,,! ,,fea!r ,,symbol ,,9 ,,anci5t ,,hopi ,,designs ,j4 ,,walt] ,,fewkes ,al?\gh ! prehi/oric ,indians ( ,tusayan h left no writt5 records 9 ! =ms ( books1 docum5ts1 or codices1 !re survives f _! "t a mo/ elaborate paleography :i* has be5 pres]v$ on imp]i%able mat]ial 9 ! dry soil ( ,arizona = sev]al c5turies4 ,?is paleography is a picture writ+1 (t5 highly symbolic & complicat$1 b f x ! /ud5t c obta9 an idea ( ,hopi ?\ght & its expression at t remote "t4 ,x reveals phases ( anci5t life :i* h be5 modifi$ or lo/ 9 ! subsequ5t developm5t ( ! race4 ,! mo/ abundant ( all objects f\nd 9 ! ru9s scatt]$ ov] ! ,s\?we/ are fragm5ts ( pott]y1 & if ! cemet]ies ( ^! anci5t habitations are excavat$ l>ge collections ( decorat$ b[ls1 vases1 & j>s may be _h f any ru9 ( consid]able size4 ,! majority ( ^! fragm5ts ( pott]y f ,tusayan are ri*ly decorat$ ) designs1 "s ( :i* are v complicat$4 ,! figures repres5t$ 9 ?is ornam5tation are (t5 reali/ic1 b _m are highly symbolic & conv5tionaliz$4 ,x is an object ( ! pres5t article to discuss "o symbol ( ! latt] gr\p1 & = ?is purpose ,i h *os5 ! fea!r1 :i*1 ?r\gh its metamorphosis 9 =m1 is "o ( ! m difficult to recognize4 ,be=e pass+ to a consid]ation ( ! fea!r 9 anci5t ,hopi symbolism1 x may be int]e/+ to note t v few ( ! figures ) :i* pott]y f pueblo ru9s is decorat$ h be5 int]pret$1 & we may say t ! /udy is z yet 9 its infancy4 ,! anci5t ,tusayan w>e be>s sev]al designs ( a simple1 geometric %ape1 :i* are widely di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole ,pueblo area ( ! ,s\?we/4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z my k ( anci5t ,pueblo paleography goes1 ! symbols ( ! fea!r z "h indicat$ are conf9$ to ru9s ( villages :i* are purely ,hopi 9 orig91 al?\gh !y may lat] be f\nd else:]e 9 ,arizona or ,new ,mexico4 ,i h %[n 9 sev]al previ\s publications on ! c]emonials ( ! ,hopi ritual ! significant "p :i* ! figure ( ! fea!r plays 9 ! decoration ( alt>s & c]emonial p>aph]nalia1 b ,i am unaw>e t any "o has yet call$ att5tion to ! v important use ( ! fea!r symbols 9 ! decoration ( anci5t ,hopi c]amics4 ,a pott]y ornam5tation has a religi\s int5t1 &1 s9ce f its pres5ce z a decorative elem5t !re is e reason to believe t ! fea!r 9 anci5t times held mu* ! same position 9 ! ritual z at pres5t1 x is in/ructive to trace its _m v>iations z a symbol4 ,:ile :at is "h writt5 is drawn m especially f ! paleography ( ,sikyatki1#a x is true1 likewise1 ( t repres5t$ 9 all ! ,tusayan ru9s :]e yell[ w>e is abundant4 ,i might in/ance examples f old ,cuopavi1 ,kisakobi or ,old ,walpi1 & ,old ,micoinovi4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 hold 9 all p>ticul>s :5 we /udy ! r$ w>e *>act]i/ic ( ! ru9s along ! ,little ,colorado riv]1 :]e ! fea!r takes ano!r symbolic =m n fully discuss$ 9 ! pres5t article4 ,x applies to repres5tations ( ! fea!r z depict$ on alt>s n[ 9 use 9 ,tusayan1 symbols ( fea!rs on dolls & c]emonial p>aph]nalia us$ by p :o are l9eal desc5dants ( ! inhabitants ( ! ru9$ pueblos m5tion$ above4 ,! ru9s ( ,sikyatki lie ab\t ?ree miles ea/ ( ,walpi1 & ! pueblo ( :i* !y are ! rema9s 0 de/roy$ previ\sly to ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,i h gr\p$ all ! /rik+ modifications 9 bird & fea!r