,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,italic text is enclos$ 9 und]scores4 ,boldface text is enclos$ 9 equals signs4 ,small-caps text is %[n 9 all-caps4 ,illu/ration3 ,lor5zo da ,sansev]9o ,photo ,hanf/ngl ,,! ,,virg9 ,,9 ,a ,,/rawb]ry-,,decorat$ ,,mantle ,bel[ are ! ,g\rd & ,apple1 symbols ( ,resurrection & ,dea? 7,national ,gall]y7 ,frontispiece ,,! ,,floral ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,ma/]s ,,by ,,elizabe? ,,haig ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,kegan ,,paul1 ,,tr5*1 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,broadway ,,h\se1 #fh-gd ,,c>t] ,,lane1 ,e4,c4 #aiac ,illu/ration3 ,! ,div9e ,he>t 7#ai? ,c5tury--,g]man7 ,,preface ,?is little book has be5 writt5 = ! pleasure ( ^? amateurs :o are m int]e/$ 9 ! idea :i* inspires a picture ?an 9 ! picture's workman%ip4 ,naturally1 ! m accompli%$ ! arti/1 ! m cle>ly & attractively is he able to set =? 8 mean+2 b ) art criticism ?is book has no?+ to d1 & ! attributions are1 = ! mo/ "p1 simply ^? ( ! (ficial catalogues ( ! respective gall]ies4 ,to expla9 completely ev5 s small a bran* ( ,*ri/ian symbolism z t ( fl[]s1 an exhau/ive k is requir$ ( ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 & ( ! v>y+ =ce ) :i* diff]5t doctr9es appeal$ at diff]5t times to ! public m9d4 ,b /ill1 ^! notes may be ( "s int]e/ to ^? :o c>e to trace 9 ! "w sanction$ by ! ,*ur* & rev]5c$ by ! p ! hi/ory ( ,we/]n idealism1 & :o are sometimes puzzl$ by ! conv5tions employ$ by ! ,ma/]s to illu/rate ! ,div9e ,my/]ies4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,emblems ,,& ,,symbols #i ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fl[] ,,symboli/s #bc ,,iii4 ,,! ,,lily #da ,,iv4 ,,! ,,iris #fb ,v4 ,,! ,,rose #ga ,,vi4 ,,! ,,c>nation #hc ,,vii4 ,,g>l&s ,,( ,,roses #hh ,,viii4 ,,! ,,columb9e #ajd ,,ix4 ,,! ,,olive #aab ,x4 ,,?orns #abf ,,xi4 ,,! ,,palm #acd ,,xii4 ,,! ,,acan?us #adf ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,fleur-,,de-,,lys #adh ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,annunciation #afb ,,xv4 ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,angel ,,gabriel #agg ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,! ,,div9ity #aia ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 #aig ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts #bai ,,xix4 ,,! ,,v9e #bce ,,xx4 ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,! ,,tree ,,( ,,k #bdj ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,g\rd #beg ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,pomegranate #bfa ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,/rawb]ry #bfh ,,xxiv4 ,,fruit ,,9 ,,g>l&s #bgb ,,p>adise4 ,,giovanni ,,di ,,paolo #bgg ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,heav54 ,h4 ,,van ,,eyck #bgi ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds4 ,h4 ,,van ,,d] ,,goes #bha ,,la ,,purissima4 ,,murillo #bhc ,,! ,,girlhood ,,( ,,m>y1 ,,virg94 ,d4 ,g4 ,,rossetti #bhe ,,li/ ,,( ,,au?orities #bhg ,,index ,,( ,,arti/s #bhi ,,index ,,( ,,fl[]s #bia ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plate ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,9 ,a ,,/rawb]ry-,,decorat$ ,,mantle 7,lor5zo da ,san ,sev]9o7 ,frontispiece ,,ii4 ,,! ,,badge ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,nav>re #da ,,iii4 ,,! ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,heav5 7,mosaic ( ! #ac? ,c5tury7 #da ,,iv4 ,,! #8,,enclos$ ,,g>d5' ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 7,/efano da ,zevio7 #ajj ,v4 ,,gabriel1 ,,cr[n$ ,,) ,,olive1 ,,br+s ,,! ,,message ,,( ,,reconciliation 7,m>t9 ,s*ngau]7 #abc ,,vi4 ,,! ,,cr[n ,,( ,,?orns 7,zurburan7 #abh ,,vii4 ,,! ,,acan?us ,,( ,,p>adise 7,mosaic ( ! #ac? ,c5tury7 #adf ,,viii4 ,,! ,,rose ,,( ,,div9e ,,love ,,ris+ ,,f ,a ,,preci\s ,,vessel 7,p9turic*io7 #afi ,,ix4 ,,! ,,royal ,,lily ,,spr++ ,,f ,a ,,humble ,,vase 7,pesello7 #afi ,x4 ,,! ,,columb9e ,,( ,,! ,,sev5 ,,gifts 7,jrg ,breu7 #ahh ,,xi4 ,,sa9t ,,b>b>a ,,) ,,! ,,royal ,,lily 7,! ,ma/] ( ,flmalle7 #ahh ,,xii4 ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,damnation ,,ex*ang$ ,,= ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,r$emption 7,hugo van d] ,goes7 #bde ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,heav5 ,,rel9qui%$ ,,= ,,! ,,apple ,,( ,,ed5 7,meml+7 #bde ,,xiv4 ,,adam ,,& ,,eve ,,deliv]$ ,,f ,,hell 7,m>t9 ,s*ngau]7 #bdh ,,xv4 ,,! ,,*ild ,,) ,,! ,,pomegranate ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,,angels ,,) ,,lilies ,,& ,,rose-,,g>l&s 7,botticelli7 #bfb ,,xvi4 ,,p>adise 7,giovanni di ,paolo7 #bgh ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,heav5 7,hub]t van ,eyck7 #bhj ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds 7,hugo van d] ,goes7 #bhb ,,xix4 ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception 7,murillo7 #bhd ,,xx4 ,,! ,,girlhood ,,( ,,m>y1 ,,virg9 7,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti7 #bhf ,,! ,,floral ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,ma/]s ,i ,,emblems ,,& ,,symbols#a ,s9ce ! e>lie/ days ( ,*ri/ianity ! ,*ur* has made use ( emblems4 ,! ,e>ly ,*ur* us$ !m p>tly protectively to conceal _! fai? f ! pagans1 & p>tly because x lack$ arti/s capable ( wor?ily depict+ ! ,godhead 9 human =m4 ,ev5 :5 ! days ( p]secution _h pass$1 ! ,*ur*1 re/ra9$ by rev]5tial tradition1 by pov]ty p]haps1 & p]haps by ! ,ea/]n fe> ( ! #8grav5 image1' cont9u$ to repres5t ,*ri/ z ! ,true ,v9e & ! ,apo/les z %eep or z doves4 ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e e/abli%$ ,*ri/ianity z ! religion ( ! /ate4 ,new1 & (t5 magnific5t1 *ur*es 7 built 9 ea* t[n & ! ,emp]or plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ecclesia/ics a l>ge portion ( ! royal rev5ues4 ,9 ^! gr& new basilicas ! simple decoration ( ! ,catacombs & t9y anci5t *apels 0 n suffici5t4 ,! ample walls (f]$ a spl5did field = ! mosaici/ & ,byzant9e ta/e dem&$ elaborate pictorial effects4 ,repres5tations ( ! ,r$eem] appe>$ surr\nd$ by ! ,apo/les1 ! prophets & ! f\r-&-tw5ty eld]s ( ,revelation4 ,sa9ts & m>tyrs 7 introduc$1 & lat] we f9d imp]ial p]sonages1 ,ju/9ian surr\nd$ by 8 gu>ds & ,!odora foll[$ by ! ladies ( h] c\rt4 ,x became necess>y to di/+ui% ! figures "o f ano!r & !re=e symbolism 0 l>gely introduc$4 ,! ,deity 0 plac$ )9 ! m&orla1 symbol ( p]fect bless$ness4 ,! prophets 7 aw>d$ brok5 :eels to d5ote _! imp]fect revelation1 & ! apo/les books1 to signify _! full] k4 ,haloes 7 c>efully diff]5tiat$4 ,virg9 sa9ts c>ri$ palms or laurel cr[ns1 & m>tyrs _h ! in/rum5ts ( _! m>tyrdom plac$ beside !m4 ,"s figures c>ri$ scrolls on :i* 7 inscrib$ texts :i* gave ! clue to _! id5tity1 o!rs simply _h _! names writt5 above _! heads1 b bo? ^! latt] devices 7 useless to ! ignorant4 ,at ! ,r5aissance1 :5 art _h a full] life & wid] aims1 x 0 n suffici5t to ?us m]ely label ! p]sons repres5t$4 ,! traditions ( ,byzant9e art once brok51 ! pa9t] 0 free to set ^u ! panel all ! beauty t 8 m9d c\ld conceive & t 8 h& c\ld execute4 ,he _h no long] to pa9t a ,*ri/ or a ,madonna correct to a =mula1 b none ! less he 0 b\nd to depict figures :i* %\ld be in/antly recognizable z ,god inc>nate & ! meek ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,s f 8 fre$om sprang ! problem :i* has occupi$ ! religi\s pa9t] ev] s9ce1 ! pa9t+ ( a s\l's quality1 ! mak+ visible to ! _w ( ! beauty ( hol9ess4 ,dur+ ! great c5tury ( art1 a*ievem5t came4 ,raphael1 ,leon>do1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,p]ug9o requir$ & us$ no symbol to express ! maje/y ( ,*ri/ or ! purity ( ! ,virg9 ,"m4 ,!y _h t p[] to make visible ! intangible :i*1 9 art1 is g5ius4 ,b among ! e>li] arti/s ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 he :o 0 unable to %[ by ! ann\nc+ angel's attitude & mi5 t 8 message 0 "o ( peace & goodwill1 plac$ a bran* ( olive 9 8 h&1 & he :o despair$ ( adequately depict+ ! immaculate purity ( ! ,virg91 emphasiz$ 8 po9t by sett+ a pot ( spotless lilies by h] side4 ,s 0 ! int5tion ( ! lea/-accompli%$ ( arti/s made cle>1 ev5 to ! unlett]$4 ,aft] ! fir/ eff]vesc5ce ( ! ,r5aissance _h di$ d[n1 ! laws ( sacr$ art became once m fix$1 ?\gh nev] aga9 7except 9 ,spa9 b5ea? ! ,inquisition7 ) ! /rictness ( ! ,byzant9e s*ool4 ,art z a tea*] ( religion requir$ to be z cons]vative z ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) :i* x 0 alli$1 & ! symbolism ( ! f\rte5? c5tury has rema9$ ) few additions or modifications to our own day4 ,:5 devotional pictures multipli$1 emblems pass$ into :at may be t]m$ ! h]aldry ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?\gh also us$ 9 decoration1 _! prim>y use ^u alt> vessels & ,*ur* furniture 0 to di/+ui% ! object z sacr$1 or z ! prop]ty ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ! same way z ! royal arms or a private cre/ indicat$ ! own]%ip ( secul> ?+s4 ,!y appe>$ on ! bann]s us$ 9 processions ( ! ,*ur* & on ! badges & insignia ( religi\s ord]s1 b 7 v seldom us$ 9 pictorial art4 ,inde$1 x is 9 ! e>ly ,flemi% s*ool alone t pictures simil> to ! van ,eycks' #8,adoration ( ! ,my/ic ,lamb'#b or to _! #8,f\nta9 ( ,life'#c are f\nd1 :]e angels1 prophets1 sa9ts & patri>*s b[ d[n be=e ! emblem1 n ! figure1 ( ! ,savi\r4 ,dur+ ! fir/ twelve c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity ! emblems & symbols ( ! ,*ur* 7 drawn f _m s\rces2 ^? t 7 introduc$ at ! ,r5aissance 7 fruits & fl[]s4 ,! ,*ri/-,*ild holds ! apple1 symbol ( ! ,fall1 or a pomegranate %[+ ! se$s1 symbol ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! lily typifies ! spotless purity ( ! ,virg94 ,sa9t ,doro!a is cr[n$ ) roses2 ,sa9t ,joseph holds ! fl[]+ rod4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 o!r symbols us$4 ,allegorical figures held ! sword ( ju/ice or ! scales ( judgm5t2 ! m&orla1 ! halo1 ! orb ( sov]eignty & ! book ( k surviv$ f ! ,byzant9e s*ool2 b ^? symbols :i* fir/ appe>$ or came into fa%ion1 z x 71 at ! ,r5aissance 7 fruits & fl[]s4 ,x 0 n /range t x %\ld be s4 ,! new int]e/ 9 ! lit]ature ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome _h reviv$ ! old classical love ( nature1 ( runn+ brooks & leafy =e/s1 & ( all ! fre% unspoil$ ?+s :i* %oot up clean & fragrant f ! e>?4 ,sa9t ,francis ) 8 #8je/]s ( ! ,"l' _h gone s++ ?r\gh ! v9ey>ds prais+ ,god = ! light ( ! sun1 = ! birds1 = ! grass4 ,8 song 0 tak5 up by ! tr\bad\rs1 :o also sang ( ! fair ?+s ( ! fields1 ?\gh _! leit motif 0 e>?ly1 r ?an heav5ly1 love4 ,! m9nes+]s ( ,g]many sang ( roses1 spr+-tide1 love & *ivalry1 & ?ree ( ! sweete/-?roat$1 ,wal!r von d] ,vogelweide1 ,godfri$ von ,/rassburg & ,conrad von ,wrtzburg1 ea* be=e he di$1 compos$ a song 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ,prov5ce ! ,lady ,clm5ce ,isaure in/itut$ ! ,jeux ,floraux1 & = ^? :o excell$ 9 song !re 7 ?ree aw>ds1 a violet1 an eglant9e & a m>igold1 all wr\ght 9 gold4 ,lat] a silv] lily 0 add$ z ! prize = ! be/ sonnet celebrat+ ! p]fections ( ! ,virg94 ,! rules ( ?is ,mayday t\rnam5t ( song proclaim$ t #8^! games are = ! amusem5t ( ! p1 = ! hon\r ( ,god z ! giv] ( good gifts ( trees & fl[]s1 & to praise ,him1 because nature1 :i* _h be5 dead1 n[ lives aga94' ,! _w 0 n[ beg9n+ to see ! value ( ^! #8good gifts4' ,*auc] c\ld f9d no high] emblem = ! ,virg9 ?an a fl[]3 #8,& ?\ t art ! fl\re ( ,virg9s all2' :ile ,dante1 :o1 m ?an any o!r s+le writ]1 has influ5c$ sacr$ art1 uses ! same imag]y3 #8,"h is ! ,rose ,:]e9 ! ,^w ,div9e 0 made inc>nate1 ,& "h ! lilies1 by ^: ord] kn[n ,! way ( life 0 foll[$4' ,! ,*ur*m5 ( ! day caught ! _s ( ! ,humani/s1 & !re sprang up a s*ool ( symboli/s :o conc]n$ !mselves l>gely ) plants1 fruits & fl[]s4 ,! writ+s ( ! e>ly symboli/s1 ,orig51 ,sa9t ,melitus1 ,bi%op ( ,s>des1 ,sa9t ,j]ome1 ,sa9t ,ambrose1 ,walafrid ,/rabo & ,raban ,maur1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce1 7 re-/udi$ & _! allusions to ! plant _w not$4 ,dur&us1 ,bi%op ( ,m5de1 ^: ,rationale1 publi%$ 9 #abie1 is /ill consid]$ ! supreme au?ority on ! spiritual significance ( ,*ur* ar*itecture & ,*ur* ornam5t1 held fl[]s 9 g5]al to be ! emblems ( goodness4 #8,!y repres5t1 l ! trees1 ^? good works :i* h ! virtues = roots4' ,gr[+ ?+s1 he consid]$1 c\ld v beautifully supplem5t ! ritual ( ! ,*ur*1 & he recomm5ds t #8on ,palm ,sunday ! p %\ld deck !mselves ) fl[]s1 olive bran*es & palms1 ! fl[]s to signify ! virtues ( ! ,holy ,"o1 ! olive bran*es ,8 (fice z peace-br+] & ! palms ,8 victory ov] ,satan4' ,!re 7 ^? symboli/s :o1 l ,dur&us ( ,m5de & ! ,c>d9al ,petrus ( ,capua1 valu$ ! symbol entirely z a means ( int]pret+ ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*4 ,_! def9ition 0 t ( ,hugues de ,sa9t-,victor3 #8,! symbol is ! allegorical repres5tation ( a ,*ri/ian pr9ciple "u a mat]ial =m'2 & !y simply se>*$ = ^? objects :i* be/ suit$ _! purpose4 ,!n !re 7 ^? symboli/s :o1 l ,sa9t ,hildeg>de1 ,abbess ( ,rup]tsburg1 mix$ _! symbolism /rangely ) h]balism & magic4 ,a plant ( heal+ virtues 0 a good plant1 attribut$ to ! ,virg9 or a sa9t1 & typify+ _! virtues1 & a h>mful plant 0 evil1 b5ea? ! patronage ( ! ,devil1 typify+ & induc+ envy1 hatr$1 or p]haps malice4 ,la/ly !re 7 ! my/ic symboli/s1 & x is !y :o h _h mo/ influ5ce on pictorial art4 ,!re 7 ^? :o1 l ,sa9t ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 c\ld disc]n ?r\gh ! d>k5$ glass ( ,old ,te/am5t metaphor ! div9e facts ( ,new ,te/am5t revelation1 & ^? :o1 l ,sa9t ,mectilda ( ,g]many1 7 fav\r$ by ,heav5 ) cle> & detail$ visions1 9 :i* ,*ri/ ,himself deign$ to expla9 ! complicat$ symbolism ( ,8 surr\nd+s1 ,8 embroid]$ robes & jewell$ ornam5ts4 ,& !re 7 ^? my/ics :o 7 n 9 holy ord]s1 :o did n claim direct communication ) ,heav51 yet :o h1 nev]!less1 by giv+ %ape & col\r to ! vague indications ( ,holy ,writ z to ! future /ate1 & by mat]ializ+1 z x 71 ! illusive inn] vision ( ?+s invisible1 pr(\ndly influ5c$ ! religi\s s5tim5t1 if n ! !ology1 ( ! _w4 ,*ief among !m is ! poet ,dante1 ! fri5d ( ,giotto & ! spiritual fa!r ( bo? ! poets & ! arti/s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,9 ,g]many 8 place 0 tak5 by ,conrad von ,wrtzburg1 a poet ( inf9itely less g5ius b :o equally influ5c$ 8 native art1 at lea/ z f> z devotional repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y 7 conc]n$4 ,he 0 a m9nes+] :o consecrat$ ! la/ ef=t ( a long life to prais+ ! virtues ( h] :om he t]ms #8,! ,empress ( ,heav54' ,ab\t ! ye> #abhf he wrote #8,! ,gold5 ,=ge1' :i* he describes z3 #8,a gold5 song ,=g$ 9 ! smi?y ( my he>t ,& beautifully inlaid ,) ! jewell$ ?\ghts ( my he>t4' ,x is an eulogy ( ! ,virg91 close-pack$ ) allegory1 simile & metaphor1 :i* are borr[$ = ! great] "p f ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 b "s few are ( 8 own f9d+4 ,8 "w 0 nev] to be comp>$ ) t ( ! great ,italian1 b x v /rongly influ5c$ ! hymnology & ! pictorial expression ( ! cult ( ! ,virg9 9 bo? ! ,ne!rl&s & ,g]many4 ,9 ,engl& !re 0 no great symboli/ among ! e>ly poets4 ,!y 7 pla9 tales ( love & w> t ,*auc] told 9 #8,engli% undefyl$4' ,b ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& produc$ "s beautiful my/ical hymns1 notably ! "o to ! ,virg91 writt51 p]haps1 ab\t #acej1 :i* beg9s3 #8,( a rose1 a lovely rose1 ,( a rose is al myn song4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,religi\s pictures are ( two types3 ! hi/orical1 :i* aims at depict+ a sacr$ sc5e exactly z x did occur2 & ! devotional1 :i* pres5ts a div9e or holy figure 9 ! attitude & ) ! surr\nd+s be/ calculat$ to inflame ! devotion ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,to ! fir/ category belongs ,rub5s' #8,desc5t f ! ,cross4'#d ,! dead ,figure1 ! su/a9$ ef=t ( ! m5 :o deta* x f ! ,cross1 ! grief-/rick5 wom51 are all depict$ ) p]fect realism & /rict att5tion to hi/orical detail4 ,x m]ely depicts ! sc5e z x might h occurr$1 & no attempt is made to guide or sugge/ ! emotions ( ! behold]4 ,to ! second category belong _m ( ! e>ly ,crucifixions4 ,! figure ( ! ,savi\r is emaciat$ to a pa9ful degree4 ,on ea* side ( ! ,cross hov] angels cat*+ 9 a *alice ! holy blood z x falls4 ,at ! summit a ne/+ pelican te>s its brea/2 at ! foot a skull is plac$ )9 a ni*e4 ,"h a di/9ct emotional appeal is made--to man's pity1 = ! suff]+s ( ! ,*ri/2 to 8 gratitude1 s9ce ! preci\sness ( ! holy blood is s emphasiz$4 ,! pelican 9 its piety is ! symbol ( ,*ri/'s devotion to ,8 ,*ur*1 & ! skull invites m$itation ^u ! et]nal dea? f :i* ,he sav$ u4 ,9 pictures ( ! devotional type ! spiritual cause or effect ( ! incid5t illu/rat$ is usually indicat$ by symbols4 ,! reason :y ! ,godhead sits z a *ild ^u ,8 ,"m's knee is indicat$ by ! apple :i* ,he holds 9 ,8 h&4 ,z ! fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil x is ! symbol ( ,adam's fault1 :i*1 ?r\gh ,8 inc>nation1 ,*ri/ repair$--&1 !reby1 to in/ruct$ ,*ri/ians1 x =etells ! trag$y ( ! ,crucifixion4 ,s1 9 an ,annunciation1 ! lily 9 ! angel ,gabriel's h& indicates ! quality by :i* ,m>y f\nd fav\r 9 ,god's sight1 & x =e%ad[s also ! s9less bir? ( ! ,savi\r4 ,x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood to :i* figure 9 a composition ! symbols us$ ref]4 ,:5 a p]sonage ( mortal bir?1 prophet1 apo/le1 m>tyr or sa9t1 holds a symbol or attribute1 x almo/ inv>iably ref]s to 8 own hi/ory4 ,ar*angels usually hold _! own attribute1 b ! symbols or emblems :i* angels c>ry1 or :i* are us$ decoratively1 plac$ aga9/ ! sky or laid ^u ! gr\nd1 are always to be ref]r$ to ! pr9cipal figure 9 ! sc5e repres5t$4 ,! sword & lily 9 a #8,la/ ,judgm5t' repres5t ! omnipot5ce & integrity ( ! ,judge2 ! rose & lily 9 an #8,assumption' ! love & ! purity ( ! ,madonna2 ! palm 9 a m>tyrdom ! triumph ( ! m>tyr4 ,,ii ,,! ,,fl[] ,,symboli/s ,*ri/ian symboli/s divid$ ! plant _w into ?ree divisions--! good1 ! bad1 & ^? :i*1 f want ( def9ite *>act]i/ics1 7 n wor?y ( notice4 ,9 _! judgm5t !y 7 guid$ by sev]al pr9ciples4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 & ?is 0 ! mo/ important me?od1 !y se>*$ ! ,scriptures = _! w>rant z to ! good or evil t5d5cies ( any plant or fl[]4 ,^? ) :om ! ,div9ity _h id5tifi$ ,himself took prec$5ce ( all o!rs4 ,*ri/ _h said1 #8,i am ! ,true ,v9e1' & ! v9e1 s9ce ! e>lie/ days ( ,*ri/ianity1 has _h ! place ( highe/ hon\r 9 ! decoration ( ,*ri/ian *ur*es z ! emblem ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,:5 ! difficulties 7 remov$ :i* prev5t$ ! ,e>ly ,*ur* f repres5t+ ,*ri/ "u ,8 own =m1 ! emblem 0 less se51 b x has always rema9$ a sacr$ plant1 & designs bas$ ^u its =m /ill frequ5tly decorate ! alt> & ! sacr$ vessels4 ,also ^? plants introduc$ z metaphors 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 #8! fl[] ( ! field1' #8! lily ( ! valleys1' #8! lily among ?orns1' #8! or*>d ( pomegranates1' myrrh & camphire1 spik5>d1 saffron & c9namon1 trees ( frank9c5se & #8! *ief spices1' :i* ref] to ! #8,belov$' & ! #8,sp\se1' are all consid]$ holy plants1 & by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* are assign$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,9 ! beautiful tw5ty-f\r? *apt] ( ,ecclesia/icus1 too1 ,*ri/ian symboli/s h recogniz$ ! ,virg9 ,m>y b5ea? ! figure ( ,wisdom1 & hold z sanctifi$ ^? gr[+ ?+s to :i* %e is lik5$4 #8,i 0 exalt$ l a palm tree 9 ,eng$di1 & z a rose plant 9 ,j]i*o1 z a fair olive tree 9 a pleasant field1 & grew up z a plane tree by ! wat]4 #8,z ! turp5t9e tree ,i /ret*$ out my bran*es1 & my bran*es are ! bran*es ( hon\r & grace4 #8,z ! v9e br\ght ,i =? pleasant sav\r1 & my fl[]s are ! fruit ( hon\r & ri*es4' ,9 ! second place1 ^? fl[]s & plants :i* are b5eficial to man1 z ! :eat & ! olive1 7 decid$ to be good1 & ^? t 7 hurtful to man1 z ! t>e & ! ?i/le1 7 evil4 ,"h h]balism & magic /ep v close to symbolism1 = heal+ plants1 or ^? :i* 7 useful z a *>m aga9/ ! devil1 7 good2 ^? :i* 7 poison\s1 or us$ = evil purpose1 su* z rais+ a _s1 7 bad4 ,?us ! nettle1 :i*1 :5 us$ ) due c]emony1 dissipates fe>1 becomes a symbol ( c\rage1 & myrrh1 :i* is an antidote to love-philtres & drives away voluptu\s ?\ghts1 is held to be a plant ( *a/ity4 ,( ?is p>ticul> species ( symbolism ,alb]tus ,magnus1#e ,ma/] ( ,sa9t ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & ,sa9t ,hildeg>de1#f ,abbess ( ,rup]tsburg1 7 ! pr9cipal expon5ts4 ,also a plant's habit ( gr[? 0 tak5 z an indication ( its "*4 ,! c$>1 ) unb5d+ head & gr&ly-spread+ bran*es1 0 consid]$1 bo? by ,sa9t ,melitus & ,petrus ( ,capua1 to typify pride1 :ile ! violet1 we>+ ! col\r ( m\rn+1 & keep+ timidly b5ea? its leaves1 !y *ose z a symbol ( humility4 ,"s symbols 7 ( pagan orig91 = ! palm ( victory & ! olive bran* ( peace 7 borr[$ f ! ,romans1 :o _h !mselves inh]it$ !m f old] civilizations4 ,_! significance 0 n *ang$ b simply limit$ & sanctifi$2 ! victory1 = ,*ri/ians1 0 ! victory ov] s91 & ! peace1 ! peace ( ,god4 ,^! v>i\s me?ods ( det]m9+ ! value ( diff]5t plants z symbols did n always accord4 ,m4 ,huysman1 9 ,la ,ca?drale1 a v complete /udy 9 ,*ri/ian symbolism1 in/ances ! sycamore3 #8,sa9t ,melitus proclaims t ! sycamore /&s = cupidity4444 ,raban ,maur & ,l'anonyme de ,clairvaux qualify x z ! unbeliev+ ,jew2 ,petrus ( ,capua comp>es x to ! ,cross1 ,sa9t ,eu*] to wisdom4' ,ev5 ! sift+ ( ! text ( ,scripture did n always lead to id5tical conclusions4 #8,i am ! rose ( ,%>on' 7or #8! fl[] ( ! field'7 #8& ! lily ( ! valleys1' s+s ! lov] ( ! ,canticles1 :o prefigures1 accord+ to ,orig51 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ,sa9t ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux f\nd t ! words veil$ ! p]sonality ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & o!r writ]s consid] t !y ref] to ! ,*ur* ( ,god ^u e>?4 ,!re 71 9 fact1 two s*ools ( symboli/s ?\gh !y did n diff] greatly4 ,!re 7 ^? :o wrote be=e ! elev5? c5tury & ^: influ5ce is trac$ 9 ! mosaics ( ,rome1 ,rav5na & ! ,bapti/]y ( ,flor5ce1 & ^? lat] ones ^: au?ority 0 accept$ by ! pa9t]s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance & ?r\gh !m spread ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,dur&us1 /&+ midway betwe5 ! two s*ools ( symbolism1 held *iefly to ! m anci5t1 ?\gh he also recogniz$ ! new]1 usage4 ,b aft] ! twelf? c5tury ! pa9t]s ( ,si5a alone kept to ! anci5t mean+ ( ! symbols2 ,flor5ce & ! lat] s*ools broke away entirely4 ,z f> z fl[]-symbols 7 conc]n$ ! *ief diff]5ce 0 9 ! use ( ! lily1 :i* f be+ ! fl[] indicative ( heav5ly bliss became ! especial fl[] ( ! ,virg91 typify+ h] purity4 ,also ! rose1 ! fl[] ( m>tyrdom1 became ! symbol ( div9e love1 & ! palm tree & ! acan?us dropp$ out ( devotional repres5tations altoge!r4 ,9 ! ma91 aft] ! twelf? c5tury1 symboli/s 7 agre$4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 fruits & fl[]s ab\t :i* !re nev] _h be5 any d\bt4 ,! v9e _h be5 ! emblem ( ,jesus ,*ri/ f ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,! :ite lily1 z a symbol ( *a/ity1 came p]haps f ! ,hebrews1 b all ,*ri/ian writ]s 7 agre$ z to its fitness z a symbol ( purity & z an emblem or attribute ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! violet 0 ! symbol ( humility1 & !re=e1 say ,petrus ( ,capua & ,sa9t ,mectilda1 ! emblem ( ,*ri/ :5 on e>?4 ,sa9t ,mectilda & ,bi%op ,dur&us1 = ! same reason1 consid] x ! emblem ( confessors4 ,! rose 0 long 9 disgrace z ! fl[] ( ,v5us4 ,b ev5 sa9ts c\ld n exclude x f _! lives1 & gradually x crept into ,*ri/ian hagiology4 ,roses decorate "s ( ! mo/ poetical ( ! hi/ories 9 ! ,leg5da ,aurea1 :i* 0 compil$ by ,jacobus de ,vorag9e1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,g5oa1 dur+ ! la/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & !re are roses 9 pl5ty 9 ! pictures ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,_! mean+1 at fir/ sight1 is n s cle>ly def9$ z is t ( "s o!r fl[]s4 ,raban ,maur & ,l'anonyme de ,clairvaux _h us$ !m z ! type ( *>ity2 ,dur&us _h expla9$ !m1 r$ & :ite1 z emblems ( m>tyrs & virg9s4 ,walafrid ,/rabo also consid]$ !m ! symbols ( m>tyrdom1 b 9 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d & 9 ! pictures ( ! ,r5aissance1 :5 pluck$ & fall+1 or :5 s5t f ,heav51 !y are symbols ( div9e love2 :5 !y are wov5 into wrea?s !y symbolize heav5ly joy4 ,! symbolism ( ! less] fl[]s is n s cle>1 b ! wat] lily & ! saffron z well z ! rose 7 held by ,raban ,maur to be symbols ( *>ity2 v]dure1 accord+ to ,dur&us1 0 ! emblem ( beg9n]s 9 ! fai?2 ! hea?1 hyssop1 convolvulus & violet all repres5t humility2 ! lettuce temp]ance2 ! eld]1 zeal2 & ! ?yme1 activity4 ,( ^!1 h[ev]1 ) ! exception ( ! violet1 ,*ri/ian art has tak5 little note4 ,!re are c]ta9 fl[]s :i* appe> repeat$ly 9 pictures :i* repres5t ! g>d5 ( ,heav52 !y gr[ 9 ! #8,enclos$ ,g>d5' ( ! ,madonna1 & surr\nd ! ,infant ,*ri/ :5 ,he is laid ^u ! gr\nd to receive adoration4 ,!y are ! rose & ! lily1 & also ! violet1 ! p9k & ! /rawb]ry1 ! la/ ) fruit & fl[]s toge!r4 ,! symboli/s are unanim\s 9 ascrib+ humility to ! violet2 ! p9k or c>nation1 :i* is usually introduc$ :5 !re are no roses1 is1 l ! rose1 ! fl[] ( div9e love2 ! /rawb]ry ) fruit & fl[] repres5ts ! good works ( ! righte\s1 or ! fruits ( ! _s4 ,to ^! are sometimes add$ ! clov] & ! columb9e4 ,accord+ to ! leg5d1 ,sa9t ,patrick 0 ! fir/ to use ! trefoil z an illu/ration ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity1 & ! %amrock or clov] is ! emblem ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,! little doves :i* make up ! fl[] ( ! columb9e wond]fully resemble ! little doves :i* 9 e>ly art1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,fr5* m9iatures ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 repres5t ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,x is true t 9 ! columb9e ! little doves numb] five1 n sev51 b ! ,flemi% arti/s1 always extremely c>eful 9 _! symbolism1 rectifi$ ?is by pa9t+ ! plant ) sev5 blooms ^u x4 ,x %\ld only be us$ z ! attribute ( ,god ! ,son4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury a t9y ni*e 0 made = ! daisy 9 ,*ri/ian iconography4 ,x is f\nd almo/ exclusively 9 #8,adorations1' :]e x replaces ! lilium c&idum4 ,x 0 felt t1 suitable z ! tall au/]e lily might be to express ! ,virg9's purity or ! celibacy ( ! mona/ic sa9ts1 ! little wide-ey$ daisy 0 a pretti]1 sweet] symbol ( ! p]fect innoc5ce ( ! ,div9e ,*ild4 ,! jasm9e is n /rictly a holy fl[] & has be5 neglect$ by ! writ]s on symbolism1 b x appe>s repeat$ly 9 religi\s art4 ,its />-%ap$ blossom seems to be ! symbol ( div9e hope or ( heav5ly felicity1 & x is f\nd ) roses & lilies beside ! ,madonna4 ,x =ms ! cr[ns ( angels1 ( sa9ts1 & ( ! ,madonna h]self4 ,:5 x is ! attribute ( ! ,infant ,*ri/ x recalls ! ,heav5 f :i* ,he came4 ,! ,engli% & ,flemi% m9iaturi/s add to ^! ! pansy1 :i* is ! old h]b ,tr9ity1#g be>+ ! same mean+ z ! clov]4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s & ,g]many ! lily ( ! valley 0 also us$1 ) meek purity z its significance4 ,all ^! fl[]s1 on acc\nt ( "s accid5t ( %ape1 col\r or habit ( gr[?1 7 consid]$ holy fl[]s1 :ile o!rs1 su* z ! butt]cup1 ! n>cissus1 ! =get-me-n1 7 reject$ z mean+less4 ,fruit 9 g5]al repres5ts good works1 or ! fruits ( ! ,_s1 fai?1 hope & peace1 & is acc\nt$ good2 ! v9e is ! emblem ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 b ! fruit1 usually tak5 to be ! apple1 :i* grew on ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil1 is an accurs$ ?+4 ,!re are fl[]s1 too1 :i* are ! fl[]s ( evil4 ,! poppy is ! emblem ( slo? & also d$icat$ to ,v5us2 ! tulip is belov$ ( necromanc]s2 ! black hellebore & ! m&rake are us$ by wit*es 9 _! spells1 ?\gh1 /rangely en\gh1 ,conrad von ,wrtzburg comp>es ! ,virg9 ,m>y to ! #8heal+ m&rake root4' ,also ! nettle is ! symbol ( envy1 ! hellebore ( sc&al1 & ! cyclam5 ( voluptu\sness1 =1 accord+ to ,!ophra/us1 x 0 us$ 9 ! composition ( love philtres4 ,z to ?orns & bri>s1 ,sa9t ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,sa9t ,anselm are agre$ t ?orn bran*es signify ! m9or s9s1 & bri>s 7or ?i/les7 ^? major ones #8qu pungunt consci5tiam propriam1' etc4 ,above all ! buck?orn is blam$1 = ( its bran*es1 says ,rohault de ,fleury1 0 =m$ ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns4 ,9 art1 h[ev]1 ! fl[]s ( evil sc>cely appe>4 ,! rose is /ill sometimes ! fl[] ( ,v5us & symbolizes ! pomps & vanities ( ! _w1 & !re are ! ?orns ( s9 & dea?4 ,"s ( ! e>ly ,flemi% & ,g]man arti/s pa9t$ c]ta9 bitt] h]bs1 notably ! d&elion1 9 sc5es f ! ,passion1 b ,*ri/ian iconography has conc]n$ itself *iefly ) ^? plants & fl[]s :i*1 ) ! approval ( !ologians1 repres5t ! attributes ( ! ,div9ity1 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ( angels1 sa9ts & prophets4 ,x may be notic$ t :ile ! sacr$ fl[]s are n unfrequ5tly introduc$ into pr(ane sc5es1 ! non-sacr$ fl[]s1 = in/ance ! daffodils & foxgloves ( ! hunt+ sc5es on old ,flemi% tape/ry1 are nev] introduc$ z symbols1 & r>ely z details1 9 devotional subjects4 ,! same symbolism holds good )9 ! :ole ,we/]n ,*ur*1 & ^? ,re=m$ ,*ur*es :i* h reject$ pa9t$ & c>v$ images h pres]v$ a good _m ( ! old] symbols 9 ! details ( *ur* decoration4 ,! mo/ important symbols ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,lamb1 ! ,dove1 ! ,cross1 ! ,glory1 ! ,halo1 rema9 always un*ang$4 ,x is ! less]1 & m especially ! fl[] symbols1 :i* v>y 9 diff]5t c\ntries & diff]5t s*ools ( pa9t+4 ,italy be+ ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,*ur*1 & also ! c5tre f :i* pictorial art spread ov] ,europe1 mo/ symbols are ( ,lat9 orig92 b !y 7 modifi$ & (t5 amplifi$ by inh]it$ tradition1 climate & ! g5]al tr5d ( ! national religi\s s5tim5t4 ,s 9 ,italian art1 aft] its re-bir?1 we f9d a love ( simple l9es1 ( ref9$ types1 ( fl[]s1 & a /riv+ at fir/ unconsci\s1 !n def9ite1 aft] classical ideals1 :ile ! ,nor!rn nations1 less happy 9 _! traditions1 nev] q conqu]$ _! love ( b>b>ic spl5d\r2 a rose wr\ght 9 pure gold 0 to !m m truly a symbol ( div9e love ?an a fre% rose ( ! field4 ,! mo/ important factor 9 ! modification ( fl[] symbolism 0 climate4 ,z ! prim>y use ( a symbol 0 to in/ruct ! unle>n$1 ! symbol :i* 0 to int]pret ! hidd5 my/]y mu/ be a famili> object4 ,a r>e or exotic plant w\ld r h complicat$ ?an simplifi$ ! tea*+4 ,s we f9d ! pomegranate & ! olive 9 ,italian pictures1 b n 9 ^? ( ! ,ne!rl&s2 ! columb9e & ! lily ( ! valley 9 ,g]man1 b n 9 ,spani% art4 ,b x 0 n climate alone t det]m9$ ! use or disuse ( any p>ticul> plant z a symbol4 ,if ! fleur-de-lys1 f\nd$ ^u ! iris =m1 _h n be5 borne by ! ,h\se ( ,burgundy1 :i* protect$ ! e>ly ,flemi% s*ool1 x is possible t ! iris might n h appe>$ 9 ! e>ly ,flemi% pictures z a fl[] ( ! ,virg91 & c]ta9ly _h !re n be5 a cont9ual int]*ange ( ,flemi% m]*&ise1 :i* includ$ pa9t$ panels1 = ,spani% gold1 ! iris w\ld n h tak5 its place z ! *>act]i/ic fl[] ( a ,spani% #8,immaculate ,conception4' ,also1 _h !re n be5 ceaseless w>f>e & ev]la/+ hatr$ betwe5 ,flor5ce & ,si5a1 x is possible t ,si5a w\ld h adopt$ ! lily z an attribute ( ,m>y 9 an ,annunciation in/ead ( us+ inv>iably ! olive bran*4 ,b ! lily 0 ! badge ( ,flor5ce & ! cities 7 desp]ately jeal\s ( ea* o!r1 bo? 9 pa9t+ & 9 politics1 & ?is seems to be ! real reason ( ! cons]vatism ( ,si5ese art4 ,on ! :ole ! symbolism ( ! ,ne!rl&s is ! mo/ c>eful & j1 & ea* fl[] 0 pa9t$ also ) su* exquisite m9ut5ess t !re is no possibility ( mi/ak+ ! v>iety4 ,italian symbolism 0 always apt to be sup]ficial1 & aft] ! fifte5? c5tury (t5 became confus$ ) decoration4 ,also ! ,italians pa9t$ fl[]s c>elessly1 & ! less] k9ds1 ^? 9 ! =egr\nd ( an ,adoration1 = in/ance1 are frequ5tly impossible to id5tify4 ,9 ,g]many symbolism is at times extravagant & f>-fet*$ ?\gh always int]e/+4 ,9 ,spa9 x is poor & almo/ entirely borr[$4 ,a mod]n writ]#h obs]ves ( ,spani% art t x is mat]ial1 brutal1 ,roman1 hav+1 f its geographical position1 escap$ ! idealism ( ,greek or ! my/icism ( ,celtic influ5ces2 & ! same cause may also expla9 ! prosaicness ( its symbolism4 ,! ,engli% love ( fl[]s1 v noticeable 9 e>ly v]se1 f\nd pictorial expression *iefly 9 ! "w ( ! m9iaturi/s & 9 ! #8fl[] "w' details ( ar*itecture4 ,! m9iatures execut$ by monks usually pay att5tion to ! symbolical value ( ea* blossom1 b ! c>v$ /one fl[]s common 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli% ,go?ic *ur*es 7 m (t5 simply ^? :i* ! fancy ( ! ar*itect or ! /one-cutt] dictat$ & only repres5t vaguely #8good works spr++ f ! root ( virtues4' ,! happie/ bloom+ "t ( ^! symbolical fl[]s 0 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury arti/s1 /ill timid ( innovations1 _h limit$ !mselves to ! lily & ! rose4 ,b ) increas+ skill !y made a wid] *oice1 ?\gh always "u ! eye & ) ! assi/ance ( ^? le>n$ 9 su* matt]s1 = ! majority ( sacr$ pictures 7 commission$ directly by ! ,*ur* or 7 ord]$ z a gift to be pres5t$ to "s religi\s community4 ,!re 7 occasionally indep5d5t spirits :o1 9 "s fav\rite blossom1 s f> unnotic$1 f\nd beauty & symbolic fitness4 ,?us ,sano di ,pietro ( ,si5a con/antly pa9ts ! bright blue cornfl[] 7:i* 9 ,italy %>es its "n ( fiordaliso ) ! iris1 ! lily & ! h]aldic fleur-de-lys7 ^u ! heads ( bo? angels & sa9ts1 mean+1 p]haps1 by ! blue />s1 to indicate t ^! be+s 7 d5iz5s ( ! heav5ly spaces4 ,h[ev]1 z a rule1 arti/s 7 cons]vative & glad to use ! recogniz$ symbols z a means ( emphasiz+ & elucidat+ ! sacr$ subject :i* !y depict$4 ,b ev5 be=e ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury fl[]s began to be us$ = _! own sake & n = _! hidd5 mean+4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,alb]t ,dr] pa9t$ j :at fl[] or we$ !y *ose1 simply = its =m or col\r4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury fl[]s 7 (t5 us$ m]ely z decoration1 & lat]1 ) ! exception ( ! rose1 ! lily1 ! olive bran* & ! palm1 !y lo/ all mean+4 ,c>lo ,m>atta 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury pa9t$ a figure ( ! ,virg9#i encircl$ by a heavy wrea? ( e sort ( fl[]--daffodils1 g5tians1 anemones1 tulips1 edelweiss1 roses & lilies1 all mix$ toge!r4 ,9 ,engl&1 ab\t ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !re 0 a revival ( int]e/ 9 my/ical & symbolical art4 ,! ,pr]aphaelite ,bro!rhood 0 =m$ 9 #ahdh1 ^: object 0 to br+ back to mod]n art ! s9c]ity & e>ne/ness ( ^? pa9t]s :o _h prec$$ ,raphael4 ,! orig9ator ( ! movem5t1 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti1 adopt$ 9 8 e>ly "w n only ! simplicity ( type & ! exce$+ly c>eful f9i% ( ! primitives1 b borr[$ also _! sy/em ( symbolism4 ,8 foll[]s1 h[ev]1 & 9 p>ticul> ,holman ,hunt1 broke away f ! old traditions ( religi\s art1 pa9t+ allegorical subjects sugge/$ by ,*ri/'s p>ables & say+s r ?an ! sc5es ( ,8 bir? & ,passion on :i* ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur* 7 f\nd$1 & ) ! traditional subjects !y left aside also ! traditional symbols4 ,! greate/ ( mod]n ,engli% my/ical pa9t]s1 ,george ,fr$]ick ,watts1 uses fl[]s z details1 & app>5tly z symbols4 ,b _! exact mean+s are obscure & app>5tly n ^? attribut$ to !m by ! great ma/]s ( pa/ c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,badge ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,nav>re ,illu/ration3 ,photo ,al9>i ,,! ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,heav5 ,mosaic ( ! #ac? c5tury 7,bapti/ry1 ,flor5ce7 ,,iii ,,! ,,lily ,gioac*9o di ,fiore1 ! my/ical !ologian :o f\nd$ ! community ( #8,! ,fl[]1' & :o is held by "s to be ! spiritual fa!r ( ,sa9t ,francis1 writ+ 9 ! la/ decade ( ! twelf? c5tury1 divid$ ! life ( humanity into ?ree p]iods4 ,9 ! fir/1 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,fa!r1 m5 liv$ "u ! rule ( ! law2 9 ! second1 reign$ ov] by ! ,son1 m5 live b5ea? ! rule ( grace2 9 ! ?ird ! ,_s %all reign & m5 %all live 9 ! pl5itude ( love4 ,! fir/ saw ! %9+ ( ! />s2 ! second sees ! :it5+ ( ! dawn2 ! ?ird w behold ! glory ( ! day4 ,! fir/ produc$ nettles2 ! second gives roses2 ! ?ird w be ! age ( lilies4 ,?us z daylight to dawn or />light1 & z love to grace & fe>1 7 lilies to e o!r fl[] or we$1 & s9ce ! twelf? c5tury1 9 ,*ri/ian art1 lilies h _h prec$5ce ( e o!r gr[+ ?+4 ,! e>lie/ use ( ! lily by ! arti/s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 to indicate ! delights ( ,p>adise4 ,raban ,maur1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce 9 #hdg1 writes ( lilies z ! symbols ( cele/ial beatitude1 & t is app>5tly :at !y repres5t 9 ! mosaics ( ,rome1 ,rav5na & ! ,bapti/]y ( ,flor5ce1 :]e !y spr+ f ! gr\nd 9 ! sc5es :i* repres5t ,heav54 ,b by ! t5? c5tury ! ,*ur* _h comm5c$ to adopt ! pre-,*ri/ian employm5t ( ! lily z ! symbol ( purity1 & ! rose gradually took ! lily's place z ! fl[] ( heav5ly bliss4 ,! lily ( sacr$ art is ! lilium c&idum1 sometimes call$ ! ,madonna lily1 or ! lily ( ,sa9t ,ca?>9e4 ,x is said to be a native ( ! ,levant1 b appe>s to h spread ) ,roman civilization ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! sugge/ion ( ab/ract purity is arre/+ & direct4 ,! /alk is /raight & upright1 ! leaves n>r[1 pla91 almo/ au/]e4 ,at ! top ( ! long /alk ! fl[]s clu/]1 ea* *alice-%ap$1 & s5d+ to ! sky a p]fume :i* is s+ul>ly sweet & pi]c+4 ,_! =m is simple b noble1 & !y are above all rem>kable = ! immaculate & lum9\s :it5ess ( _! firm petals4 ,aft] ! twelf? c5tury ! lily is always us$ z ! symbol ( purity 9 its p]fection1 & is mo/ usually associat$ ) ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ) sa9ts ( ! mona/ic ord]s4 ,m r>ely x is us$ z an attribute ( ! ,p]sons ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,9 a l>ge picture#aj repres5t+ ! ,tr9ity 9 ,glory1 by an unkn[n ,neapolitan pa9t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,god ! ,fa!r holds a /alk ( lilies 9 8 left h&1 above :i* hov]s ! my/ic ,dove4 ,s9ce ,*ri/ian iconography gives no attributes to ,god ! ,fa!r except ! orb & cr[n ( omnipot5ce1 ! lily mu/ be tak5 z ! attribute ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 & 9 a r>e subject1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,holy ,gho/1#aa ascrib$ by ,behr5son to ! ,amico di ,s&ro1 ! two angels ) sw++ c5s]s & lovely float+ drap]ies1 :o adore ! hov]+ ,dove1 c>ry ea* a lily4 ,! ,dove 9 conjunction ) ! lily is also f\nd ^u ! great c5tral doors ( ,sa9t ,pet] 9 ,rome4 ,!y are ( bronze1 & 7 execut$ betwe5 #adci & #adde by ,antonio ,fil>ete4 ,!re are two panels ) elaborate bord]s & mu* int]e/+ detail4 ,on "o is ,sa9t ,pet] ) ! keys & on ! o!r ,sa9t ,paul4 ,sa9t ,paul is ( ! traditional type1 bald & be>d$1 & holds 9 8 "r h& a drawn sword4 ,by 8 side is a l>ge vase ( lilies1 & on ! highe/ fl[]1 its beak t\*+ ! sword's hilt1 is ! ,dove1 encircl$ by a halo4 ,! lilies & ! ,dove are introduc$ app>5tly to correct ! impression ( viol5ce giv5 by ! uplift$ sword1 ! in/rum5t ( ! ,apo/le's m>tyrdom1 & toge!r repres5t+ ! ,holy ,_s1 !y recall ,sa9t ,paul's own phrase1 #8! sword ( ! ,_s4' ,z an attribute ( ,god ! ,son1 lilies are us$ 9 ^? pictures kn[n z ,adorations1 :]e ! div9e ,*ild is laid ^u ! gr\nd & ! ,"m kneels be=e ,him 9 wor%ip2 & 9 ^? pictures :]e %e holds ,him1 no long] a v "y infant1 on a l$ge or p$e/al be=e h]4 ,9 ^! pictures all ! symbolism ref]s to ! ,*ild1 & if ,he lie among roses & lilies !y signify respectively div9e love & p]fect s9lessness4 ,if angels hold vases ( lilies on ei!r side1 ^! lilies recall t ,he 0 born ( a ,virg94 ,! fir/ ,adorations 7 pa9t$ by ! ,flor5t9e ma/]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 an e>ly example by ,filippo ,lippi#ab ! fl[]s are small & ! species sc>cely to be det]m9$4 ,n]i di ,bicci#ac pa9t$ roses & lilies1 & ,luca della ,robbia#ad has plac$ ! ,*ild b5ea? a freely-gr[+ clump ( tall lilies4 ,! ,virg9 kneels be=e ,him1 :ile heav5ly h&s hold above h] head a cr[n ornam5t$ ) ! royal fleur-de-lys4 ,botticelli#ae appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ to h sub/itut$ ! daisy = ! lily1 & to ! daisy he add$ ! violet ( humility1 & ! /rawb]ry1 :i* symboliz$ ! fruits ( ! _s4 ,^! fl[]s 7 con/antly repeat$ 9 ?is connection1 a comp>atively late example ( _! use be+ 9 ! ,adoration ( ,p]ug9o1 n[ 9 ,muni*4 ,^! same fl[]s are f\nd 9 ! ,nor?1 b z ,nor!rn arti/s pref]r$ incid5ts def9itely rec\nt$ by ! ,scriptures to m imag9ative devotional subjects1 !y 7 transf]r$ to ,nativities or ,adorations by ! ,%eph]ds4 ,9 ,si5a dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! s*ool ( ,giotto1 ! lily1 usually a s+le lily-cup1 is sometimes plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,"h x is n ! symbol ( purity1 b 9 accordance ) ! old] symbolism x is ! fl[] ( ,p>adise4 ,si5a 0 extremely cons]vative1 & = its arti/s ! ,holy ,*ild 0 /ill ! royal ,*ild ( ! ,byzant9e s*ool1 ri*ly clo!d1 ,8 "r h& rais$ 9 bless+ or hold+ ! orb ( sov]eignty4 ,sometimes ,he holds a scroll1 ann\nc+ ,8 high mission1 ) ! words #8,ego sum lux mundi' or #8,ego sum via v]itas et vita4' ,m /ress is laid ^u ,8 div9ity ?an ^u ,8 humanity1 & !re is absolutely no?+ to h9t at or =eca/ ,8 passion4 ,he appe>s simply z ! br+] ( peace & bless+1 & 9 ,8 h& is /ill ! fl[] ( ,p>adise1 ! same lily :i* gr[s beside ,8 ?rone 9 ! mosaics4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 a fruit replac$ ! fl[] 9 ! ,*ri/-,*ild's h&4 ,at fir/ ! fruit1 foll[+ an arti/ic tradition z old z ! f\r? c5tury1 0 also a promise ( heav5ly bliss1 x 0 a fruit f ! heav5ly g>d5s2 b x 0 soon id5tifi$ z ! fruit ( ! tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil1 s9ce ,he1 z ! ,second ,adam1 _h come to repair ! fault ( ! fir/4 ,mean:ile 9 ,flor5ce1 dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! lily1 already ! fl[] ( ! virg9 sa9ts1 0 attribut$ m especially to ! ,virg9 ,m>y z ! symbol ( spotless purity1 & x became accept$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom ) ?is significance4 ,!re=e1 on ! r>e occasions aft] ! f\rte5? c5tury :5 ! lily is plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/ x is ! symbol ( purity1 ( ,8 p]fect s9lessness4 ,9 ! ,en?ron$ ,madonna ( ,luca ,signorelli#af ,he holds a l>ge /alk ( lilium c&idum4 ,9 ! great majority ( repres5tations ( ! ,madonna ) ! ,*ild 9 h] arms only ! symbol 9 ! ,*ild's own h& ref]s to ,him2 o!r symbols ref] to ,m>y4 ,b 9 ?is picture1 to ! jewell$ cross ( ! ,bapti/ is atta*$ a scroll ) ! leg5d1 #8,ecce ,agnus ,dei1' & all ! symbols are ! attributes ( ! ,savi\r4 ,besides ! lily1 :i* d5otes p]fect s9lessness1 !re are two transp>5t vases 9 :i* are jasm9e1 violets & roses4 ,! jasm9e's />ry blooms recall ! ,heav5 :i* ,he has left1 ! violet is a symbol ( ,8 humility1 & ! rose ( ,8 div9e love4 ,9 ! wrea? beh9d ! ?rone is jasm9e aga91 ) p5dant trails ( :ite convolvulus1 :i* is also an emblem ( humility4#ag ,occasionally ! ,infant ,*ri/ is repres5t$ (f]+ a bran* ( lilies to a ,sa9t1#ah & !n ! lily repres5ts ! gift ( *a/ity1 :i* ,he be/[s4 ,x is only 9 mod]n times t ,*ri/1 gr[n to manhood1 has be5 repres5t$ ) a lily 9 ,8 h&4 ,an in/ance is ! fresco illu/rat+ ! p>able ( ! ,wise & ! ,fooli% ,virg9s1 pa9t$ 9 #ahfd1 by ,"l ,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a41 = ,l9dhur/ ,*ur*4 ,! virg9s /& on ei!r side ( ! ,cele/ial ,bridegroom1 :o holds 9 ,8 left h& ! lily :i* emphasizes ! my/ical "* ( ! div9e nuptials4 ,x may be notic$ 9 ?is connection t mod]n1 & m p>ticul>ly ,prote/ant1 ecclesia/ical art takes its subjects l>gely f ! p>ables ( ,*ri/1 a usage unkn[n to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* dur+ ! p]iod :5 ! great ma/]s ( art 7 9 h] s]vice4 ,nor!rn m$ival art1 t is1 ! art ( ! ,flemi% & ,g]man s*ools1 introduc$ ! lily into repres5tations ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 plac+ ! sword & /alk ( lilies1 ray-wise1 beh9d ! head ( ! judg+ ,*ri/4 ,9 ! v e>ly repres5tations ( ?is subject ,*ri/ is depict$ ) a two-edg$ sword issu+ f ,8 m\?1 9 illu/ration ( ! text ( ! ,revelation ( ,sa9t ,john3 #8,& out ( 8 m\? w5t a %>p two-edg$ sword4' ,& aga93 #8,:i* sword proce$$ out ( 8 m\?4' ,b pictorially x 0 ugly & !ologically x 0 h>%1 sugge/+ wra? r ?an m]cy z ! det]m9+ impulse at ! f9al doom4 ,!n m5 rememb]$ ! promise to ! righte\s3 #8,! wild]ness & ! solit>y places %all be glad = !m2 & ! des]t %all rejoice & blossom z ! rose4'#ai ,& 9 a copy ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um#bj ( ! fifte5? c5tury we f9d a bran* ( roses s plac$ z to balance ! sword1 bo? set diagonally l rays1 "o on ea* side ( ! head ( ,*ri/4 ,! rose 0 plac$ on ,*ri/'s "r h& above ! =giv5 s\ls1 & cle>ly typifi$ div9e love & m]cy2 ! sword on ! left 0 above ! damn$1 & typifi$ div9e condemnation4 ,b almo/ imm$iately ! rose 0 replac$ by ! lily4 ,! lily 01 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! "o di/9ctly sacr$ fl[]4 ,its lance-l habit ( gr[? made x a mo/ symmetrical p5dant to ! sword1 & possibly1 too1 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,nor?1 /]n bo? 9 religi\s s5tim5t & 9 its pictorial expression1 pref]r$ ! lily1 :i* typifi$ ! integrity ( ! judg+ ,god1 to ! rose1 symbol ( ,8 m]cy4 ,! ,ne!rl&s adopt$ ! symbol4 ,x appe>s 9 ,meml+'s mo/ impressive ,la/ ,judgm5t1#ba & 9 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t ( ,lucas van ,leyd54#bb ,! same device 0 us$ by ,alb]t ,dr]#bc & _m ( ! less kn[n ,g]man ma/]s2 b ,rub5s1 9 8 magnific5t picture n[ 9 ,muni*1 has replac$ ! lily by a sceptre4 ,! lily1 us$ 9 ?is connection1 is n f\nd 9 ,italian art1 = ?\gh ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,g]many & ,engl& adopt$ ! symbolism ( ,italy1 ,italy1 ?\gh admir+ greatly ! te*nical excell5ce ( ! ,flemi%1 r>ely assimilat$ ! ,nor!rn conv5tions = ! expression ( ! intangible4 ,b ! lily is usually res]v$ = virg9 sa9ts & m>tyrs1 & m p>ticul>ly = h] :om ,*auc] names #8,fl\re ( ,virg9s all' --t is1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! ,v5]able ,b$e1 writ+ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury1 decl>es #8! great :ite lily' to be a fit emblem ( ! resurrection ( ! ,virg92 ! pure :ite petals signify+ h] body2 ! gold5 an!rs h] s\l )91 %9+ ) cele/ial light4 ,accord+ to ,petrus ,cantius1 cantor ( ! ,ca!dral ,s*ool ( ,p>is 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! lily repres5t$ ! daught] ( ,joa*im h]self1 by reason ( its :it5ess1 its aroma1 delectable above all o!rs1 its curative virtues1 & f9ally because x spr+s f uncultivat$ soil z ! ,virg9 0 ! issue ( ,jewi% p>5ts4 ,z to its curative virtues1 x may be add$ t an anonym\s ,engli% monk1 writ+ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 prescribes ! lily z a sov]eign rem$y = burns2 & = ! reason t #8x is a figure ( ! ,madonna1 :o also cures burns1 t is1 ! vices or burns ( ! s\l4'#bd ,b ?\gh !ologians occasionally us$ ! lily z a symbol ( virg9ity1 be=e ! elev5? c5tury we d n f9d x associat$ ) ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ pictorially1 ei!r z h] emblem or h] attribute4 ,!re are no lilies 9 ! ,catacombs1 & ^? 9 ! e>ly mosaics are decorative1 or symbols ( ! joy ( ,heav54 ,! m9iaturi/s occasionally us$ ! fl[] z ! attribute ( virg9 m>tyrs1 b n 9 repres5tations ( ! ,virg94 ,x 0 by a ,spani% k+ t ! lily 0 fir/ def9itely1 & 9 a mann] pictorially1 associat$ ) ! ,"m ( ,*ri/--z h] own fl[]4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury ,spani>ds & ,moors 7 ea* fight+ = _! fai?1 & ! ,moslems in/itut$ milit>y ord]s call$ rbitos1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 v[$ to p]petual w>f>e aga9/ ! #8infidel4' ,! ,*ri/ian knights 7 n to be outdone1 & 9 #ajdc ,g>cias ( ,nav>re f\nd$ an ord] ( *ivalry v[$ to ! s]vice ( ! ,virg91 :i* he nam$ #8! ,ord] ( ! ,lily ( ,nav>re4' ,edmondson#be writes3 #8,! ,ord] ( 8,our ,lady ( ! ,lily10 or 8( ,nav>re10 0 in/itut$ 9 ! city ( ,nag]a by ,g>cias1 ! six? ,k+ ( ,nav>re1 9 ! ye> #ajdc1 on ! occasion ( a miracul\s image ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y issu+ =? ( a lily1 & hold+ ! ,infant ,jesus 9 h] arms1 be+ !n discov]$ 9 t city4 ,?is ord] 0 compos$ ( ?irty knights1 *os5 out ( ! pr9cipal anci5t families 9 ,nav>re1 ,biscay & old ,ca/ile4 ,ea* ( ^! knights wore on 8 brea/ a lily embroid]$ 9 silv]1 &1 on all fe/ivals & holy days1 he wore ab\t 8 neck a coll> compos$ ( a d\ble *a9 ( gold int]lac$ ) ,go?ic capital lett]s ,m2 & p5d5t !reunto an oval m$al1 :]eon 0 enamell$1 on a :ite gr\nd1 a lily ( gold spr++ out ( a m\nt1 support+ a ,go?ic capital lett] ,m1 ducally cr[n$4'#bf ,?us ! lily became ! gage ( ! ,virg9 borne by h] knights4 ,%e 0 n[ gradually mov+ f ! subord9ate ?\gh glori\s /ation z ,"m ( ! ,inc>nate ,^w to a position ( h] own z ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,sa9t ,f]d9&1 possibly unwill+ to confront ! ,moslem ) ! ,*ri/ :om !y !mselves rev]$ z a prophet1 bore ^u 8 saddle-b[ ! ivory ,virg5 de las ,batallas1#bg & p]haps :at specially ende>$ h] to ! p ( ,spa9 0 ! k t 9 ! fealty !y paid h] ! infidel c\ld h nei!r "p nor lot4 ,! *os5 knight ( ! ,immaculate ,virg9 01 ( c\rse1 ,santiago1 ,sa9t ,james1 ! patron sa9t ( ,spa91 b e ,spani% cavali] ackn[l$g$ himself ! s]vitor ( ! ,lady ( ! ,lily4 ,r m ?an fifty ye>s aft] ! f\nd+ ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,lily ( ,nav>re ! poet-sa9t1 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 0 prea*+ 8 fam\s s]ies ( ,homilies on ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,! s]mons 7 eighty 9 numb]1 ea* bas$ on ! text ( ! ,canticles1 & ea* celebrat+ ! p]fections ( ! ,virg94 ,diff]+ f ,orig51 he f\nd ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 n ! ,*ri/1 to be ! speak] ( ! words3 #8,i am ! rose ( ,%>on & ! lily ( ! valleys4' ,diff]+ aga9 f ! ,*ur* fa!r1 he fur!r id5tifi$ #8! lily among ?orns1' %e :o is address$ z #8my si/]1 my sp\se1' ) ! ,virg9 & n ) ! ,*ur* ( ,god ^u ,e>?4 ,sa9t ,b]n>d 0 ! mo/ popul> prea*] ( 8 "t2 8 s]mons became kn[n ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & to 8 influ5ce may be trac$ ! high position :i* ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ n[ holds 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,b1 s f>1 ! lily _h n appe>$ 9 pictorial art 9 connection ) ! ,virg94 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury1 h[ev]1 we f9d ecclesia/ical seals :i* be> ! figure ( ! ,virg9 hold+ by ! left h& 7or "r1 z x w\ld appe> on ! impress7 ! ,*ild1 & 9 h] "r a bran* ( lilies4 ,two ( ^! seals1 t ( ! ,dean & ,*apt] ( ,l9coln & t ( ,?ornholm ,priory 9 ,l9coln%ire1 are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x seems to h be5 ! fa%ion 9 ! elev5?1 twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies to engrave ! own]'s figure on a seal ) a fl[] 9 ! h&4 ,on ! seal ( ,capet ,h5ri ,i he is %[n ) a sceptre 9 "o h& & a fleur-de-lys 9 ! o!r1 & ! figures on ! seals ( ! ,que5s ( ,france h a fl[] 9 ei!r h&4 ,!re=e x 0 only natural1 :5 cutt+ ! ,virg9's figure on a seal1 t ! craftsman %\ld give h] a fl[] too1 & ! ,virg9's own fl[]1 ! lily4 ,! cons]vatism ( *ur*m5 & ! traditions ( ,byzant9e art /ill kept lilies at ! ?re%old ( ! ,*ur* till ! ,r5aissance came4 ,x came l ! spr+1 unc]ta9ly at fir/1 ) puffs & gu/s & relapses1 b e day ! atmosph]e grew m g5ial1 m life-giv+1 till at la/ e bran* ( human ?\ght 0 alive & gr[+4 ,! old e>ly ,*ri/ian fe> ( beauty z a devil's lure 0 dy+ fa/1 & z s*ol>s & arti/s /udi$ ) new int]e/ ! legacies ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome1 ! old pagan joy ( p]fect =m 9 art z 9 lit]ature reviv$ once m4 ,a repres5tation ( ! climax ( ! ,*ri/ian trag$y c\ld only be an awful ?+1 b *ildhood & womanhood _h ! "r to beauty4 ,! old ,byzant9e panels ( ! ,*ild-,*ri/ & ,8 ,"m 7 little m ?an a =mula2 ! l9es & col\r 7 n beautiful1 ?\gh und]/ood to repres5t a ?+ ( beauty4 ,n[ arti/s & p requir$ t %e :o1 on ! ^w ( ,scripture1 0 #8! faire/ among wom51'#bh %\ld be adequately pres5t$1 & ! ,*ur* gave cons5t4 ,b x 0 und]/ood t ! lovel9ess ( ! ,virg9 %\ld be /rictly ! beauty ( hol9ess1 = ,sa9t ,ambrose _h affirm$#bi t1 9 ! ,"m ( ,god1 corporeal beauty _h be51 z x 71 ! reflection ( ! beauty ( ! s\l1 & ! e>ly arti/s1 hamp]$ by lack ( te*nical skill & confus$ by monki% ideals ( asceticism1 too (t5 r5d]$ _! ,madonnas emaciat$ & bloodless1 ev5 languid & fretful 9 expression1 mi/ak+ ! outw>d signs ( a subdu$ fle% = ^? ( a p]fect$ _s4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,sa9t ,dom9ic came to ,italy ) 8 fi]y zeal1 8 devotion to ! ,virg9 & 8 ,spani% traditions ( ! fl[] ( ,our ,lady4 ,= him1 ! quality :i* rais$ h] s f> above all o!r wom5 0 h] spotlessness2 %e 0 #8s9 pecado1' #8,m>ia ,purissima4' ,h] o!r phases1 z ,"m ( ! ,sorr[ful1 ,refuge ( ,s9n]s1 or ,consol] ( ! ,afflict$1 7 to him ( second>y importance4 ,already ?r\gh ! prea*+ ( ,sa9t ,francis ,italian intellect _h be5 r5d]$ capable ( appreciat+ ! beauty ( simplicity4 ,ea* arti/ knew t ! true beauty ( ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 0 n to be express$ by jewels or wond]fully-wr\ght raim5t1 & z ! words ( ,sa9t ,dom9ic pass$ f m\? to m\?1 ! p ( ,italy came to und]/& t ! mo/ preci\s virtue ( ,*ri/'s ,"m 0 h] purity1 symboliz$ v fitly by ! lily4 ,! symbol1 beautiful 9 itself1 & s sugge/ive ( ! quality x repres5t$1 impress$ ! imag9ation cle>ly1 & pres5tly !re 0 a bloom ( pictur$ lilies4 ,! mosaici/ ,cavall9i1#cj ,duccio di ,buon9segna1#ca ,giotto1#cb ,simone ,m>t9i1#cc & ,orcagna#cd l$ ! way1 & ! ,*ri/ian arti/s ( ! _w h foll[$4 ,! e>lie/ lilies fl[]$ 9 ,rome2 b ,si5a1 ,umbria1 ,flor5ce1 ,v5ice1 & lat] ! ,ne!rl&s & ,g]many1 all soon _h _! vot>ies ( ! my/ic fl[]4 ,! ,fr5* ivory work]s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 influ5c$ d\btless by ! tradition ( ! seal-cutt]s1 frequ5tly plac$ fl[]s 9 ! h& ( ! ,madonna4 ,^! little ivory /atuettes are usually v sweet 9 type & (t5 exquisite 9 workman%ip4 ,! ,*ild is held on ! left arm1 & ! "r h& holds a l>ge s+le lily cup1 a pe>-l fruit1 or1 m g5]ally1 a natural /alk ( lilies ) leaves & fl[]s4 ,always :5 plac$ beside ! ,virg91 or 9 h] h&1 ! lily is ! symbol ( h] purity1 & a lily /&+ alone1 z does ! beautiful /em 9 pietra-dura "w1 :i* decorates ! little oratory ( #8,our ,lady ( ! ,annunciation' 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,santissima ,annunziata ( ,flor5ce1 is ! emblem ( ! ,madonna h]self1 ! #8,lilium int] ,sp9as4' ,mod]n ,biblical comm5tators are agre$ t ! #8lily ( ! valleys' ( ! ,song ( ,solomon is n ! :ite lily ( ,europe b ! sc>let anemone4 ,! lilium c&idum appe>s nev] to h gr[n 9 ,syria4 ,9 ! late spr+ & e>ly summ]1 h[ev]1 ! anemones gr[ ?ickly 9 e grassy pat* ar\nd ,j]usalem & ?r\gh\t ,pale/9e4 ,t ! fl[] m5tion$ is r$ seems indicat$ by ! comp>ison betwe5 x & ! lips ( ! #8,belov$1' & ! anemone1 :i* responds s readily to ! sun1 ?r[+ back its sc>let petals & b>+ its he>t to ! w>m?1 might well /& = ! passionate lov] ( ! ,canticles4 ,b ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* held ! fl[] to be a lilium1 & = ! ,*ur* & = sacr$ art x 0 & rema9s ! lilium c&idum4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,fr5* ,,ms4 ( #ad? ,c5tury ,,iv ,,! ,,iris ,! only rival to ! lilium c&idum z ! lily ( ! ,virg9 is ! iris4 ,/rictly speak+1 x is n a lily at all1 = ! ,iridacea & ! ,liliacea are di/9ct botanical ord]s4 ,b 9 ,g]many x is kn[n z ! sword-lily1 f its sword-%ap$ leaves2 9 ,france x has always be5 id5tifi$ ) ! #8fleur-de-lys'2 9 ,spa9 x is a #8lirio'--a lily--& ,%akespe>e writes3 #8444 ,& lilies ( all k9ds ,! ,fl[]-de-luce be+ "o4' ,its fir/ appe>ance z a religi\s symbol is 9 ! "w ( ! e>ly ,flemi% ma/]s1 :]e x bo? accompanies & replaces ! :ite lily z ! fl[] ( ! ,virg94 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5#ce pa9ts bo? fl[]s 9 a vase be=e ! ,virg91 & ! iris alone 9 ano!r picture#cf ( ,m>y ) ! ,holy ,*ild4 ,9 8 #8,annunciation'#cg ! vase holds only :ite lilies4 ,!re is iris gr[+ among ! roses 9 ,jan van ,eyck's #8,virg9 ( ! ,f\nta91'#ch b 9 8 ,annunciations !re is only ! :ite lily4 ,meml+1 h[ev]1 places an iris half hidd5 bel[ ! lilies 9 "o ,annunciation1#ci :ile 9 a #8,madonna ) ! ,*ild'#dj !re is also a s+le iris1 ?\gh 9 ?is case ! iris rises above ! lilies4 ,! ,ma/] ( ,flmalle 9 8 f9e #8,sa9t ,b>b>a'#da places an iris 9 a vase beside ! sa9t1 :]e ! :ite lily ( a virg9 m>tyr might h be5 expect$4 ,! symbolism ( ! iris & ! lily at fir/ sight appe>s to be id5tical1 & ! sub/itution ( ! iris = ! lilium seems to be ! result ( "s confusion betwe5 #8lys' & #8fleur-de-lys1' acc5tuat$ by ! lik5ess betwe5 ! iris & ! lilies ( ! ,fr5* royal /&>d ) :i* ! p ( ! ,ne!rl&s 7 famili>1 s9ce !y 7 emblazon$ on ! %ield ( ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy4 ,9 ! mosaics ( ,rav5na1 :]e ! lily is us$ to indicate ! delights ( ,heav51 x is drawn 9 silh\ette1 %[+ ?ree petals1 & v closely resembles ! #8fleur-de-lys' ( h]aldry4 ,! same conv5tion born ( ! extreme difficulty ( giv+ modell$ =m 9 utt] :it5ess1 p>ticul>ly 9 a m$ium unfitt$ to express f9e gradations ( %ade1 is f\nd 9 wov5 "w1 tool$ lea!r1 & embroid]y1 & ! common lik5ess ( ! imp]fectly-r5d]$ lilium c&idum & ! iris to ! sacr$ lily ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% royal /&>ds1 is suffici5t to acc\nt = any indecision z to :i* 0 precisely ! ,virg9's lily4 ,x is conceivable1 too1 t ! arti/s ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 :5 !y pa9t$ a ,madonna = _! *ur*es1 set h] 9 ! mid/ ( ! iris :i* grew s ?ickly r\nd _! doors r ?an limit h] patronage to ! :ite lily1 :i* 0 /ill exotic & conf9$ to "s few conv5t g>d5s4 ,= ! iris made _! ,lady m entirely _! own--& s %e w\ld appeal m /rongly to ! emotions ( ! simple4 ,b 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 symbolism 0 usually v precise1 & !re does seem to be a slight diff]5ce 9 ! use ( ! two lilies4 ,! lilium c&idum is us$ exclusively z ! symbol ( virg9al purity1 m p>ticul>ly 9 relation to ! fact t ! ,virg9 ,m>y 0 a "m1 b ! iris1 ! royal lily1 appe>s to be ! emblem or attribute ( ! inc>nate ,godhead4 ,?\gh ,sa9t ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux _h attribut$ ! metaphor1 #8,i am 444 ! lily ( ! valleys1' to ! ,virg91 ,orig51 ! old] &1 9 ! ,nor?1 weighti] au?ority1 held ,*ri/ to be ! lily4 ,9 ! #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds'#db ( ,hugo van d] ,goes1 :]e ! symbolism all ref]s to ! ,*ild1 !re is no :ite lily1 b ! orange lily & ! purple & :ite iris4 ,9 ! ,annunciation ( ,meml+1 ! s+le iris bel[ ! lilies may be ! emblem ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,david's h\se :o 0 to be born ( virg9al innoc5ce--& x may h ! same mean+ :]e x rises above ! lilies 9 ! picture :]e ! royal ,*ild sits ^u ,8 "m's knee4 ,x may also indicate royal bir? 9 ! #8,sa9t ,b>b>a' ( ! ,prado4 ,%e 0 ! daught] ( a ,k+1 b 9 ?is pa9t+ has no cr[n or o!r attribute ( royalty4 ,x is noticeable1 too1 t _h !re be5 a :ite lily 9 ! vase x w\ld h be5 difficult to di/+ui% ?is ,sa9t ,b>b>a f a figure ( ! ,virg94 ,! idea ( royalty 9 connection ) ! iris receiv$ support f ! con/ant recurr5ce ( ! #8fleur-de-lys1' accept$ z an iris 7?\gh "s cont5d t ! =m1 z a symbol ( royalty1 came orig9ally f ,egypt & 0 f\nd$ on ! lotus71 on royal cr[ns & sceptres4 ,meml+ & 8 s*ool us$ su* cr[ns z ! symbol ( div9e maje/y1 plac+ !m ^u ! heads ( ,god ! ,fa!r1#dc ( ,god ! ,son1#dd & also on ! head ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4#de ,dante also appe>s to use ! #8fleur-de-lys' or #8fiordaliso' z a symbol ( hon\r3 #8444 ,b5ea? ! sky ,s beautiful1 came f\r-&-tw5ty eld]s 7signori7 ,by two & two1 ) fl[]-de-luces cr[n'd4'#df ,"s comm5tators1 tak+ ! f\r-&-tw5ty p]sonages z ! f\r-&-tw5ty canonical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 consid] ! cr[ns ( fl[]s to be symbolical ( ! purity ( ! doctr9e f\nd )9 ! books1 hold+ a #8fiordaliso' to equal ! :ite lily z a symbol1 b x is possible t ! poet meant ! =mal fleur-de-lys ^u a gold5 cr[n or ! fre% iris blooms :i* w\ld also =m a cr[n ( hon\r4 ,! iris is sometimes us$ symbolically 9 ,italy1 & !re is 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,spirito 9 ,flor5ce an #8,annunciation' n[ usually ascrib$ to ,pesello4 ,betwe5 ,m>y & ! angel /&s a vase f :i* spr+ ?ree purple iris4 ,?is vase1 on ei!r side ( :i* ! figures b5d1 is n m]ely a v>iation ( ! vase ( :ite lilies indicat+ ! virg9ity ( ,m>y :i* is se5 9 s _m e>ly ,annunciations1 b x is ! same symbol develop$ & enri*$1 till x repres5ts ! dogma ( ! immaculate bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,! vase1 9 _m cases transp>5t1 typifies ,m>y1 & ! upspr++ fl[] is ! emblem ( ! inc>nate ,godhead4#dg ,ghirl&aio places ! iris1 violet & daisy1 ea* gr[+ up /rongly & fre%ly f ! b>e gr\nd ( ! /abley>d1 9 8 #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds1'#dh & 9 a picture ( ! sixte5? c5tury by ,palmezzano ( ,=l1#di ! ,*ild1 seat$ on ,8 ,"m's knee1 holds a /em ( iris z a sceptre2 b1 on ! :ole1 ! iris 0 little pa9t$ 9 ,italy4 ,9 art :i* is purely ,g]man ! iris is v r>ely us$1 ?\gh ,alb]t ,dr] pa9t$ a #8,madonna ( ! ,sword-lily1'#ej b 9 ,spa9 x holds an important place4 ,spani% art is poor 9 symbolism1 ?\gh x recogniz$ e>ly & priz$ highly ! :ite lilies ( ! ,annunciation4 ,except1 p]haps1 = ! flame-tipp$ d>t ( div9e love1 !re seems to be no symbol ( truly ,spani% orig91 & ^? us$ by ,spani% arti/s 7 mo/ly tak5 f ! art ( ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,flemi% art 0 pr(\ndly admir$ 9 ,spa91 & ! ,spani% 7 well acqua9t$ ) x1 = !re 0 naturally mu* int]c\rse betwe5 ! two c\ntries 9 ! days be=e ! ,ne!rl&s e/abli%$ _! indep5d5ce4 ,also ,jan van ,eyck visit$ ,portugal & ,spa9 9 ! tra9 ( 8 patron1 ,philip ! ,good ( ,burgundy1 & f ! ,hispano-,mauresque types 9 "s ( ! lat] "w ( ! ,ma/] ( ,flmalle !re is reason to ?9k t he1 too1 _h be5 9 ! p59sula4 ,! symbol ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]s :i* p>ticul>ly appeal$ to ! ,spani% 0 ! iris1 :i* grew small & wild ^u _! own hills1 & ) a fre]1 heavi] gr[? 9 ! palace g>d5s1 ^: admirable wat]-works _h be5 plann$ & execut$ by ! despis$ ,moors4 ,!y adopt$ ! iris z ! royal lily ( ! ,virg91 ! attribute ( ! ,que5 ( ,heav51 z ! lilium c&idum 0 ! attribute ( ! ,maid ( ,naz>e?4 ,! iris1 !re=e1 0 deem$ p>ticul>ly suitable z a detail 9 t mo/ fav\rite ,spani% devotional repres5tation ( ! ,virg91 an #8,immaculate ,conception4' ,! ,virg91 repres5t$ z ! woman #8clo!d ) ! sun & ! moon b5ea? h] feet1' is usually att5d$ by *ild angels :o c>ry roses1 lilies1 palm & olive4 ,! purple iris is g5]ally add$1 & sometimes ! :ite lily is omitt$ & ! iris only giv54 ,! ,spani>ds1 !re=e1 atta*$ ! same idea ( royalty to ! iris z did ! ,flem+s1 b transf]r$ ! attributes f ! royal ,son to ! cr[n$ ,"m1 = 9 ,spa9 x is n f\nd z ! attribute or ! emblem ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,lat]1 ! :ole ,ca?olic ,*ur* seems to h accept$ bo? ! iris & ! lily1 & ! mosaic alt>-frontals ( ,/ ,pet]'s 9 ,rome be> a design 9 :i* ! rose1 ! lily & ! iris are unit$4 ,v ,,! ,,rose ,roses1 among ! ,romans1 7 ! symbol ( victory1 ( triumphant love1 ( ! pride & pomp ( life1 & 7 by long association z pagan z ! lily is sacr$4 ,! ,madonna lily 7lilium c&idum7 0 ! fl[] ( ! ,virg9 & ( ! virg9 sa9ts2 ! rose 0 ! fl[] ( ,v5us4 #8,& on hire h$1 full semmly = to see ,a rose g]lond fres% & wel smell+4'#ea ,9 ! #8,triumph ( ,v5us1' by ,cosimo ,tura1#eb ! goddess1 :o is 9 tru? a mode/-look+ lady1 fully drap$ & firmly girdl$1 we>s a cr[n ( roses1 r$ & :ite4 ,b5ea? h] cockle-%ell is ano!r picture1#ec ! sea is #8suck+ 9 "o by "o ! fall+ roses1 ea* sev]e 9 outl9e1 pluck$ (f %ort at ! /alk1 b embr[n$ a little z ,botticelli's roses always are4'#ed ,b ! ,*ur* grudg$ ,v5us ! fl[]4 ,roses1 said ,wilfr$ ,/rabo1 7 ! fl[] ( m>tyrdom4 #8,ros m>tyres1 rubore sangu9is1' wrote ,sa9t ,melitus1 ,bi%op ( ,s>des1 9 ! second c5tury1 & ,sa9t ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux f\nd ! rose to be a fitt+ symbol ( ! ,passion ( our ,"l4 ,b ?\gh ! rose 0 r$ to ! col\r ( blood1 & f5c$ ar\nd ) cruelle/ ?orns1 x _h be5 s long associat$ ) ! joys ( life t ! _w refus$ to recognize x z ! fl[] ( dea?4 ,only z ! sign ( ! triumphant entry ( ! dep>t$ s\l to ,heav5 0 ! symbol acceptable4 ,roses sprang f ! blood ( ^? :o fell = _! fai? at ,roncevaux 7z inde$ !y sprang f ! spilt blood ( ,adonis71 b !y 7 also ! sign ( victory ov] ! pagan1 & :5 ! ,virg9 ,m>y 0 laid )9 h] tomb x 0 9 rejoic+ t #8/raightway !re surr\nd$ h] fl[]s ( roses :i* are ! bless$ company ( m>tyrs4'#ee ,b ! ,*ur*1 always wise 9 matt]s /hetic1 did n insi/ ^u ! tragic significance ( ! rose4 ,x 0 all[$ to be /ill ! symbol ( love1 b ( div9e love1 & x is z ! symbol ( ! love ( ,god t x n[ decorates our *ur*es 9 c>v+s ( wood or /one1 9 ! silv] "w ( *ur* ornam5ts & on embroid]$ ve/m5ts & alt> frontals4 ,! rose has nev] be5 especially associat$ ) ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,orig51 :o held t ! text :i* we r5d]1 #8,i am ! rose ( ,%>on1' 0 a self-description ( our ,"l1 read ! v]se1 #8,i am ! fl[] ( ! field1' s giv+ ! ,*ur* no cle> image4 ,:5 9 art an emblem 0 requir$ to repres5t our ,"l1 ! anci5t catacomb devices ( ! lamb & ! v9e 7 employ$4 ,any ref]5ce to ,him "u ! metaphor ( a fl[] 0 r>e & usually vague1 z ! *>m+ #8gold fl[]' ( ! ,blickl+ ,homilies4 #8,!n ! ,que5 ( all ! maid5s gave bir? to ! true ,creator & ,consol] ( mank9d1 :5 ! gold-fl[] came unto ?is _w & receiv$ a human body f ,s4 ,m>y1 ! spotless ,virg94' ,or aga9 z a fruit ris+ f ! my/ical rose3 #8,n[ spr+ up fl\ris fra ! rute ,rev]t y upw>d naturally ,9 hon\r ( ! blissit frute ,t raiss up fro ! rose ,m>y4'#ef ,!re are "s m$ival ,lat9 hymns = ! ,nativity 9 :i* ,*ri/ is ref]r$ to z ! rose spr++ f ! lily4 ,! simile1 h[ev]1 0 by no means appli$ to ,him exclusively1 = 9 a ,visitation hymn ( ! same p]iod ,he is allud$ to z ! lily hidd5 9 ! rose4 ,b ?\gh ! rose is n (t5 ! emblem ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 bo? 9 lit]ature & art x is us$ z ! symbol ( ,8 love4 ,sa9t ,mectilda1 9 ! disc\rse on ! ?ree p]fumes ( div9e love1 tells u t #8! fir/ ( ^! p]fumes is ! rose-wat] di/ill$ 9 ! /ill ( *>ity f ! mo/ beautiful ( all roses1 ! he>t ( our ,"l1'#eg & repeat$ly 9 ecclesia/ical art1 roses fall+ or fall5 f ,heav51 signify div9e love4 ,! lovely angels 9 ,signorelli's #8,p>adise'#eh c>ry roses 9 _! loop$ drap]ies & scatt] !m d[n ^u ! r$eem$ s\ls b5ea?1 & 9 ,botticelli's #8,coronation ( ! ,virg9'#ei ! air is also full ( roses1 symbols ( ! love ( ,god4 ,& symbols ( div9e love are also ! fall+ roses 9 t vision ( ,sa9t ,francis :i* 0 s (t5 pa9t$ by ,spani% arti/s & call$ by !m #8,la ,port9cula4'#fj ,! sa9t1 kneel+ 9 8 cell "o w9t]'s night1 0 mu* tr\bl$ by ! memory ( a fair woman4 ,to ov]come ! temptation he w5t out & ?rew himself among ! bri>s ( ! wild]ness4 ,he 0 rew>d$ by a vision ( ! ,savi\r1 seat$ 9 glory1 ) ! ,virg9 by ,8 side1 & z a tok5 t 8 p5it5ces 7 accept$ ! ?orns bloom$ ) roses4 ,9 mo/ r5d]+s ( ! leg5d ! my/ical roses fall 9 a %[] ar\nd him1 & 9 ,murillo's f9e picture#fa ! putti are en]getically pelt+ ! sa9t ) blossoms4 ,x 0 a subject pa9t$ con amore by ! ,spani>ds1 =--,assumptions ap>t--! traditions ( art 9 ,spa9 7 di/9ctly gloomy & !y seiz$ :]e !y c\ld an excuse = col\r4 ,ev5 ,zurburan succumb$ to ! roses4#fb ,! roses :i* /rew ! floor ( ,heav5 9 a fam\s dipty*#fc by an unkn[n ,engli% pa9t] are also symbols ( div9e love4 ,! panels %[ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 :o is pres5t$ to ! ,virg9 by ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,sa9t ,edmund & ,sa9t ,edw>d ! ,confessor4 ,! roses r\nd ! ,virg9's feet are p9k & yell[1 & heavi]1 h&som] fl[]s ?an ^? :i* are f\nd 9 ,italian pictures ( ! same p]iod4 ,= ! re/1 ?is ,heav5 is especially rem>kable = ! polit5ess ( ! blue-w+$1 blue-rob$ angels1 :o ea*1 9 complim5t to _! royal visitor1 we> 8 badge--a :ite h>t c\*ant1 coll>$ & *a9$ or--^u ! %\ld]4 ,r$ roses1 said ,sa9t ,b]n>d1 7 symbolical ( ! ,passion ( our ,"l1 b nei!r 9 ,*ur* obs]vances nor 9 art h !y be5 g5]ally adopt$ ) t mean+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a picture ( ! ,*ri/-,*ild 9 ,cadiz4 ,he holds ! cr[n ( ?orns1 & at ,8 feet are ! globe & ! apple4 ,all ar\nd1 fill+ ! backgr\nd1 are blood-r$ roses1 symbol ( ! ,passion :i* 0 to come4 ,?is =eca/ ( pa9 9 ! ,spani% r5d]+s ( ! ,savi\r's infancy is ev5 m m>k$ 9 a picture by ,zurburan1#fd :]e 9 play ,he plaits a cr[n ( rose ?orns1 ! fl[]s ly+ beside ,him & at ,8 feet4 ,div9e love & div9e passion1 int]m+l$1 may be :at ! roses indicate 9 _m #8,adorations' ( great beauty :]e ! sc5e is laid 9 a rose-g>d54 ,9 ! #8,adoration' ( ,n]i di ,bicci#fe ! ,holy ,*ild lies surr\nd$ by lilies & r$ & pale roses4 ,! lilies signify ,8 s9lessness & ! roses app>5tly ,8 love & passion4 ,! little ,sa9t ,john /&s beh9d ) a scroll on :i* is inscrib$ #8,,ecce ,,agnus ,,dei4' ,!re is a lovely picture#ff n[ ascrib$ to ,bottic9i1 :]e angels playfully spr9kle rose petals ov] ! ,infant ,*ri/ 9 a rose-trellis$ g>d54 #8,!y wor%ip "h always alone1 ?\gh !re is no gate to ! g>d52 ! angels h rel9qui%$ high ,heav5 = ^! delights2 = ! sc5t ( ^! roses :i* !y pluck1 & ! ,*ild has rel9qui%$ ,heav5 = ^! roses1 & ! ?orns :i* he %all ga!r f !m 444 ! season ( _! ?orns is nev] ov]1 & :il/ x is ! "t ( roses 9 ?is picture1 !re is ! =eca/ ( _! ?orns 9 x4'#fg ,9 ! ,speculum ,human ,salvationis1 a ,,ms4 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1#fh ! ,holy ,dove is depict$ ^u a rose4 ,f ! bosom ( a seat$ figure1 :i* repres5ts ,david or ,jesse1 a rose tree issues4 ,at ! summit ( ! tree !re is a five-petall$ rose1 9 ! c5tre ( :i*1 z 9 a ne/1 sits a dove1 :i* repres5ts ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! design is f\nd$ ^u ! text ( ,isaiah :i* has be5 p>aphras$ by ,pope3 #8,f ,jesse's root behold a bran* arise1 ,^: sacr$ fl[] ) fragrance fills ! skies2 ,?' !rial ,_s o'er its leaves %all move ,& on its top desc5ds ! sacr$ ,dove4' ,! rose repres5ts ,*ri/1 ! p]fect fl[] ( ! human race1 sprung f ! root ( ,jesse1 & ! dove desc5ds ^u x z ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ ^u our ,"l at ,8 baptism 9 ,jordan4 ,sa9t ,b]n>d1 diff]+ f ,orig51 id5tifi$ ! ,virg9 ,m>y ) ! fl[] ( ! field & also ) ! ab/raction describ$ z #8,wisdom' 9 ,ecclesia/icus1 #8exalt$ l a palm tree 9 ,eng$di & z a rose plant 9 ,j]i*o4' #8,rosa ,my/ica1 ora pro nobis6' prays ! ,*ur*4 #8,"h is ! ,rose ,:]e9 ! ,^w ,div9e 0 made ,inc>nate1' wrote ,dante4 ,an ,engli% hymn compos$ ab\t ! ye> #acjj has ! l9es3 #8,lav$y 7,lady71 fl[] ( alle ?