts 7 plac$ 9 ! con/itutions ( neighbor+ ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont & ,ma9e4 ,indiana1 ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 ,miss\ri1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,t5nessee1 ,kansas & ,nor? ,dakota h likewise p9n$ _! fai? to 8k & le>n+0 z an ag5t = democratiz+ ! gov]nm5t z well z = ! enc\ragem5t ( 8! pr9ciples ( humanity1 indu/ry1 & morality40 ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #bdhg2 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ajfi1 #ajhf2 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bhc1 #cbb1 #cec2 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #bjhj2 p4 #bbab2 ,vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #cbcc2 p4 #ccgc2 p4 #cdfi2 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #abcb2 ,vol4 ,v1 p4 #bhgb4 ,9 con/itutions adopt$ at a mu* lat] "t ! same purposes ( education are (t5 express$4 ,9 #aghi a ,massa*usetts law *>g$ 8in/ructors ( y\?0 t !y %\ld 8take dilig5t c>e1 & to ex]t _! be/ endeavors to impress on ! m9ds ( *ildr5 & y\? committ$ to _! c>e & in/ruction1 ! pr9ciples ( piety1 ju/ice1 & a sacr$ reg>d to tru?1 love to _! c\ntry1 humanity1 & univ]sal b5evol5ce1 sobriety1 indu/ry1 & frugality1 *a/ity1 mod]ation & temp]ance1 & ^? o!r virtues :i* are ! ornam5t ( human society1 & ! basis ^u :i* ! ,republican ,con/itution is /ructur$4 ,& x %all be ! duty ( su* in/ructors to endeavor to lead ^? "u _! c>e 7z _! ages & capacities w admit7 into a p>ticul> und]/&+ ( ! t5d5cy ( ! above m5tion$ virtues1 to pres]ve & p]fect a ,republican ,con/itution1 & to secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty1 z well z to promote _! future happ9ess2 & ! t5d5cy ( ! opposite vices to slav]y & ru940 ,/atutes ( ,massa*usetts1 #aghj-ahjg1 sec4 #d1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #dgj-dga4 ,on ! /atute books 9 #ahbc4 ,also ,/atutes1 #ahbf1 *4 #adc1 p4 #ahj2 also ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahfj1 *4 #ch1 sec4 #aj1 p4 #baf2 also ,public ,/atutes1 #ahhb1 *4 #dd1 sec4 #af4 ,?is law became ! s\rce ( _m simil> 9 "*4 #e ,9 #aghd1 ,jeff]son took occasion to decl>e1 8,9 e gov]nm5t on e>? is "s trace ( human weakness1 "s g]m ( corruption & deg5]acy1 :i* cunn+ w discov]1 & wick$ness ins5sibly op51 cultivate & improve4 ,e gov]nm5t deg5]ates :5 tru/$ to ! rul]s ( ! p alone4 ,! p !mselves are its only safe depositories2 & to r5d] ev5 !m safe1 _! m9ds mu/ be improv$ to a c]ta9 degree40 ,jeff]son1 ,?omas1 ,! ,writ+s ( ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,paul ,leice/] ,=d1 ed4 7,new ,york1 #ahid71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bed4 #f ,see footnote #d = ! ,massa*usetts law ( #aghi4 ,/atutes ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ahcj1 title ,,xcii1 *4 #a1 sec4 #h1 p4 #dca2 also ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #ahec1 sec4 #bj1 p4 #agi4 ,/atutes ( ,ma9e1 #ahba1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 sec4 #b1 p4 #ejd1 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahdj1 *4 #ag1 p4 #agj4 ,supplem5t to ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahhe-ahie1 *4 #aa1 sec4 #ia2 ,acts & ,resolves1 #aiag1 *4 #bbh1 p4 #bfc4 ,revis$ ,code ( ,mississippi1 #ahbd1 *4 #hb1 sec4 #ad1 p4 #djg2 ,ibid41 #ahdj1 *4 #i1 sec4 #ab1 p4 #abd4 ,/atutes ( ,indiana1 #ahjf1 p4 #ag4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ill9ois1 #ahcc1 p4 #eef4 #g ,an illum9at+ discussion ( 8,jacksonian ,democracy0 is f\nd 9 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,s*les+]'s ,new ,viewpo9ts 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,new ,york1 #aibb74 #h ,mann1 ,horace1 ,annual ,reports on ,education 7,bo/on1 #ahfh71 pp4 #ebc-eeh4 #i ,laws ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahbg1 *4 #adh1 p4 #ahj2 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahcf1 *4 #bc1 p4 #bah4 ,9 ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 8g5]al hi/ory10 n 8hi/ory10 is requir$4 #aj ,laws ( ,v]mont 444 to #ahcd1 *4 #ej 7#ahbg71 sec4 #a1 p4 #acf2 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahdj1 *4 ,,xviii1 sec4 #a1 p4 #aaa2 also ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #ahea1 p4 #add4 #aa ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ahde1 *4 #bbj1 sec4 #f2 also ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #ahec1 *4 #gi1 sec4 #f1 p4 #ahc4 ,?is law 0 reta9$ 9 #ahfc4 #ab ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aheg1 *4 #fg1 sec4 #c1 p4 #agc4 #ac ,acts & ,resolves ( ,massa*usetts1 #aheg1 *4 #bjf1 sec4 #a1 p4 #edb4 #ad ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahfj1 *4 #ch1 sec4 #a1 p4 #bae2 ,public ,/atutes1 #ahhb1 *4 #dd1 sec4 #a1 p4 #bii4 ,accord+ to a table 9 #8,a4 ,j4 ,+lis' ,! ,rise ( ! ,high ,s*ool 9 ,massa*usetts 7,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york1 #aiaa71 p4 #ij1 hi/ory 0 (f]$ 9 six out ( sev5 t[ns 9 #ahfj1 ) a p] c5t ( #bjj ) algebra z a base ( #ajj p] c5t4 ,?is w\ld indicate an int]e/ 9 hi/ory to a consid]able ext5t4 #ae ,political economy z a t]m includ$ political sci5ce z we und]/& x today4 ,cf4 ,+lis1 op4 cit41 p4 #ada4 #af ,laws ( ,virg9ia1 #ahdh-di1 *4 #aaj4 ,an act e/abli%+ free s*ools 9 ! c\nty ( ,albem>le1 p4 #fj4 #ag ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #ahea1 *4 #abf1 art4 ,,vii1 sec4 #b1 p4 #dii4 #ah ,connecticut1 z e>ly z #agif1 _h emphasiz$ ! necessity ( inculcat+ a k ( ! /ate law1 prescrib+ t 8all p>5ts & ma/]s ( *ildr51 %all by !mselves or o!rs tea* & in/ruct 4441 all su* *ildr5 z are "u _! c>e & gov]nm5t1 accord+ to _! ability1 & to read ! ,engli% tongue well1 & to "k ! laws aga9/ capital (f5ses44440 ,/atutes ( ,connecticut1 #agif1 p4 #fj4 ,! law fur!r /at$ t 9 case x 0 impossible to comply ) ! /atem5t quot$ above ! *ildr5 %\ld at lea/ be in/ruct$ to answ] c]ta9 p>ts ( ! cate*ism4 ,to en=ce ! law1 a f9e ( #c4cd to be us$ = ! poor ( ! t[n 0 impos$ ^u all p>5ts :o fail$ 9 compliance4 ,also cf4 law ( ,massa*usetts ( #afdb1 page #c4 ,massa*usetts also 9 #aghi _h emphasiz$ ! necessity ( tra9+ ! y\? ( ! commonweal? 8to pres]ve & p]fect a ,republican ,con/itution & to secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty z well z to promote _! future happ9ess40 ,laws ( ,massa*usetts1 #aghj-ahjg1 sec4 #d1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #dgj-dga4 ,aga9 9 #ahbf1 *4 #adc1 p4 #ahj4 #ai ,m>t9eau1 ,h>riet1 ,society 9 ,am]ica 7,london1 #ahcg71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #afe4 #bj ,! ye> 9 :i* ! ,virg9ia law 0 pass$1 #ahdi1 0 a "t ( sectional discord4 ,sectional int]e/ may h ent]$ into ! passage ( ! law4 #ba ,9 ! discussion ( ! qualifications ( tea*]s1 9 ea* p]iod !re is a neglect ( all laws 9 :i* hi/ory or "s o!r social /udy is n specifically nam$4 ,regulations (t5 are q def9ite reg>d+ ! qualifications ( tea*]s 9 rural & elem5t>y s*ools1 ) no /atem5t or ) no def9itely nam$ qualifications = high s*ool tea*]s4 ,9 "s /ates ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction or "s o!r (ficial prescribes ! subjects 9 :i* ! exam9ation is held4 ,! t5d5cy ( rec5t legislation has be5 to accept graduation f reputable colleges or univ]sities giv+ tra9+ 9 me?ods ( tea*+1 9 lieu ( exam9ation4 #bb ,acts ( ,connecticut1 #ahda1 p4 #dg2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahdi1 sec4 #bb1 p4 #cjj2 ,/atutes1 #ahed1 p4 #dad2 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahff1 p4 #acb2 ibid41 #ahge1 *4 #d1 sec4 #a2 ibid41 #ahhh1 sec4 #bace1 p4 #dff2 ibid41 #aijb1 p>4 #bbde1 p4 #ehd2 ibid41 #aiah1 *4 #ef1 p>4 #ajjg1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cdi4 ,additions & slight *anges h be5 made 9 ! regulations = ! social /udies4 ,) modifications ! law has be5 on ! /atute books f #ahda to ! pres5t4 #bc ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ma9e1 #aheg1 sec4 #di2 ibid41 #ahga1 *4 #aa1 sec4 #ed2 ,acts & ,resolves1 #ahgc1 *4 #abj1 p4 #gf2 ibid41 #ahia1 *4 #cb1 p4 #bj2 ibid41 #ahie1 *4 #aee1 p4 #agc4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aheg1 *4 #fg1 sec4 #c1 p4 #agc4 #bd ,9 #ahde ! law 0 slightly modifi$ to di/+ui% betwe5 grades ( c]tificates1 b 9 all cases ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 pr]equisite to c]tification1 & 9 #aije1 ,ill9ois hi/ory 0 add$ to ! qualifications necess>y = a lic5se4 ,9 #aiac1 9 ! requirem5ts = a /ate c]tificate %e includ$ sociology among ! subjects = exam9ation1 & = ! fir/1 second & ?ird grade c]tificates1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 civics & ! hi/ory ( ,ill9ois4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ill9ois1 #ahde1 *4 ,,xcviii1 sec4 #ab1 p4 #dih4 ,! law is sub/antially ! same1 ,/atutes1 #ahef1 *4 #aih1 sec4 ,,xlvi1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ajih2 ibid41 #aheh1 sec4 #ej1 p4 #ddi4 ,laws1 #ahfe1 sec4 #ai1 p4 #aai2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahgd1 *4 #abb1 #ea1 p4 #ifc2 ,annotat$ ,/atutes1 #ahhe1 *4 #abb1 sec4 #ea1 p4 #bbbi2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aijc1 *4 #abb1 #ahg1 p>4 #c1 p4 #afhc2 ibid41 #aijf1 #ahg1 p>4 #c1 p4 #ahbj4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ^! subjects 7 to be taught 9 ! s*ools4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ill9ois1 #aiac1 *4 #abb1 #eda1 p>4 #b1 p4 #bbgj2 ,laws1 #aiac1 p4 #ehh 7,s5ate ,bill ,no4 #cee1 approv$ ,june #bh1 #aiac72 ! same = ! social /udies 9 ! laws ( #aijc & #aije1 also 9 #aiag & 9 #aiai4 ,see ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiag1 *4 #abb1 p4 #bbaf2 & ,laws1 #aiai1 *4 #abb1 p4 #ijj4 #be ,acts ( ,i[a1 #ahdf1 sec4 #gb1 p4 #aje2 ,code ( ,i[a1 #ahea1 sec4 #aadh1 p4 #aha2 ,acts1 #aheh1 p4 #gb2 ,code1 #ahgc1 sec4 #agff1 p4 #cbe2 ,acts1 #ahgh1 *4 #adc1 p4 #acj4 ,9 #ahhb1 regulatory provision requir+ = a /ate c]tificate a k ( civil gov]nm5t1 ! con/itution & laws ( ,i[a1 besides hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 pass$ ! legislature1 & economics & civics 7 add$ to ! subjects requir$ = c]tification 9 #ahif2 ,acts1 #ahhb1 *4 #afg1 sec4 #d1 p4 #aec4 ,acts1 #ahif1 *4 #ci 7,h4 ,f4 #ace71 p4 #dd4 ,supplem5t to ,code1 #aijb1 sec4 #bgcf1 p4 #cae1 = fir/ grade c]tificate1 civics1 elem5t>y economics besides ! requirem5ts ( second grade1 :i* includ$ hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 also ,acts1 #aijf1 *4 #abb1 sec4 #d1 p4 #hh4 #bf ,laws ( ,nebraska1 #ahee1 p>4 #fa1 p4 #bbj2 ibid41 #aheh1 p4 #bib2 ibid41 #ahgb1 p4 #ee2 ibid41 #ahha1 sec4 #e1 pp4 #cei1 #cff2 ibid41 #ahhe1 sec4 #e1 p4 #cbg4 ,! same subjects z 9 #ahha 9 ,laws1 #aija1 *4 #ff1 p4 #ddh2 ibid41 #aijc1 *4 #ace1 p4 #eei4 ,also ,consolidat$ ,/atutes1 #ahia1 *4 #dd1 #cfbd1 p4 #gib2 ibid41 #aijc1 #eedb1 sec4 #e4 ,9 #ahia1 !re is a di/9ction made 9 ! grades ( c]tificates1 requir+ civil gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 9 all b ! l[e/ grade1 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiac1 *4 #ga1 art4 ,,xiii1 #fheg1 sec4 #aeh1 p4 #aiac1 #fhei1 sec4 #afj1 p4 #aiad4 ,9 #ahha ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civics 7 add$ to ! prescrib$ subjects = a second grade c]tificate1 & = a pr(essional /ate c]tificate g5]al hi/ory1 political economy1 civil gov]nm5t & ,am]ican hi/ory 7 requir$4 ,9 ! =ty ye>s int]v5+ betwe5 #ahha & #aiba1 !re is no *ange 9 ! pr]equisites = c\nty c]tificates1 /ate c]tificates1 & ! additional c]tificates ( m rec5t orig9--city c]tificates--s f> z ! social /udies are conc]n$1 ) ! exception ( ! dropp+ ( political economy f ! requir$ li/ by #aiai4 ,laws ( ,nebraska1 #aiai1 #aiba1 *4 #gj1 sec4 #b1 p4 #bfb4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,nationalism ,,& ,,localism ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,legislation1 #ahfj-aijj ,,! ,,curriculum ,! ,civil ,w> m>k$ a turn+ po9t 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,=ces undream$ ( be=e #ahfj conspir$ to *ange ! :ole t5or ( ,am]ican life4 ,f isolat$ rural communities ( simple ta/es & unexploit$ res\rces1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates em]g$ into a gr[+ urbanization ( multif>i\s activities4 ,prior to #ahfj !re _h be5 little *ange f ! days ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 :5 n9e-t5?s ( ! p _h be5 engag$ 9 agriculture2 by #ahij1 h[ev]1 ! population _h s %ift$ t m ?an "o-?ird dwelt 9 t[ns ( ov] two ?\s& inhabitants4 ,^! va/ & f>-rea*+ *anges 7 br\ght ab\t by an expansion p>ticul>ly 9 ! fields ( transportation1 agriculture1 & manufactur+4 ,/eam1 electricity1 progress 9 inv5tion1 ! gr[? ( an immigrant population1 & ! op5+ ( new l&s to settlem5t1 all s]v$ z contribut+ factors4 ,x 0 a p]iod *>act]iz$ by a /rong national s5tim5t4 ,! !ory ( /ate rights _h be5 settl$ =ev] by ! victory ( ! ,union 9 #ahfe1 & a realization ( ! great opportunities ( ,am]ica bore ! fruit ( patriotic f]vor4 ,nationalism express$ itself 9 ! nationalization ( indu/ry1 9 ! organization ( national labor units1 9 ! nationalization ( ! f9ancial res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 & 9 a deep5$ int]e/ 9 ! public s*ool sy/em4 ,x l$ inevitably to a new appreciation ( ! di/9ctive contributions ( local communities to ! new national _s1 & 01 9 a s5se1 responsible = a /rong reaction t[>d deep-seat$ local int]e/s 9 ! 'n9eties4 ,^! va/ *anges necessitat$ new aims & purposes 9 education4 ,! prec$+ p]iod _h witness$ ! educational sy/em trans=m$ f an in/rum5t ( ! *ur* into "o ( ! /ate4 ,by #ahfj ! !ory ( tax-support$ s*ools _h become e/abli%$1 & mo/ /ates provid$ at lea/ elem5t>y in/ruction4 ,by #ahhj1 legal & legislative objections to ! e/abli%m5t ( high s*ools _h succumb$ to ! conviction t education 0 ess5tial 9 ! new social & indu/rial ord]4 ,!re came to be an abid+ fai? 9 ! p[] ( education to reg5]ate society4 ,! 8k aim0 ( ! prec$+ decades 0 foll[$ by ! desire = a citiz5%ip tra9$ to active p>ticipation 9 ! society ( :i* x 0 ! w>p & wo(4 ,z a result1 ^? subjects 9 ! curriculum t5d+ to promote patriotism & good citiz5%ip receiv$ ! sanction ( ! educator4 ,al?\gh hi/ory _h be5 f\nd to "s ext5t 9 ! s*ool curriculum be=e ! ,civil ,w>1 !re _h be5 no g5]al acceptance ( x z a requir$ /udy4#bg ,n[ 9 ! =m ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory x 0 receiv$ ) widespread approval4 ,a gradual ext5sion ( ! requirem5ts grew out ( ! _s ( ! times1 & to ,am]ican hi/ory 0 add$ ! /udy ( ! con/itution ( ! nation & ( ! /ate1 z well z ! /udy ( /ate hi/ory4 ,tw5ty-?ree /ates1 dur+ ! f\r decades foll[+ #ahfj1 plac$ ^u _! /atute books laws requir+ ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! public s*ools4 ,ov] "o-f\r? ( ^! commonweal?s lay bel[ ! ,mason & ,dixon l9e1 ! /ates ( ! ,middle & ,f> ,we/ becom+ ! mo/ active aft] #ahhj4 ,9 #ahfb1 ,v]mont1 9 a law deal+ ) 8! in/ruction ( ! "y10 prescrib$ hi/ory & ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & special in/ruction 9 8! geography1 & hi/ory1 con/itution & pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t ( ! /ate ( ,v]mont0 z a "p ( ! s*ool curriculum4#bh ,a lat] law ext5d$ ! social /udies curriculum1 = t[ns ( tw5ty-five hundr$ inhabitants1 to embrace political economy1 g5]al hi/ory1 & civil gov]nm5t 9 ! high s*ool c\rse4#bi ,! ne>by /ate ( ,connecticut includ$ 9 h] law1 reg>d+ ! bran*es to be taught 9 h] s*ools1 ! subject ( 8hi/ory10 lat] specify+ 8,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory40#cj ,dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! p]iod ,s\!rn legislatures 7 p>ticul>ly active1 bo? 9 ! bord] /ates & 9 ! ,conf$]acy4 ,9 ea* case ! legislation 0 responsive to ! nationali/ic t5d5cies ( ! "t2 &1 9 ! /ates ( ! ,conf$]acy1 ! /udy ( national hi/ory & ( ! f$]al con/itution 7 = ! fir/ "t requir$ by law4#ca ,su* /atutes1 sometimes enact$ be=e ! re/oration ( home rule & "u ! influ5ce ( ,recon/ruction ag5cies1 s\ght1 ?r\gh ! public s*ools1 to ov]come ! int5sifi$ sectionalism ( ! po/-w> ,s\?4 ,laws mak+ x a duty ( ! tea*] to inculcate a prop] attitude t[>d 8! laws & gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry0 _h mu* ! same purpose z ^? requir+ specifically ! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & gov]nm5t4 ,?us a law ( ! fir/ legislative assembly ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 pass$ ,decemb] #aj1 #ahfc1 made x ! duty ( all public s*ool tea*]s 8to inculcate ! duties ( piety1 morality & respect = ! laws & gov]nm5t ( _! c\ntry40 ,all tea*]s & bo>ds ( education 7 expressly 8*>g$ ) ! duty ( provid+ t moral tra9+ = ! y\? ( ?is /ate :i* %all contribute to secur+ good behavior & virtu\s conduct1 & to furni%+ ! /ate ) exempl>y citiz5s40 ,9 #ahgd1 a /atute design$ = ! prim>y s*ools ( ! /ate prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( ! common s*ool subjects includ+ geography & hi/ory4#cb ,simil> enactm5ts 7 pass$ by ,miss\ri & ,m>yl& 9 #ahfe4 ,9 ,miss\ri1 x 0 provid$ t 8all tea*]s1 :5 employ$ %all be requir$ to in/ruct _! pupils 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri1 & ! duties ( loyal citiz5s !reto40#cc ,m>yl&1 9 #ahfe1 made x a duty ( h] tea*]s to tra9 _! pupils 9 piety & ju/ice1 loyalty & sacr$ reg>d = tru?1 & 9 love ( c\ntry2 & to lead !m into a cle> und]/&+ ( ! virtues :i* 7 ! basis ^u :i* 0 f\nd$ a republican con/itution2 8to pres]ve ! bless+s ( lib]ty1 promote temporal happ9ess & advance ! greatness ( ! ,am]ican ,nation40#cd ,! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 likewise requir$1 foll[$ 9 #ahfh by ! subject ( gov]nm5t1 bo? f$]al & /ate4 ,x 0 n until a few ye>s lat] t /ate hi/ory 0 add$ to ! prescrib$ li/4#ce ,among ! fir/ ( ! /ates ( ! ,conf$]acy to enact laws requir+ ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 7 ,arkansas1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,mississippi4#cf ,pass$ dur+ ! p]iod ( c>pet-bag control1 _! /atutes %[ pla9ly ! effects ( recon/ruction influ5ces4 ,! ,arkansas law ( #ahfh & ,s\? ,c>ol9a's law ( #ahgj prescrib$ n only ! /udy ( national hi/ory b also requir$ a k ( ! pr9ciples ( ! f$]al & /ate con/itutions4 ,9 #ahha1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a enact$ a /atute = ! tea*+ ( bo? national & /ate hi/ory1 & ,t5nessee1 9 #ahgc1 accord$ a place to ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory among ! subjects requir$ 9 h] s*ools4#cg ,x 0 n until lat] t ! ,alabama ,code records simil> action by ! legislature ( t /ate 9 prescrib+ in/ruction 9 8! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate ( ,alabama0 = 8all pupils 9 all s*ools & colleges support$1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 by public money1 or "u /ate control40#ch ,among ! bord] /ates1 ,k5tucky1 z well z ,we/ ,virg9ia1 call$ = ! tea*+ ( hi/ory1 to :i* 0 add$ ! /udy ( civil gov]nm5t aft] 8,july #a1 #ahhi40ci ,florida rev]t$ to a =m ( ! morality laws = ! promotion ( citiz5%ip ?r\gh ! public s*ools4 ,9 #ahha1 %e direct$ & au?oriz$ ea* tea*] 8to labor fai?fully & e>ne/ly = ! advancem5t ( pupils 9 _! /udies1 deportm5t & morals1 & to embrace e opportunity to inculcate by precept & example1 ! pr9ciples ( tru?1 hone/y1 patriotism1 & ! practice ( e ,*ri/ian virtue2 to require ! pupils to obs]ve p]sonal cleanl9ess1 neatness1 ord]1 promptness1 & g5tility ( mann]s1 to avoid vulg>ity & pr(anity1 & to cultivate 9 !m habits ( indu/ry & economy1 a reg>d = ! rights & feel+s ( o!rs1 & _! own responsibilities & duties z citiz5s40#dj ,9 #ahhi !re 0 add$ ano!r duty to ! li/ enum]at$ above3 t ( 8read+ at lea/ once a mon? ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights z set =? by ! con/itution ( ! /ate ( ,florida40#da ,! /ates ( ! ,middle ,we/ also desir$ to inculcate patriotism 9 ! y\? ( t section & to emphasize ! accompli%m5ts ( ,am]ica4 ,9 a s]ies ( laws1 beg9n+ 9 #ahfa1 ,m9nesota prescrib$ ! /udy ( ! 8hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40#db ,9 #ahgh1 %e s\ght to c>ry out ! desire = an exempl>y citiz5ry 9 8,an ,act to introduce ,moral & ,social ,sci5ce 9 ! ,public ,s*ools ( ! ,/ate10 9 :i* 0 re*o$ ! s5tim5t ( ! morality laws ( a =m] "t4#dc ,by #ahgf1 ,wiscons9 _h alli$ h]self ) ^? endors+ ! /udy ( gov]nm5t1 by prescrib+ t 8! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ?is /ate %all be taught 9 e di/rict s*ool40#dd ,by lat] laws ! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 0 requir$4#de ,among ! subjects prescrib$ 9 ,indiana & ,miss\ri 0 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ! latt] /ate direct+ t elem5t>y s*ool pupils be=e ent]+ ! high s*ool mu/ h complet$ ! subject4#df ,s\? ,dakota1 9 #ahie1 made ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory a requirem5t ( h] common s*ool curriculum1#dg & ,nor? ,dakota by a s]ies ( laws sanction$ bo? ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t4#dh ,be=e /atehood _h be5 a*iev$1 ! t]ritory ( ,dakota _h prescrib$1 9 #ahhc1 t 8! highe/ /&>d ( morals %all be taught1 & indu/ry1 tru?fulness1 integrity1 & self-respect inculcat$1 ob$i5ce to law enjo9$1 & ! aims ( an upright & useful life cultivat$40#di ,! same purpose 0 evid5t 9 ,nor? ,dakota's law ( #ahij & t ( ,s\? ,dakota ( #ahic1 :i* provid$ = 8moral in/ruction t5d+ to impress ^u ! m9ds ( pupils ! importance ( tru?fulness1 temp]ance1 purity1 public _s1 patriotism1 & respect = hone/ labor1 ob$i5ce to p>5ts & due def]5ce = old age1 %all be giv5 by ea* tea*] 9 ! public s*ools40#ej ,! /ates ( ! ,f> ,we/ 7 likewise active4 ,!y foll[$ 9 ! wake ( ! old] /ates by prescrib+1 9 mo/ cases1 ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 & 9 "s in/ances ! /udy ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 addition1 !y rev]t$ to ! type ( law f\nd at an e>ly "t 9 ! ,ea/]n /ates1 :i* requir$ a tea*] to in/ruct 9 ! pr9ciples ( a free gov]nm5t 8to tra9 !m ! pupils up to a true compreh5sion ( ! rights1 duties1 & dignity ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip40 ,bo? types ( law are f\nd 9 ! legislation ( ,wa%+ton1#ea ,montana1#eb ,cali=nia1#ec & ,arizona4#ed ,nevada & ,new ,mexico alli$ !mselves ) ! movem5t to tea* ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 9 ! public s*ools4#ee ,utah also prescrib$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory z a "p ( ! s*ool curriculum & includ$ 9 ano!r law an admonition = in/ruction 9 patriotism4#ef ,?is /atute is a good example ( ! evolution>y /age ?r\gh :i* mo/ /ates pass$ 9 ! mak+ ( laws1 & %[s ! t5d5cy ( ! new] /ates to rev]t to ! old type ( laws 9 ! e>ly p]iod ( /atehood4 ,9 ,idaho no cont5t subject 0 prescrib$ by law1 b ! tea*] 0 held responsible = inculcat+ ! 8pr9ciples ( morality1 tru?1 ju/ice1 & patriotism40#eg ,! place ( hi/ory 9 ! s*ool curriculum 0 ?us ?or\ghly e/abli%$ by law at ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 requir$ 9 m /atutes ?an any o!r field ( hi/ory1 al?\gh1 9 "s in/ances1 political economy & g5]al hi/ory f\nd a place 9 ! high s*ool program4 ,frequ5tly add$ to ! requirem5t ( national hi/ory1 0 ! /udy ( civil gov]nm5t1 bo? f$]al & /ate1 & occasionally local or /ate hi/ory4 ,dur+ ! p]iod "o-?ird ( ! legislatures enact+ social /udy laws prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( ! f$]al con/itution4 ,a k ( ! /ate con/itution 0 requir$ 9 ,m>yl&1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,alabama1 ,miss\ri1 & ,arkansas2 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,m>yl&1 besides ,v]mont1 prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( /ate hi/ory4 ,! emphasis plac$ ^u a k ( /ate in/itutions 0 b ! reaction f ! int5se nationalism ( ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,x 0 especially evid5t t[>d ! close ( ! c5tury & dur+ ! e>ly ye>s foll[+ #aijj4 ,inde$1 f #ahhj to #aijj local pride ev9c$ a quick5$ consci\sness 9 ! organization ( su* gr\ps z ! ,sons ( ,vet]ans 9 #ahha1 ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans & ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 #ahhi1 ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 #ahij1 & ! ,sons ( ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 9 #ahif4 ,9 lit]ature1 writ]s l ,cable1 ,eggle/on1 ,h>te & ,/ockton glorifi$ ! *>act]i/ics peculi> to _! localities2 & laws relat+ to ! public s*ool curriculum reflect$ precisely ! same temp]4#eh ,educational & le>n$ societies likewise bore te/imony to ! int]e/ 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory4 ,9 #ahgf1 a committee ( ! ,national ,education ,association recomm5d$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory = ! elem5t>y s*ool & a /udy ( 8univ]sal hi/ory & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = high s*ools40#ei ,9 #ahib1 ! ,committee ( ,t5 0 creat$ by ! same organization to consid] 8programs ( ! second>y s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 444 ! requirem5ts = admission to college40#fj ,eight ye>s ( hi/ory 7 ask$ by ?is committee1 f\r = ! high s*ool & f\r = ! elem5t>y4#fa ,9 #ahif1 ! ,committee ( ,sev5 ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association 0 appo9t$1 & 9 #ahii recomm5d$ a f\r ye>s' c\rse 9 hi/ory4#fb ,dur+ ?is "t colleges also ext5d$ _! entrance cr$its to include m hi/ory1 :i*1 ) ! committee reports1 aid$ mu* 9 increas+ ! (f]+s 9 ! public s*ool curriculum4 ,^! activities are an indication ( ! place t hi/ory 0 com+ to hold 9 ! education ( ! "y4 ,!y are add$ pro( ( ! att5tion :i* ! public 0 giv+ to ! social /udies 9 a p]iod 9 :i* tw5ty-five /ates pass$ laws to include !m 9 a requir$ c\rse ( /udy4#fc ,,c]tification ,,( ,,tea*]s ,dur+ ! decade ( ! 'sixties laws reg>d+ ! c]tification ( tea*]s 7 pass$ by ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m9nesota1 ,m>yl&1 ,wiscons91 ,indiana1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 & ,cali=nia4 8,hi/ory0 0 a requirem5t ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,m9nesota & ,m>yl&1#fd & 8,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory0 receiv$ m5tion 9 ! laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,wiscons91 ,indiana1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 & ,cali=nia4#fe ,to ! requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ,cali=nia add$ t ( ! 8,con/itution & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 :i* 0 fur!r amplifi$ by a requirem5t = ! tea*+ ( ! con/itution ( ,cali=nia1 9 an am5dm5t ( #ahgd4 ,f #ahgj to #ahhj !re 0 little dep>ture f ! subjects requir$ 9 ! prec$+ p]iod1 8hi/ory0 be+ consid]$ ess5tial 9 ,idaho by a law ( #ahgj1 by ,arkansas1 9 #ahgc & 9 #ahge1 & by ,we/ ,virg9ia 9 #ahgd & 9 #ahgi = prim>y s*ool c]tificates4#ff ,9 ,texas1 ,wa%+ton1 ,kansas1 ,colorado1 & ,delaw>e1 ! law specifi$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 & 9 ,oregon1 mod]n hi/ory4#fg ,besides hi/ory be+ requir$ 9 ! /atute ( ,arkansas1 an applicant = a /ate c]tificate 0 requir$ to h a k ( ! con/itution ( ! /ate & nation1 an innovation 9 ! requir$ li/ ( subjects4#fh ,9 ,wiscons91 ! law p]ta9+ to ! c]tification ( tea*]s 0 revis$ 9 #ahgi = ! express purpose ( exam9+ p]sons 9 ! f$]al & /ate con/itutions1 & 0 c>ri$ ov] 9 ! /atutes ( ! next ?irty ye>s4#fi ,9 ! decade foll[+ #ahhj1 ,new ,york1 ,mi*igan1 ! ,dakotas1 ,alabama1 ,arizona1 ,ohio1 & ,montana jo9$ ! /ates :i* _h prescrib$ c]tification requirem5ts 9 ! previ\s decade4#gj ,^u ! /atute books ( ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,wiscons91 ,indiana1 ,cali=nia1 & ,wa%+ton 7 cont9u$ laws previ\sly enact$4#ga ,to h] requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ,colorado prescrib$ a k ( ! f$]al con/itution4#gb ,civil gov]nm5t1 z well z ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 0 requir$ = lic5s+ 9 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 ! ,dakotas1 ,alabama1 ,montana1 & ,arizona4 ,9 ,idaho1 by a law ( #ahhd1 t]ritorial c]tificates c\ld be secur$ only by ^? %[+ pr(ici5cy n only 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 b 9 g5]al hi/ory1 political economy1 & civil gov]nm5t z well4#gc ,oregon also ext5d$ h] requirem5ts beyond ^? commonly f\nd1 to include mod]n hi/ory4#gd ,f #ahij to #aijj only f\r /ates pass$ laws ( ?is "* = ! fir/ "t4 ,all o!r legislation ( ! p]iod 0 enact$ by /ates :i* _h previ\sly prescrib$ ! subjects pr]equisite = a tea*]'s lic5se4 ,9 ^? commonweal?s :]e !re _h be5 /atutes enact$1 ! li/ ( requir$ subjects 0 frequ5tly ext5d$ to include political economy4 ,florida1 ,oklahoma1 ,utah1 & ,wyom+1 9 prescrib+ t _! tea*]s mu/ %[ a satisfactory k ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 foll[$ ! usual practice1 al?\gh act+ = ! fir/ "t4 ,to ?is requirem5t 0 add$ also t ( a k ( civil gov]nm5t1 a common pr]equisite ^: popul>ity _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! 'eighties4#ge ,florida1 h[ev]1 = ! ?ird & second grade c]tificates did n require a k ( civil gov]nm5t1 res]v+ t only = ! fir/ grade & /ate lic5ses4 ,= ! latt]1 a k ( g5]al hi/ory 0 requir$ by ! law ( #ahic4gf ,wyom+ requir$ n only ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t1 b = a fir/ grade c]tificate add$ political economy4#gg ,f #ahij to #aijj ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,m9nesota1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,miss\ri1 ,kansas1 ,mississippi1 ,texas1 ,idaho1 ,wa%+ton1 ,utah1 ,cali=nia1 & ,wyom+ requir$ pr(ici5cy 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t = "s grade ( tea*]'s lic5se4#gh ,9 #ahia1 ,alabama add$ to ! requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory = a fir/ grade lic5se1 ! con/itution ( ! /ate ( ,alabama & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !reby con=m+ to ! popul> t5d5cy4#gi ,a k ( /ate hi/ory 0 requir$ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,mississippi1 ,s\? ,dakota & ,texas2 & ,p5nsylvania1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,m9nesota1 ,texas1 ,utah1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wyom+ requir$ g5]al hi/ory = ! high] grade ( c]tification4#hj ,political economy became a pr]equisite = a pr(essional /ate c]tificate 9 ,m9nesota by ! laws ( #ahic1 9 ,i[a 9 #ahif1 & 9 ,wyom+ 9 #ahii = a fir/ grade lic5se4#ha ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory only 0 requir$ 9 ,utah = c\nty c]tificates ( ! gramm> & prim>y grades1 9 ,kansas = ! second & ?ird grade c]tificates1 9 ,indiana = common s*ool lic5ses1 & 9 ,arkansas = c\nty c]tificates4#hb ,dur+ ! p]iod f #ahfj to #aijj ?irty-six /ates enact$ laws relat+ to ! c]tification ( tea*]s4 ,( ?is numb]1 only six /ates _h pass$ laws prior to #ahfj4hc ,9 all /ates a k ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 a pr]equisite = lic5s+ ?r\gh\t ! p]iod1 &1 9 mo/ cases1 civil gov]nm5t 0 requir$4#hd ,,tea*]s' ,,qualifications3 ,,oa?s ,,( ,,loyalty ,! fe> ( an apo/acy on ! "p ( ! tea*+ craft l$ legislatures 9 ?is p]iod to impose o!r ?an s*ola/ic requirem5ts ^u ^? :o w\ld tea* 9 ! public s*ools4 ,^! regulations1 indicat+ a di/ru/ ( ! loyalty ( tea*]s1 h requir$ oa?s ( allegiance f all :o w\ld qualify z tea*]s4 ,legislation ( ?is "* 0 orig9ally an outgr[? ( ! ,civil ,w>1 ! fir/ laws be+ pass$ 9 #ahfb4he ,& x is n /range t ! bord] /ate ,k5tucky 0 a pione] 9 /atutes ( ?is "*4 ,"h ! law 0 made to apply to all s*ool commission]s1 exam9]s ( tea*]s = ! common s*ools1 & s*ool tru/ees & tea*]s elect$ to tea* 9 ! common s*ools1 all presid5ts1 pr(essors & tea*]s 9 colleges1 & high s*ools incorporat$ by legislative enactm5t4 ,x pl$g$ loyalty to ! ,union & d5\nc$ ! t5ets ( ! ,conf$]acy4 8,i d solemnly swe> t ,i w support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ,con/itution ( ,k5tucky10 v[$ ! applicant1 8& be true & fai?ful to ! commonweal? z long z ,i rema9 a citiz5 !re(4 ,t ,i recognize ! b9d+ obligations ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! duty ( e citiz5 to submit !reto z ! supreme law ( ! l&4 ,t ,i w n give aid to ! rebellion aga9/ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor give aid to ! s-call$ provisional gov]nm5t ( ,k5tucky1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 s long z ,i rema9 a citiz5 ( or reside 9 ,k5tucky1 & t ?is oa? is tak5 by me )\t any m5tal res]vation--s help me ,god40 ,?is oa?1 giv5 9 writ+1 0 kept at ! c\nty c\rt (fice :]e ! s*ool 0 locat$1 & a violation ( ! oa? or false swe>+ ^u conviction1 l$ to ! imposition ( a p5alty4 ,evasion ( ! law1 too1 0 subject to puni%m5t ?r\gh a f9e ( n less ?an tw5ty-five doll>s nor m ?an two hundr$ doll>s4#hf ,9 #ahhi x 0 made incumb5t ^u ! c\nty sup]9t5d5t to adm9i/] su* oa?s4 ,simil> laws appe>$ on ! /atute books ( ,we/ ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri1 :]e1 l ,k5tucky1 ^! bord] /ates felt a press+ ne$ = a loyal citiz5ry4 ,on ,decemb] #aj1 #ahfc1 ! =m] commonweal? decl>$ t no applicant %\ld be admitt$ to an exam9ation = a tea*]'s lic5se unless ! c\nty sup]9t5d5t _h reasonable evid5ce t ! c&idate 0 n only 8( good moral "* & temp]ate habits10 b t he 0 8loyal to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,we/ ,virg9ia40#hg ,to buttress ?is law x 0 prescrib$ t all tea*]s %\ld take ! oa? ( loyalty requir$ ( all /ate (fic]s4 ,! latt] regulation 0 op]ative aft] ,novemb] #af1 #ahfc1 b no specific m5tion 0 made ( tea*]s subscrib+ to su* an oa? until #ahfg4 ,h[ev]1 x seems probable t !y1 z well z /ate (fic]s1 affirm$ _! loyalty at ! e>lie/ p]iod ( /atehood1 s9ce x is record$ t two tea*]s1 ,j4 ,b4 ,soloman & ,c4 ,t4 ,wilson1 9 #ahfi1 7 exempt$ f subscrib+ to ! oa? prescrib$ 9 ! act ( #ahfc4 ,a /atute1 moreov]1 directly prescrib$ = tea*]s 9 #ahfg ! tak+ ( ! foll[+ oa?3 8,i1 ,a4 ,a4 ,b41 d solemnly swe> t ,i w support ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! con/itution ( ! /ate ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 t ,i h nev] volunt>ily borne arms aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t ,i h volunt>ily giv5 no aid or com=t to p]sons engag$ 9 arm$ ho/ility !reto1 by c\nt5anc+1 c\nsel+ or enc\rag+ !m 9 ! same1 t ,i h n s\ght1 accept$1 nor attempt$ to ex]cise ! functions ( any (fice :atev] "u any au?ority 9 ho/ility to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 t ,i h n yield$ a volunt>y support to any pret5d$ gov]nm5t1 au?ority1 p[] or con/itution )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ho/ile or inimical !reto2 & t ,i take ?is obligation freely1 )\t any m5tal res]vations or purpose ( evasion40#hh ,! cessation ( arm$ ho/ilities betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? induc$ ,miss\ri to require an av[al ( loyalty on ! "p ( h] tea*]s4 ,on ,m>* #bi1 #ahff1 !re 0 approv$ a law by :i* 8all tea*]s be=e ent]+ ^u ! dis*>ge ( _! duties %\ld take & subscribe to ! oa? ( loyalty prescrib$ by ! con/itution40#hi ,reg>d+ ! lessons ( ! ,w>1 ,arkansas1 9 #ahff1 believ$ !re %\ld be no disagreem5t4 ,"h n only did ! applicant = a tea*]'s c]tificate swe> to support ! con/itution & laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,arkansas1 b he also promis$ t he w\ld enc\rage all o!rs to d likewise4 8444 ,i w nev] c\nt5ance or aid 9 ! secession ( ?is /ate f ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 ! affirmant decl>$1 & add$ 8 pl$ge 8to inculcate 9 ! m9ds ( y\? s5tim5ts ( patriotism & loyalty40#ij ,oregon also requir$ a pl$ge ( h] tea*]s by legislation 9 #ahfb4 ,be=e ! c\nty sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools1 disloyalty to ! /ate & nation mu/ be =sworn by ! applicant = a c]tificate1 :o promis$ 8)\t any m5tal res]vation or evasion :atev]10 t he w\ld 8be> true allegiance & fidelity to ! same aga9/ all enemies1 =eign or dome/ic40#ia ,diss5ti5t op9ions receiv$ scant c\rtesy 9 ,rhode ,isl& at ! "t ( ! ,civil ,w> al?\gh no law =bade !m4 ,h[ev]1 a w>n+ f ! /ate commission] ( education to ! g5]al assembly at ! ,janu>y session ( #ahfe und\bt$ly evok$ ! same response z ! enactm5t ( a law4 ,"h1 too1 !re 0 to be no tol]ance = a passive loyalty4 8,! w> tocs9 has s\nd$10 ! report decl>$1 8our c\ntry is convuls$ 9 mighty conflict1 our fri5ds are 9 ! conte/+ field1 _! blood has be5 made to r$d5 & f]tilize ! rebel soil4444 ,traitors & rebel sympa?iz]s are among u1 r5d]+ e available assi/ance & us+ e means )9 _! p[] to fur!r ! rebel cause & aid !m 9 ! accompli%m5t ( _! helli% design4 ,!re=e1 let u be on our gu>d1 le/ "s ( !m unaw>es be u%]$ into our s*ools z tea*]s4 ,= if ! tea*] be a traitor1 8 actions w correspond !re)1 & by example1 if n by precept1 he w be s[+ ! se$s ( rebellion 9 ! susceptible he>ts ( our *ildr54 ,%\ld ! pure m9ds ( our little ones be poison$ ) ! damnable pr9ciples ( rebellion1 or be l$ a/ray by ! p]nici\s examples ( rebel sympa?iz]s8 ,%all ! h& already /a9$ ) ! blood ( ! murd]$ fa!r1 be employ$ to guide 8 orphan *ild8--! h& t appli$ ! light$ tor*1 & made ! orphan a homeless w&]]1 %all t be ! h& to trace ! *>t by :i* 8 little b>k is to be guid$ to its de/9$ hav58 ,no1 mo/ assur$ly1 no4 ,bett] by f> rema9 z he is1 8 untutor$ m9d wrapp$ up 9 ignorance1 ?an to be ?us guid$ & pilot$ by ! vile traitor1 only to be f9ally da%$ aga9/ ! rocks & engulf$ 9 ! waves ( rebellion4 ,b let our tea*]s be noble1 loyal sons & daught]s ( ,am]ica--^? :o1 :ile in/ruct+ our little ones 9 ! sci5ces t p]ta9 to ! secul> conc]ns ( life1 w also tea* !m _! obligations to _! c\ntry1 & at ! same "t w po9t !m to t nev] fad+ /> by :i* _! frail b>ks may be safely guid$ ov] life's trea*]\s seas to ! port ( et]nal re/1 to ga9 t blood-wa%$ ?rong :o *ant ! praises ( ,god & ! ,lamb f ,m\nt ,zion's balmy top40#ib ,z a survival ( ! legislation reg>d+ tea*]s' qualifications1 :i* _h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! p]iod ( ,recon/ruction1 7 ! /atutes ( ,arizona ( #ahhc & #ahhe4 ,by ^! laws x 0 made a duty ( ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction & ! c\nty sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools to adm9i/] oa?s & affirmations ( loyalty to tea*]s4#ic ,,citiz5%ip ,,z ,a ,,qualification ,,= ,,tea*]s ,beg9n+ 9 #ahii came legislation elim9at+ f ! tea*+ pr(ession ^? :o 7 n ,am]ican citiz5s4 ,nor? ,dakota 0 ! pione] 9 ?is movem5t 9 a /atute prohibit+ ! issuance ( c]tificates or p]mits to tea* to p]sons n citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 unless !y _h resid$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 8= at lea/ "o ye> prior to ! "t ( su* applications or p]mit40#id ,! same ye> ,idaho adopt$ a simil> re/riction1 by =bidd+ ! grant+ ( c]tificates or ! employm5t ( any tea*] 9 ! public s*ools1 8n a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40#ie ,a decade lat] 7#aijg7 ,nevada attempt$ to promote patriotism by requir+ an oa? ( all public (ficials includ+ tea*]s 9 s*ools & univ]sity pr(essors4 ,9 ?is 0 affirm$ ! dom9ance ( ! national ov] ! /ate gov]nm5t & an abjuration ( duell+1 a relic ( fronti] conditions4 8,i1 ----1 d solemnly swe>10 decl>$ ! (ficial1 or tea*]1 8t ,i w support1 protect & def5d ! ,con/itution & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,con/itution & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,/ate ( ,nevada aga9/ all enemies1 :e!r dome/ic or =eign1 & t ,i w be> true fai?1 allegiance & loyalty to ! same1 any /ate conv5tion or legislature to ! contr>y not)/&+2 & fur!r t ,i d ?is1 ) a full det]m9ation1 pl$ge & purpose1 )\t any m5tal res]vation or evasion :atsoev]4 ,& ,i d fur!r solemnly swe> 7or affirm7 t ,i h n f\ght a duel1 nor s5t or accept$ a *all5ge to fight a duel1 nor be5 a second to ei!r p>ty1 nor 9 any mann] aid$ or assi/$ 9 su* a duel1 nor be5 kn[+ly ! be>] ( su* *all5ge or acceptance1 s9ce ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate ( ,nevada1 & t ,i w n be s engag$ or conc]n$ directly or indirectly 9 or ab\t any su* duel1 dur+ my cont9uance 9 (fice44440#if ,,textbook ,,legislation ,sub/antially all legislation reg>d+ hi/ory textbooks has develop$ s9ce ! ,civil ,w>1 only ?ree /ates pass+ /atutes ( ?is "* be=e #ahfj4ig ,?is =m ( regulation falls1 9 g5]al1 into laws 9 :i* c]ta9 textbooks are nam$ z suitable = use or are def9itely prescrib$1 laws 9 :i* ! subjects ( ! curriculum are enum]at$ by a /atem5t conc]n+ textbooks1 enactm5ts limit+ ! price ( books1 /atutes by :i* books ( a p>tisan or political bias are =bidd51 & laws prescrib+ ! "* ( ! cont5t = hi/ory textbooks1 ^: s\rce is a sectional or p>tisan animus4 ,9 #ahfb1 ! /ate ( ,v]mont pass$ ,an ,act direct+ ! ,bo>d ( ,education to select a ,textbook ( ! ,geography & ,hi/ory ( ,v]mont :i* 0 to be us$ 9 all di/rict s*ools ( ! /ate = a p]iod ( five ye>s4#ih ,t5 ye>s lat] ,hall's ,geography & ,hi/ory ( ,v]mont1 :i* 0 !n 9 use by sanction ( ! law1 0 cont9u$ z a textbook until #ahgh4ii ,9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ! report ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,education1 9 #ahfe1 nam$ ! hi/ories writt5 by ,b]>d & ,goodri* z ^? commonly us$ 9 ! public s*ools4#ajj ,by legislative enactm5t1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a 9 #ahgi1 designat$ ,moore's ,hi/ory ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a = use 9 h] public s*ools4#aja ,( ! textbooks prescrib$ 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,goodri*'s ,common ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 ,quack5bos' ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,holmes' ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 nam$ by laws 9 #ahfh & #ahgc4 ,lat] ! price ( ,my]s' ,g5]al ,hi/ory1 ,montgom]y's ,g5]al ,hi/ory & ,montgom]y's ,beg9n]'s ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7 regulat$ by law4#ajb ,9 ,virg9ia 8! two works ( ,john ,e/5 ,cooke1 entitl$ respectively #8,virg9ia3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,h] ,p1' & #8,/ories ( ! ,old ,dom9ion1'0 7 includ$ 9 ! li/ ( textbooks select$4#ajc ,9 ,indiana1 9 #ahhi1 ! /ate bo>d ( education 0 direct$ to *oose a hi/ory equal to ,?alheim]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1#ajd & two ye>s lat] x 0 enact$ t ! price ( ! textbook on ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld n exce$ #fe c5ts a volume4#aje ,m9nesota1 ,kansas1 & ,montana insi/$ t _! hi/ories be ! equal ( ,b>nes' ,s*ool ,hi/ories4#ajf ,9 ,kansas ! law also made x conditional t ! civil gov]nm5t textbook be equal to ,?ummel's ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! ,kansas add5dum1#ajg & t among ! textbooks select$ by ! /ate commission %\ld be includ$ books on g5]al hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ,kansas & ,engli% hi/ory4#ajh ,a ,montana law also limit$ ! price to be paid = books3 ,b>nes' ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 retail price #a4bj2 ,b>nes' ,prim>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 retail price #gj c5ts2 & ,lovell's ,civics = ,"y ,p 7also a prescrib$ textbook71 retail price #ej c5ts4#aji ,9 ,s\? ,dakota ! maximum price = a textbook on ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 fix$ at #hj c5ts by a law ( #ahia4aaj ,! duty ( *oos+ textbooks 0 delegat$ to v>i\s (ficials 9 ! diff]5t /ates4 ,miss\ri direct$1 9 #ahig1 t a /ate commission %\ld select ! textbooks 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t4#aaa ,arkansas delegat$ ! task ( *oos+ a hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1#aab z well z provid+1 9 #ahii1 t !re be includ$ among ! textbooks ( ! s*ools1 ! hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t ( ! /ate & nation4#aac ,9 ,idaho1 ! c\nty sup]9t5d5t select$ ! textbooks 9 8hi/ory10 & 9 ,cali=nia ! duty devolv$ ^u ! /ate bo>d ( education4#aad ,among ! bran*es ( /udy 9 ,texas & ,alabama = :i* law prescrib$ t !re %\ld be a uni=m s]ies ( books 0 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 & 9 ,alabama 0 add$ ! hi/ory & con/itution ( ! /ate4#aae ,! mo/ common regulation reg>d+ textbooks p]ta9$ to ! prohibition ( books %[+ p>tisan1 political or sect>ian bias4#aaf ,9 ! ,s\?1 p>ticul>ly1 7 su* laws enact$4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahij1 a jo9t resolution 89 relation to hi/ories to be taught 9 ! public s*ools ( ,mississippi0 pass$ ! legislature ( t /ate4 ,x urg$ 8! utmo/ c>e 9 ! selection & introduction ( s*ool hi/ories10 9 ord] to elim9ate ^? consid]$ 8bias$1 prejudic$ & unfair10 or t suppress$ a 8full1 free & c&id pres5tation ( que/ions ^u :i* ! ,am]ican p0 _h be5 8hone/ly divid$10 & 9 ! ma9t5ance ( :i* !y _h act$ 8accord+ to ! prompt+s ( c\rage & honor40#aag ,precisely ! same motive actuat$ ! lawmak]s ( ,alabama lat] 9 e/abli%+ c\nty s*ool bo>ds to select uni=m s]ies ( textbooks = ! public s*ools4 ,^! bo>ds 7 in/ruct$ to avoid 8textbooks conta9+ any?+ p>tisan1 prejudicial or inimical to ! int]e/s ( ! p ( ! ,/ate0 or :i* w\ld 8ca/ a reflection on _! pa/ hi/ory40#aah ,endorsem5t ( hi/ory books favorable to ! ,s\? 0 ! burd5 ( a resolution ( ,georgia1 9 #ahff1 :i* comm5d$ ! ,s\!rn ,univ]sity s]ies ( s*ool textbooks "u ! auspices ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia f ! p5s ( ,capta9 ,m4 ,f4 ,maury1 ,gilmore ,simms1 ,honorable ,*>les ,gay>re1 ,judge ,b4 ,f4 ,port]1 ,pr(essors ,le ,compte1 ,holmes1 ,v5able1 ,s*ele1 ,dev]e1 because !y express$ a 8correct s5tim5t40#aai ,?is p>ticul>ism became m evid5t t[>d ! close ( ! p]iod z ,s\!rn legislatures ?rew (f ! influ5ce ( c>pet-bag dom9ation4 ,m>yl&'s legislation ( #ahfh & ,s\? ,c>ol9a's ( #ahgj decl>$ t 8s*ool books %all conta9 no?+ ( a sect>ian or p>tisan "*40#abj ,virg9ia z e>ly z #ahdi _h subscrib$ to a simil> /atem5t1#aba & 9 #ahgb bo? ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia =bade ! use ( books 9 ! public s*ools :i* might p>take ( a 8political0 or 8sectional0 bias4#abb ,9 ,georgia1 ! c\nty bo>ds 7 n p]mitt$ 8to introduce into ! s*ools any textbook or miscellane\s book ( a sect>ian or sectional "*40#abc ,a ,s\? ,c>ol9a law1 p]ta9+ to ! g5]al duties ( ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( education1 accept$ ! phraseology common to _m laws reg>d+ textbooks 9 =bidd+ 8p>tisan0 books or in/ruction4#abd ,p>tisan textbooks 7 also exclud$ f ! s*ools ( ,alabama1 ,kansas1 ,arizona1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,cali=nia4#abe ,9 ,idaho & ,montana legislation /ipulat$ ! rejection ( all books :i* w\ld propagate 8political0 doctr9es1 & 9 ,texas x provid$ t no?+ ( a sectional or p>tisan "* %\ld be includ$ 9 ! uni=m s]ies ( textbooks select$4#abf ,9 ,k5tucky ! c\nty bo>d ( exam9]s 0 giv5 ! task ( select+ a uni=m s]ies ( textbooks = ! c\nty provid+ t ! selection did n include any books ( 8an immoral1 sectional or sect>ian "*40#abg ,! t]ritory ( ,dakota legislat+ reg>d+ s*ool libr>ies =bade n only books unsuit$ 8to ! cultivation ( good "* & good morals & mann]s10 b all 8p>tisan political pamphlets & books40#abh ,! evolution ( laws respect+ textbooks 9 ?is p]iod indicat$ ! t5d5cy t[>d a _s ( localism4 ,! ,s\? seiz$ ^u ano!r opportunity 9 h] legislation = textbooks to prohibit ! tea*+ ( a ,nor!rn viewpo9t2 n9e /ates ( ! ,conf$]acy pass$ laws prohibit+ ! use ( 8p>tisan0 hi/ories 9 _! s*ools4 ,! bord] /ate ( ,k5tucky also =bade 8sectional0 textbooks1 :]eas ! ,we/ attempt$ to exclude 8p>tisan1 political books40#abi ,! laws pass$ by ! ,nor? dur+ ! p]iod dealt l>gely ) ! nam+ ( textbooks to be us$ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,,footnotes3 #bg ,cf4 ,johnson1 ,h5ry1 ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,s*ools 7,new ,york1 #aiae71 *4 v2 ,russell1 ,w4 ,f41 ,! ,e>ly ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ools ( ,new ,york & ,massa*usetts 7,philadelphia1 #aiae74 ,hi/ory 0 (f]$ 9 /ates :]e !re 7 n /atutory requirem5ts4 ,! enum]ation ( ^! laws does n1 moreov]1 indicate ! am\nt ( hi/ory /udi$4 #bh ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,v]mont1 #ahfb1 *4 #bb1 sec4 #ai1 p4 #aea4 #bi ,ibid41 #ahid1 sec4 #gjj1 p4 #ahi4 ,simil> laws _h be5 pass$ by ,massa*usetts 9 #ahfj4 ,see page #g4 #cj ,laws ( ,connecticut1 #ahhc1 *4 ,,lxxiv1 p4 #bfd4 ,laws ( successive ye>s c>ri$ on sub/antially ! same requirem5ts4 ,9 #aijb ! law appe>$ ) slight modifications1 hav+ be5 accept$ 9 #ahfh1 #ahgj1 #ahhd1 #ahhh1 #ahhi1 #ahie1 #ahig1 #ahii4 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,connecticut1 #aijb1 *4 #aca1 p>4 #bacj1 p4 #efa1 cites ,revision1 #ahhh1 p>4 #baah1 *4 #f2 #ahie1 *4 #aai2 #ahig1 *4 #aja2 #ahii1 *4 #ed4 #ca ,virg9ia 9 #ahdi _h prescrib$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,?is /ate did n enact a law dur+ ?is p]iod4 #cb ,acts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahfc1 *4 #acg1 #af1 p4 #bej4 ,aga9 ,acts1 #ahff1 *4 #gd1 #bi1 p4 #fb2 & ,code1 #ahfh1 *4 #de1 #ce1 p4 #cjj2 ,acts1 #ahgc1 *4 #abc1 #cb1 p4 #djc2 ,acts1 #ahha1 p4 #ahe2 ,acts1 #ahgd1 *4 #abc1 #aa1 p4 #chh2 ibid41 p4 #agc4 ,?is law 0 renact$ 9 #ahha4 #cc ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,miss\ri1 #ahfd-fe1 sec4 #d1 p4 #abh4 ,approv$ ,febru>y #aj1 #ahfe4 #cd ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #ahfe1 *4 #e1 sec4 #d1 p4 #bhd4 #ce ,ibid41 *4 ,,iv1 sec4 #b1 p4 #bhb2 ibid41 #ahfh1 *4 ,,vi1 sec4 #b1 p4 #ged2 ibid41 #ahgj1 *4 ,,vii1 sec4 #c1 p4 #edj2 ibid41 #ahgb1 *4 #g1 sec4 #c1 p4 #fch2 ,revis$ ,code1 #ahgi1 art4 ,,xxvii1 #ci1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bee4 #cf ,virg9ia _h pass$ su* a law 9 #ahdi4 ,see page #h4 ,laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahgj1 sec4 #bd1 p4 #cdd2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahgb1 *4 ,,xxxviii1 sec4 #d1 p4 #bdf2 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahha-ahhb1 sec4 #ajjd1 p4 #cjj4 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahic1 sec4 #ajeh1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cfh1 repeat ! law4 ,laws ( ,arkansas1 #ahfh1 sec4 #fe1 p4 #ahd2 ,laws1 #ahge1 sec4 #de1 p4 #fh2 aga9 9 ,acts1 #aiac1 sec4 #fb1 p4 #daj4 ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #ahgc1 *4 #a1 sec4 #bc1 p4 #ac4 #cg ,laws ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #ahha1 *4 #bjj1 sec4 #ch1 p4 #chc4 ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #ahgc1 *4 ,,xxv1 sec4 #ca1 p4 #df2 ,laws1 #ahgi1 *4 #ahg1 sec4 #ca4 #ch ,code ( ,alabama1 #ahig1 art4 #c1 #cdef1 #d1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #iih2 ibid41 #aijg1 #afhe1 #d1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #gda4 ,! ,code ( a decade lat] repeat$ ! same /atute indicat+ t x 0 /ill a law4 #ci ,laws ( ,k5tucky1 #ahhh1 p>4 #f1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #aeg4 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahgc1 p4 #bab4 ,! latt] ref]s to ! law = hi/ory4 ,= ,we/ ,virg9ia see page #ae4 #dj ,dige/ ( ,florida1 #ahbb-ahha1 sec4 #cf1 p4 #iaj2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahib1 sec4 #bec1 p4 #ahd2 ,compil$ ,laws1 #aiad1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aci4 #da ,acts ( ,florida1 #ahhi1 *4 #chgb1 sec4 #ca1 p4 #hb4 ,approv$ ,june #h1 #ahhi4 ,a law p]ta9+ to ! tea*+ ( citiz5%ip _h be5 pass$ 9 ,florida on ,janu>y #bd1 #ahea1 & is unique 9 its p]iod4 ,by ?is law1 two sem9>ies ( le>n+ 7 e/abli%$ ^u ! ea/ & we/ sides ( ! ,suwanee ,riv]4 ,! fir/ purpose ( ^! sem9>ies 0 to be ! in/ruction ( p]sons 9 8all ! v>i\s bran*es t p]ta9 to a good common s*ool education2 & next to give in/ruction 9 ! me*anic arts1 9 husb&ry & agricultural *emi/ry1 9 ! fundam5tal laws1 & 9 :at reg>ds ! rights & duties ( citiz5s40 ,acts ( ,florida1 #ahej-ahfa1 *4 #ccg 7no4 #bf71 p4 #ig2 also ,dige/1 #ahbb-ahha inclusive1 *4 #agh1 sec4 #a1 p4 #iaf2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahib1 *4 ,v1 p>4 #cja1 p4 #aib4 #db ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #ahfa1 sec4 #bb1 p4 #fj2 #ahfb1 sec4 #bi1 p4 #bf2 #ahfd1 sec4 #bi1 p4 #bc2 #ahgc1 sec4 #fd1 p4 #ba4 ,successive laws d n necess>ily mean renactm5ts1 b o!r subjects h be5 add$ ) ! social /udies rema9+ ! same & reappe>+ 9 ! laws4 #dc ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,m9nesota1 #ahha 7includ+ ,/atutes1 #ahgh71 *4 #cf1 sec4 #agh1 ,vol4 ,,ii2 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahid1 *4 #cf 7,title #e71 sec4 #chhi1 sec4 #chij1 sec4 #chia1 p4 #ajec4 ,! law provid$ 8t all s*ool (fic]s 9 ! /ate may introduce1 z "p ( ! daily ex]cises ( ea* s*ool 9 _! jurisdiction1 in/ruction 9 ! elem5ts ( social & moral sci5ce1 includ+ indu/ry1 ord]1 economy1 punctuality1 pati5ce1 self-d5ial1 heal?1 purity1 temp]ance1 cleanl9ess1 hone/y1 tru?1 ju/ice1 polit5ess1 peace1 fidelity1 philan?ropy1 patriotism1 self-respect1 hope1 p]sev]ance1 *e]fulness1 c\rage1 self-reliance1 gratitude1 pity1 m]cy1 k9dness1 consci5ce1 reflection1 & ! w40 ,fur!r provisions sugge/$ ! mode = c>ry+ out ! law4 8,t x may be ! duty ( ! tea*]s to give a %ort oral lesson e day ^u "o ( ! topics m5tion$ 4441 & to require ! pupils to furni% illu/rations ( ! same ^u ! foll[+ morn+40 ,if only "o lesson 7 giv5 & only "o topic discuss$ daily by ! tea*]1 a full cal5d> mon? w\ld h be5 sp5t 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ?is law4 #dd ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #ahgh1 *4 #bg1 sec4 #ddg1 p4 #agc4 #de ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #ahhg1 *4 #gi1 p4 #gg2 ibid41 #ahih1 *4 #bg1 sec4 #ddg1 p4 #cfc2 ,/atutes1 #aiac1 *4 #bg1 sec4 #ddg1 p4 #beh4 #df ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,indiana1 #ahha1 #ddig1 p4 #igh2 ,laws ( ,miss\ri1 #ahie1 p4 #bfg2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahii1 sec4 #ihh1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bbgj2 ibid41 #aiji1 sec4 #ajheb2 ibid41 #aiai1 sec4 #aabah4 ,see page #ae = o!r ,miss\ri laws4 #dg ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #ahie1 sec4 #ac1 p4 #adb4 #dh ,laws ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #ahie1 *4 #ef1 p4 #gi2 ibid41 #ahig1 sec4 #gda1 p4 #ajh2 #aije1 sec4 #gej1 p4 #bjb2 #aiji1 sec4 #hcc1 p4 #cjb4 ,dakota ,t]ritory1 ,compil$ ,laws1 #ahhg1 sec4 #aggj1 p4 #cie4 ,?is %[s t ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 requir$ 9 ! common s*ools1 z e>ly z #ahhc1 ,session ,laws ( ,dakota ,t]ritory1 #ahhc1 *4 #dd1 p>4 #hc4 #di ,revis$ ,code ( ,dakota ,t]ritory1 #ahhc1 sec4 #ia1 p4 #ehe4 #ej ,laws ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #ahhi-ij1 sec4 #acd1 p4 #baa2 ,revis$ ,code1 #ahie1 sec4 #ged2 ibid41 #aiji1 sec4 #hhi1 p4 #ahd2 ibid41 #aiac1 sec4 #achi1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ccc4 ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #ahic1 sec4 #f1 p4 #abf2 ibid41 #ahie1 sec4 #f1 p4 #ach2 ibid41 #aija1 sec4 #f1 p4 #agc2 ,compil$ ,laws1 #aijc1 sec4 #bceh1 p4 #dbi2 ibid41 #aiac1 sec4 #adc1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #eia4 #ea ,code ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahha1 sec4 #cbje1 p4 #eeh2 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahij1 *4 ,,viii1 sec4 #haj1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cjj4 ,simil> laws1 ,laws1 #ahij1 sec4 #de1 p4 #cgb2 ,laws1 #ahie1 sec4 #a1 p4 #h2 ,laws1 #ahig1 sec4 #fe1 p4 #chd2 ,laws1 #aiji1 sec4 #b1 p4 #bfb2 also ,laws1 #ahgg1 sec4 #e1 p4 #bgd1 = ! law prescrib+ tea*+ ( patriotism4 ,wa%+ton requir$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 #eb ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,montana1 #ahgi1 sec4 #aaai1 p4 #fdf1 prescrib$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,laws ( ,montana1 #ahga-gb1 p4 #fcj2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahgi1 sec4 #aabh1 p4 #fdh2 aga9 on /atute books1 ,laws1 #ahgd1 sec4 #da1 p4 #acb2 ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #ahhg1 sec4 #aijj1 p4 #aahg2 ,revis$ ,code1 #aijg 7see act ( ,m>* #aa1 #ahie72 ,laws1 #aiac1 *4 ,,vi1 #hjb1 pt4 #d1 p4 #bde1 = prescrib+ tea*+ ( patriotism4 ,?is law 0 c>ri$ by ,montana on h] /atute books = fifty ye>s4 ,9 ,wa%+ton x pass$ ?r\gh a simil> exp]i5ce1 be+ f\nd 9 ! ,code ( #aiaj4 ,see ,rem+ton & ,ball+]'s ,code1 #aiaj1 sec4 #deej1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dij4 #ec ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahfc-d1 sec4 #f1 p4 #baa2 ibid41 #ahfe-f1 sec4 #ee1 p4 #cih2 ,codes & ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahhe1 sec4 #affe1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bij2 ibid41 #aije1 sec4 #ahgd1 #b1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dea4 ,same law 7#ahhe7 on /atute books 9 #aije4 ,code1 #aije1 #affe1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cia4 ,civil gov]nm5t 0 add$1 #ahhi4 ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #ahia1 #affe1 p4 #afa2 aga9 9 ,laws1 #ahic1 p4 #bed2 ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #aijc1 #ahgd1 #b1 p4 #aie2 ,codes1 #aije1 #affe1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cia2 ,laws1 #aijg1 p4 #idg4 ,! laws respect+ ! tea*+ ( patriotism & tra9+ = citiz5%ip are f\nd 9 ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahfe-hf1 sec4 #gj1 p4 #djj2 ,codes & ,/atutes1 #ahhe1 sec4 #agjb1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bic2 ,codes & ,/atutes1 #aije1 sec4 #agja1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dbj4 #ed ,laws ( ,arizona1 #ahhc1 sec4 #ei1 p4 #di2 ,laws1 #ahhe1 p4 #aeg2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahhg1 p4 #bhd2 ,revis$ ,laws ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,arizona1 #aija1 #bbad1 sec4 #he1 p4 #fjb4 ,! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory requir$4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,arizona1 #ahhg1 #aeff 7sec4 #id71 p4 #bhe2 ,laws1 #ahhe1 p4 #afj2 ,revis$ ,laws ( ,t]ritory1 #aija1 #bbdc 7sec4 #aac71 p4 #fjh4 ,! law prescrib$ t a tea*] in/ruct 9 ! pr9ciples ( 8morality1 tru?1 ju/ice1 & patriotism 444 to tra9 !m pupils up to a true compreh5sion ( ! rights1 duties1 & dignity ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip40 #ee ,/atutes ( ,nevada1 #ahfd-e1 sec4 #db1 p4 #dbd4 ,also ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahfa-ahhe1 #accj1 sec4 #db1 p4 #chd4 ,?is la/ w\ld indicate ! inclusion ( ! law 9 ! /atutes to #ahhe4 ,compil$ ,laws ( ,nevada1 #ahfa-aijj1 #acdf1 sec4 #d4 ,compil$ ,laws ( ,new ,mexico1 #ahhd1 sec4 #aaja1 p4 #edh2 ibid41 #ahig1 sec4 #aebi1 p4 #dbe4 #ef ,utah's law reg>d+ ! tea*+ ( patriotism came "u a /atute reg>d+ 8,prohibit$ ,doctr9es4 ,moral ,in/ruction40 ,x prescrib$ t 8no a!i/ic1 infidel1 sect>ian1 religi\s1 or d5om9ational doctr9e %all be taught 9 any ( ! di/rict s*ools ( ?is /ate4 ,moral in/ruction t5d+ to impress on ! m9ds ( ! pupils ! importance ( good mann]s1 tru?fulness1 temp]ance1 purity1 patriotism1 & indu/ry1 %all be giv51 444 & all su* s*ools %all be free f sect>ian control40 ,! law prescrib+ ! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory is f\nd 9 ,laws ( ,utah1 #ahif1 p4 #dhf2 ibid41 #ahig1 p4 #aca4 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahih1 p4 #dda2 ,compil$ ,laws1 #aijg1 sec4 #ahdh1 p4 #gjd4 #eg ,laws ( ,idaho1 #ahhd1 sec4 #cd1 p4 #aic2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahhg1 *4 ,,vii1 sec4 #fhg1 p4 #acd2 ,laws1 #ahii1 sec4 #dh1 p4 #ig2 ,political ,code1 #aija1 *4 ,,xl1 sec4 #ajfg1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cbi2 ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #aiai1 sec4 #idd1 p4 #bfi4 ,?is la/ citation w\ld indicate ! p]man5ce ( ! law4 #eh ,?is is especially evid5t 9 ! legislation affect+ textbooks 9 hi/ory4 ,see page #cf et seq4 ,a k ( /ate hi/ory 0 requir$ = tea*] c]tification 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,mississippi1 ,s\? ,dakota1 & ,texas4 #ei ,johnson1 op4 cit41 p4 #acc4 #fj ,ibid41 p4 #acd4 #fa ,ibid41 pp4 #acd-ace4 #a/ & #b;d ye>s1 biography & my?ology2 #c;d ye>1 ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! elem5ts ( civil gov]nm5t2 #d? ye>1 ,greek & ,roman hi/ory2 #e? ye> 7high s*ool71 ,fr5* hi/ory2 #f? ye>1 ,engli% hi/ory2 #g? ye>1 ,am]ican hi/ory2 #h? ye>1 a special p]iod = int5sive /udy & civil gov]nm5t4 #fb ,ibid41 p4 #adc4 #a/ ye>1 ,anci5t hi/ory to #hjj ,a4,d41 #had ,a4,d41 or #hdc ,a4,d42 #b;d ye>1 ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,european hi/ory2 #c;d ye>1 ,engli% hi/ory1 & #d? ye>1 ,am]ican hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t4 #fc ,?is includes ,massa*usetts ^: law 0 discuss$ 9 *apt] ,i4 ,see page #g4 ,florida & ,idaho did n "n any social /udies2 h5ce !y are n includ$ 9 ?is numb]4 #fd ,connecticut1 #ahff1 & ,ma9e1 #ahgc1 /ill requir$ 8hi/ory40 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ahfg1 *4 ,,lxxxi1 sec4 #d1 p4 #afi2 ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #ahfa1 sec4 #bb1 p4 #fj2 ,code ( ,public ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #aijc1 art4 #gg1 #gj1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #adgb4 ,! s\rce ( ! law is f ,laws1 #ahfh1 title ,,ii1 *4 #a1 sec4 #b1 p4 #geg4 #fe ,dige/ ( ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #ahhc1 #agc1 p4 #cjh1 9 :i* is s\rce ( law f ,public ,laws1 #ahfg1 p>4 ,,ii 7,april #i1 #ahfg74 ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #ahfa1 *4 #agf1 sec4 #d1 p4 #ajj2 ,laws ( ,indiana1 #ahfe1 sec4 #cd1 p4 #ac4 ,/atutes ( ,miss\ri1 #ahgj1 *4 #abc1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #abfj1 conta9+ s\rce f ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #ahfe1 sec4 #ij1 p4 #bgc4 ,laws ( ,arkansas1 #ahfh1 sec4 #fj1 p4 #aha4 ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahfe-f1 sec4 #hg1 p4 #djd1 fir/ & second grade c]tificates4 ,^! laws are cont9u$ by ! foll[+ 9 successive legislation2 ,m9nesota ,laws1 #ahfb1 sec4 #bi1 p4 #bf2 ibid41 #ahfd1 sec4 #bi1 p4 #bc2 ibid41 #ahgc1 sec4 #fd1 p4 #ga2 ,g5]al ,laws1 #ahha1 sec4 #ff1 p4 #dhj2 ibid41 #ahid1 sec4 #cgej1 p4 #ajbb2 ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #ahfh1 *4 #aji1 sec4 #d1 p4 #aaj2 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,indiana1 #ahha1 #ddbe1 p4 #ieg1 ,laws1 #ahhi1 *4 ,,lv1 p4 #he2 ibid41 #ahii1 *4 ,,ccxiv1 p4 #dhi2 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,miss\ri1 #ahgi1 sec4 #gjgg1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #acid1 :i* conta9s am5dm5t ( #ahgd :5 civil gov]nm5t 0 add$4 ,^! successive laws rema9$ un*ang$ = ! social sci5ces except :]e not$4 ,dige/ ( ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #ahid1 p4 #hae2 ibid41 #aija1 p4 #hei2 9 #aija1 civil gov]nm5t1 bo? /ate & local1 7 add$4 ,acts ( ,arkansas1 #ahgc1 sec4 #fb1 p4 #dj4 ,codes & ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahgf1 sec4 #agdh1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bdb4 #ff ,laws ( ,idaho1 #ahgj-ga1 sec4 #ab1 p4 #aj2 ,laws ( ,arkansas1 #ahge1 sec4 #cc1 p4 #fe2 ,laws ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahgd1 *4 #abc1 sec4 #bh1 p4 #cii2 also ibid41 #ahgi1 *4 #gd1 sec4 #bh1 p4 #adc4 #fg ,laws ( ,texas1 #ahga-gc1 sec4 #ae1 ,vol4 ,,vii1 p4 #edj2 ,code ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahha1 sec4 #cbdj1 p4 #efd1 ,laws1 #ahga1 sec4 #f1 p4 #ag1 ibid41 #ahgg1 sec4 #f1 p4 #dbd2 ,compil$ ,laws ( ,kansas1 #ahgi1 sec4 #f1 p>4 #ha 7#eaha71 p4 #hcd2 ,laws1 #ahgf1 *4 #abb1 art4 #f1 p>4 #f2 ,laws ( ,colorado1 #ahgj-gb1 sec4 #aj1 p4 #acd1 ibid41 #ahgf1 sec4 #ae1 #bdfa1 p4 #haa2 ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #ahgi1 p4 #eb2 ,laws ( ,oregon1 #ahgb1 p>4 #be1 p4 #ejg4 #fh ,laws ( ,arkansas1 #ahge1 sec4 #cc1 p4 #fe1 also ibid41 #ahfh1 sec4 #fj1 p4 #aha1 ibid41 #ahgc1 sec4 #fb1 p4 #daj4 ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 ,m>yl&1 ,ma9e1 ,i[a1 ,nebraska1 ,ill9ois & ,cali=nia 7 discuss$ 9 connection ) ! passage ( e>li] laws 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 #fi ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #ahgi1 *4 #bcg1 p4 #cdf2 ,laws1 #ahhg1 *4 #gi1 p4 #gg4 #gj ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #ahhb1 *4 #cah1 p4 #chb1 c]tificate = prospective tea*]s2 ,laws ( ,ohio1 #ahhb1 p4 #gj4 8,an act to am5d section #djgd ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ohio relat+ to tea*]s' c]tificates1 mak+ an exam9ation 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory ess5tial40 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,mi*igan1 #ahhc1 p>4 #eaec1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #acef 7a compilation ( laws72 ,public ,acts1 #ahhg1 *4 ,,xii1 sec4 #d1 p4 #hij1 left un*ang$ ! social /udies by law ( #ahhg1 *4 #aif1 sec4 #eaec1 p4 #ceci2 ,laws ( ,dakota ,t]ritory1 #ahhc1 *4 #dd1 p>4 #af4 ,revis$ ,code1 #ahhc1 p>4 #af1 p4 #eeh1 fir/ & second grade c]tificates2 ,compil$ ,laws1 #ahhg1 p>4 #aggj1 p4 #cie2 = fir/ grade c]tificate1 ,dakota add$ civil gov]nm5t4 ,acts ( ,alabama1 #ahhj-ha1 p4 #ge1 fir/ & second grade c]tificates1 ,code ( ,alabama1 #ahhg1 *4 #c1 #ihd1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bfi1 same c]tificates2 ,laws ( ,arizona1 #ahhe1 p4 #adj1 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahhg1 *4 #b1 #adhe 7sec4 #ac71 p4 #bgb1 fir/ & second grade t]ritorial c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,montana1 #ahhc1 sec4 #aadi1 p4 #eg1 = c\nty c]tificates4 #ga ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,connecticut1 #ahhh1 sec4 #bace1 p4 #dff2 ,dige/ ( ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #ahhc1 #agc1 p4 #cjh2 requir$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory f a law ( #ahfg2 ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #ahhg1 sec4 #d1 p4 #abj1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,laws ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahha1 sec4 #bh1 p4 #ahb1 8hi/ory0 requir$ = prim>y s*ool c]tificates2 see ,laws1 #ahgd1 p4 #cii2 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,indiana1 #ahha1 #ddbe1 p4 #ieg1 ,laws ( #ahhi1 *4 ,,lv1 p4 #he1 = common s*ools1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 requir$2 ,supplem5t to ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #ahgh1 requir$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 f$]al & /ate con/itutions = ! fir/1 second1 ?ird grade c]tificates1 also ,laws1 #ahhg1 *4 #gi1 p4 #gg2 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,kansas1 #ahhi1 #efea1 p>4 #ij1 p4 #ahca4 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 requir$ = fir/1 second1 & ?ird grade c]tificates2 also ,laws1 #ahha1 *4 #aea1 p>4 #f1 am5d$ by ,laws1 #ahhe1 *4 #agj1 p>4 #a1 p4 #bgd2 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,idaho ,t]ritory1 #ahhg1 *4 ,,vii1 sec4 #fhj1 c\nty c]tificates ) ! requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory2 ,code ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahha1 sec4 #cbdj1 p4 #efd1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 requir$1 f ,laws1 #ahga1 also ,laws1 #ahhe1 p4 #bg2 ,codes & ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahhe1 p>4 #aggb1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bih1 :i* 0 ! same z 9 #ahgf2 = c\nty c]tificates ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 prescrib$4 #gb ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,colorado1 #ahhc1 *4 ,,xcvii1 #cjaj1 sec4 #ae1 p4 #hhc4 ,?is am5d$ ,g5]al ,laws1 #ahgi1 p4 #afb1 by add+ 8con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates02 ,laws1 #ahhi1 sec4 #d1 p4 #cha4 #gc ,laws ( ,idaho1 #ahhd1 sec4 #cj1 p4 #aib2 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahhg1 *4 ,,vii1 secs4 #fhb1 #fhc1 p4 #acc4 ,see *apt] #a = requirem5ts 9 ,nebraska1 ,i[a1 ,ill9ois1 ,connecticut1 & ,ma9e4 #gd ,laws ( ,oregon1 #ahhe1 p4 #dd1 also ,laws1 #ahgb1 sec4 #be1 p4 #ejg4 #ge ,/atutes ( ,oklahoma1 #ahic 7compilation71 *4 #gc1 art4 #e1 p4 #ajid1 = fir/ & second grade c]tificates1 also ,laws1 #ahig1 *4 #cd1 art4 #f1 p4 #bgc4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,wyom+1 #ahii1 sec4 #fbg1 p4 #bbh2 ,laws1 #ahii1 *4 #gj1 p4 #acf1 = second & ?ird grade c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,florida1 #ahic1 *4 #daib1 p4 #abe1 also ,compil$ ,laws1 #aiad1 #cfe1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #acf1 = fir/ grade c]tificates4 ,see footnote1 page #hf4 #gf ,compil$ ,laws ( ,florida1 #aiad1 #cfe1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #acf4 #gg ,laws ( ,wyom+1 #ahii1 *4 #gj1 p4 #acf1 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahii1 sec4 #fbg1 p4 #bbh4 #gh ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #ahie1 #da1 p4 #aee1 = high s*ools dem&$ g5]al hi/ory & civics1 b no m5tion 0 made ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,9 ,dige/1 #ahid1 p4 #hae1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 requir$ = c]tificate f any c\nty1 bor\gh1 or its sup]9t5d5t4 ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #ahic1 sec4 #e1 p4 #fia1 pr(essional c]tificates2 ibid41 #ahih1 sec4 #bd1 p4 #aih1 pr(essional1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird grade c]tificates4 ,acts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahia1 *4 #fd1 p4 #afi1 8hi/ory0 & civil gov]nm5t = prim>y c]tificates2 also ,acts1 #ahie1 *4 #bf1 #bh1 p4 #ha1 = fir/1 second & ?ird grade c]tificates2 add+ g5]al hi/ory 9 fir/ grade c]tificate1 see ibid41 p4 #hb1 also ,code1 #ahii1 *4 #de1 #bh1 #bi4 ,public ,acts ( ,mi*igan1 #ahic1 sec4 #e1 p4 #ce1 also 9 ,compil$ ,laws1 #aiae 7#ehha71 sec4 #e1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bbac4 ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #ahih1 *4 #bg1 sec4 #ddg1 p4 #cfc1 = all grades ( lic5ses4 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,m9nesota1 #ahid1 *4 #cf1 p>4 #cgdi1 p>4 #cgej1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ajbb1 = pr(essional /ate c]tificate by law ( #ahic approv$ ,april #ah1 #ahic4 ,laws ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #ahie1 #eb1 p4 #bg1 = all c]tificates1 ibid41 #ahig1 p>4 #gda1 p4 #ajh4 ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #ahia1 *4 #ef1 p>4 #d1 p4 #aai1 ibid41 #ahic1 *4 #gh1 #aje1 ibid41 #ahie1 *4 #gh1 p4 #hc1 9 ,compil$ ,laws1 #aiac1 p>4 #ee1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #egb4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,miss\ri1 #ahii1 sec4 #igih1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bbgg1 any c]tificates4 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,kansas1 #ahig1 *4 #fc1 p>4 #bjj1 p4 #fga1 fir/ grade c]tificate1 b second & ?ird grade requir$ only ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,annotat$ ,code ( ,g5]al ,/atute ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #ahib1 #djbb1 p4 #hhi1 fir/ grade lic5se2 pr(essional & /ate 9 #ahif1 ,laws1 #ahif1 p4 ,,iii1 secs4 #f & #g4 ,laws ( ,texas1 #ahbb-ahig1 sec4 #fe1 fir/1 second grades & p]man5t c]tificates 7#bc;d legislature1 #ahic72 by laws ( #ahia1 /ate c]tificate g5]al hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahie1 art4 #cigi1 p4 #ghg4 ,laws ( ,idaho1 #ahig1 sec4 #g1 p4 #ge1 ibid41 #ahii1 sec4 #ag1 p4 #caj4 ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahia1 *4 ,,xcvii1 sec4 #d1 p4 #bdd1 ,code1 #ahia1 p>4 #ggc1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bha1 /ate c]tificate1 ibid41 p>4 #ggg1 p4 #bhe1 fir/ grade c]tificate4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,utah1 #ahih1 #agfg1 p4 #dbe1 /ate pr(essional c]tificate1 ibid41 #aibc1 p4 #dee1 = prim>y & gramm> c]tificates1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory only1 b ibid41 #aibd1 high s*ool c]tificates2 bo? ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civics = t]ritorial c]tificate ( fir/ grade 9 #ahij1 civics & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ,laws1 #ahij1 sec4 #bc1 p4 #aae2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 op4 cit41 #agfg1 p4 #dbe1 /ate pr(essional diploma ( high s*ool grade1 g5]al hi/ory1 civil gov]nm5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahic1 p4 #bfj1 prim>y c\nty c]tificates4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,wyom+1 #ahii1 sec4 #fbg1 p4 #bbh1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird grade lic5ses1 ) political economy requir$ = fir/ grade4 #gi ,acts ( ,alabama1 #ahia1 p>4 #b1 p4 #bej4 ,approv$ ,febru>y #d1 #ahia2 also 9 ,code1 #ahig1 art4 #f1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ajjg4 #hj ,see citations 9 footnote #eb4 #ha ,citation ( ref]5ce 9 footnote #eb4 ,also ,acts ( ,i[a1 #ahif1 *4 #ci1 p4 #dd1 am5ds #agff ( ,code4 #hb ,dige/ ( ,/atutes ( ,arkansas1 #ahid1 *4 #aci1 sec4 #gjaj1 p4 #aebc1 ,act ( ,april #ad1 #ahic2 ,laws ( ,indiana1 #ahii1 *4 ,,ccxiv1 p4 #dhi2 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,kansas1 #ahig1 *4 #fc1 p>4 #bja1 #bjb1 p4 #fga2 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,utah1 #ahih1 #agif1 p4 #dcb4 #hc ,ma9e1 ,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 & ,nebraska4 #hd ,connecticut1 ,ill9ois1 ,montana1 ,ohio1 ,oregon be+ ! /ates :i* requir$ only hi/ory4 ,oregon's requirem5t 0 mod]n hi/ory4 #he ,k5tucky & ,oregon pass$ laws ?is ye>4 #hf ,laws ( ,k5tucky1 #ahfb1 *4 #fcf1 p4 #bfe4 ,approv$ ,augu/ #cj1 #ahfb4 ,laws1 #ahhi1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #afi1 p>4 #ae4 ,9 ! law = ! qualifications ( tea*]s1 h[ev]1 ! tak+ ( ! oa? 0 n m5tion$4 #hg ,acts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahfc1 *4 #acg1 #ce1 p4 #bee2 also ,code1 #ahfh1 *4 #de1 #ca4 p4 #bih2 aga9 ,acts1 #ahff1 *4 #gd1 #cg1 p4 #fe4 #hh ,acts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahfi1 pp4 #ef1 #ajd4 ,= ! law prescrib+ ! oa?1 ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahfh1 *4 #de1 #cb1 p4 #bii2 ,acts1 #ahfc1 *4 #ajf1 p4 #ach4 ,con/itution1 ibid41 *4 ,,ix1 p4 #gf4 ,on ,febru>y #g1 #ahgj1 ?is law 0 renact$ & am5d$4 ,code1 op4 cit41 *4 #ad1 #cb1 p4 #gci ( ,app5dix4 #hi ,laws ( ,miss\ri1 #ahfe-f1 p>4 #hi1 p4 #ahi4 #ij ,acts ( ,arkansas1 #ahfh1 sec4 #fa1 p4 #ahb4 ,aga9 9 ,acts1 #ahgc1 sec4 #fd1 p4 #dab4 ,repeal$ by an act ( #ahge4 #ia ,code ( ,oregon1 #ahfb1 sec4 #i1 p4 #dj4 #ib ,acts & ,resolves ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #ahfe1 pp4 #abf-abg4 ,! ,tw5tie? ,annual ,report on ! ,public ,s*ools 9 ,rhode ,isl& made to ! ,g5]al ,assembly at ! ,janu>y ,session1 ,a4,d4 #ahfe4 #ic ,laws ( ,arizona1 #ahhc1 pp4 #da & #aeg1 ibid41 #ahhe1 p4 #adf4 ,! law made x a duty ( sup]9t5d5ts ( public in/ruction or c\nty sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools to adm9i/] ! foll[+ oa?1 b !re 0 no sep>ate law prescrib+ t a tea*] take su* an oa?3 8,i1 ----1 d solemnly swe> t ,i w support ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! laws ( ! t]ritory ( ,arizona2 t ,i w true fai? & allegiance be> to ! same1 & def5d !m aga9/ all enemies :atsoev]1 & t ,i w fai?fully & imp>tially dis*>ge ! duties ( ! (fice 7"n ( (fice7 accord+ to ! be/ ( my ability1 s help me ,god40 #id ,laws ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #ahig1 p>4 #gdb1 p4 #aji2 ibid41 #aija1 p4 #ii2 ibid41 #aije1 p4 #bjf4 ,?is /atute 0 9 ! ,s*ool ,laws publi%$ 9 #aibc4 ,9 #aijj1 ,nor? ,dakota's total population 0 #cai1adf ) a =eign population ( #aac1jia4 #ie ,laws ( ,idaho1 #ahig1 sec4 #ag1 p4 #he1 ibid41 #ahii1 p4 #caj2 ,code1 #aija1 *4 ,,xl1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ccj4 ,?is law is f\nd z late z #aiba4 ,also ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #aiai1 p>4 #idf1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bgj4 ,9 #aijj1 ,idaho's population 0 #afa1ggb1 ( :i* #bd1fjd 7 =eign]s4 #if ,laws ( ,nevada1 #aijg1 *4 ,,clxxxii1 sec4 #cj1 p4 #chf2 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiab1 sec4 #cbgg1 also ,revis$ ,laws1 #ahfa-aiab1 #cgj1 sec4 #b1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aac4 ,out ( a total population1 9 #aijj1 ( #db1cce ,nevada's =eign population 0 #aj1jic4 #ig ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,virg9ia & ,l\isiana4 #ih ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,v]mont1 #ahfb1 *4 #bb1 sec4 #a1 p4 #afi4 ,! selection ( ! book 0 to be made z soon z possible1 & 0 to be b9d+ ^u all tea*]s & bo>ds ( education until ,janu>y1 #ahfg4 ,! law appe>$ 9 lat] /atute books4 ,revis$ ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #ahhj1 *4 #cc1 sec4 #eeh1 p4 #afi2 ,v]mont ,/atutes1 #ahid1 sec4 #gjj1 p4 #ahi4 #ii ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #ahgb1 no4 #ad1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ed4 8,hall's ,geography & ,hi/ory ( ,v]mont n[ 9 use by ! au?ority ( law1 9 ! s*ools ( ,v]mont1 or su* revis$ editions ( ! same z may be issu$1 %all be cont9u$ z a textbook = ! t]m ( five ye>s f ! fir/ day ( ,novemb]1 ,a4,d41 #ahgc40 ,approv$ ,novemb] #bf1 #ahgb4 ,legislation ( ?is "* is f\nd also 9 #ahhh & 9 #ahij4 ,laws1 #ahhh1 no4 #i1 sec4 #aga1 & #agb1 ibid41 #ahij1 no4 #g1 p4 #be4 #ajj ,acts & ,resolves ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #ahfe1 p4 #aec4 ,report ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,education4 #aja ,laws ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #ahgi1 *4 #ic1 p4 #agg4 ,approv$ ,m>* #a1 #ahgi4 ,john ,w4 ,moore1 au?or ( textbook4 #ajb ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahfh1 #ee1 p4 #cjh4 ,= ,holmes' ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,laws1 #ahgc1 #eh1 p4 #dai4 ,= geography1 ,knote's ,geography ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,mit*ell's ,new ,revis$ ,geographies1 ,macy-,h[e-,smi?'s ,lessons on ! ,globe1 by laws ( #ahgc & aga9 9 #ahia4 ,laws1 #ahia1 p4 #cac4 ,laws ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #ahie1 *4 #cg1 p4 #fc4 ,= ! ,g5]al ,hi/ory by ,my]s1 contract price #a4aj1 contract ex*ange price #hb c5ts2 = ! ,lead+ ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 contract price #fe c5ts1 ex*ange price #ej c5ts2 ,beg9n]'s ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 contract price #dc c5ts1 ex*ange price #ce c5ts4 ,lewis' ,hi/ory & ,gov]nm5t ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 9 fix+ #hj c5ts z ! contract price1 & ,dole's ,! ,am]ican ,citiz5 ) #fe c5ts z ! ex*ange price 7 likewise nam$ 9 ! law4 #ajc ,code ( ,virg9ia1 #ahhg1 sec4 #aeja1 p4 #djd4 ,by a law ( #ahhc-d4 #ajd ,laws ( ,indiana1 #ahhi1 *4 ,l1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ge4 #aje ,ibid41 #ahia1 *4 ,,lxxx1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ajj4 #ajf ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,m9nesota1 #ahha1 *4 #cf1 p>4 #aef1 #aeg1 p4 #dih4 ,contract = books let to ,d4 ,d4 ,m]rill1 ,/4 ,paul4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #ahig1 *4 #agi1 sec4 #d1 p4 #cgh4 ,laws ( ,montana1 #ahhi1 sec4 #d1 p4 #baa4 #ajg ,laws ( ,kansas1 op4 cit4 #ajh ,laws ( ,kansas1 #ahii1 *4 #agf1 p4 #ceg4 ,x 0 requir$ t ! g5]al hi/ory textbook mu/ equal ,my]s' ,g5]al ,hi/ory & ! ,engli% hi/ory mu/ equal ,montgom]y's ,engli% ,hi/ory4 #aji ,laws ( ,montana1 op4 cit4 #aaj ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #ahia1 p>4 #aa1 p4 #bci4 #aaa ,laws ( ,miss\ri1 #ahig1 sec4 #e1 p4 #bc4 ,approv$ ,m>* #ca1 #ahig4 #aab ,dige/ ( ! ,/atutes ( ,arkansas1 #ahid1 *4 #aci1 sec4 #fige1 p4 #aeai4 ,act ( ,decemb] #g1 #ahge4 ,also 9 ,dige/1 #aijd1 sec4 #geca1 p4 #aedc2 ibid41 #aiaf1 sec4 #icgi1 p4 #bacb4 #aac ,laws ( ,arkansas1 #ahii1 sec4 #e1 p4 #adh4 #aad ,laws ( ,idaho1 #ahhd-he1 p4 #ahe2 ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #ahhc-hd1 *4 ,,viii1 sec4 #a1 p4 #f4 #aae ,laws ( ,texas1 #ahbb-ahig1 sec4 #a1 ,vol4 ,x1 p4 #ade2 ,code ( ,alabama1 #ahig1 art4 #ah1 #ahaj4 #aaf ,inde$1 z e>ly z #ahdb1 ,new ,hamp%ire _h prescrib$ t 8no book %all be direct$ to be us$ z a s*ool book :i* is calculat$ to favor any p>ticul> religi\s or political sect or t5et40 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ahdb1 *4 #gc1 sec4 #ab1 p4 #aea2 ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #ahec1 sec4 #ac1 p4 #agh2 ,g5]al ,laws1 #ahgh1 *4 #hi1 sec4 #ab1 p4 #bag4 #aag ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #ahij1 *4 #gd1 p4 #hh4 ,! /ate sup]9t5d5t1 gov]nor1 & attorney-g5]al 7 made a committee 8to exam9e ! v>i\s textbooks ^u ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & recomm5d ) _! approval su* works z accord ) _! be/ judgm5t40 #aah ,acts ( ,alabama1 #ahif-g1 p4 #bjd4 ,c\nty ,s*ool ,book ,bo>d = ! c\nty ( ,w9/on2 ibid41 = ! c\nty ( ,lime/one2 ibid41 p4 #fcg1 = ! c\nties ( ,sumt] & ,madison4 #aai ,acts ( ,georgia1 #ahff1 p4 #bbb4 ,! same s]ies 7 endors$ by ,mississippi4 #abj ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #ahfh1 *4 ,,ix1 sec4 #a1 p4 #gef2 ibid41 #ahgj1 *4 #aj1 sec4 #a1 p4 #edg2 ,laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahgj1 sec4 #aj1 p4 #cda4 #aba ,laws ( ,virg9ia1 #ahdi1 *4 #aac1 p4 #ff4 #abb ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #ahgb-c1 sec4 #ei1 p4 #ehc4 ,?is provid$ t 8no sect>ian or political textbooks or influ5ces %all be us$ 9 any public s*ool40 ,9 ,georgia ! law prescrib$ t 8! c\nty bo>d ( education %all n be p]mitt$ to introduce into ! s*ools any text-book or miscellane\s books ( a sect>ian or sectional "*40 ,code ( ,georgia1 #ahhb1 "p #a1 title ,,xiii1 *4 ,v1 p>4 #abgd1 p4 #bgj2 also ,acts ( #ahgb1 sec4 ,,xxxiii1 p4 #ge2 also ,laws1 #ahhg1 sec4 ,,xxiii1 p4 #gd4 #abc ,code ( ,georgia1 #ahie1 sec4 #e1 p>4 #acfe1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cgf4 ,legislation cont9u$ f #ahgb4 ,acts1 #ahgb1 sec4 ,,xxxiii1 p4 #ge2 also ,code1 #ahhb1 "p ,i1 title ,,xiii1 *4 ,v1 p>4 #abgd1 p4 #bgj4 #abd ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahha-hb1 sec4 #ihg1 p4 #bid4 ,also ,laws1 #ahgj1 sec4 #aj1 p4 #cda4 ,code1 #aijb1 sec4 #aage1 p4 #deb2 ,code1 #aiab1 sec4 #afii1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dgb4 #abe ,code ( ,alabama1 #ahig1 art4 #ah1 #ahaa2 ibid41 #aijg2 ,session ,laws ( ,kansas1 #ahig1 *4 #agi1 sec4 #d1 p4 #cgh2 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,arizona1 #ahhg1 #aecj1 sec4 #eh1 p4 #bha1 ,laws1 #ahhe1 p4 #aec2 ,code ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahia1 p>4 #gia1 #aj1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bib2 ,laws1 #ahhc1 p4 #ac2 ,codes & ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #ahgf1 sec4 #afgb1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bce2 ibid41 #aije1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #djh4 #abf ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,idaho ,t]ritory1 #ahhg1 *4 ,,ix1 sec4 #gje1 p4 #ace4 ,also ,laws1 #ahff1 p4 #bg2 ,laws1 #ahgj1 p4 #ac2 ,laws1 #ahgi1 p4 #bd2 ,laws1 #ahij1 p4 #adh2 ,laws1 #ahic1 p4 #baa2 ,code1 #aijh1 sec4 #ffh1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #djf4 ,?is la/ =bade 8sect>ian & p>tisan in/ruction40 ,compil$ ,/atutes ( ,montana1 #ahhe1 sec4 #ahic1 p4 #aahe4 ,! t]m 8p>tisan0 9 "s /ates may h ref]r$ to ! tea*+ ( religi\s or political doctr9es4 ,laws ( ,texas1 #ahbb-ahig1 sec4 #a1 ,vol4 ,x1 p4 #ade4 ,pass$ 9 #ahia4 #abg ,acts ( ,k5tucky1 #ahic1 art4 ,,vi1 p>4 #fa1 p4 #adci4 ,approv$ ,july #ac1 #ahic4 #abh ,compil$ ,laws ( ,dakota ,t]ritory1 #ahhg1 p>4 #agih1 p4 #dja2 ,revis$ ,code1 #ahhc1 p4 #eig1 ,session ,laws1 #ahhc1 *4 #dd1 p>4 #acj4 #abi ,dakota ,t]ritory1 ,montana1 ,idaho1 ,wa%+ton exclud$ f _! s*ools 8p>tisan0 textbooks4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,laws ,,= ,,! ,,expansion ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,curriculum #aijj-aiag ,! tw5tie? c5tury did n u%] 9 unexpect$ developm5ts 9 ! ,am]ican educational sy/em1 = ! s*ool _h begun to exp]i5ce a trans=mation ( purpose 9 ! p]iod foll[+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until aft] #aijj t ! =ces ar\s$ by ! ,economic ,revolution began to ass]t !mselves to a m>k$ degree & to seek means to equip ! individual = ! complex responsibilities ( 8 social relation%ips4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( ! new c5tury saw a tidal wave ( re=m sweep into all phases ( ,am]ican life4 ,agitation = ! recall ( judicial decisions & ! introduction ( su* measures z ! initiative & ref]5dum atte/$ new convictions 9 ! realm ( politics4 ,! re=m _s f\nd expression 9 muck-rak+ lit]ature1 movem5ts = ! bett]m5t ( dep5d5ts on society1 legislation to alleviate un=tunate indu/rial conditions1 & s*emes ( cop]ation betwe5 employ] & employee bore te/imony to a new social consci\sness & national morality4 ,! public s*ool also gave evid5ce ( ! _s ( ! new era ?r\gh ! *ang$ "* ( its in/ruction4#acj 8,prep>ation = citiz5%ip0 became ! keynote ( ! p]iod1 p]haps bett] express$ by ,john ,dewey's def9ition ( education z 8,! process ( remak+ exp]i5ce1 giv+ x a m socializ$ value ?r\gh increas$ individual exp]i5ce by giv+ ! individual bett] control ov] 8 p[]s40 ,hi/ory & ! o!r social /udies ga9$ 9 popul>ity z especially adapt$ to implant ! "r social attitude4 ,?is wid] outlook on life did n conf9e itself solely to an int]e/ 9 dome/ic affairs1 = ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> _h bani%$ ! long-*]i%$ !ory ( national isolation4 ,! int]national viewpo9t 0 enc\rag$ fur!r by ! fact t by #aijj ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h a*iev$ second place z an export+ nation4 ,z a result1 ! /udy ( =eign hi/ory ga9$ 9 popul>ity1 & increas$ (f]+s 9 ! social /udies curriculum ev9c$ ! gr[+ favor 9 :i* ^! subjects 7 held4 ,9 plann+ ! c\rse ( /udy1 educational associations %[$ mu* activity 9 committee reports4 ,! report ( ! ,committee ( ,sev5 ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association d\btless _h a pron\nc$ influ5ce 9 ! curriculum mak+ ( ! great] "p ( ?is p]iod4 ,9 #aijg1 x 0 foll[$ by ! report ( ! ,committee ( ,five1 :o made slight *anges 9 ! li/ ( /udies recomm5d$ by ! ,committee ( ,sev54 ,h[ev]1 mod]n ,european hi/ory receiv$ great] emphasis ?an 9 ! fir/ report1 a tangible expression ( ! exp&+ horizon ( ! "t4 ,9 #aiji1 ! ,committee ( ,eight attempt$ to /&>dize a c\rse 9 hi/ory = ! elem5t>y s*ools1 9 :i* 0 includ$ n only ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory b a /udy ( ,european hi/ory4#aca ,f #aijj to ! ye> ( our entrance into ! ,_w ,w>1 ?irty-two /ates approv$ laws incorporat+ hi/ory & o!r social /udies 9 ! curriculum ( ! public s*ools1 approximately twice z _m z _h legislat$ f #ahfj to #aijj4acb ,! importance plac$ ^u ! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 f$]al & local civics & /ate hi/ory 9 ! previ\s p]iod p]si/$4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( ! c5tury 7 *>act]iz$ also by laws p]ta9+ to ! tea*+ ( patriotism ?r\gh ! celebration ( hi/oric ev5ts1 by /atutes to inspire rev]5ce = ! flag1 & by enactm5ts indicative ( sectional int]e/4#acc ,9 #aijj1 ,v]mont am5d$ h] law prescrib+ ! high s*ool c\rse ( /udy1 & designat$ political economy1 civil gov]nm5t & g5]al hi/ory among ! bran*es to be taught4#acd ,o!r enactm5ts1 enum]at+ ! pr]equisites = a high s*ool1 includ$ ?irty-?ree weeks ( hi/ory & ! natural1 political1 social1 moral & indu/rial sci5ces4#ace ,9 #aijf1 !re 0 provid$ in/ruction = elem5t>y pupils 9 ! hi/ory & con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! hi/ory1 con/itution & pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,v]mont4#acf ,9 #aiae1 ! tea*+ ( 8citiz5%ip0 0 approv$ = all rural s*ools ( a six ye> c\rse1 & = elem5t>y s*ools ( eight ye>s4#acg ,! t5d5cy to emphasize a /udy ( ! ,con/itution has no bett] illu/ration ?an 9 ! laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 :]e1 9 #aija1 x 0 made compulsory = e high s*ool to give 8reasonable in/ruction 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ! con/itution ( ,new ,hamp%ire40#ach ,lat] enactm5ts fur!r /ress$ ! importance ( a k ( ! /ate & f$]al con/itutions by prescrib+ t 89 all mix$ s*ools & 9 all grades above ! prim>y1 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! /ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire be read al\d by ! s*ol>s at lea/ once dur+ ! la/ ye> ( ! c\rse bel[ ! high s*ool40#aci ,! tea*+ ( citiz5%ip 0 ! purpose ( a ,connecticut law ( #aijc & ( #aiae1 prescrib+ regul> in/ruction = all pupils above ! f\r? grade 9 8! duties ( citiz5%ip1 includ+ ! k ( ! =m ( national1 /ate1 & local gov]nm5t40#adj ,tra9+ 9 citiz5%ip 0 ! purpose ( a ,delaw>e law ( #aiaa1 :i* prescrib$ t tea*]s tra9 _! pupils 9 8hone/y1 k9dness1 ju/ice1 & moral c\rage 444 = ! purpose ( less5+ crime & rais+ ! /&>d ( good citiz5%ip40 ,f\r ye>s lat] x 0 foll[$ by an enactm5t requir+ ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & in/ruction 9 8! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates0 & ( ! /ate4#ada ,9 #aiaa ,p5nsylvania prescrib$ = ! elem5t>y s*ools ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ! /ate & civil gov]nm5t4#adb ,^! subjects receiv$ ! /atutory endorsem5t ( ,k5tucky 9 #aijd1 ,virg9ia 9 #aijd & #aijf1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a 9 #aija1 #aije1 #aijg1 #aijh & #aiac4adc ,s\? ,c>ol9a 9 sev]al laws f #ahib requir$ = s*ools "u ! direction ( bo>ds ( tru/ees & ( c\nty bo>ds ( education1 ! 8hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ?is /ate1 ! pr9ciples ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ?is /ate1 morals & good behavior40#add ,texas gave h] sanction to ! same subjects 9 #aije1ade & ,alabama prescrib$ t 9 all s*ools & colleges support$ 9 :ole or 9 "p by public money1 or "u /ate control1 !re %\ld be in/ruction 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! /ate ( ,alabama4#adf ,9 ,georgia1 ! law prescrib$ z "p ( ! curriculum = ! common s*ools t 8! elem5ts ( civil gov]nm5t %all be includ$ 9 ! bran*es ( /udy taught 9 ! common or public s*ools1 & %all be /udi$ & taught z ?or\ghly & 9 ! same mann] z o!r l requir$ bran*es are /udi$ & taught 9 said public s*ools40#adg ,we/ ,virg9ia atta9$ "s individuality 9 add+ to /ate & national hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t1 8g5]al & ,we/ ,virg9ia geography40#adh ,9 ! s*ools ( ,florida in/ruction 9 8hi/ory0 0 requir$ = ! int]m$iate grades1 & 9 ! gramm> grades ! 8hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t ( ,florida & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40#adi ,additional emphasis 0 plac$ ^u ! tea*+ ( civics 9 #aiji :5 an act provid$ t ! 8elem5ts ( civil gov]nm5t be taught 9 ! common & public s*ools ( ! /ate1 444 to be /udi$ & taught z ?or\ghly & 9 ! same mann] z any o!r requir$ subjects40#aej ,l\isiana committ$ h]self to ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 9 e s*ool di/rict z an elem5t>y bran* by an act ( #aijb2aea & ,mississippi1 9 #aiaf1 prescrib$ = ! 8curriculum ( ! free public s*ools10 civil gov]nm5t ) special ref]5ce to local & /ate gov]nm5t1 ! hi/ory ( ! nation & ( ! /ate4#aeb ,9 #aijd1 ,ohio e/abli%$ civil gov]nm5t & ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z requir$ subjects = an elem5t>y s*ool education4#aec ,9 #aiaj1 x 0 made obligatory ^u ea* c\nty bo>d ( s*ool exam9]s to exam9e pupils ( t[n%ip s*ools 9 civil gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4#aed ,9 ! ,code ( #aiaj1 !re 7 includ$1 9 bo? ! elem5t>y & high s*ool c\rses ( /udy1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & civil gov]nm5t1 & 9 ! high s*ool ! hi/ory ( 8o!r c\ntries0 z well4#aee ,by an act approv$ ,may #ah1 #aiaa1 b repeal$ 9 #aiad1 tea*]s 9 elem5t>y s*ools 7 requir$ to qualify 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ civil gov]nm5t1 & 9 ! high s*ool 9 g5]al hi/ory1 ) an election ( civil gov]nm5t4#aef ,an ,ill9ois law ( ?is p]iod 0 simil> to t ( ,delaw>e 9 phraseology & _s1 & prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( 8hone/y1 k9dness1 ju/ice & moral c\rage0 to less5 crime & develop a good citiz5%ip4#aeg ,wiscons91 z e>ly z #ahfe1 _h requir$ z ess5tial = a di/rict s*ool education1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t1 local hi/ory & gov]nm5t1 a practice cont9u$ ?r\gh #aiag4 ,9 s*ools (f]+ indu/rial education1 citiz5%ip became an obligatory /udy by ! /atutes ( #aiac4aeh ,m9nesota made a k ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory pr]equisite = entrance into high s*ools1#aei & ,indiana exp&$ h] li/ ( ! requir$ numb] ( /udies to include1 9 all commission$ high s*ools1 civil gov]nm5t1 g5]al & /ate1 anci5t1 m$ieval or mod]n hi/ory & ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#afj ,= ! curriculum ( ! common s*ools1 !re 0 requir$ 9 ,indiana ! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 a practice develop$ f a law fir/ 9 =ce 9 ,augu/ #ahfi4afa ,s\? ,dakota1#afb ,nor? ,dakota1#afc & ,kansas#afd also committ$ !mselves to ! subjects popul> 9 ?is p]iod4 ,9 ,nebraska1 8a /udy ( ,am]ican hi/ory = at lea/ "o seme/] 9 ! elev5? & twelf? grades10 became a requirem5t = normal tra9+ c\rses 9 ! high s*ool4#afe ,miss\ri made a k ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory ess5tial = entrance into ! high s*ools1 z well z prescrib+ t no s*ool c\ld be class$ z a high s*ool :i* did n include a f\r ye>s' c\rse 9 hi/ory4#aff ,oklahoma1 9 #aije1 illu/rat$ well ! social viewpo9t *>act]i/ic ( ! "t 9 h] law requir+ 89 ea* & e public s*ool x %\ld be ! duty ( ea* & e tea*] to tea* morality 9 ! broade/ mean+ ( ! ^w1 = ! purpose ( elevat+ & ref9+ ! "* ( s*ool *ildr5 up to ! highe/ plane ( life2 t !y may "k h[ to conduct !mselves z social be+s 9 relation to ea* o!r1 z respects "r & wrong & rectitude ( life1 & !reby less5 wrong do+ & crime40#afg ,9 #aijg1 ano!r law prescrib$ 8! elem5ts ( economics0 = all public s*ools receiv+ support f ! /ate4#afh ,a place ( prom95ce 9 ! normal tra9+ curriculum 0 accord$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory by ,oregon 9 #aiaa4afi ,9 #aiac1 ,wyom+ enact$ a law requir+ ( h] sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction ! prep>ation ( a c\rse ( /udy = ! elem5t>y s*ools 9 ! usual subjects1 includ+ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & ! hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t ( ,wyom+1#agj & by an act ( #aiag hi/ory & civics 7 requir$ 9 ! tea*] tra9+ dep>tm5ts ( ! high s*ool4#aga ,cali=nia1 too1 succumb$ to ! tr5d ( ! times1 & 9 #aijc & 9 succe$+ ye>s prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t = a public s*ool education4#agb ,9 ! revision ( h] t]ritorial laws 9 #aija1 ,arizona aga9 includ$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory z a s*ool subject2#agc & by legislation 9 #aiab1 ,new ,mexico %[$ h] approval ( ! social /udies 9 8,an ,act to ,enc\rage ! ,in/ruction 9 ! ,hi/ory & ,civics ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,mexico40 ,?is law =bade any p]son to tea* 9 ! public s*ools unless he _h pass$ a satisfactory exam9ation 9 ! hi/ory & civics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z well z 9 ! hi/ory & civics ( ! /ate4 8,x %all be ! duty ( ! tea*]s 9 ! public s*ools ( ! /ate10 ! law read1 8to give su* in/ruction z is practicable 9 ! hi/ory & civics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) special ref]5ce to ! hi/ory & civics ( ! /ate ( ,new ,mexico2 :i* said in/ruction may be giv5 orally or by /udy ( textbooks cov]+ ! subject & :i* said textbooks %all h be5 adopt$ by ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education40 ,! /atute specifi$ t ! textbook 9 /ate hi/ory & civics mu/ be prep>$ 8by a kn[n hi/orian ( ! /ate0 & 8be sold at a price to be fix$ by ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education n to exce$ "o doll> p] volume40#agd ,( ! ?irty-two /ates :i* _h enact$ laws dur+ ?is p]iod = ! tea*+ ( ! social /udies1 sub/antially all requir$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 f$]al & local civics4 ,/ate hi/ory1 :i* _h atta9$ "s popul>ity 9 ! prec$+ p]iod1 receiv$ att5tion 9 _m /atutes4 ,laws requir+ ! tea*+ ( ,european hi/ory 9 "s =m 7 f\nd 9 ,v]mont1 ,indiana1 ,ohio & ,miss\ri1 & economics 0 prescrib$ 9 ! laws ( ,oklahoma & ,v]mont4 ,,c]tification ,,( ,,tea*]s ,! t5d5cy to enl>ge & enri* ! social /udies curriculum 0 m evid5t 9 ! requirem5ts = tea*]s' c]tificates ?an 9 ! c\rses ( /udy prescrib$ by law4 ,^! requirem5ts1 9 g5]al1 includ$ anci5t1 m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory1 g5]al hi/ory1 ,engli% hi/ory1 economics & sociology1 besides civil gov]nm5t1 /ate hi/ory & hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,especially 0 !re an increas$ (f]+ ( subjects = high s*ool tea*]s4 ,9 ! elem5t>y & c\nty lic5ses only civics & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 7 requir$ ) ! greate/ frequ5cy4 ,among ^? /ates :i* pass$ new laws or renact$ old legislation (f]+ anci5t1 m$ieval or mod]n hi/ory 7 ,cali=nia1 ,idaho1 ,oregon1 ,m9nesota1 ,wiscons91 ,ohio1 ,miss\ri1 & ,texas4#age ,engli% hi/ory appe>$ among ! subjects 9 ! laws ( ,idaho1 ,nevada1 ,kansas1 & ,wiscons92#agf g5]al hi/ory 0 "o ( ! requirem5ts = c]tification 9 ! laws ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,ohio1 ,arkansas1 ,l\isiana1 ,texas1 ,ill9ois1 ,m9nesota1 ,nebraska1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,utah1 ,nevada1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,idaho4#agg ,economics1 or1 z x 0 m commonly kn[n1 political economy1 0 prescrib$ 9 ,i[a1 ,nebraska1 & ,wyom+4#agh ,s\? ,dakota p]mitt$ = exam9ation ei!r sociology or economics1#agi & ,wiscons9 & ,arkansas insi/$ ^u a k ( 8rural economics40#ahj 8,curr5t ev5ts0 or 8curr5t hi/ory0 7 among ! requirem5ts ( ,s\? ,dakota 9 h] law ( #aiai1 & ( ,nevada1 9 #aijg1 & 9 #aiba1 = c]tification ( prim>y1 gramm> & high s*ool classes4#aha ,/ate hi/ory & ! /udy ( ! /ate con/itution receiv$ recognition 9 ! requirem5ts ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 ,mississippi1 ,alabama1 ,oklahoma1 ,texas1 ,wiscons91 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,ill9ois1 ,kansas1 & ,new ,mexico4#ahb ,( all ( ! social /udies requir$ = c]tification1 h[ev]1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 7 ! mo/ popul>1 be+ prescrib$ 9 "s law 9 e /ate except+ ,arizona4#ahc ,9 "s ( ! /ates :]e !re 0 no special enactm5t prescrib+ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory or civics1 ! exam9+ bo>d may h be5 giv5 ! privilege ( nam+ ! subjects = exam9+ ! c&idates1 or1 ?r\gh cu/om1 !y may h become a "p ( ! subjects 9 :i* exam9ations 7 held4 ,x is also true t colleges & normal s*ools h tak5 ov] ! prep>ation ( tea*]s 9 ! subjects :i* !y are to tea*1 mak+ unnecess>y _m ( ! exam9ations previ\sly held4 ,,flag ,,legislation ,,& ,,obs]vance ,,days ,a means ( implant+ patriotism 9 ! pupils ( ! public s*ools has be5 legislation p]ta9+ to ! display ( ! ,am]ican flag1 ! developm5t ( a prop] attitude t[>d x1 & ! s++ ( ! national an!m4 ,t5 /ates gave expression to ?is =m ( tra9+ = patriotism 9 ?is p]iod4 ,simil> to su* enactm5ts 0 ! legal provision made = ! obs]vance ( ! bir?days ( great m5 & ! commemoration ( hi/oric ev5ts by classroom ex]cises4 ,9 addition1 !re 0 a con/antly gr[+ numb] ( legal holidays ^u :i* no s*ool 0 9 session4#ahd ,laws respect+ ! flag 71 & are1 ( ?ree g5]al k9ds3 7#a7 t ea* s*ool mu/ possess a flag = display 9 a conspicu\s place1 7#b7 t prop] respect = ! flag be taught1 & 7#c7 t suitable ex]cises be engag$ 9 at def9itely /at$ int]vals4 ,?is la/ type ( law (t5 proves ! occasion = ! recit+ 9 unison ( ! salute to ! flag1 ! s-call$ 8,am]ican ,cre$10 or ! preamble to ! ,con/itution4 ,9 ! second v>iety ( law a pl$ge ( allegiance is ! keynote ( ! s5tim5t express$1 su* z3 8,i pl$ge allegiance to my flag & to ! ,republic = :i* x /&s2 "o nation indivisible1 ) lib]ty & ju/ice = all02 or1 8,we give our he>ts & our h&s to ,god & our ,c\ntry2 "o c\ntry1 "o flag1 & "o language40#ahe ,9 #ahih1 ,new ,york enact$ 8flag0 legislation :i* _h ! ?ree-fold *>act]i/ics ( su* laws4 ,)9 ! next few ye>s ?is law 0 foll[$ by /atutes ( l k9d 9 ,massa*usetts1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1 & ,arizona4 ,h[ev]1 z lat] legislation appe>$1 x took on a m elaborate phraseology1 ) a m op5 av[al ( patriotic purpose4#ahf ,?is is well illu/rat$ by an act ( #aiji 9 ,indiana1 :i* ord]$ t 8! /ate bo>d ( education %all require ! s++ ( ! #8,/> ,spangl$ ,bann]' 9 its entirety 9 ! s*ools ( ! /ate ( ,indiana1 ^u all patriotic occasions10 ) ! necess>y admonition 8t ! said bo>d ( education %all arrange to supply ! words 9 suffici5t quantity = ! purposes indicat$ !re940#ahg 8,an ,act to provide = ! display ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates flag on ! s*ool h\ses ( ! /ate1 9 connection ) ! public s*ools1 & to enc\rage patriotic ex]cises 9 su* s*ools10 became a law 9 ,kansas1 ,m>* #g1 #aijg4 ,by ?is act ! /ate sup]9t5d5t 0 in/ruct$ to prep>e a program = ! salute to ! flag at ! op5+ ( ea* day ( s*ool1 z well z 8su* o!r patriotic ex]cises z may be deem$ by him to be exp$i5t40#ahh ,rely+ ^u ! gov]nor's proclamation1 ,new ,j]sey1 9 #aiae1 set aside ! week ( ,septemb] six? to ?irte5? = appropriate ex]cises to be held1 at lea/ "o day 9 ! int]val nam$1 by s*ools & *ur*es 9 commemoration ( ! "o hundr$? bir?day ( ! national an!m4#ahi ,9 h] ,revis$ ,/atutes :i* took effect on ,janu>y #a1 #aiag1 ,ma9e incorporat$ a flag law evolv$ f enactm5ts ( #aijg & #aiae1 :]eby sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools 7 direct$ to display ! flag f public s*ool build+s on suitable occasions4 ,t[ns 7 direct$ to appropriate annually 8a suffici5t am\nt to defray ! necess>y co/ ( ! display ( ! flag10 & x 0 made 8! duty ( in/ructors to impress ^u ! y\? by suitable ref]5ces & obs]vances ! significance ( ! flag1 to tea* !m ! co/1 ! object & pr9ciples ( our gov]nm5t1 ! great sacrifices ( our =efa!rs1 ! important "p tak5 by ! ,union army 9 ! w> ( eighte5 hundr$ sixty-"o to eighte5 hundr$ sixty-five1 to tea* !m to love1 honor & respect ! flag ( our c\ntry t co/ s mu* & is s de> to e true ,am]ican citiz540#aij ,closely ak9 to ! enactm5ts respect+ ! flag & patriotic ex]cises 7 ^? designat+ days = special patriotic obs]vance4#aia ,laws provid+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ,memorial ,day are ( su* a "*4 ,9 g5]al1 ,memorial ,day legislation 0 sectional 9 "* & acclaim$ ! results ( ! ,civil ,w> f ! ,nor!rn]'s /&po9t4 ,9 #ahhf1 ! ,kansas legislature1 mov$ by patriotic feel+1 _h resolv$ to obs]ve ! day 9 fitt+ mann]1 inasmu* z 8dur+ ! pa/ t5 or twelve ye>s ! loyal p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 inspir$ by a s5tim5t ( rev]5t respect = ! memory ( our h]oic dead1 h by spontane\s cons5t1 d$icat$ ! ?irtie? day ( ,may ( ea* ye> to c]emonies 9 honor ( ! soldi]s :o *e]fully sacrific$ _! own lives to save ! life ( ! republic4 #8,!y ne$ no praise ^: de$s are eulogy1' & no?+ t we c n[ say or d w add to ! glory or bright5 ! fame ( ! gallant ho/ :o1 a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago1 came ?rong+ f f>ms1 work%ops1 (fices & s*ools1 to fight1 to suff] & die = ! ,union & fre$om4 ,b ! /ory ( _! sublime self-sacrifice1 & _! dauntless c\rage1 %\ld be kept =ev] fre% & fair 9 ! he>ts & m9ds ( ! "y1 until ! end ( record$ "t4 ,s long z m5 & wom5 tea* _! *ildr5 to rev]e ! memory ( patriot h]oes1 s long z ! peaceful pres5t honors & emulates ! example ( ! w>-worn pa/1 !re ne$ be no fe> t ! dead h di$ 9 va91 or t #8a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 by ! p1 = ! p1' w p]i% f ! e>?4 ,! /eadily gr[+ popul>ity ( ,memorial ,day1 & ! univ]sal int]e/ tak5 9 its beautiful c]emonies1 is "o ( ! mo/ hopeful developm5ts ( ,am]ican s5tim5ts40#aib ,conc$+ ! importance ( a prop] recognition ( ,memorial ,day1 ,v]mont 9 #ahid appo9t$ ! la/ half day's session be=e ,may ! ?irtie? = ex]cises 8commemorative ( ! hi/ory ( ! nation dur+ ! w> ( ! ,rebellion1 & to patriotic in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty & ! equal rights ( man40 ,! popul>ity ( ?is law is atte/$ by its cont9uance on ! ,v]mont /atute books 9 h] ,compilation ( #aiag4aic ,9 #ahij1 ,massa*usetts1 & 9 #ahig1 ,new ,hamp%ire e/abli%$ 9 ^! commonweal?s ! cu/om ( obs]v+ ,may ! ?irtie? by ex]cises ( a patriotic nature 9 ! s*ools4#aid ,new ,york1 9 #ahih1 ,arizona 9 #aijc1 & ,kansas 9 #aijg1 also subscrib$ to ! s5tim5t :i* dictat$ t ,memorial ,day be giv5 special recognition4#aie ,! bir?days ( ,l9coln & ,wa%+ton 7 also giv5 recognition by ,new ,york 9 #ahih1 ,arizona 9 #aijc1 & ,kansas 9 #ai,o#g4aif ,! ye> #aiji witness$ an expression ( patriotic en?usiasm ov] ,l9coln's contribution to ! ,am]ican nation1 awak5$1 no d\bt1 by ! c5t5>y ( 8 bir?4 ,dur+ ?is ye> ,cali=nia1 ,ma9e1 & ,new ,mexico prescrib$ special obs]vance ( ,febru>y ! twelf?4 ,rhode ,isl& foll[$ 9 #aiaj1 ,we/ ,virg9ia 9 #aiaa1 ) ,v]mont 9 #aiab & 9 #aiag4 8,febru>y #ab1 ! bir?day ( ,abraham ,l9coln is h]eby decl>$ a legal holiday10 /at$ ! law ( ,cali=nia1 :i* is typical ( o!rs ( ?is gr\p1 8provid$1 h[ev]1 t all public s*ools ?r\gh\t ! /ate %all hold sessions 9 ! =5oon ( t day 9 ord] to all[ ! cu/om>y ex]cises 9 memory ( ,l9coln2 & provid$ fur!r1 t :5 ,febru>y #ab falls on ,sunday1 !n ! ,monday foll[+1 %all be a legal holiday & %all be s obs]v$2 & provid$ /ill fur!r1 t :5 ,febru>y #ab falls on ,saturday su* ex]cises 9 ! public s*ools %all take place on ! ,friday aft]noon prec$+40#aig ,9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ! day 0 call$ 8,gr& ,army ,flag ,day10 & 01 9 #aiad1 /ill "o ( ^? days ^u :i* special ex]cises 7 held4#aih ,mi*igan prescrib$ ! read+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce to all pupils 9 ! public s*ools above ! fif? grade ^u ! twelf? & tw5ty-second ( ,febru>y1 & ^u ! twelf? ( ,octob]1 ) an obvi\sly patriotic int5t1 9 h] legislation ( #aiaa4aii ,wa%+ton's bir?day occasion$ legislation 9 ,m>yl& 9 #aijd & 9 ,ma9e 9 #aiac1 z a day suitable = ! propagation ( patriotism4#bjj ,9 ! latt] /ate ,columbus ,day1 ,octob] #ab1 0 includ$ 9 ^? obs]vance days ^u :i* ex]cises %\ld 8aim to impress on ! m9ds ( ! y\? ! important lessons ( "* & good citiz5%ip to be le>n$ f ! lives ( ,am]ican lead]s & h]oes & f a contemplation ( _! own duties & obligations to ! community1 /ate1 & nation ( :i* !y con/itut$ a "p40#bja ,columbus ,day receiv$ ! recognition ( sev]al o!r /ate legislatures1 ,mi*igan1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,l\isiana1 & ,oregon especially sett+ x aside = patriotic purposes4#bjb ,flag ,day1 likewise1 0 deem$ wor?y ( obs]vance4 ,new ,york 9 h] legislation ( #ahih1 ,arizona 9 #aijc1 & ,kansas 9 #aijg includ$ x among ^? days set aside = special ex]cises 9 ! s*ools4#bjc ,connecticut decre$1 9 #aije1 t ! gov]nor1 annually 9 ! spr+1 %\ld designate by (ficial proclamation ! f\rte5? day ( ,june z ,flag ,day1 ^u :i* 8suitable ex]cises1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! adoption ( ! national flag be held 9 ! public s*ools40#bjd ,9 #aijf1 a proclamation ( ! gov]nor ( ,new ,j]sey1 c\*$ 9 gr&iloqu5t phraseology1 recomm5d$ t suitable ex]cises be held 9 ! public s*ools = commemorat+ ! bir?day ( ! ,am]ican flag4 ,x urg$ a m ext5d$ k ( ! flag's hi/ory4 8,! hi/ory ( our flag is ! hi/ory ( ! gr[? ( our nation10 he proclaim$1 8& ! celebration ( ! anniv]s>y ( its bir? is n only a patriotic duty b an educational privilege4 ,on ! day ( its inception x /ood z an emblem ( ! unity ( a few mode/ little colonies4 ,to-day x is ! symbol ( a mighty nation4 ,x has float$ ov] _m a battlefield1 inspir+ ! sons ( patriotism ) a c\rage & /r5g? t made possible ! triumph ( ! "r & ! pres]vation ( ! ,union4 ,x has be5 c>ri$ to f> di/ant l&s & has ar\s$ ! en?usiasm ( ?\s&s to :om its adv5t meant emancipation f cruelty & oppression40#bje ,rem9isc5t ( ! local hi/ory movem5t ( ! decades foll[+ ! ,civil ,w> 0 legislation prescrib+ ! celebration ( days ( int]e/ peculi> to diff]5t /ates4 ,9 #ahig1 ,massa*usetts pass$ a resolution recomm5d+ to ! gov]nor t he issue a proclamation to public s*ool tea*]s sugge/+ commemorative ex]cises = ! c5t5nial ( ! inauguration ( 8,john ,adams ( ,massa*usetts10 9 ord] 8to impress ^u _! pupils ! significance ( ! inauguration ( ! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! importance ( ! "p su/a9$ by ! commonweal? 9 ,am]ican hi/ory40#bjf 8,rhode ,isl& ,indep5d5ce ,day0 0 acclaim$ 9 #aiji1 = ,may ! f\r?4 ,at ?is "t1 s ! /atute read1 ! celebration ( ! 8fir/ (ficial act ( its k9d by any ( ! ?irte5 ,am]ican colonies0 9 a decl>ation ( sov]eignty & indep5d5ce took place4 ,f ! date ( ! passage ( ! law1 e f\r? ( ,may 9 ! future1 x 0 det]m9$1 %\ld become ! occasion = ! salute ( ?irte5 guns by deta*m5ts ( ! /ate artill]y1 at all places 9 ! /ate :]e artill]y 0 /ation$1 besides a display ( /ate & national flags1 z well z patriotic ex]cises 9 ! public s*ools4#bjg ,m>* ! eighte5? assum$ a di/9ctive place 9 ! s*ool cal5d> ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a by a law enact$ 9 #aijf1 be+ kn[n z 8,s\? ,c>ol9a ,day40 ,! selection ( ?is date sprang f a desire to honor ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 & f ! hope t an obs]vance ( ?is day w\ld 8conduce to a m g5]al k & appreciation ( ! hi/ory1 res\rces & possibilities ( ! ,/ate40#bjh ,9 l _s ,georgia1 9 #aiji1 endeavor$ to awak5 local pride 9 ! pupils ( ! public s*ools by a celebration ( 8,georgia ,day0 on ,febru>y twelf?1 8z ! l&+ ( ! fir/ coloni/s 9 ,georgia "u ,ogle?orpe40#bji ,conf$]ate h]oes receiv$ special tribute by patriotic ex]cises on ,janu>y n9ete5?1 ! bir?day ( ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee1 ?r\gh a law ( ,arkansas4 ,! program ( ex]cises1 ! law prescrib$1 %\ld deal ) ev5ts connect$ ) ! life ( ,g5]al ,lee & 8o!r di/+ui%$ ,s\!rn m50 ) att5tion to ^? m5 ( r5[n 9 civil & milit>y life4#baj ,9 ,m>yl&1 ! /ate bo>d ( education1 by a law ( #aijd1 0 giv5 ! privilege ( nam+ a "t suitable = ! obs]vance ( 8,m>yl& ,day40#baa 8,! geography1 hi/ory1 indu/ries & res\rces0 ( ,m9nesota1 ?r\gh a law ( #aiaa1 receiv$ especial att5tion 9 ! public s*ools on 8,m9nesota ,day40#bab ,montana1 ?r\gh a celebration ( 8,pione] ,day0 endeavor$ to in/ruct 9 ! pione] hi/ory ( ! region4#bac ,miss\ri paid homage to h] /ate hi/ory 9 a law ( #aiae ?r\gh obs]vance by tea*]s & pupils on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,octob]4 ,at ?is "t1 ! law prescrib$ ! 8me?odical consid]ation ( ! products ( ! m9e1 field & =e/ ( ! /ate0 & ! 8consid]ation ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ! sons & daught]s ( ,miss\ri 9 comm]ce1 lit]ature1 /atesman%ip & art1 & 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( activity 9 :i* ! /ate has r5d]$ s]vice to mank9d40#bad ,! ,am]ican ,indians1 ?r\gh a law ( #aiai1 9 ,ill9ois1 7 likewise deem$ wor?y ( commemorative ex]cises4#bae ,! p]si/+ desire ( ! lawmak] to in/il patriotism1 ei!r local or national1 9 pupils 9 ! public s*ools has be5 ! inc5tive = laws respect+ ! flag & obs]vance days4 ,local pride is evid5t 9 ! ,nor!rn laws = ! obs]vance ( ,memorial ,day & ! bir?day ( ,l9coln2 :]eas 9 ! ,s\? a sectional int]e/ is %[n 9 days memorializ+ ! h]oes ( _! section4 ,! ,middle & ,f> ,we/ h also attempt$ to inculcate local pride4 ,!re is a de>? ( legislation 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates = ! commemoration ( ,flag ,day by special ex]cises1 b ,wa%+ton & ,columbus h be5 accord$ homage by bo? ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,,textbook ,,legislation ,textbook legislation f #aijj to #aiag foll[$ ! tr5d ( o!r legislation ( ! "t4 ,z ! curriculum ( ! social /udies exp&$1 laws deal+ ) textbooks 7 made to include m subjects = :i* !re 0 to be a uni=m s]ies select$4 ,/ate hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t1 bo? local & national1 z well z =eign hi/ory & o!r social /udies1 7 f\nd m frequ5tly among ! subjects enum]at$4 ,! reaction :i* _h set 9 aga9/ ! en=c$ nationalism ( ! ,recon/ruction p]iod 9 ! ,s\? cont9u$ to express itself 9 ^? /ates 9 :i* !re _h hi!rto be5 no op5 remon/rance4 ,9 #aijd1 ! ,mississippi legislature in/ruct$ ! textbook commission to select a uni=m s]ies ( textbooks 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 civil gov]nm5t1 /ate hi/ory & o!r subjects1 & took occasion to prescribe t 8no hi/ory 9 relation to ! late civil w> betwe5 ! /ates %all be us$ 9 ! s*ools 9 ?is /ate unless x be fair & imp>tial144440#baf ,presumably ( l "* 0 ! action ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a 9 #aije4 ,9 8,an ,act to ,promote ! ,production & ,publication ( ,s*ool ,books relat+ to ! ,hi/ory1 ,lit]ature or ,gov]nm5t ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a = use 9 ! ,public ,s*ools10 !re 0 appropriat$ #e1jjj = ! ye>s ( #aije & #aijf = ! /ate bo>d ( education 8to enc\rage1 /imulate & promote ! production & to procure ! control & publication ( su* books z 9 ! judgm5t ( ! bo>d prop]ly relate to ! hi/ory1 lit]ature & gov]nm5t ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a40#bag ,florida's sectionalism 0 op5ly av[$ 9 h] 8,act = ,provid+ a ,me?od ( ,secur+ a ,correct ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,includ+ a ,true & ,correct ,hi/ory ( ! ,conf$]acy1 & ,mak+ an ,appropriation = su* ,purpose40 ,! act decl>$3 8,:]eas1 no book call$ ,hi/ory1 :i* does n tell ! tru? or )holds x1 is wor?y ( ! "n or %\ld be taught 9 public s*ools2 &1 8,:]eas1 ! ,s\? is ri* 9 hi/orical facts t are ei!r ignor$ or nev] m5tion$ 9 ! s-call$ hi/ories taught 9 our s*ools2 &1 8,:]eas1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h be5 d]elict 9 _! duty to po/]ity 9 n hav+ provid$ = pa/ & future g5]ations a hi/ory t is fair1 j & imp>tial to all sections02 !re=e x 0 enact$ t ,florida appropriate #aejj z h] %>e t[>d a fund ( #af1ejj to be (f]$ z a prize to ! p]son writ+ ! 8be/ hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* ! tru? ab\t ! p>ticipation ( ! elev5 /ates0 be told4#bah ,9 ! creation ( a textbook bo>d 9 #aijg1 ,texas reg>d$ x ess5tial t a uni=m s]ies ( books be select$ among :i* !re %\ld be textbooks on ! hi/ory ( ,texas1 civil gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 9 :i* 8! con/ruction plac$ on ! f$]al con/itution by ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,conf$]acy %all be fairly pres5t$40#bai ,a uni=m s]ies ( textbooks n ( a p>tisan "* 7 prescrib$ by laws 9 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 & ,kansas1 & includ$ ! subjects ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 /ate hi/ory1 & civil gov]nm5t4#bbj ,l\isiana1 ,indiana1 & ,kansas add$ anci5t1 m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory textbooks to o!rs previ\sly prescrib$4#bba ,9 #aija ,nevada includ$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates among ! textbooks to be prescrib$ by ! /ate bo>d ( education1#bbb & ,idaho1 9 #aijg1 impos$ ! *oice ( a civil gov]nm5t textbook & "o 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory ^u h] ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,textbook ,commission]s & ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction4#bbc ,9 #aiac1 ,cali=nia direct$ h] /ate bo>d ( education to revise ! /ate s]ies ( textbooks :i* includ$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4#bbd ,?ree /ates1 ,ohio1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia plac$ laws ^u _! /atute books reg>d+ /ate hi/ory1 ,ohio accept+ ,h[e's ,hi/orical ,collections ( ,ohio z a ref]5ce book1#bbe & ,new ,mexico limit+ to "o doll> a volume ! price ( a /ate hi/ory :i* 0 to be prep>$ by a 8kn[n hi/orian ( ! /ate40#bbf ,davies' ,facts 9 ,civil ,gov]nm5t1 by an act ( #aija ( ,we/ ,virg9ia 0 aga9 endors$ & ! price fix$ at #ee c5ts4#bbg ,f\r /ates1 dur+ ! p]iod1 9 addition to ?ree commonweal?s :i* nam$ 8p>tisan0 textbooks1 enact$ laws to exclude hi/ories held to be sectional 9 _s4 ,legislation 9 all o!r cases dealt ) provisions = a uni=m s]ies ( textbooks4 ,! /atutes ( ,l\isiana1 ,indiana1 & ,kansas %[$ ! expansion ( ! social /udy curriculum 9 provid+ = textbooks 9 anci5t1 m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory4 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi & ,kansas regulat$ ! pur*ase ( textbooks 9 /ate & national hi/ory & 9 civics4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 ,ohio1 ,new ,mexico & ,we/ ,virg9ia provisions 7 made relative to /ate hi/ory textbooks1 & ,idaho & ,nevada 9 _! laws recogniz$ a ne$ = textbooks 9 civil gov]nm5t or ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4 ,,footnotes3 #acj ,?is p]iod recogniz$ ! importance ( vocational tra9+ z an important function ( ! public s*ool1 & develop$ an int]e/ 9 o!r 8expression subjects40 ,! cont5t subjects 7 also exp&$ & lib]aliz$4 ,accord+ to ,cubb]ley1 8,! mod]n s*ool aims to tra9 pupils = great] social usefulness & to give !m a m intellig5t grasp ( ! social & indu/rial1 z well z ! moral & civic /ructure ( our mod]n democratic life40 ,cubb]ley1 ,ellwood ,p41 ,public ,education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,bo/on1 #aiai71 p4 #cgj4 #aca ,only ! out/&+ committee reports are m5tion$4 ,cf4 ,johnson1 op4 cit4 ,an ,n4 ,e4 ,a4 committee report appe>$ 9 #aiaf b play$ no "p 9 ! social /udies curriculum ( ! p]iod4 ,x express$1 h[ev]1 ! practical & social viewpo9t ( ! "t4 #acb ,eighte5 /ates4 #acc ,see *apt] ,,vi = a discussion ( ! activities ( ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 9 ! ,nor? & ( pro-,s\!rn gr\ps 9 ! ,s\? to direct ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks4 #acd ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #aijj1 no4 #be1 p4 #ai4 ,! law ( #aiab 0 sub/antially ! same z t ( #aijj4 ,laws1 #aiab1 sec4 #ajaf1 p4 #fh4 #ace ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #aijb1 no4 #bg1 sec4 #c1 p4 #ci2 ibid41 #aijd1 no4 #acg1 sec4 #d1 p4 #fb2 ,public ,/atutes1 #aijf1 *4 #dg1 sec4 #ajaf1 p4 #bgg4 #acf ,public ,/atutes ( ,v]mont1 #aijf1 *4 #df1 sec4 #ajjc1 p4 #bge4 ,cf4 ,laws1 #ahhh1 *4 #e1 sec4 #ie1 p4 #bd4 #acg ,public ,acts ( ,v]mont1 #aiae1 sec4 #dd1 p4 #aca4 #ach ,supplem5t to ! ,public ,/atutes ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aija-aiac1 p4 #ag 7#aija1 *4 #if1 sec4 #d1 #aijc1 #ca3a2 #aijc1 #aah3b2 #aije1 #ai3a74 #aci ,supplem5t to ! ,public ,/atutes ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aija-aiac1 *4 #ib1 sec4 #f1 p4 #agb4 7,laws1 #aijc1 #ca3b2 #aiji1 #di3a2 #aiaa1 #acf3b47 #adj ,public ,acts ( ,connecticut1 #aijc1 *4 #if1 p4 #fe2 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #aiah1 *4 #de1 sec4 #heb1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cab4 #ada ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #aiaa1 p4 #aig2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiae1 *4 #ga1 #bbhi1 sec4 #ag1 p4 #aajb2 ibid41 *4 #ga1 #bbhh1 sec4 #af1 p4 #aajj4 #adb ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aiaa1 sec4 #afjg1 p4 #cid4 #adc ,k5tucky ,/atutes1 #aiji1 *4 #aac1 p>4 #ddba;a 7#b71 p4 #agfe2 also ,acts1 #aijd1 p4 #aa4 ,?is law 0 on ! /atute books 9 #aiji2 also ,acts1 #aiaf1 *4 #bd1 art4 ,,iii1 p>4 #bd1 p4 #agc4 ,code ( ,virg9ia1 #aijd1 *4 #ff1 sec4 #adig1 p4 #haj2 ,acts1 #aijf1 p>4 #adig1 p4 #ddc4 ,public ,laws ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #aija1 *4 #d1 sec4 #cg2 #aije1 *4 #ecc1 s#i2 #aijg1 *4 #fda1 s#hec1 #ieg2 ,revis$ ,code1 #aijh1 *4 #hi1 p>4 #djfj1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bjdi2 ibid41 #aiac1 p>4 #achc1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ccb4 #add ,code ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #aijb1 sec4 #abja1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dfb2 ibid41 #aiab1 sec4 #agca1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dhj4 ,cf4 page #af4 #ade ,g5]al ,laws ( ,texas1 #aije1 sec4 #ajj1 p4 #bhi2 ,mc,eachon's ,annotat$ ,civil ,/atutes1 #aiac1 art4 #bghc1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aaad4 ,! same subjects are requir$ ?r\gh #aiac4 #adf ,code ( ,alabama1 #aijg1 #afhe 7#d71 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #gda ,see page #ag = ! same law 9 ! ,code ( #ahig4 #adg ,code ( ,georgia1 #aiaj1 *4 #d1 art4 #d1 sec4 #c1 p>4 #adfd1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cgf4 ,! law 0 pass$ 9 #aijc4 #adh ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaf1 *4 #de1 p>4 #gh1 p4 #egh2 sub/antially ! same 9 ,acts1 #ahgb1 *4 #abc2 #ahha1 *4 #ae2 #ahhg1 *4 #c2 #ahia1 *4 #fc2 #ahie1 *4 #cf2 #aijh1 *4 #bg2 #aiae1 *4 #ef4 #adi ,compil$ ,laws ( ,florida1 #aiad1 #cij1 art4 #d1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ada2 ,laws1 #aije1 *4 #echb1 sec4 #f1 p4 #cd1 also ,laws1 #aijc1 p4 #ahj4 #aej ,laws ( ,florida1 #aiji1 *4 #eich1 p4 #abf 7,no4 #fi74 #aea ,con/itution & ,revis$ ,laws ( ,l\isiana1 #ahgf to #aijb 7,act #bad1 #aijb71 sec4 #bc1 p4 #fab2 aga9 ibid41 #aijh1 p4 #de2 ,annotat$ ,revision1 #aiae1 #becb1 sec4 #af1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #hdf4 ,! law 0 un*ang$ 9 ! ,revisions ( #aijh & ( #aiae4 #aeb ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #aiaf1 *4 #ahg 7#dedj71 p4 #bgg4 #aec ,g5]al & ,local ,acts ( ,ohio1 #aijd1 sec4 #djjg-a1 p4 #cei4 #aed ,ibid41 #aiaj1 p4 #ajc4 #aee ,code ( ,ohio1 #aiaj1 sec4 #gfdh1 sec4 #gfdi1 p4 #afbb4 #aef ,g5]al & ,local ,acts ( ,ohio1 #aiaa1 sec4 #ghcj1 p4 #acj4 ,repeal$ ,febru>y #ag1 #aiad4 ,ibid41 #aiad1 p4 #aji4 #aeg ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ill9ois1 #aiac1 *4 #abb1 #eji1 p4 #bbfg4 ,9 =ce ,july #a1 #aiji4 ,aga9 f\nd1 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiag1 *4 #abb1 #eji1 p4 #bgcf4 #aeh ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #aiag1 #dj1 #cj1 p4 #cge2 ibid41 #aiae1 *4 #bgs4 #ddg 7#ahfc1 c#aee s#ee2 #ahff1 c#aaa s#f2 #ahfi1 c#ej s#a2 #ahga1 c#ad s#a2 ,r4 ,s4 #ahgh1 s#ddg2 ,suppl41 #aijf1 s#ddg2 #aijg1 c#aah1 #bjj2 #aiaa1 c#dji74 ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #aiac1 *4 #bg s#eec p-#e1 p4 #cce2 ibid41 #aiag1 s#da4ag 7#a71 p4 #daa4 ,?is law 0 repeal$ 9 #aiag4 ,! requirem5t 0 ! same 9 #aiae4 ,ibid41 #aiae1 c#bge1 s#eec1 p-#e1 p4 #cce4 ,9 ,wiscons91 9 normal tra9+ c\rses 9 ! high s*ool1 ,am]ican hi/ory 0 requir$ = at lea/ "o seme/] 9 ! elev5? & twelf? grades4 #aei ,revis$ ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aiae1 *4 #ad1 #acdj1 p4 #bgc4 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #aiac1 #bbii1 p4 #fbi2 ,g5]al ,laws1 #ahie1 *4 #ag1 sec4 #b1 p4 #ach4 ,?is legislation _h be5 prec$$ by legislation ( #ahie1 prescrib+ civil gov]nm5t = c\nty s*ools4 #afj ,laws ( ,indiana1 #aijg1 *4 #aib1 p4 #cbd4 ,burns' ,annotat$ ,/atutes1 #aiad1 #fehb 7#eihd71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #chd1 & #fehd1 p4 #che4 #afa ,ibid4 #afb ,compil$ ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aijc1 #bcgh1 p4 #dcb4 ,! tea*+ ( civil gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 9 ! common s*ools4 #afc ,revis$ ,code ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #aiac1 p>4 #achc1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ccb4 ,! requirem5t includ$ ,am]ican hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t4 #afd ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aijc1 *4 #dce1 p4 #fgb4 ,hi/ory ( ,unit$ ,/ates & ,kansas hi/ory4 ,laws1 #aiac1 *4 #bga1 p4 #ded1 add$ civil gov]nm5t4 ,g5]al ,/atutes1 #aiae1 *4 #aje1 art4 #e1 p>4 #hihe1 p4 #ahah1 = di/rict s*ools1 hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,kansas4 #afe ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,nebraska1 #aiac1 *4 #ga1 art4 ,x1 #fhci1 sec4 #adj1 p4 #aijg4 #aff ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,miss\ri1 #aiji1 p>4 #ajheb1 & ibid41 #aiai1 p>4 #aabah1 & ibid41 #aiji1 p>4 #ajibc1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #cdjj respectively4 ,! la/ law is also 9 ,session ,laws1 #aijc1 p4 #bfd2 ibid41 #aiji1 p4 #ggj4 #afg ,laws ( ,oklahoma1 #aije1 p4 #cgh2 ,compil$ ,laws1 #aiji1 sec4 #hbcc1 p4 #affd4 #afh ,revis$ ,laws ( ,oklahoma1 #aiaj1 art4 ,,iii1 #gffg1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bjhd2 ,session ,laws1 #aijg-h1 p4 #ad4 #afi ,session ,laws ( ,oregon1 #aiaa1 *4 #eh1 sec4 #ei1 p4 #if4 #agj ,session ,laws ( ,wyom+1 #aiac1 ,s5ate ,file ,no4 #da1 p4 #de4 #aga ,ibid41 #aiag1 *4 #abc1 p4 #bae4 #agb ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aijc1 p>4 #ahgd3 #b1 p4 #aie2 ,codes & ,/atutes1 #aije1 p>4 #ahgd3 #b1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dea1 ,/atutes1 #aijg1 p4 #gj2 ,consolidat$ ,supplem5t to ,k]r's ,cyclop$ia1 #aiac1 p>4 #affe1 p4 #aid4 ,cf4 page #bj4 #agc ,revis$ ,laws ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,arizona1 #aija1 #bbad 7sec4 #he71 p4 #fjb4 ,?is is ! same z ,laws ( #ahhe1 p4 #aeg1 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #ahhg1 #aeec1 sec4 #ha1 p4 #bhd4 #agd ,laws ( ,new ,mexico1 #aiaa1 *4 #da1 p4 #fh4 ,approv$ ,june #h1 #aiab4 ,also ,annotat$ ,/atutes1 #aiae1 p>4 #dieh1 sec4 #aeb1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #adbi4 #age ,codes ( ,cali=nia1 #aije1 #aggb1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dbf1 gramm> s*ool c]tificates2 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 7 also requir$ = ?is c]tificate4 ,compil$ ,/atutes ( ,idaho1 #aiai1 p>4 #ihf1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bgf2 fir/ grade c]tificate1 ) a *oice ( m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory or ,engli% hi/ory add$ to ,am]ican hi/ory & civics requir$ = o!r c]tificates4 ,session ,laws1 #aiaa1 p4 #ddh2 ibid41 #aiae1 p4 #ccc2 repeal$ 9 session #aiba1 ,laws1 #aiba1 p4 #dgc4 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,oregon1 #aiaa1 *4 #eh1 sec4 #i1 p4 #hi2 = /ate c]tificate1 g5]al hi/ory 0 requir$4 ,revis$ ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aije1 *4 #ad1 #aced1 p4 #bge1 = pr(essional c]tificates1 anci5t1 m$ieval1 ,engli%1 & ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #aiai1 *4 #fja1 fir/ grade1 mod]n hi/ory & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ,wiscons91 rural economics4 ,laws ( ,ohio1 #aiai1 sec4 #ghca-b1 p4 #fhe1 mod]n hi/ory1 g5]al hi/ory1 economics1 sociology1 civics1 among sixte5 bran*es f :i* five 7 to be *os5 = high s*ool c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,miss\ri1 #aiaa1 sec4 #ajici1 p4 #djh1 fir/ grade c]tificate1 giv+ a *oice ( anci5t1 m$ieval or mod]n or ,engli% hi/ory = exam9ation4 ,laws ( ,texas1 #aiba1 *4 #abi1 sec4 #ajh;a1 p4 #bdc1 high s*ool c]tificate civil gov]nm5t1 anci5t & mod]n hi/ory1 & = elem5t>y c]tificate ( second class1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & ,texas hi/ory4 #agf ,compil$ ,/atutes ( ,idaho1 op4 cit4 ,/atutes ( ,nevada1 #aiab1 *4 #aad1 p4 #aef1 also ,revis$ ,laws1 #aiab1 sec4 #cbfc1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #idg1 g5]al hi/ory1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 civil gov]nm5t1 curr5t ev5ts = ! fir/ & second grade elem5t>y c]tificates2 sec4 #cbfb1 high s*ool c]tificates2 civil gov]nm5t1 g5]al hi/ory1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ) a selection ( ,engli% hi/ory out ( a gr\p ( subjects4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aiae1 *4 #bih1 sec4 #ad1 p4 #cib1 fir/ grade c]tificate1 also 9 ,laws1 #aiaa1 *4 #bgg1 sec4 #b1 p4 #ejf2 ibid41 #aiac1 *4 #bfh1 p4 #dej4 ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #aiac1 sec4 #dej-c1 fir/ grade c]tificate requir$ ,engli% hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 civil gov]nm5t1 local & national2 = ! ?ird grade1 ! latt] two 7 requir$4 #agg ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaf1 *4 #de1 p>4 #hg1 elem5t>y c]tificates1 ,laws1 #aiai1 p4 #hg4 ,annotat$ ,revision ( ,l\isiana1 #aiae1 #begb 7sec4 #a1 art4 #ee1 #aijf1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #hh71 /ate tea*]s' c]tificate4 ,laws ( ,texas1 #aije1 sec4 #aah1 p4 #bic1 p]man5t c]tificate & fir/ grade4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ill9ois1 #aiac1 *4 #abb1 #eda1 ?ird to fir/ grade elem5t>y c]tificate1 also ibid41 #aiag1 *4 #abb1 #eda1 ,laws1 #aiai1 p4 #ijj4 ,revis$ ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aije1 *4 #ad1 #aced1 p4 #bge1 pr(essional /ate c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,nebraska1 #aiai1 *4 #gj1 sec4 #c1 p4 #bfb1 pr(essional /ate & high s*ool c]tificate2 also ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiac1 *4 #ga1 art4 ,,xiii1 #fhei1 sec4 #aeh1 pr(essional /ate c]tificate 7,laws1 #aije1 p4 #eei74 ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiai1 p4 #afi1 repeals provisions ( ,revis$ ,code1 #aiai1 sec4 #c2 = a life diploma1 g5]al hi/ory1 economics or sociology2 also g5]al hi/ory1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ,s\? ,dakota hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 9 a /ate c]tificate2 ,laws ( #aije1 sec4 #bbhf1 p4 #acf1 & ibid41 #aiaa1 p4 #agj4 ,compil$ ,laws ( ,utah1 #aijg1 p>4 #agfg1 pp4 #fhd-fhe1 & ibid41 #aiag1 p>4 #deji1 p4 #iad1 /ate pr(essional c]tificates = gramm> grades & high s*ool4 ,/atutes ( ,nevada1 #aiab1 *4 #hj1 p4 #aeg1 fir/ grade elem5t>y s*ool c]tificate2 *4 #aad1 sec4 #bd1 high s*ool c]tificates 7approv$ bill ,m>* #ag1 #aiac72 also ,/atutes1 #aiab1 high s*ool & elem5t>y s*ool c]tificates2 ,g5]al ,laws1 #aiad1 sec4 #ghca1 high s*ool c]tificate g5]al hi/ory & a *oice 9 elective hi/ory4 ,session ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #aiji1 sec4 #dfdd1 p4 #eaf1 fir/ grade elem5t>y c]tificates & life c]tificates2 ibid41 #aiaa1 *4 #af1 sec4 #d1 p4 #ea1 life c]tificates4 ,political ,code ( ,idaho1 #aija1 *4 ,,xxxvi1 sec4 #ajbh1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #caa1 fir/1 second & ?ird grade c]tificates4 #agh ,supplem5t to ! ,code ( ,i[a1 #aijb1 sec4 #bgcf1 p4 #cae4 ,acts1 #aijf1 *4 #abb1 sec4 #d1 p4 #hh1 fir/ grade c]tificate _h be5 f\nd z e>ly z #ahhb4 ,laws ( ,nebraska1 #aijc1 p>4 #eedb1 sec4 #e2 9 #aiai1 political economy is n m5tion$4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,wyom+1 #ahii1 sec4 #fbg1 p4 #bbh2 also ,laws1 #aija1 *4 #eg1 p4 #fj4 #agi ,compil$ ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiac1 p>4 #ac1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #efe1 = life c]tificates4 #ahj ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #aiae1 *4 #bgs4 #dej-b1 p4 #bgb4 ,dige/ ( ,/atutes ( ,arkansas1 #aiba1 p>4 #ijbb1 rural tea*]s' c]tificate 7,act ( ,m>* #bh1 #aiag74 #aha ,compil$ ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiac1 p>4 #ee1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #egb2 ibid41 #aiaa1 p4 #dac2 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiai1 p>4 #gcib1 p4 #ahdg1 = fir/ grade c]tificate2 also ,laws1 #aiai1 p4 #agj4 ,laws ( ,nevada1 #aijg1 secs4 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 p4 #chc1 8curr5t news02 ,/atutes1 #aiba1 *4 #bjh1 sec4 #be1 elem5t>y s*ool c]tificate1 fir/ grade1 8curr5t ev5ts40 #ahb ,/atute ,law ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aibj1 #ejjc1 p4 #dfb1 pr(essional & provisional c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #aiai1 #bcbf-aah1 sec4 #aah1 elem5t>y s*ool c]tificate2 ibid41 #aibj1 sec4 #agj1 p4 #aij4 ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaf 7all /atutes 9 =ce71 *4 #de1 p>4 #hg1 p4 #ehj1 = elem5t>y & fir/ ?ree grades ( c]tificates2 aga9 9 ,laws1 #aiai1 p4 #hg1 ibid41 #aiba1 sec4 #ajd1 elem5t>y c]tificate4 ,/atutes ( ,k5tucky1 #aiah1 *4 #aac1 art4 ,,xi1 p>4 #deja1 p4 #ida1 = all c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #aiaf1 *4 #ahh1 #dedc1 p4 #bgh1 fir/ & second grade lic5ses2 also /ate lic5ses1 ,laws1 #aijh1 p4 #bji4 ,code ( ,alabama1 #aijg1 #agcd1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #geg1 ! fir/ ?ree grades ( c]tificates4 ,revis$ ,laws ( ,oklahoma1 #aiaj1 #gibc1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #baec1 ! fir/ ?ree grades ( lic5ses4 ,mc,eachin's ,civil ,/atutes ( ,texas1 #aiac1 articles #bgii-bhjb1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aaag1 p]man5t c]tificates 7also ,sayles' ,civil ,/atutes1 art4 #cigd1 pp4 #adai-bj7 & fir/1 second1 ?ird grade c]tificates1 & ,laws1 #aije1 sec4 #aah1 p4 #bic2 ibid41 #aiba1 p4 #bdc4 ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #aiai1 *4 #fja1 #ci4ah 7#a71 #ci4ai 7#a71 & #ci4bj 7#a71 = fir/1 second1 & ?ird grade c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiai1 p4 #afi1 ,compil$ ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiac1 secs4 #ac & #ad1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #efe1 life diploma1 /ate1 fir/1 second1 ?ird grade c]tificates1 & prim>y4 ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ill9ois1 #aiac1 *4 #abb1 p4 #bbga1 c\nty c]tificates2 ibid41 #aiag1 *4 #abb2 ,laws1 #aiai1 p4 #ijj1 z well z ,laws ( #aijc & #aije4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aiae1 *4 #bih1 p4 #cib1 = ! fir/1 second & ?ird grade c]tificates2 ibid41 #aiac1 *4 #bfh1 p4 #dej2 ibid41 #aiaa1 *4 #bgg1 p4 #ejf4 ,/atutes ( ,new ,mexico1 #aiae1 p>4 #dieg1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #adbi1 fir/ & second grade c]tificates4 #ahc ,arizona prescrib$ = fir/ & second grade c]tificates1 civics & 8hi/ory10 :i* probably meant ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,see ,revis$ ,laws1 #aija1 #badb 7sec4 #ac71 p4 #ehd4 #ahd ,9 ,florida1 = example1 ,june #c 0 made a holiday to 8p]petuate 9 ! m9ds ( ! p ! purity ( life1 ! intellectual ability1 ! h]oic =titude1 & ! patriotic "* ( ,jeff]son ,davis40 ,laws ( ,florida1 #ahia1 *4 #djeh1 p4 #ii4 #ahe ,see ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,patriotic ,program = all ,s*ools ( ,oklahoma1 issu$ by ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 #aiba1 p4 #g4 #ahf ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #ahih1 secs4 #a1 #b1 #c1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #aaia2 ,revis$ ,laws ( ,massa*usetts1 #aijb1 *4 #db1 sec4 #ej1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dgd2 ,laws ( ,indiana1 #aijg1 *4 #bec1 p4 #ecg2 ,acts ( ,i[a1 #aiac1 *4 #bde1 sec4 #b1 p4 #bfd2 ,laws ( ,arizona1 #aijc1 no4 #ai1 p4 #be4 #ahg ,burns' ,annotat$ ,/atutes ( ,indiana1 #aiad1 #eheb;a1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #che4 #ahh ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aijg1 *4 #cai1 p4 #dic4 ,! ,i[a law1 #aiac1 is mu* l ?is law4 ,see ,acts ( ,i[a1 #aiac1 p4 #bfd4 ,! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic & ! ,woman's ,relief ,corps 7 actively engag$ 9 supply+ s*ools ) flags = ! purpose ( inculcat+ patriotism ?r\gh\t ?is p]iod4 #ahi ,acts ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aiae1 p4 #ijd4 #aij ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,ma9e1 #aiaf1 *4 #af1 sec4 #eb2 ,laws1 #aijg1 *4 #ahb1 p4 #aii2 ibid41 #aiae1 *4 #agf4 #aia ,no attempt is made to treat legal holidays :]e ! law requires obs]vance by simply specify+ ! dates ( su* days4 ,!y are discuss$ only :5 ! enactm5ts indicate patriotic ex]cises to be held )9 ! public s*ools1 or :]e ! purpose ( tea*+ hi/ory ?r\gh ! obs]vance ( su* days is /at$4 #aib ,laws ( ,kansas1 #ahhf1 *4 ,,cxxv1 p4 #afg4 ,approv$ ,febru>y #ah1 #ahhf4 ,especially active 9 _! desire = a prop] obs]vance ( ,memorial ,day 7 ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r41 :o 9 annual encampm5ts frequ5tly express$ a fai? 9 x z a means = promot+ patriotism z well z = memorializ+ ! de$s ( _! comrades4 #aic ,/atutes ( ,v]mont1 #ahid1 no4 #be1 p>4 #fhe1 p4 #ba2 ,public ,/atutes1 #aijf1 *4 #df1 sec4 #ajje1 p4 #bge2 ,g5]al ,laws1 #aiag1 *4 #eg1 sec4 #abdj4 #aid ,acts & ,resolves ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahij1 *4 ,,iii1 sec4 #a1 p4 #id2 ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ahig1 *4 #ad1 p4 #af2 also ,laws1 #aiba1 *4 #he1 sec4 #bc1 p4 #abg4 ,! latt] date 9 ,new ,hamp%ire might indicate a renactm5t4 ,s\? ,dakota1 9 #aiba1 specially designat$ ,memorial ,day z 8,citiz5%ip ,day40 ,see page #ih4 #aie ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #ahih1 *4 #dha1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aaia4 ,laws ( ,arizona1 #aijc1 no4 #ai1 p4 #be4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aijg1 *4 #cai1 p4 #dic4 #aif ,laws ( ,new ,york1 op4 cit4 ,laws ( ,arizona1 op4 cit4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 op4 cit4 #aig ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aiji1 *4 #ebg1 p4 #hfa1 approv$ ,april #ac1 #aiji4 ,acts & ,resolves ( ,ma9e1 #aiji1 *4 #aij1 sec4 #a1 p4 #aij4 ,acts ( ,new ,mexico1 #aiji1 *4 #aba1 sec4 #g1 p4 #cdb4 ,acts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaa1 *4 #dj1 p4 #aag4 ,also 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia ,code1 #aiaf1 *4 #ae1 p>4 #a1 p4 #bdf4 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #aiag1 *4 #eg1 sec4 #abda1 p4 #bie4 #aih ,acts & ,resolves ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aiad1 *4 #ajga1 sec4 #b1 p4 #aaj2 also ,acts1 #aija1 *4 #hah1 p4 #ee4 #aii ,?is law 0 pass$ 9 #aiaa4 ,compil$ ,laws ( ,mi*igan1 #aiae1 *4 #ajh 7#ehbc71 sec4 #a1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #baih4 ,non-compliance might cause ! revocation ( ! tea*]'s c]tificate by ! c\nty commission] ( s*ools or by ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction4 #bjj ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #aijd1 sec4 #dg1 p4 #iia4 ,acts & ,resolves ( ,ma9e1 #aiac1 *4 #aie1 sec4 #hh1 p4 #bdj4 #bja ,ibid4 #bjb ,compil$ ,laws ( ,mi*igan1 #aiae1 op4 cit4 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,oregon1 #aiba1 *4 #da1 p4 #fb4 ,?is law1 al?\gh com+ 9 #aiba1 possesses ! *>act]i/ics ( ^? ( ! e>li] p]iod4 ,see page #ic4 ,annotat$ ,revision ( ,/atutes ( ,l\isiana1 #aiae1 #bfei1 #bffj1 secs4 #a1 #b1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #hic4 7,act #ef1 #aiai1 p4 #ib47 ,we/ ,virg9ia 9 #aiaa1 also1 set aside ,octob] #ab = celebration 9 ! common & grad$ s*ools4 ,laws1 #aiaa1 *4 #dj1 p4 #aag4 #bjc ,laws ( ,new ,york1 op4 cit4 ,laws ( ,arizona1 op4 cit4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 op4 cit4 #bjd ,public ,acts ( ,connecticut1 #aije1 *4 #adf1 p4 #cee4 ,approv$ ,june #af1 #aije4 ,?is am5d$ #badj ( ! ,g5]al ,/atutes4 #bje ,proclamation ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,new ,j]sey 7,e4 ,c4 ,/okes74 ,laws1 #aijf1 p4 #ghg4 #bjf ,acts & ,resolves ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahig1 p4#fbh4 ,?is bill pass$ ! ,s5ate ,febru>y #c1 #ahig1 & ! ,h\se on ,febru>y #h1 #ahig4 #bjg ,g5]al ,laws ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aiji1 title ,x1 *4 #fd1 sec4 #h1 p4 #bfg4 #bjh ,code ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #aiab1 p>4 #ahaj1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dif4 ,laws1 #aijf1 ,,xxiii1 #bb2 approv$ ,febru>y #ag1 #aijf4 #bji ,code ( ,georgia1 #aiaj1 art4 #g1 p>4 #aebh1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cie4 ,see page #if = ,nor? ,c>ol9a's law sett+ aside ,octob] twelf? = commemoration4 ,! next *apt] cont9ues ! discussion = laws pass$ aft] #aiag4 #baj ,dige/ ( ,arkansas ,/atutes1 #aiaf1 sec4 #ifed1 p4 #baff4 #baa ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #aijd1 sec4 #dg1 p4 #iia4 #bab ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aiaa1 *4 #ha1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ig4 ,! day kn[n z ,m9nesota ,day 0 designat$ by ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction by proclamation1 ! gov]nor concurr+4 #bac ,laws ( ,montana1 #aiac1 *4 ,,xiv1 #adjj1 p4 #bfc4 ,9 ?is ye> ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,novemb] 0 nam$4 ,a previ\s law1 #aijc1 provid$ = an obs]vance on ! la/ ,friday 9 ,may4 7,laws1 #aijc1 *4 ,,lxxxviii1 p4 #afa47 #bad ,laws ( ,miss\ri1 #aiae1 p4 #cja4 #bae ,laws ( ,ill9ois1 #aiai1 ,s54 ,bill1 no4 #bch1 p4 #hid4 ,9 a case su* z ?is ! law has be5 discuss$ "h r ?an 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,! *ronological limits ( ! *apt]s h n always be5 /rictly adh]$ to4 #baf ,approv$ ,m>* #aa1 #aijd4 ,! law also prohibit$ 8p>tisan0 books4 ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #aijd1 *4 #hf 7,s4 ,b4 no4 #ea71 p4 #aaf4 ,also ,code1 #aijf1 *4 #abe1 #deie1 p4 #abdf4 ,cf4 *apt] ,,vi = ! activities ( pro-,s\!rn gr\ps 9 ?is p]iod4 #bag ,ratifi$ ,m>* #d1 #aije1 ,laws ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #aije1 *4 #gjg1 p4 #hfc4 #bah ,laws ( ,florida1 #aiae1 *4 #fici 7no4 #acc71 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #caa4 ,approv$ ,june #c1 #aiae4 ,! appropriation 0 n available until ea* ( elev5 ex-,conf$]ate /ates1 or a majority ( !m1 did likewise4 ,! gov]nor ( ,florida 0 appo9t$ to communicate ) o!r ,s\!rn gov]nors ab\t c>ry+ out ! act4 #bai ,laws ( ,texas1 #aijg1 *4 ,,ix1 p4 #ddi4 ,approv$ ,may #ad1 #aijg4 ,! law ( #aiaa add$ g5]al hi/ory to ! li/ ( books4 ,laws1 #aiaa1 *4 #aa1 sec4 #d1 p4 #ij4 #bbj ,code ( ,georgia1 #aiaj1 art4 #a1 sec4 #b1 p>4 #adci1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cfg4 ,also ,laws1 #aijc1 sec4 #b1 p4 #ed4 ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aijc1 sec4 #a1 p4 #afg4 ,code ( ,mississippi1 #aijf1 *4 #abe1 #deie1 p4 #abdf4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aiae1 *4 #big1 p4 #chc4 #bba ,annotat$ ,revision ( ! ,/atutes ( ,l\isiana1 #aiae1 #beai1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #hda 7sec4 #c1 act #bad1 #aiab1 p4 #dfe74 ,! books 7 to rema9 un*ang$ = a p]iod ( six ye>s4 ,laws ( ,indiana1 #aiac1 *4 #eh1 p4 #aae4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aiae1 *4 #big1 p4 #chc4 ,9 ,indiana1 ! price ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to be us$ 9 ! common s*ools1 c\ld n exce$ #fe c5ts4 ,burns' ,annotat$ ,/atutes ( ,indiana1 #aiad1 #fcch 7#ehfg71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bec4 #bbb ,laws ( ,nevada1 #aija1 p4 #ej4 ,approv$ ,m>* #h1 #aija4 #bbc ,revis$ ,code ( ,idaho1 #aijh1 sec4 #egd1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cgj2 ,laws ( #aijg1 sec4 #c1 p4 #dgg4 7,s54 ,bill no4 #hd4 ,approv$ ,m>* #ad1 #aijg47 ,!re 0 also f\nd on ! /atute books ,idaho's previ\s /ipulation prohibit+ political docum5ts 9 ! s*ools4 ,compil$ ,/atutes1 #aiai1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #big4 #bbd ,g5]al ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #aiac1 *4 #dhb1 art4 #dedb1 p4 #agac4 #bbe ,laws ( ,ohio1 #ahib1 p4 #bda2 also ,code1 #aiaj1 sec4 #ggai1 p4 #afce4 #bbf ,/atutes ( ,new ,mexico1 #aiae1 p>4 #diei1 sec4 #aec1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #adbi4 ,act ( ,june #h1 #aiab4 ,legislation 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,oklahoma1 & ,wiscons9 includ$ ! /]eotyp$ re/riction reg>d+ 8matt] ( a p>tisan "*40 ,see ,laws ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiji1 *4 #bc1 sec4 #d1 p4 #cdf2 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,oklahoma1 #aijh1 sec4 #fcbd1 p4 #acac1 ,laws ( #aijg1 *4 #gg1 p4 #fha2 ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #aiac1 *4 #bg1 sec4 #eecm-#ab1 p4 #cai1 ibid41 #aiae1 *4 #bg s #eecm-#ab1 p4 #ccj4 #bbg ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaf1 *4 #de1 p>4 #afe;a1 p4 #eii 7,acts ( #aija1 *4 #ada74 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,w> ,,on ,,laws ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,hi/ory ,,! ,,curriculum ,:5 ! ,fa!rs ( ,new ,engl& adopt$ ! fam\s laws ( #afdb & #afdg1 !y act$ on ! belief t by ! s*ool ! "* ( ! nation c be m\ld$4 ,?r\gh\t ne>ly ?ree c5turies ( developm5t ! confid5ce ( ! ,am]ican p 9 ! reg5]at+ p[] ( ! public s*ool has gr[n4 ,!y h come to hold high fai? 9 education z an effective tool = ! cons]vation & promotion ( national well-be+4 ,9 ea* epo*1 ! s*ool has attempt$ to accommodate its (f]+s to ! dem&s ( ! "t1 !reby reflect+ ! ne$s ( a p ^: po9t ( view is con/antly *ang+4 ,fir/ conceiv$ z a =ce 9 ! religi\s life ( ! p1 ! s*ool soon became an in/rum5t = ! developm5t ( 8morality1 virtue & good behavior40 ,! latt] eighte5? c5tury captur$ ! vision ( a p fir$ ) patriotism & s]vice to ! /ate1 & !n by a citiz5ry tra9$ to 8pres]ve & p]fect a republican con/itution40 ,! occasion ( a div]se & scatt]$ electorate caus$ by ! democratic awak5+ ( ! ,jacksonian era compell$ acceptance ( ! !ory t x 0 a duty ( ! /ate to provide education = all4 ,aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 a r5ew$ fai? 9 nationality & a realization ( ! economic & social dem&s ( ! "t left _! impr9t ^u ! public s*ool curriculum4 ,! op5+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury witness$ ! expansion ( ! 8citiz5%ip aim0 to include tra9+ = effici5t p>ticipation 9 a complex social & indu/rial life4 ,s9ce !n1 _m traditional subjects ( ! previ\s p]iod h be5 sup]s$$ by ^? t5d+ to give po9t to ! new aims 9 education2 & ( ! traditional subjects reta9$ _m h be5 refa%ion$ to fit a new & pres5t-day po9t ( view4 ,?is wid] horizon has t5d$ to enc\rage to a great] degree ?an hi!rto ! introduction ( _m social /udies1 includ+ economics1 sociology & =eign hi/ory4 ,al?\gh encumb]$ ) survivals1 ! hi/ory curriculum ( ! tw5tie? c5tury has s\ght indep5d5ce ( purely political & milit>y ev5ts & has /riv5 = a sci5tific pres5tation ( hi/orical tru?s :i* %\ld fit = 8complete liv+40 ,?is new viewpo9t 0 well exemplifi$ 9 ! report ( a committee ( ! ,national ,education ,association 9 #aiaf1 :i* propos$ a six ye> c\rse 9 ! social /udies f ! sev5? to ! twelf? grades1 /ress+ ! tea*+ ( practical & pres5t-day problems4#bbh ,%ortly !reaft] ! ,unit$ ,/ates ent]$ ! ,_w ,w>4 ,am]ica at once fac$ n only ! necessity ( mobiliz+ ! economic & milit>y res\rces ( a c\ntry unprep>$ = w>1 b also t /ill m difficult problem--! consolidation ( public op9ion4 ,v>i\s ag5cies 7 creat$ = ! express purpose ( cord9at+ ! spiritual res\rces ( ! c\ntry4 ,su* 0 ! design ( ! ,committee on ,public ,in=mation4 ,speak]s & writ]s gave freely ( _! tal5ts1 & 8hyph5ism0 & pacifism 7 driv5 to cov]4 ,! ,espionage ,law betray$ ! appreh5sion ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t reg>d+ unbridl$ spee* & writ+1 & s$ition laws 9 diff]5t commonweal?s s]v$ to arre/ an op5 opposition to ! ,w>4 ,foll[+ ! ,w> ! fe> ( radicalism & disloyalty to ! e/abli%$ in/itutions ( ! c\ntry cont9u$ to express itself 9 dra/ic legislation4 ,9 ! public s*ools1 ! desire to develop an unalloy$ patriotism prov$ ! motive = ! passage ( /atutes to promote a dynamic loyalty4 ,9 g5]al1 ^! laws relate to ! tea*+ ( patriotism ?r\gh in/ruction 9 ! hi/ory & gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 op5 affirmations ( loyalty by ! tea*+ p]sonnel1 ! exclusion ( ali5 tea*]s f ! public s*ools1 flag legislation & obs]vance days1 enactm5ts reg>d+ textbooks1 & ! ,am]icanization ( =eign]s4 ,practically all legislation s9ce #aiag deal+ ) ! curriculum conta9s provisions p]ta9+ to ! social /udies1 & ! great] am\nt reflects ! w>time gl[ ( patriotic en?usiasm4#bbi ,9 #aiag ?ree /ates pass$ regulatory provisions respect+ ! curriculum4 ,v]mont's legislation dealt ) f\r-ye> high s*ools & requir$ ! tea*+ ( ! political & social sci5ces4#bcj ,on ,febru>y #ag1 ,montana approv$ a law :i* call$ = in/ruction 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ! hi/ory ( ,montana1 & /ate & f$]al civics among o!r requir$ subjects = ! elem5t>y s*ool1 & ?ree days lat] ,arkansas approv$ a simil> law4#bca ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,k5tucky & ,texas cont9u$ laws enact$ at a previ\s "t1#bcb & ,delaw>e1 ?r\gh legislation 9 #aiai ga9$ ! unique di/9ction ( prescrib+ 8community civics0 besides ! hi/ory ( ! nation & ( ! /ate4#bcc ,alabama & ,georgia "u laws design$ prim>ily to prescribe a uni=m s]ies ( textbooks includ$ 9 ! li/ ( /udies = :i* textbooks 7 m5tion$1 ! hi/ory ( ! /ate embrac+ ! con/itution ( ! /ate1 & ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! con/itution4#bcd ,9 ,t5nessee1 to ! requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory = ! elem5t>y s*ools1 0 add$ 9 #aiag ! /udy ( ! f$]al con/itution 9 ! second>y s*ool curriculum4#bce ,texas plac$ di/9ct emphasis ^u ! tea*+ ( /ate hi/ory ?r\gh a regulation insi/+ t ?is 8hi/ory be taught 9 ! hi/ory c\rse 9 all public s*ools0 & 89 ?is c\rse only40#bcf ,! popul>ity ( civil gov]nm5t1 /ate hi/ory1 & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory is fur!r prov$ by ,s\? ,dakota's prescription 9 #aiai4bcg ,laws = dynamic patriotism 7 initiat$ by a /atute ( ,cali=nia 9 #aiag4 ,"o ( ! milde/ ( ! laws ( ?is type1 its *ief purpose 0 tra9+ 9 ! duties ( citiz5%ip ?r\gh ! /udy ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ) special ref]5ce to ! hi/ory ( ! ,con/itution & ! reasons = ! adoption ( ea* con/itutional provision4 ,in/ruction 9 local civil gov]nm5t 0 provid$ = z well1 ) a specific /atem5t reg>d+ in/ruction 9 ! duties ( citiz5%ip4#bch ,9 #aiah1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,texas & ,new ,york plac$ ^u _! /atute books laws t 7 likewise a direct outgr[? ( ! w> _s4 ,9 ! fir/ two /ates1 patriotism1 ! laws decl>$1 %\ld spr+ f lessons ( 8intellig5t patriotism0 inculcat$ by special ex]cises4 ,! ,s\? ,dakota law specifi$ an h\r a week 9 ! aggregate1 to be devot$ 9 bo? public & private in/itutions 8to ! tea*+ ( patriotism1 ! s++ ( patriotic songs1 ! read+ ( patriotic addresses & a /udy ( ! lives & hi/ory ( ,am]ican patriots40 ,%\ld an in/ructor1 s*ool (fic] or sup]9t5d5t fail to en=ce ob$i5ce to ! law ! /atute provid$ = a f9e ( n less ?an five doll>s nor m ?an "o hundr$ doll>s1 or imprisonm5t 9 ! c\nty jail f five to ?irty days1 or bo?4 ,9 ! case ( ! malfeasance ( a tea*]1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction _h ! p[] to revoke 8 c]tificate4#bci ,9 ,texas1 ! law decl>$ t 8! daily program ( e public s*ool %\ld be s =mulat$ t x includes at lea/ t5 m9utes = ! tea*+ ( lessons ( intellig5t patriotism1 includ+ ! ne$s ( ! ,/ate & ,f$]al ,gov]nm5ts1 ! duty ( ! citiz5s to ! ,/ate1 & ! obligation ( ! ,/ate to ! citiz540#bdj ,! /atute conclud$ ) ?is /atem5t3 8,! fact t ?is nation is n[ at w> ) a =eign foe1 & t ! /r5g? ( a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 by ! p1 & = ! p mu/ necess>ily come ( its citiz5%ip1 creates an em]g5cy & an imp]ative public necessity t ! con/itutional rule requir+ bills to be read on ?ree sev]al days be susp5d$ & t ?is act %all be 9 =ce f & aft] its passage1 & x is s enact$40#bda ,new ,york's /atute1 kn[n z ! ,lusk ,law1 is ! mo/ conspicu\s ( all ( ! laws ( ?is p]iod because ( its dra/ic "* & its lat] applications4 ,?is law became effective ,septemb] #a1 #aiah4 ,! phase ( ! law relat+ to in/ruction _h two p>ts3 "o prescrib+ c\rses ( in/ruction 9 patriotism & citiz5%ip1 ! o!r specify+ rules = inspection1 sup]vision1 & en=cem5t ( ! law4 8,9 ord] to promote a _s ( patriotic & civic s]vice & obligation & to fo/] 9 ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate moral & intellectual qualities :i* are ess5tial 9 prep>+ to meet ! obligations ( citiz5%ip 9 peace or 9 w>10 ! law decl>$1 8! reg5ts ( ! univ]sity ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york %all prescribe c\rses ( in/ruction 9 patriotism & citiz5%ip to be ma9ta9$ & foll[$ 9 ! s*ools ( ! /ate4 ,! bo>ds ( education & tru/ees ( ! sev]al cities & s*ool di/ricts ( ! /ate %all require in/ruction to be giv5 9 su* c\rses1 by ! tea*]s employ$ 9 ! s*ools !re94 ,all pupils att5d+ su* s*ools1 ov] ! age ( eight ye>s1 %all att5d ^u su* in/ruction40 ,! /atute fur!r prescrib$ simil> c\rses ( in/ruction = private s*ools1 & 0 requir$ ( all pupils ov] eight ye>s ( age4 ,9 case su* c\rses 7 n ma9ta9$ 9 ! private s*ool1 att5dance ^u in/ruction 9 su* s*ool 0 n deem$ equival5t to in/ruction giv5 to pupils ( l age 9 ! public s*ools4 ,! law emp[]$ ! reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york to det]m9e ! subjects to be includ$ 9 c\rses 9 patriotism & citiz5%ip1 & to arrange su* o!r matt]s z 7 requir$ = c>ry+ into effect ! objects & purposes ( ! law4 ,! commission] ( education 0 made responsible = its en=cem5t1 & to him fell ! sup]vision & inspection ( in/ruction4 ,he 0 giv5 au?ority at 8 discretion to )hold1 f a s*ool di/rict or city1 s*ool money1 if ! au?orities neglect$ su* c\rses or fail$ to compel att5dance ^u su* in/ruction4#bdb ,9 #aiah1 ,massa*usetts subscrib$ to tra9+ 9 ! duties ( citiz5%ip1 includ+ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 civil gov]nm5t1 & ?rift 9 h] public s*ools2 & two ye>s lat]1 9 a /atute relat+ to all elem5t>y & second>y s*ools1 %e prescrib$ 8c\rses 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & civics = ! purpose ( promot+ civic s]vice & a great] k ( ,am]ican hi/ory & ( fitt+ ! pupils1 morally & intellectually1 = ! duties ( citiz5%ip40#bdc ,9 #aiai1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,i[a1 ,kansas & ,wa%+ton pass$ laws ( l "*4 ,al?\gh ea* embodies c]ta9 di/9ctive features1 yet all ass]t a belief 9 ! /udy ( ,am]ican hi/ory & gov]nm5t z a prep>ation = a patriotic citiz5%ip4 ,! ,new ,j]sey law conta9s concrete requirem5ts4 ,9 ea* high s*ool1 c\rses ( /udy 9 8,community ,civics0 & 9 8,problems 9 ,am]ican ,democracy0 7 prescrib$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! ,commission] ( ,education1 ) ! approval ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,! law requir$ t 8,community ,civics0 be complet$ n lat] ?an ! end ( ! second ye>1 & ! c\rse 9 8,problems ( ,am]ican ,democracy0 be comm5c$ n lat] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird ye>4 ,sixty full p]iods ( n less ?an =ty m9utes ea* 7 specifi$ = ! tea*+ ( ^! subjects4 ,= ! elem5t>y grades1 ! geography1 hi/ory & civics ( ,new ,j]sey 7 prescrib$4 ,^! c\rses ( /udy1 ! law provid$1 8%all be giv5 toge!r ) in/ruction z to ! privileges & responsibilities ( citiz5%ip z !y relate to community & national welf>e ) ! object ( produc+ ! highe/ type ( patriotic citiz5%ip40#bdd ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 too1 x has become a duty ( ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction to prescribe 8a c\rse ( /udy conducive to ! _s ( loyalty & devotion to ! /ate & national gov]nm5ts10 & = all elem5t>y public s*ools in/ruction 9 ! hi/ory ( ! /ate & nation1 includ+ ! elem5ts ( civil gov]nm5t4#bde ,= ! sev5? & eigh? grades ,ohio prescrib$ civil gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory2 & ,i[a1 z a pr]equisite to graduation f any high s*ool1 requir$ a c\rse 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t = "o ye>1 z well z ! (f]+ ( a seme/] ( social problems & economics 9 a f\r-ye> high s*ool4 ,9 ,kansas1 :]e ! c\rse 9 civil gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 design$ = ! elem5t>y grades1 provision 0 made1 9 ! case ( noncompliance ) ! law1 = ! clos+ ( ! s*ool by ! action ( ! c\nty attorney or ! attorney-g5]al4 ,x 0 9 a l _s ) o!r commonweal?s t ,wa%+ton decl>$ ! 8/udy ( ,am]ican hi/ory & ,am]ican gov]nm5t0 to be 8indisp5sable to good citiz5%ip & an accurate appreciation ( national ideals40#bdf ,a simil> provision1 ) ! aim ( promot+ 8,am]icanism0 & 9 tra9+ 9 ! 8ideals & pr9ciples und]ly+ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 met defeat 9 ,m>yl& 9 #aibj by ! veto ( ! gov]nor4#bdg ,! ye> #aiba 0 p>ticul>ly prolific 9 legislation ( a w>time "*4 ,a v>iety ( expression b a unity ( purpose cont9u$ to be 9 evid5ce4 ,laws 7 enact$ 9 ,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,nebraska1 ,oklahoma1 ,colorado1 ,utah1 ,arizona1 ,nevada1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,cali=nia4 ,! ,ma9e /atute prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( ,am]ican hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 9 all elem5t>y & high s*ool grades1 bo? private & public1 & made ^! subjects a requirem5t = graduation f all gramm> s*ools4#bdh ,! law ( h] neighbor1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 requir$ ! read+ ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,new ,hamp%ire 8at lea/ once a ye> 9 ! la/ grade bel[ ! high s*ool40#bdi ,9 l9e ) ! o!r /ates ,mi*igan decl>$1 by a /atute ( ,may #ag1 #aiba1 t ! /udy ( ! /ate & f$]al con/itutions %\ld beg9 n lat] ?an ! eigh? grade & cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! high s*ool c\rse to an ext5t to be decid$ ^u by ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction4#bej ,9 ,wiscons91 provision 0 made = in/ruction 9 ! hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,wiscons91 & 9 citiz5%ip1#bea & ,ill9ois1 on ,june #ba1 #aiba1 pass$ 8,an ,act to make ! tea*+ ( repres5tative gov]nm5t 9 ! public s*ools & o!r educational in/itutions 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois compulsory40#beb ,?is law endors$ ! tea*+ ( patriotism ?r\gh a k ( 8! pr9ciples ( repres5tative gov]nm5t1 z enum]at$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois10 & 0 requir$ 9 all s*ools ma9ta9$ 9 :ole or 9 "p by /ate funds4 ,! law provid$1 also1 = "o h\r ( su* in/ruction ea* week 9 ! sev5? & eigh? grades1 ) an equal am\nt ( "t 9 ! high s*ool4 ,on ,m>* #ca1 #aiba1 ,i[a add$ to h] requirem5ts a provision t all public & private s*ools %\ld give regul> c\rses ( in/ruction 9 ! con/itution ( ! /ate & nation1 beg9n+ n lat] ?an ! eigh? grade & cont9u+ 9 ! high s*ool to an ext5t to be det]m9$ by ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction4 ,a ,nebraska /atute ( t ye> e/abli%$ = all s*ools c\rses 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t to give 8a ?or\gh k ( ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry & its in/itutions & ( our =m ( gov]nm5t40#bec ,9 ,oklahoma1 in/ruction 9 ,am]ican hi/ory mu/ comm5ce 9 ! prim>y grades ( all s*ools1 bo? public & private1 beg9n+ ) ! l[e/ & cont9u+ ?r\gh all prim>y ye>s1 ) ! privilege ( sub/itut+ /ate hi/ory 9 "o ( ! grades4 ,= ?is in/ruction1 !re %\ld be allott$ at lea/ "o h\r ea* week4 ,x 0 specifically /at$ t ! purpose ( ! /atute 0 to in/il 9 ! he>ts ( ! pupils 8an und]/&+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( a love ( c\ntry & devotion to ! pr9ciples ( ,am]ican gov]nm5t10 & t 8su* in/ruction 444 %all avoid1 z f> z possible1 be+ a m]e recital ( dates & ev5ts40 ,= ! high s*ool1 at lea/ "o full ye>'s "w 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & civics 0 requir$1 & no college1 normal s*ool1 univ]sity or *>t]$ in/itution ( le>n+ 9 ! /ate 0 all[$ to conf] a degree until a /ud5t _h pass$ a c\rse 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t4#bed ,! social /udy requirem5t ( ,colorado = h] public s*ools consi/$ ( ! hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t ( ! /ate1#bee & ,arizona 9 h] law specifi$ t n less ?an two ye>s' in/ruction 9 civics1 economics1 & ,am]ican political hi/ory & gov]nm5t be provid$ = all common s*ools1 high s*ools1 normal s*ools & univ]sities4#bef ,nevada1 9 h] enactm5t ( ,febru>y #bd1 compell$ all s*ools includ+ colleges1 save exclusively sci5tific s*ools1 to tea* ,am]ican hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ! /ate1 & ,am]ican civil gov]nm5t4#beg ,includ$ z a "p ( ?is law 0 a provision = patriotic ex]cises = at lea/ an h\r 9 ea* s*ool week4 ,new ,mexico1 decl>+ t ! passage ( a law prescrib+ ! tea*+ ( national & /ate hi/ory & gov]nm5t 0 8necess>y = ! public peace & safety10 made ! /atute effective imm$iately1#beh & ,cali=nia aga9 essay$ an endorsem5t ( ! hi/ory ( ! /ate & nation ) emphasis ^u ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution4#bei ,9 #aibb ! commonweal? ( ,virg9ia enact$ a law simil> to ^? pass$ ! previ\s ye> 9 f\rte5 o!r /ates4 ,by ?is /atute1 pupils enroll$ 9 ! public free s*ools are taught civil gov]nm5t1 hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! hi/ory ( ,virg9ia4 ,! #aibb session ( ! ,rhode ,isl& legislature adopt$ mu* ! same k9d ( a provision = all public & private s*ools by mak+ obligatory ! tea*+ ( ! pr9ciples ( popul> & repres5tative gov]nm5t & ! hi/ory ( ,rhode ,isl&4#bfj ,an adh]5ce to ! e>ly me?od ( endors+ ! tea*+ ( patriotism *>act]iz$ enactm5ts 9 ,idaho1 ,nevada1 & ,utah4 ,9 ! la/ /ate1 in/ruction 8t5d+ to impress ^u ! m9ds ( ! pupils ! importance & necessity ( good mann]s1 tru?fulness1 temp]ance1 purity1 patriotism1 & indu/ry10 0 prescrib$ 9 connection ) ! regul> s*ool "w4#bfa ,nevada1 f\r ye>s be=e ! passage ( ,utah's law1 provid$ = civic tra9+ 9 h] high s*ools1 ^: purpose 0 to 8inculcate a love ( c\ntry & a disposition to s]ve ! c\ntry effectively & loyally10 bo? 9 times ( peace & ( w>4#bfb ,idaho1 ?r\gh ! (fice ( ! tea*]1 cont9u$ ! practice ( prescrib+ ! tea*+ ( patriotism z a duty ( ! tea*] ?r\gh t intangible me?od ( impress+ ^u ! m9ds ( ! pupils 8! pr9ciples ( tru?1 ju/ice1 morality1 & patriotism40#bfc ,wiscons91 also1 sanction$ moral in/ruction ?r\gh tra9+ by ! tea*]4#bfd ,s9ce #aibc1 n9ete5 /ates h pass$ laws affect+ ! social /udy curriculum4 ,9 g5]al1 _! purpose is to in/il 8into ! he>ts ( ! v>i\s pupils 444 an und]/&+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 444 a love ( c\ntry1 & 444 a devotion to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t40#bfe ,?r\gh /atutes pass$ 9 #aibc1 ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 ,ohio1 ,t5nessee & ,we/ ,virg9ia require ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & ! ,con/itution2 & ,kansas adopt$ ! same requirem5t 9 #aibe4bff ,in/ruction 9 ! f$]al con/itution is prescrib$ 9 ,alabama1 ,idaho1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,oregon & ,utah by enactm5ts 9 #aibc1 & 9 ,new ,york by a law ( #aibd4 ,/atutes 9 ,delaw>e & ,nor? ,c>ol9a#bfg require ! /udy ( ! con/itutions ( ! nation & ! /ate1 & ,texas adds to t regulation a recomm5dation t special emphasis be plac$ on 8! gu>antees conta9$ 9 ! ,bill ( ,rights40#bfh ,! ,m9nesota law prescribes = all s*ools 8regul> c\rses 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to an ext5t to be det]m9$ by ! ,/ate ,commission] ( ,education40#bfi ,9 ,new ,mexico a simil> enactm5t requires an und]/&+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 z well z a k ( /ate & national hi/ory & gov]nm5t4#bgj ,= h] s*ools ,cali=nia e/abli%es 8regul> c\rses ( in/ruction 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! /udy ( ,am]ican in/itutions & ideals10 & ,georgia adopts a simil> requirem5t add+ ! /udy ( /ate gov]nm5t4 ,9 bo? /ates x is provid$ t no pupil %all receive a c]tificate ( graduation :o has n pass$ satisfactorily exam9ations 9 ! requir$ subjects4#bga ,sub/antially all ^! enactm5ts provide t in/ruction 9 ! requir$ subjects %all beg9 9 ! elem5t>y grades1 cont9ue 9 ! high s*ool & 9 c\rses 9 /ate colleges1 univ]sities & educational dep>tm5ts ( /ate & municipal in/itutions to an ext5t to be det]m9$ by ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction or by ! /ate bo>d ( education4#bgb ,endorsem5t ( ! /udy ( ! ,con/itution 0 giv5 by ,congress 9 ,m>*1 #aibe1 :5 ! ,s5ate pass$ a ,h\se resolution express+ 8! e>ne/ hope & desire t e educational in/itution1 :e!r public or private1 w provide & ma9ta9 z a "p ( ! requir$ curriculum1 a c\rse = ! /udy ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates44440 ,! _m laws enact$ dur+ ! ye>s foll[+ ! ,_w ,w> are indicative ( ! high value plac$ ^u ! social /udies z an ess5tial "p ( education4 ,besides laws requir+ ! tea*+ ( ^! subjects purely = _! cont5t1 _m enactm5ts express a high fai? t ! social /udies w s]ve to inculcate patriotism & to tra9 = citiz5%ip4 ,=ty-?ree commonweal?s h engag$ 9 legislation ( ?is "* s9ce #aiag1 & all /ates h at "s "t endors$ hi/ory z a requir$ subject 9 ! public s*ools4#bgc ,,oa?s ,,( ,,allegiance ,,& ,,citiz5%ip ,,= ,,tea*]s ,few laws requir+ ,am]ican citiz5%ip & oa?s ( allegiance1 9 ! case ( tea*]s1 appe>$ on ! /atute books prior to #aiad4 ,! ,_w ,w> precipitat$ ! movem5t = enactm5ts :i* insi/ ^u an op5ly av[$ loyalty1 z well z ^u a tea*+ p]sonnel consi/+ ( citiz5s only4#bgd ,9 #aiae1 ?ree /ates enact$ anti-ali5 laws = tea*+4 ,a ,mi*igan /atute requir$ a tea*]1 if tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 to be a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#bge ,nevada direct$ ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 ! reg5ts ( ! /ate univ]sity & s*ool tru/ees to dismiss 8any tea*]1 4441 pr(essor or presid5t employ$ by ! educational dep>tm5t ( ?is /ate :o is n a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or :o has n decl>$ 8 or h] int5tion to become a citiz540 ,! law =bade any /ate controll] or c\nty auditor to issue sal>y w>rants to ! p]sons m5tion$1 9 case ( non-citiz5%ip4#bgf ,9 ,cali=nia a law ( #aiae prescrib$ t 8no p]son except a native-born or naturaliz$ citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %\ld be employ$ 9 any dep>tm5t ( ! /ate1 c\nty1 city & c\nty or city-gov]nm5t ( ?is /ate40 ,an exception1 h[ev]1 0 made 9 favor ( tea*]s :o _h decl>$ _! int5tion to become naturaliz$ & ( any native-born wife ( a =eign]4#bgg ,9 #aiag1 ! "o hundr$ & =tie? session ( ! ,new ,york legislature gave its ass5t to a bill :i* has become kn[n z "o ( ! ,lusk laws4 ,?is law reflects precisely ! same sort ( appreh5sion :i* mov$ "s ( ! legislators ( ! ,civil ,w> p]iod4 ,x became ! precursor ( ?ree o!rs ( a l nature1 "o 9 #aiah1 "o 9 #aiai1 & "o 9 #aiba4 ,! law ( #aiag relat$ to treasonable or s$iti\s utt]ances by tea*]s1 ! second & ?ird to ! grant+ ( tea*]s' lic5ses to citiz5s only1 & ! f\r? to ! employm5t ( tea*]s :o h criticiz$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! law ( #aiag relat+ to fre$om ( spee* prescrib$ t 8a p]son employ$ z sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools1 tea*] or employee 9 ! public s*ools1 444 %all be remov$ f su* position = ! utt]ance ( any treasonable or s$iti\s act1 or acts1 :ile hold+ su* position40#bgh ,! laws ( #aiah & #aiai made citiz5%ip an ess5tial qualification = becom+ a tea*]4 ,any p]son employ$ z a tea*] on ,april #d1 #aiah1 h[ev]1 :o 0 n naturaliz$1 0 giv5 p]mission to rema9 9 8 position provid$ he1 )9 a ye>1 %\ld make application = citiz5%ip4 ,! law ( #aiai exempt$ f ! =ego+ requirem5t tea*]s :o 7 citiz5s ( ! ,alli$ ,p[]s 9 ! ,_w ,w>1 & :o _h be5 employ$ z tea*]s 9 ! ,new ,york s*ools on or prior to ,april #d1 #aiah1 provid$ t 8su* tea*] make application to become a citiz5 be=e ! fir/ day ( ,septemb]1 #aibj1 & )9 ! "t !reaft] prescrib$ by law %all become su* citiz540#bgi ,! ?ird l9k 9 ! *a9 ( con/ra9t 0 an enactm5t :i* decl>$ t an applicant1 ev5 ?