,,the 8,,land ,,water0 ,,edition ,,of ,,raemaekers' ,,cartoons ,published by 8,land ,water10 ,,empire ,,house1 ,,kingsway1 ,w4,c4 ,copyright in all ,countries4 ,,introduction ,by the ,editor of ,land and ,water ,louis ,raemaekers will stand out for all time as one of the supreme figures which the ,great ,war has called into being4 ,his genius has been enlisted in the service of mankind1 and his work1 being entirely sincere and untouched by racial or national prejudice1 will endure2 indeed1 it promises to gain strength as the years advance4 ,when the intense passions1 which have been awakened by this world struggle1 have faded away1 civilisation will regard the war largely through these wonderful drawings4 ,by them1 not only the methods of ,german warfare will be judged1 but the resolution will surely be begotten and nurtured that never again1 so far as it is humanly possible1 shall a recurrence of ,teuton inhumanity and barbarism be permitted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,before the war had been in progress many weeks the cartoons in the ,amsterdam ,telegraaf attracted attention in the capitals of ,europe1 many leading newspapers reproducing them4 ,the ,german authorities1 quick to realise their full significance1 did all in their power to suppress them4 ,through ,german intrigue ,raemaekers has been charged in the ,dutch ,courts with endangering the neutrality of ,holland--and acquitted4 ,a price has been set on his head1 should he ever venture over the border4 ,when only a week or two ago he crossed to ,england1 his wife received anonymous post-cards1 warning her that his ship would certainly be torpedoed in the ,north ,sea4 ,the ,cologne ,gazette1 in a leading article on ,holland1 threatens that country that 8after the ,war ,germany will settle accounts with ,holland1 and for each calumny1 for each cartoon of ,raemaekers1 she will demand payment with the interest that is due to her40 ,not since ,saul and the men of ,israel were in the valley of ,elah fighting with the ,philistines has so unexpected a champion arisen4 ,with brush and pencil this ,dutch painter will do even as ,david did with the smooth stone out of the brook2 he will destroy the braggart ,goliath1 who1 strong in his own might1 defies the forces of the living ,god4 ,when ,mr4 ,raemaekers came to ,london in ,december1 he was received by the ,prime ,minister1 and was entertained at a complimentary luncheon by the ,journalists of the ,british capital4 ,similar honour was conferred on him on his second visit4 ,he was the guest of honour at the ,savage ,club2 the ,royal ,society of ,miniature ,painters elected him an ,honorary ,member4 ,but it has been left to ,france to pay the most fitting recognition to his genius and to his services in the cause of freedom and truth4 ,the ,cross of the ,legion of ,honour has been presented to him1 and on his visit to ,paris this month a special reception is to be held in his honour at ,la ,sorbonne1 which is the highest purely intellectual reward ,europe can confer on any man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the great ,dutch cartoonist is now in his forty-seventh year4 ,he was born in ,holland1 his father1 who is dead1 having been the editor of a provincial newspaper4 ,his mother1 who is still alive and exceedingly proud of her son's fame1 is a ,german by birth1 but rejoices that she married a ,dutchman and thus escaped from the debasing influences of her native land4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers1 who is short1 fair1 and of a ruddy countenance1 looks at least ten years younger than his age4 ,he took up painting and drawing when quite young and learnt his art in ,holland and in ,brussels4 ,all his life he has lived in his own country1 but with frequent visits to ,belgium and ,germany1 where1 through his mother1 he has many relations4 ,thus he knows by experience the nature of the peoples whom he depicts4 ,for many years he was a landscape painter and a portrait painter1 and made money and local reputation4 ,six or seven years ago he turned his attention to political work1 and became a cartoonist and caricaturist on the staff of the ,amsterdam ,telegraaf1 thus opening the way to a fame which is not only world-wide but which will endure as long as the memory of the ,great ,war lasts4 ,his ideas come to him naturally and without effort4 ,suggestions do not assist him2 they hinder him when he endeavours to act on them4 ,he is an artist to his finger-tips and throws the whole force of his being into his work4 ,some years ago he married a ,dutch lady1 who is devoted to music1 and they have three children1 two girls and a boy 7the youngest72 the eldest is now twelve4 ,very happy in his home1 ,mr4 ,raemaekers has no ambitions outside it1 except to go on with his work and to continue the fight against the ,german ,evil4 ,a ,teuton paper has declared that ,raemaekers' cartoons are worth at least two ,army ,corps to the ,allies4 ,this saying has pleased him greatly2 he only wishes they were worth four ,army ,corps4 ,the strong religious tendency which so often distinguishes his work makes one instinctively ask to what ,church does the artist belong4 ,he replies that he belongs to none1 but was brought up a ,catholic1 and his wife a ,protestant1 and the differences which in later life severed each from their early teaching caused them to meet on common ground4 ,but the intense ,christian feeling of these drawings is beyond cavil or dispute3 they again and again bring home to the heart the vital truths of the ,faith with irresistible force1 and the artist ever expresses the ,christianity1 not perhaps of the theologian1 but of the honest and kindly man of the world4 ,praise has been bestowed upon his work by several ,german papers--qualified praise4 ,the ,leipziger ,volkszeitung has declared that ,raemaekers' cartoons show unimpeachable art and great power of execution1 but that they all lack one thing4 ,they have no wit1 no spirit4 ,which is true--in a sense4 ,they do lack wit--,german wit2 they do lack spirit--,german spirit4 ,and what ,german wit and ,german spirit may be one can comprehend by a study of ,raemaekers' cartoons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the cartoons by ,louis ,raemaekers properly need no introduction1 since they explain themselves in every line4 ,but it might be usefully pointed out that1 so far1 our ,fleet has saved us from actual sight of ,germany's war methods4 ,what shells and bombs we know have arrived from the blue1 lacking the personality of the despatchers4 ,raemaekers lives on the other side of an electrified wire within a very short distance of the slaughter-houses at work4 ,he has dealt with people still bloody1 sweating1 and dusty from their flight4 ,he knows1 or he knows friends who know men and women dead or dishonoured1 or in present peril of murder or rape4 ,he understands1 as well as all his countrymen1 that ,belgium is being vivisected on ,holland's doorstep1 that ,holland may take warning4 ,he is more than any resident in ,great ,britain of that tragedy4 ,his evidence then is as unimpeachable as his art4 ,raemaekers also realises in his presentments what we do not--that the ,german foulness in war is an integral part of the ,german philosophy of life1 and when the armies give themselves up to their reasoned abominations1 it is no more than ,germany going joyously to the realisation of the depraved dreams which have been instilled into its mind in peace4 ,he does not lose his temper over the fact4 ,his line cuts as deeply as possible because he knows not only the visible act1 but the life-tendency which made the act inevitable4 ,we do not4 ,we still keep the idea that certain things 8are not done40 ,our geographical position prevents us feeling the pressure that keeps the neutral nations quiet and useful to ,germany4 ,our caricaturists only see the outside of things4 ,so it happens that we who would be most affected by defeat are the least affected now in our own minds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the abomination of frightfulness in ,belgium recalls the sufferings and degradations which ,english women and children endured nearly sixty years ago when a section of the ,indian army rebelled1 and the mutineers1 being joined by certain disaffected ,indian princes and landowners1 overcame small and isolated ,british communities and perpetrated identically the same barbarities as have been deliberately practised by the ,german troops during the present war4 ,it was then that ,dr4 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes1 the distinguished ,american essayist1 gave utterance to the following opinion in the ,atlantic ,monthly2 it is now embodied in his well-known work 8,the ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table40 ,although the official voice of the ,united ,states has uttered no such protest1 there is reason to believe that these words written by an ,american pen nine-and-fifty years ago do still represent the reasoned opinion of the bulk of ,american men and women3 ,who was that person that was so abused some time since for saying that in the conflict of two races our sympathies naturally go with the higher8 ,no matter who he was4 ,now look at what is going on in ,india--a white1 superior 8,caucasian0 race1 against a dark-skinned1 inferior1 but still 8,caucasian0 race--and where are ,english and ,american sympathies8 ,we can't stop to settle all the doubtful questions2 all we know is1 that the brute nature is sure to come out most strongly in the lower race1 and it is the general law that the human side of humanity should treat the brutal side as it does the same nature in the inferior animals--tame it1 or crush it4 ,the ,indian mail brings stories of women and children outraged and murdered2 the royal stronghold is in the hands of the babe-killers4 ,england takes down the ,map of the ,world1 which she has girdled with empire1 and makes a correction thus3 ,delhi1 ,dele6 ,the civilised world says1 ,amen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dele6 ,destroy utterly6 ,wipe off the face of the world--not ,germany1 or the ,german capital1 or the ,german people1 but the ,german philosophy of life as it has been expounded by its chief evangels1 ,treitschke1 ,bernhardi1 and others4 ,dele6 ,that should be the motto of each one of us4 ,it is the message which ,louis ,raemaekers speaks with the whole strength of his genius4 ,it has to be accomplished by the individual in his own sphere2 it is a duty which cannot be deputised4 ,germany has proclaimed3 8,war is war2 no treaty too sacred1 no human right too divine1 no woman too weak1 no babe too tender to escape from the blind1 brutal violence of war40 ,we must fight to the death4 ,either ,german philosophy is to be established1 and freedom of body1 mind1 and soul crushed beneath the iron heel of ,prussian ,kultur1 or else1 at whatever the cost1 this fearful menace to the peace and liberty of nations and individuals has to be destroyed root and branch4 8,i came not to send peace but a sword10 said the ,saviour4 ,are we1 who boast ourselves ,christians and have heretofore rejoiced in ,christianity1 too weak or too fearful in this day of battle to take up the ,saviour's sword and to war for the eternal principles and ideals of right1 justice1 mercy1 and loving-kindness8 ,this struggle is not merely a matter for the fighting men4 ,it has to be carried into our counting-houses1 our shops1 our schools1 and1 if need be1 our homes4 ,wherever we encounter the insidious presence of ,germany and ,german ideas1 there must they be overthrown1 no matter how costly1 difficult1 or disagreeable the work may prove personally4 ,the ,german has been taught that duty to his own ,state outweighs the laws of ,god and man4 ,to betray hospitality1 to be false to both written and spoken word1 to be full of deceit1 lying1 and treachery--these are esteemed honourable actions even in times of peace where ,german interests are concerned by all her people from the ,kaiser downwards4 ,and the reverse is equally true4 ,they who are not ,germans1 and who refuse to subscribe to the canons of ,kultur1 are reckoned beyond the pale of civilisation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,nothing has been stated here which cannot be proved by independent testimony4 ,the literature of the war and of the events antecedent to the war has grown apace1 and this short prefatory note is not the place to review it4 ,but attention may be profitably drawn to the testimony1 borne by another neutral1 to ,german methods4 ,dr4 ,anton ,nystrm1 one of the most distinguished sons of ,sweden1 a historian of high repute1 who has travelled widely throughout ,europe1 in his book 8,before1 ,during1 and ,after #aiad10 written only last summer1 establishes that public feeling has been deliberately created in ,germany during the last fifty years that that country should assume the mastery of all nations related to ,germany without regard to material and historical factors4 ,and wherever this mastery has been assumed1 whether in ,schleswig-,holstein1 ,poland1 or ,alsace and ,lorraine1 a systematic and ruthless suppression of the mother-tongue has been attempted1 and the peoples have been persecuted for any tokens of affection for their own nationality4 ,as it has been1 so it will be again1 if ,germany triumphs4 ,furthermore1 we know well to-day that the mastery of the ,germanic peoples was intended only to be the beginning of the mastery of the world4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when complete these portfolios of ,louis ,raemaekers' cartoons will constitute the most marvellous record of the horrible realities of this vast world-struggle1 and will have a historical value which will grow greater with time4 ,already the originals have been purchased1 and their present owners1 in most instances1 would not part with them for ten times the price they have paid4 ,it has been well said that no man living amidst these surging seas of blood and tears has come nearer to the rle of ,peacemaker than ,raemaekers4 ,the peace which he works for is not a matter of arrangement between diplomatists and politicians3 it is the peace which the intelligence and the soul of the ,western world shall insist on in the years to be4 ,god grant it be not long delayed1 but it can only come when the enemy is entirely overthrown and the victory is overwhelming and complete4 ,,francis ,,stopford1 ,,editor1 ,land and ,water4 ,,empire ,,house1 ,,kingsway1 ,,london4 ,february1 #aiaf4 ,illustration3 ,photograph by ,miss ,d4 ,compton ,collier4 ,louis ,raemaekers ,,an ,,appreciation ,,from ,,the ,,prime ,,minister ,,downing ,,street1 ,,whitehall1 ,s4,w4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers' powerful work gives form and colour to the menace which the ,allies are averting from the liberty1 the civilisation and the humanity of the future4 ,he shows us our enemies as they appear to the unbiassed eyes of a neutral1 and wherever his pictures are seen determination will be strengthened to tolerate no end of the war save the final overthrow of the ,prussian military power4 ,signed ,h4 ,h4 ,,asquith ,these pictures1 with their haunting sense of beauty and their biting satire1 might almost have been drawn by the finger of the ,accusing ,angel4 ,as the spectator gazes on them the full weight of the horrible cruelty and senseless futility of war overwhelms the soul1 and1 sinking helplessly beneath it1 he feels inclined to assume the same attitude of despair as is shown in 8,christendom after ,twenty ,centuries40 8,war is war10 the ,germans preached and practised1 and no matter how clement and correct may be the humanity of the ,allies1 we realise through these pictures what the human race has to face and endure once peace be broken4 ,is 8,christendom after ,twenty ,centuries0 to be even as ,christianity was in the first century--an excuse for the perpetration of mad cruelties by degenerate ,csars or ,kaisers 7spell it as you will7 at their games8 ,cannot the higher and finer attributes of mankind be developed and strengthened without this apparently needless waste of agony and life8 ,is human nature only to be redeemed through the ,cross1 and must ,calvary bear again and again its heavy load of human anguish8 ,one cannot escape from this inner questioning as one gazes on ,raemaekers' cartoons4 ,,francis ,,stopford ,illustration3 ,,christendom ,,after ,,twenty ,,centuries ,were ,i privileged to have a hand at the ,peace ,conference1 my co-operation would take the part of deeds and ,i should only ask to hang the walls of the council chamber with life-size reproductions of ,raemaekers in blood-red frames4 ,for human memory is weak1 and as mind of man cannot grasp the meaning of a million1 so may it well fail to keep steadily before itself the measure of ,belgium--the rape and murder1 the pillage and plunder1 the pretences under which perished women and priests and children1 the brutal tyranny--the left hand that beckoned in friendly fashion1 the right hand1 hidden with the steel4 ,we can very safely leave ,france to remember ,northern ,france and ,russia not to forget ,poland2 but let ,belgium and ,serbia be at the front of the ,british mind and conscience2 let her lift her eyes to these scorching pictures when ,germany fights with all her cunning for a peace that shall leave ,prussia scotched1 not killed4 ,already one reads despondent articles1 that the ,english tradition1 to forgive and forget1 is going to wreck the peace2 and students of psychology fear that within us lie ineradicable qualities that will save the situation for ,germany at the end4 ,to suspect such a national weakness is surely to arm against it and see that our contribution to the ,peace ,conference shall not stultify our contribution to the ,war4 ,the ,germans have been kite-flying for six months1 to see which way the wind blows2 and when the steady hurricane broke the strings and flung the kites headlong to earth1 those who sent them up were sufficiently proclaimed by their haste to disclaim4 ,but when the actual conditions are created and the new 8,scrap of ,paper0 comes to light1 since ,german honour is dead and her oath in her own sight worthless1 let it be worthless in our sight also1 and let the terms of peace preclude her power to perjure herself again4 ,make her honest by depriving her of the strength to be dishonest4 ,there is only one thing on earth the ,german will ever respect1 and that is superior force4 ,may ,berlin1 therefore1 see an army of occupation2 and may 8peace0 be a word banished from every ,allied tongue until that preliminary condition of peace is accomplished1 and ,germany sees other armies than her own4 ,reason has been denied speech in this war2 but if she is similarly banished from the company of the peace-makers1 then woe betide the constitution of the thing they will create1 for a 8stable peace0 must be the very last desire of those now doomed to defeat4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,a ,,stable ,,peace ,,the ,,kaiser3 8,and remember1 if they do not accept1 ,i deny altogether40 ,some 8neutrals10 and even some of the people here in ,england1 still doubt the reality of the ,german atrocities in ,belgium1 but ,raemaekers has seen and spoken with those to whom the scene depicted in this cartoon is an ugly reality4 ,one who would understand it to the full must visualise the hands behind the thrusting rifle butts1 and the faces behind the hands1 as well as the praying1 maddened1 despairing1 vengeful women of the picture--and must visualise1 too1 the men thrust back another way1 to wait their fate at the hands of these apostles of a civilisation of force4 ,yet even then full realisation is impossible2 the man whose pencil has limned these faces has only caught a far-off echo of the reality1 and thus we who see his picture are yet another stage removed from the full horror of the scene that he gives us4 ,not on us1 in ,england1 have the rifle butts fallen2 not for us has it chanced that we should be shepherded 8men to the right1 women to the left02 not ours the trenched graves and the extremity of shame4 ,thus it is not for us to speak1 as the people of ,belgium and ,northern ,france will speak1 of the limits of endurance1 and of war's last terrors imposed on those whom war should have passed by and left untouched4 ,we gather1 dimly and with but a tithe of the feeling that experience can impart1 that these extremities of shame and suffering have been imposed on a people that has done no wrong1 and we may gain some slight satisfaction from the thought that to this nation is apportioned a share in the work of vengeance on the criminals4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,the ,,massacre ,,of ,,the ,,innocents 8,we must do everything in good order--so men to the right1 women to the left40 ,it is the most bestial part of this most bestial thing that it is calculated and a matter of orders4 ,the private soldier takes his share of the loot1 and is generally the instrument of the cold and ordered killing2 but it is the officer-class which most profits in goods1 and it is the higher command which dictates the policy4 ,it was so in #ahgj4 ,it is much more so to-day4 ,this note of calculation is particularly to be seen in the fluctuations through which that policy has passed4 ,when the enemy was absolutely certain of victory1 out-numbering the invader by nearly two to one and sweeping all before him1 we had massacres upon massacres3 ,louvain1 ,aerschot1 the wholesale butchery of ,dinant1 the ,lorraine villages 7and in particular the hell of ,gubervilliers74 ,even at the very extremity of his tide of invasion1 and in the last days of it1 came the atrocities and destruction of ,sermaize4 ,in the very act of the defeat which has pinned him and began the process of his destruction he was attempting yet a further repetition of these unnameable things at ,senlis under the very gates of ,paris4 ,then came the months when he felt less secure4 ,the whole thing was at once toned down by order4 ,pillage was reduced to isolated cases1 and murder also4 ,few children suffered4 ,a recovery of confidence throughout his ,eastern successes last summer renewed the crimes4 ,poland is full of them1 and the ,serbian land as well4 ,in general1 you have throughout these months of his ordeal a regular succession1 of excess in vileness when he is confident1 of restraint in it when he is touched by fear4 ,this effect of fear upon the dull soul is a characteristic familiar to all men who know their ,prussian from history1 particularly the wealthier governing classes of ,prussia4 ,it is a characteristic which those who are in authority during this war will do well to bear in mind4 ,properly used1 that knowledge may be made an instrument of victory4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc ,illustration3 ,,bernhardiism 8,it's all right4 ,if ,i hadn't done it someone else might40 8,moreover1 by the means of ,wisdom ,i shall obtain immortality1 and leave behind me an everlasting memorial to them that come after me4 8,i shall set the people in order1 and the nations shall be subject unto me4 8,horrible tyrants shall be afraid1 when they do but hear of me2 ,i shall be found good among the multitude1 and valiant in war40 7,wisdom viii4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae47 99 99 99 99 99 ,wisdom and ,wisdom alone could have painted this terrible picture--the most terrible perhaps which ,raemaekers has ever done and yet the simplest4 ,that he should have dared to leave almost everything to the imagination of the beholder is evidence of the wonderful power which he exercises over the mind of the people4 ,each of us knows what is in that goods-van and we shudder at its hideous hidden freight1 fearing lest it may be disclosed before our eyes4 ,wisdom is but another name for supreme genius4 ,so apposite are the verses which are quoted here from 8,the ,wisdom of ,solomon0 in the 8,apocrypha0 that they seem almost to have been written on ,louis ,raemaekers4 ,moreover1 this picture brings home to all of us in the most forcible manner possible the full reality of the horror of war4 ,,francis ,,stopford ,illustration3 ,,from ,,li,,ge ,,to ,,aix-,,la-,,chapelle ,the feature that will stamp ,prussian ,war for ever1 and make this group of campaigns stand out from all others1 is the character of its murder and pillage4 ,of all the historical ignorance upon which the foolish ,pacifist's case is founded1 perhaps the worst is the conception that these abominations are the natural accompaniment of war4 ,they have attached to war when war was ill organised in type4 ,but the more subject to rule it has become1 the more men have gloried in arms1 the more they have believed the high trade of soldier to be a pride1 the more have they eliminated the pillage of the civilian and the slaughter of the innocent from its actions4 ,those things