symbols 9 close approximation 9 an in/allation ( ! m in/ructive pieces ( pott]y f ,sikyatki 9 ! ,national ,museum1 at ,wa%+ton1 & ! read] may !re f9d a l>g] s]ies illu/rat+ anci5t ,hopi paleography ?an has ev] be=e be5 display$4 ,a =?com+ report#b ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 "u ! auspices ( :i* in/itution ^! objects 7 collect$1 w describe ^! v>iations 9 detail1 & z ?is report is elaborately illu/rat$1 ! read] w soon h abundant publi%$ mat]ial f :i* to /udy modifications ( ! fea!r symbol 9 anci5t ,tusayan4 ,we h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ among ! _m figures ( animals :i* ! anci5t ,hopi pott] depict$ on h] w>es ! great gr\p to :i* any "o belongs4 ,f\r-legg$ animals ( two k9ds1 frogs & liz>ds1 are readily sep>at$ f mammals2 apodal reptiles or snakes are easily di/+ui%$ f bo?1 & !re is no difficulty 9 sep>at+ ! mo? or butt]fly f ! spid] or dragon-fly4 ,! great gr\p to :i* ! animal depict$ belongs is n difficult to discov]1 & f a l>ge s]ies ( relat$ designs "o may trace q readily ! *anges 9 =m :i* h result$ 9 highly conv5tionaliz$ modifications4 ,! mo/ con/ant gr\p ( animals *os5 = reali/ic or symbolic repres5tation on anci5t ,tusayan c]amic w>e is t ( birds4 ,m ?an two-?irds ( all ! pictographs on anci5t pott]y :]e animals are int5d$ repres5t avian =ms4 ,! modifications :i* ^! figures pass ?r\gh z !y become conv5tionaliz$ likewise exce$ 9 numb] & v>iety ^? ( any o!r animals1 & a compreh5sive /udy ( ! diff]5t symbols repres5t+ birds w\ld be a mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive "o4 ,?is /udy is important z a gr\nd-"w = ! foll[+ conclusions1 = 9 no o!r way c we id5tify z fea!rs "s ( ! highly modifi$ symbols :i* are "h consid]$4 ,an adequate discussion ( diff]5t =ms ( birds 9 anci5t designs w\ld necessitate m pages ( text & illu/rations ?an c\ld "h be devot$ to x4 ,if my conclusions seem ha/y1 ,i mu/ ask ! read] n to reject !m )\t exam9+ collat]al evid5ces :i* ,i h else:]e pres5t$4 ,! anci5t ,hopi decorator n only repres5t$ birds 9 _m m diff]5t %apes ?an %e did o!r animals1 b ev5 decorat$ o!r animals ) fea!rs 9 accordance ) anci5t traditions4 ,nor did %e /op ) animals2 symbolic figures ( ! sun or ! lightn+ or ! ra9b[ h symbols ( fea!rs atta*$ to !m1 & ?is1 to u incongru\s1 association is (t5 ess5tial to indicate ! symbol4 ,?is pr$om9ance 9 ! numb] ( pictures ( fea!r$ gods is a fai?ful reproduction ( d5iz5s ( _! anci5t ,pan!on4 ,! majority ( ! gods 7 avian 9 "*1 ev5 :5 an?ropomorphic4#c ,sev]al animals1 z my?ic liz>ds1 snakes1 & ev5 mammalian =ms1 are repres5t$ 9 anci5t pictography1 furni%$ ) cre/s ( fea!rs on _! heads4 ,^! are drawn 9 ?is way 9 con=mance ) anci5t leg5ds1 &1 ) traditions to guide u1 we h little difficulty 9 det]m9+ "s ( ! symbolic =ms :i* ! fea!r takes 9 pictography4 ,?is me?od is us$ by me z corroboratory evid5ce 9 det]m9+ ! prescrib$ symbols ( fea!rs :i* h be5 previ\sly id5tifi$ by _! relative positions on ! bodies ( birds4 ,x is pla91 ,i ?9k1 t hav+ det]m9$ f an avian figure ! =m ( ! organs & app5dages ( ! bird 9 _! diff]5t modifications1 due to conv5tionalism1 we are able to recognize ! symbolic =ms adopt$ by anci5t arti/s to repres5t ! fea!rs ( w+1 tail1 or body4 ,if figures ( fea!rs 7 s well drawn t we c\ld id5tify !m z su*1 we w\ld h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ a fea!r :5 drawn on a fragm5t ( pott]y1 :]e no o!r "p ( a bird 0 repres5t$4 ,an accurately drawn fea!r 9 su* cases w\ld be easily recogniz$2 b ! fea!rs made by ! anci5t ,hopi decorators ( pott]y 7 n accurate repres5tations--!y 7 symbolic4 ,! only way we c id5tify !m is by association4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! head1 body1 legs1 tail1 & w+s ( an animal :i* mu/ be a bird1 we exam9e ! sep>ate compon5ts :i* =m ! tail & conclude :at "p repres5ts a tail fea!r4 ,we use1 9 o!r words1 ! morphological me?od ( det]m9+ ! homologies ( organs & app5dages :i* we borr[ f naturali/s & apply to pictographs4 ,hav+ ?us det]m9$ ! symbol ( a tail or w+ fea!r f _! positions 9 repres5tations ( birds & fix+ 9 ! m9d its =m1 we are able to recognize x :]e x reappe>s1 isolat$1 or 9 new comb9ations4 ,:ile ?is way ( det]m9+ ! fea!r symbol 0 ! me?od adopt$1 !re 0 br\ght to its aid likewise ! te/imony ( liv+ prie/s1 among :om k ( "s ( ! anci5t symbols /ill survives4 ,?is latt] aid to a compreh5sion ( ! symbols ( anci5t paleography is valuable1 s f> z x goes1 b x does n take "o long to discov] t x is limit$ 9 its application4 ,_m anci5t designs are incompreh5sible to liv+ ,hopi prie/s1 & _! int]pretations are 9 "s cases simply conjectural4 ,! decay 9 k ( ! mean+s ( old symbols is due to ! fact t mo/ ( ! anci5t symbolism has be5 replac$ by ! mod]n4 ,9 _! draw+s ( animals ! anci5t ,hopi arti/s 7 (t5 f> f reali/ic4 ,!y violat$ _m fundam5tal rules 9 p]spective4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 pr(ile figures4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 = in/ance1 9 del9eat+ ! head ( an animal1 z se5 f "o side1 t bo? eyes are repres5t$4 ,! fea!rs ( a bird's tail1 normally on a horizontal plane1 are br\ght into a v]tical4 ,int]nal organs :i* are hidd5 f sight are sometimes repres5t$--a *>act]i/ic ( mod]n ,pueblo art1 :]e1 z 9 pictures ( antelopes1 x is n uncommon to f9d ! he>t & sophagus1 or ev5 ! inte/9al tract1 drawn z if ! animal 7 transp>5t4 ,9 a figure ( a bird %[n on plate ,,lix 9 my prelim9>y acc\nt ( ,sikyatki1 :]e ! arti/ app>5tly _h no available space 9 :i* to repres5t ! extremity ( ! tail1 x is b5t upw>d1 & ! tips ( ?ree fea!rs conv5tionaliz$ into ?ree triangles1 "o ( ! symbols ( w+ fea!rs1 z else:]e %[n4 ,9 _! simple/ =ms figures ( birds are crudely repres5t$1 consi/+ ( a head ) curv$ beak & elongat$ body1 :i* is cont9u$ backw>d into ?ree or f\r p>allel l9es1 repres5t+ tail fea!rs4 ,x is an in/ructive fact t ?ree#d seems to be ! pr$om9at+ numb] ( tail fea!rs 9 pictures ( birds1 z se5 9 ! clu/]s ( symbolic fea!rs1 f1 9 ! ri*ly decorat$ vase a "p ( :i* is depict$ 9 figure #e4 ,?is numb]1 h[ev]1 is n univ]sal1 = !re are _m well-drawn figures ( birds ) m ?an ?ree tail-fea!rs1 & 9 "s ( ! simpl] =ms !re are b two4 ,c]ta9 j>s 9 ! =m ( birds h ! w+ & tail fea!rs repres5t$ by p>allel l9es1 & ! same b&s are (t5 employ$ on ! bodies ( dolls to repres5t a fea!r$ g>m5t :i* "s my?ological p]sonages are reput$ to h worn4 ,"o ( ! common =ms ( ! fea!r symbol is %[n 9 figure #a1 :i* repres5ts ! tail ( a bird z pictur$ on a beautiful food