\gh a citiz51 mu/ be 8a p]son ( good moral "*0 & mu/ be 8loyal & ob$i5t to ! gov]nm5t ( ?is /ate & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 9 ord] to obta9 a lic5se to tea*4 ,= 8no su* c]tificate %all be issu$ to any p]son :o1 :ile a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has advocat$ ei!r by ^w ( m\? or 9 writ+1 a *ange 9 ! =m ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( ?is /ate1 by =ce1 viol5ce or any unlawful means40 ,! /atute provid$ t ! discov]y t a tea*] 7 guilty ( any ( ! prohibitions m5tion$1 made him liable to a revocation ( 8 c]tificate ?r\gh ! commission] ( education4#bhj ,! sum ( #ae1jjj 0 appropriat$ to c>ry ! act into effect4#bha ,mu* discussion & agitation att5d$ ! ,lusk laws aft] _! passage & 9 ! attempts at _! en=cem5t1 = _m believ$ t ! "r ( free spee* 0 endang]$ by su* measures4 ,9 #aibc1 "u consid]able pressure1 ! legislature revok$ ! /atute1 & ,gov]nor ,alfr$ ,e4 ,smi? affix$ 8 signature to ! repeal4 ,laws simil> to ! /atutes pass$ by ,new ,york are f\nd 9 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,t5nessee1 ,oklahoma1 ,nebraska1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,nevada1 ,idaho1 ,montana1 & ,wa%+ton4 ,9 #aiai1 ,mi*igan1 ,nebraska1 ,t5nessee1 ,montana1 & ,wa%+ton enact$ /atutes requir+ t all tea*]s ( ! public s*ools mu/ be citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,idaho reta9$ ^u h] /atute books a law ( #ahig :i* _h ! same int5t4 ,! same action 0 tak5 by ,nor? ,dakota 9 #aiba4 ,9 addition to ^? engag$ z in/ructors 9 ! public s*ools1 ,nebraska includ$ tea*]s 9 private & p>o*ial in/itutions4 ,9 ,wa%+ton1 ,cali=nia & ,mi*igan ! privilege ( a lic5se 0 grant$ to ^? ali5s :o decl>$ _! int5tion ( becom+ citiz5s1 & 9 ,wa%+ton1 !re 7 add$ to ! proscrib$ gr\p1 ^? tea*]s ^: c]tificates or diplomas _h be5 revok$ on acc\nt ( a failure to impress ^u ! m9ds ( ! pupils 8! pr9ciples ( patriotism or to tra9 !m up to a true compreh5sion ( ! rights1 duty1 & dignity ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip40#bhb ,an op5 decl>ation ( loyalty & ( an int5tion to inculcate patriotism 9 _! pupils 0 requir$ ( all tea*]s by ,ohio 9 a law ( #aiai1 by ,colorado1 ,nevada1 ,oklahoma1 ,oregon1 & ,s\? ,dakota 9 #aiba4 ,ohio1 ,colorado1 ,oklahoma1 ,arizona1 & ,s\? ,dakota made x incumb5t ^u tea*]s n only 9 ! public s*ools1 b 9 private & p>o*ial s*ools1 to take an oa? to support ! con/itution ( ! /ate & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & to obey _! laws4 ,ohio insi/$ ^u an 8undivid$ allegiance to ! gov]nm5t ( "o c\ntry1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica10 & ,colorado & ,oregon sanction$ ! same =m4#bhc ,nevada requir$ ( tea*]s ! oa? 9 h] con/itution1 prescrib$ = all public (fic]s4#bhd ,9 ,oklahoma1 any tea*] violat+ ! law1 or any p]son or (fic] pay+ out any s*ool funds to a p]son tea*+ )\t subscrib+ to ! oa?1 0 deem$ guilty ( a misdemeanor4 ,^u conviction su* a p]son 0 p5aliz$ by a f9e ( n less ?an "o hundr$ or m ?an five hundr$ doll>s1 or imprisonm5t 9 ! c\nty jail f sixty days to six mon?s1 or bo?4#bhe ,oregon1 ^u conviction1 prescrib$ a maximum f9e ( "o hundr$ doll>s = non-en=cem5t ( ! law4 ,9 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 a law ( #aibc has enjo9$ ^u all tea*]s1 at ! "t ( sign+ a ye>ly contract1 an oa? to support ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,we/ ,virg9ia4#bhf ,9 addition to ! regulations impos+ an oa? ( allegiance on tea*]s1 ,s\? ,dakota1 l ,wa%+ton1 9 h] law includ$ a prohibition ( treasonable utt]ances4 8,any tea*]10 ! law decl>$1 8:o %all h publicly revil$1 ridicul$ or o!rwise spok5 or act$ ) disrespect & contumacy t[>ds ! flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or its (ficial uni=ms or insignia1 or t[>ds ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & its ,con/itution1 or %all refuse to take & subscribe to ! oa? ( allegiance h]e9be=e requir$1 %all !reaft] =ev] be disqualifi$ to tea* 9 any public or private s*ool )9 ?is /ate1 & ! c]tificate ( any su* tea*] %all be revok$ by ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction ^u satisfactory pro( ( ! commission ( any su* (f5se40#bhg ,an ,oklahoma /atute has exclud$ f all public & private s*ools ( t /ate p]sons 8guilty ( tea*+ or inculcat+ disloyalty to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( publicly revil+ ! flag1 or ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,yet ! /atute prescrib$ t 8criticism ( any public (ficial %all n be con/ru$ z )9 ! purview0 ( ?is regulation4 ,cali=nia1 9 a bill relat+ to ,am]ican hi/ories & o!r textbooks :i* pass$ ! ,assembly 9 #aibc1 w\ld h lea%$ h] tea*]s 9 mu* ! same way4 ,b ! bill fail$ ( passage 9 ! ,s5ate4#bhh ,! appropriation bill pass$ by ! ,sixty-,eigh? ,congress = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 9 #aibe1 provid$ t no money %\ld be available 8= ! paym5t ( ! sal>y ( any sup]9t5d5t1 assi/ant sup]9t5d5t1 director ( int]m$iate in/ruction1 or sup]vis+ pr9cipal :o p]mits ! tea*+ ( p>tisan politics1 disrespect = ! ,holy ,bible or t ours is an inf]ior =m ( gov]nm5t40 ,a simil> provision relates to tea*]s4#bhi ,two /ates1 on ! o!r h&1 h pass$ laws emphasiz+ a fai? 9 ! integrity & patriotism ( _! tea*]s4 ,al?\gh _! action prec$$ ! legislation ( ! ,_w ,w>1 yet x is significant t !re h be5 no re/rictive laws s9ce !n 9 ^! commonweal?s4 ,9 #aiaa1 ,p5nsylvania sanction$ a policy ( fre$om ( ?\ght = h] tea*]s by decl>+ t 8no religi\s or political te/ or qualification0 %\ld be requir$ ( 8any director1 visitor1 sup]9t5d5t1 tea*]1 or o!r (ficial1 appo9tee1 or employee1 9 ! public s*ools ( ?is commonweal?40#bij ,9 #aiac1 ! ,g5]al ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts =bade any s*ool committee1 by rule1 regulation or o!r means to re/ra9 or p5alize any tea*] = 8ex]cis+ 8 "r ( suffrage1 ! sign+ ( nom9ation pap]s1 & ! petition+ or appe>+ be=e committees ( ! legislature02 b x p]mitt$ s*ool committees to =bid a tea*] to ex]cise any ( ! a=esaid rights1 suffrage except$1 on s*ool premises dur+ s*ool h\rs or :]e ! ex]cise int]f]$ ) ! p]=mance ( s*ool duties4#bia ,( great significance 0 ! ,massa*usetts law ( ,m>* #ag1 #aiag1 :i* expressly prohibit$ inquiries relative to ! religi\s or political belief ( applicants = positions 9 ! public s*ools & =bade ! rejection or selection ( ! applicant on su* gr\nds4#bib ,_m commonweal?s1 h[ev]1 l ,new ,j]sey1 h enact$ laws p]t95t to tea*]s z citiz5s1 b n op5ly & av[$ly 8tea*]0 legislation4 ,su* a law 0 approv$ ,febru>y #ac1 #aiah1 by ! gov]nor ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,x provid$ t 8any p]son :o %all advocate1 9 public or private1 by spee*1 writ+1 pr9t+1 or by any o!r means1 ! subv]sion or de/ruction by =ce ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey1 or attempt by spee*1 writ+1 pr9t+1 or 9 any o!r way :atsoev] to incite or abet1 promote or enc\rage ho/ility or opposition to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey1 %all be guilty ( a high misdemeanor1 & on conviction %all be puni%$ by imprisonm5t = a t]m n exce$+ t5 ye>s1 or by a f9e n exce$+ two ?\s& doll>s1 or by bo? f9e & imprisonm5t1 9 ! discretion ( ! c\rt40#bic ,( all legislation deal+ ) ! tea*+ craft1 t :i* has attempt$ to control & direct ! spee* ( ! tea*] has provok$ ! greate/ prote/4 ,our political developm5t has be5 su* t an int]f]5ce ) ! free expression ( op9ion creates ! impression t a jeal\sly gu>d$ "r has be5 invad$4 ,x is ?is feel+ :i* has l$ to an agitation aga9/ su* laws1 al?\gh ! fe> t a tea*] may be an in/rum5t = corrupt+ 8 pupils is n a product ( rec5t times ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or 9 _w hi/ory4#bid ,,flag ,,legislation ,,& ,,obs]vance ,,days ,legislation conc]n+ ! flag & special obs]vance days takes on ! *>act]i/ics ( o!r laws pass$ s9ce #aiag4 ,"o ( ! fir/ 8flag laws0 0 pass$ 9 #aiah by ,m>yl&4 ,?is law decl>$ z ! purpose ( its enactm5t t 8! love ( lib]ty & democracy1 signifi$ 9 ! devotion ( all true & patriotic ,am]icans to _! flag & to _! c\ntry1 %all be in/ill$ 9 ! he>ts & m9ds ( ! y\? ( ,am]ica40#bie ,two ye>s lat]1 :5 ! tide ( legislation = enc\rag+ patriotism 0 at full flood1 a law embrac+ all s*ools ?r\gh in/itutions ( high] le>n+ pass$ ! legislature4 ,by ?is /atute all public & private s*ools1 ) ! exception ( pr(essional s*ools1 7 requir$ to op5 _! ex]cises 8on at lea/ "o day ( ea* s*ool week1 :e!r morn+1 aft]noon1 or ev5+1 ) ! s++ ( ! #8,/> ,spangl$ ,bann]4'0#bif ,rev]5ce & respect = ! flag 0 ! purpose ( ,oklahoma's /atute 9 #aiba4 ,to insure ob$i5ce to ! law1 :i* 0 applicable to all public1 private1 p>o*ial & d5om9ational s*ools1 ! p5alty ( imprisonm5t or a f9e c\ld be impos$ ^u an (f5d]4 8,any tea*]10 affirm$ ! law1 8neglect+ to display said flag or c>ry out said c]emonial1 or any p]son =bidd+ or h9d]+ ! display ( said flag or ! c>ry+ out ( said c]emonial %all be subject to dis*>ge or removal & %all also be puni%$ by a f9e ( n less ?an "o hundr$ doll>s or m ?an five hundr$ doll>s1 or by imprisonm5t 9 ! c\nty jail = n less ?an sixty days & n m ?an six mon?s1 or bo?40#big ,m9nesota1 9 pass+ 8,an act to provide = ! tea*+ 9 all ! common1 grad$1 & high s*ools ( ?is /ate ( ex]cises t5d+ to promote & inculcate patriotism10 0 actuat$ by a l motive 9 #aiag4 ,"h a half h\r daily mu/ be devot$ to patriotic ex]cises 9 all public s*ools1 & e tea*] %\ld1 by special ex]cises & by ! tea*+ ( subjects especially suitable1 enc\rage & inculcate ! _s ( patriotism4 ,su* ex]cises 7 to consi/ ( ! s++ ( patriotic songs1 read+s f ,am]ican hi/ory & f ! biographies ( ,am]ican /atesm5 & patriots4#bih ,( slightly diff]5t "* 0 ! ag5cy = propagat+ patriotism devis$ by ! ,alabama legislature 9 #aiai1 by :i* 0 e/abli%$ ! 8,alabama ,patriotic ,society40 ,?is organization1 non-political & non-sect>ian1 essay$ z its objects 8to /imulate patriotism among ! p2 to tea* ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,am]ican in/itutions1 or free gov]nm5t2 to develop 9 ! he>ts & m9ds ( ,alabamans a deep] love ( c\ntry & rev]5ce = ! ,am]ican flag2 to exp\nd ! und]ly+ pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation2 to immortalize ! h]oes :o h br\ght fame & r5[n to ,alabama by reason ( _! c\rage & lead]%ip 9 all ! great w>s1 9 :i* ,alabamans h engag$2 to tea* ! p to love _! ,/ate1 to respect h] laws & to support ! ,con/itution ( bo? ! ,/ate & ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2 to br+ ! p toge!r to ! end t unity ( purpose & solid>ity may be promot$2 to hold discussions ( patriotic & political que/ions affect+ ! g5]al welf>e ( ! :ole p1 & to issue educational pamphlets & matt] to aid 9 c>ry+ ! purpose ( ! society fully into effect40#bii ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,octob] twelf? has be5 set aside = appropriate ex]cises 9 ! public s*ools 8to ! consid]ation ( "s topic or topics0 ( /ate hi/ory4#cjj ,9 ,oklahoma1 ,novemb] sixte5? has be5 designat$ = a l purpose 9 ord] to tea* 8loyalty & patriotism0 to /ate & ,union4#cja ,s9ce #aiah1 ! date ,novemb] elev5? has become ! occasion = a commemoration ( ! g5]al rejoic+ :i* 0 caus$ by ! sign+ ( ! ,armi/ice4 ,9 ! /ate ( ,wa%+ton1 ! law has orda9$ t x %all be 8! duty ( ea* tea*] 9 ! public s*ools 4441 or pr9cipal 9 *>ge ( ! s*ool build+1 to 444 pres5t a program ( ex]cises ( at lea/ sixty m9utes 9 l5g?1 sett+ =? ! "p tak5 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! /ate ( ,wa%+ton 9 ! _w w> = ! ye>s #aiag-aiah1 & ! pr9ciples = :i* ! alli$ nations f\ght1 & ! h]oic de$s ( ,am]ican soldi]s & sailors1 ! lead+ ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( our /ate & ( ,wa%+ton ,t]ritory1 ! "* & /ruggles ( ! pione]s1 & o!r topics t5d+ to in/ill a loyalty & devotion to ! in/itutions & laws ( our /ate40 ,we/ ,virg9ia also has recogniz$ ,armi/ice ,day z a "t fitt+ = 8appropriate c]emonies40#cjb ,a jo9t resolution ( ! legislature ( ,m>yl& 9 #aibj memorializ$ ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to designate ,novemb] elev5? ( ea* ye> z a day = national ?anksgiv+4 ,?is day1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly believ$1 _h be5 8made sacr$ to ! he>ts ( ! ,am]ican p1 9 t x 0 ! day on :i* ! _w's greate/ trag$y 0 arre/$ & ! awful pull at ! p's he>t /r+s relax$10 & on :i* 8!re t]m9at$ t w> :i* ov]?rew ! inhuman mon/] :o laid blood-h&s ^u ne>ly e home ( a peace-ble/ e>?40 ,! _w 0 fur!r assur$ on ?is day1 ! lawmak]s decl>$1 t 8! /ruggle ( democratic nations = lib]ty & = righte\sness _h triumph$ ov] ! kultur & ! crime ( ! sci5tific b>b>ians1 & t autocracy & diabolical tyranny lay defeat$ & cru%$ beh9d ! long r[s ( :ite crosses :i* /ret* across ,europe44440 ,! legislators desir$ t ! day %\ld be ! occasion = 8/r5g!n+ ( ^? noble s5tim5ts ( patriotism common to ! ,am]ican p1 & to ! love = ! cause = :i* ! sons ( ,m>yl& f\ght & gave _! lives 9 ! ,_w ,w>10 & x 0 recomm5d$ t ! s*ools obs]ve ! day 9 a 8fitt+ & impressive mann]40#cjc ,an act am5d+ ! law relat+ to holidays 9 ,wiscons91 9 #aibc set aside ,l9coln's & ,wa%+ton's bir?days = commemorative ex]cises 9 ! public s*ools ( t /ate4#cjd ,nor? ,dakota took simil> action1 add+ ,octob] twelf? & ,novemb] elev5? = obs]vance except 9 communities :]e special ex]cises 7 held4#cje ,9 ,mi*igan1 9 addition to obs]vance days previ\sly prescrib$1 ,roosevelt's bir?day1 ,octob] tw5ty-sev5?1 & 8,lib]ty ,day10 ,novemb] elev5?1 h be5 designat$ = 8prop] & appropriate commemorative c]emonies40#cjf ,s\? ,dakota1 9 #aiba1 decl>$ t ,memorial ,day %\ld also be kn[n z 8,citiz5%ip ,day0 9 t /ate1 at :i* "t ea* citiz5 :o _h become tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age dur+ ! ye>1 or :o _h be5 admitt$ into full citiz5%ip ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ t p]iod1 %\ld receive a 8citiz5%ip c]tificate sign$ by ! ,gov]nor1 atte/$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & c\nt]sign$ by ! ,*airman ( ! ,bo>d ( ,c\nty ,commission]s ( ! ,c\nty 9 :i* su* citiz5 resides40 ,! c]tificate includ$ ! "n1 age1 & resid5ce ( ! citiz51 :o also receiv$ a 8manual ( citiz5%ip0 conta9+ 8! ,mayfl[] ,compact1 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,s\? ,dakota10 & 8non-political axioms & discussions ( ! pr9ciples ( popul> citiz5%ip40#cjg ,su* laws 7 b ! outp\r+ ( a dynamic & en?usia/ic patriotism1 & 7 consid]$ by ! legislator ano!r means ( awak5+ & enc\rag+ a love ( c\ntry4 ,,textbook ,,legislation ,few /ates s9ce #aiag h pass$ laws requir+ a uni=m s]ies ( textbooks3 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 ,alabama1 ,arkansas1 ,t5nessee1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,9 all ( ^! /ates1 except ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 textbooks 9 local hi/ory & 9 local & national civics 7 add$ to ! uni=m s]ies 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory4#cjh ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ! /ate textbook commission 0 emp[]$ to select hi/ories = ! elem5t>y grades4 ,! only o!r legislation ( ?is p]iod1 except t design$ to c5sor ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks1 0 ! resolution ( ! ,georgia legislature ( #aiah4 ,?is resolution endors$ ! prep>ation ( a suitable textbook 9 civil gov]nm5t4 ,x came f ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education1 :o1 9 #aiac1 _h condemn$ ! textbook !n 9 use & _h sugge/$ ! readoption ( ,pet]man's ,civil ,gov]nm5t1 tempor>ily1 until "o :i* w\ld be satisfactory c\ld be prep>$4 ,f ! action ( ! legislature 9 #aiah1 x is evid5t t no book _h be5 writt5 :i* met ! approval ( ! ,/ate ,s*ool ,book ,commission4 ,! re/atem5t ( ! resolve ( #aiac m]ely s\ght to call att5tion to ! ne$ = su* a book4#cji ,! out/&+ legislation ( ! p]iod1 :i* deals ) hi/ory textbooks1 results f op5+ ! flood-gates ( appreh5sion reg>d+ ! cont5t ( s*ool hi/ories4 ,x is ! same misgiv+ :i* prompt$ re/rictive legislation reg>d+ ! spee* ( ! tea*] & requir$ an op5 av[al ( allegiance to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"h1 aga91 ! vital ?+ 9 ! m9d ( ! lawmak] is to repress any /atem5ts consid]$ by him z likely to und]m9e ,am]ican patriotism4 ,9 #aiah1 ,new ,york approv$ ano!r ,lusk law prohibit+ ! use ( any textbook :i* conta9$ /atem5ts s$iti\s 9 "*1 disloyal to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or favorable to ! cause ( any enemy c\ntry4 ,! law creat$ a commission compos$ ( ! commission] ( education & two p]sons designat$ by ! ,reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,to ?is body any p]son might pres5t writt5 compla9ts aga9/ textbooks 9 8civics1 economics1 ,engli%1 hi/ory1 language & lit]ature10 :i* 7 !n to be exam9$ 8= ! purpose ( det]m9+ :e!r su* textbooks conta9 any matt] or /atem5ts ( any k9d :i* are s$iti\s 9 "*1 disloyal to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or favorable to ! cause ( any =eign c\ntry ) :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n[ at w>40#caj ,9 case ! commission disapprov$ ( ! book aft] exam9ation1 ! law prescrib$ t ! reasons be =w>d$ to all bo>ds ( education1 :o !n mu/ ab&on ! use ( ! book4 ,x 0 fur!r provid$ t any p]son 9 au?ority cont9u+ to use a condemn$ book w\ld be consid]$ guilty ( a misdemeanor4 ,less dra/ic legislation ?an ! ,new ,york law 0 pass$ 9 ,new ,hamp%ire 9 #aiba1 decl>+ t 8no book %all be introduc$ into ! public s*ools calculat$ to favor any p>ticul> religi\s sect or political p>ty40#caa ,o!r legislation :i* c be consid]$ 9 ! same category 0 pass$ 9 ,alabama1 ,georgia1 ,t5nessee & ,cali=nia1 9 _! prohibition ( 8p>tisan & sect>ian0 books4#cab ,dur+ ! ye>s ( #aibb & #aibc1 sy/ematic ef=ts 7 made by private organizations to control ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks4 ,9 g5]al1 ! criticisms aga9/ ! hi/ories !n 9 use 7 direct$ by patriotic & racial organizations seek+ to revive ! traditional treatm5t ( relations ) ,great ,brita91 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! ,am]ican ,revolution & ! ,w> ( #ahab4cac ,an outgr[? ( ?is agitation aga9/ s*ool hi/ories 0 ! law ( ,wiscons9 approv$ ,april #e1 #aibc4 ,?is /atute has prescrib$ t 8no hi/ory or o!r textbook %all be adopt$ = use or be us$ 9 any di/rict s*ool1 city s*ool1 vocational s*ool or high s*ool1 :i* falsifies ! facts reg>d+ ! w> ( indep5d5ce1 or ! w> ( #ahab or :i* defames our nation's f\nd]s or misrepres5ts ! ideals & causes = :i* !y /ruggl$ & sacrific$1 or :i* conta9s propag&a favorable to any =eign gov]nm5t40 ,! law has also provid$ t a compla9t aga9/ any textbook fil$ by any five citiz5s ) ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 mu/ be he>d )9 ?irty days at ! c\nty seat ( ! c\nty 9 :i* ! compla9ants reside4 ,! /atute has made x ! duty ( ! sup]9t5d5t to pass ^u ! case t5 days foll[+ ! he>+ & to exclude f ! s*ools any book f\nd to conta9 /atem5ts prohibit$ by ! enactm5t4 ,9 #aibe1 a bill embody+ sub/antially ! same _s & phraseology 0 pres5t$ to ! ,massa*usetts ,h\se by ,mr4 ,g>rity ( ,bo/on1 b 0 n enact$ into law4#cad ,oregon has a simil> law4 ,! use ( any textbook has be5 prohibit$ :i* 8speaks slight+ly ( ! f\nd]s ( ! republic1 or ( ! m5 :o pres]v$ ! ,union1 or :i* belittles or und]values _! "w40#cae ,9 ! spr+ ( #aibc1 ! ,assembly ( ! /ate ( ,cali=nia pass$ a bill exclud+ f ! s*ools ( ! /ate any hi/ory or o!r textbook 8:i* falsifies ! facts reg>d+ ! w> ( indep5d5ce1 ! w> ( #ahab1 or any o!r w> ( ?is c\ntry1 or :i* defames our nation's f\nd]s1 def5d]s1 h]oes or patriots1 or misrepres5ts ! ideals & causes = :i* !y /ruggl$ & sacrific$1 or misleads by /at+ b p>tial facts1 or :i* conta9s propag&a t is unfavorable to ?is c\ntry & gov]nm5t1 & favorable to any o!r gov]nm5t or o!r type ( gov]nm5t40 ,! bill met defeat 9 ! ,s5ate4#caf ,9 ! spr+ ( #aibc a bill ( l nature pass$ ! ,s5ate ( ,new ,york b fail$ 9 ! ,l[] ,h\se4 ,by ?is proposal1 kn[n z ! ,higg9s ,bill1 any ,am]ican hi/ory 0 prohibit$ 9 ! prim>y or second>y s*ools ( ! /ate1 8:i* falsifies1 di/orts or d5ies ! acts ( oppression recit$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 or :i*1 if a textbook deal+ ) ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 fails to ref]1 444 to ! pr9cipal acts ( oppression z set =? 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce40 ,x fur!r =bade ! use ( any hi/ory :i* 8belittles1 ridicules1 d\bts or d5ies ! s]vices & sacrifices ( ,am]ican patriots10 or :i* 8emphasizes & enl>ges ^u ! possible human fail+s or %ortcom+s ( su* patriots )\t giv+ at lea/ equal prom95ce to _! virtues or m]its40 ,! bill prescrib$ = prim>y s*ools ! pres5tation ( episodes calculat$ 8to ar\se 9 *ildr5 a ju/ifiable pride0 9 ! w9n+ ( 8our national indep5d5ce40 ,x fur!r plac$ "u ban any textbook :i* 8misrepres5ts0 or 8fails to m5tion 444 ! compell+ causes ( ! respective w>s wag$ 444 aga9/ =eign int]f]5ce1 aggression or encroa*m5t1 or :i* 444 fails to emphasize 444 ! f9al victory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any w> x prosecut$ to a successful conclusion10 or :i* 8belittles or ridicules 444 ,am]ican soldi]s1 sailors or m>9es 9 our w>s aga9/ =eign nations 444 z to leave 444 a contempt0 = !m or 8an unw>rant$ skepticism reg>d+ _! successes "u arms40#cag ,a bill ( l import 0 introduc$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,s5ate 9 #aibd4 ,x includ$ a provision = ! tra9+ ( tea*]s 9 ! be/ me?ods ( tea*+ ,am]ican hi/ory1 z well z ! requirem5t t ,am]ican hi/ory textbooks include ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 89 its entirety10 if deal+ ) ! ,am]ican ,revolution4#cah ,s5ator ,higg9s 0 also responsible = a resolution in/ruct+ ! ,commission] ( ,education to inve/igate ! hi/ory textbooks us$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,new ,york to asc]ta9 :e!r any conta9$ matt] misrepres5t+ ev5ts ( ! ,revolution or ridicul+ ! ,revolution>y patriots4#cai ,9 ,janu>y1 #aibd1 a bill relat+ to ! selection ( ,am]ican hi/ories z textbooks & ref]5ce books 9 ! public s*ools 0 introduc$ into ! ,assembly ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,x 0 design$ to exclude any hi/ory :i* 8belittles1 falsifies1 misrepres5ts1 di/orts1 d\bts or d5ies ! ev5ts lead+ up to ! ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce or any o!r w> 9 :i* ?is c\ntry has be5 engag$1 or :i* belittles1 falsifies1 misrepres5ts1 di/orts1 d\bts or d5ies ! de$s & accompli%m5ts ( not$ ,am]ican patriots1 or :i* que/ions ! wor?9ess ( _! motives or ca/s asp]sions ^u _! lives40#cbj ,a spirit$ prote/ aga9/ ! bill z introduc$ 9 ! ,new ,j]sey ,assembly came f ! faculty ( ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity :o resolv$ t 8su* legislation is 9 direct contrav5tion ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 & calculat$ to impair ! integrity ( education 9 bo? ! public & private in/itutions 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey40#cba ,! ,new ,york ,times also object$ to ! c5sor%ip propos$ 9 t /ate1 decl>+ t x 0 n conceivable t 8any hone/ man w\ld wi% to write textbooks 9 hi/ory = *ildr5 "u su* /atutory prescription10 & ,! ,freeman1 9 an article reg>d+ ! ,wiscons9 law1 po9t$ out t 8hi/orians sometimes f9d x a difficult matt] to get at ! tru? 9 reg>d to ! pa/1 b = ! sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools 9 ! /ate ( ,wiscons9 x is no job at all44440#cbb ,,am]icanization ,,( ,,=eign]s ,! desire to in/il a k ( ,am]ican in/itutions has l$ to mu* legislation = ! education ( ! =eign elem5t 9 our population4 ,"s /ates h attempt$ to elim9ate illit]acy by ev5+ classes = adults1 by cont9uation s*ools & l means4 ,9 all cases1 ! tea*+ ( ! ,engli% language has be5 a prim>y purpose1 z well z tra9+ 9 a k ( ,am]ican in/itutions4 ,h[ev]1 n all ,am]icanization laws h def9itely /at$ ! purpose ( tra9+ 9 citiz5%ip1 & !re=e d n come prop]ly into ?is discussion4 ,s9ce #aiag m ?an "o-?ird ( ! /ates h enact$ legislation = ! purpose ( develop+ a love = ?is c\ntry 9 ! =eign born4#cbc ,9 t ye>1 ,cali=nia inaugurat$ ! policy ( 8home tea*]s0 to visit ! homes ( pupils in/ruct+ bo? *ildr5 & adults 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to 8s*ool att5dance1 sanitation1 ! ,engli% language1 & 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican sy/em ( gov]nm5t & ! rights & duties ( citiz5%ip40#cbd ,two ye>s lat]1 ?is enactm5t 0 foll[$ by ano!r law = ! tea*+ ( civic & vocational subjects 9 ev5+ classes1 9 :i* in/ruction 0 provid$ 9 ! 8duties & responsibilities ( citiz5%ip0 = ^? unable to speak or read ! ,engli% language to ! pr(ici5cy ( ! six? grade4#cbe ,9 #aiba1 ,cali=nia cont9u$ h] ,am]icanization program by approv+ a law to provide = ! e/abli%m5t ( classes = tra9+ 9 citiz5%ip = applicants :o _h fil$ _! decl>ation ( int5tion to become citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & = o!r p]sons desir+ su* in/ruction4 ,! c\rse ( /udy includes ! tea*+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 /ate & community civics1 ! 8con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) special ref]5ce to ^? sections 9 ! con/itution :i* relate directly to ! duties1 privileges & rights ( ! individuals1 & su* alli$ subjects 444 z %all prop]ly prep>e su* applicants to und]/& & assume ! responsibilities ( citiz5%ip40#cbf ,9 #aiah1 ,new ,york pass$ a law necessitat+ ! att5dance ( all non-,engli% speak+ & illit]ate m9ors at s*ool or at classes e/abli%$ by employ]s 9 %ops1 /ores1 factories1 or plants 9 :i* 7 taught ,engli% & civics4#cbg ,9 #aiba1 x became a duty ( ! commission] ( education to see t s*ools = ! education ( ^! illit]ate gr\ps be e/abli%$1 9 :i* %\ld be taught 8,engli%1 hi/ory1 civics1 & o!r subjects t5d+ to promote good citiz5%ip & increase vocational effici5cy44440#cbh ,9 ,massa*usetts1 p[] has be5 grant$ to ! director ( ! division ( immigration & ,am]icanization1 ) ! approval ( an advisory bo>d1 to employ me?ods :i* w develop 9 ! =eign born 8an und]/&+ ( ,am]ican gov]nm5t1 in/itutions & ideals40#cbi ,arizona's law ( #aiah p]mitt$ ! e/abli%m5t ( night s*ools 9 s*ool di/ricts = ^? ov] sixte5 :o 7 unable to read or write ! ,engli% language1 9 :i* !re 0 to be in/ruction 9 8,am]ican ideals0 & an 8und]/&+ ( ,am]ican in/itutions40#ccj ,! ye> #aiai saw ! adoption ( ,am]icanization programs by ! legislatures ( ,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m9nesota1 ,oklahoma1 ,utah1 ,montana & ,cali=nia 9 :i* ! purpose ( tea*+ ,am]ican ideals & in/itutions receiv$ express m5tion4 ,ma9e's /atute1 design$ = ^? p]sons 8( normal m5tality ov] eighte5 ye>s ( age :o are unable to read1 to write1 & to speak ! ,engli% language to a reasonable degree ( effici5cy10 prescrib$ ! tea*+ ( 8! duties ( citiz5s 9 a democracy0 & ( 8su* o!r subjects z w increase _! civic intellig5ce40#cca ,9 h] legislation1 ,new ,hamp%ire call$ = 8! abolition ( illit]acy & ! in/ruction ( illit]ates ov] sixte5 ye>s ( age 9 ! common s*ool bran*es & 9 ! privileges1 duties & responsibilities ( citiz5%ip40 ,immigrants ov] sixte5 ye>s ( age 7 to be taught 8to appreciate & respect ! civic & social in/itutions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 & to be in/ruct$ 89 ! duties ( citiz5%ip10 :i* are 8an ess5tial "p ( public s*ool education40#ccb ,9 ,rhode ,isl&1 p betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 unable to read & write ,engli% or to speak x ) reasonable facility1 h be5 giv5 ! privilege ( a cont9uation s*ool held = ! purpose ( tea*+ ! ,engli% language & ,am]ican citiz5%ip4#ccc ,p5nsylvania's attempt to cope ) ! problem has l$ to ! passage ( an act 8to provide in/ruction 9 citiz5%ip & ! pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & ( ?is commonweal? to =eign-born resid5ts ( ! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 9 ! sev]al c\nties !re(1 :o are n requir$ to att5d ! public s*ools ( ?is commonweal?40#ccd ,! ,delaw>e law 0 design$ = ! =eign-born ov] sixte5 ye>s ( age n able to speak ,engli%1 b :o1 ?r\gh ev5+ classes1 might be in/ruct$ 9 t language & 89 ! in/itutions & =ms ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,/ate ( ,delaw>e40#cce ,an appropriation ( ! ,m9nesota legislature ( #aiai1 to c>ry out a provision ( an ,am]icanization law ( #aiag1 became available = "w provid+ = in/ruction 9 ,engli% = ^? ^: k is too limit$ to c>ry on bus9ess or to read intellig5tly p]iodicals & newspap]s1 & 9 ! ess5tial & vital facts ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 ,am]ican gov]nm5t & ideals1 & ! duties & obligations ( citiz5%ip4#ccf ,by a jo9t resolution ( #aiai ! ,oklahoma legislature creat$ a committee on ,am]icanization & made x incumb5t ^u public s*ool (ficials to organize classes 9 ,engli% & 9 citiz5%ip in/ruction :]ev] a petition sign$ by t5 resid5ts ( =eign bir? ov] sixte5 ye>s ( age 0 pres5t$ to !m4#ccg ,a m9imum ( two hundr$ h\rs ( in/ruction dur+ ! s*ool ye> aid$ ,utah 9 h] ,am]icanization program :i* includ$ classes 9 ! 8fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,am]ican hi/ory1 & su* o!r subjects z be> on ,am]icanization40#cch ,montana's legislation1 design$ = ^? ov] sixte5 ye>s ( age :o 7 n famili> ) ! ,engli% language1 provid$ = in/ruction 9 8,am]ican hi/ory & ! ,pr9ciples ( ,citiz5%ip & any o!r s*ool subjects :i* ! s*ool tru/ees deem necess>y = ! ,am]icanization ( ! /ud5ts enroll$40#cci ,! ,am]icanization movem5t 0 fur!r aid$ by a law approv$ ,april #ai1 #aibj1 9 :i* ,new ,j]sey provid$ in/ruction = ! =eign born resid5ts ( h] /ate1 ov] f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 9 ,engli% & 89 ! =m ( gov]nm5t & ! laws ( ?is ,/ate & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40#cdj ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) an exposition ( ! privileges & ! duties ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip t5d+ to produce a _s ( loyalty1 7 phases ( ! ,am]icanization programs ( ,ohio1 ,idaho1 ,wyom+1 & ,oregon 9 #aiba4cda ,9 ! la/ /ate1 8home tea*]s10 ^: duty x is to in/ruct 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican sy/em ( gov]nm5t & ! rights & duties ( citiz5%ip1 7 nam$ z an aid 9 c>ry+ on ! "w ( ,am]icanization4#cdb ,9 ,mi*igan1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction has be5 giv5 p[] to provide = ! education ( ali5s & ( native illit]ates ov] eighte5 ye>s ( age :o are unable 8to read1 write & speak ! ,engli% language & :o are unle>n$ 9 ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t0 ( ,mi*igan & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#cdc ,9 g5]al1 ! mo/ popul> means = educat+ ! ali5 population is by att5dance at a night s*ool1 :]e1 ?r\gh ev5+ classes1 tea*]s regul>ly employ$ 9 ! public s*ools seek to in/ruct 9 ! ,engli% language & 9 an appreciation ( & respect = 8! civic & social in/itutions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,new ,york has tri$ ! employ]s' s*ool to effect ! same purpose1 :]eas 8home tea*]s0 are endors$ by ,cali=nia & ,oregon4 ,9 ! f\r ye>s prec$+ ! outbreak ( ! ,_w ,w>1 #e1agd1gja immigrants came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( :om #bb4a 7 unable to read & write any language4 ,9 #aibj1 ne>ly "o & a half million1 or #aa p] c5t1 ( ! =eign-born :ites 9 ?is c\ntry c\ld n speak ,engli%4 ,= ?is gr\p1 ev5 m ?an = ! native elem5t1 has x seem$ wise to enc\rage education1 because x has become a common belief t a lack ( education endang]s ! well-be+ ( ! /ate4 ,,footnotes3 #bbh ,report ( ! ,committee on ,social ,/udies ( ! ,commission on ! ,reorganization ( ,second>y ,education ( ! ,national ,education ,association1 8,! ,social ,/udies 9 ,second>y ,education10 ,bullet91 #aiaf1 ,no4 #bh1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior 7,wa%+ton1 #aiaf74 #bbi ,accord+ to a /atem5t 9 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,m>* #cj1 #aibd1 ! ,national ,security ,league has be5 p>tly responsible = _m enactm5ts requir+ ! tea*+ ( ! f$]al con/itution4 #bcj ,g5]al ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #aiag1 *4 #fj1 sec4 #abgg1 p4 #cja4 #bca ,laws ( ,montana1 #aiag1 *4 #abh1 p>4 #fja1 p4 #cji2 ,dige/ ( ! ,/atutes ( ,arkansas1 #aiai1 *4 #aeh1 p>4 #ijff1 p4 #edg4 ,accept$ ,febru>y #bj1 #aiag4 #bcb ,9 #aiba1 ,new ,hamp%ire includ$ 9 h] curriculum ! /udy ( hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 9 a law to re9/ate =eign languages z a /udy 9 ! public s*ools4 ,9 #aiai hi/ory & civics 7 requir$ = all s*ools4 ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aiba1 *4 #he1 sec4 #aj7c71 p4 #abe2 ibid41 #aiai1 *4 #ajf1 sec4 #ac7a74 ,9 #aiah1 ,connecticut c>ri$ ov] a law f ! ,revision ( #aijb prescrib+ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,connecticut1 #aiah1 *4 #dd1 sec4 #hce1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cjh4 ,p5nsylvania incorporat$ a law ( #aiaa prescrib+ in/ruction 9 g5]al hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 9 h] ,/atute ,law ( #aibj1 ,dige/ ( ! ,/atute ,law ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aibj1 p>4 #eajb1 p4 #dgj4 ,9 ,k5tucky1 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 /ate hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t 7 requir$ 9 #aiah1 c>ri$ ov] f a law ( #ahic4 ,/atutes ( ,k5tucky1 #aiah1 art4 ,,iii1 p>4 #dchc1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #hff2 ,laws1 #aiaf1 *4 #bd1 art4 ,,iii1 sec4 #bd1 p4 #afb4 ,9 ,texas 9 ! ,compil$ ,/atutes ( #aibj1 0 aga9 includ$ a law requir+ ! tea*+ ( civil gov]nm5t & /ate & national hi/ory4 ,/atutes ( ,texas1 #aibj1 art4 #bghc1 p4 #dfg4 #bcc ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #aiai1 #bbhc1 sec4 #aa1 p4 #cef4 ,?is is f\nd also 9 ,laws1 ,special ,session1 #aibj1 #ig? ,assembly1 sec4 #ab1 ,vol4 ,,xxxi1 p4 #aac4 #bcd ,g5]al ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aiai1 art4 #c1 p4 #ega2 ,acts ( ,georgia1 #aiai1 sec4 #ah1 p4 #bie4 #bce ,compilation ( ! ,/atutes ( ,t5nessee1 #aiag1 art4 ,,xv1 #adec1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ihc1 ibid41 #aded4 #bcf ,/atutes ( ,texas1 op4 cit4 #bcg ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiai1 sec4 #geaa1 p4 #aed4 #bch ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #aiag1 *4 #edi1 p4 #gbh4 ,approv$ ,may #ah1 #aiag4 ,x 0 ! same = ! social /udies = ! elem5t>y s*ools 9 #aiba4 ,/atutes1 #aiba1 *4 #dhf1 p4 #gci4 ,a law ( ,ill9ois 9 :i* in/ruction 0 to be devot$ to 8rais+ ! /&>d ( good citiz5%ip0 0 pass$ 9 #aiji1 & 0 /ill on ! /atute books 9 #aiag4 ,revis$ ,/atutes1 #aiag1 p4 #bgc4 #bci ,revis$ ,code ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiai1 p>4 #gffj1 p4 #aiag4 ,s\rce #aiah1 *4 #ci4 #bdj ,/atutes ( ,texas1 #aibj1 art4 #bijd1 aa1 p4 #dib4 ,acts1 #aiah1 *4 #ag1 sec4 #a1 p4 #bi4 #bda ,ibid41 approv$ ,m>* #bj1 #aiah4 #bdb ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #aiah1 *4 #bda1 art4 ,,xxvi-,c1 secs4 #gje1 #gjf1 pp4 #hhf-hhg4 ,see ! discussion "u ,oa?s ( ,allegiance z ,tea*] ,requirem5t = a /atem5t reg>d+ ! repeal ( ! ,lusk ,law4 #bdc ,g5]al ,acts ( ,massa*usetts1 #aiah1 pp4 #bid-bie2 ,acts1 #aibj1 *4 #daa1 p4 #dah4 ,g5]al ,/atutes ( ,connecticut1 #aiah1 *4 #de1 sec4 #heb1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cab4 ,9 #aijc1 ,connecticut 0 a pione] 9 ?is =m ( law1 :i* 0 slightly *ang$ 9 #aiae4 ,at ?is "t x 0 prescrib$ t normal s*ools & tea*] tra9+ s*ools %\ld give in/ruction conc]n+ me?ods ( tea*+ citiz5%ip1 includ+ ! k ( ! =m ( ! national & local gov]nm5ts4 ,connecticut left h] law ( #aiae un*ang$ 9 h] ,g5]al ,/atutes ( #aiah4 #bdd ,acts ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aiai1 *4 #abe1 p4 #cjd4 #bde ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aiai1 sec4 #afjg1 pp4 #edd-ede4 ,am5ds an act ( ,may #ah1 #aiaa4 ,9 #aiba ! law relat+ to c\rses ( in/ruction = public & private elem5t>y s*ools 0 am5d$ b c>ri$ ) x ! requirem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ,p5nsylvania1 & civics includ+ 8loyalty to ! /ate & national gov]nm5t40 ,commonweal? ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ,! ,s*ool ,law 444 #aiba1 sec4 #afjg1 p4 #aaf4 #bdf ,laws ( ,ohio1 #aiai1 secs4 #gfde & #ggfb1 p4 #edb4 ,approv$ ,june #f1 #aiai4 ,acts ( ,i[a1 #aiai1 *4 #djf1 p4 #ece4 ,approv$ ,april #be1 #aiai4 ,private z well z public s*ools 7 includ$4 ,laws ( ,kansas1 #aiai1 *4 #beg1 secs4 #b & #c1 p4 #ceb2 ,session ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #aiai1 p4 #ej4 ,alabama 9 #aiai add$ community civics to h] elem5t>y s*ool curriculum b m]ely enum]at$ h] subjects4 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aiai1 art4 #c1 sec4 #g1 p4 #ega4 #bdg ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #aibj1 *4 #fef1 p4 #abdh4 #bdh ,resolves ( ,ma9e1 #aiba1 *4 #be1 p4 #bg4 #bdi ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aiba1 *4 #he1 sec4 #e7c71 p4 #aad4 #bej ,acts ( ,mi*igan1 #aiba1 no4 #bji1 secs4 #a1 #b4 ,cf4 ,i[a's law ( #aiba1 page #hj4 #bea ,wiscons9 ,session ,laws1 #aiba1 *4 #ha1 p4 #aeb4 ,am5ds sec4 #dj4 #cj4 #beb ,laws ( ,ill9ois1 #aiba 7,h\se ,bill1 no4 #dhc71 pp4 #hbj-hba4 #bec ,acts ( ,i[a1 #aiba 7,s4 ,f4 #ggj71 pp4 #ha-hb2 ,laws ( ,nebraska1 #aiba1 *4 #ec1 sec4 #fibd1 p4 #bcj4 #bed ,acts ( ,oklahoma1 #aiba1 *4 #aab1 secs4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( in/ruction _h p[] ( en=cem5t4 ,9 case ( a violation a f9e ( n less ?an #ajj & n m ?an #ejj or imprisonm5t 9 ! c\nty jail = n less ?an ?irty days nor m ?an six mon?s1 or bo?1 may be ! p5alty4 ,a tea*] is subject to dis*>ge or removal 9 case ( malfeasance & a college 7corporation7 is liable to a revocation ( its *>t]4 #bee ,laws ( ,colorado1 #aiba1 *4 #baf1 p4 #gbh4 ,approv$ ,april #e1 #aiba4 #bef ,acts ( ,arizona1 #aiba1 *4 #adj1 sec4 #a1 p4 #cab4 #beg ,/atutes ( ,nevada1 #aiba1 p4 #bh 7,s5ate ,bill ,no4 #dc74 #beh ,laws ( ,new ,mexico1 #aiba1 *4 #agb1 p4 #cfd4 ,see law ( #aiab1 page #eb4 #bei ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aiba1 *4 #dhf1 p4 #gci4 ,see page #dc4 #bfj ,acts ( ,virg9ia1 #aibb1 p4 #fi 7am5d+ section #gjb ( ! ,code74 ,virg9ia ,s*ool ,laws1 #aibc1 p4 #da2 ,public ,laws ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aibb1 *4 #baie1 sec4 #ag4 #bfa ,laws ( ,utah1 #aiba1 *4 #ie1 p4 #bhd4 ,approv$ ,m>* #e1 #aiba4 #bfb ,laws ( ,nevada1 #aiag1 *4 #adf1 p4 #bde4 ,approv$ ,m>* #ba1 #aiag4 ,?is 0 less ?an "o mon? be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates ent]$ ! ,_w ,w>1 & ! av[al ( s]vice 9 peace or 9 w>1 !re=e1 acquires a peculi> significance4 ,see page #ha = ,nevada's law ( #aiba4 #bfc ,compil$ ,/atutes ( ,idaho1 #aiai1 p4 #bfi1 p>4 #idd4 ,f ! ,political ,code1 #aija1 sec4 #ajfg1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cbi4 ,see page #ba = ! fir/ discussion ( ! law4 #bfd 8,9 all public s*ools ( ?is /ate x %all be ! duty ( ea* & e tea*] to tea* morality1 = ! purpose ( elevat+ & ref9+ ! "* ( s*ool *ildr5 up to ! highe/ plane ( life2 t !y may "k h[ to conduct !mselves z social be+s 9 relation to ea* o!r1 z respects "r & wrong & rectitude ( life1 4440 ,/atutes ( ,wiscons91 #aiag1 #dj4 #cj 7#e71 p4 #cgf4 #bfe ,/atem5t ( ! ,arkansas law4 ,cf4 ,oklahoma law pass$ 9 #aiba1 page #hj4 #bff ,dige/ ( ,s*ool ,laws 444 ( ,arkansas 444 #aibc1 p4 #aff4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bc1 #aibc1 ?is law provides t no p]son c graduate f high s*ool )\t at lea/ "o full ye>'s "w 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & civics4 ,s*ool ,laws ( ,mississippi1 #aibd1 *4 #bhc1 p4 #c2 ,s*ool ,laws ( ,ohio1 #aibc1 p4 #da2 ,public ,s*ool ,laws ( ,t5nessee 444 #aibc1 p4 #ce2 ,acts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aibc1 *4 #aj1 sec4 #ib1 p4 #dj2 ,/ate ( ,kansas1 ,s5ate ,bill ,no4 #ac1 repeal+ ,sec4 #gb-aajc ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,kansas1 #aibc4 #bfg ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aibc1 p4 #hg1 approv$ ,july #bg1 #aibc2 ,s*ool ,laws ( ! ,/ate ( ,idaho 7#aibc71 p4 #eg2 ,acts ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aibc1 *4 #ag1 p4 #ag2 ,laws ( ,oregon1 #aibc1 *4 #g1 sec4 #ajb2 ,laws ( ,utah1 #aibc1 *4 #d1 approv$ ,janu>y #bg1 #aibc2 ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #aibd1 *4 #fd1 article #bf-;d1 sec4 #gjg1 approv$ ,m>* #bd1 #aibd4 ,s*ool ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #aibc1 pp4 #fb-fc4 ,! ,public ,s*ool ,law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,codification ( #aibc1 p4 #abj4 #bfh ,s*ool ,legislation ( ! ,?irty-,eigh? ,legislature 7( ,texas71 pp4 #cf-cg4 ,! ,texas requirem5t comes ?r\gh a resolution ( ! ,s5ate ( ! /ate ) ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives concurr+1 because 8! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ! ,texas ,b> ,association1 ! b> associations ( v>i\s o!r /ates1 z well z o!r patriotic societies1 are advocat+ ! tea*+ ( ! ,con/itutions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! sev]al /ates 9 ! public s*ools40 #bfi ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aibc1 *4 #bia1 p4 #chh4 ,approv$ ,april #ag1 #aibc4 #bgj ,laws ( ,new ,mexico1 #aibc1 *4 #adh1 sec4 #adag1 p4 #cbe2 also ,new ,mexico ,s*ool ,code1 #aibc1 p4 #cd4 #bga ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aibc1 *4 #agf1 secs4 #a & #b4 ,georgia ,s*ool ,code 444 #aibc1 p4 #gj1 approv$ ,augu/ #bj1 #aibc4 #bgb ,! foll[+ provide t ! c\rse />t n lat] ?an ! eigh? grade3 ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aibc1 *4 #agf2 ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aibc1 p4 #hg1 law approv$ ,july #bg1 #aibc2 ,s*ool ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #aibc1 pp4 #fb-fc1 approv$ ,m>* #ad1 #aibc2 ,s*ool ,laws ( ! ,/ate ( ,idaho 7#aibc71 p4 #eg2 ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aibc1 *4 #bia1 p4 #chh1 approv$ ,april #ag1 #aibc2 ,oregon ,s*ool ,laws1 #aibc1 p4 #ci1 ,laws1 #aibc1 *4 #g1 sec4 #ajb2 ,public ,s*ool ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #aibc1 p4 #ce1 ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #aibc1 *4 #ag1 sec4 #a1 pp4 #fa-fb4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey1 ! sev5? grade is prescrib$ = ! beg9n+ ( ! /udy4 ,acts ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aibc1 *4 #ag1 p4 #ag4 ,9 ,arkansas1 x is requir$ t 8su* tea*+ %all comm5ce 9 ! l[e/ prim>y grade10 b ,arkansas hi/ory may be sub/itut$ = ,am]ican hi/ory 9 "o ( ! grades4 ,dige/ ( ,s*ool ,laws ( ,arkansas1 op4 cit4 #bgc ,congressional ,record1 #fh? ,cong41 #b;d ,sess41 ,vol4 ,,lxvi1 ,no4 #gg1 pp4 #ecif-ecih4 ,! five /ates n enact+ social /udy laws = ! curriculum 7#aiag to #aibd7 are ,florida1 ,m>yl&1 ,miss\ri1 ,nor? ,dakota1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #bgd ,few /ates dur+ ?is p]iod h enact$ new laws requir+ ! exam9ation ( tea*]s 9 ! social /udies4 ,nevada1 by a law ( #aiba1 has requir$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 civics & curr5t ev5ts = elem5t>y s*ool c]tificates4 ,laws ( ,nevada1 #aiba1 *4 #bjh1 sec4 #be1 p4 #cjb4 ,9 #aibc1 ,t5nessee prescrib$ t all p]sons apply+ = a c]tificate to become tea*]s or sup]9t5d5ts 9 ! public s*ools mu/ pass a satisfactory exam9ation ^u ! provisions & ! pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #aibc1 *4 #ag1 sec4 #b4 ,wa%+ton1 likewise1 by an enactm5t ( #aibc1 has prescrib$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory = a /&>d elem5t>y c]tificate4 ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #aibc1 p4 #egi4 ,florida1 9 #aibc1 enact$ legislation requir+ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 includ+ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = prim>y & ?ird grade c]tificates1 civics = second grade1 & g5]al hi/ory1 9 addition to ! o!r social /udies = a fir/ grade lic5se4 ,compilation ( ,s*ool ,laws ( ,florida1 #aibc1 ,supplem5t1 pp4 #d-e4 ,m>yl&1 9 #aibb1 requir$ ,unit$ ,/ates & ,m>yl& hi/ory & community civics = elem5t>y s*ool c]tificates4 ,m>yl& ,public ,s*ool ,laws1 #aibb1 p4 #dj4 ,see pages #eb-ef4 ,i[a1 9 #aibd1 made m&atory a k ( 8! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( a republican =m ( gov]nm5t & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! ,/ate ( ,i[a40 ,code ( ,i[a1 #aibd1 *4 #aic1 sec4 #chfb4 ,kansas1 9 #aibe1 prescrib$ ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t = c]tification4 ,see ,s5ate ,bill ,no4 #ac1 #aibe4 #bge ,public ,acts ( ,mi*igan1 #aiae1 p4 #ac4 #bgf ,/atutes ( ,nevada1 #aiae1 *4 #bgd1 secs4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bf1 #aiae4 #bgg ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aiae1 approv$ ,may #bj1 #aiae4 ,s*ool ,laws ( ,cali=nia1 #aiba1 p4 #bjc4 ,?is law does n =bid ali5s to tea* 9 colleges & univ]sities4 #bgh ,see page #gf4 ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #aiag1 *4 #daf1 p>4 #efh1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #abhj4 #bgi ,ibid41 #aiai1 *4 #abj1 #c1 p4 #bah4 ,law1 ,m>* #ca1 #aiai4 ,ibid41 #aiah1 *4 #aeh1 p>4 #eej1 p4 #gdi4 ,approv$ ,april #d1 #aiah4 #bhj ,ibid41 #aiba1 p>4 #eee;a1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bjdh4 #bha ,ibid4 #bhb ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #aiai1 sec4 #a1 p4 #hb2 ,laws ( ,nebraska1 #aiai1 *4 #bej1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ajbj2 ,acts ( ,mi*igan1 #aiai 7no4 #bbj71 sec4 #a1 p4 #cib2 ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #aiai1 *4 #ia1 p4 #bbc2 ,compil$ ,/atutes ( ,idaho1 #aiai1 p>4 #idf1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bgj4 ,idaho1 9 h] ,laws ( #aiba1 has ano!r enactm5t1 b x has ! same purpose2 ,laws ( #aiba1 sec4 #gg1 p4 #dfd4 ,laws ( ,montana1 #aiai1 *4 #aif1 sec4 #ah1 p4 #dbi1 am5d+ law ( #aije1 by :i* any tea*] hold+ a c]tificate & n a citiz5 0 giv5 "t 7six mon?s7 to decl>e 8 int5tion4 ,political ,code1 *4 #gg1 sec4 #aiab1 p4 #afg4 ,= ,cali=nia's law see ,s*ool ,law ( ,cali=nia1 #aiba1 p4 #bjc4 ,nor? ,dakota's previ\s citiz5%ip requirem5t is discuss$ on page #cd4 ,see ,laws ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #aiba1 *4 #aaa1 p4 #ij4 ,accord+ to lett]s receiv$ f ! /ate sup]9t5d5ts ( ,mississippi & ,m>yl&1 ali5s are n p]mitt$ to tea* 9 ^? /ates4 #bhc ,laws ( ,ohio1 #aiai1 supplem5ts #gheb ( ,g5]al ,code1 sec4 #gheb-a1 p4 #ead4 ,laws ( ,colorado1 #aiba1 *4 #bac1 sec4 #a1 p4 #gai4 ,laws ( ,oregon1 #aiba1 *4 #aae1 p4 #bbf1 approv$ ,febru>y #ah1 #aiba4 #bhd ,/atutes ( ,nevada1 #aiba1 sec4 #ch1 p4 #cjc4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bb1 #aiba4 ,?is 0 requir$ ( all tea*]s paid by ! /ate1 ev5 ^? 9 ! ,univ]sity4 #bhe ,acts ( ,oklahoma1 #aiba1 *4 #ae1 p4 #ada4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bd1 #aiba4 #bhf ,! ,s*ool ,law ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aibc1 p4 #dd4 ,accord+ to ! sup]9t5d5ts ( public in/ruction 9 ,rhode ,isl& & ,kansas a pl$ge to support ! national & /ate con/itutions is a requirem5t 9 ^? /ates = all tea*]s4 ,see ,tea*]s' ,pl$ge ( ,loyalty1 ,rhode ,isl& ,public ,education ,s]vice1 & ,tea*]s ,contract1 ,/ate ( ,kansas4 #bhg ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiba1 *4 #baj1 p4 #cag4 ,approv$ ,febru>y #a1 #aiba4 ,?is law became effective at once1 because x 0 8necess>y = ! imm$iate pres]vation ( ! public safety & = ! support ( ! /ate gov]nm5t & its exi/+ public in/itutions40 #bhh ,oklahoma ,s*ool ,laws1 #aibc1 p4 #ah2 ,acts ( ,oklahoma1 #aiba1 *4 #ae1 sec4 #b1 p4 #ada4 ,cali=nia ,assembly ,bill1 ,no4 #acbi1 #aibc1 sec4 #f4 8,any tea*] or (ficial ( any educational in/itution 9 ,cali=nia :o %all tea* or speak be=e 8 or h] pupils or public ga!r+s ( an educational nature1 or publicly1 slight+ly or contemptu\sly ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( ! fram]s !re(1 or ( ! m5 :o f\nd$ ?is republic1 or help$ pres]ve & def5d x1 or its h]oes & patriots1 or %all tea* un-,am]ican pr9ciples1 or fail to c>ry out & support ! _s ( ?is act accord+ to its true int5t & mean+1 %all be deem$ to h volunt>ily violat$ 8 or h] contract or oa? ( (fice & %all be automatically remov$ if ! *>ges are prov544440 ,see page #ajb = ! section ( ! bill relat+ to textbooks4 #bhi #fh? ,congress1 ,public--,no4 #eie--;,h4 ,r4 #abjcc4 ,an act mak+ appropriations = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & o!r activities *>geable 9 :ole or 9 "p aga9/ ! rev5ues ( su* ,di/rict = ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aibf1 & = o!r purposes4 ,accord+ to ,! ,_w ,tomorr[1 8,miss\ri atta*$ a rid] to its la/ appropriation bill =bidd+ ,/ate colleges & s*ools to employ any p]son #8:o tea*es1 or advocates 9 public & private t ! citiz5s ( ?is ,/ate %\ld n protect ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f aggression by o!r nations4'0 ,! ,_w ,tomorr[1 ,vol4 ,,viii 7,june1 #aibe71 p4 #ahf4 #bij ,/atute ,law ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aibj1 art4 ,,xxviii1 p>4 #ecic1 p4 #did4 ,public ,laws1 #aiaa1 art4 ,,xxviii1 p>4 #bhja1 p4 #cji1 ,may #ah4 ,?is is q ! opposite ( ,arkansas' law :i* prescrib$ t all tea*]s mu/ believe 9 a 8,supreme ,be+40 #bia ,g5]al ,acts ( ,massa*usetts1 #aiac1 *4 #fbh1 p4 #eef4 ,approv$ ,may #h1 #aiac4 #bib ,ibid41 #aiag1 *4 #hd1 p4 #gf4 ,a f9e ( no m ?an fifty doll>s c\ld be impos$ = violation ( ?is law4 #bic ,laws ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aiah1 *4 #dd1 sec4 #b1 p4 #aca4 ,laws h be5 pass$ 9 ,cali=nia1 ,connecticut1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1 ,l\isiana1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 ,nebraska1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,oregon1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,mississippi1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 #bid ,socrates is an example ( "o :o1 9 anci5t times1 0 p5aliz$ = hold+ doctr9es !n unacceptable4 #bie ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #aiah1 *4 #ge1 sec4 #a1 #agf;a1 p4 #aba4 ,approv$ ,april #aj1 #aiah4 #bif ,ibid41 #aibj1 *4 #cha1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ffe4 ,approv$ ,april #af1 #aibj4 ,9 ,mi*igan all applicants = an eigh? grade diploma h be5 requir$ to pass an exam9ation on 8! fir/ v]se ( ! ,/> ,spangl$ ,bann] & ! words ( ,am]ica40 ,g5]al ,s*ool ,laws ( ,mi*igan1 #aibc1 p4 #ajg1 am4 #aiai1 act #gb 7#bge71 p>4 #ehbd1 sec4 #b4 #big ,acts ( ,oklahoma1 #aiba1 *4 ,,iii1 p4 #acg4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bd1 #aiba4 #bih ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aiag1 *4 #ajh1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ace4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bf1 #aiag4 #bii ,g5]al ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aiai1 no4 #gcc1 p4 #ajhc4 ,see page #fb = a law ( ,oregon pass$ 9 #aiba4 #cjj ,public ,s*ool ,law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pt4 ,,xiii1 art4 #ch1 sec4 #cfg4 #cja ,s*ool ,laws ( ,oklahoma1 #aibc1 p4 #fi2 ,session ,laws1 #aiba1 sec4 #cdb4 #cjb ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #aiba1 *4 #ef1 p4 #aga4 8,victory & ,admission ,day40 ,cali=nia add$ ,armi/ice ,day to h] legal holidays 9 #aiba1 likewise includ+ 8,admission ,day0 on ,septemb] n9?4 ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aiba1 *4 #cej1 p4 #dha4 ,s*ool ,law ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aibc1 p4 #cb4 #cjc ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 #aibj1 pp4 #addh-addi4 #cjd ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #aibc1 *4 #ccg1 am5d+ section #dj4bh ( ! /atutes4 #cje ,educational ,laws ( ,nor? ,dakota1 #aibc1 *4 #bhb1 p4 #de4 ,see page #fb = ,oregon's law ( #aiba sett+ aside ,columbus ,day = obs]vance4 #cjf ,g5]al ,s*ool ,laws ( ,mi*igan1 #aibc1 p4 #ajg4 #cjg ,laws ( ,s\? ,dakota1 #aiba1 *4 #add1 secs4 #a1 #b1 pp4 #bce-bcf4 ,! c]tificates 7 to be pres5t$ ) prop] c]emony at "s place :]e !re 7 patriotic addresses & music4 ,approv$ ,m>* #h1 #aiba4 ,9 ,s\? ,dakota an obs]vance ( 8,frances ,will>d ,day10 besides ! recognition ( ! b5efits ( prohibition1 _h ! additional duty ( /imulat+ 8patriotism & civic improvem5ts40 ,revis$ ,code1 #aiai1 p>4 #gffb4 ,wa%+ton set aside ,janu>y sixte5? z 8,temp]ance & ,good ,citiz5%ip ,day0 = /udy+ ! biographies ( great lead]s 9 8temp]ance & good citiz5%ip40 ,session ,laws ( ,wa%+ton1 #aibc1 *4 #gf1 p4 #bcf4 #cjh ,acts ( ,georgia1 #aiai1 sec4 #ah1 p4 #bie2 ,laws ( ,florida1 #aiag1 *4 #gcgd 7no4 #aaf71 p4 #bcj1 add$ to ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 hi/ory ( ! /ate & civil gov]nm5t1 ,laws ( #aiaa-ab1 = high s*ools ,am]ican hi/ory & civil gov]nm5t1 ,engli% hi/ory1 & g5]al hi/ory2 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aiai1 art4 #bc1 p4 #fcd2 ,dige/ ( ! ,/atutes ( ,arkansas1 #aiba1 p>4 #ijff1 p4 #bccj1 also ,laws1 #aiba1 act #bhe1 p4 #cbh = regul> grade "w2 ,compilation ( ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #aiag1 art4 ,,xvii1 #adfa;a #bd1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #iic1 also ,laws1 #aiai1 *4 #adb1 sec4 #c1 p4 #ebe1 ,s54 ,bill no4 #ejf2 ,code ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaf1 *4 #de1 p>4 #aee;a1 p4 #eid4 ,g5]al hi/ory 0 also includ$4 ,public ,s*ool ,law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #aibc1 p4 #hg1 art4 #cj1 sec4 #cbb4 #cji ,laws ( ,georgia1 #aiah1 p4 #iai 7no4 #fj74 ,?is is probably an outgr[? ( ! movem5t f\nd 9 ! previ\s p]iod to tea* hi/ory & gov]nm5t f a pro-,s\!rn viewpo9t4 #caj ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #aiah1 #fgd1 p4 #hib1 approv$ ,april #ag1 #aiah4 #caa ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aiba1 *4 #he1 sec4 #ac1 p4 #abe4 #cab ,acts ( ,georgia1 #aiai1 p4 #bie2 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,alabama1 #aiai1 p4 #fcd2 ,compilation ( ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 #aiag1 #adfa;a #bd1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #iic2 ,/atutes & ,am5dm5ts ,code ( ,cali=nia1 #aiag1 *4 #eeb1 #afjg1 p4 #gcf4 #cac ,= a full discussion see *apt] ,,vii4 #cad 84441 ! /ate sup]9t5d5t %all fix a "t = a public he>+ ^u su* a compla9t1 :i* %all n be m ?an ?irty days f ! date ( fil+ said compla9t1 & %all be conduct$ by ! /ate sup]9t5d5t or ! assi/ant /ate sup]9t5d5t1 or by "o ( ! /ate inspectors ( s*ools1 to be designat$ by ! sup]9t5d5t1 & :i* he>+ %all be held at ! c\nty seat ( ! c\nty :]e ! compla9ants reside4 ,notice ( su* he>+ %all be giv5 at lea/ t5 days prior to ! date !re( ?r\gh ! public press & by regi/]$ mail to ! compla9ants1 ! s*ool bo>d int]e/$ & to ! publi%]s ( su* textbooks40 ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #aibc1 *4 #ba1 sec4 #dj4cj4 ,massa*usetts ,h\se ,bill ,no4 #gah4 8,an ,act relative to ,c]ta9 ,textbooks 9 ! ,public ,s*ools40 #cae ,oregon ,s*ool ,laws1 #aibc1 *4 ,,iii1 sec4 #ega1 p4 #afi4 #caf ,assembly ,bill 7,cali=nia7 ,no4 #acbi1 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,ball4 #cag ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 #c;d ,rdg4 #feb1 ,nos4 #fjb1 #agha1 #aiig1 ,int4 #eha4 ,9 ,s5ate1 ,febru>y #g1 #aibc4 #cah ,/ate ( ,new ,york3 ,no4 #aahf1 ,int4 #ajhf4 ,9 ,s5ate1 ,m>* #e1 #aibd4 ,introduc$ by ,mr4 ,higg9s4 #cai ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,m>* #ai1 #aibd4 #cbj ,assembly1 ,no4 #ad 7) ,am5dm5ts71 ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,introduc$ ,janu>y #h1 #aibd1 by ,mr4 ,williams4 7,= ! ,speak]47 ,! bill provid$ also t any =ty citiz5s ( a s*ool di/rict c\ld file compla9ts aga9/ hi/ories & a public he>+ %\ld be held )9 ?irty days4 #cba ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,febru>y #ab1 #aibd4 ,! endorsem5t giv5 ?is bill by patriotic & frat]nal gr\ps is treat$ on pages #bge-bgf4 #cbb ,ibid41 ,april #ai1 #aibc1 ,! ,freeman1 ,vol4 ,,vii 7,may #b1 #aibc71 p4 #agj4 ,! ,oklahoma legislature ( #aibc =bade ! use ( textbooks tea*+ ! 8#8,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory' 7i4e47 ,! ,d>w9ian ,!ory ( ,creation vs4 ! ,bible ,acc\nt ( ,creation40 ,approv$ ,m>* #bd1 #aibc4 ,h\se ,bill ,no4 #aig4 ,! use ( ! t]m 8mat]iali/ic conception ( hi/ory0 is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection4 #cbc ,among ! /ates :i* h ,am]icanization laws t h no specific /atem5t prescrib+ ! tea*+ ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip are ,alabama1 ,connecticut1 ,i[a1 ,miss\ri1 ,nevada1 ,new ,mexico1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,oregon1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,virg9ia & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,mo/ ( ^! laws 7 enact$ 9 #aiai1 "s prescrib+ ! e/abli%m5t ( classes = un$ucat$ adults1 o!rs specify+ ,am]icanization c\rses4 ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 !re is a law to remove illit]acy1 & 9 ,new ,mexico ! s*ools are to give 8nocturnal c\rses ( in/ruction40 ,^! laws are n discuss$ because !y d n provide = ! tea*+ ( citiz5%ip4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ev5+ s*ools 0 9 ,massa*usetts1 #ahhf1 :]e ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory 0 "o ( ! prescrib$ subjects4 ,supplem5t to ,public ,/atutes ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahhb-ahhh1 *4 #agd1 p4 #aag1 8,an ,act = ! ,e/abli%m5t & ,ma9t5ance ( ,ev5+ ,s*ools40 #cbd ,/atutes ( ,cali=nia1 #aiag1 *4 #eeb1 p4 #gdb4 #cbe ,ibid41 #aiai1 *4 #fje1 sec4 #d1 p4 #ajdi4 #cbf ,ibid41 #aiba1 *4 #dhi1 p4 #gdb4 ,approv$ ,may #bg1 #aiba4 #cbg ,laws ( ,new ,york1 #aiah1 *4 #dae1 pp4 #abeg-abeh4 #cbh ,ibid41 #aiba1 *4 #cbg1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ajcg4 #cbi ,g5]al ,laws ,relat+ to ,education1 ,massa*usetts1 #aibc1 p4 #ah4 8,education & ,protection ( ,ali5s10 #aiag1 #cba1 p>4 #b2 #aiai1 #cej1 p>4 #ei2 #aibj1 #gb4 #ccj ,acts ( ,arizona1 #aiah1 *4 #aj1 sec4 #a1 p4 #bi 7,s54 ,bill ,no4 #ai74 ,9 #aiba a bill = ! education ( =eign]s 9 ! public s*ools 0 pass$4 #cca ,laws ( ,ma9e1 #aiai1 *4 #adh1 p4 #adh4 ,revision ( *4 #aaf1 sec4 #acg4 ,approv$ ,april #a1 #aiai4 #ccb ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #aiai1 *4 #ajf1 secs4 #e & #cj1 pp4 #aeg1 #afe4 ,also ,laws1 #aiba1 *4 #he1 sec4 #e1 p4 #aac4 #ccc ,acts & ,resolves ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aiai1 *4 #ahjb1 sec4 #b1 p4 #bab4 #ccd ,laws ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aiai1 no4 #caa4 #cce ,laws ( ,delaw>e1 #aiai1 *4 #aeh1 sec4 #a1 p4 #deb2 also by a simil> law approv$ ,april #g1 #aiba1 ,laws1 #aiba1 *4 #afe1 p4 #eej4 ,= ,cali=nia1 see page #ajf4 #ccf ,g5]al ,laws ( ,m9nesota1 #aiai1 = *4 #cef ( ,g5]al ,laws1 #aiag4 #ccg ,session ,laws ( ,oklahoma1 #aiai1 *4 #ace1 p4 #dfg4 ,approv$ ,m>* #aj1 #aiai4 #cch ,laws ( ,utah1 #aiai1 *4 #ic1 sec4 #d1 p4 #bhe4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bj1 #aiai4 ,?is law 0 add$ to 9 #aiba ) a provision = fees4 #cci ,laws ( ,montana1 #aiai1 *4 #ch1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ia4 ,approv$ ,febru>y #ba1 #aiai4 #cdj ,acts ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aibj1 *4 #aig1 p4 #chg4 #cda ,g5]al ,laws ( ,ohio1 #aiba1 sec4 #ggfa-c1 p4 #aja2 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,idaho1 #aiba1 p4 #dah2 ,session ,laws ( ,wyom+1 *4 #abg1 sec4 #a1 p4 #ahh2 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,oregon1 #aiba1 *4 #hg1 sec4 #a1 p4 #aci 7,s4 ,b4 #aga74 #cdb ,ibid4 ,new ,york & ,arizona also h laws 9 #aiba4 ,see page #ajf4 #cdc ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ,explanation ( ,s*ool ,laws ( ,mi*igan1 ,supplem5t to ,bullet9 ,no4 #ac4 ,publi%$ #aiba1 p4 #g4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,disloyalty ,,*>ges ,,aga9/ ,,tea*]s ,,s9ce #aiag ,great ev5ts occasion div]se op9ions1 & x is n /range t ! ,_w ,w> & its aft]ma? (t5 tempt$ public s*ool tea*]s to ent] ! area ( controv]sial issues4 ,?us ! "q ( :e!r ! tea*] %\ld be p]mitt$ free & op5 expression ( op9ion became a po9t ( cont5tion betwe5 ! uphold]s & oppon5ts ( unre/rict$ spee*4 ,x became a matt] ( consid]able conc]n :e!r ! tea*] be all[$ to s[ ! se$ ( an idea ali5 to t held by ! *ild's p>5ts1 or1 p]haps1 9 disagreem5t ) t ( ! s*ool's adm9i/rators4 ,x 0 n a new "q nor unexpect$4 ,! great mass ( public s*ool tea*]s 7 consci\s ( ! c5sori\s eye fix$ ^u !m & realiz$ t 8! wise man =esee? ! evil & hide? himself1 b ! fooli% pass on & are puni%$40 ,dilig5t se>* 9 public records & ?r\gh p]sonal inquiry reveals few occasions :]e actual *>ges ( disloyalty 7 lodg$ aga9/ tea*]s 9 ! public s*ools4 ,inde$1 ! sup]9t5d5ts ( public in/ruction 9 ?irty-two /ates report t f #aiag to #aibd no accusations involv+ ! loyalty ( tea*]s 7 br\ght to ! att5tion ( _! (fices4#cdd ,"o is dispos$ to concur 9 a /atem5t made by ! ,lusk ,committee ( ,new ,york inve/igat+ s$iti\s activities t 8on ! :ole1 x may safely be said t our public s*ool sy/em is comp>atively free f ! ta9t ( revolution>y tea*+40#cde ,yet "s tea*]s fac$ accusations impugn+ loyalty4 ,d\btless !re 7 o!rs ^: utt]ances 7 consid]$ disloyal or ill-advis$1 b :o escap$ ) little or no publicity att5d+ _! dismissal f s]vice4 ,9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 ! trials ( tea*]s = disloyalty 7 mo/ num]\s1 = x 0 "h t legislation to re/ra9 ! spee* ( ! tea*] 0 mo/ rigor\sly appli$4 ,"u ! ,lusk ,law p]sons fail+ to secure a c]tificate ( loyalty 7 =bidd5 to tea* 9 ! s*ools ( ,new ,york1 ! ,commission] ( ,education hav+ ! sole "r to refuse su* a c]tificate4#cdf ,9 g5]al1 *>ges ( disloyalty 7 pref]r$ aga9/ six gr\ps ( tea*]s3 ^? object+ to sign ! pl$ge ( loyalty1 ^? ^: sympa?ies 9 ! ,w> 7 pro-,g]man1 ! pacifi/s1 ^? ^: spee* 0 consid]$ disloyal1 ^? :o oppos$ & ob/ruct$ ! draft1 & ^? :o held memb]%ip 9 a political p>ty :i* advocat$ a *ange 9 ! e/abli%$ =m ( gov]nm5t4#cdg ,9 ! eyes ( ! s*ool adm9i/rators an unwill+ness to sign pl$ges ( loyalty )\t qualification 0 b ! evid5ce ( a hybrid patriotism4 ,9 no o!r light did !y believe c\ld be consid]$ ! objection to a pl$ge :i* decl>$ an 8unqualifi$ allegiance to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 & :i* promis$ by 8^w & example0 to 8tea* & impress0 ^u 8! pupils ! duty ( loyal ob$i5ce & patriotic s]vice z ! highe/ ideal ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip40#cdh ,opposition to sign+ ! pl$ges "u compulsion 0 l$ by ! ,tea*]s' ,union1 & _! prote/ aga9/ an implication ( disloyalty 0 endors$ by eighty-sev5 tea*]s4#cdi ,among ^? refus+ at fir/ to sign a pl$ge 7 ,miss ,isabel ,dav5port ( ! ,new ,york ,tra9+ ,s*ool = ,tea*]s & ,h>rison ,c4 ,?omas ( ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool4 ,! exam9ation />t$ to det]m9e _! fitness to tea* 0 discont9u$ :5 !y agre$ to sign ! pl$ge4#cej ,9 ,m>*1 #aiah1 ! *>ge ( pro-,g]manism 0 lodg$ aga9/ ,miss ,g]trude ,a4 ,m4 ,pignol1 a tea*] 9 ! ,manual ,tra9+ ,high ,s*ool 9 ,brooklyn1 & h] susp5sion 0 ask$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts4 ,miss ,pignol1 a native ( ,b]l91 _h be5 a resid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce #aije4 ,9 #aiaa %e _h tak5 out citiz5%ip pap]s4#cea ,:5 que/ion$ by secret s]vice ag5ts1 x develop$ t1 al?\gh h] sympa?ies 7 ) ,g]many1 %e _h 9 no way be5 connect$ ) ,g]man activities 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! hope t h] views might und]go a *ange ,miss ,pignol 0 giv5 a leave ( abs5ce = ?ree mon?s4 ,9 ,may1 #aiah1 h[ev]1 ,associate ,sup]9t5d5t ,tildsley pref]r$ ! foll[+ *>ges aga9/ h] be=e a committee ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education3 t %e did n believe 9 w>1 t %e 0 "u ! impression t x 0 n necess>y = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to be engag$ 9 ! ,w>1 t %e w\ld n pl$ge h] cop]ation 9 e way 9 h] p[] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t 9 its measures = ! prosecution ( ! ,w> aga9/ ,g]many4#ceb ,9 ,miss ,pignol's trial1 /atem5ts f fell[-tea*]s 7 cit$ z pro( ( h] pro-,g]man bias4 ,a rem>k1 alleg$ to h be5 made elev5 ye>s prior1 t %e w\ld be a%am$ to be an ,am]ican citiz51 0 adduc$ z evid5ce4 ,fur!r pro( 0 f\nd 9 a /atem5t t %e d\bt$ ! accuracy ( ! acc\nts reg>d+ ,g]man outrages2 t %e _h attempt$ to dissuade a ,g]man woman f return+ to ,g]many because %e w\ld eat food ne$$ by ! ,g]mans2 t %e object$ to ! po/+ ( a food c>d by ! s*ool libr>ian2 & t %e 0 deeply t\*$ by ! slaught] ( ! ,w>4 ,! possession ( a locket1 engrav$ by h] fa!r & c>ry+ ! picture ( ! ,kais]'s gr&fa!r on "o side & ! cornfl[] on ! o!r1 0 put 9 evid5ce z additional pro( ( h] ho/ility to ! cause ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#cec ,al?\gh %e ass]t$ h] desire = an ,am]ican victory1 ! confession t %e did n want h] native l& cru%$ militat$ aga9/ h]4#ced ,on ,june #bf1 %e 0 dismiss$ f s]vice by ! ,bo>d ( ,education4#cee ,on ,octob] #bd1 #aiah1 ,fritz ,a4 ,e4 ,leu*s 0 susp5d$ f duty 9 ! s*ools1 *>g$ ) 8conduct unbecom+ a tea*]40 ,8 susp5sion 0 confirm$ on ,octob] #cj by ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,accord+ to 8 own te/imony1 he _h tri$ = f\r ye>s to enli/ 9 ! ,g]man army1 b on ,octob] #be _h ent]$ ^u milit>y s]vice 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"u ! circum/ances ! ,bo>d ( ,education resort$ to susp5sion 9 ord] t he c\ld n claim ! diff]5ce 9 pay z a tea*] & a soldi]4#cef ,simil> treatm5t 0 accord$ pacifi/s s]v+ 9 ! s*ools4 ,9 ?is gr\p 0 ,miss ,m>y ,mc,dowell1 a ,quak]ess1 employ$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,brooklyn1 :o 0 susp5d$ f duty on ,m>* #ab1 #aiah4 ,%e bas$ h] def5se 9 ! unre/rict$ ex]cise ( religi\s fai? z a bir?right1 h] previ\s contributions to relief = ,am]ican suff]]s to ! ,r$ ,cross & o!r *>itable projects1 z well z ! di/ribution ( ?rift /amp circul>s 9 ! s*ools4 ,miss ,mc,dowell's ret5tion z a public s*ool tea*] 0 oppos$ on ! gr\nd t h] pacifi/ views 7 ill-advis$ at a "t :5 patriotism %\ld be taught 9 act z well z 9 spee*4#ceg ,on ,june #ai1 #aiah1 %e 0 dismiss$ f s]vice by ! ,bo>d ( ,education4#ceh ,foll[+ ! close ( ! ,w> ,miss ,mc,dowell's case 0 reop5$1 :i* result$ 9 h] re9/atem5t on ,july #aa1 #aibc4 ,on review+ ! causes = ,miss ,mc,dowell's dismissal1 ,commission] ,b[e decl>$3 8,aft] full consid]ation ( ! case1 ! committee has decid$ t ! puni%m5t met$ out to ,miss ,mc,dowell 0 too sev]e4 ,%e 0 tri$ at a "t ( great public excitem5t4 ,s9ce !n public feel+ has und]gone consid]able modification4 ,= ?irte5 ye>s %e _h done excell5t "w z a tea*]44440#cei ,an unwill+ness to engage 9 active s]vice result$ likewise 9 ! susp5sion ( ,l\is ,h4 ,blum5?al1 a tea*] ( hi/ory & civics 9 ,public ,s*ool #adh1 ,brooklyn1 on ,june #ai1 #aiah4 ,nor 7 all tea*]s will+ to obey a law preclud+ criticism ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,to secure p]man5cy ( t5ure ?r\gh sil5t ass5t 0 to "s b a bribe aga9/ _! convictions4 ,& n all 7 agre$ t x 0 wise to refra9 f tea*+ :at !y held true because o!rs saw 9 ! same belief ! g]ms ( disloyalty4 ,su* a disagreem5t z to h[ freely a tea*] c\ld express op9ions l$ to inve/igations ( ! loyalty ( ,flor5ce ,lev9e1 ,samuel ,d4 ,s*malhaus51 ,?omas ,mufson1 & ,a4 ,h5ry ,s*ne]4 ,9 ! case ( ,miss ,lev9e1 a tea*] 9 ,public ,s*ool #afh1 ,brooklyn1 ! ,tea*]s' ,c\ncil1 to :om ! case _h be5 ref]r$1 recomm5d$ t %e be admoni%$ by ! ,act+ ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools s t !reaft] %e be c>eful 9 h] public utt]ances1 b no *>ges 7 pref]r$ aga9/ h]4#cfj ,x 0 q diff]5t 9 ! cases ( ,mr4 ,s*malhaus51 ,mr4 ,mufson1 & ,mr4 ,s*ne]4 ,on ,novemb] #ac1 #aiag1 !y 7 susp5d$ f ! faculty ( ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool = hold+ views consid]$ n only subv]sive to discipl9e 9 ! s*ools b injuri\s to good citiz5%ip4#cfa ,_! trials took place be=e a committee ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education on ,decemb] ?ird1 at :i* !y 7 repres5t$ by c\nsel4 ,! *>ges aga9/ ,mr4 ,s*malhaus5 involv$ ! writ+ ( essays by 8 /ud5ts1 9 :i*1 x 0 said1 an unpatriotic attitude 0 p]mitt$ to pass un*all5g$ by ! tea*]4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony1 ! pupils 7 direct$ to write 8,an op5 lett] to ! ,presid5t0 comm5t+ frankly )9 ! limits ( _! k ^u 8 conduct ( ! ,w> aga9/ ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t4#cfb ,mr4 ,s*malhaus5 0 also accus$ ( ass]t+ t he did n consid] x 8 duty 8to develop 9 ! /ud5ts "u 8 control in/9ctive respect = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z su*1 = ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york z su*1 & o!r ,f$]al1 ,/ate & ,municipal (fic]s z su*40#cfc ,"o ( ! !mes1 ^u :i* att5tion at ! trial 0 focus$1 _h be5 writt5 by ,hyman ,h]man1 a ,jewi% /ud5t sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,x 0 address$ 8to ! ,def5d] ( ,humanity & ,*ampion ( ,democracy1 ,woodr[ ,wilson40 ,9 8 te/imony ,mr4 ,s*malhaus5 ass]t$ complete ignorance ( ?is essay until x 0 call$ to 8 att5tion 9 an int]view ) ,associate ,sup]9t5d5t ,tildsley two weeks aft] x _h be5 writt54#cfd ,9 ! !me ! writ] prop\nd$ su* que/ions z ! foll[+3 8,b h[ is x t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a c\ntry f> f democratic 7& daily prov+ itself to be su*7 & ,engl&1 ! imp]ial & selfi% 7& we exclude all m9or p>ticipants7 und]take to slam democracy ^u a nation :e!r x likes x or n8 ,:at unp>allel$ audacity to attempt to =ce #gj1jjj1jjj p to adopt a c]ta9 k9d ( gov]nm5t4 ,if we mean _! b5efit1 !n ! ,g]mans surely "k :at !y want & ne$ u n4444 8444 ,f9ally if our aim be ! annihilation ( ,prussianism1 !n :y 9 ! "n ( ,heav5 h y refus$ ! (f] made by ,g]many1 :i* includ$ ! evacuation ( ,belgium1 dis>mam5t ( nations & fre$om ( ! seas8 ,surely !n y\r purpose is to get supreme dom9ation & to cru% ,g]many = no reason x seems1 except a mad desire = murd]1 mean:ile mak+ u ! goats40#cfe ,mr4 ,s*malhaus5 _h annotat$ ! !me1 aft] x _h be5 plac$ 9 8 h&s by ,dr4 ,tildsley1 ) su* /atem5ts z 8irrelevant10 8n accurately pres5t$10 & 8= a ?\ghtful /ud5t ?is /atem5t s\nds irrational40#cff ,! def5se cont5d$ t su* annotations 7 suffici5t to prove ,mr4 ,s*malhaus5's disapproval ( ! s5tim5ts express$1 b ! prosecution argu$ t 8 failure to d5\nce !m op5ly indicat$ 8 lack ( loyalty4 ,z a witness = ,mr4 ,s*malhaus51 ,h]man1 ! au?or ( ! !me1 te/ifi$ t he _h n receiv$ 8 impressions ( ?is c\ntry's attitude t[>d w> que/ions 9 any s5se f ,mr4 ,s*malhaus51 al?\gh s9ce ! "t ( writ+ ! !me he _h *ang$ 8 attitude due to a /udy ( 8 hi/ory textbook#cfg & ! attitude ( 8 hi/ory tea*]4#cfh ,9 turn1 ,mr4 ,s*malhaus51 def5d+ 8 own patriotism1 decl>$ t ,presid5t ,wilson's 8int]pretation1 8 attitude1 8 po9ts ( view 9 relation to ! w> = democracy0 met ) 8 8complete intellectual approval10 & t1 al?\gh he _h oppos$ ! policy ( conscription in/ead ( a volunte] sy/em1 :5 adopt$1 he _h compli$ ) ! reque/ ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 z did o!rs )9 ! prop] ages4#cfi ,! second in/ructor 9 ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool :o 0 arraign$ be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,education on ,decemb] ?ird 0 ,?omas ,mufson1 *>g$ ) ?9k+ x prop] to be neutral :ile 8 class debat$ su* subjects z ! pur*ase ( ,lib]ty ,bonds1 ! active support ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 v>i\s measures = c>ry+ on ! ,w>1 ! wisdom ( an e>ly peace1 & ! relative m]its ( an>*ism & ! =m ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#cgj ,mr4 ,mufson def5d$ himself aga9/ ^! *>ges on ! gr\nd t he 0 n ju/ifi$ 9 impos+ p]sonal views ^u 8 classes on controv]sial subjects4 ,fur!rmore1 he said t he w\ld n p]mit a discussion ( an>*ism 9 8 classroom1 a topic he held f> too difficult = immature m9ds4#cga ,! specific *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,mr4 ,s*ne] arose f /atem5ts x 0 alleg$ he _h made reg>d+ patriotism & ! we>+ ( ! uni=m ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army4 ,x 0 held t he 0 oppos$ to discuss+ patriotism 9 ! s*oolroom & t he object$ to p]sons we>+ ! uni=m :5 speak+ be=e ! s*ool1 because x t5d$ to enc\rage milit>ism4#cgb ,all ( ! *>ges ,mr4 ,s*ne] d5i$1 prote/+ 8 loyalty to s*ool & national au?orities1 & cit+ z pro(1 among o!r ?+s1 ! sign+ ( ! loyalty pl$ge ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,consid]able discussion by ! public & by tea*]s att5d$ ^! trials4 ,among ^? comm5d+ ! ,bo>d ( ,education = _! vigilance 7 ! ,s*oolma/]s' ,association ( ,new ,york & ,vic9ity1 :o adopt$ a resolution express+ ! hope t ef=ts to suppress disloyal influ5ces 9 ! s*ools w\ld be en]getically su/a9$4#cgc ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,tea*]s' ,union vot$ to give ! tea*]s on trial _! 8legal1 moral & f9ancial support10#cgd & elev5 college tea*]s reque/$ t ! decision aga9/ !m be delay$ = fur!r inve/igation4#cge ,pr(essor ,john ,dewey 0 report$ to h lik5$ ! trial to 8! ,inquisition10#cgf & ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/ editorially decl>$ t 8! case n only 0 prejudic$ f ! beg9n+1 b 0 dis+5u\s 9 inception1 unfair 9 me?od & un-,am]ican 9 _s40#cgg ,on ,decemb] #ai1 #aiag1 ^! tea*]s 7 dismiss$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,education4#cgh ,lat] _! appeal = re9/atem5t 0 d5i$ by ! ,commission] ( ,education4#cgi ,9 ,novemb]1 #aiag1 six o!r tea*]s ( ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool 7 transf]r$ to o!r s*ools because lack+ a positive loyalty4 ,fri5ds ( ! tea*]s ascrib$ _! transf] to _! 8indep5d5ce0 & n to a lack ( loyalty4#chj ,! abs5ce ( academic fre$om & democracy 9 s*ool organization1 an indef9it5ess 9 ! *>ges pref]r$ aga9/ !m1 7 all advanc$ by ! tea*]s !mselves 9 ext5uation ( _! acts4#cha ,accord+ to a /atem5t ( ,! ,new ,york ,times1 9 ! inquiry to det]m9e _! fitness to tea*1 ! tea*]s decl>$ !y _h be5 ask$ su* que/ions z ! foll[+3 8,%\ld n a tea*] inculcate in/9ctive ob$i5ce to sup]visors1 no matt] :at ! acts ( ! sup]ior (fic]s may be8 ,:at is y\r op9ion ( ! ,bol%eviki8 ,d y believe 9 revolution8 ,are tea*]s qualifi$ to criticise sup]iors8 ,d y believe 9 int]nationalism8 ,d y ?9k a tea*] ought to impose 8 views on pupils8 ,is !re n a presumption t :atev] is1 is "r8 ,w\ld y r h ,hillquit or ,roosevelt = mayor8 ,:at w\ld y d if a boy call$ ,presid5t ,wilson a murd]]8 ,d y accept ,hillquit's treasonable utt]ances8 ,does n ! critical attitude 9 *ildr5 ne$ suppression8 ,w\ld y be will+ = ! boys 9 y\r class to discuss ,lib]ty ,bonds pro & con8 ,9 ! matt] ( ! long] day %\ld ! tea*]s h be5 consult$80#chb ,t ! tea*]s 7 ask$ ^! que/ions 0 /\tly d5i$ by ,sup]9t5d5t ,william ,l4 ,ett+]4#chc ,closely alli$ ) *>ges ( disloyal spee* 7 ^? gr[+ out ( attempts to ob/ruct ! gov]nm5t 9 its prosecution ( ! ,w>4 ,( su* a nature 0 ! *>ge br\ght aga9/ ,miss ,fannie ,ross1 a tea*] 9 ,public ,s*ool #hh1 ,brooklyn1 :o1 :ile act+ z a regi/r> 9 ! /ate c5sus1 0 report$ to h express$ opposition to ! draft1 to h giv5 advice outside h] l9e ( duty1 & to h gone s f> z to influ5ce a man to claim exemption4#chd ,on ,decemb] #bf1 #aiag1 ,miss ,ross 0 susp5d$ f s]vice = six mon?s because ( 8conduct unbecom+ a tea*]10 due 8to tactless rem>ks40#che ,! appreh5sion ( ! s*ool au?orities ( ,new ,york ,city 0 fur!r reflect$ 9 ! trial ( tea*]s :o 7 suspect$ ( radical views4 ,?is anxiety express$ itself 9 ! )hold+ ( c]tificates ( loyalty & morality at lea/ dur+ ! inve/igation4 ,foll[+ ! ,w>1 memb]%ip 9 ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty1 advocacy ( ,communism1 & a sympa!tic attitude t[>d ! ,bol%evi/ program ( ,russia 7 ! *ief *>ges pref]r$ 9 ! trials4 ,among ! fir/ tea*]s summon$ be=e ! high s*ool committee ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education because ( radical views 0 ,h>rison ,c4 ,?omas1 a tea*] 9 ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool4 ,mr4 ,?omas 0 an advocate ( int]nationalism & ( socialism1 a consci5ti\s objector :o _h be5 excus$ f ! draft1 & av[$ly n en?usia/ic ov] w>time ent]prises l ,lib]ty ,bonds4 ,:5 que/ion$ reg>d+ 8 attitude 9 ! classroom1 he confess$ t he w\ld n conceal ! fact t he 0 an objector2 t he believ$ resi/ance to aggressiv5ess by =ce wrong2 & t if ,g]many want$ to rule ?is c\ntry submission w\ld be bett] ?an =ceful resi/ance4 ,yet he decl>$ t he _h tri$ to get into recon/ruction "w 9 ,france & t he w\ld d any?