belong to violent passion and to lack of reason4 ,modern war and the chivalric tradition scorned them4 ,the edges of the ,germanies have1 in the past1 been touched by the chivalric tradition3 ,prussia never4 ,that noblest inheritance of ,christendom never reached out so far into the wilds4 ,and to ,germany1 now wholly ,prussianised--which will kill us or which we shall kill--soldier is no high thing1 nor is there any meaning attached to the word 8,glorious40 ,war is for that ,state a business3 a business only to be undertaken with profit against what is certainly weaker2 to be undertaken without faith and with a cruelty in proportion to that weakness4 ,in particular it must be a terror to women1 to children1 and to the aged--for these remain unarmed4 ,this country alone of the original alliance has been spared pillage4 ,it has not been spared murder4 ,but this country1 though the process has perhaps been more gradual than elsewhere1 is very vividly alive to-day to what would necessarily follow the presence of ,german soldiery upon ,english land4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc ,illustration3 ,,spoils ,,for ,,the ,,victors 8,we must despoil ,belgium if only to make room for our own culture40 ,if the highly organised enemy with whom we are at grips in a life-and-death struggle would only play the war game in accordance with the rules drawn up by civilised peoples1 he would1 indeed1 command our admiration no less than our respect4 ,never on this earth was there such a splendid fighting machine as that 8made in ,germany40 ,the armies against us are the last word in discipline1 fitness1 and equipment2 and are led by men who1 born in barracks1 weaned on munitions1 have but one aim and end in view--8,world-,dominion or ,downfall40 ,as a matter of fact1 instead of winning our admiration they have drawn our detestation4 ,not content with brushing aside all international laws of warfare1 they have trampled upon every law1 human and divine1 standing in their way of conquest4 ,indeed1 ,germany's method of fighting would disgrace the savages of ,central ,africa4 ,prussianised ,germany has the monopoly of 8frightfulness40 ,when not 8frightful10 ,prussians troopers are not living down to the instructions of their ,war-lords to leave the conquered with nothing but eyes to weep with4 ,not content to crucify ,canadians1 murder priests1 violate nuns1 mishandle women1 and bayonet children1 the enemy torpedoes civilian-carrying liners1 and bombs ,red ,cross hospitals4 ,more1 sinning against posterity as well as antiquity1 ,germans stand charged before man and ,god with reducing to ashes some of the finest artistic output of ,christian civilisation4 ,when accused of crimes such as these1 ,germany answers through her generals3 8,the commonest1 ugliest stone put to mark the burial-place of a ,german grenadier is a more glorious and venerable monument than all the cathedrals of ,europe put together0 7,general von ,disfurth in ,hamburger ,nachrichten74 8,thus is fulfilled the well-known prophecy of ,heine3 #8,when once that restraining talisman1 the ,cross1 is broken 444 ,thor1 with his colossal hammer1 will leap up1 and with it shatter into fragments the ,gothic cathedrals'0 7,religion and ,philosophy in ,germany in the ,nineteenth ,century74 ,what1 ,i ask1 can you do with such people but either crush or civilise them8 ,the very stones cry out against them4 ,,bernard ,,vaughan1 ,s4,j4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,very ,,stones ,,cry ,,out ,the cartoon bears the quotation from ,bernhardi 8,war is as divine as eating and drinking40 ,yes2 and ,german war is as divine as ,german eating and drinking4 ,anyone who has been in a ,german restaurant during that mammoth midday meal which generally precedes a sleep akin to a hibernation1 will understand how the same strange barbarous solemnity has ruined all the real romance of war4 ,there is no way of conveying the distinction1 except by saying vaguely that there is a way of doing things1 and that butchering is not necessary to a good army any more than gobbling is necessary to a good dinner4 ,in our own insular shorthand it can be1 insufficiently and narrowly but not unprofitably1 expressed by saying that it is possible both to fight and to eat like a gentleman4 ,it is therefore highly significant that ,mr4 ,raemaekers has in this cartoon conceived the devil primarily as a kind of ogre4 ,it is a matter of great interest that this ,dutch man of genius1 like that other genius whose pencil war has turned into a sword1 ,will ,dyson1 tends in the presence of ,prussia 7which has been for many moderns their first glimpse of absolute or positive evil7 to depriving the devil of all that moonshine of dignity which sentimental sceptics have given him4 ,evil does not mean dignity1 any more than it means any other good thing4 ,the stronger caricaturists have1 in a sense1 fallen back on the medieval devil2 not because he is more mystical1 but because he is more material4 ,the face of ,raemaekers' ,satan1 with its lifted jowl and bared teeth1 has less of the half-truth of cynicism than of mere ignominious greed4 ,the armies are spread out for him as a banquet2 and the war which he praises1 and which was really spread for him in ,flanders1 is not a ,crusade but a cannibal feast4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,satan',s ,,partner ,,bernhardi3 8,war is as divine as eating and drinking40 ,,satan3 8,here is a partner for me40 ,the ,germans have committed many more indefensible crimes than the military execution of the kind-hearted nurse who had helped war-prisoners to escape4 ,they have murdered hundreds of women who had committed no offence whatever against their military rules4 ,but though not the worst of their misdeeds1 this has probably been the stupidest4 ,it gained us almost as many recruits as the sinking of the ,lusitania1 and it made the whole world understand--what is unhappily the truth--that the ,german is wholly destitute of chivalry4 ,he knows indeed that people of other nations are affected by this sentiment2 but he despises them for it4 ,woman is the weaker vessel2 and therefore1 according to his code1 she must be taught to know her place1 which is to cook and sew1 and produce 8cannon-fodder0 for the ,government4 ,readers of ,schopenhauer and ,nietzsche will remember the advice given by those philosophers for the treatment of women4 ,nietzsche recommends a whip4 ,it never occurred to ,german officialdom that the pedantic condemnation of one obscure woman1 guilty by the letter of their law1 would stir the heart of ,england and ,america to the depths1 and steel our soldiers to further efforts against an enemy whose moral unlikeness to ourselves becomes more apparent with every new phase in the struggle4 ,,the ,,dean ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,illustration3 ,,thrown ,,to ,,the ,,swine ,the ,martyred ,nurse4 ,what does this cartoon suggest8 ,i am asked and ,i ask myself4 ,at first very little1 almost nothing1 only uninteresting1 ugly death1 gloomy1 ghastly1 dismal1 but dull and largely featureless1 blank and negative4 ,has the artist's power failed him8 ,no1 it is strongly drawn4 ,has his inspiration8 ,what does it mean8 ,is it indeed meant8 ,as ,i gaze and pore on it longer1 ,i seem to see that it is just in this blank negation that its strength and its suggestion lie4 ,it is meant4 ,it has meaning4 ,a blast has passed over this place1 and this is its sequel2 its derelict rubbish4 ,it is death unredeemed1 death with no very positive suggestion1 with no hint of heroism1 none of heroic action1 little even of heroic passion2 just death1 helpless1 hopeless1 pointing to nothing but decomposition1 decay1 disappearance1 anantissement1 reduction of the fair frame of life to nothingness4 ,that is the peculiar horror of this war4 ,were the picture1 as it well might be1 even more hideous1 and did it suggest something more definite1 a story of struggle1 say1 recorded in contortion1 or by wounds and weapons1 it might be better4 ,but men killed by machines1 men killed by natural forces unnaturally employed1 are indeed a fact and a spectacle squalid1 sorry1 unutterably sad4 ,all wars have been horrible1 but modern wars are more in extremes4 ,heroism is there1 but not always4 ,it is possible only in patches4 ,there is much of the mere sacrifice of numbers4 ,strictly1 there are scenes far worse than this1 for death unredeemed is not the worst of sufferings or of ills4 ,but few are sadder4 ,this is indeed war made by those who hold it and will it to be 8not a sport1 but a science40 ,there is no sport here4 ,men killed like this are like men killed by plague or the eruption of a volcano4 ,and1 indeed1 what else are they8 ,they are victims of a diseased humanity of the eruption--literal and metaphorical--of its hidden fires4 ,and wars will grow more and more like this4 ,what can stop them and banish these scenes8 ,only the hate of hate1 only the love that can redeem even such a sight as this when at last we remember that it is for love's sake only that flesh and blood are in the last resort content to endure it4 ,,herbert ,,warren ,illustration3 ,,the ,,land ,,mine 8,,for ,,your ,,motherland0 ,england's your ,mother6 ,let your life acclaim ,her precious heart's blood flowing in your heart2 ,take ye the thunder of her solemn name ,upon your lips with reverence2 play your part ,by word and deed ,to shield and speed ,the far-flung splendour of her ancient fame4 ,england's your ,mother6 ,shall not you1 her child1 ,quicken the everlasting fires that glow ,upon your birthright's altar8 ,england smiled ,beside your cradle1 trusting you to show1 ,with manhood's might1 ,the undying light ,that points the road her freeborn spirits go4 ,england's your ,mother6 ,man1 forget it not ,wherever on the wide-wayed earth your fate ,calls you to labour2 whatsoe'er your lot-- ,in service1 or in power1 in stress or state-- ,whate'er betide1 ,with humble pride1 ,remember6 ,by your ,mother you are great4 ,england's your ,mother6 ,what though dark the day ,above the storm-swept frontier that you tread8 ,her vanished children throng the glorious way3 ,a myriad legions of her living dead-- ,those starry trains ,that shared your pains-- ,shall set their crown of light upon your head4 ,england's your ,mother6 ,when the race is run ,and you are called to leave your life and die1 ,small matter what is lost1 so this be won3 ,an after-glow of blessed memory1 ,gracious and pure1 ,in witness sure 8,england was this man's ,mother3 he1 her son40 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 8,my son1 go and fight for your ,motherland60 ,the bubble is very nicely balanced1 for ,german 8kultur10 which is in reality but another word for 8system0 or 8organisation10 rather than that which ,english-speaking people understand by 8culture10 has built up a system of internal credit that shall ensure the correct balance of the bubble--for just as long as the militarist policy of ,germany can endure the strain of war4 ,but money alone is not sufficient for victory2 the peasant hard put to it to suppress his laugh1 and the crowned ,germania that built up the paper pedestal of the bubble1 needed many other things to make that pedestal secure2 there was needed integrity1 and the respect of neighbouring nations1 and the understanding of other points of view beside the doctrine of force1 and liberty instead of coercion of a whole nation1 and many other things that the older civilisations of ,europe have accepted as parts of their code of life--the things this new1 upstart ,germany has not had time to learn4 ,thus1 with the paper credit--and even with the gold reserve of which ,germany has boasted1 the pedestal is but paper4 ,and the winds that blow from the flooded1 corpse-strewn districts of the ,yser1 from ,artois1 from ,champagne and the ,vosges hills and forests1 and from the long1 long line of ,russia's grim defences--these winds shall blow it away1 leaving a nation bankrupt not only in money1 but in the power to coerce1 in the power to inspire fear1 and in all those things out of which the ,hohenzollern dynasty has built up the last empire of force4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,the ,,german ,,loan 8,don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse40 ,there are some ,english critics who have not yet considered so simple a thing as that the case against horrors must be horrible4 ,in this respect alone this publication of the work of the distinguished foreign cartoonist is a thing for our attention and enlightenment4 ,it is the whole point of the awful experience which has to-day swallowed up all our smaller experiences1 that we are in any case confronted with the abominable2 and the most beautiful thing we can hope to show is only an abomination of it4 ,nevertheless1 there is horror and horror4 ,the distinction between brute exaggeration and artistic emphasis could hardly be better studied than in ,mr4 ,raemaekers' cartoon1 and the use he makes of the very ancient symbol of the wheel4 ,europe is represented as dragged and broken upon the wheel as in the old torture2 but the wheel is that of a modern cannon1 so that the dim background can be filled in with the suggestion of a wholly modern machinery4 ,this is a very true satire2 for there are many scientific persons who seem to be quite reconciled to the crushing of humanity by a vague mechanical environment in which there are wheels within wheels4 ,but the inner restraint of the artist is suggested in the treatment of the torment itself2 which is suggested by a certain rending drag in the garments1 while the limbs are limp and the head almost somnolent4 ,she does not strive nor cry2 neither is her voice heard in the streets4 ,the artist had not to draw pain but to draw despair2 and while the pain is old enough the particular despair is modern4 ,the victim racked for a creed could at least cry 8,i am converted40 ,but here even the terms of surrender are unknowable2 and she can only ask 8,am ,i civilised80 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,europe1 #aiaf 8,am ,i not yet sufficiently civilised80 ,the ,next to be ,kicked ,out--,dumba's ,master ,uncle ,sam is no longer the simple ,new ,england farmer of a century ago4 ,he is rich beyond calculation4 ,his family is more numerous than that of any ,european country save ,russia4 ,his interests are world-wide1 his trade tremendous1 his industry complex1 his finance fabulous4 ,above all1 his family is no longer of one race4 ,the hatreds of ,europe are not echoed in his house2 they are shared and reverberate through his corridors4 ,it is difficult1 then1 for him to take the simple views of right and wrong1 of justice and humanity1 that he took a century ago4 ,he is tempted to balance a hundred sophistries against the principles of freedom and good faith that yet burn strongly within him4 ,he is driven to temporise with the evil thing he hates1 because he fears1 if he does not1 that his household will be split1 and thus the greater evil befall him4 ,but those that personify the evil may goad him once too often4 ,dumba the lesser criminal--as also the less dexterous--has betrayed himself and is expelled4 ,when will ,bernstorff's turn come8 ,that it will come1 indeed must come1 is self-evident4 ,the artist sees things too clearly as they are not to see also what they will be4 ,he therefore skips the ignoble interlude of prevarication1 quibble1 and intrigue1 and gives us ,uncle ,sam happy at last in his recovered simplicity4 ,so we see him here1 enjoying himself1 as only a white man can1 in a whole-hearted spurning of lies1 cruelty1 and murder4 ,note that ,bernstorff--the victim of a gesture 8fortunately rare amongst gentlemen0--is already in full flight through the air1 while ,uncle ,sam's left foot has still fifteen inches to travel4 ,the promise of an added velocity indicates that the flight of the unmasked diplomatist will be far4 ,the sketched vista of descending steps gives us the satisfaction of knowing that the drop at the end will be deep4 ,every muscle of our sinewy relative is tense1 limp1 and projectile--the mouthpiece of ,prussia goes to his inevitable end4 ,there is no need of a sequel to show him shattered and crumpled at the bottom of the stairway4 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,the ,,next ,,to ,,be ,,kicked ,,out--,,dumba',s ,,master ,the ,friendly ,visitor ,raemaekers is never false1 and he never works for effect alone4 ,that is what makes him so terrible to the people he criticises1 and so effective4 ,when he wants to depict the sturdy ,dutch soul he draws a sturdy ,dutch ,body--ready to defend her home4 ,no flags1 no highfalutin1 no symbolical figure posed for show2 just cleanliness1 determination1 and good sense facing bestiality and oppression4 ,the figure that stands for the ,freedom of the ,home opposed to the figure that stands for the ,freedom of the ,seas4 ,many an ,englishman might take this picture to heart4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole ,illustration3 ,,the ,,friendly ,,visitor ,,the ,,german3 8,i come as a friend40 ,,holland3 8,oh1 yes4 ,i've heard that from my ,belgian sister40 8,to ,your ,health1 ,civilisation60 ,this terrible cartoon points its own lesson so forcibly that its effect is more likely to be weakened than strengthened by any verbal comment4 ,death quaffs a goblet of human blood to the health of ,civilisation4 ,death has never enjoyed such a carnival of slaughter before1 and it is ,civilisation that has made the holocaust possible4 ,the comparatively simple methods of killing employed by barbarians could not have destroyed so many lives2 nor could barbarian states have raised such huge armies4 ,the artist makes us feel that such a war as this is an act of moral madness1 a disgrace to our common humanity4 ,it is true that some of the nations engaged are guiltless1 and others almost guiltless2 but there is a solidarity of ,european civilisation which obliges us all to share the shame and sorrow of this monstrous crime4 ,universal war is the reductio ad absurdum of false political theories and false moral ideals2 and the reductio ad absurdum is the chief argument which ,providence uses with mankind4 ,perhaps it is the only argument which mankind in the mass can understand4 ,,the ,,dean ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,illustration3 8,,to ,,your ,,health1 ,,civilisation60 ,fox ,tirpitz ,preaching to the ,geese ,there is nothing more pathetic in some ways to-day than the position of the small neutral countries in ,europe1 and especially those which directly adjoin ,germany4 ,and there is nothing more galling than the inability of the ,allies to give them any help4 ,for the hour they are absolutely at the mercy of ,germany1 or would be1 if she had any1 and they know it4 ,they are certainly liable and exposed to all her flouts and cuffs and to any displays of bad temper or bullying or terrorism it may please her to exercise4 ,and none perhaps is worse off in this respect than ,holland4 ,it suits ,germany to be fairly civil to ,switzerland1 who could give her a good deal of trouble by joining ,france and ,italy2 and no doubt it suits her too to some extent to consider ,denmark1 for ,denmark commands the entrance to the ,baltic2 and1 further1 ,germany does not wish to bring all ,scandinavia down upon herself just at present4 ,that can wait2 but ,holland is in the worst plight of all4 ,she has the terrible spectacle of ,belgium1 ruined and ravaged just on the other side of the way4 ,and she has a very considerable and valuable mercantile marine4 ,the great and good ,germany cannot be troubled to distinguish between ,dutch and other boats1 and if occasionally a ,dutch ship is captured or sent to the bottom1 it is a useful reminder of what she might do to her 8poor relation0 if she really let herself go4 ,fighting for the freedom of the seas6 ,holland has fought for them herself4 ,holland has a great naval tradition4 ,she knows quite well what ,england has been and is4 ,she knows too1 and can see1 how her sons and brothers in ,south ,africa were treated by the ,british in ,england's last war1 and how they regard ,england and ,germany now4 ,raemaekers' cartoon is very skilful4 ,if we had not seen it done1 we should not have believed it possible to produce at once so clever a likeness of von ,tirpitz and so excellent an old fox4 ,but the goose is by no means a foolish bird1 though its wisdom may sometimes be shown in knowing its own weakness4 ,it was they1 and not the watch-dogs1 that saved the ,capitol4 ,in old days it was the custom to call the ,germans the 8,high ,dutch0 and the inhabitants of ,holland the 8,low ,dutch40 ,it was a geographical distinction4 ,the contrast in moral elevation is the other way4 ,,herbert ,,warren ,illustration3 ,,fox ,,tirpitz ,,preaching ,,to ,,the ,,geese 8,you see1 my little ,dutch geese1 ,i am fighting for the freedom of the seas40 7,the ,germans illegally captured several ,dutch ships47 ,the ,prisoners ,a vile feature of ,german 8frightfulness0 is this3 that she mixes poison with her prisoners' rations4 ,not content with starving their bodies1 she hides truth from them and floods their minds with lies4 ,those in command--officers1 educated men1 claiming the service of their soldiers and civil guard and the respect of their nation--deliberately hash a daily meal of falsehood and serve up ,german victories and triumphs on land and sea as sauce to the starvation diet of their defenceless captives4 ,in the earlier months of the war1 while yet the spiritual slough into which ,germany had sunk was unguessed1 and the mixture of child and devil exemplified by 8frightfulness0 continued unfathomed1 these daily lies undoubtedly answered their cowardly purpose1 cast down the spirit of thousands1 and added another pang to their captivity4 ,but our armies know better now1 and those diminishing numbers likely to be taken prisoner in the future see the end more clearly than the foe can4 ,lies will be met with laughter henceforth1 for our enemies have put themselves beyond the pale4 ,they may starve and insult our bodies2 but their power to poison our brains has passed from them for ever4 ,we know them at last4 ,they have spun a web of barbed villainy between their souls and ours2 and the evil committed for one foul purpose alone--to terrify free men and break the spirit of the sons of liberty--has produced results far different and created a situation more terrible for them than for their outraged enemies4 ,for in this matter of misrepresentation and lying1 born of ,prussia and by her spoon-fed pack of martinets1 professors1 and ,churchmen1 mingled with ,germany's daily bread for a generation1 it is she and not we who will reap the whirlwind of that sowing2 it is she and not we who must soon pant and tear the breast in the pangs of the poison4 ,between the mad and the sane there can be only one victor2 and when the time comes1 may ,germany's robe of repentance be a strait-waistcoat of the ,allies' choosing4 ,for she has drunk deep of the poison1 and those who anticipate a speedy cure will be as mad as she4 ,when the escaped tigress is back in her cage1 men look to the bars1 for none wants a second mauling4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,the ,,prisoners ,it's ,unbelievable ,i am not sure that in this cartoon of ,raemaekers the most pleasing detail is not the servant's right eye4 ,you will observe in that servant's right eye an expression familiar in those who overhear this sort of comment upon the peculiar bestialities of the ,prussian in ,belgium and ,poland1 this extenuation of his baseness4 ,when the war was young the opportunity for giving that glance was commoner than it is now4 ,there were many even in a belligerent country who would tell you in superior fashion how foolishly exaggerated were the so-called 8atrocities40 ,the greater number of such men 7and women7 talked of 8two ,germanies0--one the nice ,germany they knew and loved so well1 and the other apparently nasty ,germany which raped1 burned1 stole1 broke faith1 tortured1 and the rest4 ,their number has diminished4 ,but there is a little lingering trace of the sort of thing still to be discovered3 men and women who hope against hope that the ,prussian will really prove good at heart after all4 ,and it is usually just after some expression of the kind that the most appalling news arrives with a terrible irony to punctuate their folly4 ,it reminds one a little of the man in the story who was sure that he could tame a wild cat1 and was in the act of recording its virtues when it flew in his face4 ,to an impartial observer who cared nothing for our sufferings or the enemy's vices1 there would be something enormously comic in the vision of these few remaining 7for there are still some few remaining7 that approach the wild beast with soothing words and receive as their only reward a very large bomb through