+ ,rosa s9e sp9a ,?u b]e ,jhesu1 hev5e k+ ,gratia dev9a4' ,& ne>ly two c5turies lat] ,william ,dunb> wrote3 #8,hev9s di/il y\r balmy %[ris3 ,= n[ is ris5 ! bri*t day-/ir ,fro ! rose ,m>y1 fl\r ( fl[ris4' ,!re=e1 9 ! decoration ( *ur*es d$icat$ to ! ,madonna1 ! rose frequ5tly occurs4 ,x does n sup]s$e ! lily1 :i* 0 ! fl[] especially consecrat$ to h]1 b x is f\nd beside x4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore 9 ,rome is ornam5t$ along ! aisles1 above ! side *apels1 ) a s]ies ( panels1 gold on :ite1 :i* %[ ! floral emblems ( ! ,virg94 ,! rose1 ! lily1 ! olive1 ! laurel & ! v9e alt]nate d[n ! :ole l5g? ( ! *ur*4 ,! beautiful little *apel beh9d ! %r9e ( ! ,santissima ,annunziata1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,annunziata 9 ,flor5ce1 0 decorat$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ) inlaid & rais$ pietra-dura "w4 ,ea* ( ! five onyx panels :i* =m ! walls has ^u x an emblem ( ! ,virg9--! sun1 ! moon1 ! ,/ella m>is1 ! lily1 &1 mo/ lovely ( !m all1 ! bran* ( roses bel[ ! words #8,rosa ,my/ica4' ,?is rose is r$1 &1 /rangely en\gh1 ! r$ rose1 r ?an ! :ite1 0 *os5 to repres5t ! ,virg94 ,wrote ,guido ,orl&i 9 #abib3 #8,if ?\ had/ said1 my fri5d1 ( ,m>y1 ,lov+ & full ( grace2 ,?\ art a r$ rose plant$ 9 ! g>d52 ,?\ w\ld/ h writt5 fitt+ly4' ,9 ! ,s>um ,book ( ,h\rs1 by ,philippe ,pig\*et1#fi publi%$ 9 #aeja1 ! huge rose held by ! ,virg9 def9itely illu/rates h] title ( #8,rosa ,my/ica1' b ^? pictures ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e s*ool1 9 :i* %e holds a small r$ or :ite rose1 %[ h] z ! #8,madonna del ,fiore1' = z #8,our ,lady ( ! ,fl[]' %e _h be5 in/all$ patroness ( ! city ( ,flor5ce4 ,x w\ld h seem$ natural1 s9ce ! lily 0 ^u ! %ield ( ,flor5ce1 to h plac$ a lily1 h] own fl[]1 9 ! ,madonna's h&4 ,b ! city ( ,flor5ce _h pass$ ?r\gh tr\bl$ times j be=e ! revival ( h] art1 & ! silv] lily on h] %ield _h be5 replac$ by "o ( crimson4 #8,_h ?r\gh diss5sion be5 ) v]meil dy$4'#gj ,r ?an pa9t h] ) ! crimson lily1 ,flor5t9e arti/s gave h] ! rose1 & %e holds a :ite leafless rose 9 ! da9ty little picture by ,fra ,angelico :i* is n[ 9 ! ,vatican4#ga ,!re 0 an odd fancy ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury to repres5t ! ,virg9 ,m>y z ,la ,div9a ,pa/ora fe$+ h] %eep ) roses4 ,! orig9al picture ) ?is title 0 by ,alfonso da ,tob>4#gb ,he f\nd imitators bo? 9 ,spa9 & ,france1 & 9 ,s\!rn ,spa9 ! popul>ity ( ! subject /ill p]si/s4 ,!re is a pla/ic gr\p1 ne>ly life-size1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,catal9a 9 ,cadiz4 ,! ,virg9 is dress$ la ,watteau ) a b]ibbon$ crook & a rose-wrea!d hat4 ,%e fe$s ) roses & lilies ! %eep & lambs gamboll+ r\nd h] knees2 an almond tree fl[]s above1 & ! ,*ri/-,*ild1 dress$ z a small %eph]d boy1 /&s 9 front4 ,x is all p9k & :ite1 gay & da9ty1 9 a corn] ( ! au/]e :itewa%$ conv5t *apel :i* has ,murillo's beautiful #8,m>riage ( ,sa9t ,ca?>9e' above ! alt>4 ,a simil> gr\p1 b m dignifi$ 9 type & less frivol\s 9 detail1 is 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity at ,cordova4 ,!y are /range artificial fl[]s ( t gloomy gr[?1 ,spani% ,art4 ,,vi ,,! ,,c>nation ,9 e>ly ,g]man devotional poems ! nelk51 ! p9k1 c>nation or gillyfl[]1 is occasionally us$ z ! simile ( ! ,virg94 ,conrad von ,wrtzburg writes3 #8,?\ art a fragrant gillyfl[] sprig4' ,b x has be5 giv5 no def9ite & individual /atus z a symbol4 ,v frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 9 ecclesia/ical art1 m p>ticul>ly t ( ,v5ice & ,nor!rn ,italy1 x is f\nd :]e ! rose might be expect$4 ,x is plac$ ) ! lily 9 a vase beside ! ,virg91 ) ! violet be=e ! ,infant ,*ri/1 & ) ! wild /rawb]ries among ! grass ( ,p>adise4 ,9 ,g]many ! c>nation is se5 fall+ f above ) heav5ly roses1 & occasionally1 ev51 9 spite ( ! writt5 leg5d1 x replaces ! roses 9 ,sa9t ,doro!a's wrea?4 ,x w\ld appe>1 !re=e1 t ! symbolism ( ! c>nation is id5tical ) t ( ! rose1 & :51 = any reason1 ! arti/ did n c>e to pa9t ! rose1 he sub/itut$ ! c>nation4 ,ea* ye> ?\s&s ( c>nation blossoms are br\ght to ! ,lat]an ,*ur* 9 ,rome on ! fea/-day ( ,sa9t ,john1 & ! p br+ c>nations1 n roses1 because by midsumm]'s day ! bloom+ "t ( ,roman roses is almo/ pa/4 ,a sc>city ( roses w\ld seem "o reason at lea/ 9 ! ,v5etian pictures ( ! fifte5? c5tury :y ! c>nation replaces ! rose4 ,e>?1 ev5 suffici5t to gr[ a rose bu%1 0 sc>ce 9 ! sea-wa%$ city1 b c>nations !n1 z n[1 mu/ h gr[n 9 pots on e balcony4 ,s ! ,v5etians pa9t$ _! own famili> fl[] r ?an draw ! rose1 z ,c>paccio did 8 camels1 f descriptions furni%$ by obs]vant travell]s4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s & ,g]many arti/s probably pref]r$ ! c>nation to ! rose4 ,x is m precise 9 %ape1 neat] 9 its habit ( gr[?1 ri*] 9 col\r ?an ! rose1 & !re=e m 9 ! _s ( ,nor!rn art1 :i* lik$ to express def9ite & closely-reason$ symbolism ) di/9ct bright col\rs & %>ply-realiz$ =m4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 ! arti/s1 m conc]n$ ) ! depict+ ( ! s\l ?an ) ! out] %ell ( ?+s1 m poetical & also m vague & less accurate 9 _! symbolism1 7 bett] pleas$ ) ! m elusive *>ms ( ! loosely-petall$ rose4 ,9 an #8,adoration' by ,botticelli#gc ! ,holy ,*ild lies among violets1 daisies & wild /rawb]ries1 & ! backgr\nd is fill$ ) freely-gr[+ roses1 drawn app>5tly f memory1 n life4 ,! roses signify ! div9e love :i* impell$ ! ,savi\r ( ! _w to be born z a human ,*ild4 ,9 ! same subject by ,hugo van d] ,goes#gd ?ree c>efully-pa9t$ c>nations are plac$ 9 a cry/al vase1 & are symbols ( ! div9e love ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity by :i* ,god ! ,son became inc>nate1 ! cry/al vase 9 ,nor!rn art typify+ ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,b 9 ! ,si5ese & ,flor5t9e s*ools also ! c>nation is sometimes f\nd1 & v r>ely 9 ! same picture z ! rose4#ge ,!re=e x w\ld seem conclusive t :5 ! pa9t] ( ! ,*ur* did n c>e to use ! rose because1 probably1 ( its association ) ,v5us & sc5es pr(ane1 he 0 free1 if he *ose1 to use ! c>nation z its sub/itute4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! mo/ fam\s c>nations 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 ^? two :i* h giv5 ! "n ( #8,! ,ma/] ) ! ,c>nations' to ! anonym\s ,swiss pa9t] ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 seem to h no symbolical significance4 ,! picture#gf %[s ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/ prea*+ to ,k+ ,h]od f ! text3 #8,x is n lawful = !e to h ?y bro!r's wife4' ,! ,k+ is 9 8 *air ( /ate & ! ladies ( 8 c\rt are seat$ ^u cu%ions on ! tesselat$ pavem5t be=e ! pulpit4 ,directly bel[ ! pulpit lie ! two p9ks2 "o is :ite & "o r$4 ,possibly1 s9ce roses1 accord+ to ,sa9t ,melitus1#gg ,walafrid ,/rabo#gh & ,sa9t ,mectilda1#gi are ! symbols ( m>tyrdom1 ! c>nation may =e%ad[ ! approa*+ dea? ( ! prea*]1 b !y are m probably simply a detail to give v]isimilitude to ! composition1 z is ! dog t worries a bone 9 ! #8,dance ( ,salome' by ! same ma/]4 ,,vii ,,g>l&s ,,( ,,roses #8,let u cr[n ourselves ) rose-buds1'#hj cri$ ! revell]s 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom1 & at ,roman fea/s ho/ & gue/s alike wore roses on _! hair or 9 g>l&s r\nd _! necks4 ,s 9 ! heav5ly mansions1 :]e life is a p]petual fea/1 unfad+ roses cr[n ! elect4 ,wrea?s ( roses are ! symbol ( heav5ly joy & are worn alike by angels & by ! human s\ls :o h ent]$ bliss4 ,an e>ly ,*ri/ian prison] dreamt t he 0 already 9 ,heav53 #8,t[>ds u ran "o ( ! tw9 *ildr5 :o1 ?ree days be=e1 _h be5 decapitat$ ) _! "m4 ,a wrea? ( v]milion roses encircl$ 8 neck & 9 8 "r h& he held a gre5 & fre% palm4'#ha ,b5ea? ,byzant9e influ5ce ! rosy wrea?s turn$ to cr[ns ( jewels1 & 9 ! p]iod betwe5 ,con/ant9e & ,ju/9ian cr[ns 7 consid]$ /rictly necess>y = ! gue/s at ! heav5ly fea/s4 ,b :5 ! ,k+ ( ,heav5 ,himself 0 pres5t all rev]5tly uncr[n$1 & x is ) _! cr[ns 9 _! h&s t ! twelve apo/les /&1 & ! f\r-&-tw5ty eld]s 9 ! mosaics ( ,rome & ,rav5na4 ,9 ! ,neapolitan mosaics 9 ! ,*apel ( ,santa ,re/ituta eight figures1 app>5tly ( m>tyrs1 hold l>ge cr[ns resembl+ a victor's wrea?1 & ! graceful virg9 sa9ts on ! wall ( ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuova ea* c>ries h] wrea?4 ,! tall1 gr& angels ( ! mosaics h nei!r wrea?s nor g>l&s4 ,!y h ga9$ no cr[n because no /rife has ev] tr\bl$ _! s]5ity4 ,!y /& tall & /raight1 halo$1 ) spe>-l w&s 9 _! h&s4 ,aft] ! twelf? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! apo/les & m>tyrs no long] c>ry ! cr[n ( victory1 b x is ! angels :o we> wrea?s1 usually wrea?s ( roses1 :i* are ! symbol ( heav5ly joy4 ,&1 alas6 :at a l[]+ 9 type !re 0 f ! gr&1 dignifi$ be+s :o gu>d ! ?rone ( ,m>y1 on ! wall ( ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuova1 to ! *ildi%1 peep+1 rose-cr[n$ little att5dants :i* cr[d beh9d h] *air 9 pictures ( ! ,si5ese1 ,umbrian & e>ly ,flor5t9e s*ools4 ,! ar*angels /ill keep "s dignity1 b ! sweet little doll-l creatures1 rose-cr[n$ & gold5-w+$1 ( ,fra ,angelico seem an inadequate repres5tation ( ! ho/s ( ,heav54 ,b a magnific5t /rong-limb$ angel ( ! ,byzant9e type w\ld h ov]%ad[$ ! slight1 transp>5t-fle%$ ,madonna ^: physique %[$ traces ( ! asceticism :i* w5t t[>ds ! mak+ ( a sa9t4 ,s ! angels1 d5i$ gr& & vigor\s frames1 7 deck$ ) da9ty robes & cr[ns ( roses4 ,paul ,b\rget writes3 #8,ce d\ble et contradictoire ,idal1 celui d'une extase mona/ique conquise dans le m>tyre des s5s et celui d'une beaut qui p>le au s5s1 semble avoir co-exi/ dans le ,prug9 et dans les pe9tres qui l'ont prcd ou accompagn1 p>ticulirem5t dans ,b5$etto ,bonfigli1 dans ,eusebio da ,san ,giorgio1 dans ,giannicola ,manni et quelques autres dont la ,p9aco?que de ,pr\se enf]me les uvres4 ,ce rve complexe a son symbole dans les anges de ,bonfigli1 c\ronns de roses1 comme les impies dont p>le l',ecriture 8,c\ronnons-n\s de roses avant qu'elles ne soi5t fltries10 comme les convives aussi des banquets pai5s 8,respirons les roses tant qu'elles ressembl5t tes j\es4 ,embrassons tes j\es tant qu'elles ressembl5t tes roses40 ,mais ces pauvres anges aux *eveux fleuris ti5n5t dans leurs ma9s les in/rum5ts de la ,passion du ,sauveur1 et une piti d\l\reuse noie de r\ge leurs d\ces prunelles o r\l5t de grosses l>mes4'#hb ,b blissful s\ls z well z angels we> roses4 ,9 ! ,p>adise ( ,simone ,m>t9i1#hc ,sa9t ,pet] ) 8 key has op5$ ! gate ( ,heav5 & two angels /&+ by cr[n ) roses ea* s\l z x ent]s4 ,& m p>ticul>ly ^? s\ls are cr[n$ :o 9 _! e>?ly life c\ld rejoice 9 _! fai? ev5 :5 ov]:elm$ ) tr\bles4 ,symbol ( holy joy is ! cr[n ( roses :i* ,sa9t ,cecilia we>s4 ,h] leg5d1 l o!r leg5ds ( ! ,e>ly ,*ur*1 is bo? m poetic & m allegorical ?an ^? :i* orig9at$ 9 lat] times4 ,sa9t ,cecilia liv$ 9 virg9ity ) h] husb& ,val]ian1 :o1 ?r\gh love ( h]1 became a ,*ri/ian & 0 baptiz$4 #8,& return+ home he f\nd ,cecilia 9 h] *amb] conv]s+ ) a glitt]+ angel 444 & he held 9 8 h& two cr[ns ( roses & lilies1 & he gave "o ( !m to ,cecilia & ! o!r to ,val]ian4 #8,& on ! morr[1 :5 ,tib]tius came to salute 8 si/]-9-law ,cecilia1 he p]ceiv$ an excell5t od\r ( lilies & roses1 & ask$ h]1 wond]+1 :5ce %e _h untimely roses 9 ! w9t] season4' 7,t is1 :5ce came h] holy joy dur+ ! season ( p]secution47 #8,& ,val]ian answ]$ t ,god _h s5t !m cr[ns ( roses & lilies b t he c\ld n see !m till 8 eyes 7 op5$ & 8 body purifi$' 7by baptism74 ,!n foll[s ! acc\nt ( ! conv]sion ( ,tib]tius & ! dea?s ( all ?ree m>tyrs4 ,! #8,second ,nonne' told ! leg5d ( ! sa9t v prettily to ! ,cant]bury pilgrims3 #8,?\ ) ?y g]lond wr\ght ( rose & lilie ,!e1 m5e ,i1 maid & m>tir ,se9t ,cecilie4' ,& h] /ory appe>s to h be5 popul>1 ?\gh /rangely en\gh %e has nev] rank$ 9 popul>ity ) ,sa9t ,m>g>et1 ,sa9t ,ca?>9e ( ,alex&ria1 or ,sa9t ,b>b>a1 not)/&+ t h] /ory is c]ta9ly bett] au!nticat$ ?an !irs1 ! hi/orical details ( h] m>tyrdom hav+ be5 prov$ beyond dispute4 ,b %e is ess5tially a ,roman sa9t1 h] body ly+ 9 ,tra/ev]e on practically ! spot :]e %e suff]$ m>tyrdom "u ,m>cus ,aurelius1 & ) ! /range jeal\sy ( ,italian cities %e 0 almo/ ignor$ by ,si5a1 ,flor5ce & ,v5ice till ,raphael1 ,roman 9 all 8 sympa?ies1 pa9t$ ! f9e picture n[ 9 ,bologna4 ,9 ?is picture1 :]e %e appe>s z ! patroness ( ,music1 %e has no roses1 b ,lu9i#hd dresses h] head *>m+ly ) :ite roses & anemones4 ,m =tunate ?an ,sa9t ,cecilia1 ,sa9t ,doro!a is belov$ 9 almo/ all ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 = com+ f ,cappadocia !re c\ld be nei!r vaunt+s nor he>t-burn+s on h] acc\nt 9 ! ,*ri/ian cities ( ,europe4 ,%e too we>s ! roses ( h] leg5d4 #8,s5d me !n "s roses f ! ,p>adise ( y\r ,*ri/1' sc(f$ ! noble y\?1 ,!ophilus1 z %e pass$ to execution4 ,at ! mom5t ( dea? an angel appe>$ ) ?ree roses & ?ree apples4 #8,take !m to ,!ophilus1' said ! sa9t1 & ,!ophilus1 believ+1 di$ a m>tyr4#he ,sa9t ,doro!a is usually pa9t$ ) bo? apples & roses1 symbols ( ! good works ( a ,*ri/ian life & ( ! holy joy ev5 9 ! h\r ( dea?1 :i*1 report$ to ,!ophilus1 a/oni%$ & f9ally conv]t$ him4 ,%e is v popul> bo? 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries & 9 ,g]many4 ,!re is a *>m+ tripty* at ,pal]mo1 ! be/ picture ,sicily possesses1 attribut$ usually to ,mabuse4 ,on "o w+ ,sa9t ,doro!a is depict$ seat$ on ! gr\nd ) h] lap full ( r$ & :ite roses1 a qua9t1 compact little figure1 n a sl5d] ,italian maid51 support$ by angelic visions1 already half 9 ,heav51 b ( ! /urdy ,flemi% type1 :o1 hav+ ) cle> bra9 calculat$ ! co/1 sets h]self ) /oicism to endure ! pa9 :i* w\ld be rew>d$ by ! m>tyr's cr[n ( unfad+ roses4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! ,virg9's cr[n is usually ( gold & preci\s /ones1 ?\gh 9 "o ( ,velasquez's r>e religi\s pictures1 #8,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg91'#hf ,god ! ,fa!r places ^u h] head a wrea? ( r$ & :ite rose blooms4 ,9 ! be/ p]iod ( ,italian art ! ,virg9 we>s no cr[n except at a #8,coronation1' :5 mo/ (t5 x is ( gold4 ,9 ,g]many ! cr[ns are l>ge & heavily jewell$1 & 9 ! ,ne!rl&s a jewell$ fillet 0 v g5]ally plac$ ^u h] hair4 ,a notable & beautiful exception to ^! fillet-l coronets is ! magnific5t symbolical cr[n ( jewels & fre% fl[]s :i* %e we>s z ,que5 ( ,heav5 9 ,hub]t van ,eyck's #8,adoration ( ! ,lamb4'#hg ,x 0 only 9 late art1 t is1 aft] ! sixte5? c5tury1 t repres5tations ( ,m>y ) ! ,*ild 9 h] arms1 z ,que5 ( ,heav51 or z #8,la ,purissima1' became common4 ,previ\sly %e _h be5 pa9t$ z a human "m ) ! sorr[s ( h] mo!rhood /ill ^u h]4 ,z ! "m1 ! greate/ ( ^: sev5 sorr[s has n yet come1 %e w\ld n yet c>ry ! rose cr[n :i* symboliz$ joy1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 heav5ly joy1 & by ! "t religi\s s5tim5t dem&$ repres5tations ( ,*ri/'s "m1 ris5 to glory1 all sorr[ pa/1 ! ,*ur* _h decid$ to depict h] z ! woman #8clo!d ) ! sun & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4' ,ak9 to ! wrea?s ( roses worn by angels & sa9ts are ! h$ges & rose-trellises ( ,p>adise4 ,dante pictures ,heav5 z "o great & m>vell\s rose-bloom3 #8,h[ wide ! leaves ,ext5d$ to ! utmo/1 ( ?is rose2#hh 444444 :i* 9 bright expansiv5ess ,lays =? its gradual bloom+1 r$ol5t ,( praises to ! nev] w9t]+ sun4'#hi ,b ! arti/s ( ! ,*ur* h usually depict$ ,heav5 n z a rose b z a rose-g>d52 & z a second & m p]fect ,ed5 r ?an z ! ,holy ,city1 ! /up5d\s piece ( jewell]'s "w describ$ 9 ! ,revelation ( ,sa9t ,john4 ,a few ,flemi% & ,g]man arti/s h attempt$ to realize ! jasp] wall1 ! #8pure gold l unto cle> glass1' & ! #8f\ndations g>ni%$ ) all mann] ( preci\s /ones1' b = ! majority ( arti/s on bo? sides ( ! ,alps ,heav5 0 a p>adise1 a g>d54 ,! prophet ,esdras describes x 9 detail3 #8,twelve trees lad5 ) div]s fruits1 #8,& z _m f\nta9s fl[+ ) milk & honey1 & sev5 mighty m\nta9s1 :]eupon !re gr[ roses & lilies4'#ij ,! ,byzant9e ,guide to ,pa9t+#ia directs t ,p>adise be depict$ z #8surr\nd$ by a wall ( cry/al & pure gold1 adorn$ ) trees fill$ ) bright birds1' s comb9+ bo? visions ( ! home ( ! bless$4 ,b ,we/]n art usually pa9ts ,heav5 simply z a g>d5 ) twelve or six fruit trees1 little f]tile m\nts1 & grass ?ick ) fl[]s1 among :i* lilies & roses pr$om9ate4 ,! cele/ial mead[ ( ,hub]t van ,eyck#ib has gr\p$ trees z 9 a p>k & bu%es cov]$ ) roses1 & !re are roses on bu%es & trellises1 cr[ns ( roses & roses wov5 into sw++ g>l&s 9 t mo/ allur+ ( all pa9t$ p>adises set by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli ^u ! walls ( ! ,palazzo ,ricc>di4#ic #8,roses & pomegranates1 _! leaves drawn to ! la/ rib & ve91 tw9e !mselves 9 fair & p]fect ord] ab\t delicate trellises2 broad /one-p9es & tall cypresses ov]%ad[ !m2 bright birds hov] "h & !re 9 ! s]5e sky2 & gr\ps ( angels glide & float ?r\gh ! glades ( an entangl$ =e/4'#id ,x is a p>adise aft] ! own he>t ( a ,m$ici1 9 :i* no monotony1 no bor$om ne$ be appreh5d$1 full ( gay & witty folk & ! mo/ gorge\s angels t 7 ev] se54 ,! roses ( ,p>adise mu/ n be confus$ ) ! rose h$ge or trellis s (t5 plac$ beh9d ! ,virg9 by ! e>ly ,g]man s*ools4 ,^! h$ges indicate ! #8,hortus ,conclusus' & id5tify ! ,virg9 ) ! bride ( ! ,canticles by recall+ ! v]se1 #8,a g>d5 enclos$ is my si/]1 my sp\se4' ,?is enclosure is sometimes f5c$ m]ely by a r[ ( fl[]s1 sometimes by a =tress-wall1 & is (t5 an elaborate g>d54 ,an e>ly in/ance by a ma/] ( ! ,middle ,rh9e1#ie dat+ f ab\t #adbj1 gives eighte5 recognizable species ( fl[]s & t5 v>ieties ( birds4 ,! ,madonna sits read+ b5ea? a tree4 ,"o sa9t ga!rs *]ries & ano!r draws wat] f a f\nta94 ,sa9t ,george1 ,sa9t ,mi*ael & a "y man *at b5ea? a tree1 & a pretty "y sa9t ) fl[]s 9 h] hair tea*es ! little ,*ri/ to play ! psalt]y4 ,o!r g>d5s conta9 no fl[]s b ! v>i\s objects us$ z similes ( ! ,virg9--! ,t[] ( ,ivory1 ! ,clos$ ,door1 ! ,seal$ ,f\nta91 etc4 ,v (t5 !re is m]ely a trellis ) roses climb+ up x1 & ! fl[]s :i* express ! virtues ( ,m>y1 ! lily1 violet & /rawb]ry1 gr[ at h] feet4 ,! ?orns on ! roses are c>efully drawn1 ev5 acc5tuat$1 illu/rat+ ! v]se1 #8,z a lily among ?orns1 s is my love among ! daught]s2'#if b 9 spite ( ! ?orns ! g5]al significance ( ^! roses also is joy & delight4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 :]e !ologians occupi$ !mselves less ) ?is second *apt] ( ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,madonnas set en ple9 air are sc>cely f\nd4 ,! van ,eycks & ,meml+ inaugurat$ ! fa%ion ( arrang+ _! devotional gr\ps 9 *apel-l ni*es1 or 9 ! aisle ( "s l>ge *ur*4 ,any g>d5 !re is se5 9 glimpses betwe5 pill>s or ?r\gh w9d[s1 & has no my/ical mean+4 ,illu/ration3 ,/efano da ,zevio ,photo ,&]son ,,! #8,,enclos$ ,,g>d5' ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 7,royal ,museum1 ,v]ona7 ,9 ! "w ( ,botticelli & 8 s*ool we aga9 see enclos$ g>d5s ( roses1 b ^! are r g>d5s ( adoration1 = 9 ! c5tre ! ,virg9 kneels be=e ! div9e ,infant4 ,z 9 all ,adorations ! symbolism ref]s to ! ,*ild1 & ^! roses symbolize ! ,div9e ,love :i* s5t ,him to ?is e>?1 & are n ! attributes ( ,m>y or an indication ( ! joy 9 ,heav54 ,a true hortus conclusus ( ,italian orig9 is t ( ,/efano da ,zevio or da ,v]ona4#ig ,! ,virg91 ) ! ,*ild ^u h] knee1 sits ^u ! gr\nd 9 a c>efully wall$ 9 g>d51 ( :i* ! only o!r human occupant is ,sa9t ,ca?>9e1 :o /r+s a cr[n ( roses4 ,! g>d5 is full ( birds & bird-l angels1 & 9 "o corn] is ! #8seal$ f\nta9' ( ! ,canticles4 ,z a g5]al rule1 roses mass$ toge!r1 9 g>l&s1 9 baskets1 or ?ickly gr[+1 are ! symbols ( heav5ly joys1 & s+le roses are ! symbols ( div9e love4 ,b !re is "o s+le rose :i* is also ! symbol ( joy--x is ! gold5 rose :i* is ! gift ( ! ,popes4 ,dur&us writes3 #8,s also on ! ,sunday1 ,lt>e ,j]usalem1 ! ,roman ,pontiff be>e? a mitre1 beautifi$ ) ! orfrey1 on acc\nt ( ! joy :i* ! gold5 rose signifie?1 b on acc\nt ( ! "t be+ "o ( sadness1 he we>e? black ve/m5ts4#ih #8,/ ,leon is se5 ^u ! *sse ( ,*>lemagne#ii ) ! gold5 rose 9 8 "r h&4 ,! gold5 rose be+ ! image ( ,heav51 accord+ to ! ,liturgy1 x became1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,pope1 ! equival5t ( a b5$iction4 ,"o rem>ks t1 9 ! epo* ( :i* we speak1 ! v poetical rite ( ! gold5 rose1 mo/ anci5t 9 ! ,*ur*1 _h j acquir$ a new celebrity4 ,! s5d+ ( ! symbolical fl[] _h replac$1 9 ! ,roman c\rt1 t ( ! keys ( confession1 & ,innoc5t ,,iii _h j consecrat$ a disc\rse to expla9 its my/]i\s signification4'#ajj ,! s5d+ ( ! gold5 rose 0 a v old cu/om1 dat+ at lea/ f ! "t ( ,gregory ! ,great4 ,! rose 0 solemnly bless$ by ! ,pope on ! f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t & s5t by him to "s sov]eign1 *ur* or community4 ,urban ,v fir/ made ! c]emony annual ab\t #acff4 ,?is rose1 symbol ( ! ,*ur*'s bless+1 0 (t5 a ?+ ( beauty & f9e workman%ip4 ,/efano del ,cambio describes t "o :i* 0 s5t 9 8 "t to ,flor5ce4 #8,on ,ea/] ,sunday morn+1 ! #bnd ( ,april #adai1 ,pope ,m>t9 ,v1 aft] hav+ p]=m$ ,mass1 gave ! gold5 rose to our magnific5t ,signoria1 9 remembrance ( ! hon\rs paid him by ! ,flor5t9e p4444 ,our ,signoria !n return$ to _! palace ) all ! c\rt ( ,c>d9als & ,prelates & ! a=e-said rose bu%1 :i* 0 a gold5 bran* ) leaves ( f9e gold4 ,on x 7 n9e roses1 & a little bud on top ( ! n9e1 :i* conta9$ spices1 myrrh & balsam4'#aja ,sometimes ! #8rose' 0 a :ole rose bu% ab\t two feet high & cov]$ ) leaves & fl[]s4 ,two su* bu%es1 "o ?ornless1 ! gift ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,vii1 & ! o!r1 ) long %>p ?orns1 ?\gh curv$ h>mlessly d[nw>d1 pres5t$ by ,pius ,,ii1 are /ill treasur$ by grateful ,si5a4 ,,viii ,,! ,,columb9e ,we read 9 ,isaiah3 #8,& !re %all come =? a rod out ( ! /em ( ,jesse1 & a ,bran* %all gr[ out ( 8 roots2 & ! ,_s ( ! ,"l %all re/ ^u him1 ! ,_s ( wisdom & und]/&+1 ! ,_s ( c\nsel & might1 ! ,_s ( k & ! fe> ( ! ,"l4'#ajb #8,^! words 7 address$ to ! ,messiah4 ,! ,div9e ,*ild 0 !re=e clo!d ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 ^: faculties are sev5 9 numb]1 = ,he possesses z ,8 peculi> gifts1 wisdom1 und]/&+1 c\nsel1 /r5g?1 k1 piety & fe>4 #8,?is subject has frequ5tly be5 portray$ by ,*ri/ian arti/s4 ,a tree spr+s f ! b[els1 ! brea/ or ! m\? ( ,jesse4 ,! symbolic trunk spreads to ! left & "r1 ?r[+ =? bran*es be>+ ! ,k+s ( ,judah1 ! ance/ors ( ,*ri/2 at ! top1 seat$ on a ?rone1 or ! *alice ( a gigantic fl[]1 is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,surr\nd+ ! ,savi\r1 & =m+ z x 7 an oval aureole1 sev5 doves are rang$ "o above ! o!r1 ?ree on ! left1 ?ree on ! "r1 & "o at ! top4444 ,^! doves1 :i* are ( sn[y :it5ess1 l ! ,holy ,gho/1 & adorn$ l him ) a cruci=m nimbus1 are simply liv+ manife/ations ( ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,_s4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ is drawn "u ! =m ( a dove2 ea* ( ! sev5 en]gies di/+ui%+ ,him is also figur$ "u ! same type4'#ajc ,^! little doves surr\nd+ ! figure ( ,*ri/1 z a man or z an infant1 occur v frequ5tly 9 ! ,fr5* m9iatures ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 & are f\nd ^u ! w9d[s 9 ! ca!drals ( ,s4 ,d5is1 ,*>tres1 ,ami5s & ,beauvais1 & 9 _m o!r ,fr5* *ur*es4 ,x 0 an ess5tially ,fr5* developm5t ( ,*ri/ian symbolism1 & x is 9 ,flemi% art1 :i* drew its inspiration f ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 t we fir/ f9d1 n ! little :ite doves1 b ! columb9e fl[]4 ,! columb9e gr[s wild 9 mo/ c\ntries ( ,europe & is usually d>k blue 9 col\r4 ,ea* ( its five petals is s %ap$ t x is really v l a little long-neck$ dove4 ,! little doves are only five 9 numb]1 b ! ,flemi% pa9t]s take ea* fl[]1 n ea* petal1 z ! symbol1 & give sev5 blooms ^u ea* plant4 ,!re are six1 & ! edge ( ! sev5? is j %[+1 9 ! my/ical cr[n worn by ,hub]t van ,eyck's #8,que5 ( ,heav54'#ajd ,/rictly speak+1 h[ev]1 ,m>y has no "r to ^! symbols ( ! gifts ( ! ,_s1 = x 0 to ! expect$ ,messiah t ! div9e gifts 7 promis$4 ,! columb9e is m correctly us$ by ,hugo van d] ,goes1 :o 9 8 #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds'#aje places a columb9e1 ) sev5 fl[]s ^u x1 9 a vase be=e ! ,infant ,savi\r4 ,! sev5 gifts ( ! ,_s are accord+ to ,isaiah3 ,,sapi5tia ,,intellectus ,,consilium ,,=titudo ,,sci5tia ,,pietas ,,timor4 ,& accord+ to ! ,apocalypse3 ,,virtus ,,div9itas 79 ! ,vulgate7 ,,sapi5tia ,,=titudo ,,honor ,,gloria ,,b5$icio4 ,b1 at ! ,r5aissance1 ,fai?1 ,hope & ,*>ity 7 tak5 z ! !ological virtues1 & to !m 7 add$ ! f\r moral virtues exalt$ 9 pagan times above all o!rs1 namely1 ,prud5ce1 ,ju/ice1 ,temp]ance & ,/r5g?4#ajf ,9 a picture by ,jrg ,breu ( ! ,virg9 ) ! ,*ild & two sa9ts1#ajg a vase ( columb9e1 ! only fl[]s introduc$1 is plac$ 9 ! =egr\nd j bel[ ! ,*ild1 :o /&s on ,8 ,"m's knee4 ,beside ! vase is a sort ( casket1 out ( :i* sev5 little cupid angels take sev5 scrolls4 ,on ! respective scrolls are inscrib$3 ,,fides1 ,,spes1 ,,*>itas1 ,,ju/icia1 ,,prud5cia1 ,,=tes4 ,! sev5? is blank1 res]v$1 p]haps1 = ,,temp]ance4 ,a cr[n$ sa9t1 seat$ beside ! ,virg91 holds ^u h] knee a scroll on :i* is writt5 #8,,ave ,,reg9a1' & above ! ,virg9's head hov] two putti ) a heavy cr[n4 ,x is !re=e to ! ,"m1 r ?an to ! ,*ild1 t devotion is direct$1 & ! sev5 ,gifts are to be tak5 z h] attribute4 ,9 #adge ! #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds' by ,hugo van d] ,goes 0 br\ght to ,flor5ce by ,tommaso ,port9>i1 = ! ,*apel ( ! ,hospital ( ,santa ,m>ia ,nuova4 ,its te*nique excit$ ! greate/ int]e/ among ! arti/s ( ,italy1 & ! vase ( columb9e 9 ! =egr\nd may h fir/ drawn _! att5tion to ?is symbol4 ,cosimo ,rosselli1 p]haps ! la/ ( ! ,flor5t9e symboli/s1 pa9t$ x among ! daisies1 /rawb]ries & jasm9e-%ap$ fl[] 9 ! #8,madonna ) ! ,*ild & ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,james1'#ajh commission$ 9 #adib4 ,aft] ! fifte5? c5tury x is fairly frequ5t 9 ,italian art4 ,two ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( ! ,madonna pictures n[ 9 ! ,br]a1 #8,! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ! ,lamb1' by ,sodoma1 & #8,! ,virg9 ( ! ,rose-h$ge1' by ,lu9i1 bo? introduce ! columb9e4 ,b ! ,italian arti/s use x vaguely1 z ! fl[] ( ! dove1 ! fl[] 9 "s degree sacr$ to ! ,holy ,gho/1 & lo/ sight ( ! orig9al connection ) ! sev5 ,gifts ( ! ,_s4 ,lu9i1 :o is c>eless ) 8 symbolism1 ?\gh pa9t+ fl[]s exquisitely1 uses ! columb9e also z an accessory 9 ! fam\s portrait kn[n z #8,la ,colomb9a1'#aji b "h1 ( c\rse1 x is simply a graceful fl[] 9 ! h& ( a f9e woman4 ,x is mo/ unusual to f9d any fl[] us$ symbolically 9 sc5es repres5t+ ! ,passion ( our ,"l4 ,%\ld plants or %rubs be !re1 x is m]ely z an indication t ! place ( ,crucifixion 0 beyond ! walls1 & t ! place ( burial 0 a g>d54 ,!y h no special mean+s z symbols4 ,an exception is ! #8,entombm5t'#aaj ( ,hans ,s**l9 ( ,ulm4 ,f a rock 9 ! =egr\nd spr+s a plant ( columb9e ) ?ree droop+ fl[]s4 ,on a small] plant at ! side are f\r m blossoms1 mak+ up ! my/ic sev54 ,!re are only ^! columb9es & a little %ort grass4 ,on ! /ep ( ! tomb lies ! cr[n ( ?orns :i* has fall5 f ! head ( ! dead ,savi\r z ! disciples l[] ,8 body to ! grave4 ,! sev5 blooms ( ! columb9e appe> aga9 9 ! ,?omas-alt>#aaa by ! ma/] ( ! ,b>?olomew-alt>1 :o pa9t$ dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is a disagreeable picture1 ! types poor & ! action ( ! d\bt+ ,?omas1 z he ?ru/s 8 h& into ! ,savi\r's w\nd1 di/9ctly brutal4 ,b all r\nd ! feet ( ! ris5 ,savi\r lie fl[]s scatt]$ on ! broad /one /ep4 ,!re are aga9 ! sev5 heads ( ! columb9e1 snapp$ (f %ort & %[+ sc>cely any /alk2 !re are ! violets ( humility & ! daisy1 (t5 se5 ) ! violet z ! symbol ( p]fect innoc5ce 9 ,adorations ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 b r>e :5 ,he is repres5t$ z a gr[n man4 ,!re is also ! /rawb]ry fl[] b n ! fruit4 ,aft] ! sixte5? c5tury ! columb9e seems to h dropp$ f ,*ri/ian symbolism1 & 9 mod]n religi\s art x has no place4 ,,ix ,,! ,,olive #8,/rew ?rice n9e olive b\ghs ,on ei!r h&2 & (f] up ?y pray]1'#aab c\nsell$ ! ,greeks :5 consci\s t ! deities 7 (f5d$4 ,! olive 0 ! gift ( ,pallas4 ,! tale ran t 9 ! reign ( ,cecrops bo? ,poseidon & ,a!na cont5d$ = ! possession ( ,a!ns4 ,! gods resolv$ t :i*ev] ( !m produc$ ! gift mo/ useful to mortals %\ld h possession ( ! l&4 ,poseidon /ruck ! gr\nd ) 8 trid5t & /raightway a horse appe>$4 ,b ,a!na plant$ ! olive & ! gods !reupon decre$ t ! olive 0 m useful to man ?an ! horse1 & gave ! city to ! goddess1 f :om x 0 call$ ,a!n4#aac ,b ! symbolism ( ! olive1 f\nd$ ^u its heal+ qualities & its oil's well-kn[n prop]ty ( calm+ r\gh5$ wat]1 0 n only ,grecian3 x 0 wide-spread1 & ! ,romans us$ x politically z well z religi\sly4 ,_! h]alds c>ri$ olive on an embassy ( peace1 & ! cu/om l+]$ 9 ,italy ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages2 ,dante describ+ h[ ! multitude #8,flock r\nd ! h]ald s5t ) olive bran*4' ,9 ,*ri/ian art ! olive also inv>iably repres5ts peace or reconciliation1 & x is fir/ f\nd 9 ! ,catacombs1 :]e !re is a curi\s pa9t+ ( ! my/ic fi% :i* swims t[>ds ! ,cross ) a sprig ( olive 9 its m\?4 ,! fi%1 by ! well-kn[n anagram1 repres5ts ,*ri/1 :o1 ?r\gh ! ,cross1 br+s peace on e>?4 ,a dove ) an olive twig 9 its beak is also f\nd ^u e>ly ,*ri/ian tombs4 ,& !n1 z ,t]tullian says1 #8x is a symbol ( peace ev5 old] ?an ,*ri/ianity itself'#aad--! h]ald ( ! peace ( ,god f ! v beg9n+4 ,sometimes ! ^w itself1 #8,pax1'#aae is add$1 !reby m>k+ ! s5se beyond all possibility ( dispute2 viz41 t x is meant to ass]t ( ! s\l ( ! deceas$ t x has dep>t$ 9 ! peace ( ,god & ( 8 ,*ur*4#aaf ,t]tullian ref]s1 ( c\rse1 to ! dove s5t =? by ,noah :i* return$ across ! wat]s1 & #8,lo6 9 h] m\? 0 an olive leaf pluck$ (f1' sign t ! wra? ( ,god 0 appeas$4 ,! dove1 be>+ ! twig ( olive1 execut$ 9 col\r$ m>bles1 occurs repeat$ly 9 ! decoration ( ,sa9t ,pet]'s4 ,"h ! dove repres5ts ! ,*ur* be>+ ! ,gospel message ( peace to ! _w4 ,! same emblem is f\nd 9 ! decoration ( ,/ ,john ,lat]an1 & ,pope ,innoc5t ,x4 incorporat$ x ) 8 coat ( arms4 ,! olive naturally appe>s z an attribute 9 allegorical figures ( ,peace4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ fam\s ( ^! figures is 9 ,ambrogio ,lor5zetti's great fresco entitl$ #8,good ,gov]nm5t4'#aag ,! gold5-hair$ ,peace1 :o we>s a :ite robe1 is cr[n$ ) olive1 & c>ries an olive bran* 9 h] h&4 ,%e has a beauty ( h] own1 b comp>$ ) ! m virile figures 9 ! composition1 ,=titude1 ,prud5ce1 ,temp]ance & ,ju/ice1 %e is a little heavy & in]t1 a little want+ 9 int]e/1 z ! citiz5s p]haps w\ld h f\nd _! daily life 7 !y condemn$ to days ( peace4 ,9 small1 fi]ce ,si5a ! olive 0 a v fav\rite symbol & f\nd m frequ5tly ?an any o!r4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s *>act]i/ics ( religi\s art is ! inexactitude ) :i* x reflects a p's mood1 = ! ideal ^u ! wall above ! alt> is (t5 j precisely t to :i* !y d n /rive4 ,:5 ! ,m$ici 7 9 p[] & ,flor5t9e social life 0 at its worldlie/1 simplicity & purity1 almo/ au/]ity1 7 dem&$ ( ! arti/1 & ! lily 0 ! fav\rite symbol4 ,murillo pa9t$ ,madonnas to ! ,*ur*'s ord]1 sweet & =giv+1 k9d to indulg5ce1 almo/ voluptu\s1 at a mom5t :5 n only ! devotions ( ,jews & h]etics b ! private life ( e citiz5 ( ,seville 0 "u /]n control4 ,& 9 ,seville1 ) inquisitorial fires blaz+1 ! ,virg9 _h z attribute ! rose ( love & *>ity4 ,s ! turbul5t ,si5ese1 :o1 :5 no enemy knock$ at ! gates1 f\ght ) "o ano!r1 lov$ a /ill & peaceful art4 ,x 0 cons]vative1 = !y c>$ = no novelty1 no v>iety ( subject1 pose or action4 ,& _! fav\rite symbol 0 ! olive bran* ( peace4 ,! angel ,gabriel almo/ inv>iably c>ries olive1#aah ,sa9t ,john ! ,evangeli/#aai & ,sa9t ,ansano1#abj _! own sa9t1 bo? hold bran*es ( x1 & x cr[ns ! blonde curls ( _m a little angel4 ,9 repres5tations ( ! fir/ & ?ird p]sons ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity ! olive bran* is v r>e4 ,^u "s anci5t crucifixes1 h[ev]1 :]e a h& hold+ a wrea? repres5ts ! ,et]nal ,fa!r1 ! wrea?1 ?