+ except fight4 ,z a result1 8 c]tificate ( morality & loyalty 0 )held4#chf ,simil> action 0 tak5 9 ! case ( ,b]n>d ,m4 ,p>elh(f1 ( ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,high ,s*ool1 :o ma9ta9$ t a nation :i* 8tea*es patriotism 9 its s*ools is m]ely driv+ nails into its own c(f910 & because he believ$ !re %\ld be no rev]5ce = ! uni=m z su*4#chg ,lic5ses 7 likewise )held f o!r tea*]s1 among :om 7 ,eug5e ,jackson1 ,au/9 ,m4 ,works1 ,g>ibaldi ,lapolla1 ,abraham ,lefk[itz1 ,edw>d ,delaney1 & ,wilm] ,t4 ,/one ( ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool2 ,ru? ,g4 ,h>dy ( ! ,girls' ,comm]cial ,high ,s*ool2 ,john ,j4 ,donohue1 ,l\is ,a4 ,goldman1 ,felix ,sp] & ,john ,j4 ,%ipley ( ! ,/uyvesant ,high ,s*ool2 ,max ,ros5haus ( ! ,bu%wick ,high ,s*ool2 ,alex&] ,fi*l&] ( ,public ,s*ool #afe1 ,brooklyn2 & ,h5rietta ,rodman1 ,b5jam9 ,gru5b]g1 & ,b5jam9 ,m&el ( ! ,julia ,ri*man ,high ,s*ool4#chh ,! action ( ! au?orities 9 )hold+ c]tificates ( loyalty f "s ( ^! tea*]s call$ =? a prote/ f ,dr4 ,h5ry ,l9ville ( ! ,tea*]s' ,union1 ( :i* _m ( ! accus$ 7 memb]s4 ,dr4 ,l9ville assail$ ! me?ods employ$ 9 ! inve/igations & ! reasons = :i* c]tificates 7 be+ )held4 ,he ass]t$ t dur+ ! ,w> ^! tea*]s _h be5 unmole/$ by ! f$]al gov]nm5t & _h n be5 summon$ to face *>ges ( disloyalty by ! s*ool au?orities4 ,al?\gh non-con=mi/s 9 relation 8to /atic views ( society & politics10 he decl>$ t 8mo/ ( !m actively support$ all w> ent]prises1 a m9ority only be+ pacifi/ 9 belief & action40#chi ,moreov]1 9 d5ial ( ! *>ge t tea*]s ( alleg$ radical views 7 indoctr9at+ _! pupils ) m9ority & undesirable op9ions1 he decl>$ t none ( ^! tea*]s _h ev] ma9ta9$ ! "r ( a tea*] to press ^u ! pupils ! political views t he himself held4#cij ,b ! au?orities ?r\gh\t 7 insi/5t 9 _! desire to rid ! s*ools ( all tea*]s hold+ a political belief :i* to !m 0 ana!ma4 ,to ?is end 9 ,novemb]1 #aiai1 a p]man5t lic5se 0 d5i$ ,miss ,sonia ,g9sb]g1 ( ,public ,s*ool #agj1 because %e admitt$ memb]%ip 9 ! ,communi/ ,p>ty2#cia = ! same reason action 0 tak5 aga9/ ,miss ,ra*el 7,ray7 ,ragoz91 9 ,febru>y1 #aiba2cib & 9 ,febru>y1 #aibb1 resolutions 7 adopt$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,education direct+ ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools to reprim& ,miss ,s>ah ,hyams = sign+ ! memb]%ip c>d ( ! ,left ,w+ ( ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty4#cic ,= advocat+ ! read+ ( an article on ,bol%evism1 9 ,novemb]1 #aiai1 ,associate ,sup]9t5d5t ,tildsley recomm5d$ t a p]man5t lic5se be refus$ ,b5jam9 ,horwitz1 a tea*] ( ,engli% 9 ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool4#cid ,! suspicion t ,b5jam9 ,glassb]g1 a tea*] ( hi/ory 9 ! ,brooklyn ,comm]cial ,high ,s*ool1 0 prea*+ ! doctr9es ( ,bol%evism l$ to 8 susp5sion f s]vice 9 ,janu>y1 #aiai4 ,among ! objections rais$ aga9/ ,mr4 ,glassb]g z a tea*] 7 /atem5ts alleg$ to h be5 made by him to ! effect t a tea*] 9 ! public s*ools 0 n all[$ to tell ! tru?1 t ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t did n p]mit true reports to be giv5 ab\t conditions 9 ,russia1 & t ,r$ ,cross work]s 7 =bidd5 to express true op9ions reg>d+ t c\ntry4#cie ,at 8 trial be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,education on ,may #i1 #aiai1 ,mr4 ,glassb]g confess$ t he _h quot$ f sev]al not$ ,bol%evi/s 9 reply to a "q :e!r ,l59e & ,trotsky 7 ,g]man spies4 ,he decl>$ t ! /atem5ts ) :i* he 0 *>g$ 7 9 answ] to que/ions ask$ by 8 class & n z 8a lecture laudatory ( ! ,bol%eviki & sev]ely critical ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,9 reg>d to ! rem>k ab\t fre$om ( spee* 9 ! public s*ools he ass]t$ complete innoc5ce4#cif ,on ,may #bi1 #aiai1 ,mr4 ,glassb]g 0 dismiss$ f s]vice4#cig ,consid]able discussion att5d$ ! trials ( ! ,new ,york ,city tea*]s4 ,to "s !re 0 no sub/antial f\ndation ^u :i* to base *>ges ( disloyalty1 & ! "q resolv$ itself into :e!r a tea*] ne$ =feit 8 rights to a political fai? 9 :i* he believ$4 ,! answ] ( ! s*ool au?orities came 9 ! /atem5t ( ,dr4 ,john ,l4 ,tildsley1 ,associate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools3 8,no p]son :o adh]es to ! ,m>xian program1 ! program ( ! ,left ,w+ ( ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty 9 ?is c\ntry1 %\ld be all[$ to become a tea*] 9 ! public s*ool sy/em1 & if discov]$ to be a tea*]1 %\ld be compell$ to sev] 8 connection ) ! s*ool sy/em1 = x is impossible = su* a p]son to c>ry out ! purpose ( ! public s*ools 444 ! purpose t ! public s*ools ( any c\ntry %\ld be ! expression ( ! c\ntry's ideals1 ! purpose ( its in/itutions1 & ! philosophy ( its life & gov]nm5t40#cih ,b ev5 9 ! eyes ( ! ,new ,york ,city s*ool au?orities ! great mass ( public s*ool tea*]s 7 loyal1 = out ( approximately tw5ty-five ?\s& employ$ 9 ! sy/em less ?an half a hundr$ 7 call$ to acc\nt = ! views !y held4#cii ,outside ( ! city ( ,new ,york o!r cases ( alleg$ infr+em5t ( ! ,lusk ,law occurr$4 ,among ^! 0 t ( ,p4 ,hiram ,matt+ly1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 dismiss$ f ! s*ools because at a ,sociali/ meet+ he *>act]iz$ ! ,espionage ,law z a measure ( despotism1 & decl>$ t x 0 "t t ! republic be re/or$ to ?is c\ntry1 a fir/ /ep t[>d :i* w\ld be ! acceptance ( a ,sociali/ adm9i/ration 9 t city4#djj ,memb]%ip 9 ! ,communi/ ,p>ty co/ ,miss ,julia ,d4 ,pratt h] position z a music tea*] 9 ,buffalo 9 #aiba4 ,9 pass+ ^u h] case1 ,frank ,b4 ,gilb]t1 deputy commission] & c\nsel ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 set =? ! op9ion ( ^? ) :om f9al judgm5t re/$ :5 he decl>$3 8,a tea*] 9 ! public s*ools is a memb] ( a /ate sy/em & a s]vant ( ! p ( ! /ate4 ,a tea*] _c prop]ly p]=m ! duties ( h] position & give expression1 ei!r v]bally or by affiliation ) any political or o!r organization1 to h] belief t our pres5t gov]nm5t %\ld be ov]?r[n by revolution or by =ce & viol5ce ?r\gh direct action by any gr\p or class44440#dja ,tea*]s beyond ! conf9es ( ,new ,york suff]$ simil> p5alties1 al?\gh ! h& ( ! law did n press s heavily ^u !m4 ,!y1 too1 f\nd x necess>y to gu>d _! spee* & to ab/a9 f proscrib$ political t5ets1 or else pay ! price ( reprim& or dismissal4 ,precisely ?is k9d ( a condition 0 br\ght =cibly ^u ! tea*]s ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 9 ! spr+ ( #aiai1 :5 "o ( _! memb]s--,miss ,alice ,wood--0 susp5d$ = a week )\t a he>+1 *>g$ ) discuss+ 8,bol%evism & o!r h]esies0 9 h] classroom4 ,among ! topics :i* ,miss ,wood lat] f\nd =bidd5 0 t ( ! ,league ( ,nations4#djb ,! sugge/ion made by a sup]visor ( prim>y education 9 ,des ,mo9es1 ,i[a1 t a bl9d patriotism might be fo/]$ ?r\gh ! selection ( songs & poems n>r[ly patriotic l$ to an inve/igation ( h] ,am]icanism by ! comm&] ( ! ,sons ( ,vet]ans4#djc ,s9ce #aiag1 h[ev]1 9 only twelve /ates besides ,new ,york cases involv+ disloyalty *>ges h be5 br\ght be=e ! (fice ( ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4 ,9 ,delaw>e1 ,l\isiana1 ,m9nesota1 ,montana1 ,nevada1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,dakota ! *>ges result$ 9 ! dismissal ( tea*]s4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 ,ma9e1 ,m9nesota1 ,nevada1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,nor? ,dakota & ,s\? ,dakota1 al?\gh *>ges 7 pref]r$ aga9/ tea*]s ! cases 7 dismiss$ = insuffici5t evid5ce4#djd ,9 ,montana1 s*ool au?orities 9 "s cases fail$ to reappo9t tea*]s at ! end ( ! ye> because ( alleg$ objectionable 8utt]ances10 al?\gh 8no pro( ( disloyalty 0 ev] made positive40 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,in/ruction ( ,indiana report$ 8a few in/ances0 9 t /ate :]e positions 7 lo/ because ( disloyalty *>ges4#dje ,9 ,l\isiana1 ! ,/ate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction report$ ! revocation ( a man's c]tificate because 8he capitaliz$ ! patriotism :i* ran high 9 8 community1 to l5d money to a numb] ( small f>m]s 9 ! community = use 9 pur*as+ ,w> ,sav+s ,/amps & ,lib]ty ,bonds1 & = ! use ( :i* he *>g$ an exorbitant rate ( int]e/40 ,! tea*] 0 said to h b\ght 8no /amps or ,lib]ty ,bonds10 & boa/$ t he c\ld make m money by l5d+ to 8! suck]s 9 ! community ?an by buy+ ! l[-int]e/ pay+ ,f$]al obligations40 ,?is /ate also revok$ ! c]tificate ( a woman ^: religi\s scruples =bade h] endorsem5t ( ! ,w> & ^: zeal l$ h] to advise aga9/ ! pur*ase ( ,lib]ty ,bonds4#djf ,nor? ,c>ol9a's case ( dismissal 0 t ( a c\nty sup]9t5d5t *>g$ ) pro-,g]manism %ortly aft] ! entrance ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates into ! ,w>4 ,al?\gh mo/ ( ! pro-,g]man utt]ances ( ?is man _h be5 made prior to ! decl>ation ( w> by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,c\nty ,bo>d ( ,education held t 8 influ5ce & usefulness _h be5 less5$ & !re=e ask$ 8 resignation4#djg ,9 ,rhode ,isl& 8disclosures ( ?or\ghly organiz$ prep>ation to cultivate 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates a public op9ion favorable to ,pan-,g]manic aspirations = _w empire l$1 dur+ ! ,w>1 to sev]al inve/igations = ! purpose ( det]m9+ to :at ext5t & ?r\gh :at ag5cies propag&a ei!r ho/ile to ,am]ica & to ,am]ican ideals1 or t5d+ insidi\sly to und]m9e democratic in/itutions1 _h be5 conduct$40#djh ,at ! reque/ ( ! ,gov]nor1 ! ,commission] ( ! ,public ,s*ools und]took an inve/igation ( ! loyalty ( public & private s*ool tea*]s4 ,que/ionnaires conta9+ ! foll[+ que/ions 7 dispat*$ to ! prop] au?orities3 8,to :at ext5t1 if any1 h tea*]s "u y\r obs]vation1 9 ! classroom or out ( x1 be5 7a7 ,active 9 promot+ ,g]man propag&a8 7b7 ,active 9 promot+ anti-,am]ican propag&a8 7c7 ,disloyal 9 ^w1 de$1 or mann] to nation or /ate8 7d7 ,disrespectful ( law & public au?ority8 7e7 ,passive or indiff]5t ) ref]5ce to patriotism8 7f7 ,cynical 9 _! discussion ( democracy1 or 9 _! discussions ( hi/ory1 or 9 _! g5]al attitude t[>d ,am]ican public probity8 7g7 ,tea*+ t democracy & democratic in/itutions are crude & ineffici5t80 ,9 turn1 ! ,commission] ( ! ,public ,s*ools po9t$ out t 8:ile a few tea*]s h n fully recogniz$ _! civic obligations 9 giv+ in/ruction1 or h fail$ to realize ! relation ( public education to loyal citiz5%ip1 or h be5 remiss 9 uphold+ ,am]ican ideals1 ! ard5t patriotism ( ! _m & _! l>g] activities z not$ by ! committee ( inquiry atte/ ! civic loyalty ( our tea*]s 9 our s*ools40 ,he assur$ ! public t 8no disloyal tea*]0 w\ld 8be suff]$ to tea*40#dji ,?is insi/5ce ^u con=mity among tea*]s b\nd$ on all sides _! fre$om ( spee*4 ,x 0 readily & unque/ion+ly accept$ by ! great majority4 ,x sprang f ! belief t ! tea*] z an employee ( ! gov]nm5t %\ld always agree ) ! gov]nm5t4 ,! advocate ( repression & control held t ! public s*ool %\ld nev] be a hav5 :]e p]sonal op9ions c\ld leav5 ! book-lore :i* 0 prescrib$ by au?ority4 ,o!rs agre$ ) ,ze*>iah ,*afee t !re 0 n only an individual b a social int]e/ 9 free spee*1 t betwe5 t individual int]e/ & ! social int]e/1 ! =m] %\ld always give way1 t fre$om ( spee* meant lib]ty1 n lic5se2 b t fre$om ( spee* 9 itself 0 a social int]e/1 & t "o ( ! purposes = ! exi/5ce ( society 0 ! discov]y & spread ( tru?1 a purpose :i* c\ld be accompli%$ only by p]mitt+ tea*]s to ?9k = !mselves4#daj ,,footnotes3 #cdd ,p]sonal lett]s to ! au?or "u ! date ( ,decemb]1 #aibc1 & ,janu>y1 #aibd4 ,all /ates b ,ohio & ,ill9ois respond$ to ! inquiry ( ! au?or4 ,! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction 9 ,wa%+ton 7,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,c4 ,pre/on7 refus$ to furni% in=mation = t /ate4 #cde ,revolution>y ,radicalism1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aaah4 #cdf ,at ! sugge/ion ( ! ,tea*]s' ,c\ncil1 an advisory committee to sift *>ges 0 appo9t$ :o report$ cases to ! ,commission] ( ,education %\ld !y ne$ 8 att5tion4 ,! inve/igations ( ?is committee ar\s$ mu* criticism1 especially f ! ,tea*]s' ,union1 ^: memb]s 7 frequ5tly ! pr9cipals 9 ! trials conduct$4 ,! advisory committee 0 compos$ ( ,cond ,pall51 editor ( ! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia1 ,olivia ,lev5tritt1 a =m] memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,hugh ,frayne1 ,new ,york repres5tative ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,ar*ibald ,/ev5son1 c\nsel ( ! ,lusk ,committee1 & ,f9ley ,j4 ,%ep>d z *airman4 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,may #ag1 #aibb2 ibid41 ,may #be1 #aibb2 ibid41 ,june #d1 #aibb4 #cdg ,in/ances ( local friction t5d+ to obscure ! issues alleg$ to be involv$ frequ5tly ent]$ into ! evid5ce pres5t$ 9 "s ( ! trials4 ,?is 0 true 9 ! trials ( ,s*malhaus51 ,s*ne]1 & ,mufson 7see pages #aaf-abj71 :]e opposition to ! s-call$ ,:al5 resolution = long] s*ool h\rs 0 alleg$ by ! def5se to be a cause = _! dismissal4 #cdh ,! pl$ge ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,o!r pl$ges1 includ+ t ( ,mayor ,john ,puroy ,mit*ell1 also 7 pres5t$ = sign+4 ,see ,t[>d ! ,new ,education3 ,! ,case ,aga9/ ,autocracy 9 ,our ,public ,s*ools 7,! ,tea*]s' ,union ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york71 p4 #bc4 #cdi ,ibid4 ,! ,tea*]s' ,union *>g$ t ! loyalty pl$ges 7 introduc$ = political purposes into a controv]sy betwe5 ! ,bo>d ( ,education & ! tea*+ /aff4 ,! ,tea*]s' ,union wrote ,presid5t ,wilson ask+ him to frame a pl$ge :i* tea*]s c\ld sign 8)\t violat+ _! consci5ces40 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,decemb] #b1 #aiag4 #cej ,see page #abb = a fur!r discussion ( ! loyalty ( ,mr4 ,?omas4 #cea ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,may #ah1 #aiah4 #ceb 8,m ,educational ,inquisition10 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xvii 7,janu>y #aa1 #aiai71 pp4 #cje-cjg4 #cec ,ibid4 #ced ,! ,new ,york ,times1 loc4 cit4 #cee ,ibid41 ,june #bg1 #aiai4 #cef ,ibid41 ,octob] #ca1 #aiah4 #ceg ,ibid41 ,may #af1 #aiah4 #ceh ,ibid41 ,june #bj1 #aiah4 #cei ,ibid41 ,july #ab1 #aibc4 #cfj ,ibid41 ,m>* #af1 #aiah4 #cfa ,ibid41 ,novemb] #ad1 #aiag4 #cfb ,! ,trial ( ! ,?ree ,susp5d$ ,tea*]s ( ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool 7,new ,york71 p4 #bf4 #cfc ,ibid41 p4 #fd2 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,decemb] #d1 #aiag4 #cfd ,! !me 79 ! =m ( a lett]7 _h be5 collect$ by ,miss ,ell5 ,g>rigues1 head ( ! ,engli% ,dep>tm5t1 9 a visit to ,mr4 ,s*malhaus5's class4 ,dur+ h] visit1 ,miss ,g>rigues became angry at ! 8lack ( _s ( love ( c\ntry among ! boys :o _h read !mes10 & ask$ t ! !mes be h&$ to h]4 ,! ,trial ( ! ,?ree ,susp5d$ ,tea*]s ( ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool1 p4 #bb4 #cfe ,! ,trial1 pp4 #db-dc2 ,dotey1 ,a>on ,i41 ,! ,exploitation ( ! ,public ,s*ool ,sy/em ( ,new ,york 7,tea*]s' ,c\ncil1 ,new ,york71 ,,lxxxv4 #cff ,! ,trial1 pp4 #df-dg4 #cfg ,rob9son & ,be>d's hi/ory4 ,see ,t[>d ! ,new ,education1 p4 #gb4 #cfh ,! ,trial1 pp4 #ace1 #ada4 #cfi ,ibid41 pp4 #aai-abj4 #cgj ,ibid41 p4 #aeh4 ,mr4 ,mufson 0 a tea*] ( ,engli%4 #cga ,ibid41 pp4 #agd-age4 #cgb ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,novemb] #bj1 #aiag4 ,! ,trial1 p4 #bjj4 ,9 addition to ^! *>ges a bibliography on rec5t lit]ature compil$ by ,mr4 ,s*ne] 0 introduc$ z evid5ce ( 8 unfitness to tea*4 ,! 8*>act]izations0 ( books 9 ! bibliography1 read at ! trial1 9 g5]al p]ta9$ to ! relations ( ! sexes4 ,see ibid41 pp4 #bjc-bjd4 #cgc ,ibid41 ,novemb] #ag1 #aiag2 also 8,new ,york's ,disloyal ,s*ool ,tea*]s10 ,lit]>y ,dige/1 ,vol4 ,,lv 7,decemb] #h1 #aiag71 pp4 #cb-cc4 #cgd ,! ,new ,york ,times1 loc4 cit4 #cge ,ibid41 ,decemb] #bj1 #aiag4 ,among ^! 7 ,john ,dewey1 ,james ,h>vey ,rob9son1 ,david ,sn$d51 ,c>lton ,j4 ,h4 ,hayes1 ,h4 ,a4 ,ov]/reet1 ,w4 ,p4 ,montague1 ,?omas ,re$ ,p[ell1 ,m4 ,r4 ,coh51 ,a4 ,j4 ,gold=t1 ,n4 ,p4 ,mead1 & ,j4 ,p4 ,turn]4 #cgf 8,*>ges aga9/ ,new ,york ,city ,tea*]s10 ,s*ool & ,society1 ,vol4 ,,vi 7,decemb] #bb1 #aiag71 p4 #gcc4 #cgg ,! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/ quot$ 9 ,s*ool & ,society1 loc4 cit4 #cgh ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,decemb] #bj1 #aiag4 #cgi ,ibid41 ,novemb] #e1 #aiah4 ,9 review+ _! cases1 ,t[>d ! ,new ,education1 a publication ( ! ,tea*]s' ,union1 ascrib$ ! dismissal ( ^! tea*]s n to disloyalty1 b to _! opposition to ! 8autocracy0 ( sup]ior (ficials & to an anti-,semitic bias ( ^! (ficials4 ,all ?ree tea*]s 7 ,russian ,jews4 #chj ,ibid41 ,decemb] #a1 #aiag4 ,dotey1 op4 cit41 ,,lxxxvi2 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,novemb] #ae1 #aiag4 #cha ,! ,c5tral ,f$]at$ ,union1 ,novemb] #ag1 #aiag1 resolv$ 89 ! int]e/ ( ju/ice & ( ! s*ools t ! *>ges made aga9/ ! tea*]s be def9itely =mulat$ by a committee ( responsible (ficials1 & t a copy ( ! *>ges be giv5 to ea* ( ! tea*]s transf]r$ or susp5d$ & t ! *>ges be he>d 9 public40 ,ibid4 #chb ,ibid41 ,novemb] #ae1 #aiag4 #chc ,ibid41 ,novemb] #af1 #aiag4 #chd ,ibid41 ,novemb] #bi1 #aiag2 ibid41 ,decemb] #be1 #aiag4 #che ,ibid41 ,decemb] #bg1 #aiag4 #chf ,dotey1 op4 cit41 ,,lxxviii1 ,,xcvii4 ,mr4 ,?omas 0 call$ 9 ,novemb]1 #aiag4 #chg ,ibid41 ,,lxxviii4 ,mr4 ,p>elh(f 0 que/ion$ reg>d+ 8 op9ions 9 ,novemb]1 #aiag4 #chh ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,h5ry ,l9ville ( ! ,tea*]s' ,union4 ,! ,new ,york ,times ( ,janu>y #bd1 #aiah1 report$ t tw5ty-f\r tea*]s 9 ,s*ool #fb ( ,new ,york _h be5 que/ion$ ab\t _! w> views4 ,al?\gh assurances _h be5 giv5 ! tea*]s t no *>ges aga9/ !m 7 contemplat$1 ! ,tea*]s' ,union call$ x a 8fi%+ exp$ition0 to obta9 evid5ce aga9/ ,philip ,p]l/e91 a tea*] :o _h be5 susp5d$ two weeks be=e4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aiai1 sixte5 8radical0 tea*]s 7 report$ to h be5 call$ by ,deputy ,attorney-,g5]al ,samuel ,a4 ,b]g]1 because ( _! connection ) radical propag&a4 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,novemb] #bj1 #aiai4 #chi ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,octob] #bc1 #aibb4 ,! tea*]s :om ,dr4 ,l9ville 0 report$ to h m5tion$ 7 ,au/9 ,m4 ,works1 ,eug5e ,jackson1 ,wilm] ,t4 ,/one1 ,john ,f4 ,donohue1 ,l\is ,goldman1 ,joseph ,j4 ,%ipley1 ,felix ,sp]1 ,ru? ,h>dy1 ,h5rietta ,rodman1 ,jessie ,hughan1 ,abraham ,lefk[itz1 & ,max ,ros5haus4 #cij ,ibid4 #cia ,dotey1 op4 cit41 ,,lxxxviii2 also ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,novemb] #ah1 #aiai4 #cib ,dotey1 op4 cit4 #cic ,ibid4 #cid ,ibid41 ,,cxii4 ,mr4 ,horwitz resign$ 8 position 9 #aibj4 #cie 8,fre$om ( ,tea*+ 9 ! ,new ,york ,city ,s*ools10 ,s*ool & ,society1 ,vol4 ,,ix 7,febru>y #a1 #aiai71 pp4 #adb-adc2 also ,dotey1 op4 cit41 ,,lxxxvii4 #cif ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,janu>y #ai1 #aiai4 ,also ,dep>tm5t ( ,education ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 ,9 ! ,matt] ( ! ,trial ( ,*>ges ( ,conduct ,unbecom+ a tea*] & to ! prejudice ( good ord]1 effici5cy & discipl9e pref]r$ aga9/ ,b5jam9 ,glassb]g4444 ,brief & ,argum5t ( ,gilb]t ,e4 ,roe 9 ,behalf ( ,b5jam9 ,glassb]g1 ,tea*] 7,new ,york71 pp4 #g-h4 #cig ,ibid4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,e4 ,roe1 c\nsel = ,mr4 ,glassb]g1 intimat$ t ! boys :o _h be5 select$ to te/ify aga9/ ,mr4 ,glassb]g _h be5 *os5 8accord+ to race & religion10 t ,mr4 ,glassb]g1 a ,sociali/ & a ,jew1 _h 8guid$ 8 classes along ! road ( true ,am]icanism0 dur+ ! ,w> & _h receiv$ f 8 sup]iors 8! highe/ rat+s possible = 8 "w40 ,see also ,dotey1 op4 cit41 ,,lxxxvii4 #cih ,tra*t5b]g1 ,alex&]1 ed41 ,! ,am]ican ,labor ,ye> ,book #aiai-aibj 7,new ,york1 #aibj71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #hi4 #cii ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,may #be1 #aibb4 ,accord+ to a /atem5t ( ,sup]9t5d5t ,william ,l4 ,ett+]4 #djj ,tra*t5b]g1 op4 cit41 p4 #hh4 #dja ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,janu>y #ai1 #aiba4 #djb ,tra*t5b]g1 op4 cit41 p4 #hh2 also 8,o!r ,h]esies10 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xviii 7,april #ab1 #aiai71 pp4 #ccj-cca2 also ,mc,andrew1 ,william1 8,am]ican ,lib]ty ,m or ,less10 ,! ,_w's ,"w1 ,vol4 ,,xlvii 7,decemb]1 #aibc71 p4 #ahj4 ,miss ,wood decl>$ t %e gave def9itions only1 & ref]r$ to curr5t magaz9e lit]ature :5 que/ions 7 rais$ by a pupil conc]n+ ,bol%evism & an>*ism4 ,%e also ass]t$ t %e _h n discuss$ ! ,russian situation1 nor _h %e def5d$ ,bol%evism4 #djc 8,! ,w> is ,ov] 9 ,i[a10 ,! ,survey1 ,vol4 ,,xlviii 7,septemb] #ae1 #aibb71 p4 #gab2 also ,! ,des ,mo9es ,regi/]1 ,april #f1 #aibb4 ,! "n ( ! tea*] 0 ,miss ,kate ,kelly4 ,%e 0 completely exon]at$ ( 8anti-,am]icanism40 #djd ,p]sonal lett]s f ! ,sup]9t5d5ts ( ,public ,in/ruction3 ,delaw>e1 "u date ( ,janu>y #cj1 #aibd2 ,l\isiana1 ,decemb] #f1 #aibc2 ,m9nesota1 ,decemb] #a1 #aibc2 ,montana1 ,decemb] #c1 #aibc2 ,nevada1 ,decemb] #c1 #aibc2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,decemb] #c1 #aibc2 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,decemb] #e1 #aibc2 ,cali=nia1 ,decemb] #h1 #aibc2 ,ma9e1 ,decemb] #a1 #aibc2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,decemb] #e1 #aibc2 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,decemb] #bj1 #aibc4 #dje ,lett] f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ,decemb] #g1 #aibc4 #djf ,lett]s f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 ,novemb] #cj1 #aibc1 & ,decemb] #f1 #aibc4 #djg ,lett] f ,/ate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aibc4 #djh ,=ty-,n9? ,annual ,report ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education 444 ( ,rhode ,isl&1 ,janu>y1 #aiai1 p4 #ge4 #dji ,ibid41 pp4 #gh-gi4 #daj ,see ,*afee1 ,ze*>iah1 8,fre$om & ,initiative 9 ! ,s*ools10 ,! ,public & ! ,s*ools 7,new ,york1 #aiai74 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,activities ,,( ,,propag&i/ ,,ag5cies 8444 = x is ! bus9ess & duty ( hi/orians to be exact1 tru?ful1 & :olly free f passion1 & nei!r int]e/ nor fe>1 hatr$ nor love1 %\ld make !m sw]ve f ! pa? ( tru?1 ^: "m is hi/ory1 rival ( "t1 /oreh\se ( de$s1 witness = ! pa/1 example & c\nsel = ! pres5t1 & w>n+ = ! future40 ,,c]vantes1 ,don ,quixote4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,activities ,,( ,,propag&i/ ,,ag5cies ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,attempts ,,to ,,control ,,textbooks ,! public s*ool deals ) t p]iod ( life 9 :i* /rong impressions f9d easy lodgm5t 9 ! *ild's memory4 ,altruism1 glorification ( national a*ievem5ts1 h]o wor%ip1 & o!r emotions are excit$ by contacts ) tea*]s & books4 ,x is ! age 9 :i* ! *ild's ideals c be fir$ by ! say+s ( fam\s m5 & 9 :i* ! /ory ( valor\s de$s /irs a responsive en?usiasm4 ,inde$1 x is a common belief t ! influ5ces ( ^! e>ly associations & impressions p]si/ f> into maturity1 = 8z ! twig is b5t1 s ! tree is incl9$40 ,) a ke5 appreciation ( ! possibilities ( ?is pla/ic p]iod ( *ild life1 au?ors ( textbooks 9 hi/ory & ! o!r social /udies1 ob$i5t to ! _s ( _! times1 h exalt$ & condemn$ z ! prevail+ temp] has dictat$4 ,hi/ory = ! sake ( propag&a is n a unique possession ( any "o c\ntry4 ,x has be5 employ$ 9 ! "n ( 8patriotism0 by _m nations4 ,livy extoll$ ,rome1 ,gre5 exalt$ ,engl&1 ,bancr(t eulogiz$ ! exploits ( ! f\nd]s ( ,am]ica1 & ,treits*ke & ,nietzs*e pictur$ ! glories ( an imp]iali/ rgime 9 ,g]many4 ,z a result1 !re has develop$ an ov]we5+ pride 9 national & racial attributes & a*ievem5ts4 ,f su* a s\rce has sprung mu* ( ! h]$it>y enmity betwe5 ,france & ,g]many4 ,inde$1 x has be5 said t an analog\s situation exi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & a well-kn[n writ] rec5tly decl>$ t1 ?r\gh ! /udy ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 8,am]icans are taught to hate ,briti%]s1 444 & n only desc5dants ( ! m5 :o made ! ,revolution1 b e newly arriv$ immigrant *ild imbibes ! hatr$ ( ,great ,brita9 ( today f ! patriotic c]emonies ( ! public s*ools40#daa ,propag&i/ hi/ory1 h[ev]1 is n m]ely an in/rum5t ( ! ultra-nationali/4 ,by ! pacifi/ x may be employ$ to depict ) a vivid gruesom5ess ! horrors ( w>2 by x ! milit>i/ may demon/rate ! advantages ( prep>$ness2 ! racially consci\s may n>rate1 9 _! hi/ory1 a*ievem5ts ( _! h]oes to ! exclusion or d]ogation ( ^? ( o!r gr\ps2 ! religi\s en?usia/s may comm5d ! contributions ( _! sect to ! neglect ( o!rs2 & economic & social organizations may seek to s]ve _! p>ticul> purposes4 ,dem&s = revis$ hi/ory textbooks1 su* z emanat$ dur+ ! ,_w ,w>1 to tea* ! po9t ( view !n curr5t1 are b a rec5t in/ance ( a practice z old z ! tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z else:]e1 propag&i/ influ5ces h play$ _! "p 9 %ap+ ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks4 ,! ,s\?1 9 p>ticul>1 has %[n su* t5d5cies1 attempt+ 9 ! ante-bellum days to propagate a hi/ory favorable to ! slave-hold+ int]e/s1 & s9ce t "t endeavor+ to ju/ify ! pa/ 9 ! eyes ( po/]ity4 ,! desire to depict ev5ts f a sectional po9t ( view 0 especially app>5t 9 ! decade prec$+ ! ,civil ,w> :5 a conc]t$ ef=t to prescribe ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks express$ itself 9 frequ5t agitations aga9/ ! use ( ,nor!rn textbooks4 ,by ! ,s\!rn] 0 rais$ ! same qu]y :i* has be5 rais$ 9 our own "t--:e!r ! au?or ( a textbook has a "r 8to /ep aside f 8 prop] c\rse to drag 9 8 own private views on vex$ que/ions ( national import0 ab\t :i* a writ] %\ld 8ma9ta9 an imp>tial /&40#dab ,su* criticisms 7 direct$ aga9/ ,nor!rn textbook writ]s2 = ,s\!rn]s 7 agre$ t an au?or w\ld n be guilty ( a he9\s (f5se if he %\ld 8/ep aside 444 to drag 90 views favorable to ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,inde$1 a sectional pres5tation ( hi/ory 0 deem$ a necessity2 & a movem5t = 8home education0 to combat ! tea*+s ( ! 8abolitioni/ ,nor?0 atta9$ consid]able vigor 9 ! 'fifties4 ,to ! ,s\!rn]1 8home education0 meant ,s\!rn tra9$ tea*]s & textbooks fill$ ) ! convictions ( ! slave-hold+ ,s\?4 ,?r\gh su* ag5cies x 0 hop$ to expel f _! mid/ 8! w&]+ inc5di>y ,yankee s*ool-ma/]0 ) 88 inc5di>y s*ool books0#dac p>ad+ "u 8! black piratical ensign ( abolitionism40#dad ,ev5 prior to ! 'fifties1 ! ,s\? _h realiz$ ! value ( a propag&i/ lit]ature1 = ,duff ,gre51 a relative ( ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 _h secur$ a *>t] f ,s\? ,c>ol9a = a ,s\!rn ,lit]>y ,company = ! purpose ( publi%+ s*ool books adapt$ to 8 section4#dae ,gre5's ef=ts mu/ h prov$ unsuccessful1 = x 0 foll[$ by mu* newspap] discussion ( ! situation1 :i* ga9$ 9 asp]ity z ! ,s\? became m bellig]5t 9 ! ass]tion ( h] rights4 ,writ+ 9 ,de ,b['s ,review ( #ahee1 "o al>mi/ decl>$3 8,our text-books are abolition works4 ,!y are s to ! ext5t ( _! capacity1 & ?\gh ! poison ( anti-slav]y dogmas has n f\nd its way into ari?metic & mix$ ma!matics1 yet we %\ld n be surpris$ to f9d t "s "w is n[ 9 progress 9 :i* ! "y le>n] w f9d 8 sums /at$ 9 abolition phrases1 & p]haps be requir$ to tell h[ _m m s9n]s might h gone to ,heav5 if ,abraham1 ! #8fa!r ( ! fai?ful & ! fri5d ( ,god' _h n be5 a slave hold] & a deal] 9 human *attels2 444 & s long z we use su* "w z ,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce & ! abolition geographies1 read]s & hi/ories1 ov]runn+ z !y d1 ) all sorts ( sl&]s1 c>icatures & blood-?ir/y s5tim5ts 444 !y w array our *ildr5 by false ideas1 aga9/ ! e/abli%$ ord9ances ( ,god144440#daf ,ano!r writ] c\ld n condone ! indiff]5ce ( 8 section to ! exi/5ce ( su* conditions4 8,:5 ! public m9d ( our section 0 divid$ z to ! ju/ice & propriety ( ?is in/itution slav]y 44410 he rem>k$1 8x 0 n !n to be wond]$ at t we %\ld rema9 indiff]5t to ! views pres5t$ to our y\? on ! subject1 & t we %\ld c>elessly all[ !m to p]use1 ev5 9 _! t5d] ye>s1 works 9 :i* slav]y 0 d5\nc$ z an unmitigat$ evil1 & ! univ]sal race ( ,ham's desc5dants 7 blazon$ =? z a set ( dusky angels & m>tyrs4 ,su* a c\rse may h be5 def5sible at t p]iod1 b tell me1 :at %[ ( propriety is !re 9 its cont9uance at ! pres5t day8 ,we h become awake to ! rightfulness & ju/ice ( our /&2 we h come to "k t we are m s9n$ aga9/ ?an s9n+2 & we h witness$ ! complete failure ( _m quixotic attempts to trans=m negroes into prosp]\s & ?riv+ freem54 ,:y !n %\ld we wi% t ! ris+ g5]ation1 :o are to frame & control public op9ion1 aft] we h pass$ f be+1 %\ld be on ?is "q ( vital importance taught doctr9es :i* are 9 direct conflict ) :at we n[ believe80#dag ,because 8s\!rn life1 habits1 ?\ghts1 & aims0 7 8s ess5tially diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,nor?10 ano!r protagoni/ ( 8home education0 ma9ta9$ t a diff]5t "* ( books & tra9+ 0 requir$ to 8br+ up ! boy to manhood ) 8 faculties fully develop$40#dah ,nor c\ld ?is 8true man0 be develop$ if he mu/ sit 8at ! feet ( "s abolition ,gamaliel ( ! ,nor?10 b he mu/ h 8books & tea*]s ( hi/ory f ! ,s\? :o %\ld po9t out ! de/9y ( ! ,s\?40#dai ,z a result ( ! agitation ( ! press1 ! comm]cial conv5tions1 :i* met dur+ ! ye>s f #ahec to #ahfj1 committ$ !mselves ) "o accord1 to ! ,s\!rn educational program4 ,! ,memphis ,conv5tion ( #ahec dem&$ ! employm5t ( native tea*]s1 ! enc\ragem5t ( a home press1 & ! publication ( books adapt$ to ! educational wants & ! social conditions ( ! section4#dbj ,! foll[+ ye>1 ! ,*>le/on ,conv5tion pass$ a resolution :i* urg$ ! production ( textbooks by ,s\!rn m5 8) express ref]5ce to ! prop] education ( ! ,s\!rn y\?40#dba ,! resolution decl>$ t 8?is ,conv5tion e>ne/ly recomm5ds all p>5ts & gu>dians )9 ^! /ates1 to consid] well1 t to neglect ! claims ( _! own sem9>ies & colleges1 & patronize & enri* ^? ( remote /ates1 is fraught ) p]il to our sacr$ int]e/s1 p]petuat+ our dep5d5ce on ^? :o d n und]/& & _c appreciate our necessities & responsibilities2 & at ! same "t fix+ a la/+ reproa* ^u our in/itutions1 tea*]s & p40#dbb ,9 #ahef1 ! ,savannah ,conv5tion issu$ to 8,! ,p ( ! ,slavehold+ ,/ates0 an address advocat+ jo9t action on ! "p ( ! ,s\!rn legislatures4 8,x w be well1 at lea/1 to look to our s*ool books10 !y decl>$4 8,c ! mak+ ( ^! be entru/$ exclusively to ^?1 :o by in/ill+ an occasional h]esy1 dang]\s to our repose1 imag9e t !y s]ve at ! same "t ,god & ,mammon--_! consci5ces & _! pocket8 ,! ,/ate ,legislatures at ! ,s\? alone are compet5t to heal ?is mis*ief4 ,prop]ty w submit to any am\nt ( taxation = su* a purpose4 ,a sy/em c & ought to be matur$ at ! ,s\? by :i* ! mo/ ample enc\ragem5t %all be giv5 to its educational sy/em & its press4 ,)draw at once ! contributions :i* are return$ too (t5 to u n[ 9 contumely & insult40#dbc ,at ! same conv5tion ! committee ^u ! subject ( 8,text ,books = ,s\!rn ,s*ools & ,colleges0 report$ t 8! books rapidly com+ into use 9 our s*ools & colleges at ! ,s\? are n only pollut$ ) op9ions adv]se to our in/itutions1 & ho/ile to our con/itutional views1 b are inf]ior 9 e respect1 z books ( in/ruction to ^? :i* might be produc$ among/ ourselves1 or procur$ f ,europe44440#dbd ,! ,committee propos$ t ! conv5tion take ! matt] 8"u _! auspices & select or prep>e su* a s]ies ( books1 9 e dep>tm5t ( /udy1 f ! e>lie/ prim] to ! highe/ grade ( lit]ature & sci5ce1 z %all seem to !m be/ qualifi$ to elevate & purify ! education ( ! ,s\?40#dbe ,! ,committee fur!r recomm5d$ t 8:5 ?is s]ies ( books %all h be5 prep>$1 ! ,legislatures ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates be reque/$ to adopt !m z text-books40#dbf ,! committees appo9t$ at ! ,s\!rn conv5tions evid5tly fail$ to obta9 results1 = ,de ,b['s ,review ( #aheh qu]ul\sly rem>k$ t ! committees seem$ to h dropp$ into repose aft] _! appo9tm5ts4#dbg ,newspap] agitation1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ )\t abatem5t1 ,! ,con/itutionali/ sugge/+1 9 #aheh1 t ,georgia by law %\ld compel h] s*ools to use ,georgia s*ool books 9 :i* in=mation 0 giv5 reg>d+ ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! /ate1 & :i* conta9$ 8eloqu5t & patriotic emanations f ! gift$ p5s0 ( "s ( _! 8able/ writ]s40#dbh ,hi/ory textbooks held a conspicu\s place 9 mo/ ( ! discussions4 ,pet] ,p>ley's ,hi/ory1 ext5sively us$ at ?is "t1 came 9 = mu* adv]se criticism because1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,s\!rn]1 x 8insult$0 & 8misrepres5t$0 ! in/itutions ( ! ,s\?4#dbi 8,if x is important = u to h a home lit]ature ( our own 9 ! light] dep>tm5ts ( read+ & k10 "o critic rem>k$1 8h[ mu* m vitally ess5tial x is to our be/ int]e/s t ! books f :i* our *ildr5 imbibe _! e>lie/ lessons 9 hi/ory & political economy %\ld be writt5 by ^? :o are able to exp\nd & v9dicate1 in/ead ( misrepres5t+ & defam+ ! in/itutions "u :i* !y are to live & be educat$40#dcj ,fur!r criticism ( ! same textbook is f\nd 9 an article on 8,wants ( ! ,s\?0 9 ,de ,b['s ,review = #ahfj4 8,our s*ools h long be5 groan+ "u ! burd5 ( que/ionable or?odoxy1 & 9 "s in/ances decid$ ho/ility to ! in/itutions :i* h] public in/ructors1 ( all o!rs1 may reasonably be expect$ to advocate & def5d10 said "o writ]4 8444 no tea*] or pupil :o has us$ ,pet] ,p>ley's ,hi/ories1 or any ( ! popul> #8,read]s' & #8,orators' f :i* juv5ile disciples ( ,demo/h5es h le>n$ to sp\t s glibly eloqu5t invectives aga9/ slav]y1 ! slave trade1 w fail to recognize ! long-deplor$ exi/5ce ( ?is deadly evil40#dca ,o!r books ( an hi/orical nature1 :i* 7 especially obnoxi\s to ! ,s\?1 7 ,gilb]t's ,atlas & ,appleton's ,complete ,guide ( ! ,_w1 :i* conta9$ 8hidd5 lessons ( ! mo/ fi5di% & murd]\s "* t enrag$ fanaticism c\ld conceive or indite40#dcb 8,?is book & _m o!r nor!rn s*ool books scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry come )9 range ( ! ,/atutes ( ?is ,/ate ,l\isiana1 :i* provide = ! imprisonm5t = life or ! infliction ( a p5alty ( dea? ^u any p]son :o %all publi% or di/ribute su* works 44410 decl>$ "o writ]4#dcc ,:elpley's ,comp5d ( ,hi/ory 0 also consid]$ h]etical 9 nature because ( its discussion ( slav]y1 :i* inculcat$ 8improp] precepts 9 ! m9ds ( our *ildr540#dcd ,! writ] 9 8 diatribe aga9/ ?is book quot$ ! foll[+ passage f ,:elpley to prove 8 po9t3 8,b = :at purpose 0 he ! slave br\ght f 8 c\ntry8 ,:y 0 he =c$ f ! sc5es ( 8 y\?1 & ! cool retreats ( 8 native m\nta9s8 ,0 x1 t he might witness ! sav+ k ( ! gospel8444 ,no4 ,he 0 depriv$ ( 8 fre$om1 ! de>e/ pl$ge ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,8 m9d 0 n cultivat$ & improv$ by sci5ce6444 ,he is dete/$ = 8 complexion1 & rank$ among ! brutes = 8 /upidity4 ,8 labori\s ex]tions are extort$ f him to enri* 8 pur*as]s1 & 8 scanty all[ance is furni%$1 only t he may endure 8 suff]+s = _! aggr&izem5t40#dce ,! discussion ( slav]y 9 ! ,nor!rn textbooks 0 n ! only cause = irritation4 ,equally di/a/eful to ! ,s\!rn] 7 ! invidi\s comp>isons made betwe5 ,nor? & ,s\?4#dcf ,! hi/ories produc$ by ! ,nor?1 "o writ] po9t$ out1 8are fill$ ) praise & glorification ( ! ,new ,engl& & ,nor!rn /ates g5]ally1 z a set ( incorruptible patriots1 irreproa*able morali/s1 & mo/ exempl>y models = future imitation1 & _! desc5dants are depict$ z fully equall+ ! /&>d set = !m by _! di/+ui%$ ance/ors1 ( unexceptionable demeanor4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! individuals :o organiz$ society 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are pictur$ z a race ( immoral reprobates1 :o h h&$ d[n all ( _! vices & evil habits to _! desc5dants ( ?is day4 ,:ile ! in/itution ( slav]y & its introduction into our c\ntry are made ! occasion ( mu* viol5t invective1 !re is b a slight ef=t at rebuke1 & a l>ge am\nt ( apology is (f]$1 = ! amusem5ts ( burn+ wit*es1 hang+ ,quak]s1 & bani%+ ,bapti/s1 =m]ly s v popul> 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,:ile we1 :o n[ support & def5d ! in/itution ( slav]y1 are ei!r d5\nc$ or piti$1 ! resid5ts ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 :o h always be5 ! *ief prosecutors ( ! slave trade are all[$ to pass unc5sur$4 ,su* is ! /ate ( ! hi/ories40#dcg ,to ,willson's ,hi/orical ,s]ies objection 0 rais$ because 8! au?or has elect$ to make himself sectional & !re=e mu/ expect sectional support40 8,:y say ( ! odi\s ,h>t=d ,conv5tion10 a critic rem>k$1 8#8,its proce$+s 7 n z objectionable z _m anticipat$1' or :y use comp>isons betwe5 ! diff]5t sections z invidi\s1 & z we believe & "k1 z false z ^!3 #8,9 ,virg9ia & ! s\!rn colonies1 :]e ! inhabitants guid$ 9 ! selection ( _! dwell+ places *iefly by consid]ation ( agricultural conv5i5ces1 disp]s$ !mselves ov] ! face ( ! c\ntry1 (t5 at consid]able di/ances f ea* o!r1 s*ools & *ur*es 7 necess>ily r>e1 & social int]c\rse b little kn[n4 ,! evils ( ! /ate ( society ?us produc$ /ill exi/ to a consid]able ext5t 9 ! s\!rn portions ( ! ,union4 ,! colonization ( ,new ,engl& 0 m favorable to ! improvem5t ( human "* & morals4'0 ,fur!r cause = compla9t lay 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,( ! /ate ( mann]s & morals 9 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia & ! s\!rn colonies g5]ally1 we _c give s gratify+ an acc\nt4 ,:ile ! upp] classes ( inhabitants among ! s\!rn p 7 di/+ui%$ = a luxuri\s & exp5sive hospitality1 !y 7 too g5]ally addict$ to ! vices ( c>d play+1 gambl+ & intemp]ance1 :ile hunt+ & cock-fight+ 7 favorite amusem5ts ( p]sons ( all ranks4444 ,x _c be d5i$1 h[ev]1 t ,new ,engl& colonial hi/ory furni%es1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ agreeable rem9isc5ces1 z well z ! mo/ abundant mat]ials = ! hi/orian40#dch ,s common 0 a bias$ pres5tation ( controv]sial que/ions 9 ! books ( ! "t t ,william ,h[>d ,russell1 ,! ,london ,times correspond5t dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 decl>$ t he 0 unable to obta9 8a s+le solid1 sub/antial "w0 on ! controv]sy betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?1 = !re 0 n "o publi%$ :i* 0 8wor? a c5t40#dci ,little response to ! expon5ts ( 8home education0 seems to h be5 made at ?is "t by ! /ate legislatures1 al?\gh1 9 #ahei1 ! ,l\isiana legislature adopt$ a resolution endors+ ! movem5t 8to enc\rage ! production ( & introduction into ! s*ools ( ,l\isiana ( a s]ies ( s*ool books writt5 by citiz5s ( ! ,/ate1 publi%$ 9 ! ,s\?1 n contam9at$ by ! fanaticism ( ,nor!rn au?ors40#ddj ,o!r ,s\!rn /ates s9ce ! ,civil ,w> h prescrib$ ! type ( hi/ories to be us$ 9 _! s*ools1 b !y h _h = _! *ief int5t a 8prop] pres5tation ( ! ,w> ( ! ,/ates40 ,s9ce ! ,civil ,w> ! mo/ active expon5ts ( a pro-,s\!rn hi/ory h be5 ,s\!rn vet]ans' associations & k9dr$ gr\ps4 ,especially vigilant h be5 ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans :o1 s9ce #ahib1 ) few exceptions h ann\nc$ 9 annual conv5tion _! advocacy ( 8a true & reliable hi/ory40 ,9 #ahib1 ! fir/ hi/orical committee1 compos$ ( 8comrades skill$ & exp]i5c$ 9 su* matt]s10 0 appo9t$ to 8select prop] & tru?ful hi/ories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to recomm5d = use 9 ! public & private s*ools ( ! ,s\?40#dda ,no meet+ ( ! ,vet]ans 0 held 9 #ahic1 b ! foll[+ ye> ! ,hi/orical ,committee (f]$ an ext5sive & elaborate report4#ddb ,?is report sugge/$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a *air ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 ,s\!rn univ]sities ) "t = rese>*2 t ! ,association recomm5d to ! legislatures ( ,s\!rn /ates t provision be made 9 ! public s*ool c\rse = ! tea*+ ( hi/ory ( ! native /ate = "o ye>1 & = ! e/abli%m5t & support ( a *air ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 ! /ate univ]sity or "s suitable /ate in/itution1 & t ! prep>ation ( s*ool hi/ories ( ! /ate be enc\rag$2 t all private s*ools & academies tea* ! hi/ory ( ! /ate "o ye> & devote ! same am\nt ( "t to ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory2 & t /ate legislatures be memorializ$ 9 ord] to ga9 _! cop]ation 9 secur+ 8a diff]5t pres5tation ( ! n>rative ( facts = ! tru? ( hi/ory ( our common c\ntry40#ddc ,! ,committee1 besides _! recomm5dations1 classifi$ s*ool hi/ories 9 ?ree gr\ps4 ,9 ! fir/ class 7 ^? issu$ 9 ! fir/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s foll[+ ! close ( ! ,w>1 8dictat$ by prejudice & prompt$ by ! evil passion t "t _h n !n s(t5$40 ,secondly came ^? ,nor!rn hi/ories app>5tly fair1 ei!r ?r\gh a revision ( an e>li] edition or emasculation1 9 an 8ef=t to curry favor ) ! text-book patrons ( bo? sections02 also ^? hi/ories ) sep>ate editions = ,nor? & ,s\?1 z well z ^? 8writt5 & publi%$ at ! ,nor? 9 :i* an hone/ ef=t is made to d ju/ice to ! ,s\?0 b :i* fail$ to emphasize ! di/9ctive features ( ! ,s\? or to emphasize ! place ( ! ,s\? 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,union4 ,! ?ird gr\p conta9$ a li/ ( text-books acceptable to ! ,vet]ans1 includ+ ,hansell's ,hi/ories by ,h4 ,e4 ,*amb]s ( ,l\isiana1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p by ,j4 ,h4 ,%9n ( ,arkansas1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,alex&] ,/eph5s ( ,georgia1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,george ,f4 ,holmes ( ,virg9ia1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,blackburn & ,mc,donald ( ,m>yl&1 ,gramm> ,s*ool ,hi/ory by ,l4 ,a4 ,field ( ,georgia1 & ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,j4 ,t4 ,t]ry ( ,georgia4 ,! report ( ! ,committee ( #ahid 0 accept$ unanim\sly & ! resolution1 pass$ to cont9ue ! committee1 urg$ t x 8d ev]y?+ 9 its p[] to enc\rage ! prep>ation ( suitable s*ool hi/ories & especially to enc\rage _! publication by ! build+ up ( ,s\!rn publi%+ h\ses44440#ddd ,! ,reports ( #ahie & ( #ahif manife/$ ! same _s & (f]$ sub/antially ! same recomm5dations z ^? made by ! ,committee ( #ahid4 ,bo? desir$ a 8v9dication = ! ,s\!rn p & a refutation ( ! sl&]s1 ! misrepres5tations & ! imputations0 :i* !y _h 8s long & pati5tly borne40#dde ,! ,report ( #ahie po9t$ out t 8:ile ! ,s\? has always be5 prom95t 9 mak+ hi/ory1 %e has left ! writ+ ( hi/ory to ,new ,engl& hi/orians0 ^: *ief defect 0 8lack ( ca?olic sympa?y = all sections ( ! c\ntry40#ddf ,! importance ( ! "w ( ! ,hi/orical ,committee 0 recogniz$ 9 #ahie by increas+ its memb]%ip f sev5 to fifte5 to include a repres5tative f ea* ,s\!rn /ate4#ddg ,by #ahig ! agitation = sectional hi/ories _h become s /ormy t ! ,na%ville reunion took "u advisem5t a sugge/ion ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic ( ,wiscons91 :i* propos$ ! appo9tm5t ( a 8commission ( di/+ui%$ educators f ! ranks ( ! cont5d+ armies0 :o %\ld write a hi/ory ( ! p]iod #ahfa to #ahfe :i* %\ld be satisfactory to bo? sections4#ddh ,! ,hi/orical ,committee ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans1 h[ev]1 deem$ x inadvisable to und]take su* a project1 believ+ t a hi/ory textbook c\ld n be writt5 z well by a commission z by "o p]son4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,committee po9t$ out t 8! de/9y ( ! ,s\? is n[ insep>ably b\nd up ) t ( ?is great republic & t x is to ! int]e/ ( ! :ole nation & its citiz5s ev]y:]e t com+ g5]ations ( ,s\!rn m5 %\ld give to ! ,union ! same love & devotion :i* _! fa!rs gave to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & !n to ! ill-/>r$ ,conf$]acy244440#ddi ,&1 al?\gh !y realiz$ t 8no sectional hi/ory is want$ 9 ! s*ools ( ?is c\ntry10 yet ! ,s\!rn p desir$ 9 _! hi/ories 8to reta9 f ! wreck 9 :i* _! con/itutional views1 _! dome/ic in/itutions1 ! mass ( _! prop]ty1 & ! lives ( _! be/ & brave/ 7 lo/1 ! k t _! conduct 0 honorable ?r\gh\t1 & t _! submission at la/ 444 9 no way black5$ _! motives or e/abli%$ ! wrong ( ! cause = :i* !y f\ght40#dej ,among ! po9ts at issue 9 ! adoption ( ,nor!rn textbooks 0 ! use ( c]ta9 opprobri\s t]ms4 ,at ! ,atlanta reunion 9 #ahih1 a resolution 0 adopt$ :i* gave voice to su* objections4 ,x reque/$ ! sub/itution ( ! t]m 8! civil w> betwe5 ! ,/ates0 = 8! w> ( ! ,rebellion10 because su* an expression reflect$ 8on ! patriotism ( ! ,s\!rn p & ! cause = :i* !y s h]oically f\ght44440#dea ,! ,hi/orical ,committee at ! same "t indicat$ _! av]sion to o!r 8(f5sive epi!ts0 9 ,nor!rn hi/ories1 su* z 8rebels0 & 8ar*-traitors40#deb ,!y recomm5d$1 among o!r ?+s1 t 8,bo>ds ( ,education & all o!rs hav+ *>ge ( ! selection ( hi/ories1 geographies1 spee*es1 read]s1 etc41 be c>eful to exclude works t %[ ! p>tisan1 sectional & unpatriotic _s40#dec ,yet ! ne$ ( a 8broad ,am]ican patriotism0 0 recogniz$ by ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans reg>dless ( _! attacks on ,nor!rn produc$ hi/ories4 ,su* an attitude manife/$ itself 9 ! committee report ( ! reunion ( #ahih :i* quot$ ) favorable comm5t an extract f an address ( ,comm&] ,john ,w4 ,frazi] ( ! ,fr$ ,taylor ,po/1 ,g4 ,a4 ,r41 ( ,philadelphia4 ,! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans especially approv$ ! _s ( ,mr4 ,frazi] :5 he decl>$3 8,we mu/ "u ! bl5d+ influ5ce ex]t$ by ! new ord] ( ?+s1 undo t :i* sectional feel+s l$ bo? ,nor? & ,s\? to d 9 reg>d to ! publication ( public s*ool hi/ories--c]ta9 to create & fo/] la/+ & bitt] prejudices--& use our influ5ce 9 behalf ( a public s*ool hi/ory ( ! late w> & ! causes lead+ to x1 t w be us$ 9 common 9 all ! public s*ools ( ! c\ntry144440#ded ,! sugge/ion ( ,mr4 ,frazi] reflect$ ! weld+ influ5ce ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> ^u all factions 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 #ahii1 ! ,hi/orical ,committee ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans ann\nc$ t its duty 0 8little m ?an to keep wat* ^u ! hi/ories ( ! day0 = 8! prospect = fairness & c&or 9 hi/orical writ+0 seem$ 8mu* improv$ s9ce ! ,spani% ,w>10 because 8a new p]spective10 _h be5 af=d$ ! hi/orian4#dee ,yet ! same report evid5c$ a wat*fulness on ! "p ( ! ,s\!rn] to prev5t ! use ( books :i* 8ei!r p]v]t or fail to d ju/ice to ! hi/ory ( ! p ( ?is section40#def ,! reunion fur!r endors$ ! recomm5dation ( ! ,hi/orical ,committee = ! appo9tm5t 9 ea* /ate ( a sub-committee ( ?ree to exam9e 8e hi/ory taught 9 ! s*ools ( ! /ate ) especial ref]5ce to asc]ta9+ :e!r said books conta9 incorrect or inaccurate /atem5ts or make important omissions ( facts1 or inculcate n>r[ or p>tisan s5tim5ts40#deg ,9 ! ev5t t any defects 7 f\nd 9 any ( ! hi/ories us$ 9 ! s*ools1 ! ,committee sugge/$ t ea* sub-committee %\ld 8ent] into fri5dly correspond5ce ) ! au?ors & publi%]s ( su* books1 ) a view to correct+ su* errors1 or supply+ su* omissions40 ,9 addition1 x became ! duty ( ea* sub-committee 8annually1 "o mon? be=e ea* reunion to make a report0 to ! ,hi/orical ,committee1 %[+ :at hi/ories ( ! /ate & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 us$ 9 ! s*ools ( ! /ate2 & fur!r 8to make su* sugge/ions ) reg>d to s*ool hi/ories & ) reg>d to ! tea*+ ( hi/ory0 z might seem appropriate4#deh ,! reports ( ! next few ye>s %[ a slack5+ vigilance on ! "p ( ! hi/orical committees4 ,at ea* meet+ ( ! ,vet]ans a report & sugge/ions z to ! improvem5t ( hi/orical in/ruction 9 ! ,s\? 7 (f]$1 b mu* ( ! recrim9atory tone ( ! reports ( ! 'n9eties _h disappe>$4 ,9 #aijj1 ! ,committee recomm5d$ aga9 t ! t]m 8! w> betwe5 ! /ates0 be sub/itut$ = o!r t]ms1 & t money be appropriat$ 9 ord] t ! ,hi/orical ,committee c\ld c>ry on _! campaign1 ?r\gh ! press & public meet+s1 = ! use ( hi/ories do+ 8full ju/ice0 bo? to ! ,s\? & ! ,nor?4#dei ,! ,reunion ( #aijb sanction$ ! sugge/ion ( ! ,hi/orical ,committee deal+ ) ! prep>ation ( a s\rce book portray+ ! 8"*1 ! ideals & ! lead]%ip ( ! ,s\?10 & call$ favorable att5tion to ,?omas ,dixon's novel ,! ,leop>d's ,spots4#dfj ,! hi/orical reports pres5t$ to ! reunions held 9 #aijh1 #aiji & #aiaj /ill discuss$ ! ne$ = 8true hi/ory0 al?\gh comm5d+ ! fairness ( mo/ hi/orians4 ,yet ! ,committee hesitat$ to relax its wat*fulness because 8! hi/ory ( ! ,conf$]ate p]iod z x is told 9 _m books t may be us$ 9 our s*ools1 444 dem&s & des]ves undim9i%$ vigilance40#dfa ,! ,report ( #aiaj express$1 h[ev]1 a sangu9e satisfaction 9 ! condition result+ f ! agitation ab\t hi/ory textbooks4 8,we d n fe> ! bookmak] n[10 ! ,vet]ans decl>$4 8,s\!rn s*ools & ,s\!rn tea*]s h prep>$ books :i* ,s\!rn *ildr5 may read )\t insult or traduction ( _! fa!rs4 ,pr9t+ presses all ov] ! ,s\?l&--& all ov] ! ,nor?l&--are s5d+ =? by ?\s&s ones :i* tell ! true "* ( ! h]oic /ruggle4 ,! influ5ce & weal? ( ! ,s\? =bid long] ! p]v]sion ( tru? & ! falsification ( hi/ory40#dfb ,9 ! reports ( ! hi/orical committees two hi/ory textbooks receiv$ specific criticism = _! treatm5t ( ,s\!rn in/itutions & life4 ,9 #aijc1 att5tion 0 call$ to a p>agraph 9 ,! ,"y ,p's ,/ory ( ! ,great ,republic by ,ella ,h9es ,/ratton1 9 :i* 8a mo/ false & mislead+ acc\nt0 0 giv5 ( ! capture ( ,=t ,pill[ by ,g5]al ,n4 ,b4 ,=re/4#dfc ,! ,report ( #aiaa devot$ consid]able space to an attack on ,elson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,"o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y happ5+s 9 reg>d to ! hi/ory ( ! ,s\? occurr$ 9 ,virg9ia 9 ! la/ few weeks10 *ronicl$ ! ,report4 8,elson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h be5 select$ z a textbook by ,roanoke ,college4 ,miss ,s>ah ,m(fett1 "o ( ! /ud5ts ( ! college1 refus$ to att5d ! hi/ory class or use ?is hi/ory :]e x ref]r$ to ! ,s\? & its p4 ,= ?is %e suff]$ reprim&40#dfd ,! ,s\!rn ,cross ,*apt] ( ! ,unit$ ,daught]s ( ! ,conf$]acy !reupon und]took an inve/igation & issu$ a circul> :i* 0 8widely di/ribut$40#dfe ,! circul> 0 address$3 8,to ! ,daught]s ( ! ,conf$]acy1 ! ,camps ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans1 ! ,sons ( ,vet]ans1 & to all ,:o are ,loyal to ! ,s\?l&1 & ,love ,h] ,traditions & ,desire a tru?ful ,hi/ory ( ,h] ,social & ,political ,life40#dff ,! *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,mr4 ,elson re/$ ^u 8! p>tisan _s t prompt$ ! writ] to sl&] a p :o _h rea*$ ! p9nacle ( high ideals1 ref9em5t & culture1 & to :i* x has nev] be5 ! =tune ( _m to atta940#dfg ,to ! ,s\!rn] 0 especially abhorr5t ! portrayal ( slave life 9 ! ,s\? 9 :i* x 0 said3 8#8,(t5 ! attractive slave woman 0 a pro/itute to h] ma/]1'0 8#8an evil'0 t 8#80 widespread at ! ,s\?4'0#dfh ,fur!r objections arose to ! /atem5t3 8#8,a si/] ( ,presid5t ,madison decl>$ t ?\gh ! ,s\!rn ladies 7 complim5t$ ) ! "n ( wife !y 7 only ! mi/resses ( ,s]aglios'02 & t 8#8a lead+ ,s\!rn lady decl>$ to ,h>riet ,m>t9eau t ! wife ( _m a plant] 0 b ! *ief slave ( 8 h>em4'0#dfi ,mr4 ,elson 0 also reg>d$ z misrepres5t+ ! cause ( ! ,civil ,w>1 :i* he attribut$ 8to slav]y & slav]y alone0 & n to /ate rights1 :i* he decl>$ 89 ! ab/ract _h no?+ to d ) br++ on ! w>40#dgj ,9 response to ! circul> ( ! ,unit$ ,daught]s ( ! ,conf$]acy1 ! ,vet]ans adopt$ a resolution indicat+ t x c\ld n be 8too e>ne/ly press$ ^u ! att5tion ( ^? 9 *>ge ( our educational in/itutions ! supreme importance ( exclud+ f our s*ools & colleges all hi/ories t d n 9 _! reports ( ! great /ruggle = con/itutional lib]ty 444 fairly & imp>tially repres5t ! facts40 ,! ,reunion fur!r resolv$ t !re be us$ 8only su* hi/ories z w recognize ! ju/ice ( t cause ( #ahfa-ahfe 9 support ( :i* s _m ( our brave comrades %$ _! blood & gave _! lives40#dga ,9 #aiab ! agitation reg>d+ hi/ory textbooks _h lo/ mu* ( its bitt]ness & ! l9e ( cleavage betwe5 ! ,nor!rn]'s hi/ory & t ( ! ,s\!rn] seem$ less app>5t4 ,"u ! fus+ influ5ce ( ! ,_w ,w>1 ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans held _! reunion 9 #aiag 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton :]e ,conf$]ate & ,union flags wav$ toge!r4#dgb ,b ! _s ( sectional int]e/ _h too long enslav$ !m &1 9 #aiba1 ! ,reunion favorably adopt$ a report ( ! ,ru!r=d ,committee4 ,*ief among ! a*ievem5ts = a 8true hi/ory0 :i* ! ,committee 7 able to report 0 ! adoption ( satisfactory hi/ories 9 ! /ates ( ,mississippi & ,texas4 ,! ,committee pr$ict$ simil> action 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a :]e !re 7 8true hi/ories by ,s\!rn au?ors & publi%$ by a home h\se10 !reby elim9at+ any necessity = ev5 consid]+ 8any ,yankee books40#dgc ,a revival ( propag&a = sectional hi/ories s9ce #aiba is due 9 "s degree to ! appe>ance ( two pamphlets :i* set =? ! ne$ ( a di/9ct type ( hi/ory = ! ,s\?3 ,! ,tru? ( ! ,w> ,conspiracy ( #ahfa1 by ,h4 ,w4 ,john/one1 & ,tru?s ( ,hi/ory1 by ,mildr$ ,lewis ,ru!r=d1 /ate hi/orian = ! ,unit$ ,daught]s ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,^! pamphlets receiv$ ! unanim\s endorsem5t ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans at _! meet+ 9 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 ,june1 #aibb1 9 a resolution recomm5d+ _! use 9 ! public s*ools4#dgd ,among o!r ?+s1 ^! writ+s purport$ to e/abli% ! fact t ,l9coln began ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! committee report decl>$3 8,?is ,! ,tru? ( ! ,w> ,conspiracy ( #ahfa pres5ts ! (ficial evid5ce ga!r$ pr9cipally f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ar*ives1 :i* proves ! ,conf$]ate ,w> 0 delib]ately & p]sonally conceiv$ & its inauguration made by ,abraham ,l9coln1 & t he 0 p]sonally responsible = =c+ ! w> ^u ! ,s\?40#dge ,! endorsem5t ( ?is ultra-,s\!rn viewpo9t caus$ a /orm ( prote/1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,nor?4 ,"u ! caption 8,! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans' ,new ,gl&s10 ! ,*icago ,daily ,tribune obs]v$3 8,we are mov$ to wond]1 #8,:at is hi/ory8' ,! ,/&>d ,diction>y def9es x z #8a sy/ematic record ( pa/ ev5ts4' ,no bett] def9ition 9 six words occurs to u4 ,b m or less rec5t ev5ts 9 _w politics1 c\pl$ ) ! curr5t action ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans1 indicates sic t t def9ition is 9 error4 ,hi/ory is becom+1 if x has n already rea*$ t /age1 a m$ium ( propag&a4 ,t became evid5t 9 ! _w w>1 :5 ,european hi/ories 7 comb$ = evid5ce ( ! innate b>b>ity ( ! ,g]man p4 ,x 0 m evid5t 9 ! ef=ts to ar\se ! ,am]ican p to ! po9t ( int]v5tion & actual w>f>e to free ,irel&4 ,x is n[ emphasiz$ ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans to impose ^u ! *ildr5 ( ! s\? _! own int]pretation ( ! ,civil ,w>1 reg>dless ( accuracy or ! effect ^u ! nation4 ,! ,vet]ans are attempt+ to pass on _! old hates & rancors to _! desc5dants4 ,!y h n yet surr5d]$ to ,grant4 ,!y are a trifle feeble1 to be sure1 b app>5tly becom+ less s4 ,!y are busily engag$ 9 swapp+ _! old gl&s = new40#dgf ,! ,new ,york ,times express$ equally /rong disapproval ( an ef=t to revive ! bitt]ness ( ! pa/ & attempt 8a revocation ( beatification or canonization0 ( ,l9coln4#dgg ,no less res5tful at ! attempt$ disp>agem5t ( ,l9coln's s]vices 7 ! (fic]s ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 :o assail$ ,miss ,ru!r=d's /atem5t t ,l9coln began ! w> z a 8lie40#dgh ,mrs4 ,john ,a4 ,logan1 repres5t+ ! ,dames ( ! ,loyal ,legion1 also (f]$ objections to su* 8a p]v]sion ( facts10 & decl>$ t all patriotic societies w\ld be urg$ to seek ! suppression ( any su* hi/ories4#dgi ,prote/s aga9/ ?is revival ( sectional animosity 7 n localiz$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! ,macon ,georgia ,telegraph sugge/$ to ,miss ,ru!r=d t %e w\ld f9d bett] employm5t 7 %e to br+ to public view ! virtues1 ! g5]osities & h]oisms :i* 7 9 ! ,old ,s\? & %\ld be c>ri$ ov] 9 ! ,new ,s\?4 ,! ,telegraph also believ$ t x w\ld prove fruitful ( good 7 %e to dwell on ! cordial tributes paid by ! ,nor? to ,lee z a man & z a g5]al2 & z = ,l9coln1 ) mu* less rese>* ?an %e us$ 9 une>?+ dubi\s evid5ces ( 8 antagonism to ! ,s\!rn]s1 %e c\ld f9d almo/ innum]able & indubitable pro(s ( 8 good-w4 ,! ,telegraph conclud$ t 8! :ole nation looks ^u its ,l9colns & its ,lees z ,am]icans1 & humanity looks ^u !m z its own40#dhj ,beside ! allegation t ,l9coln began ! ,civil ,w>1 ,miss ,ru!r=d1 foll[+ ! impulse giv5 h] by ! ,john/one pamphlet1 ,tru?s ( ! ,w> ,conspiracy ( #ahfa1dha (f]$ quotations to %[ t ,l9coln 0 n a fit example = *ildr51 nor 0 he giv5 8 rightful place 9 hi/ory4 ,su* quotations z ! foll[+ are indicative ( ! "* ( h] rem>ks3 8,p f\nd 9 ,l9coln be=e 8 dea? no?+ rem>kably good or great1 b on ! contr>y1 f\nd 9 him ! rev]se ( goodness or greatness4 ,l9coln z "o ( ,fame's immortals does n appe> 9 ! ,l9coln ( #ahfa 7,s*\l]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #ba740dhb 8,l9coln sign$ ! liquor rev5ue bill & turn$ ! saloon loose on ! c\ntry1 ?us undo+ ! previ\s temp]ance "w ( ! *ur*es40#dhc 8,mr4 ,l9coln w5t to *ur*1 b he w5t to mock & came away to mimic40#dhd 8,! p all drank1 & ,abe 0 = do+ :at ! p did1 "r or wrong40#dhe ,miss ,ru!r=d also pres5t$ evid5ce design$ to prove t ,l9coln 0 a tricky politician1#dhf & t ! ,emancipation ,proclamation 0 uncon/itutional4#dhg ,9 contra/ ) ^! *>act]izations ( ,l9coln are ! 8spotless integrity1 controll+ consci5ce0 & 8s9c]e religi\s convictions0 ascrib$ to ,davis4 ,ev5 a ,nor!rn hi/orian1 ,ridpa?1 accord+ to ,miss ,ru!r=d1 te/ifi$ t ,davis _h bitt]ness t[>d no man4#dhh ,eighty-"o p] c5t ( ! s*ools & colleges 9 ! ,s\?1 accord+ to ,miss ,ru!r=d1 7 us+1 9 #aiba1 8text-books untrue to ! ,s\?10 & 8sev5te5 p] c5t0 7 8us+ hi/ories omitt+ mo/ important facts conc]n+ ! ,s\?40#dhi ,z writt51 ! hi/ories 8magnify & exalt ! ,new ,engl& colonies & ! ,mayfl[] crew1 ) b>e m5tion ( ! ,jame/[n ,colony1 ?irte5 ye>s old]1 & ! crews ( ! ,susan ,con/ant1 ! ,discov]y1 & ! ,goodspe$40#dij ,o!r objectionable features 9 mo/ s*ool hi/ories 7 ! 8ext5d$ acc\nt0 g5]ally giv5 to ! 8religi\s fai? & practice0 ( ,new ,engl& ) no m5tion ( ,sir ,?omas ,dale's ,code 9 ! ,jame/[n ,colony1 8:i* en=c$ daily att5dance ^u ,div9e wor%ip1 p5alty = abs5ce1 p5alty = blasphemy1 p5alty = speak+ evil ( ! ,*ur*1 & refus+ to answ] ! ,cate*ism1 & = neglect+ "w40#dia ,o!r ,s\!rn]s ?an ,miss ,ru!r=d h criticiz$ ! cu/om>y pres5tation ( hi/ory4 8,we owe x to our dead1 to our liv+1 & to our *ildr51 to pres]ve ! tru? & repel ! falsehoods1 s t we may secure j judgm5t f ! only tribunal be=e :i* we may appe> & be fully & fairly he>d1 & t tribunal is ! b> ( hi/ory10 ass]t$ ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,hill4#dib ,likewise ,?omas ,nelson ,page decl>$3 8,9 a few ye>s !re w be no ,s\? to dem& a hi/ory if we h hi/ory z x is n[ writt54 ,h[ d we /& today 9 ! eyes ( ! _w8 ,we are e/eem$ #8ignorant1 illit]ate1 cruel1 semi-b>b>\s1 a race sunk5 9 brutality & vice1 a race ( slave driv]s :o disrupt$ ! ,union 9 ord] to p]petuate human slav]y & :o z a p h contribut$ no?+ to ! advancem5t ( mank9d4'0#dic ,among ! textbooks designat$ by ,miss ,ru!r=d = special criticism 7 ,davidson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,montgom]y's ,beg9n]'s ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 & ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory4#did ,davidson 0 criticiz$ because he ass]t$ t 8! ,jame/[n coloni/s 7 vici\s idl]s & jail birds pick$ up on ! /reets ( ,london10 & because ( ! /atem5t t 8side by side ! two civilizations _h gr[n up 9 ,am]ica--! "o d$icat$ to progress & kept up ) ! _s ( ! age--! o!r a l&$ ari/ocracy ) slav]y z ! *ief excuse = its exi/5ce40#die ,condemnation 0 met$ out to ,muzzey's textbook because x 0 alleg$ t he said1 8,! cause = :i* ! ,conf$]ate soldi]s f\ght 0 an unwor?y cause & %\ld h be5 defeat$10 & because 8x is impossible = ! /ud5t ( hi/ory today to feel o!rwise ?an t ! cause = :i* ! ,s\? f\ght 0 unwor?y40#dif ,montgom]y 0 plac$ 9 ! objectionable gr\p because he describ$ ! settl]s ( ,georgia z 8fil?y1 ragg$1 dirty prison]s tak5 f ! #8,debtor's ,prison' by ,ogle?orpe40#dig ,on ! o!r h&1 ,r4 ,g4 ,horton's ,a ,y\?'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w> pres5ts a po9t ( view acceptable to ,miss ,ru!r=d1 = x decl>es t 8! )drawal ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates f ! ,union 0 9 no s5se a decl>ation ( w> ^u ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t b ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t decl>$ w> on !m1 z hi/ory w %[40#dih ,d\btless ! mo/ prejudic$ discussion ( moot$ que/ions s9ce ! ,civil ,w> appe>s 9 ! textbooks produc$ be=e ! op5+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,?is p]iod1 9 g5]al1 *>act]iz$ by a _s ( int5se local patriotism1 reflect$ itself cle>ly 9 ! hi/ory textbooks4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod 7 publi%$ su* ,s\!rn textbooks z ,v5able1 ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,lee1 ,new ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,*amb]s1 ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,taylor1 ,model ,s*ool ,hi/ory4 ,susan ,p5dleton ,lee's ,new ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c be quot$ z typical4 8,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recogniz$ slav]y4444 ,! op9ion t x 0 a moral wrong did n prevail be=e ! days ( ,g>rison & 8 foll[]s :o pron\nc$ x to be ! sum ( all #8iniquity4'444 ,! outcry aga9/ slav]y _h made ! ,s\!rn p /udy ! subject1 & !y _h rea*$ ! conclusion t ! evils connect$ ) x 7 less ?an ^? ( any o!r sy/em ( labor4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,african savages _h be5 ,*ri/ianiz$ "u its influ5ce4 ,! k9de/ relations exi/$ betwe5 ! slaves & _! own]s4444 ,! bondage 9 :i* ! negroes 7 held 0 n ?\ght a wrong to !m1 because !y 7 bett] (f ?an any o!r m5ial class 9 ! _w40#dii ,! same au?or ju/ifi$ ! ,ku ,klux ,klan because 8no high spirit$1 c\rage\s p c\ld pati5tly submit to su* a gov]nm5t40 8,z op5 resi/ance 0 impossible10 %e decl>es1 8!y1 too1 _h rec\rse to secret organizations4 ,!y 7 at fir/ local1 & 7 int5d$ = self-protection aga9/ ! b>n burn+s & worse outrages committ$ by misguid$ negroes40#ejj ,z a result ( ?is desire to pres5t ! hi/ory ( _! section 9 t]ms ( _! own convictions1 ! ,s\!rn]s h always agitat$ = textbooks diff]5t f ^? us$ 9 ,nor!rn s*ools4 ,nor!rn textbook companies ^: ent]prise 0 mu* condemn$ dur+ ! ante-bellum p]iod h capitaliz$ ?is sectional pref]5ce & produc$ = ,s\!rn consumption1 among o!rs1 ,evans' ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,*amb]s' ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,/eph5son's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory4#eja ,on ! o!r h&1 = ! ,nor?1 ! same book companies h publi%$ textbooks satisfactory to t section4 ,today1 9 sub/antially all ( ! /ates :i* =m$ ! ,conf$]acy1 specific textbooks 9 ,am]ican hi/ory are prescrib$1 a practice n s univ]sal 9 ! ,nor?1 :]e local adoption is sometimes f\nd4#ejb ,an analysis ( ^! ,s\!rn textbooks1 h[ev]1 discloses a v temp]ate pres5tation ( controv]sial que/ions4 ,^u ! po9ts ( cont5tion betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?1 !re is a natural bias 9 favor ( ! ,s\?1 a t5d5cy to attempt ju/ification & exon]ation4 ,evans1 9 ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 = example1 9 discuss+ 8reasons = secession10 lays great] /ress ?an ! textbooks ( ! ,nor? on ! "r ( secession1 a 8"r :i* _h be5 ass]t$ by o!r ?an ! ,s\!rn ,/ates40#ejc ,/eph5son1 9 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 dubs ,john ,br[n z 8t t]rible ,john ,br[n10#ejd & *>act]izes ! c>pet-bag gov]nm5ts z insol5t1 di%one/ & viol5t4#eje ,! t]ms 8rebellion0 & 8civil w>0 are employ$ by ,nor!rn1 n ,s\!rn1 hi/ories1 ! 8w> ( ! /ates0 & ! 8w> ( secession0 be+ us$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,,attempts ,,( ,,! ,,gr& ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,republic ,,to ,,control ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,six ye>s be=e ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 9 reunion accept$ ! report ( _! fir/ hi/orical committee reg>d+ ! 8false0 hi/ories us$ 9 ,s\!rn s*ools1 ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic le>n$ ?r\gh a simil> *annel t ! hi/ory textbooks ( ! ,nor? 8signally0 fail$ 8to compreh5d ! causes t result$ 9 ! w> ( ! rebellion40#ejf ,mu* cause = compla9t arose f ! fact t textbooks 7 8compil$ = a national sy/em ( education1 ,s\? z well z ,nor?10--a condition held sadly unacceptable1 x w\ld seem1 by ! patriotic organizations ( ?is p]iod4#ejg ,9 ! ,report ( #ahhh1 ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 und]took to po9t out /atem5ts 9 textbooks us$ 9 ! ,s\? :i* appeal$ to !m z indicative ( 8a ?or\ghly /udi$1 rank1 p>tisan sy/em ( sectional education40#ejh ,z a case 9 po9t ,davidson's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 8publi%$ at ,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 by "o ,w4 ,j4 ,duffie1 copyright$ 9 #ahfi10 0 exam9$4 ,?is hi/ory1 s ! ,report decl>$1 9 ,*apt] #aie ascrib$ 8! cause ( secession1 :i* 0 ! cause ( ! w>10 to ! fact t 8,congress kept pass+ laws :i* x _h no "r to pass accord+ to ! ,con/itution40#eji ,fur!r1 9 speak+ ( ! )drawal ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a f ! ,union ! au?or ass]t$ t 8%e _h a "r to d ?is2 t is1 if ! ,/ates rights p>ty ( ! ,s\? 0 correct 9 its doctr9e40#eaj ,! ,report condemn$ ano!r hi/ory textbook1 writt5 by ,blackburn & ,mc,donald1 because ( ! foll[+ passage3 8,! second ye> ( ! w> n[ comm5c$2 x f\nd ea* section prep>+ ) t]rible e>ne/ness = ! conflict4 ,! ,s\? 0 /ra9+ e n]ve to resi/ ! ,nor!rn multitudes2 444 ,to fill h] armies ! ,nor? _h a bett] & m successful mode1 %e (f]$ imm5se b\nties & high pay4 ,induc$ by ^!1 ?\s&s ( ,european m]c5>ies enli/$4 ,! ,s\? _h no?+ b h] gallant *ildr5 to put 9 ! field & ?us %e 0 condemn$ to /ake h] mo/ preci\s jewels aga9/ ! tra% ( ,europe40#eaa ,o!r gr\nds = criticism 7 f\nd 9 ,alex&] ,/eph5s' common s*ool hi/ory :i* 0 guilty ( an ef=t 8to indoctr9ate ! y\?0 ( ! ,s\? ) ! 8mon/r\s h]esy0 ( /ate rights & secession4#eab 8,^! ,s\!rn hi/ories d n fail to make kn[n _! side ( ?is "q4 ,!y are full ( x10 conclud$ ! ,committee4 8,:at we deem treason is !re made respectable4 ,:ile our hi/ories on ! same subject are comp>atively sil5t1 inde$ are s lam5tably defici5t ^u ?is "q t x 7 f> bett] to disc>d all hi/ory ( our c\ntry dur+ ! epo* ( #ahfj-e ?an to admit !m to our s*ools z n[ compil$4 ,x is inde$ "t to cease toy+ ) treason = policy1 & to cease illu/rat+ rebels z h]oes1 z 9 ! case ( "s ( our s*ool hi/ories40#eac ,! ,report ( #ahhh inaugurat$ a practice ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,! ,report ( #ahib laid its emphasis ^u ! fact t ! textbooks 9 hi/ory 8sl&]$ ! ,nor? & ! cause ( ! ,union1 444 depreciat$ ! value ( our troops1 & repres5t$ t ! ,s\? 0 9 ! "r1 & t ! army :i* sav$ ! ,union 0 a wick$ aggressor44440#ead ,9 #ahie ! ,encampm5t1 meet+ at ,l\isville1 _h its att5tion call$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,indiana to ! "* ( hi/ory textbooks us$ 9 ,nor!rn s*ools4 ,9 t /ate al>m _h be5 excit$ by ,montgom]y's ,lead+ ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 8! au?oriz$ hi/ory0 = ! public s*ools ( ! /ate4 ,"u ! auspices ( ! local ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 an inve/igation ( ?is book _h be5 conduct$4 ,z a result1 sev5 *>ges 7 pres5t$ aga9/ x1 ! indictm5t /at+ t ,ellis' ,eclectic ,prim>y ,hi/ory & ,b>nes' ,hi/ory 7 believ$ to be 8equally objectionable40#eae ,! objections ( ! ,indiana ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 receiv$ ! endorsem5t ( ! national encampm5t1 & ,montgom]y's hi/ory 0 f\nd guilty on ! foll[+ c\nts3 fir/1 x conta9$ 8no sugge/ion or intimation t ! m5 :o f\ght = ! pres]vation ( ! ,union 7 "r02 second1 !re 0 8a g5]al unfairness ( treatm5t ( ! p ( ! ,nor?1 ( ! (fic]s & soldi]s ( ! ,union armies & ! battles f\ght by !m02 ?ird1 x 0 8calculat$ to give ! /ud5t false impressions z to ! relative c\rage1 h]oism & a*ievem5ts ( ! cont5d+ armies1 & ( ! endurance1 devotion & sacrifices ( ! p ( ! two sections ( ! c\ntry engag$ 9 ! conflict02 f\r?1 8! acc\nts ( ! victories ( ! ,conf$]ates0 7 8exagg]at$1 :ile ^? ( ! ,union armies0 7 8dw>f$ & made insignificant by comp>ison02 9 ! fif? place1 8all /atem5ts ( a comm5datory & eulogi/ic "*0 7 8res]v$ = ! ,conf$]ates1 :ile no?+ ( l "*0 0 said 89 favor ( ! ,union soldi]s or p02 six?1 t x 0 8unpatriotic & p>tisan 9 /atem5t1 tone & s5tim5t02 & sev5?1 t x 0 8unreliable 9 its /atem5t ( facts40#eaf ,among objectionable hi/ory textbooks 8writt5 by ,s\!rn au?ors1 = ! av[$ purpose ( giv+ a hi/ory ( ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion f a ,s\!rn /&po9t10 0 t ( 8,rev]5d ,dr4 ,d4 ,w4 ,jones1 publi%$ 9 #ahif40eag ,?is book 0 tak5 8z a fair sample ( its class0 by ! ,committee on ,s*ool ,hi/ories report+ 9 #ahig4 ,! ,vet]ans re/$ _! case ^u su* a /atem5t z3 8,! sec$+ /ates n only _h a p]fect "r to )draw f ! ,union b !y _h amply suffici5t cause = do+ s40#eah ,9 ! 8c>eful exam9ation0 to :i* ! s*ool hi/ories ( ! ,nor? 7 subject$ by ! ,committee ( #ahig no book 0 f\nd :i* des]v$ 8unqualifi$ endorsem5t40#eai ,?is 0 due to ! 8"o vital defect0 common to all ! hi/ories--t all ( !m treat$ ! ,w> 8z a conte/ betwe5 ! sections ( ! c\ntry 444 & n z a w> wag$ by ! ,gov]nm5t = ! suppression ( rebellion aga9/ ,national au?ority & meant to de/roy ,national exi/5ce40#ebj ,inde$1 ! ,committee _h rea*$ _! conclusions reg>d+ ! 8hi/ories 9 g5]al use 9 all sections0 aft] 8two days ( exam9ation40#eba ,dur+ ?is "t !y _h f\nd 9 8_m ( ^! works extravagant expressions z #8?is cru%+ defeat'0 9 speak+ ( ! ,nor!rn army1 & su* a /atem5t z 8#8! ,conf$]ates c\ld n be conqu]$ until !y 7 de/roy$1'0--all equally obnoxi\s & uncomplim5t>y to ! ,nor?4#ebb ,su* a condition1 ! ,committee felt1 arose f 8a comm]cial _s0 :i* 8l>gely controls & inspires ^! publications40#ebc ,9 view ( ! situation z x !n exi/$1 ! ,committee ask$ t ! 8,encampm5t record a solemn & emphatic prote/ aga9/ ! fur!r use ( any hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w> 9 ! public s*ools ( ?is c\ntry :i* does n tea* t ?is w> 0 a w> wag$ by ! ,national ,gov]nm5t = ! suppression ( rebellion & ! pres]vation ( ,national exi/5ce2 t !re 0 a "r side & a wrong side1 444 t 9 ! decision ( ?is "q ! victors 7 "r & ! vanqui%$ wrong40#ebd ,!y fur!r recomm5d$ t ! agitation = 8improv$ text-books0 be cont9u$1 t a p]man5t committee on ! tea*+ ( patriotism 9 ! s*ools be appo9t$1 & t ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic & its alli$ organizations 8give direct & p]si/5t att5tion to ! removal & exclusion ( improp] hi/ories 444 9 use40#ebe ,! results ( ! agitation = 8unbias$0 hi/ories :i* ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans felt _h be5 a*iev$ by #ahif 9 ! ,s\?1 ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 ?r\gh _! activities fail$ to accompli% 9 ! ,nor? be=e #ahih4 ,h[ev]1 at t "t !y felt 8ju/ifi$ to report sub/antial improvem5t 9 ! tone & s5tim5t0 ( textbooks1 p>ticul>ly 9 8! m rec5t publications40#ebf ,yet !y urg$ 8a cont9uance ( ef=t 444 to place be=e ! *ildr5 ( ! ,republic tru?ful & patriotic hi/ories0 ( ! ,civil ,w>1 & regi/]$ a 8solemn & emphatic prote/0 aga9/ ! proposal t ! /ruggle ( #ahfa to #ahfe be call$ 8! ,civil ,w> betwe5 ! ,/ates40#ebg ,! foll[+ ye> ! ,committee report rang ) a _s ( optimism because ( ! *ang$ "* ( hi/ory writ+ & in/ruction br\ght ab\t by 8our organization40 ,z pro( = _! gratification !y po9t$ out t 89 "o ( ! lead+ works 9 use m ?an fifty sub/antial *anges ( ! text h be5 made 9 t portion pres5t+ ! hi/ory ( ! rebellion40#ebh ,yet regret 0 express$ t no hi/ory kn[n to !m made 8x cle> 9 /atem5t t ! w> = ! pres]vation ( ! ,union 0 prosecut$ on ! "o side by ! ,national ,gov]nm5t & on ! o!r by ^? 9 arm$ rebellion aga9/ its au?ority40#ebi ,to insure cont9u$ vigilance ! ,encampm5t approv$ ! appo9tm5t ( an 8aide0 to ea* dep>tm5t to keep 9 t\* ) ! s*ool hi/ories 9 8 /ate1 & to 8conf] ) s*ool au?orities & endeavor ?r\gh !m to secure ! be/ obta9able s*ool hi/ories 9 ! s*ools & ! exclusion ( su* z are unfit40#ecj ,! satisfaction express$ by ! ,committee ( #aijj 0 reit]at$ at ! encampm5t ! foll[+ ye>4 ,b ! ,committee 7 robb$ ( mu* ( _! gratification :5 !y consid]$ ! 8av[$ly sectional /&po9t0 ( hi/ories 9 ! ,s\?1 :]e x 0 /ill taught t ! ,conf$]ate ,/ates 7 8a lawful gov]nm5t40#eca ,! agitation to inve/igate hi/ory textbooks lo/ mu* ( its vigor & aggressive anxiety ) ! op5+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,9 #aijd ! *airman ( ! s*ool hi/ory committee sugge/$ 89 view ( ! utt] want ( int]e/ exhibit$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry 9 reg>d to ?is matt]0 t ! committee 8be aboli%$40#ecb ,w>r5 ,lee ,goss1 national patriotic in/ructor1 report+ at ! =ty-fir/ encampm5t 9 #aijg decl>$ x 8 belief t ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 7 8n call$ ^u to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! regul> in/ruction 9 ! s*ools 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 b r to supplem5t t in/ruction by special obs]vances40#ecc ,two ye>s lat] ! portion ( ! report on patriotic in/ruction devot$ to 8hi/ories0 m]ely li/$ ! textbooks mo/ commonly us$1#ecd & 9 #aiaj a simil> report eulogiz$ 8! loyalty & patriotism ( ! majority ( ^? liv+ :o wore ! gray40#ece ,?is sympa!tic & tol]ant attitude seems to h rema9$ un*all5g$ 9 ! successive encampm5ts ( ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r41 & unlike ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans ( ! la/ few reunions1 ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic h n s\ght to rek9dle old animosities4 ,,textbooks ,,= ,,roman ,,ca?olics ,z e>ly z #ahcd ! ,roman ,ca?olics ( ,new ,york urg$ ^u ! s*ools textbooks :i* w\ld %[ agreem5t ) _! po9t ( view4 ,9 #ahbh ! ,public ,s*ool ,society1 an organization design$ to educate poor *ildr5 n provid$ = by any religi\s society1 0 all[$ to levy a local tax = its support4 ,to ?is ! ,roman ,ca?olics rais$ objections1 s9ce !y 7 p]mitt$ to dictate nei!r ! k9d ( in/ruction (f]$ nor ! textbooks adopt$4 ,among ! po9ts 9 controv]sy 0 ! reque/ ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy t no book %\ld be us$ b su* z _h be5 submitt$ to ! ,bi%op & decl>$ 8free f sect>ian pr9ciples or calumnies aga9/ 8 religion40#ecf ,9 ^? books :]e objectionable /atem5ts 7 f\nd1 x 0 sugge/$ 8t su* passages be expung$ or left out 9 b9d+40#ecg ,! c5sor%ip reque/$ 0 n grant$1 & 9 #ahdj ! agitation reg>d+ textbooks 0 r5ew$4 ,aga9 x 0 *>g$ t "s books conta9$ passages n m]ely displeas+ to ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 b ho/ile to _! fai?2 :]eas o!rs indulg$ 9 /atem5ts :i* 7 bo? 8defamatory0 & 8false40 ,! tru/ees ( ! ,public ,s*ool ,society1 av[$ly anxi\s to dissipate ^! objections1 took measures to secure in=mation f v>i\s s\rces1 includ+ bo? laym5 & cl]gy1 ) ! hope t a removal ( ! compla9t might be effect$4 ,!y adopt$ a resolution decl>+ t !y w\ld submit = exam9ation1 to ! ,rev]5d ,felix ,v>ela1 "s textbooks us$ 9 ,public ,s*ool ,numb] #e4 ,z fur!r pro( ( _! desire = h>mony1 ! tru/ees appo9t$ a committee ( five to see :e!r ! books 9 ! s*ools or libr>ies conta9$ passages d]ogatory to ! ,roman ,ca?olics4#ech ,foll[+ _! action ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,v>ela po9t$ out c]ta9 objectionable features 9 "s ( ! textbooks4 ,9 "o geography he discov]$ a passage 9 :i* ! ,ca?olic cl]gy 7 *>act]iz$ z hav+ great influ5ce b be+ oppos$ to ! diffusion ( k4 ,he also disapprov$ ( ! description ( ,italy 9 :i* 7 /atem5ts :i* w\ld 8t5d to dim9i% ! consid]ation t a ,ca?olic *ild has = ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*40#eci ,9 ano!r textbook1 ! discussion ( ! "* ( ,lu!r prov$ objectionable1 =1 al?\gh x might please ! ,prote/ants1 he felt t !re 0 impli$ an attack on ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,on ,july #i1 #ahdj1 ,john ,p[]1 vice-g5]al ( ! diocese ( ,new ,york1 wrote a lett] to ! editor ( ,freeman's ,j\rnal1 9 :i* he voic$ 8 disapproval ( ! textbooks employ$ to in/ruct *ildr54 ,odium1 he felt1 0 atta*$ to ! ,ca?olic cl]gy because !y 7 repres5t$ z keep+ ! p 9 ignorance to promote _! own int]e/s1 & libr>ies conta9$ books ) 8mo/ malevol5t & f\l attacks on _! religion 444 no d\bt ) ! v laudable purpose ( tea*+ !m ,ca?olic *ildr5 to abhor & despise t mon/] call$ pop]y40#edj ,) failure att5d+ _! ef=ts at c5sor%ip1 ! ,roman ,ca?olics resort$ to an address to _! 8fell[ citiz5s ( ! city & /ate ( ,new ,york0 9 :i* !y appeal$ = a r$ress ( _! grievances4 8,we are ,am]icans & ,am]ican citiz5s4 ,if "s ( u are =eign]s10 !y decl>$1 8x is only by ! accid5t ( bir?14444 ,b our *ildr51 = ^: rights z well z our own we cont5d 9 ?is matt]1 are ,am]icans by nativity40#eda ,repeat+ ! ass]tions ( ! prie/s1 ! address remon/rat$ aga9/ ! false 8hi/orical /atem5ts respect+ ! m5 & ?+s ( pa/ times1 calculat$ to fill ! m9ds ( our *ildr5 ) errors ( fact & at ! same "t to excite 9 !m prejudice aga9/ ! religion ( _! p>5ts & gu>dians40#edb ,9 answ] to ! exceptions rais$ by ! ,ca?olics1 ! tru/ees ( ! ,public ,s*ool ,society express$ d\bt z to ! wisdom ( expurgation1 = !y believ$ 8no?+ ( a m]e negative "*0 w\ld be acceptable4 8,! books select$ = ! *ildr510 !y /at$1 8h1 f ! fir/1 be5 ^? us$ & mo/ highly e/eem$ z s*ool-books4 ,! passages object$ to1 or ne>ly all ( !m1 are hi/orical1 & relate to :at is g5]ally call$ ! ,re=mation4 ,! writ]s 7 ,prote/ants1 & took a view ( ! m5 & incid5ts ( t excit$ & ev5tful p]iod directly oppos$ to ^? ent]ta9$ by ! memb]s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,^! portions1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 be (f5sive to ,ca?olics1 & !y furni% j cause = compla9t4444 ,! objectionable passages are n num]\s1 b ! books are n to be f\nd )\t !m4444 ,! difficulty ( procur+ books entirely exempt f objection _c p]haps be m =cibly illu/rat$ ?an by ! fact t "o "w conta9+ passages z liable to objection z almo/ any o!r1 is n[ us$ z a class-book ev5 9 ! ,ca?olic s*ools4 ,x is ! int5tion ( ! tru/ees1 nev]!less1 to prosecute ! "w ( expurgation until e j cause ( compla9t is remov$40#edc ,z a result ( ! agitation1 revis$ & expurgat$ books appe>$2 9 "s in/ances ! objectionable passages 7 /amp$ out ) ink f a wood5 block or ! leaves pa/$ toge!r or remov$4 ,9 "s cases ! books "u criticism 7 prohibit$ 9 ! libr>ies & ! s*ools4 ,yet ?is fail$ to satisfy ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,:5 ! expurgat$ editions 7 worn out1 !y 7 replac$ by new books )\t *anges1 & gradually ?is discussion ov] textbooks subsid$4 ,dur+ ! 'eighties x aga9 became a matt] ( speculation ) ! ,roman ,ca?olics :e!r !y %\ld be tax$ to support s*ools f :i* _! *ildr5 got 8no b5efit10 or1 if att5d+1 suff]$ 8positive injury & inju/ice40#edd ,!y 7 inde$ skeptical z to ! m]its ( a non-sect>ian education :i* !y held 8pr(ess$ly non-,*ri/ian10--a sy/em t occupi$ itself 8z little ) ! mission1 hi/ory1 & tea*+s ( ! div9e ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity0 z x did 8) ! life & doctr9es ( ,confucius or ,buddha40#ede ,a /orm c5t] ( ! agitation 0 ,bo/on1 :]e ! ,ca?olics =m$ a consid]able numb] ( ! population4 ,"h a d5unciation ( public s*ool in/ruction includ$ bo? tea*]s & textbooks1 result+ 9 ! removal ( ,sw9ton's ,hi/ory & ! dismissal ( a tea*] 7a ,mr4 ,travis7 = 8errone\s & mislead+0 /atem5ts ab\t ! grant+ ( indulg5ces4 8,x is v h>d10 decl>$ "o writ] on ! controv]sy1 8t a "y man :o tea*es only :at he has be5 taught himself1 only :at ?\s&s ( "y m5 & wom5 h be5 taught & are tea*+1 %\ld be s+l$ out & set aside = p5alty :ile o!rs g scot free4444 ,:ile ! ,roman ,ca?olics 7 weak !y c\ld n help !mselves1 & we w5t on say+ :at we pleas$4 ,n[ !y are num]\s en\gh 9 "s places to hold ! balance ( p[]1 & !y hold x ) a mighty grasp44440#edf ,9 an ef=t to prev5t ! exclusion ( ! textbook f ! s*ools1 ! ,prote/ants advanc$ v>i\s argum5ts3 t x _h be5 9 use t5 ye>s )\t prote/1 t 8! outcry0 0 n 8hone/10 & t ! agitation 0 8simply ! op5+ w$ge = riv+ our s*ool sy/em & divid+ ! public s*ool money betwe5 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants40#edg ,o!r hi/ories ?an ,sw9ton's 7 9 l mann] plac$ by ! ,ca?olics 9 ! objectionable li/4 ,x 0 alleg$ t ,prescott's works 8sw>med ) ,puritan prejudice aga9/ all ?+s ,ca?olic0 & t ,macaulay's ,hi/ory ( ,engl& emphasiz$ ! wor/ traits ( ,ca?olic p]sonages & gave little cr$it to ! ,jesuits4#edh ,s f> z ,macaulay 0 conc]n$1 "o ,ca?olic object$ to s5d+ 8 *ildr5 to s*ool to /udy hi/ory f a book ackn[l$g$ by ! ,prote/ants to be 8a glori\sly ,prote/ant book10 by :i* 8 *ildr5 w\ld be 8glori\sly indoctr9at$ into ,prote/antism & a hatr$ ( _! p>5ts' religion40#edi ,z a means ( settl+ ! controv]sy x 0 sugge/$ t all hi/ory or ! p>ts relat+ to ! ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic *ur*es be omitt$ f ! curriculum4 ,?is c\ld be done1 "o writ] ma9ta9$1 8)\t miss+ any?+ ( value to our common s*ool sy/em or to our o!r *]i%$ in/itutions40 ,moreov]1 x 0 also held t !re 7 8pl5ty ( undisput$ topics0 to be /udi$ 9 ! s*ools :i* 7 look$ ^u ) 8entire unanimity0 by 8all cre$s10 su* z two & two make f\r4 ,= 8no?