the roof of their house1 or the news that someone dear to them has been murdered on the high seas4 ,but to those actively suffering in the struggle the comic element is difficult to seize1 and it is replaced by indignation4 ,this fantastic misconception of the thing that is being fought is bound to be burned right out by the realities of the enemy acts in belligerent countries4 ,it will be similarly destroyed--and that in no very great space of time--in all neutral countries as well4 ,prussia will have it so4 ,she is allowing no moral defence to remain for her future4 ,it is almost as though the men now directing her affairs lent ear carefully to every word spoken in praise of them abroad1 and met it at once by the tremendous denial of example4 ,it is almost as though the ,prussian felt it a sort of personal insult to receive the praise of dupes and fools1 and perhaps it is4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc ,illustration3 ,,it',s ,,unbelievable ,,dutch ,,officer3 8,how can they have soiled their hands by such atrocities80 ,,she3 8,can they have done it1 my dear8 ,german officers are so nice40 ,kreuzland1 ,kreuzland ber ,alles ,this war has produced examples of every kind of misery which human beings can inflict upon each other1 except one4 ,europe has mercifully been spared long sieges of populous towns1 ending in the surrender of the starving population4 ,but many towns and villages have been burnt2 and masses of refugees have fled before the invader1 knowing too well the brutal treatment which they had to expect if they remained4 ,very many of the unhappy ,belgians have taken refuge in ,holland2 a considerable number have found an asylum in this country4 ,they are homeless and ruined2 if the war were to end to-morrow1 many of them would not know where to go or how to live4 ,families have been broken up2 husbands and wives1 parents and children1 are ignorant of each other's fate4 ,in this picture we see a crowd of children1 herded together like a flock of sheep1 with nobody to take care of them4 ,their via dolorosa is marked by long rows of crosses on either side1 emblems of suffering1 death1 and sacrifice4 ,in the distance rise the smoke and flames from one of the innumerable incendiary fires which the ,germans1 like the cruel banditti of the ,middle ,ages1 have kindled wherever they go4 ,,the ,,dean ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,illustration3 ,,kreuzland1 ,,kreuzland ,,ber ,,alles ,,belgium1 #aiad3 8,where are our fathers80 ,the ,ex-,convict ,prussia in every war has betrayed that peculiar mark of barbarism consisting in using the intellectual weapons of a superior1 but not knowing how to use them4 ,it is still a matter of mystery to the directing ,prussian mind why the sinking of the ,lusitania should have shocked the world4 ,a submarine cannot take a prize into port4 ,the ,lusitania happened to be importing goods available in war1 therefore the ,lusitania must be sunk4 ,all the penumbr of further consideration which the civilised man weighs escape this sort of logic4 ,similarly1 the ,prussian argues1 if an armed man is prepared to surrender1 convention decrees that his life should be spared4 ,therefore1 if an armed man be just fresh from the murder of a number of children1 he has but to cry 8,kamerad0 to be perfectly safe4 ,and ,prussia foams at the mouth with indignation whenever this strict rule of conduct is forgotten in the heat of the moment4 ,the use of poison in the field which ,prussia for the first time employed 7and reluctantly compelled her civilised opponents to reply to7 is in the same boat4 ,a shell bursts because solid explosive becomes gaseous4 ,to use shell which in bursting wounds and kills men is to use gas in war2 therefore if one uses gas in the other form of poison1 disabling one's opponent with agony1 it is all one4 ,precisely the same barbaric use of logic--which reminds one of the antics of an animal imitating human gestures--will later apply to the poisoning of water supplies1 or the spreading of an epidemic4 ,it is soldierly and excites no contempt or indignation to strike at your enemy with a sword or shoot a pellet of lead at him in such a fashion that he dies4 ,what is all this foolish pother about killing him with bacilli in his cisterns or with a drop of poison in his tea8 ,men in war have burned groups of houses with the torch in anger or for revenge4 ,why distinguish between that and the methodical sprinkling of petroleum from a hose by one gang and the equally methodical burning of the whole town house by house with little capsules of prepared incendiary stuff8 ,the rule always applies--but only against the opponent3 never to oneself4 ,from that attitude of mind the ,prussian will never emerge4 ,we shall1 please ,god1 see that mood in all its beauty in later stages of the war1 when the coercion of the ,prussian upon his own soil leads to acts indefensible by ,prussian logic4 ,we have already had a taste of this sort of reasoning when the royalties fled from ,karlsruhe and when the murderers upon the sinking ,zeppelin received the reward due to men who boast that they will not keep faith4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc ,illustration3 ,,the ,,ex-,,convict 8,i was a #8lifer1' but they found ,i had many abilities for bringing civilisation amongst our neighbours1 so now ,i am a soldier40 ,miss ,cavell ,most of the ,english caricaturists are much too complimentary to the ,german ,emperor4 ,they draw his moustaches1 but not his face4 ,now his moustaches are exactly what he1 or the whole ,prussian school he represents1 particularly wishes us to look at4 ,they give him the fierce air of a fighting cock2 and however little we may like fierceness1 there will always be a certain residual respect for fighting1 even in a cock4 ,now the ,junker moustache is a fake2 almost as much so as if it were stuck on with gum4 ,it is1 as ,mr4 ,belloc has remarked1 curled in a machine all night lest it should hang down4 ,raemaekers1 in the sketch which shows the ,kaiser as waiting for ,nurse ,cavell's death to say1 8,now you can bring me the ,american protest10 has gone behind the moustache to the face1 and behind the face to the type and the spirit4 ,the ,emperor is not commanding in a lordly voice from a throne1 but with a leer and behind a curtain4 ,in the few lines of the lean unnatural face is written the real history of the ,hohenzollerns1 the kind of history not often touched on in our comfortable ,english humour1 but common to the realism of ,continental art3 the madness of ,frederick ,william1 the perversion of ,frederick the ,great1 the hint1 mingled with subtler talents1 of the mere idiocy that seems to have flowered again in the last heir of that inhuman house4 ,the ,hohenzollerns have varied from generation to generation in many things and like many families2 some of them have been tyrants1 some of them geniuses1 some of them merely boobies2 but they have shared in something more than that hereditary policy which has been the poison in ,christendom for two hundred years4 ,there is a ghost who inhabits these perishing tenements1 and in such a picture as this of ,raemaekers' men can see it looking out of the eyes4 ,and it is neither the spirit of a tyrant nor of a booby2 but the spirit of a sly invalid4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,miss ,,cavell ,,william3 8,now you can bring me the ,american protest40 ,the ,hostages ,ay1 boy--you may well ask4 ,and the world asks also1 and in due time will exact an answer--to the last drop of innocent blood4 ,what have you done8 ,you have fallen into the hands of the most scientifically organised barbarism the world has ever seen1 or1 please ,god1 ever will see--to whom1 of deliberate choice1 such words as truth1 honour1 mercy1 justice1 have become dead letters1 by reason of the pernicious doctrines on which the race has been nourished--by which its very soul has been poisoned4 ,dead letters8--worn-out rags1 the very virtues they once represented1 even in ,germany1 long since flung to the dust-heaps of the past in the soulless scramble for power and a place in the sun which no one denied her4 ,deliberately1 and of malice prepense1 the military caste of ,prussia has taught1 and the unhappy common-folk have accepted1 that as a nation they are past all that kind of thing4 ,there is only one right in the world--the might of the strongest4 ,the weak to the wall6 ,make way for the ,hun1 whose god is power1 and his high-priests the ,kaiser and the ,krupps4 ,and so1 every nation1 even the smallest1 on whom the eye of the ,minotaur has settled in baleful desire1 has said1 8,better to die fighting than fall into the hands of the devil60 ,and they have fought--valiantly1 and saved their souls alive1 though their bodies may have been crushed out of existence by overwhelming odds4 ,as nations1 however1 they shall rise again1 and with honour1 when their treacherous torturers have been crushed in their turn4 ,and1 wherever the evil tide has welled over a land1 indemnities1 incredible and unreasonable1 have been exacted1 and hostages for their payment1 and for good behaviour under the yoke meanwhile1 have been taken4 ,woe unto such6 ,in many cases they have simply been shot in cold blood--murdered as brazenly as by any ,jack-the-,ripper4 ,murder1 too1 of the most despicable--murder for gain--the gain that should accrue through the brutal terrorism of the act and its effect on the rest4 ,and1 if deemed advisable to gloss the crime with some thin veneer of imitation justice for the--unsuccessful--hoodwinking of a shocked and astounded world1 what easier than an unseen shot in some obscure corner from a ,german rifle8 ,then--8,death to the hostages6--destruction to the village6--a fine of #ajj1jjj on the town60 ,those provocative shots from ,german rifles have surely been the most profitably engineered basenesses in the whole war4 ,they have justified--but in ,german eyes only--every committable crime1 and they cost nothing--except the souls of their perpetrators4 8,it's your money we want--and your land--and your property--and1 if necessary1 your lives6 ,you are weak--we are strong--and so----60 ,that is the simple ,credo of the ,hun4 ,but for all these things there shall come a day of reckoning and the account will be a heavy one4 ,may it be exacted to the full--from the rightful debtors6 8,what have you done80 ,you have at all events put the rope round the necks of your murderers1 and the whole world's hands are at the other end of it4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,the ,,hostages 8,father1 what have we done80 ,king ,albert's ,answer to the ,pope ,the war has been singularly barren of heroic figures1 perhaps because the magnitude of the events has called forth such a multitude of individually heroic acts that no one can be placed before the rest2 yet1 when this greatest phase of history comes to be written down with historic perspective1 one figure--that of ,king ,albert of ,belgium--will stand as that of a twentieth-century ,bayard1 a great knight without fear and without reproach4 ,action on such far-flung lines as those of the ,european conflict has called for no great leaders in the sense in which that phrase has applied to previous wars2 no ,napoleon has arisen1 though ,william ,hohenzollern has aspired to ,napoleonic dignity2 war has become more mechanical1 more a matter of mathematics--and the barbarians of ,germany have made it more horrible4 ,but1 as if to accentuate ,german brutality and crime1 this figure of ,king ,albert stands emblematic of the virtues in which civilisation is rooted2 to the broken word of ,germany it opposes untarnished honour2 to the treacherous spirit of ,germany it opposes inviolable truth2 to the relentless selfishness of ,germany it opposes the vicarious sacrifice of self1 of a whole country and nation for the sake of a principle4 ,and1 in later days1 men will remember how this truly great king held steadfastly to the little portion of his kingdom that the invasion left him2 how he remained to inspirit his men by noble example1 stubbornly rejecting peace without honour1 and holding1 when all else was wrecked1 to the remnants of that army which saved ,europe in the gateway of ,lige4 ,amid violation1 desecration1 and destruction1 ,albert of ,belgium has won imperishable fame4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,king ,,albert',s ,,answer ,,to ,,the ,,pope 8,with him who broke his word1 devastated my country1 burned my villages1 destroyed my towns1 desecrated my churches1 and murdered my people1 ,i will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and punished for his crimes40 ,the ,gas ,fiend ,there is an order of minds that intuitively distrusts ,science1 detracts from the force of her achievements1 and contends that devotion to machinery ends by making men machines4 ,many who argue thus have fastened on ,germany's new war inventions as proof that ,science makes for materialism and opposes the higher values of humanity and culture4 ,this is special pleading1 for against the destructive forces discovered and liberated by ,german chemists in this war1 one has only to consider the vast amelioration of human life for which modern science has to be thanked4 ,because art has been created to evil purpose1 shall we condemn pictures1 or statues8 ,because the ,germans have employed gas poisons in warfare1 are we to condemn the incalculable gifts of organic chemistry8 ,look at the eye of ,louis ,raemaekers' snake4 ,that is the answer4 ,it is the force behind this application of it that has brought ,german ,science to shame4 ,a precious branch of human knowledge has been prostituted by lust of blood and greed of gain until ,science1 in common with all learning1 comes simply to be regarded by the masters of ,germany as one more weapon in the armoury1 one more power to help win 8,the ,day40 ,every culture is treated in their alembic for the same purpose4 ,we may picture the series of experiments that went to perfection of their poison gas2 we may see their ,higher ,command watching the death of guinea-pig1 rabbit1 and ape with increasing excitement and enthusiasm as the hideous effects of their discovery became apparent4 ,be sure an iron cross quickly hung over the iron heart that conceived and developed this filthy arm2 for does it not offer the essence--quintessence of all 8frightfulness08 ,does it not challenge every human nerve-centre by its horror8 ,does it not1 once proclaimed1 by anticipation awake those very emotions of dread and dismay that make the stroke more fatal when it falls8 ,these people pictured their snake paralysing the enemy into frozen impotence2 the floundering ,prussian psychology that cuts blocks with a razor and regards ,german mind as the measure of all mind1 anticipated that poison gas would appeal to ,british and ,french as it had appealed to them4 ,but it was not so4 ,their foresight gave them an initial success in the field2 it slew a handful of men with additions of unspeakable agony--and rekindled the execration and contempt of ,civilisation4 ,as an arm1 poison gas cannot be considered conspicuously successful1 since it is easily countered2 but for the ,allies it had some value1 since it weighted appreciably the scale against ,germany in neutral minds and added to the universal loathing astir at the heart of the world4 ,only fear now holds any kingdom neutral3 there is not an impartial nation left on earth4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,the ,,gas ,,fiend ,the ,german ,tango ,a blonde woman1 wearing the ,imperial crown and with her hair braided in pigtails like a ,german backfisch1 is whirling in the tango with a skeleton partner4 ,her face is livid with terror and fatigue1 her limbs are drooping1 but she is held by inexorable bony claws4 ,on the feet of the skeleton are dancing pumps1 a touch which adds to the grimness4 ,this ghoulish dance does not lack its element of ghastly ceremonial4 ,the ,dance of ,death has long been the theme of the moralist in art1 from ,orcagna's fresco on the walls of the ,campo ,santo at ,pisa to ,holbein's great woodcuts and our own ,rowlandson4 ,in ,germany especially have these macabre imaginings flourished4 ,the phantasmagoria of decay has haunted ,german art1 as it haunted ,poe1 from ,drer to ,boecklin4 ,but the medival ,dance of ,death was stately allegory1 showing the pageant of life brooded over by the shadow of mortality4 ,in ,m4 ,raemaekers' cartoon there is no dignity1 no lofty resignation4 ,he shows ,death summoned in a mad caprice and kept as companion till the revel becomes a whirling horror4 ,it is the profoundest symbol of the war4 ,in a hot fit of racial pride ,death has been welcomed as an ally4 ,and the dance on which ,germany enters is no stately minuet with something of tragic dignity in it4 ,it is a common modern vulgar shuffle1 a thing of ugly gestures and violent motions1 the true sport of degenerates4 ,once begun there is no halting4 ,from ,east to ,west and from ,west to ,east the dancers move4 ,there is no rest1 for ,death is a pitiless comrade4 ,from such a partner1 lightly and arrogantly summoned1 there can be no parting4 ,the traveller seeks a goal1 but the dancers move blindly and aimlessly among the points of the compass4 ,death1 when called to the dance1 claims eternal possession4 ,,john ,,buchan ,illustration3 ,,the ,,german ,,tango 8,from ,east to ,west and ,west to ,east ,i dance with thee60 ,the ,zeppelin ,triumph ,when the future historian gives to another age his account of all that is included in ,german 8frightfulness10 there is no feature upon which he will dilate more emphatically than the extraordinary use made by the enemy of their ,zeppelin fleet4 ,in the experience we have gained in the last few months we discover that the ,zeppelins are not employed--or1 at all events1 not mainly employed--for military purposes1 but in order to shake the nerves of the non-combatant population4 ,the history of the last few ,zeppelin raids in ,england is quite sufficient testimony to this fact4 ,london is bombarded1 although it is an open city1 and a large amount of damage is done to buildings wholly unconnected with the purposes of the war4 ,the persons who are killed are not soldiers1 they are civilians2 the buildings destroyed are not munition works1 but dwelling-houses1 and some of the points of attack are theatres4 ,the same thing has happened in the provinces4 ,in the last raid over the ,midlands railway stations were destroyed1 some breweries were injured1 but1 with exceedingly few exceptions1 munition works and factories for the production of arms were untouched4 ,here again the victims are not either soldiers or sailors1 or even workmen employed in turning out instruments of war1 but peaceable citizens and a large proportion of women and children4 ,some such act of brutality is illustrated in the accompanying cartoon4 ,a private house has been attacked1 the mother has been killed1 the father and child are left desolate4 ,the little daughter at her father's knee1 who cannot understand why guiltless people should suffer1 asks the importunate question whether her mother had done anything wrong to deserve so terrible a fate4 ,to the childish mind it seems incomprehensible that aimless and indiscriminate murder should fall on the guiltless4 ,indeed the mother had done no wrong4 ,she only happened to belong to one of the nations who are struggling against a barbaric tyranny4 ,in that reckless crusade which the ,central ,powers are waging against all the higher laws of morality and civilisation1 some of the heaviest of the blows fall on the defenceless4 ,it is this appalling inhumanity1 this godless desire to maim and wound and kill1 which nerves the arms of the ,allies1 who know that in a case like this they are fighting for freedom and for the ,divine laws of mercy and loving-kindness4 ,and it is for the young especially that the war is being waged1 young boys and young girls like the motherless child in the picture1 in order that they may inherit a ,europe which shall be free from the horrible burden of ,german militarism1 and be able to live useful lives in peace and quietness4 ,no1 little girl1 mother did no wrong6 ,but we should be guilty of the deepest wrong if we did not avenge her death and that of other similar victims by making such unparalleled crimes impossible hereafter4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney ,illustration3 ,,the ,,zeppelin ,,triumph 8,but ,mother had done nothing wrong1 had she1 ,daddy80 ,keeping ,out the ,enemy ,the ,prussian turns everything to account1 from the scrapings of the pig-trough to the ,austrian ,emperor4 ,the ,bavarian lists1 the ,saxon lists1 the ,austrian lists--these are all only indications of injuries to the ,prussian's life-saving waistcoat4 ,if this war is to be a war to the last penny and the last man1 the last ,austrian will die before the last ,saxon1 the last ,saxon before the last ,bavarian1 the last ,bavarian before the last ,prussian--and the last ,prussian will not die3 he will live to clutch at the last penny4 ,and the pity of it is that the ,austrian is quite a good fellow1 the ,saxon is a decent sort of man1 the ,bavarian is chiefly a brute in drink1 whilst the ,prussian--we all know what the ,prussian is1 the black centre of hardness1 the incarnation of the shady trick1 and the very complex soul of mechanical efficiency4 ,the ,hohenzollern here makes a sandbag of the ,hapsburg1 of whom ,fate has already made a football4 ,fate has always been behind the ,hapsburg for his own sins and those of his house4 ,she has made him kneel at last4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole ,illustration3 8,you see how ,i manage to keep the enemy out of my country60 ,the ,german ,offer ,the ,german claim--not the ,austrian nor the ,turk1 for the alliance following ,germany is to be allowed little force--is that1 the civilisation of ,europe now being defeated1 a ,roman pride may be generous to the fallen4 ,before modern ,germany is routed1 as may be seen in the features of its citizens1 the nobility of its public works1 and the admirable1 restrained1 and classic sense of its literature1 this generosity to a humbled world will take the form of letting nations1 of right independent1 enjoy some measure of freedom under a ,german suzerainty4 ,in the matter of property the magnanimous descendants of ,frederick and ,william the ,great will restore the machines which cannot be wrenched from their concrete beds1 and the walls of the manufactories4 ,more liquid property1 such as jewellery1 furniture1 pictures--and coin--it will be more difficult to trace4 ,in any case1 ,europe may breathe again1 though with a shorter breath than it did before ,germany conquered at the ,marne4444 ,this is the majestic vision which the subtle diplomats of ,berlin present to the admiration of the neutral ,powers1 happily free from wicked passions of war1 and not blinded1 as are the ,british1 ,french1 ,russians1 ,italians1 ,belgians1 and the ,serbians1 by petty spite4 ,their audience1 their triple audience1 is part of ,greece1 some of the public of ,spain1 and sections of that of the ,united ,states4 ,to the ,french and the ,british armies in the ,west1 to the ,russians in the ,east1 and to the ,italians upon their frontiers1 the terms appear insufficient4 ,therein would seem to lie the gravity of ,prussia's case4 ,these belligerent ,powers will go so far as to demand more than the mere restoration of stolen property1 from cottage furniture to freedom4 ,and their anger has risen so high that they even propose to make the acquirer of these goods suffer very bitterly indeed4 ,what plea he will then raise under discomforts more serious than those he has caused to the peasants of ,flanders and of ,poland1 and how those pleas will affect his neutral audience1 will have no effect whatever on the result of the war1 or on his own unpleasing fate4 ,those appeals will have a certain interest1 however1 because we know from the past that the ,german mind is unstable4 ,within fifteen short months it proposed the annihilation of the ,french armies and the occupation of ,paris4 ,it failed4 ,it next offered terms upon suffering defeat4 ,it withdrew them4 ,it next made certain at least of a conquest of ,russia1 failed again1 offered terms again1 withdrew them again2 was directed to the blockading of ,england1 failed2 thought ,egypt better1 and then changed its mind4 ,it was but yesterday in the mood that this cartoon suggests2 to-morrow its mood will have utterly changed again1 probably to a whine1 perhaps to a scream4 ,such instability is rare in the history of nations which propose a conquest of others1 and it is a very poor furniture for the mind4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc ,illustration3 ,,the ,,german3 8,if you will let me keep what ,i have1 ,i will let you go40 ,the ,wolf ,trap ,the wolf is not perhaps the