\gh usually ( laurel1 9 "s in/ances is =m$ ( olive4 ,9 ! ,crucifix ( ! t5? c5tury1 kn[n z ! ,crucifix ( ,lo?air1#aba ! wrea? is di/9ctly ( olive1 b s9ce x encircles ! ,holy ,dove ! olive is p]haps equally ! attribute ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,9 ! ,crucifix ^u ! ,manual ( ,pray] ( ,*>les ! ,bald1#abb ! wrea? is ( laurel & !re is no dove4 ,mabillon speaks ( a gr\p ( ! ,tr9ity 9 human =m1 sculptur$ by ord] ( ,abel>d at ! ,p>aclete4 ,9 x ! ,fa!r wore a clos$ cr[n1 ! ,son a cr[n ( ?orns1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ a cr[n ( olive4 ,! gr\p has long s9ce disappe>$1 & !re seems no o!r in/ance ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 human =m be+ repres5t$ ) ! olive4 ,a dove be>+ an olive twig c\ld n be an emblem ( ! ,holy ,gho/ unless ! bird's head 7 encircl$ ) a halo4 ,b ,*ri/ian art uses ! anci5t symbol ( peace repeat$ly :5 illu/rat+ ,*ri/'s life ^u e>?4 ,fir/ we f9d ! angel ,gabriel br++ to ! ,virg9 a bran* ( olive z tok5 t 8 message is ( peace4 ,sometimes he is also cr[n$ ) olive4 ,he comes cr[n$ ) peace1 & ! bran* 9 8 h& =e%ad[s ! reconciliation betwe5 ,god & man :i* is to come by ! ,*ild ^: adv5t he ann\nces4 ,! olive bran* took prec$5ce ( ! lily z ! symbol c>ri$ by ! ann\nc+ angel4 ,orig9at$ probably by ,simone ,m>t9i1 "o ( its e>lie/ in/ances is 9 8 ,annunciation n[ 9 ! ,uffizi4 ,9 ! ,flor5t9e s*ool ! simple /ick c>ri$ by ! h]ald angel evolv$1 z we h se51 ?r\gh ! fleur-de-lys to ! /em ( lilies4 ,9 ,si5a x 0 ! mean+ ( ! w&1 r ?an ! w& itself1 :i* 0 develop$4 ,! w& simply m>k$ t ,gabriel 0 a h]ald2 t x 0 a message ( peace & goodwill :i* he br\ght 0 %[n by ! grey-gre5 leaves ( ! olive4 ,z a symbol x 0 by no means ( ,simone ,m>t9i's own f9d+1 = x 0 a v usual political symbol ( ! day1 b he seems to h be5 ! fir/ to h plac$ x 9 ! angel ,gabriel's h&1 & ! s*ool ( pa9t+ 9 ,si5a :ole-he>t$ly & fai?fully adopt$ 8 device4 ,! g5]al tr5d ( ,si5ese symbolism 0 to direct devotion to ! inc>nate ,godhead r ?an to ,m>y ( ,naz>e?1 & x is ( ,him1 z ! br+] ( peace on e>?1 t ! bran* ( olive tells1 z else:]e ! :ite lily proclaims ! virg9ity ( ! com+ mo!rhood4 ,!n aga91 on t night :5 ! angels sang ( peace on e>? & goodwill t[>ds m5-- 444 #8! meek-ey$ ,peace1 ,%e cr[n'd ) ,olive gre51 came s(tly slid+ ,d[n ?r\gh ! turn+ sphe>4'#abc ,9 "o ( ! mo/ nave & fasc9at+ ( all ,botticelli's pictures#abd ! angels cr[n$ ) olive hold up bran*es ( x aga9/ ! gold5 sky4 ,o!r angels1 half di/raught ) joy1 run ) wav+ olive-sprays to greet ! a/oni%$ %eph]ds4 ,! same subject is mu* m sob]ly treat$ by ,sano di ,pietro4#abe ,"o angel1 fly+ ?r\gh ! twilight1 br+s a twig ( olive to ! %eph]d :o is sleep+ on ! hillside4 ,!re are _m symbolical fruits plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,botticelli pa9ts a pomegranate1 ,mabuse a qu9ce1 ,meml+ an apple1 ,il ,moretto a pe>1 & ea* repres5ts ! individual arti/'s conviction z to :at really 0 ! unnam$ fruit ( ! ,tree ( ! ,k ( ,good & ,evil :i* grew 9 ! mid/ ( ,ed54 ,! plac+ ( ! olive1 symbol ( reconciliation1 :]e x might be confus$ ) ! fatal fruit :i* made t reconciliation s imp]ative 0 c>efully avoid$1 & we r>ely f9d ! olive bran* 9 ! h& ( ! ,*ild :5 seat$ on ,8 "m's knee4 ,& !re 0 /ill ano!r reason4 ,he _h ,himself said3 #8,i come n to br+ peace ^u e>?1 b ! sword1' !re=e ! e>li] & m lit]al arti/s refus$ ,him ! symbol ( peace1 ev5 z div9e peace4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 in/ances ( ! ,*ri/-,*ild ) ! olive bran*1 ( :i* ! mo/ important is ! #8,holy ,family' by ,mantegna4#abf ,! ,*ri/1 a beautiful & dignifi$ *ildi% figure ( ?ree or f\r ye>s old1 /&s on a sort ( p$e/al ) ! little ,sa9t ,john4 ,he holds a bran* ( olive 9 ,8 "r h&1 upright l a sceptre1 & 9 ! o!r is ! cry/al orb :i* symbolizes sov]eignty4 ,sa9t ,joseph /&s beh9d & ! ,virg9 lays a rosebud at h] ,son's feet4 ,! ,br+] ( ,div9e ,peace 0 an aspect ( ! inc>nate ,son ( ,god on :i* ,mantegna laid emphasis4 ,9 ! #8,holy ,family1' n[ 9 ,dresd51 pa9t$ ab\t ! same p]iod1 ! little ,sa9t ,john holds a bran* ( olive 7f :i* two t9y side-sprays gr[ naturally 9 ! =m ( a cross7 z an attribute ( ! ,holy ,*ild4 ,! olive bran*es ( ! #8,entry into ,j]usalem1' l ! olives ( ,ge?semane1 7 only accid5tally allegorical4 ,! villag]s ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives cut d[n bran*es 7presumably olive bran*es7 #8& /rew$ !m 9 ! way4' ,) palm bran*es !y w\ld salute any popul> lead]1 & x is sc>cely to be believ$ t !y def9itely select$ ! olive & palm ) ! full und]/&+ ( ! symbolism :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* atta*es to !m4 #8,! olive bran*es signify 8 (fice z peace-br+] & ! palms 8 victory ov] ,satan4'#abg ,!re is 9 ! ,catacombs a figure ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y pray+ betwe5 two olive trees4 ,h] "n is inscrib$ above h] head4 ,%e is /&+ ) rais$ h&s 9 ! e>ly attitude ( pray]1 & ^! olive trees app>5tly symbolize #8! peace ( ,god :i* passe? all und]/&+4' ,b aft] ! twelf? c5tury ! ,*ur* _h id5tifi$ ! p]sonality ( ! ,virg9 ) ! figure ( ,wisdom eulogiz$ 9 ,ecclesia/icus1 & ! olives :i* are sometimes f\nd beside h] ref] to ! v]se :i* comp>es h] to #8,a fair olive tree 9 a pleasant field4'#abh ,botticelli pa9t$ a beautiful #8,madonna ( ! ,olives' = ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,spirito4 ,vas>i writes ( x3 #8,9 ,s4 ,spirito 9 ,flor5ce he has pa9t$ a picture = ! ,*apel ( ! ,b>di :i* is c>efully execut$ & well f9i%$1 :]e !re are "s olives & palms pa9t$ ) great love4'#abi ,9 ano!r picture by ,botticelli#acj angels hold above ! ,virg9's head a lightly-fram$ cr[n ( gold :i* is decorat$ ) fre% sprays ( lily1 palm & olive4 ,! mo/ popul> ( mod]n ,italian repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild is v ju/ly t pa9t$ by ,niccol ,b>ab9o#aca & entitl$ #8,quasi ,oliva ,speciosa 9 ,campis4' ,l>ge bran*es ( olive1 pa9t$ also #8) great love1' are plac$ ab\t ! feet ( ! sweet-fac$ ,"m1 :o peeps ?r\gh h] heavy :ite veil1 & !y almo/ hide ! fruit ( temptation :i* lies on ! gr\nd b5ea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>t9 ,s*ngau] ,,gabriel ,,cr[n$ ,,) ,,olive ,,br+s ,,! ,,message ,,( ,,reconciliation 7,pr9t ,room1 ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*7 ,"o ( ! putti :i* fly r\nd ! feet ( ! ,madonna 9 a ,spani% #8,immaculate ,conception' usually c>ries a bran* ( olive1 & t1 too1 be>s ! same mean+4 ,z an olive tree 9 a pleasant field %e br+s peace & consolation to mank9d4 ,%e is ! #8,mat] ,consolatrix4' ,sodoma pa9t$ a /ately figure ( ,sa9t ,victor1#acb ) sword & palm1 & ! little rose-cr[n$ *ild-angel :o supports 8 %ield holds above x a bran* ( olive1 symbol ( ! peace :i* to a ,*ri/ian w>rior %\ld be ! end ( victory4 ,! same idea dom9ates ! #8,judi?'#acc ( ,botticelli4 ,! slay] ( h] c\ntry's enemy returns ?\ghtfully home1 satisfi$ b n exultant4 ,9 h] "r h& is h] sword1 c>ri$ l[2 upright1 9 h] left1 a bran* ( olive4 ,?\gh h] de$ 0 bloody1 %e _h br\ght peace to ! l&4 ,flemi% art neglects ! olive1 & except 9 ! draw+s ( ,m>t9 ,s*ngau]1#acd ^: grave g5tle ,gabriels we> olive cr[ns1 x is seldom se5 9 ,g]many4 ,! reason is easy to guess4 ,! olive tree n gr[+ 9 ! ,nor?1 ! pa9t]s w\ld be at a loss to f9d a bran* f :i* to draw1 & ! p1 unacqua9t$ ) ! leaf1 w\ld sc>cely recognize its hidd5 message ( peace4 ,9 ,france x is se5 less r>ely4 ,on ! sculptur$ portal ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s !re is a curi\s r5d]+ ( ! p>able ( ! ,wise & ! ,fooli% ,virg9s4 ,a )]$ olive tree1 )\t fruit or leaves1 gr[s by ! side ( ! fooli% maid5s1 & a heal?y olive tree1 lad5 ) fruit & ready ) abundance ( oil1 is beside ^? maid5s :o 7 wise4 ,b on ! :ole ! olive is an ,italian1 & m p>ticul>ly a ,si5ese1 symbol1 ?\gh ,botticelli also lov$ ! silv]y leaves4 ,9 8 magnific5t #8,pallas tam+ ! ,c5taur1'#ace pa9t$ = ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 to commemorate 8 diplomatic victory ov] ! ,k+ ( ,naples & ! ,league 9 #adhj1 olive encircles ! head ( ! lovely goddess & is wrea!d ab\t h] dress4 ,! surface mean+ ( ! picture is t1 by ! arts ( peace taught !m by ! b5efic5t goddess1 m5 7 enabl$ to ov]come ! savag]y ( nature1 typifi$ by ! c5taur4 ,b x also %[s1 allegorically1 h[ ! wise /atesman%ip ( ,lor5zo 7) ^: badge1 r+s int]lac$1 ! g[n ( ,pallas is #8sem'7 guid$ ! w>-lov+ ,league1 "h figur$ z ! c5taur1 into ! ways ( ,peace4 ,x ,,?orns ,?orns & ?orn bran*es signify 9 g5]al grief & tribulation1 ! ^w tribulation itself be+ d]iv$ f a ,lat9 root signify+ ?i/les or bri>s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,sa9t ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ?orn bu%es signify ! m9or s9s1 & gr[+ bri>s or brambles ^? great] ones1 #8qu pungunt consci5tiam propriam1' etc4 ,he is support$ 9 8 op9ion by ,sa9t ,anselm1 & bo? sa9ts expla9 9 ?is s5se ! words ( ,sa9t ,paul1 :o wrote to ! ,hebrews3 #8,t :i* be>e? ?orns & bri>s is reject$ & is nigh unto curs+1 ^: end is to be burn$4' ,! cr[n ( ?orns ) :i* je/+ soldi]s cr[n$ ! ,*ri/ 0 9 itself an emblem1 or at lea/ a p>ody1 ( an emp]or's fe/al rose-cr[n4 ,accord+ to ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns ( ! ,holy ,"o1#acf ! fir/ cr[n ) :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 cr[n$ 0 made ( :ite-?orn & 0 remov$ be=e ! ,crucifixion & replac$ by a second de juncis m>9is4 ,b 9 ! great majority ( sc5es f ! ,passion ! cr[n is m]ely =m$ ( l>ge ?orns )\t any attempt to realize any p>ticul> natural gr[?4 ,9 ,g]many1 :]e ,entombm5ts & ,piets 7 m (t5 pa9t$ ?an 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! cr[n is frequ5tly gre51 9 allusion1 x is sugge/$1 to ! words3 #8,if ^! ?+s be done 9 ! gre5 wood1 :at %all be done 9 ! dry8' ,9 ^! pictures ! cr[n ( ?orns1 if n /ill ^u ! ,savi\r's head1 is usually plac$ v prom95tly 9 ! =egr\nd1 m>k+ to "s ext5t ! div9ity ( ! dead ,*ri/1 =1 s9ce life _h fl$1 !re c\ld be no halo4 ,9 ,nor!rn art ! cr[n ( ?orns rema9s always un*ang$1 ! symbol ( ,*ri/'s suff]+s1 b 9 at lea/ "o ,italian ,piet1#acg ! dry prickles r\nd ! dead ,*ri/'s br[ h bloom$ ) delicate :ite bri>-roses--an exquisite figure ( ,love's triumph ov] ,pa94 ,sometimes1 9 pa!tic =eca/1 ! ,*ild ,*ri/ has ! cr[n ( ?orns hung on ,8 t9y wri/#ach or plays ) x z ) a toy1 & 9 a v *>m+ picture1#aci ) less poignant & m pleas+ symbolism1 a wait+ *ild-angel /&s by ) a wrea? ( ! blue sea-holly4 ,9 ,spa9 ! ,*ri/ian fai? 0 /]n4 ,fai? & suff]+ 7 m closely alli$ ?an fai? & joy4 ,!y _h no #8je/]s ( ! ,"l1' & _! sa9ts glorifi$ ,god by self-inflict$ pa9 r ?an by acts ( m]cy4 ,s _! ,*ri/ 9 *ildhood 0 n a smil+1 unconsci\s bamb9o1 b a sad-fac$ *ild :o w\nds ,himself ) ! rose-twigs :i* ,he twi/s into a cr[n4 ,! rose-?orn te>s ,8 fle% b ! roses lie beside ,him & r\nd ,8 feet1 = ,8 griefs & suff]+s 7 ! outcome ( ,8 div9e love4 ,bo? ,zurburan#adj & ,alonzo ,cano#ada pa9t$ f9e pictures on ?is !me4 ,illu/ration3 ,zurburan ,photo ,&]son ,,! ,,cr[n ,,( ,,?orns 7,museo ,prov9ciale1 ,seville7 ,!re is a #8,coronation ( ! ,virg9' by ,hans ,burgkmair1#adb pa9t$ 9 #aejg1 :]e b5ea? a cross-surm\nt$ imp]ial cr[n ,*ri/ we>s ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns4 ,9 sev]al ( ! ,fr5* fifte5?-c5tury m9iatures ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ,glory1 ,god ! ,son /ill we>s ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns1 b ?is comb9ation ( ! two cr[ns is r>e4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 9 rev]5t remembrance ( ! ?orn-cr[n$ ,k+ ( ! ,jews t ! ,crusad]1 ,godfrey de ,b\illon1 twi/$ a ?orn-bran* r\nd 8 coronet :5 he 0 cr[n$ ,k+ ( ,j]usalem4 ,8 bronze /atue1 we>+ ?is d\ble cr[n1 /&s ) ^? ( ! o!r ,*ri/ian k+s gu>d+ ! tomb ( ,maximilian 9 ,innsbruck ,ca!dral4 ,among mod]n symboli/s1 ,holman ,hunt has us$ ?orns ) f9e/ effect4 ,9 8 #8,light ( ! ,_w' ! ,savi\r we>s aga9 ! d\ble cr[n1 ! ?orns :i* symbolize ,8 suff]+s int]twi/$ ) ! gold5 cr[n ( ,8 div9ity4 ,he /&s ) ! lant]n1 :i* is ! light ( ,8 ,gospel1 be=e ! clos$ door ( ! human he>t1 a door all ov]gr[n & block$ by ! we$s & bri>s :i* are ! symbols ( s9 & ?+s evil4 ,!re is ! poison\s hemlock1 ! ivy :i* kills ! tree t x embraces1 ?orns d5ot+ ! less] s9s1 & ! brambles :i* are ! emblems ( ! great] ones4 ,accord+ to ,raban ,maur ! bramble is also an emblem ( ! ri*es :i* de/roy ! s\l4 ,9 sev]al mod]n pictures ( #8,! ,good ,%eph]d' ,*ri/ is depict$ z rescu+ a lamb caught by its wool 9 ! bri>s ( ! wild]ness4 ,! lamb1 ( c\rse1 is ! emblem ( an err+ s\l1 & ! bri>s repres5t ^? s9s :i* hold x back f answ]+ ! ,%eph]d's call4 ,9 connection ) ! sa9ts1 ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns is n us$ symbolically1 except :5 plac$ ^u ! head ( ,sa9t ,ca?>9e ( ,si5a1#adc to indicate h] au/]ities4 ,accord+ to ! leg5d1 ,*ri/ 9 a vision (f]$ h] a cr[n ( roses or a cr[n ( ?orns & %e *ose ! ?orns4 ,:5 x is c>ri$ by ,sa9t ,l\is ( ,france x is to recall ! fact t x 0 he :o br\ght to ,france1 z h] mo/ preci\s relic1 ! ,holy ,cr[n itself4 ,! tonsure 0 orig9ally in/itut$ to keep fre% 9 ! memory ! ,savi\r's ,cr[n ( ,?orns4 ,& 9 ! #8,p>adise' ( ,fra ,angelico#add ! monks are cr[n$ ) roses4 ,?us ! emblem rev]t$ to ! orig9al symbol4 ,! ,cr[n ( ,?orns 0 ! p>ody ( ! rose-cr[n1 symbol ( rejoic+2 ! tonsure ! rev]5t imitation ( ! ?orny wrea?1 & angels at ! entrance ( ,p>adise *ange ! tonsure = a wrea? ( roses4 ,9 e>ly ,g]man art ! ,virg9 is (t5 f\nd seat$ 9 a g>d5 ( :i* ea* fl[] has its significance4 ,beh9d & ar\nd h] !re is usually a sort ( trellis or b[] cov]$ ) roses4 ,! roses h v pron\nc$ ?orns1 & ! ?orns are acc5tuat$ to recall t ,m>y is ! lily & ! bride ( ! ,canticles1 ! #8,lily among ?orns4' ,9 an ,assumption ( ,segh]s#ade "o ( ! att5dant putti flies t[>ds h] ) a s+le lily enclos$ 9 bran*es cov]$ ) long-spik$ ?orns4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! rose is ! direct emblem1 n ! attribute ( ! ,madonna1 x has no ?orns1 = !n x illu/rates h] title1 #8rosa s9e sp9a4' ,! ,roman ,brevi>y lik5s ! ,virg9 to ! burn+ ?orn bu% 9 :i* ,jehovah reveal$ ,himself to ,moses & ! simile 0 cit$ by ,bi%op ,proclus 9 a ,m>y-s]mon prea*$ 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,?\gh enwrapp$ 9 ! all-consum+ flame ( div9e love1 %e yet rema9s unh>m$4 ,x is only 9 ,g]man art t ?is simile has be5 pictorially translat$4 ,g]man arti/s 7 famili> ) ! idea ?r\gh ,conrad von ,wrtzburg's apo/rophe to ! ,virg93 #8,9 ! ?orn bu% on ! b>e field ,moses1 ! h]o ( ,god ,saw 9 a gl[ ( bright fire ,! bir? ( our ,savi\r =e%ad[$4 ,9 ! bla/ ( ! flame ,x rema9$ unalt]$ ,z if nei!r leaf nor twig ,p]ceiv$ ! dea?-giv+ blaze4 ,9 ?is we may recognize ,! full magnific5ce ( ?y maid5hood4'#adf ,& we f9d ?is burn+ ,?orn ,bu% ) ! ,ivory ,t[]1 ! ,seal$ ,f\nta91 ! ,fleece ( ,gideon & o!r emblems ( ! ,virg91 9 ! fifte5?-c5tury r5d]+s ( ! ,hortus ,inclusus & 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! ess5tially ,g]man allegory ( ! ,inc>nation1 kn[n z ! #8,hunt+ ( ! ,unicorn4' ,!re are "s f9e embroid]ies & tape/ries ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies 9 ! ,bav>ian ,national ,museum1#adg 9 :i* ! burn+ ?orn bu%1 ) ! o!r symbols ( ! ,virg9's purity1 are work$ ) mo/ c>eful detail4 ,! burn+ bu%1 n p>ticul>ly a ?orn bu%1 b ! #8bu%' ( our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 is n[ ! *os5 emblem ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,!re 7 nei!r ?orns nor ?i/les 9 ,ed54 ,x 0 n till ! day :5 ,adam fell t ,god laid a curse ^u ! gr\nd3 #8,?orns also & ?i/les %all x br+ =? to !e4' ,!re=e ?orns & ?i/les are 9 g5]al ! symbols ( s9 & dea?4 ,a little ,g]man woodcut expresses et]nal dea? ) gruesome complet5ess3 a skull1 ) ! apple ( damnation betwe5 its b>e jaws1 has r\nd its br[ a wrea? ( twi/$ ?orns4 ,,xi ,,! ,,palm ,! ,romans took palms = _! symbol ( ,victory4 ,!re is a s>cophagus 9 ! ,vatican on :i* is c>v$ a ,roman conqu]or ) captive b>b>ians kneel+ be=e him1 & ! w+$ ,victory :o cr[ns him ) laurel holds a palm 9 h] left h&4 ,simon ,maccabees1 aft] he _h tak5 ! ,t[] ( ,j]usalem1 ent]$ x #8) ?anksgiv+1 & bran*es ( palm trees & ) h>ps4'#adh ,& ! se]s ( ,scripture saw palms 9 heav53 #8,a great multitude1 :i* no man c\ld numb]1 ( all nations1 & k9dr$s & p1 & tongues1 /ood be=e ! ?rone & be=e ! ,lamb clo!d ) :ite robes1 & palms 9 _! h&s4'#adi #8,^! be !y t h put (f ! mortal clo?+ & put on ! immortal1 & h confess$ ! "n ( ,god2 n[ are !y cr[n$ & receive palms4'#aej ,palms 7 !re=e ! me$ ( m>tyrdom1 ! symbol ( ! m>tyrs' victory ov] dea?4 #8444 ,! angel said ,god like? ?y reque/1 ,& bo! ) ! palme ( m>tirdome1 ,ye %all5 come unto ,8 blissful re/4'#aea ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity ,*ri/ian art conc]n$ itself almo/ exclusively ) ! ev5ts rec\nt$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts & ! ,apocryphal ,gospels4 #8,b dur+ ! f\r? c5tury arti/s began to repres5t ! acts ( ! m>tyrs1 at ! bidd+ ( ,sa9t ,basil1 :o call$ to 8 aid illu/ri\s pa9t]s ( a?letic combats1 to pa9t ) respl5d5t col\rs ! m>tyr ,b>laam1 ! cr[n$ a?lete1 :om he f\nd himself unable adequately to describe4444 ,a fresco came to light 9 #ahhg1 "u ! ,*ur* ( ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo on ! ,celian ,hill1 :i* %[s ?ree ,*ri/ians be+ put to dea? b5ea? ! rule ( ,julian ! ,apo/ate1 kneel+ ) eyes b\nd & h&s ti$ beh9d _! backs4 ,?is may be consid]$ z ! fir/ repres5tation ( a m>tyrdom4444'#aeb ,sixtus ,,iii 7#dcb-ddj71 z is %[n by ! inscription :i* is read above ! pr9cipal door ( ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore1 _h _h ! in/rum5ts ( _! m>tyrdom pa9t$ only b5ea? ! feet ( ! m>tyrs4 #8,ecce tui te/es ut]i sibi proemia portant ,sub p$ibusque jacet passio cuique sua4 ,f]rum1 flamma1 f]ae1 fluvius1 svumque v55um ,tot tam5 has mortes una corona manet4'#aec ,?us 9 ! f\r? c5tury !re 7 repres5tations ( m>tyrdoms1 & 9 ! fif? c5tury s+le figures ( ! m>tyrs m or less idealiz$1 b !y app>5tly c>ri$ ! cr[n ( victory1 #8! cr[n ( _! high call+1' n ! palm4 ,b ?\gh ! cr[n 0 g5]ally us$1 ! palm ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 n =gott51 =1 z ,cassiodorus1 writ+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury1 po9ts out1 x 0 palms :i*1 9 ! eyes ( ! p1 indicat$ ^? /rong a?letes :o 7 victori\s1 & advocates _! use z a religi\s symbol4 ,palms at ?is p]iod seem to h be5 us$ z an emblem ( ! public games !mselves4 ,on ! consul> dipty*es1 ! d\ble tablets ( ivory :i* a consul _h c>v$ to commemorate 8 entry into (fice1 x 0 cu/om>y to put palms b5ea? ! figure ( ! consul1 among ! bags ( money & o!r objects t 7 suppos$ to repres5t ! b5efits :i* w\ld accrue to ! populace b5ea? 8 rule4 ,x 0 probably ?is secul> use ( ! palm :i* exclud$ x f ! symbolism ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ! e>ly c5turies1 = x is palm trees n palm bran*es :i* are f\nd 9 ! e>ly mosaics1 notably ^? ( ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuova 9 ,rav5na1 :]e palm trees alt]nate ) ! figures r\nd ! frieze1 & palm trees1 accord+ to ,/ ,ambrose1 7 n ! symbol ( victory b ! emblem ( ! righte\s man1 #8= its roots are ^u ! e>? b its head is lift$ t[>ds ! heav5s4' ,b by ! ?irte5? c5tury ! public games _h dropp$ f ,italian social life1 & religi\s art rev]t$ once m to ! palm bran* ( ! catacombs z ! symbol ( a m>tyr's triumph ov] dea?4 ,dur&us1 writ+ ab\t ! ye> #abhf1 unites ! diff]5t r5d]+s ( ! palm's significance4 ,he says3 #8,m>tyrs are pa9t$ ) ! in/rum5ts ( _! torture & sometimes ) palms1 :i* signify victory1 accord+ to t say+3 #88,! righte\s %all fl\ri% l a palm tree2 z a palm tree fl\ri%es1 s 8 memory %all be pres]v$40'#aed ,aft] ! ,r5aissance m>tyrs 7 v g5]ally depict$ ) palms1 ei!r 9 place (1 or 9 addition to1 ! in/rum5ts ( _! m>tyrdom4 ,!y v>i$ 9 size & %ape1 f ! t9y clos$ palm no long] ?an a human h&1 us$ by ,cimabue1#aee to ! magnific5t p$e/al ( palm bran*es on :i* ,c>paccio has set 8 #8,sa9t ,ursula 9 ,glory4'#aef ,sa9t ,*ri/oph]1 ! giant sa9t1 9 consid]ation ( 8 size1 0 always all[$ a :ole palm tree z 8 /aff1 b a :ole palm tree1 or ! t9ie/ scrap ( its foliage1 c>ri$ exactly ! same mean+4 ,! palm is also giv5 occasionally to sev]al sa9ts :o h n suff]$ a viol5t dea?1 b h be5 conspicu\s = _! victory ov] pa9 & temptation2 = in/ance1 ,sa9t ,francis1 ,sa9t ,ca?>9e ( ,si5a & ,sa9t ,cl>e4 ,ev5 9 ! ,catacombs two palms are sometimes plac$ crossways1 n on ! tombs ( m>tyrs only1 b on o!r ,*ri/ian tombs1 to signify ! victory ( ! cross4 ,= life z a decl>$ ,*ri/ian 9 ! e>ly days ( ! fai? 0 suffici5tly difficult & p]il\s1 ev5 if x did n end 9 dea? at ! h&s ( ! execution]4 ,9 ! same way ! pilgrim :o _h ov]come difficulties & enc\nt]$ possible dea? on a j\rney ( piety to ! holy sepul*re 0 p]mitt$ to take ! "n ( palm] :5 he #8br+s home 8 /aff enwrea!d ) palm4'#aeg ,mean:ile palms nev] fell into disuse z a secul> symbol4 ,:5 !y appe> on ! seals & co9s ( emp]ors & k+s !y indicate entirely worldly p[] & au?ority1 & x is n 9 recognition ( sa9?ood t ! w+$ g5ius pres5ts ,h5ri ,,iv ) palm & wrea? ( laurel 9 ! f9e allegorical picture ( 8 #8,entry into ,p>is aft] ! ,battle ( ,ivry4'#aeh ,9 a hymn ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 ,jesus ,*ri/ is designat$ ! #8,palma bellatorum1' b1 p]haps by reason ( its pagan orig91 & also because x has nev] be5 exclusively a religi\s symbol1 ,*ri/ z ! conqu]or ( s9 & dea? is seldom depict$ ) ! palm ( victory4 ,9 a few devotional ,crucifixions palms are plac$ crossways above ! ,savi\r's head1 & v r>ely x is se5 9 ! h& ( ! newly-ris5 ,*ri/4 ,he almo/ inv>iably c>ries in/ead ! bann] ( ! ,resurrection ) a sc>let cross ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,9 "o ( ! r>e repres5tations#aei :]e ,he holds a palm ,he holds also ! bann] 9 ,8 o!r h&1 & x is /rik+ h[ ! add+ ( ! less] symbol to ! great]1 an error ! e>ly ma/]s c>efully avoid$1 detracts f ! dignity ( ! figure4 ,9 ! f\r canonical gospels1 palms z a symbol are only m5tion$ once1 ! occasion be+ ! entry ( ,jesus ,*ri/ #8rid+ l[ly ^u an ass' into ,j]usalem be=e ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 #8,!y 444 took bran*es ( palm trees & w5t =? to meet ,him1 & cri$ ,hosanna6' ,x 0 a respect paid to a reign+ sov]eign & w\ld support ! accusation ( ! ,jews t ,he s\ght to make ,himself a k+4 ,! entry into ,j]usalem is n an incid5t 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ :i* is us$ = devotional contemplation1 ?\gh x occurr$ usually 9 ! s]ies ( sc5es f ! life ( ,*ri/ :i* 7 frequ5t 9 pre-,r5aissance art1 execut$ 9 c>v$ wood1 ivory & m>ble2 & 9 ! h&s ( ! villag]s ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives ! palms signifi$1 ( c\rse1 simply triumph1 = !y _h n yet ga9$ ! full ,*ri/ian mean+ ( victory ?r\gh ! ,cross4 ,9 repres5tations ( ! entry ( ,*ri/ into ,j]usalem1 ! palms are m]ely a hi/orical detail1 b x is a true symbol1 9 defiance ( ! probable fact1 :5 ! ,savi\r ,himself is repres5t$ c>ry+ ! palm1 z 9 ! ,biblia ,paup]um ( #addj4afj ,x is !n purely a symbol ( ,8 triumph ov] s9 & dea?4 ,9 ?is same edition ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um ! palm is also1 /rangely en\gh1 plac$ 9 ! h& ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,ecce ,homo2 ! #8re$ 9 ,8 "r h&' set !re 9 mock]y1 *ang$ to ! victor's palm4 ,occasionally ! palm is giv5 to ! angel ,gabriel :5 he comes f ,heav5 to ann\nce ! ,savi\r's approa*+ bir?4 #8,ave' is 8 salutation to ! ,virg91 & 9 ,roman fa%ion1 z 9 salutation to a que51 he kneels ) a lift$ palm4 ,sp9ello ,aret9o pa9ts ,gabriel ) ! palm4 ,9 8 ,annunciation at ,arezzo#afa ! angel is fir/ se5 above1 fly+ ) ! palm f be=e ,god's ?rone4 ,bel[ he kneels1 ! palm 9 8 h&1 be=e ! ,virg94 ,ambrogio ,lor5zetti#afb & o!rs foll[ ! same tradition1 b ! palm 0 soon sup]s$$ 9 ,si5a by ! olive & else:]e by ! lily1 :i* 0 adopt$ by pa9t]s ( all nations z ! fl[] ( ! ,annunciation4 ,! ,leg5da ,aurea ( ,jacobus de ,vorag9e gives an acc\nt ( ! dea? & burial ( ! ,virg94 ,! leg5d is said to be an inv5tion ( ! ,gno/ics1 & !re is reason to believe ( ,l5cius 9 ! second c5tury4#afc ,%ortly be=e ! ,virg9's dea? ! angel ,gabriel aga9 appe>$ to h]1 & #8he gave h] a bran* ( palm f ,p>adise :i* he comm&$ %\ld be borne be=e h] bi]4' ,?is bran* ( palm 0 cle>ly ! symbol ( victory ov] s91 s9ce %e _h pass$ a full lifetime 9 p]fect s9lessness & h] surpass+ sorr[s _h entitl$ h] to ! rew>d ( m>tyrdom4 ,! ,leg5d cont9ues3 #8,& ! palm %one :i* he _h left beh9d ) great cle>ness2 x 0 gre5 l a natural bran* & its leaves %imm]$ l ! morn+ />4' ,! palm1 !re=e1 is di/+ui%$ f ! palms ( ! m>tyrs by be+ encircl$ ) />s4 ,a ,si5ese arti/ pa9ts sev51#afd ! sacr$ numb]1 correspond+ ) ! ,virg9's sorr[s2 o!r arti/s give twelve1 =e%ad[+ t !re %\ld be ^u h] head #8a cr[n ( twelve />s4' ,usually1 9 ,italian pictures ( ! dea? or #8,dormition' ( ! ,virg91 an angel1 or ,sa9t ,john ! ,evangeli/1 appe>s at h] b$side c>ry+ ! palm4 ,nor!rn art 0 almo/ entirely un9flu5c$ by ! details giv5 by ,jacobus de ,vorag9e ( ! ,virg9's dea? & burial1 & ?\gh 9 ,g]many #8,! ,dea? ( ! ,virg9' is a v fav\rite subject1 ! palm is nev] introduc$4 ,sa9t ,john frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 holds a light$ tap]1 & "s =m ( ! />ry palm tradition may h drift$ nor?w>ds1 = ! ma/] ( ! ,/]z+ ,alt>#afe pa9ts a clu/] ( />-%ap$ fl[]s 9 ! h& ( ,sa9t ,john1 :o b5ds ov] ! inanimate =m ( ! ,virg94 ,h] body 0 c>ri$ by div9e comm& to ! valley ( ,jeho%aphat1 #8& ,john b>e ! palm bran* 9 front ( x4' ,?is sc5e1 too1 belongs to ,italian art1 & usually makes a beautiful processional gr\p4 ,sa9t ,john1 ) ! privilege ( a son1 walks be=e ! bi]4 ,duccio di ,buon9segna#aff pa9ts him ) ! clos$ n>r[ palm ( a m>tyr4 ,9 ! *>m+ little long-%ap$ picture by ,fra ,angelico#afg ! palm has its fan-%ap$ leaves spread wide & x %9es z if x 7 ( gold4 ,9 ! #8,immaculate ,conception' ( ! ,spani% s*ool "o ( ! att5dant putti usually c>ries a palm4 ,?is may be ! palm ( victory ov] s9 & dea?1 or1 foll[+ ano!r au?ority1 x may be a symbol ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 s9ce x be>s fruit at ! same mom5t at :i* x fl[]s4#afh ,accord+ to ,dr ,anselm ,salz]1 ,o4,s4,b41 #8,! palm1 :5 ref]r+ to ,m>y1 is a figure ( h] victory ov] ! _w & its temptations1 ( h] ev]la/+ virtue1 ( h] sov]eignty 9 heav51 ( ! protection t %e (f]s to mank9d1 ( h] triumphant mo!rhood & ( ! beauty ( h] s\l4'#afi ,,xii ,,! ,,acan?us ,"o plant1 ! acan?us1 :i* 0 v mu* us$ by pre-,r5aissance arti/s1 seems to h dropp$ lat] f ! flora ( symbolism4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo ,al9>i ,,! ,,acan?us ,,( ,,p>adise ,mosaic ( #ac? c5tury 7,s4 ,clem5te1 ,rome7 ,p>adise 0 emb[]$1 accord+ to ,sa9t ,paul9o da ,nola1 9 florif]i caele/e nemus p>adisi1 & curv+ bran*es ( acan?us indicate ,heav5 9 ! mosaics ( ! ,bapti/]y ( ,rav5na & 9 ! apse ( ,/ ,john ,lat]an4 ,! ,trees ( ,jesse & ! ,trees ( ,life 9 e>ly art are also f\nd$ on ! acan?us ) v>i\s symbolical details ni*$ 9 ! bran*es4 ,x surr\nds ! #8,coronation' & fills ! space above ! heads ( ! sa9ts 9 ! l>ge c5tral mosaic ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore#agj & ( ! f9e mosaic 9 ,s4 ,clem5te4#aga ,v5turi writes ( ! latt]3 #8,f ! plant1 :5ce rises ! ,cross1 spr+ two gre5 b\ghs :i* wrea? ov] all ! abside1 enclos+ ) _! spirals birds1 fl[]s & sa9ts to give ! idea ( ! g>d5 ( felicity4 ,9 su* a way1 9 ! ,dug5to1 at ! di/ance ( s _m c5turies1 ! v]ses ( ,/ ,paul9o da ,nola are illu/rat$ once m4' ,b aft] ! ?irte5? c5tury acan?us plants ( va/ proportions 7 no long] us$ to symbolize ! g>d5s ( ,heav54 ,heav5 became a natural p>k-l place ) fruit trees & fl[]-gr[n grass1 except = its inhabitants1 diff]+ little f any pr9cely g>d54 ,! plant 0 /ill us$ z ! motive ( mu* decoration1 ecclesia/ical & secul>1 b x 0 no long] se5 9 connection ) devotional subjects z ! repres5tative plant ( ,heav54 ,,xiii ,,! ,,fleur-,,de-,,lys ,among ! symbolical fl[]s ( art1 ! gold5 fleurs-de-lys ( ,france hold a high position4 ,!y 7 ! arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,france1 #8! elde/ son ( ! ,*ur*'2 !y 7 borne by ,sa9t ,l\is1 ! royal sa9t1 & are typical ( ,*ri/ian royalty4 ,till ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii !y appe>$ ^u ! royal bann] ( ,engl&4 ,_! orig91 h[ev]1 9 spite ( latt]-day leg5ds1 0 non-,*ri/ian1 nor are !y di/9ctively lilies4 ,! le>n$ ,m4 de ,beaumont1 :o has made a special /udy ( ! orig9s ( ! fleur-de-lys1 or fleur-de-lis1 z he pref]s to spell x1 has ?us summ$ up 8 rese>*es3 #a4 ,armorial be>+s did n comm5ce 9 ,france till aft] ! fir/ ,crusade4 #b4 ,x 0 9 imitation ( ! ,arabs & ,p]sians t *ivalry1 t\rneys & coats ( arms 7 adopt$ 9 ,europe & ,france4 #c4 ,?is fl[]1 :i* we "n ! fleur-de-lis1 is ! symbol ( fecundity & royalty 9 anci5t ,egypt2 x is also ! sacr$ plant & tree ( life1 adopt$ ) ! same symbolical significance by ! ,assyrians & ,p]sians1 f :om x pass$ to ,byzantium1 to arrive at la/ 9 ! ,teutonic c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,ea/4 ,x came at ! same "t to ! ,v5etians1 & ! ,lomb>ds1 ! ,spani>ds & ! ,fr5*1 & ?is significant =m ornam5t$ sceptres & cr[ns1 ! attributes ( royalty4 #d4 ,:5 ! laws ( h]aldry 7 at la/ e/abli%$ 9 ,france1 aft] ! ,crusades1 ?is symbol became ! arms ( ! ,k+s ( ,france1 :o entitl$ !mselves rois p> excell5ce4 ,lat]1 ! orig9 be+ =gott5 & lo/1 ! ,celtic root ( ! ^w li 0 ignor$ by ! h]alds4 ,!y reg>d$ ?is symbolical ornam5t z ! lilium or g>d5 lily1 9 itself a symbol ( ! ,virg91 :i* = ! mo/ ,*ri/ian ,k+s ( ,france mu/ h be5 a p[]ful motive = its adoption4 ,p]haps ev5 a religi\s scruple may h be5 ! cause ( ?is trans=mation ( ! hea!n into ! ,*ri/ian symbol4 ,x 0 n till !n t ! h]aldic writ]s1 ! great] "p ( :om belong$ to ! ,*ur*1 =c$ !mselves to recognize 9 ! h]aldic fleur-de-lys ! =m ( ! lilium1 ev5 ?\gh1 9 place ( be+ or ^u azur & hav+ ?ree petals1 x ought 9 t case to h five petals & appe> 9 arg5t4#agb ,! monki% h]alds f\nd a v elaborate symbolism 9 ! royal %ield ( ,france4 ,! lilies 7 ( gold1 n silv]1 because 9 h]aldry gold signifies ! f\r k+ly virtues1 nobility1 goodwill1 *>ity & magnanimity4 ,!y are ?ree 9 numb] because ?is numb] is complete z is ! ,holy ,tr9ity4444 ,also1 ! c5tre "o signifies ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 t on ! "r ! cl]gy1 t on ! left ! army4 ,!re 0 no end to ! hidd5 mean+s4 #8,enf91' concludes ,c>lo ,degrassalio ( ,c>cassonne1 #8ces trois fleurs-de-lis d'or sont sur un cu d'azur1 p>ceque1 de mme que ,dieu1 le roi des rois1 la puissance des puissances1 a en quelque sorte p\r cu le bleu firmam5t1 respl5dissant d'a/res d'or2 de mme le roi de ,france1 fils an de l',eglise1 porte p\r la plus gr&e gloire du ,*ri/1 l'cu le plus noble1 cu sur lequel les lis d'or brill5t comme les a/res sur un ciel s]e94'#agc ,tradition says t ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! fleur-de-lys ^u ?is e>? 0 at ! baptism ( ,k+ ,clovis4 ,k+ ,clovis 0 m>ri$ to ,clotilda1 a ,*ri/ian ,pr9cess ( ,burgundy1 & h] pray]s hav+ obta9$ ! victory = ,france at a critical mom5t1 he 9 gratitude became a ,*ri/ian also4 ,on ! occasion ( 8 baptism by ,sa9t ,rmi an angel pres5t$ him ) ?ree heav5ly lilies4 ,9 ! ,b$=d ,missal1#agd pres5t$ to ,h5ry ,,vi :5 he 0 cr[n$ ,k+ ( ,france1 ! leg5d is illu/rat$ 9 m9iature4 ,! angel is %[n receiv+ ! ?ree lilies 9 ,heav54 ,he desc5ds to e>? & c>ries !m to ,sa9t ,rmi1 :o rev]5tly receives !m 9 a napk9 & gives !m to ,que5 ,clotilda4 ,l[] d[n 9 ! picture ,clotilda pres5ts ! emblazon$ %ield be>+ ! ?ree fleurs-de-lys to h] husb&4 ,?is leg5d might seem disprov$ by ! decoration ( fleurs-de-lys1 :i* 0 already ^u ! great braz5 b[l n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 kn[n z ! ,font ( ,k+ ,clovis1 _h n rec5t ar*ological inve/igation discov]$ ! orig9 ( ! b[l to be nei!r ,franki% nor ,*ri/ian1 & ! fleurs-de-lys prove m]ely t ! vessel 0 design$ = royal use4 ,! confusion ( ! fleur-de-lys ) ! lily ( ,heav5 & ! fl[] ( ! ,virg9 gave x a semi-religi\s value1 :i* excus$ its intrusion into ! decoration ( *ur*es & *ur* furniture4 ,sometimes x 0 us$ entirely h]aldically1 z ! indication ( ! giv] ( a gift4 ,x is us$ h]aldically ^u ! silv] %r9e ( ,sa9t ,simeon at ,z>a1 ! gift ( ,l\is ! ,great & 8 wife1 ,elizabe?1 :]e ! fleur-de-lys ( ! coat ( arms is repeat$ ?r\gh\t ! entire decoration4 ,h]aldically1 yet ) "s s5se ( ! "r plac+ ( ! fl[] :i* emblemizes purity1 7 ! fleurs-de-lys embroid]$ ) ! ^w amor ^u ! t9y %oes ( ! ,virg9 de los ,reyes4 ,! figure1 :i* is /ill 9 ,seville ,ca!dral1 0 a gift f ,sa9t ,l\is ( ,france to 8 bro!r sa9t1 ,f]d9& ( ,spa94 ,! fl[] is aga9 h]aldic ^u ! magnific5t tomb ( ,rob]t ! ,wise1#age ! patron ( ,giotto & ,simone ,m>t9i1 :]e x decorates ! backgr\nd ) f9e effect1 ?\gh x is p]haps too insi/5tly repeat$ on cr[ns1 sceptres1 broo*es & ! floriation ( crosses2 b ! con/antly-recurr+ fleurs-de-lys 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! ,ci/]cian ,bro!rhood appe> q def9itely z ! fl[] ( ! ,virg94 ,%e 0 ! patron ( ! ord]1 & _! fam\s sa9t1 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux--#8h] own fai?ful ,b]n>d'--devot$ 8 life to prais+ ! #8lily ( ! valley4' ,h] impress is ^u ! /one ( ! ,ci/]cian abbeys ( ,engl& & ( ,france1 :]e repeat$ly we f9d ! #8c>v$ "w ( op5 lilies4' ,b ! ,ci/]cians _h no monopoly ( ! symbol4 ,almo/ naturally ! /one "w ( ,fr5* ,go?ic ar*itecture seems to bud & break into ! =mal fl[]4 ,9 ! great ,*ur* ( ,albi ea* upspr++ sl5d] %aft ends 9 a fleur1 alt]nat+ ) %ields along ! scre54 ,9 ! rood-l(t ( ,/ ,flor5t91 9 ! t[n ( t "n1 fleurs-de-lys =m ! c5tre ( elaborate trac]y1 & 9 ! rood-l(t ( ! ,madele9e at ,troyes a v beautiful cr[n$ fleur-de-lys fills ! panels ( ! surm\nt+ balu/rade4 ,9 ! panel#agf design$ = ! tomb ( ,edw>d ,,vi by ,torregiano1 & n[ =m+ "p ( ! alt> above ,h5ry ,,vii's tomb1 ! rose & ! lily meet 9 a *>m+ ,r5aissance decoration1 & ! l9k betwe5 ! h]aldic & ! symbolical seems to be suppli$1 = ! p]sonal badges ( ! k+1 ! ,tudor rose & ! fleur-de-lys1 are wov5 toge!r 9 fl[+ l9es1 till1 los+ h]aldic /iffness & p]sonal application1 !y become ! ,rose ( ,love & ! ,lily ( ,purity1 a fit decoration = ! alt> ( ,god4 ,b x 0 n 9 ,france & ,engl& only t ! fleur-de-lys 0 us$ z a symbol ( royalty4 ,9 a ,greek m9iature ( ! t5? c5tury#agg fleurs-de-lys are scatt]$ ov] ! mantle ( ,k+ ,david1 & ,didron m5tions t he saw a fleur-de-lys ornam5tation ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,hecatompyli4 ,! m9iature 01 ( c\rse1 pa9t$ be=e ! lilies _h appe>$ on ! royal bann] ( ,france1 & ! decoration at ,hecatompyli w\ld be drawn f ,ea/]n s\rces4 ,! mo/ noble use ( ! fleur-de-lys is to express ! maje/y ( ,god4 ,floriat$ cr[ns z a symbol ( ,div9e maje/y 7 common 9 ,fr5*1 ,flemi% & ,g]man art1 b are seldom se5 9 ,italy4 ,mo/ usually x is ,god ! ,fa!r only :o is s di/+ui%$4 ,9 a ,fr5* m9iature ( ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1#agh :]e ! ?ree p]sons are repres5t$ "u human =m1 ,god ! ,fa!r we>s ! floriat$ cr[n1 ! o!r p]sons ! cruci=m halo4 ,9 a /a9$ glass w9d[1 ) ! figure ( ,god ! ,fa!r hold+ ! ,crucifix1#agi ,he we>s a ti>a ( five ti]s1 ea* decorat$ ) ! fleur-de-lys4 ,meml+ & 8 s*ool1 pa9t+ = ! ,c\rt ( ,burgundy1 held to ! ,fr5* traditions1 & ,god ! ,fa!r 9 ! #8,coronation' on ! %r9e ( ,/ ,ursula1 ,god ! ,son 9 ! #8,*ri/ surr\nd$ by ,angels' 9 ,antw]p1 & ! ,virg9 on ! w+s 7out]7 ( ! #8,la/ ,judgm5t' at ,danzig1 all we> cr[ns ornam5t$ ) fleurs-de-lys4 ,9 ,g]man art !re are few] cr[ns be>+ ! fleur-de-lys1 ! cr[ns ( bo? ! ,deity & ! ,virg9 hav+ usually ! ar*$ imp]ial =m4 ,b v frequ5tly t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! rays ( light1 :i* 9 ,italian art make a cruci=m b> across ! halo ( ! ,savi\r1 9 ,g]many take ! =m ( fleurs-de-lys4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly noticeable 9 #8,! ,virg9 & ,sa9t ,anne ) ! ,*ild' ( ,hans ,fries1#ahj & 9 a r m elaborate =m 9 ! "w ( ,wolgemut4#aha ,!re are two sa9ts :o h always _h ! "r to we> ! royal lilies ( ,france4 ,!y are ,sa9t ,l\is ( ,france1 9 8 lifetime ,l\is ,,ix1 & 8 gr&-nephew ,l\is1 ,bi%op ( ,t\l\se4 ,k+ ,l\is1 ! sa9tly soldi] :o br\ght to ,france ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns &1 to en%r9e x1 built ! ,sa9te ,*apelle1 di$ 9 ,crusade be=e ! walls ( ,tunis 9 #abgj4 ,tw5ty-sev5 ye>s lat] he 0 canoniz$1 & ,giotto pa9t$ 8 portrait 9 ,santa ,croce4 ,mr ,g>dn] comm5ts on ?is fresco3 #8,/ ,l\is ! ,k+ 7"o :om ,dante does n seem to h held 9 hon\r71 a spl5did figure1 calm & noble1 9 "o h& ! sceptre & 9 ! o!r ! ,franciscan cord1 8 royal robe bespr9kl$ ) ! gold5 lily ( ,france ov] ! arm\r ( ! w>rior ( ! ,cross1 8 face absorb$ 9 cele/ial contemplation4 ,he is ! ,*ri/ian realization ( ! ,platonic philosoph] k+2 8,/ ,l\is10 says ,walt] ,pat]1 8precisely because 8 :ole be+ 0 full ( heav5ly vision1 9 self-bani%m5t f x = a :ile1 l$ & rul$ ! ,fr5* p s magnanim\sly alike 9 peace & w>40 ,opposite him is ,/ ,l\is ( ,t\l\se1 ) ! royal cr[n at 8 feet2 bel[ are ,/ ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 ) h] lap full ( fl[]s1 &1 opposite to h]1 ,/ ,cl>e1 ( :om ,dante's ,picc>da tells s sweetly 9 ! ,p>adiso--t lady on high :om1 8p]fect$ life & l(ty m]it do? enheav540'#ahb ,sa9t ,cl>e c>ries a lily4 ,9 ! ,prado !re is a ,holy ,tr9ity by ,c4 ,coello1 :]e ,sa9t ,l\is is plac$ opposite to ,sa9t ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 :o holds a basket ( roses1 & ?is gr\p+ ( ! two royal sa9ts is (t5 f\nd4 ,/ ,elizabe? 0 canoniz$ be=e ,/ ,l\is 0 born1 b !y are well mat*$ 9 piety1 bo? ( noble bir?1 bo? dy+ 9 ! fl[] ( _! age1 & bo? devot$ to _! p's welf>e4 ,!re is a v int]e/+ figure ( ,sa9t ,l\is1 intellectual1 e>ne/ & /rong1 9 ! ,m>iage ,my/ique#ahc ( ,jean ,p]ral4 ,sa9t ,l\is ( ,t\l\se 0 ! gr&son ( ,*>les ( ,anj\1 :o 0 suz]a9 ( ,flor5ce = t5 ye>s4 ,p]ugia *ose him z h] patron sa9t1 & 9 ,flor5ce he 0 patron ( ! ,p>te ,guelfa4 ,he is easily recogniz$ by 8 mitre & ! fleurs-de-lys ^u 8 cope4 ,!re is a /atue ( him by ,donatello at ,santa ,croce1 & pictures else:]e by ,bonfigli1 ,simone ,m>t9i1 ,moretto & ,cosimo ,rosselli4 ,p]haps ! mo/ sympa!tic & individual portrait ( him is t ( ,b>tolommeo ,viv>9i4#ahd ,he c>ries book & crozi] & 8 y\?ful face is v sweet & e>ne/1 ?