+ %\ld ev] be taught 9 s*ools support$ by common funds except t :i* is accept$ by ! common fai?40#eej ,) ! great expansion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce ! ,civil ,w> & ! gr[? ( p>o*ial s*ools 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! p>ticul> ne$s ( ! ,ca?olics h be5 met by ! ent]prise ( publi%]s 9 supply+ special textbooks = _! use4#eea ,z a result today !re are f\nd 9 p>o*ial s*ools su* social /udy textbooks z ,mc,carthy's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,o',h>a's ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ca?olic ,s*ools by ! ,franciscan ,si/]s ( ! ,p]petual ,adoration ( ,/4 ,rose ,conv5t1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wiscons91 ,lawl]'s ,ess5tials ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,bett5's ,! ,anci5t ,_w1 ,bett5 & ,kaufman's ,! ,mod]n ,_w1 & ,burke's ,political ,economy4#eeb ,! desire to pres5t ev5ts 9 ,am]ican hi/ory 9 su* a way z to %[ ! importance ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has l$ to ! prep>ation ( textbooks l ,mc,carthy's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ?is book x has be5 8made cle> t ,ca?olics discov]$1 & 9 a l>ge way1 explor$ ^! cont95ts1 t ,ca?olics transf]r$ civilization hi!r1 t !y op5$ to ! comm]ce ( ,europe ! trade ( ! ,pacific1 & t !y und]took ! conv]sion ( multitudes ( dusky natives1 ( :om few _h ris5 to ! upp] /ages ( b>b>ism40#eec ,al?\gh ! 8w> = indep5d5ce0 0 begun l>gely by ,prote/ants1 ! au?or av]s ! help ( ,ca?olic nations l ,france & ,spa9 gave 8und\bt$ assi/ance to ! ,new ,republic40 ,norse settlem5t & discov]y are treat$ ext5sively1 & ,columbus' mission>y _s receives consid]able att5tion4 ,ca?olic notables l ,gov]nor ,dongan1 ! ,calv]ts1 ,capta9 ,john ,b>ry1 & ,?omas ,macdon\gh are giv5 m space ?an ord9>ily allott$ 9 s*ool hi/ories4 8,! w9n+ ( ! ,we/1 9 :i* ,ca?olics act$ an important "p10 ! w> on ! sea 9 :i* are enum]at$ 8! exploits ( ! ,o',bri5s ( ,ma*ias1 ,ma9e10 8! beg9n+s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica0 & 8,wa%+ton's patriotic lett] to 8 ,ca?olic c\ntrym50 are o!r unique features4#eed ,simil> 9 po9t ( view is ! textbook writt5 by ! ,franciscan ,si/]s ( ! ,p]petual ,adoration4 ,its cont5ts1 ann\nces ! ,=eword1 are n immur$ )9 ! b\nds ( 8! usually taught hi/orical facts10 b include 8! too (t5 =gott5 ef=ts ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory40 ,n only is ! /ory ( 8! v5turesome explor]1 ! intrepid coloniz]1 ! h>dy pione]1 ! noble w>rior1 ! eloqu5t /atesman0 n>rat$1 b !re is also depict$ 8! quiet h]oism ( ! loyal sons & daught]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 8,our c\ntry is ju/ly pr\d ( ! lib]ty %e (f]s to all h] *ildr510 affirm ! au?ors1 8b ^! *ildr5 are _m 9 fai?1 & div]sifi$ 9 race peculi>ities4 ,common int]e/s may seem to unite !m f "t to "t1 b !re c be no true1 p]man5t union except :]e ! _s & ! fai? are dom9at+ =ces4 ,b :]e is su* a bond ( unity except 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*8 ,"m ,*ur* folds h] arms ab\t all h] *ildr5 & que/ions n _! color or _! race40#eee ,to ! tea*]s1 ! au?ors (f] c]ta9 aids & directions4 ,! importance ( a 8prop] sett+ ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory ) a k ( ! ?reefold *ronological divisions ( _w hi/ory0 & an insight into ! 8diff]5ce betwe5 ,sacr$ hi/ory & ,pr(ane1 or ,secul> hi/ory0 are indicat$4 ,9 ! p]iod ( colonization1 tea*]s are urg$ to make cle>1 among o!r ?+s1 8h[ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 l ! mu/>d se$ ( ! ,gospel1 has fl\ri%$ & gr[n1 z x 71 into a mighty tree40 ,! ,si/]s urge1 also1 a ?or\gh del9eation ( ! gr[? ( ! educational sy/em ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates includ+ an und]/&+ ( 8h[ our *]i%$ p>o*ial s*ools grew f humble beg9n+s into ! spl5did sy/em :i* n[ labors s zeal\sly = ! spiritual & intellectual welf>e ( our c\ntry40#eef ,! ,bett5-,kaufman hi/ories1 ,! ,anci5t ,_w & ,! ,mod]n ,_w1 are typical ( ,roman ,ca?olic textbooks 9 ! field ( ,european hi/ory4 ,bas$ ^u ,we/'s ,anci5t ,_w & 8 ,mod]n ,_w1 ! au?ors h introduc$ *anges desirable = ! purpose ( 8promot+ ! great cause ( ,ca?olic education40#eeg ,! *ief dep>ture f ! traditional ,european hi/ory textbook us$ 9 ! public s*ools is 9 ! discussion ( ,lu!r & ! ,re=mation4 ,al?\gh ,tetzel's use ( ! !ory ( indulg5ces is criticiz$ 9 ! ,bett5 & ,kaufman textbook z 8ill advis$10#eeh ,lu!r's !ories reg>d+ ! remission ( s9s are *>act]iz$ z 8mon/r\s40#eei ,! ,*ur* z an ag5cy = good & = promot+ ! civilization ( ! _w is giv5 significant att5tion2 ! 8,ca?olic view0 ( social evils is set =? 9 opposition to o!r !ories1 & a discussion ( 8h>moni\s cop]ation0 betwe5 *ur* & /ate is int5d$ to disclose ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! solution ( ! _w's evils4#efj ,9 an alli$ field ,fa!r ,burke has writt5 8 ,political ,economy design$ = use 9 ,ca?olic ,colleges1 ,high ,s*ools1 & ,academies4 ,"h political economy is discuss$ n only f ! /&po9t ( 8! m]ely concrete1 mat]ial ?+s t ent] into ! sci5ce1 b also ) ref]5ce to ! p]sonalities ( ! memb]s ( society ^: activity is ex]cis$ on ^! concrete1 mat]ial ?+s40#efa ,fa!r ,burke's book is divid$ into tw5ty-?ree *apt]s ) titles common to ! usual economics textbook4 ,its unique feature lies 9 ! treatm5t ( v>i\s economic !ories f ! po9t ( view ( ! 8,ca?olic ,s*ool40 ,! doctr9e ( ,mal?us is reject$ = moral & economic reasons1 :i* take _! c\rse 9 8human inju/ice & selfi%ness 9 ! _s ( gre$ t closes ! he>ts ( m5 to ! dictates ( *>ity & fairness10 & :i* lead to 8improp] me?ods ( ! di/ribution ( weal?40#efb ,! au?or expresses a belief 9 ! inequality ( man1 ?r\gh :i* comes inequality ( di/ribution4 ,su* a h>d%ip is due1 9 no small degree1 ,fa!r ,burke decl>es1 to ! 8fall5 /ate0 ( man4 ,because ( ! s9 ( 8 fir/ p>5ts he is 8subject to dea?1 to suff]+s1 to mis]y1 & to labor40 ,?is c be prov$1 x is av]r$1 by ! ,book ( ,revelation4 8,h5ce10 ass]ts ,fa!r ,burke1 8evils may exi/ 9 ?is _w1 inju/ice & oppression may g on1 & ! equilibration ( ?+s may nev] take place "h2 ! wick$ may prosp] & ! hone/ & j may be oppress$1 & no adequate rem$y may appe>2 yet ! mom5t ( comp5sation1 ( p]fect ju/ice1 w come1 if n 9 ?is life1 !n 9 ! life ( et]nity40#efc ,su* a pres5tation ( economic !ories has be5 acclaim$ highly satisfactory 9 ,ca?olic reviews1 =1 8s9ce e?ics z a sci5ce direct+ human actions accord+ to "r reason embraces ( necessity all ( man's activities1 x foll[s t political economy is rightly subject to ! laws ( e?ics40#efd 8,?is cle> und]/&+ ( ! /ate ( ! "q 444 enables u at once to detect ! errors & dang]s ( _m ( ! high s\nd+ economic !ories :i* occupy s mu* space 9 ! lit]ature ( ! day10 decl>es "o review]4#efe ,ano!r review] 9 ,ext5sion believes t an accurate k ( economic pr9ciples is impossible 8f an exam9ation ( ! text-books us$ 9 "s ( ! secul> colleges & univ]sities0 9 :i* n only are 8"s ( ! s-call$ pr9ciples false1 b ! resultant d$uctions1 :]e !y are n entirely fallaci\s1 are frequ5tly mislead+40#eff ,! ,pilot (f]s its endorsem5t ( ! textbook because 89 ^! days ( indu/rial & economic unre/1 :5 s mu* t is false & mislead+ is writt5 on political & social problems1 a book on political economy = ,ca?olic s*ools is mo/ welcome4 ,ca?olic philosophy sets =? s\nd & unimpea*able pr9ciples be>+ ^u ! rights ( ! individual & ( ! family1 & ^u ! p[]s & functions ( #8! ,/ate4'0#efg ,! purpose ( ^! books is to place emphasis ^u ,ca?olic contributions & ! p[] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z indicat$ 9 a textbook writt5 9 ! lat] n9ete5? c5tury1 ^: cont5t is mu* ! same z ! m rec5t ,ca?olic textbooks1 x is 8! manife/ duty ( ^? :o are entru/$ ) ! education ( our *ildr5 to see t 9 le>n+ ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry !y d n lose sight ( ! rise1 progress1 & social influ5ces ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4444#efh ,& f9ally1 z religion is always ! sweete/ inspiration & support ( patriotism1 ! break+ d[n ( religi\s beliefs 9 v>i\s mod]n nations1 & notably 9 our own1 is accompani$ by a loss ( patriotism4444 ,rev]5ce = au?ority is lo/1 & society1 9 ord] to protect itself1 is driv5 to appeal to =ce4 ,no?+ c av]t ! dang] b ! influ5ce ( a great moral p[] endors$ ) all ! attributes :i* create respect & enc\rage ob$i5ce4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ?is p[]44440#efi ,9 turn1 ^! textbooks h be5 criticis$ because ( ! am\nt ( space giv5 to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 comp>ison ) t allott$ o!r *ur*es4 ,"o critic has ass]t$ t ! hi/ory by ! ,franciscan ,si/]s does n m5tion a s+le ,prote/ant body aft] ! p]iod ( ! ,revolution1 & t 8"o ignorant ( ! true situation & read+ ?is p>ticul> hi/ory w\ld imag9e t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 a ,ca?olic nation40#egj ,fur!r criticism has aris5 because1 9 ! critic's m9d1 facts ( hi/ory are mix$ ) 8acts ( ,ca?olic piety40 ,z pro( ( ?is objection is cit$ an exc]pt f a ,ca?olic textbook 9 :i* is giv5 a description ( ! dea? ( ,piz>ro3 8,j be=e he di$ he call$ ^u 8 ,r$eem] & trac+ ) 8 bloody f+] a cross ^u ! floor1 he kiss$ ! sacr$ symbol & expir$40#ega ,fur!r evid5ce ( ?is is se5 by ! same writ] 9 ! /atem5t t 8z ! mission>ies made _! way we/w>d1 ! wor%ip ( ,/4 ,m>y m>k$ _! pa? till ! great ,mississippi1 ! ,riv] ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 bore !m d[n t[>d ^? ,spani% realms :]e e (fic] swore to def5d ! ,immaculate ,conception40#egb ,to ?is objector ( a sep>ate hi/ory = ,ca?olic s*ools1 8x is ! v evid5t purpose ( ^! texts 444 to propagate ,ca?olic ideas & n to give a true picture ( ! developm5t ( ,am]ica40#egc ,,textbooks ,,9 ,,civics1 ,,economics ,,& ,,sociology ,criticism ( public s*ool textbooks & tea*+ is n conf9$ solely to ! subject ( hi/ory b includes 9 its ev]-wid5+ circle books 9 ! alli$ fields ( civics1 economics & sociology4 ,especially is ?is true ( ^? 9 gov]nm5t or civics4 ,s9ce ! close ( ! ,_w ,w> a movem5t = ! tea*+ ( ! ,con/itution has closely p>allel$ t = ! /udy ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,organizations & individuals ) ! av[$ purpose ( inculcat+ patriotism h urg$ t m att5tion ?an =m]ly be giv5 ! /udy ( ! ma*9]y ( gov]nm5t4 ,to ?is end influ5ce has be5 ex]t$ = ! passage ( laws requir+ ! subject ( civics 9 ! s*ools1 & _m books on ! ,con/itution h appe>$ to meet an increas$ dem&4 ,among ! organizations :i* h sponsor$ ! movem5t = in/ruction 9 ! ,con/itution h be5 ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ! ,national ,security ,league1 ,! ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association1 & ! ,bett] ,am]ica ,f$]ation4 ,organizations su* z ! ,s5t9els ( ! ,republic are engag$ 9 a simil> program 9 adult education4 ,9 #aibb 9 pursuance ( a resolution adopt$ by ! executive committee at ,tampa1 ,florida1 ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association appo9t$ a ,committee on ,am]ican ,citiz5%ip 8to devise ways = promot+ ! /udy ( & devotion to ,am]ican in/itutions & ideals40 ,?is resolution 0 int]pret$ z lay+ ^u ! ,committee 8! duty to prep>e a program "u :i* ! lawy]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 cop]at+ ) e patriotic society & organization1 & ) e true ,am]ican man & woman1 %all be urg$ to jo9 9 an e>ne/ ef=t to /em ! tide ( radical1 & (t5 treasonable1 attacks ^u our ,con/itution1 our laws1 our c\rts1 our law-mak+ bodies1 our executives & our flag1 to ar\se to action our dormant citiz5%ip1 to aboli% ignorance1 & cru% falsehood1 & to br+ tru? into ! he>ts ( our citiz5%ip40#egd ,! ,committee recomm5d$ ! appo9tm5t ( a /&+ committee on ,am]ican ,citiz5%ip1 ! appo9tm5t ( local committees 8to see t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is taught 9 e s*ool 444 to report to ! bureau ! c\rses 9 ea* /ate1 ! textbooks us$1 & ! qualifications ( tea*]s = tea*+ ,am]ican citiz5%ip40 ,9 addition x 0 sugge/$ t ! cop]ation ( ,commission]s on ,uni=m ,/ate ,laws be enli/$ 89 an ef=t to h enact$ 9 ea* /ate suitable laws mak+ a c\rse ea* ye> 9 ! /udy ( & devotion to ,am]ican in/itutions & ideals "p ( ! curriculum 9 all s*ools & colleges su/a9$ or 9 any mann] support$ by public funds40#ege ,! ,reports ( #aibc & #aibd aga9 envisag$ 8! ne$ ( activity0 because ( 8! sociali/ic doctr9es 444 taught 9 _m ( our s*ools & colleges10 & po9t$ out t ef=ts ( ! ,b> t[>d laws requir+ ! tea*+ ( ! ,con/itution _h receiv$ enc\ragem5t f legislators & ! public 9 g5]al4#egf ,9 #aibc1 accord+ to ! ,report ( t ye>1 tw5ty-f\r /ates _h def9ite laws1 9 five /ates laws _h be5 introduc$ & 9 n9ete5 /ates !re 0 no su* /atute4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty :i* ! ,committee _h enc\nt]$ 9 hav+ su* a law pass$ _h aris5 out ( 8! cons]vatism ( s*ool au?orities10 :o appe>$ 8fe>ful t ! m]e requirem5t0 w\ld 8n necess>ily be ! be/ means ( promot+ ! tea*+ ( ! ,con/itution10 & :o 7 8sl[ to *ange f long e/abli%$ me?ods t _h be5 us$ 9 connection ) ! s*ool curriculum40 ,9 _! advocacy = a wid]-spread k ( ! ,con/itution ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association receiv$ ! cop]ation ( o!r organizations int]e/$ 9 ! same "w1 su* z ! ,am]ican ,legion1 patriotic societies1 wom5's organizations1 ! ,masonic ,s]vice ,association1 ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 ,*amb]s ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,rot>y1 ,lions1 & ,kiwanis4 ,yet !y felt t 8! mo/ p[]ful influ5ce0 t !y c\ld evoke 8und\bt$ly w\ld be ! association ( tea*]s10 = !y wi%$ 8to rea* ! m9d ( ! *ild :ile x is /ill pla/ic40 ,!y affirm$ z _! 8ultimate aim0 t 8no *ild %\ld leave ev5 ! common s*ools )\t an elem5t>y k & appreciation ( our ,con/itution & :at x means to e individual40#egg ,by #aibd1 ! ,committee report$ ! exi/5ce ( a law requir+ ! tea*+ ( ! ,con/itution 9 ?irty-"o /ates1 & 9 o!r commonweal?s regulations ( ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education effect+ ! same purpose4#egh ,"o ( ! aspects ( ! situation :i* appe>$ to ! ,committee z m important ev5 ?an prop]ly qualifi$ tea*]s 0 8! prop] attitude t[>d our gov]nm5t & ! _s 9 :i* ! tea*+ is p]=m$0--a tea*+ :i* %\ld be gr\nd$ 8on b$-rock ,am]icanism0 & 8imbu$ ) a desire to communicate su* _s to _! pupils40#egi ,inde$1 x 0 held t 8! s*ools ( ,am]ica %\ld no m consid] graduat+ a /ud5t :o lacks fai? 9 our gov]nm5t ?an a s*ool ( !ology %\ld graduate a m9i/] :o lacks fai? 9 ,god40#ehj ,accord+ to ! ,report ! educational activities ( ! ,committee 7 _m1 8ev5 go+ s f> z to sugge/ to ! m9i/]s appropriate texts = ,?anksgiv+ ,day :i* %\ld call att5tion to ! bless+ ( our =m ( gov]nm5t40#eha ,memb]s ( ! ,b> _h writt5 special articles = sev]al p]iodicals on good citiz5%ip z well z furni%+ c>toons = ! press ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,committee _h aid$ 9 ! display & sale ( books on ! ,con/itution1 !y _h sponsor$ 8a nation-wide celebration ( ,con/itution week10 !y _h appe>$ z speak]s on community programs & o!rwise _h help$ 9 ! celebration ( national holidays4 ,9 addition !y _h prep>$ a 8citiz5%ip cre$40 ,?is cre$ /ress$ ! obligations ( citiz5%ip & a fai? 9 ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t1 8! be/ gov]nm5t t has ev] be5 creat$--! free/ & mo/ j = all ! p40 ,to uphold & def5d ! gov]nm5t 0 at all times a duty ( ! citiz54 8,j z ! #8,m9ute ,man ( ! ,revolution' 0 ready ^u a mom5t's notice to def5d 8 rights aga9/ =eign usurpation0 s x 0 ! citiz5's duty 8z a patriotic ,am]ican to be a #8,m9ute ,man ( ! ,con/itution' ready at all times to def5d ! long-e/abli%$ & *]i%$ in/itutions ( our gov]nm5t aga9/ attack1 ei!r f )9 or ) out10 & to d 8 8"p 9 pres]v+ ! bless+s ( lib]ty0 = :i* 8 8,revolution>y =efa!rs f\ght & di$40#ehb ,! ,national ,security ,league is likewise engag$ 9 ! movem5t = tea*+ ! ,con/itution 9 ! s*ools4 ,?r\gh ! ,committee on ,con/itution ,in/ruction & its ,civic ,dep>tm5t1 ! ,league has campaign$ 8= ov] ?ree ye>s0 to h pass$ a bill requir+ def9ite c\rses 9 ! ,con/itution 9 all public s*ools4#ehc ,accord+ to lit]ature circulat$ by ! ,league1 ! ,committee 0 rew>d$ by ! passage ( su* a requirem5t 9 ?irty-six /ates1 9 mo/ cases ! legislatures tak+ ov] v]batim ! bill draft$ by !m4#ehd ,to ! ,league's program opposition to a m&atory legislative control ( education occasionally arose f educational au?orities 9 /ates :]e ! bill _h be5 introduc$4 ,b ! *airman ( ! ,committee 0 8glad to say t /ate legislators g5]ally1 repres5tatives ( ! public w1 h n agre$ ) ^! g5tlem5 & _! argum5ts1 & h look$ ^u a k ( ! ,con/itution z an ess5tial 9 citiz5 mak+40#ehe ,9 addition to legislation :i* requires ! /udy ( ! ,con/itution1 ?irty-?ree /ates by ,may1 #aibe1 made m&atory a tea*]'s exam9ation on ! ,con/itution4#ehf ,s f>-rea*+ 7 ! results ( _! activities1 t ! ,league's ,committee on ,con/itutional ,in/ruction e/imat$ t #bjj1ejj tea*]s 7 requir$ to tea* ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to a total ( ov] #d1jjj1jjj s*ool *ildr54#ehg ,to f9d suitable textbooks became a problem1 = ! ,committee held t 8:ile !re are _m books :i* satisfactorily expla9 ! ,con/itution to advanc$ /ud5ts & adults1 !re is practically no?+ :i* suitably transmits ! basic pr9ciples ( our gov]nm5t to ! m9ds ( *ildr540 ,= ?is 8%ort /ories0 on ! ,con/itution 7 necess>y 9 ord] t facts conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( ! docum5t w\ld be 8readily und]/ood by ! av]age *ild10 because :5 8eloqu5tly taught & int]pret$ 9 /ory =m by a tea*] :o kn[s x & rev]5ces its provisions1 x w r\se any class to en?usiasm40#ehh ,besides ! 8nation-wide popul>ization ( ! ,con/itution0 ?r\gh ! di/ribution ( almo/ a million copies ( a 8,cate*ism ( ! ,con/itution10 ! ,national ,security ,league endeavors to assi/ tea*]s 9 pass+ _! exam9ations = lic5ses by publi%+ a ,c\rse on ! ,con/itution = ,normal ,s*ools4#ehi ,its lit]ature on ! ,con/itution has be5 s5t by reque/ to #bjch tea*]s1 to :om 0 also made available ,dr4 ,jean ,broadhur/'s book1 ,v]se = ,patriots to ,enc\rage ,good ,citiz5%ip1 8( special value 9 tea*+ ,engli% lit]ature & patriotism0 & = holiday program mat]ials4#eij ,9 ! campaign = education1 ,beck's ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,ye/]day1 ,today & ,tomorr[ 0 also s5t 8to ! gov]nors ( all ! ,/ates :]e ! bill requir+ ! compulsory tea*+ ( ! ,con/itution has become a law1 444 ) ! advice t ! book is available = all tea*]s & in/ructors 9 _! /ates ^u application40#eia ,a tea*]s' manual 8:i* is attract+ wide att5tion "u ! title #8,our ,con/itution 9 ,my ,t[n & ,my ,life' :i* conta9s #aae que/ions & answ]s on ! ,con/itution = classroom use0 has be5 writt5 by ,miss ,etta ,v4 ,leighton1 ,civic ,secret>y4#eib ,z an 8evid5ce ( ! value0 & ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,security ,league's educational program1 ! 8,report0 = ,novemb] #ae1 #aibe1 rec\nt$ 8t ! ,pr(essor ( ,political ,sci5ce 9 a l>ge we/]n univ]sity w use our sugge/ions 9 revis+ h] text book on ! ,/ate & ,national ,con/itution40#eic ,! ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association1 incorporat$ ,m>*1 #aibc1 is ano!r organization engag$ 9 promot+ a /udy ( ! ,con/itution 9 ord] to famili>ize to a great] degree ! p ( ?is g5]ation ) 8^? hi/oric days incid5t to ! writ+ ( ! ,con/itution10 t !y may 8recognize _! value0 & und]/& 8! dang] ( our drift+ dur+ rec5t ye>s away f repres5tative gov]nm5t t[>d direct action2 f individual prop]ty rights to socialism2 f individual responsibility = individual conduct t[>d class consci\sness1 class agitation & class legislation144440 ,a purpose ( ! ,association is 8to ar\se int]e/ 9 ! m5 :o wrote ! ,con/itution 444 to make cle> t !y 7 gov]nm5tally-m9d$ z ,edison & ,m>coni are electrically-m9d$2 z ,em]son & ,socrates 7 philosophically-m9d$2 z ,%akespe>e & ,longfell[ 7 lit]>y-m9d$2 z ,moz>t & ,m5delssohn 7 musically-m9d$2 & t 9 ! light ( all t hi/ory & exp]i5ce c\ld tea*1 !y 7 mak+ a contribution z important to ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t z 0 sic ! t5 digits to ! sci5ce ( ma!matics1 ! scale to music1 or ! alphabet to language40#eid ,a fur!r aim ( ! organization is 8to urge ^u educational in/itutions t 9 ! tea*+ ( ,hi/ory1 ,civics & ,political ,sci5ce ! ,con/itution be giv5 ! place ( prom95ce & importance :i* x des]ves40#eie ,! obs]vance ( ,con/itution ,week1 z ! "n ( ! ,association atte/s1 is ( prim>y int]e/ to ! organization4 ,h>ry ,f4 ,atwood1 au?or ( ,back to ! ,republic1 ,safegu>d+ ,am]ican ,ideals & ,keep ,god 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 directs ! activities ( ! ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association4 ,s9ce #aiah ,mr4 ,atwood 8has spok5 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry to v>i\s types ( audi5ces on ! ,con/itution40#eif ,:ile address+ a ,los ,angeles ga!r+ "u ! auspices ( ! ,bett] ,am]ica ,f$]ation 9 ,may1 #aibb1 ,mr4 ,atwood s[$ ! se$ = ! ,national ,oratorical ,conte/ on ! ,con/itution4 ,x 0 at ?is meet+ t ,mr4 ,h>ry ,*&l]1 ( ! ,los ,angeles ,times1 conceiv$ ! idea 8( develop+ int]e/ 9 ! ,con/itution0 by conduct+ su* a conte/ 9 ! s*ools ( ! /ate4 ,z a result1 8! s*ool ye> ( #aibb-bc witness$ ! prep>ation ( ov] #hjjj orations10 & 8! f9al conte/ 0 held 9 ,los ,angeles :]e prizes aggregat+ #ejjj 7 aw>d$40#eig ,?is l$ to simil> conte/s 9 o!r /ates1 support$ by 8! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ! ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association & o!r patriotic organizations40#eih ,! conte/ became nation-wide1 ! f9al meet+ be+ held at ,wa%+ton4 ,9 ! second conte/ 7#aibd-aibe7 ov] #ah1jjj s*ools ent]$2 ! aw>ds am\nt$ to #de1fjj1 & #a1ejj1jjj high s*ool /ud5ts compet$4 ,tw5ty-eight daily newspap]s across ! cont95t conduct$ ?is conte/4#eii ,mr4 ,atwood c>ries 8 advocacy ( a k ( ! ,con/itution & ( repres5tative gov]nm5t to ! p n only ?r\gh 8 addresses deliv]$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry b also by means ( 8 writ+s4 ,x is 8 belief t 8we h drift$ f ! republic t[>d democracy2 f /atesman%ip to demagogism0 9 8an age ( retrogressive t5d5cies40#fjj ,he holds t a republic provides ! 8gold5 mean0 ( gov]nm5t1 autocracy & democracy (f]+ 8undesirable extremes40 ,to make cle> 8 mean+ p>allels are drawn betwe5 8! realm ( nature & ( human activity0 & ! realm ( gov]nm5t1 attribut+ to ea* 8two extremes & ! gold5 mean40 ,= in/ance1 he believes t 8:at ?ir/ is to ! individual1 autocracy is to gov]nm5t2 :at drunk5ness is to ! individual1 democracy is to gov]nm5t2 :at temp]ance is to ! individual1 ! republic is to gov]nm5t40#fja ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,atwood 8! mo/ defective portion ( our ?9k+ & tea*+ 9 ! s*ools is t phase ( education :i* p]ta9s to civics1 economics & hi/ory40#fjb ,s f> z textbooks are conc]n$1 ,mr4 ,atwood 0 conv9c$ t 8!re are comp>atively few :o w cont5d t !re has ev] be5 writt5 a good hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica40 ,! same /atem5t holds true = textbooks 9 civil gov]nm5t1 = none makes cle> 8to ! av]age /ud5t ! =m ( gov]nm5t t 0 e/abli%$ "h "u ! ,con/itution40#fjc ,mr4 ,atwood 0 conc]n$ /ill m ) ! fact t s few /ud5ts _h read ! ,con/itution1--/ud5ts :o _h receiv$ f twelve to sixte5 ye>s' education at ! exp5se ( ! /ate4 8,s long z ! exp5se ( ! public s*ools & ,/ate univ]sities is paid by ! gov]nm5t10 ,mr4 ,atwood decl>$1 8"o object at lea/ %\ld be to turn out well in=m$ & patriotic citiz5s1 & ! be/ possible way to d t is to give !m an und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( ! ,con/itution & a high reg>d = its wise provisions40 ,mr4 ,atwood is1 moreov]1 sympa!tic ) ^? :o ma9ta9 t 8tea*]s 9 ! public s*ools %\ld be impress$ ) ! fact t _! sal>ies are paid at public exp5se40#fjd ,! s5tim5t ( ! ,bett] ,am]ica ,f$]ation ( ,cali=nia reg>d+ ! /udy ( ! ,con/itution 9 ! s*ools is n unlike t ( ! ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association4 ,mr4 ,woodwor? ,clum 9 8,am]ica is ,call+10 a pamphlet to ! /ud5ts 9 high s*ools & colleges1 sets =? ! t5ets ( 8 organization1 9 8 decl>ation t he w\ld l to see 8e s*ool & college /ud5t 9 ,am]ica n only le>n ! ,preamble to ! ,con/itution s t !y c\ld repeat x v]batim at any "t or any place1 b 444 also h !m "k its mean+ s well t :5 !y repeat x !y w\ld recall ! entire philosophy ( ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t40#fje ,mu* appreh5sion 0 felt by ! ,bett] ,am]ica ,f$]ation because ( 8gr\ps ( free ?9k]s or radicals0 agitat+ = "s o!r =m ( gov]nm5t "u :i* !re w\ld be 8no pr(its 444 9 bus9ess40#fjf ,9 accord ) an int]e/ 9 education evid5t 9 its e>lie/ meet+s1 ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor has c>ri$ on inve/igations z to ! "* ( tea*+ & ! cont5t ( textbooks 9 ! social /udies4 ,9 #aijc1 ! ,executive ,c\ncil 0 direct$ 8to secure ! introduction ( textbooks t w be m 9 accord ) mod]n ?\ght ^u social & political economy1 books t w tea* ! dignity ( manual labor1 give due importance to ! s]vice t ! labor] r5d]s to society1 & t w n tea* ! h>mful doctr9e t ! wage-work]s %\ld be cont5t ) _! lot1 because ( ! opportunity t may be af=d$ a few ( _! numb] ris+ out ( _! class1 in/ead ( tea*+ t ! wage e>n]s %\ld base _! hopes ^u ! elevation ( ! conditions ( ! work+ p40#fjg ,9 #aiai1 ! ,executive ,c\ncil 0 in/ruct$ 8to appo9t a committee to inve/igate ! matt] ( select+1 or ( prep>+ & publi%+ textbooks appropriate = classes ( work]s10 because ! conv5tion f\nd 8"o ( ! *ief difficulties 9 secur+ appropriate classes = ! work]s is ! de>? ( unbias$ & suitable textbooks40#fjh ,! committee ?us appo9t$ report$ 9 #aibj an insuffici5t & inaccurate tea*+ ( indu/rial gr[? & ( ! trade union movem5t4 ,! responsibility = ?is condition 0 assess$ ^u ! economi/s ( ! pa/ 8^: tea*+s /ill l>gely dom9ate 9 ! educational in/itutions ( our "t10--tea*+s 8:i* h fail$ to /& ! te/ ( exp]i5ce & ( unbias$ inve/igation40 ,ideas held faulty 7 ?\ght1 fur!rmore1 to be 9 no small measure ! outgr[? ( ideas ga9$ f books fail+ to 8/ate accurately & int]pret correctly economic laws & _! application to our mod]n indu/rial society40#fji ,! ,committee !re=e recomm5d$ ! prep>ation ( a textbook by a compet5t trade unioni/ "u ! direction ( ! executive (fic]s ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor ) a special committee = ?is purpose1 & 8! tea*+ ( unemasculat$ indu/rial hi/ory embrac+ an accurate acc\nt ( ! organization ( ! work]s & ( ! results !re(1 ! tea*+ ( pr9ciples und]ly+ indu/rial activities & relations1 & a summ>y ( legislation1 /ate & f$]al1 affect+ indu/ry40#faj ,! att5tion ( ! conv5tion 0 focuss$ 9 its educational program ! foll[+ ye> ^u a propos$ inve/igation ( textbooks 9 civics1 economics & hi/ory4 ,! committee to :om ?is task 0 delegat$ report$ 9 #aibb4 ,_! report1 publi%$ 9 #aibc1 po9t$ out ! importance ( 8in/ruction 9 social & economic /udies10 because su* /udies are 8vitally conc]n$ ) wide-spread und]/&+ ( our social & economic in/itutions & =ces40#faa ,yet ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor expressly d5i$ a desire to h _! po9t ( view 8/ress$ to ! exclusion ( all o!rs40 ,!y want$ m]ely 8an emphasis comm5surate ) its significance40 ,nor did !y wi% 8public education to be influ5c$ by p>tisan bodies ( any k9d40 ,= !y e/eem$ 8! p]sons mo/ compet5t to judge 9 detail :at %\ld be taught & h[ x %\ld be taught 444 ^? :o are !mselves engag$ 9 ! educational pr(ession40#fab ,inasmu* z 8!re are no m important det]m9+ factors ?an ! economic fabric to :i* ! majority ( citiz5s contribute ! l>g] %>e ( _! creative en]gy0 ! ,f$]ation consid]$ ess5tial a k ( ! trade-union movem5t & 8( all o!r social problems hav+ to d ) ! welf>e ( ! work+ p40#fac ,! in=mation held important = ! work] !y felt %\ld be taught 9 ! junior z well z 9 ! s5ior high s*ool1 9 ord] to rea* ^? /ud5ts :o leave s*ool e>ly4#fad ,9 ! consid]ation ( ! textbooks mo/ commonly us$ 9 ! public s*ools1 ! ,f$]ation's committee held x 8obvi\s t old-fa%ion$ didactic me?ods ( tea*+ are n suitable to ! new treatm5t10 t 8subjects %\ld be pres5t$ n 9 ! =m ( f9i%$ judgm5ts & dogmatic rules 444 b r z obs]vations ( ! _w ab\t u1 conc]n+ :i* ! pupil mu/ to a great ext5t ex]cise 8 own judgm5ts20 & t 89 ! case ( highly controv]sial subjects1 important diss5t+ views %\ld be fairly & adequately pres5t$40#fae ,al?\gh special plead]s = "s *ange 9 common educational practice1 !y ass]t$ t 8! labor movem5t1 unlike selfi% int]e/s1 does n & _c dep5d = public favor ^u n>r[ propag&a2 :at x wants & ne$s is ! light ( day & fre$om ( op9ion4 ,! m p "k1 & ! m !y ?9k1 ! bett] 9 ! long run = work+ m5 & wom51 & = all our citiz5%ip40 ,z a consequ5ce ( _! premises1 ! ,committee appli$ to ! textbooks consid]$ ! foll[+ te/s3 8,9 ! fir/ place1 is ! book ( old1 n>r[ type1 or ( ! new] & broad] type8 ,9 ! second place1 is its g5]al me?od t :i* inculcates c]ta9 fix$ pr9ciples :i* may h be5 acceptable "s "t 9 ! pa/1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 t :i* portrays society z a gr\p ( gr[+ & *ang+ in/itutions8 ,9 ! ?ird place1 does x include adequate in=mation ab\t important subjects1 p>ticul>ly subjects ( conc]n to ! wage-e>n+ population1 su* z trade-unionism1 collective b>ga9+1 /&>ds ( liv+1 h\rs ( "w1 safety & sanitation1 h\s+1 unemploym5t1 civil lib]ty1 & ! judicial p[]8 ,& 9 its treatm5t ( ^! subjects1 does x fairly pres5t labor's po9t ( view z well z t ( o!rs80#faf ,! application ( ^! te/s to "o hundr$ tw5ty-?ree textbooks--=ty-sev5 hi/ories1 =ty-sev5 civics1 tw5ty-five economics1 & f\r sociologies1 reveal$ t fifty-five p] c5t 7 ( 8! new] type deal+ ) ! broad] aspects ( gov]nm5t1 & ! social & indu/rial life ( ! p r ?an ) =ms ( organization1 milit>y ev5ts & ab/ract !mes40 ,sixty p] c5t 7 f\nd to be 8dynamic r ?an /atic 9 _! me?od ( treatm5t0 9 t !y recogniz$ 8to a great] or less degree ! p[] = gr[? 9 our in/itutions40 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,committee decid$ t 8a majority ( texts fell %ort ( ! /&>ds 9 "o or m important respects10#fag al?\gh1 on ! :ole1 8! new] type ( text0 attempt$ 8to give ! labor movem5t 9 ! problem ( indu/ry adequate & j consid]ation40#fah ,failure to d s ! ,committee attribut$ ei!r 8to ignorance ( ! au?or or to a hesitancy to deal ) ?is difficult subject1 r ?an to a delib]ate attempt to keep ! facts ( indu/ry out ( ! s*ools40 ,! survey f\nd 8no evid5ce t text books are be+ us$ = propag&a purposes40#fai ,! ,public ,s]vice ,in/itute ?r\gh its *airman also has urg$ a m ext5sive /udy ( 8labor civics10 & comm5d$ ! ,new ,york c\rse 9 civics = old] gramm> grade *ildr5 & fir/ ye> high s*ool pupils4#fbj ,/ill o!rs h become c5sors ( ! "* ( social /udy in/ruction 9 ! public s*ools4 ,books treat+ ! mod]n problems ( race1 labor & capital1 immigration1 private prop]ty1 & topics ( l nature h be5 exam9$ ) a critical eye4 ,! portrayal ( facts relat+ to races & nationalities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has prov$ a fruitful s\rce ( attack4 ,au?ors h be5 ask$ to omit or make colorless ref]5ces to controv]sial topics 9 ! prep>ation or ! revision ( textbooks :i* w\ld discuss1 = example1 ! ,*9ese & ,japanese 9 ,am]ica1 ! ,italians & ! ,jews4 ,9 "o city ! negroes prote/$ ! use ( a textbook because ( a /atem5t to ! effect t ! ,s\!rn :ite man tri$ to keep ! negro f vot+1 ! prote/ c>ry+ en\gh weight to cause a special edition ( ! book to be pr9t$ = use 9 t city4 ,its pres5tation ( ! subject ( private prop]ty 0 ! s\rce ( an attack ^u ,b]ry & ,h[e's ,actual ,democracy1 8an elem5t>y discussion0 ( pres5t-day problems 9 ,am]ica4 ,exception 0 tak5 to *ildr5 be+ taught t 8private prop]ty is "o ( ! fundam5tal in/itutions ( ,am]ican democracy 444 an unmi/akable index ( social progress 444 :i* _c be de/roy$ )\t de/roy+ also ! ideals ( lib]ty & democracy 9 :i* ,am]icans believe40#fba ,its me?od ( discuss+ trade-unionism#fbb & immigration likewise met disfavor4 ,9 ! case ( ! latt] subject1 ! critics 7 di/urb$ because1 among o!r ?+s1 ! au?ors conclud$ 8t ! immigration situation has r5d]$ necess>y a pr(\nd *ange 9 ! v /ructure ( our gov]nm5t4 ,= 9 ord] to control ! turbul5t non-,am]ican elem5ts1 we h be5 compell$ to modify _m ( our e>li] democratic ideals & to adopt c5tralization ( au?ority1 :i* is f> diff]5t 9 _s f ,am]ican traditions 444 & t due to immigration ,am]ican democracy is fac+ a life & dea? /ruggle ) ,m>xian socialism40#fbc ,9 treat+ fre$om ( spee* ! au?or ( ! second>y s*ool textbook is to no less degree ^u slipp]y gr\nd1 = "h aga9 critics h acclaim$ p>tisan%ip & bias evid5t 9 discussions4 ,on ?is *>ge ,a4 ,t4 ,s\?wor? has be5 adjudg$ guilty 9 8 ,! ,common ,s5se ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 t he says1 8,?is am5dm5t ! fir/ am5dm5t also gu>antees ! "r ( free spee*4 ,!re c1 ( c\rse1 be no su* ?+ z absolute free spee*4 ,! only p]sons :o say exactly :at !y ?9k e m9ute ( ! day are babies & fools4444 ,!re is reason 9 all ?+s1 & on g5]al pr9ciples a p]son may say 9 ?is c\ntry any?+ he pleases1 provid$ :at he says is n libel\s or sl&]\s1 or contr>y to ! public morals2 & provid$ t he does n advocate ! ov]?r[ ( ! gov]nm5t by =ce4 ,9 ?is c\ntry :]e we h a gov]nm5t1 n ( m5 b ( laws1 x is n reasonable t anyone %\ld prea* ! ov]?r[ ( ! gov]nm5t by =ce4 ,if ,b says1 #8,murd] ,a1 ?r[ him out ( (fice1 & let me rule1' !n x is p]fectly logical = ,c to advocate ! murd] ( ,b aft] ,b has set himself up z a rul]4 ,?is is an>*y40#fbd ,! allegation t textbook-mak+ has be5 direct$ by 8,big ,bus9ess0 has also be5 made4 ,z a case 9 po9t1 ,hughes's ,text-,book 9 ,citiz5%ip has be5 cit$ z "o :i* c>ries _m illu/rations pr9t$ 8by c\rtesy0 ( su* corporations z ! ,c>negie ,/eel ,company1 ! ,int]national ,h>ve/] ,company & ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad4#fbe 8,&10 accord+ to ! critic1 8x is n pictures ( bla/ furnaces ) sweat+ m5 444 b pictures ( ,am]icanization s*ools 444 factory g>d5s 444 model factory build+s 444 & a gr\p ( tw5ty-f\r eld]ly m51 :o hav+ labor$ = ?irty-five ye>s ea* 9 ! employ ( ! ,c>negie ,/eel ,company are pos$ at ! annual picnic giv5 to ! employees z a rew>d = s]vices r5d]$40#fbf ,a section 9 ! same textbook1 8,employ]s ( ! ,"r ,sort10 9 :i* is discuss$ pr(it %>+ by ! employees ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,/eel ,company1 also met ) disapproval4 ,equally dislik$ 0 ,mr4 ,hughes's discussion ( ! ,i4 ,w4 ,w4 because he said3 8,x is h>d to see h[ a "r-?9k+ ,am]ican c possibly indulge 9 su* p]=mances or hold su* !ories4 ,a dec5t man f9ds x difficult to sympa?ize ) ev5 oppress$ p :o use any su* means to h _! grievances correct$40#fbg ,! textbook 0 fur!r adjudg$ bias$ 9 its discussion ( ,l59 & ,trotsky z 8two able & unscrupul\s lead]s0 & ( ! an>*i/s :om 8no civiliz$ p c tol]ate40#fbh ,on ! o!r h&1 ! same au?or's book ,economic ,civics 0 attack$ by a memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,c> ,company ( ,b]wick1 ,p5nsylvania1 on ! gr\nd ( be+ 8,bol%evi/ic40 ,o!r books h incurr$ ! disapproval ( bus9ess int]e/s4 ,am]ican ,economic ,life by ,h5ry ,re$ ,bur* has be5 *>g$ ) be+ 8unfair0 9 its treatm5t ( monopolies = say+3 8,trolley l9es1 subways & 'bus companies (t5 possess great monopoly p[]4 ,= example1 9 a city ( "o million & a half ! competitive co/ ( transportation p]haps does n exce$ ?ree or f\r c5ts a pass5g]1 yet ! actual price paid by ! pass5g] is usually f five to eight c5ts4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! price paid & ! competitive price repres5ts ! ext5t ( ! monopoly p[]40#fbi ,_m bus9ess organizations h int]e/$ !mselves 9 a program = education n only among _! own employees b among ! p 9 g5]al4 ,pamphlets & o!r publi%$ mat]ials h 9 ?is way be5 di/ribut$ to set =? ! po9t ( view held desirable4 ,su* a motive d\btless l$ to a survey ( books deal+ ) ! subject ( bank+ 9 #aiai by ! ,am]ican ,bank]s ,association4 ,! exam9ation ( ! books induc$ ! ,association ?r\gh _! ,public ,education ,commission to publi% & di/ribute a s]ies ( talks to be giv5 9 ! s*ools1 s9ce ! books exam9$ 71 on ! :ole1 f\nd to be 8prep>$ f ! /&po9t ( bank]s1 & n ! /&po9t ( ! mass ( /ud5ts :o att5d high s*ool40#fcj ,! talks 7 design$ to be deliv]$ by bank]s to pupils 9 ! eigh? grade1 ! s5ior ye> ( ! high s*ool1 & to civic1 bus9ess & frat]nal organizations 9 ord] to acqua9t p m ?or\ghly ) me?ods ( bank+4#fca ,dur+ ! ,_w ,w> ! prep>ation ( a s]ies ( lessons entitl$ ,lessons 9 ,community & ,national ,life "u ! auspices ( ! ,bureau ( ,education & ! ,food ,adm9i/ration provok$ adv]se criticism f ! ,national ,indu/rial ,conf]5ce ,bo>d4 ,9 ! lessons topics p]t95t to a /udy ( community civics 7 treat$1 & includ$ discussions on int]national trade relations1 manufactur+ me?ods1 labor organizations & simil> subjects4 ,to ^!1 exception 0 tak51 & x 0 ass]t$ t 8op9ions on controv]sial subjects are frequ5tly introduc$ into ! ,lessons by sugge/ion r ?an by direct /atem5t1 & ?r\gh ! :ole fabric is wov5 a ?read ( propag&a 9 favor ( ! eight-h\r day1 old age p5sions1 social insurance1 trade-unionism1 ! m9imum wage & simil> issues40#fcb ,a 8p>tisan0 attitude 0 said to be express$ 9 su* a /atem5t z3 8,we are told t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates somebody is injur$ :ile at "w e fifte5 seconds1 & somebody is kill$ e fifte5 m9utes4 ,we _c wond] at ?is :5 we realize h[ _m dang]s !re are 9 mod]n indu/ry40#fcc ,accord+ to ,! ,new ,york ,_w1 ,magnus ,n4 ,alex&]1 manag+ director ( ! ,national ,indu/rial ,conf]5ce ,bo>d1 al>m$ a conv5tion ( ! ,national ,boot & ,%oe ,manufactur]s' ,association :5 he told !m t ^! lessons 7 spread+ 8insidi\s1 unw>rant$ propag&a1 p>ticul>ly injuri\s = read+ by y\? 9 ! pla/ic age :5 y\? is incl9$ to take = grant$ & z prov$ all t is said ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! books 9 8 classroom40#fcd ,^! criticisms caus$ editorial comm5t 9 diff]5t p]iodicals ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! ,capital ,daily ,press ( ,bism>ck1 ,nor? ,dakota1 decl>+ t 8= g5]ations ! reaction>ies h ma9ta9$ _! grip on ! control ( our educational in/itutions1 & f ! k9d]g>t5 to college ! #8pla/ic m9ds ( our y\?' h be5 s$ul\sly taught ! sup]ior sacr$ness ( private prop]ty & ! supremacy ( doll> rights ov] human rights4 ,?is is "o ?+ :i* has made political & indu/rial progress s sl[40#fce ,to ! editor ( ,! ,s*ool ,review ! :ole discussion furni%$ 8a legitimate opportunity to call att5tion to ! fact t ! s*ools h be5 v defici5t 9 times pa/ 9 _! treatm5t ( social problems40 ,he felt t ! "t _h come 8:5 !re ought to be a v cle> & explicit ass]tion on ! "p ( educational p t !y w n be dom9at$ by su* criticism z "h pres5t$10 = he believ$ 8! s*ools ( a democracy h a "r to discuss democratic & popul> matt]s40#fcf ,,footnotes3 #daa ,/eph5s1 ,h4 ,morse1 8,nationality & ,hi/ory10 ,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxi 7,janu>y1 #aiaf71 pp4 #bbe-bcg4 #dab 8,our ,s*ool ,books10 ,de ,b['s ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxviii 7#ahfj71 p4 #dce et seq4 #dac ,ibid41 p4 #dci4 #dad ,ibid41 p4 #dcg4 #dae ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,telegraph1 ,octob] #e1 #ahcf1 9 :i* appe>$ ,duff ,gre5's prospectus = ! ,am]ican ,lit]>y ,company1 :i* 0 to h a capital ( #ejj1jjj to pr9t ! ,telegraph1 manufacture pap]1 publi% books1 prep>e a new s]ies ( elem5t>y s*ool textbooks1 elevate ! g5]al /&+ ( lit]ature1 & 8r5d] ! ,s\? indep5d5t ( ,nor!rn fanatics40 #daf ,de ,b['s ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xviii 7#ahee71 pp4 #ffj-ffa4 #dag ,de ,b['s ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxviii 7#ahfj71 p4 #dce et seq4 #dah 8,s\!rn ,s*ool ,books10 ,de ,b['s ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xiii 7#aheb71 pp4 #beh-bff4 #dai ,ibid41 p4 #bfe4 #dbj ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xv 7#ahec71 p4 #bfh4 #dba ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xvii 7#ahed71 p4 #ejh4 #dbb ,ibid4 #dbc ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxi 7#ahef71 p4 #eec4 #dbd ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxii 7#aheg71 p4 #ajd4 ,committee 0 compos$ ( ,j4 ,d4 ,s4 ,de ,b[1 ( ,l\isiana2 ,h4 ,g\rd91 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 & ,d4 ,mc,rae1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 #dbe ,ibid4 #dbf ,ibid4 #dbg ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxv 7#ahef71 p4 #aag4 ,article on 8,s\!rn ,s*ool ,books40 #dbh ,ibid41 p4 #eig4 #dbi ,pet] ,p>ley 0 ! p5-"n ( ,s4 ,g4 ,goodri*4 #dcj 8,education at ! ,s\?10 by 8,a ,s\? ,c>ol9ian10 ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxi 7#ahef71 pp4 #fea-feb4 ,pet] ,p>ley's 7,goodri*'s7 ,pictorial ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 also criticiz$4 ,ibid41 p4 #feg4 #dca ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxix 7#ahfj71 p4 #bai4 #dcb ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xviii 7#ahee71 p4 #ffa4 #dcc ,ibid41 p4 #ffc4 #dcd ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxi 7#ahef71 p4 #fec4 #dce ,ibid41 p4 #fec4 ,! italics are suppli$ by ! transcrib]4 #dcf ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxii 7#aheg71 ,p4 #eeg4 ,criticism ( ,willson's ,outl9es ( ,hi/ory & 8 ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 #dcg ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxviii 7#ahfj71 p4 #dch4 8,our ,s*ool ,books40 #dch ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,xxii 7#aheg71 p4 #eeg4 ,aga9 9 an article on 8,s\!rn ,s*ool ,books10 ,vol4 ,,xxv 7#aheh71 p4 #aag4 ,geographies & read]s receiv$ simil> criticism1 because !y1 too1 conta9$ 8invidi\s0 comp>isons or s\ght to 8inculcate improp] precepts0 9 ! m9ds ( ! *ildr5 on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,9 #ahfh ,willson's ,int]m$iate ,read]s 7 condemn$ because ! f\r? ( ! s]ies decl>$3 8,! ,great ,rebellion 0 a w> set on foot = ! purpose ( de/roy+ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 #dci ,russell1 ,william ,h[>d1 ,my ,di>y ,nor? & ,s\? 7,bo/on1 #ahfc71 p4 #be4 8,mr4 ,appleton sells no less ?an "o million & a half ( ,web/]'s spell+-books a ye>2 8 tables are cov]$ ) a flood ( pamphlets1 "s =1 o!rs aga9/ co]cion2 "s =1 o!rs oppos$ to slav]y1--b :5 ,i ask$ = a s+le solid1 sub/antial "w on ! pres5t difficulty1 ,i 0 told !re 0 n "o publi%$ wor? a c5t40 #ddj ,acts ( ,l\isiana1 #ahei1 ,no4 #bdd1 p4 #aij4 #dda ,m9utes ( ! ,?ird ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahib1 pp4 #ih-ii4 #ddb ,m9utes ( ! ,f\r? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahid1 pp4 #c-ab4 #ddc ,ibid4 #ddd ,ibid4 ,! meet+ ( ! ,vet]ans 0 at ,birm+ham1 ,alabama4 #dde ,m9utes ( ! ,fif? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahie1 p4 #ac4 #ddf ,ibid41 p4 #ae4 ,! ,committee ( #ahie add$ to ! li/ ( acceptable textbooks drawn up 9 #ahid ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,susan ,p4 ,lee4 #ddg ,9 ! meet+ held 9 #ahif ! foll[+ hi/ories receiv$ endorsem5t3 ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,j4 ,william ,jones1 ,d4 ,d4 ( ,virg9ia1 ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,susan ,p5dleton ,lee ( ,virg9ia1 ,our ,c\ntry1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,/ates1 by ,osc> ,h4 ,coop] & o!rs ( ,texas4 ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans1 444 #ahif1 pp4 #bh-ej4 #ddh ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahig1 p4 #di4 ,see also ,j\rnal 444 ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahig1 p4 #bcc4 ,! activities ( ! ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 are discuss$ lat]4 #ddi ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 4441 op4 cit41 p4 #df4 #dej ,ibid4 #dea ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahih1 p4 #hg4 #deb ,ibid41 pp4 #dd-eb4 #dec ,ibid4 #ded ,ibid4 #dee ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahih1 pp4 #add-aed4 #def ,ibid41 p4 #adg4 #deg ,ibid41 p4 #aeb4 #deh ,ibid4 #dei ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijj1 pp4 #gh1 #hj4 #dfj ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijb1 pp4 #ed-ei4 ,! ,report ( #aija po9t$ out t 8"o ( ! mo/ favorable om5s ( our times is ! ca?olicity ) :i* ?\ghtful m51 bo? ,nor? & ,s\?1 n[ speak & write ( ! issues ( ! w> betwe5 ! ,/ates40 ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aija1 p4 #fa4 ,a simil> s5tim5t 0 express$ at ! ,reunion ( #aijd4 ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijd1 pp4 #cb-cc4 #dfa ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aiji1 pp4 #cj-ch4 #dfb ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aiaj1 p4 #aja4 #dfc ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijc1 p4 #afd4 ,! ,s\!rn]s felt t ,nor!rn hi/ories fail$ to recognize any successes ( ! ,conf$]ate =ces4 ,! objectionable po9ts 9 ,/ratton's book 7 f\nd on pages #beg-beh1 accord+ to ! ,m9utes4 #dfd ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aiaa1 p4 #aa4 #dfe ,ibid4 #dff ,ibid4 ,?is appe>$ 9 l>ge black-fac$ type 9 ! ,report4 #dfg ,ibid41 p4 #ab4 #dfh ,ibid41 p4 #ac4 #dfi ,ibid4 #dgj ,ibid4 #dga ,ibid4 #dgb ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans ,proce$+s ( ! ,tw5ty-,sev5? ,annual ,reunion4 #dgc ,m9utes 444 ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans1 #aiba1 p4 #aa4 ,report ( ! ,ru!r=d ,committee1 ,octob] #bd1 #aiba1 ,c4 ,irv9e ,walk]1 g5]al *airman4 #dgd ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,june #ba1 #aibb4 ,miss ,ru!r=d's ideas _h be5 endors$ by ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 9 ,atlanta1 ,octob] #g-aa1 #aiai4 ,see ,a ,measur+ ,rod = ,text-,books prep>$ by ,miss ,ru!r=d 7,a!ns1 ,georgia74 ,?is pamphlet s\ght to e/abli% "s ( ! facts lat] br\ght out 9 ,tru?s ( ,hi/ory4 #dge ,ibid4 #dgf ,*icago ,daily ,tribune1 ,june #bc1 #aibb1 editorial4 #dgg ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,june #bc1 #aibb1 editorial4 ,! ,times felt t 8q ! grave/ ( ,miss ,ru!r=d's *>ges aga9/ ,l9coln1 444 is t he want$ a civil w> & =c$ ! ,s\? to beg9 "o t inevitably w\ld end 9 h] defeat & ru940 ,objection 0 also rais$ to ,miss ,ru!r=d's *>ge t ,l9coln's ,gettysburg address 0 wor?less4 ,ru!r=d1 ,mildr$1 ,tru?s ( ,hi/ory 7,a!ns1 ,georgia1 #aiba74 #dgh ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,june #bh1 #aibb4 #dgi ,ibid41 ,june #bd1 #aibb4 #dhj ,ibid41 ,novemb] #d1 #aibb4 #dha ,writt5 9 #aiag & s5t to ,miss ,ru!r=d :o add$ to ! cont5ts & produc$ h] ,tru?s ( ,hi/ory4 #dhb ,ru!r=d1 op4 cit4 #dhc ,ibid41 p4 #fd4 ,miss ,ru!r=d gave no s\rce = ?is quotation4 #dhd ,ibid41 p4 #gj4 ,miss ,ru!r=d ascrib$ ?is quotation to ,lamon's ,life ( ,l9coln4 #dhe ,ibid41 f ,lamon's ,life ( ,l9coln4 #dhf ,ibid41 pp4 #gg-gh4 ,quot$ f ,*>les ,francis ,adams1 ,lamon's ,recollections ( ,l9coln1 ,mr4 ,ev]ett1 & ,mr4 ,sew>d4 #dhg ,ibid41 p4 #ga4 #dhh ,ibid41 p4 #eg4 #dhi ,ibid41 p4 #a4 #dij ,ibid41 p4 #aa4 #dia ,ibid4 #dib ,ibid4 #dic ,ibid41 p4 v4 #did ,davidson1 ,william ,m41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,*icago1 #aijc72 ,montgom]y1 ,david1 ,! ,beg9n]'s ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,bo/on1 #ahii1 #aibj72 ,muzzey1 ,d4 ,s41 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,bo/on1 #aibj74 #die ,ru!r=d1 op4 cit41 p4 #ajd4 #dif ,ibid41 p4 #aaj4 ,?is quotation f ,muzzey's is incorrect 9 ,tru?s ( ,hi/ory4 ,muzzey1 eulogiz+ ! ,s\!rn wom51 adds ?is /atem5t3 8,x is impossible = ! /ud5t ( hi/ory today to feel o!rwise ?an t ! victory ( ! ,s\? 9 #ahfa-ahfe w\ld h be5 a calamity = e section ( our c\ntry4 ,b ! indomitable valor & utt] self-sacrifice ) :i* ! ,s\? def5d$ h] cause bo? at home & 9 ! field mu/ always ar\se our admiration40 ,muzzey1 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 pp4 #cgb-cgc4 #dig ,ru!r=d1 op4 cit41 p4 #ajd4 ,9 h] *apt] entitl$ 8,recon/ruction 0 n j to ! ,s\?4 ,?is inju/ice made ! ,ku ,klux ,klan a necessity10 ,miss ,ru!r=d1 pursu+ a policy peculi>ly inh>moni\s = a writ] ( ,tru?s ( ,hi/ory1 all[$ h]self aga9 to become neglig5t z to ! accuracy ( h] quotations4 ,cit+ ,muzzey z "o au?ority = ! title ( h] *apt]1 %e ascrib$ ! foll[+ /atem5t to him3 8,! rules ( ^! negro gov]nm5ts ( #ahfh 0 an indescribable orgy ( extravagance1 fraud & disgu/+ incompet5ce--a trave/y on gov]nm5t4 ,unpr9cipl$ politicians dom9at$ ! ,/ates' gov]nm5t & plung$ ! ,/ates fur!r & fur!r into debt by vot+ !mselves enorm\s sal>ies1 & reap+ 9 _m ways hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 graft4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a #bjj1jjj 7 sp5t 9 furni%+ ! ,/ate ,capitol ) co/ly plate glass mirrors1 l\nges1 arm*airs1 a free b> & o!r luxuri\s appo9tm5ts = ! use ( ! negro & scalawag legislators4 ,x took ! ,s\? n9e ye>s to get rid ( ^! gov]nm5ts40 ,9 read+ ,muzzey's book1 ! read] _c b wond] at ! reason = ! inaccuracy ( ! quotation1 = precisely ! same end w\ld h be5 accompli%$ _h ,miss ,ru!r=d quot$ v]batim3 8,! ,recon/ruction gov]nm5ts ( ! ,s\? 7 sorry affairs4 ,= ! exhau/$ /ates1 already amply #8puni%$' by ! desolation ( w>1 ! rule ( ! negro & 8 unscrupul\s c>petbagg] patron 0 an indescribable orgy ( extravagance1 fraud1 & disgu/+ incompet5ce1--a trave/y on gov]nm5t4 ,in/ead ( seek+ to build up ! %att]$ res\rces ( ! ,s\? by economy & indu/ry1 ! new legislators plung$ ! /ates fur!r & fur!r into debt by vot+ !mselves enorm\s sal>ies & by sp5d+ lavi% sums ( money on railroads1 canals1 & public build+s & works1 = :i* !y reap$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 graft40 ,9 a footnote ,muzzey adds ! foll[+ f :i* ,miss ,ru!r=d has cull$ ! idea = "p ( h] quotation3 8,! economic evils & social humiliation br\ght on ! ,s\? by ! ,recon/ruction gov]nm5ts are almo/ beyond description4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 = example1 _h a legislature 9 :i* #ih ( ! #aee memb]s 7 negroes 4442 9 "o ye> #bjj1jjj 0 sp5t 9 furni%+ ! /ate capitol ) co/ly plate-glass mirrors1 l\nges1 desks1 arm*airs1 & o!r luxuri\s appo9tm5ts1 includ+ a free b> = ! use ( ! negro & scalawag legislators4 ,x took ! ,s\!rn /ates f two to n9e ye>s to get rid ( ^! gov]nm5ts40 ,see ,ru!r=d1 op4 cit41 p4 #hg2 ,muzzey1 op4 cit41 pp4 #chg-chh4 #dih ,horton1 ,ru%more ,g41 ,a ,y\?'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,great ,civil ,w> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f #ahfa-ahfe 7,new ,york1 #ahff74 #dii ,lee1 ,new ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 p4 #bfa4 #ejj ,ibid41 p4 #ceg4 #eja ,evans1 ,lawton ,b41 ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,b5jam9 ,h4 ,sanborn & ,company1 #aibj72 ,evans is f ,augu/a1 ,georgia4 ,?ompson1 ,waddy1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,d4 ,c4 ,hea? & ,co41 #aiai72 ,*amb]s1 ,h5ry ,edw>d1 ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,am]ican ,book ,co41 #ahie72 ,/eph5son1 ,na?aniel ,wright1 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,g9n & ,co41 #aiac1 #aiba72 ,e/ill1 ,h>ry ,f41 ,! ,beg9n]'s ,hi/ory ( ,our ,c\ntry 7,s\!rn ,publi%+ ,co41 ,dallas1 ,texas1 #aiai74 #ejb ,alabama1 ,james & ,san=d's ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,arkansas1 ,evans' ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,florida1 ,/eph5son's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,georgia1 ,evans' ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,evans' ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,lessons 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,l\isiana1 ,e/ill's ,beg9n]'s ,hi/ory ( ,our ,c\ntry1 ,evans' ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,/eph5son's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,mississippi1 ,e/ill's ,beg9n]'s ,hi/ory ( ,our ,c\ntry & ,mace-,petrie's ,hi/ory ( ! ,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,texas1 ,c\s9 & ,hill's ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,virg9ia1 ,&rew's ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory4 ,^! data 7 secur$ f a que/ionnaire4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a report$ /ate adopt$ textbooks b did n "n !m2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a fail$ to report4 #ejc ,evans1 ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 p4 #cfd4 #ejd ,/eph5son1 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 p4 #cii4 #eje ,ibid41 p4 #dhf4 ,h[ev] cf4 ,muzzey1 op4 cit41 p4 #chg et seq42 ,guitteau1 ,william ,s41 ,our ,unit$ ,/ates 7,bo/on1 #aiai71 p4 #dg et seq42 ,we/1 ,willis ,m41 ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,gov]nm5t 7,bo/on1 #aiac71 p4 #fbg4 #ejf ,j\rnal ( ! ,tw5ty-,second ,annual 444 ,encampm5t ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 #ahhh1 pp4 #baj-bag4 ,! ,u4 ,c4 ,v4 ,committee fir/ report$ 9 #ahid1 no reunion be+ held 9 #ahic4 #ejg ,j\rnal 444 op4 cit41 p4 #baj4 #ejh ,ibid4 #eji ,ibid4 #eaj ,ibid4 #eaa ,ibid41 pp4 #bab-bac4 ,criticism ( a hi/ory 8,by ,j4 ,s4 ,blackburn1 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,potomac ,academy1 ,alex&ria1 ,virg9ia1 & ,w4 ,n4 ,mc,donald1 ,a4 ,m41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,male ,high ,s*ool1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 ,twelf? ,edition ,revis$40 #eab ,ibid4 #eac ,ibid41 p4 #bae4 #ead ,j\rnal ( ! ,tw5ty-,six? ,national ,encampm5t ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahib1 p4 #bjg4 #eae ,j\rnal ( ! ,tw5ty-,n9? ,national ,encampm5t ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 444 #ahie1 p4 #bcj4 #eaf ,ibid41 p4 #cca4 ,montgom]y's books 7 disapprov$ by ! ,s\?4 ,cf4 page #aei4 #eag ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,fir/ ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahig1 p4 #bcc4 ,?is book 0 endors$ by ! ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 9 #ahif1 b ! au?or's "n is giv5 z ,j4 ,w4 ,jones4 ,m9utes 444 ( ! ,reunion ( ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahih1 p4 #ca4 #eah ,j\rnal1 op4 cit4 #eai ,ibid41 p4 #bcd4 #ebj ,ibid4 #eba ,ibid4 #ebb ,ibid4 ,! books 9 :i* ! quotations appe>$ 7 n nam$4 #ebc ,ibid4 #ebd ,ibid4 #ebe ,ibid41 p4 #bch4 #ebf ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,second ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahih1 p4 #aib4 #ebg ,ibid41 p4 #aid4 #ebh ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,?ird ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahii1 pp4 #bdd-bdf4 ,! textbook 0 n nam$4 #ebi ,ibid4 #ecj ,ibid4 #eca ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,f\r? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijj1 p4 #ade4 #ecb ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,eigh? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijd1 pp4 #bdd-bdf4 #ecc ,j\rnal ( ! ,=ty-,fir/ ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijg1 p4 #agc4 #ecd ,j\rnal ( ! ,=ty-,?ird ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aiji1 p4 #afd4 ,! li/ includ$ ,mc,laughlin's ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,nation1 ,montgom]y's ,lead+ ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,mace's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mc,master's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,gordy's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,eggle/on's 8,hi/ory10 ,johnson's 8,hi/ory10 ,b>nes' 8,hi/ory10 ,fiske's 8,hi/ory10 ,scudd]'s 8,hi/ory10 ,&]son's 8,hi/ory10 & 9 ! ,s\? 8,waddy ,?ompson's ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory1 revis$ & improv$ by ! late ,g5]al ,john ,b4 ,gordon40 #ece ,j\rnal ( ! ,=ty-,f\r? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aiaj1 p4 #bai4 ,! ,phil ,%]idan ,po/ ,no4 #d1 ,g4 ,a4 ,r41 jo9$ ) ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 #aibb 9 an ef=t to elim9ate ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p f ! acceptable textbooks ( ! ,boise1 ,idaho1 s*ools4 ,9 addition to criticisms reg>d+ ,we/'s discussion ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution & ! ,w> ( #ahab1 ! ,vet]ans object$ to ! treatm5t ( ! ,civil ,w> p]iod4 ,see p4 #bfe & ! ,idaho ,/atesman1 ,decemb] #i1 #aibb4 #ecf ,! controv]sy relat$ to ,public ,s*ool ,numb] #e4 ,! ,public ,s*ool ,society 0 organiz$ 9 #ahje & gradually ext5d$ its activities until #ahec1 :5 x gave its build+s & prop]ty to ! ,city ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,see ,b\rne1 ,william ,ol&1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,public ,s*ool ,society ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york 7,new ,york1 #ahgj71 p4 #cbd et seq4 #ecg ,ibid41 p4 #cbd4 ,no action 0 tak5 at t "t1 b a ,roman ,ca?olic tea*] 0 employ$ = ,public ,s*ool ,numb] #e4 #ech ,ibid41 p4 #cbe4 #eci ,ibid41 p4 #cbh4 #edj ,ibid4 #eda ,ibid41 p4 #cca4 #edb ,ibid4 #edc ,ibid41 p4 #cdb4 #edd ,de%on1 ,george1 8,a ,novel ,def5ce ( ! ,public ,s*ool10 ,! ,ca?olic ,_w1 ,vol4 ,l 7,febru>y1 #ahij71 pp4 #fgg-fhg4 #ede ,ibid4 #edf ,hamilton1 ,gail1 8,ca?olicism & ,public ,s*ools10 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,vol4 ,,cxlvii 7#ahhh71 pp4 #egb-ehj4 #edg ,ibid4 #edh 8,! ,anti-,ca?olic ,_s ( ,c]ta9 ,writ]s10 ,! ,ca?olic ,_w1 ,vol4 ,,xxxvi 7,febru>y1 #ahhc71 pp4 #feh-ffg4 #edi ,de%on1 loc4 cit4 #eej ,hamilton1 loc4 cit4 #eea ,9 #ahae !re 7 8ab\t #gj1jjj ,ca?olics to be f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates14444 ,9 #aiah1 444 its ,ca?olic population _h increas$ to #ag1daf1cjc144440 ,mc,carthy1 ,*>les ,h41 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ca?olic ,s*ools 7,new ,york1 #aiai71 p4 #dba4 #eeb ,mc,carthy1 ,*>les ,h41 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ca?olic ,s*ools 7,am]ican ,book ,co41 #aiai72 ,o',h>a1 ,john ,p41 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,! ,macmillan ,company1 #aiai72 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ca?olic ,s*ools prep>$ & arrang$ by ! ,franciscan ,si/]s ( ! ,p]petual ,adoration 7,scott1 ,=esman & ,company1 #aiad72 ,lawl]1 ,?omas ,b41 ,ess5tials ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,g9n & ,company1 #aiah72 ,bett51 ,francis ,s41 ,! ,anci5t ,_w 7,allyn & ,bacon1 #aiaf72 ,bett51 ,francis ,s41 & ,kaufman1 ,alfr$1 ,! ,mod]n ,_w 7,allyn & ,bacon1 #aiai72 ,burke1 ,e4 ,j41 ,political ,economy1 design$ = use 9 ,ca?olic ,colleges1 ,high ,s*ools & ,academies 7,am]ican ,book ,company1 #aiac74 #eec ,mc,carthy1 op4 cit41 preface1 p4 iii4 ,pr(essor ,mc,carthy is ,knights ( ,columbus ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory at ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ( ,am]ica4 #eed ,ibid41 preface1 p4 iv4 #eee ,! ,franciscan ,si/]s ( ! ,p]petual ,adoration1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ca?olic ,s*ools 7,*icago1 #aiad71 pp4 #c-d4 #eef ,ibid41 pp4 #e-f4 #eeg ,bett51 ,! ,anci5t ,_w1 preface4 #eeh 8,?is mu* malign$ prie/ ,john ,tetzel1 p]sonally ( blameless "*1 und\bt$ly w5t too f> 9 8 endeavors to procure f9ancial success4 ,he insi/$ inde$ on ! necessity ( contrition & confession = all ^? :o wi%$ to obta9 ! remission ( temporal puni%m5t = !mselves2 b 8 tea*+ conc]n+ ! indulg5ce = ! dead 0 n free f s]i\s errors4 ,to secure ?is b5efit = a s\l :i* has1 ( c\rse1 dep>t$ ?is life 9 ! /ate ( grace1 no?+1 accord+ to him1 is requir$ b ! alms4 ,?is doctr9e1 ?\gh at 8 "t actually taught by "s irresponsible prea*]s1 has nev] be5 support$ by ecclesia/ical au?ority4 ,tetzel's own bre?r5 9 religion op5ly reproa*$ him = 8 ill-advis$ tactics1 :i* soon became ! talk ( ! :ole c\ntry40 ,bett5 & ,kaufman1 ,! ,mod]n ,_w1 p4 #cgf4 #eei 8,at lea/ he ,m>t9 ,lu!r imag9$ t he _h made ! discov]y t ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* conc]n+ ! remission ( s9s 0 altoge!r wrong4 ,he !reby impli$ t ,*ri/1 contr>y to ,8 solemn promise1 _h all[$ ! ,*ur* to fall into a mo/ disa/r\s error4 ,! new sy/em1 :i* gradually develop$ 9 ,lu!r's m9d1 confus$ ! nature ( s9 ) concupisc5ce1 :i* is a consequ5ce ( orig9al s91 & :ile x makes man incl9$ to s9 is no s9 9 itself4 ,by ! s9 ( ,adam1 he ?\ght human nature 0 corrupt$ beyond recov]y2 man's acts c only be bad2 b ,jesus ,*ri/ cov]s ! s\l ) ,8 inf9ite m]its1 :i*1 z x 71 conceal all trespasses f ! eye ( ! j ,god2 if s9ful man expresses 8 firm #8belief' 9 ?is m]ciful disp5sation1 ,god w n puni% him1 ?\gh ! s9 is n tak5 away1 b m]ely cov]$2 ! s9n] !re=e rema9s a s9n]24444 ,x is evid5t t su* a ju/ification is no ju/ification at all1 & x w always rema9 a riddle h[ ,lu!r c\ld ma9ta9 t he _h f\nd su* a mon/r\s doctr9e 9 ! ,bible40 ,ibid41 pp4 #cgg-cgh4 #efj 8,! causes ( ! social evils are n only economic1 b moral & religi\s z well4 ,x is true t pres5t economic conditions are f> f satisfactory4 ,?\gh production1 on acc\nt ( ! introduction ( ma*9]y1 has increas$ enorm\sly1 wages h n kept pace ) t increase4444 ,b ! moral & religi\s causes are n to be ov]look$4 ,! break+ loose f practical ,*ri/ianity1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! la/ two c5turies1 has develop$ an int5se selfi%ness1 a /ruggle = weal? 9 :i* ea* "o seeks 8 own mat]ial advantage at ! exp5se ( 8 neighbor4444 ,:at1 !n1 are ! rem$ies propos$ by ,ca?olics8 ,c]ta9ly n ! adoption ( ,sociali/ views4444 ,! ,sociali/s delib]ately ignore1 yea exclude1 religion f cop]ation 9 ! solution ( ! great social problem4 ,!y =get t man's happ9ess "h bel[ is n 8 ultimate end1 t ! ,creator did n want equal weal? & equal mat]ial advantages = all4444 ,! /ate hav+ at he>t ! temporal welf>e ( its citiz5s1 %\ld by wise legislation protect ! work]s1 _! heal?1 & morals1 & t ( _! family4 ,b ! *ange ( he>ts :i* is s necess>y = ! cure ( mod]n evils is ! pr9cipal task ( religion4 ,h5ce ! ,*ur* %\ld be free to c>ry out h] mission40 ,ibid41 pp4 #fcj-fda4 #efa ,burke1 ,e4 ,j41 ,political ,economy design$ = use 9 ,ca?olic ,colleges1 ,high ,s*ools1 & ,academies 7,new ,york1 #aiac71 p4 #a4 ,accord+ to ,bullock's ,elem5ts ( ,economics1 "o textbook us$ 9 ! public s*ools1 8,economics is ! sci5ce :i* deals ) ! ef=ts ( mank9d to secure ! mat]ial commodities & p]sonal s]vices :i* are ne$$ to support life & to make a civiliz$ exi/5ce possible40 ,bullock1 ,*>les ,j41 ,elem5ts ( ,economics 7,bo/on1 #aiac71 p4 #d4 #efb ,burke1 op4 cit41 p4 #eg4 #efc ,burke1 op4 cit41 p4 #chf4 ,al?\gh 8foll[]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,s*ool d n d5y t mu* ( ! evil exi/+ 9 society is due to defective me?ods ( di/ribution1 !y sugge/ no su* dra/ic action z ! ,sociali/s4444 ,!y appeal to ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*'s tea*+ & ! p[] ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e to br+ ab\t a _s ( *>ity & ju/ice 9 ! mutual deal+s ( capitali/s & labor40 ,ibid41 p4 #cib4 #efd ,adv]tis+ pamphlet entitl$ 8,! ,hospitality giv5 ,fa!r ,burke's ,political ,economy40 #efe ,ibid41 p4 #f4 #eff ,ibid4 #efg ,ibid41 p4 #d4 #efh ,hass>d1 ,john ,r4 ,g41 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 7,new ,york1 #ahgh71 p4 vi4 #efi ,ibid4 ,! ,national ,lu!ran ,c\ncil _h1 9 #aibc1 a committee on hi/ory textbooks1 ^: purpose 0 to make kn[n any 8flagrant or actual misrepres5tations0 ( _! *ur* 9 hi/ory textbooks us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,lett] f ,lauritz ,l>s51 ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,lu!ran ,c\ncil to ! au?or "u date ( ,janu>y #ac1 #aibc4 ,no report ( ! committee 0 giv54 ,! writ] ( ! lett] also /at$ t !re _h be5 no 8organiz$ ef=t to sugge/ ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks 9 ! public s*ools1 n ev5 z ?is might p]ta9 to ! tea*+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation 9 ! public s*ools40 ,accord+ to ,w]n]1 ,brigham ,"y 8insi/$ t ! s*ool-books %\ld be publi%$ 9 ,utah1 & writt5 !re if possible1 r ?an import$ at unnecess>y exp5se f ! ,ea/4 ,! tea*]s1 too1 he wrote %\ld be ,latt]-day ,sa9ts1 s t ! *ildr5 might le>n only :at !y ought to "k40 ,w]n]1 ,m4 ,r41 ,brigham ,"y 7,new ,york1 #aibe71 p4 #dea4 #egj ,sweet1 ,w4 ,w41 8,religion 9 ,our ,s*ool ,hi/ories10 ,! ,*ri/ian ,c5tury1 ,vol4 ,,xli 7,novemb] #bj1 #aibd71 pp4 #aejb-aejd4 #ega ,! textbook is n nam$ 9 ! article4 #egb ,! title ( ?is book is n giv5 9 ! article b su* a /atem5t appe>s 9 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,franciscan ,si/]s ( ! ,p]petual ,adoration1 p4 #fh4 #egc ,ibid4 #egd ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ,vol4 ,,xlvii 7#aibb71 pp4 #daf-dbc4 #ege ,ibid4 #egf ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ,vol4 ,,xlviii 7#aibc71 pp4 #ddb-dea4 ,! committee 0 compos$ ( ,r4 ,e4 ,l4 ,san]1 *airman1 ,walt] ,george ,smi?1 ,&rew ,a4 ,brice1 ,wallace ,mc,camant1 ,john ,=d ,o',bri54 #egg ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ,vol4 ,,xlix 7#aibd71 pp4 #bee-bfi4 #egh ,ibid4 ,*apt] ,,iv discusses laws s9ce #aiag4 #egi ,ibid4 #ehj ,ibid4 ,! ,reports ( #aibc & #aibd are simil>4 #eha ,ibid41 pp4 #bfb-bfc4 #ehb ,ibid41 p4 #bga4 ,! entire cre$ appe>s 9 ! ,app5dix4 #ehc ,pr9t$ /atem5t f ! ,national ,security ,league1 #be ,we/ #dc;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 #ehd ,= ! /atem5t ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association z to _! activities see page #ahg4 #ehe ,ibid4 #ehf ,! ,national ,security ,league1 8,report to ,memb]s = ! ,mon? ,end+ ,may #ae1 #aibe40 #ehg ,pr9t$ /atem5t quot$ previ\sly4 #ehh ,ibid4 #ehi ,! ,national ,security ,league1 8,report to ,memb]s = ! ,mon? ,end+ ,may #ae1 #aibe40 #eij ,ibid41 ,octob] #ae1 #aibe4 #eia ,ibid41 ,may #ae1 #aibe4 #eib ,pr9t$ /atem5t quot$ previ\sly4 #eic ,! ,national ,security ,league1 8,report to ,memb]s = ! ,mon? ,end+ ,novemb] #ae1 #aibe40 #eid ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association1 8,a ,/atem5t ( ! ,exp&+ ,activities40 #eie ,ibid4 #eif ,ibid4 #eig ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association1 8,bullet9 ,numb] #aj40 #eih ,ibid4 #eii ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association1 8,bullet9 ,numb] #i40 ,! fir/ prize 9 ! ,second ,annual ,conte/ 0 #bjjj1 & 0 aw>d$ to ,rob]t ,sessions ( ,birm+ham1 ,alabama1 a boy ( fifte5 ye>s4 ,see ,con/itution ,anniv]s>y ,association1 8,bullet9 ,numb] #aj40 #fjj ,atwood1 ,h>ry ,f41 ,back to ! ,republic1 ! ,gold5 ,mean3 ! ,/&>d ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t 7,*icago1 #aiah71 p4 #bj4 ,! italics are 9 ! orig9al4 #fja ,ibid41 pp4 #cf-dj4 ,mr4 ,atwood draws t5 p>allels to autocracy1 democracy & ! republic f religion1 dome/ic life1 food1 dr9k1 music1 ?\ght1 sleep1 light1 moi/ure1 & ! numb] ( :eels mo/ s]viceable on vehicles4 #fjb ,atwood1 ,h>ry ,f41 ,safegu>d+ ,am]ican ,ideals 7,*icago1 #aiba71 p4 #cd4 #fjc ,ibid41 pp4 #bi-cb4 #fjd ,ibid4 #fje ,clum1 ,woodwor?1 8,am]ica is ,call+10 ,! ,bett] ,am]ica ,f$]ation ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles4 #fjf ,ibid4 #fjg 8,education = ,all10 ,(ficial ,record ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor 9 ! ,/ruggle to ,br+ ,k to ! ,masses 7,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,wa%+ton1 #aibb71 p4 #d4 #fjh ,ibid4 #fji ,ibid4 #faj ,ibid41 p4 #e4 #faa ,report ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,conv5tion ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor at ,c9c9nati1 ,june1 #aibb4 ,eigh? ,day ,proce$+s4 ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,committee on ,education on ,social ,/udies 9 ! ,public ,s*ools1 8,labor & ,education0 7,! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,wa%+ton1 #aibc71 pp4 #a-ac4 #fab ,ibid41 pp4 #c-d1 #g4 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,augu/ #be1 #aiba4 #fac ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 op4 cit41 pp4 #c-d1 #i4 #fad ,ibid41 p4 #ba4 #fae ,ibid41 p4 #bc4 #faf ,ibid4 #fag ,ibid4 #fah ,report ( ,proce$+s1 ,eigh? ,day 7#aibb71 p4 #cef4 #fai ,ibid4 ,accord+ to ! ,committee ! 8mod]n textbooks 9 mo/ frequ5t use are3 civics1 ,a%ley's ,! ,new ,civics1 ,be>d's ,am]ican ,citiz5%ip1 ,dunn's ,! ,community & ! ,citiz51 ,=man's ,! ,am]ican ,democracy1 ,hill's ,community ,life & ,civic ,problems1 ,hughes' ,community ,civics1 ,magrud]'s ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t 9 #aiba1 & ,re$'s ,=ms & ,functions ( ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t2 9 economics1 ,bur*'s ,am]ican ,economic ,life1 ,bur* & ,patt]son's ,am]ican ,social ,problems1 ,hughes' ,economic ,civics1 ,la+'s ,an ,introduction to ,economics1 ,m>%all & ,lyon's ,our ,economic ,organization1 & ,?ompson's ,elem5t>y ,economics2 9 sociology1 ,bur* & ,patt]son's ,am]ican ,social ,problems1 ,ellwood's ,sociology & ,mod]n ,problems sic1 ,t[ne's ,social ,problems1 & ,tuft's ,! ,real ,bus9ess ( ,liv+2 9 hi/ory1 ,a%ley's ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,be>d & ,bagley's ,a ,fir/ ,book 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,be>d's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,b\rne & ,b5ton's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,c\s9s & ,hills' sic ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,evans' ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,=man's ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools1 & ,advanc$ ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,james & ,san=d's ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,mace's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,muzzey's ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,?ompson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,political1 ,indu/rial & ,social1 & ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p4 8,labor & ,education10 p4 #bh4 #fbj ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,septemb] #c1 #aibc4 #fba ,h]skovitz1 ,melville ,j41 & ,willey1 ,malcolm ,m41 8,:at ,y\r ,*ild ,le>ns10 ,! ,nation1 ,vol4 ,,cxix 7,septemb] #ag1 #aibd71 pp4 #bhb-bhd4 ,! book ref]r$ to is ,b]ry1 ,m>g>et ,k41 & ,h[e1 ,samuel ,b41 ,actual ,democracy 7,new ,york1 #aibc74 ,! quotation is f\nd on page #fc4 #fbb ,9 ! discussion ( trade-unionism objection 0 rais$ to ! classification ( unions z 8bus9ess unionism--:i* is trade consci\s b n class consci\s1 444 ! fri5dly or uplift union :i* may be ei!r trade or class consci\s1 & is cons]vative1 444 #8pr$atory unionism' 444 secret1 ei!r radical or cons]vative1 class or trade consci\s1 & has two w+s2 #8hold-up unionism1' ! corrupt type rec5tly expos$ 9 our great cities1 & #8gu]rilla unionism' :i* nev] comb9es ) employ]s1 b engages 9 a secret & viol5t w>f>e ) capital 444 a f\r? & m objectionable type ( unionism 444 calls itself #8revolution>y unionism4' ,x may be ei!r sociali/ic z 0 ! ,we/]n ,f$]ation ( ,m9]s1 or an>*i/ic l ! ,indu/rial ,work]s ( ! ,_w44440 ,b]ry & ,h[e1 op4 cit41 pp4 #gc-gd4 #fbc ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,! quotation :i* 0 objectionable to ! writ]s ( ! article 0 f\nd on pages #afg-afi ( ! textbook4 #fbd ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,see ,s\?wor?1 ,a4 ,t41 ,! ,common ,s5se ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,bo/on1 #aibd71 pp4 #ia-ib4 #fbe ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,hughes1 ,r4 ,o41 ,text-,book 9 ,citiz5%ip 7,bo/on1 #aibc74 #fbf ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 #fbg ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,hughes1 op4 cit41 pp4 #eaj-eaa4 #fbh ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,hughes1 op4 cit41 pp4 #eaj-eaa4 #fbi ,lett] "u date ( ,decemb] #g1 #aibe1 f ! editor ( 8,s]vice ,talks10 publi%$ by ! ,philadelphia ,rapid ,transit ,company4 ,bur*1 ,h5ry ,re$1 ,am]ican ,economic ,life 7,new ,york1 #aiba71 p4 #ccj4 #fcj ,am]ican ,bank]s ,association1 8,books devot$ :olly or 9 "p to ! subject ( ,bank+40 ,! books m5tion$ 7 n all social /udy books1 ari?metic & bookkeep+ textbooks be+ includ$4 #fca 8,talks on ,bank+ & ,elem5t>y ,economics10 prep>$ by ! ,public ,education ,commission1 ,am]ican ,bank]s ,association1 ,new ,york4 #fcb ,educational ,news & ,editorial ,comm5t1 8,social ,/udies 9 ,public ,s*ools10 ,! ,s*ool ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxvii 7#aiai71 pp4 #bje-bab4 ,national ,indu/rial ,conf]5ce ,bo>d1 ,a ,case ( ,f$]al ,propag&a 9 ,our ,public ,s*ools1 pp4 #d1 #aa4 ,! lessons 7 prep>$ "u ! direction ( ,*>les ,h4 ,judd1 ,director ( ! ,s*ool ( ,education ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 & ,leon ,c4 ,m>%all1 ,dean ( ! ,s*ool ( ,comm]ce & ,adm9i/ration 9 ! same univ]sity4 #fcc ,! ,national ,indu/rial ,conf]5ce ,bo>d 9 connection ) ?is rem>k$3 8,su* a /atem5t indicates a /udi$ ef=t to pres5t to ! immature m9d an exce$+ly di/ort$ picture ( factory life4 ,x sugge/s an almo/ con/ant maim+ & mangl+ ( indu/rial work]s1 :]eas1 z a matt] ( fact1 mo/ indu/rial accid5ts are ( a m9or "* su* z slight cuts1 scrat*es & sliv]s4 ,take1 h[ev]1 at its face value ! /atem5t t somebody is kill$ e fifte5 m9utes :ile at "w4 ,on ! basis ( a #ed-;h\r "w-week1 approximately ! av]age 9 ?is c\ntry1 ?is means a total ( #aa1bej dea?s 9 indu/ry p] ye> 444 ! s*ol> %\ld also be giv5 an idea ( ! millions ( work]s to :om ?is total ( dea?s is relat$4 ,he %\ld 9 fairness also h po9t$ out to him ! haz>ds ( non-indu/rial pursuits :i* cause annually m fatal accid5ts ?an occur 9 indu/ry40 ,! ,national ,indu/rial ,conf]5ce ,bo>d1 op4 cit41 p4 #aa4 #fcd ,! ,s*ool ,review1 loc4 cit4 #fce ,quot$ 9 ,! ,s*ool ,review1 loc4 cit4 #fcf ,! ,s*ool ,review1 loc4 cit4 ,in/ances ( criticism ( textbooks might be multipli$4 ,au?ors h met objections to _! works because !re 7 no 8,republican illu/rations 9 ! book10 because ( quotations f ,mn/]b]g & o!r ,g]mans1 & because ( ! discussion devot$ to prohibition4 ,9 ?is la/ case a memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education ( ,*icago is report$ to h criticis$ ! use ( an ari?metic z look+ l 8a b>t5d]'s fri5d0 9 t x 0 full ( problems ( 8h[ mu* did ?is w9e m]*ant ord] 8 %]ry or h[ _m b>rels ( :iskey c\ld ! man pur*ase = su* an am\nt40 ,i[a ,city ,i[a ,press-,citiz51 ,novemb] #ac1 #aibd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,attack ,,on ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,,s9ce #aiag ,s9ce ! ,_w ,w>1 an ard5t patriotism has swept ! c\ntry1 result+ 9 a widespread inve/igation ( ! tea*+ & writ+ ( hi/ory4 ,sponsor$ by v>i\s gr\ps1 ! movem5t has ga9$ consid]able mom5tum1 until hi/ory tea*+ & hi/ory textbooks are 9 dang] ( be+ an expression ( c]ta9 religi\s1 racial or o!r p>tisan op9ions4 ,^! gr\ps hold1 9 common1 t ,am]ican hi/ories1 z n[ writt51 neglect h]oic *>act]s 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 especially 9 ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 & t !y are di/ort$ by a pro-,briti% bias4 ,propag&a1 inde$1 makes /range b$-fell[s4 ,9 ?is new praetorian gu>d ( ! temple ( ,am]ican patriotism are f\nd ! ,he>/ newspap]s1 an elem5t ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus & ( ! ,iri%-,am]icans1 ! ,g]man-,am]icans1 & f9ally patriotic societies ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! *>ge ( 8,anglicization10 usually enliv5$ by my/]i\s ref]5ces to 8,briti% gold10 arises 9 "p f ! new tr5d ( ,am]ican hi/orical s*ol>%ip 9 ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,hi/orians employ+ sci5tific me?ods h done mu* to revise ! traditional ideas conc]n+ our relations ) ,great ,brita94 ,important contributions ( ?is "* h be5 made1 = in/ance1 by su* hi/orians z ,george ,l\is ,be]1 ,*>les ,m4 ,&rews1 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,osgood1 ,sydney ,george ,fi%]1 & ,claude ,h4 ,van ,tyne4 ,^! inve/igations 7 go+ =w>d at ! same "t t consci\s ef=ts 7 be+ made by ! publici/s ( ! two c\ntries to reveal to ! two ,engli%-speak+ peoples _! common ties & responsibilities 9 ! _w today4 ,_m books 7 pr9t$ & organizations =m$ to promote ,anglo-,am]ican concord2 among ! latt]1 su* bodies z ! ,sulgrave ,in/itute1 ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,league & ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union4 ,to suspici\s onlook]s ! "w ( ! hi/orians 9 _! cloi/]s took on ! appe>ance ( delib]ate propag&a favorable to ,great ,brita9--a suspicion1 x ne$ h>dly be said1 entirely unw>rant$4 ,x ne$$ only an appeal su* z t ( ,h]b]t ,adams ,gibbons t we solidify an amicable relation%ip ) ,great ,brita9 ?r\gh our common language1 common ideals & common int]e/s1 to confirm ! cr$ul\s 9 _! suspicions4#fcg ,fur!rmore1 sugge/ions f m5 l ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t t our hi/ory text-books be rewritt5 to enc\rage bett] int]national relations seem$ to af=d additional pro( t pro-,briti% ag5cies 7 9 control ( hi/ory textbooks4#fch ,! writ+s ( special plead]s l ,ow5 ,wi/] /r5g!n$ ?is impression4#fci ,inde$1 ,*>les ,edw>d ,russell has gone s f> z to decl>e t def9itely plann$ attempts to rewrite ,am]ican hi/ory textbooks1 = ! purpose ( enc\rag+ bett] ,anglo-,am]ican relations1 7 laun*$ z e>ly z #ahif1 & h be5 c>efully c>ri$ on s9ce !n4#fdj ,on ! o!r h&1 ! propon5ts ( revision1 consci\s ( an 8agitation = ! re9troduction ( p>o*ial patriotism into ! s*ools & colleges10 h ent]$ a plea = 8! tru?0 9 s*ool hi/ories & = ! writ+ & tea*+ ( hi/ory by s*ol>s unaffect$ by ! dem&s ( 8politicians40#fda ,to !m1 ! true f\nt ( patriotism does n arise f textbooks ( hi/ory :i* are 8nationali/ic r ?an imp>tial40#fdb ,!y w\ld seek1 r1 to depict ev5ts n z 8p>tisans0 b 9 a 8sci5tific _s1 ) ! desire to und]/& r ?an to ju/ify40#fdc ,,attacks ,,on ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,,by ,,! ,,he>/ ,,newspap]s ,,& ,,*>les ,,grant ,,mill] ,9 #aiba ! ,he>/ newspap]s began ! publication ( a s]ies ( articles design$ to ar\se 8patriotic ,am]ican p>5ts0 to a realization t 8! s*ool hi/ories n[ be+ taught to _! *ildr5 h be5 revis$ & 9 "s in/ances :olly rewritt5 9 a new & propitiatory _s t[>d ,engl&40#fdd ,s9ce t "t ^! articles h appe>$ at irregul> int]vals f ! p5 ( ,*>les ,grant ,mill]4 ,!re has be5 yea/ 9 8 /atem5ts1 & to !m may be attribut$ ! orig9 ( mu* ( ! criticism direct$ aga9/ hi/ory textbooks by individuals & organiz$ gr\ps4 ,) titles set up 9 l>ge black-fac$ type ^! articles captur$ ! eye ( ^? :o1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 7 giv+ he$ to ! fev]i% propag&a :i* has fl\ri%$ s9ce ! ,_w ,w>4 ,9 8 articles1 ,mr4 ,mill] proce$$ f ! discussion ( 8,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,revis$ 9 ,s*ool ,books1 ,belittles ,revolution & ,?anks ,engl& = ,be/[+ ,lib]ty on ,am]ica0 to a treatm5t ( 8,propag&a seeks to ,di/ort ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,briti% ,work]s are ,be+ ,back$ by a ,heavily ,f9anc$ ,ma*9e44440#fde ,*ief among ! hi/orians :om ,mr4 ,mill] w\ld *>act]ize z 8,angliciz$0 are f\nd ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t1 ,john ,p4 ,o',h>a1 ,ev]ett ,b>nes1 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,laughlin1 ,c4 ,h4 ,van ,tyne1 ,william ,b4 ,guitteau1 & ,willis ,mason ,we/4 ,*>ges ( 8,anglicization0 h be5 br\ght also aga9/ ,c4 ,h4 ,w>d = 8 edition ( ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica & ^u ,hel5 ,nicolay = h] ,book ( ,am]ican ,w>s4 ,! pro-,briti% po9t ( view :i* ,mr4 ,mill] f\nd express$ has be5 br\ght ab\t by 8intrigue & treason0 & ! ,am]ican s*ool hi/ories :i* portray x 8mu/ be ca/ out if ,am]ica is to rema9 ,am]ica40#fdf ,sub/antially all ( ! criticisms ( hi/ory textbooks 9 :i* ,mr4 ,mill] has indulg$ h relat$ to /atem5ts reg>d+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,he f\nd x especially objectionable :5 a hi/ory l ,john ,p4 ,o',h>a's gives 8! impression0 t 8! ,am]ican ,revolution orig9at$ n 9 ! colonies !mselves1 b among ! devot$ fri5ds ( lib]ty 9 ,engl&10 & :5 8m quotation is giv5 f ,pitt ?an f ,patrick ,h5ry40#fdg ,a 8:olesome desire = increas$ fri5d%ip & cop]ation betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita910 decl>$ ,mr4 ,mill]1 8creates no ju/ification = ! policy ( propitiation ( ,engl& ?r\gh defamation ( ,am]ica1 :i* (f]s z sacrifice ^u ! alt> ( int]national comity immortelles snat*$ f ! monum5ts ( our nation's h]oic f\nd]s4444 ,9 our own h]oes & hi/ory our nation has be5 exceptionally bless$4 ,!y h prov$ unfail+ s\rces ( pride & inspiration t h prompt$ u z a p to /an* "*1 high endeavor1 noble a*ievem5ts & unp>allel$ progress40#fdh ,! second article 9 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9] lay b>e ! alleg$ defects 9 ,b>nes' textbook1 :]e ! au?or plays 8! "p ( a flunky apologi/ to ,engl& = ! indep5d5ce e/abli%$ by our fa!rs10 & 9 :i* he 8burlesques its _w affect+ results40#fdi ,b>nes1 fur!rmore1 ,mr4 ,mill] po9t$ out1 ignores su* patriots z 8,na?an ,hale1 ^: only regret on ! ,briti% scaffold 0 t he _h b "o life to give to 8 c\ntry1 444 ,e?an ,all51 ,mad ,an?ony ,wayne & ! battle ( ,/ony ,po9t10 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 8!re is a full page ( praise = ! traitor ,b5$ict ,arnold :om #8,congress _h treat$ unfairly4'0#fej ,9 addition to o!r faults1 ,mr4 ,mill] cit$ ! /atem5ts t 8! fir/ sign] ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 a smuggl]10 8t ! ,cont95tal ,congress #80 a sc5e ( petty bick]+s & s*em+s' among #8selfi%1 unwor?y1 %ort-sight$1 n>r[-m9d$1 (fice-seek+ & (fice-trad+ plott]s1' t #8half ! coloni/s 7 loyal to ,engl&'2 t ! re/ 7 unit$ 9 resi/ance only #8because !y d>$ n be o!rwise1' & t if 9 ,engl& ! wise c\rse _h only prevail$ aga9/ ! #8fooli%' ,k+1 #8?is great c\ntry w\ld probably n[ h be5 a great bran* ( ! ,briti% empire4'0#fea ,b>nes 0 also condemn$ because he calls ! ,w> ( #ahab 8a mi/ake10 ! burn+ ( ,wa%+ton 8an act ( reprisal0 = ! burn+ ( build+s 9 ,canada1 & ,jackson's victory at ,new ,orleans 8a wa/$ battle2 a ne$less victory40#feb ,h[ diff]5t to ,mr4 ,mill] 0 8?is new ,b>nes0 f ! ,b>nes' ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* spoke 8always f ! ,am]ican viewpo9t1 ) ,am]ican int]e/s & sympa?ies at he>t60#fec ,! next au?ors to ar\se 8 ire 7 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne1 :o ) o!r hi/orians 7 8re%ap+0 ,am]ican hi/ory 8to s]ve int]national int]e/s "u ^: hypnotism ( propag&a ,am]ican public op9ion has be5 goose-/epp+ = five ye>s 9 ! direction ( a return to ,engli% subjection40#fed ,*>g$ ) omitt+ ,hale1 ,decatur1 ,faneuil ,hall1 ! ,gre5 ,m\nta9 ,boys1 ,betsy ,ross & ! flag1 ! qu>t]+ ( troops & 8! ,briti% attempts to bribe10 !y 7 decl>$ guilty also ( 8/rictly m9imiz+ ! patriot valor at ,lex+ton1 ,bunk] ,hill & ,new ,orleans40 ,su* omission 9 ! s*ool hi/ories ,mr4 ,mill] comp>$ ) 8an anci5t cu/om to remove ! visc]a & bra9 be=e embalm+ a body40 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,mill] f\nd x extremely objectionable t ! 