,,! ,,glue ,,book ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,glue-,,te/+ ,,laboratory 7,c\rtesy ( ,a4 ,t4 ,de9z]1 ,monroe1 ,mi*47 ,,! ,,glue ,,book ,,h[ ,,to ,,select ,,prep>e ,,& ,,use ,,glue ,a ,,%ort1 ,,practical ,,discussion ,,( ,,matt]s ,,important ,,to ,,e ,,glue ,,us] ,j4 ,a4 ,,tagg>t1 ,,tol$o1 ,o4 ,,copyright #aiac1 ,j4 ,a4 ,,tagg>t ,,au?or',s ,,note ,! purpose ( ?is manual is to provide a practical guide = glue us]s1 to help 9 elim9at+ wa/e & improv+ ! quality ( product4 ,t !re is an enorm\s wa/e due to improp] prep>ation & use ( glue is well kn[n to all :o are 9 t\* ) ! subject4 ,"s au?orities e/imate t #gj ( ! glue us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is improp]ly h&l$4 ,! actual wa/e is said to be 9 excess ( #be ( ! am\nt ( glue us$2 to say no?+ ( ! loss due to imp]fect condition ( ! complet$ "w4 ,! writ] kn[s f actual exp]i5ce t _m glue us]s are ignorant ( ! prop] me?ods to be employ$2 & t _m o!rs are c>eless1 or indiff]5t4 ,! h&l+ ( glue is a subject on :i* mu* new light has be5 %$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,!re is no long] any reason :y ! glue us] %\ld n "k ! correct me?ods to foll[4 ,?is treatise is int5d$ z a h&book = ! glue us] :o is int]e/$ 9 increas+ ! effici5cy ( 8 op]ations4 ,te*nical expressions h be5 avoid$1 ! :ole matt] be+ set =? z mu* z possible 9 ! ev]yday t]ms 9 famili> use 9 ! glue-room4 ,s f> z ! au?or c le>n1 f an ext5d$ inve/igation1 no book has be5 publi%$ on ?is subject exactly answ]+ ! ne$s ( ! av]age glue us]4 ,sev]al excell5t works are available :i* w\ld be int]e/+ to a man te*nically tra9$ 9 ! subject2 b al?\gh !y embody _m helpful sugge/ions1 !y are n 9 su* =m z to be ( ! greate/ value to ! practical man4 ,no pret5se is made = ! pres5t manual ( disclos+ new facts2 b r ( assembl+ 9 h&y & easy ref]5ce =m a summ>y ( ! be/ mod]n practice :i* ! glue us] ( today may rely ^u z a safe & conv5i5t guide4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,indu/ry ,glue indu/ry f\nd$ 9 ,am]ica by ,pet] ,coop]--increase 9 capital inve/$--increase 9 production--v>iety ( uses--increase 9 requirem5ts ,page #ae ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,glue ,s\rces f :i* glue is made--boil+ ! /ock--dry+--prep>ation 9 comm]cial =m ,page #ag ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,te/+ ,,& ,,grad+ ,,glue ,grades e/abli%$ by ,pet] ,coop]--! te/s--viscosity or fluidity te/--! jelly te/--app>atus = mak+ jelly te/--! f+] te/--a simple1 practical te/ = glue us]s--sampl+--bubbles--surface indications--color indications--alkal9e or acid quality--break+ quality--foam--grease--keep+ prop]ties--odor--laboratory te/ ,page #be ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,correct ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,! ,,glue-,,room ,mu* wa/e ?r\gh faulty me?ods--importance ( correct practice--soak glue 9 cold wat] be=e melt+--te/ glue by wat] absorption--appliance = wat] absorption te/--melt+ or dissolv+ glue--d n heat high] ?an #aej ,f4--apply heat indirectly--live /eam ru9s glue--use !rmomet]--heat glue sl[ly--clean+ ! melt+ pot--importance ( us+ copp]1 brass or alum9um ut5sils--gu>d aga9/ evaporation--melt only ! am\nt requir$--importance ( cleanl9ess--keep+ ! glue-room w>m--use by weight--/or+--apply+ glue--secur+ work]s' co-op]ation ,page #dc ,,*apt] ,v ,,mod]n ,,glue-,,room ,,equipm5t ,mod]n appliances n[ available = all us]s--only copp]1 brass or alum9um %\ld come 9 contact ) glue--! sci5tific glue-heat]--! automatic temp]ature controll]--keep /eam away f glue--glue spread]s--clamps & presses--di/ribut+ glue 9 l>ge plants ,page #fe ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,:i* ,,glue ,,to ,,use ,accurate records important--! be/ glue = wood jo9ts--v5e]s--siz+--pap] boxes--belt+ & o!r lea!r goods--bookb9d+--em]y purposes--h[ mu* to pay--wat]pro( glue--vegetable glue--quick-sett+ glue--flexible glue ,page #gi ,,! ,,glue ,,book ,,*apt] ,i ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,indu/ry ,glue is n[ s ext5sively us$1 & = s _m diff]5t purposes1 t x c]ta9ly des]ves mu* m intellig5t treatm5t at ! h&s ( us]s ?an x has receiv$ h]et(ore4 ,s9ce #ahcg1 9 :i* ye> ,pet] ,coop]1 :o may ju/ly be reg>d$ z ! f\nd] ( ! glue-mak+ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 produc$ ! fir/ ,am]ican-made glue1 ! ye>ly output has /eadily increas$4 ,by #ahhj1 ! am\nt ( capital inve/$ 9 ! mak+ ( glue _h rea*$ #d1jjj1jjj4 ,9 #aije1 x 0 #aj1jjj1jjj1 & is n[ betwe5 #ab1jjj1jjj & #ac1jjj1jjj4 ,! annual production has increas$ 9 ab\t ! same ratio4 ,9 #ahhj1 x 0 #d1jjj1jjj2 at pres5t x is ab\t #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,glue is an important by-product ( ! great pack+ h\ses4 ,^? 9 t\* ) ! indu/ry "k h[ ext5sively glue ent]s into ! manufacture ( articles ( ev]yday use4 ,! g5]al public h>dly realizes t glue is us$ n only 9 mak+ wood-jo9ts & v5e]s1 b 9 ! production ( pap]1 ( silks1 hats1 c>pets1 rugs1 & hundr$s ( o!r necessities4 ,am]ica n[ produces glue ( excell5t quality to meet practically all requirem5ts4 ,s great are ! requirem5ts t almo/ ! entire am\nt ( ! ,am]ican-made glue is absorb$ by ! home dem&4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,glue ,an und]/&+ ( ! s\rces f :i* glue is d]iv$ & ( ! processes ( manufacture w be f\nd ( practical importance to ! glue us]4 ,x w give _m valuable side-lights on ! prop] me?ods ( prep>ation & h&l+4 ,glue is an organic sub/ance ( adhesive prop]ties obta9$ f ! hides1 sk9s1 bones & s9ews ( cattle1 %eep1 de]1 horses1 & o!r animals4 ,tails1 sn\ts1 e>s1 & ! pi? ( ! horn are also us$4 ,"s glue is produc$ f ! heads1 bones & s9ews ( fi%4 ,! t5dons & inte/9es ( _m animals1 ! swimm+ bladd] ( _m v>ieties ( fi%2 rabbit sk9s1 or 8coney10 f :i* ! fur has be5 remov$2 old wa/e lea!r1 su* z gloves1 but*]s' (fal1 or 8c\ntry bone20 8junk0 bones1 & mu* o!r app>5tly wor?less matt]1 all contribute to ! raw mat]ial ( ! glue-mak]4 ,9 its broade/ s5se glue may be und]/ood to include gelat9e1 b ! use ( ! ^w is "h conf9$ to ! sub/ance kn[n comm]cially z glue1 & :i* 9 contra/ ) gelat9e has great] adhesiv5ess1 /iffness1 & ela/icity1 & is also d>k] 9 color & m ne>ly opaque4 ,nei!r gelat9e nor glue exi/s already =m$ 9 nature2 !y are bo? ! products ( ! action ( heat & wat] on nitrog5\s animal tissue4 ,x is n def9itely kn[n j h[ ?is *ange takes place4 ,"s writ]s reg>d glue z impure gelat9e2 o!rs believe t !re is a diff]5ce 9 nature betwe5 gelat9e & glue4 ,?is "q is )\t pres5t importance = our purpose4 ,,boil+ ,,! ,,/ock ,glue is produc$ by boil+ ! animal sub/ances m5tion$ above1 & dry+ ! result+ liquor4 ,! foll[+ may be not$ 9 connection ) ! use ( sk9s4 ,! out] cov]+1 9 :i* ! wool1 fur or hair is root$1 is ( no importance to ! glue-mak]4 ,! portion t produces ! glue lies next to x1 be+ compos$ ( fibres :i* run 9 e direction & conta9 ! fluid matt] :i* aids 9 keep+ ! sk9 moi/ & pliable4 ,! fat cells are directly b5ea? ! glue-yield+ portion1 & z fat is undesirable1 because x makes ! glue greasy1 ! %r$s ( fat are saponifi$ by be+ subject$ to a lime ba?4 ,! lime ba? is also useful 9 remov+ any hair /ill adh]+2 & is us$ also 9 prep>+ tissue1 to remove bloody & fle%y p>ticles4 ,?is "p ( ! process may consume f "o to ?ree days4 ,x may be not$ 9 pass+ t ! old] ! animal1 ! m solid ! glue w be4 ,on ?is acc\nt _m manufactur]s sort ! sk9s be=e us+4 ,be+ animal /ock1 ! raw mat]ial ( glue is subject to decomposition1 & ! scraps ( hide are !re=e c>efully pres]v$1 especially dur+ ! summ] season4 ,! tann]ies supply mo/ ( ! hide /ock1 b only wa/e pieces rea* ! glue manufactur]1 z lea!r is m valuable ?an glue1 & ! l>g] portion is !re=e res]v$ = ! tann]'s use4 ,v>i\s names are us$ to describe ! p>ts ( hide t ! tann] disc>ds = ! glue-mak]'s use--! heavy trimm+s are 8pieces20 ! hide p>$ (f ! hair or gra9 side1 8skiv+s20 ! p>ts scrap$ f ! fle% side are 8fle%+s40 ,at ! pack+ h\ses ! heads1 feet1 ribs1 & o!r bony /ructures g direct to ! glue-room4 ,if bone is sweet & fre% x is kn[n z 8gre510 or 8pack]0 bone4 ,! wa/e ( button & knife factories is also us$4 ,bones are usually gr\nd1 & !y are treat$ ) a sulphuric acid ba? to attack & sep>ate ! lime & gelat9e ( :i* ! bone is compos$4 ,bones1 aft] be+ treat$ 9 ?is way1 become pliable & s(t1 & ! sulphuric acid is !n remov$ by c5trifugal =ce4 ,! acid mu/ all be remov$1 z ! glue w granulate if any rema9s4 ,o!r p>ts ( ! /ock are always c>efully wa%$ be=e boil+4 ,aft] ! /ock has be5 prep>$1 x is plac$ 9 a boil] ) false bottom provid$ ) an op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! liquid may be run (f4 ,! boil+ ( ! /ock is an op]ation t mu/ be c>efully conduct$1 z ! application ( a great] degree ( heat1 or = a long] "t ?an is necess>y1 damages ! glue4 ,! boil] is heat$ by direct fir+4 ,z ! boil+ proce$s1 te/ quantities ( ! liquid are run (f = exam9ation1 & :5 a sample is f\nd on cool+ to =m a /iff jelly1 x is ready to draw (f4 ,! fir/ boil+ usually occupies ab\t eight h\rs4 ,:5 ! liquid has be5 run (f f ?is boil+1 m wat] is add$ & ! boil+ is cont9u$4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ until ! /ock has yield$ all ( its gelat9\s matt]4 ,z _m z six or eight boil+s may be made4 ,! liquid fir/ run (f--! 8fir/ boil+0--is always be/1 z ! effect ( repeat$ or prolong$ application ( heat is to weak5 ! glue tissue4 ,! lat] boil+s are also z a rule d>k] 9 color ?an ! e>li] ones4 ,,dry+ ,! glue-solution f ! boil+ process is run into wood5 tr\ghs or 8cool]s10 ab\t #f feet long1 #b feet broad1 & a foot deep1 9 :i* ! solution sets 9 a firm jelly4 ,:5 set1 a little wat] is run ov] ! surface1 ! jelly is deta*$ f ! cool]1 cut into uni=m slices ( ! ?ickness desir$1 & plac$ on galvaniz$ or l95 nets to dry4 ,dry+ may be done 9 ! op5 air if wea!r conditions are favorable1 or 9 a dry+-room4 ,! latt] me?od is pref]able4 ,conditions c be regulat$ to insure uni=m dry+4 ,piles ( ! nets1 or 8/acks10 are load$ on trucks & tak5 into ! dry+-room1 :]e !y are expos$ to ! effect ( w>m air curr5ts induc$ by bl[] or pressure fans1 or exhau/ or suction fans4 ,! dry+ is a s\rce ( conc]n to ! manufactur]4 ,x is extremely important to keep ! temp]ature at j ! "r po9t1 to protect ! glue f du/ & dirt1 & to avoid ! possibility ( bact]ial gr[? 9 ! glue-jelly1 :i* is v susceptible to ! developm5t ( h>mful organisms4 ,! f9al =m ( ! glue w be 9 %eets1 /rips or flakes1 or gr\nd4 ,= comm]cial purposes x is put up 9 packages1 bags & b>rels4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,te/+ ,,& ,,grad+ ,,glue ,!re is z yet no uni=mity ( op9ion among glue manufactur]s & glue us]s z to h[ glue %\ld be te/$ & grad$4 ,9 a g5]al way ! manufactur] kn[s :at k9d ( glue a c]ta9 /ock w produce2 b on acc\nt ( v>iations t are sure to occur1 x is necess>y to subject ea* glue to c]ta9 te/s1 accord+ to /&>ds m or less def9itely e/abli%$4 ,! grades 9 g5]al use are ^? orig9ally employ$ by ,pet] ,coop]1 & are z foll[s3 ,a ,,extra ,no4 #a #a x #a1 #a1 #a1 #a1 #a1 #a ,! only way to det]m9e :i* is ! be/ glue to use1 is by try+ out v>i\s grades 9 actual practice4 ,! be/ glues = ord9>y uses are well und]/ood 7see pages #gi to #he = sugge/ions on ?is subject74 ,betwe5 two or m glues ( any "o type1 actual exp]im5t is ! only safe guide4 ,mo/ glue m5 w give y good advice2 b above all1 keep accurate records ( results ( ! diff]5t grades us$4 ,:5 y h f\nd ! "r glue1 keep to x4 ,,! ,,te/s ,glue is grad$ on physical *>act]i/ics r ?an on *emical composition4 ,v>i\s *emical te/s h be5 propos$1 b !y are unimportant s f> z practical work+ value is conc]n$4 ,! mo/ important physical te/s are ^? = viscosity1 & jelly /r5g?4 ,,viscosity ,,or ,,fluidity ,,te/ ,! te/ = viscosity1 or fluidity1 is bas$ on ! idea t ! great] ! t5acity ( ! glue1 ! great] w be its cohesiv5ess1 & ! less w be its fl[+ p[]4 ,9 o!r words1 ! high] w be its viscosity4 ,9 te/+ = viscosity1 wat] is us$ z a /&>d4 ,a solution is made ( ! glue1 & ! rate ( fl[ ( ! solution at a c]ta9 temp]ature is comp>$ ) ! rate ( fl[ ( wat] "u ! same conditions4 ,sev]al devices are on ! m>ket "u ! "n ( 8viscosimet]0 = measur+ ! viscosity ( glue4 ,:ile !y v>y 9 detail !y are 9 pr9ciple a pipette f :i* ! glue-solution fl[s at a giv5 temp]ature4 ,! "t requir$ = ! glue to run out ( ! pipette z comp>$ ) ! "t consum$ 9 ! same op]ation by ! same quantity ( wat] gives ! relative viscosity ( ! glue4 ,! viscosity te/ is n entirely accurate 9 itself1 b tak5 9 connection ) ! jelly te/ x =ms a v satisfactory basis = grad+4 ,,! ,,jelly ,,te/ ,! jelly te/ is bas$ on ! comp>ative resi/ance p[] ( ! v>i\s glue-jellies4 ,sev]al me*anical devices = det]m9+ jelly-/r5g? h be5 p]fect$4 ,"o ( ^! consi/s ( a brass vessel :i* re/s ^u ! glue-jelly1 & into :i* %ot is p\r$2 ! weight ( ! cup & ! conta9$ %ot ^u hav+ p5etrat$ to a c]ta9 dep? 9 ! glue-jelly1 gives a figure :i* expresses ! comp>ative /r5g? ( ! jelly ) ! /&>d4 ,,app>atus ,,= ,,mak+ ,,jelly ,,te/ ,illu/ration3 ,app>atus = ,te/+ ,jelly-,/r5g? ( ,glue4 ,ano!r app>atus t has be5 f\nd accurate & practical is ! device illu/rat$ on ! next page4 ,x consi/s ( a pressure tube 7,a71 ov] ! m\? ( :i* is /ret*$ a ?9 rubb] diaphragm 7,b74 ,! tube connects to a rubb] bulb 7,m7 & to a pressure gauge1 or manomet] 7,e7 ) a scale 7,f74 ,! pressure tube is fill$ ) wat] to ! po9t 7,c74 ,! manomet] tubes also conta9 wat]4 ,a ?ree-way /op-cock 7,d7 connects ! tubes ei!r to ! bulb 7,m71 or to ! air1 dep5d+ on ! position4 ,bel[ ! pressure tube is a brass table 7,g71 on :i* is plac$ ! glass conta9+ ! glue-jelly to be te/$4 ,:5 ! glass is 9 position1 ! table is rais$ by means ( a ?read$ :eel until ! glue surface =ces ! wat] re/+ on ! flexible diaphragm up to ! fix$ m>k ,l4 ,!n ! /op-cock is turn$ to connect ! pressure tube & gauge to ! rubb] bulb4 ,by press+ ! bulb ! wat] is =c$ d[n 9 ! pressure tube & s exp&s ! diaphragm into ! jelly1 ! liquid 9 ! gauge ris+ simultane\sly4 ,pressure on ! bulb is cont9u$ until ! wat] rea*es ! m>k ,n4 ,!reupon ! /op-cock is aga9 turn$1 ! wat] is held at ! po9t ,n1 & ! pressure is indicat$ by ! height ( ! liquid 9 ! gauge4 ,! degree ( pressure is ! measure ( ! consi/5cy ( ! glue-jelly4 ,! initial contact betwe5 ! jelly & ! rubb] diaphragm is always ! same1 all jellies !re=e hav+ ! same initial pressure4 ,:5 ! diaphragm is =c$ d[n into ! jelly1 ! pressure requir$ dep5ds entirely ^u ! resi/ance t ! jelly (f]s4 ,! