,cutt+ & ,drap+ ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,,= ,,uphol/]]s & ,,decorators ,,ov] ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty ,,diagrams ,,& ,,illu/rations ,by ,,john ,w4 ,,/eph5son ,,clif=d ,,lawton #ai ,,union ,,squ>e1 ,,new ,,york ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,fr5* ,fe/oon ,drap]y1 #c ,irregul> ,fe/oon ,drap]y1 #g ,flat ,valances or ,lambrequ9s1 #aa ,pleat$ ,valances or ,lambrequ9s1 #ae ,piano & ,mantel ,drap]ies1 #ai ,sc>f ,drap]ies1 #bc ,fe/ival ,decorations1 #bf1 #ca ,lace ,curta9s1 #ce ,w9d[ ,%ades & ,bl9ds1 #ci1 #dc ,ar*ways & ,alcoves1 #dg1 #ea ,porti]es & ,appliques1 #ec ,b$ ,drap]ies1 #eg ,trav]se1 ,drop & ,!atre ,curta9s1 #fe ,int]ior ,gr\p+1 ,cosey ,corn]s1 ,wall ,hang+s1 #fi ,awn+s & ,v]&a ,curta9s1 #gc ,! ,application ( ,grille ,"w1 #gg ,workroom ,auxili>ies1 #ha ,copyright1 #aije1 by ,clif=d ,lawton4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig ,i ,fig ,,ii ,fig ,,iii ,fig ,,iv ,fig ,,iv ,b ,,fr5* ,,fe/oon ,,drap]y 7,,see ,,text ,,on ,,opposite ,,page7 ,illu/ration ,,fr5* ,,fe/oon ,,drap]y ,! art ( drap+ is ne>ly z old z is ! manufacture ( fabrics4 ,& arti/s & craftsm5 ( all ages h tax$ _! +5uity to produce ideas unique1 orig9al1 out ( ! ord9>y--) v>i$ success4 ,( ! myriad ( designs & treatm5ts ?us produc$ "s ( ! m pleas+ h /ood ! te/ ( "t4 ,"o ( ! survivors is t g5]ally kn[n z 8,fr5* fe/oon drap]y10 :i*1 by reason ( its volum9\s pleats & scallops1 pres5ts a %[y appe>ance 9 almo/ any class ( fabrics4 ,to measure1 plan & cut ?is /yle ( drap]y is "o ( ! fir/ problems t confronts ! w\ld-be decorator & drap]y arti/1 & to make pla9 ! me?od successfully us$ by ! writ] is ! purpose ( ?is article4 ,( c\rse to ! practical decorator su* close discussion ( details is irksome2 b x is = ! novice t ,i write4 7,see diagrams on opposite page47 ,figure ,i is an example ( /raight fe/oon drap]y1 ! "r side 9 skeleton to m cle>ly %[ ! figures4 ,to measure a door or w9d[ = ?is /yle x is necess>y to h ! extreme wid? ( ! space to be drap$ 7#e-j71 ! di/ance f ! top ( wood trim to floor 7#h-j7 & ! di/ance f ! top ( trim to ceil+ 7#b-j74 ,?is is to det]m9e ! g5]al proportion ( ! v>i\s p>ts 9 plann+ ! complete treatm5t4 ,always measure ) rule1 gett+ ! wid? measurem5t at ! floor l9e & ! height measurem5ts f a ladd]1 & put !m d[n z soon z tak54 ,don't tru/ any?+ to memory6 ,a ?ree-foot fold+ pocket rule is a spl5did all-r\nd measure1 z x comes 9 n9e-in* sections 7qu>t] y>ds7 & ! l5g? gives x a decid$ advantage ov] ! old-fa%ion$ two-foot rule4 ,:5 ^! measurem5ts h be5 secur$ take a piece ( pap] suffici5tly l>ge to lay out ! dim5sions ( ! space to a scale ( say "o in* to ! foot1 & on x sket* ! /yle ( ! drap]y y wi% to produce4 ,be> 9 m9d t ! purpose ( drap]ies is to relieve ! au/]ity ( ! /raight wood l9es1 & to dress or furni% an o!rwise b>e space1 n to make an o/5tati\s display ( fabrics4 ,moreov]1 ! display mu/ be practical z well z decorative4 ,if a w9d[ is l[ & a drap]y c>ri$ out 9 proportion w\ld be s l[ z to exclude ! light or int]f]e ) ! vision1 ! usual rule mu/ be dep>t$ f & ! drap]y rais$ to a great] height4 ,! prop] elevation our ?ird measurem5t w enable u to easily det]m9e4 ,aga91 if we are plann+ a door1 we mu/ all[ suffici5t di/ance f ! floor to ! l[e/ po9t ( ! fe/oons = an ord9>y p]son to pass or /& b5ea? )\t /oop+4 ,9 practice x is seldom well to leave less ?an six feet six2 b ( c\rse diff]5t designs call = diff]5t execution4 ,9 plann+ = /yles simil> to ,figure ,i ! g5]al rule is to all[ ! l[e/ po9t ( ! tails to drop "o half ! di/ance to ! floor & ! l[e/ fe/oon "o half ! l5g? ( ! tail4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! /yle & size ( ! drap]y on ! plan1 correct ! g5]al outl9e till x con=ms nicely to y\r idea & ! requirem5ts ( ! space1 & measure x z foll[s3 ,take a flexible rule 7a six-in* celluloid pocket rule makes a spl5did article = ?is purpose1 & c be obta9$ f celluloid novelty manufactur]s7 &1 mak+ x con=m to ! %ape ( ! bottom l9e ( ! fe/oon1 note ! measurem5t ,a to ,b 7,figure ,i71 & record x z also ! l9e ,c to ,d2 measure all ! curv$ outl9es on ! plan 9 l mann] & record ! v>i\s di/ances4 ,n[ measure ! space cov]$ by ! pleat$ ends ( ! fe/oons & ! di/ances betwe51 z "o to two1 two to ?ree1 ?ree to f\r1 ,figure ,i1 & ! di/ance f ,x1 ! l[e/ po9t ( ! l9e ,c----,d to ,x1 ! l[e/ po9t ( ! l9e ,a----,b1 record ! di/ance 9 feet & in*es 7two & "o-half in*es on ! plan repres5t+ two feet six in*es71 = conv5i5ce 9 cutt+ lat] on2 = ! tails measure only ! /raight l9es repres5t$ by ! po9ts ,e to ,f1 ,g to ,h1 ,e to ,g & ,i to ,h4 ,illu/ration ,y are n[ ready to cut ! fe/oons1 & unless !re is a likelihood ( a numb] ( fe/oons be+ ne$$ exactly ! same size1 we c disp5se ) a patt]n & cut direct f ! measurem5t2 b ,i w\ld advise ! novice to />t on inexp5sive mat]ial1 l %ak] or canton flannel1 until he is sure ( 8 gr\nd4 ,lay ! goods on ! table1 face d[n1 ) ! end to--& ev5 )--! side ( ! table1 9 front ( y4 ,! patt]n1 if any1 %\ld run f y1 & 9 ! case ( pile goods ! nap %\ld run t[>d y4 ,smoo? ! goods out suffici5tly to transf] ! complete measurem5ts )\t readju/+4 ,take a piece ( s(t :ite crayon1 & m>k (f on ! end ( ! goods ne>e/ y ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9ts ,a----,b on y\r scale plan1 us+ ! end ( ! goods z y\r l9e 7,figure #b74 ,if ! wid? ( ! goods is n suffici5t1 z 9 ?is case1 m>k ! po9ts on ! table1 at equal di/ance f ea* selvage4 7,see ,a----,b1 ,figure #b47 ,n[ at ,x ! c5tre ( ! l9e or end ( goods1 /rike a p]p5dicul> l9e ,x----,x at "r angles to ! edge ( table & end ( goods & z long z twice ! di/ance f ,a----,b to ,c----,d 9 ,figure #a4 ,?is all[s z mu* aga9 = fulness--a safe all[ance = ne>ly all purposes1 b gov]n$ to "s ext5t by ! nature ( ! goods4 ,s(t mat]ials l art silks1 silkol9es & o!r light-weight drap]y /uffs require a little m4 ,at ! top ( ?is p]p5dicul> l9e ,x----,x1 ,figure #b1 draw a horizontal l9e p>allel to ! bottom l9e & ne>ly z long 7or1 if x is ! la/ cut 9 ! goods1 "r across ! goods1 leav+ a /raight end71 & on x1 ) ,x z a c5tre1 m>k ! po9ts ,c----,d equidi/ant4 ,) "o po9t ( a pair ( divid]s at ,a & "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f ,a to ,x z a radius describe a qu>t] circle f ! l9e1 #a----a ,figure #b1 & repeat at ,b1 #b----b ,figure #b4 ,!n ) po9t ( divid]s at ,x & ,a----,b z radii /rike a semi-circle to bisect ! two small] circles at po9ts ,e----,e1 rule f ^! two po9ts to ,x on ! bottom l9e & also to po9ts ,c & ,d on ! top l9e4 ,?is gives u ! g5]al %ape ( ! fe/oon1 b ! l9es mu/ be r\nd$ a little at ! bottom & sides & all[ance left = /raight5+ ! pleat$ ends4 7,see dott$ l9es1 ,figure #b47 ,& if1 z is ! case 9 ,figure #b1 ! wid? ( ! goods is less ?an ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9ts ,e----,e1 ! corn]s mu/ be piec$ out ( ! pieces ,f----,f4 ,9 cutt+ ! sides1 z dott$ l9es ,figure #b1 all[ ab\t ?ree in*es extra at top & bottom & holl[ at c5tre to "o & "o-half in*es f /raight l9es ,e----,d & ,e----,c1 r\nd ! bottom z curv$ dott$ l9e1 ) greate/ swell at ab\t "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f ,x4 ,?is gives u our p]fect fe/oon patt]n1 ) ?ree in*es all[ance at ea* side = trimm+ (f aft] pleat+4 ,illu/ration ,to lay out ! plan = ! tail x is m economical to use a pap] patt]n2 take a l>ge piece ( pap] & lay on ! table ) ! longe/ edge p>allel ) ! edge ( ! table ne>e/ y4 ,f ! end1 z po9t ,f1 :i* %\ld be at ! corn] ( ! table1 m>k ! po9t ,e ! same di/ance z on ! scale draw+ y h1 also ! po9t ,i ab\t half way betwe54 ,) ?is z a basis locate ! po9ts ,g & ,h accord+ to measurem5t & draw ! full siz$ plan ( tail z def9$ by ^! po9ts1 ,figure #c1 solid l9es4 ,locate ! po9t ,j :]e ! l9es ,e----,f & ,g----,h w\ld int]sect if cont9u$ 7! di/ance ,j is f ,e gov]ns ! am\nt ( fl>e 9 ! bottom ( ! tail1 f>!r mean+ less fl>e & clos] mean+ m74 ,) ,j z a c5tre1 make ) cord & *alk circl+ l9es to int]sect ) ea* po9t ( ! rak+ edge1 #a----a1 #b----b1 #c----c1 #d----d1 #e----e1 & #f----f1 also "o at ,h & at ,e1 mak+ ! l9e long] z y g t[>ds ! top ( ! tail4 ,) po9t ( divid]s at ,f & ,i z a radius all[ a c\ple ( in*es extra = fold & /rike to int]sect l9e ,i at #a,x1 measure f #a to #b & us+ #a,x z c5tre locate ! po9t #b,x on l9e #b1 & locate ! o!r int]sect+ po9ts #c,x1 #d,x1 #e,x1 #f,x & ,,hx 9 l mann]1 always all[+ ! two in*es extra = fold+1 rule f ,f to #a,x1 #a,x to #b,x1 to #c,x1 to #d,x1 to #e,x1 to #f,x1 to ,,hx1 z dott$ l9e indicates1 & also f ,,hx to ,j to locate ,,gx on l9e ,e1 & f po9ts #a,x1 #b,x1 #c,x1 #d,x1 #e,x & #f,x to ,j1 to f9d ! po9ts #a;,a1 #b;,a1 #c;,a1 #d;,a1 #e;,a & #f;,a on l9e ,e----,e4 ,^! la/ %\ld be not*$ out 9 patt]n to m>k goods = fold+4 ,cut out along ! rak+ edge ,f----#a,x1 #b,x1 & s on1 f ,h to ,g & ! sweep ,e to ,,gx1 & ! patt]n is complete4 ,z our patt]n /&s1 ,figure #c1 x is a left-h&$ patt]n2 m>k ?is side 7,left7 & turn face d[n on ! table & m>k ! o!r side 7,"r7 & always rememb] to turn ov] ! patt]n 9 cutt+ a pair1 s z to make "r & left tails4 ,to cut out lay ! patt]n on ! face side ( goods ) ! l9e ,,hx----,,gx p>allel ) ! selvage & piece out ! po9t if necess>y4 ,:5 all cut & piec$ out complete1 spread ! patt]n out ov] x & m>k ! po9ts #a,x1 #b,x1 #c,x1 etc41 & also ! not*es on l9e ,e----,e1 #a;,a1 #b;,a1 #c;,a & s on4 ,) ! edge ,e----,f p>allel ) ! edge ( ! table 9 front ( y cat* po9ts #b,x & #b;,a1 "o 9 ea* h&1 & draw t[>d y till fold is made at #a,x----#a;,a4 ,take #d;,a & #d,x 9 l mann] & repeat till all are fold$4 ,a glance at ,figure #c ,b w expla9 ! me?od4 ,trim ! top squ>e1 & ! tail is complete4 ,to pleat up ! fe/oon requires a little m c>e1 b facility is easily acquir$ ) a little practice4 ,m>k (f on a horizontal bo>d 7see ,figure #d7 ! dim5sions ( ! complet$ fe/oon1 z indicat$ on ! scale draw+1 ,figure #a1 po9ts "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & put a l>ge tack 9 ea* ( ^! po9ts z a guide1 also ab\t six in*es above ea* po9t place ano!r1 :i* c be se5 :5 ! o!rs are cov]$ up ) ! goods4 ,tempor>ily atta* corn] ,d ( ! fe/oon to po9t ?ree & corn] ,c at po9t two1 all[+ 9 ea* case ab\t ?ree in*es to project above ! l9e4 ,! c5tre ( ! goods betwe5 ^! two po9ts lay back t[>d ! bo>d to =m ! top pleat1 ,figure #d1 & ! l[e/ po9t ( ?is pleat %\ld correspond ) ! top l9e ,c----,d on ! scale draw+1 ,figure #a4 ,if x is l[] or high] ?an ! draw+ calls = x %\ld be prop]ly adju/$ until x is correct4 ,9 ?is case1 ,figure #a1 !re is a di/ance ( ?ree in*es f bottom ( pole to ,x on l9e ,c----,d4 ,9 adju/+ be c>eful to keep ! goods p]fectly c5tr$1 or y w n get nice pleats4 ,n[ divide ! rema9+ space f ?ree to f\r & two to "o into z _m spaces z y int5d to make pleats4 ,9 ?is case 7! g5]al rule7 !re are six4 ,s y ne$ six spaces1 ! la/ pleat 7:i* is be+ put up1 ,figure #d7 cov]+ two spaces4 ,hav+ divid$ ! di/ance1 n[ ) ! left h& p9* up ! goods ab\t "o-fif? ( ! di/ance f fold already made & ) ! "r h& grasp ! bias$ edge ,d----,b1 ,figure #d1 & =m a pleat t[>d ! po9t ,d1 adju/ till ! fold foll[s naturally ar\nd f "o h& to ! o!r )\t draw+1 & tempor>ily tack x 9 place on ! l9e 9 its space4 ,take ! left bias edge1 ,a----,c1 & make ?is fold foll[ ar\nd to ! po9t :]e x %\ld atta* 9 ! fir/ space to ! left on ! l9e "o----two4 ,^! folds %\ld foll[ ar\nd f "o end to ! o!r )\t pull+ or buckl+1 & w ne$ to be help$ at fir/ by ! dis5gag$ h& until ! fold is complete4 ,pleat up all ! rema9+ goods 9 ?is mann] & tack ea* fold to ! l9e1 be+ sure t ea* fold goes ar\nd cle>ly )\t 9 any wise int]f]+ ) ! hang ( ! previ\s "o & us+ ! same quantity ( goods ea* "t4 ,?is w n come easily at fir/1 b foll[ ! me?od illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #d1 & practice w d ! re/4 ,! la/ fold cov]s two spaces & completes ! fe/oon4 ,if y h too mu* fullness = ! la/ fold g ov] ! re/ & take up a little m = pleat+ !m4 ,if ! di/ance f ! c5tre ( top l9e to ! c5tre ( bottom l9e does n correspond ) ! di/ance on ! plan1 y w h to raise or l[] ! pleat+ until x is ! same4 ,leave ! po9ts ,c----,d atta*$ & adju/ ea* pleat sep>ately till ! desir$ result is obta9$4 ,n[1 if ! ends are to be jo9$ ov] a pole1 z 9 ,figure #a1 all[ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! diamet] ( ! pole above ! l9e & trim squ>e4 7,see dott$ l9e1 ,figure #d47 ,p9 or ba/e pleats 9 place & take d[n & b9d ) a bias piece ( ! same goods ab\t "o & "o-half in*es wide1 turn+ 9 ! raw edges4 ,b9d tail 9 same way & sew toge!r ) baseball /it* t is illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #d ,b4 ,?is /it* all[s ! greate/ flexibility1 & ! tail c be on top or be turn$ back & ! fe/oon on top )\t re-sew+1 z x acts z a p]fect h+e4 ,to e/imate = ?is /yle a safe all[ance r\ghly is "o y>d ( goods to a foot ( ! wid? ( space1 & ?ree y>ds m fr+e ?an goods2 ?us1 ?is drap]y on t basis w\ld take five y>ds ( goods & eight ( fr+e2 b = a close e/imate make y\r scale draw+ fir/ & measure f t1 ?us1 add toge!r ! dep?s ( ! v>i\s fe/oons ) z mu* aga9 = fullness & add to ?is ! l5g? ( ! tails on _! longe/ side4 ,?is drap]y measur$ 9 ?is mann] w\ld require two & "o-?ird y>ds = ! fe/oons & ?ree & five-six?s y>ds = ! tails1 or five & "o-six? y>ds1 six in*es m ?an ! o!r way4 ,?is la/ me?od1 ( c\rse1 is absolutely safe1 :ile ! o!r w v>y accord+ to ! dep? ( ! fe/oons4 ,! practical man w1 ) ! r\gh-e/imate sy/em1 usually be correct1 b ! novice _h bett] measure 8 plan be=e giv+ a positive quantity4 ,ano!r ?+1 too1 w be notic$ betwe5 ! two sy/ems1 = spaces "u five feet wide ! y>d to ! foot w be scant1 :ile = spaces ov] five feet1 unless y try to make too _m fe/oons1 ! calculation on ?is basis w inv>iably be ov] ! m>k4 ,:5 us+ a /rip$ goods t w\ld admit ( any numb] ( seams1 a sev5te5-foot bay w9d[ has be5 effectively dress$ ) twelve y>ds ( goods1 includ+ 9 ! treatm5t two d\ble tails1 & pres5t$ su* an elaborate appe>ance t a disgruntl$ repres5tative ( a rival h\se (f]$ to alt] x & save en\gh f x to drape an eight-foot w9d[ at ! back ( a room4 ,?is is m5tion$ only to %[ to :at ext5t economy c be practic$ )\t skimp+ ! appe>ance4 ,! eight-foot w9d[ 9 "q1 ) all possible economy1 requir$ six & ?ree-qu>t]s y>ds :5 ! ord] 0 complet$4 ,x is a good plan = ! beg9n] to take ! rules "h set =? & sket* out a numb] ( drap]ies ) fe/oons ( v>i\s dep?s & measure4 ,cut & make up 9 "s inexp5sive mat]ial1 su* z cotton or *eap flannel1 until y get ! me?od ?or\ghly memoriz$4 ,a little practice w make ! v]ie/ novice ma/] ( ?is me?od1 :i* has be5 evolv$ f practical exp]i5ce1 & is ?us indep5d5t ( ! v>i\s sket*es & patt]ns (f]$ = sale4 ,if any mat]ial advantage w\ld be ga9$1 sev]al o!r me?ods t are us$ c\ld be giv51 b ! =ego+ w be f\nd ?or\ghly practical & economical1 a great item 9 pres5t workroom problems4 ,illu/ration ,to e/imate ! fr+e add toge!r ! measures ( ! bottom l9e ( ea* fe/oon & ! l5g? ( ea* tail & add t5 p] c5t4 = tak+ up 9 sew+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #e ,fig #e4 ,b4 ,fig #f ,fig #g ,fig #h ,fig #i ,b ,fig #i ,,irregul> ,,fe/oon ,,drap]y 7,,see ,,text ,,on ,,opposite ,,page47 ,illu/ration ,,irregul> ,,fe/oon ,,drap]y ,if ! top ( ! op5+ or space to be drap$ is n a /raight l9e1 b is curv$1 ar*+ or angul>1 necessitat+ t ! ends ( ! fe/oons be fa/5$ at diff]5t heights to foll[ ! %ape ( ! space1 irregul> fe/oons mu/ be us$4 ,or1 :5 ! space to be drap$ exce$s five feet 9 wid? irregul> fe/oons w pres5t a bett] appe>ance1 & add "* to ! decoration4 ,by irregul> fe/oons we mean ^? 9 :i* ! two halves ( a fe/oon diff] 9 size & %ape1 z :5 ! l[e/ po9t ( ! bottom l9e falls to "o side ( ! c5tre2 :5 "o pleat$ end cov]s a wid] space ?an ! o!r2 or :5 ! ends are fa/5$ at diff]5t levels4 ,figure #e 7see diagrams on opposite page7 is an example ( irregul> fe/oon drap]y1 cov]+ a /raight space six feet wide1 ) ! middle fe/oon elevat$ to give ! :ole an irregul> appe>ance4 ,hav+ secur$ ! measurem5ts f floor to top ( trim1 f top ( trim to ceil+1 & ! extreme wid?1 make a scale draw+ ( ! space 9 ! proportion ( "o in* to ! foot1 & on x sket* ! drap]y1 z expla9$ = /raight fe/oons 9 la/ *apt]4 ,unless ! wood is unsightly x is n necess>y to cov] x altoge!r1 z ?is /yle is ( a light]1 m airy "* ?an ! la/ "o1 & ! appe>ance is sometimes improv$ by %[+ en\gh ( ! trim to def9e ! op5+4 ,if ! color ( ! wood int]f]es ) ! h>mony ( ! wall & fabric1 !n1 ( c\rse1 x mu/ be hidd5 z f> z possible2 b dispose ! fe/oons to accompli% ?is )\t mak+ ! purpose app>5t4 ,correct ! sket* ( ! drap]y to con=m ) ! necessities ( light or passage1 z expla9$ be=e1 obs]v+ ! proportion ! tail ab\t "o-half ! height ( ! space1 & ! deepe/ fe/oon "o-half ! dep? ( ! tail1 & x is ready to measure4 ,9 ,figure #e1 on ! opposite page1 we h ?ree diff]5t sizes & %apes ( fe/oons1 s t all mu/ be measur$ & cut sep>ately4 ,f ! l[e/ po9t ,x on ! l9e ,a----,b draw a p]p5dicul> l9e at "r angles to ! floor l9e to connect ) ,x on ! l9e ,c----,d1 top ( fe/oon4 7,fe/oon ,a1 ,figure #e47 ,measure ! di/ance f ,a to ,x & ,x to ,b on bottom l9e1 foll[+ ! curve1 also f ,c to ,x & ,x to ,d on top l9e1 & f ,x to ,x2 record ! di/ances on ! plan 9 feet & in*es1 also ! spaces cov]$ by ! pleat$ ends #a to #b & #c to #d1 & ! di/ance betwe5 #b & #c horizontally 7see dott$ l9e71 & ! elevation f l9e #a----b to l9e #c----d4 7,see dott$ p]p5dicul> l9e f top ( trim47 ,record all ^! di/ances & measure fe/oon ,b 9 l mann]4 ,fe/oon ,c is jo9$ to tail on "r side to =m a pipe1 b is measur$ 9 ! same way1 treat+ ! bottom l9e z if x 7 cont9u$ ar\nd to ! rosette 7dott$ l9e ?r\gh pipe1 ,figure #e71 m>k po9t ,x & measure ! same z fe/oon ,a1 measure ! l5g? ( pipe f rosette to bottom & record ! di/ances4 ,to measure ! d\ble tails draw a l9e ?r\gh c5tre 7dott$ l9e1 left tail1 ,figure #e7 & measure ! pleat$ half 9 ! same mann] z ! s+le tail 9 la/ *apt]4 ,lay out & cut patt]n z = a s+le tail1 & repeat f ! back edge 7dott$ l9e7 to give ! d\ble tail4 ,if necess>y to piece ! tail 9 plann+ ! goods1 make ! seams :]e ! folds w conceal !m :5 pleat$ up4 ,illu/ration ,if y f9d any difficulty 9 sket*+ ! full size pleat$ tail f :i* to lay out ! patt]n = cutt+1 z expla9$ 9 la/ *apt]1 ,figure #c1 ! foll[+ me?od1 :ile n ne$$ by _m1 w give y correctness & c]ta9ty3 ,! pleat$ top %\ld equal "o-six? ! di/ance f top ( tail to bottom po9t1 & ! wide/ "p1 :i* occurs half way d[n1 %\ld be "o & "o-?ird times ! wid? ( ! top4 ,?us a tail #f--j long w\ld be #c--j on ! front edge & pleat into #a--j at ! top1 spread+ to #af in*es at ! wide/ "p4 ,lay out y\r pap] ) ! longe/ edge ev5 ) ! side ( ! table 9 front ( y1 & f ! "r h& end po9t ,f1 ,figure #e;,b1 m>k po9t ,e ! l5g? ( ! tail & ,i half way betwe54 ,draw a p]p5dicul> l9e at ,e & on x m>k ,g ! proportionate di/ance1 & on ano!r p]p5dicul> l9e at ,i locate ,h1 ,figure #e;,b4 ,halve ! l9e ,i----,h & f its c5tre #a,x rule to ,f2 divide ! l9e #a,x----,f into sev5 equal spaces1 & m>k e alt]nate po9t1 comm5c+ ) ! fir/ "o1 #b,x1 #d,x & #f,x1 & ! po9ts betwe5 #c1 #e & #g4 ,at "r angles f ! l9e at po9t #c m>k ,j1 ! di/ance f #c to #b,x1 or "o space1 & repeat at #e & #g1 locat+ po9ts ,k & ,l4 ,rule f po9ts ,j1 ,k & ,l to #b,x1 #d,x & #f,x 7dott$ l9es1 ,figure #e;,b71 & f #b,x1 #d,x & #f,x draw /raight l9es to ! top p>allel ) ! l9e ,e----,f4 ,rule also f ,j1 ,k & ,l to ! dott$ rak+ l9es & f ,g to ,h1 & y h a complete outl9e ( ! pleat$ tail f :i* to plan y\r patt]n1 z expla9$ 9 la/ *apt]4 ,! "r tail jo9$ to fe/oon ,c is cut 9 exactly ! same mann] z if x 7 n jo9$1 b 0 complete 9 itself4 ,lay ! patt]n on ! goods ) ! side to be jo9$ to ! fe/oon ev5 ) ! selvage4 7,see ,figure #g4 ,dott$ l9es :i* %[ fe/oon ,c cut out & ! "r h& tail m>k$ out = cutt+ ly+ toge!r = mat*+ at ! selvages47 ,to cut irregul> fe/oons x is well at fir/ to make a pap] patt]n2 spread out a pap] suffici5tly l>ge to conta9 ! full measurem5ts1 ) ! longe/ side ev5 ) ! table 9 front ( y 7,figure #f71 us+ ! edge ( ! pap] z ! l9e ,a----,b1 f :i* to project ! %ape ( ! fe/oon accord+ to ! measurem5ts4 ,f ! "r-h& end po9t ,b m>k ,x ! di/ance record$ on ,fe/oon ,a1 ,figure #e1 on y\r plan1 & f ,x m>k po9t ,a4 ,erect a p]p5dicul> l9e at ,x z long z twice ! di/ance f ,x to ,x1 ,figure #e1 & at "r angles to ! bottom l9e4 ,draw a horizontal l9e p>allel ) ! bottom l9e or edge ( pap]1 pass+ ?r\gh ,x1 ! top ( y\r p]p5dicul> l9e1 & on x m>k ! po9ts ,c & ,d ! same di/ances z !y appe> on y\r plan4 ,f ,x on ! bottom l9e1 ) ,b z a radius1 /rike a qu>t] circle f ! l9e1 & repeat on ! o!r side ) ,x z c5tre & ,a z a radius4 ,) ,a z a c5tre1 & "o-?ird ! di/ance f ,a to ,x z radius1 /rike an arc to int]sect ) qu>t] circle ,a at po9t ,a#a2 & f po9t ,b1 ) "o-?ird ! di/ance f ,b to ,x z radius1 locate po9t ,b#a 9 ! same way4 ,rule f ,b#a to ,x & f ,a#a to ,x on ! bottom l9e1 & f ,c to ,a#a & ,d to ,b#a1 :i* gives u ! g5]al outl9e4 ,! bottom l9es mu/ be r\nd$ z dott$ l9es indicate1 ) greate/ swell "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f po9t ,x on ea* side2 & ! rak+ l9es at ! side mu/ h ! all[ance add$ = trimm+ (f ?ree in*es at top & bottom1 holl[$ to "o & a half in*es at c5tre1 dott$ l9es1 ,figure #f4 ,cut out along curv$ l9es on sides & bottom1 & /raight l9e at top1 & ! patt]n is complete4 ,spread out ! goods on ! table face up1 ! patt]n1 if any1 runn+ f y1 & ! nap1 if pile goods1 runn+ t[>d y1 ) ! end ( ! goods1 :i* mu/ be squ>e1 ev5 ) ! side ( ! table1 9 front ( y4 ,lay ! patt]n on x ) ! p]p5dicul> l9e ,x----,x positively at "r angles to ! /raight end ( ! goods & p>allel ) ! selvage4 ,if ! wid? ( ! goods is n suffici5t to cut ! fe/oon )\t piec+1 lay ! patt]n s z to leave an equal projection beyond ! selvage at ea* side4 ,if ! am\nt to be piec$ out does n exce$ six in*es1 make ! jo9 at "o side only1 & piece out ) ! pieces left f ! rak+ sides1 ,f----,f1 ,figure #f4 ,pleat fe/oons ,a & ,b 9 ! same mann] z /raight fe/oons 9 la/ *apt]1 ! l9es on ! bo>d correspond+ ) ! l9es on ! plan1 ! elevation at #c----d exactly z ! plan calls =1 & adju/ ! goods until x con=ms to ! size & %ape on ! plan4 ,:5 "o end ( a fe/oon is atta*$ at a high] level ?an ! o!r1 atta* ! elevat$ end ( ! pleat fir/1 & !n ! l[] end1 = great] ease 9 =m+ ! pleats nice & r\nd4 ,irregul> fe/oons are n int]*angeable any m ?an clo!s1 & w only fit ! size & %ape = :i* !y are made2 = ?is reason be c>eful 9 lay+ out ! measurem5ts on ! bo>d1 z once pleat$ !y w hang t way only1 & a *ange 9 elevation or di/ance1 unless v slight1 w de/roy ! neatness ( ! pleats4 ,if1 9 a drap]y design1 a fe/oon ) ! heavy fall po9t ,x to ! left ( ! c5tre is repeat$ 9 ano!r place ) ! heavy fall to ! "r ( ! c5tre1 & ! sizes are exact1 ! patt]n cut = "o w d = ! o!r by turn+ ! o!r side ( ! pap] up2 b be c>eful to m>k ea* side & ! fe/oons to correspond1 s z n to duplicate4 ,x is a good plan to numb] or lett] ea* fe/oon & tail on ! plan1 & ! patt]ns to correspond2 !n1 if ! goods is cut ) ! face side up1 ! complet$ drap]y mu/ be ! same z ! plan4 ,if = any reason x is advisable to cut ! goods ) ! face side d[n1 y mu/ be c>eful to turn y\r patt]ns all face d[n1 or y\r drap]y w be transpos$1 ) ! "r tail at ! left side1 & vice v]sa1 & errors ( ?is k9d are1 to say ! lea/1 vexati\s4 ,to lay out fe/oon ,c = cutt+ is a little m difficult1 b c be easily ma/]$ ) c>e4 ,lay out ! pap] = patt]n on ! table1 z expla9$ = fe/oons ,a & ,b1 & draw ! bottom l9e ,a----,b p>allel ) ! edge ( table1 & ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! pipe above x 7,figure #h74 ,erect ! p]p5dicul> l9e ,x----,x1 & f9d all ! po9ts on ! patt]n 9 exactly ! same mann] z = fe/oon ,a2 r\nd out ! l9e f ,a#a to ,x 7dott$ l9e1 ,figure #h7 & ! rak+ l9e ,a#a to ,c4 ,f po9t ,b#a z a c5tre1 ) ! l5g? ( ! pipe z a radius1 /rike a qu>t] circle f ! l9e ,a----,b d[n to a po9t bel[ ,b#a 7l9e #a----;,b#a71 r\nd ! l9e "r side f ,x to a little above ! l9e1 & gracefully sweep to break ! %>p corn] :]e ! circle int]sects1 z dott$ l9e1 ,figure #h1 & rule f ,b#a to ,d1 add+ aft]w>ds ! all[ance = trimm+ (f aft] pleat+4 ,if y h a small fe/oon to cut1 & "o ( ?is k9d1 m>k out ! small "o fir/1 lett+ ! patt]n lie to ! opposite side f ! side on :i* y want ! piece = ! pipe1 & ! all[ance = ! pipe c usually be cut out ( ! corn]1 ,f4 7,see brok5 l9e1 ,figure #h1 :i* outl9es ! top ( a fe/oon b5ea? ! l9e ,a----,b47 ,9 irregul> fe/oons ! l9e ,x----,x mu/ be at "r angles to ! end ( ! goods1 or *alk l9e repres5t+ bottom ( fe/oon :]e no patt]n is us$4 ,cut fe/oon ,c out complete & mat* ! patt]n ( ! goods to ! piece be=e cutt+ out ! tail4 7,see ,figure #g47 ,jo9 ! /raight side #a----;,b#a on fe/oon ,c to ! left side ( tail & press ! seam out s t x lies flat z "o piece4 ,spread out on ! table1 & ) ! pap] patt]n m>k ! top & bottom po9ts ( ! folds 9 ! tail1 & comm5c+ at ! middle 7dott$ l9e ,e----,f1 ,figure #g7 pleat ! outside 9 ! way expla9$ 9 la/ *apt]4 ,pleat ! o!r side t[>d ! c5tre also1 =m+ all b ! la/ fold or pipe1 & p9 or ba/e ! folds 9 place4 ,tack ! top ( tail on ! bo>d1 :i* y h already *alk$ out to ! sizes ( ! pleat$ fe/oon & tail on ! plan1 & pleat up ! fe/oon by ! me?od expla9$ 9 la/ *apt]1 =m+ ! la/ pleat ( ! fe/oon & ! la/ fold ( ! tail into a pipe 7,figure #i71 conceal+ ! seam 9 ! fold "u ! pipe4 ,! rosette is made ( a circul> piece ( goods1 usually jo9$ up f ! wa/e1 z ! pleats w conceal ! seams4 ,if ! complet$ rosette is to be six in*es 9 diamet]1 take a circul> piece ( goods sev5te5 in*es 9 diamet]1 & 9 ! c5tre cut out a ?ree-in* circle2 %irr ! outside edge f ! wrong side1 us+ long /it*es on ! "r side & %ort /it*es on ! wrong side 7,figure #i;,a71 dott$ & unbrok5 l9es 7dott$ l9es on face side ( goods71 use a /rong l95 ?read or tw9e & draw ! %irr+ up close1 wrong side out1 & fa/5 securely4 7,figure #i;,b47 ,turn back ! small circle ov] ?is to br+ ! "r side out1 & %irr x into ! o!r %irr+1 fa/5+ bo? toge!r securely4 ,?is me?od gives v little fulness on ! back ( rosette1 & pl5ty 9 front2 pick out ! pleats to di/ribute ! fulness ev5ly ar\nd ! rosette1 keep+ ! out] edge squ>e & ?ick] ?an ! c5tre4 ,! fulness is gov]n$ by ! size ( ! hole 9 ! c5tre1 & ! di/ance f x to ! out] circle mu/ equal ! desir$ diamet] ( ! f9i%$ rosette1 ) "o in* all[ance = %irr+4 ,sew ! rosette to ! f9i%$ fe/oon tail1 & if x is to be susp5d$ f a loop1 z ,figure #e1 sew a c\ple ( lambrequ9 hooks b5ea? ! rosette to take ! weight4 7,,xx1 ,figure #i47 ,figure #e illu/rates a /raight top op5+1 b ?is /yle is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to spaces :]e ! top is curv+ or angul>1 or 9 ! case ( a l[ door or w9d[1 :]e x is desir$ to give an effect ( great] height )\t elevat+ ! entire drap]y s*eme4 ,sket* out & plan a numb] ( irregul> fe/oon drap]ies to y\r scale1 comply+ ) diff]5t requirem5ts 9 ! way ( curves & angles1 & cut out ( "s s(t & inexp5sive mat]ial1 z advis$ 9 la/ *apt]1 until y h ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! rules & acquir$ ! knack ( =m+ nice r\nd pleats f end to end4 ,be c>eful 9 sket*+ an irregul> drap]y n to get ! fe/oons too ?9 f ,x to ,x1 :i* y w be apt to d4 ,except 9 "s special case :]e a %all[ fe/oon is requir$1 a pleat$ fe/oon t is less ?an eighte5 in*es f ,x to ,x w n look well on ?is size space1 & %\ld be z mu* deep] 9 proportion z ! size ( ! space requires4 ,d\ble tails are us$ 9 ,figure #e to expla9 ! me?od ( cutt+ !m1 & :]e ! quantity ( goods w n p]mit ! use ( d\ble tails1 s+le tails may be us$ ) v good effect4 ,d\ble tails are frequ5tly jo9$ 9 ! c5tre 7dott$ l9e ,e----,f1 ,figure #g71 & except 9 goods ( a /rip$ or pron\nc$ design may be jo9$ ev5 m by calculat+ = ! seams to be 9 ! "u folds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flat ,,valances ,,or ,,lambrequ9s4 7,,see ,,text ,,on ,,opposite ,,page7 ,illu/ration3 ,,six ,,ways ,,to ,,head ,,& ,,hang ,,drap]ies4 ,,flat ,,valances ,,or ,,lambrequ9s ,! flat valance or lambrequ9 0 orig9ally design$ z a body or backgr\nd on :i* 7 embroid]$ ! mo/ elaborate patt]ns4 ,x has pass$ ?r\gh v>i\s =ms & modifications1 & at pres5t is us$ = almo/ e purpose 9 ! way ( drap]y treatm5ts4 ,we illu/rate a few /yles :i* w expla9 its v]satility4 ,figure #aj is "o ( ! simpl] =ms1 surm\nt$ by a m\ld+ cornice1 & is frequ5tly us$ :]e x is desir$ to give ! w9d[s ! appe>ance ( great] height by rais+ ! cornice ! desir$ di/ance above ! top ( ! frame1 ! valance conceal+ ! real height ( ! w9d[4 ,?is /yle is provid$ ) a piece at ea* end t returns to ! frame 7at "r angles to ! face7 & conf9es ! curta9s z well z conceal+ ! pole or rod to :i* ! curta9s are atta*$4 ,x c be made v simple & inexp5sive1 & is suitable = b$rooms1 d9+-rooms or libr>ies :5 ! nature ( ! w9d[ & ! g5]al ar*itecture ( ! room requires simple treatm5t4 ,figure #aa is a comb9ation ( ! flat valance & fe/oon drap]y4 ,its use is n conf9$ to any p>ticul> room1 & x c be made simple & inexp5sive1 or elaborat$ ) appliqus1 z ,figures #ab & #ad1 until x is ri* en\gh = any purpose4 ,its ma9 *>act]i/ics are ! small quantity ( goods requir$ & ! ease ) :i* x c be made4 ,ne>ly all flat valances are made on buckram to give !m ! requir$ /iffness to hang flat & smoo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,make a scale draw+ ( ! space & sket* ! /yle ( ! valance ^u x4 ,!n lay out ! full size on a piece ( pap] & cut out ! patt]n ( ! flat body or backgr\nd4 ,spread out ! buckram & transf] ! outl9e to x1 jo9+ x1 if necess>y1 to get ! size by lapp+ ! edges "o ^u ! o!r & sew+ !m toge!r flat4 ,if ! buckram is suffici5tly l>ge )\t jo9+ y c draw ! design ^u x )\t mak+ a patt]n4 ,d n try to make too _m scallops2 all[ ! outside scallops to be a little wid] ?an ! o!rs1 s t !y w appe> ab\t ! same size :5 ! tails are put ov] !m4 ,! outl9e ( ! end scallops c be made a little m /raight :]e ! tail cov]s x1 z dott$ l9e1 ,figure #aa4 ,! illu/rations %[ ^! two /yles trimm$ ) a galloon or gimp1 :i*1 on a pla9 mat]ial1 is an effective trimm+4 ,figure #aa;,a illu/rates ! me?od ( f9d+ ! radius ( ?ree giv5 po9ts--z ! two ends & ! c5tre ( a scallop4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! wid? ( ! scallop1 draw p]p5dicul> l9es at its extremities1 ,a----,a & ,b----,b1 ,figure #aa;,a1 & on ^! l9es m>k ,x ! di/ance y wi% to raise ! ends ( ! scallop f ! l9e4 ,) po9t ( divid]s at ,c on ! bottom l9e /rike an arc at a little m ?an half ! di/ance to ,x on l9e ,a2 !n ) po9t ( divid]s at ,x on l9e ,a /rike an arc ) ! same radius z be=e to cross ! o!r arc at ! two ends4 ,repeat ?is on ! o!r side ( ! c5tre po9t ,c t[>d l9e ,b1 & by rul+ /raight l9es ?r\gh ! int]sect+ extremities ( ea* arc to :]e !y meet 9 ! c5tre y f9d ! radius f :i* all ?ree po9ts w\ld be t\*$ by a sweep ( ! divid]s4 ,! pipes :i* are atta*$ at ! top ( ea* scallop are cut 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,measure ! l5g? ( space ! pipe is to cov] & draw a l9e on y\r patt]n pap] its equival5t 9 l5g?2 f "o end1 ) half its l5g? z a radius1 draw a qu>t] circle on ea* side ( ! l9e m>k+ po9t ,d :]e x crosses ! l9e4 ,) po9t at ,d & ! end ( ! l9e z a radius sweep to int]sect ! curv$ l9e at ea* side1 :i* w give y po9ts ,c----,c2 rule /raight l9es f po9ts ,c----,c to ,b & to ,a4 ,! bottom l9e foll[+ ! circle is too r\nd = a nice pipe1 & %\ld be modifi$ to midway betwe5 ! curv$ & /raight l9es1 z dott$ l9es1 ,figure #aa;,b4 ,?is patt]n c be us$ to good advantage by utiliz+ half ( x only1 repeat+ f ! l9e ,a----,b = ! buckram patt]n & ! l9+1 z ,figure #aa;,b1 & repeat+ f ! l9e ,a----,c = ! patt]n = ! out] cov]+1 ,figure #aa;,c4 ,aft] be+ cov]$ ) ! l9+1 z ,figure #aa;,b1 x is b5t r\nd & ! two edges jo9$ toge!r ) f9e ?read & baseball /it*1 z ,figure #aa;,d4 ,cut ! cov]+ z ,figure #aa;,c1 all[+ a half in* all ar\nd = hem2 fold toge!r wrong side out & /it* ! edges ,a----,a & ,b----,b toge!r2 press ! seam out flat1 turn "r side out1 & pull ov] ! buckram =m1 turn+ 9 ! edge ar\nd ! bottom & sew+ x d[n4 ,! tails are cut j z = fe/oon drap]ies1 & ! tops are turn$ ov] ! top edge ( ! buckram body & sewn to ! wrong side or back ( x4 ,a valance ( ?is k9d is provid$ ) lambrequ9 hooks on ! wrong side to hook into ! curta9 r+s1 & c be put ^u ! same r+s ) ! lace curta9s or on extra r+s1 z y desire4 ,! hooks %\ld be plac$ to support x at ! po9ts :]e w be ! greate/ weight--"o on ea* side ( ! tail1 "o at ! top ( ea* pipe1 & ab\t e six in*es betwe54 ,! tip ( ! pipe is sewn ov] ! top l ! tails & ! bottom is fa/5$ securely at ! end ( ! scallop4 ,a nice effect is giv5 to ! pipe by susp5d+ a l>ge pair ( tassels f its int]ior1 fall+ ab\t six to twelve in*es f its base1 accord+ to size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,go?ic4 ,figure #ab is a simil> treatm5t1 ) ! l[] ?ird compos$ ( a %irr$ skirt2 ! buckram =m is made fir/ & cov]$1 & ! skirt is sewn to ! "u side be=e ! l9+ is put on4 ,9 addition to ! fr+e at ! bottom ( ! skirt ?is /yle is fur!r embelli%$ ) an edg+ or lace ar\nd ea* scallop & an appliqu ornam5t c5tre+ ea* scallop4 ,! top edge is sometimes f9i%$ z illu/rat$ ) a heavy silk cord ) knots or d\ble loops at ! prom95t po9ts4 ,figure #ac is a comb9ation ( pelmet & ov]drap]y1 us$ :]e ! decoration is desir$ to be v deep )\t ! appe>ance ( excessive weight4 ,! flat back or pelmet is made p]fectly /raight & flat1 trimm$ ) a gimp or galloon1 & appliqud1 ! long end be+ provid$ ) a deep fr+e4 ,! ov]drap]y is cut z p] rule = irregul> fe/oons1 & :ile x has ! appe>ance ( pass+ ov] & d[n beh9d ! pelmet1 x is jo9$ beh9d j out ( sight1 us+ no m goods ?an is necess>y = ! appe>ance on ! face side4 ,?is c be made v effective by us+ a pla9 mat]ial = ! pelmet cov]+ & a /rip$ or figur$ fabric = ! ov]drap]y4 ,x c be us$ = d9+-rooms1 libr>ies & (fices :]e ! w9d[s are high & n v wide4 ,repeat$ f ! left side ) d\ble tail 9 c5tre x is a nice treatm5t = a d\ble or mullion$ w9d[4 ,figure #ad illu/rates ano!r /yle & ! me?od ( apply+ x to a d\ble w9d[4 ,! top is fur!r embelli%$ ) a g>niture ( heavy silk cords & tassels1 :i*1 on v deep valances1 is sometimes replac$ ) a light-weight silk fe/oon drap]y 9 h>moniz+ %ades4 ,a b[ or bay w9d[ is treat$ 9 l mann] by susp5d+ a d\ble tail betwe5 ea* w9d[4 ,to make up flat valances lay ! cut out buckram =m ^u ! goods ) :i* x is to be cov]$ & cut ! goods an in* l>g] all ar\nd4 ,if !re is a patt]n t is conspicu\s1 plan x s t x w c5tre 9 ea* scallop1 jo9+ ! goods if necess>y :]e ! pipes w conceal ! seams4 ,p9 ! goods to ! buckram to prev5t f slipp+ & draw ! edges ov] & ba/e !m to ! back ( ! buckram4 ,?is mu/ be done smoo?ly & )\t puck]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,illu/rat+ ,,f\r ,,positions ,,( ,,! ,,drap]y ,,relative ,,to ,,! ,,woodwork4 ,x w be necess>y to not* ! goods to all[ x to g up into ! po9ts ( ! scallops1 z ,x1 ,figure #ae4 ,aft] ! cov]+ is all ba/$ d[n lay ! face side d[n & spread ! l9+ out ov] x1 all[+ an in* to project all r\nd4 ,turn 9 ! edge & tack x ) %oe tacks or p9s1 !n ! bottom edge & ! two ends1 tak+ c>e to keep ! ?read or gra9 ( ! goods /raight & squ>e to avoid puck]+4 ,:5 all prop]ly ba/$ x is ei!r slip-/it*$ toge!r1 z %[n 9 ,figure #ae;,a1 or ma*9e /it*$1 keep+ ! edge ( ! l9+ ab\t a sixte5? ( an in* back f ! edge4 ,! tails also are l9$2 lay ! cut tail on ! table face d[n & turn ov] on top ab\t half an in* on ! two sides & bottom1 & ) %oe tacks tack x to ! table nice & ev5 all r\nd ! edge2 lay ! l9+ ov] x face side up & tack x ov] ! o!r1 turn+ 9 ! edge ! same di/ance t ! goods is turn$ ov]1 & ) edges ly+ ev51 remov+ ! fir/ r\nd ( tacks z y put 9 ! o!rs1 ba/e ! two toge!r ) ba/+ /it* & slip-/it*1 or ma*9e /it* x toge!r1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! goods4 ,9 mak+ ! pipe cov] ! buckram =m ) ! l9+ be=e =m+ x into ! cone %ape1 br++ all ! edges ov] & sew+ !m to ! wrong side1 s t !y w n be visible 9 ! cone :5 made4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,mod]n ,,v]sion4 ,= ! skirt 9 ,figure #ab all[ ab\t z mu* aga9 = fullness = light-weight goods1 & half z mu* aga9 = m$ium weight4 ,d n make x on heavy goods unless v deep1 & !n "s o!r /yles w\ld be bett]4 ,all appliqus %\ld be put on & sewn be=e ! l9+ is put on4 ,9 e/imat+ = ^! /yles calculate h[ _m wid?s ( goods are requir$ to cov] ! =m f end to end1 & take t _m times ! dep? ( ! valance1 ) two in*es all[ance ea* "t = turn+ 91 & add to t ! l5g? ( ! two tails4 ,?us a valance l ,figure #aa w\ld take = a f\r-foot w9d[ two & five-eigh?s y>ds ( fifty-in* goods1 ! same ( l9+1 & ab\t "o y>d ( ?irty-six-in* buckram4 ,! fr+e y c measure f ! draw+1 b ?ree y>ds m fr+e ?an goods is ne> en\gh = an approximate e/imate4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,pleat$ ,,valances ,,or ,,lambrequ9s ,= places :]e a flat valance seems too /iff & sev]e1 a numb] ( simple1 b da9ty & graceful1 treatm5ts h be5 evolv$4 ,"o ( ^! is ! pla9 box pleat surm\nt$ by a ,fr5* ruffle4 7,see ,figure #af on opposite page47 ,! box pleat is made ) v>i\s degrees ( fullness & 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,! usual me?od is to all[ ea* pleat to be z wide z ! spaces betwe5 !m--z illu/rat$4 ,= a valance pleat$ 9 ?is way all[ ab\t ?ree feet ( mat]ial to "o foot ( f9i%$ pleat+4 ,aft] ! goods are hemm$ ! prop] wid? = ! valance1 !y are pleat$ on ! table1 ! pleats are tack$ top & bottom to keep !m 9 place tempor>ily1 & ! folds are press$4 ,! tops are p9n$ :ile /ill 9 ?is position & ! :ole is !n turn$ face d[n1 ea* pleat be+ tack$ to ! next "o ) /\t ?read 7see ,figure #af;,a7 to keep !m f becom+ dis>rang$ 9 use4 ,! top is ei!r atta*$ to a pole or is nail$ flat to a bo>d cornice & ! top edge f9i%$ ) a m\ld+ or ,fr5* ruffle4 7,see ,figure #af47 ,:5 ! pole is us$ sew a flat tape to ! back ( ! head+1 & sew lambrequ9 hooks to ! tape4 ,! ,fr5* ruffle illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #af is made ( a /rip ( goods ab\t f\r in*es wide1 l9$ ) w9d[ holl& wigg9 or f9e canvas to give x /iffness4 ,hem bo? edges1 all[+ ab\t two & "o-?ird times z mu* /rip z ! f9i%$ ruffle is desir$2 turn on its face & m>k e two in*es on ! back on or slightly bel[ ! c5tre 7,a to ,b 9 ,figure #af;,b74 ,!n take a ne$le & /\t ?read or tw9e & draw toge!r e alt]nate m>k & knot !m securely 7,b to ,c74 ,at ! top & bottom ( ^! alt]nate spaces p9* !m toge!r & knot !m ab\t "o-half ( an in* f ! p9*$ po9t1 :i* %\ld be 9 l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! space 7,c to ,d74 ,!n turn face side up1 & a slight pull+ or /ret*+ f end to end w />t ! pleats into %ape1 :5 a little manipulation w make !m take ! desir$ %ape1 z sket* ,figure #af;,c1 %[+ ! face side2 ! back %\ld appe> z ,d to ,e1 ,figure #af;,b4 ,! d\ble box pleat is a little m decorative ?an ! ord9>y pleat1 & is made z illu/rat$ by ,figure #ag4 ,! top is turn$ =w>d & press$ flat1 z %[n 9 successive /ages by draw+s #ag;,a1 #ag;,b & #ag;,c4 ,& ano!r /yle by draw+s #ag;,d1 #ag;,e & #ag;,f1 :i* c be q easily foll[$4 ,figure #ah illu/rates ano!r /yle ) ,fr5* head+1 :i* requires a little m c>e 9 calculation & 9 mak+4 ,if y h det]m9$ ! l5g? & dep? ( ! valance1 divide ! di/ance into ! numb] ( scallops y desire to make1 & proce$ to m>k out ! full size ( "o fe/oon ^u y\r patt]n pap]4 ,use ! bottom ( y\r pleats 7dott$ l9e ,a----,a 9 ,figure #ah7 z a tempor>y top l9e1 & ! di/ance f c5tre ( pipe to c5tre ( pipe1 ) ab\t f\r in*es extra z a tempor>y wid?1 ! dep? ! same z plan calls =1 ) no all[ance extra4 ,lay out ! bottom l9e accord+ to ! measurem5t ( bottom ( scallop1 & draw p]p5dicul> l9es at ,a & ,b to ab\t n9e or twelve in*es above ! l9e ,a----,a 9 ,figure #ah;,a4 ,on ^! m>k (f ! di/ance f bottom pleat 7l9e ,a----,a7 to ! top ( head+1 ) z mu* aga9 = fullness1 & rule l9e ,e----,e1 :i* is ! true top ( ! fe/oon4 ,half way betwe5 ,e & ,e make a p]p5dicul> cut1 ,c----,c1 f ! top to ! l9e ,a----,a1 & f ! bottom ,c draw a horizontal l9e ! l5g? ( ! measurem5t ( ! bottom pleat 79 ?is case #a foot #b in*es72 divide x 9 ! c5tre & erect a p]p5dicul> l9e ?r\gh ,e----,e z a c5tre guide4 ,on ! l9e ,e----,e1 ) ,f----,f z a c5tre1 m>k ! po9ts ( ! top ( ! head+1 ,h & ,e 9 ,figure #ah;,a1 ! di/ance ap>t t lies betwe5 ,x & ,x on y\r sket* 79 ?is case1 ,figure #ah1 "o foot7 & repeat ?is measurem5t at ,d----,g "o-?ird ! di/ance f l9e ,e----,e to l9e ,a----,a 9 ,figure #ah;,a4 ,rule f ,d to ,h1 ,g to ,e1 ,d to ,c on dott$ l9e1 & ,g to ,a1 z illu/rat$1 & f ,a to ,b1 fold patt]n ov] on c5tre l9e ,c----,c & cut out ! o!r side4 ,lay patt]n on ! goods s z to c5tre ! patt]n ( fabric nicely 9 ! scallop1 & cut out z _m z requir$ = ! valance4 ,9 ord] to get ! pleat+ %irr or pleat ! rak+ l9es ,g to ,a & ,d to ,c z tightly z possible1 s t ,h ,h & ,d ,d meet toge!r j above ! l[] ,c4 ,! pipes betwe5 ! fe/oons are cut 9 a mann] simil> to ! pla9 pipes 9 la/ *apt]4 ,:5 ! patt]n is plann$ out & rul$ (f = cutt+1 z !re expla9$1 measure d[n f top po9t ( patt]n on c5tre l9e "o & "o-half times ! di/ance repres5t$ betwe5 ! l9es ,h----,e & ,d----,g on ,figure #ah;,a1 & ) po9t ( divid]s at ?is po9t 7,k1 ,figure #ah;,b71 & po9t ,i1 ! top ( pipe1 z a radius1 /rike an arc equal 9 l5g? to "o & "o-half times ! radius4 ,rule f ea* end ( ! arc1 ,j----,j1 t[>d middle ,k1 till y meet ! rak+ l9e ( ea* side4 ,?is gives ! outl9e ( ! pipe1 :i* is jo9$ flat to ! fe/oons on ei!r side1 z illu/rat$1 ,figure #ah;,c1 & =m$ into a pipe by p9*+ toge!r ! two back edges at ,l & ,l4 ,%\ld ! pleat$ pipe seem too wide at ?is po9t d\ble pleats on ea* side w obviate any difficulty4 ,! patt]n includ$ betwe5 ! po9ts ,j ,j & ,m on pipe patt]n is ! size & %ape requir$ = ! little head+ at ,c----,c1 ,figure #ah1 & is simply =m$ into a pipe inv]t$ & sewn 9 place4 ,?is p>ticul> /yle is v effective = b$rooms1 made 9 art tick+1 d5im1 cretonne or taffeta1 hav+ a prom95t patt]n4 ,! sket* %[s a slight ripple 9 ! bottom ( ! scallop1 :i* is n suffici5t to int]f]e ) ! patt]n1 & w be great] or less1 accord+ to ! sag ( ! pleats1 & consequ5t di/ance betwe5 ,h & ,h1 ,figure #ah4 ,! pipe on ! outside is jo9$ to ! tail & fe/oon1 z ,figure #ah;,c1 & is pleat$ up ) ! tail to ! %ape illu/rat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,simple ,,drap]y ,,s*eme4 ,figure #ai is simil> 9 /yle1 ) a pleat$ scallop1 & is made aft] mu* ! same plan4 ,make a scale or full-size draw+ ( ! fe/oon & pipe1 & measure ! bottom ( ! fe/oon1 z a regul> or /raight fe/oon4 ,lay ! measurem5t out on y\r patt]n pap]1 z p] rule = /raight fe/oon1 *apt] ,i1 except t po9ts ,e ,e are rais$ "o-qu>t] ! di/ance f ,a to ,b1 in/ead ( "o-six?1 z =m]ly expla9$4 ,! dep? = cutt+ is twice ! dep? ( ! f9i%$ fe/oon1 & ! top measurem5t & c5tre cut are f\nd & det]m9$ z expla9$ = pla9 scallop 9 ,figure #ah;,a4 ,m>k out ! full patt]n z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ai;,a1 measure ! circumf]5ce ( bottom ( pipe1 & lay out ! di/ance horizontally f ,e to ,e p>allel ) ! bottom l9e4 ,f ! c5tre ( l9e ,e----,e erect a p]p5dicul> l9e z a c5tre guide1 & on x m>k ! l5g? ( ! pipe f ,f to ,g & ,g to ,h4 7,see dott$ outl9e ( pipe patt]n 9 ,figure #ai;,a47 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! small "p ( ! pipe is laid out horizontally at ,g1 & also ! upp] sweep at ,h1 z expla9$ = pipe 9 ,figure #ah;,b4 ,!n rule f ! extremities ( dott$ l9e ,g1 dropp+ slightly to rak+ edge ( fe/oon1 add pleat+ all[ance z dott$ l9e f ,d to pipe1 & ! patt]n is complete4 ,?is fe/oon & pipe c be repeat$ indef9itely1 z 9 ,figure #ai;,a1 & make a v pretty effect z a valance4 ,if necess>y /iff5 ! top edge ) wigg9 or f9e canvas4 ,! fe/oon is pleat$ up z h]eaft] expla9$ = ,figure #bb4 ,! design c also be made ) sep>ate pipes1 if s desir$1 by foll[+ ! in/ructions = ,figure #bb & us+ pipes in/ead ( tails4 ,ano!r simple valance is t illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #bj4 ,x is v easily con/ruct$4 ,! goods are cut to ! requir$ l5g? to all[ = top & bottom hems & z _m wid?s z are necess>y to give d\ble fullness across ! space4 ,/>t+ at "o end make ?ree or f\r pleats ab\t "o & "o-half in*es wide1 & fa/5 !m tempor>ily toge!r at a di/ance ( six or n9e in*es or m1 accord+ to ! design ( ! goods & wid? ( ! space1 repeat pleat+1 & s on to ! end ( ! goods4 ,if y h correctly spac$ & e/imat$ y\r goods s t !y come out ev5 to ! desir$ l5g?1 fa/5 ! pleats p]man5tly toge!r ab\t two & "o-half in*es d[n f ! top & ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! pleat4 7,see ,x 9 ,figure #bj47 ,draw d[n ! top ( ea* outside pleat beh9d & /it* !m 9 fan %ape1 z %[n 9 back view1 ,figure #bj ,a1 ! top edge turns ov] to ! back betwe5 ea* bun* ( pleats & is sewn flat4 ,figure #ba is ano!r =m ( lambrequ9 9 :i* ! corn]s to =m ! fe/oons are obta9$ by piec+ out4 ,draw out on pap] ! full-size sket* ( complete lambrequ91 z 9 ,figure #ba ,a1 & f ! pleat$ ends ( fe/oons repres5t$ by ! lett]s ,o1 ,a1 ,d & ,i1 m>k out on ! sket* ea* fe/oon patt]n1 all[+ !m to ov]lap ea* o!r z !y w1 tak+ d\ble ! dep? ( ! pleat$ p>ts = ! dep? ( ! fe/oon f dott$ l9e to bottom 7,figure #ba ,a74 ,aft] ea* patt]n is l9$ out on ! pap] 9 full1 take a small nail1 & lay+ ! patt]n ov] a piece ( s(t wood1 pun* ! extreme po9ts ( ! outl9e ( ea* "p by driv+ ! head ( ! nail ?r\gh ! pap]1 z also ! po9ts :]e any "p crosses ! p]p5dicul> d\ble l9es4 ,! pap] is !n cut up ! d\ble l9es & ar\nd ! extreme outl9e ( ! p>ts1 z f outside bottom corn] ( "r h& tail to ,n1 ,n to ,i1 ,k to ,h1 ,h to ,d & ,f to ,c2 ! patt]n c !n be fold$ ov] on ,x----,x1 ! c5tre l9e1 & ! left side cut out4 ,by lay+ ! patt]n ov] ano!r pap]1 & ) a s(t p5cil m>k+ ?r\gh ! pun*$ holes1 z well z ! corn]s :]e ! p]p5dicul> l9es cut ?r\gh ! outl9e1 y easily get ! dim5sions ( ! pieces to be jo9$ on to complete ! patt]n4 ,?us ! triangul> piece repres5t$ by ! po9ts ,a1 ,b & ,c is t requir$ to piece out ! left side ( fe/oon ,no4 #b2 ,d1 ,e & ,f ! "r side ( fe/oon ,no4 #b2 ,d1 ,g & ,h ! left side ( fe/oon ,no4 #c2 ,i1 ,j & ,k ! "r side ( fe/oon ,no4 #c1 & ,i1 ,l1 ,m & ,n ! balance ( ! tail4 ,aft] ! diff]5t pieces are all jo9$ on & ! :ole l9$ ! p>ts are pleat$ up 9 ! usual way1 ) ! top ( valance tack$ flat on ! bo>d1 & ! ends ( ! pleat+ sewn nicely & cov]$ ) a knot ( l>ge cord :i* appe>s to support ea* rais$ "p4 ,:5 cutt+ ! goods add ! trimm+ all[ance ( ?ree in*es beyond ! rak+ sides ( ! patt]ns & trim ! surplus to z small a compass z possible :5 pleat$4 ,figure #bb repres5ts a /yle ( n>r[ fe/oon drap]y :i* pres5ts a fairly elaborate appe>ance ) a small quantity ( goods4 ,! tails are plann$ z expla9$ 9 ! *apt] on ,fr5* ,fe/oon ,drap]y4 ,! fe/oons are measur$ f ! sket*1 all[+ ! /raight l9es betwe5 ! heads ( pipes & tails to repres5t ! top measurem5t1 ! curv$ l9e at bottom ( fe/oon ! bottom measurem5t1 & twice ! di/ance betwe5 = dep? & fullness4 ,to plan fe/oon ,a1 :i* is a regul> fe/oon1 lay out ! bottom l9e1 ,figure #bb ,a1 & f its c5tre erect ! p]p5dicul> l9e ,x----,x1 & on ! horizontal l9e at ! upp] end m>k (f ! top ( fe/oon4 ,f9d all ! po9ts ( ! fe/oon1 z expla9$ = /raight fe/oons 9 ! *apt] on ,fr5* ,fe/oon ,drap]y1 & r\nd out ! bottom & sides z = regul> fe/oons4 ,foll[ also ! in/ructions already giv5 9 cutt+ ! goods1 keep+ ! p]p5dicul> l9e p>allel ) ! selvage1 & 9 reg>d to nap & patt]n4 ,to pleat up ! fe/oon fa/5 ! top edge to ! bo>d ) tempor>y tacks1 p9* up a pleat ab\t "o-fif? ! di/ance f top to bottom1 & ) ! dis5gag$ h& =m a pleat at ! edge ( ! goods1 ! po9t ( :i* is atta*$ on ! l9e ( ! top edge4 7,po9ts ,a----,a1 ,figure #bb ,b47 ,! rema9+ goods are equally divid$ & pleat$ 9 l mann] into f\r full pleats ( equal size & dep?4 ,:5 all tack$ 9 place a l9e is drawn f ,a to ,b on ea* side1 ! pleats p9n$ or ba/$ & tak5 d[n1 !n ! edges trimm$ (f squ>e to ! l9e & b\nd4 ,! c5tre pipe or tail is treat$ z a s+le tail by draw+ a l9e ?r\gh its c5tre to divide x = measur+4 7,e----,f1 ,figure #bb1 dott$ l9e47 ,! half is sket*$ out full size1 z expla9$ 9 ,figure #c1 ,*apt] on ,fe/oon ,drap]y1 all[+ "o m return fold at back to meet ! o!r side at c5tre l9e 7,po9t ,f1 ,figure #bb71 & ! patt]n repeat$ at ,g----,h ,x 9 ,figure #c to make ! full d\ble tail1 :i* is l9$ & jo9$ toge!r at ! edges ,e----,f1 ,figure #bb1 & !n pleat$4 ,x is well to cut a d\ble patt]n all 9 "o piece & pleat x s t y c tell by ! folds ( ! patt]n :]e seams w be p]missible 9 ! fabric4 ,a great _m comb9ations su* z ^! c be made by ! ex]cise ( a little +5uity & pati5ce1 :i* w dep5d = _! appe>ance on ! neatness ( ! "w & ! disposition ( ! /ripe or patt]n ( ! fabric4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #bc ,fig #be ,fig #bd ,fig #bd ,a ,fig #bg ,fig #be ,a ,fig #bh ,fig #bi ,fig #cj ,fig #bi ,a ,fig #ca ,fig #cb ,fig #cb ,a ,fig #cb ,b ,fig #bf ,,piano ,,& ,,mantel ,,drap]ies ,! fabric decoration ( pianos pres5ts difficulties peculi> to itself1 & ! ef=t to comb9e beauty ) common-s5se utility has result$ 9 _m pretty treatm5ts1 a few ( :i* we illu/rate4 ,"o ( ! fir/ problems 9 ! treatm5t ( an upright piano is to securely & neatly atta* ! drap]y to ! in/rum5t )\t 9 anywise int]f]+ ) its use or m>r+ its f9i%4 ,= mo/ treatm5ts a bo>d ! %ape ( ! top ( ! in/rum5t1 cov]$ ) a neutral-t9t$ fabric & l9$ b5ea? ) felt or canton flannel1 w be f\nd to be an easy & practical me?od ( protect+ ! top ( ! in/rum5t1 at ! same "t af=d+ a solid place = ! atta*m5t ( ! drap]y4 ,:5 cov]+ ! "u side be c>eful n to leave any tack heads project+2 ei!r s9k !m into ! fabric bel[ ! surface1 or at ! f\r corn]s1 & c5tre tack a small wad ( felt ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 & drive ! tack 9 s t ! felt is =c$ upw>d ar\nd ! head ( ! tack4 ,if ! bo>d %\ld be incl9$ to teet] or rock1 ?ick5 ! wads at ! loose corn]s until x lies p]fectly flat & solid4 ,! drap]y c be atta*$ to ! bo>d 9 a numb] ( diff]5t ways4 ,= light fe/oon drap]ies 9 :i* ! top ( ! fe/oon falls bel[ ! edge ( ! bo>d a good me?od is to atta* a small metal rod to ! edge ( ! bo>d1 turn+ ! corn]s nicely ) elb[s1 or b5d+ x %>ply at "r angles1 & loop ! drap]y ov] ?is4 ,= flat or /raight top fe/oons atta* directly to ! bo>d & cov] ! edge ) a ruffle or l>ge cord4 ,figure #bc illu/rates a valance or lambrequ9 treatm5t made ) a pla9 scallop$ c5tre & n>r[ fe/oons on ! sides & ends1 ) pipes at ! int]sections ( ! scallops4 ,! fe/oons are fa/5$ along ! edge ( ! bo>d & cov]$ by a l>ge cord4 ,! pla9 scallop 9 c5tre does n int]f]e ) ! use ( ! music re/ & is suffici5tly decorat$ ) an appliqu patt]n4 ,! pipes may ei!r be made sep>ately1 z expla9$ 9 *apt] on flat valances1 or cut toge!r ) fe/oons1 z 9 *apt] on pleat$ valances or lambrequ9s4 ,:]e appliqus are us$1 :e!r ( lea!r1 t9sel or lace1 ! be/ effect is obta9$ by us+ a self-color fabric )\t patt]n or design4 ,sew ! appliqus d[n flat ei!r by h& or ma*9e be=e ! l9+ is put 94 ,figure #bd is a flat appliqu valance on :i* ! appliqu is all[$ to project beyond ! edge ( ! scallops1 mak+ an irregul> lace edge effect4 ,?is makes a v neat & simple arrangem5t1 & is cut z ,figure #bd ,a1 to all[ an ov]hang on ! face & two ends ( ! in/rum5t4 ,! ov]hang ,x at ! end is made ! wid? ( ! top1 s t ! front ov]hang falls close to its front edge & meets ! appliqu to conceal ! op5+ at ! corn]4 ,?is /yle usually requires two bread?s ( fifty-in* goods1 & is made ) an ov]hang ( six or n9e in*es 9 front & eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r in*es at ea* end4 ,aft] ! edg+ is sewn on x is l9$ 7sometimes int]l9$7 & laid on ! piano1 :]e its weight is usually suffici5t to keep x 9 place4 ,figure #be is a fe/oon drap]y loop$ ov] ! metal rod on ! edge ( ! bo>d or atta*$ to ! edge ( piano top1 z illu/rat$ by small cords & tassels1 :i* are atta*$ to ! back ( ! piano4 7,see dott$ l9es ,figure #be ,a47 ,!y may be ei!r /raight loops1 z left side ( illu/ration1 or cross$1 z "r side ( illu/ration4 ,?is /yle is cut & made up ) due consid]ation ( ! size & requirem5ts ( ! space1 z expla9$ 9 *apt] on ,fr5* fe/oon drap]y4 ,a pretty s*eme is sometimes made 9 s(t fabrics by us+ a drap]y t is a composite ( ! la/ two1 a flat top cov] ) a pleat$ fe/oon effect on ! front & end1 z outl9$ by scallop$ brok5 l9es on ,figure #bf4 ,x is made z expla9$ = ,figure #ba 9 *apt] on pleat$ valances or lambrequ9s4 ,aft] ! fe/oons are drawn out full size & m>k$ = cutt+1 ! pipe = ! corn] may be add$ & cut out ) ! fe/oon4 7,see explanation = ,figure #ai ,a 9 *apt] on pleat$ valances47 ,! tail 9 ,figure #bf is plann$ ! rev]se way to ! me?od m5tion$ 9 a =m] *apt]1 b a /udy ( ?is illu/ration w %[ t ! pr9ciple is ! same4 ,! tail & pipe may be cut sep>ate f ! re/ or cut atta*$ by all[+ = ! little connect+ pieces ,x & ,x1 :i* fold b5ea? & d n %[4 ,9 cutt+ ! tail = ?is design !re is no?+ to be ga9$ by cutt+ x atta*$ to ! fe/oon1 b ! me?od is giv5 "h to expla9 ! pr9ciple4 ,! pla9 ti$ sc>f1 ,figure #bg1 is usually a piece ( s(t unl9$ fabric tw5ty-sev5 in*es wide by ab\t two & two-?irds y>ds long1 & is caught up z illu/rat$ by ty+ a small %irr+ cord :i* is run ?r\gh ! fabric & divides ! front ov]hang into ?ree fe/oons4 ,9 l>ge rooms !re is sometimes an advantage 9 turn+ ! keybo>d to ! wall & decorat+ ! back ( ! in/rum5t1 :i* is !n ! mo/ prom95t "p4 ,! nature ( ?is treatm5t is to disguise ! piano & give x ! effect & usefulness ( ano!r piece ( furniture4 ,figure #bh illu/rates a popul> treatm5t1 ! back cov]$ ) a curta9 ( s(t fabric %irr$ on a rod1 & atta*$ to ! back ( ! in/rum5t s t ! head+ or %irr+ projects slightly above ! top4 ,9 mak+ ! curta9 all[ ab\t z mu* aga9 = fullness 7or twice ! l5g? ( ! space to be cov]$71 lett+ ! bottom edge ( ! curta9 hang free or %irr x on a rod simil> to ! top4 ,to ?is is add$ an uphol/]$ seat or b5* & a few pill[s4 ,if desir$ a fe/oon drap]y c be add$ at ! top ( ! curta9 ) good effect4 ,a decorative panel may be us$ in/ead ( a curta91 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #bi1 ei!r ) or )\t a seat1 & ! drap]y made to con=m to ! /yle ( ! panel4 ,! drap]y may be made z a "p ( ! panel1 z ,figure #bi ,a1 or atta*$ sep>ately aft] ! panel is 9 place4 ,a squ>e or gr& piano is prettily treat$ ) a flat cov]1 ! size & %ape ( ! top trimm$ ) an ov]hang+ fr+e or appliqud edge ( a dep? to suit ! individual ta/e4 ,! cov] may be made ( any m$ium-weight mat]ial ( self or composite color+s1 b pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to a fabric n easily m>k$ by ! ornam5ts or bric--brac4 ,9 _m cases ! designs suitable = an upright piano c be us$ ) good effect on a mantel1 ,figures #bc1 #bd1 #be & #bg ( our illu/rations possess+ ?is feature to a c]ta9 degree4 ,! decoration ( a mantel1 h[ev]1 does n pres5t ! same difficulties z ! decoration ( a piano1 because !re are few] re/rictions to be> 9 m9d1 & !re is p]haps m dang] ( ov]do+ mantel decoration on ?is acc\nt4 ,f ! appe>ance ( "s ( ! old-fa%ion$ fireplaces /ill 9 exi/5ce we w\ld inf] t 9 ^? days utility & capacity 7 ! fir/1 la/ & only consid]ations4 ,! op5 grate1 ?\gh popul> = a long "t aft] its introduction into ?is c\ntry1 gradually became less & less frequ5tly us$1 & z its usefulness decreas$ its arti/ic insuffici5cies became m & m app>5t1 drap]ies be+ us$ to relieve & ornam5t x :]e x 0 ?\ght unwise to remove x altoge!r4 ,succe$+ ! p]iod ( disguis$ homel9ess we h a p]iod ( m elaborate designs1 & ) ! return ( ! ov]mantel ar*itectural art has lavi%$ ^u ?is piece ( furniture c>v+s & m\ld+s until x is usually a ?+ ( beauty1 & ! decorator has sometimes to advise aga9/ :at w\ld be a sup]fluity ( decoration 9 ! employm5t ( fabric4 ,a little judici\s advice along ! l9e ( sup]abundant decoration is sometimes pr(itably & k9dly receiv$1 b ! man :o presumes to s advise mu/ d s only ^u invitation & ) ! utmo/ tact4 ,9 a great _m cases1 h[ev]1 ! mantel drap]y is /ill an arti/ic necessity1 & we give h]e) a few /yles & me?ods ( mod]n treatm5ts4 ,figure #cj is a flat-cov]$ buckram pelmet1 hav+ a scallop$ bottom1 & a s]ies ( ap]tures ?r\gh :i* a light-weight drap]y is arrang$ 9 regul> fe/oons4 ,?is /yle is frequ5tly employ$ to obta9 dep? )\t ! appe>ance ( weight4 ,! top edge ( ! pelmet may be f9i%$ ) a cord1 fr+e1 m\ld+1 antique nails or any simple =m ( trimm+4 ,= me?od ( mak+ ?is class ( drap]y see *apt] on flat valances & lambrequ9s4 ,x is sometimes necess>y to provide an op5 grate ) draught curta9s1 z ,figure #ca4 ,^! are hung on a small rod close up to ! top ( ! op5+1 us+ r+s l>ge en\gh to all[ !m to trav]se easily1 & are provid$ ) a tassel loop at ea* side to reta9 curta9s1 z dott$ l9es1 ,figure #ca1 :5 ! grate conta9s fire4 ,x is necess>y1 unless ! goods are v heavy1 to weight ! bottoms ( ! curta9s to prev5t ! draught f draw+ !m inw>d4 ,?is is accompli%$ by a small roll ( %ot1 ab\t ! ?ickness ( a lead p5cil1 cas$ 9 cotton & ins]t$ betwe5 ! l9+ & ! goods along ! bottom ( ! curta94 ,d n fill ! roll s tightly t x w n reta9 its flexibility4 ,?is w be f\nd a good me?od to employ :]e a draught ( any k9d int]f]es ) ! prop] appe>ance ( a light-weight curta91 & ! roll c be kept almo/ invisible 9 ! lighte/ mat]ials by cov]+ x ) a piece ( mat]ial ! same %ade z ! curta9s4 ,frequ5tly ! appe>ance ( a room may be enhanc$ by giv+ ! mantel fitm5t "s elevation1 z1 = in/ance1 ,figure #cb1 by reason ( its pla9ness1 w\ld 9 a l>ge room pres5t a squatty appe>ance1 7 x n = ! elevation giv5 x by ! panel & drap]y4 ,in/ead ( ! panel1 a mirror may be us$1 & ! drap]y add$ to relieve ! b>e top l9e4 ,! drap]y may be atta*$ to a pole1 cords or ornam5ts1 z y\r design may require1 tak+ c>e only to give x suffici5t ext5sion to cle> ! panel nicely & n lie flat aga9/ ! face ( x4 ,?is /yle1 ) ,figure #cb ,a1 gives ano!r me?od ( comb9+ a fe/oon & a tail1 ! jo9 be+ made aft] bo? are pleat$ up & ! seam conceal$ by a cord :i* appe>s to loop x back4 ,measure & cut fe/oon ,a1 ,figure #cb ,a1 z p] rule = irregul> fe/oons 9 ! *apt] p]ta9+ to t subject1 :i* w give y ! patt]n ,figure #cb ,b4 ,pleat ?is up on y\r bo>d to ! dim5sions & %ape ( y\r plan & make a pap] patt]n ( an ord9>y s+le tail ! size y require4 ,pleat ?is up & trim ! corn] ,c1 ,figure #cb ,d1 to fit ! angle cov]$ by ! cord 9 ,figure #cb ,a4 ,cut1 l9e1 & pleat up ! tail 9 ! usual way1 & jo9 x to ! pleat$ fe/oon z neatly z possible4 ,illu/ration ,! decorator ) an eye = ensemble w sometimes be able to sugge/ ! break+ up ( a too flat b\doir or dress+-room side-wall ) a mantel %elf or hang+ book-%elf1 :i* c be ta/efully decorat$ 9 keep+ ) ! surr\nd+s4 ,! treatm5t ( high upright /eam r$iators is analog\s to ?is l9e ( furni%+ & dem&s 9 "s in/ances mu* ! same mode ( proc$ure4 ,a bo>d or %elf is made to fit ! top ( ! radiator & s con/ruct$ z to fit squ>ely & securely ) a box+ or keep] b5ea?1 to prev5t slid+ or slipp+4 ,?is is cov]$ ) a fabric to h>monize ) ! o!r furni%+s & trimm$ ) a deep fr+e1 a ,japanese re$ & bead curta91 a m\ld+1 or a v %all[ valance4 ,! dep? ( any1 gov]n$ by ! /yle ( ! radiator & ! ta/e ( ! decorator1 be/ results are obta9$ by us+ a bo>d t has saw cuts ab\t an in* ap>t1 & runn+ )9 a few in*es ( f end to end1 l5g?wise4 ,v l[ upright radiators c be effectively treat$ by mak+ ! top into an uphol/]$ seat & trimm+ ! front & ends ) a deep close fr+e f seat to floor1 :i* w conceal ! radiator & p]mit ! escape ( all ! heat4 ,a /udy ( ! accompany+ illu/rations w sugge/ ! application ( ea* to ! requirem5ts ( a piano1 mantel or %elf1 & f ^! a great _m pretty comb9ations may be evolv$4 ,9 ! /yles pres5t$ we h tri$ to avoid any?