bas9 f ,sikyatki4 ,9 ?is figure five fea!rs are repres5t$1 & ! *>act]i/ic m>k+ ( ea* fea!r is a division into a black & r$ zone by a diagonal l9e4 ,! upp] "p ( ! figure repres5ts ! body & ! two lat]al app5dages ! w+s1 :i* 9 ! orig9al figure are well repres5t$4 ,a figure ( fea!rs ) ! same outl9e1 b de/itute ( ! *>act]i/ic m>k+s ( figure #a1 may be se5 9 figure #b1 :]e ?ree fea!r symbols are repres5t$4 ,illu/ration3 #a #b ,figure #be repres5ts a cre/ compos$ ( ?ree fea!rs copi$ f a design on ! head ( a reptilian figure depict$ on ! int]ior ( a food bas9 f ,sikyatki4 ,!re are o!r figures ( animals :i* be> ?is symbolic =m ( fea!r on ! head1 & its occurr5ce z a decorative design on ! ext]ior ( food bas9s1 :]e !re is no o!r sugge/ion ( a bird1 is common4 ,! same =m ( ! fea!r symbol appe>s 9 figure #c1 :]e we h ! triangul> tips diff]5tly m>k$ f any ( ! previ\s symbols4 ,!re are 9 ! ,sikyatki collection designs repres5t+ birds :]e ! fea!rs ( ! tail are id5tical 9 %ape & m>k+s ) ^!1 & x is reasonable to suppose t 9 ?is figure !y repres5t ! same p>ts z :5 atta*$ to a picture ( a bird4 ,! fragm5t %[n 9 figure #c repres5ts a portion ( ! upp] surface ( a vase1 ( :i* ! dott$ l9e is ! bord] ( ! orifice4 ,hav+ det]m9$ f its position on a bird t ! ma9 design 9 figure #c is a conv5tionaliz$ fea!r1 let u see if !re is corroborative evid5ce f o!r s\rces tell+ ! same /ory4 ,9 mod]n ,hopi c]emonials ! prie/s use a small g\rd receptacle = sacr$ wat]1 specim5s ( :i* h be5 figur$ else:]e4#f ,x sometimes happ5s t an e>!n vase is us$ = ! same purpose4 ,?is wat] g\rd is cov]$ by a cotton net1 & fea!rs are ti$ to t "p ( ! net :i* surr\nds ! orifice4 ,:5 an e>!n vase is us$ a cotton /r+ is ti$ ar\nd ! neck ( ! vase1 & to ?is /r+ fea!rs are atta*$4 ,app>5tly we h a deep-seat$ & significant connection betwe5 ! anci5t vase & ! mod]n c]emonial c\nt]p>t ) app5d$ fea!rs4 ,! anci5t =m _h symbols ( fea!rs pa9t$ on ! upp] surface ab\t ! orifice1 ! mod]n has ! fea!r itself ti$ 9 ! same position4 ,9 ! design repres5t$ 9 figure #c we h1 !re=e1 symbols ( fea!rs repres5t$ z ti$ ar\nd ! neck ( an anci5t ,sikyatki vase4 ,! figure repres5ts only a portion ( ! top ( ?is vessel1 b gives en\gh to %[ ! g5]al "* ( ?is =m ( fea!r symbol4 ,if we comp>e ?is symbol ) ^? on ! head ( ! picture ( ,tuwup#g on ! upright slats ( ! ,katc9a alt>s ( mod]n times we w f9d an exact correspond5ce4 ,!y are also ! same 9 %ape & m>k+s z ! pa9t$ wood5 /icks repres5t+ fea!rs on ! heads ( sev]al dolls4#h ,! symbolic picture ( ! fea!r has /ill o!r modifications 9 its m>k+s f ! prec$+1 al?\gh pres]v+ ! same %ape4 ,"o ( ! mo/ highly conv5tionaliz$ symbolic figures ( ! fea!r is a triangle 9 :i* !re are two p>allel l9es on "o side4 ,?is =m ( ! fea!r symbol is said to be ! fea!r ( ! wild turkey1 & ! d\ble m>k+ recalls t ( a tail fea!r4 ,we f9d ?is symbol on ! angles ( ! lightn+ snakes ( ! s&-picture ( ! ,antelope alt> at ,cuopavi1#i on wood5 slats ( ! ,flute alt>s1#aj & else:]e4 ,i h c]amic objects f ! ru9s ( ,homolobi & ,*evlon :i* be> ?is =m ( fea!r symbol1 & x appe>s to h be5 us$ z f> s\? z ,p9$ale1 on ! nor!rn edge ( ! ,apa*e res]vation4 ,illu/ration3 #c #d #e ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful vessels f ! cemet]y ( ,sikyatki is ! butt]fly vase1 ! complicat$ design on :i* ,i h figur$ 9 plate ,,lx ( ! ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahie4 ,i h repres5t$ a sector ( ?is design 9 figure #e 9 ord] to po9t out ! fea!r decorations :i* =m an important elem5t 9 ! ornam5tation4 ,! o!r sectors closely resemble t figur$1 ) ! exception t ! butt]flies 9 alt]nat+ sections h diff]5t m>k+s on _! heads1 indicative ( ! sex4 ,! butt]fly "h repres5t$ is female1 & x is int]e/+ to note ! fact t ! symbol ( ! female 0 ! same :5 ?is vase 0 made z t n[ us$ 9 ,hopi c]emonials4#aa ,!re are ?ree clu/]s ( fea!rs 7f7 9 ?is section1 & ea* clu/] is compos$ ( ?ree memb]s4 ,"o ( ^! clu/]s corresponds ) ^? f ! head ( ! reptile1 figure #b4 ,! ?ree fea!rs %[n 9 ! cut bel[ ! butt]fly1 & p]iph]ally plac$ on ! surface ( ! vase1 are likewise fea!r symbols1 b z !y h diff]5t m>k+s f ! o!rs are probably f a diff]5t g5]a ( birds4 ,?is =m ( fea!r symbol is a common "o on anci5t ,sikyatki w>e4 ,"o ( ! be/ illu/rations may be se5 9 ! w+ ( ! bird :i* is figur$ on plate ,,lx ( my prelim9>y report on ,sikyatki 7op4 cit474 ,t portion ( ! w+ :i* reproduces ! w+ fea!rs is %[n 9 figure #d1 & its resemblance to ! fea!rs on figure #e w1 ,i ?9k1 be evid5t at a glance4#ab ,on sev]al ( ! food bas9s f ,sikyatki we f9d two or m fea!rs ( ?is k9d repres5t$ z hang+ f a r+-%ape or cresc5tic figure4 ,"o ( ! =m] is repres5t$ 9 plate ,,lxi ( ! ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahie4 ,! latt] symbol has come d[n to mod]n times1 & ! figure pa9t$ on a %ield ( ! ,soyalua c]emony1 repres5t$ 9 color on plate ,,civ ( my article on ,tusayan ,katc9as1#ac is almo/ an exact reproduction ( ! design on a ,sikyatki food bas94 ,?is is "o ( sev]al symbols on mod]n c]emonial p>aph]nalia :i* we c trace back ov] ?ree hundr$ ye>s by ! aid ( ar*aeology4 ,illu/ration3 #f #g ,! fea!r may lose all semblance to ! prec$+ =ms & become a simple triangle4 ,?is is ! case 9 figures #f & #g f a vase & food bas9 f ,sikyatki4 ,if ! :ole design1 ( :i* figure #f is "o w+1 7 repres5t$ we %\ld h no hesitancy 9 reg>d+ x a figure ( a bird4 ,f _! position on ?is figure1 !n1 we conclude t _! triangul> designs are w+ fea!rs4 ,if we seek to apply ! conclusion t ! triangul> figure repres5ts a fea!r to ! j>1 a portion ( :i* is %[n 9 figure #g1 we f9d t ! sev5 triangul> designs 9 ?is figure be> ! same relation to ! orifice ( ! j> z ! symbols ( fea!rs 9 figure #c4 ,?is relation%ip1 z w readily be se51 is confirmatory ( ! conclusion t ! fea!r symbol is sometimes r$uc$ to a simple triangle1 or1 look+ = corroborative evid5ce1 we approa* ! subject 9 ano!r way4 ,! conception ( a s]p5t ) a plum$ head is common 9 mod]n ,tusayan1 & we f9d sev]al s]p5ts repres5t$ on anci5t food bas9s f ,sikyatki4 ,two ( ^! figures h triangul> app5dages on top ( ! head1 &1 z !re are no o!r designs on t organ t c be ref]r$ to fea!rs1 we conclude t ! triangul> symbols repres5t ! fea!r$ cre/ ( ! ,great ,plum$ ,s]p5t4 ,evid5tly n all triangul> figures repres5t fea!rs1 = "s may be simply ornam5tal geometric designs2 b t _m figures ( ?is %ape are symbols ( fea!rs !re c h>dly be a reasonable d\bt1 f ! evid5ce adduc$ above4 ,f our /udies ( ! triangle z a w+ fea!r we are able to int]pret _m designs1 :]e all semblance to ! fea!r or w+ is lo/4 ,?us 9 ! upp] "p ( figure #g we h "o ( ! mo/ common designs on anci5t ,hopi c]amics4 ,!re is no?