beast by which one would most wish one's country to be represented4 ,but the wolf1 like every animal when defending its dearest1 and when assailed with treachery1 has its nobility4 ,and the ,roman she-wolf certainly has had in all ages her dignity and her force4 8,thy nurse will hear no master1 ,thy nurse will bear no load1 ,and woe to them that spear her1 ,and woe to them that goad4 ,when all the pack loud baying ,her bloody lair surrounds1 ,she dies in silence biting hard ,amidst the dying hounds40 ,italy certainly calls not only for our sympathy1 but for our admiration4 ,she has had a very difficult course to steer4 ,the ally for so long of ,germany and ,austria1 if owing them less and less as time went on1 it was difficult for her to break with them4 ,but the day came when she had to break with them1 and once again 8act for herself40 ,she told them a year ago she would be a party to no aggressive or selfish war1 she would be no bully's accomplice4 ,she 8denounced0--it is a good word--such a compact4 ,non haec in fdera veni4 ,then it was1 when the she-wolf showed her teeth1 that they offered to give her what was her own4 ,but what would the ,trentino be worth if ,germany and ,austria were victorious8 ,no1 the wolf is right1 8she must fight for it10 and behind ,austria's underhanded treachery stands ,germany's open violence and guns4 ,and ,italy loves freedom4 ,this war is a war made by her people4 ,as of old her ,king and her diplomats go with them in this new ,resorgimento4 ,and the she-wolf must beware the trap4 ,she needs the spirit again not only of her people and of ,garibaldi and of ,victor ,emmanuel1 but of ,cavour4 ,and she has it4 ,the cartoon suggests all the elements of the situation4 ,the wolf ponders with turned head1 half doubtful1 half desperate4 ,the poor little cub whimpers pitifully4 ,the hunters dissemble their craft1 the trap waits in the path ready to spring4 ,it is not even concealed4 ,is that the irony of the artist1 or is it only due to the necessity of making his meaning plain8 ,whichever it is1 it is justified4 ,,herbert ,,warren ,illustration3 ,,the ,,wolf ,,trap 8,you would make me believe that ,i shall have my cub given back to me1 but ,i know ,i shall have to fight for it40 ,ahasuerus ,,ii4 ,the legend of the ,wandering ,jew obsessed the imagination of the ,middle ,age4 ,the tale1 which an ,armenian bishop first told at the ,abbey of ,st4 ,albans1 concerned a doorkeeper in the house of ,pontius ,pilate--or1 as some say1 a shoemaker in ,jerusalem--who insulted ,christ on ,his way to ,calvary4 ,he was told by ,our ,lord1 8,i will rest1 but thou shalt go on till the ,last ,day40 ,christendom saw the strange figure in many places--at ,hamburg and ,leipsic and ,lubeck1 at ,moscow and ,madrid1 even at far ,baghdad4 ,goodwives in the little medival cities1 hastening homeward against the rising storm1 saw a bent figure posting through the snow1 with haggard face and burning eyes1 carrying his load of penal immortality1 and seeking in vain for 8easeful death40 ,there is a profound metaphysic in such popular fancies4 ,good and evil are alike eternal4 ,arthur and ,charlemagne and ,ogier the ,dane are only sleeping and will yet return to save their peoples2 and the ,wandering ,jew staggers blindly through the ages1 seeking the rest which he denied to his ,lord4 ,in ,george ,meredith's 8,odes in ,contribution to the ,song of ,french ,history0 there is a famous passage on ,napoleon4 ,france1 disillusioned at last1 8,perceives him fast to a harsher ,tyrant bound2 ,self-ridden1 self-hunted1 captive of his aim2 ,material grandeur's ape1 the ,infernal's hound40 ,that is the penalty of mortal presumption4 ,the ,superman who would shatter the homely decencies of mankind and set his foot on the world's neck is himself bound captive4 ,he is the slave of the djinn whom he has called from the unclean deeps4 ,there can be no end to his quest4 ,weariness does not bring peace1 for the whips of the ,furies are in his own heart4 ,the ,wandering ,jew of the ,middle ,age was a figure sympathetically conceived4 ,he had still to pay the price in his tortured body1 but his soul was at rest1 for he had repented his folly4 ,raemaekers in his cartoon follows the conception of ,gustave ,dor rather than that of the old fabulists4 ,the modern ,ahasuerus has no surety of an eventual peace4 ,we have seen the ,german ,war ,lord flitting hungrily from ,lorraine to ,poland1 from ,flanders to ,nish1 watching the failure of his troops before ,nancy and ,ypres1 inditing grandiose proclamations to ,europe1 prophesying a peace which never comes4 ,he is a figure worthy of ,greek tragedy4 ,the ,greek3 hubris which defied the gods has put him outside the homely consolations of mankind4 ,he has devoted his people to the ,dance of ,death1 and himself1 like some new ,orestes1 can find no solace though he seek it wearily in the four corners of the world4 ,,john ,,buchan ,illustration3 ,,ahasuerus ,,returns4 8,once ,i drove the ,christ out of my door2 now ,i am doomed to walk from the ,northern ,seas to the ,southern1 from the ,western shores to the ,eastern mountains1 asking for ,peace1 and none will give it to me40--,from the ,legend of the 8,wandering ,jew40 ,our ,candid ,friend ,the position of ,holland and ,denmark is one of excruciating anxiety to the citizens of those countries4 ,they know that the ,allies are fighting the battle of their own political existence1 but they are so hypnotised with well-founded terror of the implacable tyrant on their flank that they are not only bound to neutrality1 but are afraid to express their sympathies too plainly4 ,dutch editors have been admonished and punished under pressure from ,berlin2 the brilliant artist of these cartoons is in danger on his native soil4 ,a leading ,german newspaper has lately announced that 8we will make ,holland pay with interest for these insults after the war40 ,a ,german victory would inevitably be followed in a few years by the disappearance from the map of this gallant and interesting little nation1 our plucky rival in time past1 our honoured friend to-day4 ,no nation has established a stronger claim to maintain its independence1 whether we consider the heroic and successful struggles of the ,dutch for religious and political liberty1 their triumphs in discovery1 colonisation1 and naval warfare1 their unique contributions to art1 or the manly and vigorous character of their people4 ,it is needless to say that we have no designs upon any ,dutch colony6 ,,the ,,dean ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,illustration3 ,,our ,,candid ,,friend ,,germany1 ,,to ,,holland3 8,i shall have to swallow you up1 if only to prevent those ,english taking your colonies40 ,peace and ,intervention ,here is pictured a grim fact that the ,peace cranks would do well to see plainly4 ,the surgeon who is operating on a cancer case cannot allow himself to be satisfied with merely the removal of the visible growth which is causing such present agony to the patient4 ,he must cut and cut deep1 must go beyond even the visible roots of the disease1 slice down into the clear1 firm flesh to make sure and doubly sure that he has cut away the last fragment of the tainted tissues4 ,only by doing so can he reasonably hope to prevent a recurrence of the disease and the necessity of another operation in the years to come4 ,and so only by carrying on this war until the last and least possibility of the taint of militarism remaining in the ,german system is removed can the ,allies be satisfied that their task is complete4 ,modern surgery has through ansthetics taken away from a patient the physical pain of most operations1 but modern ,war affords no relief during its operation4 ,that1 however1 can be held as no excuse for refusing to 8use the knife40 ,what would be said of the surgeon who1 because an operation--a life-saving operation--was causing at the time even the utmost agony1 stayed his hand1 patched up the wound1 was content only to stop the momentary pain1 and to leave firm-rooted a disease which in all human probability would some time later break out again in all its virulence8 ,what would be said of such a surgeon is only in lesser degree what would be said by posterity of the ,allies if they consented or were persuaded to apply the bandage and healing herbs of ,peace to the disease of ,militarism1 to make a surface cure and leave the living tentacles of the disease to grow again deep and strong4 ,but here at least the doctors do not disagree4 ,once and for all the ,ally surgeons mean to make an end to ,militarism4 ,the sooner the ,peace cranks and ,germany realise that the sooner the operation will be over4 ,,boyd ,,cable ,illustration3 ,,peace ,,and ,,intervention--,,german ,,militarism ,,on ,,the ,,operating-,,table 8,for the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife40 ,little ,red ,riding ,hood ,if you wish to see the position of ,holland look at the map of ,europe as it was before ,august #dth1 #aiad1 and the map of ,europe as it is to-day4 ,in #aiad ,holland lay overshadowed by the vast upper jaw-bone of a monster--,prussia--a jaw-bone reaching from the ,dollart to ,aix-la-,chapelle4 ,in ,august and ,september1 #aiad1 ,prussia1 by the seizure of ,belgium1 developed a lower jaw-bone reaching from ,aix-la-,chapelle to ,cassandria on the ,west ,schelde4 ,to-day ,holland lies gripped between these two formidable mandibles that are ready and waiting to close and crush her4 ,for years and years ,prussia has been waiting to devour ,holland4 ,why8 ,for the simple reason that ,holland is rich in the one essential thing that ,prussia lacks--coast-line4 ,look again at the map and see how ,holland and ,belgium together absolutely wall ,prussia in from the sea4 ,belgium has been taken on by ,prussia2 if we do not tear that lower jaw from ,prussia1 ,holland will be lost1 and the sea-power of ,england threatened with destruction4 ,the ruffian with the automatic pistol waiting behind the tree requires the life as well as the basket of the little figure advancing towards him4 ,he has been in ambush for forty years4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole ,illustration3 ,,little ,,red ,,riding ,,hood ,germany lying in wait for ,holland4 ,the ,sea ,mine ,when ,raemaekers pictures ,von ,tirpitz to us1 he does so with savage scorn4 ,he is not the hard-bitten pirate of story--but a senile1 crapulous1 lachrymose imbecile2 an object of derision4 ,he fits more with one of ,jacobs's tales of longshore soakers1 than with the tragedies that have made him infamous4 ,but when he draws ,von ,tirpitz's victims1 the touch is one of almost harrowing tenderness4 ,the ,hun is a master of many modes of killing1 but however torn1 or twisted1 or tortured he leaves the murdered1 ,raemaekers can make the dreadful spectacle bearable by the piercing dignity with which he portrays the dead4 ,in none of these cartoons is his sva indignatio rendered with more sheer beauty of design1 or with a craftsmanship more exquisite1 than in this monument to the sea-mined prey4 ,the symbolism is perfect1 and of the essence of the design4 ,the dead sink slowly to their resting-place1 but the merciful twilight of the sea veils from us the glazed horror of the eyes that no piety can now close4 ,even the dumb senseless fish shoots from the scene in mute and terrified protest1 while from these poor corpses there rise surfaceward the silver bubbles of their expiring breath4 ,one seems to see crying human souls prisoned in these spheres4 ,and it is1 indeed1 such sins as these that cry to ,heaven for vengeance4 ,blood-guiltiness must rest upon the heads of those that do them1 upon the heads of their children--aye1 and of their children's children too4 ,this exquisite and tender drawing is something more than the record of inexpiable crime4 ,it is a prophecy4 ,and the prophecy is a curse4 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sea ,,mine 8,seduction0 ,the cartoon in which the ,prussian is depicted as saying to his bound and gagged victim1 8,ain't ,i a lovable fellow80 is one of the most pointed and vital of all pictorial1 or indeed other1 criticisms on the war4 ,it is very important to note that ,german savagery has not interfered at all with ,german sentimentalism4 ,the blood of the victim and the tears of the victor flow together in an unpleasing stream4 ,the effect on a normal mind of reading some of the things the ,germans say1 side by side with some of the things they do1 is an impression that can quite truly be conveyed only in the violent paradox of the actual picture4 ,it is exactly like being tortured by a man with an ugly face1 which we slowly realise to be contorted in an attempt at an affectionate expression4 ,in those soliloquies of self-praise which have constituted almost the whole of ,prussia's defence in the international controversy1 the brigand of the ,belgian annexation has incessantly said that his apparent hardness is the necessary accompaniment of his inherent strength4 ,nietzsche said3 8,i give you a new commandment3 ,be hard40 ,and the ,prussian says3 8,i am hard10 in a prompt and respectful manner4 ,but1 as a matter of fact1 he is not hard2 he is only heavy4 ,he is not indifferent to all feelings2 he is only indifferent to everybody else's feelings4 ,at the thought of his own virtues he is always ready to burst into tears4 ,his smiles1 however1 are even more frequent and more fatuous than his tears2 and they are all leers like that which ,mr4 ,raemaekers has drawn on the face of the expansive ,prussian officer in the arm-chair4 ,compared with such an exhibition1 there is something relatively virile about the tiger cruelty which has occasionally defaced the record of the ,spaniard or the ,arab4 ,but to be conquered by such ,germans as these would be like being eaten by slugs4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton4 ,illustration3 ,,seduction 8,ain't ,i a lovable fellow80 ,murder on the ,high ,seas ,the recent descent of so many of her citizens from the people now warring in ,europe has of necessity prevented ,america from looking on events in ,europe with a single eye4 ,but the predominant ,american type and the predominant ,american frame of mind are still typified by the lithe and sinuous figure of the ,new ,england pioneer4 ,it is his tradition to mind his own business1 but it is also his business to see that none of the old monarchies make free with his rights or with his people4 ,and he stands for a race that has been cradled in wars with savages4 ,no one knows better the methods of the ,apache and the ,mohawk1 and when women and children fall into such pitiless hands as these1 it goes against the grain with ,uncle ,sam to keep his hands off them1 even if the women and children are not his own4 ,he would like to be indifferent if he could4 ,he would prefer to smoke his cigar1 and pass along1 and believe those who tell him that it is none of his affair4 ,but when he does look--and he cannot help looking--he sees a figure of such heavy bestiality that his gorge rises4 ,he must keep his hands clenched in his pockets lest he soils them in striking down the blood-stained gnome before him4 ,can he restrain himself for good8 ,that angry glint in his eye would make one doubt it4 ,here1 surely1 the artist sees with a truer vision than the politician4 ,and if ,uncle ,sam's anger does once get the better of him1 if doubts and hesitations are ever thrust on one side1 if he takes his stand where his record and his sympathies must make him wish to be1 then let it be noted that this base butcher stands dazed and paralysed by the threat4 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,murder ,,on ,,the ,,high ,,seas 8,well1 have you nearly done80 ,ad ,finem ,ay1--to your end6--to your end amid the execrations of a ravaged world6 ,through all the ages one other only has equalled you in the betrayal of his trust4 ,may your sin come home to you before you go1 as did his6 ,may his despair be yours6 ,it is most desperately to be regretted that no personal suffering on your part1 in this life at all events1 can ever adequately requite you for the desolations you have wrought4 ,outrage on outrage thunders to the sky ,the tale of thy stupendous infamy1-- ,thy slaughterings1--thy treacheries1--thy thefts1-- ,thy broken pacts1--thy honour in the mire1-- ,thy poor humanity cast off to sate thy pride2-- ',twere better thou hadst never lived1--or died ,ere come to this4 ,i heard a great ,voice pealing through the heavens1 ,a ,voice that dwarfed earth's thunders to a moan3-- ,woe6 ,woe6 ,woe1 to him by whom this came6 ,his house shall unto him be desolate4 ,and1 to the end of time1 his name shall be ,a byword and reproach in all the lands ,he rapined4444 ,and his own shall curse him ,for the ruin that he brought4 ,who without reason draws the sword-- ,by sword shall perish6 ,the ,lord hath said4444 ,so be it1 ,lord6 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,to ,,the ,,end ,,war ,,and ,,hunger3 8,now you must accompany us to the end40 ,,the ,,kaiser3 8,yes1 to my end40 8,u's0 ,it is the essence of great cartooning to see things simply1 and to command the technical resources that shall show the things1 so simply seen1 in an infinite variety of aspects4 ,no series of ,raemaekers' drawings better exemplifies his quality in both these respects than those which deal with ,germany's sea crimes4 ,in the cartoon before us the immediate message is of the simplest4 ,the ,kaiser counts the head of ,british merchantmen sunk4 ,von ,tirpitz counts the cost4 ,but note the subtlety of the personation and environment4 ,the ,kaiser has those terrible haunted eyes that have marked the seer's presentment of him from quite an early stage of the war4 ,there can be no ultimate escape from the dreadful vision that has set the seal of despair on this fine and handsome visage4 ,he is shown1 not as a sea monster1 but as some rabid1 evasive1 impatient thing1 dashing from point to point--as from policy to policy--with the angry swish that tells the unspoken anger failure everywhere compels4 ,for the victories do not bring surrender1 nor does frightfulness inspire terror4 ,the merchant ships still put to sea--and the ,u boats pay the penalty4 ,the futility of this campaign of murder is typified by making von ,tirpitz1 its inventor1 an addle-headed seahorse1 the nursery comedian of the sea4 ,stupid and ridiculous bewilderment stares from his foolish eyes4 ,another submarine has failed to find a safe victim in a trading ship1 but has been hoisted with its own sea petard4 ,the impotence of the thing6 ,this conference of the ,admirals of the ,atlantic1 held in the sombre depths1 is a biting satire1 in its mingled comedy and tragedy1 on the effort to win command of the sea from its bottom4 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 8,u',s0 ,,his ,,majesty3 8,well1 ,tirpitz1 you've sunk a great many80 ,,tirpitz3 8,yes1 sire1 here is another #8,u' coming down40 ,mater ,dolorosa ,you thought to grasp the world2 but you shall keep ,its crown of curses nailed upon your brow4 ,you that have fouled the purple1 broke your vow1 ,and sowed the wind of death1 the whirlwind you shall reap4 ,shout to your tribal god to bless the blood ,of this red vintage on the poisoned earth2 ,clash cymbals to him1 leap and shout in mirth2 ,call on his name to stay the coming1 cleansing flood4 ,we are no hounds of heaven1 nor ravening band ,of earthly wolves to tear your kingdom down4 ,we stand for human reason2 at our frown ,the coward sword shall fall from your accursed hand4 ,we do not speak of vengeance2 there shall run ,no little children's blood beneath our heel4 ,no pregnant woman suffers from our steel2 ,but ,justice we shall do1 as sure as set of sun4 ,or short1 or long1 the pathway of your feet1 ,stamped on the faces of the innocent dead1 ,must lead where tyrant's road hath ever led4 ,alone1 ,o perjured soul1 your ,justice you shall meet4 ,no sacrifice the balance of her scale ,can win2 no gift of blood and iron can weigh ,against this one mad mother's agony3 ,in her demented cry a myriad women wail4 ,the equinox of outraged earth shall blaze ,and flash its levin on your infamous might4 ,man cries to fellow-man2 light leaps to light1 ,till foundered1 naked1 spent1 you vanish from our gaze4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,mater ,,dolorosa 8,gott strafe ,italien60 ,when ,italy1 still straining at the leash which held her1 helpless1 to the strange and unnatural ,triplice1 began to show signs of awakening consciousness1 ,germany's efforts to lull her back to the unhappy position of silent partner in the world-crime were characteristic of her methods4 ,forthwith ,italy was loaded with compliments4 ,the country was overrun with 8diplomats10 which is another name in ,germany for spies4 ,bribery of the most brazen sort was attempted4 ,the newspapers recalled in chorus that ,italy was the land of art and chivalry1 of song and heroism1 of fabled story and manly effort1 of honour and loyalty4 ,hark to the ,hamburger ,fremdenblatt of ,february #bast1 #aiae3-- 8,the suggestion is made that ,italy favours the ,allies4 ,preposterous6 ,even though the palsied hand of ,england--filled with robber gold--be held out to her1 ,italy's vows1 ,italy's sense of obligation1 ,italy's word once given1 can never be broken4 ,such a nation of noblemen could have no dealings with hucksters40 ,germany is1 indeed1 a fine judge of a nation's 8word once given0 and a nation's 8vows10 which its ,chancellor unblushingly declared to be mere scraps of paper4 ,now let us see what the ,hamburger ,nachrichten had to say about ,italy immediately after her secession from the ,triple ,alliance3--8,nachrichten1 ,june #ast1 #aiae4--,that ,italy should have joined hands with the other noble gentlemen1 our enemies1 is but natural4 ,it would1 of course1 be absurd--where all are brigands--were the classical name of brigandage not included in the number4444 ,we do not propose to soil our clean steel with the blood of such filthy ,italian scum4 ,with our cudgels we shall smash them into pulp40 8,gott strafe ,italien0 indeed6 ,bombs on ,st4 ,mark's in ,venice1 on the ,square of ,verona1 on world treasures unreplaceable4 ,the poisoned breath of ,germany carries its venom into the land of sunshine and song1 whose best day's work in history has been to wrest itself free from the grip of the false friend4 ,,ralph ,d4 ,,blumenfeld ,illustration3 8,,gott ,,strafe ,,italien60 ,serbia ,serbia has suffered the fate of ,belgium4 ,germany and ,austria1 with ,bulgaria's aid1 have plunged another little country 8in blood and destruction40 ,another 8bleeding piece of earth0 bears witness to the recrudescence of the ancient barbarism of the ,huns4 ,serbia's wounds1 8,like dumb mouths1 ,do ope their ruby lips10 to beg for vengeance on 8these butchers40 ,turkey1 whom the artist portrays as a hound lapping up the victim's blood1 is fated to share the punishment for the crime4 ,but the prime instigator is the ,german ,emperor1 whose ,chancellor1 with bitter irony1 claims for his master the title of protector of the small nationalities of ,europe4 ,herr von ,bethmann-,hollweg can on occasion affect the mincing accents of the wolf when that beast seeks to lull the cries of the lamb in its clutches4 ,the ,german method of waging war has rendered 8dreadful objects so familiar0 that the essential brutality of the enemy's activities runs a risk of escaping at times the strenuous denunciation which ,justice demands4 ,but the searching pencil of ,mr4 ,raemaekers brings home to every seeing eye the true and unvarying character of ,teutonic 8frightfulness40 ,all instincts of humanity are cynically defied on the specious ground of military necessity4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers is at one with ,milton in repudiating the worthless plea3 8,so spake the fiend1 and with necessity1 ,the tyrant's plea1 excused his devilish deeds40 ,,sir ,,sidney ,,lee ,illustration3 ,,october ,,in ,,serbia ,the ,austro-,german-,bulgarian attack on ,serbia began in ,october1 which in ,holland is called the 8butcher's month10 as the cattle are then killed preparatory to the winter4 8,just a moment--,i'm coming0 ,here is a drawing that ought to be circulated broadcast throughout ,australia and ,new ,zealand1 that ought to hold a place of honour on the walls of their public chambers2 should hang in gilded frames in the houses of the rich2 be pinned to the rough walls of frame-house and bark humpy in every corner of 8,the ,outback40 ,it should thrill the heart of every man1 woman1 and child ,down ,under with pride and thankfulness and satisfaction1 should even bring soothing balm to the wounds of those who in the loss of their nearest and dearest have paid the highest and the deepest price for the flaming glory of the ,anzacs in ,gallipoli4 ,here in the artist's pencil is a monument to those heroes greater than pinnacles of marble1 of