+ ( a cumbr\s or fussy nature1 on ! gr\nd t dignity & simplicity are m pref]able 9 ! small] furni%+s4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,fig #cc ,g ,fig #cc ,b ,fig #cc ,fig #cd ,d ,fig #cc ,a ,fig #cc ,c ,fig #cc ,e ,fig #cd ,a ,fig #cd ,b ,fig #cd ,c ,fig #cc ,f ,fig #cc ,d ,fig #ch ,a ,fig #cf ,fig #cd ,fig #cd ,e ,fig #cg ,fig #cg ,a ,face ,side ( ,goods ,back ( ,goods ,fig #ce ,fig #ch ,fig #ch ,b ,,sc>f ,,drap]ies ,,all drap]ies t are n regul>ly cut & made1 accord+ to "s design1 b dep5d = _! appe>ance entirely on ! way 9 :i* ! fabric is put up1 are class$ "u ! head+ sc>f drap]ies4 ,!y are at be/ b an imitation ( ! cut fe/oon drap]y1 & = any?+ p]man5t mu* bett] satisfaction is obta9$ by ! use ( fabric prop]ly cut & made up4 ,:5 ! decoration is ( a transi5t "*1 h[ev]1 su* z %[-w9d[ decoration1 fe/ival decoration1 or ! tempor>y adornm5t ( a door or w9d[1 v good effects c be obta9$ by practice & ! ex]cise ( a little +5uity )\t cutt+ ! mat]ial1 & x is n a r>e occurr5ce to meet m5 ( long exp]i5ce 9 ! drap]y bus9ess :o employ ?is me?od altoge!r4 ,z a k ( ! me?ods us$ to obta9 v>i\s results 9 ?is /yle w d\btless prove useful1 we pres5t h]e) a numb] ( illu/rations :i* %[ ! v]satility ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,figure #cc 7see diagrams on ! opposite page7 illu/rates "o treatm5t ( a pair ( tape/ry1 silk or *5ille curta9s to =m a drap]y ov] a six or sev5 foot op5+4 ,to accompli% ?is divide ! wid? ( ! op5+ into ?ree spaces1 ! middle "o slightly n>r[] ?an ! o!rs4 ,at po9t ,a1 ,figure #cc ,a1 tempor>ily atta* ! corn] ( "o curta9 & draw ! o!r end ( x up & ov] ! pole ,b1 f beh9d2 )\t twi/+ ! curta91 draw ! top 7or dott$ l9e7 edge ,figure #cc ,a ov] until ! sag betwe5 ,a & ,b is ne>ly correct1 !n adju/ ! bottom 7or brok5 l9e7 edge1 all[+ x to sag consid]ably m ?an ! upp] edge to give ! necess>y dep? to fe/oon #b4 ,note ! /ripes ( ! mat]ial 9 ,figure #cc ,a1 :i* illu/rates h[ a /raight cross-/rip$ mat]ial w\ld look if us$ 9 ?is way4 ,fa/5 ! goods tempor>ily at ,b ) a few tacks & proce$ ) fe/oon #c4 ,c>ry ! 7brok5 l9e7 top edge1 :i* 0 ! bottom edge 9 fe/oon #b1 to ,c1 y\r left outside po9t1 ,figures #cc & #cc ,a1 all[+ x to sag slightly z ! top ( ! fe/oon4 ,hold ! mat]ial at po9t ,c ) ! "r h&1 & ) ! left h& grasp ! edge ( ! goods a %ort di/ance f>!r to ! left & raise x above ! "r h& 7at po9t ,c7 until ! edge ( ! goods betwe5 y\r h&s is taut1 z illu/rat$ by ,figure #cc ,a4 ,if y h all[$ a suffici5t di/ance betwe5 y\r h&s1 corn] ,e ( ! curta9 %\ld be high] ?an corn] ,f1 z illu/rat$4 ,adju/ ! position ( y\r left h& until y get ! corn]s to satisfy y1 leav+ ! corn] ,f z l[ z y desire to h x4 ,) ! h&s 9 ! positions ( ,figure #cc ,a move ! left h& ov] above ! "r h&1 keep+ ! edge ( ! mat]ial /ill taut betwe5 !m1 & ) ! f+]s & ?umb ( ! "r h& ga!r up all ! goods across ! dott$ l9e ,x----,x into small pleats & squeeze ?is tightly ) ! "r h& z ,figure #cc ,b4 ,half way betwe5 ! two h&s b5d ?is bun* back1 br++ ! po9t held by ! left h& "u ! f+]s ( ! "r h& :]e x is ti$ securely by a cord pass$ ar\nd ! goods ga!r$ !re1 & atta* x to ! wall1 pole or door frame at po9t ,c1 ,figure #cc4 ,! rosette is =m$ by spread+ out ! loop =m$ by b5d+ back ! po9t = ty+4 ,spread x fan %ape1 ,figure #cc ,c1 br++ ea* side ar\nd to =m a complete circle1 end+ by tuck+ "o )9 ! o!r z ,figure #cc ,d4 ,pick out ! mo/ prom95t folds bel[ ! rosette to =m pleats & =m !m z f> back t[>d po9t ,b z y c foll[ !m1 mak+ z _m z are necess>y to dispose ( ! fullness ( ! fe/oon2 =m a pipe dropp+ f ! c5tre ( ! ti$ bun* b5ea? ! rosette & pleat ! re/ ( ! fullness to =m a d\ble tail z illu/rat$4 ,release ! goods :]e !y 7 tempor>ily tack$ at ,b & =m folds ov] ! pole t w be cont9uations ( ! pleats radiat+ f ! rosette4 ,comm5ce at ! side ne>e/ ! rosette & tack ea* "o z y =m x1 all[+ ! la/ "o to be a nice full pleat1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #cc ,e4 ,! po9t ( ! curta9 :i* 0 atta*$ at ,a is n[ drawn up slightly to make a few %all[ pleats 9 fe/oon #b1 & ! po9t ?r[n back t[>d ! wall1 out ( sight1 :]e x is fa/5$ to keep ! pleats 9 place4 ,= fe/oon #a spread ! curta9 out flat1 z ,figure #cc ,f1 & ) "o h& ga!r ! goods into small pleats across ! end on ! bias & slightly curv$1 z dott$ l9e4 ,?is is securely ti$ & ?r[n ov] ! pole at po9t ,a1 ! %ort edge upp]mo/ & next to ! o!r curta9 7see ,figure #cc ,g71 fa/5 x !re & make a fe/oon rosette & tail ) ! balance ( ! curta91 z expla9$ = fe/oon #c1 ,figure #cc ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #cf ,a ,if y wi% ! s+le tail at ,a1 =m$ by ! end ( ! second curta91 to cascade ! rev]se way 7) long side next to ! o!r curta971 twi/ x :]e x is br\ght up beh9d ! pole1 b d n turn ! :ole curta9 ov]1 z y ne$ ! longe/ edge = ! bottom ( ! fe/oon4 ,a /udy ( ! dott$ & brok5 l9e edges ( ea* illu/ration w expla9 h[ !y are manipulat$ to secure ! requisite l5g? = ! bottom ( ! fe/oon1 h[ ! surplus f ! top ( "o fe/oon is us$ to increase ! l5g? ( ! next "o1 & h[1 by us+ alt]nate edges ( ! curta91 x is made to cov] a l>g] space4 ,figure #cd is ano!r treatm5t ( a pair ( curta9s = a simil> space4 ,! "r-h& curta9 is manipulat$ mu* ! same z ! left-h& curta9 9 ,figure #cc1 :i* has be5 already expla9$4 ,! left-h& curta9 is pleat$ into ! space all[$ = x at ! top1 ei!r tack$ ov] ! pole z illu/rat$1 or atta*$ to r+s4 ,x is all[$ to hang /raight f ! pole & ei!r caught up ) a rosette at ! side or is ga!r$ back & conf9$ by a loop4 ,to make ! rosette1 all[ ! curta9 to hang p]fectly /raight ei!r j to ! floor or ev5 a half y>d long] 7if y desire ! sweep ( ! bottom edge nice & full71 & grasp ! edge1 )\t /ret*+ x1 at ! po9t :]e y wi% to make ! rosette4 ,!n ) ! dis5gag$ h&1 ,figure #cd ,a1 cat* ! edge aga9 l[] d[n & raise x until ! longe/ po9t ( ! curta9 cle>s ! floor or is z mu* high] z y want x to be :5 f9i%$1 ga!r across dott$ l9e1 ,figure #cd ,a1 & =m ! surplus into a rosette1 z expla9$ = ,figure #cc4 ,pick out ! fullness ( ! curta9 into pleats1 =m a pipe dep5d+ f ! c5tre ( ! ti$ "p b5ea? ! rosette & pleat ! balance into a d\ble tail4 ,to ga!r ! curta9 back ) a loop1 z ,figure #cd ,b1 all[ x to j nicely cle> ! floor1 & !n ) bo? h&s ga!r x into l>ge folds comm5c+ at ! outside edge consid]ably bel[ ! position ( ! loop1 & foll[+ ! sweep indicat$ by dott$ l9e across curta9 9 ,figure #cd ,b4 ,figure #cd ,c is an illu/ration ( h[ ?is c be accompli%$ neatly )\t ! necessity ( pull+ ! curta9 ?r\gh ! loop aft] x has be5 caught up2 ,figure #cd ,d is a cross section ( a curta9 :ile be+ ga!r$1 illu/rat+ ! position ( ! f+]s z !y =m ea* successive pleat1 ! ?umbs rema9+ /ation>y & ! f+]s draw+ ! goods t[>d !m to =m ea* pleat4 ,figure #cd ,e is a back view ( ! end ( ! curta9 t is pleat$ ov] ! pole1 ,figure #cd1 & %[s also ! corn] ( ! curta9 :i* =ms ! middle fe/oon4 ,= ,figure #ce1 ano!r treatm5t ( a pair ( curta9s1 ga!r ! curta9s1 "o = ea* side1 z expla9$ = fe/oon #a1 ,figures #cc ,f & #cc ,g1 & fa/5 ! ti$ p>ts toge!r to =m ! d\ble tail 9 ! c5tre1 twi/ ea* curta9 :]e x passes ?r\gh ! r+ to br+ ! %ort edges to =m ! outside ( ! d\ble tail1 & =m ! fe/oons1 rosettes & outside tails1 z expla9$ = ,figure #cc4 ,figure #cf is an illu/ration ( a sc>f drap]y = a six-foot circul> top w9d[ or ar*way1 made ( six y>ds ( fifty-in* mat]ial1 ) a fr+e sewn on "o side & bo? ends4 ,divide ! space = ! numb] ( fe/oons y wi% to make1 m>k ! po9ts :]e ! atta*m5ts w be fa/5$1 & put !m 9 place1 m>k ,x ! c5tre ( ! space & ,v ! middle ( y\r l5g? ( goods on ! top or unfr+$ edge4 ,tempor>ily atta* ,v at po9t ,x & c>ry ! edge ( ! half l5g? to ! "r or left to ,a or ,b1 ! fir/ po9t ( atta*m5t1 all[+ a slight sag = ! top ( ! fe/oon4 ,) "o h& hold ! edge ( ! goods at ,b1 ,figure #cf ,a1 & move ! o!r h& twelve or eighte5 in*es f>!r along ! edge1 & ) a ga!r+ motion ( f+]s & ?umb all[ ! two h&s to foll[ ! %ape ( ! dott$ l9e across ! goods1 ,figure #cf ,a1 until !y meet at ,e1 :i* y h judg$ to be z f> f ! bottom edge z ! l5g? y wi% to make ! pipe ,o1 =m$ at ,b----,b1 ,figure #cf4 ,z ! h&s meet ga!r all ! goods into "o & ) ! o!r tie a cord tightly ar\nd ! ga!r+1 ! same z = ! rosette1 ,figures #cc ,a & #cc ,b2 ! surplus above ! ty+ may be =m$ into a rosette or ?r[n back ?r\gh a r+1 z illu/rat$4 ,! same process is repeat$ at r+ ,a----,a1 & ! two out] fe/oons & tails =m$ z expla9$ = fe/oon #c1 ,figure #cc4 ,aft] all is securely atta*$ pick ! fullness into pleats t foll[ nicely f "o po9t ( atta*m5t to ! next2 =m pipes ( ! surplus bottom edge & fold & pick out ! ends until y h a pres5table d\ble tail surm\nt$ by a rosette1 z illu/rat$4 ,z we h already /at$1 sc>f drap]ies dep5d = _! appe>ance on ! way 9 :i* !y are put up1 & a little "t sp5t 9 c>efully adju/+ ! pleats & pipes s t !y hang gracefully )\t draw+ or twi/+ w be amply rew>d$ by ! appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ product4 ,"s mat]ials require an inf9ite am\nt ( coax+1 p>ticul>ly = sc>f drap]ies1 b pati5ce & p]sev]ance w usually conqu] ! mo/ contr>y fabric4 ,figure #cg is a sc>f drap]y made ) "o rev]se :]e x passes ?r\gh ! r+4 ,by rev]se we mean t ! fr+e in/ead ( be+ all sewn on "o side ( ! goods is = "s di/ance transf]r$ to ! o!r side ( ! goods & sewn to ! opposite edge4 ,if ! mat]ial is rev]sible 7f9i%$ alike on bo? sides7 ! fr+e c be rev]s$1 z ,figure #cg ,a1 )\t cutt+ ! goods1 & ! fr+e1 in/ead ( end+ ) ! two ends opposite "o ano!r1 is all[$ to pass or ov]lap to ab\t ! position indicat$ by ! extremities ( ! dott$ ,a----,a4 ,if ! mat]ial is n rev]sible1 z is suppos$ly ! case 9 ,figure #cg ,a1 ! goods are cut 79 ?is case "o-?ird ! di/ance f "o end7 & sewn toge!r at ,a#a----;,a#a1 ) ! long end ! rev]se side up4 ,ga!r ! goods across ! brok5 l9e ,a#a----;,a#a & draw ?r\gh ! r+ until ! seam is conceal$2 draw ov] ! hook ,b1 leav+ ! necess>y sag to ! bottom edge & all[+ ! top edge only a slight droop2 ga!r & tie at ! outside corn] ,d1 & !n g ov] bo? ! fe/oons & coax ! pleats into %ape4 ,y w f9d t ! goods h become consid]ably bias$ :]e !y pass ov] ! hook ,b1 & = t reason d n fa/5 !m at ,c until ! c5tre fe/oon is f9i%$ to y\r satisfaction4 ,:5 ?is is accompli%$ proce$ to f9i% ! left fe/oon aft] ! mann] ( fe/oon #c1 ,figure #cc ,a4 ,! top edge betwe5 ,b & ,c w be f\nd q full1 & ! surplus mu/ be dispos$ ( 9 ! rosette at ,c4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ popul> /yles ( small sc>f drap]ies1 & if nicely c>ri$ out 9 s(t fabrics c be made to look q neat4 ,be=e cutt+ ! goods = rev]s+1 we w\ld advise ! tempor>y drap+ ( ! goods1 z h]eaft] expla9$ = ,figure #ch4 ,figure #ch is an elaborate fe/oon sc>f drap]y1 ) ! fr+e rev]s$ 9 f\r places4 ,to accompli% ?is successfully x is almo/ imp]ative t we use a rev]sible mat]ial t w p]mit ( ea* side be+ alt]nately pres5t$ to view 9 ! fe/oons )\t p]ceptible diff]5ce4 ,to calculate = rev]s+ sc>f drap]ies ! be/ plan is to m>k (f on y\r drap]y bo>d ! dim5sions ( y\r space or op5+1 & atta* to x at requisite po9ts ornam5ts1 r+s or poles simil> to ^? y int5d to atta* x to :5 f9i%$4 ,cut (f y\r mat]ial1 all[+ "o y>d ( mat]ial to ea* foot 9 wid? ( space1 & tempor>ily atta* ! c5tre ( "o edge ( y\r goods to ! middle ( y\r space2 !n br+ x ?r\gh or ov] ! next atta*m5t1 draw+ to ab\t ! desir$ proportion ( ! fe/oon1 & repeat at ! next po9t1 & s on to ! end rosette2 br+ ! goods ov] & ov] ea* "t )\t twi/+ x1 z y w\ld b9d a b&age r\nd a limb4 ,:5 all tempor>ily atta*$ g back ov] ea* fe/oon & be sure t x is correctly adju/$1 & !n tie up ! ends to =m rosettes4 ,y c n[ readily see :]e fr+e w be ne$$2 m>k x z x hangs1 us+ safety curta9 p9s1 plac+ a p9 at ! extremities ( ! bottom l9e ( ea* fe/oon1 ! po9ts t[>d ! bottom ( ! fe/oon4 7,see ,figure #ch ,b1 po9ts ,d & ,g47 ,! bottom l9e ( ! next fe/oon runs up beh9d ?is "o1 consequ5tly y mu/ rea* up und]nea? ! fir/ fe/oon & place ! p9s 9 ! face side ( ! "u fe/oon1 po9ts d[nw>d1 z dott$ out l9es1 ,e & ,f1 ,figure #ch ,b4 ,put a p9 also 9 ! outside corn] ( ea* tail1 po9t+ t[>d ! l[] po9t ( ! tail4 ,:5 all p9n$ take d[n & sew ! fr+e on ! side f :i* ea* pair ( p9s 0 ins]t$1 & f po9t to po9t ( ea* pair4 ,?is w br+ ! fr+e alt]nately fir/ on "o side & edge & !n on ! o!r side & edge1 z ,figure #ch ,a1 :i* repres5ts ! fr+e betwe5 po9ts ,a----,b1 ,d----,g & ,h----,j1 z be+ on ! top side ( ! goods z x lies spread out1 & t betwe5 po9ts ,c----,e & ,f----,i1 on ! "u side4 ,figure #ch ,b %[s a v>iation f ! /yle ( ,figure #ch1 9 t ! fe/oon does n =m a w9d r\nd ! pole1 b is z a loop dropp$ ov] x1 bo? ends ( ! fe/oon %[+ 9 front ( ! pole4 ,x is seldom employ$ m ?an once or twice 9 a l>ge drap]y1 & !n 9 ! c5tre or at equal di/ances on ea* side ( x4 ,9 sc>f drap]ies1 z 9 cut drap]ies1 /udy to produce a symmetrical & well-balanc$ effect1 & at ! same "t avoid hav+ ea* side ! exact duplicate ( ! o!r4 ,figure #ch1 = example1 is an illu/ration ( ?is ?\ght4 ,if = ar*itectural reasons x is necess>y t bo? sides be alike1 z ,figure #ce1 !n plan to h !m z exact z possible1 b1 z a g5]al rule1 a slight v>iation adds "* to ! decoration4 ,avoid1 also1 too _m rosettes1 two be+ q suffici5t 9 almo/ any drap]y t is n ( a tempor>y "*4 ,we d n advocate ! use ( sc>f drap]ies = p]man5t treatm5ts1 b ! k & skill acquir$ by practice 9 ?is /yle ( decoration is a valuable possession4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,bunt+ ,,decorations ,,r$ ,,:ite ,,blue ,,engl& ,,ne!rl&s ,,p>aguay ,,:ite ,,blue ,,r$ ,,russia ,,blue ,,:ite ,,r$ ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,france ,,fe/ival ,,decorations ,,"p ,i4 ,illu/ration ,dur+ c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> ! decorator is call$ ^u to furni% decorations = national demon/rations1 society functions & ! enri*m5t ( halls1 lawns1 boo?s1 etc4 ,^! decorations dem& some?+ m ?an ! usual exhibition ( a few flags & bunt+1 t may signify any?+ f a national victory to ! op5+ ( a saloon1 & ?is bran* ( "w is gradually becom+ m important 9 ! decorative bus9ess4 ,to successfully h&le x to any ext5t x is necess>y to c>ry on h& a quantity ( ! diff]5t decorative mat]ials1 su* z flags1 bunt+1 %ields1 bann]s1 etc41 & = quick & effective display a few ( ! foll[+ sugge/ions might be pr(itably adopt$4 ,illu/ration ,! natural advantages peculi> to ea* build+ frequ5tly sugge/ ! basis = a decorative s*eme1 & 9 plann+ an ext]ior trim x is be/ to fir/ make a c>eful /udy ( ! build+ & jot d[n :at p>ticul> features /rike y z (f]+ advantage or difficulty 9 _! decoration4 ,note also ! accessibility ( ! prom95t places1 & plan y\r trim accord+ly4 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid on ! importance ( ?is prelim9>y survey1 = plans might be sugge/$ :i* w\ld h to be consid]ably modifi$ 9 execution1 to ! disappo9tm5t ( y\r cu/om]4 ,aft] notes are tak51 secure1 if possible1 a cut ( ! build+ f ! /ation]y or adv]tis+ matt] ( ! t5ants or own]s1 & ) ^! z a basis project y\r s*eme ( decoration4 ,if a sket* mu/ be made1 adh]e rigidly to ! ar*itectural proportions ( ! build+1 & be c>eful n to %[ /ream]s or fe/oons :]e y\r workm5 w\ld require w+s to place !m & glue to /ick !m 9 position4 ,! me?ods ( dispos+ decorations = ext]ior "w diff] accord+ to ta/e1 & no h>d & fa/ rule c be laid d[n z to :at is & is n prop]4 ,we illu/rate 9 ,figure #ci1 on ! opposite page1 a few ( ! diff]5t designs :i* are mo/ frequ5tly us$4 ,illu/ration ,?is build+ possesses mo/ decid$ natural advantages1 & ! :ole decoration c\ld be c>ri$ out completely 9 any "o ( ! diff]5t /yles sugge/$ 9 ! illu/ration4 ,on ! gr\nd floor elevation we illu/rate a numb] ( columns re/+ on a squ>e base & surm\nt$ by an illum9at$ globe4 ,! pl9? 7see detail ,figure #dj7 is a squ>e box cov]$ ) cotton /ret*$ smoo?ly & tack$ on ! back or bottom to conceal ! tacks4 ,! torus is a circul> piece ( bo>d a little less 9 diamet] ?an ! top surface ( ! pl9?1 cov]$ ) cotton1 also drawn tightly & tack$ und]nea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fe/ival ,,decorations ,,figure #ci4 ,,see ,,text ,,on ,,opposite ,,page4 ,! framework ( ! %aft is made z ,figure #dj ,a4 ,two pieces ( bo>d are nail$ toge!r ,v-%ape1 & f9i%$ at ea* end ) a circul> piece ( bo>d ! diamet] y desire y\r %aft to be2 ?is frame is cov]$ ) cotton pleat$ f end to end1 z figure #dj ,b4 ,?is requires consid]able practice to d x nicely1 b :5 neatly cov]$ ) blea*$ :ite cotton1 ) pleats ab\t "o & "o-half in*es wide1 x makes a v pleas+ column4 ,! a/ragal1 neck1 ovolo & abacus 7see detail7 are cov]$ circles ( graduat$ diamet]s1 all securely fa/5$ toge!r2 ! globe :i* surm\nts ! capital is a holl[ %ell made on a frame simil> to ,figure #da1 & cov]$ ) alt]nate colors ( cotton1 ! jo9s tack$ toge!r on ! ribs & conceal$ by ! puff+ expla9$ a little lat]4 ,:5 complet$1 ! :ole =ms a light & neat semblance ( a heavy flut$ column1 & gives a dignifi$ appe>ance to a trim4 ,if desir$ !y c be made half r\nd or half squ>e & us$ z pila/]s1 made & f9i%$ 9 ! same way4 ,:ile n q z effective1 !y require less "t & mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj ,fig4 #dj ,b ,fig4 #dj ,a ,fig4 #dc ,fig4 #da ,fig4 #db ,a ,b ,c ,fig4 #dg ,a ,fig4 #dg ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd ,fig4 #di ,fig4 #dh ,fig4 #de ,fig4 #df ,! corn] doorway ( ,figure #ci %[s a r\nd top %irr$ 9 ) cotton or bunt+ trimm$ ) a c\ple ( flags & a drap]y ( two alt]nate colors4 ,if ! sweep ( ! ar* is a semi-circle1 take a piece ( mat]ial a little m ?an half ! diamet] 9 wid? & z long z twice ! diamet] 7or bottom measurem5t7 & ga!r "o edge into small pleats1 tie x tightly & atta* x to ! c5tre ( ! bottom frame4 ,comm5ce 9 ! c5tre ( ! top edge ( ! fabric & fa/5 x to ! middle ( ! top frame1 &1 work+ f ?is ea* way1 /ret* ! mat]ial smoo?ly into pleats radiat+ f ! ti$ edge1 & tack x all ar\nd ! sweep ( ! frame1 cov] ! bottom edge ) a c\ple ( flags drap$ z ,figure #db ,a1 ,b & ,c1 m9us ! /icks1 & f9i% ! outside ( ! circle ) a puff+4 ,to make ! puff+1 fold a wid? ( mat]ial 7ab\t #cj in*7 into pleats ab\t two in*es wide1 & tack "o end ( x to ! po9t :]e ! puff+ is to f9i%4 ,leave a loop ( ! pleat$ mat]ial ab\t ?ree in*es high1 & ) a s+le tack atta* ! goods ?ree in*es f y\r fir/ tack2 foll[ ?is out to :]e ! puff+ ends1 & !n g back ov] x & op5 ea* loop out nice & r\nd1 tak+ a selvage ea* way1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #dc4 ,! sprays ( flags betwe5 ! columns are made z expla9$ by ,figure #dd2 ! flags = ^! & ! w9d[s ( ! second /ory1 manipulat$ z ,figure #db ,a1 ,b & ,c1 to produce ! full-drap$ effect4 ,illu/ration ,! d\ble drap]y ( alt]nate light & d>k fe/oons bel[ ! second /ory w9d[s are ga!r$ z ,figure #de1 ! h&s ga!r+ d[n f ! top edge till !y meet at ! bottom edge1 z expla9$ = ,figure #cf ,a1 9 *apt] on sc>f drap]ies4 ,! bann]s on ! second & ?ird /ories may be made ( bunt+1 jo9+ ! diff]5t colors toge!r1 or ( cotton1 ) ! colors & patt]ns pa9t$ on !m4 ,! drap]ies on ! ?ird & f\r? /ories are ga!r$ z ,figure #df1 ! h&s ga!r+ ! goods z dott$ l9e1 & meet+ ab\t "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f ! top4 ,) an assi/ant to h&le "o piece ( ! goods1 ! alt]nate effect c be easily produc$ by mak+ fir/ a fe/oon ( "o color !n a fe/oon ( ! o!r color1 cross+ ! goods ea* "t a fe/oon is made4 ,if y desire to use ?ree colors1 /ret* "o1 pref]ably ! light]1 /raight along ! back z a backgr\nd & drape ! o!rs ov] x4 ,! wrea?s & fe/oon+ on ! ?ird /ory are made ( tissue pap] or ( c$> twigs ti$ toge!r1 & are q effective 9 contra/ ) o!r decorations4 ,to secure ! effect illu/rat$ at ! w9d[s ( ?is floor1 ! end ( ! mat]ial is ti$ into a bun* & atta*$ at ! bottom corn] ( ! w9d[ 7,figure #dg71 & !n /ret*$ up & spread along ! top ( ! frame & tack$2 treat ! o!r side ( ! w9d[ ! same1 & f9i% ! top ) an inv]t$ fan4 ,to make ! fan1 all[ ab\t ?ree times z mu* mat]ial z ! wid? ( ! space1 & pleat "o edge into small pleats2 atta* ?is to ! c5tre ( ! top ( ! frame1 & !n c>ry ! two outside bottom corn]s ( ! mat]ial up to ! corn]s ( ! w9d[ frame1 & ga!r ea* into a rosette1 z ,figure #dg ,a4 ,illu/ration ,! drap]y on ! top floor ( ! illu/ration is made z a sc>f drap]y4 ,ga!r ! high po9ts1 all[+ ! h&s to describe two sides ( an equilat]al triangle 7,figure #dh71 & =m ! surplus into rosettes1 ! l[] po9ts ga!r z ,figure #df2 tie 9 position1 =m rosettes & c>ry ! goods on up to ! next po9t1 z illu/rat$4 ,d n tie rosettes :]e ! %ields w be plac$1 b all[ ! goods to fall 9 a deep fe/oon4 ,! %ields or trophies are a quick & effective decoration1 usually made ( %eets ( t9 or heavy c>dbo>d1 m\nt$ on a frame1 z illu/rat$ ,figure #di1 & pa9t$ ) emblematic devices or coats ( arms2 flags are ins]t$ at ! top to =m a spray4 ,! ,v5etian ma/s %[n on ! top ( ! build+ are v l>gely employ$ 9 out-door decorations1 usually 9 ! =m ( a colonnade1 to l9e ! sides ( a /reet or walk1 or to flank ! entrance & approa* ( public build+s dur+ a demon/ration4 ,a quick way to erect !m :5 !y _c be driv5 into ! gr\nd is to /& !m 9 b>rels2 fa/5 !m upright & fill ! b>rels ) s& or /ones4 ,!y may be any height1 & plac$ z f> ap>t z y wi%1 b d n put !m ne>] ?an a ma/ l5g? ap>t to obta9 ! be/ effect4 ,! small triangul> bann]s are susp5d$ f ! ma/ top by ropes atta*$ at ea* corn] ( ! wide end ( ! bann]1 a rod be+ hemm$ 9 ! bann] = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration ,fe/oons ( wrea?+ or small flags & code signal flags may be /rung f ma/ to ma/ ) good effect4 ,! decorator c easily arrange a v>iety ( treatm5ts embody+ "s or all ( ^! ideas1 & by foll[+ out ! ar*itectural sugge/ions ( ea* build+ w obta9 suffici5t v>iety to avoid repetition4 ,illu/ration ,two ?+s are to be c>efully consid]$ 9 decorations ( ?is "*4 ,! dang] ( fire f contact ) electric wires1 & ! *anges :i* may be occasion$ by ! wea!r4 ,to avoid disa/] & disappo9tm5t1 use only fa/ color$ mat]ials1 drive e nail & tie e knot to /ay "u ! /ronge/ w9d4 ,v>i\s s*emes h be5 us$ to keep bunt+ drap]ies f flapp+ 9 ! w9d & lodg+ ^u l$ges or o!r projections1 !reby de/roy+ ! effect ( ! decoration4 ,we h disc>d$ all me?ods ( weight+ or ty+ ! bottom edges1 because ^! me?ods only s]ve to hold ! w9d1 z does a close-haul$ sail1 & increase ! dang] ( te>+ away ! decoration4 ,to prev5t ! drap]y f becom+ dis>rang$1 make %ort fe/oons1 & d n all[ ! top mu* sag4 ,use a d\ble alt]nate drap]y1 & keep x s f> away f projections t x w drop into place aga9 aft] ! gu/ has pass$4 ,y w f9d if x hangs free ) only its own weight to keep x 9 position t ! w9d w to a l>ge ext5t bl[ (f x1 & x w n become unsightly4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,"u ord9>y conditions ! colors r$ & blue us$ ) :ite pres5t a mo/ attractive comb9ation4 ,= special occasions1 h[ev]1 any desir$ colors may be employ$1 be>+ 9 m9d ! relation ( "o color to ! o!r & ! h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,9 diff]5t c\ntries ! relative position ( ! ?ree colors 9 a jo9$ r$-:ite-&-blue bunt+ drap]y is diff]5t 7,figure at head ( page #bf74 ,9 ,great ,brita91 ,ne!rl&s & ,p>aguay r$ has ! place ( honor at ! top2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates blue2 & bo? obs]ve ! old law ( h]aldry t color mu/ be sep>at$ f color by "o ( ! metals--9 ?is case by :ite1 ! emblem ( silv]4 ,:]e two colors only are us$ 9 comb9ation bett] balance is obta9$ by hav+ ! d>k] b& slightly ! n>r[]4 ,z ! object s\ght is brightness1 %>p contra/s give be/ results1 always be>+ 9 m9d ! correct h>mony ( relat$ colors4 ,m\rn+ drap]ies %\ld avoid z f> z possible fussy or frivol\s t5d5cies1 ! fe/oons tak+ on ! appe>ance ( solemn massiv5ess1 & f9i%$ at ea* extremity ) a heavy cascade or tail4 ,black1 ! accept$ emblem ( m\rn+1 is ei!r us$ alone or mix$ ) a small p]c5tage ( :ite 9 unobtrusive places4 ,deep purple1 symbolical ( extreme grief1 is us$ 9 conjunction ) black z ! (ficial emblem ( royal m\rn+4 ,! weight ( ! mat]ials us$ = ext]ior decorations diff]s accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! decorator4 ,we h f\nd our purpose be/ s]v$ by us+ unblea*$ factory cotton ( a fairly heavy weight1 hav+ x specially dy$ to ! colors 9 dem&1 & = :ite us+ a s(t-f9i%$ blea*$ cotton or a %ak] flannel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,,fe/ival ,,de ,,corations ,,"p ,,ii ,:5 ! nation is call$ on to d honor to "o high 9 ! _w's e/eem1 & ,/ate1 corporation or society c(f]s contribute to ! erection ( a triumphal ar*1 ! exp]i5c$ decorator1 supplem5t+ 8 k ) ! advice ( ! c>p5t]1 pla/]] & pa9t]1 w submit plans & specifications1 & w frequ5tly secure ! contract4 ,figure #ej %[s a quadruple ar* plac$ at ! int]section ( two /reets4 ,! frame is built ( heavy timb]s & la!d into ! %ape ( ! ar*es & mold+s4 ,!n two or ?ree heavy coats ( pla/]1 & a smoo?+ la/ coat1 :i* is color$ dead-:ite4 ,! same effect c be produc$ ) blea*$ cotton /ret*$ tight ov] wood5 frames1 ! mold+ be+ cov]$ sep>ately & atta*$ aft]w>ds4 ,electricity is an important decorative feature 9 ne>ly all pres5t-day treatm5ts ( any size1 & s]ves ! two-fold purpose ( decoration & illum9ation4 ,its unque/ion$ supremacy aft] d>k is a temptation to place ! entire decoration 9 ! h&s ( ! electrician4 ,! result ( t is a build+ pleas+ by night1 b by daylight exhibit+ no?+ m attractive ?an a tempor>y wir+ & /ripp+4 ,to produce a satisfactory result ! electrical & fabric decorations %\ld be plann$ toge!r1 s t "o w aid ! o!r4 ,ball & banquet decorations are usually plann$ 9 keep+ ) ! nature ( ! function1 & sugge/ by ! symbols & emblems us$ ! nature ( ! organization "u ^: auspices x is held4 ,figure #ec repres5ts a l>ge hall decorat$ = a ya*t club ball4 ,?is hall is =tunate 9 possess+ a /age & gall]y1 :i* facilitates its decorative arrangem5t4 ,! /age is plann$ to repres5t ! upp] deck & pilot h\se ( a l>ge ya*t1 & is arrang$ = ! use ( ! or*e/ra4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! ya*t's furni%+s is repres5t$1 & ! effect is ( a vessel moor$ b[ on1 at ! end ( ! hall4 ,flank+ ?is1 on ea* side1 are m9iature ligh?\ses1 made ( wood cov]$ ) cotton1 & fitt$ 9 ! upp] *amb] ) electric lights4 ,! ro( ( ! hall is cov]$ 9 ! club colors ( blue & :ite1 s int]wov5 z to =m f\r complete club burgees radiat+ f ! c5trepiece1 :i* is a ,/4 ,&rew's cross1 made on a frame & drawn up into position4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #ef ,fig #ee ,a ,fig #ee ,fig #eh %irr+ ?read %irr+ ?read ,fig #ed ,! cotton =m+ ! ceil+ is fir/ atta*$ to ! c5trepiece & /ret*$ to ! out] edges1 "o or two m5 h&l+ ea* end ( ! goods s t x c be /ret*$ )\t %[+ gaps betwe54 ,:]e !re is mu* ov]head "w1 "t is sav$ by con/ruct+ an upright tre/le aft] ! mann] ( ,figure #ed1 :i* is m\nt$ on l>ge ca/]s1 & c be mov$ ab\t f place to place 9 ! room )\t ! workm5 desc5d+4 ,we h us$ tre/les ( ?is k9d ?irty-five feet high1 eight feet squ>e at ! base & ?ree feet squ>e at ! top1 :i* c\ld be mov$ ab\t q easily4 ,imm$iately bel[ ! ceil+ is a pa9t$ frieze1 repres5t+ primitive & mod]n me?ods ( navigation1 ! figures sket*$ on :ite cotton & heavily %ad[$ to give a relief effect4 ,sep>at+ ! figures are %ields be>+ ! pr9cipal dates & ev5ts 9 ! club's hi/ory4 ,! space betwe5 ! bottom ( ! frieze & ! edge ( ! gall]y ceil+ is cov]$ ) :ite1 ov] :i* are susp5d$ bann]s be>+ ! club emblem & ! names ( ! diff]5t ya*ts1 & 9 addition to ^! a d\ble fe/oon+ ( l>ge :ite cotton rope1 ) an*or p5dants4 ,! pill>s are pleat$ f floor to frieze ) :ite cotton1 :i* spreads fan-%ape above ! electric light bracket2 a %ort bo>d is fa/5$ across ! po/1 j above ! bracket1 & ano!r ( equal l5g? at its base2 ! cotton is tack$ fir/ to ! upp] block & drawn up to ! frieze & tack$ !re4 ,!n comm5c+ at ! upp] block aga9 x is drawn to ! l[] block & secur$4 ,x c be done 9 "o piece1 b is m easily accompli%$ by us+ "o piece = ! fan & ano!r = ! /raight l[] "p4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! pill>s above & bel[ ! gall]y are drap$ ) l>ge tri-color bann]s1 ga!r$ z dott$ l9es1 ,figures #ee & #ee ,a1 & require ab\t two feet ( mat]ial to ea* foot ( space4 ,! bann]s on ! faces ( ! pill>s are susp5d$ f boat-hooks1 ! :ole ?