+ 9 x to sugge/ a bird's w+1 b if we comp>e x ) ! w+ on ! und\bt$ figure ( a bird 7figure #f7 we f9d a p]fect homology4 ,! pres5ce ( eagle fea!rs on anci5t ,hopi disks1 symbolic ( ! sun1 is frequ5t1 & fea!rs are /ill ins]t$ 9 a cornhusk bord] on ! m>g9 ( hoops cov]$ ) pa9t$ bucksk9 repres5t+ ! sun 9 mod]n ,tusayan c]emonies4#ad ,9 ! old =ms ( sun pictographs ! disk is repres5t$ by a circle1 & ! symbolic fea!rs are arrang$ 9 f\r clu/]s on ! m>g94 ,9 "s in/ances ea* ( ^! clu/]s ( fea!rs is accompani$ by a curv$ horn simil> to t ne> ! "r-h& clu/] ( fea!rs 9 figure #e4 ,! significance ( ?is curv$ addition is unkn[n to me1 b !re are a l>ge numb] ( specim5s 9 :i* a simil> design is associat$ ) two or m fea!rs4 ,9 figure #i we h a symbolic =m ( fea!r :i* is v common 9 anci5t ,hopi decorations4 ,! :ole design f :i* ?is 0 tak5 repres5ts a bird 9 :i* ! "p lett]$ w is ! w+ & b ! body4 ,x w be notic$ t ?is fea!r is atta*$ to ! body directly "u ! w+1 & z fea!rs f\nd on ! brea/ ( birds are at pres5t giv5 an especial signification 9 c]emonials1 x is suppos$ t ! symbol 9 ?is design has a simil> mean+4 ,?is symbol is !re=e id5tifi$ z ! brea/ fea!r4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,9 look+ ov] ! v>iety ( designs 9 :i* ?is =m ( ! fea!r symbol occurs1 "o ( ! mo/ in/ructive is %[n 9 figure #h1 f a food bas9 obta9$ at ,sikyatki by ,dr ,mill]1 ( ,prescott1 ,arizona1 aft] my excavations at t ru9 7 ab&on$4 ,! complete design on ?is b[l repres5ts a figure ) five triangul> p]iph]al ext5sions f a circul> b&1 & alt]nat+ ) ^! are five bundles#ae ( fea!rs ( ! symbolic =m %[n 9 figure #i4 ,?is design is probably a sun emblem1 al?\gh 9 figures ( ! sun tail-fea!rs 9 f\r clu/]s are m common4 ,! symbol ( ! fea!r %[n 9 figure #i likewise occurs on ! head ( a snake & t ( a bird :i* is figur$ on ! inside ( a ladle f\nd at ,sikyatki4 ,x is also repres5t$ on ! upp] surface ( sev]al vases 9 ! same relative position to ! orifice z ^? already describ$ & illu/rat$ 7figure #c74 ,! symbol ( a fea!r ) ! m>k+s %[n 9 figure #aj is likewise a common "o 9 ! decoration ( anci5t ,hopi c]amics4 ,! design "h reproduc$ 7figure #aj7 is a section ( a small1 beautiful vase1 ) ! decoration conf9$ to ! equatorial region4 ,f ?is zone hang symbols ( fea!rs1 "o ( :i* is pla9ly indicat$4 ,^! zones are repeat$ at int]vals ar\nd ! vase4 ,!y may be comp>able ) ! fea!rs ti$ ab\t mod]n c]emonial vessels to :i* ,i h else:]e ref]r$4#af ,illu/ration3 #i ,i h attempt$ 9 ! prec$+ pages to %[ ! symbolic =ms assum$ by "o lett]1 ! fea!r1 9 ! alphabet ( design on anci5t ,hopi c]amics4 ,^! designs1 or "s simple modifications ( !m1 occur 9 almo/ ?ree-f\r?s ( all ! decorat$ anci5t vessels ( ,tusayan4 ,) a little practice ! /ud5t c readily recognize !m1 ?us r5d]+ compreh5sible a mo/ important elem5t 9 anci5t ,hopi symbolism4 ,!re are two or ?ree o!r kn[n lett]s 9 ?is alphabet1 repres5t+ two or ?ree o!r types :i* c be id5tifi$ ) ! same ease1 b limit$ space prev5ts a consid]ation ( !m 9 ?is article4 ,illu/ration3 #aj ,z w\ld naturally be ! case ) an elem5t ( decoration s con/antly