8lead+ f\nd]s ( our lib]ties are *>act]iz$ by ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne z foll[s3 #8,x is h>d to realize h[ ignorant & sup]/iti\s 7 mo/ ( ! coloni/s ( ,am]ica'--p4 #acd2 #8,patrick ,h5ry1 a gay1 unprosp]\s & hi!rto unkn[n c\ntry lawy]'--p4 #ada2 #8,smuggl+ 0 s common t ev5 a lead+ ,bo/on m]*ant 0 kn[n z #8! ,pr9ce ( ,smuggl]s''--p4 #adj2 444 & #8,adams & ,hancock /ole away across ! fields'--p4 #aec40fee ,besides ^! grievances ! ,he>/ pap]s object$ to ! omission ( 8su* fam\s slogans z #8,we h met ! enemy & !y are ours' & #8,don't give up ! %ip'02 & ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne 8g fur!r ev5 ?an _! fell[s & seek to de/roy ^! inspir+ slogans by disput+ _! au!nticity40#fef ,?is attack on ! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne textbook provok$ a prote/ f ,c4 ,h4 ,w>d1 ^: edition ( ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica ! ,he>/ pap]s also _h criticiz$4 8,mr4 ,mill]10 decl>$ ,w>d1 8skillfully quotes ) a sne] f ! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne book0 7reg>d+ ,patrick ,h5ry74 8,yet ?is book10 he ass]t$1 8does 9 fact give m ?an usual prom95ce & praise to ,patrick ,h5ry3 #8,:o decl>$ ) m>vel\s eloqu5ce' 7p4 #ada72 #8,) burn+ words he d5\nc$ ! tyranny' 7p4 #adb72 #8,patrick ,h5ry aga9 electrifi$ ! ,virg9ia lead]s by 8 d>+ prophecy' 7p4 #aej72 #8,secur+ a commission & money f ! ,gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 ,patrick ,h5ry' 7p4 #ahb740 ,not)/&+ ?is treatm5t ( ,h5ry1 ,mr4 ,w>d av]r$ t 8,mr4 ,mill] s quotes z to imply t ! au?ors h sl&]$ ,h5ry2 b ! two adjectives #8gay & unkn[n' are ! only two words t convey aught b praise40#feg ,fur!r1 ,mr4 ,w>d %[$ t1 9 ! acc\nt ( ,lex+ton1 ! /atem5t t 8,adams & ,hancock /ole away0 is tak5 out ( its context4 ,w>d1 likewise1 f\nd t ,mill] has 8misrepres5t$0 ,h>t's hi/ory1 = he 0 unable to discov] "s ( ! /atem5ts attribut$ to t au?or4#feh ,on ,novemb] #bj1 #aiba1 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9] devot$ an article to an attack n only ^u ,b>nes1 ,h>t1 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne1 b also ^u ,william ,b4 ,guitteau1 :o1 too1 _h fall5 victim to 8! snobbi% _s ( apology & subs]vi5cy to ,engl&40#fei ,?is attitude1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill]1 8! publi%]s1 ,silv]1 ,burdett & ,company1 boldly proclaim 9 _! adv]tisem5ts0 9 say+3 8,?is book has be5 writt5 9 ! light ( rec5t ev5ts 9 :i* a new atmosph]e has be5 creat$ = ! /udy ( our national life4444 ,! revolution>y w> & subsequ5t ,anglo-,am]ican difficulties hi!rto di/ort$ 9 our s*ool books ?r\gh an un?9k+ adh]5ce to traditional prejudice1 h be5 re/at$ by ,dr4 ,guitteau 9 _! true light40#ffj ,"o ( ! objectionable po9ts urg$ aga9/ ,guitteau & o!r hi/orians 0 ! ignor+ ( ,iri% patriots4 ,9 l>ge1 bold-fac$ type ,mr4 ,mill] call$ att5tion to 8! elim9ation ( ,g]man & ,iri% assi/ance to ! coloni/s 9 ! ,revolution1 z well z ! ,dut* ( ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,fr5* ( ,c>ol9a & ! ,sw$es ( ,new ,j]sey & ,delaw>e1 :ile ! help giv5 by ,france is m9imiz$ & *>g$ to selfi%1 s*em+ motives40#ffa ,9 8 e>li] editions1 decl>$ ,mr4 ,mill]1 ,pr(essor ,h>t _h ! 8frankness to say #8,g]mans1 ,iri%1 ,scot*-,iri%1 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,negroes & ,engli%m5 /ood side by side 9 ! ranks1'0 b 9 ! revis$ edition ( #aibj 8he has magically trans=m$ s em95t a h]o z ,b>on ,de ,kalb f a ,g]man to a ,fr5*man40#ffb 8,home gr[n motives might be imag9$ = c>ry+ back a c5tury & a half ! cancellation ( fri5dly relations ) ! ,g]mans10 0 ,mr4 ,mill]'s obs]vation1 8b :5ce comes ! motive = a sudd5 *ange 9 attitude t[>d ,iri% h]oes ( ! ,revolution80 ,su* a situation reveal$ to ,mill] a significant animus1 = c]ta9ly 8x is n our own c\ntry t has _h ! tr\ble ) ! ,iri%40 ,to him x 0 conceivable t hidd5 =ces 7 actuat+ ! 8rec5t revisions10 = 8by ! e>ly hi/orians0 ! high reg>d 9 :i* ,george ,wa%+ton held ,iri%m5 0 8gl[+ly recogniz$40#ffc ,! publication ( ?is 8s]ies ( articles writt5 = ! ,he>/ newspap]s by ,*>les ,grant ,mill] 444 ar\s$ a wave ( indignation all ov] ! c\ntry10 accord+ to ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9] = ,may #ad1 #aibb4 ,z a result1 8patriotic societies h tak5 up ! battle & v>i\s organizations h />t$ movem5ts to /op su* p]v]sion ( ,am]ican traditions40 ,z an example ( "o :o 0 ar\s$ to ! situation describ$ 9 ! articles1 ! ,h]ald & ,exam9] publi%$ a lett] f ,s5ator ,william ,e4 ,borah1 8:o raises a cl>ion voice aga9/ ! insidi\s ef=t to falsify ! glori\s /ory ( ! ,am]ican fight = indep5d5ce & to *eat ! y\? ( ?is day ( ! h]oic inspiration & /urdy manhood ( ! days ( ! ,revolution40#ffd ,al?\gh ,s5ator ,borah did n desire 8to h our hi/ories d any inju/ice to ,great ,brita910 yet he did n want 8facts conceal$ nor ev5ts ignor$ 9 ord] to satisfy ^? :o n[ seem to regret t _! ance/ors ev] came to ?is c\ntry40#ffe ,he presum$ t ! next /ep w\ld be 8an expurgat$ edition0 ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 :i* w\ld be read 8) appropriate apology0 on ! ,f\r? ( ,july 8%\ld t cont9ue to be obs]v$40 ,all ( ?is l$ him to rem>k t 9 8due "t "s sycophantic intellectual int]lop] w feel con/ra9$ to urge t we )hold f our "y m5 & wom5 ! unju/ attack s long made ^u ! ,am]ican-,engli% g5tleman kn[n z ,b5$ict ,arnold40#fff ,"u ! caption 8,let ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,tea* ,patriotism10 ,wallace ,mc,camant1 "o-"t presid5t ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ann\nc$ 8 approval ( ! /& tak5 by ,*>les ,grant ,mill]4 8,:at ?9k y ( a s*ool hi/ory10 qu]i$ ,judge ,mc,camant1 8:i* beg9s ! /ory ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution ) ?is s5t5ce8 #8,!re is little use try+ to le>n ^: fault x 0 t ! w> began1 =1 z we h se51 su* a long tra9 ( ev5ts l$ to disagreem5t betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 t we %\ld h to g back & back 9 ! v f\nd+ ( ! colonies4 ,z 9 mo/ qu>rels1 ! blame is laid by ea* p>ty on ! o!r4'0#ffg ,:5 an au?or1 9 discuss+ taxation )\t repres5tation decl>es t 8!re 0 "h an hone/ diff]5ce ( op9ion10 x 0 evid5t to ,judge ,mc,camant t he 8has c]ta9ly n be5 call$ ( ,god to write ,am]ican hi/ory40#ffh ,to ^? 8:o say t hi/ory %\ld n /ress w>10 ,judge ,mc,camant admitt$ t 8!re are important *apt]s 9 our peace hi/ory :i* %\ld be adequately cov]$10 b he sugge/$ t !re is 8no?+ else0 :i* 8w grip ! imag9ation ( ! "y l ! /ory ( ! soldi] or ! sailor :o fights & dies t 8 c\ntry may be free40#ffi ,! inculcation ( patriotism1 :i* is ! *ief value 9 ! tea*+ ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 ,mr4 ,mc,camant's m9d1 c be/ be atta9$ 9 sett+ =? 8sacrifices 9 w9n+ fre$om40#fgj ,! next angle f :i* ,mr4 ,mill] criticiz$ ,am]ican s*ool hi/ories is 9 8! magical trans=mation ( ,k+ ,george ,,iii f a born ,briton into a ,g]man40#fga ,su*1 he ass]t$ appe>s 9 ! #aiaf-ag edition ( ! s*ool hi/ory by ,h>t1 a pla9 evid5ce ( 8! =ces ( ,briti% propag&a0 :i* 87 increas+ _! influ5ces to quick5 an ,am]ican hatr$ ( ,g]many & to hurry u into w> & into p]man5t alliance44440#fgb ,to prove 8 cont5tion reg>d+ ! nationality ( ,k+ ,george ,,iii1 he quot$ ! 8,engli% hi/orical au?ority1 ,macaulay10 ?us3 8#8,! "y ,k+ 0 a born ,engli%man4 ,all 8 ta/es & habits1 good & bad 7 ,engli%4'0#fgc ,z a result ( ! 8_m =ces actively at "w0 ,mr4 ,mill] obs]v$ t ! 8,angliciz$ revisioni/s1 l t5 automatons work$ by "o w1 beg9 to tea* ,am]ican s*ool *ildr53 #8t ! ,am]ican revolution 0 made 9 ,g]many2 444' t #8! ,am]ican revolution 0 a conte/ betwe5 ,g]man tyranny & ,engli% fre$om1 al?\gh nei!r p>ty 9 ! /ruggle knew t ?is 0 ! issue'2 44440#fgd ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mr4 ,mill] f\nd 9 ,john ,ba* ,mc,master's hi/ory 8an excell5t summ>y0 :]e 8! v5om\s quality ( ,engli% comm5ts ^u ,am]ica is vividly describ$40#fge ,ano!r victim ( 8,anglicization0 ,mr4 ,mill] held to be ,mat!w ,page ,&rews1 8director ( ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union & ,angliciz$ au?or ( ?ree ,am]ican s*ool hi/ories0 ^: s\rce ( in=mation 0 ,greg's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #ahhg4fgf ,x 0 ! belief ( ,mr4 ,mill] t x 0 ,greg's ,hi/ory f :i* ,mr4 ,&rews adduc$ ! conclusion t 8,l9coln 0 controll$ by fanatics & ?r\gh p]fidy & brok5 pl$ges =c$ our ,civil ,w>40#fgg ,9 8 discussion ( ,greg's book1 ,mr4 ,mill] fail$ to m5tion ,greg's *>act]ization ( ,t[n%5d's "w4 ,9 ?is latt] case x w\ld seem t ,greg ought to h met ) approval1 = he describ$ ,t[n%5d's "p 9 ! ,revolution z 8folly10 z well z say+ t ,t[n%5d 8pl$g$ himself to a s]ies ( petty cu/oms impo/s40#fgh ,fur!rmore1 he m5tions ,e?an ,all51 ,/>k1 ,wayne1 ,/4 ,clair1 ,putnam1 ,sumt] & ,m>ion1 & 9 t reg>d %\ld prove acceptable to ^? desir+ ! inclusion ( h]oic *>act]s 9 textbooks4#fgi ,on ,octob] #ae1 #aibb1 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9] s\ght to expose ! ag5cies :i* rang$ 8all ! way f ! cultivation ( #8m fri5dly relations' to ! fulfillm5t ( ! ,c>negie prophecy ( ! ,reunit$ ,/ates1 ! ,briti%-,am]ican ,union & ! ,cecil ,rhodes ,design10#fhj & :i* 7 responsible = textbook revision4 ,besides ! 8elaborate & well-oil$ ,briti% propag&a ma*9e e/abli%$ by ,sir ,gilb]t ,p>k] & ! late ,"l ,nor?cliffe10 ,mr4 ,mill] _h discov]$ 8at lea/ a full half doz5 ( /rong propag&a organizations0 all ( ^: me?ods 7 8s9i/] & to ! "o end40 ,among ^! 7 ! 8,sons ( ,/4 ,george1 an old organization ( ,briti%-born resid5ts ( ?is c\ntry0 :o1 8)9 ! la/ few ye>s10 _h 8em]g$ f obscurity ?r\gh a h>d drive = increas$ memb]%ip & vigor\s ass]tion ( ,briti% _s10 & :o _h (f]$ 8! only op5 opposition :i* ! ,sons ( ! ,revolution 9 ,cali=nia h enc\nt]$ 9 _! w9n+ fight aga9/ ,angliciz$ s*ool hi/ories44440 ,9 ! ,cali=nia case1 ! opposition 0 direct$ by 8! ,am]ican-born wife ( a son ( ,/4 ,george & f a daught] ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution :o is a memb] ( ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union10 :i* exemplifi$ 8! favorite policy ( all ( ^! ,briti% propag&a organizations0 9 :i* !y 8pu% _! ,am]ican-born wom5 to ! front to d _! op5 fight+40#fha ,! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union is ano!r ( ! organizations ( :i* ,mr4 ,mill] spoke4 ,its magaz9e1 ,! ,l&m>k1 has 8bitt]ly attack$ z #8demagogic' & #8n>r[-m9d$' ! movem5t to re/ore true ,am]ican hi/ory to our public s*ools02--& 8x arranges = ! grant+ ( degrees by ,engli% univ]sities to ,am]ican collegiates :o tea* to our y\? ! imp]iali/ic int]e/s ( ,great ,brita940#fhb ,! ?ird ag5cy = ,anglicization1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill]1 is ! ,sulgrave ,in/itute 8f\nd$ ^u ! idea t ,george ,wa%+ton has loom$ too l>ge ?r\gh\t ! _w ev] to be belittl$1 & s mu/ be claim$ z an ,engli%man1 :o e/abli%$ 9 ?is we/]n _w ,engli% fre$om40 ,a l fate ,mr4 ,mill] prophesi$ = ,l9coln 8= :om !re is n[ be+ provid$ an ,engli% l9eage & an ,engli% ance/ral home1 z a %r9e :]e expatriate ,am]icans may b5d ! sycophantic knee 9 fooli% wor%ip ( suppos$ ,engli% influ5ces t are said to h fre$ our slaves & sav$ our ,union40#fhc ,o!r =ces ( l design ,mr4 ,mill] f\nd 9 ! 8,cecil ,rhodes ,s*ol>%ip1 ! ,cecil ,rhodes ,secret ,society & ! ,rhodes ,s*ol>%ip ,alumni ,association ( ,am]ica10 all influ5ces = ,rhodes' dream--8! ultimate recov]y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica z an integral "p ( ! ,briti% ,empire40#fhd ,( l "* are 8! multi=m ,c>negie in/itutions1 support$ by ! #bjj1jjj1jjj fund ( ! ,c>negie ,corporation1 & design$ to influ5ce & direct ! _s & me?ods ( ! s*ola/ic1 public s*ool & libr>y =ces ( ! c\ntry10 z well z ! religi\s ?r\gh ! 8,*ur* ,peace ,union40#fhe ,! ,_w ,alliance = ,promot+ ,int]national ,fri5d%ip ?r\gh ! ,*ur*es & ,! ,am]ican ,association = ,int]national ,cop]ation are among ! v>i\s influ5ces nam$ by ,mr4 ,mill]1 :i* seek to 8,briticize0 ,am]ica4 ,"o ( ! *ief endeavors ( 8all ( ! propag&a organizations10 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill]1 is ! sub/itution ( ! obs]vance ( ,magna ,*>ta ,day1 ,june #ae1 = t ( ,july ! f\r?4 ,su* an ef=t l$ him to conclude t 8! int]national m9d is a ,briti% m9d ?r\gh\t4 ,:ile insidi\sly seek+ to d5ationalize ,am]ica1 x is insi/5tly /riv+ to /r5g!n ! nationalism ( ,great ,brita940#fhf ,mr4 ,mill] held z *iefly responsible = 8?is de-,am]icaniz+ #8dope'0 ,ni*olas ,murray ,butl] & 8m ?an a score ( college presid5ts & pr(essors1 o!r educators & prea*]s1 :o readily are trac$ into o!r ,briti% propag&a organizations & are (ficially id5tifi$ ) v>i\s ,briti% secret s]vices 9 ?is c\ntry02 :o ?r\gh a sy/em ( p5sions are 8securely subsidiz$ into ke5 sympa?y ) ! ,c>negie design ( #8! ,reunit$ ,/ates--! ,briti%-,am]ican ,union4'0#fhg ,! inclusion 9 ,am]ican hi/ory textbooks ( /atem5ts design$ to %[ t ,am]ican con/itutional practices _h _! s\rce 9 ,engli% in/itutions caus$ ,mr4 ,mill] to criticize n only ,b>nes1 ,o',h>a1 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne1 aga9/ :om he _h o!r grievances1 b also ,david ,saville ,muzzey & ,willis ,mason ,we/4 8,su* is n ,am]ican hi/ory10 he decl>$1 8x is ,briti% propag&a10 = ev5 an ,engli%man1 ,glad/one1 has said1 8,! ,am]ican ,con/itution is ! mo/ wond]ful "w ev] /ruck (f at a giv5 "t by ! bra9 & purpose ( man40#fhh 8,su* disp>agem5t 9 revis$ s*ool hi/ory is n m]e un9t5tional error10 ass]t$ ,mr4 ,mill]4 84441 ^! & o!r gross alt]ations rec5tly made 9 t5 ( our s*ool hi/ories1 are a direct result ( def9ite design & organiz$ propag&a0 conduct$ by 8propag&a associations pussyfoot+ among u 444 to dead5 our respect = our own bir?right1 inoculate u ) contempt = our free in/itutions & fit u = co]cion ( re-colonization40#fhi ,on ,novemb] #d1 #aibc1 h[ev]1 ! ,new ,york ,am]ican c>ri$ a retraction ( an attack on ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p :i* 80 pr9t$ 9 su* a way z to lead read]s to believe 444 t ! /atem5ts object$ to by ! ,he>/ pap]s 444 7 made )\t qualification40 ,! ,am]ican apologiz$ = 8inadv]t5tly0 publi%+ "p ( a discussion 9 su* a way z to di/ort 8! mean+ ( bo? p>agraphs :5 read toge!r40#fij ,z a result ( ! agitation ( ! ,he>/ newspap]s ! 8treason texts0 7 be+ revis$1 accord+ to ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9] ( ,april #bj1 #aibd4 ,among ! au?ors attempt+ to 8re-,am]icanize0 _! hi/ories 7 ,david ,s4 ,muzzey1 :o already _h made 8?ree m9c+ revisions10 ,&rew ,c4 ,mc,laughlin & ,c4 ,h4 ,van ,tyne :o h 8at la/ submitt$ to ! irresi/ible =ce ( nation-wide prote/ aga9/ treason texts & h /rik+ly rev]s$ _! views44440#fia ,h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,mill] has n conf9$ 8 activities solely to ! publication ( articles 9 ! ,he>/ newspap]s1 b has resort$ to o!r means = prea*+ 8 gospel4 ,?r\gh ! ag5cy ( an organization call$ ! ,patriot ,league = ! ,pres]vation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory he has endeavor$ to c>ry on 8 w> aga9/ ! 8,briti% propag&i/s0 & 8to purge ! public s*ools ( ! ,angliciz$ s*ool hi/ories & e/abli% 9 _! /ead textbooks t tea* ! true ,am]ican annals & inculcate ! true ,am]ican _s40#fib ,! slogan = ! ,patriot ,league is tak5 f ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address3 8,aga9/ ! insidi\s wiles ( =eign influ5ce1 ,i conjure y to believe me1 fell[ citiz5s1 ! jeal\sy ( a free p ought to be con/antly awake2 s9ce hi/ory & exp]i5ce prove t =eign influ5ce is "o ( ! mo/ baneful foes ( republican gov]nm5t40#fic ,*>ges aga9/ 8t50 ,angliciz$ s*ool hi/ories re9c>nat+ 8! _s ( ,b5$ict ,arnold0 h be5 made by ! ,patriot ,league 9 a pamphlet entitl$ 8,treason to ,am]ican ,tradition40 ,^! *>ges h be5 indors$ & ! accus$ books condemn$1 9 =mal resolutions unanim\sly adopt$ 9 _! national conv5tions by ! ,am]ican ,legion1 ! ,desc5dants ( ! ,sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 & ! ,unit$ ,spani% ,w> ,vet]ans4#fid ,! proscrib$ li/ includes books "u ! au?or%ip ( ,mat!w ,page ,&rews1 ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t1 ,john ,p4 ,o',h>a1 ,c4 ,r4 ,w>d1 ,david ,saville ,muzzey1 ,willis ,mason ,we/1 ,william ,b4 ,guitteau1 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,laughlin & ,c4 ,h4 ,van ,tyne1 ,ev]ett ,b>nes1 & ,edw9 ,gre5law4 ,! ,patriot ,league concludes t 8! h]oic hi/ory ( a nation is ! drum & fife music to :i* x m>*es10 & t 8x makes a mighty diff]5ce :e!r ,am]ica cont9ues to quick/ep to #8,yankee ,doodle' or takes to m>k+ "t to #8,god ,save ! ,k+4'0#fie ,9 comm5t+ ^u ,mr4 ,mill]'s pamphlet ,! ,new ,york ,times decl>$3 8,mr4 ,mill] attempts 9 ?is pamphlet1 ?r\gh ! quotation ( isolat$ s5t5ces & passages1 to prove t ! au?ors :om he criticiz$ h no rev]5ce = ! ,revolution>y lead]s1 prea* ! doctr9e t ! coloni/s _h no grievance aga9/ ,engl&1 suppress all ! ?rill+ /ories ( valor\s a*ievem5t on :i* our y\? us$ to be n\ri%$1 & make no use ( au?orities o!r ?an ,briti% 9 comm5t+ on ! ,revolution4 8,:at ,mr4 ,mill] does prove by all 8 toil is q diff]5t1 namely1 ! und5i$ fact t our rec5t textbooks deal+ ) ! e>ly days ( ! ,republic h be5 compil$ by m5 ^: purpose1 s f> z !y _h a purpose 9 addition to t ( supply+ accurate in=mation1 has be5 to promote fri5d%ip betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates r ?an to p]petuate _! anci5t animosities4 ,t is a crime 9 ,mr4 ,mill]'s eyes1 = he holds & av[s ! /range belief t s*ool hi/ories %\ld be diff]5t = ! *ildr5 ( diff]5t c\ntries4444 8,to argue ) an uphold] ( t grotesque !ory w\ld be worse ?an wa/e ( "t4 ,=tunately1 ,mr4 ,mill] is alone 9 hold+ x1 except1 p]haps1 = ! company ( ^? ^: hatr$ ( ,engl& is s fi]ce t = !m any /one is good en\gh to ?r[ at h]44440#fif ,,agitation ,,by ,,ca?olics ,,& ,,iri% ,a desire to combat ! t5d5cy ( rec5t textbooks to depict our relations ) ,engl& f a viewpo9t n viol5tly anti-,briti% has l$ an elem5t ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus to jo9 9 ! movem5t = expurgat+ textbooks4 ,_! *ief cause = compla9t lies 9 ! n>ration ( ev5ts ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 & 9 ,engl&'s attitude t[>d ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,joseph ,t4 ,griff91 9 a pamphlet1 ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,mu/ ,x ,be ,rewritt5 to ,pres]ve ,our ,=eign ,fri5d%ips8 regretfully rem>ks t ) ! pres5t-day pres5tation ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> 9 our hi/ories1 8x w soon require m c\rage = ,am]icans to believe ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce ?an x did = ,jeff]son to write x40#fig ,su* a condition has aris51 accord+ to ,mr4 ,griff9 because ( ! fe> ( excit+ antagonism t[>d ,great ,brita91 :]eas 8! only consid]ation :i* %\ld guide ! ,am]ican writ] ( a hi/ory text-book is :e!r ! mat]ial he is to pres5t 444 is true z to facts1 ennobl+ z to s5tim5t1 & /imulat+ to ! morale ( ! nation2 & t :ile we are eag] to pres]ve fri5dly relation%ips ) o!r nations1 we are n will+ to =ego "o iota ( our national glory or consign to oblivion any "p ( our hi/orical traditions40#fih ,! *>ge t a def9ite campaign ( ,briti% propag&a _h be5 c>efully inaugurat$1 ,edw>d ,f4 ,mc,sweeney1 "o-"t head ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus ,hi/orical ,commission1 set =? 9 a pamphlet entitl$ ,am]ica ,fir/4#fii 8,accord+ to our mod]n ,tories 9 _! propag&a ,campaign10 decl>$ ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney1 8,wa%+ton & 8 colleagues 7 wrong1 & only ! lead]s ( an ignorant1 crim9al1 & cruel mob4 ,am]ican indep5d5ce 0 only a sudd5 ?\ght1 & n ! result ( long gr[? & developm5t40 ,9 pro( ( ! conspiracy *>ge ! au?or %[$ by actual figures ! increase 9 ! area ( ! ,engli% dom9ions dur+ ! pa/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,?is expansion he ascrib$ to ! wreck+ 8( e nation t aspir$ to be h] competitor = any consid]able %>e ( ! _w's comm]ce or = equality ( political p[] among ! ,/ates ( ! _w02 = by 8intrigue1 propag&a & alliance0 ,great ,brita9 has 8de/roy$ ! comm]cial p[] ( ,spa91 ,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 ,france1 & z a result ( ! great _w-w>1 ( ,russia1 ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,g]many40 ,today1 ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney po9t$ out1 !re rema9 only two nations 8:i* are real competitors ( ,engl&--,japan & ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 ! =m] annex$ by secret treaties & alliances1 ! latt]1 9 reality1 be+ ! sole competitor4#gjj ,x 0 ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney's belief t ! fir/ ef=t ( ! pro-,briti% propag&i/s 8to und]m9e ! f\ndations ( our national life0 0 8by tamp]+ ) ! *ildr5 9 ! public s*ools02 a movem5t :i* _h 8made sub/antial progress10 = 8! hi/ory ( ! ,revolution has be5 re-writt5 to make x appe> t ! objections to a connection ) ,engl&1 s important a hundr$ ye>s ago1 h be5 to a l>ge ext5t set aside1 & t ! "t may come :5 ?r\gh "s application ( ! ,f$]al pr9ciple 444 ! ,engli%-speak+ p may come toge!r into a va/] ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! pa?ways to ^: scatt]$ p>ts %all be ! ,,subject$ seas40#gja ,?is movem5t1 he held1 _h be5 aid$ by "s ( ! great publi%+ h\ses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 cit+ ! words ( ,george ,hav5 ,putnam1 8! head ( "o ( ! l>ge/ publi%+ h\ses 9 ! c\ntry10 9 a ,f\r? ( ,july spee* made 9 ,london3 8,! feel+s & prejudices ( ,am]icans conc]n+ _! trans-,atlantic k9folk 7 %ap$ = my g5]ation z = ! boys ( e g5]ation t _h gr[n up s9ce #agge on textbooks & hi/ories t pres5t$ unhi/orical1 p>tisan & (t5 di/ort$ views ( ! hi/ory ( ! fir/ ,engli% colonies1 ( ! ev5ts ( ! ,revolution1 ( ! issue t br\ght ab\t ! w> ( #ahab-ae1 & ! grievances ( #ahfa-fe4444 ,textbooks are n[ be+ prep>$ :i* w pres5t a ju/] hi/orical acc\nt ( ev5ts ( #agge-hc1 #ahab-ae1 & #ahfa-fe4444 ,x is 9 ord] n[ to admit t ! loyali/s _h a fair cause to def5d1 & x 0 n to be wond]$ at t _m m5 ( ! m cons]vative way ( ?9k+ %\ld h conv9c$ !mselves t ! cause ( good gov]nm5t = ! colonies w\ld be bett] s]v$ by ma9ta9+ ! royal au?ority & by improv+ ! royal me?ods1 ?an by break+ away into ! all-dubi\s possibilities ( indep5d5ce40#gjb ,"s ( ! ,briti% proselytism1 ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney attribut$ to a propag&i/ campaign inaugurat$ by ,"l ,nor?cliffe1 :o left 8"o hundr$ & fifty million doll>s0 & 8t5 ?\s& ag5ts0 9 ?is c\ntry4#gjc 8,local societies %\ld be =m$ 9 e c5t] to fo/] ,briti%-,am]ican good-w1 9 close cop]ation ) an adm9i/rative committee10 ,"l ,nor?cliffe is alleg$ to h said4 8,important articles %\ld be brok5 up into m\?fuls = popul> consumption1 & booklets1 c>ds1 pamphlets1 etc41 di/ribut$ ?r\gh organiz$ *annels to ! public4 ,adv]tis+ space %\ld be tak5 9 ! press1 on ! ho>d+s1 & 9 ! /reet c>s = /eadily pres5t+ t]se1 easily read & rememb]$ m9d-compell+ phrases & easily grasp$ c>toons t ! public may subconsci\sly absorb ! fundam5tals ( a complete mutual und]/&+40 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney1 ! influ5ce ( ?is campaign is already evid5t 9 textbooks = prim>y grades 89 :i* m ?an n9ety p] c5t ( ! pupils are *ildr5 ( =eign born p>5ts1 or are !mselves =eign born40#gjd ,au?ors ( su* textbooks1 writ]s l ,ow5 ,wi/]1 ,ex-,presid5t ,taft1 ,george ,hav5 ,putnam1 ,pr(essor ,william ,l4 ,*5ey1 ,alb]t ,%aw1 ,presid5t ,judson ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ,admiral ,sims1 & o!rs are arraign$ by ,mc,sweeney & *>g$ ) un-,am]icanism4#gje ,! condemnation ( ,wi/] is bas$1 9 "p1 on 8 /atem5t t our s*ool hi/ories h be5 responsible = keep+ ,george ,,iii's memory gre51 b t 8,a movem5t to correct ! s*ool books has be5 />t$ & w g on40#gjf ,( all ! propag&i/ argum5ts set =? by ,engl& 8! mo/ dang]\s & un-,am]ican0 9 ! op9ion ( ! writ] is t ab\t 8,anglo-,saxon civilization40 8,by d9t ( it]ation & reit]ation10 decl>$ ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney1 8?is uncontradict$ falsehood has actually br\ght ab\t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! subconsci\s acceptance ( a mislead+ idea1 :i* dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s has gr[n1 until x is commonly us$1 yet nobody ev5 kn[s :at x means4444 ,! ,anglo-,saxon tradition is a pure my?4 ,to v]ify x is l look+ at midnight 9 a d>k cell> = a black cat t isn't !re40 ,nor did he believe 8! ,anglo-,saxon impulse 444 9 ! lea/ responsible = ! progress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x _h no?+ to d ) ! ,spani% 9 ,florida2 ! ,hugu5ots 9 ,virg9ia2 ! ,sw$es 9 ,delaw>e & ,new ,j]sey2 ! ,dut* 9 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 & ! ,celts 9 ,m>yl& & ,p5nsylvania40#gjg ,fur!rmore1 ?is antagoni/ ( ,great ,brita9 s\ght to controv]t "s ( ! /atem5ts :i* w\ld %[ t ,am]ican in/itutions sprang l>gely f ,engl&4 ,he cont5d$ t nev] 0 !re 8a great] falsehood0 ?an ! claim t ! ,engli% 7 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,new ,engl& t[n meet+1 = x arose f ! ,teutonic 8folk mote02 t x 0 unque/ionably true t !re is 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates sc>cely a political or legal in/itution ( ,engli% orig92 t ! doctr9e ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce t 8all m5 are creat$ equal0 0 ( ,roman n ,engli% law2 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld n get religi\s lib]ty f ,engl&1 8because religi\s lib]ty did n exi/ !re02 t popul> education1 fre$om ( ! press1 ! secret ballot1 ! va/ ma*9]y ( public *>itable1 re=matory & poor adm9i/ration 7 d]iv$ f o!r ?an ,engli% s\rces4#gjh ,) su* an exposition1 ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney arriv$ at ! conclusion t ! "p ( 8our legal sy/em :i* is consi/5t ) natural ju/ice comes f ,rome2 ! incongru\s1 absurd & unju/ features0 f ,engl&4#gji ,! place ( ! ,iri% race 9 ! mak+ ( ,am]ica1 ,mi*ael ,j4 ,o',bri51 *ief hi/oriograph] = ! ,am]ican ,iri% ,hi/orical ,society1 s\ght to e/abli% 9 ,a ,hidd5 ,phase ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,x proposes to set =? 8,irel&'s ,"p 9 ,am]ica's ,/ruggle = ,lib]ty0 & to lay b>e 8! he>t ( ! ,iri% race 9 ,irel& dur+ ! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce z beat+ 9 sympa?y ) ! revolt$ colonies 9 ,am]ica10 to n>rate ! /ory ( ,iri% contributions to ! ,revolution>y army1 & to e/abli% a place ( prem95ce = ! ,iri% 9 ! build+ ( ! ,republic4#gaj ,x runs1 9 its tw5ty-f\r *apt]s1 ! gamut ( ! hi/ory ( mo/ ( ! colonies1 depict+ ! "p play$ by ! ,iri%4 ,x is (f]$ z an antidote to ,bancr(t1 ,h5ry ,cabot ,lodge1 & o!r ,am]ican hi/orians1 & concludes its n>rative ) a *apt] on 8,am]ica's ,debt to ,irel&0 9 :i* is set =? ! plea = ,am]ican aid = ,irel& 9 h] /ruggle = indep5d5ce4#gaa ,( ?is book ! ,iri% ,_w speaks ) en?usiasm3 8,! mo/ repulsive snake 9 popul> op9ion is ! cobra1 fam\s 9 /ories ( ,ea/ ,indian life4444 ,yet a little animal ( ! f]ret type c kill him 9 a brief fight1 444 a frail b d>+ creature kn[n z ! mongoose4444 ,9 ! hi/orical ord] we h ! cobra1 ! repulsive s]p5t :o makes hi/ory a f\nta9 ( lies1 ^: fangs poison ! human race = c5turies1 ^: hi/ory ( ! s-call$ ,re=mation is ! cobra ( ! pa/ f\r c5turies4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon hi/ory ( ?is cont95t is a cobra ( ! same species4 ,x has poison$ ! life ( ! ,am]ican p4444 ,all ! ,anglo-,saxon writ]s f ,bancr(t on1 suppress$1 ridicul$ :]e !y c\ld n suppress1 mutilat$ :]e !y c\ld nei!r suppress nor ridicule1 ev]y?+ ,iri% 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,! ,univ]sities ( ,h>v>d1 ,yale & ,columbia h be5 conspicu\s 9 spread+ ! poison1 = t matt] 9 cultivat+ & int5sify+ its virul5ce1 z _! hi/orians are ! be/ illu/rations ( ! cobra's vici\sness & malignity4 ,! ,ca?olic fai? at ?is mom5t _c get a he>+ f !m4444 ,x is pleasant to ann\nce t ! mongoose has arriv$ & is already at "w4 ,8 "n is ,mi*ael ,j4 ,o',bri5 444 :o has br\ght out a book 444 call$ #8,a ,hidd5 ,phase ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4'0 ,8 fir/ battle is ) ,george ,bancr(t1 8look$ ^u z our great hi/orian1 our mo/ dignifi$1 hone/ & tru?ful writ]4444 ,saturat$ ) ! poison ( ! cobra ,george ,bancr(t c\ld no m see & tell ! tru? ab\t ! ,ca?olics & ! ,iri% ?an ,sir ,edw>d ,c>son or ,tom ,watson10 b ,o',bri5 8w kill ! ,anglo-,saxon cobra 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he is m important ?an tw5ty ca!drals & "o million orators4 ,he %\ld be provid$ ) a p5sion ( "o hundr$ doll>s a week & let loose ^u ! libr>ies & records ( ! ,anglo-,saxon44440#gab ,dur+ #aiba & #aibb ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 act+ ?r\gh an ,hi/orical ,commission1 promot$ a movem5t = orig9al /udies 9 ,am]ican hi/ory by (f]+ prizes = orig9al rese>*4 ,! purpose ( ! society 0 8to enc\rage inve/igation into ! orig9s & a*ievem5ts & ! problems ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to int]pret & p]petuate ! ,am]ican impulse1 ! impulse ( ! patriots :o f\nd$ & :o ?r\gh _! successors1 h pres]v$ ! ,republic2 to promote ,am]ican solid>ity2 & to exalt ! ,am]ican ideal40#gac ,! session ( ! ,supreme ,assembly :i* laun*$ ?is project 0 held ,may #bh1 #aiba1 at ,*icago4 ,accord+ to ,john ,h4 ,r$d91 ,supreme ,ma/]1 x 0 _! 8aim to enli/ a commission ( lead+ hi/orians ( div]se racial extraction & religi\s d5om9ations0 to prep>e tw5ty-f\r pamphlets 8cov]+ critical p]iods 9 ! nation's hi/ory2 ! matt] to be writt5 direct f orig9al s\rces10 & ! pamphlets to be di/ribut$ 89 millions ( copies to s*ools & colleges1 legislators & newspap]s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry40#gad ,! ,?irty-,n9? ,int]national ,conv5tion ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 ) tw5ty ?\s& delegates 9 att5dance1 met at ,san ,francisco on ,augu/ fir/4 ,among ! activities :i* 7 endors$ 0 ! movem5t = a 8propag&a pro(0 hi/ory at ! co/ ( "o million doll>s1#gae by :i*1 if necessity dem&$1 e t[n 9 ! c\ntry c\ld be flood$ ) pamphlets tell+ 8! true tale ( ,am]ica's great orig9 & ,am]ica's greatness0 & 8/ripp$ ( all mann] ( ,european or ,asiatic color+40#gaf ,%ortly foll[+ ?is ann\ncem5t ( ! plan ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 ,edw>d ,f4 ,mc,sweeney1 ,*airman ( ! ,hi/orical ,commission1 issu$ ! foll[+ /atem5t3 8,! ,knights ( ,columbus hi/ory movem5t aims at only "o ?+--! pres]vation ( tru? 9 ! writ+ ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,_m ( ! textbooks us$ 9 our s*ools are utt]ly unreliable on important phases ( ! nation's /ory & totally disreg>d _m c>d9al ev5ts & p]sonages4 ,! ,knights ( ,columbus oppose ! cause ( no o!r nation1 !y are simply align+ ! #hjj1jjj memb]s ( ! ord] 9 ! production & di/ribution ( a /raight-=w>d /ory1 free f propag&a ( any k9d z to ! orig9 & developm5t ( ?is c\ntry40 8,an attempt is ev5 n[ be+ made10 cont9ues ! /atem5t1 8& ,dr4 ,ni*olas ,murray ,butl]1 ,presid5t ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ann\nc$ 8 advocacy ( x rec5tly 9 ,london1 to promote ! celebration ( ! sign+ ( ! ,magna ,*>ta 9 ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries4 ,! anniv]s>y ( ! ,magna ,*>ta com+ late 9 ,june1 & be+ ! object ( ! celebration z ! basis ( lib]ty1 :i* x is n1 w\ld necess>ily eclipse our own ,indep5d5ce ,day1 :i*1 ,i believe1 is ! ultimate object ( ! movem5t4444 ,! ,knights ( ,columbus believe t ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce is an inf9itely m important & conclusive docum5t ?an ! ,magna ,*>ta40 ,"u ! compulsion ( ?is belief !y regi/]$ _! opposition to 8?is & o!r =ms ( un-,am]ican propag&a40#gag ,9 ,decemb] ! movem5t = 8,am]icaniz$0 hi/ories 0 fur!r$ at a meet+ held at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 & ! ann\ncem5t 0 aga9 made t ! ,knights ( ,columbus w\ld (f] #gejj 9 prizes = monographs 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! fir/ prize to be #cjjj4gah ,accord+ to ,columbia1 ! organ ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 _! hi/ory program 0 attack$ ) 8virul5ce0 by 8c]ta9 organizations1 d$icat$ to creat+ bett] ,anglo-,am]ican relations40 ,?us1 f ! ,loyal ,coalition ( ,bo/on emanat$ ! foll[+ prote/3 8,! obvi\s int5tion ( a c]ta9 gr\p1 ) ! approval ( ! ,fr5* ambassador1 to rewrite ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is an issue ( ! h\r4 ,our :ole educational sy/em is s]i\sly m5ac$ because ( ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 in/ructors :o react to ali5s ( hyph5at$ influ5ce40#gai ,! ,briti%-,am]ican ,association also %[$ _! opposition by (f]+ 8a prize to be kn[n z ! ,john ,adams ,gold ,m$al = ! essay be/ sett+ =? ! mo/ in/ances ( ! fri5d%ip ( ,great ,brita9 t[>d ,am]ica f #afjj to #aibj40 ,?is ho/ility 0 cle>ly evid5t to ! ,knights 9 ! /atem5t ( ! organization3 8,to (fset ! "w ( ! ,f\r? ,degree ,knights ( ,columbus ,hi/orical ,commission1 ^: ,*airman1 ,edw>d ,f4 ,mc,sweeney1 has decl>$ t ! ,engli% p1 s f> z !y _h any voice1 7 sub/antially unanim\s 9 _! attitude1 oppos+ ! aspirations ( ! ,coloni/s = fre$om & back$ up by ! ,k+ & ,p>liam5t 9 cont9u+ ! fight = ,colonial ,lib]ty40#gbj ,yet n all ,ca?olics gave unqualifi$ endorsem5t to ! ,commission's activities4 ,janu>y #a1 #aibd1 ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney's *airman%ip ceas$4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u ! *ang$ p]sonnel ( ! ,commission1 ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 a ,roman ,ca?olic p]iodical1 express$ ! hope t reorganization w\ld 8result 9 a m economical programme & "o t w really advance ! cause ( hi/ory40#gba 8,! organization ( ?is ,commission 9 ! fir/ place 0 a mo/ extraord9>y proc$ure10 /at$ ! ,review4 8,a man ^: "w & tra9+ _h nev] be5 9 ! field ( hi/ory1 0 *os5 be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,commission 7 select$1 & 0 giv5 a sal>y t am\nt$ to m ?an twice ! pay ( a full pr(essor ( hi/ory 9 our l>g] univ]sities6#gbb ,:5 ! p]sonnel ( ! ,commission 0 ann\nc$1 x 0 f\nd to conta9 ! "n ( b "o pr(essional hi/orian4444#gbc ,un=tunately1 ! e>ly /atem5ts appe>+ "u ! impr9t ( ! ,commission1 "s utt]ances ( ! ,*airman1 & "s articles publi%$ 9 ,columbia1 7 n calculat$ to remove ! exi/+ impression t ! ,commission _h no con/ructive programme1 444 & t ! ,*airman at lea/ 0 will+ to foll[ #8! hi/orical exp]t' ( ! ,he>/ syndicate 9 ! unju/1 unfair1 unm]it$1 & uncall$ = attack on c]ta9 hi/ory textbooks40#gbd ,9 ! c\rse ( sett+ =? _! argum5ts ! pro-,iri% criticiz$ c]ta9 textbooks 9 common use 9 ! public s*ools4 ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 attack$ because x 8attempts to %[ t ! ,am]ican ,revolution 0 n ju/ifi$0 by ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 8,!y ! coloni/s 7 z well (f z any o!r p 9 ! _w4 ,!y 7 n desp]ately oppress$10#gbe & 8!y enjoy$ m fre$om & self-gov]nm5t ?an ! p 9 ,engl&40#gbf ,& aga91 8,?\s&s ( good p s9c]ely lov$ ,great ,brita9 & 7 loyal to ,k+ ,george4 ,! loyali/s 7 h>%ly put d[n40#gbg ,h>t1 moreov]1 includes /atem5ts ^: effect may be 8unque/ionably bad0 ^u 8! impressionable m9ds ( ! "y10 accord+ to "o critic4#gbh ,x 0 also held t ! 8,national _s0 ( ! pupils w suff] inevitably f su* expressions ( a 8propag&a ( palliation0 z appe> 9 ,mc,laughlin's ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,nation4 8,& all ?is means t :ile we speak1 we %all probably always speak1 ( ! /ruggle betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 ! w> t ensu$ _h _m ( ! features & _m ( ! deplorable effects ( a civil w>40 ,besides1 an attempt to abase ! motives ( ! ,revolution>y patriots 0 pla9ly evid5t to objectors 9 ! ass]tion t 8,trivial (f5ses on ! "p ( gov]nm5ts _c ju/ify revolution4 ,only oppression & s]i\s dang] c ju/ify w>4 ,x _c be said t ! ,colonies _h actually suff]$ mu*4 ,x might be ev5 se5 t ! "m c\ntry 0 n at all tyrannical 9 tax+ ! ,colonies to pay = def5d+ !m1 & beyond "q ,george ,,iii & 8 pliant m9i/]s _h no int]e/ 9 treat+ ! ,colonies ) cruelty40#gbi ,ev]ett ,b>nes1 too1 0 f\nd culpable 9 assum+ an 8apologetic attitude0 t[>d ! ,revolution 9 8 /atem5t3 8,! disputes t br\ght ab\t ! ,w> 7 n betwe5 ! ,coloni/s & all ! ,engli% at home4 ,!y 7 r betwe5 ! ,tories & ! ,:igs on bo? sides ( ! sea1 neighbor aga9/ neighbor4 ,_h ! great ,:ig p>ty 9 ,engl& be5 9 p[] ) ,edmund ,burke z its lead]1 x w\ld h *eck$ ! ,k+ 9 8 fooli% c\rse4444 ,_h !re be5 no w>1 ?is great c\ntry w\ld probably n[ be a great bran* ( ! ,briti% ,empire40#gcj ,ano!r occasion = grievance 0 discov]$ 9 tea*+ t ! ,w> ( #ahab 0 8a mi/ake10 & 8a case 9 :i* righte\s ang] ov]came judgm5t10 :51 9 reality1 8! ev5ts :i* prec$$ ! decl>ation ( w> 7 inf9itely m humiliat+ to ! "y nation ?an ^? :i* caus$ u to ent] ! ,_w ,w>40#gca ,:5 8,faneuil ,hall1 ! cradle ( lib]ty10 ,na?an ,hale1 ! ,sw$es ( ,new ,j]sey & ,delaw>e1 ! ,dut* ( ,new ,york1 ! ,g]mans ( ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,fr5* ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! ,iri% bo? ,nor? & ,s\? are n m5tion$ z a "p ( ! ,revolution or are practically ignor$ 9 ! /ruggle = ,am]ican indep5d5ce1 ! w\ld-be revisioni/s feel !re is j cause = remon/rance4#gcb ,!re=e1 ! ,iri% 8solemnly prote/0 at 8! dilut$ hi/orical fluid s]v$ by ,b>nes1 ,van ,tyne1 ,mc,laughlin1 ,h>t1 & o!rs10#gcc = 8,am]icans are n yet ready to accept a ,k+40#gcd ,,g]man-,,am]ican ,,agitation ,( simil> purport has be5 ! movem5t to disp>age 8d5atur$0 hi/ories in/itut$ by ! ,/eub5 ,society1 ! successor ( ! ,g]man-,am]ican ,alliance4 ,?is organization has tak5 its "n f 8! man t =g$ ! tool :i* ov]?rew ,briti% tyranny40 ,its av[$ purpose is to battle aga9/ 8! s9i/] ef=ts t ?reat5 to p]v]t hi/orical tru? & indep5d5ce ( ?\ght 9 ?is fair c\ntry ( ours40#gce ,! memb]%ip is compos$ ( m5 & wom5 ( ! ,g]man race :o are citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 exclud+ ^? :o 7 8%ift]s & trimm]s dur+ ! ,w>10 & 8:o are kn[n to possess no race pride40#gcf ,! *ief m$ium = ! dissem9ation ( in=mation is ! ,s4 ,s4 ,bullet94 ,an article appe>+ 9 ! issue ( ,febru>y #ae1 #aibb1 set =? ! attitude ( ! ,/eub5ites t[>d hi/ory textbooks1 & ackn[l$g$ ! indebt$ness ( ! ,society to ! ,he>/ newspap]s = expos+ 8! conspiracy secretly to alt] ,unit$ ,/ates s*ool hi/ories1 s z to promote a ,briti%-,am]ican union40#gcg ,9 comm5t+ ^u ! *>ge t s*ool hi/ories 7 be+ edit$ by ,briti% propag&i/s1 ! ,bullet9 po9t$ out t 8! public s*ool is ! f\nta9 head ( future citiz5%ip4 ,hi/ory tea*+ is ! *ief s\rce ( patriotic _s & purpose4444 ,a nation's hi/ory is to its own p an ess5tial =ce = national pride1 morale & solid>ity40#gch ,mu* ( ! irritation ( ! ,g]mans t[>d 8de-,am]icaniz$0 hi/ories arose f ! same s\rce f :i* sprang ! dissatisfaction ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus4 ,_! *ief causes = compla9t lay 9 ! 8defamation0 ( ! nation's 8h]oic *>act]s10 ! 8misrepres5tation0 ( 8! j causes ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution0 & ( 8! basic pr9ciples ( ! ,republic10 besides 8innum]able inspir+ episodes 9 our hi/ory be+ belittl$ or entirely omitt$0 because ( 8! pr(ess$ int]e/ ( ,anglo-,am]ican amity40#gci 8,e true ,am]ican10 ass]t$ ! ,/eub5ites1 8naturally res5ts & resi/s ! tea*+s 9 ^! books to our *ildr5 t #8! ,presid5t ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress & fir/ sign] ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 a smuggl]1 ) no o!r m5tion ( ,hancock f cov] to cov]1' t ,jeff]son 0 #8des]v+ ( a halt]1' & t ,hamilton decl>$ t #8! p are a great bea/4'0#gdj ,& al?\gh 8n9e revisioni/s give n9e diff]5t sets ( causes = ! ,am]ican ,revolution10 :i* are mutually contradictory & contr>y to ! causes /at$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 yet ! ,decl>ation cont9ues to be 8immortal0 & 8gives ! lie to all ^! angliciz$ revisions40#gda ,9 addition to ! 8emasculation0 ( _m intr9sically ess5tial hi/orical 8tru?s10 ! pro-,g]man controv]siali/s f\nd cause = compla9t 9 8! attempt to envelop ! ,am]ica ( today 9 ! my? ( ,anglo-,saxon orig9 & k9%ip40 ,su* a proc$ure 8wrongs ! colonial ,g]mans & ,dut* ( ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york1 ! ,sw$es ( ,new ,j]sey & ,m>yl&1 ! ,fr5* ,hugu5ots ( ,c>ol9a1 ! ,iri% ( all ! colonies1 & ! ,jews f e clime40#gdb ,a confession ( k9%ip ( int]e/ ) ! ,knights ( ,columbus movem5t is freely made 9 ! acceptance ( quotations demon/rat+ ! 8baleful propag&a40#gdc ,! ,g]man-,am]icans are "o ) ! ,iri%-,am]icans 9 _! feel+ ( humiliation at ! ?\ght ( hav+ 8! hi/ory ( our national life = "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r ye>s decl>$ a =g]y10 & 9 see+ 8x rewritt5 at ! dictation ( ! *ampions ( a =eign p[] :o repudiates ! /& ( _! =efa!rs40#gdd ,x is precisely su* a s5tim5t t influ5c$ ! ,am]ican ,turn]-,bund1 =m]ly ! ,am]ican ,gymna/ic ,union & made up ( ,g]mans1 at _! annual conv5tion 9 ,june1 #aibc1 to endorse ! movem5t ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1--a movem5t inaugurat$ 8to revise hi/ory textbooks1 444 ) a view to elim9at+ or correct+ alleg$ di/ortion ( facts40#gde ,! resolution ( ! ,turn]-,bund alleg$ t 8_m textbooks n[ 9 use conta9 di/9ctly pro-,fr5* & pro-,briti% /atem5ts1 neglect+ ?r\gh\t ,am]ican hi/ory ! "w ( ! ,g]man p 9 its developm5t40#gdf ,! resolution fur!r c>ri$ ! indictm5t ( a s*ool hi/ory :i* /ates t 8,alsace-,lorra9e 0 /ol5 9 #ahga f ,france by ,g]many10 :]eas1 x 0 ass]t$1 8,france /ole x f ,g]many two hundr$ ye>s be=e40#gdg ,besides ! ef=t ( ! ,g]man-,am]icans 8to put a /op to ! prevail+ t5d5cy to misuse our public s*ools = und]m9+ ,am]ican s5tim5t 9 favor ( ,briti% colonialism10 ! ,/eub5 ,society av[$ z "o ( its purposes ! desire to 8fo/] 9 ,am]ican *ildr5 ( ,g]man blood a prop] pride ( ance/ry z a necess>y basis ( true ,am]ican patriotism40#gdh ,su* is ! int5t ( ,fr$]ick ,frankl9 ,s*rad] 9 8 book 8#afhc-aibj40 ,8 purpose is made cle> by ! foll[+ /atem5t f\nd 9 ! preface3 8,a blanket indictm5t has be5 f\nd aga9/ a :ole race4 ,t race comprises upw>d ( #be p] c5t ( ! ,am]ican p & has be5 a /alw>t factor 9 ,am]ican life s9ce ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is indictm5t has be5 f\nd$ ^u ta9t$ evid5ce4 ,z is %[n 9 ! foll[+ pages1 a widespread propag&a has be51 & is /ill1 at "w to s[ ! se$s ( discord & s$ition 9 ord] to reconcile u to a pre-,revolution>y political condition4 ,?is propag&a has invad$ our public s*ools1 & _c be m effectively combatt$ ?an by education40 ,! ass]tion t a *>ge ( 8,g]man propag&a has no t]rors = ! au?or10 is also includ$ 9 ! preface1 = 8/atem5ts ( fact may be controv]t$2 !y _c be disprov$ by an ,espionage ,act1 h[ev] repugnant _! tell+ may s\nd to ! /agnant bra9s ( ^? :o h be5 un9t]rupt$ly happy because !y 7 sp>$ ! labori\s process ( ?9k+ = !mselves ?r\gh\t ! w>1 or t no inconsid]able ho/ :i* d]ives pleasure & pr(it f keep+ alive ! hope ( "o day see+ _! c\ntry re9corporat$ ) #8! "m c\ntry'--! "m c\ntry ( #cj p] c5t ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,x is to ar\se ! patriotic consci\sness ( a "p ( ! rema9+ #gj p] c5t t ?is compilation ( political & hi/orical data has be5 und]tak540#gdi ,to insure ?is 8prop] pride ( ance/ry0 x is ! op9ion ( ! au?or t !re %\ld be giv5 great] publicity to ,g]man contributions 9 ! mak+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,among ^! contributions1 ! ,g]mans w\ld h x a matt] ( m g5]al k t ! fir/ iron works 9 ?is c\ntry 7 e/abli%$ by a ,g]man 7,?omas ,reut] 9 #agaf72 t ! fir/ ,am]ican-pr9t$ ,bible 0 pr9t$ by a ,g]man 7,*ri/oph] ,sau] 9 #agdc72 t ! fir/ pap] to pr9t ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 9 ,am]ica 0 ! ,p5nsylvania ,/aatsbot5 ( ,july #e1 #aggf2 t x 0 ! ,g]mans :o fir/ call$ ,wa%+ton 8! fa!r ( 8 c\ntry02 t ,g5]al ,h]kim] ( ,oriskany 0 ( ,g]man extraction2 t ,/eub5 =mulat$ ! pr9ciples & regulations t gov]n$ ! ,am]ican army :5 x 0 creat$2 t ,g]mans h contribut$ valuable inv5tions2 t ,l9coln 0 ( ,g]man desc5t2 t ,molly ,pit*] 0 a ,g]man2 & t ( ! ideals ( lib]ty & ( education ! ,g]mans 7 conspicu\s creators4#gej ,nor w\ld ! ,g]mans h ! ,am]icans =get su* incid5ts z ! sav+ by ,g]mans ( ,am]ican refugees f a 8blood?ir/y mob ( ,mexicans at ! ,s\!rn ,hotel1 ,tampico1 ,mexico10 ?r\gh _! aid 9 #aiad1gea ! help ( ,g]mans 9 hold+ ,=t ,mc,henry 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1geb & t 8! ,g]man elem5t furni%$ ne>ly #bjj1jjj m51 natives ( ,g]many0 = ! ,nor!rn army 9 ! ,civil ,w>4#gec ,,! ,,c5sor%ip ,,( ,,patriotic ,,gr\ps1 ,,frat]nal ,,organizations ,,& ,,o!rs ,o!r ag5cies ?an ! ,he>/ newspap]s & ^? gr\ps unit$ by religi\s & racial bonds h int]e/$ !mselves 9 attack+ ! hi/ories us$ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,mo/ active among ^! c5sors are v>i\s patriotic organizations & individuals1 notably newspap] editors4 ,?r\gh su* =ces _m inve/igations ( textbooks h be5 und]tak51 result+1 at times1 9 ! exclusion ( ! books "u criticism f ! public s*ools4 ,dur+ ! ,_w ,w>1 ,european hi/ory textbooks bore ! brunt ( attack4 ,discussions t5d+ to be/[ praise ^u ! ,c5tral ,p[]s1 or 9 any way to disp>age ! in/itutions or pr[ess ( ! ,allies1 7 deem$ disloyal to ! cause 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 engag$4 ,n only 7 hi/ory textbooks condemn$ b also textbooks 9 =eign language1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,g]man4 ,! same _s %[$ itself 9 _m av5ues ?r\gh :i* public op9ion c\ld be affect$4 ,?us a f$]al judge enjo9$ ! production ( 8,! ,_s ( '#gf10 a film depict+ ! ,wyom+ ,massacre & ,paul ,rev]e's ride1 because x t5d$ 8to make u a little bit slack 9 our loyalty to ,great ,brita9 9 ?is great em]g5cy40#ged ,to ^? :o fe>$ a dilut$ ,am]icanism1 x seem$ q app>5t t s9i/] =ces 7 abroad1 & 9 ! attacks made ^u au?ors ( hi/ory textbooks1 x 0 frequ5tly *>g$ t ! prep>ation ( s*ool hi/ories 0 9 ! h&s ( ,g]man paid ag5ts4 ,inde$1 ! activities ( pro-,g]man =ces to control ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks1 x 0 alleg$1 _h be5 op]at+ = "s "t1 & s9ce #aiae _h be5 direct$ by ,dr4 ,d]nburg1 "u :om def9itely made plans _h be5 p]fect$4#gee ,?is conclusion 0 rea*$ by ! skeptical :5 to "o ( 8 ag5ts 0 attribut$ ?is /atem5t3 8,! ,am]icans d n love ! ,briti%1 & !y are incl9$ to l ! ,g]mans4 ,by controll+ ! prep>ation ( s*ool hi/ories1 we c beg9 to make ,am]icans f ! "t !y are *ildr5 see ! ,g]man po9t ( view40#gef ,among ! organizations :i* fe>$ ! inculcation ( disloyalty ?r\gh a /udy ( hi/ory z commonly writt5 0 ! ,fa!rs ( ,soldi]s & ,sailors ,league4 ,x 0 ?r\gh _! influ5ce t ! ,james ,h>vey ,rob9son hi/ories 7 exclud$ f ! s*ools ( ,des ,mo9es1 ,i[a1 because ( ! /atem5t reg>d+ ,g]many conta9$ 9 ^! books4#geg ,among ! objections rais$ aga9/ ,rob9son's ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,times 7 ! *>act]ization ( ! ,g]man gov]nm5t1 ! failure to fix ! responsibility ^u ,g]many = br++ ab\t ! ,_w ,w>1 & ! discussion ( ! violation ( 8all laws ( humanity z well z ( int]national law0 by ,g]many4 ,9 addition to criticisms direct$ aga9/ ! #aiaf edition ( ?is book1 ! ,des ,mo9es objectors felt t !re 0 a pro-,g]man bias evid5t 9 ! #aiah ,supplem5t 9 su* a /atem5t z ! foll[+3 8,s :ile ,g]many 0 able1 z we %all see1 to conqu] important portions ( ,c5tral ,europe z ! w> proce$$1 %e lo/ all h] colonies4 ,! "q :e!r %e is to h !m back or n w be "o ( ! great problems to adju/ at ! end ( ! w>40#geh ,! same organization id5tifi$ itself ) a movem5t 9 ,cali=nia to inve/igate ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks4 ,9 ,july1 #aiah1 ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education direct$ t all textbooks 9 ,am]ican & ,european hi/ory appe>+ ^u ! (ficial li/ ( high s*ool textbooks be submitt$ to a committee ( exp]t hi/orians = review1 to det]m9e :e!r su* textbooks 7 objectionable on ! gr\nd ( be+ pro-,g]man or conta9+ matt] :i* might be (f5sive to ! ,am]ican allies 9 ! ,_w ,w>4 ,on ,septemb] #ah1 ! committee report$1 & ! foll[+ books 7 /rick5 f ! (ficial li/3 ,bots=d1 ,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 ,my]s1 ,m$iaeval & ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 & ,my]s1 ,g5]al ,hi/ory4 ,rob9son's ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,times1 edition ( #aiaf1 0 also elim9at$ f ! (ficial li/1 b ! edition ) ! supplem5t ( #aiah 0 sub/itut$ ^u condition t ! publi%]s make c]ta9 *anges 9 ! revis$ edition4 ,rob9son & ,be>d1 ,outl9es ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,"p ,,ii1 0 bann$ until a specifi$ revision %\ld take place4 ,( ! books exam9$1 ! committee f\nd no important objections to ,&rews1 ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,a%ley1 ,e>ly ,european ,civilization1 ,*eyney1 ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,h>d+1 ,new ,m$iaeval & ,mod]n ,hi/ory 7edition ( #aiah71 ,rob9son & ,brea/$1 ,outl9es ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,"p ,i1 ,web/]1 ,e>ly ,european ,hi/ory1 & ,we/1 ,mod]n ,_w4 ,! committee r5d]$ decisions aga9/ ! ,my]s hi/ories because !y repres5t$ a viewpo9t oppos$ to t ( ! "t4 ,bots=d's textbook 0 f\nd objectionable because x 0 8favorable to ! acts ( ,g]many & critical to an unju/ degree ( ! acts ( ! 444 alli$ nations10 & because x pres5t$ ! causes ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 a 8bald =m40#gei ,o!r places1 actuat$ by simil> s5tim5ts1 int]e/$ !mselves 9 ! "* ( hi/ory in/ruction4 ,seattle1 ,wa%+ton1 became ! c5t] ( a controv]sy betwe5 ! s*ool sup]9t5d5t & ! tea*]s on ! "o h&1 & two ( ! s*ool directors on ! o!r1 reg>d+ ,rob9son & ,be>d's ,outl9es ( ,european ,hi/ory4#gfj ,z a result ( ! discussion1 ! book 0 ?r[n out ( ! ,seattle s*ools until ! expurgation & revision %\ld occur4#gfa ,9 ,montana1 ! ,/ate ,c\ncil ( ,def5se ord]$ ! )drawal ( ,we/'s ,anci5t ,_w f circulation 9 all public & s*ool libr>ies1 because !y object$1 among o!r ?+s1 to an introductory /atem5t t 8! settlem5t ( ! ,teutonic tribes 0 n m]ely ! introduction ( a new set ( ideas & in/itutions 444 x 0 also ! introduction ( fre% blood & y\?ful m9ds--! muscle & bra9 :i* 9 ! future 7 to d ! l>g] %>e ( ! _w's "w40#gfb ,due to ! same po9t ( view & "u ! same compulsion1 ! ,commission] ( ,education ( ,rhode ,isl& 9 #aiah und]took an inve/igation ( ! textbooks 9 use 9 t /ate1 & f\nd objectionable 8v>i\s text-books design$ = six? grade hi/ory accord+ to ! report ( ! committee ( eight40 ,9 a l>ge numb] ( books 7 f\nd 444 8v>i\s ref]5ces to ! ,g]mans :i*1 9 ! light ( rec5t developm5ts1 are to be reg>d$ z incorrect or exagg]at$ /atem5ts44440 ,& x 0 consid]$ 8objectionable to place be=e ! *ildr5 ( ,am]ica /atem5ts :i* are1 or :i* w appe> to !m to be1 laudatory ( ! p ) :om we are at w> or adv]sely critical ( our own p40#gfc ,! use ( hi/ories consid]$ 8(f5sive0 0 also discont9u$ 9 ! /ates ( ,arizona1 ,i[a1 ,ohio1 & ,oklahoma1 ei!r ?r\gh ! action ( ! (fice ( ! /ate sup]9t5d5t or "s o!r (ficial4#gfd ,d\btless 9 o!r /ates ! action ( local bo>ds br\ght ab\t ! same result4 ,new textbooks1 syllabi & o!r tea*+ aids appe>$4 ,sup]9t5d5t ,william ,l4 ,ett+] ( ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools1 = example1 9 #aiah issu$ a syllabus on ! ,w> design$ to aid tea*]s 9 8imp>t+ a correct intellectual und]/&+ ( ! causes1 ev5ts & issues ( ! w>10 z well z to help !m 9 inspir+ 8! pupils ) a love = ! ideals & an appreciation ( ! sacrifices ( our c\ntry40 ,=1 he held t 8! ,am]ican ,army ( ! future1 bo? m5 & wom51 are 9 our s*ools today40 ,dr4 ,ett+]'s lett] to ! ,pr9cipals ( ,high ,s*ools decl>$ t 8,hi/ory %\ld be taught s t a deep emotional appeal0 %\ld be made 9 all topics2 t 8a la/+ effect0 c\ld 8be produc$ on ! ideals1 purposes & emotions ( ! *ild only by ar\s+ deep feel+ 9 connection ) ! pres5tation ( ! subject matt]40 ,9 ! ev5t ( add+ new mat]ial z ! ,w> progress$1 x 0 requir$ t 8all su* mat]ial 444 be approv$ by ! ,pr9cipal ( ! ,s*ool be=e 444 us$ 9 ! classroom40#gfe ,z 9 all books :i* 7 meet+ ! popul> dem& ( ! "t1 ! ,syllabus made ,g]many 8! only c\ntry 9 ! _w t 0 prep>$ & anxi\s = w>0 because ( h] autocratic gov]nm5t1 ! "* ( ! ,kais]1 milit>ism & navalism1 ,g]many's desire = _w dom9ation1 & ! insidi\s inculcation ( loyalty 9 ! ,g]man p ?r\gh ! ,prussian sy/em ( education4 ,! insi/5ce ( ! ,am]ican p t hi/ories 9 ! s*ools %\ld n be 9 any degree 8laudatory0 ( ! enemy peoples nor 8unfavorable0 to our allies 9 arms l$ to ! revision ( _m textbooks aft] ,april1 #aiag4 ,s9ce #aibc ^! revisions1 9 turn1 h be5 criticiz$ 9 ! light ( rec5tly publi%$ docum5ts relat+ to ! orig9 ( ! ,w>4 ,al?\gh ! "q ( w> guilt is /ill held by _m hi/orians z debatable1 x is po9t$ out 9 ,! ,freeman = ,june1 #aibc1 t probably 8*ildr5 h already be5 indoctr9at$ ) a !ory t leaves no excuse = unc]ta9ty1 no op5+ = new evid5ce & no /imulus to free ?\ght40#gff ,) ?is condition 9 m9d1 critics h assembl$ _! argum5ts aga9/ c]ta9 textbooks 9 ,european hi/ory f\nd 9 ! public s*ools4 ,because x made ,g]many prim>ily responsible = ! ,_w ,w> objection 0 rais$ to ,! ,/ory ( ,human ,progress by ,willis ,mason ,we/1 an au?or b a %ort "t be=e criticiz$ = pro-,g]manism4#gfg ,roscoe ,lewis ,a%ley is *all5g$ = say+ 9 8 ,mod]n ,european ,civilization t 8,g]many want$ w> & det]m9$ to rule or ru9 444 & a w> :i* 9 ! true s5se _h be5 made #89 ,g]many' 0 a reality02 :ile ,web/]1 9 8 ,mod]n ,european ,hi/ory1 is criticiz$ = ! /atem5t t 8,!re is no long] any ne$ to fix ! responsibility = ! ,_w ,w>4 ,t ! ,g]man gov]nm5t plann$ x & precipitat$ x has be5 made evid5t by ! av[al ( ! ,g]mans !mselves40#gfh ,! int]pretation plac$ ^u ! causes lead+ to ! ,w> by ,*>les ,d[n] ,haz5 9 8 ,mod]n ,europe has likewise be5 condemn$4 ,= ,haz5 8summ>izes ! case z foll[s3 #8,! _w 0 /unn$ by ! crim9al levity ) :i* ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,g]many _h creat$ ?is hide\s situation4 ,! s9i/] & brutal *all5ge 01 h[ev]1 accept$ imm$iately & ) iron resolution by ^? :o _h done _! utmo/ dur+ ^? twelve days to av]t ! cata/rophe4'0#gfi ,a criticism by ,pr(essor ,h>ry ,e4 ,b>nes direct$ = ! same reason at ! textbooks ( ?is au?or provok$ a spirit$ ex*ange ( op9ion 9 ! spr+ ( #aibd4 ,pr(essor ,haz5 upheld 8 int]pretation z to ,g]many's guilt1 :ile ,pr(essor ,b>nes ass]t$ t su* a po9t ( view 0 unt5able 9 ! light ( (ficial docum5ts made kn[n s9ce ! ,w>4#ggj ,o!r writ]s ( ,european hi/ories us$ 9 ! s*ools h n escap$4 ,accord+ to ,! ,freeman1 ,rob9son & ,be>d1 9 _! ,hi/ory ( ,europe ,our ,own ,times1 seem to h be5 8m or less tak50 ) ! plan ( leav+ ! 8read]s to draw _! own conclusions0 9 _! *apt] on ! orig9 ( ! ,w>4 ,disapproval arose out ( ! /atem5t t 8! ass]tions ( ! ,g]man lead]s t ,engl& desir$ w> & 0 responsible = x are1 ( c\rse1 z ! re/ ( ! _w kn[s1 :olly )\t f\ndation 9 fact10 & because ( ! quotation f ,pr9ce ,li*n[sky indict+ ,g]many4#gga ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 by ,hayes & ,moon1 is giv5 a clean bill ( heal? because ( its treatm5t ( ?is controv]sial subject4 ,! critic1 h[ev]1 po9t$ out1 9 fairness to ! o!r writ]s criticiz$1 t 89 ! int]val t has elaps$ s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! o!r texts 4441 c]ta9 new items ( evid5ce _h be5 br\ght =w>d & ! g5]al w>-fev] _h abat$ some:at4 ,! au?ors ( ! new book !re=e enjoy$ c]ta9 special advantages1 :i* help1 no d\bt1 to expla9 ! novel tone44440#ggb ,n only has ! treatm5t ( ! orig9 ( ! ,w> be5 a s\rce ( criticism b also ! div]g5t po9ts ( view reg>d+ ,g]man atrocities1 rep>ations & ! ,treaty ( ,v]sailles4 ,on ^! po9ts ,pr(essor ,donald ,taft 9 8 /udy 8,hi/orical ,textbooks & ,int]national ,diff]5ces0 has decl>$ t ,am]ican pupils are taught f two k9ds ( textbooks1 "o gr\p be+ 8bitt]ly anti-,g]man0 & ! o!r attempt+ a fairness ( judgm5t4 ,( ?is he cites ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates & ,long's ,am]ica z examples4#ggc ,mu* ! same po9t ( view is held by ,isabel ,k5dig-,gill 9 a pamphlet 8,w> & ,peace 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,text-,books10 9 :i*1 9 addition1 %e decl>es t 8n[h]e is !re any fundam5tal analysis ei!r ( ! political & economic situation out ( :i* ! w> grew or ( its spiritual & moral co/s to ! _w40#ggd ,foll[+ ! close ( ! ,_w ,w>1 ! place ( prom95ce held by ! hi/ories ( ,europe 9 ! critic's eye 0 eclips$ by ,am]ican hi/ories4 ,a desire to depict ev5ts favorable to ! ,allies 0 sup]s$$ by ! appreh5sion t su* a n>rative w\ld prove ! undo+ ( ,am]ican patriotism4 ,?is appreh5sion 0 m+l$ 9 ! m9ds ( _m ) ! fe> t ! solid pill>s ( society 7 be+ ?reat5$ ) radicalism & socialism4 ,9 ?is _s1 = example1 attacks on hi/ory textbooks 7 inaugurat$ by ! editor ( ,! ,daily ,c\ri] ( ,ottumwa1 ,i[a4 ,on ,m>* #b1 #aiai1 "u ! caption1 8,get a ,new ,hi/ory10 appe>$ an editorial attack+ ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory because ( its 8sociali/ic tr5d0 & its treatm5t ( ! p]iod s9ce ! ,civil ,w>4#gge ,two ye>s lat]1 due to ! en]gy ( ! editor ( ! ,ottumwa ,daily ,c\ri]1 ,gov]nor ,nate ,k5dall ( ,i[a 0 ask$ by ! jo9t committee on ,am]icanism ( v>i\s patriotic & civic organizations to appo9t a commission 8to inve/igate anti-,am]ican & radical tea*+ 9 /ate own$ in/itutions & ! public s*ools40 ,! action ( ! committee 0 prompt$ by ! in=mation 8t !re 7 good reasons to believe t "s ( ! textbooks on ,am]ican ,hi/ory us$ 9 our s*ools 7 want+ 9 national & patriotic _s & s5tim5t2 t !y fail$ to in/il devotion to ,am]ican ideals1 & passed ov] lightly ev5ts 9 ,am]ican hi/ory :i* %\ld 444 /imulate pride ( c\ntry1 patriotism & devotion to our in/itutions40#ggf ,no action 0 tak5 by ! ,gov]nor4 ,"o ( ! mo/ active organizations 9 ! pres5t-day movem5t to remodel ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks has be5 ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,9 #aiag at ! in/igation ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,national ,society an exam9ation ( ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory 0 und]tak5 by ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant1 lat] presid5t-g5]al ( ?is organization4 ,8 v]dict 0 unfavorable2 & z a result ! book 0 exclud$ f ! public s*ools ( ,portl&1 ,oregon1 & ,evan/on1 ,ill9ois4 ,al?\gh a revis$ edition lat] appe>$1 ?is critic /ill believ$ ,muzzey a 8political p>tisan0 & 8 hi/ory unsuitable = use 9 ! public s*ools4#ggg ,"o ( ! mo/ 8griev\s faults0 :i* ,muzzey committ$1 9 ! op9ion ( ,judge ,mc,camant1 0 9 8 discussion ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 :]e9 he spoke 8contemptu\sly ( ,hancock1 ,w>r51 ,otis & ! ,adamses0 9 call+ !m 8patriots0 ) quotation m>ks atta*$ to ! ^w4#ggh ,he 0 held equally culpable because ! ,revolution>y dispute is said to h involv$ 8a debatable "q10 a /atem5t1 :i*1 9 ! critic's m9d1 %\ld disqualify him f writ+ a s*ool hi/ory4#ggi ,yet a read+ ( ! /atem5t 9 its context conveys a diff]5t mean+ f t sugge/$ by ,judge ,mc,camant1 = ,muzzey decl>es3 8,until ! ,decl>ation 0 publi%$ ! ,tories & ,loyali/s1 ( :om !re 7 t5s ( ?\s&s 9 ! ,am]ican colonies1 7 *ampions ( "o side ( a debatable "q1 namely1 :e!r ! abuses ( ! ,k+'s m9i/]s ju/ifi$ resi/ance2 b aft] ! ,decl>ation loyalty to ! ,k+ ( ,great ,brita9 became treason to _! c\ntry40 ,! review] f\nd o!r griev\s faults 9 t 8! au?or contemptu\sly ref]s to ! spee*es & pap]s ( ,h5ry & ! ,adamses z #8_! rhetorical w>n+s' aga9/ be+ #8r$uc$ to slav]y'02 t only "o s5t5ce is devot$ to ,bunk] ,hill2 t !re is 8no m5tion ( ! dea? ( ,joseph ,w>r502 t !re is 8no ref]5ce to ! gallantry ) :i* ! ,am]icans def5d$ ! rail f5ce & ! r$\bt02 & only a brief m5tion ( ,lex+ton & ,ticond]oga4 8,aside f f\r s5t5ces10 only 8sev5 pages0 are devot$ 8to ! ,revolution>y ,w>10 :5 ! 8/ud5ts 9 our public s*ools %\ld be taught t our free in/itutions 7 won by h]oism & sacrifice40#ghj ,o!r omissions ( 8ess5tial0 facts 7 ! failure to describe ! "w ( ,m>ion1 ,sumt]1 ,pick5s & ,williams2 no m5tion be+ made ( ,gansevoort1 ,an?ony ,wayne or ,/ony ,po9t1 ,light ,horse ,h>ry ,lee or ,paulus ,hook1 ,b5n+ton or ,john ,/>k4 ,c>ry+ ! criticisms fur!r1 x 0 alleg$ t ?is hi/ory conta9s inaccuracies & unfair /atem5ts2 t x is full ( p>tisan%ip ( a political "*2 t x gives a bias$ treatm5t ( controv]sial subjects2 & is pro-,briti%4#gha ,x 0 ! belief ( ! review]1 moreov]1 t controv]sial subjects l ! t>iff h no place 9 a high s*ool textbook1 = 8:atev] ! views ( a citiz5 may be on ?is subject he %\ld be p]mitt$ to s5d 8 *ildr5 to s*ool )\t hav+ !m taught t 8 own views on ?is "q are uns\nd40 ,*>act]ization ( ,mr4 ,wilson's policies1 8p>ticul>ly z set =? 9 8 #8,new ,fre$om' z an economic ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce10 also /ruck a discordant note4 ,class di/9ctions are also made conspicu\s1 ! review] decl>$1 z 9 su* a /atem5t z 8,f$]alism1 :i* /ood 9 ,john ,adams' phrase1 = gov]nm5t by #8! ri*1 ! well-born & ! able'02 & 9 8,! failure ( ! ,s\? to get rid ( slav]y 9 ! e>ly decades ( ! n9ete5? c5tury mu/ be set d[n to ! dom9ation ( a class ( ri*1 ari/ocratic plant]s40#ghb ,dur+ ! ye> #aibc ! activities ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution became div]sifi$ to ! ext5t t _! report on ,patriotic ,education dealt ) sev]al ,am]ican hi/ories4 ,?is report 0 actuat$ by ! int]e/ t _h be5 %[n 9 ! 8,national ,congress0 meet+ at ,spr+field 9 ,may1 #aibb1 :5 t body express$ a deep int]e/ 9 8! subject ( ,am]ican hi/ory textbooks0 & resolv$ t ! ,committee on ,patriotic ,education 8take ne$ful measures to elim9ate f our s*ools0 all objectionable textbooks4#ghc ,9 _! review ( ,am]ican hi/ories1 ! ,committee f\nd 8a great deal ( inaccuracy & consid]able propag&a be>+ on political que/ions :i* /ill divide ! p40#ghd ,!y held z 8fundam5tal defects & ^? :i* are mo/ cle>ly subject to criticism at ! h&s ( a patriotic society 444 inadequate & unsympa!tic treatm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution & a treatm5t ( ev5ts 9 our rec5t hi/ory 9 su* a mann] z to inculcate loyalty to class r ?an to c\ntry40#ghe ,! ,committee1 fur!rmore1 emphasiz$ ! importance ( a /udy ( an unta9t$ ,am]ican hi/ory1 "o tea*+ 8a v5]ation ( ! great m5 ( our pa/0 z 8! be/ antidote = radical & dis9tegrat+ propag&a40 ,!y ma9ta9$ t 8! *ief purpose to be subs]v$ 9 tea*+ ,am]ican hi/ory is ! inculcation ( patriotism40#ghf ,to devote only t5 pages out ( five hundr$ to a discussion ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> laid ! au?or op5 to criticism by patriotic gr\ps2 & su* inadequate treatm5t c\ld n be excus$ on ! gr\nd t ! book 0 writt5 = advanc$ /ud5ts :o h ga!r$ ! necess>y details 9 ! elem5t>y grades4 ,! works ( ,fiske1 ,s*\l]1 ,trevelyan1 & ,lodge1 al?\gh writt5 = adults1 discuss$ ^! details1 :i*1 9 itself1 0 pro( ( _! value to ! ,committee :o 7 consid]+ textbooks4 ,9 ! exam9ation ( hi/ory textbooks ! ,committee f\nd 8! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne1 ,o',h>a1 ,ev]ett ,b>nes1 ,h>t1 ,james & ,san=d1 ,muzzey & ,we/ hi/ories objectionable 9 ! treatm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution40#ghg ,! ,muzzey1 ,we/ & ,burnham hi/ories 7 describ$ also z 8op5 to criticism on ! gr\nd ( class hatr$40 ,because ! objections to ,muzzey's & ,we/'s books 7 bas$ on m ?an "o gr\nd = compla9t1 sep>ate criticisms 7 publi%$ by ! ,committee1 :i* 7 8widely circulat$40#ghh ,on ! o!r h&1 endorsem5t 0 accord$ to ,gordy's textbook & ! ,?waites & ,k5dall hi/ory = gramm> s*ool use4 ,= ! high s*ool ! ,committee recomm5d$ ! am5d$ edition ( ,guitteau's book & ! ,halleck hi/ory4#ghi ,z a result ( _! agitation1 accord+ to ! ,report1 ! ,ev]ett ,b>nes hi/ory _h be5 am5d$ & ! au?or _h remov$ f x ! asp]sions on ,john ,hancock4 ,! ,committee wi%$ to di/+ui% %>ply1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ?is ,b>nes & 8! old ,b>nes hi/ory :i* has always be5 s\nd 9 its ,am]icanism40#gij ,!y desir$ also to recomm5d 8)\t qualification0 ! hi/ory ( ,dr4 ,edw>d ,*ann+1 :o at _! reque/ _h signifi$ 8 will+ness to make sugge/$ *anges 9 8 textbook4 ,) evid5t approval !y quot$ ! foll[+ /atem5t f ,william ,j4 ,long1 8au?or ( ! late/ hi/ory publi%$ by ,g9n & ,company0 9 :i* he said3 8,:at ,i miss$ 9 our hi/ories1 especially ^? ( rec5t date1 0 ! _s ( devotion )\t :i* ! m]e facts ( hi/ory h little int]e/ or consequ5ce to my boy & y\r boy40#gia ,! ef=ts ( ! national gr\p receiv$ ! active support ( _m local units4 ,"u ! direction ( 8,compatriot ,s4 ,t4 ,cam]on ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,society0 ! ,p9ey ,bran* ,citiz5s' ,association ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 op5$ fire on ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ! reasons frequ5tly assign$1 & circulat$1 accord+ to ,judge ,mc,camant1 8a s*ol>ly brief0 t prov$ ?is textbook 8hopelessly unfit = s*ool use40#gib ,among ! /&>ds :i* ! ,p9ey ,bran* ,citiz5s' ,association set up = a textbook 9 ,am]ican hi/ory 73 t x %\ld assume 8an unque/ion+ attitude t[>d ! s9c]ity1 ! aims or ! purpose ( ! f\nd]s ( ?is ,republic or ( ^? :o h guid$ its de/9ies2 t x %\ld conta9 no mat]ial t t5ds to ar\se political1 racial1 or religi\s controv]sy or hatr$02 t x %\ld 8emphasize ! pr9ciples & motives t 7 ( ! greate/ influ5ce 9 ! =mation & developm5t0 ( ! gov]nm5t2 t 8x mu/ incite 9 ! pupil ideals ( patriotic & civic duty10 z well z cultivat+ 8an appreciation ( ! h>d%ips endur$ & ! sacrifices made 9 e/abli%+ & def5d+ ,am]ican ideals40#gic ,no success att5d+ _! ef=ts to elim9ate ?is textbook f ! acceptable li/ 9 ! ,wa%+ton s*ools1 ! ,p9ey ,bran* ,association cont9u$ _! attack4 ,on ,april #be1 #aibc1 a public he>+ 0 giv5 ,pr(essor ,muzzey & 8 critics1 at :i* 8m ?an "o hundr$ p]sons1 includ+ s*ool (ficials1 tea*]s1 civic lead]s & int]e/$ /ud5ts 444 li/5$ att5tively to ! argum5ts pro & con :i* cont9u$ = ne>ly f\r h\rs40#gid ,9 def5d+ himself1 ,pr(essor ,muzzey decl>$ t ,mr4 ,cam]on _h 8g>bl$ ! facts & twi/$ phrases 9 a way0 t 0 8absolutely unfair02 t he _h tak5 8c]ta9 words & s5t5ces & read !m )\t ! complete section10 :i*1 9 _m cases1 put 8an entirely diff]5t aspect ^u !m40#gie ,) ,mr4 ,cam]on1 9 criticiz+ adv]sely ?is ,am]ican hi/ory1 0 ,*>les ,edw>d ,russell ( ! 8,patriot ,league = ! ,pres]vation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory40 ,he reg>d$ ! book z 8#8a grave public m5ace1'0 & decl>$ t 8! s*ool *ildr5 9 ! he>t ( ,*9a0 7 be+ taught 8a m accurate acc\nt ( ! ,am]ican revolution ?an ^? 9 ! ,wa%+ton s*ools40#gif ,on ! o!r h&1 unqualifi$ endorsem5t 0 giv5 ! textbook by ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools ,frank ,w4 ,ball\4 ,george ,j4 ,jones1 head ( ! hi/ory dep>tm5t ( ! ,wa%+ton high s*ools1 emphasiz$ 8! de/ructive nature0 ( ! attack & 8po9t$ out t all ( ! tea*]s ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 ! local high s*ools v\*ed = its patriotism44440#gig ,9 support ( ,mr4 ,jones 7 ,dr4 ,george ,m4 ,*ur*ill & ,elm] ,l4 ,kays]1 pr(essors ( ,am]ican hi/ory at ,george ,wa%+ton ,univ]sity1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,hill1 pr(essor ( political sci5ce at ! same univ]sity1 ,dr4 ,leo ,f4 ,/ock1 pr(essor ( hi/ory at ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity1 & ,re> ,admiral ,george ,w4 ,baird1 =m] presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4#gih ,9 comm5t+ ^u ?is & o!r attacks direct$ aga9/ ?is textbook1 ,c>son ,c4 ,ha?away 9 ,! ,de>born ,indep5d5t = ,octob] #bc1 #aibc1 decl>$3 8,to ,muzzey1 hi/ory is a review ( :at happ5$ & an important analysis ( :y x happ5$4 ,to ^? :o desire to be ?rill$ by ! famili> /ories ( our national h]oes1 ! text may n be satisfy+4 ,b p]haps !re is en\gh ?rill 9 ev5 an unbias$ treatm5t ( ,am]ican hi/ory to satisfy any ?\ghtful & patriotic ,am]ican40#gii ,9 ,novemb]1 #aibb1 ! ,k5tucky bran* ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution address$ a communication to n9e educational in/itutions reque/+ ! exclusion ( ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory f ! li/s ( approv$ textbooks1 because ( its 8flippant1 inaccurate & unsympa!tic0 cont5t-matt]4#hjj ,failure to inculcate 8rev]5ce = our ,revolution>y fa!rs & _! ideals0 besides its 8call\s indiff]5ce0 9 ! treatm5t ( battles & h]oes appe>$ to ! ,k5tucky ,sons *>act]i/ic ( ?is book4 ,z a comm5t on _! action1 ! ,l\isville ,times editorially rem>k$3 8,if ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 ,k5tucky h discov]$ a public s*ool text-book ( hi/ory t is unfair to ! national record t book is lonesome4 ,! ,times is n famili> ) ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,muzzey ( ,new ,york1 :i* ! society at its meet+ la/ night d5\nc$ z #8unpatriotic1 unfair1 inaccurate1 p>tisan1 closely bord]+ on ! sociali/ic & lack+ 9 ,am]icanism4' ,b = _m ye>s 9 ! public s*ools ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rses h be5 full ( text-books on hi/ory :i* committ$ mo/ ( ^! crimes 9 rev]se ord]1 by mis/at+ all facts relat+ to ! =eign controv]sies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! w>s f\ght by ?is nation4 8,! ,muzzey book may be all t is *>g$ aga9/ x4 ,if s1 x is rem>kable t x 0 adopt$ 9 ! ,k5tucky s*ools aft] consid]able inve/igation2 t x 0 n compla9$ ( dur+ ! inquiry into hi/ory text-books 9 ,new ,york2 t ! ,univ]sity ( ,k5tucky recomm5d$ x4444 8,b unless ! book is unfair & inaccurate x %\ld be def5d$ aga9/ attack4 ,! valor ( ignorance is ass]t+ itself 9 all qu>t]s ( ,am]ica4 ,calmly cont5t = sev]al g5]ations to /udy hi/ories t 7 grossly unfair to e o!r nation 9 ! _w1 "s portion ( ! ,am]ican public h lately gott5 into ! book-c5sor+ bus9ess4444 8444 ,! ance/ors ( ! g5tlem5 :o sat la/ night res5t$ no?+ m ?an c5sor%ip ( all k9ds4 ,!y want$ to settle = !mselves :at !y %\ld read1 eat1 dr9k1 we> & d4 ,! era ( ,jeff]son & ,frankl9 & ,samuel ,adams 0 n ! era ( excision & pat]nalism40#hja ,! ,c\ri]-,j\rnal also1 9 an editorial on 8,writ+ ,hi/ory10 /ress$ ! new values :i* h develop$ 9 ! sci5tific pres5tation ( hi/ory1 caus+ 8a fre% & cl>ifi$ p]spective40 ,to ! ,c\ri]-,j\rnal ,muzzey's textbook repres5t$ 8! new] t5d5cies 9 hi/orical writ+10 & aim$ wisely 8to give ! emphasis to ^? factors 9 our national developm5t1 :i* appeal to u z ! mo/ vital f ! /&po9t ( today40 ,! editorial comm5d$ x = omission ( facts :i* c\ld easily be f\nd else:]e1 & because ( its non-sectionalism4#hjb ,action simil> to t tak5 by ! ,k5tucky *apt] occurr$ 9 ,cali=nia1 :]e n only ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution b ! ,sons ( ! ,revolution in/itut$ a se>* = 8anti-,am]ican0 hi/ories4 ,"h ! latt] organization1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,frank ,h4 ,pett+ell1 9 an ef=t to ga9 conv]ts to _! po9t ( view1 di/ribut$ to all s*ool di/ricts ,*>les ,grant ,mill]'s pamphlet ,treason to ,am]ican ,tradition4#hjc ,by ! =m] organization two detail$ reports reg>d+ ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7 issu$1 ! "o express+ ! op9ion ( a majority ( a committee to inve/igate ?is book1 & ! o!r sett+ =? ! views ( a diss5t+ memb]4 ,! majority report reveal$ no criticisms :i* _h n be5 pres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,report4#hjd ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m9ority /atem5t includ$ f\r po9ts3 fir/1 t 8fairness requires t if we are to pass ^u ! hi/ories us$ 9 ! s*ools1 !re %\ld be an exam9ation ( ^? 9 g5]al use1 n m]ely "o2 second1 if !re is to be a critical exam9ation ( hi/ories 9 use 9 ! s*ools ( ?is c\ntry1 x %\ld be by a committee compos$ ( memb]s suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! writ+ & tea*+ ( hi/ory1 t _! report may be compreh5sive & sci5tific1 z well z patriotic2 ?ird1 ! majority report fails to consid] ?or\ghly ! purpose = :i* ?is hi/ory 0 writt52 & f\r?1 ! hi/ory %\ld be judg$ by its :ole tone & _s & purpose1 & n by words & s5t5ces isolat$ f _! context40#hje ,9 analyz+ ! textbook & comp>+ /atem5ts ) ^? cit$ 9 ! majority report z repreh5sible1 ! m9ority report accept$ ! pr9ciple adopt$ by "s textbook writ]s1 namely1 t biographical hi/ory %\ld be left to ! elem5t>y grades & ! /udy ( in/itutional developm5t to ! second>y s*ool4 ,z a result ( ?is agitation1 ! ,commission] ( ,second>y ,s*ools ( ,cali=nia appo9t$ a committee to inve/igate hi/ory textbooks4 ,!y report$ t none ( ! books exam9$ 7 f\nd ta9t$ by disloyal or unpatriotic s5tim5ts1 & t ! attacks aga9/ hi/ory textbooks 7 due to a 8revival ( pro-,g]man s5tim5t10 to 8an in]adicable ,iri% anti-,briti% s5tim5t10 to a 8j\rnali/ic opposition to ,great ,brita910 & 8to an elem5t ( political reaction aga9/ ! dome/ic legislation ( rec5t ye>s40#hjf ,9 ,ohio1 also1 ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution at _! /ate conv5tion 9 ,clevel& 9 ,may1 #aibc1 condemn$ ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory & adopt$ a resolution t no textbook %\ld be us$ 9 ! s*ools 8:i* belittles ! f\nd]s ( our gov]nm5t or m9imizes _! a*ievem5ts40#hjg ,dur+ ,education ,week 9 #aibb1 ! ,idaho ,society ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,capta9 ,a4 ,h4 ,conn]1 />t$ an agitation aga9/ ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p by ,willis ,mason ,we/1 result+ 9 ! exclusion ( ?is book f ! ,boise s*ools4 ,criticiz$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ?is textbook 0 held unfit to 8be f\nd 9 a s+le s*ool 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica40#hjh ,to ,capta9 ,conn]1 ! treatm5t ( hi/orical incid5ts1 n only 9 ! ,revolution>y p]iod & 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 b 9 ! ,civil ,w> & rec5t p]iod1 des]v$ sev]e condemnation4 ,objection 0 rais$ to ! treatm5t accord$ battles 9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution & 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 z well z t ( controv]sial que/ions :i* h 8no place 9 a hi/ory40#hji ,f ! latt]1 ,capta9 ,conn] adduc$ t 8! au?or ( ?is book is q evid5tly a free trad]40 ,! discussion ( ! labor "q1 socialism1 ! direct prim>y1 ! initiative1 ! ref]5dum1 ! ,league ( ,nations & o!r 8controv]sial subjects10 su* z 7 f\nd 9 ?is book 8are out ( place 9 a s*ool hi/ory40 ,fur!rmore1 x 0 *>g$ t ! book 8excuses ! ,s\? = its disgraceful treatm5t ( ,union soldi]s 9 milit>y prisons1 7p4 #eff71 /ates t ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee ranks among ! noble/ figures 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & practically accuses ,grant ( be+ 9 collusion ) ! #8,:iskey ,r+4'0#haj ,capta9 ,conn]'s criticism ( ,we/'s discussion ( ! ,civil ,w> p]iod ga9$ ready conv]ts to 8 po9t ( view1 & ! ,phil ,%]idan ,po/ ,numb] #d ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic issu$ a d5unciation ( ! textbook z 8worse ?an a trave/y on ju/ice1 & a slam 9 ! face ( true ,am]icans40#haa ,^! & o!r ef=ts ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution to c5sor hi/ory textbooks h result$ 9 _! elim9ation f _m li/s ( approv$ textbooks4 ,accord+ to ,f4 ,w4 ,millspaugh1 vice-presid5t ( ! ,t5nessee *apt]1 8ef=ts to h c]ta9 books )drawn f public s*ools 9 ,t5nessee & ,alabama h be5 unv>y+ly successful40#hab ,muzzey's hi/ory1 accord+ to ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant1 0 exclud$ f ! s*ools ( ,adrian1 ,mi*igan1 ,murfreesboro & ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 ,flor5ce1 ,alabama1 & a numb] ( s*ools 9 ,k5tucky1 & 8all ( ! objectionable hi/ories 444 f ! s*ools ( ,indiana on a he>+ be=e ! textbook commission & z a result ( ! attack made ^u !m by ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution40#hac ,accord+ to ,capta9 ,conn]1 8,muzzey's hi/ory has be5 tak5 out ( ! s*ools ( ,burley1 ,coeur d',al5e1 ,idaho ,falls1 ,nampa & ,pocatello1 & ,we/'s hi/ory has be5 tak5 out ( ,boise z a result ( ! activities ( ! ,national ,society act+ ?r\gh ! ,idaho ,society40#had ,al?\gh _m places h b>r$ ! books "u suspicion1 success has n ev]y:]e att5d$ ! ef=ts ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,?is is acc\nt$ = by ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant because ( 8! attempt made by ! educators responsible = its a book's pres5ce to def5d _! action10 & because 8! publi%]s ( ^! objectionable books are /rongly entr5*$ 9 educational circles44440#hae ,b o!rs ?an 8! educators0 & 8! publi%]s0 h oppos$ ! ef=ts ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 _! attempts at textbook c5sor%ip4 8,individual memb]s0 ( ! organization 89 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,new ,j]sey1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,ohio1 ,s\? ,dakota & ,cali=nia h tak5 issue publicly ) ! "w ( 444 ! national ,committee40#haf ,= example1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,passaic ,valley 7,new ,j]sey7 *apt]1 9 review+ ,muzzey's textbook1 ass]t$ t 8! :ole tr5d ( ! book is to tell ! logical c\rse ( ev5ts1 & to expla9 ! causes ( ev5ts10 & t !re 0 8no gr\nd0 = ,judge ,mc,camant's obs]vation t 8! au?or has #8no abid+ conviction 9 ,am]ican fundam5tals2 no en?usia/ic v5]ation = ! great m5 :o f\nd$ ! ,republic4'0#hag ,o!r diss5t]s f ,judge ,mc,camant's op9ion 7 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ?is /atem5t1 ano!r memb] ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution sugge/+ t 8"o mu/ surmise t ,judge ,mc,camant came to ! book det]m9$ to be displeas$40#hah ,a mutuality ( int]e/ ) ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 c5sor+ s*ool hi/ories is se5 9 ! action ( ! ,sons ( ! ,revolution at ,/4 ,l\is 9 ,decemb]1 #aibb4 ,ar\s$ by an address ( ,roy ,f4 ,britton1 presid5t ( ! local *apt]1 a resolution to inve/igate hi/ory text-books us$ 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is s*ools 0 unanim\sly adopt$4 ,9 ,major ,britton's report to ! local *apt] he express$ disapproval ( ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,h>t's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 books :i* he himself _h exam9$1 z well z condemn+ ,w>d's edition ( ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica & ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* he _h n exam9$4 ,! la/ two books us$ 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is s*ools 7 also class$ ) ! 8de-,am]icaniz$0 hi/ories because 8sev]al m5 ( prom95ce1 app>5tly speak+ ) au?ority1 z well z c]ta9 patriotic societies & newspap]s h d5\nc$0 !m4#hai ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne's ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools & ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p 7 cit$ likewise z examples ( ! 8revisioni/s' me?ods0 accord+ to m5 l ,*>les ,grant ,mill] & ,*>les ,edw>d ,russell4#hbj ,major ,britton's ef=ts receiv$ ! approval ( "s ( ! newspap]s ( ,/4 ,l\is = ! 