\ght be+ to give ?+s nautical p>ticul> prom95ce4 ,! drap]y on ! front ( ! /age plat=m1 ) ,figure #ef1 illu/rates ano!r me?od ( manipulat+ a sc>f drap]y to secure ! necess>y fullness = ! bottom edge1 & take up ! excess ( ! top edge1 by =m+ a d\ble pleat at ! top & ga!r+ ! mat]ial f ! bottom4 ,?is me?od is equally applicable to any purpose :]e ! fr+e is all on "o edge ( ! mat]ial1 & n rev]s$1 & w be f\nd p>ticul>ly useful ) n>r[ mat]ial4 ,! back & sides ( ! /age may ei!r be pleat$ 9 ) :ite or cov]$ ) m>9e sc5]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #eg ,we illu/rate1 ,figure #eg1 a boo? = exhibition purposes :i* embodies "s ( ! ma9 decorative ideas 9 use4 ,?is is built indep5d5t ( any pill>s or beams ( ! build+ 9 :i* x may be us$1 b frequ5tly a boo? is s situat$ t "p ( ! build+ prop] is incorporat$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,au/rian ,,%ades4 ,,see ,,article 8,,w9d[ ,,%ades ,,& ,,bl9ds0 ,,beg9n+ ,,on ,,page #ci4 ,9 all cases :]e goods are exhibit$ = comm]cial purposes1 ! size1 %ape & appe>ance ( ! mat]ials exhibit$ %\ld guide 9 ! con/ruction ( ! boo?4 ,our illu/ration %[s only "o exposure ( ! boo? :i* is repeat$ on all f\r sides4 ,! corn]s are columns made l ,figures #dj ,a & #dj ,b1 capp$ ) pla/] cr[ns4 ,! ro( is made on a %ap$ frame cov]$ 9 ! same mann] z ! globe ,figure #da4 ,! ar*es are curv$ pieces ( wood cov]$ ) velvet1 & radiat+ f ! corn]s to ! ar*es are spirals ( twi/$ ribbon or color$ crpe tissue pap]4 ,! drap]y illu/rat$ is a simple rev]s$ sc>f drap]y made z expla9$ 9 ! *apt] on sc>f drap]ies4 ,! l[] portion ( ! boo? %[s ?ree me?ods ( panel+4 ,! fir/ "o on ! left is made ( "o piece ( mat]ial ) a circul> piece tak5 out ( ! c5tre4 ,! piece tak5 out is equal to ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! wid? ( ! panel & ! mat]ial ga!r$ & fa/5$ 9 ! c5tre z illu/rat$ by ,figure #eh4 ,aft] t x is /ret*$ into pleats to ! edges4 ,! c5tre panel is a quick & effective me?od ( cov]+ space4 ,! backgr\nd is fir/ cov]$ pla91 !n comm5c+ at ! floor or bottom ( panel+ /ret* ! goods out its full wid? & tack ! end ( x at ,a--,b1 ,figure #eg4 ,tie a small piece ( ! goods loosely ar\nd ?is at :at w be ab\t ! middle :5 x is pull$ up4 ,!n proce$ to /ret* up ! top & tack x along4 ,draw x out to ! same wid? z ! bottom & pull out all ! wr9kles1 s t x pleats nicely ea* way f ! ti$ "p4 ,aft] x is tack$ 9 place adju/ ! ty+ to ! exact middle & proce$ ! same ) ! next "o4 ,to make ! "r h& panel1 alt]nate colors ( mat]ial are bun*$ & tack$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! space & /ret*$ to ! out] edge1 keep+ ! divid+ l9es squ>e & true4 ,! designs & in/ructions t we h giv5 are suffici5t :5 v>i\sly comb9$ & assembl$ = almo/ any decorative requirem5t4 ,! ma9 ?+s to be> 9 m9d are balance or symmetry1 neatness1 & color h>mony2 a prop] consid]ation ( ^! po9ts w result 9 a satisfactory trim4 ,= int]ior "w ! decorator is limit$ only by 8 price 9 8 selection ( mat]ial2 b sometimes ! be/ effects are obta9$ )\t ! use ( m exp5sive fabrics ?an ^? previ\sly m5tion$4 ,next 9 ! ord] ( values are sate51 ca%m]e1 vel\rs1 sat9 & silk1 9 pla9 fabrics1 & ! endless v>iety ( damasks1 brocades1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #ei ,fig #fj ,fig #fa ,fig #fb ,fig #fd ,fig #gj ,fig #gg ,fig #gd ,fig #fi ,fig #ga ,fig #fc ,fig #gf ,fig #fe ,fig #ff ,fig #fh ,fig #fg ,fig #gh ,,elevation ,,detail ,,top ,,edge ,,lace ,,curta9s ,9 ! eyes ( ! h\sewife ! lace curta9s are "o ( ! mo/ important consid]ations 9 ! furni%+ ( ! home1 & until !y are prop]ly 9 place ! h\se does n seem to be settl$4 ,consid]able int]e/ is usually exhibit$ 9 ! matt] ( hang+ !m1 & ! discussion z to ! prop] me?od inv>iably hangs on ! foll[+ qu]ies3 ,%\ld !y come to ! w9d[ sill1 a little bel[ x1 or d[n to ! floor8 ,%\ld !y hang /raight1 be loop$ back1 or caught up ) a rosette8 ,%\ld sa% curta9s1 /ores or panels be us$ next to ! glass8 ,! answ]s to ^! & o!r que/ions w dep5d l>gely on ! ar*itectural position & /yle ( ! w9d[1 ! nature ( ! room & ! purpose = :i* x is to be us$4 ,! "q ( sa% or glass curta9s is usually a matt] ( ta/e1 & 9 ! majority ( cases !y are us$ = outside appe>ance only4 ,! examples ( diff]5t /yles pres5t$ h]e) cov] a fair range ( treatm5ts1 :i* c be easily add$ to or modifi$1 z ! occasion dem&s4 ,sa% curta9s to hang /raight are made z ,curta9 ,a1 ,figure #ei1 & rea* f ! top ( ! w9d[ sa% to nicely cle> ! sill4 ,!y may be %irr$ on a rod or atta*$ to r+s4 ,if ! mat]ial is liable to %r9k :5 laund]$ x is cu/om>y to turn 9 an extra all[ance ( "o or two in*es at ! top 7accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! curta971 to be let d[n :5 requir$4 ,sa% curta9s hang+ /raight1 z ,figure #ei1 r$uce ! app>5t wid? & increase ! height ( ! w9d[1 & %\ld n be us$ on long1 n>r[ w9d[s4 ,if made ( pla9 or dott$ mat]ial !y may be edg$ ) lace or ruffle on ! sides & bottom1 or f9i%$ ) a deep hem1 z ,figure #fg1 ) or )\t an ins]tion4 ,sa% curta9s to loop back1 z ,a1 ,figure #fj1 are made ab\t six in*es long] ?an ! l5g? ( ! w9d[ f top to sill1 ) %r9k+ all[ance add$1 & produce ! opposite effect to /raight curta9s1 seem+ to increase ! wid? & r$uce ! height4 ,!y may be made ( bord]$ goods or ( pla9 or dott$ mat]ial edg$ ) lace or ruffle ( itself4 ,loop$ curta9s give a jaunty1 *e]ful appe>ance to ! ext]ior ( a h\se1 b d n look well on wide1 %ort w9d[s1 unless left widely sep>at$ at ! top4 ,/ores bonne femme1 z illu/rat$1 ,figure #fa1 ,curta9 ,a1 d n mat]ially alt] ! app>5t size ( a w9d[1 & are v effective on l>ge w9d[s4 ,!y are usually made ) scallop$ bottom edge1 trimm$ ) a frill eight or t5 in*es deep1 & edg$ ) lace4 ,= a wide w9d[ ! body ( ! curta9 is sometimes divid$ into panels by r[s ( ins]tion1 in/ead ( hav+ a motif or lace patt]n set into x1 z illu/rat$4 ,! mat]ial us$ is usually a f9e tam9e1 madras or f9e net4 ,!y are hung on a rod fa/5$ to ! top or j inside ! frame 7see ,rod ,e1 ,figure #gh7 s t !y w hang next to ! glass1 z sa% curta9s1 & are usually made to j cle> ! sill 9 l5g? & v slightly full 9 wid?4 ,! upp] "p ( ! w9d[ 9 ,figure #fh is a comb9ation ( ! bonne femme & ,au/rian %ade1 & makes a v effective sa% or glass curta9 = d9+-room1 libr>y or b$room4 ,!y are made 9 ! same mann] z ! ,au/rian %ade expla9$ lat]1 except t !y hang /ation>y1 & d n raise or l[]4 ,! mat]ial may be pla9 or color$ silk1 net1 *allie1 casem5t clo?1 or madras1 ) ins]tion ( any desir$ /yle1 & edg$ ) lace to mat*4 ,9 color$ mat]ials good effects c be obta9$ by us+ a contra/+ color = ! ins]tion4 ,! curta9s on ! l[] sa% are atta*$ to a rod plac$ at ,i1 ,figure #gh1 & are trimm$ to mat* ! curta9s on ! upp] sa%1 !y hang free at ! bottom & j cle> ! sill1 ! ins]tion across ! bottom plac$ high en\gh to %[ cle>ly ?r\gh ! glass f )\t4 ,!y may be us$ 9 conjunction ) ! upp] curta91 z illu/rat$1 or may be us$ alone1 & are usually sewn to r+s1 z ,figures #gj or #gg4 ,lace panels ) motif c5tre1 z ,a1 ,figure #fb1 are q l>gely us$ = clubs1 hotel or in/itution w9d[s1 & 9 _m cases = dwell+s also 7?\gh "s ?9k !m too sev]e = ! latt]74 ,:]ev] us$ !y %\ld be p]fectly proportion$ & %ap$ to fit ! size & %ape ( ! w9d[1 ! design s execut$ t x %all be entirely visible f )\t1 & appe> z a picture fram$ by ! w9d[ sa%4 ,!y are g5]ally made to ord] by apply+ lace ins]tion & motifs to net1 & are atta*$ to ! sa% by rods1 tacks1 or1 :at is /ill bett]1 make a small wood5 frame ( /rips "o-half in* by ?ree-qu>t] in* & wrap x neatly ) cotton ! same color z ! net1 ba/e ! panel to ! cotton & atta* x to ! w9d[ sa% ) small brads4 ,?is frame is only slightly visible ?r\gh ! panel on ! inside & completely hidd5 by ! sa% f ! outside4 ,to atta* a panel to a door :]e ! glass is fram$ by fancy mold+s1 ! small frame is made z above to fit into ! sa% aga9/ ! glass4 ,x is f9i%$ to mat* ! woodwork ( ! door1 & has a groove on ! out] edge to receive a small1 s(t cord1 tack$ or glu$ 9 place1 & project+ suffici5tly to p]mit ! edge ( ! panel to be sewn to x 7see ,figure #fc74 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 measur+ = panels1 z ! effect is completely spoil$ by a misfit4 ,sa% curta9s1 /ores or panels1 :5 prop]ly appli$1 add greatly to ! ext]ior appe>ance ( a h\se1 b %\ld be uni=mly appli$ to all w9d[s visible f ! same qu>t]4 ,= in/ance1 if sa% curta9s are us$ on ! front draw+-room w9d[s1 all ( ! front w9d[s1 f basem5t to attic1 %\ld be treat$ ) "s =m ( sa% curta9s adapt$ to ea* individual space & 9 h>mony ) ! :ole4 ,ne>ly all glass curta9s are provid$ ) a d\ble hem at ! top1 ,figure #fd1 ?r\gh :i* is pass$ a small rod fa/5$ at ea* end to ! /ops or frames ( ! w9d[ 9 su* a mann] t ! sa% w "w freely if rais$ or l[]$4 7,see ,e ,b1 ,figure #gh47 ,9 "s cases x is desirable to apply a peek-a-boo sa% curta9 to ! l[] sa% to r5d] x opaque f )\t & n exclude ! light4 ,?is is accompli%$ by us+ a curta9 ) a d\ble hem at top & bottom & atta*$ 7z illu/rat$ ,a1 ,figure #fe7 s t x raises ) ! sa% & does n t\* ! /op on ei!r side4 7,note ,rods ,i & ,g1 ,figure #gh47 ,! pleats are /ret*$ tightly f top to bottom1 & ! usual all[ance = fullness is twice ! wid? ( ! space to be cov]$1 :i* may v>y accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! mat]ial4 ,illu/ration ,x is natural t ! gr\nd floor w9d[s %\ld be m d5sely dress$ ?an ^? ( ! upp] floors1 n only to imp>t a s5se ( privacy1 b z foll[+ ! g5]al con/ruction ( ord9>y build+s1 ! gr\nd floor w9d[s usually be+ l>g] & m heavily trimm$1 & z ! treatm5t asc5ds f floor to floor p]mit ! curta9s to be less weighty 9 "* & expose a l>g] area ( uncov]$ glass4 ,by lace curta9s we mean t class ( furni%+ famili>ly kn[n to ! trade by t "n & compris+ all ( ! v>i\s /yles ( net & patt]ns4 ,! sizes usually c>ri$ 9 /ock run #b1 #b1 #c1 #c & #d y>ds long1 & v>y 9 wid? f "o to two y>ds4 ,:]e ! decorator has n ! necess>y equipm5t = mak+ special sizes & designs he is compell$ to employ m or less ( ^! ready-made furni%+s4 ,briefly /at$1 ^! = ! mo/ "p consi/ ( pla9 or fancy nets1 scrim or musl9 ) a patt]n ( lace or musl9 appliqud !reon or wov5 9 ) ! net1 & ! edges f9i%$ ) b\nd or ov]lock /it*$ scallops1 a lace1 or a ruffle ( ! same mat]ial4 ,! me?od ( hang+ ^! curta9s dep5ds to a great ext5t on _! surr\nd+s1 & on ! nature1 /yle & use ( ! room 9 :i* !y are us$1 & :ile x is n possible = u to give positive rules t w guide ! decorator 9 e case1 we illu/rate "s ( ! effects t may be produc$ by ! diff]5t me?ods1 & sugge/ _! adaptability to v>i\s requirem5ts4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( special reasons to ! contr>y1 x is a safe rule to hang any /yle ( lace curta9s 9 ! way t w be/ display ! beauty ( ! patt]n or fabric2 ?us a heavily work$ bord] & body patt]n w\ld %[ be/ hang+ /raight1 :ile pla9 bodi$ goods ) a small patt]n w\ld look well ei!r way4 ,sett+ aside = ! mom5t all ?\ght ( ! size & %ape ( ! w9d[1 long curta9s hang+ /raight to ! floor1 z ,figures ,b #fj & ,b & ,c #fg1 appe> to curtail ! floor space1 :ile curta9s loop$ back or caught up ) rosettes1 z #fa1 #fb1 #fe & #ff1 app>5tly increase x1 !re=e 9 small rooms x is usually an advantage to tie up ! curta9s1 & 9 extra l>ge rooms to all[ !m to hang /raight to ! floor1 subject1 ( c\rse1 to o!r consid]ations equally desirable4 ,if sa% curta9s are us$ x is usually a good plan to hang ! long curta9s to be ! opposite ( ! sa% curta9s2 t is1 if ! sa% curta9s hang /raight loop ! long curta9s1 & vice v]sa4 ,9 ?is way ! treatm5t w balance1 & a neutral effect be obta9$1 z ,figures #ei & #fj4 ,be> 9 m9d also 9 ?is connection our =m] /atem5t t long curta9s hang+ /raight r$uce ! wid? & increase ! height ( ! w9d[1 :ile curta9s loop$ or caught up ) a rosette r$uce ! height & increase ! wid?4 ,curta9s rea*+ only to ! sill1 or j bel[ x1 z ,figure #fh1 h a t5d5cy to %ort5 ! w9d[1 & if loop$ or drap$ ?is effect is increas$4 ,sa% curta9s1 /ores1 panels1 or any o!r /yle ( glass curta9s1 are hung ) ! "r side ( ! goods to ! glass1 unless ! w9d[s are s f> remov$ f ord9>y vision t x is impossible to disc]n ! diff]5ce4 ,long lace curta9s are hung ) ! "r side to ! room :]e sa% curta9s are us$1 or ! rev]se way :5 hung alone1 subject to ! above proviso 9 ref]5ce to ! diff]5ce be+ p]ceptible f )\t4 ,we illu/rat$ 9 ,figures #cd ,a & #cd ,b1 *apt] on sc>f drap+1 ! me?od ( ga!r+ back a curta9 = loop+ & = drap+ ) a rosette1 & lace goods are manipulat$ 9 ! same way4 ,to obta9 ! effect illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #fa1 ,curta9 ,b1 atta* ! curta9 at ! top1 all[+ x to be f six to eighte5 in*es long] ?an to ! floor1 hold ! edges ( ! curta9 9 ea* h& & pleat x =w>d & back f ! bottom1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #fi1 until x is pleat$ up to :]e y desire to fa/5 ! loop2 hold ! outside side edge !re & release ! inside edge & x w fall 9 a fan %ape1 z illu/rat$2 ! loop is !n pass$ ar\nd1 ! pleats /ill reta9$1 & ! surplus ( ab\t six in*es above ! ty+ pu%$ back & d[n beh9d ! edge ( ! curta91 z %[n4 ,lace curta9s may be %irr$ on to ! pole or rod by mak+ a d\ble hem at ! top1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #fd1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! two /it*+s ,a & ,b a little less ?an twice ! diamet] ( ! pole1 to all[ = %r9kage4 ,?us1 = a "o-in* pole1 :i* w\ld measure loosely ?ree & "o-eigh? in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 y w\ld require to all[ ab\t "o & sev5-eigh?s in*es betwe5 ,a & ,b1 mak+ ?ree & ?ree-qu>t] in*es ( a pocket = ! pole to pass ?r\gh4 ,a pretty effect is produc$ 7,figure #gj7 by runn+ a tape into a small d\ble hem 7leav+ "o in* = ! head+ & half an in* betwe5 ,a & ,b = ! tape7 & %irr+ ! curta9 to ! wid? ( ! space x is to cov]1 aft] :i* r+s or hooks are sewn to ! back 9 ! position indicat$ by lett] ,a above ,figure #gj4 ,curta9s made ( s(t net or musl91 ) a v small bord] or s(t ruffl$ edge1 look well %irr$1 b ^? hav+ heavy patt]n bord]s look be/ pleat$4 ,:]e x is possible to d s ! top ( ! curta9 to be pleat$ %\ld be turn$ ov] ab\t two in*es 7,figure #ga7 & a tape ab\t "o in* wide sewn along ! back :]e ! p9s w be ins]t$4 ,?is gives /r5g? to ! delicate fabric :]e repeat$ p9n+ is apt to cause its de/ruction4 ,if ?is _c be done1 spread ! curta9 out ^u ! floor or o!r flat surface1 face d[nw>ds1 & turn ov] ab\t six in*es ( ! top1 smoo? ?is d[n nicely & fold x aga9 9 ! middle1 or ?ree in*es f ! top ( ! fir/ fold1 press x flat ) ! h&s & pleat & p9 x :ile 9 ?is position1 ! p9s be+ ins]t$ ab\t two in*es f ! top edge 7,figure #gb74 ,curta9 ,b1 ,figure #fa1 ) ,figure #gc1 %[s a box pleat slightly ga!r$ on a safety curta9-p91 ! fullness be+ tak5 up equally 9 ! pleats4 ,9 curta9 ,b1 ,figure #ei1 ) ,figure #gd1 ! fullness ( ! curta91 in/ead ( be+ pleat$1 is ga!r$ on to ! safety p91 b ?is c only be done ) f9e curta9s4 ,! fullness is equally divid$ among ! p9s1 & ! tops ( ! small pleats are spread into a small fan %ape1 mak+ a da9ty f9i% b5ea? ! pole4 ,! pleat illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #fg ,c & #gg1 is a /raight pleat1 held 9 place by ! curta9 p91 & is mo/ commonly us$ = all purposes4 ,turn ! pleat to ! front edge ( ! curta9 on ! wrong side1 :i* lies upw>ds1 z y p9 x1 & t w make ! pleats turn to ! back edge on ! "u or "r side1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #gb4 ,if a small curta9 ! pleats may be =m$ & ! r+s sewn on z ,figure #gg4 ,lace curta9s hang+ /raight1 z 9 ,figure #fj1 ,curta9 ,b1 %\ld j nicely cle> ! floor1 & to adju/ ?is to a nicety we h f\nd x a good plan to p9 !m s z to cle> ! floor by ab\t two in*es 7n m71 & !n g5tly /ret* !m d[n ?is di/ance4 ,to /ret* !m1 place an outspread h& on ea* side ( ! curta91 &1 press+ ! two palms toge!r1 /ret* g5tly1 a little at a "t1 work+ across ! curta9 f "o side to ! o!r until x is ! requir$ l5g?4 ,?is mu/ be done v c>efully1 & if ! curta9 is n f\nd pliable en\gh to /ret* ! requir$ di/ance p9 x ov] aga91 all[+ x to be long]4 ,curta9s hav+ a di/9ct patt]n1 z figure #gb1 are usually pleat$ z !re indicat$1 )\t any pleats 9 ! bord]1 ! fullness be+ all tak5 up by pleats 9 ! body ( ! curta91 & :]e fabric ov]-curta9s are us$1 z ,curta9 ,c1 ,figure #fg1 ! ov]-curta9 %\ld n be p]mitt$ to cov] ! bord] ( ! lace curta94 ,ov]-curta9s are always bett] on a sep>ate pole1 b may be atta*$ to ! same pole z ! lace curta9s by us+ extra r+s = !m4 ,9 ! elevation detail1 ,figure #gh1 ,rod ,b is = lace curta9s & ,pole ,a = ! ov]-curta9s1 a plan t p]mits ei!r curta9 to be drawn )\t int]f]+ ) ! o!r4 ,ov]-curta9s may be us$ at ! discretion ( ! decorator 9 almo/ any room1 & are p>ticul>ly effective 9 l>ge rooms4 ,!y may hang /raight or loop back1 hav+ ! same effect on ! app>5t size ( ! w9d[ z already expla9$4 ,!y %\ld be long en\gh to j cle> ! floor1 :e!r /raight or loop$ back1 & %\ld cov] ! back edge ( ! lace curta9s4 ,:5 ga!r$ back1 z 9 ,figure #fb1 ! lace curta9 & ov]-curta9 %\ld be loop$ back sep>ately1 ! ov]-curta9 drawn back f> en\gh to %[ a good bord] ( lace d[n ! front edge & across ! bottom4 ,n>r[ w9d[s 9 l>ge rooms may be made to appe> wid] by mak+ ! pole or cornice project at ea* side & pleat+ ! curta9 to cov] "p ( ! wall at ea* side4 ,! pole or cornice %\ld be plac$ high en\gh 9 ?is case to entirely conceal ! top ( ! wood trim1 z 9 ,figure #fg2 b 9 cases :]e x is advisable to %[ ! wood trim at ! top x %\ld be %[n also at ! outside1 z 9 ,figure #fh1 :i* %[s ! trim all ar\nd4 ,ov]-curta9s are pleat$ to ! size z illu/rat$ by ,figure #gb = lace curta9s1 or %irr$ on a tape1 z 9 figure #gj1 & lambrequ9 hooks or r+s sewn on4 ,a l9$ ov]-curta91 if to be pleat$ = p9n+1 is made z ! "r corn] ( ,figure #ge1 ! two mat]ials turn$ 9 & slip /it*$ at ! top & sides & ma*9e /it*$ z indicat$1 ab\t "o & "o-half in*es f ! top ( ! curta94 ,! curta9 is spread out "r side up = p9n+1 ! pleats =m$ & a ,gordon hook p9 7z ,figure #gf7 is pass$ ?r\gh ! pleat betwe5 ! two l9es ( ma*9e /it*+4 ,use ! /raight pleat ( ,figure #gb = ?is purpose1 mak+ z _m z may be necess>y to dispose ( ! fullness4 ,if ! ov]-curta9 is n to be l9$ turn ! top ov] z ! left corn] ( ,figure #ge1 & /it* & p9 z already expla9$4 ,s(t curta9s f9i%$ ) a full ruffle usually look be/ loop$ back1 z ,b1 ,figure #fe1 or if fa/5$ ) a rosette ! edge drawn up ne> ! rosette to give a full sweep to ! ruffle1 z ,figure #ff4 ,if ! curta9 is made ( v f9e or s(t net graceful effects are produc$ by us+ two rods at ,b1 ,figure #gh1 "o a little 9 advance ( ! o!r1 & bo? ! same height2 %irr "o curta9 on ea* rod1 s t :5 ti$ back ! cross$ effect is produc$1 z illu/rat$4 ,a great v>iety ( /yles c be produc$ 9 ei!r cross$ or s+le curta9s by *ang+ ! position ( ! loop or rosette1 & a good way to acquire ! diff]5t /yles is to take a pair ( curta9s & see h[ _m diff]5t effects y c obta9 by ty+ !m at diff]5t heights & by manipulat+ ! fullness 9 diff]5t ways4 ,cross$ curta9s are n effective unless ! curta9 is lacy & s(t en\gh to drape gracefully4 ,heavy patt]n$ curta9s treat$ 9 ?is way d n produce good results4 ,frill$ curta9s1 z ,figure #fe & #ff1 are m p>ticul>ly suitable = b$rooms1 sew+ & sitt+-rooms1 b ) prop] surr\nd+s may be appli$ to "s ( ! heavi] d[n-/airs rooms dur+ ! ,summ] season4 ,frill$ curta9s made up z sa% curta9s are also v effective next to ! glass1 b %\ld be made ( v s(t mat]ial t w drape easily & gracefully4 ,sa% curta9s1 lace curta9s or ov]-curta9s %\ld be pleat$ to ! exact wid? ( ! space !y are to cov]1 suffici5t p9s be+ us$ to dispose ( all ! fullness & hold ! top edge ( ! curta9 f sagg+ betwe5 ea* p94 ,?is may seem a small ?+1 b to ^? accu/om$ to neatness ! sloppy droop ( ! top edge ( a curta9 f p9 to p9 is extremely di/a/eful & w\ld spoil an o!rwise neat arrangem5t4 ,9 hang+ lace curta9s hav+ a prom95t patt]n x does n always foll[ t ! same di/ance turn$ d[n at ! top ( ea* "o w br+ ! patt]ns 9 l9e1 & x is well to spread !m 9 pairs side by side & mat* ! patt]n1 s t :5 hung ! patt]n w be p]fectly true & n zig-zag all ! way up ! two middle edges4 ,we h giv5 ! simpl] =ms ( p9n+ & ty+1 :i* may be easily ma/]$ by practice4 ,num]\s o!r =ms w sugge/ !mselves1 & a prop] consid]ation ( ! effect to be produc$ w result 9 ! selection ( ! /yle mo/ suit$ to ea* requirem5t4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xiv ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xv ,,w9d[ ,,%ades ,,& ,,bl9ds ,,"p ,i4 ,mod]n decorative ?\ght has be5 direct$ to almo/ e article 9 ! equipm5t ( a h\se ) m or less arti/ic result2 b ) few exceptions ! articles on ! m>ket = ! purpose ( exclud+ ! sun or %utt+ out ! vision h be5 pla9 & ord9>y 9 ! extreme1 despite ! fact t ! treatm5t ( ! w9d[s z pres5t$ to view f ! ext]ior has mu* to d ) ! g5]al appe>ance ( a h\se4 ,f ! day :5 ! h\sewife made h] own %ades out ( gre5 pap] or :ite cotton up to ! pres5t1 ! *ief requirem5ts seem to h be5 opacity & ! faculty ( be+ easily roll$1 fold$1 or 9 "s way put easily out ( sight :5 n 9 use4 ,"o ( ! olde/ me?ods1 /ill recomm5d$ & manufactur$ = ?is purpose1 is ! roll+ %ade1 made ( ?9 slats ( wood1 lac$ toge!r ) tw9e to =m a flat flexible curta9 or %ade1 roll$ f ! bottom by means ( a cord pass$ ov] a pulley4 ,= public in/itutions1 (fices or v]&as1 :]e usefulness & effici5cy may be desir$ m ?an decorative value1 !y s]ve ! purpose v well2 b x c nev] be claim$ t !y t5d to beautify ! room 9 :i* !y are us$4 ,! tilt+ slat bl9d1 :i* ga!rs f ! bottom1 & tilts ) a t\* ( ! h& z a *ild's ,jacob's ladd]1 is also us$ = ! same purpose1 ) ! same limitations4 ,! slid+ or fold+ inside %utt]1 illu/rat$ 9 figures #gi & #hj1 came ne> to accompli%+ ! purpose1 b _h su* a knack ( gett+ out ( ord]1 & pres5t$ su* a jail-l1 un9habit$ appe>ance1 t !y1 too1 h be5 almo/ altoge!r disc>d$4 ,9 r>e cases we f9d !m /ill 9 use1 & :]e adv]se criticism w\ld n be well receiv$ x is be/ = ! decorator to adju/ 8 s*emes s z to include !m1 &1 if possible1 hide _! unsightl9ess4 ,figures #gi & #hj illu/rate h[ ?is may be accompli%$ by us+ a lace-trimm$ %ade betwe5 !m & ! glass1 :ile sa% curta9s ( almo/ any k9d are equally effective = outside appe>ance4 ,:]e ! %utt]s are s con/ruct$ t !y op5 into ! room1 z ,figure #gi1 ! curta9 pole mu/ be project$ =w>d f ! frame a suffici5t di/ance to all[ ! %utt] to sw+ cle> ( ! curta9 )\t int]f]+1 & if ! curta9 is loop$ or caught up ) a rosette at ! side1 ! po9t :]e x is ti$ mu/ be project$ =w>d 9 a simil> mann]4 ,^! bl9ds1 s f> z _! manufacture & in/allation are conc]n$1 re/ p]haps m ) ! c>p5t] ?an ) ! decorator1 & w1 !re=e1 int]e/ him little except z to _! aft] treatm5t4 ,! roll+ %ade1 made ( pa9t$ cotton or glaz$ l951 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #gi1 is p]haps mo/ commonly kn[n ( all exp$i5ts = seclusion & sun protection1 & ! ease ) :i* ^! %ades c be made to ord] 9 any size is s well kn[n t ne>ly e uphol/]y %op is equipp$ ) a cutt+ table & ! necess>y mat]ial = _! manufacture4 ,! table illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ha w be f\nd to possess a comb9ation ( _m good po9ts 9 cutt+ tables = ?is purpose1 al?\gh "o less elaborately plann$ & con/ruct$ may s]ve = a small %ade-ord] bus9ess4 ,! top is made ( cle> :ite wood1 & is six feet wide by twelve feet long4 ,at "o end is a half r\nd1 tr\gh-l receptacle1 ! bottom ( x compos$ ( two-in* roll]s ) p9 heads 7see ,figure #ha ,a = detail72 ^! re/ 9 iron brackets1 & revolve :5 necess>y ) ! action ( roll+ or unroll+ %ade clo?4 ,a flat /eel plate ab\t "o in* wide & a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick 7or slightly ?9n] if m conv5i5t7 is fa/5$ to "o edge ( ! table to =m a solid /raight-cutt+ edge4 ,x %\ld be all 9 "o piece & free f any irregul>ities1 & a simil> plate is fa/5$ to ! end on :i* ! bracket is atta*$4 ,saw-cuts ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* deep run across ! table1 p]fectly true & at "r angles to ! side ( ! table1 divid+ x into feet f end to end4 ,at ! bracket end1 & includ$ 9 ! fir/ twelve in*es1 a six-in* /rip ( h>dwood is let into ! top1 flu% ) ! re/1 & has saw-cuts 7z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ha ,a7 "o-half in*1 two & a half in*es1 ?ree in*es1 ?ree & a half1 f\r & f\r & a half in*es f ! outside edges ( ! /eel plate4 ,^! are scor+ l9es = m>k+ ! hems1 & %\ld be half an in* deep & ab\t "o-eigh? in* wide4 ,! cuts m>k$ "o to elev5 are fill$ 9 smoo?ly ) d>k putty1 & are = measur+ purposes1 :ile cuts ,a to ,f are cut ) a f9e-too? saw & left z cut4 ,9 addition to ! l9es e twelve in*es x is necess>y to h ! in*es betwe5 ^! spaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #gi ,fig #hj ,fig #hj ,a ,fig #ha ,fig #ha ,a ,,end ( ,,table "r h& ( above ,fig #ic #ic ,a ,fig #hb ,fig #hc ,fig #hd ,fig #he ,fig #hc ,fig #hf ,fig #hg ,fig #hh ,fig #hi ,,%ade ,,knife ,fig #if ,fig #ij ,fig #ib ,fig #ia ,fig #ih ,fig #ii ,fig #id ,fig #if ,a ,fig #if ,b ,a conv5i5t way ( provid+ ^! is a flat /eel rule ab\t "o-eigh? in* ?ick1 ?ree in*es wide & eighte5 in*es long1 m>k$ ) in*es f "o to twelve1 & ) a small button at ! end = conv5i5ce 9 mov+ x4 ,?is w be heavy en\gh to lie :]e plac$1 & by plac+ x at ! side ( ! table betwe5 ! l9es1 z 9 ,figure #hb1 ! measurem5t ( a piece ( clo? c be accurately gaug$4 ,! o!r sections ( ! table & _! purposes c be readily und]/ood f ! illu/ration1 ! %elves be+ us$ = roll]s1 draw]s "o1 two1 ?ree & f\r = %ade h>dw>e & accessories1 & draw] five = tools4 ,! tr\gh at ! "r end ( ,figure #hb is made s z to slide 9 out ( ! way :5 n requir$1 & is us$ :5 cutt+ ! ends (f roll]s4 ,x is m>k$ 9 in*es along its entire l5g?1 & ! cutt+ end is fac$ ) metal1 or has a true saw-cut a %ort di/ance back z a guide = ! saw4 ,9 ! latt] case x %\ld be made ( h>dwood1 & ! saw-tee? %\ld h v little set4 ,! table %\ld be plac$ s t ! op]ator faces ! light1 & 8 /ock ( mat]ials %\ld be z conv5i5t z possible to ! cutt+ table4 ,hav+ gaug$ ! l5g? ( ! %ade ) ! small /eel rule1 z ,figure #hb1 place ! roll ( clo? ) ! end ( ! mat]ial re/+ at ! m>k4 ,weight x ) a small weight & unroll ! clo? until ! roll rea*es ! receptacle at ! end2 a t\* ( ! h& w tight5 ! slack by revolv+ ! roll2 adju/ x ev5ly & run ! knife along ! /eel edge1 sev]+ ! piece f ! roll4 ,if m ?an "o %ade ( ! same l5g? are to be cut f ! same roll1 all[ ?is l5g? to lie z cut & unroll ov] x z _m m pieces z y ne$1 cutt+ ea* "o z y get ! clo? adju/$ ev5ly4 ,:5 ! l5g?s are all cut1 if c>e has be5 tak5 to h ! clo? runn+ true ) ! edges ( ! table1 ! cut ends w h be5 trimm$ squ>e by ! action ( sev]+ !m f ! roll4 ,adju/ ! edges ne>e/ ! cutt+ side ( ! table s t !y lie ev5 & project ab\t a half in* ov] ! edge ( ! table1 z ,figure #hb1 & ! cut ends ly+ true & ev5 ) ! table end1 ! clo? is securely weight$ at ea* end & ! project+ edges trimm$ true by runn+ ! knife along ! cutt+ guide1 z illu/rat$4 ,illu/ration ,! knife %\ld be held p]fectly true ) ! flat ( ! /eel edge1 all[+ no play sideways1 & ) ! h&le slightly slant+ t[>d ! %\ld] ( ! op]ator 7,figure #hb74 ,:ile ! weights are /ill 9 position measure ) a six-foot rule ! wid? ! clo? is to be cut1 measur+ f ! trimm$ edge1 & m>k x at ea* end z x x 7,figure #hb74 ,n[ remove ! weights1 & )\t all[+ ! trimm$ edges to %ift1 *ange ! clo? end = end on ! table1 br++ ! p5cil m>ks at ea* end directly above ! side cutt+ edge ( ! table1 & ) ! ends ( ! clo? project+ suffici5tly beyond ! end cutt+ edge2 weight z be=e1 & trim ! surplus (f end & side4 ,x is m difficult to trim a numb] ( pieces ?an to trim "o1 b ) a little practice x c be done q easily & consid]able "t sav$ !reby4 ,z ! clo? n[ lies x %\ld be ev5 ) ! /eel edges at end & side1 ! left h& ends ly+ ov] ! scor+ l9es1 & z !y lie "o or m may be scor$ at once1 accord+ to ! weight ( ! clo?4 ,roll back ! re/ a suffici5t di/ance1 & hold+ ! r\nd$ corn] ( ! back ( ! knife 9 ! position indicat$ by ,figure #hc1 draw x across ! fir/ score l9e ,a2 d n be> too heavy on ! knife1 b make suffici5t ind5tation s t x c be fold$ ov] )\t tr\ble4 ,if ! %ade is to h ! regulation two-in* hem score also at ! second l9e ,b1 if = a two & a half-in* hem score ,a & ,c1 = ?ree-in* ,a & ,d1 & s on accord+ to ! wid? y desire to make ! hem4 ,all ord9>y %ades h a two-in* hem1 b special cases require a v>iation f ! rule4 ,fold ! hem ov] z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #hd1 & press x flat ) ! side ( ! knife2 x is !n ready = /it*+4 ,:ile almo/ any sew+ ma*9e w /it* a w9d[ %ade1 p]fect results are only obta9$ by us+ a special %ade-/it*+ ma*9e4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 /it*+ ! hem s t x does n slide or puck]1 b lies flat & ev51 ) ! l9e ( ! /it*+ z /raight z possible4 ,if lace is to be appli$ to ! bottom ( ! %ade1 z ,figure #gi1 ! knife is run ov] ! bottom ( ! hem aft] /it*+ x to press x flat1 & !n pass$ ?r\gh x1 z ,figure #he1 & ! lace ins]t$ betwe5 ! edges & /it*$1 z ,figure #hf4 ,illu/ration ,if ins]tion is us$ )\t lace1 z ,figure #hg1 ! top edge ( ! ins]tion is plac$ betwe5 ! cut op5 edges ( ! hem1 z above describ$ = lace1 & a sep>ate hem 7,a--,a1 ,figure #hg7 scor$1 fold$ & sewn on1 z illu/rat$4 ,if bo? lace & ins]tion are to be appli$ ! bottom ( ! sep>ate hem 7,a1 ,figure #hg7 is split & ! lace ins]t$ & sewn 91 z above4 ,?is sep>ate hem is made ! same wid? z ! ord9>y hem = %ades1 b ne$ n h ! little turn 9 indicat$ by arr[ 9 ,figure #hd4 ,:5 cutt+ lace or ins]tion measure x s t ! patt]n w balance nicely1 & if bo? lace & ins]tion are us$ be c>eful to h ! patt]n ( ! ins]tion 9 l9e ) ! lace4 ,aft] ^! trimm+s h be5 cut ! size ( ! %ades1 ! cut ends are b\nd by sew+ !m betwe5 ! edges ( a piece ( ! same clo? z ! %ades1 say half an in* wide1 fold$ 9 ! middle1 & = conv5i5ce a numb] ( ! ends c be /it*$ into ! same piece ( b9d+1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #hh1 & aft]w>ds sep>at$ by cutt+ ! b9d+4 ,motif patt]ns1 z ,figure #ij1 are appli$ to ! %ade by a d\ble r[ ( /it*+1 ab\t "o-qu>t] ( an in* ap>t1 all ar\nd ! outside edge ( ! motif1 aft] :i* ! clo? is c>efully cut away f ! back1 j bel[ ! /it*es & foll[+ ! outl9e4 ,%\ld ! patt]n prove too l>ge to "w b5ea? ! arm ( ! sew+ ma*9e1 p9 x c>efully 9 place on ! %ade & sew x on by h&1 pass+ ! ne$le d[n & back z neatly z possible4 ,?is is a t$i\s job1 & %\ld only be resort$ to :5 no o!r way seems possible4 ,applique lace edges1 z ,figure #ia1 are sewn on 9 ! same mann]1 & ! clo? cut away f ! scallops beh9d4 ,! %ade illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #hj is a comb9ation ( ! bonne femme & motif %ade1 & is con/ruct$ l ! =ego+ ,figure #ia1 hav+ 9 addition a frill eight or t5 in*es deep1 compos$ ( tam9e1 madras1 mull1 musl9 or net1 & trimm$ ) a lace4 ,?is is appli$ to ! scallop$ edge ( ! motif1 & has usually an all[ance ( z mu* aga9 = fullness 7two feet ( un%irr$ frill+ to "o foot ( space71 or if v f9e a little m4 ,:5 apply+ ! %irr$ frill to ! scallops1 h ! greate/ fullness betwe5 ! po9ts ,b & ,c 7,figure #hj ,a71 & decrease ! fullness f ,b to ,a1 = z ! mat]ial foll[s ! curve up into ! angle at po9t ,a1 x w be f\nd t ! bottom edge ( ! frill becomes m full accord+ to ! elevation ( po9t ,a above po9t ,c4 ,lace motif & scallop$ bottom %ades may be made ) a hem & slat1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #hj1 or ! slat may be disp5s$ ) & ! %ade op]at$ by a cord :i* passes ?r\gh a screw eye at ,a 7,figure #ij71 & w9ds ar\nd ! roll]1 :i* is left long en\gh = ! purpose4 ,! cord is w\nd ar\nd ! roll] ! same numb] ( times z ! %ade & atta*$ by a fair-siz$ tack4 ,! roll] ne$ n be provid$ ) a spool unless ! %ade is extra long1 z ! screw eye at ,a w guide ! w9d+ & conf9e x to a small space4 ,figure #ij %[s ! cord & ball pull atta*$ to ! left end ( ! roll]2 b ! tack :i* fa/5s ! cord w\ld be likely to p5etrate to ! spr+ on t side1 & x w\ld be be/ to atta* x to ! "r end ( ! roll]4 ,! %ade is op]at$ by pull+ ! cord1 & works ! same z ) ! tassel 9 ! regul> way1 z ,figure #ib4 ,illu/ration ,,w9d[ ,,%ades ,,& ,,bl9ds ,,"p ,,ii4 ,all o!r %ades except ! previ\sly m5tion$ /yles are provid$ ) a slat to :i* is atta*$ a screw-eye & tassel1 z illu/rat$4 ,always atta* ! tassel above ! ins]tion on ins]tion %ades1 z ,figure #gi & ,x1 ,figure #hg1 z ! /ra9 ( pull+ ! %ade w /ret* ! ins]tion out ( %ape if fa/5$ bel[4 7,see diagram on page #dj47 ,! clo? is n hemm$ at ! sides1 b left z trimm$1 & ! top is tack$ on to ! roll] 9 a /raight l9e1 z ,figure #ic4 ,mo/ %ade roll]s h a l9e drawn ! l5g? ( ! roll] z a guide = ! %ade clo?1 & "o-ounce tacks are us$ to tack x to ! roll]4 ,sev]al k9ds ( clips or clasps are also us$1 b ! tacks are mo/ popul>4 ,/&>d sizes ( %ade roll]s 9 bo? wood & t9 are gu>ante$ by ! mak]s to c>ry ord9>y clo? up to a c]ta9 size = ea* roll]1 b x is safe to und]e/imate _! assurance by a little r ?an "w up to ! limit4 ,! roll] is cut to be "o & a-half in*es long] ov] all ?an ! wid? ( ! clo?1 & is m\nt$ to all[ ! same play at ea* side1 ?\gh 9 special cases ?is rule may be dep>t$ f1 & a small] all[ance = play w sometimes "w q freely if hung p]fectly true4 ,x is cu/om>y to all[ only "o in* diff]5ce betwe5 clo? & roll] = inside brackets1 z !y are usually made n>r[] ?an ^? = outside brackets1 &1 ! bracket be+ mu* small]1 !y "w freely ) ! small] all[ance4 ,d>k-color$ %ades are mo/ opaque1 b light-color$ %ades give a m *e]ful appe>ance to ! ext]ior ( a h\se4 ,comb9ation-color$ %ades are frequ5tly us$2 light on ! outside to ! glass & d>k on ! inside to ! room4 ,?is gives ! necess>y d5sity & pres]ves ! *e]ful ext]ior ( light-color$ %ades4 ,9 mak+ comb9ation %ades ! bottom hem is cut (f1 rev]s$1 & sewn on z illu/rat$ by ,figure #hi4 ,! *ief objection to comb9ation-color$ %ades is ! fact t ! d>k color is expos$ to view 9 ! room :5ev] ! %ade is pull$ d[n1 & ! w9d[ _c be at all obscur$ )\t ?is feature4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig ,p]haps ! be/ plan = correctly %ad+ & obscur+ a w9d[ is to use d\ble %ades1 z illu/rat$ by ,figure #ij2 ! out] %ade next to ! glass made ( a light-color$ mat]ial1 :i* may be ornam5t$ & decorat$ 9 any desir$ mann]4 ,?is may be fa/5$ to ! w9d[ /op z at ,a1 ,figure #gi1 ) inside brackets1 or at ,c1 ,figure #ij1 ) outside brackets4 ,if plac$ on ! /op at ,a1 ,figure #gi1 a pla9 %ade ( d>k gre5 or o!r opaque color is plac$ on ! frame at ,c-,c1 ,figure #ij1 & is made wide en\gh to effectually %ut out all sunlight at ! sides4 ,if ! light %ade is plac$ on ! frame at ,c-,c1 z ,figure #ij1 ! d>k %ade is plac$ j b5ea? x at ,d-,d1 & is made ab\t two in*es wid] ?an ! light %ade1 s t ! clo? ( ! light %ade passes freely betwe5 ! brackets at ,d-,d & does n int]f]e ) ! d>k %ade4 ,! advantage ( ?is plan is t ! light %ade may be us$ all ! "t & is decorative f bo? sides1 :ile ! d>k %ade is only us$ :5 ne$$1 & :5 n 9 use is only a small d>k roll at ! top ( ! w9d[1 :]e x is n objectionable4 ,! d>k %ade mu/ be provid$ ) a small cord or *a9 rea*+ d[n a conv5i5t di/ance :5 ! %ade is completely roll$ up at ! top4 ,roll] %ades are hung p]fectly level & squ>e1 no,fig4 #ie matt] h[ mu* ! w9d[ may be out ( true1 z !y w only "w satisfactorily :5 s hung4 ,! two diff]5t k9ds ( brackets us$ are illu/rat$ by ,figures #ic1 outside brackets1 & #ic ,a1 inside brackets--outside mean+ on ! face or room side ( ! w9d[ frame & project+ t[>d ! room2 inside mean+ "s portion ( ! woodwork fac+ to ! c5tre ( ! w9d[ 7see diagram #id74 ,wood roll]s are made ) two slots or not*es 9 ! spr+-po/1 9 :i* ! pawls drop :5 sl[ly revolv+1 & z !y are on opposite sides ( ! roll]1 x is immat]ial :i* side is upp]mo/ z x lies 9 ! bracket4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie ,mo/ t9 roll]s1 h[ev]1 h only "o slot1 & if dropp$ into ! bracket ) ! slot d[n1 ! pawl1 :i* dep5ds on its weight = its action1 w n come 9 contact ) ! slot1 & ! %ade w n rema9 d[n :5 unroll$4 ,%\ld y accid5tally place a %ade 9 ! brackets ?us wrong side up1 unroll x altoge!r & pu% a small wire or /\t p9 ?r\gh ! hole y w f9d pun*$ ?r\gh ! roll] directly beh9d "o ( ! pawls & =ce ! pawl up into ! slot1 :5 ! t5sion ( ! spr+ w hold x 9 place s t x c be tak5 out & put 9 prop]ly4 ,x is sometimes necess>y to run %ades f ! bottom ( ! w9d[ in/ead ( ! top1 z 9 ! case ( a #aj ind-top w9d[ 7,figure #ie71 or :5 ! object is obscurity )\t exclud+ necess>y light1 z 9 "s (fice w9d[s4 ,?is is accompli%$ by plac+ ! brackets at ! bottom ( ! w9d[1 z illu/rat$ by ,figure #ie1 ! slot bracket to ! "r1 plac$ upright on ! sill1 & a small nail ins]t$ 9 ! little holes f\nd ne> ! edge ( ! op5+1 to prev5t ! roll] f leav+ ! bracket4 ,/op ! action ( ! pawls aft] ! %ade is adju/$ by a clip made = ! purpose 7squeez+ soap 9 beh9d !m answ]s v well71 s t all ! t5sion ( ! spr+ is ex]t$ on ! clo? & on ! cord1 :i* passes ov] a pulley at ! top ( ! w9d[4 ,?is pulley may be an ord9>y pulley & ! cord atta*$ to a small cleat at ! side ( ! frame to hold ! %ade ! requir$ di/ance1 or an ecc5tric /op-pulley may be us$1 :i* b9ds ! cord at ! w ( ! op]ator1 ! latt] be+ ! m conv5i5t me?od4 ,r\nd-top %ades are provid$ ) extra slats at v>i\s di/ances1 z illu/rat$ by ,figure #ie1 :i* prev5t ! edges ( ! %ade f flapp+ z !y might unless s support$4 ,^! slats are p]fectly flat1 made ( cle> wood ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick & "o in* wide1 or l>g]1 accord+ to ! /r5g? requir$1 &1 be+ flat1 !y readily roll up ) ! %ade4 ,! slat us$ 9 ! bottom ( %ades is usually made w$ge %ape1 z ,figure #ib1 & possesses m /r5g? ?an ! p]fectly flat slat4 ,z we h already /at$1 roll] %ades are usually made ( pa9t$ clo? or glaz$ holl&1 & :ile = ye>s !y h be51 ) few exceptions1 pla9 & undecorat$ z to ! fabric itself1 we are pleas$ to note rec5t ef=ts on ! "p ( manufactur]s to produce some?+ m di/9ctive & arti/ic1 %ade holl& n[ be+ produc$ 9 delightful damask effects 9 a v>iety ( weaves & colors1 :ile ! pa9t$ goods are also be+ made to ord] 9 beautiful h&-decorat$ patt]ns ( arti/ic m]it4 ,! ,au/rian %ade illu/rat$ by ,figures #if & #if ,a is a v pretty & effective me?od ( diffus+ & s(t5+ ! gl>e ( ! sun )\t exclud+ ! light4 ,!y may be made ( a great v>iety ( fabrics1 includ+ *allie1 casem5t clo?1 pla9 & brocad$ silk1 silk or wool damask1 madras1 net1 or o!r s(t mat]ial ( suffici5t /r5g? & fa/ color to )/& ! sun1 & are a v effective comb9ation ( %ade & sa% curta94 ,!y are simple ( con/ruction1 b mu/ be accurately & neatly made to insure satisfaction4 ,hav+ secur$ ! size ( ! w9d[ & det]m9$ ! space ! %ade is to cov]1 ! goods are jo9$ up to ! requir$ size1 all[+ a ?ird ( ! space 7f\r in*es to ! foot7 ea* way extra = fullness1 ) ab\t ?ree in*es all[$ 9 addition = d\ble hem at ! top & also = a s+le hem on ea* side4 ,calculate s t ! seams w come on "o ( ! %irr+s ea* "t :5 jo9+ = ! wid?1 z !y w n %[ !re & are v unsightly any:]e else4 ,! mat]ial1 :5 ready1 is spread flat on ! table1 z ,figure #ig1 & ! wid? divid$ into ! requisite numb] ( panels & m>k$ 9 /raight l9es = %irr+4 ,turn ! d\ble hem at ! top = ! rod1 & a s+le hem on ea* side ( "o or "o & a-half in*es4 ,ba/e ^! hems & sew !m4 ,!n spread ! mat]ial on ! table aga91 z illu/rat$1 & ) a /\t ?read ga!r ea* %irr+ l9e into ! requir$ l5g?1 fa/5 ea* end ( ! ?read to ! table ) tacks z y ga!r !m1 & :5 all ga!r$ g ov] ea* "o & adju/ ! fullness until x is nicely di/ribut$ ! l5g? ( ! curta94 ,leave ! l[] "o-?ird ( ! curta9 slightly less full ?an ! upp] two-?irds1 = :5 9 place x is g5]ally left fa/5$ ab\t half way up ! w9d[1 & if ?is is done1 ! l[] end1 :i* is all pleat$ on ! /r+s1 does n look s mu* m full ?an ! upp] portion1 :i* is hang+ z %irr$4 ,cut /rips ( pap] "o in* wide & z long z ! %irr+-?read & p9 !m along ea* %irr+1 ! p9s suffici5tly close to hold ! fullness 9 place4 ,:5 all p9n$ 9 place1 ! tacks are drawn & ! curta9 turn$ pap] side d[n & run ?r\gh ! ma*9e 7! pap] is us$ to prev5t ! ma*9e fe$ f di/urb+ ! fullness71 us+ ! ?read z ! l9e = /it*+4 ,! pap] is !n torn away & ! %irr+s run ?r\gh ! ma*9e a second "t = safety if v /ret*y mat]ial is us$4 ,spread x out on ! table once m1 face side d[n1 & on ! back ( ! %irr+s ba/e a qu>t]-in* baby ribbon or tape to mat* ! goods1 & /it* ?is also4 ,sew small brass r+s to ^! tapes1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #if1 ab\t six in*es ap>t1 along ! full l5g? ( ea* tape or ribbon4 ,%irr ! d\ble hem at ! top to ! requir$ l5g? & /it* a tape to x also1 to keep ! panels equally divid$1 & trim ! bottom ) a fr+e4 ,! bottom ( ! %ade ne$ n be scallop$ unless ! mat]ial is heavy1 z ! act ( %irr+ x l5g?wise & across =ces ! fullness to take t %ape4 ,! bottoms ( ! %irr+s are weight$ to keep ! l9es p]p5dicul>4 ,?is is accompli%$ ei!r by a small rod cov]$ ) ! mat]ial1 z left ( ,figure #if ,a1 or by small bags ( %ot cov]$ ) ! mat]ial & atta*$ to ! bottom ( ea* %irr+4 ,! rod1 :ile n s unobtrusive z ! bags1 has ! advantage ( keep+ ! bottom spread full wid?1 sep>ate weights hav+ a t5d5cy to sw+ t[>d ! c5tre4 ,! %ade is drawn up & l[]$ by means ( cords pass$ ?r\gh screw-eyes at ! top ( ! w9d[1 d[n ?r\gh ! brass r+s & atta*$ to ! bottom weights4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! screw-eyes at ! top !y are l$ to a pulley at ! side1 z indicat$ by ,figure #if1 & all adju/$ to draw ev5ly1 fa/5$ toge!r & atta*$ to a cleat4 ,!y may also be manipulat$ by atta*+ ! cords to a %ade roll] aft] !y pass ?r\gh ! screw-eyes4 ,! roll] is provid$ ) spools ei!r turn$ up 9 wood or made by tack+ a ridge ( lea!r ar\nd ! roll]1 all[+ a spool-l space betwe51 & ! cords are w\nd sev]al times ar\nd ^!1 :ile ! %ade hangs full l5g?2 ! free bottom ends are !n atta*$ to ! weights1 z be=e expla9$1 & ! :ole manipulat$ by ! free cord at ! end 7,x1 ,figure #if ,b71 z expla9$ = rais+ & l[]+ ! %ade illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ij4 ,if ! roll] is swell$ t[>d ! c5tre by wrapp+ ) lea!r or by us+ graduat$ spools1 z ,figures #ih & #if ,b1 ! %ade w draw up 9 an ar*+ %ape1 z indicat$ by dott$ l9es 9 ,figure #if ,a1 ! l>g] spools 9 ! c5tre consum+ m cord ea* revolution ?an ! small] ones at ! ends1 & h5ce draw+ ! curta9 up fa/] 9 ! c5tre1 produc+ ! ar*$ effect4 ,if ! cords are m\nt$ on a pla9 roll] )\t spr+-w9d+ atta*m5t1 z ,figure #ii1 ! manipulat+ cord is w\nd on x ! rev]se way1 & is all w\nd on :5 ! %ade is d[n1 s t pull+ on x causes ! roll] to revolve1 w9d+ up ! o!r cords1 &1 releas+ x1 all[s ! weight ( ! %ade to unw9d ! roll] & causes ! %ade to desc5d4 ,9 measur+ = %ades1 "s decorators measure = ! clo? only & h ! roll]s cut & m\nt$ accord+ly1 ei!r at ! h\se or 9 ! %op4 ,we h f\nd x be/ to measure = ! roll]s by select+ ! mo/ conv5i5t place = ! bracket & mak+ ! clo? to fit ! roll]s4 ,figure #id illu/rates a mod]n w9d[ trim1 %[+ by crosses ! mo/ conv5i5t places = plac+ %ade brackets1 ^? enclos$ 9 circles repres5t+ inside brackets & ! pla9 crosses outside brackets4 ,! illu/ration ( a w9d['s elevation1 ,figure #gh 9 ! *apt] on sa% curta9s1 also %[s ! positions ( d\ble %ades on ! face ( ! w9d[ frame--,c1 ! roll] ( ! light %ade1 & ,h ! bottom ( ! %ade1 & ,d ! roll] ( ! d>k %ade1 ) ,f ! bottom ( ! %ade4 ,always measure = %ades ) a rule1 z tape-l9es are unreliable1 & put d[n ! measurem5t accurately 9 feet & in*es1 be+ c>eful to make a decid$ /roke or dot betwe5 ! feet & in*es1 z #b #b--f #i--j means two %ades two feet six in*es wide by n9e feet long1 & ! oblit]ation ( ! /rokes betwe5 va/ly alt]s ! sizes4 ,if !re is any?+ peculi> ab\t ! w9d[s t %\ld be not$ 9 _! manufacture1 jot x d[n also1 leav+ no?+ to memory4 ,9 measur+ ! l5g?1 all[ ab\t "o foot extra = a c\ple ( laps ar\nd ! roll] :5 ! %ade is all pull$ d[n4 ,au/rian %ades ne$ no extra l5g?1 b %\ld j cle> ! sill :5 d[n full l5g?4 ,%ades runn+ horizontally1 z across ! bottom ( a skylight1 are treat$ exactly ! same z expla9$ = ,figure #ie1 & if v l>ge1 /ret* a numb] ( wires l5g?ways b5ea? ! %ade to help support x4 ,put up %ade brackets ) ! slot or op5 bracket to ! left side ( ! w9d[ & ! hole or clos$ bracket to ! "r1 leav+ a little play betwe5 ! brackets & ! roll]4 ,place ! %ade 9 ! brackets & pull x d[n full l5g?4 ,if ! spr+ is too weak to c>ry x up sm>tly1 take x out ( ! brackets & roll x p>tly up1 replace x 9 ! brackets & try x aga94 ,if /ill too weak1 take x out & roll up a little high]4 ,if ! spr+ is too /rong or w n all[ ! %ade to come d[n full l5g?1 take x out ( ! brackets :5 roll$ up & unroll x a little4 ,d ?is until ! roll] w c>ry ! %ade sm>tly )\t too mu* t5sion1 & if y f9d ! roll] is n /rong en\gh x is always bett] to replace x ) a heavi] "o be=e ! cu/om] makes a compla9t4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,ar*ways ,,& ,,alcoves ,fig #ajc ,fig #ajj ,fig #ajj ,c ,fig #ajj ,d ,fig #aja ,fig #ajj ,a ,fig #ajj ,b ,fig #ajf ,a ,fig #ajb ,fig #ajd ,fig #aje ,fig #ajf ,,ar*ways ,,& ,,alcoves ,giv5 a /raight op5+1 ! av]age decorator w h no hesitancy 9 sugge/+ num]\s /ock s*emes ( treatm5t1 f ! simple & inexp5sive to ! mo/ elaborate4 ,b if ! top ( ! op5+ is curv$1 8 difficulties are increas$4 ,9 ! *apt]s on sc>f & fe/oon drap]ies1 we illu/rat$ h[ drap]ies may be appli$ to ! face ( a r\nd top op5+ :5 ! object is to decorate or relieve ! sev]ity ( ! op5+ by p>tially conceal+ ! outl9e4 ,we desire n[ to m p>ticul>ly deal ) a few cases :i* dem& t ! op5+ be n conceal$1 b h>moni\sly decorat$ )9 its prescrib$ limits4 ,figure #ajj illu/rates an op5+ betwe5 two rooms1 presumably a draw+-room & d9+-room1 :]e a treatm5t is desir$ t w admit ( ! op5+ be+ ei!r completely or p>tially clos$ at w4 ,?is is accompli%$ 9 ?is case by a pair ( portires t trav]se freely on a pole plac$ at ,x1 ! spr+ ( ! ar*2 or if ?is is consid]$ too high ! pole may be plac$ l[] & ! upp] treatm5t br\ght d[n to meet x4 ,x is n wise1 h[ev]1 to leave an op5+ less ?an six feet six in*es 9 height b5ea? ! pole4 ,! upp] "p ( ?is ar* is fill$ ) a frame made z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ajj ,a & cov]$ ) ! same mat]ial ( :i* ! curta9s are made4 ,?is is fa/5$ b5ea? ! ar* by mirror plates 7see ,figure #ajj ,b71 :i* are b>ely visible1 & hold ! frame securely 9 place4 ,if ! curve ( ! ar* is an unbrok5 l9e & ! portire curta9s are desir$ to completely divide ! rooms1 ! bottom ( ! frame w look well /raight1 z illu/rat$1 & ! curta9s are susp5d$ directly b5ea? x1 z ,figure #ajj ,c1 %[+ side detail ( frame & curta94 ,if ! patt]n ( ! fabric1 ! motif appliqus1 or ! irregul> curves ( ! op5+ sugge/ an irregul> curv$ bottom l9e1 z ,figure #aja1 & p]fect division is desir$1 two frames are us$1 z ,figure #ajj ,d1 ) ! curta9s trav]s+ betwe5 !m1 & ! pole plac$ high en\gh to be invisible1 or if "o room is less p>ticul> ?an ! o!r1 ! pole may be plac$ high en\gh on ! back or lea/ p>ticul> side s z n to %[ f ! o!r room1 & a s+le frame be us$ to fill ! op5+ f ! front room4 ,= ar*es :i* h l>ge projections1 z ,figure #aja1 ! frame is n usually made to fit into all ! little irregul>ities ( ! pla/]1 b ^! little irregul>ities are usually includ$ 9 graceful sweep+ curves1 :i* foll[ ! g5]al outl9es ( ! projections1 giv+ almo/ z good effect z if x 7 made to fit closely4 ,( c\rse we d n mean t x is p]missible to leave conspicu\s op5+s betwe5 ! pla/] & ! frame1 b z x w be f\nd extremely difficult to fit all ! little projections 9 pla/] ornam5tation1 we sugge/ ! advisability ( includ+ ! less] ornam5tation 9 ?is way r ?an nick+ out ! edges s t x is nei!r squ>e nor curv+4 ,if1 z frequ5tly occurs1 !re is m light on "o side ( ! ar* ?an on ! o!r1 & little po9ts ( light sift ?r\gh1 %[+ up any irregul>ities f ! d>k side1 a little *9k+ ) a /rip ( ! same mat]ial w ov]come ?is difficulty2 b x mu/ be neatly done1 & unless ! frame is a v bad misfit x %\ld n require en\gh to be at all visible f ei!r side4 ,9 measur+ curv$ op5+s = any purpose !re is no me?od s satisfactory z an accurate full-siz$ patt]n1 :i* may be m>k$1 cut1 & tri$ into ! op5+ be=e leav+ ! h\se4 ,figure #ajb illu/rates a spl5did way ( tak+ ! %ape ( a pla/] detail :]e an exact fit is requir$4 ,! patt]n pap] is held beh9d ! object1 & ) "o po9t ( a pair ( divid]s foll[+ ! outl9e ! o!r po9t w tick (f ! correspond+ po9ts on ! pap] by press+ x ?r\gh ! pap] or m>k+ ) a lead p5cil1 & :5 cut & fitt$ ! detail may be atta*$ to ! re/ ( ! patt]n 9 ! prop] position4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4#abf ,b ,! portire curta9s may be atta*$ to a pole z above m5tion$ to secure complete division1 b if ! object is r decoration1 ) p>tial division1 ! me?od 7illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #aja7 ( susp5d+ ! curta9s f *a9s w be f\nd pretty & effective1 ! *a9s equaliz+ ! irregul> curves & keep+ ! tops ( ! curta9s /raight4 ,portires c be hung 9 a %all[ ar*$ op5+ by us+ ! *a9s to equalize ! sweep & all[+ ! curta9s to hang /raight on a l9e ) ! spr+ ( ! ar*4 ,! *a9 us$ %\ld be ( a fairly l>ge patt]n1 & ( metal & f9i% to h>monize ) its imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,x is atta*$ to ! ar* or frame by cup hooks1 & be+ 9 "o cont9u\s l5g? 7z illu/rat$7 is easily adju/$ to ! prop] l5g? be=e fa/5+ p]man5tly4 ,figure #ajc illu/rates a r\nd top op5+ treat$ ) a pair ( %ap$ curta9s %irr$ on a rod s z to leave a small head+ all ar\nd ! curve1 & is a v pretty way ( treat+ a w9d[ or doorway :]e ! top ( ! curta9s may rema9 fa/5$ & ne$ n be di/urb$ = +ress or egress4 ,! space left = ! rod %\ld be made small en\gh to fit q snugly to ! rod & prev5t ! weight ( curta9 f dragg+ ! fullness d[n to ! outside corn]s2 or if ! mat]ial is v heavy a %irr+ tape is sewn 9 sep>ate f ! rod1 & /it*$ to ! goods to keep ! fullness 9 %ape1 aft] :i* x is run on to ! rod & plac$ 9 position4 ,figure #ajd is ano!r v>iation ( ! same pr9ciple1 %[+ a d\ble fe/oon$ curta91 :i* is v effective & l>gely us$ 9 ar* drap]ies4 ,! lace curta9s %[n 9 ?is illu/ration are hung on a sep>ate rod1 & s arrang$ t "o does n int]f]e ) ! o!r4 ,to plan ! top ( a %irr$ r\nd-top curta91 lay out ! full size ( y\r ar* on a blackbo>d 7z ,figure #aje71 divid+ x 9 ! c5tre by an upright l9e1 z ,x--,b4 ,locate ! po9t :]e ! curv$ top leaves ! /raight side l9e1 & m>k x 7z ,a 9 illu/ration74 ,! di/ance f ?is to ! c5tre l9e1 ,b--,x1 is ! wid? ( half ! space1 &1 !re=e1 ! proportion ( ! space cov]$ by "o curta9 or wid? ( goods1 & ! circl+ l9e f ,a to ,b repres5ts ! %ape to :i* ! curta9 is to be %irr$4 ,illu/ration ,x w be readily se5 t ! circle ( ! top mu/ be increas$ 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( fullness desir$ 9 ! %irr$ curta94 ,= example1 say t ! di/ance f ,a to l9e ,b--,x is tw5ty in*es & ! wid? ( ! curta9 be=e %irr+ is fifty in*es4 ,spread out ! goods on y\r cutt+-table1 &1 tak+ ! l9e ,e--,c ( ,figure #aje to be ! top ( ! goods1 measure d[n on ! ,e or left-h& selvage ! di/ance f ,e1 ! top ( ! ar*1 to ,a1 ! spr+ ( ! ar*1 & m>k po9t ,a2 n[1 ) a cord fa/5$ at ,a1 & ! goods spread smoo?ly out1 face side up1 /rike a qu>t] circle1 ) ,c z a radius 7l9e ,c--,d1 ,figure #aje72 %ift ! cord to ,c1 & ) ,a z a radius /rike ano!r l9e to int]sect ! fir/ "o1 ?us locat+ po9t ,d1 ! po9t ( int]section2 %ift ! cord aga9 to po9t ,d1 & ) ,a z a radius /rike ano!r sweep t[>d ! upp] "r-h& corn] until y cross po9t ,c4 ,! l9e ?us drawn f ,a to ,c w be ! top l9e ( ! curta9 t w %irr prop]ly into ! space ,a--,b4 ,add suffici5t = head+ & hem1 be=e cutt+1 & trim to %ape4 ,if ! curta9 is to hang z ,figure #ajc1 measure d[n ! ,c selvage edge ( ! goods ! di/ance f top ( ar* to ! floor1 & trim squ>ely across = ! bottom ( ! curta91 ! ga!r+ & rak+ edge 7,figure #ajc7 be+ =m$ by ! loop+ up1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figures #cd1 ,b1 ,c & ,d1 *apt] on ,sc>f ,drap]ies4 ,if ! curta9 is to hang z a d\ble fe/oon curta91 z ,figure #ajd1 sket* ! curta9 on y\r blackbo>d ) ! ar* z ,figure #aje1 & aft] def9+ ! top ( ! curta9 on y\r goods z above expla9$1 measure ! di/ance f ,b to ,g on y\r blackbo>d1 & m>k ! same di/ance on ! edge ( y\r goods f ,c d[nw>d4 ,?is locates po9t ,f4 ,measure ! di/ance f ,a to ,h 7! top ( ! seam7 on y\r bo>d & m>k x on y\r goods exactly same size2 add trimm+ all[ance z dott$ l9e ?ree in*es extra at ea* end & "o & "o-half in*es 9 c5tre1 & ! piece ( mat]ial def9$ by po9ts ,a1 ,c1 ,f & ,h w %irr & pleat correctly into ! space sket*$ on bo>d1 & def9$ by ,a1 ,b1 ,g & ,h4 ,pleat ?is up on ! bo>d & trim ! l9e ,h--,g squ>e4 ,measure ! di/ance f ,h to floor & cut a l5g? ( mat]ial1 all[+ a little = trimm+4 ,pleat ?is on ! bo>d also1 all[+ ! bottom to cle> ! floor nicely by a half in*1 & n spread+ beyond ! po9ts ,h & ,i4 ,trim ?is corn] dott$ l9e ,h--,i--,g to fit ! l9e ,h--,g1 & jo9 to ! upp] "p1 mak+ z small a seam z possible1 :i* is cov]$ by a cord1 9 ,figure #ajd4 ,illu/ration ,! back ( ! seam is b\nd by a piece ( ! mat]ial or l9+1 z ! case dem&s4 ,! ,go?ic ar* illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ajf %[s a case n (t5 met )1 b s]ves to illu/rate a pr9ciple ( s(t valance cutt+ equally applicable to any %ap$ op5+ & any desir$ scallop4 ,! op5+ 9 "q _h an ar*+ exposure into "o room & a squ>e exposure into ! o!r room4 ,! squ>e op5+ is simply treat$ ) a pair ( portires1 z ,figure #ajf ,a1 ! same %[+ beh9d ! valance 9 ,figure #ajf4 ,to plan ! valance itself x is necess>y to h a full-size patt]n ( ! ar*1 & on ?is z a plan 7#ajf ,b7 sket* out ! drap]y actual size4 ,be sure to all[ m pap] ?an is def9$ by ! outl9e ( ! ar*1 z ! details ( ! patt]n w probably g beyond ! outl9e z 9 ?is case4 ,half ( ! sket* only ne$ be us$1 b x %\ld be fairly correct 9 outl9e & proportion4 ,:5 satisfactorily sket*$ 7z ,figure #ajf ,b7 detail ! individual pipes & tails z foll[s3 ,if ! pipes h be5 prop]ly sket*$ x w be readily se5 t ! side outl9es conv]ge t[>d ! c5tre at ! top1 & div]ge f ! c5tre at ! bottom4 ,cont9ue ^! l9es upw>d until !y int]sect z at ,u & ,v1 ,figure #ajf ,b4 ,?is po9t w be ne>] or m di/ant accord+ to ! fl>e ( ! pipe at ! base4 ,) "o po9t ( a pair ( divid]s at po9t ,u1 & ) ! top ( ! pipe z a radius1 /rike a l9e across & on ea* side ( ! pipe1 z l9e #a--b2 repeat at ! bottom ( ! pipe1 cutt+ ?r\gh ! front sides & back ( ! m\? ( ! pipe1 z dott$ l9es #ac & #ad2 place "o po9t ( divid]s at ,y & ) ,z z a radius add a half in* = fold1 & /rike to cross l9e #ac on ea* side2 %ift po9t ( divid]s to ?is int]section on l9e #ac1 & ) ,i z a radius /rike to int]sect l9e #ad1 ?us locat+ po9t #h 7,figure #ajf ,b74 ,locate po9t #g 9 ! same way1 & rule f #g to ,y & f #h to ,y1 sw++ ! l9e a little to include ! int]section on l9e #ac a half in* f po9t ,z2 rule also f all ^! po9ts1 #g--h--,z & ,z to ,u1 locat+ po9ts #a & #b :]e ! outside l9es cross ! sweep at ! top ( ! pipe4 ,f9d all ! po9ts on ! next pipe & m>k & rule 9 ! same way4 ,cont9ue ! outl9es ( ! fir/ fold ( ! tail until !y meet at ,w2 atta* a cord !re1 & ) *alk or p5cil /rike circl+ l9es at ! top ( ! tail & at ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 ,r1 ,s & ,t1 ! bottom ( ! tail4 ,place po9t ( divid]s at ,m1 & ) ,n z a radius add an in* & /rike to cross l9e ,,ni1 locat+ ,,nx on l9e ,,ni2 measure f ,n to ,o & lay out ?is di/ance1 ) an in* add$1 by plac+ divid]s at ,,nx & cross+ l9e ,,oi1 locat+ po9t ,,ox2 locate ,,px1 ,,qx1 ,,rx1 & s on1 9 ! same way1 & rule f ,,nx to ,,tx1 /rik+ ea* int]section on ! way1 & also f ea* int]section to ,w1 z dott$ l9es4 ,:5 all locat$ ! l9es betwe5 #e--f--aa & #ab w be ! outl9e ( ! tail1 ^? betwe5 #c--d--i & #aj "o ( ! pipes1 & #a--b--g & #h ! o!r pipe4 ,n[1 lay ! patt]ns ov] a s(t bo>d1 & ) a nail p]=ate ! outl9e ( ! ar* f ,a to ,t1 ! outl9e ( ! drap]y f ,g to ,h1 ,i to ,j & ,k to ,l1 & also ! outl9+ po9ts ( ! pipes & tail1 namely1 #a--b--g & #h1 #c--d--i & #aj1 #e--f--aa & #ab1 & ! po9ts ,,nx1 ,,ox1 ,,px1 ,,qx1 ,,rx & ,,sx4 7,cont9u$ on page #ea47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aaa ,a ,fig #aaa ,b ,fig #aaa ,c ,fig #ajg ,b ,fig #ajh ,fig #aji ,fig #aji ,a ,fig #aji ,b ,fig #aaj ,g ,fig #aaj ,a ,fig #aaj ,e ,fig #aaj ,,ar*ways ,,& ,,alcoves 7,cont9u$ f page #di47 ,n[ take a piece ( pap] ab\t twice ! size ( y\r patt]n pap] & lay y\r p]=at$ patt]n ov] x4 ,a glance at #ajg ,b1 %[+ ! detail$ drap]y patt]n1 w %[ y h[ be/ to lay y\r patt]n to use ! pap] y h to advantage4 ,comm5ce by m>k+ ,a--,b--,g & ,h ?r\gh y\r p]=ations z well z any p]=ations :i* may be includ$ betwe5 ^!2 %ift ,no4 #a on ! patt]n ov] po9t ,b1 z m>k$ ?r\gh y\r p]=ation1 & po9t #g ov] po9t ,h1 & m>k out ! p]=ations f #a to #b & #g to #h2 %ift ,c ov] m>k #b & ,i ov] m>k #h1 & m>k f ,c to ,d & ,i to ,j2 %ift #i ov] m>k ,j & #c ov] ,d2 m>k ! p]=ations includ$ betwe5 #c--d--i & #aj2 %ift ,e ov] m>k #d & ,k ov] #aj1 & m>k ,e to ,f & ,k to ,l2 %ift #e ov] ,f & #aa ov] ,l1 & m>k all ! po9ts ( ! tail patt]n4 ,:5 all complete ! "u pap] %\ld appe> z ! outl9e ( #ajg ,b4 ,fold ! patt]n by foll[+ ! l9es ( ?is illu/ration1 ! pla9 p>ts all face ! front & ! %ad$ p>ts all face ! back ( ! drap]y4 ,z ?is is r an intricate piece ( "w we h giv5 ea* move 9 detail1 & w\ld sugge/ t y make a full-size plan ( ! patt]n "h illu/rat$ to famili>ize ! details4 ,figure #ajh illu/rates a r\nd-top w9d[ treatm5t made l ! =ego+1 or ei!r ( ^! effects may be obta9$ by mak+ scallop$ flat valances z expla9$ 9 ! *apt] on t subject4 ,! r\nd-top flat valances may also be us$ 9 conjunction ) a fe/oon drap]y by provid+ ap]tures 9 ! valance ?r\gh :i* ! drap]y is pass$1 z left side ( ,figure #aji4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab ,to plan ap]ture pelmets = any purpose we pref] to sket* out ! full size ( ! pelmet on a blackbo>d & plan ! po9ts :]e ! ap]tures w be4 ,!n lightly sket* ! outl9es ( ! drap]y on y\r bo>d1 z "r side ( ,figure #aji1 & measure f y\r *alk l9es direct z foll[s3 ,take a small plumb l9e & all[ x to fall ov] ! deepe/ "p ( ! fe/oon1 z illu/rat$2 atta* a tape at ,d1 fe/oon ,a1 & all[ x to drop d[n to ,x & ar\nd up to ,c2 note ! measurem5t at ,x & record x1 & also ! di/ance f ,x to ,c1 :i*1 9 ! case ( a regul> or equal-sid$ fe/oon1 is ! same2 measure f ,b to ,a 9 ! same way1 record+ ! di/ance on ea* side ( ! l9e & also ! di/ance f ! top ( ! fe/oon to ! bottom ( x1 9 l9e ) ! plumb l9e4 ,measure fe/oon ,b 9 ! same way1 record+ ! di/ance on ea* side ( ! plumb l9e1 & also ! dep?4 ,^! fe/oons are cut z expla9$ 9 ! *apt]s on ,fr5* fe/oon drap]y & irregul> fe/oon drap]y1 b we give ! diagrams "h z an additional guide4 7,note ,figure #aji ,a & #aji ,b47 ,! drap]y illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #aaj illu/rates an irregul> fe/oon drap]y1 made to exactly fit ! ar* or op5+4 ,to plan ?is drap]y use ! blackbo>d & full-size sket* z = la/ figure4 ,aft] ! outl9e is sket*$ 9 & correct$ to y\r satisfaction1 flatt5 ! tops ( ! fe/oon by rul+ l9es f ea* end ( ! bottom outl9e1 z ,b to ,c dott$ l9e1 or f ! outside extremity ( "o bottom outl9e to ! outside extremity ( ! next fe/oon1 z ,a to ,b & ,c to ,d dott$ l9es4 ,drop a plumb l9e ov] ! deepe/ "p ( ea* fe/oon & measure ! outl9es z expla9$ = ,figure #aji1 record+ ! measurem5ts on ! bo>d2 measure ! di/ances ( ! /raight dott$ l9es1 tops ( fe/oons on ea* side ( ! cord1 & also on ea* side ( ! c5tre ( ! dott$ l9e1 record+ ! di/ances ea* way1 & also ! di/ances f ! c5tre ( ! dott$ l9es to ! outl9e ( ! ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa ,:5 all measur$1 take a l>ge %eet ( patt]n pap] & proce$ to m>k out y\r patt]n4 ,spread y\r pap] on ! table1 ! longe/ edge ( ! pap] ev5 ) ! side ( ! table next to y1 & on ?is edge m>k ! measurem5t ( ! bottom l9e ( fe/oon ,f1 z record$ on y\r bo>d4 7,see ,figure #aaj ,a47 ,9 ?is fe/oon ! plumb l9e cross$ its c5tre & bo? sides measur$ equal1 s1 measur+ ea* way f ! c5tre ( y\r l9e1 m>k ! ends ,b & ,c1 di/ant #a--d f ,x1 ! c5tre ( y\r l9e2 erect a p]p5dicul> l9e twice ! l5g? ( ! dep? ( ! fe/oon1 f dott$ l9e to bottom l9e1 & 9 l9e ) ! plum l9e 7twice #a--a #b--c74 ,at ! top ( ?is l9e1 or #b--c f its base1 draw ano!r horizontal l9e p>allel ) ! bottom l9e1 & on x1 ea* side ( ! p]p5dicul> l9e1 m>k ! di/ances record$ on y\r bo>d ea* side ( ! plumb l9e2 n[1 ) "o end ( a pair ( divid]s or cord at ,x 7#aaj ,a71 & ) ,b--,c z radii1 /rike a qu>t] circle upw>d f ^! two po9ts2 ) "o end ( ! divid]s at ,c & "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f ,c to ,x z a radius /rike an arc to int]sect ! fir/ circle1 locat+ ,c #a4 ,repeat ?is arc at ,b & rule f ,b #a to ,x1 ,c #a to ,x1 ,b #a to ,b ,x & ,c #a to ,c ,x4 ,add trimm+ all[ance at ! sides1 z dott$ l9es1 ?ree in*es extra at extremities & "o & "o-half in*es 9 c5tre1 & r\nd out ! bottom f ,c #a to ,b #a1 z dott$ l9e4 ,?is gives y ! %ape ( ! pleat$ "p ( fe/oon ,f1 & to ?is y mu/ add ! pla9 piece above ! dott$ l9e4 ,f ! c5tre ( ! top l9e ( ! fe/oon erect a p]p5dicul> l9e to correspond 9 l5g? ) ! upright ?ree-in* dott$ l9e at ! top ( fe/oon ,f 7,figure #aaj72 place "o end ( divid]s at ?is po9t ,d 7,figure #aaj ,a71 & ) a little m ?an half ! di/ance to ,c ,x z a radius /rike an arc equal to a qu>t] circle4 ,%ift ! divid]s to ,c ,x ) ! same radius & /rike an arc t w int]sect ! fir/ "o at bo? extremities2 repeat ^! ) ! same radius f ,d t[>d ,b ,x & f ,b ,x 7z illu/rat$71 & rule l9es t w pass ?r\gh bo? int]sections ( bo? arcs until !y !mselves int]sect at ,e2 n[1 ) "o po9t at ,e & ,b ,x z a radius y c sweep ! same circle f ,b ,x to ,c ,x z is outl9$ on y\r bo>d ( ,figure #aaj4 ,fe/oon ,e & ,g ( ,figure #aaj1 & ,b ( ,figure #aji1 are measur$ & laid out 9 ! same mann]2 ! measurem5ts on ea* side ( ! p]p5dicul> l9e correspond+ ) ^? record$ ea* side ( ! plumb l9e1 ! po9ts locat+ ! end ( bottom l9es rais$ "o-?ird ! di/ance f ! end 9 "q to ! p]p5dicul> l9e1 & ! dep? ( ! fe/oon d\bl$ on ! p]p5dicul> l9e to all[ = pleat+4 ,! drap]ies illu/rat$ 9 ,figures #aji & #aaj are atta*$ by r+s to b5t poles inside ! ar*1 to a light frame simil> to ,figure #ajj ,a1 or may be tack$ to ! ar* itself4 ,a plan employ$ l>gely by ,fr5* decorators is illu/rat$ by ,figure #aaa1 comb9+ ! pr9ciples ( ! drap]y & long curta94 ,! ar* "h illu/rat$ & detail$ 9 ,figure #aaa ,a repres5ts an ar* #e--j wide by #h--j high4 ,add to ^! dim5sions half z mu* aga9 to ! wid? 7#b--f7 & a l quantity 7#b--f7 to ! l5g?2 jo9 ! fabric up to ^! increas$ dim5sions 7#aaa ,b71 #g--f x #aj--f1 & lay x out flat on ! table2 f ! c5tre ( ! top edge draw a l9e at "r angles to ! top & z long z ! quantity add$ to ! l5g? 7#b--f71 & on ea* side ( ?is l9e m>k on ! top edge po9ts equal to half ! quantity add$ 7#a--c71 ?us locat+ po9ts ,c--,d & ,e2 rule f ,c to ,e & ,e to ,d2 add ! trimm+ all[ance1 z dott$ l9es1 & cut ?is piece out4 ,%irr ^! curv$ l9es f ,c to ,d tightly 7z illu/rat$ #aaa ,c7 & tack x 9 place at ,c--,d 7#aaa ,a72 raise ea* outside edge until x j cle>s ! floor & tack x at ,e1 ! spr+ ( ! ar*2 edges ,c to ,a & ,d to ,b are tack$ ar\nd ! curve f ! c5tre z f> z !y w rea*1 & ! surplus betwe5 ,b & ,e is di/ribut$ into pleats & ! same repeat$ on ! o!r side4 ,x is sometimes necess>y to squ>e ! bottom edge if ! goods are v heavy1 b ! bottom c usually be kept squ>e ) ! pleat+4 ,to /raight5 ! bottom tack ! curta9 9 place tempor>ily & all[+ x to hang naturally1 ins]t p9s all along ! goods z x hangs at ! floor l9e2 trim (f ! surplus ?us m>k$1 & f9i% ! bottom ) a hem1 cord or fr+e1 & trim ! top ) a gimp or l>ge cord4 ,?is me?od is only suitable :]e ! fabric w n be di/urb$1 b is v effective z a backgr\nd4 ,figure #aab1 a comb9ation ( an embroid]$ flat valance & pair ( d\ble fe/oon$ curta9s1 is v effective = l>ge spaces4 ,! valance1 made on a light frame or on buckram & tack$ to ! ar*1 ! tacks cov]$ ) a gimp 9 h>mony ) ! embroid]y1 & ! curta9s atta*$ z expla9$ = ,figure #ajd4 ,! me?od ( employ+ a blackbo>d & full-siz$ draw+s m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+1 ) ! explanation ( fe/oon ,f 7,figures #aaj & #aaj ,a7 gives ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! blackbo>d sy/em ( drap]y cutt+1 & ! pr9ciples !re9 sugge/$ may be appli$ to any explanation ( drap]y cutt+ :i* we h giv5 by *ang+ ! scale draw+s to full-siz$ draw+s & measur+ ! sket* ) a tape4 ,x is n at all necess>y t ! outl9e ( ! fe/oons be made up ( accurate & true l9es4 ,if ! g5]al size & %ape is fairly correct y w f9d t ! tape w hang true en\gh to correct any defici5cy 9 sket*+4 ,,porti,,res ,,& ,,appliqu,s ,z e>ly z ! ye> #ajab ,b4,c41 /raight hang+ portires = connect+ doorways 7 employ$ 9 ! temple built by ,k+ ,solomon4 ,9 a mod]n h\se1 portires are almo/ z important z doors4 ,aside f ! ready-made portires1 :i* are manufactur$ 9 a v>iety ( patt]ns & mat]ials1 ! dem& = portire curta9s specially adapt$ to v>i\s rooms has result$ 9 a pr(usion ( made-to-ord] /yles1 a few ( :i* we illu/rate4 ,among ! fabrics mo/ us$ are tape/ries1 brocatelles1 damasks1 velvet1 plu%1 pla9 & figur$ vel\rs1 armures1 fancy reps & s]ges1 & = ,summ] furni%+s1 ! light]-weight fabrics1 su* z taffetas1 art tick+s1 cretonnes1 d5im & sate51 9 almo/ endless v>iety ( %ade & patt]n4 ,9 _m cases ! c>pets & wall cov]+s are *os5 & 9 place be=e ! portires are consid]$4 ,?is is un=tunate = ! drap]y man1 z x n infrequ5tly happ5s t ! unadvis$ or ov]advis$ pur*as] has *os5 color+s t be> no relation to "o ano!r1 s t to select a mat]ial = portires t w h>monize ) ! c>pet at its base & also ) ! side-wall :i* x divides is a difficult proposition4 ,frequ5tly ! be/ t c be done is to employ an unassum+ neutral color t w n (f] a v decid$ contra/ to ei!r floor or side-wall1 & !n introduce ! colors ( ^! o!r furni%+s 9 a modifi$ =m 9 ! trimm+s4 ,:]e walls & floor are 9 h>mony1 or :]e ! furni%+s are *os5 toge!r1 x is a safe plan to build f ! gr\nd up1 all[+ ! portires to be slightly light] 9 tone ?an ! c>pet1 & ! ov]-drap]ies & side-wall 9 light] tones /ill4 ,?is applies equally :e!r ! s*eme be "o ( contra/1 or analogy4 ,illu/ration ,consid]able c>e mu/ also be ex]cis$ z to ! g5]al effect ( pla9 or patt]n$ fabrics 9 relation to floor & side-wall4 ,z a g5]al rule avoid upright /ripes = long1 n>r[ doors1 s9ce ! /ripes acc5tuate ! slimness ( ! portires4 ,likewise avoid cross /ripes on %ort op5+s1 z !y decrease ! height & increase ! wid?4 ,pla9 self-color$ mat]ials look l>g] ?an figur$ mat]ials unless ! expanse ( color is r$uc$ by appliqu trimm+s4 ,/udy ! effect y wi% to produce & plan accord+ly4 ,"s ( ! fabrics m5tion$ above are rev]sible1 hav+ a f9i%$ surface on ea* side4 ,^!1 z a rule1 d n require l9+ unless too light 9 weight or out ( h>mony ) ! colors ( ! adjo9+ room4 ,o!r goods %\ld be l9$ &--unless ! goods are heavy en\gh )\t x--int]l9$ z well4 ,figure #aac1 on ! next page1 illu/rates ! mo/ common type ( portires made ( a figur$ mat]ial & trimm$ ) a cord on "o side & bottom ( ea* curta94 ,assum+ t ^! are made ( a rev]sible or d\ble-fac$ mat]ial1 ! goods are fir/ spread on ! table & ! measurem5t ( ! portire m>k$ out4 ,if ! curta9 l5g? z m>k$ spoils ! patt]n at bo? top & bottom x is bett] to %ift x up s t ! bottom patt]n may be p]fect 7or bo? bottom & top if possible71 add ab\t ?ree in*es to ! net l5g? ( ! curta9 measurem5t & cut x2 mat* ! next l5g? to ?is "o be=e mak+ ! second cut4 ,if x creates too great a wa/e & !re %\ld be m ?an "o pair requir$ ( ! same mat]ial 7! pairs n requir$ to mat* ea* o!r7 cut a l5g? = "o ( ! o!r pairs & try ! fir/ pair aga94 ,if ?is is no bett] & !re are no o!r sizes to cut1 try ! o!r end ( ! goods4 ,nev] cut to wa/e )\t try+ e plan y "k = avoid+ x1 z a little plann+ w (t5 pay = itself 9 ! am\nt ( mat]ial sav$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,porti,,res ,,& ,,appliqu,s ,fig #aad ,fig #aad ,a ,fig #aac ,fig #aac ,b ,fig #aad ,a ,fig #aad ,b ,fig #aac ,a ,fig #aac ,c ,fig #aag ,fig #aah ,fig #aag ,a ,fig #aag ,b ,fig #aag ,c ,fig #aai ,fig #abj ,fig #aaf ,fig #aae ,fig #aad ,c ,fig #aad ,d ,fig #aad ,f ,fig #aae ,assum+ /ill t ?is is rev]sible mat]ial & ! mat*$ l5g?s are ready = mak+1 spread ea* l5g? on ! table & cut (f ! selvage or "p ( x1 accord+ to ! wid? ( x1 & turn or fold ! edge ov] z ,figure #aac ,a to make a fell$ edge ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 :i* is slip-/it*$ z illu/rat$4 ,be c>eful t ! /it*es are tak5 betwe5 ! ?reads ( ! goods & d n %[ on ! rev]se side4 ,fell ! curta9s on bo? sides & bottom1 tak+ c>e n to /ret* ! edge ( ! mat]ial 9 do+ s1 & leave ! top z cut4 ,:5 all fell$ ar\nd1 lay ! fabric on ! table ) ! bottom ( ! curta9 ev5 ) ! end ( x & ! sides p>allel ) ! table top1 m>k ! l5g? ( ! f9i%$ curta9 on ! table z ,a ,figure #aac ,b & fold ! top ( ! curta9 ov] z illu/rat$1 mak+ a fold ab\t two in*es deep1 :i* is /it*$ at ,x ! bottom edge ( ! fold & at ,o "o-half in* above x4 ,! cord is sewn on z illu/rat$ by ,figure #aac ,c1 hold+ bo? cord & curta9 loosely1 s z n to /ret* ei!r1 & pull+ ! /it*es b>ely taut4 ,a great deal ( ! difficulty 9 ! hang ( portires is caus$ by ! way 9 :i* ! cord has be5 put on1 & too mu* c>e _c be tak5 until "o is exp]t en\gh to produce p]fect results4 ,! "r side ( ! curta9 is consid]$ to be t side f :i* ! hems 7 turn$1 & ! cord is sewn f ! "r side1 ! ends be+ securely fa/5$ & suffici5t fullness all[$ at ! corn]s to turn !m squ>ely4 ,9 portires1 z 9 drap]ies1 cut ! goods to be made ) ! patt]n runn+ up1 & ! nap ( pile goods runn+ d[n4 ,:5 n %irr$ to ! wid? ( ! space ! portires are pleat$ to ! wid?1 ! p9s be+ ins]t$ betwe5 ! two /it*+s ,x & ,o1 ,figure #aac ,b1 & ! pleats turn+ to ! back edge ( ! curta91 z ,figure #aac4 ,figure #aad is an illu/ration ( h[ a pair ( portires c be appli$ to a n>r[ door to give x ! effect ( great] wid?4 ,hung 9 ?is way & = ?is purpose all woodwork mu/ be hidd5 & ! pole project$ =w>d f> en\gh = ! curta9s to cle> ! face ( ! door frame4 ,an appliqu lace is illu/rat$ z a trimm+ on ! left-h& curta9 7,figure #aad71 & ! curta9s are l9$ on ! rev]se side ) a fabric to h>monize ) ! surr\nd+s 9 ! next room4 ,illu/ration ,to apply ! trimm+1 ! curta9 is fir/ tack$ out flat on ! table face upw>d1 true & ev5 ) ! squ>e table edge1 & a guide l9e rul$ :]e ! lace is desir$ to be4 ,op5-"w appliqu trimm+s are usually />t$ f ! corn]1 & ! trimm+ s plann$ t :]e ! mitre is made a p]fect patt]n is made & ! surplus cut away4 ,:5 all laid on 9 place ! trimm+ may be ei!r ba/$1 p9n$ or cem5t$1 aft] :i* x is tak5 up & sewn p]man5tly4 ,= pile goods a spl5did me?od ( hold+ ! trimm+ 9 place is to spread "s pa/e on a piece ( pap] & !n press ! wrong side ( ! trimm+ on to ! pap] until x absorbs a quantity ( ! pa/e1 !n lay x on ! fabric 9 position & weight x until dry1 aft] :i* x c be /it*$4 ,aft] ! trimm+ is /it*$ 9 place1 lay ! curta9 on ! table face d[nw>d & turn a half in* 7or m if desir$7 ov] on sides & bottom1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #aad ,a & #aad ,b1 & tack x tempor>ily1 tak+ c>e n to /ret* ! mat]ial1 b keep+ x smoo? & /raight ) ! table2 turn ! surplus d[n at ! top to make x ! l5g? ( ! f9i%$ curta91 less :atev] all[ance is necess>y = cord or fr+e1 :i* projects beyond ! bottom edge1 & s mu/ be includ$ 9 ! l5g? ( ! curta94 ,lay ! l9+ ov] x1 z ,figure #aad ,b1 turn+ "u suffici5t at sides & bottom to make x equal to ! wid? ( ! tape/ry or *ief fabric ( ! curta94 ,tack only half ( ?is1 z illu/rat$1 & !n fold ! free half back ov] ! tack$ half & knot--/it* ! l9+ & fabric toge!r1 z %[n 9 #aad ,c4 ,pass ! ne$le betwe5 ! ?reads ( ea* mat]ial 9 su* a mann] t ! /it* w n %[ ?r\gh on ! "r side ( ! curta91 & knot x to "o fabric only4 ,:5 all knot-/it*$1 us+ "o1 two or m r[s1 accord+ to ! weight1 texture & value ( ! fabric1 f9i% tack+ ! l9+1 turn+ "u ! edges z be=e & ba/e ! fabrics toge!r all ar\nd1 us+ a /it* simil> to t illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #aad ,a1 :i* holds ! fold$ edge well 9 place4 ,/it* ! top across twice1 z ,x--,o1 ,figure #aad ,e1 & !n p9 ! curta9s tempor>ily to a try-pole to see if ei!r side sags d[n & looks baggy4 ,if x does s ! bottom ba/+ mu/ be tak5 out & ! excessive fullness all[$ to hang free until bo? fabrics hang squ>e & flat toge!r2 !n p9 ! two fabrics ab\t f\r in*es f ! bottom1 s t nei!r c %ift1 lay x on ! table1 &1 turn+ 9 ! bottom ev5ly z at fir/1 ba/e x once m & te/ x on ! pole4 ,if flat & ev5 ?is "t )\t sagg+1 x may be remov$ & slip-/it*$ all ar\nd1 hold+ ! edges z ba/$ & us+ ! /it* illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #aad ,d4 ,! curta9 is !n cord$ z expla9$ 9 connection ) illu/ration ,figure #aac ,c1 & if ! l9+ is a diff]5t color & suffici5tly important to require x1 ! cord %\ld ei!r be a mixture ( ! two colors or two sep>ate cords %\ld be put on1 ea* sewn f & mat*+ ! color ( its own side4 ,if ! tops are to be pleat$ & p9n$1 z ,figure #aac1 ! p9s are ins]t$ betwe5 ! /it*es ,x & ,o1 ,figure #aad ,e2 b if !y are to be %irr$1 z ,figure #aad ,a1 a tape is run betwe5 ! /it*es ,x & ,o1 & hooks plac$ 9 betwe5 ! tops1 z ,a1 ,figure #aad ,e1 & sewn to ! tape1 aft] :i* ! spaces betwe5 ! hooks are /it*$ at int]vals to keep ! two fabrics up 9 position4 ,:]e price limitations d n exi/ a m satisfactory portire c be made by us+ an int]l9+ ( sate51 canton1 or %ak] flannel ! bottom ( :i* conta9s small v]tical pockets1 z ,figure #aad ,f1 :i* are fill$ ) %ot & sewn up4 ,^! are made by turn+ up ! bottom ( ! l9+ ab\t ?ree in*es & runn+ x ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 z indicat$ by ! arr[4 ,x w be notic$ t ! pockets are heavi] or a little clos] toge!r at ! corn]s to increase ! weight !re & correct ! t5d5cy to fl>e common to a pleat$ or %irr$ curta94 ,?is weight$ int]l9+ is plac$ 9 position be=e putt+ on ! l9+ 9 ,figure #aad ,b1 & is includ$ 9 ! knot /it*+ & ba/+2 ! edge ( x1 h[ev]1 is trimm$ ev5 & lies betwe5 ! turn$-9 edges ( ! two fabrics )\t itself be+ turn$ 94 ,:5 weight$ int]l9+s are us$ ) extra-heavy corn]s ! fabrics %\ld be knot-/it*$ toge!r1 say f\r in*es f ea* outside edge & d[n ! middle = ord9>y fifty-in* mat]ial 7?ree r[s 9 all74 ,!re is a t5d5cy on ! "p ( a great _m fabrics to sag or /ret* d[n ) _! own weight aft] hang+ = "s "t4 ,! be/ way we h f\nd to correct ?is is to /ret* ! mat]ial betwe5 clamps1 z ,figure #aae1 all[+ ! t5sion to rema9 on ! mat]ial = ab\t twelve h\rs1 aft] :i* x is made up 9 ! usual way4 ,illu/ration ,figure #aaf illu/rates a pair ( portires ) a lea!r or embroid]y appliqu corn] :i* is appli$ z already expla9$ = lace appliqu1 mak+ a v ri* & effective portire4 ,:5 made to ord] x is possible to h ! embroid]+ done on ! fabric itself1 mak+ !reby a bett] f9i%$ & m durable article4 ,! ,fr5* head+ illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #aag is made z expla9$ by draw+s #aag ,a & #aag ,b1 %[+ ! front & back views ( ! d\ble box pleat :i* is op5$ out into ! head+ aft] hav+ be5 sewn to ! hook4 ,?is head+ requires a special hook hav+ upright arms :i* support ! top ( ! head+ & are some?+ aft] ! /yle ( ,figure #aag ,c4 ,figure #aah is an illu/ration ( a tape/ry panel made up z a portire by bord]+ x ) a pla9 mat]ial1 su* z vel\rs or plu%2 !y are made ) v little fulness 9 wid?1 & are effective = d51 libr>y or smok+-room curta9s4 ,a great v>iety ( gimps1 cords1 edg+s1 galoons & appliqus are procurable = trimm+s1 ea* applicable to specific requirem5ts1 :ile a comb9ation ( two fabrics 9 ! way ( b&s or bord]s1 z ,figure #aah1 & ! "r-h& curta9 ( ,figure #aad1 is also mo/ effective1 & all[s an assembl+ ( colors & %ad+s n easily produc$ 9 any o!r way4 ,figures #aai & #abj illu/rate two k9ds ( portire poles = use on a doorway :]e x is necess>y to h ! portire sw+ op5 z a door1 or ) a door :i* x cov]s4 ,! pr9ciple ( ea* c be readily se5 )\t explanation1 & !y s]ve a useful purpose :]e su* fixture is desir$4 ,figure #aai is self-support+1 & is indep5d5t ( ! door unless provid$ ) bracket ,x4 ,figure #abj is dep5d5t on ! door = support at "o end1 & is h+$ j 9 l9e ) ! h+e ( ! door4 ,! small bracket at ! left ( ! h+e is equipp$ ) a set screw1 :i* holds ! pole rigid1 :ile ! "r-h& bracket is provid$ ) a l>ge op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! pole slides ) ! op5+ ( door4 ,portires are usually made to j cle> ! floor1 & %\ld be susp5d$ f r+s :i* trav]se freely on ! poles4 ,appliqus look be/ on pla9 mat]ials4 ,mat]ials ) prom95t patt]ns are bett] )\t !m4 ,,b$ ,,drap]ies ,b$ drap]ies %\ld be plann$ & con/ruct$ to c>ry out ! /yle & design ( ! b$ itself1 & %\ld nev] appe> obtrusive4 ,c>e %\ld be p>ticul>ly ex]cis$ 9 sleep+ ap>tm5ts t ! drap]ies1 furniture1 floor & wall cov]+s m]ge into "o complete h>moni\s :ole )\t a discordant note4 ,! con=mation ( ! drap]ies has mu* to d 9 det]m9+ ! arti/ic atmosph]e ( a room1 & may sugge/ vivacity1 dignity1 re/fulness1 solemnity or depression1 accord+ to ! design & ! /yle ( mat]ial4 ,! application ( /yle & design to p>ticul> purposes is n gov]n$ by rules z fix$ z ! h>mony ( color1 & d\btless e decorator ( exp]i5ce has se5 scores ( treatm5ts :i* h impress$ him z be+ 9 bad ta/e & unrelat$ to _! surr\nd+s1 yet ^! treatm5ts mu/ h pleas$ somebody4 ,! salesman :o told a lady cu/om] t good ta/e 0 :at %e lik$ be/ 0 n f> a/ray 9 8 def9ition1 & x w\ld be folly = any ( u to say :at is & is n absolutely good ta/e4 ,we w\ld1 h[ev]1 sugge/ t ! purpose = :i* a room is us$ %\ld gov]n to a v l>ge ext5t ! nature & "* ( ! furni%+s1 & t ! m exclusive ! purpose s x %\ld be ) ! furni%+s4 ,?is 0 h>dly ! ?\ght preval5t 9 anci5t times1 judg+ f ! examples extant1 b is m 9 t\* ) latt]-day ?\ght & t5d5cy4 ,/ud5ts ( p]iod drap]ies soon rea* ! conclusion t !re is v little really new1 & we ?9k ?is is p>ticul>ly true ( b$ drap]ies4 ,9 b$ drap]ies ! ,fr5* decorators ( ! ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5turies are /ill pre-em95t1 & we reproduce = purposes ( explanation a few ( ! be/ examples ( ^! p]iods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aaf ,fig #aaf ,a ,fig #aaf ,b ,fig #aag ,fig #abj ,fig #aba ,figure #aac is a type ( ! elaborately uphol/]$ b$ ( ! ,pompad\r p]iod & conta9s mu* t is graceful & applicable to pres5t-day decoration1 ! entire canopy arrangem5t be+ wor?y ( reproduction 9 toto4 ,:ile x is n cu/om>y at pres5t to uphol/] b$s 7head-bo>d1 foot & side-rails71 except = purposes ( exact reproduction1 x w\ld n be amiss to expla9 9 pass+ ! /eps tak5 9 produc+ ! diff]5t /yles ( tuft+ %[n 9 our illu/rations4 ,! biscuit tuft+ ( ,figure #aac is usually made small & %all[ z comp>$ ) o!r /yles1 ! squ>es compos+ ! tuft seldom runn+ l>g] ?an two in*es4 ,to m>k (f ! surface ( ! article = tuft+ f9d ! c5tre ea* way & draw l9es z dott$ l9es #a----a1 #b----b1 ,figure #aac ,a1 be+ c>eful to make !m p]fectly p]p5dicul> & horizontal1 z gov]n$ by ! outl9e ( ! space to be tuft$4 ,measur+ f ! c5tre l9es draw o!r l9es e ?ree in*es until y rea* to )9 ?ree in*es ( ! outl9e ( ! space1 ?us divid+ ! surface into ?ree-in* squ>es1 z dott$ l9es1 ,figure #aac ,a4 ,rule diagonal l9es1 z ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 to cut ?r\gh ! int]sections ( ! dott$ l9es1 & make ^! diagonal l9es suffici5tly heavy to be legible :5 tuft+1 z ! small] squ>es enclos$ by ! diagonal l9es outl9e ! size ( ! tufts & ! int]section ( ! diagonals m>k ! po9ts = ! buttons4 7,see ,figure #aac ,b47 ,:5 all ! l9es h be5 drawn ! article is ready = tuft+1 b ! cov] mu/ also be m>k$ = button+ be=e x c be appli$ ) any degree ( success4 ,to asc]ta9 ! size ( ! cov]+ ne$$1 c\nt ! numb] ( squ>es diagonally f "o extremity to ! o!r1 ?us f ,c to ,c1 ,figure #aac ,a1 numb]s t5 squ>es1 & t5 also f ,a to ,a2 n[ take ! size ( ! dott$ l9e squ>es fir/ m>k$ on ,figure #aac ,a 7?ree in*es71 & multiply ! numb] ( diagonal squ>es by ! size ( ! dott$ squ>es1 :i* gives u ! size ( ! cov]+ z #cj x #cj in*es2 add an in* all ar\nd = tack+1 & a piece ( cov]+ #cb x #cb w be ! size requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aac ,fig #aad ,a ,fig #aad ,b ,fig #aai ,fig #aad ,fig #aae ,= spaces su* z #aac ,a1 :]e ! surface is long] ?an wide1 x is possible to economize 9 cov]+ by jo9+ two pieces toge!r on ! c5tre l9e ( tuft+1 ,b----,b2 take wid? f ! l[] "r h& ,c to ! upp] ,b1 n9e squ>es1 & ! numb] f ,b----,b to ,a1 upp] "r h& corn]1 five squ>es1 & multiply ea* by ?ree in*es1 z be=e1 & we f9d t two pieces1 #bg x #ae in*es1 ) tack all[ance add$1 w be suffici5t to cov] ! spaces ?us divid$ by l9e ,b----,b4 ,! cov]+ is turn$ face d[nw>d ^u ! table & divid$ into ! requisite numb] ( ?ree-in* squ>es1 leav+ ! tack+ all[ance beyond ! outside l9es & keep+ ! l9es p>allel ) ! edges ( ! mat]ial1 simil> to ,figure #aad ,b4 ,atta* ! c5tre m>k ( ! l[e/ l9e on y\r mat]ial to ,x1 ! l[e/ button m>k on y\r tuft+ surface on l9e ,a1 ,figure #aac ,a1 & tempor>ily tack ! next m>ks on ! bottom l9e at ,x----,x1 ,figure #aac ,b4 ,/uff ! fullness ?us all[$ betwe5 y\r button & ,x----,x1 & !n put 9 button ,b1 z ,figure #aac ,b2 ! space betwe5 ,a----,b & ,x =ms a triangul> pocket ( fabric1 :i* is /uff$ up plumply & button pull$ into place by foll[+ ! m>ks on cov] & tuft+ surface2 ! re/ ( ! tuft+ n[ is a repetition ( ?is proc$ure1 /uff+ up ! ?ree-corn]$ pocket1 pull+ 9 ! f\r? button to complete ! squ>e1 & =m+ ! surplus f button to button into a /raight pleat4 ,:5 all fill$ ! edges are /uff$ up plumply & tack$ all ar\nd1 ! surplus fullness ar\nd ! edge be+ =m$ into pleats runn+ outw>d f ! outside r[ ( buttons1 z ,figure #aac ,b4 ,?is is by no means an easy task = a novice1 b pati5ce & p]sev]ance w accompli% ! result1 & ! me?od ( squ>e m>k+ = ! cov]+ & diagonals int]sect+ simil> siz$ squ>es on ! article w give ! prop] all[ance = fullness = all sizes & ne>ly all cov]+s4 ,squ>e or bun tuft+1 z %[n 9 ,figure #aad1 is m>k$ z ,figure #aad ,a1 divid+ ! space into ?ree-in* squ>es 7or l>g]1 if desir$7 & ! cov]+ m>k$ also into squ>es 7z ,figure #aad ,b7 f "o to "o a-half in*es l>g] ?an ^? on ! surface ( ! article4 ,?us1 = ?ree-in* squ>es1 rule y\r cov] into f\r & "o-half in* squ>es & add tack+ all[ance4 ,! size ( ! cov]+ c easily be asc]ta9$1 z y ne$ ! same numb] ( f\r & "o-half in* squ>es ( cov]+ z !re are ?ree-in* squ>es m>k$ out = tuft+4 ,put 9 ! entire bottom r[ ( buttons & ! fir/ "o ( ! next r[ 7,figure #aad ,a71 =m+ ! triangul> pockets1 :i* are /uff$ z expla9$ above = biscuit tuft+4 ,! diamond tuft+ ( ,figure #aae is made 9 a slightly diff]5t way1 b ! pr9ciple is ! same4 ,rule ! cross l9es #a----b----c----d z ,figure #aae ,a1 l9e #c1 say ?ree in*es f ! bottom1 l9e #b1 six in*es above l9e #c1 & l9e #a ?ree in*es high] aga94 ,divide l9es #a1 #b1 #c & #d into ?ree-in* spaces1 z %[n on l9e #a1 ,a----,b----,c1 etc42 rule f ,b on l9e #b to ,a on l9e #c1 & also to ,c on l9e #c2 rule f ,c on l9e #b to ,b & ,d on l9e #c1 & also f ,a on l9e #b to ,b on l9e #c1 cont9u+ ?is until ! surface is all m>k$1 z ,figure #aae ,a4 ,?is w give y a r[ ( int]sect+ diagonal l9es betwe5 l9es #b & #c & m>ks ! diamonds = buttons by foll[+ ! int]sections4 ,to measure ! space = cov]+1 measure f ,a to ,b1 to ,c to ,d1 & s on to ,g1 add+ "o & a-half in*es to ! di/ance betwe5 ea* lett] = fullness4 ,measure f #d to #c to #b to #a 9 ! same way1 add+ "o & a-half in*es to ea* space1 s t a panel ! size ( #aae ,a1 :i* measures #ab x #ah in*es1 requires a piece ( cov]+ #ah x #bg in*es1 ) an all[ance ( ano!r in* all ar\nd = tack+ 7#bj x #bi74 ,m>k ! cov]+1 z ,figure #aae ,b1 :i* %[s ! "o & a-half in*es add$ to ! spaces betwe5 ! upright l9es & also to ! spaces betwe5 ! cross l9es4 ,put 9 ! fir/ r[ ( buttons & draw ! bottom edge ( ! goods1 :i* lies directly 9 l9e ) ea* button1 /raight d[n1 & tack x tempor>ily !re4 ,?is w =m a s]ies ( pipes all across ! bottom2 /uff ev5ly & plumply1 & comm5c+ 9 ! c5tre /uff up all ! space betwe5 ! fir/ r[ ( buttons & ! second l9e2 pull ! cov] d[n ov] ?is by pull+ ! button m>k on ! cov] d[n to ! button m>k on ! l9e1 & put 9 ! button1 =m+ ! surplus mat]ial diagonally f button to button into a pleat1 z illu/rat$ 7,figure #aae ,a74 ,cont9ue ?is r[ & ! re/ 9 l mann]1 fold+ ! pleats d[nw>d & fac+ ea* o!r 9 pairs1 z indicat$ by arr[s4 ,f9i% ! top ) a r[ ( pipes simil> to ! bottom1 /uff up all ! edges & tack !m1 draw+ all ! surplus fullness into pleats f ea* button ( ! outside r[s1 & r\nd+ ! edges d[n to ! place :]e f9i%$ (f by tack+4 ,b5ea? ! rail ( ,figure #aac a %ort pip$ valance fills ! space to ! floor4 ,x is slightly pleat$ betwe5 ! pipes1 s t ! pleats fall into fe/oon %ape1 & is also an effective valance = cosey corn]s & *airs4 ,m>k out on a pap]1 ,figure #aaf1 ! exact appe>ance ( a portion ( ! valance1 includ+ two pipes & ! space betwe52 erect p]p5dicul> l9es ,a & ,b ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ea* pipe1 measure ! wid? ( ! pipes at bottom & top1 ! l5g? f top to bottom1 ! di/ance betwe5 ,d----,c at ! top & ! di/ance ar\nd ! curv$ bottom l9e betwe5 ,a----,b at ! bottom1 record+ ! measurem5ts z "h %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,colonial ,,b$room ,take a l>ge piece ( pap]1 & us+ ! longe/ edge ( x z ! bottom l9e ,a----,b1 ,figure #aaf ,a1 m>k (f ! di/ance ( ! bottom edge ( ! fe/oon 7#a----i72 f ! c5tre ( ?is space erect a p]p5dicul> l9e ,e----,e at "r angles to ! bottom l9e1 & z long z twice ! l5g? ( ! pipe 7#b----j72 at ! top ( ! p]p5dicul> l9e rule ano!r horizontal l9e p>allel ) ! bottom l9e or ! edge ( y\r pap]1 & ) ! p]p5dicul> l9e z y\r c5tre1 locate po9ts ,c & ,d1 exactly z on y\r draw+ #aaf4 ,) ,e z y\r c5tre & ,a----,b z radii 7#aaf ,a71 /rike a half circle to connect ,a & ,b2 ) ,b z a c5tre & "o-qu>t] ! di/ance to ,e z a radius1 /rike an arc to int]sect ! half circle & locate po9t ,a----#a1 & repeat at ,b to locate ,b----#a2 rule f ,b----#a & ,a----#a to ,e1 f ,a----#a to ,c & f ,b----#a to ,d1 def9+ ! g5]al outl9e ( ! fe/oon-l section betwe5 ! pipes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abc ,rev]t+ aga9 to ,figure #aaf ! bottom ( ! pipe measures f\r & "o-half in*es across ! face :5 press$ flat2 d\ble ?is to get ! circumf]5ce1 :i* w\ld be n9e in*es2 rule a horizontal l9e f po9t ,a----#a 7#aaf ,a7 p>allel ) ! bottom l9e & n9e in*es 9 l5g?2 erect a p]p5dicul> l9e1 ,x----,x1 f ! c5tre ( x1 & on ! p]p5dicul> m>k ! l5g? ( ! pipe z %[n on y\r draw+ 7#a----j72 at ! top ( ?is l9e lay out ! size ( ! top circumf]5ce ( ! pipe1 :i* is d\ble ! face measurem5t1 & locate po9ts ,g & ,g f\r & "o-half in*es ap>t2 rule f ,g to ,a----#a1 r\nd out ! bottom l9e f ,a----#a to ,b----#a z dott$ l9e1 add ! trimm+ all[ance betwe5 ,c & ,g1 dropp+ ab\t two in*es to ,f1 midway betwe5 l9es ,c & ,g z dott$ l9e2 fold ! pap] on l9e ,x----,x & cut out ! fe/oon & half ! pipe1 z outl9$ by ,x----,a#a----;,e----,b#a----;,d----,c-- --,f----,g & ,x1 toge!r ) ! pap] fold$ und]nea?1 :i* w give y :5 op5$ ! patt]n ( two fe/oons & "o pipe1 z ,figure #aaf ,a1 :i* may be repeat$ indef9itely by jo9+ ! pieces at ,f s t ! seams are hidd5 beh9d ! pipe4 ,to pleat ! fe/oons %irr f ,c to ,f & ,d to ,f tightly on a /\t ?read1 fa/5 ,f----,f toge!r1 draw+ ! pipe toge!r at ! back1 & fold ! top ( ! pipe d[n beh9d to f9i% ev5 ) ! top ( ! fe/oons4 ,tack ! :ole to a slat or to ! bottom ( ! b$ itself & /raight5 out ! pipes & pleats to hang nicely & uni=mly4 ,by increas+ ! dep? ( ! fe/oon to 7#b----h7 twice ! dep? ( ! fe/oon drawn 9 ,figure #aaf 7#a----d7 & add+ rosettes1 made z expla9$ 9 *apt] on pleat$ valances & lambrequ9s1 a m elaborate effect is obta9$1 z ,figure #aaf ,b1 suitable = o!r purposes :]e a simple valance is requir$4 ,! canopy is made on a frame %ap$ l ,figure #aag1 susp5d$ by brass *a9s or wire f ! ceil+ or wall1 & supports ! curta9s at sides & back1 9 addition to ! drap]y :i* completes ! canopy4 ,! side curta9s are made ab\t a foot long] ?an ! di/ance f floor to canopy1 & caught up ) rosettes or loops1 z expla9$ 9 *apt] on sc>f drap]ies4 ,! fe/oon-l pleats 9 ! top ( ! curta9 are obta9$ by cutt+ out sections ( ! top ( ! curta91 simil> to ! piece def9$ by po9ts ,e----#a1 ,e----#a1 & ,f1 9 ,figure #aah1 ! total am\nts cut out consum+ ! fullness all[ance1 z1 = in/ance1 a piece ( =ty-eight in* mat]ial pleat$ to tw5ty-f\r in*es w\ld h two triangles ( eight in*es remov$1 z ,figure #aai1 & a half triangle ( ! same size tak5 (f ea* corn]2 by %irr+ ! rak+ edges ! pleats are obta9$ & ! fullness consum$4 ,! drap]y ( ,figure #aac is made up ( triple-pleat$ fe/oons1 made z foll[s3 ,sket* out ! fe/oon z y desire to pleat x1 ei!r full size on y\r blackbo>d or to a r$uc$ scale on pap]1 ! l>ge l[] pleats occupy+ two-?irds ( ! dep?1 & ! small upp] pleats ! rema9+ "o-?ird1 z ,figure #abj2 measure ! di/ance ar\nd ! bottom ( ! fe/oon f ,a to ,b1 ! dep? f ,e to ,x1 & also f ,c to ,e & ,d to ,e1 record+ ! di/ance on y\r draw+4 ,! bottom l9e & ! dep? ( ! fe/oon patt]n1 ,figure #aah1 are plann$ z a regul> fe/oon1 s draw ! bottom l9e1 ,a to ,b1 locate ! po9ts ,a#a----;,b#a "o-six? ( & above ! bottom l9e1 z expla9$ = /raight fe/oons2 rule ! p]p5dicul> c5tre l9e ,e----,x z long z twice ! dep? record$ on ,figure #abj1 & rule ! top l9e p>allel to & almo/ z long z ! bottom l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abd ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abe ,n[ take "o-qu>t] ( ! measurem5t betwe5 ,c----,d1 ,figure #abj1 & m>k x on y\r top l9e1 s t half ( x lies on ea* side ( y\r c5tre l9e ,e1 ?us ! di/ance betwe5 ,c----,d is eighte5 in*es1 "o-qu>t] ( x is f\r & "o-half in*es1 & two & "o-qu>t] in*es on ea* side ( ! c5tre l9e locates ,e#a & ,e#a f\r & "o-half in*es ap>t4 ,n[ take ! di/ances record$ betwe5 ,c & ,e & ,e & ,d on y\r sket*1 & m>k ^! di/ances outw>d on ! top l9e f ,e#a & ,e#a1 :i* w give y ! size ( ! top ( ! fe/oon & locate po9ts ,c & ,d on y\r patt]n4 ,m>k ,f ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! di/ance f ,e to ,x on y\r patt]n 7,figure #aah72 rule f ,f to ,e#a on ea* side1 ,a#a to ,c & ,b#a to ,d1 add pleat+ all[ance1 z dott$ l9es on rak+ sides ( fe/oon1 holl[ out ! ,u-%ap$ m>k$ at ,e1 z dott$ l9e1 r\nd out ! bottom ( fe/oon1 & cut out ! patt]n1 %irr ! edges f ,e----#a ar\nd to ,e----#a on a /\t ?read1 & pleat ! rak+ outside edges up z an ord9>y /raight fe/oon4 7,see explanation 9 *apt] on ,fr5* fe/oons47 ,! ruffle :i* surm\nts ! drap]y & =ms a trimm+ at ! edge ( ! canopy 7,figure #aac7 consi/s ( a piece ( mat]ial pleat$ 9 su* a mann] t ! pleats are small] at ! bottom ?an at ! top4 ,x is made sep>ately1 & ei!r jo9$ to ! drap]y or put on ov] x4 ,! size & numb] ( ! little cone-l pleats are matt]s ( p]sonal ta/e1 & ! pr9ciple ( mak+ is ! same = all sizes & %apes4 ,on a fair-siz$ piece ( pap] draw out exactly two pipes & ! space betwe5 z y desire x to look :5 f9i%$ 7see ,figure #aba74 ,cont9ue ! side outl9es ( ! pipes d[nw>d until !y meet1 z ,a----,a4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w be ne>] or m di/ant accord+ to ! fl>e ( ! top ( ! pipe4 ,place po9t ( divid]s at ,a1 & us+ ! l5g? ( ! pipe z a radius1 /rike a qu>t] circle ?r\gh & on ea* side ( ! top ( ! pipe1 z l9e ,b----,b2 n[ draw p]p5dicul> l9es pass+ up ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ea* pipe & at "r angles to ! /raight bottom l9e ( ! ruffle4 ,place "o po9t ( divid]s at ,c1 :]e upright l9e int]cepts ! circl+ l9e1 ,b----,b1 & ) a little m ?an ,d----,d z radii1 sweep to cross ! l9e ,b----,b on ea* side2 place divid]s at ! po9t :]e y\r sweep cross$ ,b----,b1 ) ! same radius1 & /rike ano!r l9e to cross ,b----,b & locate ,e1 & rule f ,e & ,d to ,a on ea* side ( ! pipe2 ) divid]s at ,a1 & ) ! bottom ( ! pipe z a radius /rike ano!r qu>t] circle z ,h----,h1 ! po9ts :]e dott$ l9es ,d & ,d cross ,h----,h locate ,g----,g1 & :]e dott$ l9es ,e & ,e cross ,h----,h1 ,f----,f are locat$2 m>k ! place :]e ! p]p5dicul> l9e crosses ,h----,h z ,x1 :i* is %[n on ! middle pipe1 & ! patt]n is ready = pun*+4 ,note in/ructions = pun*+ patt]n ( ,figure #ajg ,a 9 *apt] on ar*ways1 & foll[ ! same proc$ure ) ?is patt]n1 pun*+ po9ts ,e----,d----,c----,d----,e at ! top1 & ,f----,g----,x----,g----,f at ! bottom4 ,y w notice t lett]s ,e----,d----,d----,e----,f1 ,g----,g & ,f outl9e ! pipe & %[ ! l9es = fold+1 :ile ! space enclos$ betwe5 ,c----,c----,x----,x is ! patt]n ( ! pla9 piece betwe5 ! pipes2 n[ by %ift+ ! patt]n z expla9$ = ,figure #ajg ,b1 9 above m5tion$ *apt]1 & m>k+ ?r\gh ! p]=ations y w h a patt]n outl9$ by ! same lett]s z ,figure #abb2 rule f po9t to po9t & y h ! complete patt]n ( "o pipe & ! space betwe5 x & ! next "o1 by repeat+ ?is1 z %[n 9 ,figure #abb ,a1 y may make ! ruffle any requir$ l5g?1 /iff5 ) wigg9 holl& or buckram & pleat z indicat$ by l9es 9 pipes1 ! %ad$ portions ( ,figure #abb ,a go+ to ! back ( ! pipe1 & ! po9ts ,c ,e----,c ,e & ,x ,f----,x ,f meet+ & fa/5$ toge!r4 ,! complet$ ruffle is n[ sewn to ! top ( ! fe/oons & ! seam f9i%$ ) a cord1 z ,figure #aac4 ,figure #aad illu/rates ! application ( /raight top fe/oons to a mold$ canopy frame1 ! ro( ( :i* is %irr$ to a c5tre 9 sunbur/ effect4 ,figure #aae %[s a ruffle or pip$ head+ simil> to ,figure #aac ) l>g] spaces betwe5 ! pipes1 & ! me?od ( detail+ ! patt]n is ! same z already expla9$4 ,figure #abc illu/rates a dome %ap$ canopy support$ by a mold$ cornice1 & is m simple ( con/ruction ?an at fir/ appe>s2 ! mold$ cornice ne$s no fur!r explanation ?an ! front view1 ,figure #abc1 & ! side view1 ,figure #abc ,a4 ,! con/ruction ( ! dome c easily be foll[$ by ,figures #abc ,b & #abc ,c2 a light h>dwood circul> frame is fir/ m>k$ at int]vals ar\nd ! out] edge :]e ! ribs are desir$ to be1 & a numb] ( /raight iron wires ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet] are ins]t$ by bor+ holes 9 ! edge ( ! frame1 driv+ 9 ! wires z ,c1 9 #abc ,d1 aft] :i* tacks are driv5 9 beside ! holes to swell ! fibres ( ! wood aga9/ ! wire1 & ! wires b5t upright z ,a & ,b ( ?is illu/ration4 ,ea* sep>ate wire is b5t to take ! %ape ( ! rib1 & all are fa/5$ at ! c5tre tempor>ily2 :5 all are ?us fa/5$1 comm5ce w9d+ ! ?ree wires compos+ ea* rib1 b9d+ !m solidly toge!r ) s(t tw9e cont9u+ to ! c5tre1 !n turn ! wires %>ply aside1 9 l9e ) ! next rib1 to :i* ! ends are !n b\nd1 & ! w9d+ repeat$ on ea* rib4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abc ,a ,fig #abc ,b ,fig #abc ,c ,fig #abc ,d ,fig #abb ,fig #abb ,a ,fig #aah ,x is desirable t no wires be p]mitt$ to cont9ue across ! c5tre1 b t all %\ld turn back1 leav+ ! c5tre free f ! ?ickness t w\ld be occasion$ by ! cross+ & recross+ ( ! wires4 ,illu/ration3 ,,embroid]$ ,,lace ,,curta9s ,,& ,,bonne ,,femmes--,,iri% ,,po9t1 ,,r5aissance ,,& ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette4 ,by cross+ tw9es on ! frame & dropp+ a plumb l9e ov] ! int]sections1 ! c5tre ( ! dome may be kept 9 l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! op5 frame 7see ,figure #abc ,c74 ,:5 ! ribs are all 9 position wire loops are run ar\nd ! ribb$ circle inside1 at diff]5t heights1 to /r5g!n !m & pres]ve ! globul> %ape4 ,! framework is !n cov]$ ) canvas1 & ea* panel 7! space betwe5 two ribs7 is padd$ ) "s s(t mat]ial ev5ly di/ribut$ & cov]$ ) cotton1 aft] :i* ! cov]+ mat]ial is put on1 a r[ ( /it*+ hold+ all firmly to ea* rib & a cord cov]+ ! /it*+4 ,! drap]y b5ea? ! cornice ( ,figure #abc comb9es ! fe/oon & /raight valance pr9ciples :i* h be5 already expla9$ 9 =m] *apt]s1 & ! small drap]y above ! embroid]y is put on sep>ately4 ,! f\r-po/] ( ,figure #abd %[s ! application ( a /raight box pleat 9 keep+ ) ! ar*itectural l9es ( ! b$1 & any ( ! drap]ies %[n h]e) may be appli$ to f\r-po/ b$s if ! g5]al outl9e & /yle ( ! drap]ies con=ms to ! g5]al con/ruction ( ! b$ itself4 ,9 ,figure #abe we illu/rate a ,fr5* canopy :i* adapts itself v readily to ! decoration ( brass b$s4 ,! dome is =m$ ( panels ( buckram or c>dbo>d1 cut to %ape1 & cov]$ ) ! fabric1 pla9 or pleat$2 ! panels are !n sewn toge!r ) ! baseball /it*1 previ\sly illu/rat$1 & a hoop fa/5$ inside ! bottom to pres]ve ! %ape4 ,if heavy fabrics are desir$ = curta9s1 drap]y & cov]+1 ! dome %\ld be m sub/antially con/ruct$1 z describ$ = ,figure #abc1 disp5s+ ) ! mold$ cornice if desir$4 ,b$ canopies1 no matt] h[ light1 mu/ be c>efully put up & securely fa/5$ to avoid accid5t4 ,! back curta9s1 :i* appe> 9 almo/ all ( ! illu/rations pres5t$ h]e)1 are 9 "s cases atta*$ to ! side curta9s1 s t ! fabric is cont9u\s f fr+e to fr+e1 ^? ( ,figures #abc & #abe be+ s plann$4 ,! back curta9 ( ,figure #abd is %irr$ on a rod top & bottom1 & /ret*$ into pleats1 :ile ^? %[n 9 ,figures #aac1 #aad & #aae may be treat$ simil>ly1 or1 z illu/rat$1 pleat$ into long1 sweep+ pleats4 ,! mat]ial is jo9$ up1 all[+ ne>ly half z mu* aga9 to ! wid?1 say a piece #f--- #i = a #d--- #f b$1 & all[ a l quantity 7#b--- #c7 9 addition to ! requir$ l5g?4 ,spread ! mat]ial out on ! table1 f9d ! c5tre ( ! top1 & measure ea* way on ! top edge a di/ance ( eighte5 in*es2 measure d[n ea* side f ! top corn] ! di/ance y h all[$ 7#b----c71 & rule f ^! m>ks to ! extremities ( y\r eighte5-in* m>ks2 add outside ( ?is ! all[ance = tack+ & trimm+ & trim (f ! corn]1 :i* means t y remove f ea* corn] a piece ( mat]ial measur+ ab\t #bj x #bd in*es1 & triangul> 9 %ape4 ,tack ! /raight top to ! back ( ! canopy1 c5t]+ ! goods 7#c----j7 9 ! space 7#d----f7 & pleat up ! bias$ corn]s into ! rema9+ spaces at ea* side4 ,,trav]se1 ,,drop ,,& ,,!atre ,,curta9s ,:]e curta9s1 :ile possess+ decorative prop]ties1 are also to =m a complete or p>tial scre5 at w1 x is ess5tial t _! manipulation be simple & easy4 ,= curta9s :i* travel to & fro on a /raight pole :ile hang+ at full l5g? trav]se cords are effective4 ,?is is accompli%$ by means ( two pulleys1 z ,figure #abf1 ! pulley m>k$ ,a be+ a d\ble pulley & ,b a s+le pulley4 ,! curta9s are pleat$ up to ! requir$ wid? s t !y j nicely fill ! space1 & are hook$1 p9n$ or sewn to ! r+s4 ,place ! pulleys 9 position ev5 ) ! out] edges ( ! curta9s & ?read a small braid$ sa% cord 7well /ret*$7 ?r\gh ! s+le pulley ,b2 c>ry ! d\bl$ cord ov] to ,a & measure ! di/ance1 ! ends w h to fall bel[ ,a to br+ !m )9 easy rea*2 all[ a c\ple ( feet extra on "o ( ! cords1 & cut4 ,)\t all[+ ! cords to %ift 9 ! s+le pulley fa/5 ! %ort cord to ,d1 ! "r h& corn] ( ! left curta91 & ?read ! end ?r\gh ! d\ble pulley4 ,fa/5 ! long] cord to ! correspond+ r+ at ,c on ! "r-h& curta9 & ?read x ?r\gh ! o!r groove ( ! d\ble pulley4 ,by pull+ ,e 7,figure #abf71 ! %ort] cord1 ! curta9s w sep>ate ea* way f ! c5tre1 & z ?is cord desc5ds ! ,f cord asc5ds1 ! cords travel+ 9 ! direction ( ! arr[s1 & by pull+ ,f ! curta9s draw toge!r aga94 ,adju/ ! cords s t :5 ,f1 ! clos+ cord1 is taut ! curta9s w meet exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ! pole1 & also s t ,e1 ! op5+ cord1 is a foot high] ?an ,f :5 ! curta9s are clos$4 ,f9i% ! cord ends ) a weight$ tassel1 &1 z w readily be se51 x is only necess>y to pull ! high] tassel at any "t to alt] ! position ( ! curta9s4 ,to insure easy manipulation1 x is necess>y to h ! r+s l>ge en\gh to travel freely ^u ! pole1 & if ! curta9s are heavy ! r+s %\ld be provid$ ) small :eels or roll]s :i* run ^u ! pole4 ,! r+s %\ld also be free f any projections t w\ld cat* ! cord1 & ! hooks or p9s %\ld h ! po9ts b5t back into ! fabric s t ! cord _c get caught !reon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abi ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abg ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abf ,?is me?od is employ$ = sun or draught curta9s1 & sometimes = small conc]t curta9s4 ,ano!r me?od ( curta9 manipulation 9 :i* ! curta9s draw up 9 drap]y =m is illu/rat$ by ,figure #abg4 ,to accompli% ?is effect ! pair ( curta9s are pleat$ to size1 z back view ,figure #abg ,a4 ,spread flat on ! floor1 & ) a cord atta*$ at ,a1 ! inside corn] ( ! curta91 a qu>t] circle is /ruck f ! outside corn] to a correspond+ position on ! front edge ( ! curta94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abi ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg ,a4 ,r+s are sewn to ?is l9e1 & a cord :i* is atta*$ to ,b is ?read$ ?r\gh ! r+s1 pass$ ov] a pulley at ,c1 & across & ov] a l>ge pulley at ,d1 & br\ght d[n to ! floor1 z ,e4 ,a pull on ! cord at ,e n[ causes ! cord to draw up ?r\gh ! r+s on ! curta91 ! mat]ial ga!r+ into folds because ( its weight1 & ! release ( ! cord all[s ! curta9 to sw+ back aga9 into place4 ,by arrang+ bo? curta9s 9 ?is mann] & draw+ !m simultane\sly a pretty drap$ op5+ is produc$1 z ,figure #abg4 ,= a heavy pair ( curta9s1 atta* ! cords1 aft] pass+ ov] pulley ,d1 to a c\nt] weight1 & ei!r atta* a sep>ate cord to ! ,b cord imm$iately above ,a1 ! c5tre ( ! curta9s1 & br+ x ov] ,d & d[n to ,f1 s t a pull at ,f sets ! pulley & weight 9 motion2 or arrange z expla9$ lat] = ,figure #abi ,a4 ,if x is desir$ t ! front edges may draw completely up to ! pulley1 =m+ two fe/oons1 z ,figure #abh1 m sweep mu/ be all[$ on ! front edge ?an on ! top1 & c be easily calculat$ by mov+ ! /ation>y end ( ! m>k+ cord out beyond ,a ! di/ance desir$ to give ! requir$ sag to ! bottom edge :5 drawn up 7see ,x1 ,figure #abg ,a1 & ! dott$ sweep74 ,figure #abi illu/rates a drop curta9 made aft] ! /yle ( ,au/rian %ades1 z expla9$ 9 ! *apt] on bl9ds & %ades4 ,! back view 7,figure #abi ,a7 %[s ! me?od ( runn+ ! l9es to a c\nt] weight1 :i* balances ! weight ( ! curta9 & is controll$ by two l9es--,j1 lead+ f ! weight to ! small pulley ,f1 & d[n to ! floor pulley ,i2 ,h1 ! o!r l9e1 lead+ f ! weight d[n4 ,z w be readily se51 ?is l9e is cont9u\s f ! top ( ! weight ar\nd to ! bottom ( x1 & ! curta9 is rais$ by pull+ l9e ,h1 :i* l[]s ! weight & is l[]$ by pull+ l9e ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #abh ,fig #acb ,fig #aca ,fig #acj ,fig #acj ,a ,we h us$ ! plans outl9$ by ,figures #abg & #abi = tempor>y drop curta9s =ty feet high by eighty feet wide ) complete success4 ,! back view ( ,figure #abi ,a illu/rates ! me?od employ$ = sw++ a tempor>y drop curta9 ( ^! dim5sions across a hall t _h no curta9 facilities1 b>e walls & r\nd$ ceil+1 x be+ accompli%$ by ?ree gr\ps ( /ay l9es 7,b7 drawn up ?r\gh ! ceil+1 ea* l9e adju/$ to ! prop] t5sion :ile slightly hoi/$1 & ! curta9 itself atta*$ to batt5 ,d1 :i* is built up ( #a x #d-;in* /uff to aggregate #b x #d in*es4 ,! top ( ! curta9 rema9s /ation>y1 ! bottom %irr+ to ! desir$ height1 ! deep fl\nce =m+ a decoration to ! bottom edge :5 9 ei!r position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brise-,,bises ,,susp5d$ ,,f ,,curv$ ,,rods ,,& ,,au/rian ,,%ades ,,t ,,curve ,,to ,,meet ,,!m4 ,! drawn l9es ,k are atta*$ to ! bottom batt5 ,c1 & are adju/$ ev5ly ov] ! individual pulleys ,l1 & all c>ri$ ov] ,e & atta*$ to ,g1 ! c\nt] weight4 ,to prev5t ! draught f bl[+ ! curta9 out small loops ( /iff wire1 z ,m1 ,figure #abi ,a1 are atta*$ to ! sides ( ! curta91 & trav]se freely up & d[n ! guide wires ,a--,a4 ,%\ld a curta9 ( ?is sort be desir$ z a p]man5t !atre curta91 x may be prettily made z ,figure #acj1 :i* is drawn up by means ( /rips ( webb+ or lea!r1 :i* pass ?r\gh cov]$ metal keep]s on ! face ( ! curta9 & are atta*$ to ! bottom batt54 ,^! pass ov] pulley :eels at ! top1 z ,figure #acj ,a1 & are fa/5$ to a b> c\nt] weight :i* balances ! weight ( ! movable portion ( ! curta91 & is put 9 motion by caus+ ! %aft to revolve 9 ! desir$ direction4 ,! !atre curta9 :i* rolls f ! bottom1 z ,figure #aca1 is fa/5$ to a batt5 at ! top & a roll] atta*$ to ! bottom4 ,! me?od ( con/ruct+ ! roll] is %[n 9 ,figure #acb4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( six-in* circles ( cle> p9e are procur$ to all[ ( "o be+ plac$ e twelve in*es1 & ^! are %eet$ r\nd ) #b-;in* /rips ( cle>1 /raight p9e1 kiln dri$1 ea* piece securely fa/5$ ) screws to e circle x t\*es1 & ! jo9s all made :]e support$ by a circle4 ,! :ole roll is !n wrapp$ ) a /rip ( co>se canvas pl5tifully suppli$ ) a solution ( hot glue1 c>e be+ ex]cis$ to keep ! wrapp+ uni=m & tight4 ,! roll] is made long en\gh to conta9 a l>ge spool at ea* end1 & works equally well at ! bottom ( ! curta91 :]e x rolls up ) x1 or at ! top1 :]e x revolves 9 brackets & w9ds ! curta9 up4 ,! rope :i* causes ! roll] to revolve is fir/ w\nd ar\nd ! spool a c\ple ( times :5 ! curta9 is altoge!r roll$ up1 & z ! curta9 is unroll$1 ! spools take up a suffici5t quantity ( rope1 s t pull+ ! rope causes ! spool to revolve & ! curta9 to roll up4 ,"s ( ! m rec5t !atre curta9s are /ret*$ on a frame l a picture & rise flat1 l ! l[] sa% ( a w9d[4 ,!y are n difficult ( manufacture1 b require t ! prosc5ium & fly l(t be z high aga9 z ! /age op5+1 & ! curta9 is arrang$ ) c\nt] weights & side guides1 z ,figure #abi ,a4 ,if y consid] ! batt5 ,d ( ,figure #abi ,a z ! top ( ! fly l(t1 & batt5 ,c z ! top ( ! curta91 ! l9es ,k are correctly plac$ to raise ! curta9 until ,c comes 9 contact ) ! pulleys ,l4 ,! :ole frame w h !n be5 drawn up ?is di/ance1 & x is only necess>y to h batt5 ,d high en\gh to p]mit ( ! curta9 be+ drawn out ( sight4 ,we %[ ! h& l9e ,e on ,figures #aca & #abg ,a to illu/rate its position if ! curta9s %\ld be manipulat$ by h& )\t a c\nt] weight1 b = p]man5t curta9s ! plan ( #abi ,a1 ) ! cont9u\s op]at+ l9e1 w be f\nd mu* bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xvi ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xiv ,,int]ior ,,gr\p+4 ,,cosey ,,corn]s4 ,,wall-,,hang+s ,t !re is a knack 9 ! selection & disposition ( furniture beyond ! haphaz>d plac+ ( odd pieces inside f\r walls is a fact admitt$ by h\sekeep]s g5]ally4 ,t ?is knack is possess$ 9 a v limit$ degree by ! av]age h\sekeep] is impress$ aga9 & aga9 on ! m9d ( ! obs]vant decorator4 ,we h he>d ! /atem5t t h\ses decorat$ & furni%$ by ! pr(essional decorator lack t some?+--t indef9able *>m--:i* c only be imp>t$ by ! t\* ( ! homemak] woman4 ,9 o!r words1 t man c make h\ses b woman makes homes4 ,?is is beautiful z a !ory1 b z a matt] ( fact ! av]age draw+-room--woman's p>ticul> c>e--conta9s en\gh incongruities to %ock ! arti/ic s5se ( ! mo/ lib]al-m9d$ ( decorators4 ,! writ] does n lay claim to any special disp5sation ( ta/e nor any extraord9>y degree ( arti/ic tra9+1 b he has se5 scores ( rooms :i* by _! furniture selection & arrangem5t 7 a jumble ( in>ticulate pr(anity & defeat$ ! purpose = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 ,i h 9 m9d ! draw+-room ( a weal?y dry goods m]*ant 7:o is some?+ ( a curio hunt]71 t is1 consid]+ ! individual pieces1 ri* & sumptu\s1 b ! assembl$ :ole is su* a conglom]ation ( /yle1 design & color t x gives "o ! impression ( a baza>4 ,ano!r exp5sively furni%$ draw+-room :i* occurs to my m9d imp>ts to ! obs]v] a feel+ ( /rang5ess4 ,! v>i\s pieces are n only unrelat$1 b are s conspicu\sly sep>ate 9 /yle & purpose t !y are n ev5 acqua9t$4 ,!n !re are draw+-rooms t are s repell5t because ( _! milit>y au/]ity t ! back ( ! visitor unconsci\sly /iff5s & he feels t 8 entrance is presumptu\s4 ,we h purposely drawn ^! descriptions 9 an exagg]at$ s5se t we might 9 "s measure give po9t to our /atem5t t e room ( a h\se %\ld h z ! fundam5tal purpose ( its creation ! com=t ( mank9d4 ,& z man is _m sid$ 9 8 nature1 hav+ _m moods & ne$s1 ^! diff]5t moods create ! necessity = a v>y+ environm5t suit$ to ! complexity ( ! h\r4 ,?us we h a sleep+-room1 a d9+-room1 a reception-room1 an ent]ta9+-room1 a cook+-room1 & s on1 ea* design$ & furni%$ to create ! atmosph]e & /imulate ! spirits ( ! occupant to ! mood :i* ! environm5t be/ s]ves4 ,! man :o told 8 fri5d 9 confid5ce t ! ar*itect want$ to put a draw+-room 9 8 new h\se1 & he suppos$ he wpurpose\ld h to h x1 ?\gh x 0 no e>?ly use to him1 = he c\ldn't draw a /raight l9e1 0 9 8 way ?9k+ pretty close to ! l9e ( purpose 9 home mak+1 :i* %\ld be ! dom9ant factor 9 ! furni%+ ( e room4 ,a sleep+-room %\ld be n only provid$ ) a b$ & its complem5t ( clo?+1 b 9 its location1 furni%+s & color !ory %\ld sugge/ re/fulness1 simplicity & repose4 ,t ?is might be m easily produc$1 we w\ld sugge/ ! use ( modifi$ color & slight gradations ( tone ?r\gh\t1 us+ a monotone or duotone c>pet ( a modifi$ %ade 7a normal color is modifi$ by ! addition ( :ite & int5sifi$ by ! addition ( black71 a light] %ade ( ! same color introduc$ 9 ! movable furni%+s1 z furniture & hang+s1 light] %ades /ill 9 ! side-wall & frieze1 & modifi$ to ! b>e/ sugge/ion ( a t9t 9 ! ceil+4 ,avoid /imulat+ contra/s & keep to ! same balance or modification ( color :]e ! slight contra/s are introduc$4 ,= ! liv+-room heavi] colors & %>p] contra/s may be introduc$4 ,b ! same /r5g? ( color %\ld be pres5t 9 all contra/s1 t ! s5se ( balance be ma9ta9$4 ,9 ! liv+-room w be assembl$ ^? ) v>i$ int]e/s & purposes4 ,s !re w be pres5t m or less ( a jumble ( diff]5t ?+s :i* = ! mom5t int]e/ ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! circle4 ,consequ5tly m lic5se is p]mitt$ 9 ! furni%+s4 ,b ^? ?+s :i* by _! design or con/ruction sugge/ au/]ity or dignity %\ld be =ev] bani%$ f ?is room4 ,9 fact1 we "k ( no room 9 ! mod]n h\se :]e !re is space to wa/e on furni%+s :i* sugge/ or actually imp>t discom=t4 ,! d9+-room %\ld be cozily1 ev5 joy\sly1 furni%$ ) ^? colors & designs :i* sugge/ /r5g? & satisfaction4 ,no half-way colors or designs w answ] "h4 ,! tones us$ mu/ be full1 ri*1 satisfy+1 & ! furniture %\ld complete ! sugge/ion4 ,! prevail+ /yles ( d9+-room furniture--p>ticul>ly ( ! *airs--seem to h be5 purposely plann$ utt]ly devoid ( com=t1 t ! occupant might n ev5 = a mom5t be lull$ into =getfulness ( ! bus9ess at h&1 b be urg$ to prosecute x ) dispat* & seek com=t else:]e4 ,illu/ration ,mu* ! same ?\ght seems to h e/abli%$ ! prevail+ /yles ( hall *airs & seats4 ,truly1 if ! *ance gue/ :o mu/ ne$s occupy "o ( !m until 8 id5tity is e/abli%$ %\ld judge ( ! hospitality ( ! ho/ by ! com=t ( ^! furni%+s1 he w\ld make ha/e to dep>t :ile 8 we>i$ limbs c\ld /ill p]=m _! (fice4 ,! reception-hall & draw+-room are1 p]haps1 ! two places mo/ anxi\sly consid]$ 9 ! plann+ ( ! h\se4 ,!re seems to be a mi/ak5 idea t ^! places1 :i* are mo/ se5 by /rang]s1 %\ld be furni%$ z an adv]tisem5t ( ! f9ancial /&+ ( ! own]4 ,no matt] h[ mu* ! re/ ( ! h\se may suff]1 ^! places mu/ be lavi%ly1 ev5 extravagantly1 replete ) ev]y?+ t cu/om orda9s z necess>y to a /yli% h\se4 ,aga9/ extravagance z to value we h no qu>rel1 provid$ all ?+s are 9 keep+1 b we d oppose ! g>i% assembl+ ( co/ly goods :i* d n make = com=t or beauty or utility4 ,h extravagance if y w1 b n riot2 luxury1 b n pr(usion2 com=t1 b n /ock display4 ,z to ! arrangem5t ( ! v>i\s pieces ( furniture we w\ld /rongly advise a /udy ( nature's s*eme4 ,note ! v>iety ( %apes & sizes ( ! trees ( ! =e/2 ! brok51 sympa!tic1 undulat+ surfaces ( undi/urb$ "m e>?4 ,note h[ well acqua9t$ & ev5 famili> ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! l&scape seem to be2 h[ ! tall tree nods & rea*es d[n to ! %ort "o & ! l[ "o rea*es up to ! high "o2 h[ ! knoll sweeps gracefully d[n to ! level glade & h[ ! glade runs up to ! knoll4 ,ev]y:]e is ! *>m ( relat$ v>iety & h>moni\s gr\p+ ( equaliz$ diff]5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #ace ,illu/ration3 ,fig #acc ,illu/ration3 ,fig #acd ,ev]y?+ 9 nature is =m$ & plac$ = purpose1 & "h is ! keynote ( h>moni\s int]ior arrangem5t4 ,= in/ance1 "h is a draw+-room ) appropriate & well-*os5 pieces ( furniture4 ,h[ !n %all we arrange !m8 ,imag9e ! room peopl$ ) a *att]+ ga!r+ ( av]age p4 ,?is /\t all-ov]-uphol/]$ arm*air w\ld be occupi$ by "o ( ! portly memb]s ( ! gr\p1 & z ^! p]sons w\ld by contra/ appe> l>g] & m portly 9 contact ) ^? ( light] build 7a *ance ( comp>ison :i* !y /udi\sly avoid71 we w dispose ! heavi] pieces ( furniture1 if n altoge!r remov$ f ! light] & m frail1 at lea/ ) int]m$i>ies betwe5 9 ! %ape ( pieces :i* possess1 9 a measure1 ! *>act]i/ics ( bo?4 ,pres]ve ! balance ( ! room by di/ribut+ ! weight mu* z y w\ld if x 7 a disk revolv+ on a c5tral po9t4 ,if !re is a mantel "h on ! left1 ov] !re some:]e on ! "r w\ld be a good place = ! upright piano4 ,if ! cosey corn] is 9 ! s\!a/ corn]1 !n ! eye in/9ctively seeks a correspond+ piece ( capaci\s seat room 9 ! vic9ity ( ! nor?we/ corn]4 ,cont9ue ?is ?\ght4 ,seat y\r imag9>y gue/s 9 nglig conv]sational gr\ps1 draw+ "s ( ! pieces confid5tially ne> to ea* o!r1 & y w 9 a great measure h solv$ ! knack ( pleas+ furniture arrangem5t4 ,to rea* ?is consummation we said t ! articles 7 9 ! fir/ place appropriate & well *os51 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be ! basis ( ! furni%+ s*eme4 ,if we might1 we w\ld plead = great] simplicity 9 furniture selection1 less ( ! g>i%ness & m ( ! subpurpose/antiality ( goods built to satisfy & to la/2 n necess>ily ! cumb]som5ess ( ,mission1 b ! pleas+ /yles ( ,%]aton's "w1 :]e /r5g? 0 clo!d ) grace ( outl9e & disguis$ ) unobtrusive ornam5tation4 ,we look = a /yle some:at simil> 9 "* & purpose to gr[ out ( ! pres5t ,arts & ,crafts & ,mission1 :i* h appeal$ s /rongly to ornam5t-satiat$ appetites2 t grace w be add$ to /r5g?1 & *a/e ornam5t to simplicity ( con/ruction4 ,,cosey ,,corn]s4 ,all t has be5 said 9 reg>d to appropriat5ess 9 g5]al furni%+s is true 9 a conc5trat$ s5se ( ! cosey corn]4 ,applicable & suitable 9 almo/ e room ( ! h\se1 x %\ld be all t ! "n implies4 ,! simple desire = its possession %\ld be no excuse = its introduction 9 a location :]e coz9ess or ev5 com=t w\ld be an impossibility4 ,a cosey seat %\ld nev] be plac$ 9 a position :]e its pres5ce w\ld con/itute a nuisance1 z be=e a w9d[ or 9 a doorway4 ,x usually appe>s lonesome away f ! wall1 & z its atmosph]e is retir+ x %\ld occupy ! lea/ conspicu\s position4 ,x is n int5d$ z a s+le seat1 & %\ld !re=e be fairly commodi\s b n oppressively l>ge4 ,&1 above all1 x %\ld be com=table4 ,z to color1 ! cosey seat & all o!r l>ge uphol/]$ pieces %\ld foll[ ! dom9ant color tone ( ! room1 ! contra/s be+ introduc$ 9 ! small] pieces4 ,we illu/rate a few ( ! treatm5ts :i* s]ve ?is useful purpose & con=m to ! prevail+ ?\ght 9 reg>d to /yle1 %ape & g5]al utility4 ,figure #acc1 "o ( ! common types1 is con/ruct$ ( a b5* seat1 loose cu%ion1 box pleat$ valance1 & curta9 back4 ,9 suitable cov]+ ?is /yle c\ld be introduc$ 9 almo/ any room ( ! h\se1 b is mo/ us$ = d51 sitt+ & b$room corn]s4 ,figure #ace illu/rates apurpos5 all-ov]-uphol/]$ seat & back ) bric--brac %elf4 ,?is /yle is capable ( a great deal ( elaboration & is mu* us$ = reception & draw+-rooms4 ,made ) a poli%$ wood frame in/ead ( ! /uff-ov]1 x is mu* m da9ty 9 rooms :]e ! o!r furniture is delicate & ( ! %[ wood v>iety4 ,figure #acd is a heavi] type & m aft] ! /yle ( ,arts & ,crafts4 ,built to con=m ) ! o!r furni%+s1 ?is /yle is v appropriate = d9+-room1 libr>y1 hall1 club or d5 corn]s & l5ds an air ( solidity to ! room x occupies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #acf ,figure #acf illu/rates a d5 seat ) ov] canopy--! seat is provid$ ) a loose c\* ?r[ or cov] & ! canopy is made up ( two sc>f drap]ies & a pair ( curta9s ) a %irr$ ro( ( a pla9 color to mat* ! drap]ies4 ,!re is opportunity = a great deal ( +5uity 9 ! con/ruction ( ^! fitm5ts1 & by foll[+ ! motif or !me ( ! g5]al furni%+ s*eme ( a room y w h little difficulty 9 evolv+ fitm5ts t w n only suit _! environm5t1 b w be an arti/ic addition to ! furniture ( ! room4 ,,wall-,,hang+s4 ,if ! walls ( a room are cov]$ ) a fabric !re is usually less difficulty 9 work+ out a complete s*eme ( color h>mony1 & = t reason ! use ( fabric wall cov]+s is usually recomm5d$ by ! decorator :o und]takes ! complete furni%+ ( a room or suite4 ,al?