beaten brass and carven stone2 a monument that has travelled over the world1 has spoken to posterity more clearly1 more convincingly1 and more rememberingly than ever written or word-of-mouth speech could do4 ,it is to the everlasting honour of the people of the ,anzacs that they refrained from echoing the idle tales which ran whispering in ,england that the ,dardanelles campaign was a cruel blunder1 that the blood of the ,anzacs' bravest and best had been uselessly spilt1 that their splendid young lives had been an empty sacrifice to the demons of ,incompetence and ,inefficiency4 ,to those in ,australia who in their hearts may feel that shreds of truth were woven in the rumours--that the ,anzacs were spent on a forlorn hope1 were wasted on a task foredoomed to failure--let this simple drawing bring the comfort of the truth4 ,the artist has seen deeper and further than most4 ,the ,turkish armies held from pouring on ,russia and ,serbia1 from thumping down the scales of neutrality in ,greece and ,roumania perhaps1 from massing their troops with the ,central ,powers2 the ,kaiser chained on the ,east and ,west for the critical months when men and munitions were desperately lacking to the ,allies1 when the extra weight of the ,turks might have freed the ,kaiser's power of fierce attack on ,east and ,west--this is what we already know1 what the artist here tells the wide world of the part played by the heroes of the ,dardanelles4 ,in face of this1 who dare hint they suffered and died in vain8 ,,boyd ,,cable ,illustration3 8,just a moment--,i'm coming40 ,the ,holy ,war ,surely the artist when he drew this was endowed with the wisdom of the seer1 the vision of the prophet4 ,for it was drawn before the days in which ,i write1 before the ,russian giant had proved his greatness on the body of the ,turk1 before the bludgeon-strokes in the ,caucasus1 the heart-thrust of ,erzerum1 the torrent of pursuit of the broken ,turks to ,mush and ,trebizond4 ,we know--and ,i am grateful for the chance to voice our gratitude to him--the greatness of our ,russian ,ally4 ,we remember the early days when the ,kaiser's hosts were pouring in over ,france1 and the ,russian thrust into ,galicia drew some of the overwhelming weight from the ,western ,front4 ,we realise now the nobility of self-sacrifice that flung an army within reach of the jaws of destruction1 that risked its annihilation to draw upon itself some of the sword-strokes that threatened to pierce to the heart of the ,west4 ,our national and natural instinct of admiration for a hard fighter1 and still greater admiration for the apex of good sportsmanship1 for the friend or foe who can 8take a licking10 who is a 8good loser10 went out even more strongly to ,russia in the dark days when1 faced by an overwhelming weight of metal1 she was forced and hammered and battered back1 losing battle-line after battle-line1 stronghold after stronghold1 city after city2 losing everything except heart and dogged punishment-enduring courage4 ,and how great the ,russian truly is will surely be known presently to the ,turk and to the masquerading false 8,prophet of ,allah40 8,no one is great save ,allah10 says ,william1 and even as the ,turk spoke more truly than he knew in calling the ,russian great1 even as he was bitterly to realise the greatness1 so in the fullness of time must ,william come to realise how great is the ,allah of the ,moslem1 the ,christian ,god ,whom he has blasphemed1 and in ,whose name he and his people have perpetrated so many crimes and abominations4 ,,boyd ,,cable ,illustration3 ,,the ,,holy ,,war ,,the ,,turk3 8,but he is so great40 ,,william3 8,no one is great1 save ,allah1 and ,i am his prophet40 8,gott mit ,uns0 ,when we consider the public utterances of the ,german clergy1 we can very easily substitute for their symbol of ,christian faith this malignant1 grotesque1 and inhuman monster of ,louis ,raemaekers4 ,indeed1 our inclination is to thrust the green demon himself into the pulpit of the ,fatherland2 for his wrinkled skull could hatch and his evil mouth utter no more diabolic sentiments than those recorded and applauded from ,lutheran ,leipsic1 or from the ,university and the chief ,protestant pulpit in ,berlin4 ,such sermons are a part of that national debcle of reasoning faculty which is the price intellectual ,germany has paid for the surrender of her soul to ,prussia4 ,an example or two may be cited from the outrageous mass4 ,professor ,rheinhold ,seeby1 who teaches theology at ,berlin ,university1 has described his nation's achievements in ,belgium and ,serbia as a work of charity1 since ,germany punishes other ,states for their good and out of love4 ,pastor ,philippi1 also of ,berlin1 has said that1 as ,god allowed ,his only ,son to be crucified1 that ,his scheme of redemption might be accomplished1 so ,germany1 ,god with her1 must crucify humanity in order that its ultimate salvation may be secured2 and the ,teutonic nation has been chosen to perform this task1 because ,germany alone is pure and1 therefore1 a fitting instrument for the ,divine ,hand4 ,satan1 who has returned to earth in the shape of ,england1 must be utterly destroyed1 while the immoral friends and allies of ,satan are called to share his fate4 ,thus evil will be swept off the earth and the ,german ,empire henceforth stand supreme protector of the new kingdom of righteousness4 ,pastor ,zoebel has ordered no compromise with hell2 directed his flock to be pleased at the sufferings of the enemy2 and bade them rejoice when thousands of the non-elect are sent to the bottom of the sea4 ,yes1 we will give the green devil his robe and bands until ,germany is in her strait-jacket2 after which experience1 her conceptions of a ,supreme ,being and her own relation thereto may become modified4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 8,,gott ,,mit ,,uns0 ,the ,widows of ,belgium ,this deeply pathetic picture evokes the memory of many sad and patient faces which we have seen during the last eighteen months4 ,it is the women1 after all--wives1 mothers1 sisters1 and daughters--who have the heaviest load to bear in war-time4 ,the courage and heroism which they have shown are an honour to human nature4 ,the world is richer for it2 and the sacrifices which they have bravely faced and nobly borne may have a greater effect in convincing mankind of the wickedness and folly of aggressive militarism than all the eloquence of peace advocates4 ,we must not forget that the war has made about six ,german widows for every one in our country4 ,with these we have no quarrel2 we know that family affection is strong in ,germany1 and we are sorry for them4 ,they1 like our own suffering women1 are the victims of a barbarous ideal of national glory1 and a worse than barbarous perversion of patriotism1 which in our opponents has become a kind of moral insanity4 ,these pictures will remain long after the war-passion has subsided4 ,they will do their part in preventing a recrudescence of it4 ,who that has ever clamoured for war can face the unspoken reproach in these pitiful eyes8 ,who can think unmoved of the happy romance of wedded love1 so early and so sadly terminated8 ,,the ,,dean ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,illustration3 ,,the ,,widows ,,of ,,belgium ,the ,harvest is ,ripe ,the artist spreads before you a view such as you would have on the great wheat-growing plains of ,hungary1 or on the level plateau of ,asiatic ,turkey--the vast1 unending1 monotonous1 undivided field of corn4 ,in the background the view is interrupted by two villages from which great clouds of flame and smoke are rising--they are both on fire--and as you look closer at the harvest you see that1 instead of wheat1 it consists of endless regiments of marching soldiers4 8,the harvest is plentiful1 but the labourers are few03 here is only one1 but he is quite sufficient--8the reaper whose name is ,death10 a skeleton over whose bones the peasant's dress--a shirt and a pair of ragged trousers--hangs loose4 ,the shirt-sleeves of the skeleton are turned well up1 as if for more active exertion1 as he grasps the two holds of the huge scythe with which he is sweeping down the harvest4 ,this is not war of the old type1 with its opportunities for chivalry1 its glories1 and its pride of manly strength4 ,the ,german development of war has made it into a mere exercise in killing1 a business of slaughter4 ,which side can kill most1 and itself outlast the other8 ,when one reads the calculations by which careful statisticians demonstrate that in the first seventeen months of the ,war ,germany alone lost over a million of men killed in battle1 one feels that this cartoon is not exaggerated4 ,it is the bare truth4 ,the ease with which the giant figure of ,death mows down the harvest of tiny men corresponds1 in fact1 to the million of ,german dead1 probably as many among the ,russians1 to which must be added the losses among the ,austrians1 the ,french1 the ,british1 the ,belgians1 ,italians1 ,serbs1 ,turks1 and ,montenegrins4 ,the appalling total is this vast harvest which covers the plain4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,the ,,harvest ,,is ,,ripe 8,unmasked0 8,the ,yellow ,book10 it may be remembered1 was the official publication of some of the details of atrocities committed by the ,huns on the defenceless women and children of ravished ,belgium4 ,it told in cold and unimpassioned sentences1 in plain and simple words more terrible than the most fervid outpourings of patriot or humanitarian1 the tale of brutalities1 of cold-blooded crimes1 of murders and rape and mental and physical tortures beyond the capabilities or the imaginings of savages1 possible only in their refinements of cruelty to the civilised apostles of ,kultur4 ,there are many men in the trenches of the ,allies to-day who will say that the ,german soldier is a brave man1 that he must be brave to advance to the slaughter of the massed attack1 to hold to his trenches under the horrible punishment of heavy artillery fire4 ,as a nation we are always ready to admit and to admire physical courage1 and if ,germany had fought a 8clean fight10 had 8played the game10 starkly and straightly1 against our fighting men1 we could--and our fighting men especially could1 and ,i believe would--have helped her to her feet and shaken hands honestly with her after she was beaten4 ,but with such a brute beast as the unmasking of the ,yellow ,book has revealed ,germany to be we can never feel friendship1 admiration1 or respect4 ,the ,german is a 8dirty fighter10 and to the ,british soldier that alone puts him beyond the pale4 ,he has outraged all the rules and the instincts of chivalry4 ,his bravery in battle is the bravery of a ravening wolf1 of a blood-drunk savage animal4 ,it is only left to the ,allies to treat him as such1 to thrash him by brute force1 and then to clip his teeth and talons and by treaty and agreement amongst themselves to keep him chained and caged beyond the possibility of another outbreak4 ,,boyd ,,cable ,illustration3 ,,unmasked ,the ,yellow ,book ,the ,great ,surprise ,in the note to another picture ,i have remarked on the farcical hypocrisy of the ,german ,emperor in presenting himself1 as he so often does1 as the ,high ,priest of several different religions at the same time4 ,they are nearly all of them religions with which he would have no sort of concern1 even if his religious pose were as real as it is artificial4 ,being in fact the ruler and representative of a country which alone among ,european countries builds with complete security upon the conviction that all ,christianity is dead1 he can only be1 even in theory1 the prince of an extreme ,protestant ,state4 ,long before the ,war it was common for the best caricaturists of ,europe1 and even of ,germany1 to make particular fun of these preposterous temporary ,papacies in which the ,kaiser parades himself as if for a fancy-dress ball2 and in the accompanying picture ,mr4 ,raemaekers has returned more or less to this old pantomimic line of satire4 ,the cartoon recalls some of those more good-humoured1 but perhaps equally contemptuous1 sketches in which the draughtsmen of the ,french comic papers used to take a particular delight2 which made a whole comic ,bible out of the ,kaiser's adventures during his visit to ,palestine4 ,here he appears as ,moses1 and the ,red ,sea has been dried up to permit the passage of himself and his people4 ,it would certainly be very satisfactory for ,german world-politics if the sea could be dried up everywhere2 but it is unlikely that the incident will occur1 especially in that neighbourhood4 ,it will be long before a ,german army is as safe in the ,suez ,canal as a ,german ,navy in the ,kiel ,canal2 and the higher critics of ,germany will have no difficulty in proving1 in the ,kiel ,canal at all events1 that the safety is due to human and not to divine wisdom4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,the ,,great ,,surprise ,moses ,,ii4 leads his chosen people through the ,red ,sea to the promised 7,eng7land4 ,thou art the ,man6 ,the ,man of ,sorrows is flogged1 and thorn-crowned1 and crucified1 and pierced afresh1 by this other man of sorrows1 who has brought greater bitterness and woe on earth than any other of all time4 ,and in his soul--for soul he must have1 though small sign of it is evidenced--he knows it4 ,deceive his dupes as he may--for a time--his own soul must be a very hell of broken hopes1 disappointed ambitions1 shattered pride1 and the hideous knowledge of the holocaust of human life he has deliberately sacrificed to these heathen gods of his4 ,no poorest man on earth would change places with this man-that-might-have-been1 for his time draws nigh and his end is perdition4 ,let ,that ,other speak3-- 8,their souls are ,mine4 ,their lives were in thy hand2-- ,of thee ,i do require them6 ,the fetor of thy grim burnt-offerings ,comes up to ,me in clouds of bitterness4 ,thy fell undoings crucify afresh ,thy ,lord--who died alike for these and thee4 ,thy works are ,death3--thy spear is in ,my side1-- ,o man6 ,o man6--was it for this ,i died8 ,was it for this8-- ,a valiant people harried to the void1-- ,their fruitful fields a burnt-out wilderness1-- ,their prosperous country ravelled into waste1-- ,their smiling land a vast red sepulchre1-- --,thy work6 ,thou art the man6 ,the scales were in thy hand4 ,for this vast wrong ,i hold thy soul in fee4 ,seek not a scapegoat for thy righteous due1 ,nor hope to void thy countability4 ,until thou purge thy pride and turn to ,me1-- ,as thou hast done1 so be it unto thee60 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 8,we wage war on ,divine principles40 ,sympathy ,the cartoon requires no words to tell the story4 ,it holds chapter upon chapter of tragedy4 8,i will send you to ,germany after your father60 ,where is the boy's father in ,germany8 ,in a prison8 ,mending roads8 ,lying maimed and broken in a rude hospital8 ,digging graves for comrades about to be shot8 ,or1 more likely still1 in a rough unknown stranger's grave8 ,was the father dragged from his home at ,louvain1 or ,tirlemont1 or ,vis1 or one of the dozen other scenes of outrage and murder--a harmless1 hard-working citizen--dragged from his hiding-place and made to suffer 8exemplary justice0 for having 8opposed the ,kaiser's might10 but in reality because he was a ,belgian1 for whose nasty breed there must be demonstrations of ,germany's frightfulness pour encourager les autres8 ,and the child's mother and sisters--what of them8 ,he is dejected1 but not broken4 ,there is dignity in the boy's defiant pose4 ,the scene has1 perhaps1 been enacted hundreds of times in the cities of ,belgium1 where poignant grief has come to a nation which dared to be itself4 ,follow this boy through life and observe the stamp of deep resolve on his character4 ,though he be sent 8to ,germany after your father10 though he be for a generation under the ,german jack-boot1 his spirit will sustain him against the conqueror and will triumph in the end4 ,,ralph ,d4 ,,blumenfeld ,illustration3 ,,sympathy 8,if ,i find you again looking so sad1 ,i'll send you to ,germany after your father40 ,the ,refugees ,the wonder is not that women went mad1 but that there are left any sane civilians of the ravished districts of ,belgium after all those infamies perpetrated under orders by the ,german troops after the first infuriating check of ,lige and before the final turning of the ,german line at the battle of the ,marne4 ,we have supped full of horrors since1 and by an insensible process grown something callous4 ,but we never came near to realising the ,belgian agony1 and ,raemaekers does us service by helping to make us see it mirrored in the eyes of this poor raving girl4 ,this indeed is a later incident1 but will serve for reminder of the earlier worse4 ,it is really not well to forget4 ,these were not the inevitable horrors of war1 but a deliberately calculated effect4 ,there seems no hope of the future of ,european civilisation till the men responsible for such things are brought to realise that1 to put it crudely and at its lowest1 they don't pay4 ,what the attitude of ,germany now is may be guessed from the blank refusal even of her bishops to sanction the investigation which ,cardinal ,mercier asks for4 ,it is still the gentle wolf's theory that the truculent lamb was entirely to blame4 ,,joseph ,,thorp ,illustration3 ,,the ,,refugees ,,from ,,gheel ,gheel has a model asylum for the insane4 ,on the fall of ,antwerp the inmates were conveyed across the frontier4 ,the cartoon illustrates an incident where a woman1 while wheeling a lunatic1 herself developed insanity from the scenes she witnessed4 8,the ,junker0 ,there were few things that ,junkerdom feared so much in modern ,germany as the growth and effects of ,socialism2 and it is certain that the possible attitude of the ,german ,socialists--who were thought by some writers to number somewhere in the neighbourhood of two million--in regard to the ,war at its outset greatly exercised the minds of ,junkerdom and the ,chancellor4 ,a few days after the declaration of ,war a well-known ,english ,socialist said to us1 8,i believe that the ,socialists will be strong enough greatly to handicap ,germany in the carrying on of the ,war1 and possibly1 if she meets with reverses in the early stages1 to bring about ,peace before ,christmas40 ,that was in ,august1 #aiad1 and we are now well on in the ,spring of #aiaf4 ,we reminded the speaker that on a previous occasion1 when ,peace still hung in the balance1 he had declared with equal conviction that there would be no ,war because 8the ,socialists are now too strong in ,germany not to exercise a preponderating restraining influence40 ,he has proved wrong in both opinions4 ,and one can well imagine that the ,junker class admires ,chancellor von ,bethmann-,hollweg for the astute manner in which he has succeeded in shepherding the ,german ,socialist sheep for the slaughter1 and in muzzling their representatives in the ,reichstag4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,the ,,junker 8,what ,i have most admired in you1 ,bethmann1 is that you have made ,socialists our best supporters40 8,au milieu de fantmes tristes et sans nombre0 ,there is something daunting1 even to the mind of one not guilty of war or of massacres1 in the thought of multitudes3 the multitude of the dead1 of the living1 of one generation1 of men since there have been men on earth4 ,and war brings this horror to us daily1 or rather nightly1 because such great companies of men have suddenly died together1 passing in comradeship and community from the known to the unknown4 ,yet dare we say 8together08 ,the unparalleled solitariness and singleness of death is not altered by the general and simultaneous doom of battle4 ,and it is with the multitude1 and all the ones in it1 that the maker of war is in unconscious relation4 ,he does not know their names1 he does not know them by any kind of distinction1 he knows them only by thousands4 ,yet everyone with a separate life and separate death is in conscious relation with him1 knows him for the tyrant who has taken his youth1 his hope1 his love1 his fatherhood4 ,what a multitude to meet1 whether in thought1 in conscience1 or in another world6 ,we all1 no doubt1 try to make the thought of massacre less intolerable to our minds by telling ourselves that the sufferers suffer one by one1 to each his own share1 and not another's2 that though the numbers may appal1 they do not make each man's part more terrible4 ,but this is not much comfort4 ,there is not1 it is true1 a sum of multiplication2 but there is the sum of addition4 ,and that addition--the multitude man by man--the ,war ,lord has to reckon with3 ,frederick the ,great with his men1 ,napoleon with his1 the ,german ,emperor with his--each one of the innumerable unknown knowing his destroyer4 ,,alice ,,meynell ,illustration3 8,mais quand la voix de ,dieu l'appela il se voyait seul sur la terre au milieu de fantmes tristes et sans nombre40 ,bluebeard's ,chamber ,the ,committee of ,enquiry1 like another ,portia1 clothed in the ermine-trimmed robe of ,justice and the ,law1 has unlocked with the key of ,truth the door of the closed chamber4 ,the key lies behind her inscribed in ,dutch with the name that tells its nature4 ,the ,committee then pulls back the curtain1 and reveals the horrors that are behind it4 ,before the curtain is fully drawn back1 ,enquiry sinks almost in collapse at the terrible sight that is disclosed4 ,there hang to pegs on the wall the bodies of ,bluebeard's victims1 a woman1 an old man1 a priest1 two boys1 and a girl still half hidden behind the curtain4 ,the blood that has trickled from them coagulates in pools on the ground4 ,bluebeard himself comes suddenly3 he hurries down the steps brandishing his curved sword1 a big1 burly figure1 with square1 thick beard1 and streaming whiskers1 wearing a ,prussian helmet1 his mouth open to utter a roar of rage and fury4 ,the hatred and scorn with which the artist inspires his pictures of ,prussia are inexhaustible in their variety3 ,prussia is barbarism attempting to trample on law and education1 brutality beating down humanity1 a grim figure1 the incarnation of 8frightfulness40 ,i can imagine the feelings with which all ,germans must regard the picture that the ,dutch artist always gives of their country1 if they regard ,prussia as their country4 8,for every cartoon of ,raemaekers10 said a ,german newspaper1 8the payment will be exacted in full1 when the reckoning is made up40 ,to this painter the ,prussian ruling power is incapable of understanding what nobility of nature means4 ,he can practise on and take advantage of the vices and weaknesses of his enemies2 he can buy the services of many among them1 and have all the worser people in his fee as his servants and agents2 but he is always foiled1 because he forgets that some men cannot be bought1 and that these men will steel their fellow-countrymen's minds to resist tyranny to the last4 ,the mass of men can be led either to evil or to good4 ,the ,prussian military system assumes the former as certain1 and is well skilled in the way4 ,but there is the latter way1 too1 which ,prussia never knew and never takes into account as a possibility2 and men as a whole prefer the way to good before the way to evil1 when both are fully explained and made clear4 ,this saves men1 and ruins ,prussia4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,bluebeard',s ,,chamber ,the horrors perpetrated by the ,germans were brought to light by the ,belgian ,committee of ,enquiry4 ,the ,raid ,the seaman of history is a chivalrous and romantic figure1 a gallant and relentless fighter1 a generous and a tender conqueror4 ,in ,codrington's first letter to his wife after the battle of ,trafalgar1 he tells her to send #ajj to one of the ,french captains who goes to ,england from the battle as a prisoner of war4 ,the ,british and ,french navies cherish a hundred memories of acts like these4 ,if the ,german navy survives the war what memories will it have8 ,it must search the gaols for the exemplars in peace of the acts that win them the ,iron ,cross in war4 ,note in this drawing that the types selected are not in themselves base units of humanity4 ,they have been made so by the beastly crimes superior orders have forced them to commit4 ,but even this has not brought them so low but they wonder at the topsy-turvydom of war that brings them honour where poor ,black ,mary only got her deserts in gaol4 ,the crimes of the higher command have passed in ,germany uncondemned and unbanned by cardinals and bishops4 ,but the conscience of ,germany cannot be wholly dead4 ,nor will six years only be the term of ,germany's humiliation and remorse4 ,the spotless white of the naval uniform1 sullied and besmirched by those savage cruelties1 cannot1 any more than the ,german soul1 be brought back 8whiter than snow0 