8real s]vice0 he _h r5d]$1#hba "o editorial rem>k+ t s*ool hi/ories %\ld set =? t ! ,am]ican ,revolution 0 8a trem5d\s exhibit ( resolution & c\rage to set at naught ! mo/ p[]ful milit>y & naval c\ntry ( ! "t40#hbb ,o!r patriotic organizations h likewise atte/$ _! int]e/ 9 ! /atus ( pres5t-day hi/ory in/ruction4 ,! ,desc5dants ( ! ,sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 on ,july #d1 #aibb1 at _! national conv5tion1 ass]t$ an av]sion to public s*ool hi/ories :i* w\ld 8mis9t]pret ! m5 & measures1 mann]s & me?ods & ! great ev5ts ( ! ,revolution & ! subsequ5t p]iods lead+ up to ! ,con/itution ( #aghg40hbc ,! ,vet]ans ( ,=eign ,w>s 9 ,national ,encampm5t on ,augu/ #bd1 #aibb1 8indignantly0 prote/$ aga9/ ! alleg$ un-,am]ican hi/ories1 & comm5d$ ,*>les ,grant ,mill] = 8 8patriotic s]vice0 9 expos+ & *eck+ 8a s9i/] attempt to degrade our c\ntry's hi/ory40#hbd ,simil> action 0 tak5 by ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 9 #aibc1 9 dem&+ ! pres5tation ( 8true ,am]ican hi/ory10#hbe & by ! ,national ,society ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 #aibc4hbf ,! ,unit$ ,spani% ,w> ,vet]ans 9 annual conv5tion deplor$ ! 8,briti% propag&a0 f\nd 9 a s*ool hi/ory1#hbg & ! ,vet]ans ( ! ,sev5ty-,eigh? ,division ( ! ,am]ican ,legion at ,atlantic ,city1 9 ,septemb]1 #aibc1 pass$ resolutions = ! suppression & removal f ! s*ools ( all unpatriotic textbooks & 8p>ticul>ly hi/ory books40#hbh ,^! criticisms ^u hi/ory textbooks impell$ ! ,am]ican ,legion to und]take1 9 #aibb1 ! writ+ ( an ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,?is project receiv$ ! endorsem5t ( m ?an fifty national patriotic societies1 b ! prep>ation ( ! textbook 0 fir/ entru/$ to ,*>les ,f4 ,horne1 pr(essor ( ,engli% 9 ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york & editorial director ( ! ,am]ican ,legion4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,horne1 ! ,legion _h z a purpose 8an absolutely hone/ hi/ory 444 9 no s5se boa/ful or extravagant40#hbi ,9 ! /atem5t ( _! pr9ciples1 ! ,legion express$ a desire t _! hi/ory 8speak ! tru?1 s t no *ild le>ns aft]w>ds to di/ru/ x4 ,b 9 tell+ ! tru? x mu/ be c>eful to tell ! tru? optimi/ically4 ,x w m5tion ! blund]s ( ! pa/ s t ! *ild le>ns to be c>eful2 b x mu/ dwell on failure only = its value z a moral lesson1 mu/ speak *iefly ( success44440#hcj ,! ,legion1 among o!r ?+s1 likewise set up z a pr9ciple = _! textbook ! inspiration ( patriotism4 ,^u 8e page a vivid love ( ,am]ica0 mu/ be prea*$4 ,x 0 _! conviction t su* a book %\ld 8enc\rage patriotism1 /r5g!n "*1 /imulate ?\ght & impress ! wor? ( ,tru?40#hca ,9 #aibe1 ,! ,/ory ( ,our ,am]ican ,p express$ 9 a tangible =m ! aims ( ! ,legion4 ,two volumes (f] solace to ^? ^: s5sibilities h be5 w\nd$ by ! treatm5t accord$ ev5ts 9 ! ,am]ican hi/ories mo/ commonly us$ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,= ! pupil is taught t 8?is is ! l& ( hope10 a l& t 8ev5 /rang]s love10--look$ ^u by 8! poor folk & oppress$ ( o!r l&s 444 z a k9d ( p>adise1 444 :]e "w br+s its be/ rew>d1 ! "o region :]e ,peace seems assur$1 ! l& ( ,opportunity 4440 to :i* ev5 8! lead]s ( o!r c\ntries0 turn 8z a l& ( ,p[]1 able to help !m 9 _! political tr\bles1 yet n grasp+ at _! rights40#hcb ,to ! pupil is reveal$ 8a ,div9e ,purpose0 controll+ ! hi/ory ( ,am]ica =1 al?\gh 8p]haps ! olde/ cont95t 9 ! _w10 ,am]ica lay 8unus$0 until ! "t :5 8civilization %\ld prove wor?y ( x40 ,x 0 8by natural processes0 t 8! _w ( ,europe 0 sift$ & sort$ t !re might be plant$ "h "s ( its ri*e/ se$10 a p :o might well be 8call$ a #8*os5 race' ( ,europeans40 ,among ?is numb] 7 "s 8made desp]ate by ,europe's dre>y lack ( opportunity02 sometimes !re 7 8folk convict$ z crim9als1 b laws h n always judg$ m5 z ,god judges !m1 & ! gov]nm5ts ( ^? days 7 apt to be h>% & n>r[40#hcc ,_m ( ! po9ts 8omitt$0 f o!r s*ool hi/ories are f\nd "h4 ,n a few ( our h]oic *>act]s su* z ,betsy ,ross1 ,na?an ,hale1 ,molly ,pit*]1 8,mad ,an?ony0 ,wayne1 ,john ,paul ,jones1 & ,haym ,salomon are giv5 recognition4 ,nor are !re miss+ su* slogans z 8,don't give up ! %ip40#hcd ,! pupil is l$ ?r\gh 8! ,second ,w> = ,indep5d5ce1 a /ory ( outworn pati5ce & ( mi/akes :i* end$ 9 unexpect$ =tune20 ?r\gh ! w> ) ,spa91 8a p's w>02 & f9ally ?r\gh ! ,_w ,w>1 9 :i* we 7 8no feeble foe to mat* ev5 ! t]rible ,g]man colossus40#hce ,9 a lett] to ,! ,new ,york ,times ,pr(essor ,claude ,h4 ,van ,tyne1 "u ! caption 8,a ,que/ionable ,hi/ory10 decl>es ! title ( ?is hi/ory to be 8s bomba/ic t x might z well be #8,! ,m>vel\s ,/ory ( ,u4'0 ,he po9ts out t ! pamphlet :i* accompanies ! book li/s n only ! organizations :i* are said to h gone ov] ! mat]ial & to h giv5 x _! approval1 b also s*oolm5 & hi/orians 8( wide repute40 8,i w n say z to ! s*oolm510 said ,pr(essor ,van ,tyne1 8b z to hi/orians ,i h look$ ov] ! entire li/ :i* is giv5 & ,i f9d n "o hi/orian ( repute 9 x4444 ,!re is also add$ an impos+ array ( s5ators 444 "s *airm5 ( great national political p>ties1 :o1 ( c\rse1 endorse ! s*eme out ( pure policy4444 ,t :i* 0 a cl\d no bigg] ?an a man's h& :5 ,*>les ,grant ,mill] began 8 infam\s attack ^u ! hi/ories writt5 by m5 :o really knew ! facts has become a m5ac+ /orm1 ?reat5+ tru? :]ev] x is f\nd40#hcf ,accord+ to ,frank ,c4 ,cross1 ,national ,director ( ! ,am]icanism ,commission 9 #aibe1 ! ,am]ican ,legion believ$ t 8mu* ( ! agitation & compla9t reg>d+ s*ool textbooks 9 hi/ory has app>5tly come f prejudic$ s\rces--f m5 & in/itutions t are !mselves propag&i/s44440 ,! ,legion1 fur!rmore1 he decl>$1 d n believe t ! au?ors :o h be5 g5]ally attack$ are 8unpatriotic or t _! books are writt5 z ! result ( organiz$ propag&a40 ,yet !y felt t "s ( ! au?ors _h 8laid !mselves op5 to j criticism because !y h sometimes made /atem5ts f ! po9t ( view ( a critic or inve/igator r ?an f t ( a tea*]10 t 8"s ( ^! au?ors are at fault 9 plac+ be=e immature pupils ! blund]s1 foibles & frailties ( prom95t h]oes & patriots ( our ,nation40 ,! ,legion also took exception to ! introduction ( 8matt]s ( controv]sial nature )\t giv+ adequate space 444 = pres5tations ( ! ess5tial facts on bo? sides40#hcg ,?r\gh ! activities ( su* patriotic gr\ps h aris5 agitations simil> to t 9 ,dubuque1 ,i[a1 :]e ! local po/ ( ! ,vet]ans ( ,=eign ,w>s sponsor$ a hi/ory textbook attack4#hch ,"u ! direction ( a committee compos$ ( a repres5tative ( ! ,ladies' ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 ! ,am]ican ,legion1 ! ,vet]ans ( ,=eign ,w>s1 ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> ,vet]ans1 ! ,p>5t-,tea*] ,association1 & ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools1 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne's ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools 0 ca/ out ( ! public s*ools4 ,/ill o!rs ?an ! patriotic societies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h c5sor$ ! cont5t ( hi/ory textbooks4 ,among ^! are ! ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,color$ ,p1 :o h advocat$ ! inclusion 9 all s*ool hi/ories ( "s acc\nt ( ! place & a*ievem5t ( ! negro 9 ?is c\ntry's developm5t4#hci ,! ,e?ical ,society ( ,dav5port1 ,i[a1 w\ld seek a sub/itute = ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p because x does n depict suffici5tly ! contributions ( c\ntries l ,g]many to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#hdj ,! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,c\ncil ( ! ,junior ,ord] ( ,unit$ ,am]ican ,me*anics1 8repres5t+ #hj1jjj memb]s 9 its #aibb ,conv5tion0 endors$ ! "w ( ! ,patriot ,league = ! ,pres]vation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory & dem&$ an 8unimpair$0 ,am]ican hi/ory4#hda ,simil> action 0 tak5 by ! ,knights ( ,py?ias 9 _! ,gr& ,lodge meet+ 9 ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 9 ,septemb]1 #aibc1 9 unanim\sly accept+ a report on hi/ory textbooks us$ 9 ! ,new ,j]sey s*ools & adopt+ a resolution condemn+ 8,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t2 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7#aiai7 by ,john ,f4 ,o',h>a2 ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica 7#aiai7 by ,c4 ,h4 ,w>d2 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,revis$ 7#aibj7 by ,d4 ,s4 ,muzzey2 ,build]s ( ,democracy by ,edw9 ,gre5law2 ,our ,unit$ ,/ates 7#aiai7 by ,william ,backus ,guitteau2 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools1 revis$ #aiai2 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p 7#aiah7 by ,willis ,mason ,we/2 ,%ort ,am]ican ,hi/ory by ,grades & lat] cond5s$ into "o volume & ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ,gramm> ,grades 7#aibj7 by ,ev]ett ,b>nes40 ,!y fur!r pl$g$ _! 8unflagg+ support to ! ,patriot ,league = ! pres]vation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory 9 its plans to drive f our s*ools all treason texts t h a t5d5cy to deprive ! g5]ations yet to come ( ! sacr$ h]itages t 7 won by ! unmat*able sacrifices ( our =efa!rs40 ,! ,committee recomm5d$ also a campaign ( publicity aga9/ ! condemn$ hi/ories & ! appo9tm5t ( committees 9 ea* 8subord9ate ,lodge0 ?r\gh :om ^! books 7 to be 8?r[n out & _! use prohibit$40#hdb ,9 ,m>*1 #aibc1 ,! ,new ,age call$ ! att5tion ( ,masons to ! criticisms rais$ by patriotic organizations & by ,*>les ,grant ,mill] aga9/ ,am]ican hi/ories4 ,s9ce mo/ ( ! 8di/+ui%$ patriots10 :o 7 ei!r omitt$ f ! textbooks or :o 7 slightly m5tion$ 8) "s slurr+ or critical allusion10 7 8,masons10 ,! ,new ,age urg$ p>5ts to look into ! k9d ( hi/ories _! *ildr5 7 us+4#hdc ,9 #aibd 8=ty-?ree0 patriotic & frat]nal organizations ( ,new ,j]sey unit$ 9 endors+ ! ,williams s*ool hi/ory bill1 design$ to legalize ! c5sor%ip ( hi/ories 9 t /ate4 ,^! includ$ ! ,am]ican ,legion1 ! ,desc5dants ( ! ,sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! ,/eub5 ,society ( ,am]ica1 ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 ! ,unit$ ,spani% ,w> ,vet]ans1 ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 ! ,vet]ans ( ,=eign ,w>s1 ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! ,junior ,ord] ,unit$ ,am]ican ,me*anics1 ! ,knights ( ,py?ias1 & ! ,patriotic ,ord] ,sons ( ,am]ica4#hdd ,an exhau/ive discussion ( ! text books commonly attack$ 0 issu$ by ! ,new ,j]sey ,unit ( ! ,patriot ,league 9 ,febru>y1 #aibd4 ,accord+ to ?is pamphlet ! ,guitteau1 ! ,muzzey1 ! ,b>nes1 ! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne hi/ories _h be5 revis$ to meet ! objections rais$ aga9/ !m1 b n to ! entire satisfaction ( _! critics4#hde ,set (f aga9/ ! advocates ( a highly nationaliz$ hi/ory are ^? int]e/$ 9 promot+ ! _s ( int]nationalism4 ,) ?is desire ,rob]t ,&rews ,millik5 sugge/$ ! re-writ+ ( hi/ory ?r\gh ! ,committee ( ! ,league ( ,nations on ,intellectual ,cop]ation4 ,! "w z project$ purport$ n to be an attempt to re=m ea* nation's textbooks b to pres5t an imp>tial _w hi/ory1 nei!r neglect+ nor ov]e/imat+ ! a*ievem5ts ( di/9ct national gr\ps4#hdf ,! same s5tim5t is responsible = ! advocacy ( an abolition ( p>tisan textbooks t5d+ to fo/] bitt]ness & ho/ility among nations1 :i* 0 sanction$ 9 ,june1 #aibc1 by ! ,f$]ation ( ! ,league ( ,nations ,society4#hdg ,,inve/igations ,,by ,,municipal ,,& ,,s*ool ,,au?orities ,! endeavors ( ^? :o h con/itut$ !mselves textbook c5sors h borne fruit 9 _m t[ns & cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y are ! s\rce ( ! well-kn[n ,new ,york ,city inve/igation ( hi/ory textbooks4 ,9 ,octob]1 #aibj1 ,sup]9t5d5t ,william ,l4 ,ett+] appo9t$ ,associate ,sup]9t5d5t ,edg> ,d4 ,%im] & a committee to inve/igate attacks made on hi/ories us$ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aiba1 ! ,committee pres5t$ a unanim\s report on ! fundam5tal pr9ciples t %\ld gov]n ! prep>ation ( textbooks on hi/ory = ! city s*ools4 ,dur+ ,novemb] & ,decemb]1 #aiba1 & into ,janu>y1 #aibb1 ! ,committee held op5 session weekly to li/5 to *>ges aga9/ hi/ories1 at :i* ,l4 ,r4 ,mac,eagain ( ! ,iri% ,patriotic ,league1 ,*>les ,grant ,mill]1 ,patrick ,j4 ,lang1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,j4 ,cram] ( ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,r4 ,jacobs1 ,abraham ,wakeman1#hdh & ,edw>d ,f4 ,mc,sweeney ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus appe>$4#hdi ,on ,may #ab1 #aibb1 ! compreh5sive report ( ! ,committee 0 adopt$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,?is docum5t is conc]n$ *iefly ) ?ree matt]s3 ! e/abli%m5t ( a set ( fundam5tal pr9ciples & reasonable /&>ds = ! writ+ ( s*ool hi/ories1 a detail$ consid]ation ( ! *>ges made aga9/ textbooks1 & c]ta9 conclusions rea*$ z a result ( ! inquiry4 ,9 ! =mulation ( ! 8,g5]al ,pr9ciples0 by :i* a hi/ory textbook %\ld be writt51 ! ,committee 0 d\btless guid$ by a lett] ( ,octob] #bh1 #aibj1 f ,sup]9t5d5t ,ett+]1 9 :i* he sugge/$ t 8a di/9ction %\ld be drawn betwe5 ! obligation to cleave closely to ! l9e ( hi/orical tru?1 su* z is incumb5t ^u ! hi/orian writ+ = adult read]s & ! discretion prop]ly conc$$ to an au?or ( s*ool texts :o writes = immature m9ds incapable ( & dis9cl9$ to make f9e di/9ctions b in/9ctively incl9$ to wor%ip at ! %r9e ( all t is loyal1 h]oic1 & self-sacrific+40 ,mr4 ,ett+] believ$ x unwise to pres5t to *ildr5 facts conc]n+ ! infirmities ( m5 :o _h be5 inspirational =ces 9 national life4 ,he object$1 fur!rmore1 to =ces :i* t5d$ to de/roy a rev]5ce = ! in/itutional life ( ! c\ntry4#hej ,9 sett+ =? ! 8,g5]al ,pr9ciples0 = guidance 9 writ+ hi/ory textbooks1 ! ,committee d5i$ to ! au?or 8absolute fre$om 9 ! selection or 9 ! int]pretation ( hi/orical mat]ial0 because 8pr$et]m9$ aims & /&>ds pr$et]m9e selection & int]pretation40 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,committee felt !re %\ld n be includ$ 9 a textbook /atem5ts ( a d]ogatory "* conc]n+ ,am]ican h]oes4 ,mat]ial :i* w\ld t5d to 8ar\se political1 racial1 or religi\s controv]sy1 misund]/&+1 or hatr$0 !y also wi%$ exclud$4#hea ,9 ! inve/igation1 exam9ation 0 made ( _m ( ! be/ kn[n textbooks 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & gov]nm5t includ+ ^? by ,b>nes1 ,guitteau1 ,h>t1 ,magrud]1 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne1 ,morris & ,we/4 ,9 all ( ^! books ! ,committee f\nd /atem5ts :i* 7 objectionable to !m1 _! *ief disapproval aris+ f ! discussions ( our relation%ip ) ,engl&1 especially 9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution & 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab2 ! incorporation ( controv]sial topics 9 ! textbook2 ! failure to inculcate patriotism2 ! emasculation ( acc\nts ( w>s = ! purpose ( enc\rag+ peace2 & d]ogatory /atem5ts conc]n+ our national h]oes4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! ,report decl>$3 8,?r\gh\t 444 !re %\ld be b "o aim3 to impress ^u ! pupils ! sublime spectacle ( ?irte5 weak colonies spread along fifte5 hundr$ miles ( sea coa/1 poorly equipp$ & poorly discipl9$1 giv+ battle to ! /ronge/ milit>y & naval p[] 9 ! _w4 ,9 addition ! ,coloni/s 7 surr\nd$ by ho/ile ,indians & 9 _! mid/ 0 a l>ge body ( ,tories work+ at times op5ly1 at times secretly1 b1 at all times aga9/ !m4444 ,! pupil mu/ be taught t if lib]ty is to cont9ue #8to dwell 9 our mid/' he mu/ be prep>$1 %\ld occasion arise1 to make simil> sacrifices40#heb ,au?ors ( textbooks1 ! ,report indicat$1 %\ld 8refra9 f su* *>act]izations z #8,w> ,hawks' or f cynical1 s>ca/ic or sne]+ rem>ks conc]n+ ! prosecution ( ! w>40 ,x 0 also felt t su* a /atem5t z ,b>nes made--8,! w> 0 a mi/ake4 ,x 0 a case 9 :i* ang] ov]came judgm5t0--w\ld be ! g5]ator ( an un=tunate attitude 9 ! pupils4#hec ,nor %\ld writ]s indulge 9 controv]sial discussions because 8,! public s*ools are ma9ta9$ by ! public funds4 ,! taxpay]s are ( v>i\s cre$s & political beliefs0 & x is necess>y to respect _! feel+s4#hed ,criticism 0 direct$ t[>d sev]al textbooks because !y fail$ 8to inculcate patriotism by br++ to ! att5tion ( ! pupils ! be/ 9 ! lives1 words & de$s ( our patriots40 ,accord+ to ! ,committee too mu* att5tion 0 giv5 8to ! utt]ance & a*ievem5ts ( ! h]oes ( o!r c\ntries40 ,to ^? :o w\ld (f] disagreem5t to su* a /atem5t because x meant a 8n>r[-vision$ patriotism0 t5d+ to acc5tuate racial consci\sness1 !y (f]$ ! sugge/ion t 89 ! elem5t>y grades1 our prim>y conc]n is to acqua9t ! pupils ) ! de$s & words ( our own h]oes1 & ! traditions ( our own l&40#hee ,ev5 ?\gh d]ogatory /atem5ts reg>d+ our national h]oes might be /atem5ts ( fact1 !y ass]t$ t 8tru? is no def5se to ! *>ge ( impropriety10 = x 8is a solemn & sacr$ obligation0 to pres]ve 8unsulli$ ! "n & fame ( ^? :o h battl$ t we might enjoy ! bless+s ( lib]ty40#hef ,! conclusion ( ! ,committee includ$1 besides ! criticism indicat$ 9 ! discussion ( ! ,report giv5 above1 ! /atem5t t no evid5ce ( int5tional disloyalty _h be5 f\nd on ! "p ( ! au?ors ( ! textbooks al?\gh _! attitude t[>d ! f\nd]s ( ! ,republic 9 "s cases 0 8entirely repreh5sible40 ,nor 0 !re evid5ce to support ! *>ge t ! textbooks _h be5 writt5 z 8a result ( un:olesome propag&a0 al?\gh "s ( ! writ]s frankly /at$ t !y believ$ 8!re ought to be m fri5dly relations betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t !y _h writt5 _! hi/ories f t /&po9t40#heg ,ano!r inve/igation ( ! hi/ory textbooks us$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools 0 project$ 9 ,decemb]1 #aiba1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,hylan city adm9i/ration4 ,on ,decemb] six?1 ,mayor ,john ,f4 ,hylan in/ruct$ ,david ,hir%field1 ,commission] ( ,acc\nts1 to make 8a ?or\gh inve/igation 444 ) reg>d to ! new hi/ory read]s & text-books alleg$ to conta9 anti-,am]ican propag&a1 :i* h be5 introduc$ into ! s*ools ( ?is city40#heh ,to ! ,mayor x 0 a matt] ( consid]able conc]n t ! s*ool *ildr5 ( t city %\ld be 8inoculat$ ) ! poison\s virus ( =eign propag&a :i* seeks to belittle ,am]ican patriots40#hei ,! inquiry 0 begun ,decemb] t5?1 at :i* "t ,j4 ,j4 ,%ields1 an insurance ag5t1 & ,*>les ,grant ,mill] 7 consult$ by ,mr4 ,hir%field4#hfj ,accord+ to ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,mr4 ,hir%field did n wi% to employ exp]ts 9 8 inve/igation1 pref]r+ m5 ( 8s\nd judgm5t0 :o 7 8op5 to conviction40#hfa ,9 ! c\rse ( ! exam9ation ( ! books "u criticism1 ,mr4 ,hir%field held 8five public he>+s dur+ ! p]iod f ,febru>y #c to ,april #ah1 #aibb1 to :i* all ^? int]e/$ 7 invit$40#hfb ,among ^? :o spoke 7 ,alv9 ,e4 ,owsley1 ,national ,comm&] ( ! ,am]ican ,legion1 :o rais$ objections to hi/ory tea*+ 9 :i* 8*ildr5 d n und]/& ! facts0 ( ,am]ican hi/ory2 ,joseph ,t4 ,griff92#hfc ,colonel ,h4 ,b4 ,fairfax1 repres5t+ ! ,vet]ans ( ,=eign ,w>s1 :o 0 surpris$ at ! intimation 9 s*ool textbooks t ,paul ,rev]e's ride 0 a my?2 ,julius ,hyman1 :o felt t ,jewi% h]oes l ,haym ,salomon & ,as] ,levi %\ld be giv5 a place 9 hi/ories2#hfd & ,william ,pick5s1 a negro1 :o wi%$ hi/ory textbooks to record ! fact t ! fir/ man kill$ 9 ! ,bo/on riot 0 ,*ri/mas ,adams ,crispus ,attucks a negro1 t #e1jjj negroes f\ght 9 ,wa%+ton's army1 #bej1jjj 9 ! ,civil ,w> & #djj1jjj 9 ! ,_w ,w>4#hfe ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mr4 ,francis ,m4 ,k9nicut ( ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,_w & ,mr4 ,telfair ,m9ton ( ! ,loyal ,coalition spoke 9 def5se ( ! hi/ories "u attack4#hff ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,hir%field1 8repres5tatives ( ! text book publi%]s0 7 also pres5t b 8none spoke0 9 def5se ( _! books4#hfg ,9 8 inve/igation1 ,mr4 ,hir%field exam9$ ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p1 ,h>t's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne's ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools1 ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,b>nes' ,%ort ,am]ican ,hi/ory by ,grades1 & ,b>nes' ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ,gramm> ,grades4#hfh ,all ( ! books 7 f\nd guilty ( 8promot+ m fri5dly relations & mutual und]/&+ ) ,great ,brita90 to ! ext5t t ! 8s*ool *ildr5 are n[ be+ taught n ! consecrat$ maxim1 #8,taxation )\t repres5tation is tyranny1' b1 q to ! contr>y1 t #89 ,engl&'s taxation ( ! colonies !re 0 no inju/ice or oppression1' & t ! real reason indep5d5ce 0 s\ght1 0 because aft] ,engl& _h at great co/ cru%$ out autocracy 9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e1 ! coloni/s no long] ne$$ ! protection ( ! "m c\ntry1 & 7 unwill+ to pay _! fair %>e ( ! co/s incurr$40#hfi ,mr4 ,hir%field's appraisal is n unlike t ( all o!r critics :o allege t pro-,briti% ag5cies are 9 control ( ! writ+ ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 8,a det]m9$ purpose to disreg>d ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 bre$ disrespect = ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,am]ican in/itutions & belittle ! great m5 & wom5 responsible = ! e/abli%+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica0 is se5 9 ! writ+s ( _m educators :o are *>g$ ) a will+ness 8to be subsidiz$ into sympa?y ) ! ,c>negie design ( #8! reunit$ /ates1 ! ,briti%-,am]ican ,union4'0#hgj ,9 addition to ! grievances urg$ aga9/ ! hi/orians 9 _! treatm5t ( ,anglo-,am]ican relations1 ,mr4 ,hir%field object$ to ! *>act]ization accord$ su* 8great lead]s0 z ,jackson1 ,monroe & ,clay by ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne1 :o ) 8o!r hi/ory revisioni/s %[ a peculi> fondness = ?is unfair me?od ( e/imat+ ! *>act]s ( ,am]ican lead]s40#hga ,among o!r criticisms direct$ aga9/ ,muzzey's hi/ory 0 t ( inaccuracy1#hgb & ,we/'s textbook 0 condemn$ because x 0 writt5 by an 8outright propag&i/ endeavor+ zeal\sly to promote ! ,briti% design ( an ,anglo-,am]ican union40#hgc ,9 ! discussion allott$ by ! ,report to ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,b>nes hi/ories1 ,mr4 ,hir%field po9t$ out *anges made by ^! au?ors 9 revisions :i* h appe>$ s9ce ^! books 7 fir/ criticiz$4 ,^! *anges l$ ,mr4 ,hir%field to rem>k t 8! promptness ) :i* #8mod]n hi/orical s*ol>%ip' may %ift itself to any attitude requir$ is truly amaz+40#hgd ,mr4 ,b>nes1 especially1 he *>g$ ) 8mobility0 ( judgm5t1 b decl>$ t ,b>nes 8is only a ,brooklyn s*ool pr9cipal & is n consid]$ 9 s*ola/ic circles ( colleges & hi/orical associations1 l "s ( ! o!r compla9$-( hi/orians1 :o h be5 s$uc$ into a sycophantic acceptance ( ,engli% au?ority on all ?+s ,am]ican40#hge ,! /atem5ts 9 ! ,hir%field ,report reg>d+ s*ool hi/ories be> a /rik+ simil>ity to ^? ( ,*>les ,grant ,mill]4 ,inde$1 ) b insignificant exceptions ! ,hir%field attacks on ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne's ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools1 ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,b>nes' ,%ort ,am]ican ,hi/ory by ,grades & 8 ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ,gramm> ,grades are c\*$ 9 ! same language z t employ$ by ,*>les ,grant ,mill] 9 8 articles 9 ! ,he>/ newspap]s4 ,fur!rmore1 ! section ( ! ,report devot$ to 8,briti% ,propag&a ,ag5cies are ,active 9 ,am]ica0 is sub/antially a v]batim re-publication ( an article :i* appe>$ ,octob] #ae1 #aibb1 9 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]4#hgf ,a comp>ison ( ! /atem5ts "u ! "n ( ,david ,hir%field & ^? "u t ( ,*>les ,grant ,mill] t5ds to v]ify a /atem5t 9 ! ,new ,york ,tribune :i* ascribes ! au?or%ip ( ! ,hir%field ,report to ,*>les ,grant ,mill]4#hgg ,inde$1 ! ,tribune 9 a s]ies ( articles beg9n+ ,novemb] #e1 #aibc1 discuss$ 9 detail ! ,hir%field ,report & ass]t$ t x is 8a sub/itute pap] = a docum5t turn$ 9 by a reputable s*ol> & exp]t :o _h be5 expressly commission$ at consid]able exp5se to ! city to make a ?or\gh survey ( ! books 9 "q40#hgh ,accord+ to ! ,tribune1 8co9cid5t ) hold+ "s public he>+s0 ! ,commission] ( ,acc\nts 8employ$ ,joseph ,devl91 a recogniz$ lectur] & writ] on hi/orical & educational subjects1 to exam9e ! compla9$-( hi/ories40#hgi ,mr4 ,devl91 8a /aun* support] ( ,tammany0 & ( ,mayor ,hylan1 is said to h includ$ 9 8 report on hi/ory textbooks an exon]ation ( ! 8,briticiz$0 hi/orians1 *>act]iz+ !m z "o hundr$ p] c5t ,am]ican ^: loyalty to ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld n be que/ion$4#hhj ,al?\gh bett] compilations ( ,am]ican hi/ory c\ld be imag9$ by ,mr4 ,devl91 he ass]t$ t ! hi/orians 7 n guilty ( ! *>ges made1--*>ges design$ 8to help keep bigotry1 diss5sion & di/ru/ betwe5 ?is c\ntry & ,engl&40#hha ,besides ! books :i* ! ,hir%field ,report condemn$ z lack+ 9 ,am]icanism1 ,mr4 ,devl9 exam9$ ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,john ,p4 ,o',h>a1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica by ,*>les ,morris1 ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t by ,frank ,a4 ,magrud]1 ,build]s ( ,democracy by ,edw9 ,gre5law1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,*>les ,a4 ,be>d & ,m>y ,r4 ,be>d1 & ,! ,mak+ ( ,our ,c\ntry by ,smi? ,burnham4#hhb ,! ,magrud] & ,gre5law textbooks1 ,mr4 ,devl9 po9t$ out1 7 n hi/ories1 & ! only cause = compla9t :i* he c\ld f9d aga9/ ! latt] 0 ! inclusion ( 8,hymn ( ,love = ,engl&40 ,! =m] 0 describ$ z a 8pla9 "w on civics & gov]nm5t1 n deal+ ) hi/ory at all & free f "o-sid$ op9ion40 ,reg>d+ ! ,morris & ,burnham hi/ories1 ,mr4 ,devl9 f\nd no objection4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,be>d textbook1 h[ev]1 he felt %\ld be ask$ to 8cut out all apologies = ! conduct ( ,engl&10 & ! ,o',h>a volume1 al?\gh 8v well compil$10 0 op5 to *>ges ( bias & a pro-,ca?olic viewpo9t4#hhc ,( ^? hi/ories :i* ! ,hir%field ,report _h condemn$1 ,mr4 ,devl9 f\nd only "o :i* ju/ifi$ ! *>ge ( a pro-,briti% po9t ( view4 ,?is textbook--,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p by ,willis ,mason ,we/--_h be5 bann$ f ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools4 ,! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne hi/ory1 ! ,devl9 ,report decl>$1 %\ld be revis$ 9 su* a way t x w\ld ar\se m 8pride 9 ,am]ican brea/s = ! "p ! =efa!rs ( our c\ntry play$ 9 free+ x f ,engl&10 b x 0 n f\nd culpable 9 _m ( ! respects commonly alleg$4 ,! employm5t ( ,mr4 ,devl9 = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ hi/ory textbooks 0 d5i$ by ,mr4 ,hir%field4 ,! only connection :i* ,mr4 ,devl9 _h ) ! hi/ory inquiry1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,hir%field1 0 to 8li/ all ! textbooks1 p>ticul>ly z to au?or%ip & ! numb] ( textbooks by diff]5t au?ors us$ 9 ! same grade ( "w40 ,lat] :5 8,mr4 ,devl9 took x ^u himself to write a hi/ory report & _h ! audacity to submit same to me1 ,i dismiss$ him at once10 decl>$ ! ,commission] ( ,acc\nts4#hhd ,9 refutation ( ,mr4 ,hir%field's d5ial reg>d+ 8 "p 9 ! hi/ory inquiry1 ,mr4 ,devl9 ass]t$ t he began 8 inve/igation ( hi/ory textbooks on ,decemb] #ba1 #aiba1 z 8an exp]t0 ?r\gh ! direction ( ,mr4 ,james ,mc,ginley1 ,hir%field's 8*ief ( /aff10 & cont9u$ ! "w = sev5 mon?s :5 8! inve/igation 0 br\ght to a close0 due to lack ( funds4#hhe 8,ne>ly a ye> aft] ^! op9ions _h be5 submitt$ by ,mr4 ,devl9 & %elv$10 /at$ ! ,tribune1 8! ,hir%field-,mill] v]sion appe>$44440#hhf ,! ,devl9 ,report 8be+ ! opposite ( :at 8 employ]s want$10 rem>k$ ,! ,new ,york ,times1 8444 ! job 0 turn$ ov] to "o ,*>les ,grant ,mill]1 :o joy\sly & promptly turn$ out1 & 91 a report ( j ! "r--mean+ ! desir$--k9d1 & t is ! "o1 says ! ,tribune1 :i* ,mr4 ,hir%field sign$ & publi%$1 greatly horrify+ a "p ( ! metropolitan population & z mu* amus+ ! re/ ( x40#hhg ,! ,hir%field ,report /imulat$ mu* discussion ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,new ,york1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools ,william ,l4 ,ett+] decl>$ 8t ! v idea ( ! ,commission] ( ,acc\nts inve/igat+ su* a subject z ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! public s*ools 0 highly amus+10 & t ! ,report 0 8belat$ & unnecess>y inasmu* z ! s*ool au?orities _h already condemn$ sev5 ( ! eight hi/ories condemn$ by ,hir%field40#hhh ,! press 9 all sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates devot$ _! columns to ! ,report & to ! tea*+ & writ+ ( hi/ory4 ,! ,atlanta ,j\rnal1 "u ! caption ( 8,politician vs4 ,hi/orian10 rem>k$ t 8,mr4 ,hir%field's views 444 are ( no consequ5ce4 ,b ! g5]al reaction to 8 g&]i% expression ( !m is highly int]e/+ & altoge!r :olesome40 ,! ,new ,york ,_w1 accord+ to ! ,j\rnal1 sugge/$ t 8#8! /&+ ( ! hi/orians :om he attacks is bett] ?an 8 own'2 :ile ! ,buffalo ,news comm5ts3 #8,in/ead ( leav+ hi/ory to educators :o are reput$ to "k some?+ ab\t x1 ! politicians are arrogat+ to !mselves ! "r to det]m9e :at texts %all1 & :at texts %all n1 be us$4'0#hhi 8,! ,new ,engl& view is well reflect$ by ! ,h>t=d ,times10 decl>$ ,! ,j\rnal1 9 say+ t 8#8if we are tea*+ hi/ory & n my?ology we want our *ildr5 to acquire a critical capacity :i* %all enable !m to appraise ! _w !y live 9 by an intellig5t application ( ! k ( ! pa/ 444 if a *ild has be5 tra9$ to believe t betwe5 ! ye>s #aggf & #ahhe all ,am]icans 7 sup]m51 ! appe>ance ( a ,hir%field mu/ come ) some?+ ( a %ock4'0#hij ,simil> s5tim5t 0 express$ by ! ,baltimore ,sun :i* ass]t$ t ,mr4 ,hir%field's 8jazzy little turn on ! public /age w\ld h>dly des]ve notice at all if x 7 n = ! lam5table t5d5cy ( a few excitable citiz5s :om x repres5ts40#hia ,to ! ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana ,news ,s5t9el 8!re is some?+ 9 t "n ,hir%field t s\nds significant10#hib & to ! ,milwaukee ,j\rnal 8! v intemp]ance0 ( ,mr4 ,hir%field's *>ges sugge/$ t he 0 8n )\t 8 own prejudices40#hic ,! ,dubuque ,telegraph-,h]ald ascrib$ ,mr4 ,hir%field's fe>s to 8an ov]-/imulat$ imag9ation0 or to 8! close connection ( 8 *ief1 ,mr4 ,hylan1 ) ,william ,r&olph ,he>/10 :o 8is do+ 8 be/ to /ir up ill-feel+ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita940#hid ,! reaction ( hi/orians 0 reflect$ by ,james ,trusl[ ,adams 9 8 article 8,hi/ory & ! ,l[] ,criticism0 9 ,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly = ,septemb]1 #aibc1 9 :i* he describ$ ! advance made 9 hi/orical s*ol>%ip dur+ ! g5]ation be=e ! ,w>4 8,s9ce !n1 h[ev]10 he decl>$1 8! =ces ( reaction & obscurantism seem to h be5 let loose & to h ga!r$ fre% /r5g?4444 ,p>tly because x hi/ory uses ! language ( ! common man1 ! common man con/itutes himself a judge ( its tru?1 & we h ! spectacle ( a municipal commission] ( acc\nts attack+ ! validity ( ! s*ol>'s "w :ile a t[n *amb] ( comm]ce def5ds x40 8,:at !n ( ! future80 qu]i$ ,mr4 ,adams4 8,is ! writ+ ( popul> hi/ory to be an ef=t to discov] & to dissem9ate among ! p ! true /ory ( mank9d 9 ! pa/1 or is x to be writt5 z an e?ical or political tract1 to fur!r ! passionate conflicts ( ! pres5t80 ,! desire ( ! hi/orian to portray ! tru? & to be j 9 8 e/imates1 is to ,mr4 ,adams a surety t 8! patriot ne$ fe> no dang] to ! ideals & inspiration to be d]iv$ f an ev] m pa9/ak+ scrut9y ( ! hi/ory ( ! colonies & ( ! nation4 ,! hi/orian :o mo/ loves tru? is mo/ likely to love 8 c\ntry40#hie ,o!r cities h pass$ ?r\gh exp]i5ces simil> to t ( ,new ,york1 b less publicity has att5d$ ! inve/igations4 ,on ,octob] #bc1 #aibb1 ! ,city ,c\ncil ( ,bo/on 8unanim\sly pass$ an ord] reque/+ ! ,s*ool ,committee to give a he>+ = ! consid]ation ( c]ta9 objections made to ! use 9 ! public s*ools 444 ( #8,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1' revis$ #aibj1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t2 ,burke's #8,spee* on ,conciliation1' edit$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,w>d #aiai1 & #8,am]ican ,hi/ory1' by ,d4 ,s4 ,muzzey40#hif ,9 compliance ) ?is reque/ ! ,s*ool ,committee 8p]sonally exam9$ ! books "u discussion ) consid]able c>e44440 ,!y also _h prep>$ 8a c>eful & dispassionate review "u ! direction ( all ( ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts ( all or sub/antially all ( ! criticisms made aga9/ ^! books & br\ght to _! att5tion1 & a refutation ( ^! criticisms :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,committee1 ju/ice to ! au?ors dem&s40#hig ,al?\gh ! ,committee 7 n 89 entire sympa?y & agreem5t ) all ! /atem5ts :i* ! books conta910 nor 9 complete accord reg>d+ ! emphasis plac$ ^u 8c]ta9 ev5ts 9 our national hi/ory10 yet !y felt t 8su* diff]5ces0 7 n 8suffici5t to w>rant ! condemnation ( ! books nor ! impea*m5t ( ! s9c]ity & good fai? ( ! au?ors40#hih ,a 8he>+0 reg>d+ ! textbooks "u exam9ation 0 arrang$ = & held by ! ,s*ool ,committee & ! ,city ,c\ncil on ,novemb] #ae1 ! latt] be+ repres5t$ by "o memb]4 8,9 ! c\rse ( ! he>+10 /at$ ! ,report1 8irrelevant & extrane\s matt]s 7 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! ,s*ool ,committee to :i* x li/5$ ) scant pati5ce40 ,:at ! ,s*ool ,committee reg>d$ z 8unw>rant$ & ill-f\nd$ attacks 7 made ^u ! au?ors ( ^! books10 :]eas to ! ,committee 8! real & only "q at issue0 0 :e!r _! ,muzzey's & ,h>t's hi/ories conta9 mat]ial to :i* reasonable & prop] objection may be made4#hii ,9 ! op9ion ( ! ,committee 8no hi/orian _h ev] succe$$ 9 writ+ a book :i* met satisfactorily e po9t ( view1 nor does any hi/ory place an equal am\nt ( emphasis ^u all ! topics :i* x discusses40 ,besides1 8x is cle>ly impossible t "o brief volume %\ld give adequate treatm5t to all ! /eps incid5t to ! orig9 & gr[? ( a great nation40#ijj ,! ,committee also deplor$ 8! c\rse pursu$ by ! critics ( ^! books 9 te>+ f _! context deta*$ s5t5ces & omitt+ explanations & summ>ies :i* are ess5tial to a grasp ( ! au?ors' real mean+40 ,su* a proc$ure1 !y believ$1 w\ld p]mit a critic to f9d an 8opportunity = criticism ( any book t ev] has be5 writt5 on ! subject ( hi/ory1 & inde$ on _m o!r subjects z well40#ija ,aft] hav+ giv5 8due consid]ation to ! matt]10 ! ,s*ool ,committee !re=e 7 ( ! op9ion 8t ! criticisms aga9/ ^! two books0 did n ju/ify 8_! exclusion f ! ,au?oriz$ ,li/40#ijb ,a diss5t+ op9ion1 h[ev]1 0 issu$1 :i*1 8:ile 9 agreem5t0 ) ! ,report1 nev]!less set =? ! view t ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts %\ld ask = c]ta9 *anges 9 ! books :5 !y 7 revis$4#ijc ,9 ! compreh5sive reviews ( ,h>t's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ! ,committee po9t$ out t ! *ief s\rces ( ! criticisms 7 tak5 f 8,mr4 ,*>les ,grant ,mill]1--,treason to ,am]ican ,tradition2 ,mr4 ,wallace ,mc,camant1--,review ( ,muzzey's ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,mr4 ,james ,a4 ,watson1--,spee* be=e ! ,bo/on ,city ,c\ncil & int]view report$ 9 ! ,bo/on ,globe ( ,octob] #bd1 #aibb1 444 & f ! #8,report on ,hi/ory ,text ,books us$ 9 public s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 #aibb4'0 ,9 exam9+ ea* /atem5t :i* _h be5 quot$ to prove t ^! textbooks 7 ,angliciz$ editions1 ! ,committee %[$ t ! 8apologetic attitude t[>d ,engl&0 *>g$ by ! critics c\ld n be s consid]$ :5 quotations 7 tak5 9 _! entirety4 ,9 conclud+ _! reviews1 ! ,committee decl>$1 8,bo? writ]s h %[n a /rik+ s5se ( proportion1 great skill 9 focus+ att5tion ^u :at is vital1 & comm5dable c\rage 9 call+ att5tion to weaknesses & mi/akes 9 our hi/ory1 "s ( :i* /ill ne$ to be correct$4 ,! few defects ( ^! books are insignificant z comp>$ ) _! _m excell5cies4 ,bo? books m>k an advance 9 ! writ+ ( hi/ory texts = s*ool use4 ,bo? are wor?y contributions to ! /udy & tea*+ ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,nei!r ( !m %\ld be exclud$ f our s*ools40#ijd ,because ( alleg$ un-,am]icanism ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p 0 bann$ f ! approv$ li/s ( text books 9 ,alta1 ,i[a1 & ,jackson1 ,m9nesota4#ije ,! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne hi/ory receiv$ l treatm5t 9 ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan4#ijf ,f ! ,san ,jos 7,cali=nia7 ,c>negie ,libr>y ,h>t's ,=mation ( ! ,union1 8 ,national ,ideals ,hi/orically ,trac$1 & ,van ,tyne's ,am]ican ,revolution 7 remov$ by ord]s ( ! libr>y bo>d1 :o decl>$ !m 8un-,am]ican & unfit = read+1 p>ticul>ly by s*ool *ildr540#ijg ,! ,/udy ( ! ,nations by ,h>riet ,tuell 0 prohibit$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,som]ville1 ,massa*usetts1 because ( alleg$ pro-,briti% lean+s4 ,! attacks aga9/ ?is book culm9at$ 9 a bill 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,s5ate1 9 #aiba1 =bidd+ its use 9 any s*ool ( ! commonweal?1 b ! bill di$ 9 committee4 ,,public ,,op9ion ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,c5sor%ip ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,^! endeavors to c5sor hi/ory textbooks h occasion$ mu* discussion by ! press1 by educators & o!rs4 ,to ,! ,new ,york ,times 8h[ev] comm5dable ^! ef=ts to f9d & set =? ! hi/orical tru? may be1 & h[ev] honorable & s9c]e ! motive1 x mu/ be admitt$ by all t ?is is n ! way to #8rewrite hi/ory4'0#ijh ,to ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,globe 8! controv]sy ov] s*ool hi/ories is l>gely betwe5 def5d]s ( doctr9e & def5d]s ( free inquiry1 betwe5 ^? :o d n believe t *ildr5 c be tru/$ ) ! tru? & ^? :o believe t !y c4 ,mo/ ( ! mod]n hi/ories h be5 writt5 by s*ol>s inspir$ by ! sci5tific _s &1 !re=e1 no m t5d] ) my?s ab\t hi/ory ?an a mod]n bact]iologi/ ) my?s ab\t disease4444 ,a true ,am]ican hi/ory ne$ n rob u ( ! /ory ( ,paul ,rev]e or ! rev]5ce = ,george ,wa%+ton1 b x w tea* t p]sonal anecdotes are n ! life ( a nation1 t great m5 z well z mean m5 fl\ri% 9 e g5]ation44440#iji ,! reaction ( tea*]s engag$ 9 ! public s*ools is mu* ! same z t ( ! press4 ,! cont9u$ agitation reg>d+ hi/ories c>ri$ on 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 l$ ! ,high ,s*ool ,tea*]s' ,association to adopt ! foll[+ resolutions3 8,x is resolv$ t ! que/ion+ ( ! ,am]icanism ( tea*]s ( hi/ory 9 ,am]ican s*ools is res5t$1 t ! tea*]s !mselves %\ld be ! judges ( ! cont5t ( ! c\rses1 & t ! object ( tea*+ hi/ory is to give ! tru?ful picture ( ! pa/1 ) due reg>d to ! age ( ! pupil = :om ! "w is int5d$1 & !re=e ! tru? %\ld n be di/ort$ = any purpose :atev]2 bo? sides ( a controv]sial "q %\ld be pres5t$ f an academic po9t ( view s t ! /ud5ts ( hi/ory %all be tra9$ 9 habits ( op5-m9d$ tol]ance40#iaj ,fur!r evid5ce ( a rebellion aga9/ ! c5sor%ip attempt$ ov] hi/ory textbooks 0 manife/$ at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,association ( ,hi/ory ,tea*]s ( ! ,middle ,/ates & ,m>yl& 9 ,may1 #aibc1 :5 a s]ies ( resolutions 0 unanim\sly adopt$ 8deplor+ an agitation bas$ on ei!r ignorance or malice1 or :i* has = its object ! promotion ( animosities betwe5 classes ( nations2 4440#iaa ,9 ,octob]1 #aibc1 ! ,wa%+ton ,/ate ,tea*]s' ,association resolv$3 8#a4 ,t decisions reg>d+ textbooks %\ld be made by ^? sci5tifically tra9$2 #b4 ,t tea*]s :o %[ a lack ( judgm5t 9 ! int]pretation ( texts1 or ^: loyalty is que/ion$1 %\ld be discipl9$1 or dismiss$ by _! own s*ool bo>d4 ,!re %\ld be no blanket *>ge aga9/ ! :ole corps4 #c4 ,t no unbias$ committee ( exam9]s has1 on inve/igation1 sub/antiat$ ! attacks made on ,hi/ory tea*+ 9 ,am]ican s*ools4 #d4 ,t exam9ation w %[ t ! gr\ps mak+ ^! attacks h no und]/&+ ( ! di/9ction betwe5 grade & high s*ool hi/ory1 no conception ( ! me?ods ( tea*+1 nor ( ! necess>y cont5t ( an ,am]ican hi/ory4 #e4 ,t a cursory exam9ation ( ! attacks appe>+ 9 newspap]s & orig9at+ ) organizations prove mu* ( _! *>ge is bas$ on half quotations & a wr5*+ ( s5t5ces f _! context4 ,^! display an entire lack ( ! ,am]ican quality ( fair play40#iab ,! objection ( hi/orical s*ol>s t[>d pres5t-day c5sor%ip ( hi/ory textbooks voic$ itself at a meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association 9 ,decemb]1 #aibc1 :5 ! foll[+ resolutions 7 adopt$3 8,:]eas1 !re has be5 9 progress = sev]al ye>s an agitation conduct$ by c]ta9 newspap]s1 patriotic societies1 frat]nal ord]s1 & o!rs1 aga9/ a numb] ( s*ool text-books 9 hi/ory & 9 favor ( (ficial c5sor%ip1 & 8,:]eas1 ?is propag&a has met ) suffici5t success to br+ ab\t n only acute controv]sy 9 _m cities b ! passage ( c5sor%ip laws 9 sev]al /ates1 !re=e 8,be x resolv$ by ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association1 ^u ! recomm5dation ( its ,committee on ,hi/ory ,tea*+ 9 ! ,s*ools & ( its ,executive ,c\ncil1 t g5u9e & intellig5t patriotism1 no less ?an ! requirem5t ( hone/y & s\nd s*ol>%ip1 dem& t text-book writ]s & tea*]s %\ld /rive to pres5t a tru?ful picture ( pa/ & pres5t1 ) due reg>d to ! diff]5t purposes & possibilities ( elem5t>y1 second>y & advanc$ in/ruction2--t criticism ( hi/ory text-books %\ld !re=e be bas$ n ^u gr\nds ( patriotism b only ^u gr\nds ( fai?fulness to fact z det]m9$ by speciali/s or te/$ by consid]ation ( ! evid5ce2--t ! cultivation 9 pupils ( a sci5tific temp] 9 hi/ory & ! relat$ social sci5ces1 ( a _s ( inquiry & a will+ness to face unpleasant facts1 are f> m important objectives ?an ! tea*+ ( special int]pretations ( p>ticul> ev5ts2--& t attempts1 h[ev] well meant1 to fo/] national arrogance & boa/fulness & indiscrim9ate wor%ip ( national #8h]oes' c only t5d to promote a h>mful pseudo-patriotism2 & 8,be x fur!r resolv$1 t 9 ! op9ion ( ?is ,association ! cle>ly impli$ *>ges t _m ( our lead+ s*ol>s are engag$ 9 treasonable propag&a & t t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,am]ican s*ool tea*]s & (ficials are s /upid or disloyal z to place treasonable text-books 9 ! h&s ( *ildr5 is inh]5tly & obvi\sly absurd2--& 8,be x fur!r resolv$1 t ! successful cont9uance ( su* an agitation mu/ inevitably br+ ab\t a ru9\s det]ioration bo? ( text-books & ( tea*+1 s9ce self-respect+ s*ol>s & tea*]s w n /oop to ! me?ods advocat$40#iac ,! s5tim5t ( o!r educators is mu* ! same z t ( writ]s ( hi/ory & ! hi/ory tea*]4 ,pr(essor ,william ,c4 ,bagley has decl>$ t 8an (ficial public or gov]nm5tal c5sor%ip ov] hi/ory text-books w\ld be a calamity ( ! fir/ magnitude40#iad ,to ,dean ,p]cy ,r4 ,boynton 8! hue & cry ab\t ,am]ican hi/ories = s*ools is a piece ( po/-w> hy/]ia40#iae ,9 g5]al1 ! attitude ( educators c be summ>iz$ 9 ! words ( ,dr4 ,payson ,smi? ( ,massa*usetts3 8,! public s*ool does n owe to bus9ess int]e/s or to special int]e/s or to labor int]e/s ( any k9d t !re %all be con/ruct$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! "y p attitudes & op9ions design$ to be def9itely & specifically helpful to ^? int]e/s4444 ,x is n a legitimate "p ( ! public s*ool program to deal 9 any phase ( propag&a4 ,let ! doors ( ! s*ool-h\se once be op5$ to ! appeals ( ^? :o want 444 any subject taught f ! special viewpo9t ( a gr\p ( p & !y mu/ rema9 op5 until ! s*ools w be s cr[d$ ) ! tea*+s ( ! propag&i/s t !re w be no "t or opportunity left = do+ ! "w :i* is ! prim>y responsibility ( ! s*ools40#iaf ,,footnotes3 #fcg ,9 an article1 8,! ,ang] ( ! ,anglophiles10 ,edw>d ,f4 ,mc,sweeney ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus ,hi/orical ,commission discuss$ ! 8,anglo-,saxon my?40 ,9 8 discussion he ascribes to ,gibbons ! po9t ( view t an 8ov] emphasis ^u ,anglo-,saxonism is positively h>mful to ,anglo-,saxon solid>ity1 t x is a /imulus to ! enemies among ,am]icans ( fri5d%ip ) ,great ,brita910 & 8t ! idea t a bett] und]/&+ ) ,great ,brita9 c be effect$ by rewrit+ our hi/ory textbooks be ab&on$40 ,gibbons1 h[ev]1 po9ts out means ( br++ ab\t 8! bett] und]/&+0 by 8creat+ an irresi/ible public op9ion40 ,columbia1 ,april1 #aibb1 p4 #aj4 #fch ,h>t1 ,alb]t ,bu%nell1 ,s*ool ,books & ,int]national ,prejudices 7,int]national ,conciliation ,bullet91 ,janu>y1 #aiaa1 ,no4 #cb74 ,pr(essor ,h>t po9ts out t a m favorable attitude t[>d ,great ,brita9 develop$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t ! "t ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 & urges t ! ,am]ican ,revolution be taught ,am]ican & ,briti% y\? z 8a deep & broad ,anglo-,saxon movem5t 9 :i* bo? sides _h "s rights & bo? _h "s wrong40 #fci ,a /udy ( ! pres5tation ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 hi/ory textbooks 0 made by ,*>les ,alts*ul 9 #aiag4 ,see ,alts*ul1 ,*>les1 ,! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 ,our ,s*ool ,text-,books 7,new ,york1 #aiag74 ,also see ,wi/]1 ,ow51 ,a ,/raight ,deal or ! ,anci5t ,grudge 7,new ,york1 #aibj74 #fdj ,russell1 ,*>les ,edw>d1 8,beh9d ! ,propag&a ,sc5es10 ,columbia1 ,septemb]1 #aibb1 p4 #e et seq4 ,mr4 ,russell decl>es t ! und]tak+ 0 f9anc$ by ,&rew ,c>negie4 #fda ,william ,all5 ,neilson1 presid5t ( ,smi? ,college1 9 an address be=e ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union1 ,may #af1 #aibj4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 ,may #ag1 #aibj2 also ,bullet9 ,no4 #g1 ,june1 #aibc1 ( ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union 7#cde ,madison ,av5ue1 ,new ,york74 ,ag5cies = ,anglo-,am]ican fri5d%ip ass]t !y h made no attempts to combat pres5t-day ef=ts ( anti-,engli% gr\ps4 7,lett]s to ! au?or "u date ( ,june #bf1 #aibc1 f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,sulgrave ,in/itution1 & "u date ( ,july #f1 #aibc1 f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union47 #fdb ,eagleton1 ,clyde1 8,! ,attitude ( ,our ,textbooks ,t[>d ,engl&10 ,educational ,review1 ,vol4 ,,lvi 7,decemb]1 #aiah71 pp4 #dbd-dbi4 #fdc ,s*uyl]1 ,rob]t ,liv+/on1 8,hi/ory & ,public ,op9ion10 ,educational ,review1 ,vol4 ,,lv 7,m>*1 #aiah71 pp4 #aha-aij4 #fdd ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,july #c1 #aiba4 #fde ,9 ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,july #c1 #aiba1 & ,octob] #ae1 #aibb4 ,! latt] 0 n ! la/ article writt51 h[ev]4 #fdf ,ibid41 ,janu>y #ad1 #aibc4 #fdg ,ibid41 ,july #c1 #aiba4 ,9 ,o',h>a's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?irte5 l9es are giv5 to ,patrick ,h5ry's opposition to ! ,/amp ,act1 ov] f\r ( :i* are devot$ to ! words by ,h5ry3 8#8,t>qu9 & ,caes> ea* _h 8 ,brutus2 ,*>les ,i 8 ,cromwell2 & ,george ,,iii--7"h cries ( 8,treason6 ,treason60 f ! ,speak] & o!rs 7 he>d7--may pr(it by _! example4 ,if ?is be treason make ! mo/ ( x4'0 pp4 #abd-abe4 ,on ! o!r h&1 six l9es are allott$ to a discussion ( ,pitt's reaction t[>d ! repeal ( ! ,/amp ,act1 & approximately ?ree l9es to direct quotation f him4 78,:5 ! "q ( repeal came up 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,pitt #8rejoic$ t ,am]ica _h resi/$4' ,he 0 glad t ,am]icans 7 n #8s dead to all ! feel+s ( lib]ty z volunt>ily to submit to be slaves4'07 p4 #abf4 7,o',h>a1 ,john ,p41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,new ,york1 #aiai74 ,!re has be5 only "o edition ( ?is hi/ory textbook4 #fdh ,ibid4 #fdi ,ibid41 ,july #ag1 #aiba4 #fej ,ibid4 #fea ,ibid4 #feb ,ibid4 #fec ,ibid4 #fed ,ibid41 ,july #bd1 #aiba4 ,! article is entitl$ 8,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce is ,c5sor$3 ,engl&'s ,guilt = ,revolution ,disput$ 9 ,new ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ories40 #fee ,ibid4 ,?is *>act]ization ( ! colonials z 8ignorant & sup]/iti\s0 is 9 a *apt] devot$ to 8,life 9 ! ,colonies0 9 :i* are discuss$1 among o!r ?+s1 8,colonial ,ignorance & ,sup]/ition0 & 8,! ,salem ,wit*craft40 ,9 ! p>agraph on 8,colonial ,ignorance & ,sup]/ition10 ! foll[+ s5t5ce is indicative ( ! tr5d3 8,hornets 7 ?\ght to come f ! decay+ bodies ( horses1 & honey bees f cattle40 ,! quotation reg>d+ ,h5ry is z foll[s3 8444 ,patrick ,h5ry1 a gay1 unprosp]\s1 & hi!rto unkn[n c\ntry lawy]1 :o made 8 reputation by decl>+ ) m>vel\s eloqu5ce t !re 0 a limit to ! legal control :i* ! ,k+ might ex]t ov] ,colonial law-mak+10 page #ada4 ,mc,laughlin1 ,&rew ,c41 & ,van ,tyne1 ,claude ,hal/ead1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools 7,new ,york1 #aiaa74 #fef ,ibid4 ,9 ! #aiaa edition ( ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne's textbook1 8,we h met ! enemy & !y are ours0 appe>s on page #bdg4 ,! quotation 8,don't give up ! %ip0 is on page #bdh1 b a footnote sugge/s t ,lawr5ce's real words seem to h be51 8,fight ! %ip until %e is sunk10 :ile ^? usually giv5 are ! words ( ! boy :o took ! message on deck4 #feg ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,septemb] #bh1 #aiba4 #feh ,ibid4 #fei ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,novemb] #bj1 #aiba4 #ffj ,ibid4 #ffa ,ibid4 #ffb ,ibid4 ,mr4 ,mill] quotes ?us3 8,france %ut h] eyes :5 "s gallant ,fr5* (fic]s1 especially ,m>quis ,de ,lafayette & ,b>on ,de ,kalb1 w5t to ,am]ica z volunte]s1 p4 #acf40 ,9 ,pr(essor ,h>t's book ! quotation is z foll[s3 8,ag5ts 7 s5t to ,p>is to ask help2 ! ,fr5* secretly gave !m milit>y supplies & money & %ut _! eyes :5 "s gallant "y ,fr5* (fic]s1 especially ,m>quis de ,lafayette & ,de ,kalb1 w5t to ,am]ica z volunte]s40 7,h>t1 ,alb]t ,bu%nell1 ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,new ,york1 #aibj1 p4 #acf47 #ffc ,ibid4 #ffd ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,may #ad1 #aibb4 ,lett] f ,william ,e4 ,borah to ,p4 ,b4 ,arnell1 ,manag] ,oregon ,tea*]'s ,mon?ly1 ,salem1 ,oregon4 #ffe ,ibid4 #fff ,ibid4 #ffg ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,may #ba1 #aibb4 #ffh ,ibid4 #ffi ,ibid4 #fgj ,ibid4 #fga ,ibid41 ,septemb] #aj1 #aibb4 #fgb ,ibid4 #fgc ,ibid4 #fgd ,ibid4 #fge ,ibid4 #fgf ,ibid4 #fgg ,ibid4 #fgh ,greg1 ,p]cy1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,f\ndation ( ,virg9ia to ! ,recon/ruction ( ! ,union4 #b v4 7,london1 #ahhg71 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #acd4 #fgi ,ibid41 pp4 #afe1 #afh4 #fhj ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,octob] #ae1 #aibb4 #fha ,ibid4 ,accord+ to a pamphlet ( ! ,engli%-,speak+ ,union 8x is an organization bas$ on individual memb]%ip1 & is non-political & non-sect>ian4 ,x aims at no alliance1 & is n connect$ ) gov]nm5ts4 ,x takes = grant$ t ! gr[? ( fri5d%ip betwe5 ,engli%-speak+ peoples 9 no way implies or produces unfri5dly relations betwe5 ,engli%-speak+ peoples & ^? ( o!r l&s & tongues40 #fhb ,ibid4 #fhc ,ibid4 #fhd ,ibid4 #fhe ,ibid4 #fhf ,ibid4 #fhg ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,janu>y #ad1 #aibc4 ,?is article names o!rs ?an educators z op5 to ! *>ges ( 8,anglicization40 ,among ^! are ,rev4 ,dr4 ,james ,e4 ,b>ton1 ,george ,e4 ,rob]ts1 a ,magna ,*>ta ,day ,committeeman1 vice-presid5t & publicity manag] ( ! ,national ,city ,bank1 ,new ,york & 8propag&a exp]t ( ! ,int]national ,bank+ ,corporation10 :o1 ) 8,h5ry ,s4 ,prit*ett1 presid5t ( ! ,c>negie ,f\ndation1 conducts a correspond5ce s*ool 9 #8,economics = ,bus9ess ,executives1' ano!r spaci\s *annel = special privilege40 #fhh ,ibid4 ,edw9 ,gre5law's book1 ,problems ( ,democracy1 0 condemn$ also by ,mr4 ,mill]4 ,x is n a hi/ory textbook1 h[ev]4 #fhi ,ibid4 #fij ,! ,new ,york ,am]ican1 ,novemb] #d1 #aibc4 ,! article = :i* apology 0 (f]$ appe>$ 9 ! issue ( ,april #a1 #aibc1 "u ! caption ( 8,u4 ,s4 ,hi/ories made up ( ,briti% ,sl&]s40 ,! article criticiz$ c]ta9 *>act]izations ( h]oic *>act]s 9 ,am]ican hi/ory z3 8,engli%m5 ( t day believ$ s9c]ely t ! ,revolution 0 ! "w ( a gr\p ( #8soreheads4' ,george ,wa%+ton1 z a y\?1 _h be5 refus$ a covet$ commission 9 ! ,briti% ,army4 ,sam ,adams' fa!r _h be5 ru9$ by ! wise ,briti% veto ( a ,massa*usetts #8,l& ,bank4' ,! old] ,otis _h fail$ to secure an appo9tm5t on ! ,massa*usetts b5*4 ,alex&] ,hamilton 0 a p5niless & briefless law /ud5t ) no *ance = special advancem5t unless by fi%+ 9 tr\bl$ wat]40 ,! /atem5t ( ! ,am]ican foll[s 9 "p3 8,! fact is1 t ! p>agraph ref]r$ to imm$iately prec$$ ! foll[+ qualify+ p>agraph3 #8,all ?is ( c\rse z an explanation ( ! "p play$ by ,wa%+ton1 ,adams1 ,otis & ,hamilton1 0 z absurd z 0 ! view ( _m ,am]icans t high-m9d$ m5 l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,oliv] & ,gov]nor ,hut*9son ( ,massa*usetts 7 loyali/s simply to cl+ to (fice & sal>y4 ,b _h ! ,briti% *>ge be5 true1 :at great] condemnation c\ld be devis$ = ! old colonial sy/em ?an t "u x ,george ,wa%+ton c\ld n get a petty lieut5ant's appo9tm5t & t a g5ius l ,hamilton _h practically no *ance = advancem5t unless tak5 up by "s great g5tlem54'0 ,we/1 ,willis ,mason1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p 7,bo/on1 #aiah74 #fia ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,april #bj1 #aibd4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill] ! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne textbook1 among o!r 8corrections0 made1 includ$ 9 ! late/ edition 8,na?an ,hale1 :o _h be5 omitt$ entirely 444 z "o :o #8risk$ all = 8 c\ntry's cause4'0 ,^! au?ors also h1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill]1 8improv$ ! picture ( ,patrick ,h5ry0 by describ+ him ?us3 8,a hi!rto unkn[n c\ntry lawy]1 b a s9c]e lov] ( lib]ty40 8,su* corrections & _m o!rs 9 ?is "o book & all ! innum]able corrections t h be5 made 9 five o!r texts c h b "o significance10 conclud$ ,mr4 ,mill]4 8,! ,angliciz$ au?ors h come to realize t ! ,am]ican p w n tol]ate ,angliciz$ hi/ories 9 our public s*ools40 #fib ,bullet9 ( ! ,patriot ,league 7,*>les ,grant ,mill]1 ,organiz+ ,director1 ,rosebank1 ,new ,york ,city1 #aibb74 #fic ,ibid4 #fid ,ibid4 #fie ,mill]1 ,*>les ,grant1 ,treason to ,am]ican ,tradition 7,new ,york71 p4 #f4 ,! books by ,w>d & ,gre5law are lit]ature textbooks4 ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p 0 attack$ on mu* ! same basis z o!r hi/ories 9 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,m>* #e1 #aibb4 #fif ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,novemb] #bf1 #aiba4 ,editorial 8,appeal+ ,n[ to ,tea*]s40 ,! editorial fir/ discuss$ ! mail+ ( ! pamphlet to _m tea*]s 9 ,new ,york's public s*ools4 #fig ,griff91 ,joseph ,t41 ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,mu/ ,x ,be ,rewritt5 to ,pres]ve ,our ,=eign ,fri5d%ips8 7,knights ( ,columbus ,hi/orical ,commission1 ,bo/on1 #aibb71 p4 #d4 #fih ,ibid41 p4 #c4 #fii ,mc,sweeney1 ,edw>d ,f41 ,am]ica ,fir/ 7,bo/on1 ,mass474 #gjj ,ibid41 p4 #d-e4 #gja ,ibid41 p4 #e4 ,he cites ,hosm]1 ,samuel ,adams1 p4 #bfc4 #gjb ,ibid41 pp4 #e-f4 #gjc ,ibid41 p4 #e4 #gjd ,ibid41 pp4 #f-g4 #gje ,^! m51 ) ! exception possibly ( "o1 h writt5 no hi/ory textbooks al?\gh !y may h writt5 books & articles = ! g5]al read] favorable to an ,anglo-,am]ican und]/&+4 #gjf ,ibid41 p4 #i4 ,quot$ f ,! ,london ,times1 ,july #d1 #aiai4 ,_m ( ! 8re=m$0 s*ool-books1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney1 attempt to picture ,george ,,iii z a ,g]man mon>*1 & 8consequ5tly ! fight ( ! colonials 0 aga9/ ,g]many10 !reby leav+ an errone\s impression4 ,ibid41 p4 #aj4 #gjg ,ibid41 pp4 #aa-ab4 #gjh ,ibid41 p4 #ab4 #gji ,ibid41 pp4 #ab-ac4 #gaj ,o',bri51 ,mi*ael ,j41 ,a ,hidd5 ,phase ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,publi%$ by ,dodd1 ,mead & ,company1 #aiai4 #gaa ,o',bri51 op4 cit4 ,! *apt]s are entitl$3 ,attitude ( ! ,p ( ,irel& t[>d ! ,am]ican ,coloni/s1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's ,visits to ,irel&1 ,iri% ,sympa?y = ! ,revolt+ ,colonies1 ,ef=ts to ,conciliate ! ,iri% ,ca?olics1 ,hi/ory by ,suppression1 ,irel&'s ,%>e 9 ,am]ica's ,fight = ,fre$om1 ,false ,/atem5ts ,refut$1 ,iri% ,names 9 ,am]ican ,mu/]-,rolls1 ,! ,fri5dly ,sons ( ,sa9t ,patrick1 8,! ,l9e ( ,irel&10 ,m ,hi/ory by ,suppression1 ,m>ion1 ,lacey1 & ,mc,clure1 ,iri%m5 ,flock to ! ,/&>d ( ,wa%+ton1 ,iri% ,immigration ,prior to ! ,revolution1 ,va/ ,iri% ,immigrations to ,p5nsylvania1 ,! 8,scot*-,iri%0 ,my?1 ,e>ly ,iri% ,settlem5ts 9 ,new ,york1 ,! 8,iri% ,donation10 ,e>ly ,iri% ,settl]s 9 ,virg9ia1 ,m ,light on ! 8,scot*-,iri%0 ,my?1 ,e>ly ,iri% ,settl]s 9 ! ,c>ol9as1 ,pre-,revolution>y ,iri% 9 ,georgia1 ,! ,fir/ ,c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,am]ica's ,debt to ,irel&4 ,! obscurity :i* envelops ! ,iri% 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 ,mr4 ,o',bri5 believes1 is because ( ! 8prem$itat$ suppression ( facts0 due to ! influ5ce ( ! 8,anglo-,saxon cult40 ,ibid41 pp4 #bda-bdb4 #gab ,mc,clure1 ,s4 ,s41 8,"s ,delusions ab\t ,irel&10 ,mc,clure's ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 ,,lii 7,june1 #aibb71 pp4 #ic-ajc4 ,quot$ f ! ,iri% ,_w1 ,augu/ #bc1 #aiai4 #gac ,r$d91 ,john ,h41 8,! ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,conte/10 ,columbia1 ,septemb]1 #aiba1 p4 #ab4 #gad ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,may #bi1 #aiba4 #gae ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,augu/ #a1 #aiba4 #gaf ,ibid41 ,augu/ #d1 #aiba4 ,rem>ks ( ,supreme ,ma/] ,john ,h4 ,r$d91 ( ,d5v]4 ,accord+ to ,*>les ,grant ,mill]1 ! ,knights ( ,columbus took ! matt] up aft] 8my fir/ s]ies ( exposures ( ,angliciz$ alt]ation0 propos+ 8to produce a new s*ool hi/ory40 ,opposition l$ !m 8to )draw f ?is project10 b to issue 8hi/orical bro*ures to ! g5]al public40 ,lett]1 "u date ( ,novemb] #bc1 #aibb1 f ,c4 ,g4 ,mill] to ! au?or4 #gag ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,septemb] #h1 #aiba4 ,accord+ to ! ,times o!r memb]s ( ! ,commission besides ,mc,sweeney1 :o 7 pres5t at ! meet+1 7 ,re> ,admiral ,william ,b5son1 ,maurice ,francis ,egan1 ,pr(essor ,george ,d]ry ( ,union ,college1 & ,pr(essor ,*>les ,h4 ,mc,carthy ( ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ( ,am]ica4 ,all sign$ ! /atem5t1 ! ,times report$4 ,a tru/wor?y ,ca?olic au?ority in=m$ ! au?or t ,h5ry ,jones ,=d ( ,pr9ceton & ,hannis ,taylor1 =m] m9i/] to ,spa91 7 on ! ,commission4 ,at ,taylor's dea? ,dr4 ,dunne succe$$4 ,egan e>ly resign$1 x is said1 due to 8 fe> ( anti-,briti% t5d5cies4 #gah ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,janu>y #a1 #aibb4 ,! am\nt ( ! fir/ prize 0 #bejj1 accord+ to an ann\ncem5t 9 ,columbia1 ,septemb]1 #aiba1 p4 #ab4 ,?is prize 0 aw>d$ to ,samuel ,f4 ,bemis1 a ,prote/ant1 ( ,:itman ,college1 ,walla ,walla1 ,wa%+ton4 ,accord+ to ,! ,=tnightly ,review ?is "w 0 n inspir$ by ! ,commission1 = 8x 0 practically complet$ :5 ! prize 0 ann\nc$ & w\ld h be5 publi%$ ?is ye> anyh[40 ,! ,review also /ates t x 0 8! only sci5tific /udy submitt$40 ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxx 7,novemb] #a1 #aibc71 p4 #dbb4 #gai ,mc,sweeney1 ,edw>d ,f41 8,! ,ang] ( ! ,anglophiles10 ,columbia1 ,april #a1 #aibb1 p4 #aj4 #gbj ,ibid4 #gba 8,! ,k4 ( ,c4 ,hi/orical ,commission10 ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxx 7,decemb] #a1 #aibc71 pp4 #deg-deh4 ,! ,commission is report$ to h sp5t betwe5 #hj1jjj & #ij1jjj4 #gbb ,accord+ to a reputable ,ca?olic au?ority1 ,mr4 ,mc,sweeney's sal>y 0 #ab1jjj & exp5ses4 #gbc ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 loc4 cit4 ,! writ] ( ! article 0 ( ! op9ion t 8) ,ca?olic laym5 fill+ *airs ( hi/ory & political sci5ce at ,h>v>d1 ,columbia1 ,bryn ,mawr1 ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity1 & else:]e1 & ) o!r ,ca?olics engag$ 9 libr>y & ar*ival "w ( importance1 x is small wond] t ! ,commission1 conta9+ ! "n ( b "o engag$ 9 ! pr(ession ( hi/ory1 fail$ to w9 ! confid5ce ( ^? int]e/$ 9 hi/ory40 #gbd ,ibid4 #gbe ,h>t1 ,alb]t ,bu%nell1 op4 cit41 p4 #abj4 #gbf ,ibid41 p4 #abf4 #gbg ,ibid41 p4 #ade4 ,^! attacks are f\nd 9 ,griff91 op4 cit4 #gbh ,griff91 op4 cit41 p4 #e4 8,o!rs 7 drawn into ! army by money1 b\nties & promise ( l&40 ,h>t1 op4 cit41 p4 #acd4 ,mr4 ,griff9 asks3 8,is ?is build+ up or break+ d[n ! morale ( a nation8 ,! consid]ation ( su* /atem5ts may be a pa9less intellectual "q = ! adult--b to ! impressionable m9ds ( ! "y ! effect is unque/ionably bad40 #gbi ,ibid41 p4 #f4 ,quotation f ,mc,laughlin1 ,&rew ,c41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,nation 7,new ,york1 #aiai71 p4 #aeb4 ,mc,laughlin goes on to say t ! 8,revolution 0 ju/ifiable because ! coloni/s /ood = c]ta9 fundam5tal pr9ciples t 7 wov5 into ! v fabric ( _! lives40 #gcj ,ibid41 p4 #g4 ,b>nes1 ,ev]ett1 ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ,gramm> ,grades 7,new ,york1 #aibj74 #gca ,griff91 op4 cit41 p4 #i4 #gcb ,ibid41 p4 #aa4 #gcc ,ibid41 p4 #h4 ,objections 7 lodg$ aga9/ ,john ,p4 ,o',h>a's hi/ory al?\gh he is a ,ca?olic4 ,9 ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 ,april #ae1 #aibd1 ,mr4 ,o',h>a prote/s aga9/ ! criticisms direct$ aga9/ him3 8,z long z ! criticisms 7 conf9$ to ! ,he>/ press & simil> secul> m$iums ( publicity ,i 0 able to foll[ ! discussion )\t be+ greatly di/urb$2 b :5 ) ! bless+ ( ! ,k4 ( ,c4 ,hi/orical ,commission ! ,he>/ #8au?ority' 0 all[$ a page 9 ,columbia1 ! (ficial ,k4 ,c4 organ1 on :i* to spread 8 *>ge t ,i1 among o!rs1 0 a ,b5$ict ,arnold :o _h sold 8 c\ntry = ,briti% gold1 & :51 9 addition1 8 /uff 0 widely repr9t$ 9 ! ,ca?olic press1 a diff]5t situation 0 creat$4444 ,i receiv$ lett]s f v>i\s p]sons compla9+ 444 t a man ( my "n %\ld h fall5 a victim to ,briti% ag5cies ( corruption4 ,"o su* lett] put me 9 di/+ui%$ company 9 ?is fa%ion3 8#8,judas1 #cj pieces ( silv]2 ,b5$ict ,arnold1 #aj1jjj p\nds & a coronet3 ,o',h>a888'0 ,! ,=tnightly ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxxi 7,april #ae1 #aibd71 pp4 #aef-aeg4 #gcd ,! ,gaelic ,am]ican1 ,m>* #aa1 #aibb1 p4 #f4 8,mc,sweeney on ! ,s*ools40 ,! pamphlet by ,mr4 ,griff91 f :i* ! au?or has quot$1 0 publi%$ by ! ,hudson ,c\nty ,f$]ation ( ! ,holy ,"n ,society 7#aibb7 8z a guide to ,,r$-,,blood$ ,,am]icans ) ! moral fibre /rong en\gh to believe & insi/ t ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 crimson$ ) ! blood ( our m>tyrs1 %all be ma9ta9$ 9 its entirety & %all be elaborat$ ^u by ^? au?ors alone1 :o1 z ,am]icans1 /ill believe ,,9 ,,! ,,magnific5t ,,/ructure ,,:i* ,,! ,,=efa!rs ,,( ,,?is ,,republic ,,h ,,re>$ ,,& ,,:i* ,,mu/ ,,endure40 #gce ,jaeg]s1 ,alb]t1 ,a ,brief ,sket* ( ! ,life & ,"* ( ,b>on von ,/eub5 7,/eub5 ,society ,publication1 ,jacob ,leisl] ,unit71 p4 #e4 ,9 ! he>+s 9 ! ,s5ate ,judici>y ,committee to repeal ! *>t] ( ! ,g]man-,am]ican ,alliance 9 #aiah1 x 0 reveal$ t ?is organization _h endeavor$ to control hi/ory textbooks4 ,9 conjunction ) ! ,anci5t ,ord] ( ,hib]nians 9 ,am]ica 9 #aijg1 ! ,alliance _h resolv$ 8to recomm5d a sy/ematic inve/igation ( ! %>e all races h _h 9 ! developm5t ( our c\ntry1 9 w> & 9 peace1 f ! e>lie/ days1 z ! basis = ! f\nd+ & cont9uance ( an unbias$ ,am]ican hi/ory40 ,9 ! te/imony x 0 decl>$ t x 0 _! purpose 8to give cr$it :]e cr$it is due0 because 89 all ( our curr5t s*ool hi/ories1 & mo/ o!rs1 444 ! ,anglo-,saxon has be5 glorifi$ & exalt$ to ! exclusion ( ^? o!rs :o did s mu* = ?is c\ntry1 l ! ,iri% & ! ,g]mans & ! o!r c\ntries40 8,he>+s be=e ! ,subcommittee ( ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate10 #fe? ,congress1 #b;d ,session1 ,s5ate ,report #cebi1 p4 #fde et seq4 ,at ! same "t ,pr(essor ,samuel ,b4 ,h>d+ te/ifi$ t 9 #aiae objection 0 rais$ to a *apt] on ! ,_w ,w> :i* he _h writt5 = a high s*ool textbook & t 8 publi%]s 7! ,am]ican ,book ,company7 _h be5 w>n$ t su* w\ld be 8consid]$ obnoxi\s10 & t 8! organization no d\bt w\ld feel itself oblig$ to actively oppose ! use ( su* a book 9 any s*ool any:]e 9 any /ate40 ,ibid41 pp4 #fai-fbj4 #gcf ,s4 ,s4 ,bullet91 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #ac 7,febru>y #a1 #aibb71 p4 #a4 #gcg ,ibid41 ,no4 #ad 7,febru>y #ae1 #aibb74 #gch ,ibid4 #gci ,ibid4 #gdj ,ibid4 #gda ,ibid4 #gdb ,ibid4 #gdc ,s*rad]1 ,fr$]ick ,frankl91 8#afhc-aibj0 7,new ,york1 #aibj71 pp4 #bb-be4 ,!re are ! same quotations f ,george ,hav5 ,putnam1 ,ow5 ,wi/]1 & ,"l ,nor?cliffe z f\nd 9 ! ,knights ( ,columbus pamphlets4 ,see page #bbg4 #gdd ,ibid41 p4 #be4 #gde ,! ,/4 ,l\is ,/>1 ,june #bg1 #aibc4 ,! resolution 0 adopt$ ,june #bf4 ,x is /at$ t ?ree hundr$ delegates 7 pres5t at ! conv5tion4 #gdf ,ibid4 #gdg ,ibid4 #gdh ,s4 ,s4 ,bullet91 loc4 cit4 #gdi ,s*rad]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #i-aj4 ,! place ( ! ,g]man elem5t 9 ,am]ican hi/ory _h be5 treat$ by ,fau/ t5 ye>s prior to ,s*rad]'s book4 ,fau/1 ,alb]t ,b41 ,! ,g]man ,elem5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) especial ref]5ce to its political1 social & educational influ5ce 7,bo/on1 #aiji74 #gej ,s*rad]1 op4 cit4 ,ridd]1 ,victor1 ,! ,g]mans 9 ,am]ica 7,new ,york1 #aibb71 & ,jaeg]s1 op4 cit4 #gea ,s*rad]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ai4 #geb ,ibid41 p4 #aj4 #gec ,ridd]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ad4 ,9 #aiag1 an inve/igation ( ! mo/ commonly us$ textbooks 9 hi/ory 0 made by ,timo?y ,t4 ,lew to det]m9e ! treatm5t giv5 ,*9ese-,am]ican relations4 ,mr4 ,lew's conclusion 0 t ! attitude ( ,am]icans t[>d ! ,*9ese 0 likely to be "o ( indiff]5ce or prejudice because ( ! lack ( att5tion giv5 9 textbooks1 or because _m ev5ts :i* w\ld %[ cordial relations _h be5 ov]look$4 ,lew1 ,timo?y ,t41 8,*9a 9 ,am]ican ,s*ool ,text-,books10 ,spl4 ,suppl4 to ,! ,*9ese ,social & ,political ,sci5ce ,review1 ,vol4 ,,vi-,,vii 7,july1 #aibc74 #ged ,*afee1 ,ze*>iah1 8,fre$om ( ,spee*10 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xvii 7,novemb] #af1 #aiah71 p4 #fg4 ,also ,espionage ,act ,cases ) ,c]ta9 ,o!rs on ,relat$ ,po9ts1 compil$ & edit$ by ,walt] ,nelles 7,new ,york1 #aiah71 pp4 #cc-ce4 ,! case is li/$ z ,! ,unit$ ,/ates vs ,motion ,picture ,film 8,! ,_s ( '#gf40 ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,cali=nia1 ,s\!rn ,division1 ,novemb] #cj1 #aiag1 "u ,judge ,bl$soe4 #gee ,h>r1 ,t4 ,ev]ett1 8,%ad[ ,huns & ,o!rs10 ,! ,national ,civic ,f$]ation ,review1 ,vol4 ,,iv 7,febru>y #ae1 #aiai71 pp4 #ab-af4 #gef ,ibid4 #geg ,report ( ! ,committee f ! ,fa!rs ( ,soldi]s' ,league to ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,des ,mo9es1 ,i[a1 #aiah4 7,9 manuscript47 #geh ,quot$ f ,rob9son1 ,james ,h>vey1 ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,times 7,new ,york1 #aiah74 ,! committee :o inve/igat$ ! textbook haz>d$ ?is rem>k ^u ! exc]pt quot$3 8,x w\ld seem to y\r committee t ! hi/orian has ano!r guess com+1 & t ,g]many is n liable to get h] colonies back or any indemnities40 ,report1 loc4 cit4 #gei ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,special ,bullet9 ,no4 #d4 ,s]ies ( #aiah4 ,! committee includ$ ,e4 ,d4 ,adams1 ,arley ,b4 ,%[1 ,w4 ,a4 ,morris1 ,e4 ,i4 ,mc,cormac1 ,w4 ,j4 ,coop]4 #gfj ,! ,seattle ,/>1 ,septemb] #cj1 #aiah1 ,editorial4 #gfa ,h>r1 loc4 cit4 #gfb ,bullet9 ( ! ,montana ,/ate ,c\ncil ( ,def5se1 ,april #bb1 #aiah4 ,we/1 ,anci5t ,_w 7,bo/on1 #aiac71 p4 #egj4 #gfc ,=ty-,n9? ,annual ,report ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education 444 ( ,rhode ,isl&1 ,janu>y1 #aiai1 pp4 #gg1 #ha4 ,! hi/ory textbooks 7 n nam$4 #gfd ,in=mation ga9$ ?r\gh a que/ionnaire s5t to ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction 9 ea* /ate4 ,all /ates b ,s\? ,c>ol9a repli$4 #gfe ,a ,syllabus ( ! ,_w ,w> = ,use 9 ! ,high ,s*ools ( ,! ,city ( ,new ,york adopt$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts 7,dep>tm5t ( ,education ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 #aiah71 p4 #e4 #gff 8,accept$ ,fable10 ,! ,freeman1 ,vol4 ,,vii 7,june #bg1 #aibc71 pp4 #cff-cfg4 #gfg ,see page #bdh4 ,pr(essor ,we/ is au?or ( ,mod]n ,progress 7,bo/on1 #aibj7 b n ( ,! ,/ory ( ,human ,progress4 ,! quotation 0 n v]ifi$4 #gfh 8,w> 9 ! ,textbooks10 ,! ,nation1 ,vol4 ,,cxix 7,sept4 #ag1 #aibd71 p4 #bgg4 #gfi ,ibid4 ,see ,haz51 ,*>les ,d[n]1 ,mod]n ,europe 7,new ,york1 #aibj71 p4 #fij4 #ggj ,b>nes1 ,h>ry ,elm]1 8,sev5 ,books ( ,hi/ory aga9/ ! ,g]mans10 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xxxviii 7,m>* #ai1 #aibd71 "p ,,ii1 pp4 #aj-ae4 ,also see ,pr(essor ,haz5's lett] 9 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xxxviii 7,may #g1 #aibd71 pp4 #bhd-bhe4 ,on ! "q ( ! orig9 ( ! ,w> a s]ies ( articles by ,pr(essor ,b>nes appe>$ 9 ,! ,*ri/ian ,c5tury = ,octob]1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 #aibe4 ,see also ,b>nes1 ,h>ry ,elm]1 9 ,curr5t ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,xxii 7,may1 #aibd71 on ! orig9 ( ! ,w>2 also ,fay1 ,sidney ,b41 8,new ,light on ! ,orig9s ( ! ,_w ,w>10 ,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxvi 7,octob]1 #aibj71 pp4 #cg-ec2 ,fay1 ,sidney ,brad%aw1 8,! ,black ,h& ,plot t l$ to ! ,_w ,w>10 ,curr5t ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,xxiii 7,novemb]1 #aibe71 pp4 #aif-bjg4 #gga ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,rob9son1 ,james ,h>vey1 & ,be>d1 ,*>les ,a41 ,hi/ory ( ,europe ,our ,own ,times 7,bo/on1 #aiba71 pp4 #edc-edd4 #ggb ,! ,nation1 loc4 cit4 ,see ,hayes1 ,c>lton ,j4 ,h41 & ,moon1 ,?omas ,p>k]1 ,mod]n ,hi/ory 7,new ,york1 #aibc74 #ggc ,taft1 ,donald ,r41 8,hi/orical ,textbooks & ,int]national ,diff]5ces0 7,*icago1 #aibe74 ,guitteau1 ,william ,backus1 ,our ,unit$ ,/ates 7,new ,york1 #aibc74 ,long1 ,william ,j41 ,am]ica 7,bo/on1 #aibc74 #ggd ,k5dig-,gill1 ,isabel1 8,w> & ,peace 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,text-,books10 ,national ,c\ncil = ,prev5tion ( ,w>1 ,wa%+ton1 p4 #aj4 ,! au?or quotes passages to prove h] cont5tion f ,mace's ,beg9n]'s ,hi/ory1 ,muzzey's ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 & ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,also 8,drugg+ ! ,"y ,idea10 ,! ,freeman1 ,vol4 ,,vii 7,augu/ #bb1 #aibc71 pp4 #eef-eeg4 #gge ,! ,ottumwa1 ,i[a ,daily ,c\ri]1 ,m>* #b1 #aiai1 8,) ! p]si/5cy ( a fanatic & ! illogical d$uction ( a demagogue1 ,pr(essor ,muzzey makes ! t>iff & ! tru/s ! pr9cipal def5dants 9 ! case :i* he br+s aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4444 ,8 book is a cle>ly conceiv$ & a closely writt5 argum5t = socialism treat+ ! v>i\s /eps 9 ! c\ntry's hi/ory f ! /&po9t ( ! sociali/ in/ead ( ! unbias$ hi/orian44440 ,z a result ( ?is opposition1 ,muzzey's textbook 0 exclud$ f ! ,ottumwa s*ools4 ,= ! same reason ! use ( ?is hi/ory 0 discont9u$ 9 ,leonia1 ,new ,j]sey4 #ggf ,i[a ,legionnaire1 ,april #ae1 #aiba4 #ggg ,a pamphlet entitl$ ,muzzey's ,s*ool ,hi/ory writt5 by ,wallace ,mc,camant1 ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,patriotic ,education ( ! ,national ,society ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ,july #bg1 #aibb4 ,see also ,(ficial ,bullet9 ( ! ,national ,society ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ,vol4 ,,xvii 7,octob]1 #aibb71 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #ggh ,ibid41 p4 #a4 ,an exam9ation ( ! textbook reveals ! di/a/eful quotation m>ks 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,lett]s1 pamphlets1 petitions1 came 9 an un9t]rupt$ /ream f ! ,massa*usetts #8patriots1' ,hancock1 ,w>r51 ,otis1 & ! ,adamses40 #ggi ,pamphlet1 op4 cit41 p4 #b4 ,see ,muzzey1 op4 cit41 p4 #aae4 #ghj ,pamphlet1 op4 cit4 #gha ,ibid41 pp4 #e-af4 #ghb ,ibid41 p4 #ac4 #ghc ,pamphlet entitl$ 8,! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution & ! ,hi/ories 9 ,use 9 ,our ,s*ools10 p4 #h4 #ghd ,ibid41 p4 #a4 ,also 8,report ( ,committee on ,patriotic ,education0 publi%$ sep>ately & obta9$ f ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant1 ,portl&1 ,oregon4 #ghe ,ibid4 #ghf ,ibid41 pp4 #b-c4 #ghg ,ibid41 p4 #c4 #ghh ,ibid4 #ghi ,ibid41 p4 #f4 ,guitteau's ,our ,unit$ ,/ates & ,halleck's ,hi/ory ( ,our ,c\ntry are design$ prim>ily = ! junior high s*ool1 & n = ! s5ior high s*ool4 #gij ,ibid41 p4 #e4 ,cf4 /atem5t ( ,*>les ,grant ,mill]1 page #baa4 #gia ,pamphlet1 8,! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution & ! ,hi/ories 9 ,use 9 ,our ,s*ools10 p4 #g4 ,at _! meet+ at ,swampscott1 ,massa*usetts1 9 ,may1 #aibe1 ,judge ,mc,camant aga9 call$ ! att5tion ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution to ! textbook situation1 & urg$ !m to use pressure to h ! "r k9d ( textbooks 9 ! s*ools ( _! /ates4 ,bo/on ,h]ald1 ,may #ai1 #aibe4 #gib ,ibid41 p4 #c4 #gic ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,bo>d ( ,education ,p9ey ,bran* ,citiz5s' ,association aga9/ ,muzzey's ,s*ool ,hi/ory 7,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,april #be1 #aibc71 p4 #b4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,sunday ,/>1 ,june #d1 #aibb4 ,muzzey's def5se is criticiz$ by ! *airman ( ! ,p9ey ,bran* ,hi/orical ,committee 9 an issue ( ! ,/>1 ,june #ah1 #aibb4 #gid ,! ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,/>1 ,april #bf1 #aibc4 #gie ,ibid4 #gif ,ibid4 ,! activities ( ! ,patriot ,league = ! ,pres]vation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory are treat$ 9 ! section devot$ to ,*>les ,grant ,mill] & ! ,he>/ newspap]s4 #gig ,ibid4 #gih ,ibid4 #gii ,ha?away1 ,c>son ,c41 8,is ,muzzey's ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,revolution>y80 ,! ,de>born ,indep5d5t1 ,octob] #bj1 #aibc1 p4 #b4 #hjj ,l\isville ,times1 ,novemb] #i1 #aibb4 ,in/itutions to :i* ! reque/ 0 s5t 7 ! high s*ools ( ,ow5sboro1 ,a%l&1 ,dayton1 ,maysville1 ,l\isville1 ,collegiate ,s*ool1 ,b[l+ ,gre51 ,k5tucky ,/ate ,univ]sity1 ,hamilton ,college1 ,lex+ton1 & ,b]ea ,college1 ,b]ea4 #hja ,ibid4 #hjb ,l\isville ,c\ri]-,j\rnal1 ,novemb] #ab1 #aibb4 #hjc ,?is is ! /atem5t ( ,*>les ,grant ,mill] 9 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,m>* #e1 #aibb4 #hjd ,! report is sign$ 8,septemb] #h1 #aibb40 ,! inve/igat+ committee 7 ,george ,cl>k ,s>g5t1 ,e4 ,l4 ,magee1 ,e4 ,j4 ,mott1 ,w4 ,p4 ,humphreys & ,donozel ,/oney4 ,! adoption ( ! report 8eng5d]$ a heat$ discussion0 accord+ to ! ,san ,francisco ,*ronicle ( ,novemb] #bd1 #aibb4 #hje 8,m9ority ,report ^u ,muzzey's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,cali=nia ,society ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution40 7,9 manuscript47 #hjf ,report ( ! ,committee ( ,five on ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,text-,books n[ 9 ,use 9 ,cali=nia ,high ,s*ools 7,sacram5to1 #aibb74 7,9 manuscript47 ,! committee appo9t$ 9 ,april1 #aibb1 report$ 9 ,june4 ,x 0 made up ( ,e4 ,d4 ,adams 7*airman71 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity2 ,e4 ,i4 ,mc,cormac1 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia2 ,j4 ,a4 ,n[ell1 ,head ( ! ,hi/ory ,dep>tm5t1 ,fresno ,tea*]s' ,college2 ,w4 ,w4 ,ma!r1 ,head ( ! ,hi/ory ,dep>tm5t1 ,ont>io2 ,a4 ,h4 ,abbott1 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 ,college ( ! ,pacific1 ,san ,jos4 ,!y exam9$ _m ( ! commonly us$ ,am]ican hi/ory textbooks4 #hjg ,! ,clevel& ,pla9 ,deal]1 ,may #b1 #aibc4 #hjh ,pamphlet 8,%\ld ! #8,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p' by ,willis ,mason ,we/ be us$ z a ,s*ool ,text ,book80 p4 #d4 7,obta9$ by ! au?or f ,a4 ,h4 ,conn]1 ,attorney-,g5]al ( ,idaho47 ,?is attack ( ,we/'s textbook 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,idaho ,/atesman4 #hji ,ibid41 pp4 #c-d4 #haj ,ibid4 #haa ,idaho ,/atesman1 ,decemb] #i1 #aibb4 #hab ,lett] "u date ( ,july #bj1 #aibc1 to ! au?or4 ,h[ev]1 textbooks 9 ,t5nessee are select$ by a bo>d appo9t$ by ! gov]nor4 #hac ,lett] "u date ( ,augu/ #bj1 #aibc1 f ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant4 ,a lett] "u date ( ,july #aa1 #aibc1 f ,h4 ,c4 ,web]1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools at ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 /at$ t he 0 n in=m$ reg>d+ ! results ( a compla9t aga9/ a textbook us$ 9 ! ,na%ville s*ools :i* _h be5 pres5t$ to ! legislature4 ,9 ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 ! ,high ,s*ool us$ ,james & ,san=d's ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ! pa/ two ye>s accord+ to a /atem5t f ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools4 ,9 ,adrian1 ,mi*igan1 ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p 0 ! textbook accord+ to a 8,directory ( ,adrian ,public ,s*ools1 #aibc-aibd40 ,w4 ,f4 ,weis&1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools ( ,nampa1 ,idaho1 in=m$ ! au?or 9 a lett] ( ,novemb] #ai1 #aibc1 t = ! ye>s #aibc & #aibd1 ,be>d & ,bagley1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p & ,be>d1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 us$4 ,muzzey's hi/ory 0 /ill 9 use 9 ,novemb]1 #aibc1 accord+ to ! sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools at ,burley1 ,idaho1 & 9 ,idaho ,falls1 ,idaho4 ,?is in=mation 0 obta9$ 9 p]sonal lett]s f ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools4 ,x does n agree ) ,capta9 ,conn]'s /atem5t4 #had ,lett] "u date ( ,septemb] #h1 #aibc1 f ,a4 ,h4 ,conn]4 #hae ,lett] "u date ( ,augu/ #bj1 #aibc1 f ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant4 #haf ,report ( ,committee on ,patriotic ,education 7,s4 ,a4 ,r471 op4 cit41 p4 #g4 #hag ,report ( ! ,hi/orian ( ,passaic ,valley ,*apt]1 ,s4 ,a4 ,r41 on ,muzzey's ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,decemb] #ae1 #aibb4 7,9 manuscript47 ,s*uyl] ,m4 ,cady hi/orian4 ,! report 0 approv$ by ! *apt]1 ,febru>y #ab1 #aibc4 #hah ,(ficial ,bullet9 ( ! ,national ,society ( ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ,decemb]1 #aibb4 #hai ,report ( ,roy ,f4 ,britton to ,/4 ,l\is ,society ( ,sons ( ,revolution on ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,text-,books ,us$ 9 ,/4 ,l\is ,s*ools1 ,decemb] #af1 #aibb4 7,9 manuscript47 ,major ,britton quot$ f ,*>les ,edw>d ,russell's article 8,beh9d ! ,propag&a ,sc5es0 :i* appe>$ 9 ,columbia1 ,septemb]1 #aibb4 #hbj ,ibid4 #hba ,/4 ,l\is ,times1 ,decemb] #ah1 #aibb4 #hbb ,/4 ,l\is ,daily ,globe ,democrat1 ,decemb] #ah1 #aibb4 #hbc ,quot$ 9 a pamphlet ( ,! ,patriot ,league = ! ,pres]vation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 #hbd ,hir%field1 ,david1 ,report on ,inve/igation ( ,pro-,briti% ,hi/ory ,text-,books 9 ,use 9 ! ,public ,s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york 7,n4 ,p471 p4 #ga4 #hbe ,ibid41 p4 #gb4 #hbf ,ibid4 #hbg ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,septemb] #ae1 #aiba4 ,! 8s*ool hi/ory0 is n nam$4 #hbh ,ibid41 ,octob] #a1 #aibc4 ,! unity ( op9ion ( v>i\s patriotic organizations 0 discuss$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,am]ican1 ,novemb] #d1 #aibc4 #hbi ,/atem5t obta9$ f ,*>les ,f4 ,horne1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,decemb]1 #aibc4 ,see ,app5dix = complete /atem5t ( pr9ciples4 #hcj ,ibid4 #hca ,ibid4 #hcb ,horne1 ,*>les ,f41 ,! ,/ory ( ,our ,am]ican ,p 7#b v41 ,new ,york1 #aibe71 p4 #a4 ,! "w is n issu$ = g5]al publication z yet1 accord+ to a =eword4 #hcc ,ibid41 ,*apt] ,i4 ,9 connection ) ?is la/ /atem5t ! text-book adds t 8"s ( ! convicts s5t "h 7 inde$ evil-m9d$ rascals2 b _m 7 m5 we w\ld h applaud$ = _! s-call$ crimes40 ,ibid41 p4 #aj4 ,illu/rations ( a 8,div9e ,purpose0 9 ,am]ican ev5ts are f\nd else:]e1 = example ,burgoyne's surr5d]1 #aggg1 8br\ght to our p a s5se ( awe1 ( direct aid f ,heav540 7,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cgg47 ,see also ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dci4 #hcd ,ibid41 pp4 #cfe1 #cga1 #cij1 #cid1 #cif1 #djd1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #id4 #hce ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #hj-aah2 #cdh-ceh2 #dae-ddd4 #hcf ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,july #bd1 #aibe4 ,pr(essor ,van ,tyne also said3 8,i h notic$ _m manife/ errors & dubi\s /atem5ts z ,i ran ha/ily ov] ! "p devot$ to ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 b ! ma9 tr\ble is 9 its organization1 & its s5se ( proportion4444 ,"o virtue x has :i* ,i _h n expect$4 ,x is n bitt]ly anti-,briti%40 #hcg ,p]sonal correspond5ce1 ,decemb]1 #aibe1 ) ,frank ,c4 ,cross1 ,national ,director ( ! ,am]icanism ,commission1 ,am]ican ,legion4 ,mr4 ,cross gave ?is in=mation because ( an inquiry z to ! ext5t & mann] 9 :i* ! ,legion _h become int]e/$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,am]ican hi/ory & ! ,con/itution4 ,see ,app5dix4 #hch ,! ,des ,mo9es ,regi/]1 ,febru>y #bg1 #aibc4 #hci ,! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 ,augu/ #ca1 #aibc4 #hdj ,communication ( ! ,e?ical ,society to ! ,s*ool ,bo>d1 ,dav5port1 ,i[a1 ,may #bd1 #aibc4 7,9 manuscript47 ,! communication ref]s to ,*>les ,grant ,mill]'s pamphlet ,treason to ,am]ican ,tradition = details4 #hda ,hir%field1 ,report1 p4 #gd4 #hdb ,report ( ,special ,committee on ,s*ool ,hi/ories & ,text ,books ,adopt$ by ,gr& ,lodge ,knights ( ,py?ias ,septemb] #bj1 #aibc4 ,x 0 also recomm5d$ t a copy be s5t to ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education & t ! ,supreme ,repres5tatives be in/ruct$ to pres5t ! matt] be=e ! ,supreme ,lodge4 #hdc 8,conc]n+ ,s*ool ,hi/ories10 ,! ,new ,age1 ,m>*1 #aibc1 pp4 #aef-aeg4 #hdd ,?is bill is discuss$ on page #ajd4 #hde 8,patriotic ,organizations ,appeal = ,s*ool ,hi/ory ,bill10 ,! ,new ,j]sey ,unit1 ,! ,patriot ,league 7,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,febru>y #bb1 #aibd71 p4 #ab4 ,?is pamphlet sets =? ! criticisms commonly rais$ aga9/ ! hi/ories4 #hdf ,! ,des ,mo9es ,regi/]1 ,april #bd1 #aibc4 #hdg ,! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 ,june #bg1 #aibc4 #hdh ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,decemb] #c1 #aiba4 ,*>les ,grant ,mill] at ?is "t is report$ by ! ,times to h said t ,h>t's hi/ory conta9$ no?