\gh !re are little tricks & wr9kles = ! application ( special fabrics to special places :i* are acquir$ by practice1 9 ! ma9 wall cov]+ is q simple4 ,9 ,figure #acg we %[ ! plan ( a room measur$ = cov]+4 ,! walls are drawn z if !y _h be5 pu%$ out flat l ! sides ( a c>dbo>d box4 ,ea* wall is measur$ sep>ately1 & ! positions ( doors1 w9d[s1 recesses & projections accurately indicat$ on ! plan by ! prop] measurem5ts4 ,to cut ! sections = a wall su* z we illu/rate comm5ce ) section #a & ea* sep>ate section is cut & mat*$ to ! prec$+ "o1 s t ! patt]n w be cont9u\s ar\nd ! room2 ?is requires nice calculation to all[ = ! quantities ( patt]n t are consum$ by ! tack+ & back tack+ 9 ! angles1 b an all[ance ( two or ?ree in*es extra ea* way w usually be f\nd suffici5t to all[ ( ! patt]n be+ mat*$1 provid$ ! l5g?s h be5 cut at ! same patt]n4 ,upright seams only are p]missible 9 wall fabrics1 & ^! %\ld be z few z possible & p]fectly plumb4 ,illu/ration ,aft] hav+ cut ! fir/ l5g? ) ab\t ?ree in*es extra = h&l+1 if ! next l5g? :5 mat*$ w\ld cut to wa/e1 try "o ( ! %ort] l5g?s or two ( ! %ort ones toge!r--if ?is /ill causes wa/e try ! o!r end ( ! goods--nev] cut goods to wa/e until y h exhau/$ e exp$i5t y "k to avoid x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #acg ,bevel$ wall /rips1 z ,figure #ach ,a1 are plac$ at top1 bottom & bo? sides ( e sep>ate space z well z ar\nd all project+ frames1 z w9d[s & doors2 ^! are securely fa/5$ to ! /udd+ by nails or screws1 & all holes 9 ! pla/] cov]$ ) pa/$ pap] to prev5t du/ sift+ out4 ,! d\ble l9es ( ,figure #acg illu/rate :]e bevel$ /rips are necess>y & provide = two 9 e angle corn] & two also on ! face ( ea* project+ corn]4 ,"o ( ^?1 h[ev]1 us$ 9 ea* angle1 z numb] #b ( ,figure #ach ,b1 is only tempor>ily fa/5$ at fir/4 ,comm5c+ ) section #a cov] ! walls fir/ ) %ak] or canton flannel l9+ tack$ smoo?ly & ev5ly on ! /rips1 z ,figure #ach2 next spread ! cov]+ out1 atta*+ x tempor>ily to ! top /rip until y get x 9 place1 !n comm5c+ 9 ! c5tre at ,x tack ea* way1 keep+ ! edge /raight & tight1 b n /ret*$4 ,drop a plumb l9e f ! top ov] ! c5tre seam & /ret* ! seam d[n z ! l9e indicates1 tack x tempor>ily1 & d ?is ) all ! seams2 n[ pull d[n half way betwe5 ! seams & tack p]man5tly1 halve ! two spaces ?us made & tack aga9 & cont9ue halv+ & tack+ until ! bottom is all tack$ 9 place1 tak+ c>e to /ret* ! goods s t ! patt]n is p]fectly /raight at ! bottom4 ,n[ /ret* ea* side & tack x closely into ! angles1 z ! tacks on /rip numb] #a mu/ be cov]$ by ! ?ick edge ( /rip numb] #b1 ,figure #ach ,b2 n[ take ! loose /rip numb] #b :i* 0 remov$ to all[ ! tacks to drive close up into ! corn]4 ,aft] mat*+ ! exact "p ( ! patt]n :i* is to turn 9 ( ! next section1 tack ! m>k$ edge ( goods to ! back edge ( /rip #b1 nail ! /rip 9 place s t !re is no gap betwe5 ! two angle /rips4 ,cov] ! wall ) l9+ & /ret* ! cov] across f ! tack$ side1 fa/5 x tempor>ily & !n comm5c+ at ! side :i* is fa/5$ p]man5tly tack across ! top1 keep+ ! top tight1 b n /ret*$1 /ret* d[n & plumb ! seams & f9i% z be=e4 ,! detail ( proc$ure = ,figure #acg w\ld be z foll[s3 ,section #a tack$ all ar\nd4 ,section #b back tack$ at ,b /ret*$ ar\nd ,c & to tack at ,e4 ,section #c back tack$ at ,e & /ret*$ to ,f4 ,section #d back$ tack$ at ,f & /ret*$ ar\nd ,g to ,h4 ,back tack ,section #e at ,h1 /ret* to ,i4 ,back tack #f at ,i1 /ret* to ,j4 ,back tack #g at ,j1 /ret* ar\nd ,k & ,l to ,m4 ,back tack #h at ,m1 /ret* to ,n4 ,back tack #i at ,n1 /ret* ar\nd ,o to angle ,p4 ,back tack #aj at ,a1 /ret* ar\nd ,s to ,r4 ,back tack half ( #aa at ,r & half at ,p1 & /ret* ea* to jo9 at ,l1 :i* has be5 *os5 z ! smalle/ place = a jo9 to be made by h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #ach ,fig #ach ,a ,fig #ach ,b ,f9i% at top & bottom & ar\nd w9d[s & doors ) a gimp or mold+1 & ! room is complete ) cont9u\s patt]n & e tack conceal$4 ,,awn+s ,,& ,,v]&a ,,curta9s ,awn+s are naturally divid$ into two classes--h\se awn+s & /ore awn+s4 ,( ! fir/1 ,figures #aci1 #adj & #ada illu/rate ! k9ds ( w9d[s mo/ frequ5tly met )4 ,figure #aci is an ord9>y squ>e top w9d[1 ( :i* ,figure #adb ,a is a side view 9 skeleton1 %[+ ! me?od ( atta*+ ! frame to ! w9d[1 & also ! relative size ( ! awn+ to ! w9d[4 ,to measure ?is w9d[ = an awn+1 measure ! wid? ( frame f c5tre to c5tre 7,a--,a71 & half ! di/ance f ! top ( ! frame to ! sill1 ) ?ree in*es add$ 7,a--,b74 ,^! measures are simple1 b %\ld be c>efully tak5 to ensure a good fit4 ,take note also ( any projections ( /one or brick :i* w\ld prev5t ! awn+ fitt+ closely to ! frame all ar\nd1 & be sure to all[ = ^! :5 mak+ ! awn+4 ,figure #ada is measur$ 9 l mann]1 & a record also made ( ! dep? f ! top ( ! c5tre to ! top ( ! /raight side ( ! frame 7,c--,b74 ,! r\nd top 7,figure #adj7 is measur$ = wid? & height z ! =ego+1 b ! height ( ! circul> sweep mu/ also be tak54 ,/ret* a tape or cord across at ,b--,b1 ! spr+ ( ! ar*1 & !n measure ! di/ance f ?is to ! top ( ! frame 7,b--,c74 ,if ! w9d[s are s con/ruct$ or are 9 su* a position t a projection ( ?ree in*es m ?an half ! height w\ld n be p]missible1 a measurem5t mu/ be tak5 = projection also2 b if !re is no?+ to int]f]e ) ?is am\nt ( projection ! height measurem5t w be suffici5t to det]m9e ! am\nt ( projection4 ,:5 ready to cut ! goods1 m>k out on y\r awn+ table 7:i* %\ld h a top measurem5t ( at lea/ #e4j #h4j1 & l>g] if possible7 ! measurem5ts z foll[s3 ,on "o end ( y\r table 7,figure #adc7 draw a l9e across x p>allel ) ! end & elev5 in*es f x4 ,n[1 atta*+ a tape at ,a1 "o end ( y\r l9e1 measure across to ,b1 ! projection ( y\r awn+ 7,a--,b1 ,figure #aci71 :i* is half ! height ( ! w9d[ & ?ree in*es extra4 ,place a tack at ,b1 ! po9t ?us det]m9$1 & !n measure up ! table ! height ( ! awn+ 79 ?is case ! same z ! projection74 ,place a tack at ?is measurem5t 7,d7 also1 & *alk a l9e across ! table2 fa/5 ! tape at tack ,d1 draw x across to tack ,b & d[n to ,c1 ! end ( ! table1 z indicat$ by ! heavy l9e2 add a c\ple ( in*es = hems1 & ?is measurem5t repres5ts ! l5g? ( ! top ( ! awn+4 ,plate #aee is a ready-reckon] = quantities requir$ = ! sizes !re9 conta9$ :5 ! projection & height are ! same4 ,to f9d ! height requir$ = ! top ( a giv5 size1 take1 = in/ance1 #c4j projection by #c4j high 7#c4,o #c4j71 ! top measurem5t is #d4c2 add #a4j = curta9 & ! total #e4c is rea*$4 ,to det]m9e ! numb] ( wid?s requir$ to make ! wid? ( ! awn+1 ref] to ! wid? table1 :i* gives ! f9i%$ measurem5t ( diff]5t numb]s ( wid?s :5 jo9$ toge!r4 ,cut a suffici5t numb] ( l5g?s ! size ne$$ z measur$ f ,d to ,c & jo9 !m up to aggregate ! wid? ( ! top ( ! awn+4 ,to cut ! ends draw ano!r *alk l9e elev5 in*es beyond po9t ,d on y\r table & m>k ! projection on x 7,f1 ,figure #adc7 & rule f ,f to ,c1 ! end ( ! table1 cutt+ ?r\gh ,b2 snap a *alk l9e f ,b to ,d 7z heavy l9e1 ,figure #adc74 ,take a flexible slat1 & plac+ x aga9/ ! tacks at ,d & ,b1 b5d x an in* beyond ! *alk l9e at ,g2 m>k ! curve ?us describ$ z dott$ l9e & repeat on ! o!r side ( ! l9e4 ,cut out along ! two curv$ l9es & across at ,f1 :i* w give y two complete ends1 & if ! goods are rev]sible 7i4 e41 ! same on bo? surfaces71 by turn+ "o end ov] ^! two =m a pair4 ,%\ld ! goods n be rev]sible1 & !re are two awn+s to make :i* are ! same size1 m>k "o set 7z ,figure #adc71 & ! next set bias$ f ,a to ,h1 & ?is w give y two pairs ( ends4 ,or1 if only "o awn+ is to be made1 & ! goods are n rev]sible1 ea* end is plann$ out sep>ately by rul+ ! patt]n 7z ,figure #adc7 & piec+ ! goods out to fill ! space outl9$ by ,d--,b--,c & ,i4 ,to assemble ! pieces ! ends are jo9$ to ! top1 z indicat$ by figure #add1 ! edge ( ! top =m+ a b9d+ ov] ! bias$ edge ( ! end 7see ,figure #add ,a1 a cross section ( ! seam74 ,scallop ! bottom edge z indicat$ by dott$ l9es1 s t ea* /ripe c5tres 9 ! scallop 7z ,figure #add7 & sew a two-in* /rip or b& ( ! duck on ! inside ( ! awn+ to receive ! iron1 z indicat$ by dott$ l9es1 ,figures #add & #ade4 ,figure #ade also indicates :]e pat*es ( ! same mat]ial1 ab\t f\r in*es squ>e1 are sewn to ! top 7inside7 to re9=ce ! r+s ?r\gh :i* ! ropes pass1 & ! me?od ( atta*+ ! rope to ! iron1 small op5+s be+ left 9 ! b& = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration ,awn+ r+s are sewn along ! top edge at int]vals ( six in*es1 & also "o at ea* end ( ! b&1 z ,x1 ,figures #add & #ade4 ,m\nt ! awn+ by slid+ ! iron ?r\gh ! pocket betwe5 ! b& & ! awn+ prop]2 ?read ! ropes ?r\gh ! r+s s z to lead to ! "r side ( ! awn+ f inside ! room1 z ,figure #ade1 & z ,figures #adb ,a & ,b1 :i* %[ an awn+ iron 9 position1 b uncov]$ to %[ ! rop+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aci ,fig #adj ,fig #ada ,fig #adb ,fig #adb ,a ,fig #adb ,b ,fig #adc ,fig #add ,fig #add ,a ,fig #ade ,fig #adf ,fig #adf ,a ,fig #adg ,fig #adh ,fig #adh ,a ,fig #adh ,b ,fig #adi ,fig #adi ,b ,fig #aej ,fig #aej ,a ,fig #aej ,b ,fig #aej ,c ,to put up ! awn+1 fa/5 ! cleat ,b 7,figure #adb ,a7 9 position1 !n1 by measur+ ! positions ( ! ropes on ! front ( ! iron1 det]m9e :]e pulleys or screw-eyes w h to be plac$ to be 9 l9e ) ! ropes2 put ^! 9 & pass ! ropes ?r\gh !m1 pull up ! awn+ & fa/5 ! ropes to ! cleat4 ,! weight ( ! awn+ is n[ held 9 position1 & x is a simple matt] to put 9 ! hooks at ! top1 "o = ea* r+4 ,l[] ! awn+ until x hangs 9 position 7z ,figure #adb71 ! iron support$ by ! cov]4 ,adju/ ! feet at ,a 7,figure #adb ,a71 s t ! iron hangs squ>e & true1 & fa/5 !m 9 place4 ,te/ ! ropes to see t ! awn+ raises prop]ly & easily1 & ! job is complete4 ,= r\nd elliptic or %ap$ tops1 z ,figures #adj & #ada1 we pref] to cut ! awn+ f ! iron itself4 ,fa/5 ! iron to ! floor 7z ,figure #adf7 & !n let x lie flat1 z dott$ l9e1 :ile y m>k out its %ape & dim5sions on ! floor4 ,raise x aga9 to ! p]p5dicul> & fa/5 x ) a cord1 z indicat$1 s t x w /ay 9 an upright position4 ,measure ! di/ance f ,a on ! dott$ l9e to ,b on ! iron2 all[ a c\ple ( in*es at ea* end = hems1 & cut a l5g? ?is size4 ,try ?is on ! iron & dott$ l9e1 & measure ! l5g? = ! next piece to jo9 to ?is "o4 ,repeat ?is until en\gh are jo9$ to rea* ar\nd ! iron1 & comm5c+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! iron & dott$ l9e p9 & tack ! goods smoo?ly to ! %ape ?us outl9$1 work+ all ! fullness out to ! corn]s 7z ,figure #adf ,a74 ,m>k ! l9e describ$ by y\r tacks1 :i* h foll[$ ! dott$ l9e on y\r floor1 & m>k ! goods on ! edge ( ! iron all ar\nd2 all[ = seams beyond ^! m>ks & cut ! surplus away4 ,turn a half-in* hem ar\nd ! edge m>k$ on ! floor & sew r+s to x = ! top edge4 ,cut & scallop a piece long en\gh to g ar\nd ! l5g? ( ! iron & sew ?is to ! edge ( ! cov] :]e m>k$ on ! iron4 ,lay ! scallop & cov] face to face & take an ord9>y seam1 s t :5 ! seam is op5$ out ! raw edges w be on ! "u side2 sew a two-in* b& b5ea? ?is seam = ! iron & pat* & rope x z be=e4 ,?is is ! simple/ & mo/ c]ta9 plan ( gett+ any %ape o!r ?an squ>e to fit ! iron prop]ly4 ,! =ego+ me?ods apply to all iron-frame awn+s :]e ! height equals ! projection4 ,x is sometimes requir$1 h[ev]1 t ! projection4 be great] ?an ! height1 t ! necess>y %ade be obta9$ & n h ! frame s l[ t x w\ld int]f]e ) ord9>y traffic b5ea? x4 ,to ov]come ?is diff]5ce slides may be us$1 l ,figure #adg1 :i* p]mit ! iron to drop to _! l[] ends1 z ,x--,x1 dott$ b>1 :5 draw+ up ! awn+1 & ! irons are pu%$ up & p9n$1 z illu/rat$1 :5 ! awn+ is fully ext5d$4 ,awn+ cov]s = irons ) slides h a b& on ! front edge only1 z side-b&s w\ld prev5t ! iron f desc5d+ ! slides4 ,! bottom corn] ( ! awn+ is held 9 place by a r+ & hook at ! top ( ! slide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,inside ,,( ,,v]&a ,fig #aea ,fig #aeb ,fig #aec ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aed ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,wid? ,feet ( ,yds ( ,feet ( ,yds ( ,projection ,iron ,duck ,projection ,iron ,duck ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #b-j #b-f #g #c #c-j #h #e #c-f #i #e #d-j #aj #f #d-f #aa #g #e-j #ab #h ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #b-f #b-f #g #c #c-j #h #e #c-f #i #e #d-j #aj #f #d-f #aa #g #e-j #ab #h ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #c-j #b-f #h #d #c-j #i #e #c-f #aj #f #d-j #aa #f #d-f #ab #g #e-j #ac #aj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #c-f #b-f #h #d #c-j #i #e #c-f #aj #f #d-j #aa #f #d-f #ab #i #e-j #ac #aj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #d-j #b-f #i #d #c-j #aj #e #c-f #aa #f #d-j #ab #h #d-f #ac #i #e-j #ad #aj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #d-f #b-f #i #d #c-j #aj #e #c-f #aa #g #d-j #ab #h #d-f #ac #i #e-j #ad #aj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #e-j #b-f #aj #d #c-j #aa #f #c-f #ab #g #d-j #ac #h #d-f #ad #i #e-j #ae #aj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,figure #adh illu/rates ano!r me?od ( obta9+ a great] projection ?an ! height by us+ an ext5d$ bracket1 ! iron ?r[+ up z dott$ b> ,x--,x2 :ile dott$ b>1 ,figure #adh ,a1 w\ld give great] projection1 /ill on ! same bracket1 by increas+ ! l5g? ( ! b> & l[]+ ! bracket till ! /raight "p ( ! b> is on a level ) ! front ( ! awn+4 ,illu/ration ,= awn+s wid] ?an #f4j1 ) a projection ( #d4j or ov]1 ! iron is usually made 9 ?ree sections 7z ,figure #adi71 & if m ?an #i4j wide a c5tre support is put 9 l ,figure #adi ,a4 ,small /ore awn+s may be made z above1 b = l>ge sizes roll] awn+s 7z ,figure #aej7 w be f\nd mu* m sub/antial & easy ( manipulation4 ,! roll] is ei!r made ( iron tub+ wrapp$ ) canvas & ! duck sewn to x1 or x c be built up ( wood 7z ,figure #aej ,c71 ! laps or jo9ts w\nd ) b& iron & ! :ole securely nail$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aee ,put an iron hoop on ea* end to keep ! p9 f spread+ x1 & provide "o end ) a spool 7z ,x1 ,figure #aej ,b74 ,! rope is atta*$ to & w\nd ^u ! spool & ! roll] put 9 ! brackets4 ,if ! roll] is long en\gh to require a c5tre support1 ,figure #adi ,b provides an excell5t bracket4 ,! side arms are plac$ 9 position z indicat$ 9 ,figure #aej1 s t !y w ?r[ up /raight ) ! edge ( ! b> 9 l9e ) ! roll] 7,figure #aej ,b74 ,! b> is made ( cle> /raight p9e #b #d in*es1 & ! duck is fir/ tack$ to ! roll] & !n to ! b>1 z ,figure #aej4 ,! ends are made & atta*$1 z illu/rat$ by ,figure #aej ,a1 & ne$ n be fur!r expla9$4 ,! awn+ is manipulat$ by pull+ ! rope :i* unw9ds1 caus+ ! roll] to revolve & releas+ ! rope all[s ! weight ( ! awn+ to make ! roll] revolve ! rev]se way1 w9d+ up ! rope4 ,v]&a awn+s are con/ruct$ z are o!r awn+s1 & increase ! com=t & %ade ( a v]&a1 ! same rule ( proportion z giv5 above be+ us$ 9 ! measur+ & ! feet ( ! iron atta*$ to ! po/s ( ! v]&a4 ,9 _m cases v]&a awn+s are impracticable1 & v]&a curta9s are us$ z a sub/itute4 ,^! are con/ruct$ to "w horizontally 7z ,figure #aea71 or m\nt$ on roll]s 7z ,figures #aeb & #aec74 ,( ! two /yles ^? ( ,figures #aeb & #aec are m pref]able1 because :5 n 9 use !y may be drawn up completely1 :ile ! o!r is m or less expos$ to ! elem5ts at all times4 ,! roll]s may be a spr+ %ade roll] m\nt$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 or a roll] ) a spool & cord1 id5tical 9 pr9ciple ) ! roll] %[n 9 ,figure #aej1 & ! bottom ( ! curta9 is provid$ ) snaps to hold x 9 place :5 d[n4 ,9 ,plate #aed we give a table ( ! ord9>y siz$ awn+s1 giv+ ! quantities ( iron & duck requir$ 9 _! mak+4 ,we h figur$ on ?irty-"o-in* rev]sible duck1 cutt+ ! ends z m>k$ out 9 ,figure #adc4 ,! awn+ trade is ess5tially a ,summ] trade & ! season necess>ily %ort1 & z cu/om]s usually po/pone ! pur*ase ( ^! ?+s until !y are really ne$$1 ?is "w mu/ be h&l$ quickly to be successful4 ,we h f\nd x a good plan :]e possible to arrange = recov]+ & r5ew+ ?is "w = regul> cu/om]s dur+ ! late ,w9t] mon?s1 :5 ! workroom is apt to be a little slack4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,application ,,( ,,grille ,,"w ,grille "w1 fret "w or lattice "w1 z x is v>i\sly t]m$1 may1 :5 prop]ly appli$1 s]ve a v useful & decorative purpose4 ,l _m o!r decorative articles1 h[ev]1 its uses are n always gov]n$ by its limitations1 & x is frequ5tly misappli$4 ,z an aid to decorative fabrics 9 ! arti/ic r$uction ( l>ge op5+s1 or z a p>tial scre5 or division t w n altoge!r ob/ruct ei!r ! vision or ! light1 x is unequall$ by any o!r uphol/]y adjunct4 ,sett+ aside its uses = (fice rail+s1 p>titions1 etc41 9 :i* we are n p>ticul>ly int]e/$1 we consid] x solely z a h\sehold fitm5t4 ,unlike o!r furni%+s1 su* z drap]ies1 *airs1 tables1 etc41 ! grille is ess5tially a "p ( ! room itself1 & %\ld con=m to ! /yle1 color & composition ( ! wood trimm+s ( ! room1 :i* practically means t ! fitm5t mu/ be made to ord]4 ,!re are scores ( ready-made /ock grilles & patt]ns on ! m>ket1 "s ( :i* c be appli$ ) comp>atively little tr\ble to diff]5t purposes1 b _! greate/ drawback z a g5]al decorative /ock is _! set /yle & f9i%1 & consequ5t lack ( sympa?y or relation to o!r furni%+s4 ,we h be5 cont9u\sly advocat+ uni=mity or con=mity z ! f\ndation ( decorative ?\ght1 & 9 no bran* ( ! trade is ?is m necess>y ?an 9 ! application ( grille "w4 ,few p w\ld h ! c\rage to advocate ! use ( qu>t]$-oak poli%$ doors 9 a room ) :ite enamel$ wood trims1 & yet grille "w made & f9i%$ 9 natural oak is confid5tly %[n by "s salesm5 z equally suitable = wea!r$ oak d9+-rooms1 ,ori5tal d5s or ,l\is ,,xvi draw+-rooms4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! salesman or *eck-book hold]'s end ( ! bus9ess1 & ) inc5tives 9 ! way ( tally %eets & sell+ p]c5tage1 small wond] if he consid]s ! am\nt ( ! sale r ?an ! suitability ( ! article4 ,x w\ld be bett] = ! trade g5]ally if e salesman c\ld h exp]t tra9+ 9 ! application ( ! goods he sells1 & we believe ?is is possible to ! man :o /udies & pr(its by exp]i5ce4 8,!re is always in=mation = ! man :o is will+ to dig10 b until ?is is consid]$ possible ! decision z to fitness re/s ) ! decorator4 ,we illu/rate sugge/ively a few designs 9 :i* ! practical elem5t is z mu* consid]$ z ! decorative4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aeg ,fig #aef ,fig #aeh ,fig #aei ,9 ,figure #aef grille "w is us$ to break ! l5g? ( a room & =m a p>tial division4 ,! weight ( ! :ole treatm5t %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 keep+ ) ! woodwork ( ! room1 & also ) due consid]ation ( ! size ( ! room itself1 a l>ge room requir+ ! use ( heavi] woodwork ?an a small "o1 & ! columns prop]ly proportion$ to ! am\nt ( woodwork 9 ! upp] portion ( ! grille :i* !y support4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #afj ,fig #afa ,?is treatm5t c be effectually employ$ to divide a l>ge bay w9d[ f ! room prop]1 to divide a hallway1 or to r$uce ! size ( a l>ge op5+ betwe5 two rooms4 ,figure #aeg illu/rates ano!r application ( ! same idea1 ) "o side only support$ f ! floor4 ,:ile x is n absolutely necess>y t ! patt]n 9 grill "w %\ld be exactly duplicat$ on ea* side ( ! c5tre1 ! balance or symmetry mu/ be reta9$ by hav+ ! same body or expanse ( woodwork on ea* side ( ! c5tre1 or :5 a drap]y is us$1 z 9 ?is case1 x %\ld be s dispos$ z to equalize ! appe>ance ( ! grille by hav+ ! heavie/ "p ( ! drap]y opposite to ! heavie/ side ( ! grille "w4 ,figure #aeh illu/rates an ar*way treat$ ) a grille & drap]y =m+ an entrance to a b[ w9d[4 ,bo? sides ( ?is treatm5t balance1 & ! dep? ( ! :ole is det]m9$ by ! height ( ! room1 suffici5t room be+ provid$ = a com=table passage b5ea?4 ,high doorways may be r$uc$ 9 height by us+ a /raight panel ( grille "w1 z ,figure #aei1 & :5 us$ 9 conjunction ) a pair ( portires ! slim appe>ance imp>t$ to an op5+ by long1 /raight portires may be avoid$4 ,rope portires1 z %[n 9 ,figure #aei1 s]ve mu* ! same purpose ( transp>5t decoration z grille "w1 & may be effectively employ$ = doorways1 ar*ways1 alcoves1 etc41 & z !y c be s easily procur$ 9 special colors to mat* _! surr\nd+s1 !y h become q popul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #afb ,9 ,figure #afj we illu/rate a comb9ation ( sc>f drap]y & grille corn]s4 ,?is idea c be employ$ 9 a great _m ways1 & ) diff]5t designs ( corn]s 7:i* c be f9i%$ to mat* ! desir$ woodwork71 "s v effective trims c be produc$4 ,illu/ration ,! metal grille %[n 9 ,figure #afa is made ( /rap iron or brass1 b5t to %ape & rivet$ toge!r 9 a frame4 ,x is provid$ ) two inc&esc5t lights1 s]v+ = illum9ation z well z decoration1 & squ>+ ! ar* = /raight portires4 ,?is idea ( doorway illum9ation has rec5tly be5 elaborately introduc$ by ! ,p>isian decorators 9 ! =m ( fe/oons ( electric jewels1 :i* sc9tillate & gl[ ) beautiful prismatic colors4 ,a door treatm5t aft] ! /yle ( ,figure #afb w\ld =m an attractive treatm5t = club1 hotel or ballrooms1 & ! idea admits ( almo/ endless v>iation4 ,illu/ration ,grilles are also made ( rattan1 ! patt]ns made up 9 ! scrolls & sp9dles common to rattan furniture1 & ord9>y manila rope1 /iff5$ ) glue1 :ile b5t into circles & scrolls1 c be assembl$ into v attractive grilles1 :i* are %ellack$ & v>ni%$ 9 natural or t9t$ colors4 ,"s ( ! mi/akes mo/ frequ5tly made 9 ! application ( grille "w are *>act]iz$ z foll[s3 8,us+ a design =eign to ! /yle ( ! room40 8,us+ too mu* grille = ! size ( ! space40 8,us+ dim9utive designs = l>ge spaces1 & vice v]sa40 8,poorly-balanc$1 top-heavy or lop-sid$ designs40 8,inh>moni\s color+40 ,always use a rule or rod :5 measur+ = grille "w2 nev] a tape4 ,take a patt]n ( all irregul> spaces & fit ! patt]n into ! space to insure its correctness be=e mak+ ! grille4 ,! prettie/ design may be hopelessly spoil$ by a poor fit1 & measurem5ts %\ld be absolutely accurate4 ,illu/ration ,,workroom ,,auxili>ies ,! workroom %\ld be *e]ful & well light$2 roomy & well-equipp$4 ,"s uphol/]y manag]s1 evid5tly consid]+ ! workroom a disagreeable ?\gh necess>y "p ( ! dep>tm5t1 d n give suffici5t att5tion to its location & furni%+4 ,p]haps "o ( ! reasons :y ! av]age uphol/]y buy] does n ?9k m highly ( ! workroom is because ( ! unsatisfactory comp>ison x pres5ts to ! /rictly m]*&ise end ( ! bus9ess4 ,he has comp>atively little difficulty 9 figur+ ! p]c5tage ( ga9 on tw5ty-five or fifty y>ds ( mat]ial cut (f ! piece & deliv]$1 & c easily det]m9e :e!r ! transaction 0 pr(itable or o!rwise4 ,b s5d t tw5ty-five or fifty y>ds ( mat]ial ?r\gh ! workroom1 & unless he is a practical man1 ?or\ghly und]/&+ ! nature & value ( ! "w p]=m$1 he is apt to feel t ! ratio ( pr(it is unc]ta94 ,we "k ( b "o way to (fset ?is feel+1 & t is by a c>efully ?\ght-out sy/em ( tally+1 s t ea* item t passes ?r\gh ! workroom w be accompani$ by a v\*] t %[s correctly all details ( ! "w p]=m$4 ,briefly enum]at$1 ! po9ts to be cov]$ 9 a sy/em are ab\t z foll[s3 #a4 ,a c>eful *eck on e item ( mat]ial directly or indirectly suppli$ to ! workroom4 #b4 ,a c>eful *>g+-up 9 ! workroom ( e item consum$ 9 ! completion ( ! "w4 #c4 ,a s]ial numb]$ %eet = ea* workroom ord]1 :i* is fil$ & index$ on ! completion ( ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afd4 #d4 ,all goods tak5 f ! dep>tm5t = use 9 ! workroom %\ld be duly accept$1 measur$1 *eck$ & receipt$ = by ! head ( ! workroom & ! receipt imm$iately deposit$ 9 ! (fice4 #e4 ,all goods receiv$ f ! workroom %\ld be exam9$ by ! salesman ^: ord] !y are1 & all surplus goods *eck$ & receipt$ = by him4 #f4 ,all goods tak5 to ! workroom %\ld be accompani$ by fulle/ writt5 in/ructions1 & "w %\ld n be comm5c$ until ! in/ructions are accept$ by ! head ( ! workroom4 #g4 ,all disputes relative to ! am\nt ( goods us$ %\ld be ref]r$ to ! manag]1 & on no acc\nt %\ld a salesman be p]mitt$ to alt] ! workroom report on any ord]4 #h4 ,on receipt ( ! f9i%$ "w ! salesman %\ld fill out on workroom v\*] 8 sales numb]1 ! am\nt *>g$ ! cu/om] = ! complet$ "w z cov]$ by ! workroom report1 ! date & ! numb] ( 8 sales *eck4 ,! head ( ! workroom %all1 aft] hav+ receipt$ = an ord]1 be held responsible = its execution )9 ! "t /at$1 & %\ld return ) ! complet$ ord] all surplus goods1 requir+ a receipt = same & deposit+ ! receipt 9 ! (fice4 ,by hav+ all receipts f dep>tm5t & workroom numb]$ ) ! s]ial numb]s ( ! "w-%eet to :i* ! ord] belongs1 x w be possible at any "t to v]ify ! quantities report$ z hav+ be5 consum$ 9 ! workroom1 & a *eck c be kept on e ord]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no plan :i* human +5uity c devise :i* w n dep5d on ! hone/y & c>efulness ( ^? :o op]ate x = its effectiv5ess1 & !re is e necessity = c>efulness & c]ta9ty 9 connection ) workroom managem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #afc4 ,! "w p]=m$ by outside m5 %\ld be j z c>efully record$--a prop] %eet %\ld be made out = ea* ord] %[+ ! nature ( ! "w & ! am\nt paid = x4 ,! workman %\ld record 8 "t & ! mat]ials us$1 & ! %eet %\ld be return$ to ! (fice = fil+4 ,) a sy/em su* z we sugge/ ! manag] has b to comp>e ^! reports ) 8 sal>y & exp5se li/ to asc]ta9 ! am\nt e>n$ by ! workroom /aff4 ,! equipm5t ( ! workroom %\ld at all times be fully adequate to ! dem&s ^u x1 & ! v smalle/ ( workrooms %\ld h at lea/3 ,a good sew+ ma*9e1 capable ( p]=m+ f9e or co>se "w2 a cutt+ table approximately #e--j by #ab--j2 a "w table #e--j by #i--j2 a press+ table #c--j by #f--j2 a drap+ bo>d1 a te/ pole1 a /eam] & a cupbo>d = f9i%$ "w4 ,z to ! sew+ ma*9e1 almo/ any reliable make ( ma*9e w d ! necess>y sew+ = ord9>y drap]y "w4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 special ma*9es = special k9ds ( "w1 su* z w9d[ %ades1 awn+s1 bobb9et curta9s1 etc41 :i* greatly facilitate _! manufacture4 ,poor ma*9es ( any k9d 7human or me*anical7 are false economy4 ,! cutt+ table %\ld h a level1 smoo? top1 & %\ld be s situat$ t ! op]ator c walk all ar\nd x4 ,if cov]$ ) :ite table oil-clo? ! measur+ l9es plac$ ^u x f "t to "t c be wa%$ (f1 & ! top is always smoo? & free f sliv]s4 ,! "w table %\ld h a good1 cle>1 s(t wood top1 & %\ld be p]man5tly m>k$ 9 feet1 ! fir/ foot at "o end be+ aga9 divid$ & m>k$ 9 in*es4 ,?is is ! table to :i* portires are tack$ 9 mak+1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! *apt] on portires4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #afe ,! press+ table %\ld be ( a conv5i5t height = press+1 & %\ld be padd$ to ab\t ! ?ickness t two lay]s ( an ord9>y blanket w\ld give x1 & !n cov]$ ) clean :ite unsiz$ cotton4 ,! drap]y blackbo>d %\ld be ab\t #e--j by #ae--j1 or l>g]1 if conv5i5t1 s plac$ t ! top ( x c be easily rea*$4 ,! use ( ?is bo>d has be5 ref]r$ to 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 & ! illu/ration1 ,figure #afc1 gives fur!r explanation ( its purpose4 ,! te/ pole1 :i* is also %[n 9 ,figure #afd1 is us$ to te/ ! hang ( portires be=e & aft] cord+4 ,! op5+ c be set at any desir$ height1 & ! portires c be ?or\ghly exam9$ be=e leav+ ! workroom4 ,! /eam] %[n 9 ,figure #afe is us$ = /eam+ ! nap ( pile goods :i* h become cru%$1 ! cross p>titions ,a--,a are tightly /ret*$ pieces ( heavy cotton :i* absorb ! moi/ure1 & ! op5 top ( ! box is cov]$ ) sev]al ?icknesses ( ! same fabric4 ,! /eam ent]s ! intake at ,x1 & foll[s ! direction ( ! arr[s until x f9ally em]ges ?r\gh ! top4 ,! goods are drawn across ! top ( ! box b5ea? ! roll] nap side up1 & ! bru% roll] is made to revolve s z to lay ! nap 9 ! prop] direction :ile x is s(t5$ by ! /eam4 ,! motion ( bo? roll] & goods %\ld be /eady & cont9u\s f beg9n+ to end1 & %\ld be sl[ or quick accord+ to ! am\nt ( /eam pass+ ?r\gh ! fabric4 ,! quantity ( /eam %\ld be regulat$ s t x w j s(t5 ! fabric )\t mak+ x wet4 ,! hair ( ! bru% %\ld be %ort1 ev51 & fairly /iff4 ,! bru%es us$ 9 c>pet sweep]s :5 jo9$ end to end make good /eam] bru%es1 or ! roll] c be cov]$ ) mohair plu%1 s t ! nap =ms a bru%4 ,:ile x may n be always conv5i5t to con/ruct a /eam] l>ge en\gh to take ! wid? ( ! goods ) "o op]ation1 & z complete z ! "o h]e9 describ$1 ! quality ( ! "w p]=m$ by "o ( ?is k9d w repay ! ef=t ( build+ x4 ,drap]y "w t is n wor? do+ well is n wor? do+ at all1 & x is f> bett] to turn out a p]fect job at co/1 or ev5 at an occasional loss1 ?an to turn out poor "w t pays a big pr(it4 ,! cu/om] :o receives fir/class "w w usually return & w be will+ to pay y a fair price = y\r "w1 s t 9 ! end y may be rec\p$2 b ! cu/om] :o pays a big price = a poor & unsatisfactory article seldom returns to give y ano!r *ance4 ,x w\ld be a magnific5t a*ievem5t to make a workroom pay ?irty-?ree & "o-?ird p] c5t4 pr(it1 b ! *ief value ( a workroom lies n 9 its e>n+ p[] f a p] c5t4 /&po9t1 b r 9 its p[] to hold & satisfy critical cu/om & 9 ! educational sugge/iv5ess f9i%$ "w produces1 & :i* acc\nts = a l>ge am\nt ( ! y>d goods :i* are sold )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! workroom4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s pr9t]s'1 punctuation & spell+ errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4