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 ! consi/5cies ( ! v>i\s jellies w alt] ! pressure requir$1 ! diff]5ces be+ accurately record$ by ! gauge ^u ! scale4 ,advantages ( ?is app>atus are t ! relative value ( ! jelly comp>$ ) ! /&>d is express$ 9 concrete figures2 ! me?od ( op]ation is simple2 & ! in/rum5t is s s5sitive t x w record a *ange 9 read+ betwe5 two samples ( glue 9 :i* a diff]5ce ( #a_/ajj? ounce ( dry glue is us$4 ,repeat$ te/s may be made on ! same jelly1 z ! surface is n brok54 ,) a little practice a s+le glue may be te/$ 9 tw5ty seconds1 or less4 ,,! ,,f+] ,,te/ ,"o ( ! mo/ satisfactory me?ods ( det]m9+ jelly-/r5g?--& ! "o p]haps 9 mo/ g5]al use1 is ! f+] te/4 ,9 ?is te/ ! v>i\s glue-jellies are arrang$ be=e ! te/]1 :o presses ea* ) ! tip ( ! f+]1 comp>+ x ) ! /&>d z to resi/ance p[]4 ,:ile ?is may seem to expose ! f9al decision too greatly to ! p]sonal equation1 z repres5t$ by ! p]sonality ( ! glue-te/]1 x is nev]!less true t an exp]t develops ! mo/ extraord9>y precision1 arriv+ at conclusions t are corroborat$ by ! results ( o!r te/s & by ! results 9 actual practice4 ,! "w ( ! glue-te/] is analog\s to t ( ! c(fee-ta/] & ! tea-ta/]1 or exp]ts 9 o!r l9es1 :o ?r\gh a highly develop$ & ke5ly discrim9at+ s5se ( ta/e1 or t\*1 or smell1 det]m9e ) extreme nicety ! physical *>act]i/ics ( ! sub/ances t !y are accu/om$ to te/4 ,,"s ,,simple1 ,,practical ,,te/s ,,= ,,glue ,,us]s ,to p]=m ! te/s describ$ requires a degree ( exp]i5ce & an equipm5t beyond ! rea* ( ! ord9>y buy] & us] ( glue4 ,c]ta9 te/s may h[ev] be made t are ( great value 9 det]m9+ important facts ab\t ! glue x is int5d$ to buy & use4 ,^! te/s c\ld n be us$ z a basis = grad+ glue sci5tifically1 b !y are exce$+ly valuable 9 det]m9+ its purity & its adaptability to ! "w 9 h&4 ,,sampl+ ,9 ! fir/ place y %\ld c>efully sample y\r glue ) a view to te/+4 ,take sev]al samples f v>i\s p>ts ( ! b>rel4 ,flake glue is (t5 made up ( diff]5t v>ieties1 & a s+le sample may n be at all repres5tative4 ,gr\nd glue1 f its v nature1 is easily adult]at$4 ,x %\ld be exam9$ 9 a good light1 = evid5ce ( =eign sub/ances4 ,exam9e flake glue c>efully also = uni=mity ( odor & g5]al appe>ance4 ,if glue has be5 adult]at$ :ile 9 orig9al =m x is practically impossible to det]m9e ! adult]ation by ext]nal appe>ance4 ,subsequ5t adult]ation may be detect$4 ,,bubbles ,if y %\ld notice :ite bubbles1 9 ! %ape ( r\nd blots1 on ! surface ( ! glue1 y h f\nd evid5ce ( decay4 ,if !re is any d\bt 9 y\r m9d y c complete ! evid5ce by moi/5+ ! glue4 ,if x gives (f a s\r odor y h an additional indication ( putrefaction4 ,su* glue %\ld be avoid$4 ,bubbles may appe> )9 ! glue--n on ! surface--)\t be+ an indication ( putrefaction4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 bubbles are practically always f\nd 9 c]ta9 high-grade glues1 ?\gh practically nev] 9 l[-grade bone or hide glues4 ,!y are suppos$ to be due to ! air :i* gets 9 :5 ! glue is p\r$ into ! m\lds4 ,:5 glue is orig9ally dri$ on nets 9 v cool & dry wea!r1 su* bubbles are frequ5tly f\nd4 ,always bew>e ( glue %[+ surface bubbles4 ,,surface ,,indications ,besides be+ free f bubbles or blots a good glue is smoo?1 ?\gh n necess>ily glossy4 ,sometimes ! v be/ glue w be ( a dull color1 & _m inf]ior glues ev5 h a v %9y surface4 ,! surface %\ld be uni=m 9 color & 9 appe>ance4 ,,color ,,indications ,^! are n important1 z a rule4 ,! color ( any p>ticul> lot ( glue %\ld be ne>ly uni=m2 o!rwise x is subject to ! suspicion ( adult]ation4 ,bone glues are usually d>k] ?an hide glues1 b "s bone glues g ?r\gh an artificial cl>ify+ process :i* gives !m ! appe>ance ( high-grade glues b really detracts f _! /r5g?4 ,v frequ5tly oxide ( z9c is add$ to glue1 ! effect be+ to make x set quickly1 z well z to give x a light color4 ,"s glues conta9 s mu* oxide ( z9c t !y are milk-:ite4 ,z9c oxide is n h>mful except :5 add$ 9 v l>ge quantities4 ,,alkal9e ,,or ,,acid ,,quality ,! be/ glues are neutral z to acid & alkali4 ,glues ) an excess ( acid %\ld be avoid$1 especially :5 us$ ) oak or *e/nut or o!r woods ) /rong acid qualities1 z ! acids 9 ! glue may unite ) ^? 9 ! wood 9 su* way z to h a de/ructive effect ^u ! glue4 ,9 su* cases ! glue w granulate aft] a "t & ! "w w pull ap>t4 ,:5 a wood is be+ us$ t is /rong 9 acid x is advisable to use a glue conta9+ en\gh oxide ( z9c to neutralize ! acid 9 ! wood4 ,9 mak+ siz+ = pap] a glue conta9+ ei!r acid or alkali 9 excess %\ld be avoid$4 ,x is also held by "s au?orities t acid 9 glue t5ds to br+ ab\t decay4 ,to te/ = alkali or acid1 dissolve a small quantity ( glue 9 wat] & dip a piece ( litmus pap] into ! solution4 ,acid w turn ! pap] violet or r$4 ,alkali w turn x blue4 ,litmus pap] may be procur$ at any drug /ore4 ,,break+ ,,quality ,?is is a simple te/ t af=ds an important indication ( ! quality ( glue4 ,take a small piece betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ea* h& & b5d x4 ,a v ?9 piece ( good glue w b5d )\t break+4 ,:5 x does break1 if ! edges are spl9t]y1 great t5sile /r5g? is indicat$4 ,a clean fracture1 on ! o!r h&1 indicates a brittle1 l[-grade glue1 :i* has be5 subject$ to heat s long z to de/roy ! tissue2 or else x has be5 made f bone /ock4 ,high-grade glues nev] %[ glassy fractures1 b bone glues d4 ,9 mak+ ?is te/1 ! air conditions ( ! room %\ld be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,if ! glue has be5 kept 9 a dry room x w naturally break mu* m readily ?an if x has be5 9 a moi/ atmosph]e4 ,?is is especially important to be> 9 m9d if comp>ative te/s are be+ made4 ,,foam ,a simple te/ = foam is to beat a solution ( glue ) an ord9>y eggbeat]4 ,glue :i* %[s foam1 or 9 :i* foam does n quickly subside1 probably conta9s impurities4 ,foam is especially frequ5t 9 alum-dri$ glues & 9 *eap bone glues4 ,"s au?orities believe t foam is caus$ by ov]heat+1 due to scald+ by contact ) /eam jacket1 or by /eam com+ into direct contact ) ! glue1 or by heat+ = too long a "t1 or x may be due to ! fact t all ! grease has n be5 eradicat$4 ,glue t foams at ord9>y temp]ature %\ld be avoid$ = good "w4 ,,grease ,a mod]ate am\nt ( grease may be a good ?