\gh x has ! set lips ( ! true *ur*man4 ,! cope is bord]$ ) a l>ge design ( fleurs-de-lys4 ,bo? ^! sa9ts we> ! fleur-de-lys to m>k t !y are memb]s ( ! ,royal ,h\se ( ,france4 ,! purity :i* ! lily symbolizes :5 reg>d$ z ! fl[] ( ! ,virg9 is a second>y significance4 ,n[ ano!r holy "o has jo9$ !m1 :o also1 ?\gh ( l[ly bir?1 bore ! gold5 lilies4 ,b = h] !y 7 ! true lilies ( maid5hood1 _! =m m]ely %[+ t ! "r to c>ry !m on h] bann] 0 ! gift ( a ,fr5* k+4 #8,) a wrea? wov5 by no mortal h& %all %e 7,jeanne d',arc7 at ,reims eng>l& happily ! g>d5] ( ! ,lily1 nam$ ,*>les1 son ( ,*>les1' prophesi$ ,engl9de1 ! ,hung>ian se]1 & at ! fulfilm5t ,*>les 0 n ungrateful4 ,s9ce a woman _c h]aldically be> arms1 he grant$ to ! bro!rs ( ! maid ! "r to we> two ( ! royal lilies on _! %ield4 ,! blazon 0 d'azur la c\ronne royale d'or s\t5ue d'une pe d'arg5t croise et pommete d'or en pal1 cotoye de deux fleurs-de-lis d'or4 ,!y 7 giv5 at ! same "t 7,decemb] #adbi7 ! surname ( du lis4 ,! sword has ! blade ornam5t$ ) five fleurs-de-lys & is app>5tly ! fam\s "o une>!d 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/ ,ca?>9e at ,fi]bois1 #8deck$ ) five fl[]-de-luces on ea* side4'#ahe ,b 9 ! lea/ d\btful ( ! _m contempor>y portraits ( ! ,maid 7^? 9 ! collection ( ,m4 ,george ,spetz7 ! fleurs-de-lys d n appe>4 ,:5 que/ion$ at h] trial z to any sup]natural p[] held by h] sword1 %e decl>$3 #8,x 0 a ru/y sword 9 ! e>?1 ) five crosses on x1 & ,i knew x ?r\gh my voices4'#ahf ,! cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/ ,ca?>9e1 h[ev]1 aft] f9d+ ! sword by ,jeanne's directions1 _h _h a scabb>d made = x ( crimson velvet1 embroid]$ ) fleurs-de-lys 9 gold1 & leg5d support$ by h]aldry seems to h sub/itut$ ! fleurs-de-lys ( ! scabb>d = ! five crosses ( ! blade4 ,! device ^u ! bann] 0 dictat$ to h] by h] patron sa9ts1 ,m>g>et & ,ca?>9e4 ,x 0 ( :ite l951 fr+$ ) silk1 & embroid]$ ) a figure ( ! ,savi\r hold+ a globe 9 ,8 h&s1 :ile an angel knelt on ei!r side 9 adoration4 ,jhesus ,m>ia 0 inscrib$ at ! foot4 ,a repetition ( ?is bann] recopi$ f age to age is said to be pres]v$ at ,t\rs4 ,,xiv ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,annunciation ,!re is "o incid5t 9 ! life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y :i* is p>ticul>ly associat$ ) lilies4 ,x is ! ,annunciation4 ,! ,annunciation 0 n (t5 depict$ be=e ! twelf? c5tury1 ?\gh !re are in/ances ( x on "s e>ly ivories1 on a s>cophagus at ,rav5na ( ! fif? c5tury1 9 ! fam\s six?-c5tury ,syrian ,,ms4 ( ! ,laur5tian ,libr>y1#ahg & among ! mosaics ( ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore4#ahh ,dur+ ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 :ile ! v5]ation ( ! ,virg9 )9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* /eadily grew great]1 ! /ory ( h] life1 z ap>t f t ( h] ,div9e ,son1 appe>$ 9 sculpture & /a9$ glass1 b /ill ! ,annunciation 0 a comp>atively r>e subject & simply treat$4 ,e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 a :ole flight ( ann\nc+ angels settl$ d[n ov] ,italy1 "s drift+ z f> nor? z ,holl&4 ,we f9d !m kneel+1 /&+1 j alight+1 (t5 ) ! w9d ( swift movem5t /ill 9 _! g>m5ts & almo/ always on ! left h& ( ! picture1 ) ! ,virg9 9 ! place ( hon\r on ! "r4 ,! ,annunciation1 ! ann\nc+ ( ! ne> approa* ( #8! dayspr+ f on high1' :i* 0 to br+ light & joy & fre$om to a _w grop+ 9 ! twilight ( an imp]fect revelation1 0 an incid5t :i* p>ticul>ly appeal$ to m9ds rejoic+ 9 ! intellectual lib]ation ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x appeal$1 too1 to ! joy\s nature ( ! ,flor5t9es1 :o hat$ ! sad & tragic aspects ( life1 lov+ fre% & spr+-l ?+s & r elaborate simplicity4 ,pictures ( ! ,annunciation multipli$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* 0 j !n evolv+ ! s*ool :i* 0 to influ5ce s p[]fully ! ,we/]n _w's pictorial conceptions ( ! div9e my/]ies4 ,& 9 ! great majority ( ,annunciations we f9d lilies1 = 9 ?is incid5t ( ! ,virg9's life above all o!rs x 0 necess>y to emphasize ! purity :i* made ! wond] ( ! angel's salutation4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic treatm5t ( ! lily1 z ! lily ( ! ,annunciation1 0 to place x 9 a pot or vase4 ,ab\t ! ye> #abia1 ,cavall9i1 ! mosaici/1 0 9 ,rome decorat+ ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,tra/ev]e1 & b5ea? ! great c5tre mosaic ( ! apse he plac$ a s]ies ( sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! ,annunciation ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a m>ble ?rone1 :i* has broad1 table-l arms4 ,on "o arm !re is a di%1 app>5tly ( fruit1 & on ! o!r a vase fill$ ) lilies4 ,! vase may or may n h be5 plac$ !re def9itely z a symbol1 b z a detail--9 vulg> ,engli% phraseology--x caught on4 ,we f9d x on ! fam\s c>v$ c&le/ick ( ,gaeta1#ahi work$ by an unkn[n contempor>y ( ,niccola d',apulia4 ,x appe>s on an embroid]$ book-cov] ( ,engli% "w#aij attribut$ to ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & is clev]ly squ>$ out ( ! *equ]$ backgr\nd ( a ,ne!rl&i% music-book#aia ( #accj4 ,! vase ( lilies soon became a m or less elaborate detail 9 num]\s illum9ations1 c>v+s & pa9t+s4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! ,flemi% ma/]s1 ,jan van ,eyck1#aib ,rog] van d] ,weyd5#aic & ! ,ma/] ( ,flmalle1#aid make use ( x4 ,x 0 p>ticul>ly popul> 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! ,flor5t9es lov$ ! ,annunciation z a subject & 7 *>m$ by ! easy1 graceful symbolism ( ! lilies4 ,!y 7 also1 d\btless1 deeply gratifi$1 z citiz5s & z *ur*m51 to id5tify ! lily1 _! city's badge1 z ! fl[] ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ,spa91 ev5 be=e !re 0 any native s*ool ( pa9t+1 ! vase ( lilies pass$ f be+ a detail to be an almo/ ess5tial factor 9 e repres5tation ( ! ,annunciation1 & e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury we f9d x /&+ deta*$ z ! special & di/+ui%+ attribute ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,lily ( ,aragon1 f\nd$ 9 #adaj by ,f]d9&1 ,duke ( ,pegnafiel1 ! *a9 0 compos$ ( alt]nate griff9s & pots ( ?ree lilies1 & ,=d m5tions t :5 ! ,reg5t ,f]n&o recov]$ ,antequ]a f ! ,moors he gave ! city = arms ! badge ( 8 milit>y ord]1 :i* 0 ,la ,t]raza1 #8! vase1' ! pot ( lilies ( ! ,virg94#aie ,! symbol ( ! vase _h come to ! ,ne!rl&s & ,g]many :ile !y 7 /ill pictorially in>ticulate2 b :5 !y at l5g? f\nd means ( expression1 ! ,g]mans sl[ly1 ! ,flem+s 9 a spl5did bur/ ) ! van ,eycks1 x 0 _! e>lie/ & _! fav\rite symbol4 ,meml+ places x also beside 8 en?ron$ ,madonnas1 & x is nev] omitt$ f an ,annunciation except on ! occasions1 comp>atively r>e 9 ! ,nor?1 :5 ,gabriel holds a bran* ( lilies 9 8 h& in/ead ( ! h]ald's w&4 ,!n !re is no vase1 = !re is no necessity to repeat ! symbol4 ,b 9 ,italy itself ! vase ( lilies1 ?\gh popul>1 0 nev] consid]$ ess5tial4 ,no vase decorates ! loggias :]e sit ! ,virg9s ( ,giotto1#aif ,botticelli1#aig ,melozzo da ,=l1#aih or ,leon>do da ,v9ci1#aii ?\gh ,giotto introduces x ) id5tical symbolism 9 ! ,visitation4 ,inde$ _m ( ! mo/ typical pa9t]s ( bo? ! e>ly & ! high ,r5aissance1 ,taddeo di ,b>tolo1#bjj ,sp9ello ,aret9o1#bja ,fra ,angelico1#bjb ,lor5zo di ,cr$i#bjc & ,raphael1#bjd bani% lilies entirely1 bo? f ! vase & f ! angel's h&4 ,ghirl&aio places a vase beside ! ,virg9's read+-desk1 b alt]s its significance by fill+ x ) roses1 daisies & jasm9e1 ! fl[]s ( love1 innoc5ce & div9e hope4#bje ,on ! o!r h&1 "s ( ! ,flor5t9e arti/s :o _h a special fondness = ! fl[]1 notably ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1#bjf & ! ,della ,robbias1#bjg use bo?1 s d\bl+ ! symbolism2 b x 0 m correct1 :]e !re 0 a vase ( lilies1 to %[ ! angel ) fold$ h&s or ) a bran* ( olive1 or1 z 9 ! beautiful ,annunciation ( ,jan van ,eyck at ,/ ,pet]sburg1 hold+ ! h]ald's w&4 ,9 ,jan van ,eyck's ,annunciation at ,b]l91 :]e ,gabriel c>ries a magnific5t bun* ( lilies1 !re is no vase4 ,accord+ to ,nor!rn tradition ! true ,annunciation lily %\ld h no /am5s1 b ?is 0 a ref9em5t ( symbolism l>gely ignor$ by arti/s1 :o 7 disc\rag$ probably by ! insipid appe>ance ( ! fl[] :5 depriv$ ( its gold-du/$ c5tre4 ,9 ,italy x 0 entirely neglect$1 b "s pa9t]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury h plac$ a t9y flame 9 ! c5tre ( ea* lily-cup2 a burn+ flame1 accord+ to ,vas>i1#bjh signify+ et]nal love4 ,!re seems to h be5 sometimes a d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,nor!rn arti/s z to :i* 0 really ! ,madonna's fl[]1 ! lilium c&idum or ! iris1 :i* s closely resembl$ 9 =m ! gold5 lilies on ! royal %ields ( ,france & ,engl&4 ,meml+1 :o _h pa9t$ ! fleur-de-lys h]aldically = ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1#bji seem$ unable to decide1 & 9 ! vase ( ! ,annunciation1#baj z well z 9 ! vase :i* /&s beside ! en?ron$ ,madonna1#baa he has plac$ an iris among ! :ite lilies4 ,or possibly1 ) a deep] symbolism1 tak+ ! iris z ! fleur-de-lys1 ! anci5t symbol ( royalty1 :i*1 ) its ?ree unit$ petals1 recalls also ! nature ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 he has /riv5 to int]pret florally ! message ( ! angel1 t ,god inc>nate w\ld spr+ f a lily-l virg9ity4 ,x may n be )\t design t ! iris 9 ! ,annunciation is ov]%ad[$ by ! lilies1 :ile 9 ! picture :]e ! ,holy ,*ild sits ^u ,8 ,"m's lap1 ! iris 9 ! vase 79 ?is case m>k$ ) ! sacr$ monogram7 has sprung upw>ds beyond ! :ite lilies4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9turic*io ,photo ,al9>i ,,! ,,rose ,,( ,,div9e ,,love ,,ris+ ,,f ,a ,,preci\s ,,vessel 7,borgia ,ap>tm5t1 ,vatican7 ,illu/ration3 ,pesello ,photo ,al9>i ,,! ,,royal ,,lily ,,spr++ ,,f ,a ,,humble ,,vase 7,s4 ,spirito1 ,flor5ce7 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,spirito 9 ,flor5ce !re is an alt>-piece ( ! ,annunciation :i* 0 at "o "t attribut$ to ,botticelli & is n[ usually ascrib$ to ,pesello4 ,! vase1 plac$ midway betwe5 ! two figures1 holds ?ree purple irises4 ,p]haps ! arti/ saw a symbol ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 ! ?ree royal lilies gr[+ on "o /alk 7?\gh ! ,*ur* held a belief 9 ! inc>nation ( ! ,tr9ity 9 unity to be h]esy71 9 :i* case ! col\r1 ! purple ( humility1 w\ld be appropriate4 ,m difficult to expla9 is ! symbolism ( ! vase ( lilies 9 ! ,annunciation ^u ! cov] ( a psalt]1 9 f9e ,engli% ne$lework ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4#bab ,! book belong$ to ,anne1 daught] ( ,sir ,simon ,felbrigge1 & if ! date giv51 ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is correct1 x is a v e>ly in/ance ( ! ,virg9's vase ( lilies4 ,! figures h mu* dignity & sweep ( l9e1 b ! lily1 :i* is a fleur-de-lys 9 =m1 is r$6 ,possibly 9 ! g>d5 ( ! c\ntry conv5t :]e embroid]y 0 work$ no liliums grew4 ,! nun w\ld !re=e take ! only lilies %e knew1 ^? ( ! royal /&>d4 ,= col\r %e w\ld rememb] t !y surpass$ ,solomon 9 8 glory4 ,b1 ev5 s1 ! r$ lily argues an ins5sitiv5ess to symbolic values sc>cely to be f\nd among ! ,lat9s4 ,! orig9al symbolism ( ! vase ( lilies 0 simple4 ,x signifi$ ! purity ( ! ,maid ( ,naz>e?1 %e ( :om x 0 prophesi$ #8,a ,virg9 %all conceive & be> a ,son4' ,%e does n hold ! fl[] 9 h] h& z d ! virg9 m>tyrs :o pres]v$ _! purity ?r\gh /orm & /ress1 b x gr[s naturally beside h] & m]ely typifies h] girlhood4 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury ?is seems to h be5 ! inv>iable int5tion4 ,b 9 ! lat] half ( t c5tury ! mean+ 0 develop$ & amplifi$4 ,di/9ction 0 made betwe5 ! vase & ! fl[] x conta9$4 ,9 ,france & 9 ,spa91 :]e religi\s iconography is f\nd 9 ar*itectural detail r ?an 9 pictorial decoration1 ! fav\rite arrangem5t ( ! ,annunciation 0 to place ! vase midway betwe5 ! ,virg9 & ! angel1 a composition :i* f its equal balance 0 mo/ decorative4 ,! ,virg9 ) droop+ head & fall+ veil1 ,gabriel ) curv$ w+s1 bo? lean+ =w>d t[>ds ! c5tral vase ( lilies1 =m$ an ideal fill+ = a lunette or ! sp&rels ( an ar*1 & ! simplicity ( ! gr\p made x p>ticul>ly suitable = sculpture1 bo? 9 wood & /one4 ,x is ! c5tral motive ( _m ( ! great c>v$ & gild$ r]$os 9 ,spa9 & ( ! simpl] /one alt>s ( ,france4 ,! c5tral vase ( lilies _h1 h[ev]1 a t5d5cy to become ev] l>g]1 till1 f be+ a detail1 x became ! important c5tre-po9t1 & 9 "s ,fr5* ,annunciations ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! un9/ruct$ hea!n w\ld m]ely see two figures wor%ipp+1 app>5tly1 a l>ge vase ( fl[]s4 ,9 two ,italian pictures1 t ( d\btful orig9 already m5tion$ :i* is 9 ,s4 ,spirito1 & ! ,annunciation ( ,p9turic*io 9 ! ,vatican1 :]e ! l>ge vase is plac$ exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ! composition1 ! fl[]s )9 ! vase are n :ite lilies2 !y are iris1 ! royal lily1 9 "o case1 & roses1 ! fl[] ( div9e love1 9 ! o!r4 ,!re=e ! fl[]-fill$ vase 0 no long] /rictly ! symbol ( ! ,virg9's purity4 ,a *ange1 h9t$ at :5 ,meml+ plac$ ! iris among ! lilies1 _h come ab\t1 = ! fl[] :i* 0 ! attribute ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n[ ris+ f ! vase & di/9ction _h be5 made betwe5 ! vase & ! fl[] :i* x conta9$4 ,*ri/ is ! my/ic fl[] spr++ f a l[ly vessel4 ,he is ! fl[]1 ,m>y ! vase4 ,! royal purple lily or ! rose ( love are1 !re=e1 z appropriate a fill+ = ! vase z 0 ! lily1 & !re is no incongruity 9 any attitude ( homage t[>ds ! vase on ! "p ( ! ,virg94 ,b s9ce ! comp\nd emblem 0 ! emblem ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 naturally x is mo/ (t5 ! lily ( purity :i* fills ! vase4 ,9 ! ,annunciation ( ,alb]t ,dr]'s #8,small] ,passion'#bac ! lily gr[+ 9 its humble e>!n pot und5iably ref]s to ! p]fect s9lessness ( ! s\l :i* 0 yet to be born1 = ! fl[]s are /ill ea* tightly fold$ 9 its bud1 :ile 9 ! culm9at+ sc5e ( ! s]ies1 :]e ! ,savi\r sits 9 judgm5t1 ! lily1 ) ea* calyx fully exp&$1 is %[n ) ! sword ( ju/ice beh9d ,8 head4 ,nor!rn symbolism1 always deep] & m complicat$ ?an t ( ! ,s\?1 requir$ t ! vase :i* conta9$ ! lilies %\ld be transp>5t1 ?us indicat+ ! p]fect purity ( ! body :i* en%r9$ ! s\l ( p]fect innoc5ce4 #8,9 s f> t ! glass all[s all surr\nd+s to %9e ?r\gh )\t be+ itself h>m$1 x has become ! symbol ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,!re=e 9 pictures ( ! ,annunciation a blossom+ lily /alk 9 a transp>5t glass is plac$ at ! feet ( ! ,virg94'#bad ,! same idea is trac$ 9 ! ?irte5?-c5tury ,*ri/mas c>ol3 #8,z ! sunbeam ?r\gh ! glass ,passe? b n /a9e?1 ,s ! ,virg9 z %e 01 ,virg9 /ill rema9e?4'#bae ,& some:at ak9 is ! mirror :i* occasionally appe>s1 held by an att5dant putto 9 a ,spani% #8,immaculate ,conception4' ,! transp>5t vase is n (t5 se5 9 ,italian ,annunciations1 = x 0 usual 9 ,italy to place ! /alk ( lilies1 a complete symbol 9 itself ( virg9ity1 9 ! angel's h&1 & !re 0 no ne$ to d\ble ! symbolism2 b ! pa9t]s ( ! late fifte5? & e>ly sixte5? c5turies1 9 pictures ( ,m>y ) ! ,*ild or 9 a ,holy ,family1 use ! cry/al vase frequ5tly z an attribute ( ! ,infant ,savi\r1 fill+ x ) ^? fl[]s :i* express ,8 virtues1 ! violet ( humility1 ! rose or c>nation ( div9e love1 ! daisy ( innoc5ce1 or ! jasm9e ( heav5ly hope4#baf ,! actual numb] ( blooms ^u ! lily /alk has also its significance4 ,"s ?9k !y %\ld be ?ree 9 numb]1 two fully op5$ fl[]s & "o 9 bud1 =m+ :at ,rossetti t]ms ! #8,tripo9t4' #8,i' ! c5tre is ! ,tripo9t3 p]fect ea* ,except ! second ( its po9ts1 to tea* ,t ,*ri/ is n yet born4' ,sev]al ( ! ma/]s ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies pa9t$ ! two fl[]s ) ! bud or ?ree fully-op5$ blooms1 b m (t51 argu+ possibly t ?is lily 0 ! emblem ( ,god ! ,son :5 made ,man1 & n ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 !y pa9t$ simply a natural lily plant ) clu/]+ buds & "o or _m blossoms1 tak+ ! :ole plant z ! symbol4 ,sometimes ! vase holds ?ree di/9ct /alks ( lilies ) a s+le bloom on ea*1 an arrangem5t :i* 0 sugge/$1 x is said1 by ! ,dom9ican leg5d ( ! d\bt+ ,ma/]4 ,a ,ma/] ( ! ,dom9icans1 unable to believe 9 ! /a9lessness ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 w5t to ask help ( ! sa9tly bro!r ,egidius4 #8,o ,ma/] ( ! ,prea*]s1' said ,egidius1 on meet+ him1 #8,virgo ante p>tum4' ,he /ruck ! gr\nd ) 8 /aff & f ! spot !re imm$iately sprang a lily4 #8,o d\bt+ ,ma/]1' he said aga91 #8,virgo 9 p>tu4' ,he /ruck ! e>? & aga9 a lily sprang4 ,he spoke a ?ird "t1 #8,o my bro!r1 ,virgo po/ p>tum1' a ?ird lily bloom$1 & ! ,ma/] ( ! ,dom9icans d\bt$ no m4 ,a deta*$ vase hold+ ?ree lily blooms occurs frequ5tly z ! motive ( an ar*itectural decoration execut$ 9 l[ relief1 "o beautiful example be+ above ! door ( ! ,badia ,*ur* ( ,flor5ce4 ,b x is n conf9$ to build+s ( ,dom9ican orig91 & ! arrangem5t seems to owe its popul>ity m to its symmetry ?an to any support+ leg5d4 ,9 pictures1 :]e great] fre$om ( treatm5t is desirable1 ! lilies are "o1 two1 ?ree or m--!re is no rule4 ,,xv ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,angel ,,gabriel ,9 ! majority ( ! ,annunciations :i* 7 pa9t$ dur+ ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies ! ar*angel ,gabriel c>ries a lily4 ,9 ! e>lie/ repres5tations ( ! subject he has simply a h]ald's w&1 :i* 9 lat] ,byzant9e art usually t]m9at$ 9 a fleur-de-lys1 ! anci5t symbol ( royalty1 or 9 a m or less elaborate cross4 ,m r>ely he c>ries a scroll on :i* are inscrib$ ! words ( 8 message4 ,9 ! e>ly ,si5ese s*ool he /ill holds ! h]ald's w&1#bag or br+s to ! ,virg9 a bran* ( olive1#bah ! symbol ( peace & goodwill4 ,once at lea/ he holds a bran* ( laurel1#bai ! me$ ( ^? :o excel1 & sometimes ! palm#bbj ( victory ov] s94 ,9 ! fam\s ,annunciation ( ,simone ,m>t9i1#bba ,gabriel1 :o c>ries a bran* ( olive1 is also olive-cr[n$1 & ?is seems to be ! prop] symbolism ( ! subject4 ,! mess5g] ( ,god1 cr[n$ ) peace1 br+s ! olive bran* ( reconciliation betwe5 ,god & man to ! ,virg91 beside :om /&s a vase fill$ ) ! lilies :i* symbolize h] purity4 ,! dove hov]s above4 ,x has n be5 decid$ :i* arti/ 0 ! fir/ to place ! /alk ( lilies 9 ! angel ,gabriel's h&1 & fir/ _h come ! lovely symbol ( ! vase ( lilies by ! ,virg9's side4 ,b 9 ! ,annunciation1 :i* =ms "p ( ,simone ,m>t9i's polypty* 9 ! ,museum ( ,antw]p1 we f9d ! h]ald's w& j turn+ to a lily4 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,v5turi1 9 8 magnific5t ,hi/ory ( ,italian ,art1 describes x4 ,! angel #8holds a lily ) a long /em1 :i* is all :ite4 ,?us ! /ick or sceptre ( ivory1 :i* we h already se5 9 ,duccio's picture1 has become p>tly /ick1 p>tly lily-/em4 ,) ,duccio x is /ill ! sceptre ) ?ree po9ts1 t ,gabriel1 mess5g] ( ,god1 holds z sign ( au?ority4 ,b look h[ ! ?ree po9ts *ange !mselves to lily-buds1 & op5 ! corolla1 z ! ar*angel ext5ds ! c&id fl[] t[>ds ! ,virg91 :o 0 salut$ by ,david & ! ,fa!rs z 8,! lily ( ! valleys40 ,! poetry ( ,*ri/ian art ?us ov]?r[s m$ival mat]ialism & lavi%es fl[]s on fair lik5esses ( ,m>y4' ,9 ?is ,annunciation we f9d ! ?ree types ( lilies us$ 9 art--! lily gr[+ freely & naturally 9 a vase beside ! ,virg92 ! /iff lily1 half conv5tionaliz$ 9 ! angel's h&2 & ! fleurs-de-lys1 :olly conv5tional1 :i* ornam5t ! arms ( ! ,virg9's seat4 ,simone ,m>t9i di$ 9 #acdd1 & by #acei1 ! date ( its completion1 e ,flor5t9e arti/ mu/ h se5 ! wond]ful tab]nacle rais$ by ,orcagna 9 ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 & e arti/ 9 ,italy mu/ h he>d descriptions ( ! %r9e4 #8,*e passa di bellezza1 s'io b5 recolo1 ,tutti gli altri *e son d5tro del secolo4'#bbb ,on a panel ( ! ,tab]nacle !re is an ,annunciation :i* 0 ! mo/ beautiful repres5tation ( ! subject s f> giv5 to ! _w1 & ! kneel+ angel ) ! sweep+ w+s c>ries 9 8 left h& a heavy /alk ( lilium c&idum4 ,x is int]e/+ to trace ! evolution ( ! /raight smoo? /ick :i* ! angel held 9 ! e>lie/ repres5tations ( ! ,annunciation into ! natural bran* ( lilies c>ri$ by ! typical ,ann\nc+ ,angel ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,fir/ we f9d ^u ! w& ! ?ree-po9t$ fleur-de-lys1 :i* f ! days ( ! ,assyrians _h ornam5t$ ! royal sceptre4 ,! heav5ly h]ald bore a w& ornam5t$ ) ! royal symbol :5 he br\ght a message f ! ,"l ( ! ,univ]se to ! ,maid5 ( ! ,h\se ( ,david1 :o 0 to be ! ,"m ( ,8 ,son4 ,gradually ! fleur-de-lys ga9$ "s lik5ess to ! natural lily4 ,! sceptre 0 made ( ivory4 ,x 0 :ite4 ,two leaves appe>$ wrea?+ ! /ick4 ,midway 9 ! trans=mation are ! lilies c>ri$ by ! lovely *oir ( seat$ angels 9 a picture by ,gu>i5to4#bbc ,ea* angel holds 9 8 left h& an orb & 9 ! "r a /raight lily /em ) leaves gr[+ naturally up its :ole l5g?4 ,at ! top is a s+le fl[]1 :i*1 se5 9 pr(ile1 has ! %ape ( ! fleur-de-lys4 ,simone ,m>t9i indicates ! blossom's cup-l =m4 ,) ,orcagna we f9d ! fully-realiz$ /em ( lilies4 ,"o unid5tifi$ ma/] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury#bbd w5t ev5 fur!r 9 botanical fidelity1 & pa9ts ! bulb & p5d5t rootlets1 ?\gh1 /rangely en\gh1 he at ! same "t keeps to ! old conv5tion & places a scroll 9 ! h& ( bo? ,madonna & angel4 ,mean:ile1 9 #acdd1 ,ambrogio di ,lor5zetti _h pa9t$ an ,annunciation#bbe 9 :i* ! angel1 cr[n$ ) olive1 holds ! palm bran* ) :i* ! anci5t ,romans 7 accu/om$ to salute a conqu]or4 ,! symbol ( ! palm 0 us$ also by ,sp9ello ,aret9o1#bbf a pupil ( ,giotto1 & 0 support$ by ,dante1 :o describes ! angel ,gabriel z3 #8,he t bore ! palm ,d[n unto ,m>y1 :5 ! ,son ( ,god ,v\*saf$ to clo! ,him 9 t]re/rial we$s4' ,b x did n come into g5]al use 9 ?is connection1 & *iefly = ! reason t ! palm became consecrat$ to repres5tations ( ! la/ sc5es ( ! ,virg9's life4 ,! ,leg5da ,aurea1 :5 rec\nt+ h[ ! angel ,gabriel ann\nc$ to ! ,virg9 h] approa*+ dea?1 /ates3 #8,he 7,gabriel7 gave h] a bran* ( palm f ,p>adise1 :i* he comm&$ %\ld be borne be=e h] bi]4' ,! palm 01 !re=e1 a necess>y detail 9 ?is sc5e1 & x 0 probably to avoid confusion betwe5 ^! two sep>ate appe>ances ( ! angel to ! ,virg9 t ! palm has be5 res]v$ entirely = ! la/ ,annunciation4 ,! religi\s s5tim5t ( ! age =bade ! portrayal ( any sign ( decrepitude 9 ! ,virg9 ev5 at ! h\r ( h] dea?1 & except = ! sub/itution ( ! palm = ! lily & ! rev]sal ( ! usual places ( ! figures1 ! ,virg9 be+ plac$ on ! left & ! angel on ! "r1 x w\ld be difficult to di/+ui% ! sc5e :]e ! ,virg9 receives ! news ( h] approa*+ dea?1 f t 9 :i* h] approa*+ mo!rhood is ann\nc$ to h]4 ,x became ! g5]al rule1 !n1 = ,gabriel1 z ! angel ( ! ,annunciation ( ! ,savi\r's bir?1 to c>ry a lily4 ,b ! rule 0 n inv>iable4 ,! e>ly ,flemi% arti/s1 half pa9t]s1 half craftsm51 lov$ to depict ! delicately-*isell$ gold ( jewell$ sceptres topp$ by an elaborate fleur-de-lys or ! cross-surm\nt$ orb :i* signifi$ ! sov]eignty ( ,*ri/ ^u e>?4 ,^! preci\s sceptres accord$ well ) ! opul5t & prosaic com=t ( ! surr\nd+s 9 :i* !y set ! sacr$ drama1 & reflect ! _s ( ! ,nor!rn my/ics4 ,! cle> detail$ visions ( ,sa9t ,matilda1 ! inspir$ nun ( ,saxony1 :i* occurr$ dur+ ! la/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ^: imag]y has di/9ctly influ5c$ ,nor!rn religi\s art1 fairly sc9tillate ) my/ical gems4 ,ev5 ! roses & ! lilies1 symbols1 %e tells u1 ( div9e love & innoc5ce1 :i* %e saw 9 h] glimpses ( ,heav51 7 embroid]$ 9 gold & silv] ?read ^u ri* /uffs or clo? ( gold4 ,italian art _h diff]5t traditions4 ,x began ) ! utt] simplicity ( ,giotto & ,fra ,angelico1 ?\gh ! ,byzant9e love ( ri* trapp+s /ill l+]$ 9 ,si5a4 ,z ,flor5t9e art progress$ x did inde$ become m elaborate1 till its incl9ation to magnific5ce 0 sev]ely *eck$ by ,savon>ola1 ^: influ5ce on art has usually be5 wrongly e/imat$4 ,he 0 no bl9d iconocla/1 ?\gh )\t d\bt objects ( great arti/ic wor? 7 burnt 9 8 fam\s holocau/ ( #8vanities1' :i* f9i%$ ! ,c>nival ( #adig4 ,on ! contr>y1 z ,s5ator ,pasquale ,vill>i po9ts out1 he 0 always surr\nd$ by ! be/ arti/s ( 8 c5tury4 ,fra ,b>tolommeo1 = f\r ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 did n t\* a bru%1 su* 0 8 grief4 ,! ,della ,robbias 7 devot$ to him2 two receiv$ ! habit f 8 h&s4 ,lor5zo di ,cr$i 0 8 p>tisan2 ,cronaca #8w\ld speak ( no?+ b ! ?+s ( ,savon>ola4' ,botticelli illu/rat$ 8 works1 & ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 a mo/ con/ant li/5] to 8 prea*+4 ,he spoke pla9ly to ! pa9t]s f 8 pulpit4 ,! beauty ( ! ,div9ity1 ( ! ,virg9 & ! ,sa9ts 0 ! beauty ( hol9ess1 n ( outw>d adornm5t ( f9e raim5t1 gold & jewels1 & #8! beauty ( man or woman 9 s f> z x approa*es to ! primal beauty1 s is x great & m p]fect4'#bbg ,we read ( ! ,virg9 t by h] great beauty ! m5 :o saw h] 7 a/oni%$ 7/upefatti74 444 #8,d y believe t %e w5t ab\t 9 ! mann] 9 :i* y pa9t h]8 ,i say to y t %e w5t dress$ z a poor woman6'#bbh ,b he :o taught = *oice b5ea? ! damask rose 9 ! c5tre ( 8 cloi/] admitt$ roses & lilies :]e he d5\nc$ rubies & pe>ls4 ,fl[]s alone surviv$ z emblems or z votive decoration ev5 aft] ! puritanical curr5t t[>ds ! ideal set 9 motion by ! great ,dom9ican became m]g$ 9 ! ov]-sweep+ wave ( classicism--& ev5 ^? late arti/s :o disp5s$ ) e o!r conv5tion = ! expression ( ! ab/ract1 plac$ a lily 9 ! angel ,gabriel's h&4 ,mod]n art has adopt$ ! tradition & 9 ! #8,ecce ,ancilla ,dom9i' ( ,rossetti#bbi ! w+less angel c>ries a /alk ( lilies4 ,!re is also a :ite lily embroid]$ ^u ! /rip ( mat]ial :i* is /ret*$ ^u an embroid]y frame at ! foot ( ,m>y's b$4 ,! angel br+s ! lily to ! ,virg9 9 recognition ( h] p]fect purity1 ! transc5d5t quality by :i* alone %e f\nd fav\r ) ,god4 ,?r\gh x trem5d\s hon\r came ^u h]1 & by ! m>vell\s nature ( t hon\r %e 0 et]nally b\nd to h] virg9ity4 #8,m>y ,virg91 ev] a ,virg94' ,9 a v *>m+ picture by ,filippo ,lippi1#bcj ,m>y1 ) b5t head1 & fully und]/&+ ! grave significance ( ! gift1 rev]5tly accepts ! lily :i* ! angel ,gabriel places 9 h] h&4 ,9 ano!r ,annunciation by ,filippo ,lippi1#bca a second angel1 peep+ ?r\gh ! entry beh9d ,gabriel1 also c>ries a lily1 b x is a fancy :i* seems to h no p>ticul> significance & r impairs ! dignity ( ! subject4 ,s con/antly did pa9t]s & sculptors ( ! ,annunciation place a lily 9 ! ar*angel ,gabriel's h& t x gradually became 8 special attribute1 :i* he wore1 z a knight did 8 cre/1 to di/+ui% him f o!r angels & ar*angels4 ,9 ! apocryphal ,book ( ,tobit is ! /ory ( ,tobias1 :o 0 accompani$ by ! angel ,raphael on ! fam\s j\rney :i* he took to recov] 8 fa!r's money1 a j\rney 9 :i* he n only caught ! fi% ^: gall 0 to cure 8 fa!r's bl9dness1 b also f\nd a wife4 ,x is ! only subject f ! ,apocrypha :i* n[ decorates ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 & owes ?is grace to ! =ce ) :i* ! /ory1 despite its fanta/ic details1 illu/rates ! con/ant wat*fulness ( ,heav5 ov] ^? /ill on _! e>?ly pilgrimage4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury x 0 a fav\rite subject = a votive picture on behalf ( "o ab\t to take a j\rney4 ,! "y man1 r helpless 9 8 y\? & inexp]i5ce1 protect$ by ! /rong1 wise gu>dian angel1 0 a gr\p pa9t$ ) ! greate/ pleasure1 & ! fasc9ation ( ideal1 sexless beauty1 ( curv$1 sweep+ w+s1 tempt$ to an amplification ( ! subject1 & ?\gh ! ,book ( ,tobit m5tions "o ar*angel only-- #8444 ,! affable ar*angel ,raphael2 ! sociable _s t deign'd ,to travel ) ,tobias1 & secur$ ,8 m>riage ) ! sev5-times w$d$ maid--'#bcb !re sudd5ly sprang up 9 ,flor5ce a %ort-liv$ fa%ion = depict+ ,tobias ) ?ree ar*angels4 ,!re are two ( ^! pictures 9 ,flor5ce2#bcc o!rs at ,v]ona1#bcd ,tur9#bce & ,muni*4#bcf ,9 ea* ,mi*ael is arm$1 ,raphael grasps ,tobias by ! h&1 & ,gabriel c>ries a bran* ( lilies4 ,b ! f\r figures 9 a r[ make an awkw>d composition1 & /iffness is avoid$ at ! exp5se ( dignity4 ,a m9c+ angel1 too consci\s ( 8 pretty w+s & da9tily-held lily1 is ! ,gabriel ( ! be/ kn[n ( ^! pictures1 attribut$ ( late ye>s to ,bottic9i4 ,illu/ration3 ,jrg ,brue ,,! ,,columb9e ,,( ,,! ,,sev5 ,,gifts 7,b]l97 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ma/] ( ,flmalle ,photo ,hanf/ngl ,,sa9t ,,b>b>a ,,) ,,! ,,royal ,,lily 7,prado7 ,! lily is1 ( c\rse1 "h us$ non-symbolically1 m]ely to di/+ui% "o ar*angel f ano!r1 & = ! same reason t ,mi*ael is giv5 ! sword & frequ5tly ! scales = ! weigh+ ( s\ls1 ,raphael ! travell]'s /aff & g\rd1 or1 :5 ) ,tobias1 a small box4 ,! angel ,gabriel's prim>y function is to be ! h]ald ( ,god1 z x is ,mi*ael's to lead ! ho/s ( ,heav51 & ,raphael's to guide ! /ray+4 ,!re=e ,gabriel c>ries ! h]ald's w&1 n[ develop$ to a lily1 ,mi*ael ! sword1 & ,raphael ! /aff4 ,?us ,gabriel1 :5 9 company ) o!r ar*angels & angels1 c>ries ! lily to e/abli% 8 id5tity1 b :]e1 z 9 a ,coronation#bcg or an ,en?ron$ ,madonna1 he /&s ) ,sa9t ,mi*ael gu>d+ ! ?rone1 he usually holds also a scroll ) #8,,ave ,,m>ia' ^u x1 %[+ t ! ma9 function ( ! lily is to proclaim ! spotlessness ( ! ,virg94 ,a r *>m+ treatm5t ( ! ,annunciation lily1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,g]many1 is to /rew ! lily heads ^u ! floor4 ,!y !n h ! appe>ance ( hav+ fall5 f ,heav5 9 a %[]1 l ^? fall+ roses1 symbols ( div9e love1 :i* 7 s (t5 pa9t$ by ! arti/s ( ,italy & ,spa94 #8,! ,ma/] ( ! ,/]z+] ,alt>'#bch introduces sev5 ( ^! lily blooms & buds1 snapp$ (f %ort1 & ) only an in* or two ( /alk1 into 8 f9e ,annunciation pa9t$ 9 #adeh1 &1 satisfi$ ) ^!1 he uses lilies nei!r 9 a vase nor 9 ! angel's h&4 ,o!r arti/s ( 8 day lik$ ! fancy well1 b wi%$ to keep ! my/ic vase1 s1 to avoid d\bl+ ! symbol1 !y turn$ ! fall5 fl[]s to roses1 or roses & c>nations1 symbols ( ! div9e fav\r :i* _h fall5 ^u ! maid4 ,x 0 a graceful exposition ( ! und]ly+ mean+ ( ! sc5e1 symbolically "r & delightful 9 pictorial effect4 ,,xvi ,,! ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,! ,,div9ity ,! only gr[+ ?+ :i* is us$ to repres5t ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity is ! trefoil or %amrock4 ,sa9t ,patrick is said to h pluck$ f ! gr\nd a leaf ( %amrock & by x illu/rat$ to ! hea!n ,iri% ! my/]y ( ! ,triune ,godhead4 ,ar*itectural details1 & m especially w9d[s1 bas$ ^u ! trefoil's =m1 are common 9 ,go?ic *ur*es4 ,9 pictorial art x is r unusual z an emblem1 b ,mi*ael ,angelo1 :o s r>ely us$ symbolical detail1 pa9ts ! triple-leav$ plant & no o!r leaf or fl[] 9 ! =egr\nd ( 8 ,holy ,family4#bci ,b ?\gh ! trefoil is ! only direct floral emblem ( ! ,tr9ity1 di/9ct ref]5ce to x is (t5 f\nd 9 ! triple gr\p+ ( ! fl[]s :i* are ! attributes ( ! ,savi\r4 ,= in/ance1 ! ?ree c>nations ( div9e love 9 ! cry/al vase be=e ! ,infant ,*ri/ 9 ,hugo van d] ,goes' #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds'2#bdj ! ?ree lilies 7"o 9 bud7 :i* ! angel holds 9 ,crivelli's #8,annunciation'2#bda & ! ?ree irises 9 ! ,annunciation ( ,pesello4#bdb ,!re is no plant or fl[] us$ z ! emblem ( ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,f "t to "t ! ,hebrew metaphor ( ! ,burn+ ,bu% has be5 us$ pictorially to indicate ,8 pres5ce2 b z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury ?is image 0 appropriat$ to express ! purity ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 envelop$ b n consum$ by ! div9e love4 ,9 ! ,catacombs & on _m m$ival crucifixes ! ,p]son ( ,god ! ,fa!r is indicat$ by a h& issu+ f ! cl\ds & hold+ a wrea? ( laurel1 palm or olive4 ,b ! wrea? 9 ?is case is n ! attribute ( ! ,div9e ,fa!r1 b ! attribute ( him above ^: head ! wrea? is held4 ,9 ! ,catacombs x is ! m>tyr's cr[n2 on ! crucifix x is ,*ri/'s cr[n ( victory ov] s94 ,z already m5tion$1 ! lily ( purity & ! olive bran* ( peace are occasionally us$ z ! attributes ( ,god ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,z ,8 direct emblem ! dove only is employ$1 s9ce ,scripture /ates t ,he desc5d$ 9 #8! =m ( a dove4' ,sometimes 9 ,fr5* manuscripts ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ,he is repres5t$ 9 human =m1 b su* repres5tations are seldom f\nd else:]e4 ,poetry & art h enwrea!d ! entire life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) fl[]s4 #8,! ,annunciation 0 ! fe/ival ( e>ly spr+4 ,*ri/1 ^: bir? 0 =etold by ,gabriel1 0 a fl[] t blossom$ f ! /em ( ,jesse2 ,8 ,"m1 to :om ! imag]y ( ! ,song ( ,solomon 0 appli$1 0 a fl[] ( ! fields & a 8lily ( ! valley40 ,& ! place :]e ! ,annunciation occurr$ _h a "n1 ,naz>e?1 :i* 9 ,hebrew1 accord+ to an old b incorrect int]pretation1 means fl[]4 ,su* a meet+ ( associations 0 naturally n left unutiliz$ by ! !ological au?ors4 ,x 0 (t5 set =? 9 s]mons h[ ! promise ( ! bir? ( ,god z man 0 connect$ ) ! spr+'s promise ( fl[]s & fruit4 ,s4 ,b]n>d 9 p>ticul> work$ out ! fl[] symbolism ( ! ,annunciation 9 poetic & +5i\s conceits4 ,! fl[]1 he said1 _h be5 will+1 at ! "t ( fl[]+1 to be born ( a fl[] 9 a fl[]--i4e41 ,jesus p]mitt$ ,himself to be ann\nc$ to ,m>y at ,naz>e? 9 ! spr+3 8,flos nasci voluit de flore1 9 flore1 et floris tempore40'#bdc ,s we f9d a /em ( lilies or a vase ( fl[]s z ! symbol ( ,8 miracul\s bir?1 & on ! morn+ ( ,8 nativity rejoic+ angels c>ri$ olive bran*es z !y sang ( peace on e>? & goodwill t[>ds m54 ,a helpless ,infant1 ,he lay ^u ! gr\nd to receive ! ,adoration ( ,8 ,"m & ( angels1 among roses ( love & lilies ( purity1 or 9 grass ?ick ) ! daisies1 violets & /rawb]ries :i* told ( ,8 innoc5ce1 humility & righte\sness4 ,z a boy1 gr[+ p]haps to a consci\sness ( ,8 mission1 9 ,spa9 ,he is f\nd ) ?orny roses1 w\nd+ ,himself sometimes ) ! ?orns ( grief & suff]+ spr++ f ,8 div9e love itself4 ,e>ly devotional art left ,*ri/'s life ) its miracles & p>ables & pass$ to ,8 ,passion4 ,= ! entry into ,j]usalem !re is ! palm ( victory & ! olive bran* ( peace4 ,9 ! ,ecce ,homo ,he we>s ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns1 & ! re$ z a sceptre is plac$ 9 ,8 h&4 ,= ! ,crucifixion ,signorelli pa9t$ bel[ ! ,cross _m pleasant fl[]s1 among :i* are noticeable ! violet & daisy4 ,b ! ,nor!rn s*ools res]v$ = ?is sc5e ! bitt] h]bs & fl[]s1 ! will[1 d&elion & ?i/le4 ,^! we$s1 c>efully *os5 & pa9t$ ) m>vell\s m9ut5ess1 fill ! =egr\nd 9 ! ,crucifixion by an unnam$ ,g]man ma/] 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,9 ! la/ sc5es ( all ( ! div9e trag$y !re is no symbol b ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns1 & to ! ,resurrection no fl[] is specially d$icat$4 ,b 9 ! ,?omas ,alt>1#bdd by ! ,ma/] ( ! ,b>?olomew ,alt>1 ! newly-ris5 ,*ri/ is %[n1 & r\nd ,8 feet1 ^u ! m>ble /ep1 are ly+ blossoms ( violets & daisies & sev5 heads ( ! holy columb9e4 ,! passion fl[] does n appe> 9 art be=e ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x 0 unkn[n 9 ,europe be=e ! ,spani% conque/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & x is said t :5 ! ,jesuits br\ght home reports ( ! miracul\s fl[] be>+ ! insignia ( ! ,passion1 :i* grew f tree to tree 9 ! =e/s ( ! new l&1 _! tale 0 fir/ receiv$ z a pi\s inv5tion4 ,b ! plant itself at l5g? arriv$1 & e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury ,francesco ,trevisani pa9t$ a delightful little picture#bde less notic$ ?an x des]ves to be4 ,! ,virg91 :o is v sweet & g5tle1 bo? 9 pose & expression1 sits sew+ beside a table on :i* is a vase ( roses & lilies4 ,! little ,*ri/1 :o has app>5tly j run 9 f ! g>d51 po9ts out to ,8 ,"m1 ) a mo/ *ildlike ge/ure1 ! little ?orny cr[n ^u ! passion fl[] :i* ,he holds 9 ,8 h&4 ,! picture1 :i* is n unlike ! "w ( ,&rea del ,s>to 9 m9iature1 is wond]fully attractive4 ,,xvii ,,! ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,!re 7 _m fl[]s us$ by ! e>ly writ]s z similes ( ! ,virg94 #8,?\ art ! myrtle & ! bloom+ rose ( ,p>adise1 ,?\ art ! fairness ( heav51 & ,! fea/-day ( our he>ts1' wrote ,sa9t ,petrus ,damiani 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 ,sa9t ,b]n>d we read3 #8,m>y is ! violet ( humility1 ! lily ( *a/ity & ! rose ( *>ity4' ,conrad von ,wrtzburg comp>es h] to ! balsam ( pure/ p]fume1 ! faire/ among fl[]s1 ! c$> ( ,lebanon1 ! cypress ( ,zion1 f5nel & m9t1 ! :ite lily1 ! e>ly fl[]+ almond1 ! heal+ m&rake1 ! musk-fl[]1 ! ev]gre5 myrtle1 ! l[ n>d1 ! ?ornless rose 9 ! dew ( heav51 ! noble frank9c5se & ! hidd5 violet1 & fur!r addresses h] z #8,a liv+ ,p>adise ,( gr&ly col\r$ fl[]s4'#bdf ,b ?\gh poets1 & p>ticul>ly ,g]man poets1 rang$ widely ?r\gh ! fields 9 _! se>* = blossoms :i* by _! beauty or by _! heal+ virtues 7 fit to symbolize ! ,virg91 ! e>ly arti/s pa9t$ v few4 ,9 ^? my/ical ,enclos$ ,g>d5s :i* s *>m$ ! ,g]mans ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 only a few plants appe>4 ,! lily1 :i* is (t5 ! lily ( ! valley1 ! rose1 ! violet1 & ! /rawb]ry1 are ! mo/ usual4 ,lat] ! iris1 ! royal lily1 0 add$1 & sometimes ! sev5-blossom$ columb9e4 ,occasionally 9 ,italy ! jasm9e & ! daisy are also f\nd 9 ! vase beside h]1 b all o!r fl[]s ( ! g>d5 & field1 ! tulip1 anemone1 ranunculus1 primrose1 daffodil1 dahlia1 etc41 7 rigidly exclud$4 ,x w be notic$ t1 ) ! exception ( ! rose1 all ! fl[]s ( ! ,virg9 are :ite or blue1 h] own col\rs4 ,an exception1 :i* is unique1 is ! gold5 sunfl[] spr++ f h] halo on a twelf?-c5tury w9d[ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/ ,rmi at ,reims1 & ev5 t is n exclusively h]s1 s9ce ,sa9t ,john1 on ! o!r side1 be>s ! same fl[]4 ,:ite & blue are ! two col\rs :i* are held mo/ sacr$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,:ite1 symbol ( ! ,supreme ,be+ & ( ! ,et]nal ,tru?1 is us$ 9 ! ornam5ts = ! fea/ ( ,our ,"l & ( ! ,virg91 = x ann\nces lov+-k9dness1 virg9ity & *>ity4#bdg ,blue is ! symbol ( *a/ity1 innoc5ce & c&\r4 ,only "o yell[ fl[] is us$ symbolically1 & t only 9 sc5es f ! ,passion1 by arti/s ( ! e>ly ,flemi% & ,g]man s*ools4 ,x is ! d&elion1 & its significance is1 app>5tly1 bitt]ness ( grief4 ,! :ite lily1 :i* symbolizes purity1 is f\nd *iefly 9 pictures ( ! ,annunciation1 b x has be5 introduc$ 9 _m o!r sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! fir/ exhibit$ pa9t+ by ,rossetti1 entitl$ #8,! ,girlhood ( ,m>y ,virg91'#bdh ! ,virg91 9 grey robes1 is seat$ at a curi\sly-%ap$ frame embroid]+ a :ite lily ^u a gr\nd ( r$ mat]ial4 ,! fl[] %e is copy+ gr[s 9 a vase beside h] & an angel ) rose-col\r$ w+s wat]s x4 ,/ ,anne /&s ne>1 & 9 ! backgr\nd ,joa*im trims a trellis$ v9e ^u :i* ! ,holy ,dove is p]*$4 ,9 ! #8,ecce ,ancilla ,dom9i'#bdi ( ,rossetti1 ?is same /rip ( embroid]y1 n[ f9i%$1 hangs beside ! b$4 ,! old] arti/s pa9t no lily 9 ! e>ly sc5es ( ! ,virg9's life2 x fir/ appe>s at ! ,annunciation1 :]e x 0 us$ s repeat$ly t x became 9 itself ! symbol ( ! miracul\s bir? ( ,our ,"l4 ,giotto br+s x =w>d 9 ! #8,visitation4'#bej ,elizabe?1 hurry+ f ! h\se to meet ! ,virg91 passes b5ea? a portico on :i* blooms a l>ge vase ( lilies4 ,!re are endless pictures repres5t+ ! ,virg9 seat$ ) ! ,holy ,*ild1 9 :i* a vase ( lilies is plac$ z a votive (f]+ be=e h] feet1 or lilies are held by att5dant angels4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! pictures is ! #8,en?ron$ ,madonna'#bea ( ,giotto4 ,two angels (f] gold5 vases fill$ ) lilies & roses4 ,! angels h se>*$ ,p>adise = its mo/ preci\s fl[]s & h *os5 ^? :i* symbolize purity & div9e love4 ,z ! symbol ( div9e love ! roses are v appropriately mix$ ) ! lilies 9 ! vase :i* ,ghirl&aio#beb places on ! l[e/ /ep ( ! ,madonna's ?rone4 ,he has also add$ ! />ry wild :ite campion :i* closely resembles jasm9e1 a fl[] nev] def9itely accord$ to ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 by ! symboli/s ( ! ,*ur*1 b its cle> />like =m br++ to m9d bo? h] title ,/ella ,m>is & ! />ry cr[n describ$ by ,sa9t ,john1 pa9t]s frequ5tly use x1 & :ite fl[]s ( ! same %ape1 z h] attribute4 ,b ! appe>ance ( ! jasm9e 9 ! ,madonna pictures may 9 "p be ow+ to "s confusion betwe5 ! jasm9e & ! myrtle1 = ! latt] 0 q def9itely "o ( ! ,virg9's fl[]s & is ev5 us$ :5 address+ h] 9 metaphor4 #8,o myrtle tree ( ,p>adise ,s ri*ly hung ) fruit4'#bec ,dr ,anselm ,saltz]1 ,o4,s4,b41 writes3 #8,! ,greeks & ,romans held ! myrtle to be ! symbol ( beauty1 y\? & m>riage1 because ( its delightful p]fume1 its ev]gre5 leaves1 :ite blossoms & aromatic b]ries4 ,9 connection ) ,m>y1 ! myrtle s]ves z a figure ( h] purity & o!r virtues z well z ( h] influ5ce ov] ! unruly impulses ( ! human s\l4'#bed ,francesco ,franciabigio#bee places a vase ( s+le :ite roses at ! ,virg9's feet4 ,d\ble roses1 p9k or r$1 are ! symbol ( div9e love1 ! love ( ,*ri/ = ,8 ,*ur* ^u e>?1 & ! :ite s+le roses might be ! symbol ( ! passionless love ( ! #8,mat] ,consolatrix4' ,^! fl[]s1 plac$ 9 vases be=e ! ,virg91 are usually significant & appropriate1 b !y are really m votive ?an symbolical4 ,! ,lat9s _h br\ght to ! %r9e ( ,v5us ! myrtle & roses1 ! apples & poppies t 7 sacr$ to h]1 & pa9t]s ( ,c5tral ,italy 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 ) ! same desire to pres5t & sacrifice to _! ,lady ! fl[]s :i* 7 by association peculi>ly h]s1 pa9t$ roses & lilies c>efully & beautifully 9 ! =egr\nd ( h] pictures4 ,x 0 _! gift to ! ,madonna1 z ! pap] roses on s _m mod]n alt>s & ! wild fl[]s on ! wayside %r9es are also gifts4 ,9 ,nor!rn ,italy1 p>ticul>ly among ^? :o /udi$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,squ>cione1 fruit took ! place ( ! votive fl[]s1 & is laid be=e ! ,madonna & ! ,*ild1 or hung 9 g>l&s across ! upp] "p ( ! picture4 ,! pa9t]s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 9 spite ( dilig5t classical /udy1 7 probably q unconsci\s ( ?is survival ( paganism 9 _! "w4 ,b ! anci5t traditions ( ! soil did crop up f "t to "t1 9 ! same way t traces ( ! ,norse conception ( ,heav5 z a magnific5t big-game hunt appe> occasionally b5ea? ! symbolism ( ,*ri/ian m$ival art 9 ,g]many4 ,nor? ( ! ,alps1 :]e ! pre-,*ri/ian sacrifices _h usually run ) blood1 !re 0 no inh]it$ love ( floral (f]+s1 & we seldom f9d ^! votive vases or wrea?s4 ,! ,madonna attribut$ to ,mabuse 9 ! ,prado has a l>ge vase ( roses plac$ directly bel[ h]1 b z a rule 9 ,nor!rn art ! fl[]s are introduc$ /rictly z symbols to recall "s aspect or function ( ! ,virg9 or ( h] ,div9e ,son4 ,9 an #8,adoration' ! surr\nd+ angels br+ _! roses & _! lilies 9 tribute to ! s9less ,*ild4 ,z ,sa9t ,mectilda says3 #8,! lily figures ,8 innoc5ce & ! rose ,8 inv9cible pati5ce4'#bef ,:]e ! ,virg9 is seat$ en?ron$1 surr\nd$ by sa9ts & angels1 ev5 ?\gh ! ,holy ,*ild is ^u h] knee1 all symbols except t :i* ! ,*ild holds 9 ,8 h& ref] aga9 to h]4 ,x is r>e1 h[ev]1 t1 :5 hold+ ! ,*ild1 %e c>ries h] own attribute h]self4 ,usually ! symbols1 fl[]s or fruit1 are held by angels or laid beside h] ?rone1 b 9 ! l>ge #8,en?ron$ ,madonna' ( ,signorelli1#beg a pa9t] :o %[$ "s orig9ality 9 8 use ( symbols1 ,m>y encircles ! ,*ild ) h] "r arm & 9 h] left h& holds a h&some /alk ( lilies4 ,t ! fl[] ref]s to ! wond] ( h] own purity 9 conjunction ) h] mo!rhood1 & n to ! ,*ild's s9lessness1 is prov$ by ! words on ! scroll ( ! ,prophet ,isaiah1 :o /&s bel[ gaz+ up at h] ) rapture3 #8,behold a ,virg9 %all conceive & be> a ,son4' ,vas>i says ( ?is "w3#beh #8,9 8 old age he pa9t$ a picture = ! bro!rhood ( ,san ,girolamo 9 ,arezzo1 p>tly at ! co/ ( ,mess] ,niccol ,gamurr9i1 doctor ( laws1 & auditor ( ! ,ruota1 ^: portrait1 tak5 f life1 is 9 ! picture2 he is kneel+ be=e ! ,madonna1 to ^: protection he is recomm5d$ by ,sa9t ,ni*olas4 ,9 ! same "w are figures ( ,sa9t ,donatus & ,sa9t ,/eph51 ) t ( ,sa9t ,j]ome1 undrap$1 b5ea?2 !re is likewise a figure ( ,david s++ to a psalt]y ) two prophets :o are se51 by ! writt5 scrolls :i* !y hold 9 _! h&s1 to be engag$ 9 a conf]5ce on ! conception ( ! ,virg94' ,9 ano!r alt>-piece by ,signorelli#bei x is ! ,infant ,*ri/ :o c>ries ! lily1 ! symbol ( ,8 own s9lessness4 ,9 ?is picture all ! symbolism ref]s to ! ,holy ,*ild1 n to ! ,virg91 :i* is unusual 9 an #8,en?ron$ ,madonna4' ,b ! scroll ^u ! cross ( ! ,bapti/1 ) ! words #8,ecce ,agnus ,dei1' directs ! devotion ( ! wor%ipp] to ! ,son4 ,9 /ill ano!r ( ,signorelli's compositions#bfj ! ar*angel ,mi*ael /&s on "o side ( ! ,madonna's ?rone ) 8 scales = ! weigh+ ( s\ls1 & ,gabriel ^u ! o!r side ) a l>ge /alk ( lilies4 ,! latt] c>ries ! lilies1 n m]ely z 8 own attribute1 to d5ote t he is ,gabriel1 b also 9 greet+ to ! ,madonna1 = 9 8 o!r h& he holds a scroll ) ! words1 #8,ave ,m>ia1 gratia pl5a4' ,!re is a ,madonna & ,*ild by ,fra ,angelico1#bfa :]e ! ,virg91 ^: features are m /rongly m>k$ ?an is usual ) ! ,ma/]1 holds 9 h] "r h& a vase 9 :i* are ?ree roses & a /em ( lilies4 ,h] left arm is r\nd ! ,*ild1 ^: little h& grasps a s+le lily cup4 ,! composition is n pleas+1 = ! ,"m is emb>rass$ & encumb]$ by ! great vase2 also ! symbolism is n v cle>1 b app>5tly ! roses & ! lily 9 ! vase are ! attributes ( ,m>y1 :ile ! fl[] 9 ,8 h& ref]s to ! ,holy ,*ild4 ,!re are v few fl[]s :i* are plac$ )9 ! h& ( ! ,madonna4 ,9 ,italy %e sometimes holds ! lilium c&idum ( ! virg9 sa9ts 9 h] "* ( ,que5 ( ,virg9s4 ,9 ,g]many & ! ,tyrol ! l>ge :ite lily is replac$ by ! native lily-(-!-valley2 & 9 ! #8,madonna ) ! ,sisk9'#bfb ( ,alb]t ,dr] %e accepts "s sprays ( ! sweet-sc5t$ :ite bells f ! h& ( ! t9y ,sa9t ,john4 ,9 _m pictures %e holds a rose4 ,ap>t f symbolism1 a fl[] 0 a fitt+ ?+ to grace a woman's h&1 & ! rose 0 consid]$ ! faire/ ( fl[]s4 #8,z ! rose is ! fl[] ( fl[]s1 ,s is ,?y ,h\se ! ,h\se ( ,h\ses1' says ! anci5t inscription )9 ,york ,m9/]1 & ! rose 0 ! fl[] p> excell5ce 9 e ,european c\ntry4 ,b :5 ,m>y places ! rose )9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,savi\r1 !n x becomes ,8 attribute ) ! full significance ( div9e love1 & :5 %e places a c>nation betwe5 ! little f+]s1 div9e love is aga9 express$4 ,b1 z already notic$1 9 pictures ( ,flor5t9e orig91 ! rose 9 ! ,virg9's h& has a special mean+1 = x illu/rates h] title ( #8,madonna del ,fiori1' & ! ,ca!dral ( ,flor5ce 0 d$icat$ to #8,our ,lady ( ! ,fl[]4' ,also 9 pictures pa9t$ = "s *>itable in/itution ! rose or roses ( ! ,virg9 h /ill ano!r mean+1 = !n1 foll[+ ! int]pretation ( ,raban ,maur1 !y are ! symbol ( *>ity4 ,"o picture ) su* roses is t pa9t$ by ,giambono = ! ,congregazione di ,c>it at ,fano4 ,t ^! roses are 9 no way ! attribute ( ! ,*ild is %[n by ,8 attitude1 = ,8 back is turn$ to ! h& :i* holds ! fl[]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ?+s 9 ! beautiful city ( ,lucca is ! little *apel ( ,santa ,m>ia della ,rosa4 ,x 0 orig9ally d$icat$ to ,sa9t ,paul & fell into disuse1 b 9 ! v e>lie/ ye>s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury a fresco 0 discov]$ b5ea? ! creep]s :i* cov]$ ! walls4 ,! fresco 0 ev5 !n consid]$ to be extremely anci5t1 & repres5t$ ! ,virg9 ) ! ,*ild & hold+ ?ree roses 9 h] h&4 ,9 #acji ! ,bi%op ( ,lucca conc$$ to ! ,univ]sit de' ,m]canti ! p[] to erect on ! spot a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ( ! ,rose & ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 & ! pres5t exquisite little build+ 0 comm5c$4 ,! outside is ornam5t$ ) lovely arabesques ( roses 9 l[ relief execut$ 9 #accc1 & ^u "o angle is a /atue ( ! ,virg9 ) a rose 9 h] h&1 possibly by ,giovanni ,pisano4 ,9 ! sacri/ry are ! arms ( ! confrat]nity figur+ ,m>y surr\nd$ by an oval nimbus & support$ by two bu%es1 :i* c>ry ?irte5 roses1 & =m a cr[n f :i* rise patri>*s & prophets4 ,! orig9al fresco has disappe>$4 ,v r>ely ! ,virg9 holds a violet4 ,! fl[] is us$ 9 ,*ri/ian art almo/ exclusively to indicate ! humility ( ! ,son ( ,god 9 tak+ ^u ,himself our human =m1 & 9 ! beautiful alt>-piece by ,/eph5 ,lo*n>#bfc ! ,savi\r /ret*es up ,8 t9y h& to grasp ! violet held by ,m>y1 s mak+ x ,8 individual attribute4 ,! panel is ri* 9 col\r+1 b ,m>y is ( ! simple1 placid type ( ! e>ly ,g]man s*ool4 ,%e is gravely1 deeply happy 9 h] mo!rhood1 & n sadd5$1 z 9 ,italy1 by pa9ful =ebod+s4 ,! ,*ild rea*es up ,8 h& ) a pretty ge/ure1 accept+ f h]1 :o _h giv5 ,him ,8 t5d] little body1 also ! violet1 symbol ( ,8 humility4 ,9 a picture by ,brud] ,wilhelm#bfd ! ,virg9 holds a sweet-pea1 be>+ bo? ! fl[] & rip5$ pods4 ,! symbolism ( ! pea is obscure & is n to be trac$ 9 ,*ri/ian iconography1 ?\gh !re is ! leg5d ( ! erbilia1 a species ( pea :i*1 spr++ fir/ f ! foot/eps ( ,sa9t ,columban1 /ill gr[s ^u ! ,tuscan m\nta9s4 ,possibly ! symbolism may lie 9 ! simultane\s fl[]+ & fruit+ ( ! pea1 = ! palm 0 held by "s writ]s to be an emblem ( ! ,virg91 & = ! reason t #8x fl[]$ & fruit$ at "o & ! same "t4'#bfe ,!re are ?ree subjects1 all connect$ ) ! ,virg9's dea?1 :]e lilies are once m f\nd4 ,!y are h] ,asc5sion1 ! ,giv+ ( h] ,girdle to ,sa9t ,?omas1 & h] ,coronation4 ,9 ea* ( ^! ! fl[]-fill$ tomb1 f :i* %e has j aris51 is introduc$1 usually z ! base ( ! composition4 ,b ! lilies 9 ^! pictures d n ref] to ! immaculate purity ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 b repres5t ! s\ls ( #8angels1 confessors & virg9s4' ,! leg5ds :i* ! ,leg5da ,aurea conta9s 7 collect$ by ,jacobus de ,vorag9e dur+ ! la/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :ile ! lily 0 /ill ! fl[] ( virg9 m>tyrs & 0 n yet ! ,madonna's lily4 ,he gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! burial ( ! ,virg93 #8,! ,"l comm&$ ! ,apo/les t !y %\ld c>ry ! body into ! valley ( ,jeho%aphat & place x 9 a new tomb t _h be5 dug !re1 & wat* ?ree days beside x1 till ,he %\ld return4 #8,& /raightway !re surr\nd$ h] fl[]s ( roses1 :i* are ! blessd company ( m>tyrs2 & lilies ( ! valley1 :i* are ! b&s ( angels1 confessors & virg9s4' ,b ! ,byzant9e ,guide to ,pa9t+1 9 ! p>agraph entitl$ #8,h[ to repres5t ! ,assumption ( ! ,div9e ,"m1' directs t 9 ! l[] "p ( ! picture !re %\ld be #8an op5 & empty tomb4' ,!re 0 !re=e div]g5ce ( op9ion1 & ! ,*ur* app>5tly left ! arti/ free4 ,jacobus de ,vorag9e seems to h collect$ ! _m float+ leg5ds ( ! ,virg91 & ) t poetic judgm5t :i* 0 ! peculi> gift ( 8 g5]ation1 to h pres]v$ ^? =ms p>ticul>ly m>k$ by sweetness or di/9ction ( incid5t4 ,b "s ev5 ( 8 own c\ntrym5 app>5tly pref]r$ ! leg5d 9 its bald] =m1 = ! a/oni%$ ,apo/les surr\nd a b>e & empty tomb4 ,beyond ! ,alps1 :]e ! ,leg5da ,aurea nev] _h mu* influ5ce1 ! tomb is almo/ inv>iably empty1 & inde$ all ?ree subjects are r>e 9 ! ,nor?1 ?\gh ! dea? ( ! ,virg9 is frequ5tly repres5t$4 ,! majority ( ,italian pa9t]s1 h[ev]1 gladly seiz$ ! pretty detail1 & ! ,virg9's tomb is usually fl[]-fill$4 ,b ! pa9t]s ( ! high ,r5aissance did n keep /rictly to ! symbolism ( ! leg5d4 ,!re is a beautiful fresco by ,sodoma1#bff 9 :i* ! ,virg91 dignifi$ & lovely1 asc5ds f a tomb brimm+ ov] ) roses1 & f among !m spr+s "o my/ic lily4 ,raphael1#bfg too1 gives a s+le lily ris+ f among ! roses1 & bo? he & ,sodoma seem to h adopt$ ! lat] fa%ion ( consid]+ ! lily z exclusively ! ,virg9 ,m>y's fl[]1 & in/ead ( s]ri$ lilies1 repres5t+ b&s ( angels & virg9 sa9ts1 !y pa9t "o only fl[]1 emblem ( ! ,que5 ( ,virg9s ris+ to ,heav5 att5d$ by ! gl[+ s\ls ( m>tyrs4 ,botticelli1#bfh on ! o!r h&1 has left ! roses & pa9t$ lilies only1 lilies cr[d$ toge!r 9 su* a mass ( lovel9ess t ! m\rn]s seem bl9d$ ev5 to ! gorge\s b[ ( angels 9 ! sky & to ! great] wond] 9 ! op5+ heav5s high above4 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli#bfi gives ! fl[]-fill$ tomb1 b neglects ! symbolism ( ! leg5d1 = to ! roses he adds daisies & jasm9e4 ,x is simply a collection ( ! fl[]s sacr$ to ! ,virg94 ,giulio ,romano1#bgj 9 ! ,madonna di ,monteluce1 pa9ts nei!r roses nor lilies1 m]ely small1 indet]m9ate blossoms1 mauve1 blue & yell[4 ,on "o panel1#bga ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :i* repres5ts #8,! ,giv+ ( ! ,girdle to ,sa9t ,?omas1' cut roses & lilies lie ^u ! top ( ! clos$ tomb1 :i* seems a misappreh5sion ( ! leg5d1 b possibly ! arti/ m]ely int5d$ to pa9t ! fl[]s usually us$ z attributes ( ! ,virg9--! rose ( love & ! lily ( purity--)\t any ref]5ce to ! /ory z told 9 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d4 ,b ?\gh ! lilies ( ! ,virg9's tomb repres5t angels & virg9 sa9ts1 9 ^? pictures ( h] ,coronation or ,assumption1 :]e no tomb is %[n1 ! fl[] is ! symbol ( h] own purity4 ,?r\gh h] p]fect purity %e has atta9$ ! cr[n1 !re=e x is ) /ems ( :ite lilies t ! rose-cr[n$ angels hail h] ,que54 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi#bgb pa9ts h] kneel+ to receive ! cr[n f ,god ! ,fa!r3 #8,r+$ by a b[]y1 fl[]y angel-brood ,lilies & ve/m5ts & :ite faces1 sweet ,z puff on puff ( grat$ orris-root4'#bgc ,a *ild-angel holds a scroll ) ! words3 #8,is p]fecit opus1' & ! ar*angel ,gabriel ) a lily1 pa9t$ 9 a small lunette above ! ?rone1 recalls ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ! "w n[ p]fect$2 :ile be=e ! ?rone1 & ?ick on ei!r side1 is a wav+ grove ( l>ge :ite lilies1 ea* /alk held by an ador+ angel4 ,! devotional figure ( ! ,virg9 kn[n z ! #8,immaculate ,conception' is usually pres5t$ z ! woman ) #8! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s2' f\r or five att5dant *ild-angels ea* c>ry a symbol ( h] virtues1 & ! lily is always prom95t among !m4 ,?is p>ticul> aspect ( ! ,virg9 0 especially popul> 9 ,spa91 :]e ,murillo 0 its f9e/ expon5t4 ,! fl[]s ( an ,immaculate ,conception are ! rose1 lily1 olive & palm1 signify+ love1 purity1 peace & victory4 ,sometimes ! iris1 ! royal lily1 is add$2 sometimes x replaces ! lilium c&idum4 ,jos ,antol9es#bgd pa9ts ! iris only4 ,9 ! *apt] on #8,g>l&s ( ,roses' we rem>k$ ! ?orns :i* 9 ! my/ic ,enclos$ ,g>d5s ( ,g]many illu/rate ! v]se3 #8,z a lily among ?orns1 s is my love among ! daught]s4' ,) ! clos+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury ^! ?orn trellises pass$ f ,nor!rn art1 b ! application ( ! metaphor to ! ,virg9 /ill p]si/$ 9 ,nor!rn !ology1 & s9ce ! ,immaculate ,conception _h replac$ ! ,hortus ,conclusus z a devotional subject1 x is z an attribute ( ! ,virg91 ris5 to glory1 t we f9d ! ?orns1 & 9 an ,immaculate ,conception by ,segh]s#bge a *ild-angel flutt]s at ! ,madonna's feet ) a lily enclos$ 9 bran*es ( ?orns4 ,9 ! #bd? *apt] ( ,ecclesia/icus !re is a description ( ,wisdom ) h] attributes 9 :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has se5 a prefigur+ ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,"s pictorial r5d]+s ( ! ,immaculate ,conception make special ref]5ce to ?is1 notably ! l>ge alt>-piece1 ( unkn[n au?or%ip1 b believ$ to date f ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :i* 0 pa9t$ = ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco 9 ,lucca4#bgf ,9 ! upp] "p ( ! picture ,*ri/ is se5 seat$1 & hold+ out above ! kneel+ ,virg9 ! sceptre ( ,8 royal fav\r4 ,above ! sceptre is a scroll ) ! words f ! ,book ( ,e/h]3 #8,n = !e 0 ?is law made1 b = all mank9d4' ,%e alone 0 immaculate4 ,ar\nd !re is a wrea? ( angels4 ,bel[ /& ,k+ ,david1 ,k+ ,solomon1 ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 ,sa9t ,anselm & ,sa9t ,an?ony ( ,padua4 ,beh9d ^! figures /ret*es a *>m+ g>d54 ,aga9/ ! horizon are ! cypresses ( ,m\nt ,zion1 ! c$> ( ,lebanon1 ! palm tree ( ,cades1 & also a pomegranate lad5 ) fruit4 ,midway !re is a rose h$ge ?ick ) ! roses ( ,j]i*o4 ,a t]race runs across ! g>d51 & ^u ! p>apet are two /one vases1 "o labell$ ,mirra & ! o!r ,balsamum4 ,^! trees & plants are ! trees & plants to :i* ,wisdom1 & !re=e ,m>y1 is lik5$ 9 ,ecclesia/icus1 ) ! pomegranate ( ! ,canticles4 #8,quasi c$rus exaltata sum 9 ,libano1 et quasi cypressus 9 ,monte ,sion3 quasi palma exaltata sum 9 ,cades1 et quasi plantatio rosae 9 ,j]i*o3 444 ,sicut c9namomum et balsamum aromatizans odorem d$i3 quasi myrrha electa d$i suavitatem odoris4#bgg #8,emissiones tuae p>adisus malorum punicorum cum pomorum fructibus4'#bgh ,,xviii ,,! ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts ,! anci5t ,hebrews took ! lily z ! symbol ( *a/ity4 ,! "n ( ! *a/e woman ( ! apocryphal /ory 0 ,susannah1 9 ,hebrew ,%usan1 :i* signifies a lily4 ,! d]ivation 0 n =gott5 by ,g]man arti/s1 = a lily is usually conspicu\s 9 ! elaborate g>d5 sc5es 9 :i* !y set ?is subject1 ?\gh ! ,italians res]v$ ! fl[] = ! ,madonna & ! sa9ts ( ! mona/ic ord]s4 ,orig9ally ! lily 0 giv5 to all virg9 sa9ts1 & x 0 consid]$ _! special attribute be=e ! fl[] 0 p>ticul>ly associat$ ) ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 #8,jesus1 corona virg9um ,qui p]gis int] lilia ,septis *oreis virg9um ,sponsus decorus gloria4' ,9 ! ,catacombs !re are no virg9 m>tyrs depict$1 & ! few lilies f\nd !re repres5t m]ely ! flora ( ,heav5 ) ! g5]al significance ( cele/ial bliss4 ,9 ! e>ly mosaics1 too1 bo? 9 ,rav5na & ,rome1 ! lilies are decorative & ! virg9s c>ry cr[ns ( victory4 ,b z e>ly z ! n9? c5tury ! lily is us$ pictorially z ! indication ( virg9ity 9 ! fam\s ,b5$itional ( ,sa9t ,e!lwold ( ,w9*e/]4#bgi ,! ,saxon que51 ,sa9t ,e!lr$a 7,sa9t ,audry71 :o leads ! *oir ( virg9 sa9ts1 we>s ! ,b5$ict9e habit1 is cr[n$1 & holds 9 "o h& ! gospel & 9 ! o!r a lily4 ,%e f\nd$ ,ely ,ca!dral &1 at lea/ aft] h] second m>riage1 liv$ z a nun4 ,! m9iature 0 execut$ 9 #ihj4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,*i>a 9 ,naples !re is a picture execut$ 9 mosaic ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian m>tyr1 ,sa9t ,rep>ata4 ,! mosaic1 :i* is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is attribut$ to ,cavall9i1 & ! sa9t has a lily by h] side4 ,b aft] ! ?irte5? c5tury ! lily is giv5 almo/ exclusively to sa9ts ( ! mona/ic ord]s1 ! high] di/9ction ( ! palm be+ aw>d$ to ! m>tyrs4 #8,=1' says ,dur&us1 #8! ,m>tyrdom take? prec$5ce ( ! ,virg9ity2 because x is a sign ( ! m p]fect love3 accord+ z ! ,tru? sai?1 8,great] love ha? no man ?an ?is1 t a man lay d[n 8 life = 8 fri5ds4'0 ,occasionally ^! e>ly sa9ts are giv5 ! lily 9 addition to ! palm4 ,mantegna pa9ts ,sa9t ,euphemia ) a lily 9 ! "r h& & a palm 9 ! left4#bhj ,b usually !y h ! palm alone4 ,! lilies ( ,sa9t ,cecilia allude to ! cele/ial lilies ( h] leg5d4 propos ( ,sa9t ,cecilia1 ,*auc]'s v *>m+1 if fanciful1 d]ivation ( h] "n may be recall$3 #8,fir/ wol ,i y ! "n ( ,sa9te ,cecilie ,exp\ne z m5 may 9 hire /orie see3 ,x is to sayn 9 ,engli%1 ,hev5s lilie1 ,= pure *a/5ess ( virg9itee1 ,or = %e :itnesse _h ( hone/ee1 ,& gr5e ( consci5ce1 & ( good fame ,! swote sav\r1 lilie 0 h] "n4' ,s9ce ! lily 0 appropriat$ by ! celibates ( ! ,*ur* ano!r symbol _h to be f\nd = ! *a/ity ( ^? /ill 9 ! _w1 & = ! virtue ( ! secul> ! unicorn 0 *os54 ,! m$ival leg5d ran t ! unicorn 0 ( all creat$ bea/s ! fi]ce/ & mo/ difficult to capture4 ,b %\ld a maid be 9 8 pa? he w\ld lie d[n ) 8 head ^u h] lap & !n ! hunt] c\ld take him ) great ease4 #8,! ,triumph ( ,*a/ity' ) ! #8,triumph ( ,love' z a p5dant 7 r fav\rite subjects 9 ! fifte5? c5tury 9 ,italy1 p>ticul>ly z a decoration ( ! elaborate bridal *e/s or cassoni1 !n 9 vogue4 #8,! ,triumph ( ,*a/ity' ( ,lib]ale da ,v]ona#bha is typical4 ,! :ite-clo!d figure ( a "y woman /&s ^u a c> drawn by unicorns1 :ile beh9d foll[s a rejoic+ cr[d4 ,%e holds a cornucopia b no lily appe>s4 ,on ! %utt]s 9 ! ,hall ( ,heliodorus1 9 ! ,vatican1 !re is a v beautiful ,r5aissance design 9 :i* ! lily & ! unicorn are unit$1 b usually 9 ,italy ! lily 0 kept z an ecclesia/ical & ! unicorn z a secul> symbol4 ,9 ,g]man art bo? lily & unicorn are held to be symbols ( ! ,virg9's purity1 & 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies !re 7 _m tape/ries & embroid]ies execut$ 9 ! conv5ts illu/rat+ t /range allegorical v]sion ( ! ,annunciation kn[n z #8,! ,hunt+ ( ! ,unicorn4' ,b ! unicorn is nev] associat$ ) ! mona/ic sa9ts1 & inde$1 9 ,nor!rn art1 mona/ic sa9ts !mselves are r r>e4 ,! lily 01 !re=e1 latt]ly ! symbol ( mona/ic celibacy4 ,!re is a curi\s allegorical picture ( ,sa9t ,francis by ,sassetta4 ,! pres5t own]1 ,mr ,b4 ,behr5son1 describes x ?us3 #8,ov] ! sea & ! l&1 into ! gold5 heav5s1 t[]s ! figure ( ! bless$ ,francis1 8 face transfigur$ ) ec/asy1 8 arms held out 9 8 fav\rite attitude ( ! cross1 8 feet firmly plant$ on a pro/rate w>rior 9 gold5 panoply4 ,*]ubim & ,s]aphim1 ) fi]y w+s & deep cresc5t halos1 =m beh9d ! sa9t a nimbus fram+ a glory ( gold & azure1 z dazzl+ z ! sky & z radiant z ! sun4 ,ov]head1 on opalesc5t cl\dlets1 float ,pov]ty 9 h] pat*$ dress1 look+ up ) grateful devotion1 ,ob$i5ce 9 h] rose-r$ robe ) a yoke ab\t h] neck & h] h&s cross$ on h] brea/1 & ,*a/ity 9 :ite1 hold+ a lily4'#bhb ,all ?ree maid5s are attractive1 & ,*a/ity ! prettie/ ( ! ?ree1 unlike ! immur$ #8,ca/itas' ( ,giotto1#bhc ^: gu>ds1 ) surely unnecess>y vig\r1 drive (f #8,amor' ) pit*-=ks4 ,! two m5 n 9 holy ord]s1 :o are p]mitt$ to c>ry ! lily1 are ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,sa9t ,joseph4 ,! =m]1 ev5 if he took no =mal v[ ( celibacy1 is look$ ^u z ! fir/ ( ! ,*ri/ian an*orites1 & ! lily ( ,sa9t ,joseph is ! symbol ( ! self-abnegation ( 8 m>ri$ life4 ,! hi/ory ( ! m>riage ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y is f\nd 9 ! apocryphal #8,gospel ( ! ,bir? ( ,m>y1' translat$ by ,sa9t ,j]ome & abridg$ 9 ! ,catalogus ,sanctorum ( ,pet] de ,natalibus4 #8,& :5 ,m>y 0 f\rte5 ye>s ( age ! ,high ,prie/ comm&$ t ! virg9s br\ght up 9 ! temple %\ld return home & be w$d$ accord+ to law4 ,& all obey$ except ,m>y1 :o repli$ t %e might n1 z h] p>5ts _h d$icat$ h] to ! ,"l & %e h]self _h v[$ h] virg9ity to ,god4 ,& ! ,high ,prie/1 be+ p]plex$ by ,m>y's v[ 7:i* ought to be kept7 on ! "o h&1 & ! introduction ( a new cu/om 9 ,israel on ! o!r1 summon$ ! eld]s toge!r to consult ^u ! matt]4 ,& z !y pray$1 a voice came f ! sanctu>y comm&+ t e man ( ! h\se ( ,david1 :o 0 n w$d$1 %\ld place 8 rod on ! alt>1 & he ^: rod %\ld bud1 & ! ,holy ,_s desc5d ^u x 9 ! =m ( a dove1 accord+ to ! prophecy ( ,isaiah1 %\ld be ! sp\se ( ,m>y4 #8,& !re 0 among ! re/ a c]ta9 ,joseph ( ! ,h\se ( ,david1 an old man & a wid[]1 & :o _h sons & gr&sons4 ,& ?9k+ x unseemly t an ag$ man %\ld m>ry a t5d] virg91 :5 ! o!rs pres5t$ _! rods he )held 8 own4 ,& no miracle appe>+1 ! ,high ,prie/ inquir$ ( ! ,"l1 :o answ]$ t he only to :om ! ,virg9 0 to be esp\s$ _h n pres5t$ 8 rod4 ,s ,joseph 0 br\ght =w>d1 & pres5t$ 8 rod1 & /raightway x budd$1 & ! dove desc5d$ f heav5 & settl$ ^u x4 ,& x 0 cle> to all m5 t ,m>y 0 to be 8 wife4' ,9 "o ( ! e>lie/ repres5tations#bhd :i* we h ( ! #8,m>riage ( ! ,virg9' ,joseph holds a /alk ( lilium c&idum ) a s+le fl[] at its summit1 on :i* is pois$ ! holy dove4 ,?us ,giotto1 always ?\ghtful & orig9al 9 8 symbolism1 modifi$ ! leg5d>y fl[]+ /aff to ! fl[] :i* %\ld symbolize ,sa9t ,joseph's w$d$ life ) ! ,virg94 ,b ! great majority ( arti/s h foll[$ ! leg5d m closely4 ,taddeo ,gaddi#bhe gives a bun* ( leaves at ! /aff's top1 j su* leaves z w\ld spr\t f a /aff ( a%4 ,!re is only "o t9y bud ^u ! b>e /ick above :i* ! dove hov]s 9 ! #8,m>riage' attribut$ to ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo1#bhf & ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i#bhg pa9ts a sc>cely-budd$ /aff4 ,sometimes 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies ! /aff ( ,sa9t ,joseph be>s r$ or p9k fl[]s resembl+ ! ole&]1 & to-day ! c\ntry p 9 ,tuscany call ! ole&] ,il ,mazzo di ,san ,giuseppe1 t is1 #8,! ,/aff ( ,sa9t ,joseph4' ,nor!rn art1 un9flu5c$ by ! ,leg5da ,aurea1 gives ,sa9t ,joseph no fl[]+ /aff4 ,lucas van ,leyd5#bhh pa9ts him z an entirely unidealiz$ workman ) tools ^u 8 back b places ! lily 9 8 h&4 ,& he has also a lily 9 ! #8,holy ,family' ( ,ge]tg5 tot ,s9t ,jans1#bhi ?\gh 9 ! _m repres5tations ( #8,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi' 9 ,nor? ,g]many & ! ,ne!rl&s he is undi/+ui%$ by any attribute4 ,aft] ! sev5te5? c5tury ,sa9t ,joseph began to h a /atus ( 8 own z patron ( m>ri$ virtue4 ,s+le figures ( him appe> c>ry+ a lily1 n a /aff1 & 9 ! ecclesia/ical art ( ! pres5t day he c>ries sometimes ! ,*ild-,*ri/ & sometimes a book1 b also inv>iably a lily4 ,a l>ge oleograph :i* hangs 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,angels at ,la ,v]na %[s ! ,*ild-,*ri/ cr[n+ him ) a wrea? ( lilies4 ,occasionally ! lily is giv5 to "y girls :o are nei!r sa9ts nor m>tyrs4 ,!re is an engrav+ f a gold m$al 9 ! royal libr>y at ,w9dsor ( ! ,empress ,leonora ( ,portugal4 ,! portrait is half-l5g?1 /&+1 ) long hair1 b5ea? ! ar*$ imp]ial cr[n1 & %e holds 9 h] h& a lily /em ) two fl[]s & ?ree buds4 ,x is inscrib$3 #8,leonora ,augu/a ,fr$]ici ,imp4 ,uxor4' ,%e 0 ! daught] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ( ,portugal & wife ( ,fr$]ick ( ,au/ria1 also great-gr&-daught] ( ,john ( ,gaunt4 ,x is a pretty figure1 *ildi% b dignifi$4 ,! long hair1 ,mr ,augu/us ,franks po9ts out1#bij is g5]ally look$ ^u z ! m>k ( a virg9 bride1 & x is expla9$ by h] coronation hav+ tak5 place be=e ! consummation ( ! m>riage4 ,! lily also1 l ! fl[+ hair1 proclaims h] maid5hood4 ,b1 z a rule1 ! lilium c&idum is /rictly a fl[] ( ! *ur*4 ,paul ,v]onese#bia pa9t$ a ,juno ) a :ite lily1 b ! fl[] has %>ply turn$-back petals resembl+ ! turn-cap v>iety & gracefully curv+ /ems4 ,x 0 n till ! eighte5? c5tury t ,cipriani & ,b>tolozzi1 bo? memb]s ( ! ,engli% ,royal ,academy1 c\ld design & engrave a hea!n goddess1 :o1 ) "o h& c>ess+ a peacock1 held 9 ! o!r ! traditional symbol ( virg9al innoc5ce4 ,lilies are prop] to all virg9 sa9ts4 #8,liliis ,sponsus recubat1 rosisque2 ,tu1 tuo semp] b5e fida ,sponso ,et rosas ,m>tyr simil et d$i/i ,lilia ,virgo4' ,b "s c>ry !m z a special di/9ction4 ,among !m ,sa9t ,ca?>9e ( ,si5a comes fir/4 ,%e 0 /ill m]ely "o ( ! _m *ildr5 ( a work+ tann] ( ,si5a1 h] sanctity unrecogniz$1 :5 %e 0 s5t a dream f ,heav54 ,9 h] dream %e saw ,sa9t ,dom9ic1 :o held 9 "o h& a lily :i*1 l ! burn+ bu% ( ,moses1 burn$ b 0 n consum$4 ,) 8 o!r h& he (f]$ h] ! black & :ite habit ( ! ,dom9ican ,t]ti>ies4 ,sa9t ,ca?>9e reg>d$ ! dream z a def9ite call & lat] jo9$ ! ?ird ,ord] ( ,sa9t ,dom9ic4 ,%e 0 a woman n only ( mo/ sa9tly life b ( wond]ful =ce ( "*1 & int]v5$ ) altrui/ic motives & pla9 common s5se 9 ! complicat$ politics ( h] day4 ,%e exp]i5c$ ! my/ical trances :i* 7 ! cr[n ( hol9ess to ! m$ival m9d1 & 0 rem>kable also = ! au/]ities & good works :i* h] devot$ fri5d & biograph]1 ,raimondo da ,capua1 lik5s to lilies4 #8,taught1 nay r compell$1 by h] supreme ,tea*]1 %e le>n$ e day m & m bo? to enjoy ! embraces ( ! ,cele/ial ,bridegroom 9 ! b$ ( fl[]s1 & to desc5d into ! valley ( lilies to make h]self m fruitful1 nor ev] to leave or less5 ! "o = ! sake ( ! o!r4' ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! pictures ( ,sa9t ,ca?>9e is t by h] fri5d & disciple1 ,&rea ,vanni1#bib & :i* is !re=e a portrait f memory1 if n f life4 ,x 0 probably pa9t$ at ! "t ( h] canonization1 ?irte5 ye>s aft] h] dea?1 & %[s h] z a tall1 slight woman ) a ref9$ en?usia/ic face4 ,9 h] left h& %e holds ! lilies#bic :i* repres5t ! au/]e virtues ( a mona/ic life4 ,%e is ! mo/ di/+ui%$ woman :o wore ! veil1 & s9ce %e is almo/ inv>iably repres5t$ ) a lily1 ! lilium c&idum is sometimes call$ ,sa9t ,ca?>9e's lily4 ,sa9t ,s*ola/ica ( ! ,b5$ict9es#bid & ,sa9t ,cl>e ( ! ,franciscans are also usually depict$ ) lilies4 ,! la/1 :o /yl$ h]self ! ,little ,fl[] ( ,sa9t ,francis1 has met ) great good =tune at ! h&s ( ! pa9t]s1 = two at lea/1 ,simone ,m>t9i#bie & ,luca ,signorelli1#bif h v beautifully mat]ializ$ h] sweetness & humility4 ,pictures :i* repres5t ! my/ic esp\sals ( any nun usually h ! lily z a detail4 ,*ief among ! monks :o c>ry ! fl[] is ,sa9t ,dom9ic4 ,he 0 a ,spani>d & _h all ! *ivalr\s ,spani% devotion to ! p]son ( ! ,virg94 ,x 0 he :o arrang$ ! ros>y & in/itut$ x z a religi\s ex]cise4 ,he f\nd$ a community ( prea*]s = ! conv]sion ( h]etics1 :i* aft]w>ds develop$ into ! great ,dom9ican ord]4 ,! great aim ( 8 life 0 to gu>d ! purity ( ! ,ca?olic fai?1 & to ?is end he hunt$ =? ! ,albig5ses ) 8 h\nds ( ! ,"l--! ,dom9i canes4 ,he is rew>d$ ) ! lily :i*1 9 8 picture by ,bell9i1#big has a s+ul>ly rigid /em4 ,dur+ ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies sa9t$ monks 7 comp>atively r>ely pa9t$1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 to ! m picturesque figures ( ! e>ly m>tyrs :o suff]$ "u ,roman p]secutions4 ,b ! e>lie/ to appe>1 & ! mo/ frequ5tly se51 is ,sa9t ,dom9ic4 ,duccio di ,buon9segna puts him beside ! ,madonna2 ,orcagna pa9t$ him among ! happy s\ls 9 ! ,p>adise ( ,santa ,m>ia ,novella4 ,& ! reason :y he1 r ?an ! o!r great f\nd]s1 %\ld appe> 9 heav5ly gr\ps is n ! f9e relief ( 8 black habit among ! gay g[ns ( ! angels1 b because 8 ord] sp5t _! gold on pa9t$ decorations at a "t :5 ! ,franciscans1 v[$ to pov]ty1 & ! ,b5$ict9es1 devot$ to ! mak+ & collect+ ( books1 _h less to sp5d on ! enc\ragem5t ( art4 ,lat]1 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ,spa91 sa9ts 9 all habits con/antly appe>4 ,sa9t ,dom9ic almo/ always c>ries a lily4 ,sa9t ,francis 0 suffici5tly di/+ui%$ by ! /igmata1 ,sa9t ,b5$ict by ! *alice2 b ,sa9t ,dom9ic has a lily :ite z ! au/]ity ( 8 fai?4 ,sa9t ,an?ony ( ,padua is to-day ! mo/ popul> ( all ! mona/ic sa9ts4 ,8 sane & g5tle piety & 8 reputation = grant+ little ord9>y boons has ende>$ him to simple folk4 ,!re seems no p>ticul> reason :y he1 above o!r sa9tly monks1 %\ld be s di/+ui%$1 b :5 he is n repres5t$ ) ! ,infant ,*ri/ 9 8 arms he inv>iably has a lily4 ,9 ! v beautiful #8,vision ( ,sa9t ,an?ony1' by ,murillo1#bih :]e ! ,holy ,*ild appe>s 9 a ray ( light1 a vase ( lilies /&s ^u ! table4 ,9 ano!r picture1 by ,annibale ,c>acci1 ! ,*ild-,*ri/ ,himself holds ! lily4 ,ano!r be>] ( ! lily is he #8,:om ,m>y's *>ms ,embelli%'d1 z ! sun ! morn+ />'-- ,sa9t ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux4 ,?\gh oppos+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception ( ! ,virg91 he _h a v special devotion to ! ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,_m ( 8 s]mons1 call$ by ,h5ault ,*efs d'uvre de s5tim5t et de =ce1 celebrate h] p]fections1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ! fam\s s]ies ( s]mons ^u ! ,bride ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,x is said t x 0 8 love = ! #8lily ( ! valleys' :i* s impress$ ! lily =m ^u ! ar*itecture ( 8 ord]1 = aga9 & aga9 9 ! ,go?ic /one-"w ( ! ,ci/]cian abbeys #8lily "w' is f\nd4 ,! lily1 x may be rem>k$1 is giv5 to ^? sa9ts 9 holy ord]s :o 7 pi\s f _! e>lie/ y\? & n to ^? :o _h pass$ a gay "t 9 ! _w be=e conv]sion4 ,,xix ,,! ,,v9e ,! pr9cipal ( ! allegorical fruits is ! v9e4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t emblems ( ,*ri/1 & is f\nd$ ^u ,8 own words1 #8,i am ! v9e1 ye are ! bran*es4' ,x is se5 9 ! ,catacombs1 on e>ly ,*ri/ian s>cophagi1 & 9 ! e>ly mosaics1 always z ! emblem ( ,*ri/ or ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,a fruit+ v9e v beautifully expresses a p]fect life ri* ) ! fruits ( ! _s1 & ev5 7 ! analogy n sugge/$ by ,*ri/'s own words1 x is possible t ,*ri/ians w\ld h se5 9 ! tree :5ce comes ! sacram5tal w9e1 emblem ( ! holy blood1 a lik5ess to ,him :o %$ t blood4 ,:]e ! cross1 ! sacr$ monogram or ! figure ( ,*ri/ ,himself is introduc$1 ! v9e takes a second>y place z emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & tak5 9 ?is s5se ! symbolism admits ( "s complication1 twelve bun*es ( grapes typify+ ! twelve ,apo/les1 & birds among ! bran*es ,*ri/ian s\ls4 ,"o example among _m ( its decorative & symbolical use is on ! grave/one ( ,sa9t ,cummian1 an ,iri% bi%op1 :o di$ a monk at ,bobbio ab\t ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,two v9e bran*es spr+ f ! holy *alice & =m a bord] ( oval arabesques1 "o oval enclos+ fruit & leaves1 ! next fram+ a /> alt]nately4 ,at ! top1 :]e ! two bran*es almo/ meet1 are two doves /&+ on ei!r side ( ! holy monogram4 ,! v9e is ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 spr++ f ! *alice ( ,*ri/'s blood2 ! fruit repres5ts ! good works ( ! righte\s2 ! />s :i* %9e ?r\gh ! bran*es ,*ri/ian hope4 ,! doves1 by ! conv5tion ( ! ,catacombs1 signify dep>t$ ,*ri/ian s\ls ador+ ,*ri/1 :o is repres5t$ by ! anci5t /> monogram1 =m$ ( ! two ,greek lett]s1 ,i ,iota1 & ,x ,*i1 enclos$ 9 ! circle :i* is ! symbol ( et]nity4 ,! grave/one 0 execut$ by ord] ( ,k+ ,luitpr&1 &1 by an ov]sight n unique among ,*ri/ian m>bles be=e ! twelf? c5tury1 ! bord] has be5 plac$ rev]s$ r\nd ! inscription--! doves1 ) _! feet 9 ! air1 be+ at ! bottom4 ,z directly emblematical ( ,*ri/ ,himself ! v9e receiv$ ! place ( hon\r 9 all ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 &1 ev5 :5 our ,"l 0 repres5t$ 9 ,8 own p]son1 x 0 (t5 !re by "r ( its second>y significance z ! ,*ur* ( ,god--#8,ye are ! bran*es4' ,a mosaic 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,prisca#bii %[s a half-l5g? figure ( ,*ri/ fram$ 9 bran*es ( v9e1 & ! gold5 bran*es1 (t5 intricately wrea!d aga9/ a d>k-blue gr\nd1 occur repeat$ly 9 ! e>ly mosaics4 ,b :5 x grew m usual n only to repres5t ,*ri/ 9 ,8 own p]son b also ! m>tyrs1 sa9ts & prophets ( ! ,*ur*1 ! use ( ! v9e became decorative r ?an devotional1 & 0 *iefly appli$ to ! ornam5tation ( ve/m5ts1 alt>-clo?s & ! vessels us$ 9 ! celebration ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,:51 9 a pa9t+1 ! v9e is introduc$ z ! emblem ( ,*ri/ or ,8 ,*ur*1 x is usually 9 "s detail1 z 9 ! v beautiful design ( ! ,pelican 9 its ,piety among grapes & v9e leaves beh9d ! figure ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,k+ ( ,heav51 9 ,hub]t van ,eyck's magnific5t alt>1 #8,! ,adoration ( ! ,lamb4'#cjj ,botticelli1 :o h&l$ symbols ) a dep? ( s5tim5t unkn[n to art be=e1 pa9ts grapes ) a diff]5t significance4 ,= him grapes1 l ! ,eu*>i/ic w9e1 are ! symbol ( ! ,holy ,blood1 & 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & unaffect$ ( all 8 pictures#cja an angel1 /&+ beside ! ,infant ,*ri/1 holds grapes & corn e>s1 symbols ( ! sacrifice ( ,8 dea?4 ,! ,nor!rn symboli/s1 also1 took clu/]+ grapes to h ! same value z ! ,eu*>i/ic w9e z an emblem ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,?is is cle>ly se5 9 a tape/ry ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 =m]ly 9 ! ,spitz] ,collection4 ,! ,infant ,*ri/1 seat$ betwe5 ! ,virg9 & ,sa9t ,joseph1 presses ) ,8 h&s ! juice ( a bun* ( purple grapes into a *alice4 ,ano!r ,flemi% tape/ry ( ! same p]iod1 :i* 0 also 9 ! same collection1 depicts ! ,holy ,family ) ,sa9t ,anne4 ,m>y1 f :om ! ,savi\r receiv$ ,8 human blood1 h&s to h] ,son ! grapes :i* ,he cru%es till ! w9e drops d[n into ! cup4 ,b ! clu/] ( grapes :i* sev]al ( ! ,flemi% arti/s place 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/ seems to be n only ! emblem ( ! holy blood1 b also1 9 "s sort1 ! anti!sis ( ! apple z ! fruit ( r$emption1 :i* 9 ! h& ( ! second ,adam replaces ! fruit ( ! ,fall4 ,9 a picture by ,mabuse1 inscrib$ #8,v]us ,deus et ,homo3 ca/a mat] et ,virgo1'#cjb ! ,virg9 (f]s a bun* ( grapes to ! ,infant ,*ri/1 :o holds a qu9ce1 =e%ad[+ t ,he %\ld ex*ange ! fruit ( ,ed51 by :i* all m5 di$1 = ! fruit ( r$emption1 by :i* !y %all be sav$1 & ?is sub/itution ( ! fruit ( ! v9e = ! apple ( ,ed5 became 9 ! ,nor? a r fav\rite v>iation ( ! symbolism ( ! fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil4 ,,xx ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,! ,,tree ,,( ,,k ,! ,scriptures give no indication :atev] z to ! size1 %ape or col\r ( ! ,fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil :i* grew 9 ! mid/ ( ,ed51 & x has be5 v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,adam is depict$ ) an apple1 a pe>1 a qu9ce1 a fig1 accord+ to ! individual op9ion ( ! pa9t]4 ,milton took ! tree to be an apple3 #8,a goodly tree4444 ,lad5 ) fruit ( faire/ col\rs mixt ,ruddie & gold 444 ,%>p desire ,i _h ,( ta/+ ^? fair apples4'#cjc ,& ! majority ( arti/s h *os5 t fruit4 ,x grew 9 e "p ( ,europe1 &1 except ! *]ry1 x 0 almo/ ! only cultivat$ fruit 9 ,g]many & ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,besides grapes1 figs & pomegranates x is ! only fruit m5tion$ 9 ,scripture1 & x is also possible t "s f\nd reason = id5tify+ x ) ! fruit :i* br\ght s9 into ! _w 9 ! app>5t simil>ity ( ! two ,lat9 words1 #8mlum' evil1 & #8mlum' an apple4 ,& z ! fruit v>ies 9 ! h& ( ,adam s x v>ies 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 ! second ,adam4 ,meml+ & ! pa9t]s ( ,cologne depict ,him ) an apple4 ,il ,moretto pa9ts a pe>1#cjd ,giovanni ,bell9i a qu9ce1#cje & ,botticelli a pomegranate4#cjf ,! ,eve ( ,jan van ,eyck holds a lemon1#cjg b he keeps to ! old] conv5tion 9 ! symbols :i* he places 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,savi\r3 ! bird1 emblem ( ! human s\l1 ! inscrib$ scroll or ! cross-surm\nt$ orb4 ,! apple1 :5 9 ! h& ( ,adam1 is always ! symbol ( ! ,fall2 :5 9 ! h& ( ,*ri/1 x is ! symbol ( ! s9 ( ! _w :i* ,he took ^u ,himself4 #8,= z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive4' ,b 9 ! e>ly in/ances ( a fruit 9 ! ,*ri/-,*ild's h& x does n appe> to be def9itely ! dea?-giv+ apple ( ,ed54 ,x is fruit ( ,p>adise1 a delight promis$ to ! bless$ :i* ! ,k+ ( ,heav5 br+s d[n ) ,him to e>?4 ,9 ! e>ly s*ool ( ,si5a1 z we h already se51 ! little ,*ri/ 0 /ill ! ,royal ,infant1 /ill #8trail+ cl\ds ( glory1' unt\*$ by %ad[ ( suff]+1 & usually be>+ 9 ,8 h& "s indication ( ,8 high e/ate4 ,(t5 ,8 h& 0 rais$ 9 bless+1 sometimes ,he held a lily ( ,p>adise4 ,on an e>ly f\rte5?-c5tury panel 9 ! mann] ( ! ,lor5zetti1 9 ,si5a ,academy1 ! ,*ild holds a fruit1 b x is n cle>ly def9$4 ,9 "o ( ,sano di ,pietro's mo/ attractive works1#cjh h[ev]1 :i* is dat$ #addd1 ! ,*ild1 seat$ on ! ,virg9's knee1 holds a gold5 orange ) its foliage4 ,to ,8 "r & left are sa9ts1 & close ar\nd !re are six angels cr[n$ ) blue corn-fl[]s & c>ry+ roses & lilies4 ,no attempt is made to realize e>?ly conditions2 ! gl[+ sc5e is set 9 ,heav51 & ! little ,"l ( ,heav5 holds 9 ,8 h& a cele/ial fruit1 j "o ( su* fruits z hang ^u ! trees 9 ,giovanni di ,paolo's #8,p>adise4'#cji ,9 ano!r picture by ,sano di ,pietro1#caj ! ,*ild 7p]haps ! mo/ *>m+ #8,bamb9o' ev] pa9t$ 9 ,si5a7 holds 9 ,8 h& a bun* ( *]ries4 ,*]ries1 pa9t$ m ?an once )9 ! t9y h& by ,sano di ,pietro1 are always tak5 z ! delici\s fruit4 ,l ! lilies ( ! e>li] ,p>adises !y typify ! delights ( ! bless$1 & 9 ,g]man art p>ticul>ly !y are pa9t$ (t5 z ! peculi> fruit ( ,heav54 ,!y are nev] tak5 z ! ,fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil1 & !re=e1 at lea/ 9 ! e>ly ,si5ese s*ool1 ?is fruit held by ! ,infant ,*ri/ w\ld seem to be ! fruit ( ,p>adise4 ,9 ,nor!rn art1 9 ! "w ( ! ,fr5* ivory cutt]s1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! "w ( ,meml+ & ( ^? arti/s influ5c$ by him1 ! apple takes prec$5ce ( all o!r symbols 9 ! ,*ri/-,*ild's h&4 ,nor!rn !ologians1 /udy+ ! ,old ,te/am5t c>efully1 & deeply int]e/$ 9 types & anti-types1 saw 9 ,adam ! type ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,biblia ,paup]um1 orig9ally design$ ) ! int5tion ( tea*+ ! fai? to ! unlett]$1 s]v$ z a patt]n-book = /a9$ glass & o!r ecclesia/ical decoration f ! n9? c5tury onw>ds4 ,ea* page is divid$ into ?ree sections4 ,9 ! c5tre is a sc5e f ! life ( ,*ri/2 9 ! sections on ei!r side is a sc5e f ,old ,te/am5t ,hi/ory1 %[+ "s incid5t 9 ! lives ( ^? m5 :o are consid]$ to be types ( ,*ri/1 :i* =e%ad[$ "s act ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,& *ief ( ^! types is ,adam4 ,!re=e 9 ! ,nor!rn ,*ur* ! idea ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! second ,adam 0 famili>1 & ! fruit 9 ,8 h& 0 p]fectly und]/ood z a symbol4 ,meml+1 :o1 if he did n orig9ate ! symbolism ( ! apple ( ,ed51 made x fam\s by con/ant repetition on 8 magnific5tly execut$ panels1 usually treats x q simply4 ,! apple is ! symbol ( ! ,fall1 & !re=e ( ! _w's s91 :i* ,*ri/ accepts z ,8 own4 ,9 ! f9e example at ,*atswor?1 ! ,infant ,*ri/1 ) "o h& po9t+ to ! book ( prophecy1 takes ) ! o!r ! apple held by an att5dant angel4 ,b "o pa9t+ by ,meml+#caa is especially int]e/+1 s9ce x l9ks toge!r ! two symbols1 ! fruit ( heav5ly bliss & ! fruit ( ,man's r$emption4 ,! ,*ild sits ^u ,8 "m's knee1 & 9 "o h& clut*es *]ries1 ! fruit ( ,p>adise4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 on ! po9t ( rel9qui%+ !m to take ! apple f ! angel's h&1 z ,he rel9qui%$ heav5ly joy to take ^u ,himself ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,hugo van d] ,goes ,photo ,brogi ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,damnation ,,ex*ang$ ,,= ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,r$emption ,illu/ration3 ,meml+ ,photo ,brogi ,,! ,,fruit ,,( ,,heav5 ,,rel9qui%$ ,,= ,,! ,,apple ,,( ,,ed5 ,mean:ile ! pa9t]s ( ,flor5ce1 ,fra ,angelico1 ,n]i di ,bicci1 ,filippo ,lippi & ,botticelli1 _h pa9t$ ! ,*ild ) ! pomegranate1 & x is n v cle> :e!r !y held to ! ,si5ese symbolism or sympa?iz$ ) ! ,nor!rn tradition4 ,b x 0 probably ! fruit ( ,ed51 = 9 all o!r po9ts ! ,flor5t9es _h brok5 ) ! ,byzant9e conv5tions1 & ! ,*ild 0 = !m no long] ! ,royal ,*ild1 ri*ly clo!d & dignifi$ 9 ge/ure1 b ,he 0 a little nak$ human baby1 born into ! _w to repair1 z ! second ,adam1 ! old ,adam's fault4 ,t ,he is ! ,savi\r1 r ?an ! ,k+1 is p>ticul>ly emphasiz$ by ,botticelli1 :o seldom fails1 ev5 ?\gh x be only by ! =ebod+ 9 ! grey eyes ( ! angels1 to give "s h9t ( ! com+ trag$y4 ,on ! o!r h& x may be possible t ! pa9t]s ( ,flor5ce 9 ! fifte5? c5tury _h h>k$ back to ano!r s\rce = _! symbolism & _h tak5 ! imag]y ( ,sa9t ,gregory ! ,great1 :o us$ ! pomegranate z ! emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* #8because ( ! inn] unity ( c\ntless se$s 9 "o & ! same fruit4' ,b 9 lat] ,italian art1 z 9 all ! ,nor!rn c\ntries & 9 mod]n ,*ur* symbolism1 ! fruit1 mo/ usually ! apple1 :i* is 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 is ! fruit ( r$emption1 z ! apple ( ,adam 0 ! fruit ( damnation4 ,foll[+ ! same analogy1 ! ,virg9 is reg>d$ z ! second ,eve1 ! second univ]sal "m1 :o1 ?r\gh h] ,son1 is to repair ! fault ( ! fir/4 ,! symboli/s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury f\nd :at !y consid]$ pro( ( ?is 9 ! ^w ( ,scripture4 ,conrad von ,wrztburg writes3 #8,let a man take ?ree lett]s3 ,:5 ^! /raight=w>d are read1 ,! little ^w 8,ave0 /&s out1 ,! new ^w ( salutation 7or heal+74 ,let him beg9 at ! end1 ,& read to ! beg9n+1 ,& 8,eva0 is f\nd writt54 99 99 99 99 99 ,t "o may !reby "k1 ,x is ?\ :o fulfille/1 ,! old & ! new ,cov5ants4 ,! greet+ f ! angel's m\? ,greet+ !e1 ,o royal spotless maid1 ,ha? told me ?is4'#cab ,!re=e ! apple1 :i* ma/]s ( ! ,flemi% & e>ly ,g]man s*ools sometimes introduc$ into ,annunciations1 lay+ x1 = in/ance1 ^u ! w9d[-sill1 is ! apple ( r$emption4 ,! apple 9 ! h& ( ,eve is always ! apple ( damnation4 ,!re is a curi\s draw+ by ,m>t9 ,s*ngau] ( ! #8,desc5t into ,hell4' ,adam & ,eve come =? fir/ ( ! releas$ s\ls1 ,eve hold+ ! apple1 :i* has ! m>ks ( h] tee? /ill ^u x4 ,9 ! h& ( ,m>y x is aga9 ! apple ( r$emption1 b x is ! fruit ( ! ,fall :5 x is betwe5 ! jaws ( ! s]p5t or dragon1 :i* %e1 at h] ,assumption1 treads "u foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>t9 ,s*ngau] ,,adam ,,& ,,eve ,,deliv]$ ,,f ,,hell 7,pr9t ,room1 ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*7 ,9 ,italian art ! apple is less (t5 f\nd 9 ! ,madonna pictures1 b ! anci5t analogy 0 n =gott54 ,on ! pr$ella ( ,lor5zo di ,cr$i's #8,annunciation'#cac !re are ?ree exquisite little sc5es f ! life ( ,eve1 & ,vas>i introduces ! ,tree ( ! ,k ( ,good & ,evil into 8 #8,conception ( ! ,virg91' pa9t$ 9 #aedj4 ,vas>i describes x himself3 #8,! ,tree ( ! ,orig9al ,s9 0 repres5t$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! pa9t+1 & at ! roots !re( 7 plac$ nude figures ( ,adam & ,eve b\nd1 z be+ ! fir/ transgressors ( ,god's comm&s4 ,to ! pr9cipal bran*es !re 7 also b\nd ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 ,moses1 ,a>on1 ,jo%ua1 ,david & ! re/ ( ! k+s1 law-giv]s1 etc41 accord+ to _! s5iority1 all fa/5$ by bo? arms1 except+ only ,samuel & ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/1 :o are b\nd by "o arm only1 to intimate t !y 7 sanctifi$ be=e _! bir?4 ,at ! trunk ( ! tree1 & ) ! l[] "p turn+ ar\nd x1 is ! ,old ,s]p5t1 b ! upp] "p ( ! =m has ! %ape ( ,man1 & ! h&s are conf9$ beh9d ! back2 on 8 head is "o foot ( ! glori\s ,virg91 :i* is trampl+ d[n ! horns ( ! demon1 :ile ! o!r foot is fix$ on a moon4 ,our ,lady is clo!d ) ! sun & cr[n$ ) twelve />s1 be+ su/a9$ 9 ! air )9 a spl5d\r ( num]\s angels1 nude1 & illum9at$ by ! rays :i* proce$ f ! ,madonna h]self4 ,^! same rays1 moreov]1 pass+ amid/ ! foliage ( ! tree1 give light to ! figures b\nd to ! bran*es2 nay1 !y seem to be gradually loos5+ _! bonds1 by ! p[] & grace :i* !y d]ive f h] out ( :om !y proce$4 ,9 ,heav51 mean:ile1 t is1 at ! highe/ po9t ( ! picture1 are two *ildr5 be>+ a scroll1 on :i* are ! foll[+ words3 #88,quos ,eva culpa damnavit1 ,m>i gratia solvit40'#cad ,x 0 ?us t ,vas>i unit$ 9 "o picture ! two univ]sal mo!rs1 ! physical & ! spiritual1 & 8 allegory 0 typical ( ! my/icism ( 8 day1 = he tells u t1 be+ d\btful z to ! due treatm5t ( ! subject1 he & 8 patron1 ,mess] ,b9do1 #8took c\nsel ) su* ( our common fri5ds z 7 m5 ( lett]s1' & ,vas>i's fri5ds includ$ ! f9e fl[] ( ,italian intellect4 ,! picture1 :i* is a good deal d>k5$ by "t1 & less int]e/+ ?an ! description leads "o to expect1 is /ill 9 its orig9al place 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,,ss4 ,apo/oli 9 ,flor5ce4 ,9 "s pictures1 p>ticul>ly ^? %[+ ! influ5ce ( ,meml+1 an att5dant angel holds ! apple1 hold+ x ready till ! "t %all come :5 ! ,infant ,savi\r1 ) gr[+ consci\sness ( ,8 mission1 holds =? ,8 h& to take x4 ,b !re are v>i\s #8,holy ,families'#cae ( ! e>ly ,g]man s*ool 9 :i* ,sa9t ,anne sits hold+ ! apple4 ,x seems /range t %e %\ld1 b x is to be rememb]$ t 9 ,g]man popul> religion & 9 ,g]man art ,sa9t ,anne holds an important place4 ,alt>s 7 (t5 d$icat$ to h]1 & ! holy family might1 9 a mann]1 be call$ h] attribute4 ,frequ5tly ,sa9t ,anne & ! ,virg9 are depict$ seat$ on "o seat1 app>5tly ) equal possessive rights ov] ! ,holy ,*ild1 :o /&s betwe5 !m4 ,!re is also t /range allegorical conception usually /yl$ #8,mutt] ,anna selb-dritt1' :]e ,sa9t ,anne sits ) ! ,infant ,*ri/ on "o knee & ! ,*ild-,virg9 on ! o!r4 ,%e 0 ! ,virg9's ne>e/ blood-relation1 & if ! ,virg9 0 )\t s91 x 0 ,anne1 born 9 s9 b ! ,"m ( ,8 ,"m1 :o mo/ ne>ly connect$ ! inc>nate ,godhead ) ! err+ human race4 ,x 0 p]haps fitt+1 !re=e1 t %e1 repres5t+ s9ful humanity1 %\ld (f] to ! ,savi\r ! fruit ( ! ,fall1 :i* 9 ,8 h& w\ld become ! fruit ( ,r$emption4 ,at o!r times x is ,m>y :o holds ! fruit1 b (f]+ x to ! ,savi\r1 :o raises ,8 h& to take x4 ,%e1 z ! second ,eve1 places 9 ,8 h& ! apple by :i* mank9d is to be r$eem$1 n lo/1 s9ce %e1 by giv+ ,him a human body1 _h made t r$emption possible4 ,9 ! ,cors9i ,gall]y#caf !re is a picture1 attribut$ to ,hugo van d] ,goes1 9 :i* ,"m & ,*ild hold ea* a fruit4 ,at fir/ sight x seems z if x 7 a pres5tm5t 9 "o picture ( ,*ri/ z ! second ,adam1 & ,m>y z ! second ,eve1 ) a d\bl+ ( ! symbolism ( ! apple :i* w\ld be illogical4 ,b ! fruit held by ,m>y is di/9ctly a pe>1 t held by ,*ri/ app>5tly an apple4 ,! arti/ has1 !re=e1 discrim9at$ betwe5 ! apple ( damnation & ! sweet]1 mell[] fruit1 :i* may be ! symbol ( ,r$emption1 = ! ,holy ,*ild seems to be 9 ! act ( ex*ang+ "o = ! o!r4 ,?is may possibly also expla9 ! ?\ght 9 ! m9d ( ! ,fr5* ivory-cutt]s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 = !y1 too1 n infrequ5tly1 plac$ a small r\nd fruit resembl+ an apple 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/ & a l>g] pe>-%ap$ fruit 9 t ( ,8 "m1 ?\gh !y give little indication ( any action ( ex*ange4 ,nor!rn art1 ?\gh reali/ic1 0 v placid1 &1 except 9 sc5es f ! ,passion1 q unm>k$ by ! sometimes pa9ful pa?os ( ! ,italian & ,spani% s*ools4 ,9 ! ,madonna pictures ! only fa9t rem9d] ( ! trag$y = :i* ! ,*ild 0 born into ! _w is ! rosy-*eek$ apple 9 ! t9y h&4 ,! "m is satisfi$ & untr\bl$1 ! ,*ild smil+ happily1 & an apple is a natural1 pleasant ?+ to place )9 a baby's h&4 ,rub5s pa9t$ a delightful #8,holy ,family b5ea? an ,apple ,tree'#cag--;a little sc5e ( idyllic happ9ess2 & sc>cely noticeable is ! pa!tic sugge/ion ( ! bran* ( apples :i* ,za*>ias holds t[>ds ! little ,*ri/4 ,! %ift+ ( !ological & arti/ic /&po9ts at ! ,re=mation 9 no way di/urb$ ! ,nor!rn love ( ,old ,te/am5t analogies or ! affection = ?is p>ticul> symbol1 & 9 ,g]many "o ( its mo/ *>m+ developm5ts 0 ! ,*ri/mas tree1 ! ev]gre5 tree lad5 ) gold5 & silv] apples1 set up 9 e home to commemorate ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,x is ! ,tree ( ,ed51 :i* ,*ri/ by ,8 bir? & dea? transmut$ into a tree ( ,p>adise4 ,! apple is ! mo/ usual fruit 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 b "s ,flemi% pa9t]s ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury give ,him grapes in/ead4 ,! grapes symbolize ! div9e blood by :i* s\ls lo/ ?r\gh ,adam's fall are r$eem$4 ,g]>d ,david#cah puts a clu/] ( :ite grapes 9 ! t9y h&2 ,lucas van ,leyd5#cai :ite grapes also ) leaves & t5drils2 & 9 ano!r picture ,lucas van ,leyd5#cbj places ! apple & ! grapes toge!r ^u ! broad l$ge 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,9 ?is la/ !re is ! same idea ( ex*ange :i* is f\nd m cle>ly express$ 9 ! picture by ,mabuse at ,b]l94 ,?is sub/itution ( ! fruit ( ! v9e = ! apple ( ,ed5 seems only to be f\nd 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,9 a v beautiful picture by ,botticelli1 ! grapes held by ! angel h a simpl] mean+4 ,!y1 ) ! corn1 are ! direct emblems ( ! body & ! blood ( ! ,savi\r1 & =etell ! com+ sacrifice ( ,8 dea?2 ! symbolism is id5tical ) t ( ! embroid]$ v9e-leaves & :eat-e>s ( s _m mod]n alt> frontals4#cba ,v (t51 z ^u ! faade ( ,orvieto ,ca!dral1 ! fig-tree is tak5 z ! ,tree ( ,temptation1 =1 x might be argu$1 our fir/ p>5ts w\ld take to make !mselves g>m5ts ! leaves ( ! tree ne>e/ to _! h&1 ! leaves ( t same tree ( ^: fruit !y _h j eat54 #8,x is possible t ! erotic significance :i* ! fig _h among ! anci5ts 0 also consid]$ 9 ?is connection1'#cbb & x is probably because ( its classical associations t ! fig 0 nev] plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,savi\r4 ,except z ! =bidd5 fruit ! fig is n f\nd 9 ,italian or ,flemi% ecclesia/ical art1 b 9 ,g]many !re appe>s to h be5 no prejudice aga9/ x4 ,x is pa9t$ frequ5tly 9 ! ,madonna pictures4 ,a small fig-tree ov]%ad[s ! cot ( ! ,infant ,*ri/ 9 a picture by ,mat?ias ,grnewald2#cbc ,hans ,burgkmair#cbd pa9ts x ) ! rose1 ! iris1 ! columb9e & o!r attributes ( ! ,virg92 ,hans ,holbe9#cbe ! ,y\ng] sets 8 ,sa9t ,ursula aga9/ a fig-tree2 & x is ! only gr[+ ?+ introduc$ 9 8 be/-kn[n "w1 ! beautiful ,madonna ( ! ,brgomei/] ,mey]4#cbf ,^! fig-trees1 unlike ! b>r5 fig-tree ( ,scripture1 always be> fruit & appe> to be ! symbols ( a holy life ri* ) ! fruits ( ! ,_s4 ,,xxi ,,! ,,g\rd ,9 ! works ( ,crivelli1 :o pa9t$ 9 ! cities ( ! ,m>*es betwe5 #adfh & #adic1 ! apple repeat$ly occurs ) a g\rd laid close beside x4 ,9 ! #8,annunciation'#cbg !y are toge!r ^u ! =egr\nd's edge4 ,9 #8,! ,infant ,*ri/ giv+ ! ,keys to ,sa9t ,pet]'#cbh ! apple lies on ! gr\nd & ! g\rd is susp5d$ on ! "r h& ( ! ?rone4 ,9 ! tripty* 9 ! ,br]a !y hang =w>d prom95tly f ! wrea? above ! ,madonna's head4 ,!y are aga9 susp5d$1 s+ly1 ea* side ( ! head ( ,sa9t ,giacomo della ,m>ca#cbi 7sometimes tak5 to be ,sa9t ,b]nad9e71 ton+ ) ! col\r s*eme1 :i* has all ! subdu$ ri*ness ( old ,cordova lea!r2 & exactly ! same apple & g\rd lie on a l$ge be=e ! #8,madonna ) ! ,*ild' by ,francia1#ccj & h ! id5tical position 9 an #8,en?ron$ ,madonna' by ,lor5zo da ,san ,sev]9o4#cca ,z ! gr\p+ ( ^! two fruits is s insi/5tly repeat$ !re is reason to ?9k t x 0 no *ance arrangem5t4 ,! pa9t] seems to atta* "s def9ite mean+ to _! juxtaposition1 & s9ce n ,crivelli only1 b also ,francia & ,lor5zo da ,san ,sev]9o1 place !m toge!r1 & well =w>d 9 ! picture :]e ! eye _c miss !m1 !y are app>5tly recogniz$ symbols1 n ! :im ( a s+le pa9t]4 ,! apple is1 probably1 "h z else:]e1 ! fatal fruit ( ,ed51 & ! g\rd may repres5t ! fruit :i* is to be ! antidote1 9 ! same s5se t ! grape is occasionally us$ by pa9t]s ( ! e>ly ,flemi% s*ool4 ,9 ?is case ! g\rd w\ld repres5t ! ,resurrection & be ! revival ( a v anci5t symbol :i* has an int]e/+ hi/ory4 ,among ! wall pa9t+s ( ! ,catacombs ! /ory ( ,jonah is v repeat$ly f\nd4 ,he is tak5 z ! type ( ! ris5 ,*ri/1#ccb s9ce ,*ri/ ,himself1 answ]+ ! ,ph>isees1 made ! comp>ison4 ,he is repres5t$ bo? z be+ ca/ up by ! fi% &1 9 ! ensu+ incid5t ( 8 hi/ory1 repos+ "u ! g\rd on ! ea/ side ( ! city ( ,n9eveh4 ,! fir/ subject be+ c]ta9ly grotesque1 x became m usual to depict him b5ea? ! boo? cov]$ ) long-%ap$ g\rds1 & 8 sleep+ figure 7usually ) ! legs cross$7 is f\nd con/antly bo? among ! ,catacomb pa9t+s & on fragm5ts ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian gild$ glass4 ,above him !re is always ! same p]gola-l boo? ) ! hang+ g\rds4 ,"o small disk ( gold-ornam5t$ ,catacomb glass#ccc has ^u x ! usual g\rd1 b bel[1 9 place ( ,jonah1 !re is a l>ge fi% 7,i*?ys71 an emblem ( ,*ri/ dat+ f ! second c5tury4 ,?us ! type ( ,*ri/ has be5 replac$ by ,8 emblem1 b ! g\rd1 by association symbol ( ,8 ,resurrection1 rema9s4 ,!re=e 9 ^! pictures by ,crivelli ! apple w\ld be ! symbol ( our dea? by ! act ( ,adam1 & ! g\rd ( our ,resurrection by ! act ( ! second ,adam1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 a picture ( ! ,fall1 pa9t$ 9 #aegj by ,floris ,francesco ( ,antw]p1#ccd ,adam sits ^u ! gr\nd :ile ,eve (f]s him an apple f ! tree4 ,on ! e>? beside ,adam lies a v l>ge g\rd4 ,?is g\rd may only exemplify ! fruitfulness ( ,ed51 or x may be ano!r example ( ! anti!tical use ( ?is symbol4 ,,xxii ,,! ,,pomegranate ,n]i di ,bicci1#cce ,fra ,angelico1#ccf ,filippo ,lippi#ccg & o!r arti/s ( ! fifte5? c5tury pa9t$ ! ,infant ,savi\r ) a pomegranate 9 ,8 h&4 ,on ! wall ( ! ,b>gello1#cch 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,pode/1 is a fresco$ ,p>adise1 :i* conta9s a figure long believ$ to be a portrait ( ,dante by ,giotto4 ,he is se5 9 pr(ile1 we>+ ! *>act]i/ic hood1 & holds 9 8 h& a small bran* on :i* are two ripe pomegranates4 ,! fresco is n n[ consid]$ to be by ,giotto1 nor ! portrait contemporane\s1 b t w\ld n mat]ially affect ! mean+ ( ! pomegranates1 if !y be a symbol1 s9ce ! pa9t+ dates f ! la/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,7 x n = ,dante's pomegranate !re w\ld be no p>ticul> reason to ?9k t ! arti/s ( ! #8,quattroc5to' meant m ?an simply to indicate "s heav5ly fruit :5 !y plac$ ! pomegranate 9 ! h& ( ! ,*ild ,*ri/4 ,9 accordance ) ! ,byzant9e tradition to :i* ,si5a held1 !y reg>d$ ,him z ! ,royal ,*ild come to e>? ) ,heav5ly gifts 9 ,8 h&2 !y _h n yet adopt$ ! symbolism ( ! ,nor?1 :i* saw 9 ! ,infant ,*ri/ ! second ,adam1 hold+ ! fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil1 ?\gh inde$ ,botticelli1 :o almo/ always gives "s indication ( com+ sorr[ 9 ,*ri/'s *ildhood1 seems to h f\nd "s sad inn] mean+ 9 ! symbol4 ,b 9 ,dante's h& ! fruit c\ld n be ! fruit ( ,p>adise1 & x may !re=e h "s fur!r mean+ ev5 :5 held by ! ,infant ,savi\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,botticelli ,photo ,brogi ,,! ,,*ild ,,) ,,! ,,pomegranate ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,,angels ,,) ,,lilies ,,& ,,rose-,,g>l&s 7,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce7 ,walt] ,pat] writes3 #8,! my/ical fruit1 :i* because ( ! multitude ( its se$s 0 to ! ,romans a symbol ( fecundity 444 to ! middle age became a symbol ( ! fruitful e>? itself2 & !n ( t o!r se$ s[n 9 ! d>k und]world2 & at la/ ( ! :ole hidd5 region1 :i* ,dante visit$4444 ,botticelli putt+ x into ! *ildi% h&s ( ,him1 :o1 if m5 w5t d[n into hell1 is !re also4' ,s1 z ! symbol ( ! life on ! o!r side ( dea?1 ! pomegranate is exce$+ly well plac$ :5 giv5 to ! writ] ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 & x is ev5 m appropriate 9 ! h& ( ! inc>nate ,godhead--,he :o holds our future de/9ies 9 ! holl[ ( ,8 palm4 ,b x is difficult to asc]ta9 if ?is 0 really ! ?\ght 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,flor5t9e arti/s4 ,mrs ,jameson consid]s ! pomegranate to be ! symbol ( immortality1 or1 %[+ ! se$s1 ( hope 9 et]nity4 ,b x w\ld sc>cely be ! symbol ( immortality 9 ! ,infant ,savi\r's h&1 s9ce ! symbol s plac$ is nev] ,8 exclusive attribute1 b ! indication ( "s relation%ip ) humanity4 ,b %[+ ! se$s--& ! se$s are usually %[n--x might be ! symbol ( a hope 9 et]nity :i* ,he gives to man1 ! p>allel ly+ 9 ! unexpect$ sweetness ( ! fruit )9 ! h>d r9d4 ,b possibly ! au?ority foll[$ by ! ma/]s ( ! #8,quattroc5to1' or by ^? *ur*m5 :o gave !m _! commissions1 0 ,gregory ! ,great1 = he says3 #8,! pomegranate is ! emblem ( congregations because ( its _m se$s3 also emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* because ( ! inn] unity ( c\ntless se$s 9 "o & ! same fruit4 ,foll[+ ?is int]pretation1 ! pomegranate1 :5 c>ri$ by ,dante or any o!r be+ ( mortal bir?1 w\ld indicate 8 fai? 9 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,9 ,nor!rn art ! pomegranate is v r>e4 ,! ,flemi% arti/s ignore x1 & ^? few ,g]man arti/s :o pa9t x are ^? :o _h come "u ,italian influ5ce4 ,& x does n seem entirely cle> :e!r ^? ,g]man arti/s :o1 l ,hans ,burgkmair1#cci pa9t x 9 ! ,infant ,*ri/'s h&1 give to ! ,s\!rn fruit ! ,s\!rn significance1 or if = !m x becomes ! fruit ( ,ed5 9 ! h& ( ! second ,adam4 ,9 sc5es repres5t+ diff]5t ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 trees ( pomegranates are occasionally introduc$4 ,giovanni di ,paolo sets ! #8,nativity'#cdj 9 an or*>d ( pomegranates1 & 9 a ,flor5t9e picture ( ! f\rte5? c5tury#cda ! newly-ris5 ,*ri/ is surr\nd$ by palms1 pomegranates & fl[]s4 ,^! pomegranates1 h[ev]1 d n seem to be us$ attributively b m]ely to give "s slight geographical indication4 ,be?lehem 0 an ,ea/]n city2 ! tomb ( ,*ri/ 0 9 an ,ea/]n g>d54 ,! pomegranate is also1 !oretically1 ! emblem ( ! ,virg94 #8,9 ! symbolism ( ! cult ( ,m>y1 ! ripe pomegranate1 because ( its pleasant fragrance & its num]\s se$s1 repres5ts h] beauty & _m virtues1 b ! gradually-develop+ fruit ref]s to h] life4'#cdb #8,! pomegranate ) its cr[n$ top is h] z que51 & typifies also hope & fruitfulness1 ! 8,virg9itas fecunda0 ( ! octave ( ,*ri/mas4'#cdc ,j]emy ,taylor1 9 a beautiful passage1 describes ,m>y z ! pomegranate tree & ,*ri/ z ! fruit4 #8,:5 ! ,holy ,virg9 n[ p]ceiv$ t ! expectation ( ! nations 0 arriv$ at ! v doors ( revelation & entrance into ! _w1 %e br\ght =? ! ,holy ,jesus1 :o1 l light ?r\gh a transp>5t glass1 pa/ ?r\gh1 or a ripe pomegranate f a fruitful tree1 fell to ! e>?1 )\t do+ viol5ce to its nurse & p>5t4' ,9 art1 h[ev]1 ! pomegranate is v seldom us$ z ! attribute ( ! ,virg94 ,occasionally ! ,flor5t9e ma/]s ornam5t ! ,virg9's ?rone ) knobs :i* m or less resemble ! fruit1 & ,flemi% arti/s1 ,meml+ 9 p>ticul>1 place beh9d h] a brocad$ panel ( ! well-kn[n pomegranate design4 ,b ^! pomegranate knobs 7 a v usual detail 9 c>v$ "w1 & ! pomegranate patt]n1 :i* /ill p]si/s1 0 a /&>d design ( ! silk-weav]s ( ,france & ,italy4 ,! fruit itself is n us$ by ! old] ma/]s4 ,ev5 ,crivelli1 :o lavi%es fruit ( almo/ e sort ^u 8 sl5d]1 long-figur$ ,madonnas1 leaves ! pomegranate aside4 ,9 mod]n "w1 ,pode/i1 9 8 va/ fresco ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1#cdd has plac$ a l>ge s+le pomegranate ^u a book arrang$ prom95tly 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,x is ! symbol1 app>5tly1 ( ! fruitfulness ( ! ,virg94 ,! anci5t ,jews ornam5t$ _! temple ) ! pomegranate1 & _! high prie/'s robes 7 bord]$ ) alt]nate bells & pomegranates4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 too1 !y h be5 admitt$ z decoration1 ?\gh n ) any v cle> & def9ite symbolical significance4 ,!re is a v h&some sev5te5?-c5tury alt>-rail ( m>ble on :i* re/ c&le/icks & huge brass pomegranates be=e ! high alt> 9 ! anci5t *ur* ( ,s4 ,cecilia 9 ,rome2 & a great bronze pomegranate1 worn by mu* c>ess+1 is on ! balu/rade 9 ! t9y *apel :i* 0 once ! ba?room ( ! sa9t4 ,,xxiii ,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,! /rawb]ry /&s ap>t f all o!r symbolical fruits4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,italian1 ,flemi% & ,g]man art1 & also 9 ! ,engli% m9iatures4 ,!re is a f9ely-execut$ ,spani% m9iature ( ! sixte5? c5tury 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! ,pelican 9 h] ,piety is 9 ! c5tre & ! bord] is =m$ ( roses alt]nat+ ) /rawb]ries4 ,z a symbol x is n only widespread1 b ( comp>atively e>ly orig94 ,9 ,si5a x appe>s z a fl[] ( ,heav51 gr[+ ) lilies1 violets & c>nations1 9 ! #8,p>adise' ( ,giovanni di ,paolo pa9t$ 9 #adde2cde &1 almo/ at ! same "t1 a ma/] ( ! ,upp] ,rh9e pa9t$ ! well-kn[n #8,madonna ( ! ,/rawb]ries1'#cdf :i* repres5ts ! ,virg9 sitt+ ^u ! edge ( a rais$ b$ fill$ ) exquisitely-r5d]$ /rawb]ries4 ,beh9d is a h$ge ( roses1 & at h] feet violets & lilies ( ! valley4 ,9 ! =egr\nd is a small figure ( ! donor kneel+ among tufts ( sn[drops4 ,! sn[drop is r>e z a symbol 7?\gh by no means misplac$ 9 a ,madonna picture1 hav+ all ! qualities1 except ! p]fume1 ( ! lily ( ! valley71 & x 0 probably ! individual fancy ( ! donor4 ,! /rawb]ry is n m5tion$ 9 ,scripture1 nei!r does x seem to h be5 rem>k$ by ^? ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* :o conc]n$ !mselves ) symbolism1 b x 0 v successful 9 its appeal to ! arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x is a v p]fect fruit1 ) nei!r ?orns nor /one1 b sweet1 s(t & delici\s ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,its fl[]s are ( ! :it5ess ( innoc5ce & its leaves almo/ ( ! sacr$ trefoil =m1 & s9ce x gr[s ^u ! gr\nd1 n on a tree1 !re is no possibility ( its be+ ! dread fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k4 ,its mean+ always appe>s to be ! same2 x is ! symbol ( p]fect righte\sness1 or ! emblem ( ! righte\s man ^: fruits are good works4 ,z ! symbol ( p]fect righte\sness1 9 ,italy x is *iefly us$ 9 #8,adorations1' :]e ! ,infant ,*ri/ is laid ^u ! gr\nd among ! grass4 ,botticelli seems to h be5 ! fir/ to h plac$ x among ! violets & daisies1 b he _h _m foll[]s1 & a v *>m+ picture1 ) ! little sc>let b]ries 9 ! =egr\nd1 is ! #8,adoration' by ,p]ug9o1 n[ 9 ,muni*4 ,botticelli may1 h[ev]1 h borr[$ ! symbol f ,giovanni di ,paolo1#cdg :o pa9t$ a small m9utely-f9i%$ picture ( ! ,virg91 seat$ on a cu%ion1 ) ! ,holy ,*ild 9 h] arms4 ,beh9d are fruit trees & /rawb]ries1 violets & c>nations are at h] feet1 & s9ce x 0 usual 9 ,si5a1 9 pictures :]e ! ,infant ,savi\r appe>s1 to ref] all symbols to ,him1 !y are ,8 attributes4 ,9 ,g]man art ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 on ! o!r h&1 ! symbolical plants1 includ+ ! /rawb]ry1 :i* appe>s 9 ! my/ical #8,enclos$ ,g>d5s1' express ! virtues ( ,m>y4 ,! symbolical /rawb]ry is almo/ inv>iably accompani$ by ! violet1 f :i* we may ga!r t ! truly fruitful s\l is always humble4 ,,xxiv ,,fruit ,,9 ,,g>l&s ,fruit 9 g5]al signifies #8! fruits ( ! ,_s--joy1 peace & love4' ,& !re=e ! pa9t]s ( ,nor!rn ,italy wove pea* & plum1 apples & grapes into heavy g>l&s1 :i* !y loop$ above ! place :]e ! ,holy ,*ild sat en?ron$ ^u ,8 "m's knee1 or !y laid fre%1 ripe fruit ^u ! /ep :]e ! ,virg9's feet 7 re/+4 ,! wrea? ( fruit1 :5 fe/oon$ beh9d or bel[ a sa9t1 0 m p>ticul>ly a symbol ( ! good works ( ! righte\s2 :5 loop$ above 8 head1 x is a fe/al wrea? equall+ ! victor's cr[n4 ,su* a wrea? is t ( m+l$ fruit & fl[]s above ! head ( ,mantegna's #8,triumphant ,sa9t ,george4'#cdh ,b ! fruit 9 _m ( ! devotional pictures ( ! e>li] ,v5etian ma/]s w\ld seem1 l ! rose g>d5s ( ,flor5ce1 to be p>tly votive4 ,!y wi%$ to give ( _! be/1 & ! cool fruit :i* came 9 high-pil$ boats to ! g>d5less city among ! lagoons seem$ inf9itely preci\s to !m--m preci\s1 = !y 7 a practical race ( trad]s1 ?an ! fragile blossoms ( ephem]al fl[]s4 ,besides1 except = p9ks1 :i*1 judg+ f v>i\s pictures1 grew !n z n[ 9 pots along ! balconies1 fl[]s to s]ve z models 7 r>e 9 ,v5ice4 ,g>l&s ( fruit1 excell5tly modell$ b some:at want+ 9 s(tness & bloom1 are especially rem>kable 9 ! "w ( ! pupils ( ,squ>cione1 :o taught 9 ,padua dur+ ! la/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,?is fam\s ,s*ool ( ,art is kn[n to h be5 well furni%$ ) anci5t m>bles ( ,greek & ,roman orig91 & x is to be suppos$ t !re ! pupils acquir$ a love = ! classical fe/oon$ wrea?4 ,mantegna's wrea?s1 & ^? 9 ! e>li] "w ( ,crivelli1 are firmly b\nd & =mal4 ,b lat]1 ,crivelli laid classicism aside1 pa9t+ fruit ) a fre$om & pr(usion :i* is q 8 own1 ?