by any bestowal of the ,iron ,cross4 ,the effort to cleanse either would 8the multitudinous seas incarnadine40 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,the ,,raid 8,do you remember ,black ,mary of ,hamburg80 8,aye1 well40 8,she got six years for killing a child1 whilst we get the ,iron ,cross for killing twenty at ,hartlepool40 ,better a ,living ,dog than a ,dead ,lion ,here is the grim choice of alternatives presented to other nations by the creed of ,deutschland ber ,alles--the cost of resistance and the reward of submission4 ,on one side lies the man who has fought a good fight 8for ,freedom40 ,he has lost his life but won an immortal memory inscribed upon the cross4 ,the other has saved his life1 and lo6 it is a 8dog's life40 ,he is not even a well-treated dog4 ,harnessed1 muzzled1 chained1 he crawls abjectly on hands and knees and drags painfully along the road1 not only the cart1 but his heavy master too4 ,in the ,netherlands and other parts of the ,continent1 where dogs are used to pull little carts1 the owner generally pulls too2 it is a partnership in which the dog is treated as a friend and visibly enjoys doing his share4 ,partnership with ,germany is another matter4 ,the dog does all the work1 the ,german takes his ease with his great feet planted on the submissive creature's back4 ,the belligerent nations have made their choice4 ,germany's partners have chosen submission and are playing the dog's part1 as they have discovered4 ,the ,allies on the other side are paying the price of resistance in the sacrifice of life for ,freedom4 ,and what of the neutrals8 ,they are evading the choice under cover of the ,allies and waxing fat meanwhile4 ,it is not a very heroic attitude and will exclude them from any voice in the settlement4 ,but we understand their position1 and at least they are ready to fight for their own freedom4 ,there are1 however1 individuals who are not ready to fight at all4 ,they call themselves conscientious objectors1 prate of the law of ,christ and pose as idealists4 ,if they followed ,christ they would sacrifice their lives for others1 but they are only concerned for their own skins4 ,their place is in the shafts4 ,the true idealist lies beneath the ,cross4 ,,arthur ,,shadwell ,illustration3 ,,better ,a ,,living ,,dog ,,than ,a ,,dead ,,lion ,,the ,,driver3 8,you are a worthy ,dutchman4 ,he who lies there was a foolish idealist40 8,the ,burden of the ,intolerable ,day0 ,most people have wondered from time to time what the ,kaiser thinks in his inmost heart and in the solitude of his own chamber about the condition of ,germany and about the ,war4 ,what impression has been made on him by the alternation of victories and failures during the last twenty months8 ,after all he has staked everything--he has everything to lose4 ,what does he feel8 ,what impression do the frightful losses of his own people make on him8 ,raemaekers tells in this cartoon4 ,the ,kaiser has this moment been wakened from sleep by the entrance of a big gorgeously dressed footman1 carrying his morning tea4 ,the panelling of the royal chamber in the palace at ,potsdam is faintly indicated4 ,the ,kaiser sits up in bed1 and a look of agony gathers on his face as he realises that he has wakened up to the grim horror of a new day1 and that the delightful time which he has just been living through was only a dream4 ,he had dreamed that the whole thing was not true--that the ,war had never really occurred1 and that he could face the world with a conscience clear from guilt2 and now he has wakened up to bear the burden for another day4 ,it is written in his face what he thinks4 ,you see the deep down-drawn lines in the lower part of the face1 the furrows upon the forehead1 and the look almost of terror in the eyes4 ,but a smug-faced flunkey offers him a cup of tea with buttered toast1 and he must come back to the pretence of that tragi-comedy1 the life of the ,king-,emperor4 ,the ,dutch artist is fully alive to the comic element which underlies that tragedy4 ,the ,king-,emperor1 as he awakes from sleep and sits forward from that mountain of pillows1 would be a purely comic figure were it not for the terrible tragedy written in his face4 ,a footman in brilliant livery is a comic figure4 ,the splendour of this livery brings out the comic element by its contrast to1 and yet its harmony with1 the stupid self-satisfaction of the countenance and the curls of the powdered hair4 ,the ,kaiser1 however1 awakens to more than the pretences and shams of court life4 ,the vast dreams which he cherished before the ,war of world-conquest and an invincible ,germany are fled now1 and he must face1 open-eyed and awake1 the stern reality4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,the ,,awakening 8,i had such a delightful dream that the whole thing was not true40 ,eagle in ,hen-run ,the ,dutchman who could see this cartoon and not admit its simple truth would have to be a very blind pro-,german4 ,at the present time it pays ,germany to pretend a friendship for ,holland1 but the premeditated murder of ,belgium is a plain object-lesson of the sort of friendship and agreement that ,germany makes with a country and people which stand in her way and are too small to withstand her brute force4 ,can any ,dutchman doubt what would be ,holland's fate if ,germany emerged even moderately victorious from this war8 ,the ,german ,war ,staff would give a good deal to have the control of ,holland and a free passage to the sea from ,antwerp4 ,they refrain from using force to gain that control only because they cannot afford to have a fresh frontier to guard and because it is quite useful to have ,holland neutral and a forbidden ground and water to the ,armies and ,navies of the ,allies1 a shield over the heart of ,berlin and ,germany4 ,it would pay the ,germans to have ,holland with them and openly against the ,allies1 and they would no doubt gladly make an 8agreement0 to that effect2 but there is little likelihood of that as long as the ,dutch can visualise the 8agreement0 as clearly as the cartoonist has done here4 ,there are many people who for years past have suspected ,germany's sinister designs on the whole of the ,netherlands4 ,the brutal ravaging of ,belgium1 the talk that already runs1 openly or in whispers1 in ,germany of 8annexation of conquered territories0 and 8extended borders10 tell plainly the same tale--that any agreement between a small country and ,germany means merely the swallowing-up of the small nation1 the 8agreement0 of a meal with the swallower-up4 ,,boyd ,,cable ,illustration3 ,,the ,,eagle ,,in ,,the ,,hen-,,run ,,german ,,eagle3 8,come along1 ,dutch chicken1 we will easily arrange an agreement40 ,,the ,,chicken3 8,yes1 in your stomach40 ,the ,future ,there can be no doubting of the future4 ,the ,allied forces1 who in ,raemaekers' drawing stand for ,liberty1 are assuredly destined to wring the neck of the ,prussian eagle1 which typifies the tyranny of brute force4 8,for freedom's battle1 once begun 444 ,though baffled oft1 is ever won40 8,there is only one master in this country10 the ,kaiser has said of ,germany4 8,i am he1 and ,i will not tolerate another40 ,he has also told his people3 8,there is only one law--my law2 the law which ,i myself lay down40 ,it is supererogatory to dispute either of these imperial pronouncements4 ,the ,future contents herself with the comment3 8,out of thine own mouth will ,i judge thee40 ,the ,kaiser and his counsellors have now translated words into deeds1 and every instrument of savagery has been since ,august1 #aiad1 enlisted by ,tyranny in the attempt to overthrow ,liberty4 8,a thousand years ago10 the ,kaiser once declared to his ,army1 8the ,huns under their king ,attila made themselves a name which still lives in tradition40 ,the ,future replies to him that he and his fighting hordes will also live in tradition4 ,they will be remembered for their defiance of the conscience of the world1 which obeys no call but that of ,liberty4 ,,sidney ,,lee ,illustration3 ,l',,avenir ,christ or ,odin8 ,you cannot well conceive a science1 whether it be mathematics1 or architecture1 or philosophy1 without its axioms1 dogmas1 or first principles4 ,without them there is no basis on which to raise the superstructure4 ,so it is with the science of religion4 ,take ,christianity3 if it is to be taught scientifically1 it must start with the most tremendous dogma1 the ,divinity of ,christ4 ,either ,christ was or ,he was not what ,he claimed to be4 ,if ,he was not1 you must shout with the ,sanhedrim3 8,crucify ,him60 ,if ,he was1 you must sing with the ,church3 8,come1 adore ,him40 ,one thing is certain1 you cannot be indifferent to ,his claim or to ,him2 you must either hate ,him and ,his creed1 like the ,prussian warring ,superman1 or love ,him and it1 like ,england's ,crusading ,kings4 ,the cartoon before us is the finished picture which ,i can trace from its first rough sketch in the hands of ,kant1 through its different stages of development in the schools of ,hegel1 of ,schopenhauer1 of ,strauss1 till it was ready for its final touches in the hands of ,nietzsche4 ,in fancy ,i see it hung1 on the line1 in the ,prussian picture-gallery under the direction of ,war ,lords1 whose boasted aim it is that the world shall be governed only by ,prussian ,kultur and ,prussian ,religion4 ,the fatal mistake made by the ,teutonic race in the past was1 we are told1 the adoption of ,roman culture and ,roman religion4 ,germany once submitted to an alien ,god and to an alien creed4 ,she1 the mistress of the earth1 the mightiest of the mighty1 and the most ,kultured of the ,kultured1 had actually once worshipped 8an uncultured peasant ,galilean10 and made profession of 8,his slave morality40 ,now they had altogether done with ,christ1 the ,nazarene4 ,the shout had gone forth3 8,we will not have this ,man to rule over us40 ,in the future no gods but ,thor and ,odin shall rule the 8world-dominating race40 ,prussia seemed to think the world's need to-day was the religion1 not of ,virtue1 but of ,valour4 8,in a day now long fled was heard the cry3 #8,blessed are the meek1 for they shall inherit the earth1' but to-day there shall go forth the word3 #8,blessed are the valiant1 for they shall make the earth their throne4' ,in the past ye heard it said3 #8,blessed are the poor in spirit1' but now ,i say to you3 #8,blessed are the great in soul1 for they shall enter into ,valhalla4' ,again1 in the dark ages it was said to you3 #8,blessed are the peace-makers1' but now in the blaze of day ,i say unto you3 #8,blessed are the war-makers1 for they shall be called1 if not the children of ,jahve1 the children of ,odin1 who is greater than ,jahve4'0 ,for those who want more of this mad jargon on the same lines let me refer them to the late ,professor ,cramb's book on ,germany and ,england4 ,with this cartoon before me1 ,i am driven to fear that when the war is done there will rise up in ,germany a louder and stronger cry against the ,christianity of ,christ than ever was attempted after the ,franco-,prussian ,war4 ,the 8man of blood and iron10 the man with the mailed fist and the iron heel1 ,i much apprehend1 will not be satisfied with tearing down the emblem of the physical ,body of ,christ1 but to slake his bloodthirsty spirit he will want to go on to belabour ,his ,mystical ,body no less4 ,god avert it6 ,,bernard ,,vaughan ,illustration3 8,i crush whatever resists me40 ,ferdinand ,in this war1 where the ranks of the enemy present to us so many formidable1 sinister1 and shocking figures1 there is one1 and perhaps but one1 which is purely ridiculous4 ,if we had the heart to relieve our strained feelings by laughter1 it would be at the gross ,coburg traitor1 with his bodyguard of assassins and his hidden coat-of-mail1 his shaking hands and his painted face4 ,the world has never seen a meaner scoundrel1 and we may almost bring ourselves to pity the ,kaiser1 whom circumstances have forced to accept on equal terms a potentate so verminous4 ,but we no longer smile1 we are tempted rather to weep1 when we think of the nation over whom this ,ferdinand exercises his disastrous authority4 ,forty years will have expired this spring since the ,christian peasants of ,bulgaria rose in arms against the ,turkish oppressor4 ,after a year of wild mountain fighting1 ,russia1 with fraternal devotion1 came to their help1 and at ,san ,stefano in ,march1 #ahgg1 the aspirations of ,bulgaria were satisfied under ,russia auspices4 ,ten years later ,ferdinand the usurper descended upon ,sofia1 shielded by the protection of ,austria1 and since then1 under his poisonous rule1 the honour and spirit of the once passionate and romantic ,bulgarian nation have faded like a plant in poison-fumes4 ,raemaekers presents the odious ,ferdinand to us in the act of starting for the wars--he who faints at the sight of a drawn sword4 ,his hired assassins guard him from his own people and from the revenge of the thousands whom he has injured4 ,but will they always be able to secure so vile a life against the vengeance of history8 ,how soon will ,fate condescend to crush this painted creature8 ,,edmund ,,gosse ,illustration3 ,ferdinand s'en va t'en guerre ne sait s'il reviendra4 7,old ,french song adapted47 ,juggernaut ,yes1 ,kultur1 the ,german ,juggernaut1 has passed this way4 ,there is no mistaking the foul track of his chariot-wheels4 ,kultur is the ,german ,god4 ,but there is a greater ,god still4 ,he sees it all4 ,he speaks1-- 8,was it for this ,i died8-- --,black clouds of smoke that veil the sight of heaven2 ,black piles of stones which yesterday were homes2 ,and raw black heaps which once were villages2 ,fair towns in ashes1 spoiled to suage thy spleen2 ,my temples desecrate1 ,my priests out-cast3-- ,black ruin everywhere1 and red1--a land ,all swamped with blood1 and savaged raw and bare2 ,all sickened with the reek and stench of war1 ,and flung a prey to pestilence and want2 --,thy work6 ,for this8-- --,life's fair white flower of manhood in the dust2 ,ten thousand thousand hearts made desolate2 ,my troubled world a seething pit of hate2 ,my helpless ones the victims of thy lust2-- ,the broken maids lift hopeless eyes to ,me1 ,the little ones lift handless arms to ,me1 ,the tortured women lift white lips to ,me1 ,the eyes of murdered white-haired sires and dames ,stare up at ,me4--,and the sad anguished eyes ,of ,my dumb beasts in agony4 --,thy work60 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,kultur ,,has ,,passed ,,here ,michael and the ,marks 8,the ,loan3 good for #ajj marks60 ,look at him6 ,he is the favoured of the ,earth1 lives in ,germany1 where ,kultur is peerless1 and education complete 7even tho' the man may become a martyr of method74 ,war comes6 and he is seen1 as an almond tree in blossom his years tell1 when lo6 a ,war ,loan is raised with real ,helfferichian candour1 and ,michael has just stepped out of the ,darlehnskasse1 at ,oberwesel-on-the-,rhine1 or other seat of ,kultur and ,war ,loan finance4 ,are visions about8 said an ,american humorist now gone to the ,shades2 and ,michael1 ,loan note in hand1 eyes reversed1 after a visit to two or three offices1 wants to know1 and wonders whether this note can be regarded as 8hab und gut10 and if so1 good for how much8 ,is it a wonder that an artist in a ,neutral ,country should depict ,german affairs as in this condition1 and business done in this manner8 ,michael is puzzled2 and in the language of the ,old ,kent ,road1 8'e dunno where 'e are60 ,he is puzzled1 and not without cause4 ,all who have followed ,germany's financing of the ,war share ,michael's perplexity4 ,brag is a good dog3 but it does not do as a foundation for credit4 ,gold at ,spandau was trumpeted for years as a 8war chest02 but when the 8best laid schemes o' mice and men gang aft agley10 especially when a war does not end1 as it should1 after a jolly march to ,paris in six weeks1 through a violated and plundered ,belgium1 then comes the rub--and the paper which puzzles ,michael4 ,a ,german1 possibly ,dr4 ,helfferich1 the ,german ,finance ,minister1 may believe1 and some do believe1 that it does not matter how much 8paper10 in currency notes1 a ,state1 or even a ,bank1 may issue4 ,the more experienced commercial and banking concerns of the world insist upon a visible material1 as well as the personal security1 to which the ,german is prone4 ,the round-about method of issuing ,german ,war ,loans unquestionably puzzles ,michael2 but will not impose on the world outside4 ,let it be marked also1 that ,german credit methods have been1 in part1 the proximate cause of this ,war2 a system of credit-trading may last for some years only to threaten disaster and general ruin4 ,now1 it is 8neck or nothing02 ,michael goes the round of the ,loan offices1 and behold him6 ,germany herself fears a crash in credit1 and even the ,german ,michael feels that it is impending4 ,already the mark exchanges over #cj below par4 ,w4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,williams ,illustration3 ,,loan ,,jugglery ,,michael3 8,for my #ajj marks ,i obtained a receipt4 ,i gave this for a second #ajj marks and ,i received a second receipt4 ,for the third loan ,i gave the second receipt4 ,have ,i invested #cjj marks and has the ,government got #cjj1 or have both of us got nothing80 ,their ,beresina 8,is it still a long way to the ,beresina80 ,the whole civilised world sincerely hopes not4 ,death1 with the grin on his fleshless face1 is hurrying them along to it as fast as his troika can go4 ,three black horses abreast he drives--,dishonour1 ,disappointment1 and ,disgrace--and the more audacious of the carrion-crows fly croaking ominously alongside4 ,little ,willie1 with the insignia of his family's doom on his head1 is not happy in his mind4 8,father's0 plans have not worked smoothly1 his promises have not been fulfilled4 ,little ,willie is concerned for his own future4 ,he is the only sold in the world who is4 ,when the ,first--the real--,napoleon entered ,russia1 on ,june #bdth1 #ahab1 he led an army of #dad1jjj men--the grande arme4 ,when the great retreat began from burnt-out ,moscow he had less than #ajj1jjj4 ,by the time the ,beresina was reached but little of the grand army was left4 8,of the cavalry reserve1 formerly #cb1jjj men1 only #ajj answered the muster-roll40 ,the passage of the river1 which was to interpose its barrier between him and the pursuing ,russians1 was an inferno of panic1 selfishness1 and utter demoralisation4 ,finally1 to secure his own safety1 ,napoleon had the bridges burnt before half his men had crossed4 ,the roll-call that night totalled #h1jjj gaunt spectres1 hardly to be called men4 8,father1 is it still a long way to the ,beresina80 ,we may surely and rightly put up that question as a prayer to the ,god whom ,kaiser ,william claims as friend1 but whom he has flouted and bruised as never mortal man since time began has bruised and flouted friend before4 8,is it still a long way to the ,beresina80 ,god grant them a short quick course1 an end for ever to militarism1 to the wastage it has entailed1 and to all those evils which have made such things possible in this year of grace #aiaf4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 8,father1 is it still a long way to the ,beresina80 ,new ,peace ,offers ,the present policy of ,germany is a curious mixture of underhand diplomacy and boastful threats4 ,if she desires to impress the neutral ,states1 she vaunts the great conquests that she has been able to accomplish4 ,she points out1 especially to ,roumania and to ,greece1 how terrible is her vengeance on ,states which defy her1 such as ,belgium and ,serbia1 while vague promises are given to her ,near-,eastern ,allies--,bulgaria and ,turkey--that they will have large additions to their territory as a reward for compliance with the dictates of ,berlin4 ,but1 on the other hand1 it is very clear that1 as part and parcel of this vigorous offensive1 ,germany is already in more quarters than one suggesting that she is quite open to offers of peace4 ,as everyone knows1 von ,blow in ,switzerland is the head and controlling agent of a great movement in the direction of peace2 while lately we have heard of offers made to ,belgium that if she will acknowledge a commercial dependence on the ,central ,empires her territory will be restored to her4 ,similar movements are going on in ,america1 because throughout ,germany still seeks to pose as a nation which was attacked and had to defend herself1 and is therefore quite ready to listen if any reasonable offers come from her enemies to bring the war to a close4 ,the unhappy ,german ,imperial ,chancellor has to play his part in this sorry comedy with such skill as he can manage4 ,to his ,german countrymen he has to proclaim that the war has been one brilliant progress from the start to the present time4 ,this must be done in order to allay the apprehensions of ,berlin and to propitiate the ever-increasing demand for more plentiful supplies of food4 ,secretly he has to work quite as hard to secure for the ,central ,empires such a conclusion of hostilities as will leave them masters of ,europe4 ,and1 without doubt1 he has to put up with a good many indignities in the process4 8,the worst of it is1 ,i must always deny having been there40 ,kicked out by the ,allies1 he has to pretend that no advances were ever made4 ,perhaps1 however1 such a task is not uncongenial to the man who began by asserting that solemnly ratified treaties were only 8scraps of paper40 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney ,illustration3 ,,new ,,peace ,,offers ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg3 8,the worst of it is1 ,i must always deny having been there40 ,the ,shields of ,rosselaere4 ,the climax of meanness and selfishness would seem to be reached when an armed man shelters himself behind the unarmed2 yet it is not the climax1 for here the artist depicts a body of ,german troops sheltering themselves behind women1 calculating that the ,belgians will not fire on their own countrywomen and unarmed friends1 and that so the attack may safely gain an advantage4 ,there is a studied contrast between the calm1 orderly march of the troops with shouldered arms and the huddled1 disorderly progress to which the townspeople are compelled4 ,these are not marching3 they are going to their death4 ,several of the women have their hands raised in frantic anguish1 their eyes are like the eyes of insanity1 and one at least has her mouth opened to emit a shriek of terror4 ,two of the men are in even worse condition2 they are collapsing1 one forward1 one backward1 with outstretched hands as if grasping at help4 ,the rest march on1 courageously or stolidly4 ,some seem hardly to understand1 some understand and accept their fate with calm resignation4 ,one old woman walks quietly with bowed head submissive4 ,in the front walks a priest1 his hand raised in the gesture of blessing his flock4 ,the heroism of the ,catholic priesthood both in ,france and in ,belgium forms one of the most honourable features of the ,great ,war1 and stands in striking contrast with the calculating diplomatic policy of the ,papacy4 ,there is always the same tendency in the 8chief priests0 of every race and period to be tempted to sacrifice moral considerations to expediency1 and to prefer the empty fabric of an imposing ,church establishment to the people who make the ,church4 ,but the clergy of ,belgium are there to prove what the ,church can do for mankind4 ,this cartoon would be incomplete and would deserve condemnation as inartistic if it were not redeemed by the priest and the old woman4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,the ,,shields ,,of ,,rosselaere ,at ,rosselaere the ,german troops forced the ,belgian townsfolk to march in front of them4 ,the ,obstinacy of ,nicholas ,the venerable quip that what is firmness in ourselves is obstinacy in our opponents is illustrated with a ludicrous explicitness in the whole tenor of ,german official utterance since the failure of the great drives4 ,the obtuseness of the ,allies is so abysmal 7it is again and again complained in the ,reichstag and through ,wolff7 that they are unable to see that ,germany is the permanently triumphant victor4 ,whereas for ,germany1 whose cause even the neutrals judge to be lost1 to hold out at the cost of untold blood and treasure is merely the manifestation of heaven-conferred ,german steadfastness4 ,the ,army into whose obstinate corporate head it is hardest to drive the idea of ,german military all-powerfulness is the ,russian1 of which retreating units1 actually armed with staves against a superbly equipped 7but innocent and wantonly attacked7 foe1 were so stupid as to forget how to be broken and demoralised4 ,and this long1 imperturbable1 verdamte ,nicholas1 who was declared on the highest ,german authority 7and what higher87 to be annihilated twice1 having turned a smashing tactical defeat