+ :5 us+ ) clay or ) colors1 b a l>ge proportion ( grease %\ld be avoid$ :5 mak+ glaz$ or coat$ pap]s1 or 9 g5]al use4 ,a glue at ord9>y temp]ature :i* is n ov]heat$ on :i* a scum rises has an excessive am\nt ( grease4 ,x %[s t ! glue has n be5 prop]ly skimm$ 9 manufacture4 ,,keep+ ,,prop]ties ,! keep+ prop]ty ( glue may be det]m9$ by lett+ ! glue-jelly /& = sev]al days expos$ to ! air1 & not+ any det]ioration4 ,x is cu/om>y to let ! jelly /& at room temp]ature--b if ! glue is to be kept "u any special conditions ! te/ %\ld be made z ne>ly "u ^! conditions z possible4 ,,odor ,det]ioration is always accompani$ by a s\r odor4 ,avoid us+ any glue t does n smell clean & sweet4 ,,laboratory ,,te/s ,up-to-date practice 9 all ! l>g] conc]ns us+ glue dem&s a laboratory = mak+ te/s4 ,an exp]t is put 9 *>ge & ! glue analyz$ *emically z well z = its physical prop]ties4 ,?is me?od cuts ! guess-"w d[n to a m9imum4 ,manufactur]s ^: output w\ld n p]mit ! employm5t ( an exp]t all ! ye> r\nd c h glue analyz$ 9 laboratories ma9ta9$ = su* purposes4 ,x means (t5 a great sav+ ( money 9 ! end to le>n ! exact prop]ties ( ! glue y propose to use1 or t y may be actually us+4 ,we may also repeat :at we h already said ab\t secur+ compet5t advice f manufactur]s4 ,! glue us] :o takes a responsible manufactur] or glue h\se into 8 confid5ce w secure valuable c\nsel4 ,x is to ! glue-mak]'s & glue salesman's int]e/ to h y secure good results4 ,!y h a l>ge exp]i5ce to draw on1 & :5 *eck$ up by ! results f actual practice 9 y\r glue-room _! advice 9 reg>d to ! selection ( glues is usually wor? he$+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,correct ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,glue-,,room ,x is q c]ta9 t glue-room me?ods 9 _m factories are ye>s beh9d ! times4 ,?is is due to poor equipm5t1 to ignorance & to c>elessness4 ,_m factories c\ld n cont9ue 9 bus9ess if ! hit-&-miss me?ods ( ! glue-room prevail$ 9 o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,x is possible to spoil ! v be/ glue by improp] me?ods ( prep>ation2 & n only is a va/ am\nt ( glue r5d]$ totally unfit = satisfactory "w1 b a great deal is wa/$2 ! total loss1 ?r\gh faulty me?ods1 be+ ab\t #be ( ! entire am\nt us$4 ,!re is no reason :y !re %\ld be su* loss 9 ! glue-room4 ,! prop] me?ods ( proc$ure h be5 def9itely e/abli%$4 ,putt+ !m into effect n only saves glue1 b x enables bett] "w2 saves "t ( workm51 & increases greatly ! g5]al effici5cy ( glue-room op]ations4 ,! foll[+ rules are a guide to correct practice4 ,,always ,,soak ,,glue ,,9 ,,cold ,,wat] ,,be=e ,,melt+ ,! function ( soak+ is to get back into ! glue ! liquid x orig9ally conta9$4 ,soak+ 9 cold wat] gets ! glue into prop] condition to dissolve readily :5 heat is appli$4 ,if glue is soak$ 9 w>m wat]1 or if melt$ )\t soak+1 ! glue on ! outside w dissolve at once1 & ?is w coat ! rema9d] ) a film1 s t x w n readily dissolve1 except :5 heat is appli$ 9 a degree t is h>mful4 ,glue has an aff9ity = cold wat]4 ,good glue w absorb f #a times to #b times its weight ( cold wat]4 ,if glue is 9 flakes or /rips1 break up into small pieces4 ,soak ! pieces f #aj to #ab h\rs 9 cold wat]4 ,soak gr\nd glue #a to #d h\rs 9 cold wat]4 ,naturally ! ?9n] ! glue ! less "t requir$ = ?or\gh soak+4 ,! glue %\ld be soak$ ?r\gh ?or\ghly & n m]ely moi/5$ on ! outside4 ,y c det]m9e :e!r ! soak+ has be5 complet$ by break+ a piece 9 two & not+ conditions at ! c5tre4 ,if pieces are p]mitt$ to /ick out beyond ! level ( ! wat]1 ! natural result is t su* pieces w be only p>tially s(t5$4 ,z ! melt+ proce$s1 ^! w slip to ! bottom ( ! kettle1 & 9 ord] to melt !m long heat+ & high temp]ature are requir$4 ,?is means damag+ ! /r5g? & adhesiv5ess ( ! glue4 ,9 soak+ gr\nd glue x is a good plan to keep /irr+ z ! glue is add$ to ! wat] 9 ! soak+ vessel1 z ?is helps to keep ! f9e p>ticles ( glue imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 in/ead ( float+ on ! top4 ,?is is true also ( ?9-cut1 high te/ glues4 ,,use ,,only ,,pure1 ,,cold ,,wat] ,9 soak+ & ?9n+ glue1 use only pure1 cold wat]4 ,unless heat] is provid$ ) pure wat] atta*m5t or pure wat] *amb]1 avoid us+ wat] f ! glue-heat]4 ,d n use wat] f boil]s1 = su* wat] conta9s pipe-ru/1 acids f boil] comp\nds1 s$im5t1 & o!r matt] extremely h>mful to glue4 ,see to x t all soak+ vessels are scrupul\sly clean4 ,,te/+ ,,glue ,,by ,,wat] ,,absorption ,! soak+ ( glue 9 cold wat] be=e us+ is employ$ 9 "s factories z a basis = comp>ative te/ ( work+ quality4 ,! am\nt ( wat] absorb$ may v>y z mu* z #aj ounces 9 half a p\nd4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! glue t absorbs ! mo/ wat] is ( c\rse ! *eape/ to use4 ,z a comp>ative te/1 melt up say #aj p\nds ( glue & see h[ mu* "w x w d comp>$ ) ! glue y are n[ us+4 ,a ,,simple ,,glue-,,te/] ,,= ,,det]m9+ ,,wat] ,,absorption ,a simple & accurate app>atus may be _h = det]m9+ ! am\nt ( wat] ! glue w absorb = be/ work+ results1 & also :e!r ! am\nt ( wat] actually us$ is ! prop] am\nt = ?is p>ticul> glue4 ,x is important to "k ^! facts1 s9ce ! m wat] a glue w absorb "u prop] work+ conditions1 ! *eap] t glue is to use4 ,! app>atus 9 "q is illu/rat$ on ! next page4 ,x consi/s ( a copp] pot & a hydromet] arrang$ = a temp]ature ( #ge ,c41 or #afg ,f4 ,a sample ( ! glue to be te/$ is p\r$ into ! pot & ! hydromet] is sl[ly all[$ to s9k into ! solution until x f9ds its correct position4 ,if ! glue-solution is1 = in/ance1 #a "p glue to #c p>ts wat]1 ! hydromet] w drop to #be on ! hydromet] scale4 ,?is w %[ t y h #be dry glue 9 ! solution4 ,! hydromet] is fitt$ ) a temp]ature correction scale t enables ! read+s to be adju/$ to ! temp]ature ( ! glue-solution4 ,illu/ration3 ,app>atus = ,te/+ ,glue 9 ,solution ,by not+ ! work+ qualities ( glue prep>$ ) v>i\s proportions ( wat]1 y c det]m9e :at is ! correct am\nt ( wat] to use1 & !n by us+ ! hydromet] z ea* bat* is prep>$1 y c be sure t ! correct proportions are always be+ us$4 ,by mak+ read+s f "t to "t ) ! hydromet]1 y c also det]m9e ! am\nt ( evaporation t is go+ on1 & 9 ?is way gu>d aga9/ ! glue becom+ too ?ick = prop] use4 ,no special skill is requir$ to use ! hydromet]1 & ! read+s are s quickly made1 t te/s c be made 9 e dep>tm5t 9 :i* glue is us$ )\t loss ( "t4 ,,melt+1 ,,or ,,dissolv+1 ,,glue ,aft] ! glue has be5 soak$ 9 ! mann] describ$1 ! mo/ important "p ( ! process is und]tak5--t is1 ! melt+ ( ! glue by application ( heat4 ,! words 8mo/ important0 are us$ advis$ly4 ,x is safe to say t mo/ ( ! damage done to glue occurs 9 ! melt+ process4 ,!re are all k9ds ( ways ( melt+ glue1 b _m ( !m absolutely ru9 glue = practical "w4 ,z ?is is a v important subject1 x is well to get ! rudim5ts ?or\ghly 9 m9d--& = ?is purpose ! read] %\ld rememb] :at has be5 said ab\t ! nature ( glue--t x is made f animal matt]2 & t x is compos$ ( innum]able small fibres on ^: /r5g? ! hold+ p[] ( ! glue dep5ds4 ,:atev] injures & breaks d[n ^! fibres inevitably weak5s ! glue2 s t 9 melt+1 e c>e mu/ be obs]v$ to avoid ! break+ d[n ( ! glue-fibres4 ,! mo/ common de/ructive ag5t is heat4 ,j z ! application ( heat breaks d[n ! fibres ( a roa/ ( beef1 r5d]+ x 8t5d]0 z ! say+ is1 s ! prolong$ application ( heat1 or heat ( too great an int5sity1 w de/roy ! glue-fibres1 & !re=e radically impair _! value = actual use4 ,s1 x is absolutely necess>y to employ no m heat 9 melt+ glue ?an is requir$ to r$uce ! soak$ mass to ! prop] work+ consi/5cy4 ,,d ,,n ,,heat ,,glue ,,high] ,,?an #aej ,f4 ,by actual exp]i5ce x has be5 det]m9$ t a temp]ature ( #acj to #aej ,f4 is all t is requir$ to melt ! glue to ! requisite consi/5cy2 any great] heat is actually h>mful1 z x assi/s j s mu* m 9 ! process ( dis9tegration4 ,! t]m 8boil+10 or 8cook+10 nev] %\ld be appli$ to ! process ( glue melt+4 ,^! words imply a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4--& su* a temp]ature is ru9\s to glue4 ,9 produc+ glue f ! orig9al /ock--f ! hides1 bones1 s9ews1 etc41--boil+ is necess>y1 9 ord] to extract ! gelat9\s matt]--b z we h already se51 ! long] ! /ock is boil$1 ! weak] ! product4 8,fir/ boil+s0 are always be/4 ,9 prep>+ = use1 h[ev]1 boil+ is n necess>y2 !re=e1 nev] heat glue above #aej ,f4 ,,apply ,,heat ,,indirectly ,heat nev] %\ld be appli$ directly1 z ?is results 9 burn+1 or scald+1 ! glue4 ,"s glue-melt+ appliances h be5 con/ruct$ 9 :i* /eam is turn$ directly ^u ! glue mass4 ,?is is bad practice ( ! mo/ h>mful k9d4 ,/eam nev] %\ld come into direct contact ) glue4 ,! temp]ature ( /eam is always at lea/ #bab ,f4--"u pressure x is mu* high]--& consequ5tly x cooks ! glue & de/roys ! fibres4 ,live /eam burns glue j z x burns y\r h& if turn$ directly ^u x4 ,! de/ructive effect ( live /eam ^u glue may n be notic$ at once1 b "w on :i* ov]heat$ glue has be5 us$ w ev5tually pull ap>t on acc\nt ( ! de/ruction ( ! glue-fibres4 ,,live ,,/eam ,,ru9s ,,glue ,"o ( ! l>ge/ glue manufactur]s 9 ! c\ntry makes ! foll[+ comm5t on ?is subject3 8,9 reg>d to ! effect ( live /eam turn$ into a pot ( glue1 :e!r flake1 gr\nd1 or jelly--! glue w\ld become ov]heat$1 & y "k t always has a disa/r\s effect4 ,! temp]ature ( live /eam is #bab1 & "u pressure x is ev5 high]1 s t at lea/ ! glue ar\nd ! pipe w atta9 a temp]ature ( #bab4 ,! effect w be t ! glue w be cook$ to dea? & lose its /r5g?4 ,we w\ld c]ta9ly disc\rage ! application ( live /eam = dissolv+ glue z !re is no?+ to ga9 by x & ev]y?+ to lose40 ,op9ions ( o!r manufactur]s are unanim\s on ?is po9t4 8,we "k ( factories :]e !y h made a c>eful te/10 writes "o1 8& ! results obta9$ f glue :]e x 0 melt$ ) a live /eam jet & :]e x 0 dissolv$ 9 a jacket$ kettle 7 s greatly 9 favor ( ! latt] me?od t x is us$ univ]sally today40 ,a fur!r vital objection to ! use ( /eam direct is t ! /eam conta9s acids f boil] comp\nds1 dirt1 pipe-ru/ & s$im5t1 all ( !m injuri\s to ! /r5g? & to ! ela/icity ( glue4 ,!n too1 glue always takes up moi/ure f /eam4 ,?is *anges ! consi/5cy ( ! glue4 ,x leads to guess-"w4 ,! quantity ( wat] add$ to glue mu/ always be exactly regulat$4 ,turn+ live /eam on glue prev5ts proportions ( glue & wat] rema9+ con/ant4 ,,use ,a ,,!rmomet] ,! only safe proc$ure 9 melt+ glue is to use a !rmomet]4 ,if glue is melt$ 9 an op5 pot1 or "o 9 :i* ! cont5ts ( ! glue *amb] c be rea*$ easily1 an ord9>y drop !rmomet]1 encas$ 9 a frame = protection1 may be us$4 ,x is pref]able1 h[ev]1 to h ! !rmomet] a "p ( ! app>atus1 ) ! m]cury tube ext5d+ into ! glue *amb]4 ,9 ?is way x is easy to keep wat* on ! temp]ature ( ! glue mass at all times4 ,an improvem5t ev5 on ?is me?od is f\nd 9 ! automatic temp]ature controll] t may be _h ) "s glue-melt+ appliances1 by :i* ! supply ( heat is automatically regulat$4 ,:5 ! temp]ature 9 ! glue *amb] passes #aej ,f4--! absolute maximum ( safe temp]ature--! valve automatically closes & %uts (f ! heat1 re-op5+ aga9 :5 ! temp]ature has l[]$ f #e to #aj4 ,by ! use ( ! automatic temp]ature controll] ! temp]ature is kept at ! prop] po9t1 & !re is no necessity ( mak+ obs]vations ) ! !rmomet] except to v]ify y\r controll]4 ,! temp]ature controll] n only p]mits ! sci5tifically correct prep>ation ( glue1 prev5t+ ov]heat+ & ru9$ "w1 b saves also 9 exp5se ( sup]vision4 ,,heat ,,glue ,,sl[ly ,glue %\ld be heat$ sl[ly1 requir+ ab\t #cj m9utes4 ,rapid heat+ dissolves ! out] portions ( ! glue quickly1 & a scum is !n =m$ ov] ! re/ ( ! glue1 prev5t+ its prop] melt+4 ,! foll[+ precautions w be f\nd useful to put into practice4 ,,clean+ ,,! ,,melt+ ,,pot ,dirt ent]s ! melt+-pot ?r\gh ! glue itself1 ! introduction ( dirty bru%es1 or ! exposure ( ! pot to du/1 etc4 ,if glue is melt$ 9 a dirty pot1 ! sk9 =m+ on ! surface ( ! glue liquor gradually accumulates at ! sides ( ! kettle & sl[ly decomposes4 ,?is may or may n fall into subsequ5t melts1 ?us contam9at+ !m4 ,! only way to make sure t x w n d s is to clean ! pot4 ,mu* unnecess>y wa/e ( glue may be avoid$ ?r\gh obs]vance ( ! foll[+ proc$ure4 ,! cont5ts ( ! melt+-pot exhau/$1 scraps ( dri$ glue1 z well z scraps ( p>tially dri$ jelly adh]+ to ! sides %\ld be deta*$ me*anically1 z ?or\ghly z possible1 & exam9$4 ,if clean1 !y may be replac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! kettle2 if dirty1 !y are to be set aside tempor>ily4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 !y are cov]$ ) ! m9imum ( wat] necess>y to s(t51 & ! sides ( ! kettle swabb$ ) a little wat] 9 ord] to s(t5 any glue t has dri$ & has n be5 deta*$ me*anically4 ,! pot is !n g5tly heat$ 9 ord] to br+ ! scraps into solution1 ?is solution us$ 9 "w1 & ! pot ?or\ghly wa%$ out ) hot wat] & cool$ be=e soak+ a fre% portion ( glue4 ,if ! scraps h prov$ dirty1 b n s\r1 !y may be kept w>m en\gh to p]mit ! dirt to settle1 :5 ! glue may be us$ )\t risk4 ,if s\r !y mu/ be ?r[n away4 ,if ! glue-pot is prop]ly clean$ !re is no dang] ( s\r+ & all ! glue may be us$ )\t wa/e4 ,x may be cont5d$ t mu* labor may be sav$ by add+ suffici5t wat] = ! next melt1 & ?r\gh ?is means s(t5 all glue adh]+ to ! kettle 9 connection ) t add$ fre%4 ,x w be f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! fre%ly add$ glue w absorb ! bulk if n all ( ! wat]1 leav+ adh]+ scraps practically uns(t5$1 :i* 9 ?is way cont9ue to accumulate1 int]f]+ ) ! prop] work+ ( ! glue4 ,pots1 kettles1 bru%es1 ev]y?