duplicat$ z ! fea!r1 !re are num]\s in/ances :]e x has become s *ang$ t :ile a figure 0 probably int5d$ = a fea!r symbol1 x is difficult to prove t x 0 su*4 ,^! d\btful cases are n1 !re=e1 discuss$ f ! unc]ta9ty :i* hangs ab\t _! id5tification4 ,i believe en\gh has be5 writt5 above to %[ t ! fea!r 0 reg>d$ by anci5t ,hopi pott]s z an important decorative motive1 & t its symbolism _h significant diff]5tiations1 s t ev5 diff]5t k9ds ( fea!rs 7 indicat$ by diff]5t m>k+s on ^? symbols4 ,consid]+ also h[ /rong a hold ! fea!r has on ! mod]n ,hopi m9d 9 c]emonial usages1 ,i am l$ to ! belief t its influ5ce on ! anci5t m9d 0 ( ! same g5]al "*4 ,?us we come back to a belief1 taught by o!r reason+1 t ornam5tation ( anci5t pott]y 0 some?+ high] ?an simple ef=t to beautify c]amic w>es4 ,! rul+ motive 9 decorat+ ^! anci5t vessels 0 a religi\s "o1 = 9 _! sy/em ev]y?+ 0 "u ! same sway4 ,e/hetic & religi\s feel+s 7 n diff]5tiat$1 ! "o impli$ ! o!r1 & to elaborately decorate a vessel )\t introduc+ a religi\s symbol 0 to ! anci5t pott] an impossibility4 ,?is union is weak] 9 ! m9d ( ! mod]n ,hopi1 yet /ill pot5t2 b z ! new conception ( beauty has cr[d$ out ! religi\s elem5t1 ! "* ( ! pott]y & its decoration h det]iorat$4 ,_m patt]ns :i* once _h a religi\s symbolism are me*anically foll[$1 ?r\gh cons]vatism1 & pott]y ( fair "* is /ill made1 b e ,pueblo %[s a m>k$ decad5ce 9 ! pott]'s art4 ,z "t goes by & ! ,hopi are m modifi$ by _! new environm5t--contact ) civilization--! :ite crock]y ( ! trad]s w replace ! aborig9al w>es4 ,?is w lead to a /ill great] deg5]acy ( native c]amics1 &1 if !y survive at all1 x w be m z a comm]cial product ?an a m$ium ( religi\s expression4 ,x c readily be se5 t ! decorations on pott]y made = ! trade w no long] be a spontane\s expression ( aborig9al art1 b imitative ( types ( beauty :i* please ! pur*as]4 ,into t condition mu* ( ! pott]y made 9 pueblos along ! railroad has already drift$1 & ,hopi pott]s are n beh9d _! neighbors 9 recogniz+ ^? decorative designs :i* please ! buy] & ^? :i* are mo/ (t5 reject$4 ,q 9 l9e ) :at is said above is ! feel+ :i* leads "s ( ! be/ pott]s ( ! ,ea/ ,mesa to imitate anci5t =ms ( decorations4 ,^! copies are adorn$ ) old patt]ns because e?nologi/s ask = anci5t w>e & pur*ase vessels ) imitations ( anci5t symbols m eag]ly ?an mod]n4 ,trade _c revive ! old religi\s feel+ :i* express$ itself on anci5t ,hopi c]amics or resuscitate ! defunct intimate union ( e/hetic & religi\s inspiration4 ,f9ally1 & ?is is embrac$ 9 ! prim>y reason :y ,i am int]e/$ 9 ! ar*eology ( ! ,s\?we/ or any o!r region1 a /udy ( ! religi\s decorative symbols ( anci5t pott]y is an inve/igation n alone ( ! peculi>ities ( "o clu/] ( m5 & wom5 9 anci5t ,arizona1 b ( religion 9 a *>act]i/ic environm5t4#ag ,a psy*ologi/ devises exp]im5ts 9 :i* he places individual m5 or animals "u conditions to obs]ve h[ !y are !reby affect$4 ,nature has p]=m$ a psy*ological exp]im5t on a gr& scale = ! e?nologi/ 9 ! semi-des]ts ( ,arizona1 & has set tribes ( m5 9 a special environm5t = our /udy4 ,! problem ( ! e?nologi/ is to consid] ! effect on religion z %[n 9 ! products or expression ( ! same4 ,! mo/ important e?nic *>act]i/ic ( man is 8 religion4 ,x di/+ui%es him f o!r animals & embraces all o!r m5tal *>act]i/ics1 sociology1 language1 & arts4 ,man c transmit 8 religi\s feel+s to po/]ity by leg5ds & by paleographic records4 ,! =m]1 if n record$1 may suff] *anges 9 transmission1 may be color$ by successive g5]ations1 :i* h he>d !m f _! eld]s & pass$ !m along to _! *ildr54 ,paleography does n *ange4 ,! anci5t pictures are ! same z :5 buri$ 9 ! anci5t graves4 ,we may n be able to fully int]pret !m1 b we are sure !y h n be5 mat]ially *ang$ 9 ! ye>s :i* sep>ate our "t f t 9 :i* !y 7 drawn4 ,imp]fect z ?is picture-writ+ is z a means ( transmitt+ to u ! religion ( prehi/oric ,tusayan :5 comp>$ ) writt5 docum5ts1 x w 9 connection ) leg5ds yield a ri* h>ve/ to ! /ud5t ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,pueblo beliefs4 ,! inve/igator :o neglects ?is elem5t 9 !m misses ! s\l ( ! /udy4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,= a discussion ( ! antiquity ( ,sikyatki1 see ,prehi/oric ,culture ( ,tusayan1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahif1 & ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahie4 #b ,a prelim9>y report w be f\nd 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahie4 #c ,! reason = ?is relatively l>ge numb] ( avian ov] o!r zoomorphic deities 9 ! ,hopi sy/em is n app>5t4 #d ,comp>e ! comb9ation ( ?ree fea!rs 9 ,aztec & ,maya symbolism4 #e ,?is figure %[s ! head bel[1 ) ! eye well drawn4 ,! cont9uation to ! left is ! neck1 t to ! "r a beg9n+ ( an elaborate sn\t4 #f ,a numb] ( ^! g\rds are figur$ 9 my acc\nts ( ,tusayan c]emony4 ,a vase ) atta*$ fea!rs1 call$ patne1 is repres5t$ on page #dc1 ,j\rn4 ,am]4 ,e?4 & ,ar*41 vol4 ,,iv4 #g ,j\rn4 ,am]4 ,e?4 & ,ar*41 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #hf1 #ajg2 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,may1 #ahig1 pp4 #acc1 #acd4 #h ,x w be se5 on consultation ( my article on ,dolls ( ! ,tusayan ,indians t !re are sev]al 9 :i* ! cre/s ( fea!rs on ! heads are repres5t$ by /icks ) symbolic m>k+s4 ,9 "s in/ances we h real fea!rs in/ead ( symbols4 ,an example ( ?is k9d is figur$ on page #acf1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,may1 #ahig4 #i ,tusayan ,snake ,c]emonies1 plate ,,lxxii4 #aj ,j\rn4 ,am]4 ,e?4 & ,ar*41 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #abj4 #aa ,see male & female lightn+ snakes on ,walpi ,antelope alt>4 #ab ,! ?ree arr[po9ts1 figure #d1 repres5t ! fl9t arr[po9ts :i* ! my?ic bird is reput$ to h worn 9 its fea!rs4 #ac ,fifte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 #ad ,tusayan ,katc9as1 ,fifte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 ,a figure ( ! symbolic sun disk f :i* ! fea!rs h be5 remov$ is giv5 on plate ,,civ ( t memoir4 #ae ,! bundle "h figur$ repres5ts eight fea!rs4 #af ,! symbol ( ! fea!r 0 pa9t$ on ! vase 9 anci5t times1 :]eas 9 mod]n vessels /r+$ fea!rs are ti$ 9 ! same positions4 ,probably ! latt] cu/om 0 also common 9 anci5t times4 #ag ,x is believ$ t ! religi\s s5tim5t p]meat$ & dom9at$ all anci5t ,hopi art z well z sociology1 & t a /udy ( ! symbolism ( ! decorations on anci5t pott]y is practically a /udy ( religion4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 - ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74