\gh !re is ev] ! feel+ t x is sculptur$ & col\r$ /one1 n s(t & p]fum$ fruit-fle%4 ,he1 9 "o picture1 pa9ts fruit decoratively1 b\nd ) its foliage into a sort ( b[] = ! ,virg91 places x symbolically 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 & also lays x z a votive (f]+ at ! ,virg9's feet4#cdi ,9 a picture by ,giorgio ,s*iavone1 ano!r pupil ( ,squ>cione1 odd little angels (f] di%es ( fruit to ! ,infant ,*ri/4#cej ,b1 except 9 ,nor!rn ,italy1 fruit 9 g>l&s 0 m us$ 9 decoration ?an 9 devotional pictures4 ,magnific5t wrea?s ( c>v$ /one fruit & foliage droop on ei!r side ( ! great circul> w9d[s ( ,si5a ,ca!dral2 !re are heavy pa9t$ wrea?s ( x b5ea? ! figures ( ! ,apo/les 9 ! *apel ( ! ,vatican decorat$ by ,fra ,angelico2 & ! ,della ,robbias enclos$ "s ( _! mo/ lovely works1 ) apples1 pe>s1 lemons1 p9e-cones & pomegranates1 gr[+ /iffly & beautifully into a symmetrical bord]4 ,fruit-=ms 71 inde$1 inf9itely bett] suit$ to ! ,della ,robbia m$ium ?an 7 ! delicate petals ( fl[]s4 ,! ,flor5t9es1 too1 (t5 plac$ _! ,madonnas 9 elaborate wood5 frames ( c>v$ & gild$ fruit--rememb]+ p]haps ! epi!t ( ,sa9t ,b]n>d1 :o /yl$ ! ,virg9 ,m>y #8! sublime fruit ( ! e>?1'#cea f9d+ 9 h] ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy3 #8,9 t day %all ! bran* ( ! ,"l be beautiful & glori\s1 & ! fruit ( ! e>? %all be excell5t & comely4'#ceb ,b _m ( ^! g>l&s ( fruit1 or ( mix$ fruit & fl[]s1 are entirely decorative ) no hidd5 mean+4 ,!y 7 a v usual fe/al decoration 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & :5 swung above ! head ( ,meml+'s #8,en?ron$ ,madonna1'#cec !y are no m a symbol ?an is ! c>pet b5ea? h] feet1 = an almo/ id5tical wrea?1 held 9 place by ! same small putti1 is above ! ?rone 9 ,g]>d ,david's #8,judgm5t ( ,cambyses1'#ced :ile "o :i* is v simil> hangs above ! en?ron$ #8,emp]or ,sigis mondo1'#cee incis$ ^u ! pavem5t ( ,si5a ,ca!dral4 ,^! wrea?s di/+ui% ! ?rone z be+ m ?an an ord9>y seat1 b1 beyond vaguely indicat+ pomp & spl5d\r1 !y h no special mean+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,sacr$ ,he>t 7#ai? ,c5tury--,g]man7 ,,! ,,p>adise ,,( ,,giovanni ,,di ,,paolo ,9 ! ,gall]y ( ,si5a !re is a panel by ,giovanni di ,paola1 ! contempor>y & occasional assi/ant ( ! bett]-kn[n ,sano di ,pietro4 ,! panel1 :i* 0 pa9t$ 9 #adec1 repres5ts ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 &1 naturally1 x is ! portion ( x :i* is giv5 to ,p>adise1 t is int]e/+ because ( its fl[] symbolism4 ,heav5 is depict$ z a hill1 = 9 ! #ae? c5tury ! prophet ,esdras 0 ! au?ority reli$ on = descriptions ( ! heav5ly l&1 & ,p>adise1 he says1 has #8sev5 mighty m\nta9s on :i* gr[ roses & lilies4'#cef ,at ! summit ( ! hill !re are six fruit-be>+ trees1 = ! prophet cont9ues1 #8,sai? ! ,"l1 444 ,i h sanctifi$ & prep>$ = !e twelve trees lad5 ) div]se fruit4'#ceg ,!re are six trees1 n twelve1 9 ?is picture1 =1 by a conv5tion common en\gh 9 e>ly art1 :]e ! space did n admit ( a c]ta9 numb]1 t numb] 0 halv$4 ,b5ea? ! trees w&] ! happy s\ls1 ( :om ! great] "p appe> to h tak5 holy ord]s :5 9 ! fle%4 ,^? j arriv$ are welcom$ joyfully by ! angels or by fri5ds :o _h prec$$ !m4 ,on ! grassy bank !re are lilies1 ! symbol ( purity2 ! c>nation1 equall+ ! rose z ! fl[] ( div9e love1 ! violet ( humility & ! /rawb]ry1 ^: fruit symbolises ! good works ( ! righte\s4 ,^! are ! values ( ! fl[]s z symbols2 z emblems !y translate ?is ,heav5 z a p]fect$ c\nt]-"p ( ! ,*ur* ^u ,e>?1 #8=' says ,dur&us1 comm5t+ on ! text1 #8,see ! smell ( my son is z ! smell ( a field :i* ! ,"l ha? bless$4' #8,?is field is ! ,*ur*1 :i* is v]dant ) fl[]s1 :i* %9e? ) virtues1 :i* is fragrant ) good works2 & :]e9 be ! roses ( m>tyrs1 ! lilies ( virg9s1 ! violets ( confessors1 & ! v]dure ( beg9n]s 9 ! fai?4' ,foll[+ ! same au?ority1 ! trees are emblems ( righte\s m51 ri* 9 good works4#ceh ,s = ?ree diff]5t reasons ! fl[]s 9 ?is pa9t$ ,p>adise appeal$ to ! dev\t4 ,!y help to give a reali/ic picture ( ,heav51 pres5t+ 9 =m & col\r ! description ( ! prophet2 !y express my/ically ! ,*ri/ian graces2 !y repres5t1 to ! in/ruct$1 ! b&s ( m>tyrs1 ! *oirs ( virg9s1 & ! c\ntless happy s\ls = :i* ! pa9t] _h no space4 ,! little *ildi% be+s1 ) w\nds ^u _! necks or sides1 are ! ,holy ,innoc5ts4 ,two climb up ! lilies :i* are _! attributes z virg9 m>tyrs4 ,?\gh unbaptis$1 ! ,innoc5ts1 s9ce !y di$ = ,*ri/1 7 p]mitt$ to ent] ,heav54 ,9 ! =egr\nd1 among ! violets1 are h>es1 ! h>e be+ an anci5t emblem ( a ,*ri/ian1 f\nd$ ^u ! words ( ,t]tullian3 #8,^u u1 z 7 we h>es1 is ! hunt let loose4'#cei ,also ! e>ly naturali/s av]r$ t ! h>e slept ) 8 eyes op52 :5ce ! pray] ( ,sa9t ,mectilda3 #8,grant1 ,o ,"l1 t1 l ! h>e1 ,i may wat* = ,!e 9 ,_s1 ev5 :ile my body takes its ne$ful repose4'#cfj ,illu/ration3 ,giovanni di ,paolo ,photo ,brogi ,,p>adise 7,in/ituto delle ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a7 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,heav5 ,,by ,,hub]t ,,van ,,eyke ,on ! #f? ( ,may1 #adcb1 ! great alt>-piece pa9t$ by ,hub]t & ,jan van ,eyke1 entitl$ #8,! ,adoration ( ! ,my/ic ,lamb1' 0 erect$ z a f9i%$ "w 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,bavon 9 ,gh5t4 ,ea* ( its twelve panels is extremely int]e/+ b ! detail :i* is mo/ important 9 connection ) fl[] symbolism is ! cr[n ( ! ,madonna4 ,m>y z ,que5 ( ,heav51 is seat$ on ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 h] head is slightly b[$ z %e reads f ! book :i* %e holds op54 ,h] cr[n is ( gold1 set ) pe>ls1 sapphires & rubies4 ,above ea* l>ge squ>e-cut ruby is plac$ a lily ) two d>k-blue columb9es at its base4 ,above ! sapphires & alt]nate ) ! lilies1 are roses1 ea* surm\nt$ by ?ree sl5d] /alks ( lily ( ! valley4 ,a clu/] ( diaphan\s gold />s =m a sort ( aureole4 ,! symbolism ( jewels is complicat$ & confus$1 v>y+ ) diff]5t au?orities1 b t ( fl[]s is almo/ always un*ang$4 ,9 ?is cr[n ! lilium c&idum1 :i* takes ! place ( ! gold5 fleurs-de-lys t ornam5t ! cr[ns ( e>?ly que5s1 indicates ! purity ( body & ( s\l by :i* ! ,virg9 _h f\nd fav\r 9 ,god's sight4 ,! roses1 ?ree 9 numb]1 d5ote ! ,div9e ,love ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 & s9ce ^! are plac$1 ?\gh s+ly1 9 a cr[n1 !y hold also "s measure ( heav5ly joy4 ,! sev5 blooms ( ! columb9e1 symbolize ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :i*1 :5 attribut$ to ! ,virg91 are1 ,fai?1 ,hope1 ,*>ity1 ,ju/ice1 ,prud5ce1 ,temp]ance1 & ,/r5g?4 ,! lily ( ! valley1 f\nd only 9 nor!rn symbolism1 typifies ! meekness & #8l[ e/ate' ( ! #8h&-maid ( ! ,"l4' ,! twelve />s sugge/$ by ! />ry cr[n ( ! ,apocalypse1 are said by "s au?orities to repres5t ! twelve ,apo/les1 illu/rat+ ,m>y's title ( #8,reg9a ,apo/olorum4' ,! #8great wond]' _h appe>$ 9 ,heav5 & ! lily-l maid 0 n[ a que51 #8! woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4' ,illu/ration3 ,hub]t van ,eyke ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,heav5 7,f copy by ,coxie1 ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*7 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds ,,by ,,hugo ,,van ,,d] ,,goes4 ,!re has be5 lately plac$ 9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ! l>ge #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds1' by ,hugo van d] ,goes1 :i* 0 pa9t$ betwe5 #adgj & #adge by ord] ( ,tommaso ,port9>i1 ag5t ( ! ,m$ici 9 ,bruges1 = ! ,*apel ( ! ,flor5t9e ,hospital ( ,santa ,m>ia ,nuova4 ,x is a trypti*4 ,on ! side w+s are ! donor & 8 family2 9 ! c5tre is ! #8,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds4' ,^u ! gr\nd 9 ! c\rty>d ( a /able1 ! ,holy ,*ild lies 9 a pool ( light emanat+ f ,himself4 ,8 "m kneels beside ,him1 & pla9 little angels ) jewell$ head-dresses =m a circle r\nd !m4 ,to ! "r is a gr\p ( ador+ %eph]ds--to ! left ,sa9t ,joseph4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( ! picture1 be=e ! ,infant ,*ri/1 !re lies a %eaf ( corn4 ,!re are also two vases4 ,"o is ( pott]y1 ) a conv5tional design ( grapes & v9e leaves1 & is fill$ ) orange lilies & ! purple & ! :ite iris4 ,9 ! o!r1 :i* is ( transp>5t glass1 !re is columb9e & ?ree r$ c>nations2 ^u ! gr\nd are scatt]$ blue & :ite violets4 ,ea* fl[] is pa9t$ ) ! mo/ exquisite precision4 ,"h ! fl[] symbols all emphasize ! spiritual significance ( ! sc5e4 ,! scatt]$ violets symbolize humility1 = ! ,k+ ( ,heav5 lies on ! gr\nd z a little ,*ild4 ,! :ite ones among !m may d5ote ! innoc5ce ( ,8 babyhood4 ,! transp>5t glass s (t5 se5 9 ,annunciations1 is ! symbol ( ,8 immaculate conception1 ! gr\p ( c>nations1 alike 9 %ape & col\r1 typifies ! div9e love ( ! triune ,godhead1 :i* mov$ ! ,son to take a human =m = our salvation4 ,! sev5 blossoms ( ! columb9e1 ! fl[] ( ! dove1 are symbols ( ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s ) :i* ,he 0 end[$ at bir?4 ,! lilies 9 ! vase are ,8 own emblem z ! ,k+ ( ,heav51 s9ce ,he said3 #8,i am ! fl[] ( ! field1 & ! lily ( ! valleys4' ,!y are n ! lilium c&idum1 ! fl[] ( ! ,madonna's purity1 b ! royal lilies ( ! field1 orange1 purple & :ite4 ,ev5 ,solomon1 9 gold1 purple & f9e l951 #80 n array$ l "o ( ^!4' ,la/ly !re is ! v9e1 pictur$ ^u ! vase1 & ! %eaf ( corn1 ! eu*>i/ic sub/ances :i* 9 ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 repeat ! sacrifice = :i* ,he 0 born into ! _w z a little *ild4 ,x has be5 said1 & reproa*fully1 ( ! ,nor!rn arti/s t !y pref]r$ gold1 jewels & ri* embroid]ies to ! m ephem]al lovel9ess ( fl[]s4 ,?is dictum may be j :5 appli$ to ! e>ly ,g]man s*ools2 ( ,flemi% ,art x is n true4 ,9 ?is picture1 = in/ance1 ! little angels are ri*ly dress$ b n rose-cr[n$ l _! ,flor5t9e c\s9s4 ,!y we> in/ead circlets ( preci\s /ones & pe>ls1 f :i* spr+ aigrettes ) p5dant jewels4 ,!y c>ry no fl[]s & no fl[]s are us$ to fill vacant spaces 9 ! picture4 ,fl[]s are res]v$ in/ead = ! highe/ use ( all & are plac$ 9 ! =efront ( ! sc5e to repres5t ! virtues ( ! ,holy ,"o4 ,hugo van d] ,goes has pa9t$ almo/ ^! same fl[]s ( ! ,adoration 9 8 ,fall4#cfa ,adam & ,eve /& b5ea? ! tree f :i* ,eve rea*es an apple4 ,! liz>d-bodi$ tempt] /&s beh9d4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! =egr\nd1 9 front ( ! figures1 is ! iris1 ! columb9e1 ! violet1 a rose-bu% n yet 9 bloom & ! /rawb]ry4 ,!re is also a pansy 7:i* is r>e z a symbol1 except 9 ,engl& :]e x 0 nam$ ,h]b ,tr9ity17 & its mean+ 9 ?is picture does n seem cle>4 ,^! fl[]s1 us$ else:]e z ! emblems & attributes ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 "h are introduc$ to recall ! com+ ( ! #8second ,adam1' exactly rev]s+ ! symbolism :i* places an apple 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,illu/ration3 ,hugo van d] ,goes ,photo ,brogi ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds 7,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce7 ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception ,,by ,,murillo ,9 ! #ag? c5tury ! ,spani% ,inquisition appo9t$ c]ta9 famili>es ^: w>rant ran3 #8,we give him commission & *>ge him h5ce =w>d t he take p>ticul> c>e to inspect & visit all pa9t+s ( sacr$ subjects :i* may /& 9 %ops or 9 public places2 if he f9ds any?+ to object to 9 !m he is to take ! picture be=e ! ,lords ( ! ,inquisition4' ,murillo1 pa9t+ = ! ,*ur* 9 ,seville1 ! mo/ or?odox city ( ,spa91 may !re=e be reckon$ correct 9 8 me?od ( pres5t+ sacr$ subjects4 ,at ! p]iod 9 :i* he pa9t$1 ! p>ticul> =m ( ,madonna picture mo/ (t5 ord]$ by ! ,spani% ,*ur*1 0 t kn[n z ! #8,immaculate ,conception4' ,! s9less bir? ( ! ,virg9 0 a dogma t _h be5 adopt$ en?usia/ically by ! ,spani%1 s mu* s t ,philip ,,iii & ,philip ,,iv s5t special embassies to ,rome to obta9 m explicit papal recognition ( ! doctr9e4 ,x did n1 h[ev]1 become an article ( fai? till #ahed &1 z a subject1 x is *iefly conf9$ to ! ,spani% ,s*ool4 ,! s*eme ( ! picture is inv>iably tak5 f ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john4 #8,& !re appe>$ a great wond] 9 ,heav52 a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4' ,x 0 usual to add a gr\p ( putti ab\t ! ,virg9's feet 7h] feet1 accord+ to an injunction ( ! ,inquisition z to #8dec5cy' be+ c>efully cov]$7 & ^! putti almo/ always c>ri$ fl[]s1 ! rose1 lily1 olive & palm4 ,sometimes ! iris 0 add$1 & occasionally ! iris alone 0 us$4#cfb ,v (t5 a putto c>ries a look+-glass1#cfc a symbol ( ! ,immaculate ,conception :i* appe>s to be ( ,spani% orig91 b :i* is p]haps a v>iation or developm5t ( ! transp>5t vase1 :i* 9 ! #ae? c5tury art 0 a symbol ( ! virg9 bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,! idea is t ! glass1 :atev] be ! image ca/ ^u x1 rema9s 9 itself un/a9$4 ,9 ,murillo's ma/]piece1 #8,la ,purissima' ( ! ,prado1 ! fl[]s indicate ,m>y's virtues4 ,! rose1 symbol ( love & m]cy1 %[ h] z ! ,mat] mis]icordi2 ! lily %[s h] purity--%e is #8,la ,purissima3' ! palm ( triumph is h]s z ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 & ! olive tells ( ! heal+ %e br+s to mank9d2 %e is ! ,consolatrix ,afflictorum4 ,& ! ,*ur* hav+ id5tifi$ ! ,virg9 ) ! #8,wisdom' ( ! #bd? ,*apt] ( ,ecclesia/icus1 ^! symbols are also h] direct emblems1 =1 says ,wisdom3 #8,i 0 exalt$ l a palm-tree 9 ,engaddi1 & z a rose-plant 9 ,j]i*o1 z a fair olive-tree 9 a pleasant field4' ,& ! lily is always h] emblem z #8,! lily ( ! valleys4' ,x is noticeable t ?is figure ( ! ,virg91 realiz$ f ! ^w picture ( ! ,revelation ( ,sa9t ,john1 0 "o t appeal$ /rongly to ! ,spani%4 ,%e is #8clo!d ) ! sun & ! moon "u h] feet4' ,! moon is repres5t$ z ! cresc5t moon :i* 0 ! sacr$ device ( ! foll[]s ( ,mahomet1 & :i* _h surm\nt$ innum]able mosques ?r\gh\t ! ,ib]ian p59sula = m ?an five hundr$ ye>s4 ,f]d9&1 husb& ( ,isabella1 put an end to ! ,moori% dom9ion 9 #adib1 b ! impress ( ! ,moor is to ?is day /rong on ! l&1 & 9 ! #ag? c5tury x seem$ a fitt+ ?+ t ! ,virg9's foot %\ld be ^u ! hat$ cresc5t :i* symboliz$ ,moori% rule & ! fai? ( ,islam4 ,x 0 !re=e1 z a symbol ( ! ,moham$an fai? r ?an z a symbol ( *a/ity ?r\gh its connection ) ! ,goddess ,diana1 z is sometimes sugge/$1 t repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 ) h] feet ^u a cresc5t1 became s popul> 9 ,spa94 ,illu/ration3 ,murillo ,photo ,&]son ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception 7,prado1 ,madrid7 ,,! ,,girlhood ,,( ,,m>y ,,virg9 ,,by ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti ,9 ! ye> #ahdh1 ?ree "y ,engli% pa9t]s1 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti1 ,john ,ev]ett ,millais & ,william ,holman ,hunt1 f\nd$ ! ,pr]aphaelite ,bro!rhood1 ! aim ( :i* 0 to br+ back to mod]n art ! s9c]ity ( ^? pa9t]s :o _h prec$$ ,raphael4 ,! orig9al *>act]i/ics ( ! bro!rhood's "w 7 a simplicity 9 ! types *os5 & a workman%ip almo/ ,flemi% 9 its c>eful & m9ute f9i%4 ,b lat]1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! "w ( ,rossetti1 #8,pr]aphaelism' became associat$ ) a c]ta9 my/icism ( subject ^: deep] mean+ 0 acc5tuat$ & elucidat$ by ! use ( symbols & m especially fl[] symbols4 ,rossetti's e>lie/ exhibit$ "w 0 #8,! ,girlhood ( ,m>y ,virg91' pa9t$ 9 #ahdi4 ,! ,virg9 ) ,sa9t ,anne by h] side1 sits at an embroid]y frame & works ^u a /rip ( r$ mat]ial ! lily ) two fl[]s & a bud :i* gr[s 9 a vase be=e h]4 ,a little rosy w+$ angel wat]s ! lily1 &1 ly+ cross$ ^u ! gr\nd1 is a sev5-leav$ palm & a sev5-?orn$ bri>1 unit$ by a little scroll be>+ ! words #8,tot dolores1 tot gaudia4' ,! second "p ( ! d\ble sonnet writt5 by ! arti/ = ?is picture expla9s to "s ext5t ! symbolism4 ,,ii ,^! are ! symbols4 ,on t clo? ( r$ ,i' ! c5tre is ! ,tripo9t3 p]fect ea* ,except ! second ( its po9ts1 to tea* ,t ,*ri/ is n yet born4 ,! books--^: head ,is gold5 *>ity1 z ,paul ha? said-- ,^? virtues are :]e9 ! s\l is ri*3 ,!re=e on !m ! lily /&e?1 :i* ,is innoc5ce1 be+ int]pret$4 ,! sev5-?orn'd bri> & ! palm sev5-leav$1 ,are h] great sorr[ & h] great rew>d4 ,until ! end be full1 ! ,holy ,"o ,abides )\t4 ,%e soon %all h a*iev$ ,h] p]fect purity3 yea1 ,god ! ,"l ,%all soon v\*safe ,8 ,son to be h] ,son4 ,beh9d ! ,virg9 is ! trellis ( ! #8,enclos$ ,g>d54' ,beyond--= /ill ! #8,holy ,"o abides )\t'--is ! v9e1 emblem ( ! #8,true ,v9e1' ! figure ( ,sa9t ,joseph1 :o t5ds x1 =eca/+ t he w\ld be ! gu>dian ( ,*ri/'s infancy4 ,^u ! trellis1 up :i* wrea!s ! :ite convolvulus1 us$ 9 ! #ae? c5tury z ! symbol ( humility1 sits ! ,holy ,dove4 ,f9ally1 ^u ! balu/rade is a rose 9 a transp>5t vase1 ! rose ( div9e love conjo9$ ) ! symbol ( transc5dant purity4 ,illu/ration3 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti ,photo ,mansell ,,! ,,girlhood ,,( ,,m>y ,,virg9 ,,li/ ,,( ,,au?orities ,antony1 ,joseph1 ,symbolik d] ,ka?olis*5 ,kir*5 ,gebrau*e ,ar*ologia ,augu/9e1 ,/1 ,confessions ,beaumont1 de1 ,re*]*es sur l'orig9e du ,blazon et en p>ticuli] la ,fleur-de-,lis ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 ,/1 ,s]mons ,biblia ,paup]um1 ,heidelb]g ,copy1 #addj2 ,g]man ,ed41 #adga1 ,wolf5bttel ,copy ,byzant9e ,guide to ,pa9t+ 7,didron's ,translation7 ,dante1 ,div9a ,comm$ia ,didron1 ,*ri/ian ,iconography ,dur&us1 ,rational ( ! ,div9e ,(fices ,edmonson1 ,complete ,book ( ,h]aldry1 #aghj ,=d1 ,spani% ,h&book 7,fir/ ,edition7 ,hirn1 ,yrj1 ,! ,sacr$ ,%r9e ,huysman1 ,j4 ,k41 ,la ,ca?drale ,jacobus de ,vorag9e1 ,leg5da ,aurea ,jameson1 ,mrs1 ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art ,j5n]1 ,mrs ,h41 ,*ri/ian ,symbolism ,liebman1 ,p4 ,s41 ,kle9e ,h&wrt]bu* d] ,*ri/li*5 ,symbolik ,m>t91 ,ar?ur1 ,mlanges d',ar*ologie ,mectilda1 ,/1 ,spiritual ,grace ,m5zel1 ,wolfgang1 ,*ri/li*e ,symbolik ,neale1 ,j4 ,m41 ,hymni ,ecclesiae ,nor?cote & ,br[nl[1 ,roma ,sott]ana ,s*mid1 ,a41 ,*ri/li*e ,symbole aus alt] und neu] ,zeit ,smi?1 ,classical ,diction>y ,/rabo1 ,walafrid1 ,hortulus ,syrian ,codice ( #ehf1 ,laur5tian ,libr>y ,taylor1 ,j]emy1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,life & ,dea? ( ! ,holy ,jesus ,t]tullian ,tw9+1 ,l\isa1 ,symbols & ,emblems ,vas>i1 ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s ,v5turi1 ,/oria dell' ,arte ,italiana ,,index ,,( ,,arti/s ,angelico da ,fiesole1 #ha1 #ij1 #aca1 #add1 #afg1 #bde1 #bfa ,ant9oles1 ,jos1 #baf ,b>ab9o1 ,niccolo1 #abb ,bell9i1 ,giov41 #bcb1 #bda ,bonfigli1 #ia1 #aeh ,botticelli1 #de1 #ga1 #ge1 #he1 #ajj1 #aai1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #abh1 #aff1 #bac1 #bch1 #bdf1 #bfb1 #bfc ,bottic9i1 #gg1 #ahh1 #bac ,breu1 ,jrg1 #ajg ,brud] ,wilhelm1 #baj ,brgkmair1 ,hans1 #abg1 #bee1 #bfd ,cano1 ,alonzo1 #abh ,c>otto1 ,giov4 ,franc41 #ahh ,c>paccio1 ,vittore1 #ach ,cavall9i1 #ei1 #afd ,cimabue1 #ach ,crivelli1 #aib1 #beg1 #bgc ,donatello1 #aeh ,duccio di ,buon9segna1 #ei1 #add ,dr]1 ,alb]t1 #ci1 #ea1 #fh1 #agc ,fil>ete1 ,ant41 #dd ,francesca1 ,pi]o della1 #adj ,franciabigio1 ,francesco1 #bjb ,fries1 ,hans1 #aef ,gaddi1 ,taddeo1 #bbf ,ghirl&aio1 ,dom41 #fg1 #afg1 #bjj ,giambono1 #bjh ,giotto1 #ei1 #aeg1 #aff1 #bjj1 #bbd1 #bbf ,giovanni di ,paolo1 #agg1 #bfh1 #bgj ,gozzoli1 ,b5ozzo1 #ih1 #bad ,grnwald1 ,mat41 #bee ,gu>i5to1 #ahj ,holbe91 ,hans1 #bef ,holman ,hunt1 #dj1 #abi ,joos van ,cleeve1 #bej ,leighton1 ,fr$]ick1 #dh ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 #ab1 #ci1 #aff ,lib]ale da ,v]ona1 #bbb ,lippi1 ,fra ,filippo1 #de1 #afg1 #ahf1 #bde1 #bfa ,lo*n>1 ,/eph51 #baj ,lor5zetti1 ,ambrogio1 #aad1 #adb1 #agg1 #aha1 #bdb ,lor5zo da ,san ,sev]9o1 #beh ,lucas van ,leyd51 #ea1 #bbg1 #bed ,lu9i1 #ic1 #aji1 #bca ,mabuse1 #id1 #aai1 #bjd1 #bci ,mantegna1 #abj1 #abg1 #bgb ,m>atta1 ,c>lo1 #ci ,ma/] ( ,flmalle1 #fc1 #fi1 #afe ,ma/] ( ! ,b>?olomew ,alt>1 #aaj1 #aie ,ma/] ( ! ,c>nations1 #hf ,ma/] ( ! ,/]z+ ,alt>1 #add1 #ahi ,meml+1 #ej1 #fc1 #fe1 #ff1 #ajj1 #aai1 #afh1 #bdc1 #bde ,mi*ael-,angelo ,buon>roti1 #ab1 #aia ,moretto1 #aai1 #aeh ,murillo1 #ge1 #aae1 #bcc ,n]i di ,bicci1 #de1 #gg1 #bde1 #bfa ,niccolo d',apulia1 #afd ,orcagna1 #ei1 #agi ,palmezzano da ,=li1 #fh ,p]ral1 ,j41 #aeh1 #agd ,p]ug9o1 #de1 #bgf ,pesello1 #fg1 #afi1 #aib ,p9turic*io1 #agb ,pisano1 #bji ,pode/i1 #bfg ,raphael ,santi da ,urb9o1 #ab1 #ic1 #bac ,robbia1 ,della1 #bgd ,romano1 ,giulio1 #bad ,rosselli1 ,cosimo1 #ajh1 #aeh ,rossello di ,jacopo ,fran*i1 #ahh ,rossetti1 ,d4 ,g41 #dj1 #age1 #ahe1 #aii ,rub5s1 ,p4 ,p41 #bj1 #ea1 #adj1 #bec ,sano di ,pietro1 #ch1 #bdb1 #bdc ,sassetta1 #bbc ,sass(]rato1 #acj ,s*iavone1 ,giorgio1 #bgd ,s*ngaur1 #abc1 #bdg ,s**l91 ,hans1 #aaj ,segh]s1 #aca ,signorelli ,luca1 #dg1 #gd1 #aie1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bca ,simone ,m>t9i1 #ei1 #ia1 #aag1 #agh1 #agi1 #bca ,sodoma 7,bazzi71 #aji1 #abc1 #bac ,sp9ello ,aret9o1 #adb1 #afg1 #aha ,squ>cione1 #bjc ,/efano da ,zevio 7da ,v]ona71 #ajj ,taddeo di ,b>tolo1 #afg ,tob>1 ,alfonso da1 #hb ,trevisani1 ,francesco1 #aif ,van d] ,goes1 ,hugo1 #fe1 #fh1 #he1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #aib1 #beb ,van d] ,weyd51 ,rog]1 #afe ,van ,eyck1 ,hub]t1 #ab1 #ih1 #ajf ,van ,eyck1 ,jan1 #fc1 #afe1 #afg1 #bda ,vanni1 ,&rea1 #agg ,vas>i1 ,g41 #bdh ,v]onese1 ,paul1 #bbh ,watts1 ,f4 ,g41 #dj ,wolgemut1 #aef ,zurburan1 #gf1 #gg1 #ab ,,index ,,( ,,fl[]s ,acan?us1 ,*ap4 xii4 ,almond1 #aig ,anemone1 #fj1 #ic ,apple1 #ad1 #cb1 #id1 #aai1 #bdj1 ,*ap4 xx4 ,balsam1 #aig1 #bah ,bri>s1 #cc ,buck?orn1 #cc ,burn+ ,bu%1 #acb1 #aib ,c>nation1 ,*ap4 vi41 #aij1 #aia ,c$>1 #bf1 #bag ,*]ries1 #bdc1 #bde ,clov]1 see ,%amrock ,columb9e1 #cj2 ,*ap4 viii41 #agd1 #aih ,convolvulus1 #bi1 #dh ,cyclam51 #cc ,daisy1 #ca1 #de1 #aaj1 #afg ,d&elion1 #cd1 #aie1 #aii ,fig1 #bee1 #bef ,fleur-de-lys1 #cf1 ,*ap4 xiii4 ,fl[]1 ,community ( !1 #da ,fl[]1 ,our ,lady ( !1 #ha ,frank9c5se1 #aih ,fruit 9 ,g>l&s1 ,*ap4 xxiv4 ,gold fl[]1 #gc ,g\rd1 ,*ap4 xxi4 ,grapes1 #bch1 #bed ,hea?1 #bi ,hellebore1 #cc ,hemlock1 #acj ,hyssop1 #cc ,iris1 #cf2 ,*ap4 iv41 #afh1 #aih ,ivy1 #acj ,jasm9e1 #ca1 #dh1 #afg1 #bja ,laurel1 #aaf1 #agg ,lemon1 #bda ,lettuce1 #bi ,lily1 #ad1 #bd2 ,*ap4 iii41 #ib1 #aih1 #baa1 #bae ,lily ( ,flor5ce1 #ha ,lily ( ! ,angel ,gabriel1 ,*ap4 xv4 ,lily ( ! ,annunciation1 ,*ap4 xiv4 ,lily ( ! ,sa9ts1 ,*ap4 xviii4 ,lily ( ! ,valley1 #aih1 #bjg ,lilies ( ! ,virg9's ,tomb1 #bac ,m&rake1 #cc ,musk fl[]1 #aig ,myrrh1 #bd1 #be1 #bah ,myrtle1 #aig1 #bja ,nettle1 #be1 #cc ,ole&]1 #bbg ,olive1 #bd1 #cf1 ,*ap4 ix4 ,orange1 #bdb ,palm1 #bd1 #bf1 ,*ap4 xi4 ,palm-tree1 #acg1 #ach1 #bah ,pansy1 #cb ,passion ,fl[]1 #aie ,pe>1 #aai1 #beb ,pomegranate1 #ih1 #aai1 #bah1 #bde1 ,*ap4 xxii4 ,poppy1 #cc ,qu9ce1 #aai1 #bci1 #bda ,rose g>d5s1 #ig1 #ajj ,rose g>l&s1 ,*ap4 vii4 ,rose1 gold51 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc ,rose h$ge1 #ii ,rose ( ,*>ity1 #bi1 #bjh ,rose ( ,div9e ,love1 #bd1 #bh2 ,*ap4 v41 #agb1 #aij1 #aih ,rose ( ,m>tyrdom1 #gb ,rose ( ,v5us1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc ,saffron1 #bf ,%amrock1 #cj1 #aia ,sn[drop1 #bfi ,spices1 #bd ,/rawb]ry1 #de1 #aaj2 ,*ap4 xxiii41 #aih ,sunfl[]1 #aii ,sycamore1 #bf ,?i/le1 #aie ,?orns1 #cc1 #gg2 ,*ap4 x41 #baf ,?orns1 ,cr[n (1 #abf1 #abg1 #abh1 #aca ,turp5t9e ,tree1 #bd ,v9e1 #bc2 ,*ap4 xix4 ,violet1 #bh1 #de1 #dh1 #aaj1 #aig1 #aih1 #baj ,wat]-lily1 #bi ,will[1 #aie ,,footnotes #a ,dr ,m>* /ates v cle>ly ! diff]5ce betwe5 a symbol & an emblem4 #8,a symbol /&s = an ab/ract idea1 an emblem d5otes a concrete ?+1 an attribute appe>s 9 apposition ) ! p]son x qualifies2 = example1 9 a pres5tm5t ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! lily t %e holds 9 h] h& or t fl[]s by h] side is h] attribute4 ,:5 ! lily appe>s alone x repres5ts ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 & is h] emblem1 b if x indicates purity x is a symbol4' #b ,gh5t ,ca!dral4 #c ,! ,prado1 ,madrid4 #d ,antw]p ,ca!dral4 #e ,au?or ( ,lib] aggregationis1 seu ,lib] mirabilium de virtutibus h]b>um1 lapidum et animalium4 #f ,au?oress ( ,! ,g>d5 ( ,heal?4 #g #8,?is is t h]b :i* su* physicians z are lic5s$ to blaspheme by au?ority )\t dang] ( hav+ _! tongues burn$ ?r\gh ) a hot iron call$ an h]b ( ! ,tr9ity2 x is also call$1 by ^? :o are m mod]ate1 ?ree faces 9 a hood 444 & 9 ,sussex we call !m pancies4' ,culpep]'s ,h]bal4 #h ,c4 ,m>riott4 #i ,cors9i ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 #aj ,naples ,museum4 #aa ,/rogan(f ,collection1 ,rome4 #ab ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #ac ,ex ,conv5t ( ,s4 ,apollonia1 ,flor5ce4 #ad ,b>gello1 ,flor5ce4 #ae ,adoration1 ,pitti ,palace1 private ap>tm5ts4 #af ,ca!dral1 ,p]ugia4 #ag ,j4 ,k4 ,huysmans1 ,la ,ca?drale4 #ah ,attribut$ to ,giotto4 ,collection ( ,a4 ,e4 ,/reet1 ,esq4 #ai ,isaiah ,,xxxv4 #a4 #bj ,wolf5bttel ,copy1 ,biblio?que ,nationale4 #ba ,m>i5pf>rkir*51 ,danzig4 #bb ,t[n ,museum1 ,leyd54 #bc #8,! ,small] ,passion1' ,briti% ,museum4 #bd ,j4 ,k4 ,huysmans1 ,la ,ca?drale4 #be ,complete ,book ( ,h]aldry1 #aghj4 vol4 i4 #bf #8,! effigies ( ! ,k+s ( ,nav>re1 successors to ,g>cias1 are /ill to be se5 ) ?is ord] ab\t _! necks 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/ ,m>y at ,nag]a1 ,/ ,savi\r's de ,layra & ,/ ,m>y la ,reale ( ,pompelona1 z also 9 ! *ur* at ,ronc5eux1 & at ,/ ,john's de la ,pigna4' 7,edmondson47 #bg ,n[ 9 ,seville ,ca!dral4 #bh ,solomon's ,song v4 #i4 #bi #8,ut ipsa corporis species simulacrum fu]it m5tis4' ,de ,v]g9it1 lib4 ii4 *ap4 #b4 #cj ,s4 ,m>ia ,tra/ev]e1 ,rome4 #ca ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 #cb ,l[] ,*ur*1 ,assisi4 #cc ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #cd ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 ,flor5ce4 #ce ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9e4 #cf ,b]l94 #cg ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4 #ch ,royal ,museum1 ,antw]p4 #ci ,coll4 ,radziwill1 ,b]l94 #dj ,royal ,gall]y1 ,b]l94 #da ,prado1 ,madrid4 #db ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #dc #8,coronation ( ! ,virg91' %r9e ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 ,bruges4 #dd #8,*ri/ surr\nd$ by ,angels1' ,royal ,museum1 ,antw]p4 #de #8,madonna ) ! ,*ild1' ,m>i5pf>rkir*e1 ,danzig4 #df ,purga1 xxix4 #ha4 #dg ,see ,*apt] ,,xiv41 #8,! ,lily ( ! ,annunciation4' #dh ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #di ,! ,br]a1 ,milan4 #ej ,! ,rudolph9um1 ,prague4 #ea ,*auc]1 ,! ,knight's ,tale4 #eb ,s*ifanoja ,palace1 ,f]r>a4 #ec ,botticelli1 ,uffizi4 #ed ,walt] ,pat]1 #8,s&ro ,botticelli4' #ee ,leg5da ,aurea4 #ef ,william ,dunb>4 #eg ,! ,book ( ,spiritual ,grace4 #eh ,orvieto ,ca!dral4 #ei ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #fj ,! ,port9cula or ,porzu9cola 7! little portion7 built by ,sa9t ,b5$ict & rebuilt by ,sa9t ,francis 0 ! fir/ *ur* ( ! ,franciscan ord]4 ,x is n[ enclos$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 &1 close by1 ! rose-bu%es ( ! leg5d1 /ill ?ornless1 are %[n4 #fa ,prado1 ,madrid4 #fb ,cadiz4 #fc ,wilton ,h\se4 #fd ,museo ,prov9cial1 ,seville4 #fe ,flor5ce4 ,to be plac$ 9 ! ,ricc>di ,palace4 #ff ,palazzo ,pitti4 #fg ,rob]t de la ,condam9e1 ,! ,upp] ,g>d54 #fh ,9 ! ,biblio?que de l',arsnal1 ,p>is4 #fi ,briti% ,museum4 #gj ,dante4 #ga ,9 ,france at ! same p]iod x 0 v usual to place a #8fleur-de-lys' 9 ! ,madonna's h&4 ,= in/ance1 ! beautiful /atuette 9 silv] gilt ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 c>ries a #8fleur-de-lys' ( cry/al 9 ! "r h&4 #gb ,! ,prado1 ,madrid4 #gc ,private ap>tm5ts1 ,pitti ,palace1 ,flor5ce4 #gd ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #ge ,an exception is ! ,assumption by ,fungai 9 ! ,belle ,arti ( ,si5a1 :]e :ite roses & r$ c>nations fill ! tomb4 ,! prejudice appe>s to h be5 aga9/ ! r$ rose4 #gf ,kun/ ,museum1 ,b]n4 #gg #8,! ,key' ( ,sa9t ,melitus4 #gh #8,hortulus1' ,walafrid ,/rabo4 #gi #8,spiritual ,grace1' ,sa9t ,mectilda4 #hj ,! ,wisdom ( ,solomon ii4 #h4 #ha ,passio ,s4,s4 ,jacobi1 ,m>iani et aliorum m>tyrum 9 ,numidia4 #hb ,s5sations d',italie4 #hc ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 ,flor5ce4 #hd ,! ,br]a1 ,milan4 #he ,leg5da ,aurea4 #hf ,prado1 ,madrid4 #hg ,gh5t ,ca!dral4 #hh ,p>adiso1 xxx4 #aad4 #hi ,ibid4 #aba4 #ij #b ,esdras ii4 #ah-ai4 #ia ,writt5 by ! monk ,dionysius ( ,m\nt ,a?os 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,translat$ by ,m4 ,didron4 #ib ,adoration ( ! ,lamb1 ,gh5t ,ca!dral4 #ic ,flor5ce4 #id ,rusk91 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 #ie ,t[n ,museum1 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9e4 #if ,! ,song ( ,solomon ii4 #b4 #ig ,museum1 ,v]ona4 #ih ,rat4 ,(f41 iii4 #ah4 #ii ,trsor ( ,aix la ,*apelle4 #ajj ,ar?ur ,m>t91 ,mlanges d',ar*ologie4 #aja ,op]a del ,duomo4 #ajb ,isaiah xi4 #a-b4 #ajc ,*ri/ian ,iconography1 ,didron4 #ajd ,gh5t ,ca!dral4 #aje ,uffizi ,gall]y4 #ajf ,*ri/ian ,iconography1 ,didron4 #ajg ,kais]-,fri$ri* ,museum1 ,b]l94 #ajh ,uffizi ,gall]y4 #aji ,/ ,pet]sburg4 #aaj ,tief5bronn ,*ur*4 #aaa ,wallraf-,ri*>tz ,museum1 ,cologne4 #aab ,sophocles1 dipus ,coloneus4 #aac ,smi?'s ,classical ,diction>y4 #aad ,de ,baptismo1 c4 viii4 #aae ,see title-page4 #aaf ,nor?cote & ,br[nl[1 ,roma ,sott]ana4 #aag ,palazzo ,pubblico1 ,si5a4 #aah ,taddeo di ,b>tolo1 ,sano di ,pietro1 ,francesco di ,giorgio ,m>t9i1 ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #aai ,no4 #afj1 ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #abj ,/efano di ,giovanni1 ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #aba ,trsor ( ,aix la ,*apelle4 #abb ,trsor ( ! ,k+ ( ,bav>ia4 #abc ,milton4 #abd #8,! ,nativity1' ,national ,gall]y4 #abe #8,! ,nativity1' ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #abf ,collection ,l4 ,mond1 ,london4 #abg ,dur&us1 ,rat4 ,(f41 vi4 #dg-i4 #abh ,ecclesia/icus xxiv4 #ad4 #abi ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s4 #acj ,cors9i ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 #aca ,monza4 #acb ,palazzo ,pubblico1 ,si5a4 #acc ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #acd ,muni*4 #ace ,private ap>tm5ts1 ,pitti ,palace4 #acf ,ni]5b]g4 #acg ,mantegna1 ,belle ,arti1 ,v]ona4 #ach ,botticelli1 ,poldi ,pezzoli ,collection1 ,milan4 #aci ,botticelli1 ,borghese ,gall]y1 ,rome4 #adj ,museo ,prov9cial1 ,seville4 #ada ,collection ( ! ,du*ess ( ,fife4 #adb ,royal ,gall]y1 ,augsburg4 #adc ,sass(]rato1 ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,sab9a1 ,rome4 #add ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #ade ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #adf ,d] ,gold5e ,s*mi$e4 #adg ,muni*4 #adh #a ,maccabees xiii4 #ea4 #adi ,revelation vii4 #aej #b ,esdras ii4 #de4 #aea ,*auc]1 ,! ,second ,nonnes ,tale4 #aeb ,a4 ,v5turi1 ,/oria dell' ,arte ,italiana4 #aec ,ibid4 #aed ,rat4 ,(f4 #aee ,s4 ,cecilia1 ,uffizi4 #aef ,accademia1 ,v5ice4 #aeg ,dante4 #aeh ,rub5s1 ,uffizi4 #aei ,pi]o della ,francesca1 ,uffizi4 #afj ,at ,heidelb]g4 #afa ,,ss4 ,annunziata4 #afb ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #afc ,"l ,l9dsay4 #afd ,op]a del ,duomo1 ,si5a4 #afe ,/]z+1 ,ra?aus4 #aff ,op]a del ,duomo1 ,si5a4 #afg ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #afh ,w4 ,m5zel1 ,*ri/li*e ,symbolik4 #afi ,die ,s9nbild] und ,beiworte ,m>i5s 9 d] deuts*5 ,lit]atur und late9is*5 ,hymn5poesie des ,mittelalt]s4 #agj ,rome4 #aga ,ibid4 #agb ,re*]*es sur l'orig9e du ,blazon et en p>ticuli] la ,fleur-de-,lis4 #agc ,ragalium ,franci1 ,libro duo1 #aede4 #agd ,9 possession ( ,sir ,j4 ,tob94 #age ,s4 ,*i>a1 ,naples4 #agf ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 #agg ,psalt]ium cum ,figuris1 ,bib4 ,national4 #agh ,roman des ,trois ,pl]9ages1 ,bib4 ,s4 ,g5evive4 #agi ,/ ,m>t9 9 ,vignes1 ,troyes4 #ahj ,g]manis*es ,museum1 ,nuremburg4 #aha ,sc5es f ! ,passion1 ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4 #ahb ,edmund ,g4 ,g>dn]1 ,flor5ce4 #ahc ,l\vre4 #ahd ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #ahe ,fir/ "p ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi1 ,act ,i4 sc4 ii4 #ahf ,trial ( ,jeanne d',arc1 #adca4 #ahg ,flor5ce4 #ahh ,rome4 #ahi ,at ,gaeta4 #aij ,briti% ,museum4 #aia ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 #aib ,imp]ial ,gall]y1 ,/ ,pet]sburg4 #aic ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4 #aid ,collection ,mrode1 ,brussels4 #aie ,spani% ,h&book1 fir/ edition4 #aif ,l[] ,*ur*1 ,assisi4 #aig ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #aih ,pan!on1 ,rome4 #aii ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #bjj ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #bja ,,ss4 ,annunziata1 ,arezzo4 #bjb ,museo di ,s4 ,m>co1 ,flor5ce4 #bjc ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #bjd ,vatican1 ,rome4 #bje ,ca!dral1 ,s4 ,gim9iano4 #bjf ,national ,gall]y4 #bjg ,sp$ale degli ,innoc5ti1 ,flor5ce4 #bjh ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s1 ,titian4 #bji ,dipty* ( ,jeanne de ,b\rbon1 ,muse ,cond1 ,*antilly4 #baj ,collection ( ,pr9ce ,u4 ,radziwill1 ,b]l94 #baa ,royal ,gall]y1 ,b]l94 #bab ,briti% ,museum4 #bac ,briti% ,museum4 #bad ,w4 ,m5zel1 ,*ri/li*e ,symbolik4 #bae ,dies 9 ltiti1 ,neale's translation4 #baf ,! l>ge transp>5t vase :i* /&s beside ! ,madonna ) ! ,*ild1 by ,jean ,p]ral1 9 ! ,l\vre1 conta9s iris1 ! :ite lily1 lily ( ! valley & columb9e4 #bag ,duccio di ,buon9segna1 ,national ,gall]y4 #bah ,giovanni di ,paolo1 ,vatican4 #bai ,&rea ,vanni1 ,collection ,s>ac9i1 ,si5a4 #bbj ,ambrogio ,lor5zetti1 ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #bba ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #bbb ,sac*etti4 #bbc ,museum ( ,padua4 #bbd ,vatican4 #bbe ,belle ,arti1 ,si5a4 #bbf ,! ,ca!dral1 ,arezzo4 #bbg ,s]mon on ,ezekiel4 #bbh ,s]mon on ,amos & ,za*>iah4 #bbi ,tate ,gall]y4 #bcj ,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,h]tz1 ,rome4 #bca ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4 #bcb ,milton4 #bcc ,bottic9i1 ,accademia2 ,s*ool ( ,botticelli1 ,accademia4 #bcd ,c>otto1 ,s4 ,eufemia1 ,v]ona4 #bce ,alte ,p9ako!k4 #bcf ,rossello di ,jacopo ,fran*i1 ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #bcg ,luca ,signorelli4 #bch ,ra?aus1 ,/]z+4 #bci ,uffizi4 #bdj ,uffizi4 #bda ,frank=t-on-,ma9e4 #bdb ,s4 ,spirito1 ,flor5ce4 #bdc ,yrj ,hirn1 ,! ,sacr$ ,%r9e4 #bdd ,wallraf ,ri*>tz ,museum1 ,cologne4 #bde ,uffizi4 #bdf ,gold5e ,s*mi$e4 #bdg ,huysman1 ,la ,ca?drale4 #bdh ,collection ( ,lady ,jekyll4 #bdi ,tate ,gall]y1 ,london4 #bej ,l[] ,*ur*1 ,assisi4 #bea ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #beb ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #bec ,gold5e ,s*mi$e4 #bed ,die ,s9nbild] und ,beiworte ,m>i5s 9 d] deuts*5 ,lit]atur und late9is*5 ,hymn5poesie des ,mittelalt]s4 #bee ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #bef ,spiritual ,grace4 #beg ,p9acoteca1 ,arezzo4 #beh ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s1 ,signorelli4 #bei ,ca!dral1 ,p]ugia4 #bfj ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #bfa ,collection ,pi]pont ,morgan1 ,am]ica4 #bfb ,kais] ,fri$ri* ,museum1 ,b]l94 #bfc ,cologne4 #bfd ,cologne4 #bfe ,w4 ,m5zel1 ,*ri/li*e ,symbolik4 #bff ,oratory ( ,s4 ,b]n>d9o1 ,si5a4 #bfg ,vatican4 #bfh ,national ,gall]y 7n[ attribut$ to ,bottic9i74 #bfi ,vatican4 #bgj ,vatican4 #bga ,ca!dral1 ,bagno di ,romagna4 #bgb ,accademia1 ,flor5ce4 #bgc ,rob]t ,br[n+4 #bgd ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4 #bge ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 #bgf ,n[ 9 ! ,p9acoteca1 ,lucca4 #bgg ,ecclesia/icus xxiv4 #ag1 #ah1 #bj4 #bgh ,cant4 ,cantic4 iv4 #ac4 #bgi ,9 ,collection ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire4 #bhj ,cremona4 #bha ,museum1 ,v]ona4 #bhb ,a ,si5ese pa9t] ( ! ,franciscan ,leg5d4 #bhc ,upp] ,*ur*1 ,assisi4 #bhd ,capella dell' ,ar5a1 ,padua4 #bhe ,capella ,b>oncelli1 ,santa ,croce1 ,flor5ce4 #bhf ,s4 ,girolamo ,spello4 #bhg ,ca!dral1 ,como4 #bhh ,alte ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*4 #bhi ,rijks ,museum1 ,am/]dam4 #bij ,ar*ologia1 vol4 #de4 #bia ,villa ,masr1 ne> ,treviso4 #bib ,s4 ,dom5ico1 ,si5a4 #bic ,! 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