+ t comes into contact ) glue1 %\ld be regul>ly & rigidly inspect$1 & kept absolutely free f du/ & dirt4 ,?is is extremely important4 ,,use ,,copp] ,,& ,,brass ,,or ,,alum9um ,,ut5sils ,an important aid to cleanl9ess is ! use ( copp]1 alum9um or brass = all p>ts ( ! app>atus ) :i* glue comes into contact4 ,n only are copp]1 alum9um & brass ! *eape/ mat]ials to use 9 ! long run1 due to _! resi/+ acids 9 glue1 wat] & /eam :i* quickly corrode iron1 b copp]1 alum9um & brass are practically self-clean+4 ,iron equipm5t is especially bad4 ,x is mo/ exp5sive 9 ! end1 = iron is quickly eat5 away by acids 9 glue & wat]4 ,iron ru/s1 & ! ru/ impairs ! color & quality ( ! glue liquid4 ,d n use iron vessels "u any conditions4 ,,gu>d ,,aga9/ ,,evaporation ,a great deal ( wa/e 9 ! use ( glue is due to evaporation4 ,if glue is heat$ 9 op5 pots1 evaporation is v great4 ,evaporation weak5s glue2 makes x too ?ick = use1 & also makes x v unev5 9 quality4 ,glue %\ld always be melt$ 9 a clos$ vessel4 ,,d ,,n ,,melt ,,too ,,mu* ,,at ,,"o ,,"t ,z glue det]iorates quickly if all[$ to /&1 no m %\ld be prep>$ ?an is ne$$ = a s+le day's "w4 ,x is ev5 bett] to prep>e x twice or (t5] dur+ ! day4 ,if glue is dissolv$ at ! prop] temp]ature & kept at t same temp]ature aft] melt+1 no noticeable det]ioration results dur+ ! c\rse ( ! work+ day4 ,b if all[$ to /& ov] night its value decreases1 & x %\ld n be mix$ ) fre% glue1 z x is n ( ! same consi/5cy4 ,) practice & obs]vation y c easily det]m9e ea* day's ne$s 9 advance & prep>e ea* morn+ j ! "r am\nt4 ,,cleanl9ess ,,( ,,fir/ ,,importance ,glue is extremely s5sitive to impurities4 ,cultures ( g]ms are gr[n by bact]iologi/s 9 gelat9e glue because !y af=d an ideal bre$+ place = g]ms4 ,glue quickly absorbs odors1 & decays rapidly if expos$ to impurities4 ,decay$ or decay+ glue is n only extremely unpleasant to h&le1 b x is wor?less to "w )4 ,keep y\r glue clean4 ,keep x away f /rong odors4 ,glue w keep sweet & clean be=e melt+ j z long z y c>e to keep x s4 ,,keep ,,glue-,,room ,,w>m ,,& ,,free ,,f ,,drafts ,glue c n be expect$ to d good "w if n kept at uni=m temp]ature4 ,see t ! glue-room is ( a temp]ature t facilitates uni=m consi/5cy ( glue4 ,avoid possibility ( drafts & consequ5t *ill+ ( ! melt$ glue4 ,d n let glue freeze4 ,if glue-jelly is froz5 ?r\gh x w crumble & act ab\t l ov]heat$ glue4 ,glue froz5 only ar\nd ! edges does n %[ pron\nc$ det]ioration4 ,d n take any *ances4 ,keep ! glue-room temp]ature above freez+ at all times4 ,,use ,,by ,,weight ,glue is sold by ! p\nd & %\ld be us$ by ! p\nd4 ,weigh n only ! glue1 b weigh ! wat] z well4 ,keep an accurate record ( weights4 ,,/or+ ,glue %\ld be /or$ 9 a dry place4 ,b>rels %\ld n be unhead$ prematurely1 & aft] hav+ be5 op5$ %\ld be kept cov]$ :5 n 9 use4 ,,apply+ ,,glue ,all surfaces to :i* glue is to be appli$ %\ld be w>m & dry4 ,hot glue w *ill if appli$ to a cold surface1 & if wood is be+ glu$1 moi/ure w h ! effect ( clogg+ ! pores ( ! wood4 ,heat dries & exp&s ! pores1 all[+ ! glue-fibres to p5etrate deeply1 ?us insur+ p]fect adhesion4 ,at ! same "t !re is dang] ( gett+ wood too dry1 mak+ x absorb too mu* glue1 & too spe$ily4 ,?is causes a v quick sett+1 & may result 9 8/>v+0 ! glue jo9t4 ,"s us]s on ?is acc\nt recomm5d add+ a little moi/ure to ! surface ( /ock1 by /eam+ or by application ( a little w>m wat]4 ,!re is m or less unc]ta9ty on ?is subject4 ,z a g5]al conclusion x is safe to say t /ock mu/ always be w>m2 surplus moi/ure mu/ be expell$2 no 8gre50 /ock mu/ be us$4 ,"h aga91 z 9 s _m o!r problems ( ! glue-room1 obs]vation ( results "u actual conditions %\ld be ! guide to practice4 ,,secur+ ,,work]s' ,,co-,,op]ation ,"o m ?+ ( extreme importance--! employ] %\ld d ev]y?+ possible to secure ! co-op]ation ( e work] 9 ! glue-room1 f ! =eman d[n1 9 us+ prop] me?ods4 ,a little p]sonal int]e/ "h w be rew>d$ a ?\s& fold4 ,provide y\r workm5 ) prop] equipm5t1 :i* 9 itself enc\rages cleanl9ess1 & %[ !m h[ ! quality ( "w may be improv$4 ,%[ !m t an unclean1 ill-smell+ glue-pot is unnecess>y4 ,%[ !m t !re is a "r way1 & a wrong way1 to prep>e glue--& ! "r way is ! way to use4 ,introduce sy/em into ! glue-room1 z into e o!r "p ( ! plant4 ,_m work]s are /ill ignorant ( mod]n glue me?ods4 ,x is ! duty ( ! employ] to "k :at ! correct practice is1 & to see t x is employ$ 9 8 glue-room4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,mod]n ,,glue-,,room ,,equipm5t ,) ! increas$ k ( ! nature ( glue1 & ( prop] me?ods ( h&l+1 has come a great improvem5t 9 app>atus us$4 ,! primitive way ( melt+ glue 0 to heat x 9 an op5 pot ov] a fire4 ,no he$ 0 giv5 to ! loss ?r\gh evaporation2 nor to ! scald+ ( glue2 nor to ! dirty condition ( ! glue-pot1 & consequ5tly contam9ation ( fre% glue by ! rema9s ( =m] melts frequ5tly occurr$4 ,we say 8primitive0 me?ods advis$ly 9 speak+ ( ?is old-"t way ( melt+ glue2 = 9 ! light ( mod]n k su* me?ods belong to a day gone by4 ,yet "s glue-rooms /ill use ! old op5 glue-pot1 & _m o!rs use app>atus :i* %[s little1 if any1 improvem5t4 ,mod]n glue-room appliances are n[ available = e glue-room1 = e purpose4 ,no glue us]1 l>ge or small1 c af=d to use any b mod]n1 sci5tific equipm5t4 ,! sav+ 9 "t1 & 9 mat]ials1 & 9 improv$ quality ( ! complet$ "w1 & 9 ! great] respect & increas$ effici5cy ( work]s 9 ! glue-room1 all ^! ?+s result 9 quickly repay+ ! increas$ outlay requir$4 ,,only ,,copp]1 ,,brass1 ,,alum9um ,,%\ld ,,come ,,into ,,contact ,,) ,,glue ,! advantage ( us+ copp]1 brass1 & alum9um 9 glue-room appliances1 due to _! self-cleans+ prop]ties1 already has be5 m5tion$4 ,9 app>atus design$ = melt+ glue ! use ( copp]1 brass1 & alum9um is absolutely requir$ = economy & good results4 ,copp]1 brass1 & alum9um are ! only mat]ials available t are n affect$ unfavorably by ! action ( acids 9 glue1 /eam & wat]2 by boil] comp\nds1 dirt1 pipe-ru/ & s$im5t4 ,an iron agitator or /irr] 9 a glue-heat] is corrod$ s quickly by ! acids 9 glue1 wat] & /eam t 9 six mon?s x is unfit = use4 ,a brass agitator1 on ! o!r h&1 w la/ practically =ev]4 ,s x is ) e "p ( ! glue-heat] ) :i* glue comes into direct contact4 ,! glue us] :o has _h exp]i5ce ) galvaniz$ iron heat]s does n ne$ to be told t ! iron quickly is eat5 away & ! app>atus r5d]$ unfit = use4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! "p ( wisdom to inve/ 9 copp]1 brass1 & alum9um equipm5t1 to :i* metals !re is practically no 8we>-out40 ,glue-room equipm5t ( iron is /ill sold1 b only because !re are /ill "s us]s :o are s bl9d$ by ! initial small sav+ 9 outlay1 z n to see ! sav+ t accrues 9 ! end f us+ inde/ructible mat]ials--& ! additional sav+ due to good "w & economy ( glue4 ,a ,,sci5tific ,,glue-,,heat] ,! facts already m5tion$ ab\t ! melt+ ( glue %\ld be borne 9 m9d 9 *oos+ a glue melt]1 or glue-heat]--always rememb]+ 9 p>ticul> t x is ( utmo/ importance t ! heat+ ag5t %\ld n come into direct contact ) glue1 & t ! glue %\ld n be ov]heat$ 9 prep>ation4 ,! glue-heat] t has be5 prov$ mo/ economical & effici5t 9 wide-spread use has an air-tight glue *amb] 7to prev5t evaporation71 surr\nd$ by a wat]-jacket 7to prev5t burn+ or scald+ glue71 ! wat] 9 ! jacket be+ heat$ ei!r by direct injection ( /eam or by ! use ( copp] heat+ coils4 ,electricity is also us$ successfully z a heat+ ag5t4 ,! heat] is made ( copp] & brass ?r\gh\t1 & is !re=e n affect$ by ! h>mful effect ( acids 9 glue1 /eam & wat]1 dirt1 grease1 pipe-ru/1 s$im5t & o!r h>mful sub/ances4 ,9 ?is heat] glue is r$uc$ to a uni=m & correct work+ consi/5cy1 & ) unusual spe$1 if desir$2 #e gallons ( glue may be melt$ 9 less ?an #ae m9utes1 & z mu* z #ej gallons 9 less ?an "o h\r4 ,x has already be5 notic$ t excessive spe$ 9 heat+ requires a degree ( heat t is injuri\s4 ,a !rmomet] is provid$ ) ?is heat] t gives accurate read+s ( ! temp]ature )9 ! glue *amb]1 s t ! heat may be turn$ (f :5 ! dang] po9t ( #aej ,f4 is rea*$4 ,,! ,,automatic ,,temp]ature ,,controll] ,a /ill m rec5t & valuable improvem5t is ! automatic temp]ature controll]1 a !rmo/atic valve :i* op]ates automatically to keep ! temp]ature 9 ! glue *amb] betwe5 #ade ,f4 & #aej ,f41 or at any temp]ature = :i* x is set4 ,n only ov]heat+ ( ! glue is prev5t$1 b exp5se ( sup]vision is r$uc$4 ,! heat] does n ne$ to be con/antly wat*$ = fe> glue w n be kept at correct temp]ature4 ,?is p>ticul> heat] is also provid$ ) a brass agitator 7h& or p[]7 = keep+ glue ?or\ghly mix$ :ile melt+1 & ) a special faucet by means ( :i* ! melt$ glue is drawn (f )\t dripp+ or clogg+4 ,x is made 9 sizes f #b gallons to #ejj gallons liquid capacity1 & = use ) any heat+ ag5t--gas1 electricity1 or /eam4 ,an app>atus ( ?is k9d n only facilitates economical melt+ ( glue1 by prev5t+ evaporation1 wa/e1 =mation ( scum1 s\r & dirty glue1 b x also insures uni=m 8spread40 ,fur!rmore1 x is a great inc5tive to accuracy & cleanl9ess on ! "p ( workm51 enc\rag+ !m to good "w by provid+ !m ) a neat & clean glue-melt+ appliance1 9 contra/ ) ! old-fa%ion$1 unsightly & ill-smell+ 8glue-pot20 & provid+ !m also ) glue t has be5 prop]ly prep>$4 ,,keep ,,/eam ,,away ,,f ,,glue ,above all1 keep /eam away f glue4 ,"s glue-melt+ devices are on ! m>ket 9 :i* glue is prep>$ by subject+ to ! direct application ( /eam4 ,?is produces only bad results4 ,all au?orities are n[ agre$ on ?is subject4 ,x is safe to say t ! *ief developm5t 9 glue-room me?ods ( ! pa/ t5 ye>s h+es entirely on ! discov]y ( ^! facts3 t /eam ru9s glue2 t glue nev] %\ld be heat$ above #acj to #aej ,f4 at ! utmo/2 t ! o!r prop]ties 9 /eam--boil] comp\nds1 acids1 dirt1 pipe-ru/1 s$im5t1 & grease--are absolutely injuri\s to glue4 ,d n let ! argum5t ( spe$ bl9d y to ! damage result+ f ! live /eam type ( dissolv]4 ,if y want spe$1 use a type ( in/antane\s dissolv] t prev5ts /eam f com+ directly into contact ) glue4 ,! v be/ practice1 ! "o g5]ally recomm5d$ by exp]ts1 is to heat glue sl[ly1 ) a heat n above #acj to #aej ,f4 ,!n ! glue is 9 ! v be/ possible condition = "w4 ,! effect ( acids is su* t !y h be5 kn[n to turn a pot ( good glue black4 ,,glue ,,spread]s ,9 wood-work+ e/abli%m5ts :]e mu* glue is us$1 x %\ld be appli$ me*anically1 by means ( glue spread]s4 ,"s spread]s are made ) ,brussels c>pet cov]+ = rolls1 b ?is is n good practice4 ,! c>pet cov]+ absorbs dirt quickly1 is difficult to keep clean1 is liable to te>1 is sure to /ret* & ev5tually rots & we>s out4 ,! simple/1 cleane/1 & *eape/ me?od 9 ! long run is to h rolls ) corrugat$ surface2 ev5 spread is ?us assur$1 & !re is practically no 8we>-out0 to !m4 ,9 ord] to keep glue at "r temp]ature dur+ use1 x is be/ to h ! glue-pans surr\nd$ by heat+ coils4 ,^! may easily be connect$ ) ! /eam boil] or gas heat]2 or electricity may be us$4 ,a fur!r improvem5t is to h ! spread] connect$ ) ! glue-heat]1 z !n only a m9imum quantity ( glue ne$ be c>ri$ 9 ! pans4 ,by ?is me?od a quantity ( glue suffici5t = a day's "w or half-day's "w may be melt$ 9 ! morn+ & ma9ta9$ /eadily at uni=m ?ickness & temp]ature until us$4 ,! melt$ glue is f$ to ! pans only z ne$$1 ?r\gh op5 copp] tr\ghs4 ,glue pans %\ld ( c\rse be made ( copp]1 = ! reasons already m5tion$4 ,ano!r advantage is t copp] pans are self-clean+1 z glue does n adh]e to ?is mat]ial4 ,spread]s may be _h z a s+le-roll ma*9e1 = coat+ "o side ( /ock1 or z a d\ble-roll1 = coat+ bo? sides1 or z a comb9ation s+le & d\ble-roll4 ,!y may be op]at$ by h& or ) p[]4 ,:5 us$ ) p[] a good op]ator c coat #ac1ejj l9eal feet p] day1 ) a good ma*9e4 ,! results ) a glue spread] are l>gely due to ! prop] adju/m5t ( ! scrap]s4 ,glue spread]s c be us$ to coat flats1 edges1 /raights & mitres equally well4 ,= coat+ pla9 & /raight surfaces1 use a solid roll4 ,= tongu$ & groov$ pieces1 ,v-%ap$ /ock1 dovetails & o!r irregul> %apes1 use a bru% roll4 ,"s spread]s are fitt$ ) comb9ation solid & bru% roll2 a v conv5i5t & economical arrangem5t4 ,! spread]s %\ld be kept scrupul\sly clean1 & also ! bru%es1 if any are us$4 ,clean bru%es by fill+ glue pan ) hot wat] & revolv+ ! bru% 9 x until all ! glue has be5 remov$4 ,,clamps ,,& ,,presses ,aft] glu+1 ! "w %\ld be kept "u pressure = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t to insure p]fect adhesion4 ,9 ! case ( hide glues ! "t requir$ is f ?ree to f\r h\rs4 ,! "t v>ies ) v>iations 9 ! glue1 9 condition ( /ock1 & 9 temp]ature ( room4 ,no g5]al /atem5t c be made to cov] ! case2 exp]i5ce is ! be/ guide4 ,ei!r reta9+ clamps or presses are us$4 ,pressure %\ld be di/ribut$ z ev5ly z possible4 ,presses may be _h 9 almo/ e /yle = e ne$--op5 on "o side1 or on two sides2 = v5e]$ /ock2 sectional presses2 etc4 ,v excell5t presses are be+ made ( /ructural /eel4 ,!y are practically inde/ructible1 v effici5t1 & yet simple 9 op]ation4 ,9 select+ a v5e] press equipm5t ! am\nt ( pressure p] squ>e in* mu/ fir/ be det]m9$4 ,op9ion v>ies ) diff]5t manufactur]s1 "s us+ #ajj p\nds1 "s #bjj p\nds1 p] squ>e in*4 ,! be/ g5]al results are obta9$ by us+ #aej p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,all presses made ) a #b-;in* screw %\ld be design$ to )/& a pressure ( #h tons or #af1jjj p\nds p] screw4 ,to f9d ! tonnage ( press t y require1 multiply ! l5g? by ! wid? ( /ock1 ?is by ! pressure p] in* y desire & divide ! results by #b1jjj4 ,?is w equal ! tons pressure requir$4 ,! numb] ( screws p] press c !n be det]m9$4 ,,di/ribut+ ,,glue ,,9 ,,l>ge ,,plants ,glue is us$ 9 ! wood-work+ indu/ry ma9ly = mak+ jo9ts & v5e]s4 ,9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 :]e _m workm5 are employ$1 a good plan = di/ribut+ ! melt$ glue is to arrange a batt]y ( small glue-pots1 or w>m]s1 /rung along a pipe l9e runn+ f ! /eam boil] or