+ objectionable to ,am]icans1 b t ! preface 0 bad4 #hdi ,ibid41 ,decemb] #aj1 #aiba4 ,9 ?is section n all ! places 9 :i* hi/ory inve/igations h be5 c>ri$ on h be5 m5tion$4 ,only typical & out/&+ cases are giv54 ,see pages #bec1 #bei1 #bfe1 #bgc4 #hej ,report on ,hi/ory ,text-,books us$ 9 ! ,public ,s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 p4 #f4 ,an abbreviat$ =m ( ?is report 0 publi%$ 9 ,! ,hi/orical ,outlook1 ,vol4 ,,xiii 7,octob]1 #aibb71 pp4 #bej-bee4 #hea ,report1 op4 cit41 p4 #ad4 ,! 8,g5]al ,pr9ciples0 are set =? 9 m detail 9 ! ,app5dix ( ?is /udy4 #heb ,ibid41 p4 #bj4 #hec ,ibid41 p4 #be4 #hed ,ibid41 p4 #be4 #hee ,ibid41 p4 #bf4 #hef ,ibid41 p4 #bc4 #heg ,ibid41 p4 #agj4 ,willis ,mason ,we/ is m5tion$4 ,ibid41 p4 #afj4 #heh ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,decemb] #g1 #aiba4 ,hir%field1 op4 cit41 p4 #g4 #hei ,ibid41 p4 #h4 #hfj ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aiba4 #hfa ,ibid41 ,decemb] #h1 #aiba4 ,mr4 ,hir%field is alleg$ to h said t ! inve/igation _h be5 plann$ = sev]al mon?s b _h be5 8po/pon$ to =e/all ! cry t x 0 to get ,iri% votes40 ,ibid4 #hfb ,hir%field1 op4 cit4 #hfc ,joseph ,t4 ,griff91 ! au?or ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,mu/ ,x be ,rewritt5 to ,pres]ve ,our ,=eign ,fri5d%ips8 ,cit$ 9 ! discussion ( ! ,knights ( ,columbus movem5t4 #hfd ,haym ,salomon1 m5tion$ 9 ! di>y ( ,rob]t ,morris z 8my little ,jew fri5d on ,front ,/reet10 is cr$it$ ) l5d+ #djj1jjj to ! coloni/s1 becom+ bankrupt4 ,as] ,levi1 a ,dut* ,jew1 0 n p]mitt$ by ,pet] ,/uyvesant to s]ve 9 ! militia1 b by an appeal to ,holl& f9ally1 0 able to d s4 ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,febru>y #d1 #aibb4 #hfe ,ibid42 also ,! ,/&>d ,union ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 ,febru>y #c1 #aibb4 ,! negro kill$ 9 ! ,bo/on riot 0 ,crispus ,attucks4 ,among o!rs :o appe>$ at ! he>+s 7 ,*>les ,grant ,mill]1 ,*>les ,edw>d ,russell1 ,w>r5 ,b4 ,fi%] ( ! ,unit$ ,am]ican ,w> ,vet]ans1 ,?omas ,p4 ,tuite ( ! ,v&]bilt ,po/ ,g4 ,a4 ,r4 & ( ! ,/> ,spangl$ ,bann] ,association1 ,judge ,wallace ,mc,camant1 ,mrs4 ,m>ie ,j4 ,/u>t ( ! ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,color$ ,p1 & ,major ,david ,banks ( ! ,milit>y ,ord] ( ,=eign ,w>s4 #hff ,hir%field1 op4 cit41 p4 #i4 #hfg ,ibid41 p4 #aj4 #hfh ,w>d's edition ( ,burke's ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica 0 also exam9$4 ,! late/ editions ( ! textbooks 7 review$4 #hfi ,ibid4 #hgj ,ibid41 p4 #fg4 ,mr4 ,hir%field *>g$ c]ta9 f9ancial lead]s ( ! c\ntry l ,george ,e4 ,rob]ts & ,frank ,a4 ,v&]lip ) abett+ movem5ts = ,anglo-,am]ican concord4 ,! ,national ,security ,league 9 its program = 8#8! special tra9+ ( s*ool tea*]s to int]pret ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution 9 ! public s*ools'0 & to 8secure legislation 9 ! v>i\s /ates :i* w make ?is tea*+ compulsory ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry0 0 describ$ z ano!r ag5cy "u pro-,briti% influ5ce4 #hga ,hir%field1 op4 cit41 pp4 #ch-dj4 #hgb ,ibid41 pp4 #ah-ai4 #hgc ,ibid41 p4 #bj4 #hgd ,ibid41 p4 #dd4 ,guitteau's hi/ory 0 criticiz$ = 8 discussion ( ! ,league ( ,nations 9 addition to o!r po9ts objectionable to ,mr4 ,hir%field4 ,x 0 held t su* discussions are inappropriate1 inasmu* z x is /ill an 8unsettl$ political "q0 :i* w be 8an issue 9 "s =m or o!r 9 ! com+ presid5tial campaign40 ,ibid41 p4 #dg4 #hge ,ibid41 pp4 #eg-eh4 #hgf ,?is is entitl$ 8,propag&a seeks to ,di/ort ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,briti% ,work]s are ,be+ ,back$ by a ,heavily ,f9anc$ ,ma*9e4 ,purpose ( ! ,*anges 9 ,textbooks ,range ,all ! ,way f ,cultivation ( #8,m ,fri5dly ,relations' to ! ,fulfillm5t ( ! ,c>negie ,prophecy ( ! ,reunit$ ,/ates1 ! ,briti%-,am]ican ,union & ! ,cecil ,rhodes ,design40 ,! articles 9 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9] 9 :i* ! ,mc,laughlin & ,van ,tyne hi/ory 0 criticiz$ appe>$ ,july #bd1 #aiba1 & ,janu>y #ad1 #aibc4 ,! ,hir%field report adopts ! same phraseology4 ,guitteau's textbook 0 attack$ 9 an article ( ,novemb] #bj1 #aiba1 & ! ,b>nes hi/ories 9 an article ( ,july #ag1 #aiba4 #hgg ,new ,york ,tribune1 ,novemb] #e1 #aibc4 ,! ,tribune publi%$ ?is /atem5t f ,mill]3 8,! pr9t$ ,hir%field report is sub/antially z ,i wrote x except = illit]acies & pictures40 ,! ,tribune ass]t$ t x _h possession ( fac-similes ( special pay roll v\*]s sign$ 8,david ,hir%field1 ,commission] ( ,acc\nts0 = ,*>les ,grant ,mill] & ,joseph ,devl91 = exp]t "w4 #hgh ,ibid4 #hgi ,ibid4 #hhj ,ibid41 ,novemb] #f1 #aibc4 #hha ,ibid4 #hhb ,ibid41 ,novemb] #aa1 #aibc4 ,! ,o',h>a hi/ory 0 criticiz$ 9 an article by ,*>les ,grant ,mill] 9 ! ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,july #c1 #aiba4 ,see page #baj4 #hhc ,ibid4 ,^! hi/ories1 accord+ to ! ,tribune1 7 n on ! au?oriz$ li/ = use 9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools4 #hhd ,ibid41 ,novemb] #e1 #aibc4 #hhe ,ibid41 ,novemb] #bc1 #aibc4 #hhf ,ibid41 ,novemb] #e1 #aibc4 ,devl9 0 paid #bjjj = 8 "w1 & ,mill] receiv$ #efb4ej = 8 "w f ,febru>y to ,may1 #aibc1 z a 8special exp]t 9 hi/ory text-book inve/igation10 accord+ to ! ,tribune4 #hhg ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,novemb] #f1 #aibc4 #hhh ,ibid41 ,june #e1 #aibc4 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory by ,david ,s4 ,muzzey 0 ! eigh? hi/ory 9 ! ,hir%field li/4 ,at ! "t ( ! inve/igation "u ! auspices ( ! s*ools !re _h be5 no compla9t aga9/ ?is book accord+ to ,sup]9t5d5t ,ett+]4 #hhi ,! ,atlanta ,j\rnal1 ,june #bg1 #aibc4 #hij ,ibid4 #hia ,ibid4 ,! ,baltimore ,sun is also quot$ by ,! ,atlanta ,j\rnal4 #hib ,! ,news ,s5t9el1 ,june #f1 #aibc4 ,editorial4 #hic ,! ,milwaukee ,j\rnal1 ,june #i1 #aibc4 ,editorial4 #hid ,dubuque ,telegraph-,h]ald1 ,june #ad1 #aibc4 #hie ,adams1 ,james ,trusl[1 8,hi/ory & ! ,l[] ,criticism10 ,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ,vol4 ,,cxxxii 7,septemb]1 #aibc71 pp4 #cjh-cag4 #hif ,city ( ,bo/on1 ,proce$+s ( ,s*ool ,committee1 ,decemb] #ah1 #aibb1 p4 #ahj4 #hig ,ibid4 #hih ,ibid4 #hii ,ibid4 #ijj ,ibid4 #ija ,ibid4 #ijb ,ibid41 p4 #aha4 ,sign$ by ,david ,d4 ,scannell & ,frances ,g4 ,curtis4 #ijc ,ibid4 ,sign$ by ,ri*>d ,j4 ,lane4 #ijd ,ibid41 p4 #aia4 ,! ,report is giv5 9 "p 9 ! ,app5dix4 #ije ,lett] f ,s4 ,g4 ,re9]tson1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools1 ,jackson1 ,m9nesota1 & =m]ly ,sup]9t5d5t at ,alta1 ,i[a1 "u date ( ,m>* #be1 #aibc4 #ijf ,*icago ,h]ald & ,exam9]1 ,m>* #e1 #aibb4 #ijg ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,may #a1 #aibc4 ,also ,! ,survey1 ,vol4 ,l 7,april #ae1 #aibc71 p4 #fh4 #ijh ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,septemb] #ab1 #aiba4 #iji ,! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,globe1 ,febru>y #bb1 #aibb4 #iaj ,! ,de>born ,indep5d5t1 ,octob] #bj1 #aibc4 #iaa ,adopt$ ,may #e1 #aibc4 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york4 #iab ,adopt$ ,octob] #be1 #aibe4 #iac ,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 ,vol4 ,,xxix 7,april1 #aibd71 p4 #dbh4 #iad ,gidd+s1 ,frankl91 8,are we gett+ bett] text-books80 ,! ,indep5d5t1 ,vol4 ,i 7,june #c1 #aibb71 pp4 #e-i4 #iae ,ibid4 ,! foll[+ comm5t on ! attitude ( hi/orians & educators t[>d ! c5sor%ip ( hi/ories appe>$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,am]ican1 ,novemb] #d1 #aibc3 8,x has be5 insol5tly ass]t$ by speak]s = =eign propag&a ag5cies & by "s college pr(essors & s*ool m5 t ! int]pretation ( ,am]ican patriotism %\ld be left to #8high] hi/orical s*ol>%ip' & t #8ignorant' & n>r[ly nationali/ic ,am]ican patriotic organizations %\ld keep _! h&s (f4 ,we cont5d1 on ! contr>y1 t we :o h foll[$ ! flag = ,am]ican ideals "k :at ^! ideals are2 we *]i% !m = :at !y are & w ma9ta9 !m 9 our s*ools z zeal\sly z we h ma9ta9$ !m 9 battle-l9e40 #iaf ,dr4 ,payson ,smi? 9 an address on 8,s*ools %\ld be ,un9flu5c$10 ,! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 ,novemb] #b1 #aiba4 ,d\btless x is p]t95t to call att5tion to ! "w ( peace organizations 9 ! analyses ( hi/ory textbooks by :i* x has be5 %[n t h]oes & a*ievem5ts ( w> h receiv$ mu* m space ?an h]oes & a*ievem5ts ( peace4 ,see ,w> & ,peace 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,text-,books by ! ,national ,c\ncil = ,prev5tion ( ,w>1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 & ,an ,analysis ( ! ,emphasis ^u ,w> 9 ,our ,elem5t>y ,s*ool ,hi/ories1 by ! ,association = ,peace ,education1 ,*icago4 ,,app5dices ,a4 ,! ,lusk ,laws ( ,new ,york reg>d+ ,in/ruction 9 ,patriotism & ,citiz5%ip1 ! ,flag1 ,text-,books1 & ,qualifications = ,tea*]s4 ,b4 ,report ( ,committee ( ,five on ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,textbooks ,n[ 9 ,use 9 ,cali=nia ,high ,s*ools4 ,c4 ,new ,york ,city--,bo>d ( ,education1 ,report ( ! ,committee to ,inve/igate 444 ,hi/ory ,textbooks 9 ,use 9 ! ,public ,s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4444 ,d4 ,city ( ,bo/on1 ,proce$+s ( ,s*ool ,committee1 ,report ( & ,review on ,c]ta9 ,text ,books 9 ,hi/ory ,us$ 9 ! ,s*ools1 & ,ord] ,relat+ ,!reto4 ,e4 ,report ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,conv5tion ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,c9c9nati1 ,june1 #aibb1 8,inve/igation ( ,text ,books40 ,f4 ,wiscons9 ,law ( #aibc affect+ ,hi/ory ,textbooks4 ,g4 7,/atem5t reg>d+ ,pr9ciples7 ,! ,am]ican ,legion ,s*ool ,hi/ory4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association1 ,vol4 ,,xxix 7#aibd71 ,committee on ,am]ican ,citiz5%ip1 8,our ,citiz5%ip ,cre$40 ,a4 ,,! ,,lusk ,,laws ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,reg>d+ ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,patriotism ,,& ,,citiz5%ip1 ,,! ,,flag1 ,,textbooks1 ,,& ,,qualifications ,,( ,,tea*]s#iag #d4 ,,patriotism ,article #bf-;,c ,in/ruction 9 ,patriotism & ,citiz5%ip ,section #gje4 ,c\rses ( in/ruction 9 patriotism & citiz5%ip4 ,9 ord] to promote a _s ( patriotic & civic s]vice & obligation & to fo/] 9 ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate moral & intellectual qualities :i* are ess5tial 9 prep>+ to meet ! obligations ( citiz5%ip 9 peace or 9 w>1 ! reg5ts ( ! univ]sity ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york %all prescribe c\rses ( in/ruction 9 patriotism & citiz5%ip1 to be ma9ta9$ & foll[$ 9 all ! s*ools ( ! /ate4 ,! bo>ds ( education & tru/ees ( ! sev]al cities & s*ool di/ricts ( ! /ate %all require in/ruction to be giv5 9 su* c\rses1 by ! tea*]s employ$ 9 ! s*ools !re94 ,all pupils att5d+ su* s*ools1 ov] ! age ( eight ye>s1 %all att5d ^u su* in/ruction4 ,simil> c\rses ( in/ruction %all be prescrib$ & ma9ta9$ 9 private s*ools 9 ! /ate1 & all pupils 9 su* s*ools ov] eight ye>s ( age %all att5d ^u su* c\rses4 ,if su* c\rses are n s e/abli%$ & ma9ta9$ 9 a private s*ool1 att5dance ^u in/ruction 9 su* s*ool %all n be deem$ sub/antially equival5t to in/ruction giv5 to pupils ( l age 9 ! public s*ools ( ! city or di/rict 9 :i* su* pupils reside4 7,add$ by ,l4 #aiah1 *4 #bda1 9 effect ,april #ag1 #aiah47 #gjf4 ,rules prescrib+ c\rses2 inspection & sup]vision2 en=cem5t4 ,! reg5ts ( ! univ]sity ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york %all det]m9e ! subjects to be includ$ 9 su* c\rses ( in/ruction 9 patriotism & citiz5%ip1 & ! p]iod ( in/ruction 9 ea* ( ! grades 9 su* subjects4 ,!y %all adopt rules provid+ = att5dance ^u su* in/ruction & = su* o!r matt]s z are requir$ = c>ry+ into effect ! objects & purposes ( ?is article4444 #e4 ,,! ,,flag ,article #bg ,! flag #gaj4 ,pur*ase & display ( flag4 ,x %all be ! duty ( ! s*ool au?orities ( e public s*ool 9 ! sev]al cities & s*ool di/ricts ( ! /ate to pur*ase a ,unit$ ,/ates flag1 flag /aff & ! necess>y appliances !re=1 & to display su* flag ^u or ne> ! public s*ool build+ dur+ s*ool h\rs1 & at su* o!r times z su* s*ool au?orities may direct4 #gaa4 ,rules & regulations4 ,! said s*ool au?orities %all e/abli% rules & regulations = ! prop] cu/ody1 c>e & display ( ! flag1 & :5 ! wea!r w n p]mit x to be o!rwise display$1 x %all be plac$ conspicu\sly 9 ! pr9cipal room 9 ! s*ool h\se4 #gab4 ,commission] ( ,education %all prep>e program4 #a4 ,x %all be ! duty ( ! ,commission] ( ,education to prep>e1 = ! use ( ! public s*ools ( ! /ate1 a program provid+ = a salute to ! flag & su* o!r patriotic ex]cises z may be deem$ by him to be exp$i5t1 "u su* regulations & in/ructions z may be/ meet ! v>i$ requirem5ts ( ! diff]5t grades 9 su* s*ools4 #b4 ,x %all also be 8 duty to make special provision = ! obs]vance 9 ! public s*ools ( ,l9coln's bir?day1 ,wa%+ton's bir?day1 ,memorial day & ,flag day1 & su* o!r legal holidays ( l "* z may be h]eaft] designat$ by law :5 ! ,legislature makes an appropriation !re=4 #gac4 ,milit>y drill exclud$4 ,no?+ h]e9 conta9$ %all be con/ru$ to au?orize milit>y in/ruction or drill 9 ! public s*ools dur+ s*ool h\rs4 #f4 ,,textbooks ,article #be1 ,section #fgd4 ,textbooks conta9+ s$iti\s or disloyal matt]4 ,no textbook 9 any subject us$ 9 ! public s*ools 9 ?is /ate %all conta9 any matt] or /atem5ts ( any k9d :i* are s$iti\s 9 "*1 disloyal to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or favorable to ! cause ( any =eign c\ntry ) :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n[ at w>4 ,a commission is h]eby creat$1 consi/+ ( ! commission] ( education & ( two p]sons to be designat$ by ! reg5ts ( ! univ]sity ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 ^: duty x %all be on compla9t to exam9e textbooks us$ 9 ! public s*ools ( ! /ate1 9 ! subjects ( civics1 economics1 ,engli%1 hi/ory1 language & lit]ature1 = ! purpose ( det]m9+ :e!r su* textbooks conta9 any matt] or /atem5ts ( any k9d :i* are s$iti\s 9 "*1 disloyal to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or favorable to ! cause ( any =eign c\ntry ) :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n[ at w>4 ,any p]son may pres5t a writt5 compla9t to su* commission t a textbook 9 any ( ! a=esaid subjects = use 9 ! public s*ools ( ?is /ate or (f]$ = sale = use 9 ! public s*ools ( ?is /ate conta9s matt] or /atem5ts 9 violation ( ?is section1 specify+ su* matt] or /atem5ts 9 detail4 ,if ! commission det]m9e t ! textbook aga9/ :i* compla9t is made conta9s any su* matt] or /atem5ts1 x %all issue a c]tificate disapprov+ ! use ( su* textbook 9 ! public s*ools ( ?is /ate1 toge!r ) a /atem5t ( ! reasons = its disapproval1 specify+ ! matt] f\nd unlawful4 ,su* c]tificate ( disapproval ( a textbook1 ) a detail$ /atem5t ( ! reasons = its disapproval1 %all be duly =w>d$ to ! bo>ds ( education or o!r bo>ds or au?orities hav+ jurisdiction ( ! public s*ools ( ! cities1 t[ns or s*ool di/ricts ( ?is /ate1 & aft] ! receipt ( su* c]tificate ! use ( a textbook s disapprov$ %all be discont9u$ 9 su* city1 t[n or s*ool di/rict4 ,any contract h]eaft] made by any su* bo>d ( education or o!r s*ool au?orities = ! pur*ase ( a textbook 9 any ( su* subjects1 :i* has be5 s disapprov$1 %all be void4 ,any s*ool (fic] or tea*] :o p]mits a textbook 9 any ( su* subjects1 :i* has be5 s disapprov$1 to be us$ 9 ! public s*ools ( ! /ate1 %all be guilty ( a misdemeanor4 7,add$ by ,l4 #aiah1 *4 #bdf1 9 effect ,april #ag1 #aiah47 #g4 ,,qualifications ,,( ,,tea*]s ,article #bj1 ,section #eej4 ,qualifications ( tea*]s4 ,no p]son %all be employ$ or au?oriz$ to tea* 9 ! public s*ools ( ! /ate :o is #a4 ,"u ! age ( eighte5 ye>s4 #b4 ,n 9 possession ( a tea*]'s c]tificate issu$ "u ! au?ority ( ?is *apt] or a diploma issu$ on ! completion ( a c\rse 9 a /ate normal s*ool ( ?is /ate or 9 ! /ate normal college4 #c4 ,n a citiz54 ,a p]son employ$ z a tea*] on ,april #d1 #aiah1 :o 0 n a citiz51 may cont9ue 9 su* employm5t provid$ he or %e1 )9 "o ye> f su* date1 %all make application to become a citiz5 & )9 ! "t !reaft] prescrib$ by law %all become a citiz54 ,! provisions ( ?is subdivision %all n apply to ali5 tea*]s :o are citiz5s ( c\ntries t 7 alli$ ) ?is c\ntry 9 ! prosecution ( ! w> ) ,g]many & :o 7 employ$ z tea*]s 9 ?is /ate on or prior to ,april #d1 #aiah1 provid$ su* tea*] make application to become a citiz5 be=e ! fir/ day ( ,septemb]1 #aibj1 & )9 ! "t !reaft] prescrib$ by law %all become su* citiz54 7,am5d$ by ,l4 #aiah1 *4 #aeh1 & ,l4 #aiai1 *4 #abj1 9 effect ,m>* #ca1 #aiai47 #eea4 ,m9imum qualifications ( tea*]s 9 prim>y & gramm> s*ools4 ,no p]son %all h]eaft] be employ$ or lic5s$ to tea* 9 ! prim>y & gramm> s*ools ( any city or s*ool di/rict au?oriz$ by law to employ a sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools :o has n _h successful exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ = at lea/ ?ree ye>s1 or 9 lieu !re( has n complet$3 #a4 ,a c\rse 9 "o ( ! /ate normal s*ools ( ?is /ate or 9 any approv$ college1 prescrib$ by ! commission] ( education4 7,subdivision #a am5d$ by ,l4 #aibj1 *4 #aee1 9 effect ,april #e1 #aibj47 #b4 ,an exam9ation = & receiv$ a life /ate c]tificate issu$ 9 ?is /ate by a sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction or ! commission] ( education4 #c4 ,a c\rse ( /udy 9 a high s*ool or academy ( n less ?an ?ree ye>s approv$ by ! commission] ( education or f "s in/itution ( le>n+ ( equal or high] rank approv$ by ! same au?ority1 & :o subsequ5tly to ! completion ( su* c\rse has n graduat$ f a s*ool = ! pr(essional tra9+ ( tea*]s hav+ a c\rse ( n less ?an two ye>s approv$ by ! commission] ( education or its equival5t4 #efh4 ,removal ( sup]9t5d5ts1 tea*]s & employees = treasonable or s$iti\s acts or utt]ances4 ,a p]son employ$ z sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools1 tea*] or employee 9 ! public s*ools1 9 any city or s*ool di/rict ( ! /ate1 %all be remov$ f su* position = ! utt]ance ( any treasonable or s$iti\s ^w or words or ! do+ ( any treasonable or s$iti\s act or acts :ile hold+ su* position4 7,add$ by ,l4 #aiag1 *4 #daf1 9 effect ,may #h1 #aiag47 ,,footnotes3 #iag ,revolution>y ,radicalism ,its ,hi/ory1 ,purpose1 & ,tactics ) an ,exposition & ,discussion ( ! ,/eps ,be+ ,tak5 & ,requir$ to ,curb ,x1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #bdcj-bdcd4 ,b4 ,,report ,,( ,,committee ,,( ,,five ,,on ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,,n[ ,,9 ,,use ,,9 ,,cali=nia ,,high ,,s*ools#iah ,,/an=d ,,univ]sity1 ,,cali=nia1 ,june1 #aibb4 ,,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,olney1 ,commission] ( ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,,sacram5to1 ,,cali=nia4 ,,de> ,,sir3 ,9 ,april1 #aibb1 y 7 direct$ by ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education to appo9t a ,committee ( five educators ) in/ructions 8to exam9e ! textbooks on ,am]ican ,hi/ory 9 use 9 ! ,junior ,high ,s*ools1 ,high ,s*ools1 & ,junior ,colleges ( ,cali=nia & to report on ^?1 if any1 :i* treat any "p ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 a disloyal or unpatriotic mann] or :i* m9imize ! be/ patriotism ( ,am]ican tradition40 ,! committee appo9t$ consi/$ ( ,e4 ,d4 ,adams 7,*airman71 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity2 ,e4 ,i4 ,mc,cormac1 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia2 ,j4 ,a4 ,n[ell1 ,head ( ,hi/ory ,dep>tm5t1 ,fresno ,tea*]s' ,college2 ,w4 ,w4 ,ma!r1 ,head ( ,hi/ory ,dep>tm5t1 ,ont>io2 & ,a4 ,h4 ,abbott1 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 ,college ( ! ,pacific1 ,san ,jos4 ,! textbooks exam9$ 73 ,we/1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p1 #aiah1 ,rev4 #aibj4 ,allyn ,bacon4 ,h>t1 ,new ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 #aiba4 ,am]ican ,book ,company4 ,fi%1 ,! ,developm5t ( ,am]ican ,nationality1 #aiai4 ,am]ican ,book ,company4 ,mc,laughlin1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,nation1 #aiai4 ,d4 ,appleton ,company4 ,=man1 ,advanc$ ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 #aibb4 ,! ,c5tury ,company4 ,muzzey1 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 #aibj4 ,g9n ,company4 ,fite1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiai4 ,h5ry ,holt ,company4 ,beck]1 ,beg9n+s ( ! ,am]ican ,p1 #aiae4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 ,dodd1 ,expansion & ,conflict1 #aiae4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 ,johnson1 ,union & ,democracy1 #aiae4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 ,paxson1 ,! ,new ,nation1 #aiae4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 ,a%ley1 ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 #aiba4 ,macmillan ,company4 ,bassett1 ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiba4 ,macmillan ,company4 ,be>d1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiba4 ,macmillan ,company4 ,*ann+1 ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiae4 ,macmillan ,company4 ,?ompson1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiag4 ,b4 ,h4 ,sanborn ,company4 ,hawor?1 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,our ,own ,times1 #aibj4 ,scribn]'s ,sons4 ,,report ,9 ! op9ion ( y\r ,committee none ( ^! texts treat 8any "p ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 a disloyal or unpatriotic mann]40 ,all ( ! au?ors may be cr$it$ ) a desire to assi/ 9 inculcat+ a loyal & patriotic ,am]icanism4444 ,be=e attempt+ t judgm5t x has seem$ necess>y to agree ^u a /atem5t sett+ =? :at we consid] to be ! ess5tials ( 8! be/ patriotism ( ,am]ican tradition44440 ,possibly our ef=t to summ>ize & /ate ^! ess5tials has no place 9 ?is report1 s9ce x 0 9 effect b a prelim9>y /ep necess>y to a common po9t ( view 9 exam9+ ! texts4 ,nev]!less our summ>y is "h (f]$ bo? z an indication ( our proc$ure & z conta9+ ! po9ts ^u :i* ! texts 7 judg$4 ,9 our op9ion ! 8be/ patriotism ( ,am]ican tradition10 :5 convey$ by hi/ory textbooks %\ld directly aid 9 e/abli%+ c]ta9 pr9ciples & ideals 9 ! pupil's m9d4 ,! m important ( ^! we w li/ z foll[s3 7#a7 ,pride 9 ,am]ica & a ,s5se ( ,nationality4 ,a belief t ,am]ica has develop$ a high type ( political & social organization4 ,b recognition t ^! are n n[ & nev] h be5 p]fect & t !y are a result ( gr[?1 l>gely anticipat$ by ! fram]s ( our gov]nm5t1 to meet *ang+ conditions4 ,?is requires a critical treatm5t ( hi/ory1 po9t+ out bo? excell5cies & defects1 :e!r 9 m5 or 9 ev5ts4 ,x %\ld help ! pupil to develop a habit ( j criticism1 b also1 :at is equally important1 a habit ( giv+ high approval :]e m]it$4 7#b7 ,a ,s5se ( ,individual ,lib]ty4 ,! recognition t ,am]ica has contribut$ to _w developm5t ! !ory t human happ9ess is be/ secur$ by gu>d+ individual lib]ty & by seek+ to provide 9 ! highe/ degree possible an equal opportunity to w9 t happ9ess4 ,! hi/ory text %\ld develop ! orig9s ) u ( ?is ideal1 9 religi\s controv]sies1 political qu>rels ) ! "m c\ntry 9 colonial times1 indu/rial developm5t1 & 9 political & social *anges at home4 7#c7 ,a ,respect = ,private ,prop]ty4 ,inh]it$ f old _w in/itutions b emphasiz$ m ?an by o!r nations f our e>lie/ times4 ,?is is a b$-rock ,am]ican pr9ciple1 b z develop$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates emphasis always has be5 plac$ on ! opportunity to acquire prop]ty z ess5tial to individual lib]ty seek+ happ9ess1 n alone on ! "r to def5d & to protect x4 ,x is a pr9ciple ess5tial to ! ,am]ican conception (1 & contribution to1 a progressive bett]m5t ( ,society4444 7#d7 ,a ,belief 9 ,democratic ,self-,gov]nm5t by ,majority ,rule4 ,?is ass]ts ! ,jeff]sonian doctr9e t rule by ! majority1 :ile n insur+ p]fection1 is m likely to approa* x ?an any o!r =m ( rule1 & m likely to pres]ve individual happ9ess "u law4 ,am]ica1 m ?an any o!r nation1 made ! contribution ( ! ideal ( democracy by majority rule to ! !ory ( political gov]nm5t4444 7#e7 ,ob$i5ce to ,law4 ,s9ce x has its sanction 9 majority rule1 ?us provid+ a reasonable limitation on individual lib]ty4 7#f7 ,a ,desire = ,ju/ice4 ,x has long be51 & /ill is1 a m>k$ attribute ( ,am]ica1 & hi/ory texts %\ld exp\nd x4 ,!y %\ld %[ its manife/ations 7or at times ! lack ( x71 7a7 9 ! _s ( compromise t m9orities may n be oppress$ by majorities2 7b7 9 our relations ) o!r c\ntries2 7c7 9 our indu/rial disputes4 ,especially 9 =eign relations ! text %\ld seek to pres5t fairly ! view oppos$ to ,am]ican cont5tion 9 ord] t ! ju/ice ( our action may be weigh$4 7#g7 ,a ,w to ,def5d ^! ,pr9ciples4 ,?is is an ess5tial result ( ,am]ican hi/ory tea*+ :i* %\ld br+ out ! sacrifice1 devotion & patriotism ( ,am]icans 9 ! pa/ z reg>ds3 7a7 our relations ) o!r nations2 & 7b7 our dome/ic relations1 ei!r political1 religi\s or social4 ,b 9 nei!r field %\ld old & dead controv]sy be treat$ 9 su* a way z to p]petuate animosities4444 ,f9ally1 ! text %\ld seek to be /rictly unbias$ z reg>ds bo? expression & cont5t4 ,x %\ld n>rate tru?fully ! important facts ( ,am]ican hi/ory 9 su* a way z to make cle> ! pr9ciples & ideals :i* h be5 develop$ 9 ,am]ica & = :i* %e /&s4 ,exam9+ ! texts submitt$1 x c n be said t any "o ( !m neglects1 absolutely1 ^! pr9ciples ( 8! be/ patriotism ( ,am]ican tradition40444 ,y\r committee wi%es fur!r to po9t out ! progressive nature ( hi/ory tea*+ 9 ! s*ools ( ,cali=nia4 ,! high s*ool does n attempt to cov] ! same gr\nd 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory c\rses z ! elem5t>y1 nor 9 ! same mann]4 ,x is left to ! elem5t>y s*ools to emphasize especially ! biographical elem5t1 :ile ! high s*ool texts develop ! in/itutional side ( our nation's gr[?4 ,h5ce we comm5d ! omission by "s au?ors ( _m names ( ^? :o h contribut$ some?+ wor? :ile to ,am]ican progress1 b ^: de$s & significance c be/ be pres5t$ by ! elem5t>y s*ool text4 ,?is leaves room = ! high s*ool text to include ^? matt]s ( social & economic developm5t :i* are ess5tial to give our "y p ! prop] hi/orical backgr\nd = und]/&+ our pres5t complex problems4 ,y\r committee f9ds no text :olly objectionable "u ! in/ructions ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,?is is n to say1 h[ev]1 t 9 our op9ion ! texts are equally wor?y4 ,!y v>y 9 exactness ( /atem5t1 9 cle>ness ( pres5tation1 9 grasp ( pr9ciples1 &1 :at is m s]i\s1 9 fairness ( language & view4444 ,) ?is report approv+ all ( ! texts submitt$ to u1 fur!r comm5t may be reg>d$ z sup]flu\s4 ,x seems to u1 h[ev]1 t we h a duty 9 direct+ y\r att5tion to ! app>5t s\rces ( "s ( ! attacks on v>i\s texts4 ,dur+ ! rec5t ,_w ,w> y appo9t$ a committee 7^u :i* two ( ! memb]s ( y\r pres5t committee also s]v$7 to exam9e all hi/ory texts 9 use 9 ! ,cali=nia s*ools ) in/ructions to report :e!r !y 87 pro-,g]man or 7 unduly fri5dly to our allies40 ,all ( ! ,am]ican hi/ory texts !n review$ 7 report$ z approv$1 b ) "s m9or criticisms made privately to ! publi%+ firms or au?ors4 ,x appe>s to y\r pres5t committee t _m ( ! attacks n[ be+ made on c]ta9 texts are emanat+ f p]sons or organizations dissatisfi$ ) ! fri5dly relations e/abli%$ betwe5 ,am]ica & our allies 9 ! great w>1 & desir\s ( de/roy+ t bett] und]/&+ creat$ by ! w>4 ,"s ( ! attacks appe> to be due to a revival ( pro-,g]man s5tim5t2 "s to an in]adicable ,iri% anti-,briti% s5tim5t2 "s to an elem5t ( political reaction aga9/ ! dome/ic legislation ( rec5t ye>s2 "s ( j\rnali/ic opposition to ,great ,brita94 ,g5]ally ! me?od us$ 9 su* attacks is to pr9t s5t5ces object$ to )\t includ+ ! context4 ,?is deprives ! read] ( ! opportunity to judge :e!r ! criticism is j or n4 ,su* criticism is 9 itself unfair & unsci5tific4 ,a book mu/ be judg$ by its g5]al tone & _s r ?an by isolat+ words or phrases f _! context & ?us convey+ a false impression ( ! au?or's mean+4 ,! po9t :i* we w\ld make is1 t attacks ( ?is nature1 ?\gh requir+ consid]ation1 are n wor?y ( s]i\s respect1 s9ce usually !y conceal real motives "u ! mantle ( 8traditional ,am]ican patriotism40 ,x is an age ( propag&a & 9 sub/ance mo/ ( ^! attacks are propag&a1 hav+ an ult]ior purpose4 ,hone/ criticism by "o :o s9c]ely feels t a text fails to tea* ,am]ican patriotism %\ld always be li/5$ to & 8 criticisms weigh$4 ,b propag&a criticism des]ves no respect ei!r by s*ool bo>ds or ! au?ors ( texts4 ,z to su* propag&a ass]tion t any ,am]ican hi/ory text n[ 9 use 9 ,cali=nia high s*ools & junior colleges 8treats any "p ( ! ,am]ican hi/ory 9 a disloyal or unpatriotic mann]1 or m9imizes ! be/ patriotism ( ,am]ican tradition10 y\r committee reports 9 ! negative4 7,sign$7 ,e4 ,d4 ,,adams1 ,*airman ,e4 ,i4 ,,mccormac ,a4 ,h4 ,,abbott ,j4 ,a4 ,,n[ell ,w4 ,w4 ,,ma!r ,,footnotes3 #iah ,report ( ! ,committee ( ,five on ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,textbooks ,n[ 9 ,use 9 ,cali=nia ,high ,s*ools 7,sacram5to1 #aibb74 ,c4 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,to ,,inve/igate 444 ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks ,,9 ,,! ,,public ,,s*ools ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york1#iai #aibb ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,! =mulation ( aims & /&>ds by ! ,commission] ( ,education d5ies1 by necess>y implication1 t ! writ] ( a textbook = use 9 ! public s*ools has absolute fre$om 9 ! selection or 9 ! int]pretation ( hi/orical mat]ial4 ,pr$et]m9$ aims & /&>ds pr$et]m9e selection & int]pretation4 ,! textbook mu/ conta9 no /atem5t 9 d]ogation or 9 disp>agem5t ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ,am]ican h]oes4 ,x mu/ n "q ! s9c]ity ( ! aims & purposes ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,republic or ( ^? :o h guid$ its de/9ies4 ,! textbook mu/ conta9 no mat]ial :i* t5ds to ar\se political1 racial1 or religi\s controv]sy1 misund]/&+ or hatr$4 ,! textbook mu/ conta9 no mat]ial t5d+ to ar\se misund]/&+ or hatr$ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & any o!r nation4 ,! selection ( mat]ial mu/ be re/rict$ to t :i* contributes mo/ directly & ess5tially to ! atta9m5t ( ! legitimate objectives ( ! public s*ool sy/em z =mulat$ by ! ,/ate ,commission] ( ,education4 ,! writ] mu/ be prep>$ at all times to 8come out 9 ! op5 & *e]fully & unhesitat+ly /& up & make kn[n to ! entire community10 ! aims & ! ideals1 ! purposes & ! motives1 :i* actuat$ him 9 ! selection ( 8 mat]ial & 9 8 int]pretation !re(4 ,,specific ,,aims #a4 ,to acqua9t ! pupils ) ! basic facts & movem5ts1 political1 indu/rial1 & social1 ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 #b4 ,to emphasize ! pr9ciples & motives t 7 ( greate/ influ5ce 9 ! =mation & developm5t ( our gov]nm5t4 #c4 ,to e/abli% ideals ( patriotic & civic duty4 #d4 ,to awak5 9 ! pupil a desire to emulate all praisewor?y endeavor4 #e4 ,to emphasize ! importance ( weigh+ p]missible evid5ce 9 =m+ judgm5ts4 #f4 ,to pres5t ! e?ical & moral pr9ciples exemplifi$ 9 ! lives ( patriotic lead]s4 #g4 ,to inspire 9 ! pupil an appreciation ( ! h>d%ips endur$ & ! sacrifices made 9 e/abli%+ & def5d+ ,am]ican ideals4 #h4 ,to develop 9 ! pupil a love = ,am]ican in/itutions & ! det]m9ation to ma9ta9 & def5d !m4 #i4 ,to br+ ! light ( reason & exp]i5ce to be> on radical or ali5 !ories ( economic & political sy/ems4 #aj4 ,to enable ! pupil to int]pret ! pres5t 9 t]ms ( ! pa/ & to view intellig5tly ! functions & ! value ( exi/+ in/itutions4 ,,discussion ,,( ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,special ,,aims ,9 ord] to give a cle>] & m def9ite idea ( ! scope & int5t ( ! g5]al pr9ciples & special aims =mulat$ by ! ,committee we submit h]e) a discussion ( said g5]al pr9ciples & special aims4 ,a4 ,! ,prim>y ,problem 9 ,writ+ a ,hi/ory ,textbook ,is ,propriety ,( ,selection ( ,mat]ial 444 ,z ! pages ( a textbook are limit$1 no mat]ial %\ld be us$ unless x is ess5tial & ( ! highe/ educational value4 ,! *ild's "t mu/ n be tak5 up ) facts :i* d n measure up to ?is /&>d4 ,b4 ,! ,textbook ,writ] ,is ,n ,a ,hi/orian ,/rictly speak+ ! textbook writ] is n a hi/orian4 ,! hi/orian writes = ! op5 m>ket4 ,he has ! privilege ( select+ & organiz+ 8 mat]ial 9 accordance ) 8 own views4 ,he may be an imp>tial writ] or he may be a p>tisan4 ,! textbook writ] has n ?is fre$om4 ,he is subject to ! limitations impos$ ^u ! tea*]4444 ,x is = ! tea*] to det]m9e :at mat]ial is ne$$4 ,x is = ! textbook writ] to supply x4 ,un=tunately1 an exam9ation ( ! prefaces 9 v>i\s textbooks %[s t "s textbook writ]s d n take ?is view4444 ,we believe t a textbook writ] :o seeks to influ5ce our int]national relations is a propag&i/4 ,"u our con/itution x is = ! f$]al gov]nm5t1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to det]m9e :at our =eign relations %all be4 ,! *ildr5 9 att5dance 9 our public s*ools mu/ n be us$ directly or indirectly to influ5ce (ficial action 9 su* matt]s4 ,c4 ,! ,burd5 ,( ,pro( ,re/s ,^u ,him ,:o ,makes ,a ,d]ogatory ,/atem5t ,z a rule d]ogatory /atem5ts h little or no educational value4444 ,only :5 a man has be5 guilty ( an act ( great moral turpitude is a discussion ( 8 act likely to lead to b5eficial consequ5ces4 ,n]o's cruelty & ,arnold's treason are illu/rations4444 ,d4 ,probable ,reason ,= ,! ,pres5ce ,( ,mu* ,( ,! ,mat]ial ,to ,:i* ,objections ,h ,be5 ,made ,probably ! factor pr9cipally responsible = ! pres5ce ( objectionable mat]ial 9 ! textbooks "u inve/igation is t ! writ]s h n divid$ _! mat]ial into topic-units1 & h n =mulat$ aims1 suffici5tly ext5sive 9 scope to p]mit m>%all+ ! facts 9 due subord9ation4444 ,e4 ,emasculat$ ,acc\nts ,( ,w>s ,9 ,ord] ,to ,enc\rage ,peace ,objection has be5 made to ! treatm5t 9 "s ( ! textbooks ( ! w>s 9 :i* we h be5 engag$4 ,! objections are to ! effect t ! acc\nts are emasculat$4 ,9 reply x is /r5u\sly urg$ t 8! sure/ way to end w>1 is to s+ ! praises ( peace & to say little ( w> & ! h]oes ( w>40444 ,w> 9 def5se ( fre$om or 9 v9dication ( righte\sness1 ju/ice & equity %\ld be vividly portray$1 & ! praises ( its h]oes %\ld be joy\sly sung4 ,?us only c we raise a citiz5ry will+ to die = ! c\ntry4 ,f4 ,our ,h]oes ,objection has be5 made t "s ( ! textbooks conta9 /atem5ts 9 d]ogation ( our national h]oes4 ,9 reply x has be5 urg$ t ! /atem5ts are true1 & t att5tion %\ld be call$ to ! weaknesses ( our h]oes or we w e/eem !m too highly4 ,tru? is no def5se to ! *>ge ( impropriety4444 ,! assurance t po/]ity w hold our h]oes 9 grateful remembrance is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful inc5tives to h]oic a*ievem5t4 ,to pres]ve unsulli$ ! "n & fame ( ^? :o h battl$ t we might enjoy ! bless+s ( lib]ty1 is a solemn & sacr$ obligation4444 ,g4 ,propag&a ,x has be5 *>g$ t "s textbooks conta9 propag&a4 ,9 reply "s h alleg$ t all :o make ! *>ge are p]sons oppos$ to fri5dly relations ) ,great ,brita94 ,! reply _c be su/a9$1 z appe>s f ! foll[+ editorial 9 8,! ,am]ican ,legion ,weekly0 ( ,octob] #g1 #aiba3 8,! c\ntry has kn[n = "s "t t s*ool textbooks on ,am]ican hi/ory are be+ revis$ on ! !ory t ! elim9ation or correction ( obvi\s untru?s or di/ort$ tru?s conc]n+ ,engl&'s relations ) ?is c\ntry1 notably dur+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 w\ld promote ! cause ( int]national fri5d%ip4444 ,if ! purpose ( "s ( ! au?ors 0 n to give ! la/+ impression to ! s*ool *ildr5 ( ?is c\ntry t ! ,revolution>y ,w> 0 an unju/ifiable w>1 t is likely to be ! effect ( _! "w4444 ,x w be regrett$ if :at appe>$ to be a m]itori\s und]tak+ has be5 exploit$ ) propag&a :i* e fair-m9d$ ,am]ican mu/ res5t40444 ,h4 ,controv]sial ,topics ,z f> z possible1 ! writ] ( a textbook %\ld avoid controv]sial topics4 ,! public s*ools are ma9ta9$ by ! public funds4 ,! taxpay]s are ( v>i\s cre$s & political beliefs4 ,_! feel+s mu/ be respect$4444 ,i4 ,patriotism ,x is object$ t "s ( ! textbooks make no attempt to inculcate patriotism by br++ to ! att5tion ( pupils ! be/ 9 ! lives1 words1 & de$s ( our patriots2 & t 9 "s ( ! books1 too mu* att5tion is giv5 to ! utt]ances & a*ievem5ts ( ! h]oes ( o!r c\ntries4 ,9 reply1 x is urg$ t true patriotism does n require t we magnify our c\ntry at ! exp5se ( o!rs2 t a 8n>r[-vision$0 patriotism means t ! ,engli%man w become m ,engli%1 ! ,g]man1 m ,g]man2 & ! ,am]ican1 m ,am]ican4444 ,patriotism is n 8egotism40 ,to make c]ta9 t ! pupils 9 ! elem5t>y grades are ?or\ghly famili> ) our own h]oes be=e we introduce !m to ! h]oes ( o!r l&s is nei!r 8n>r[-vision$0 nor evid5ce ( 8int]national hatr$40444 ,,footnotes3 #iai ,new ,york ,city ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,report on ,hi/ory ,textbooks us$ 9 ! ,public ,s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york 7,new ,york1 #aibb74 ,d4 ,,report ,,( ,,& ,,review ,,on ,,c]ta9 ,,text ,,books ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ools1 ,,& ,,ord] ,,relat+ ,,!reto ,city ( ,bo/on#ibj ,! foll[+ 0 pres5t$3 ,on ,octob] #bc1 #aibb ! ,city ,c\ncil unanim\sly pass$ an ord] reque/+ ! ,s*ool ,committee to give a he>+ = ! consid]ation ( c]ta9 objections made to ! use 9 ! public s*ools ( ?is city ( 8,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 revis$ #aibj1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t2 ,burke's 8,spee* on ,conciliation10 edit$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,w>d #aiai2 & 8,am]ican ,hi/ory10 by ,d4 ,s4 ,muzzey4 ,! preface to ! ,w>d edition ( ,burke's 8,spee* on ,conciliation0 0 f\nd to be 9 c]ta9 respects objectionable1 & ! book !re=e has be5 dropp$ f ! li/4 ,9 compliance ) ?is reque/ ! ,s*ool ,committee appo9t$ = a he>+ ! late aft]noon ( ,w$nesday1 ,novemb] #ae1 & 9 response to a fur!r reque/ t ! he>+ be 9 ! ev5+ r ?an 9 ! aft]noon 9 ord] to meet ! conv5i5ce ( ! memb]s ( ! ,city ,c\ncil1 ! h\r 0 *ang$ to #h o'clock ,p4,m4 on t day4 ,! ,city ,c\ncil 0 repres5t$ at ! he>+ by "o ( its memb]s4 ,! ,s*ool ,committee believes t extreme c>e is tak5 to avoid ! inclusion ^u ! s-call$ ,au?oriz$ ,li/ ( any unfit or improp] books = use 9 ! public s*ools1 & :5ev] 9 ! pa/ x has appe>$ t any books to :i* reasonable objections may be made h be5 s includ$ prompt /eps h be5 tak5 to discont9ue ! use ( su* books4 ,?is c\rse w be foll[$ 9 ! future z c>efully z 9 ! pa/4 ,! ,s*ool ,committee welcomes all hone/ & fair-m9d$ criticism ( any ( its acts1 & p>ticul>ly :5 su* criticism is helpful & con/ructive4 ,x does n welcome criticism t seeks m]ely to te> d[n or de/roy & does n sub/itute = ! object ( attack some?+ t is bett] & m useful4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,committee h p]sonally exam9$ ! books "u discussion1 ) consid]able c>e1 bo? be=e & aft] ! he>+4 ,!y feel1 !re=e1 t !y are reasonably well acqua9t$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! books & ) ! objections t h be5 urg$ aga9/ !m4 ,!y h also _h prep>$ a c>eful & dispassionate review "u ! direction ( ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts ( all or sub/antially all ( ! criticisms made aga9/ ^! books & br\ght to _! att5tion1 & a refutation ( ^! criticisms :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,committee1 ju/ice to ! au?ors dem&s4 ,! review is h]eto app5d$4 ,nei!r ?is report1 nor ! accompany+ review %\ld be con/ru$ z indicat+ t ! memb]s ( ! ,committee are 9 entire sympa?y & agreem5t ) all ! /atem5ts :i* ! books conta91 nor t prop] & balanc$ emphasis has be5 plac$ 9 all in/ances ^u c]ta9 ev5ts 9 our national hi/ory4 ,op9ions on ?is po9t mu/ necess>ily & widely diff] & _c be br\ght into absolute reconcilem5t1 b su* diff]5ces c]ta9ly are n suffici5t to w>rant ! condemnation ( ! books nor ! impea*m5t ( ! s9c]ity & good fai? ( ! au?ors4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! ,committee1 also1 !re are 9 ! books examples ( :at might be call$ 8loose writ+10 "o s+le in/ance ( :i* mu/ suffice4 ,pr(essor ,h>t says 8! only way to f9d out :at races compos$ ! :ite population 79 #agij7 is to exam9e ! family names & !y %[ t ab\t five-six?s 7 desc5d$ f ,engli% ance/ors2 "o-twelf? 7 ,scot*1 ,scot*-,iri%1 & ,iri%2 4442 sic ab\t "o-tw5tie? 7 ,g]mans1 & ab\t "o-fiftie? 7 ,dut*40 ,we ?9k ?is is n a correct hi/orical /atem5t to make4 ,true1 reliable /ati/ics are1 ( c\rse1 h>d to obta91 b x is surely n correct to say t ! only way to f9d :at races compos$ ! :ite population at t "t is to exam9e ! family names4 ,= in/ance1 ! names ( two hundr$ memb]s ( ! ,*>itable ,iri% ,society ( ?is city1 a society =m$ 9 #agcg1 h be5 call$ to our att5tion1 :o 7 memb]s ( t society prior to #agij & mo/ ( !m prior to #aggj1 & :o w\ld n1 if ,pr(essor ,h>t's /&>d obta9$ ( judg+ f names alone1 v likely be consid]$ by him z ,iri%4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! he>+ irrelevant & extrane\s matt]s 7 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! ,s*ool ,committee to :i* x li/5$ ) scant pati5ce4 ,! "q at issue 0 ! fitness or ! unfitness ( two books = use 9 ! public s*ools4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! he>+1 :at ! ,s*ool ,committee reg>ds z unw>rant$ & ill-f\nd$ attacks 7 made ^u ! au?ors ( ^! books4 ,! life ( ,pr(essor ,h>t1 ! s]vice ( 8 two sons 9 ! ,_w ,w>1 & 8 ance/ry =bid any suspicion ( 8 loyalty & patriotism4 ,! life ( ,pr(essor ,muzzey & 8 ance/ry1 ) its record ( honorable s]vice 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 & at ,lex+ton1 equally =bid any belief t he w\ld be subs]vi5t to =eign influ5ce4 ,any h9t or sugge/ion t ei!r ( ^! g5tlem5 0 influ5c$ to promote ,briti% propag&a especially by pecuni>y recomp5se is un?9kable4 ,nor is _! reputation & /&+ z reliable hi/orians to be impugn$ by su* criticism z is n[ levell$ aga9/ !m4 ,! real & only "q at issue is :e!r _! hi/ories conta9 mat]ial to :i* reasonable & prop] objection may be made4 ,x goes )\t say+ t no hi/orian has ev] succe$$ 9 writ+ a book :i* met satisfactorily e po9t ( view1 nor does any hi/ory place an equal am\nt ( emphasis ^u all ! topics :i* x discusses4 ,"o hi/ory may deal ma9ly ) ! social & economic gr[? ( a nation2 ano!r ) its milit>y or naval exploits2 ano!r may dwell at l5g? ^u ! p]sonal a*ievem5ts ( its great figures2 ano!r ^u its political developm5t4 ,x is cle>ly impossible t "o brief volume %\ld give adequate treatm5t to all ! /eps incid5t to ! orig9 & gr[? ( a great nation4 ,!re=e1 ! li/ au?oriz$ = use 9 ! public s*ools conta9s n m]ely a s+le book1 b _m hi/ories all diff]+ 9 _! treatm5t ( ! subject1 & ^! books are1 ( c\rse1 l>gely supplem5t$ by ! p]sonal in/ruction & guidance ( ! tea*]4 ,if ! books 9 "q conta9 s mu* t is objectionable & unpatriotic1 x is s+ul> t "s ( our great body ( intellig5t & patriotic tea*]s h fail$ to discov] ^! grave defects1 & t ! books h _h s little app>5t effect ^u ! loyalty ( ! pupils :o h _h access to !m4 ,! ,s*ool ,committee also deplores ! c\rse pursu$ by ! critics ( ^! books 9 te>+ f _! context deta*$ s5t5ces & omitt+ explanations & summ>ies :i* are ess5tial to a grasp ( ! au?ors' real mean+4 ,! critic :o pursues su* a c\rse may easily f9d opportunity = criticism ( any book t ev] has be5 writt5 on ! subject ( hi/ory1 & inde$ on _m o!r subjects z well4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! he>+ c]ta9 passages 9 ^! books 7 attack$ on ! gr\nd t !y gave an unfavorable impression conc]n+ ! "* & actions ( a few ( ! great p>ty lead]s ( ! "t2 b x mu/ n be =gott5 t 9 su* in/ances ! au?ors h m]ely not$ ! op9ions ( oppos+ p>ty lead]s4 ,unque/ionably1 ! pupils 9 our s*ools are p]fectly well aw>e ( ! sev]e1 po9t$ & frequ5tly virul5t criticism t is con/antly be+ direct$ aga9/ m5 n[ 9 public life4 ,acqua9t$ ) ?is criticism1 is x reasonable to expect !m to believe t ! lead]s ( our c\ntry 9 pa/ ye>s 7 really sup]-m5 or demi-gods1 & n equally subject to ! weaknesses & frailties t surr\nd human life today8 ,ev5 ! rev]$ ,abraham ,l9coln 0 ! t>get1 9 8 "t1 ( abuse & vilification4 ,nor did ,wa%+ton himself escape ! calumnies ( "s ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,z to ! omission ( :at ! critics reg>d z adequate m5tion ( =m] national h]oes1 su* z ,na?an ,hale1 ,an?ony ,wayne1 ,putnam1 ,sumt]1 ,pick5s1 ,m>ion1 ,/>k1 ,sullivan1 ,knox1 ,commodore ,b>ry1 ,s]gt4 ,jasp]1 ,light ,horse ,h>ry ,lee1 ,molly ,pit*] & ,betsy ,ross3 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! exploits ( ^! patriots1 important1 brilliant & picturesque z !y 7 h be5 repeat$ly emphasiz$ 9 ! c\rse 9 hi/ory dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( ! pupils' s*ool life :ile ^! two books are adapt$ to use ( old] pupils4 ,! ,s*ool ,committee w\ld gladly express its op9ion item by item on ! v>i\s specific criticisms t h be5 made aga9/ ^! books 7 x n = ! fact t to d s w\ld unduly l5g!n ?is report4 ,!y are cov]$ 9 detail 9 ! accompany+ review4#iba ,! ma9 & controll+ "q at pres5t issue is ?is3 ,does ei!r ( ^! books conta9 matt] :i* is unpatriotic1 disloyal or calculat$ to falsely impress ! m9ds ( ! pupils to :om !y are made accessible8 ,if !y d1 _! fur!r use 9 ! s*ools %\ld n be p]mitt$4 ,if !y d n1 !re is n good & suffici5t reason to ju/ify _! exclusion & ! consequ5t reflection ^u ! s9c]ity & good fai? ( _! au?ors4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 moreov] t ^! books are 9 con/ant process ( revision & correction z errors & mis/atem5ts are discov]$1 & ?is is true probably ( ! works ( all hi/orians ( /&+ & repute4 ,x may be po9t$ out also t ^? :o advance ^! criticisms d n sugge/ ! titles ( o!r books :i* !y w\ld reg>d z unobjectionable4 ,on ?is po9t !y are absolutely sil5t4 ,! ,s*ool ,committee1 !re=e1 hav+ giv5 due consid]ation to ! matt]1 is ( ! op9ion t ! criticisms aga9/ ^! two books are n suffici5t to ju/ify _! exclusion f ! ,au?oriz$ ,li/1 & directs t ! ,city ,c\ncil be s in=m$4 ,,david ,d4 ,,scannell4 ,,frances ,g4 ,,curtis4 ,! und]sign$1 :ile 9 agreem5t ) ! =ego+ report1 is1 nev]!less1 ( ! op9ion t ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts %\ld see t 9 any future revision ( ^! two books c]ta9 /atem5ts !re9 conta9$1 :i* ?is report & ! accompany+ review d n approve1 are omitt$ or modifi$ by ! au?ors or publi%]s4 ,,ri*>d ,j4 ,,lane4 ,,footnotes3 #ibj ,city ( ,bo/on1 ,proce$+s ( ,s*ool ,committee1 ,decemb] #ah1 #aibb4 #iba ,! review is n includ$ 9 ?is ,app5dix4 ,e4 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,proce$+s ,,( ,,! ,,conv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,f$]ation ,,( ,,labor1 ,,c9c9nati1 ,,june1 #aibb4 ,,eigh? ,,day ,,proce$+s#ibb 8,inve/igation ( ,text ,books0 "u ! ,committee on ,education & ! ,executive ,c\ncil ,! committee is exce$+ly glad to report ! completion ( ! survey ( text books & social /udies "u ! direction ( ! p]man5t ,committee on ,education & ! ,executive ,c\ncil by ,o4 ,s4 ,bey]1 ,jr4 ,?is significant piece ( "w is n[ 9 ! h&s ( t committee4 ,its scope is indicat$ by ! title1 8,social ,/udies 9 ! ,public ,s*ools40 ,! report is divid$ into six sections & a supplem5t1 z foll[s3 ,,"p ,i--,influ5ces at ,"w 9 ,public ,education3 #a4 ,! ,?reat to ,public ,education4 #b4 ,:o is ,responsible8 #c4 ,safegu>ds & ,rem$ies4 ,,"p ,,ii--,nature & ,ext5t ( ,in/ruction 9 ,social ,/udies3 #a4 ,importance ( ! ,social ,/udies4 #b4 ,cont5t ( ! ,c\rse4 #c4 ,ext5t to ,:i* ,!y are ,be+ ,taught4 ,,"p ,,iii--,survey ( ,social ,sci5ce ,text ,books3 #a4 ,! ,importance ( ! ,text ,books4 #b4 ,gr[? ( ! ,social ,/udies4 #c4 ,nature ( ! ,te/s ,appli$ to ! ,text ,books4 #d4 ,summ>y ( ! ,f9d+s4 #e4 ,*ief ,criticisms ( ,text ,books4 #f4 ,text ,books 9 ,use4 #g4 ,! ,selection ( ,text ,books4 #h4 ,subjects ( ,inve/igation ,outside ( ,classroom4 #i4 ,topics ,discuss$ 9 ,curr5t ,ev5ts4 #aj4 ,! ,inclusion ( ! ,labor ,movem5t 9 ,c\rses ( ,/udy4 ,,"p ,,iv--,conclusions4 ,,"p ,v--,recomm5dations3 #a4 ,) ,reg>d to ,?is ,report4 #b4 ,) ,reg>d to ,future ,action4 ,,"p ,,vi--,app5dices3 ,a4 ,! ,numb] ( ,s*ools ,us+ ,ea* ,specifi$ ,text 9 ,civics4 ,b4 ,! ,numb] ( ,s*ools ,us+ ,ea* ,specifi$ ,text 9 ,economics4 ,c4 ,! ,numb] ( ,s*ools ,us+ ,ea* ,specifi$ ,text 9 ,sociology4 ,d4 ,obs]vation1 ,inve/igation1 etc41 ,c>ri$ on ,outside ! ,s*ool = ,economics ,c\rse by ,numb] ( ,s*ools4 ,e4 ,obs]vations1 ,inve/igations1 etc41 ,c>ri$ on ,outside ( ,s*ool = ,civics ,c\rse by ,numb] ( ,s*ools4 ,f4 ,typical ,subjects ,discuss$ 9 ,curr5t ,ev5ts by ,numb] ( ,s*ools4 ,supplem5t+--,evaluat+ ( ,specific ,text ,books 9 ,hi/ory1 ,civics1 ,economics & ,sociology3 #a4 ,type ( ,book4 #b4 ,g5]al ,consid]ation4 #c4 ,specific ,consid]ations4 #d4 ,detail ,evaluation ( ,text ,books4 a4 ,civics4 b4 ,hi/ory4 c4 ,economics4 d4 ,sociology4 ,"p ,i ( ! report reveals t a s]i\s ?reat is m5ac+ our public education sy/em1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n work+ itself out s mu* aga9/ ! means ( education1 su* z ! c\rses ( /udy & ! text books us$1 z aga9/ ! human "p ( our educational sy/em1 namely1 ! great body ( tea*]s4 ,responsibility = ?is ?reat devolves ma9ly ^u a gr\p ( extra-educational associations1 su* z ! ,national ,association ( ,manufactur]s1 ,national ,indu/rial ,conf]5ce ,bo>d1 8,am]ica ,fir/0 ,publicity ,association1 & o!rs4 ,_! influ5ce1 h[ev]1 is be+ p>tially c\nt]act$ by public-spirit$1 progressive educational organizations4 ,safegu>ds & rem$ies are at ! disposal ( ! organiz$ labor movem5t individually & 9 cop]ation ) ! progressive educational associations to re=m ! situation4 ,?is section concludes ) a description ( ! _m organizations active 9 ! field ( public education endeavor+ to ex]t an influ5ce ^u x4 ,"p ,,ii br+s out ! true significance ( ! social /udies 9 relation to ! hi/ory1 a*ievem5ts1 aims & ideals ( ! labor movem5t4 ,x emphasizes1 bas$ ^u sci5tific data1 ! place ( ! labor movem5t 9 ! social sci5ces4 ,its great significance 9 mod]n society is ?us cle>ly e/abli%$4 ,! op9ions & judgm5ts ( our mo/ em95t progressive educators are cit$ 9 support ( ^! f9d+s1 hav+ be5 secur$ by special inquiry4 ,?is section also reveals t ! ext5t to :i* ^! /udies :i* prop]ly deal ) ! labor movem5t are be+ taught is entirely inadequate4 ,progress1 h[ev]1 has be5 made 9 rec5t ye>s 9 ! ext5sion ( ! social sci5ces 9 our public s*ools4 ,nev]!less1 v mu* /ill mu/ be done4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole public educational sy/em1 if ! ideals ( humanity z express$ by ! labor movem5t1 are to receive adequate consid]ation 9 public education1 w require recon/ruction ar\nd ! social /udies4 ,"p ,,iii deals ) ! importance ( ! text book 9 tea*+ ! social /udies4 ,x describes ! basis ^u :i* ! te/s 7 =mulat$ by means ( :i* ! text books cov]$ 9 ?is report 7 evaluat$4 ,! summ>y ( ^! evaluations are sic !n pres5t$1 toge!r ) a rsum ( ! *ief criticisms ( ! texts scrut9iz$4 ,9 all1 #abc text books--#dg hi/ories1 #dg civics1 #be economics1 & #d sociologies--7 evaluat$4 ,! te/s br+ out t "o-half ( ! books 7#ee p] c5t7 are ( ! new] type1 deal+ ) ! broad] aspects ( gov]nm5t & ! social & indu/rial life ( ! p1 r ?an ) =ms ( organization1 milit>y ev5ts & ab/ract !ories4 ,/ill1 a l>g] proportion 7#fj p] c5t7 recogniz$ to a great] or less degree ! p[] = gr[? 9 our in/itutions2 are dynamic r ?an /atic 9 _! me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,9 deal+ ) que/ions ( p>ticul> int]e/ to labor !re is a great div]g5ce 9 concept z well z 9 me?od ( treatm5t4 ,! old] =mal texts ei!r omit ^! subjects entirely or treat !m s unsatisfactorily t = all practical purposes !y might j z well be omitt$4 ,"s ( ! m mod]n ones deal ) !m briefly & p]functorily1 b on ! :ole ! new] type ( text does attempt to give ! labor movem5t 9 ! problem ( indu/ry adequate & j consid]ation4 ,failure to d s is app>5tly due to ignorance ( ! au?or or to a hesitancy to deal ) ?is difficult subject1 r ?an to a delib]ate attempt to keep ! facts ( indu/ry out ( ! s*ools4 ,al?\gh num]\s cases ( error1 mislead+ /atem5ts1 misplac$ emphasis1 discrim9ation aga9/ unions1 & use ( obsolete mat]ial1 may be po9t$ out4 ,! survey f9ds no evid5ce t text books are be+ us$ = propag&a purposes4 ,! publi%]s1 ! report consid]s1 are und\bt$ly des]v+ ( a great deal ( cr$it = keep+ s*ool-books free f propag&a1 & to ?is _s ( fair-play & desire = tru? x consid]s t ! organiz$ labor movem5t may look = help 9 ! correction ( errone\s1 mislead+ or unfair /atem5ts :i* m> ! pages ( o!rwise excell5t texts4 ,conc]n+ ! text books 9 use1 ! report po9ts out t n only is an increas+ supply ( ! bett] books becom+ available1 b !re is also a /eadily increas+ dem& = !m4 ,! inve/igation made also reveals ! fact t1 especially 9 civics & hi/ory1 ! mod]n or m approv$ text is be+ us$ to a l>g] ext5t ?an ! less satisfactory4 ,subjects discuss$ or inve/igat$ 9 supplem5t>y c\rses ( /udy su* z ,curr5t ,ev5ts1 ! report indicates1 pay a great deal ( att5tion to problems & matt]s ( special int]e/ to labor4444 ,,footnotes3 #ibb ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor1 ,report ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,conv5tion ( ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor at ,c9c9nati1 ,june #bb1 #aibb1 ,eigh? ,day ,proce$+s 7,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aibb74 ,f4 ,,wiscons9 ,,law ,,( #aibc ,,affect+ ,,hi/ory ,,textbooks#ibc ,an ,act ,to create section #dj4cf ( ! /atutes1 relat+ to textbooks us$ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,! p ( ! /ate ( ,wiscons91 repres5t$ 9 s5ate & assembly1 d enact z foll[s3 ,,section #a4 ,a new section is add$ to ! /atutes to be numb]$ & to read3 #dj4cf 7#a7 ,no hi/ory or o!r textbook %all be adopt$ = use or be us$ 9 any di/rict s*ool1 city s*ool1 vocational s*ool or high s*ool :i* falsifies ! facts reg>d+ ! w> ( indep5d5ce1 or ! w> ( #ahab or :i* defames our nation's f\nd]s or misrepres5ts ! ideals & causes = :i* !y /ruggl$ & sacrific$1 or :i* conta9s propag&a favorable to any =eign gov]nm5t4 7#b7 ,^u compla9t ( any five citiz5s fil$ ) ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction t any hi/ory or o!r textbook :i* is be+ us$ 9 any di/rict s*ool1 city s*ool1 vocational s*ool or high s*ool conta9s any matt] prohibit$ by subsection 7#a7 ( ?is section1 ! /ate sup]9t5d5t %all fix a "t = a public he>+ ^u su* compla9t1 :i* %all be n m ?an ?irty days f ! date ( fil+ said compla9t1 & %all be conduct$ ei!r by ! /ate sup]9t5d5t or ! assi/ant /ate sup]9t5d5t1 or by "o ( ! /ate inspectors ( s*ools1 to be designat$ by ! /ate sup]9t5d5t1 & :i* he>+ %all be held at ! c\nty seat ( ! c\nty :]e ! compla9ants reside4 ,notice ( su* he>+ %all be giv5 at lea/ t5 days prior to ! date !re( ?r\gh ! public press & by regi/]$ mail to ! compla9ants1 ! s*ool bo>d int]e/$ & to ! publi%]s ( su* textbook4 7#c7 ,)9 t5 days aft] su* he>+ ! /ate sup]9t5d5t %all make a f9d+ ^u su* compla9t4 ,if he f9ds t any textbook conta9s matt] prohibit$ 9 subsection 7#a7 ( ?is section1 he %all make note ( su* f9d+ 9 ! li/ ( textbooks :i* he is requir$ by p>agraph 7b7 ( subsection 7#a7 ( section #dj4ce annually to publi% & to transmit to all c\nty & city sup]9t5d5ts4 ,no su* textbook %all !reaft] be plac$ on ! li/ ( textbooks :i* may be adopt$1 sold or ex*ang$ 9 ?is /ate4 7#d7 ,e s*ool bo>d1 bo>d ( education1 bo>d ( vocational education1 or c\nty bo>d ( education :i* has control ov] ! textbooks us$ 9 any di/rict s*ool1 city s*ool1 vocational s*ool1 or high s*ool1 %all cause any textbook :i* ! /ate sup]9t5d5t has f\nd conta9s matt] prohibit$ 9 subsection 7#a7 ( ?is section to be )drawn f use 9 su* s*ool prior to ! op5+ ( ! s*ool ye> foll[+ ! publication ( su* f9d+ ( ! /ate sup]9t5d5t4 ,no /ate aid "u ! provisions ( sections #bj4be1 #bj4bf1 #bj4bg1 #bj4bh1 #bj4bi1 #bj4cc & #bj4cce ( ! /atutes %all be paid = ! support ( any di/rict s*ool1 city s*ool1 vocational s*ool or high s*ool dur+ any ye> 9 :i* any su* textbook is us$ 9 su* s*ool aft] ! f9d+ ( ! /ate sup]9t5d5t4 ,,section #b4 ,?is act %all take effect ^u passage & publication4 ,,footnotes3 #ibc ,laws ( ,wiscons91 #aibc1 *apt] #ba4 ,g4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,legion ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,is ,,to ,,foll[ ,,^! ,,l9es3#ibd #a4 ,x is meant = a textbook to tea* hi/ory1 n lit]ature nor ! mean+ ( words4 ,h5ce1 x mu/ be simple1 easily read 9 ! upp] grades ( ,gramm> ,s*ools1 t is1 by boys & girls f twelve to fifte54 ,x mu/ fit _! intellig5ce4 ,,avoid ,,inflat$ ,,words3 ,,expla9 ,,unkn[n ,,ideas4 #b4 ,x mu/ inspire ! *ildr5 ) patriotism1 mu/ prea* on e page a vivid love ( ,am]ica4 ,x mu/ ,,believe 9 our l&1 & make o!rs believe 9 x4 ,x mu/ believe 9 democracy4 ,,speak ,,w>mly2 ,,h ,,en?usiasm4 #c4 ,x mu/ build up "*4 ,x mu/ emphasize t our ance/ors accompli%$ great de$s1 & ?us /r5g!n ! *ildr5 to attempt brave de$s !mselves4 ,x mu/ tell ( noble ?+s & praise !m4 ,h5ce x %\ld pres]ve ! old patriotic leg5ds1 ?\gh po9t+ out :]e ^! are leg5ds r ?an facts4 ,,pres]ve ,,! ,,leg5ds2 ,,praise ,,noble ,,de$s4 #d4 ,x mu/ speak 9 an e>ne/ spiritual /ra91 believ+ 9 ,god2 & n be+ afraid to m5tion ,him1 ?\gh ( c\rse nev] 9 a sect>ian way4 ,x mu/ n r\se religi\s or racial hatr$ or di/ru/4 ,x mu/ create a confid5ce 9 righte\sness & dec5cy4 ,,enc\rage ,,fai?2 ,,build ,,high ,,self-,,respect4 #e4 ,x mu/ speak ! tru?1 s t no *ild le>ns aft]w>d to di/ru/ x4 ,b 9 tell+ ! tru? x mu/ be c>eful to tell tru? optimi/ically4 ,x w m5tion ! blund]s ( ! pa/ s ! *ild le>ns to be c>eful2 b x mu/ dwell on failure only = its value z a moral lesson1 mu/ speak *iefly ( success4 ,,emphasize ,,ef=t ,,& ,,success1 ,,n ,,failure4 #f4 ,x mu/ be non-p>tisan4 ,x mu/ give ea* ,/ate & ,section full space & value = ! a*ievem5ts ( ea*1 n c5tralize on any "o section4 ,x mu/ give ea* political p>ty praise = :at ! p>ty has accompli%$1 b praise none unduly by belittl+ o!rs4 ,,c>ry ,,no ,,propag&a4 #g4 ,x mu/ ,,int]e/ ! *ildr54 ,too little emphasis has p]haps be5 laid on ?is po9t4 ,a few facts made liv+ w la/ ) ! *ild2 a mass ( unattractive detail is soon =gott54 ,keep li/s ( ?+s = an app5dix4 ,,deal ,,) ,,p ,,r ,,?an ,,?+s4 #h4 ,z x is to be /udi$ by z _m girls z boys1 x mu/ int]e/ girl /ud5ts4 ,x mu/ br+ out ! womanly side1 mu/ m5tion wom51 _! inspiration to _! m51 _! de$s ( devotion z well z _! mat]ial accompli%m5ts4 ,,enl>ge ,,! ,,woman ,,"p4 #i4 ,z ! /ud5ts h already he>d ( ,columbus1 ,wa%+ton1 etc41 ! text mu/ all[ = ?is4 ,x mu/ avoid repeat+ obvi\s ?+s2 b x mu/ ga!r all ! *ild's odds & ends ( hi/orical k into "o complete view1 a su/a9$ n>rative4 ,,make ,a ,,complete ,,picture4 #aj4 ,9 brief1 ! book is int5d$ to enc\rage patriotism1 /r5g!n "*1 /imulate ?\ght & impress ! wor? ( ,,tru?4 ,arrangem5t & ,make-,up ,! book w be s arrang$ t x c be furni%$ 9 two volumes 7divid+ at ! ye> #aghi7 to fit ! sev5? & eigh? ye>s ( s*ool "w z usually organiz$4 ,! p>agraph head+s are to be 9 !mselves a brief outl9e ( ! /ory2 & no o!r mat]ial1 su* z notes1 etc41 %all be all[$ to break ! n>rative fl[4 ,me*anical make-up is to foll[ ! e/abli%$ text book /&>ds z to size1 spac+1 typography1 color & pap] to prev5t eye-/ra94 ,! b9d+ is to be attractive & durable2 & ! illu/rations w be a special feature4#ibe ,/atem5t ( ,pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican ,legion = ! ,writ+ ( _! ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,textbook1 z well z _! ,attitude t[>d pres5t-day ,textbooks#ibf #a4 ,to acqua9t ! pupils ) ! basic facts & movem5ts1 political1 indu/rial & social1 ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,to emphasize ! pr9ciples & motives t 7 ( greate/ influ5ce 9 ! =mation & developm5t ( our gov]nm5t4 #c4 ,to e/abli% ideals ( patriotic & civic duty4 #d4 ,to awak5 9 ! pupil a desire to emulate all praisewor?y endeavor4 #e4 ,to emphasize ! importance ( weigh+ p]missible evid5ce 9 =m+ judgm5ts4 #f4 ,to pres5t ! e?ical & moral pr9ciples exemplifi$ 9 ! lives ( patriotic lead]s4 #g4 ,to inspire 9 ! pupil an appreciation ( ! h>d%ips endur$ & sacrifices made 9 e/abli%+ & def5d+ ,am]ican ideals4 #h4 ,to develop 9 ! pupil a love = ,am]ican in/itutions & ! det]m9ation to ma9ta9 & def5d !m4 #i4 ,to br+ ! light ( reason & exp]i5ce to be> on radical or ali5 !ories ( economic & political sy/ems4 #aj4 ,to enable ! pupil to int]pret ! pres5t 9 t]ms ( ! pa/ & to view intellig5tly ! functions & ! value ( exi/+ in/itutions4 ,9 brief1 ! attitude ( ,! ,am]ican ,legion t[>d curr5t hi/ory texts is set =? by ! foll[+ report on hi/ory inve/igation3 ,! committee on hi/ory inve/igation1 at ! "t ?is report 0 writt51 _h ab\t half complet$ _! inve/igation4 ,mu* ( ! agitation & compla9t reg>d+ s*ool textbooks 9 hi/ory has app>5tly come f prejudic$ s\rces--f m5 & in/itutions t are !mselves propag&i/s & :o use ?is me?od ( *eck+ _! own un-,am]ican s5tim5ts4 ,! =mal compla9ts publi%$ aft] 8inve/igation0 h be5 by m5 app>5tly incompet5t to sit 9 judgm5t on hi/orical data4 ,= example1 ! ,commission] ( ,acc\nts ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,we believe t !re are a suffici5t numb] ( ?or\ghly compet5t educational exp]ts :o c pass on su* matt]s )\t call+ 9 a ,commission] ( ,acc\nts4 ,we d n believe t su* m5 z ,muzzey ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,we/ ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan sic1 ,h>t ( ,h>v>d1 ,mc,laughlin ( ,*icago ,univ]sity1 ,van ,tyne ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 ,guitteau1 ,director ( ,s*ools1 ,tol$o1 are unpatriotic or t _! books 7 writt5 z ! result ( organiz$ propag&a4 ,we believe1 h[ev]1 t ! au?ors h laid !mselves op5 to j criticism because ( ! fact t !y h sometimes made /atem5ts f ! po9t ( view ( a critic or inve/igator r ?an f t ( a tea*]4 ,_! "w is ?us p]haps legitimate = ! advanc$ /ud5t & inve/igator b n 9 our op9ion = ! public s*ool pupil4 ,we believe also t "s ( ^! au?ors are at fault 9 plac+ be=e immature pupils ! blund]s1 foibles & frailties ( prom95t h]oes & patriots ( our ,nation4 ,hi/ory %\ld be taught ) a view to inspir+ our boys & girls ) love ( c\ntry & admiration = noble ideals4 ,if a pupil is l$ to believe t a great ,national h]o 0 guilty ( weakness & crime he is likely to excuse su* fail+s 9 himself & o!rs4 ,s*ool texts %\ld n belittle m5 :o h giv5 _! lives = _! c\ntry ev5 if x %\ld be discov]$ by exp]ts t !y h be5 subject to ord9>y human frailties4 ,we believe too t "s ( ! writ]s h be5 guilty ( introduc+ matt]s ( controv]sial nature )\t giv+ adequate space 7:i* 9 ! nature ( ! case !y c\ld n d7 = pres5tation ( ! ess5tial facts on bo? sides4 ,9 "s in/ances ! au?or's own p]sonal views 9 su* subjects seem to be exploit$4 ,an example is ! treatm5t ( ! t>iff 9 "s ( ! text books4 ,mat]ial is sometimes pres5t$ to give critical results ( rec5t hi/orical rese>*1 r ?an to influ5ce good citiz5%ip4 ,! li/ ( fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,! ,am]ican ,legion ,hi/ory giv5 above /ates our ideas ( ! matt] :i* %\ld be pres5t$ & ! me?od ( its pres5tation4 ,) reg>d to subjects t may be int]nationally controv]sial1 su* z ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t a good majority ( ! coloni/s support$ ! ,revolution & _h firm fai? 9 ! rectitude ( _! conduct & t almo/ all ( our p h s9ce believ$ t !y 7 "r1 & we d n believe t x is 9 ! int]e/ ( good citiz5%ip to h t fai? call$ 9 "q4 ,we believe t mu* ( ! criticism aga9/ s-call$ pro-,anglican /atem5ts is prompt$ by pro-,g]man s5tim5ts4 ,= example ! objection to ref]r+ to ,engl& z ! "m c\ntry4 ,! ,coloni/s !mselves us$ ?is t]m4 ,! objection seems to be purely capti\s & 9 a l9e ) a rec5t agitation to create ano!r language ?an ! ,engli% z ! language ( ,am]ica4 ,:ile we d n believe 9 glorify+ w> we believe t "s ( our great ,national victories & our ,national h]oes %\ld be writt5 up 9 a m inspirational mann] ?an is done 9 "s hi/ories4 ,we are confid5t t ?is w be accompli%$ 9 ,! ,am]ican ,legion ,hi/ory n[ be+ writt54#ibg ,,footnotes3 #ibd ,horne1 ,*>les ,f41 ,editorial ,director1 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,legion1 ,! ,am]ican ,legion ,s*ool ,hi/ory 7#cj ,*ur* ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 #aibc74 #ibe ,see ! ,pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican ,legion z ann\nc$ 9 #aibe by ! ,director ( ,am]icanism4 ,^! foll[ on ! next page4 ,! attitude ( ! ,legion t[>d hi/ory textbooks z giv5 by ,mr4 ,cross1 ! ,director1 is includ$4 #ibf ,receiv$ f ,frank ,c4 ,cross1 ,national ,director ,am]icanism ,commission1 ,am]ican ,legion1 ,decemb]1 #aibe4 #ibg ,accord+ to a /atem5t 9 ! ,bo/on ,h]ald1 ,may #g1 #aibf1 ! ,legion )drew its support1 ,june1 #aibe1 due to opposition )9 its memb]%ip1 :5 x abrogat$ its contract ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,publi%+ ,company4 ,z a result1 !y 7 8to receive no f9ancial b5efit f ! sale ( ! hi/ory2 p]mission1 h[ev]1 0 grant$ to ! company to c>ry on its title page ! fact t ! book 0 prep>$ at ! sugge/ion ( ! ,am]ican ,legion40 ,a lett] to ! au?or1 ,may #ac1 #aibf1 f ! ,assi/ant ,national ,director1 ,am]icanism ,commission1 h[ev]1 decl>es3 8,! ,legion has n retract$ 9 its position relative to ?is hi/ory4444 ,! only *ange made is t ! ,national ,executive ,committee annull$ ! arrangem5t :]eby ! ,legion 0 to receive a p]c5tage f ! sale ( ^! books4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,publi%+ ,company is a private conc]n40 ,h4 ,,am]ican ,,b> ,,association1 ,report 7#aibd74 ,committee on ,am]ican ,citiz5%ip1 8,our ,citiz5%ip ,cre$40#ibh #a4 ,i am liv+ "u a gov]nm5t--& am myself a "p ( su* gov]nm5t--:]e9 at lea/ an elem5t>y k ( ! nature & pr9ciples ( ?is ,gov]nm5t mu/ be g5]ally diffus$ among ! great mass ( its citiz5s4 ,i !re=e believe x to be my duty to in=m myself on ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! f\ndations ( our ,gov]nm5t z embodi$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution1 & ! application ( ! pr9ciples !re9 conta9$ to pres5t-day problems4 #b4 ,s9ce ours is a gov]nm5t (1 =1 & by ! p1 x is by ! v same tok5 a gov]nm5t ( & by public op9ion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 my duty1 z a good ,am]ican citiz51 to help =m public op9ion 9 ! community 9 :i* ,i live 9 ord] t all citiz5s may hold intellig5t1 j1 & humane views on gov]nm5tal que/ions & endeavor to h su* views embodi$ 9 our laws4 #c4 ,s9ce popul> gov]nm5t is %ap$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance by ! ex]cise ( suffrage1 x is "o ( my prim>y duties z a good ,am]ican citiz5 to ca/ my ballot 9 all local1 /ate & national elections & to urge my fell[-citiz5s to d ! same4 #d4 ,s9ce ours is 8a gov]nm5t ( laws & n ( m510 & s9ce an ord]ly gov]nm5t c exi/ only ?r\gh laws ju/ly adm9i/]$ & imp>tially en=c$1 ,i decl>e x to be my duty z a good citiz5 to s]ve z a juror :5ev] summon$1 & to use my influ5ce 9 e prop] way to ! end t lawy]s1 judges & jurors s conduct ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice z to entitle ! law & ! c\rts to popul> approval & support4 #e4 ,i believe t we ,am]icans h ! be/ gov]nm5t t has ev] be5 creat$--! free/ & ! mo/ j = all ! p--& t x is my duty to uphold & def5d ?is ,gov]nm5t at all times4 ,i believe t j z ! 8,m9ute ,man ( ! ,revolution0 0 ready ^u a mom5t's notice to def5d 8 rights aga9/ =eign usurpation1 x is my duty z a patriotic ,am]ican to be a 8,m9ute ,man ( ! ,con/itution10 ready at all times to def5d ! long-e/abli%$ & *]i%$ in/itutions ( our ,gov]nm5t aga9/ attacks1 ei!r f )9 or )\t1 & to d my "p 9 pres]v+ ! bless+s ( lib]ty = :i* my revolution>y =efa!rs f\ght & di$4 #f4 ,i believe t z a good ,am]ican citiz5 ,i mu/ ma9ta9 cont9u\sly a civic consci\sness & consci5ce2 t my c\ntry ne$s my active s]vice 9 times ( peace no less ?an 9 w>2 t patriotism mu/ be a con/itu5t "p ( my religion2 t no pr\d] boa/ c emanate f my lips ?an truly to decl>e1 8,i am an ,am]ican citiz510 & t z an ,am]ican citiz5 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ought to be z actual a "p ( my life & ( my religion z ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,,footnotes3 #ibh ,report ( ! ,=ty-,sev5? ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association 444 #aibd1 p4 #bga4 ,,bibliography ,,bibliography 7,/atutes ,omitt$7 ,,books ,atwood1 ,h>ry ,f41 ,back to ! ,republic4 ,laird & ,lee1 ,inc41 ,*icago1 #aiah4 ,atwood1 ,h>ry ,f41 ,safegu>d+ ,am]ican ,ideals4 ,laird & ,lee1 ,*icago1 #aiba4 ,jeff]son1 ,?omas1 ,! ,writ+s ( ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,paul ,leice/] ,=d1 ed4 #c v4 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,new ,york1 #ahid4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,tw5ty-,second ,annual ,session ( ! ,national ,encampm5t1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahhh4 ,m9neapolis1 #ahhh4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,tw5ty-,six? ,national ,encampm5t1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahib4 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 #ahib4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,tw5ty-,eigh? ,national ,encampm5t1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahid4 ,n4 ,p4 ,j\rnal ,tw5ty-,n9? ,encampm5t1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahie4 ,n4 ,p4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,fir/ ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahig4 ,l9coln1 ,nebraska1 #ahig4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,second ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahih4 ,philadelphia1 #ahih4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,?ird ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #ahii4 ,philadelphia1 #ahii4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,f\r? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijj4 ,philadelphia1 #aijj4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,fif? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aija4 ,/4 ,l\is1 #aija4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,six? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijb4 ,m9neapolis1 #aijc4 ,j\rnal ( ! #cg? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijc4 ,philadelphia1 #aijc4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,eigh? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijd4 ,*icago1 #aijd4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,?irty-,n9? ,national ,encampm5t 7,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic7 444 #aije4 ,bo/on1 #aije4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,=tie? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijf4 ,philadelphia1 #aijf4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,=ty-,fir/ ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aijg4 ,zanesville1 ,ohio1 #aijg4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,=ty-,?ird ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aiji4 ,n4 ,p4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,=ty-,f\r? ,national ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic 444 #aiaj4 ,n4 ,p4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,eighte5? ,annual ,encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,kansas1 #ahii4 ,topeka1 ,kansas1 #ahii4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,conv5tion = ,organization & ,adoption ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahhi4 ,new ,orleans1 #ahia4 ,m9utes ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans1 ,vol4 ,i 7#ahhi-ahig74 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,f\r? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahid4 ,n4 ,p4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans ,hi/orical ,committee 444 #ahid4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,fif? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahie4 ,n4 ,p4 ,m9utes ( ! ,six? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahif4 ,new ,orleans1 #ahig4 ,m9utes ( ! ,sev5? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahig4 ,new ,orleans1 #ahih4 ,m9utes ( ! ,eigh? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahih4 ,new ,orleans1 #ahii4 ,m9utes ( ! ,n9? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #ahii4 ,new ,orleans1 #aijj4 ,m9utes ( ! ,elev5? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aija4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,twelf? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijb4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,?irte5? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijc4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,f\rte5? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijd4 ,n4 ,p4 ,m9utes ( ! ,eighte5? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aijh4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,n9ete5? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aiji4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,tw5tie? ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aiaj4 ,new ,orleans4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans ,hi/orical ,committee 444 ,tw5ty-,fir/ ,annual ,reunion 444 #aiaa4 ,new ,orleans4 ,m9utes ( ! ,?irty-,second ,annual ,meet+ & ,reunion ( ! ,unit$ ,conf$]ate ,vet]ans 444 #aiba4 ,new ,orleans1 #aiba4 ,mac,donald1 ,william1 ,docum5t>y ,s\rce ,book ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 #afjf-aiac4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 ,mann1 ,horace1 ,annual ,reports on ,education4 ,horace ,b4 ,full]1 ,bo/on1 #ahfh4 ,nelles1 ,walt]1 ed41 ,espionage ,act ,cases ) ,c]ta9 ,o!rs on ,relat$ ,po9ts4 ,national ,civil ,lib]ties ,bureau1 ,new ,york1 #aiah4 ,revolution>y ,radicalism ,its ,hi/ory1 ,purpose & ,tactics ) ,an ,exposition & ,discussion ( ! ,/eps ,be+ ,tak5 & ,requir$ ,to ,curb ,x1 ,be+ ! ,report ( ! ,jo9t ,legislative ,committee ,inve/igat+ ,s$iti\s ,activities4 ,fil$ ,april #bd1 #aibj1 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 #d v4 ,j4 ,b4 ,lyon ,company1 ,albany1 #aibj4 ,report ( ! ,=ty-,fif? ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association ,held at ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia1 ,augu/ #i1 #aj & #aa1 #aibb4 ,! ,"l ,baltimore ,press1 ,baltimore1 #aibb4 ,report ( ! ,=ty-,six? ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association ,held at ,m9neapolis1 ,m9nesota1 ,augu/ #bi1 #cj & #ca1 #aibc4 ,! ,"l ,baltimore ,press1 ,baltimore1 #aibc4 ,report ( ! ,=ty-,sev5? ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,b> ,association ,held at ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,july #h1 #i & #aj1 #aibd4 ,! ,"l ,baltimore ,press1 ,baltimore1 #aibd4 ,russell1 ,william ,h[>d1 ,my ,di>y ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,t4 ,o4 ,h4 ,p4 ,burnham1 ,bo/on1 #ahfc4 ,tra*t5b]g1 ,alex&]1 ed41 ,! ,am]ican ,labor ,ye> ,book #aiai-aibj4 ,! ,r& ,s*ool ( ,social ,sci5ce1 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,wi/]1 ,ow51 ,a ,/raight ,deal or ! ,anci5t ,grudge4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,,textbooks ,a ,syllabus ( ! ,_w ,w> = ,use 9 ! ,high ,s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,adopt$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]9t5d5ts4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 ,! ,city ( ,new ,york1 #aiah4 ,a%ley1 ,roscoe ,lewis1 ,mod]n ,european ,civilization4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,b>nes1 ,ev]ett1 ,am]ican ,hi/ory = ,gramm> ,grades4 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,b]ry1 ,m>g>et ,k41 & ,h[e1 ,samuel ,b41 ,actual ,democracy4 ,pr5tice-,hall1 ,inc41 ,new ,york1 #aibc4 ,bullock1 ,*>les ,j41 ,elem5ts ( ,economics4 ,silv]1 ,burdett & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aiac4 ,bur*1 ,h5ry ,re$1 ,am]ican ,economic ,life4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiba4 ,*amb]s1 ,h5ry ,edw>d1 ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york1 #ahih4 ,davidson1 ,william ,m41 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,scott1 ,=esman & ,company1 ,*icago1 #aijc4 ,e/ill1 ,h>ry ,f41 ,! ,beg9n]'s ,hi/ory ( ,our ,c\ntry4 ,s\!rn ,publi%+ ,company1 ,dallas1 ,texas1 #aiai4 ,evans1 ,lawton ,b41 ,! ,ess5tial ,facts ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,sanborn & ,company1 ,*icago1 #aibj4 ,! ,franciscan ,si/]s ( ! ,p]petual ,adoration1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ca?olic ,s*ools4 ,scott1 ,=esman & ,company1 ,*icago1 #aiad4 ,goodri*1 ,samuel ,griswold1 ,! ,fir/ ,book ( ,hi/ory = ,*ildr5 & ,y\?4 ,j5ks1 ,palm] & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #ahdh4 ,greg1 ,p]cy1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,f\ndation ( ,virg9ia to ! ,recon/ruction ( ! ,union4 #b v4 ,we/1 ,johnson & ,company1 ,ri*mond1 #ahib4 ,guitteau1 ,william ,b41 ,our ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,silv]1 ,burdett & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aiai1 #aibc4 ,h>t1 ,alb]t ,bu%nell1 ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,hass>d1 ,john ,r4 ,g41 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,ca?olic ,publication ,society ( ,am]ica1 ,new ,york1 #ahgh4 ,hayes1 ,c>lton ,j4 ,h41 & ,moon1 ,?omas ,p>k]1 ,mod]n ,hi/ory4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibc4 ,haz51 ,*>les ,d[n]1 ,mod]n ,europe4 ,h5ry ,holt & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibc4 ,horne1 ,*>les ,f41 ,! ,/ory ( ,our ,am]ican ,p4 #b v4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory ,publi%+ ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibe4 ,horton1 ,ru%more ,g41 ,a ,y\?'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,great ,civil ,w> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,van ,evrie1 ,horton & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #ahff4 ,hughes1 ,r4 ,o41 ,text-,book 9 ,citiz5%ip4 ,allyn & ,bacon1 ,bo/on1 #aibc4 ,james1 ,james ,alton1 & ,san=d1 ,alb]t ,h>t1 ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new ,york1 #aiae4 ,lee1 ,susan ,p5dleton1 ,new ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b4 ,f4 ,johnson ,publi%+ ,company1 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 #ahii4 ,long1 ,william ,j41 ,am]ica4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aibc4 ,mc,carthy1 ,*>les ,h41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ,mc,laughlin1 ,&rew ,c41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,nation4 ,d4 ,appleton & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ,mc,laughlin1 ,&rew ,c41 & ,van ,tyne1 ,claude ,hal/ead1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools4 ,d4 ,appleton & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,montgom]y1 ,david1 ,! ,beg9n]'s ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #ahii4 ,muzzey1 ,david ,saville1 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aibj4 ,o',h>a1 ,john ,p41 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ,rob9son1 ,james ,h>vey1 ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,times4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aiah4 ,rob9son1 ,james ,h>vey1 & ,be>d1 ,*>les ,a41 ,hi/ory ( ,europe ,our ,own ,times4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aiba4 ,rob9son1 ,james ,h>vey1 & ,be>d1 ,*>les ,a41 ,outl9es ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aiaf4 ,/eph5son1 ,na?aniel ,wright1 ,an ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,bo/on1 #aiac4 ,s\?wor?1 ,a4 ,t41 ,! ,common ,s5se ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,allyn & ,bacon1 ,bo/on1 #aibd4 ,?ompson1 ,waddy1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ,v5able1 ,w4 ,h41 ,a ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,von ,antw]p1 ,bragg & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #ahgb4 ,web/]1 ,hutton1 ,mod]n ,european ,hi/ory4 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? & ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,we/1 ,willis ,mason1 ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,gov]nm5t4 ,allyn & ,bacon1 ,bo/on1 #aiac4 ,we/1 ,willis ,mason1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,p4 ,allyn & ,bacon1 ,bo/on1 #aiah4 ,we/1 ,willis ,mason1 ,anci5t ,_w4 ,allyn & ,bacon1 ,bo/on1 #aiac4 ,:elpley1 ,samuel1 ,a ,comp5d ( ,hi/ory f ! ,e>lie/ ,times1 compreh5d+ a g5]al view ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! _w ) respect to civilization1 religion & gov]nm5t4 ,am]ican ,/ation]s' ,company1 ,bo/on1 #ahcg4 ,,magaz9es ,adams1 ,james ,trusl[1 8,hi/ory & ! ,l[] ,criticism10 ,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ,vol4 ,,cxxxii 7,septemb]1 #aibc71 pp4 #cjh-cag4 ,adams1 ,w4 ,i4 ,l9coln1 8,"r & ,wrong ,ways ( ,tea*+ ,hi/ory10 ,curr5t ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,xvi 7,july1 #aibb71 pp4 #eej-eea4 ,b>nes1 ,h>ry ,elm]1 8,sev5 ,books ( ,hi/ory ,aga9/ ! ,g]mans10 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xxxviii 7,m>* #ai1 #aibd71 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #aj-ae4 ,b>nes1 ,h>ry ,elm]1 8,! ,drool ,me?od 9 ,hi/ory10 ,! ,am]ican ,m]cury1 ,vol4 ,i 7,janu>y1 #aibd71 pp4 #ca-ch4 ,*afee1 ,ze*>iah1 8,fre$om ( ,spee*10 ,! ,new ,republic1 ,vol4 ,,xvii 7,novemb] #af1 #aiah71 pp4 #ff-fi4 ,de ,b['s ,review ( ! ,s\? 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