gas heat]4 ,individual pots ( copp] :i* are fill$ at ! c5tral s\rce ( supply fit into ca/-iron jackets1 kept w>m by /eam :i* comes f ! pipe l9e4 ,! requisite temp]ature is ?us ma9ta9$ at m9imum co/4 ,! valves may be s arrang$ z to cut (f any w>m] n 9 use1 avoid+ wa/e ( heat4 ,! arrangem5t is v satisfactory ev5 9 comp>atively small e/abli%m5ts1 & may be adapt$ to any numb] ( individual pots4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,electrical ,,equipm5t ,:5 /eam is us$ z ! heat+ ag5t1 only ab\t "o-fif? ! am\nt ( heat g5]at$ is actually us$ = heat+ ! glue4 ,f\r-fif?s ( x radiates ?r\gh ! pipes & creates a heat s int5se t ! effici5cy ( ! workm5 is r$uc$ fully "o-half 9 summ]4 ,) gas z ! heat+ ag5t1 ! same conditions are pres5t z ) /eam1 plus ! fire risk1 :i* 9 itself is s great z to make gas extremely inadvisable4 ,electricity is com+ into great] favor e ye>1 ) ! improvem5t ( electrical glue-heat+ appliances4 ,electricity is /ill too exp5sive to ju/ify its use z a heat+ ag5t1 except = ! exact purpose desir$1 b mod]n electrical devices1 includ+ ! jacket$1 heat-reta9+ glue-pot1 make x possible to use electricity )\t wa/e4 ,! co/ is less ?an ei!r /eam or gas & its advantages are s great t ?\s&s ( in/itutions are n[ us+ ^! 8fireless0 glue-heat]s4 ,! be/ electric glue-heat]s are made ( copp] & brass1 ! greate/ conductors ( heat4 ,!y require mu* less heat ?an any o!r pot & ! heat is requir$ = j ab\t "o-fif? ! "t1 ow+ to ! heat-reta9+ jacket4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,:i* ,,glue ,,to ,,use ,! answ] to ?is "q dep5ds s l>gely on ! individual conditions1 t only v g5]al sugge/ions may be giv54 ,we h already sugge/$ ! ne$ ( exp]im5t+ & accurately record+ ! results ( us+ v>i\s k9ds ( glue4 ,once aga91 y\r deal] w give y good advice n9e times out ( t5--& y\r own exp]i5ce %\ld af=d ! mo/ valuable *eck on 8 sugge/ions4 ,9 g5]al1 ! foll[+ glues are indicat$3 ,wood jo9ts--,high te/ hide glues4 ,!y make /rong1 firm jo9ts1 :i* is extremely important1 z jo9ts are subject to m or less t5sion2 & !y set rapidly4 ,v5e]s--,a mod]ately high te/ mixture ( bone & s9ew or bone & hide4 ,! high] te/ glues set too quickly = ?is p>ticul> k9d ( "w4 ,if a spread+ ma*9e is us$1 avoid a glue t t5ds to foam4 ,sometimes foam+ is caus$ by its spread+ too fa/4 ,ov]heat+ glue also t5ds to foam x4 ,?is c be ov]come by ! addition ( sweet oil or vasel9e1 p>aff9e or wax c&le1 b x is objectionable :5 v5e]+4 ,x is be/ to be sure y h a glue t w n foam4 ,y\r deal] c tell y :at glue to use4 ,siz+--,use a glue free f grease & foam & "o t fl[s freely4 ,pap] ,boxes--,a quick-sett+ hide glue is indicat$ = sett+-up4 ,= cov]+1 a l[] te/ bone glue is pref]r$1 z x does n set s quickly4 ,pap] box manufactur]s are tr\bl$ m or less ) foam+ glue & c use ! rem$y sugge/$ 9 ! p>agraph on v5e]s1 z ?is w n be objectionable 9 pap] box "w4 ,belt+ & ,o!r ,lea!r ,goods--,"h ! pr9cipal requirem5ts are flexibility1 resi/ance to moi/ure & t5acity4 ,! high] te/ glues are g5]ally pref]r$4 ,bookb9d+--,= pa/+ cov]s1 a l[-grade bone glue answ]s all requirem5ts suffici5tly well4 ,= r\nd+ & back+1 :]e /ra9 is ex]t$1 a high-grade hide glue %\ld be us$4 ,= ,em]y ,purposes--,v high-grade glue t has be5 c>efully prep>$ to elim9ate all acids1 alkalies & impurities4 ,a good em]y glue possesses sup]ior wat]-absorb+ qualities4 ,to te/ a glue = em]y purposes1 soak an ounce 9 ab\t five times its weight ( wat] at room temp]ature = #dh h\rs4 ,if at ! end ( ! "t ! wat] %[s discoloration1 or if decomposition is evid5c$ by a disagreeable odor1 ! glue is n adapt$ to em]y use2 o!rwise x may safely be us$4 ,weigh glue aft] ! op]ation1 to get an idea ( its wat]-tak+ prop]ties4 ,,h[ ,,mu* ,,to ,,pay ,,= ,,glue ,:ile ! high te/ glues co/ m p] p\nd1 !y g f>!r & d bett] "w1 except 9 cases :5 _! quick-sett+ *>act]i/ics are an objection4 ,h[ mu* y c af=d to pay = y\r glue is a "q t y mu/ answ] f y\r own obs]vation & tabulation ( results4 ,9 c]ta9 l9es x w\ld be fooli% to use a high-grade glue1 :]e ! "w w\ld n b5efit 9 proportion to ! increas$ exp5diture4 ,any att5tion giv5 to ! subject w be well repaid4 ,,keep ,,accurate ,,records ,always keep accurate records1 & base y\r future pur*ases ^u ! demon/rat$ comp>ative results already atta9$ by ! v>i\s glues y h us$ 9 actual practice4 ,no glue is good to use unless prop]ly prep>$4 ,a #af-;c5t glue may be r$uc$ to ! grade ( an #h-;c5t glue by ov]heat+4 ,! grade ( ! glue at ! "t x is us$ is ! important ?+4 ,d n by faulty me?ods ( prep>ation impair ! work+ quality ( y\r glue4 ,a glue ( mod]ate high-grade prop]ly prep>$ is bett] = practical purposes ?an a high-grade glue ^: work+ quality has be5 de/roy$ by excessive or prolong$ heat+4 ,,wat]pro( ,,glue ,sometimes x is desir$ to use glue ) wat]pro( qualities4 ,glue is r5d]$ practically wat]pro( by add+ a small quantity 7ab\t #a7 ( ammonium or potassium bi*romate to ! glue liquid4 ,^u h>d5+1 ! glue !n becomes wat]pro(4 ,add+ a small quantity ( =maldehyde to ! liquid glue w help x to resi/ ! action ( wat] aft] x has dri$ = "s "t4 ,o!rs sugge/ dissolv+ glue 9 an equal quantity ( wat] & add+ ab\t z mu* l9se$ oil z wat]1 ) ! aid ( heat1 until a jelly is =m$4 ,?is mixture is said to be practically wat]pro(4 ,a pat5t$ process has rec5tly be5 put out = :i* ! claim is made t x c be appli$ to any glue irrespective ( grade or make1 r5d]+ x absolutely wat]pro(4 ,! result is atta9$ by mix+ ! glue ) c]ta9 *emicals 9 specifi$ proportions1 & !n add+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( =maldehyde4 ,any am\nt ( glue c be treat$ & ! process is said to be mo/ effective4 ,,vegetable ,,glue ,( rec5t ye>s ef=ts h be5 made to f9d a sub/itute = animal glue4 ,! ef=t has met ) success to a c]ta9 ext5t = p>ticul> k9ds ( "w4 ,probably ! newe/ addition to ! li/ ( vegetable glues is ! m9]al glue-silicate ( soda4 ,liquid silicates 7 fir/ sold = ! manufacture ( soap4 ,9 rec5t ye>s c]ta9 =ms h be5 us$ = light adhesive pap] "w4 ,x is us$ 9 places :]e glue is too sl[ sett+4 ,,quick ,,sett+ ,,glues ,:5 a glue is desir$ to set v quickly ! manufactur] c usually furni% glue ) ! sett+ qualities desir$ = ! p>ticul> "w 9 h&4 ,if ?is _c be done1 = any reason1 rememb] t ! temp]ature ( ! glue is an important factor4 ,a l[ temp]ature aids 9 quick sett+4 ,"s pap] box manufactur]s h _h successful results 9 quick sett+ by add+ a small quantity ( turp5t9e to ! liquid glue4 ,"s add silicate ( soda4 ,,flexible ,,glues ,specially made glues are suppli$ by manufactur]s = "w 9 :i* flexibility is ne$$4 ,an easy way to increase ! flexible quality ( glue is to add a little glyc]9e to ! liquid glue4 ,! ,republican ,publi%+ ,co41 ,hamilton1 ,ohio ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation has be5 /&>diz$ ?r\gh\t4