into strategical victory1 bobs up serenely in another and most inconvenient place4 ,absurd2 particularly when 8what ,i tell you three times is true40444 ,neonapoleon didn't remember ,moscow4 ,but he will4 ,,joseph ,,thorp ,illustration3 8,why1 ,i've killed you twice1 and you dare to come back again40 ,bundles of ,four ,this cartoon is horribly suggestive of ,hun utilitarian methods6 ,i am told by an eminent chemist that six pounds of glycerine can be extracted from the corpse of a fairly well nourished ,hun1 and ,i can well believe that such an opportunity for replenishing the diminishing stocks of a much needed commodity is not neglected by the ,great ,general ,staff4 ,bundles of ,four6 ,and why not1 from the ,hun point of view8 ,they have scrapped sentiment1 together with humanity4 ,what is gun-fodder to the ,scourge of ,god8 ,these unfortunates1 when alive1 were driven ruthlessly to inevitable slaughter4 ,they are sent as ruthlessly to the blast furnaces4 ,one million dead men are resolved into six million pounds of glycerine4 ,thus the ,happy ,fatherland is served4 ,one wonders whether the statisticians of the ,central ,powers have yet computed what a million of dead ,huns represents in cash4 ,a soldier capable of serving his country in the field must be worth at least fifty pounds sterling per annum to that country4 ,let us say that each dead man represents a capitalisation of one thousand pounds4 ,we have then1 roughly1 a loss of one thousand million pounds1 leaving out the totally and partially disabled4 ,what a handicap when they begin1 after the war1 the economic struggle for supremacy6 ,time was when the enemy losses sent a shiver down our spinal columns4 ,that time--thanks to ,hun methods--has passed4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,,to ,,the ,,crematorium ,,german ,,letter3 8,we send them in bundles of four40 ,the ,order of ,merit ,turkey had no illusions from the beginning on the subject of the war4 ,if the choice had been left to the nation she would not have become ,germany's catspaw4 ,unfortunately for ,turkey1 she has had no choice4 ,for years upon years the ,sultan ,abdul ,hamid was ,turkey4 ,opposition to his will meant death for his opponent4 ,thus ,turkey became inarticulate4 ,her voice was struck dumb4 ,the revolution was looked upon hopefully as the dawn of a new era4 ,abdul ,hamid was dethroned2 his brother1 a puppet1 was exalted1 anointed1 and enthroned4 ,power passed from the ,crown1 not1 as expected1 to the people and its representatives1 but into the hands of a youthful adventurer1 in ,german pay1 who has led his country from one folly to another4 ,turkey did not want to fight1 but she had no choice1 and so she was dragged in by the heels4 ,she has lost much beside her independence4 ,the crafty ,german has drained her of supplies while giving naught in return4 ,the ,german's policy is to strive throughout for a weak ,turkey4 ,the weaker ,turkey can be made1 the better will it be for ,germany1 which hopes still1 no matter what may happen elsewhere1 so to manipulate things as to dominate the ,ottoman ,empire after the war4 ,turkey is still a rich country1 in spite of her enormous sacrifices in the past decade4 ,she has been exploited from end to end by the ,german adventurer1 who will continue the process of bleeding so long as there is safety in the method2 but ,turkey is beginning to ask herself1 as does the figure of the fat ,pasha in the cartoon3 8,and is this all the compensation ,i get80 ,an ,iron ,cross does not pay for the loss of half a million good soldiers4 ,yet that is the exact measure of ,turkey's reward4 ,,ralph ,d4 ,,blumenfeld ,illustration3 ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,merit ,,turkey3 8,and is this all the compensation ,i get80 ,the ,marshes of ,pinsk ,in what are we most like our kinsmen the ,germans1 and in what most unlike8 ,i was convicted of ,teutonism when first1 in ,germany1 ,i ate 8brod und butter10 and found the words pronounced in an ,english way1 slurred4 ,but if we are like the ,germans in the names of simple and childish things1 we grow more unlike them1 we draw farther apart from them1 as we grow up4 ,we love war less and less1 as they love it more4 ,we love our word of honour more and more as they1 for the love of war1 love their word less4 ,there is no nation in the world more unlike us2 because there is no war so perfect1 so conscious1 so complete as the ,german4 ,and being thus all-predominant1 ,german war is the greatest of outrages on life and death4 ,we ,english have a singular degree of respect for the dead4 ,it has no doubt expressed itself in some slight follies and vulgarities1 such as certain funeral customs1 not long gone by2 but such respect is a national virtue and emotion4 ,no nation loving war harbours that virtue4 ,and in nothing do the kinsmen with whom we have much language in common differ from us more than in the policy that brought this ,prussian host to cumber the stagnant waters of the ,marshes of ,pinsk4 ,the love of war has cast them there1 displayed1 profaned1 in the 8cold obstruction0 of their dissolution4 ,corruption is not sensible corruption when it is a secret in earth where no eye1 no hand1 no breathing can be aware of it4 ,there is no offence in the grave4 ,but the lover of war1 the ,power that loved war so much as to break its oath for the love of war1 and for the love of war to strike aside the hand of the peace-maker1 ,arbitration1 that ,power has chosen thus to expose and to betray the multitude of the dead4 ,,alice ,,meynell ,illustration3 ,,the ,,marshes ,,of ,,pinsk1 ,,november1 #aiae4 ,the ,kaiser said last spring3 8,when the leaves fall you'll have peace40 ,they have6 ,god with ,us ,three apaches sit crouched in shelter waiting the moment to strike4 ,one is old and gaga1 his ancient fingers splayed on the ground to support him and his face puckered with the petulance of age4 ,one is a soft shapeless figure--clearly with small heart for the business1 for he squats there as limp as a sack4 ,one is the true stage conspirator with a long pendulous nose and narrow eyes4 ,his knife is in his teeth1 and he would clearly like to keep it there1 for he has no stomach for a fight4 ,he will only strike if he can get in a secret blow4 ,the leader of the gang has the furtive air of the criminal1 his chin sunk on his breast1 and his cap slouched over his brows4 ,his right hand holds a stiletto1 his pockets bulge with weapons or plunder1 his left hand is raised with the air of a priest encouraging his flock4 ,and his words are the words of religion--8,god with us40 ,at the sign the motley crew will get to work4 ,it is wholesome to strip the wrappings from grandiose things4 ,public crimes are no less crimes because they are committed to the sound of trumpets1 and the chicanery of crowned intriguers is morally the same as the tricks of hedge bandits4 ,it is the privilege of genius to get down to fundamentals4 ,behind the stately speech of international pourparlers and the rhetoric of national appeals burn the old lust and greed and rapine4 ,a stab in the dark is still a stab in the dark though courts and councils are the miscreants4 ,a war of aggression is not less brigandage because the armies march to proud songs and summon the ,almighty to their aid4 ,raemaekers has done much to clear the eyes of humanity4 ,the monarch of ,felix ,austria1 with the mantle of the ,holy ,roman ,empire still dragging from his shoulders1 is no more than a puzzled1 broken old man1 crowded in this bad business beside the ,grand ,turk1 against whom his fathers defended ,europe4 ,the preposterous ,ferdinand1 shorn of his bombast1 is only a chicken-hearted assassin4 ,the leader of the band1 the ,all ,highest himself1 when stripped of his white cloak and silver helmet1 shows the slouch and the furtive ferocity of the street-corner bravo4 ,and the cry 8,god with us10 which once rallied ,crusades1 has become on such lips the signal of the apache4 ,,john ,,buchan ,illustration3 ,,god ,,with ,,us 8,at the command #8,gott mit uns' you will go for them40 ,ferdinand the ,chameleon ,there is one whole field of the evil international influence of ,germany in which ,ferdinand of ,bulgaria is a much more important and symbolic person than ,william of ,prussia4 ,he is1 of course1 a cynical cosmopolitan4 ,he is in great part a ,jew1 and an advanced type of that mauvais juif who is the principal obstacle to all the attempts of the more genuine and honest ,jews to erect a rational status for their people4 ,like almost every man of this type1 he is a ,jingo without being a patriot4 ,that is to say1 he is of the type that believes in big armaments and in a diplomacy even more brutal than armaments2 but the militarism and diplomacy are not humanised either by the ancient national sanctities which surround the ,czar of ,russia1 or the spontaneous national popularity which established the ,king of ,serbia4 ,he is not national1 but international2 and even in his peaceful activities has been not so much a neutral as a spy4 ,in the accompanying cartoon the ,dutch caricaturist has thrust with his pencil at the central point of this falsity4 ,it is something which is probably the central point of everything everywhere1 but is especially the central point of everything connected with the deep quarrels of ,eastern ,europe4 ,it is religion4 ,russian ,orthodoxy is an enormously genuine thing2 ,austrian ,romanism is a genuine thing2 ,islam is a genuine thing2 ,israel1 for that matter1 is also a genuine thing4 ,but ,ferdinand of ,bulgaria is not a genuine thing2 and he represents the whole part played by ,prussia in these ancient disputes4 ,that part is the very reverse of genuine2 it is a piece of ludicrous and transparent humbug4 ,if ,prussia had any religion1 it would be a northern perversion of ,protestantism utterly distant from and indifferent to the controversies of ,slavonic ,catholics4 ,but ,prussia has no religion4 ,for her there is no ,god2 and ,ferdinand is his prophet4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,ferdinand ,,the ,,chameleon 8,i was a ,catholic1 but1 needing ,russian help1 ,i became a ,greek ,orthodox4 ,now ,i need the ,austrians1 ,i again become ,catholic4 ,should things turn out badly1 ,i can again revert to ,greek ,orthodoxy40 ,the ,latin ,sisters ,the ,latin ,sisters6 ,note carefully the expression of ,france as contrasted with that of ,italy4 ,france1 violated by the ,hun1 exhibits grim determination made sacrosanct by suffering4 ,italy's face glows with enthusiasm4 ,one can conceive of the one fighting on to avenge her martyrs1 steadfast to the inevitable end when ,right triumphs over ,might4 ,one can conceive of the other drawing her sword because of the blood tie which links them together in a bond that craft and specious lies have tried in vain to sunder4 ,what do they stand for1 these two noble sisters8 ,everything which can be included in the word--,,art4 ,everything which has built up1 stone upon stone1 the stately temple of ,civilisation1 everything which has served to humanise mankind and to differentiate him from the beasts of ,prussia4 ,looking at these two sisters1 one wonders that there are still to be found in ,england mothers who allow their children to be taught ,german4 ,one hazards the conjecture that it might well be imparted to exceptionally wicked children1 if there be any1 because none can question that the ,teutonic tongue will be spoken almost exclusively in the nethermost deeps of ,hades until1 and probably after1 the ,day of ,judgment4 ,for my sins ,i studied ,german in ,germany1 and ,i rejoice to think that ,i have forgotten nearly every word of that raucous and obscene language4 ,had ,i a child to educate1 and the choice between ,german and ,choctaw were forced upon me1 ,i should not select ,german4 ,french1 ,italian and ,spanish1 cognate tongues1 easy to learn1 delightful to speak1 hold out sweet allurements to ,english children4 ,do not these suffice8 ,if any mother who happens to read these lines is considering the propriety of teaching ,german to a daughter1 let her weigh well the responsibility which she is deliberately assuming4 ,to master any foreign language1 it is necessary to talk much and often with the natives4 ,do ,englishwomen wish to talk with any ,huns after this war8 ,what will be the feelings of an ,english mother whose daughter marries a ,hun any time within the next twenty years8 ,and such a mother will know that she planted the seed which ripened into catastrophe when she permitted her child to acquire the language of our detestable and detested enemies4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,,the ,,latin ,,sisters ,,italy3 8,indeed she is my sister40 ,misunderstood ,it need not necessarily be supposed that the directors of ,german destiny1 who are not devoid of intelligence1 took the ravings of ,bernhardi over-seriously4 ,he had his special uses no doubt before the day4 ,but on the morrow of the day1 when questions of responsibility came to be raised1 he became one of many inconvenient witnesses2 and there has scarcely been a better joke among the grim humours of this catastrophe than the mission of this ,redhot-,gospeller of the ,new ,unchivalry of ,war to explain to 8those idiotic ,yankees0 that he was really an ardent pacifist4 ,the most just1 the most brilliant1 the most bitter pamphlet of invective could surely not say so much as this reeking cleaver1 those bloody hands1 that fatuous leer and gesture1 this rigid victim4 ,bernhardism was not a mere windy theory4 ,it was exactly practised on the ,belgian people4 ,and this spare1 dignified figure of ,uncle ,sam1 contemptuously incredulous1 is1 ,i make bold to say1 a more representative symbol of the ,american people than one which our impatience sometimes tempts us now to draw4 ,most ,americans now regret1 as ,pope ,benedict must regret1 that the first most cruel rape of ,belgium was allowed to pass without formal protest in the name of civilisation4 ,but that occasion gone1 none other1 not the ,lusitania even1 showed so clear an opportunity4 ,a people's sentiments are not necessarily expressed by the action of its ,government1 which moves always in fetters4 ,nor has ,president ,wilson's task been as simple as his critics on this or the other side of the ,atlantic profess to believe4 ,,joseph ,,thorp ,illustration3 ,,misunderstood ,,bernhardi3 8,indeed ,i am the most humane fellow in the world40 ,prosperity ,reigns in ,flanders ,wherever ,prussia rules she has only one method of ruling--that of terror4 ,wherever she finds civilisation and the wealth which civilisation creates1 she can do nothing but despoil4 ,she is as incapable of persuasion as of creation4 ,no people forced to endure her rule have ever been won to prefer it as the ,alsatians came to prefer the rule of ,france or as many ,indians have come to prefer the rule of ,england4 ,in ,belgium she has been especially herself in this respect4 ,a wise policy would have dictated such a careful respect for private rights and such a deference to native traditions as might conceivably have weakened the determination of the ,belgians to resist to the death those who had violated their national independence4 ,but ,prussia is incapable of such a policy4 ,in any territory which she occupies1 whether temporarily or permanently1 her only method is terror and her only aim loot4 ,she did indeed send some of her tame ,socialists to ,brussels to embark on the hopeless enterprise of persuading the ,belgian ,socialists that honour and patriotism were idologies bourgeoises and that the 8economic interests0 of ,belgium would be best promoted by a submission4 ,these pedantic barbarians got the answer which they deserved2 but on their pettifogging thesis ,raemaekers' cartoon is perhaps the best commentary4 ,the 8prosperity0 of ,belgium under ,prussian rule has consisted in the systematic looting1 in violation of international law1 of the wealth accumulated by the free citizens of ,belgium1 for the advantage of their ,prussian rulers2 while to the mass of the people it has brought and1 until it is for ever destroyed1 can bring nothing but that slavery which the ,prussians have themselves accepted and which they would now impose upon the whole civilisation of ,europe4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,prosperity ,,reigns ,,in ,,flanders ,four hundred and eighty millions of francs have been imposed as a war tax1 but soup is given gratis4 ,the ,last ,hohenzollern ,behind him stands the embodiment of all that ,prussian kultur and efficiency mean1 wooden uninventiveness1 clockwork accuracy of movement--without soul or inspiration4 ,he himself is thin and scraggy--,raemaekers has intensified these characteristics1 but even so the caricature of the reality is more accurate than unkind4 ,many months ago1 this vacuous heir of the house of ,hohenzollern set to work on the task of overcoming ,france1 and the result 444 may be found in bundles of four1 going back to the incinerators beyond ,aix1 in the piled corpses before the ,french positions at and about ,verdun2 some of the results1 the swag of the decadent burglar1 went back in sacks from the chteaux that this despicable thing polluted and robbed as might any ,sikes from ,portland or ,pentonville4 ,he is the embodiment1 himself1 of the last phase of ,prussian kultur4 ,somewhere back in the history of ,prussia its rulers had to invent and to create1 and then kultur brought forth hard men2 later1 it became possible to copy1 and then kultur brought forth mechanical perfection rather than creative perfection1 systematised its theories of life and work1 and brought into being a class of men just a little meaner1 more rigid1 more automaton-like1 than the original class2 having reduced life to one system1 and that without soul or ideal1 kultur brought forth types lacking more and more in originality4 ,here stands the culminating type2 he will copy the good ,german ,gott--he is incapable of originating anything--and will 8do the same to ,france40 ,as far as lies in his power1 he has done it2 in the day of reckoning1 ,germany will judge how he has done it1 and it is to be hoped that ,germany will give him his just reward1 for no punishment could be more fitting4 ,the rest of the world already knows his vacuity1 his utter uselessness1 his criminal decadence4 ,as his father was stripped of the ,garter1 so is he here shown stripped of the attributes to which1 in earlier days1 he made false claim4 ,there remains a foolish knave posturing--and that is the real ,crown ,prince of ,germany4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,gott ,,strafe ,,england6 8,father says ,i have to do the same with ,france40 ,piracy ,in the summer of #aiad ,germany stood before the world1 a nation of immense1 and to a great extent of most honourable1 achievement4 ,her military greatness had never been in dispute4 ,but in the previous twenty years she had developed an internal industry and an external commerce on a scale and with a rapidity entirely unprecedented4 ,she had to build a navy such as no nation had ever constructed in so short a time4 ,she seemed destined to progress in the immediate future as she had progressed in the immediate past4 ,what has the madness for world conquest done for her now8 ,she has made enemies of all1 and made all her enemies suffer4 ,like the strong blind man of history1 she has seized the columns of civilisation and brought the whole temple down4 ,but has she not destroyed herself utterly amid the ruins8 ,her industry is paralysed1 her commerce gone4 ,her navy is dishonoured4 ,some force she still possesses at sea1 but it is force to be expended on sea piracy alone4 ,and it is not piracy that can save her4 ,at most1 in her extremity1 it will do for her what a life belt does for a lone figure in a deserted ocean4 ,it prolongs the agony that precedes inevitable extinction4 ,it is the throw of the desperate gambler that ,germany has made1 when she flings this last vestige of her honour into the sea4 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,tirpitz',s ,,last ,,hope--,,piracy 8,weeping1 ,she hath ,wept0 ,while a world of mourners is plaintively asking1 8,what has become of our brave dead1 where are they8 ,alas6 how dark is the world without them1 how silent the home1 how sad the heart02 whilst the mourner is groping like the blind woman for her lost treasure1 the ,belgian mother1 and the ,belgian widow1 and the ,belgian orphan are on their knees1 praying1 8,eternal rest give to them1 ,o ,lord2 let a perpetual light shine upon them10 the ,christian plea that has echoed down the ages from the day of the ,maccabees till now1 exhorting us to pray for the dead that they may be loosed from their sins4 ,i would remind the broken-hearted mother beseeching me to tell her where can her brave boy be gone1 adding1 8,his was such a lonely journey2 did he find his way to ,god80 of the words of the poet1 who finds his answer to her question in the flight of a sea bird sailing sunward from the winter snows3 ,there is a ,power whose care ,teaches thy way along the pathless coast1 ,the desert and illimitable air1 ,lone1 wandering but not lost3 ,he who from zone to zone ,guides1 through the boundless sky1 thy certain flight1 ,in the lone way which thou must tread alone ,will lead thy steps aright4 ,the brave soldier1 who in the discharge of high duty has been suddenly shot into eternity by the fire of the enemy1 will surely1 far more easily than the migrating bird1 wing his flight to ,god1 ,who1 let us pray1 will not long withhold him the happy-making vision of ,heaven4 ,pilgrims homeward-bound1 as you readily understand1 at different stages of their journey will picture ,heaven to themselves differently1 according as light or darkness1 joy or sorrow encompass them4 ,some will picture ,heaven as the ,everlasting ,holiday after the drudgery of school life1 others as ,eternal ,happiness after a life of suffering and sorrow1 others again as ,home after exile1 and some others as never-ending ,rapture in the sight of ,god4 ,but to-day1 when 8frightfulness0 is the creed of the enemy1 and warfare with atrocities is his gospel1 very many amongst us1 weary with the long-drawn battle1 sick with its ever-recurring horrors1 and broken by its ghastly revelations1 will lift up their eyes to a land beyond the stars4 ,,father ,,bernard ,,vaughan ,illustration3 ,,the ,,widows ,,of ,,belgium ,military ,necessity ,it may be asserted that the plea of 8,frightfulness0 will not be recognised a 8military necessity0 when ,germany is judged1 and that this enemy of civilisation1 even as the enemy of society1 will be held responsible for its crimes1 though they stand as far above the imagination as beyond the power of a common felon4 ,bill ,sikes may justly claim 8military necessity0 for his thefts and murders1 if ,germany can do so for hers4 ,under ,article ,no4 #df of the ,regulations of ,the ,hague1 we learn that 8,family honour and rights1 individual life and private property must be respected10 and1 under ,article ,no4 #dg1 8all pillage is expressly forbidden40 ,but while it was a political necessity to subscribe to that fundamental formula of civilisation1 ,germany's heart recognised no real need to do so1 and secretly1 in cold blood1 at the inspiration of her educated and well-born rulers1 she plotted the details of a campaign of murder1 rape1 arson and pillage1 which demanded the breaking of her oath as its preliminary4 ,well might her ,chancellor laugh at 8the scrap of paper10 which stood between ,germany and ,belgium1 when he reflected on the long list of sacred assurances his perjured country had already planned to break4 ,no viler series of events1 in ,northern ,france alone1 can be cited than those extracted from the note-books of captured and fallen ,germans4 ,such blood-stained pages must be a tithe of those that returned to ,germany1 but they furnish a full story of what the rank and file accomplished at the instigation and example of their officers4 ,space precludes quotation2 but one may refer the reader to 8,germany's ,violations of the ,laws of ,war10,a published under the auspices of the ,french ,foreign ,office4 ,it is a book that should be on the tables at the ,peace ,conference4 ,a ,english translation4 ,heinemann ,we cannot hang an army for these unspeakable offences1 or treat those who burn a village of living beings as we would treat one who made a bonfire of his fellow-man2 nor can we condemn to penal servitude a whole nation for bestial outrages on humanity1 ordered by its ,higher ,command and executed by its troops2 but at least we may hope soon to find the offending ,empire under police supervision of ,europe1 with a ticket-of-leave1 whose conditions shall be as strict as an outraged earth knows how to draw them4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,on ,,ticket-,,of-,,leave ,,convict3 8,the next time ,i'll wear a ,german helmet and plead #8military necessity4'0 ,libert6 ,libert1 ,chrie6 ,there have been many surprises in this war4 ,the evil surprises1 patiently1 scientifically1 diabolically matured in the dark for the upsetting and downcasting of a too-trusting world by the enemy of mankind1 whose 8,teuton-faith0 will surely for ever outrival that 8,punic-faith0 which has hitherto been the by-word for perfidious treachery4 ,the heartening surprises of gallant little ,belgium and ,serbia2 the renascence of ,russia2 the wonderful upleap to the needs of the times by ,great1 and still more by ,greater ,britain2 and1 not least1 the bracing of the loins of our closest ,allies just across the water4 ,in the very beginning1 when the ,huns tore up that scrap of paper which represented their honour and their right to a place among decent dwellers on the earth1 and came sweeping like a dirty flood over ,belgium and ,northern ,france1 the overpowering remembrance of #ahgj still lay heavy on our sorely-tried neighbours4 ,they had not yet quite found themselves4 ,the ,huns had a mighty reputation for invincibility4 ,it seemed impossible to stand against them4 ,there were waverings1 even crumplings4 ,there were said to be treacheries in high places4 ,the black flood swept on4 ,von ,kluck was heading for ,paris1 and seemed like to get there4 ,then suddenly1 miraculously as it seemed1 his course was diverted4 ,he was tossed aside and flung back4 ,and it is good to recall the reason he himself is said to have given for his failure4 8,at ,mons the ,british taught the ,french how to die40 ,that is a great saying and worthy of preservation for all time4 ,whether von ,kluck said it or not does not matter4 ,it represents and immortalises a mighty fact4 ,france was bending under the terrible impact4 ,britain stood and died4 ,france braced her loins and they have been splendidly braced ever since4 ,the ,huns were found to be resistible1 vulnerable1 breakable4 ,the old verve and lan came back with all the old fire1 and along with these1 new depths of grim courage and tenacity1 and1 we are told1 of spirituality1 which may be the making of a new ,france greater than the world has ever known4 ,and that we shall welcome4 ,france1 ,belgium1 ,serbia1 ,russia have suffered in ways we but faintly comprehend on this side of the water4 ,when the ,great ,settling ,day comes1 this new higher spirit of ,france will1 it is to be devoutly hoped1 make for restraint in the universal craving for vengeance1 and prove a weighty factor in the righteous re-adjustment of things and the proper fitting together of the jig-saw map of ,europe4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,libert6 ,,libert1 ,,ch,,rie6 ,i--8,a ,knavish ,piece of ,work0 ,there can be no defence of the spirit of hatred in which the ,germans have1 so fatally for their future1 carried on this amazing mad war of theirs1 in violation of all human instincts of self-respect and self-preservation1 to say nothing of the obligations of religion and morality observed among mankind from the first dawnings of civilisation4 ,the knavery1 the villainy1 and the besotted bestiality of it can never be forgotten1 and must never be forgiven1 and ,louis ,raemaekers1 gifted as he is with the rare dramatic genius that discriminates his ,cartoons1 has but discharged an obvious patriotic duty in publishing them to the world at large1 as true and faithful witnesses to the unspeakable and inexpiable abominations wrought throughout ,belgium and ,french ,flanders by the ,germans--which1 already1 in the course of ,divine retribution1 have involved their own country in material losses it will take from three to four generations to repair2 and their once honoured name in contempt1 and reprobation1 and infamy1 wherefrom it can never be redeemed4 ,nevertheless1 as an ,englishman1 ,i shrink from giving any emphasis there may be in my 8hand and signature0 to these righteously condemnatory and withering cartoons2 and because1 each one of them1 as ,i turn to it1 brings more and more crushingly home to me the transcending sin of ,england--of every individual ,englishman with a vote for ,members of ,parliament--in not having prepared for this war2 a sin that has implicated us in the destruction of the whole rising generation of the flower of our manhood2 and1 before this date1 would have brought us under subjection to ,germany but for the confidence placed by the rank and file of the ,british people and nation in ,lord ,kitchener of ,khartum4 ,now--face to face with enemies--from the ,kaiser downward to his humblest subjects--animated by the highest1 noblest ideals1 but again perverted for a time--as in the case of their ancestors in the ,middle ,ages--by a secular epidemic of 8,panmania10 they are to be faced not with idle reproaches and revilings1 still less with undignified taunts and gibes1 but with close-drawn lips and clenched teeth1 in the determination that1 once having cast ,satan out of them1 he shall be bound down to keep the peace of ,christendom--8for a thousand years40 ,,george ,,birdwood ,illustration3 ,,we',,ll ,,give ,,you ,,the ,,title ,,of ,,mpret ,,of ,,poland ,the new ,governor has had the title of ,mpret given to him1 the same that was given to the ill-starred ,prince of ,wied when made ruler of ,albania in #aiad4 ,,ii--8,sisyphus1--his ,stone0 ,sisyphus1 as the story goes1 was a ,king who widely extended the commerce1 and largely increased the wealth1 of ,corinth1 but by avaricious and fraudful ways2 for the sin whereof he was sentenced after death to the unresting labour of rolling up a hill in ,tartarus1 a huge unhewn block of stone1 which so soon as he gets it to the hill top1 for all his efforts1 rolls down again4 ,in classical representation of the scene he is associated with ,tantalus and ,ixion2 ,tantalus1 who1 presuming too much on his relations with ,zeus1 was after death afflicted with an unquenchable thirst amidst flowing fountains and pellucid lakes--like the lakes of 8,the ,thirst of the ,antelope0 in the marvellous mirages of ,rajputana and ,mesopotamia--that ever elude his anguished approaches2 and with ,ixion1 the meanest and basest of cheats1 and most demoniac of murderers1 whose posthumous punishment was in being stretched1 and broken1 and bound1 in the figure of the svastika1 on a wheel which1 self-moved--like the wheels of the vision of ,ezekiel--whirls for evermore round and round the abyss of the nether world4 ,the moral of these tortures is that we may well and most wisely leave vengeance to 8the high ,gods40 ,they will repay6 ,,george ,,birdwood ,illustration3 ,,sisyphus ,concrete ,foundations ,nothing has damned the ,germans more in the eyes of other nations1 belligerent and neutral alike1 and nothing will have a more subtle and lasting influence on future relations1 than the revelation of stealthy preparation for conquest under a mask of innocent and friendly intercourse4 ,the whole process of 8peaceful penetration10 pursued in a thousand ways with infernal ingenuity and relentless determination1 is an exhibition of systematic treachery such as all the ,macchiavellis have never conceived4 ,germany has revealed herself as a nation of spies and assassins4 ,to take advantage of a neighbour's unsuspecting hospitality1 to enter his house with an air of open friendship1 in order to stab him in the back at a convenient moment1 is an act of the basest treachery1 denounced by all mankind in all ages4 ,no one would be more shocked by it in private life than the ,germans themselves4 ,but when it is undertaken methodically on a national scale under the influence of ,deutschland ber ,alles1 the same conduct becomes ennobled in their eyes1 they throw themselves into it with enthusiasm and lose all sense of honour4 ,such is the moral perversion worked by ,kultur and the ,german theory of the ,state4 ,an inevitable consequence is that in future the movements and proceedings of ,germans in other countries will be watched with intense suspicion1 and if ,governments do not prevent the sort of thing depicted by ,mr4 ,raemaekers the people will see to it themselves4 ,the cartoon is not1 of course1 intended to reflect personally on the owner of ,krupp's works1 who is said to be a gentle-minded and blameless lady4 ,it is her misfortune to be associated by the chance of inheritance with the ,german war machine and one of the underhand methods by which it has pursued its aims4 ,a4 ,,shadwell ,illustration3 ,,on ,,concrete ,,foundations ,,big ,,bertha3 8,what a charming view over ,flushing harbour6 ,may ,i build a villa here80 ,pallas ,athene 8,has it come to this80 ,well may the ,goddess ask this question4 ,times are indeed changed since the heroic days4 ,germany has still her great ,greek scholars1 one or two of them among the greatest living1 men who know1 and can feel1 the spirit1 as well as the letter1 of the old ,classics4 ,do they remember to-day what the relation of the ,goddess of ,wisdom was to the ,god of ,war1 in ,homer1 when1 to use the ,latin names which are perhaps more familiar to the general reader than the ,greek1 ,mars 8indulged in lawless rage10 and ,jove sent ,juno and ,minerva to check his 8frightfulness08 8,go6 and the great ,minerva be thine aid2 ,to tame the monster-god ,minerva knows1 ,and oft afflicts his brutal breast with woes40 and how the hero ,diomede1 with ,minerva's aid1 wounded the divine bully and sent him bellowing and whimpering back1 only to hear from his father the just rebuke3-- 8,to me1 perfidious6 this lamenting strain8 ,of lawless force shall lawless ,mars complain8 ,of all the gods who tread the spangled skies1 ,thou most unjust1 most odious in our eyes6 ,inhuman discord is thy dear delight1 ,the waste of slaughter1 and the rage of fight60 ,it is most true4 ,such has ever been ,war for ,war's sake1 and when the ,germans themselves are wounded and beaten1 they complain like ,mars of old of 8lawless force40 ,but ,raemaekers has introduced another touch more ,roman than ,greek1 and reminding us perhaps of ,tacitus rather than of ,homer4 ,who was ,caligula1 and what does his name mean8 8,little ,jackboots10 in his childhood the spoiled child of the camp1 as a man1 and ,csar1 the first of the thoroughly mad1 as well as bad1 ,emperors of ,rome1 the first to claim divine honours in his lifetime1 to pose as an artist and an architect1 an orator and a littrateur1 to have executions carried out under his own eyes1 and while he was at meals2 who made himself a ,god1 and his horse a ,consul4 ,minerva blacking the boots of ,caligula--it is a clever combination6 ,but there is an even worse use of ,pallas1 which ,war and the ,german ,war-lords have made4 ,they have found a new ,pallas of their own1 not the supernal ,goddess of ,heavenly ,wisdom and ,moderation1 but her infernal counterfeit1 sung of by a famous ,english poet in prophetic lines that come back to us to-day with new force4 ,who loves not ,knowledge1 who shall rail ,against her beauty1 may she mix ,with men and prosper1 who shall fix ,her pillars8 let her work prevail4---- ,yes1 but how do the lines continue8 ,what is she cut from love and faith ,but some wild ,pallas from the brain ,of ,demons1 fiery hot to burst ,all barriers in her onward race ,for power8 ,let her know her place1 ,she is the second1 not the first4 ,knowledge is power1 but1 unrestrained by conscience1 a very awful power4 ,this is the ,pallas whom the 8,demons10 from whose brain she has sprung1 are using for their demoniac purposes4 ,she too might have her portrait painted and they4 ,perhaps ,raemaekers will paint them both before he has done4 ,,herbert ,,warner ,illustration3 ,,pallas ,,athene3 8,has it come to this80 ,the ,wonders of ,culture ,of all forms of 8,kultur0 or 8frightfulness0 that which materialises in 8the terror which flieth by night0 is to the intelligent mind at one and the same time the most insensate and damnable4 ,it fails to accomplish1 either in ,paris or in ,london1 the subjugation by terror of the people for which ,germans seem to hope4 ,it is only in ,german imagination that it accomplishes 8material and satisfactory damage to forts1 camps1 arsenals1 and fortified towns40 ,in reality it inflicts misery and death upon a mere handful of people 7horrible as that may be7 and destroys chiefly the homes of the poor4 ,it serves no military end1 and the damage done is out of all proportion to the expenditure of energy and material used to accomplish it4 ,the fine cartoon which ,raemaekers has drawn to bring home to the imagination what this form of 8,kultur0 stands for makes it easy for us in ,london to sympathise with our brothers and sisters in ,paris4 ,we have as yet been spared daylight raids in the ,metropolitan area1 and so we needed this cartoon to enable us to realise fully what 8,kultur0 by indiscriminate ,zeppelin bombs means4 ,who cannot see the cruel drama played out in that ,paris street8 ,the artist has assembled for us in a few living figures all the actors4 ,the dead woman2 the orphaned child1 as yet scarcely realising her loss2 the bereaved workman1 calling down the vengeance of ,heaven upon the murderers from the air2 the stern faces of the sergents de ville1 evidently feeling keenly their impotence to protect2 and in the background other sergents1 the lines of whose bent backs convey in a marvellous manner and with a touch of real genius the impression of tender solicitude for the injured they are tending4 ,and faintly indicated1 further still in the background1 the crowd that differs little1 whether it be ,french or ,english1 in its deeper emotions4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,the ,,wonders ,,of ,,culture 8,folk ,who ,do ,not ,understand ,them0 ,how often have ,i been asked by sorrow-stricken mothers and wives3 8,why does not ,providence intervene either to stop1 this war1 or at least to check its cruelties and horrors80 ,if for many amongst us not yet bereaved this ,european massacre is a puzzle1 it should not cause us dismay or surprise if the widow or son-bereaved mother lifts up her hands exclaiming3 8,why did not ,god save him8 ,why did ,he let him be shot down by those ,huns80 ,truth to tell1 ,god has1 so to speak1 tied up ,his own hands in setting ours free4 ,when ,he placed the human race upon the surface of this planet ,he dowered them with freedom1 giving to each man self-determining force1 by the exercise of which he was to become better than a man or worse than a beast4 ,good and evil1 like wheat and cockle1 grow together in the same field4 ,the winnowing is at harvest-time1 not before4 ,meanwhile1 we ourselves have lived to see the fairest portions of this fair creation of ,god changed from a garden into a desert--pillaged1 ravaged1 and brought to utter ruin by shot and shell1 sword and fire4 ,when ,i have said this1 ,i have but uttered a foreword to the hideous story1 spoken the prologue only of the 8frightful0 tragedy4 ,we are all familiar with at least some of the revolting facts and details with which the ,german soldiery has been found charged and convicted by ,commissions appointed to investigate the crimes and atrocities adduced against them4 ,the verdicts of ,french1 ,belgian1 and ,english tribunals are unanimous4 ,they all agree that ,germany has been caught red-handed in her work of dyeing the map of ,europe red with innocent blood4 ,when you bend your eyes to the pathetic cartoon standing opposite this letterpress1 is there not brought home to you in a way1 touching even to tears1 the 8frightful0 consequences of the misuse of human powers1 more especially of the attribute of freedom8 ,if ,germany had chosen to use1 instead of brute force1 moral force1 what a great1 grand1 and glorious mission might have been hers to-day4 ,if1 instead of trying the impossible task of dominating the whole world with her iron hand upon its throat and her iron heel upon its foot1 she had been satisfied with the portion of the map already belonging to her1 and had not by processes of bureaucratic tyranny driven away millions of her subjects who preferred liberty to slavery1 ,america to ,germany1 by this date she might have consolidated an ,empire second in the world to none but one4 ,alas6 in her over-reaching arrogance she has1 on the contrary1 set out to de-,christianise1 de-civilise1 and even de-humanise the race for which ,christ lived and died4 ,our high mission it is to try to save her from herself4 ,already ,i can read written in letters of blood carved into the gravestone of her corrupted greatness1 8,ill-weaved ambition1 ,how much art thou shrunk60 ,,bernard ,,vaughan ,illustration3 ,,les ,,beaut,s ,,de ,,la ,,guerre ,folk who do not understand them4 ,on the ,way to ,calais ,they are coming1 like a tempest1 in their endless ranks of grey1 ,while the world throws up a cloud of dust upon their awful way2 ,they're the glorious cannon fodder of the mighty ,fatherland1 ,born to make the kingdoms tremble and the nations understand4 ,tramp6 ,tramp6 ,tramp6 the cannon fodder come ,along their way to ,calais2 7,god help the hearth and home47 ,they'll do his will who taught them1 on the earth and on the waves1 ,till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves4 ,the garrison and barrack and the fortress give them vent2 ,they sweep1 a herd of winter wolves1 upon the flying scent2 ,for all their deeds of horror they are told that death atones1 ,and their master's harvest cannot spring till he has sowed their bones4 ,into beasts of prey he's turned them2 when they show their teeth and growl ,the lash is buried in their cheeks2 they're slaughtered if they howl2 ,to their bloody ,lord of ,battles must they only bend the knee1 ,for hard as steel and fierce as hell should cannon fodder be4 ,scourge and curses are their portion1 pain and hunger without end1 ,till they hail the yell of shrapnel as the welcome of a friend2 ,they drink and burn and rape and laugh to hear the women cry1 ,and do the devil's work to-day1 but on the morrow die4 ,drift6 ,drift6 ,drift6 the cannon fodder go ,upon their way to ,calais1 7,god feed the carrion crow47 ,they've done his will who taught them that the ,germans shall be slaves1 ,till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,the ,,yser 8,we are on our way to ,calais40 ,von ,bethmann-,hollweg and ,truth 8,incorrupta ,fides1 nudaque ,veritas40 ,,horace4 8,good ,faith unstained1 and ,truth all-unadorned40 ,nuda ,veritas3 it was ,horace who in a famous ,ode first presented the figure of ,truth thus4 ,and whom did he make her companions and sisters8 ,they were three1 and their names were 8,modesty10 8,fair ,dealing10 and 8,good ,faith40 ,the four sisters do indeed go together in a quadruple alliance and entente1 and when one is flouted or estranged1 the others are alienated and become enemies too4 ,the ,germans were believed to be--some few still believe them to be--a 8truth-loving nation40 ,they had a passion1 we were told1 for truth1 for accuracy1 for scientific exactness4 ,theirs might be a blunt and brutal frankness1 but they were at least downright and truthful4 ,well1 they first flouted ,modesty--they bragged and blustered1 bluffed and 8bounded40 ,they could not keep it up4 ,they had to act4 ,fair ,dealing went by the board4 ,then ,good ,faith became impossible1 for1 as this very von ,bethmann-,hollweg declared1 8,necessity knew no law40 ,now they have forsaken ,truth4 ,they must deceive their own people4 ,the 8lie0 has entered into their soul4 ,never was so systematic a use made of falsehoods small and great4 ,but ,truth expelled is not powerless4 ,naked1 she is still not weaponless4 ,she has her little 8periscope10 her magic mirror1 which shows the liar himself1 as well as the world1 what he is like4 ,and she has another weapon1 as those who know their 8,paradise ,lost0 will remember3 8,bright ,ithuriel's lance ,truth kindling truth where'er it glance40 ,it is not shown here1 for it is invisible1 but none the less potent4 ,with it ,truth can indeed 8shame the devil40 ,she not only shows what the liar is like outside1 but reveals his inner hideousness1 and actual shape1 for all to see4 ,there are many sayings about ,truth1 and they are all awkward for the liar4 8,truth will out10 said a witty ,english judge1 8even in an affidavit40 ,it will out1 even in a ,german ,chancellor's dmenti4 ,the most famous is 8,magna est veritas et prvalet0 8,great is ,truth and she prevails10 in the end4 ,yes1 8,she is on the path1 and nothing will stop her40 ,she started on the hills of the little but free republic of ,switzerland2 she is slowly traversing the plains of the vast free republic of ,america4 ,her last contest will be over the ,germans themselves4 ,,herbert ,,warren ,illustration3 ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg ,,and ,,truth 8,truth is on the path and nothing will stay her40 ,van ,tromp and ,de ,ruyter ,a generation ago a little clique of wise men at ,oxford patted themselves on the back for having discovered 8,the ,historical ,method40 ,but the common people of all countries have always known it4 ,the names of the great dead are not forgotten1 nor yet the great things for which they stood4 ,there may be no strict liturgy for the ancestor worship of the ,west1 but that worship is a simple fact1 and it is a thing that timorous politicians would do well to remember4 ,here ,raemaekers appeals to his countrymen to regard their past1 to be worthy of the great seamen who took the ,dutch ,fleet up the ,medway1 and lashed brooms to the mast-head of the ships that swept the sea clear of ,british enemies4 ,the ,dutch were fighting for their liberty then4 ,great ,britain is fighting for liberty in ,europe to-day--and for ,dutch liberty to boot4 ,the enemy of all liberty uses ,holland as a short cut whereby her pirates of the air can get more quickly to their murder work in ,england4 ,would the hero ancestors1 of whom the ,dutch so boast1 have tolerated this indignity8 ,the artist seer supplies the answer4 ,note the mixture of the ghostly and the real in this vivid and vivacious drawing4 ,but if it is easy to see through the faint outlines of the sailor spirits1 it is easier for these gallant ghosts to see through the unrealities of their descendants' fears and hesitations4 ,the anger of the heroes is plainly too great for words4 ,how compressed the lips6 ,how tense the attitude6 ,the hands gripped in the angriest sort of impatience6 ,mark the subtle mingling of seaman and burgher in the poise and figures4 ,mark particularly van ,tromp's stiffened forefinger on his staff4 ,is the fate of ,l#ai the fruit of our artist's stinging reminder that ,holland once had nobler spirits and braver days8 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,van ,,tromp ,,and ,,de ,,ruyter 8,so long as you permit ,zeppelins to cross our land you surely should cease to boast of our deeds40 ,whenever a ,dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country he calls to mind the names of these heroes4 ,war and ,christ4 ,the deliberate war made by ,prussia in all those areas which she can reach or occupy against the symbols and sacred objects of the ,christian faith is a phenomenon in every way worthy of consideration4 ,it is clearly not a matter of accident4 ,the bombardment at ,rheims ,cathedral1 for example1 can be proved to have been deliberate4 ,it had no military object2 and the subsequent attempts to manufacture a military reason for it only produced a version of the occurrence not only incredible but in flat contradiction to the original admissions of the ,germans themselves4 ,but such episodes as those of ,rheims and ,louvain merely attract the attention of the world because of the celebrity of the outraged shrines4 ,all who are familiar with the facts know that deliberate sacrilege no less than deliberate rape and deliberate murder has everywhere marked the track of the ,german army4 ,the offence has been malignant4 ,that does not1 of course1 mean that it has been irrational2 quite the contrary4 ,one fully admits that ,prussia1 being what she is1 has every cause to hate the ,cross1 and every motive to vent the agonised fury of a lost soul upon things sacred to the ,god she hates4 ,the moral suggested by this cartoon of ,raemaekers' must not be confused with the ridiculous and unhistoric pretence that war itself is essentially unchristian4 ,when ,mr4 ,bernard ,shaw1 if ,i remember right1 drew from the affair of ,rheims the astonishing moral that we cannot have at the same time 8glorious wars and glorious cathedrals10 he might surely have remembered that the age in which ,rheims ,cathedral was built1 whatever else it was1 was not an age of ,pacifism4 ,the insult to ,jesus ,christ is not in the sword 7which in ,his own words ,he came to bring71 but in the profanation of the sword4 ,it is in cruelty1 injustice1 treachery1 unbridled lust1 the worship of unrighteous strength--in fact1 in all that can be summed up in the single word 8,prussia40 ,,cecil ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,war ,,and ,,christ ,barbed ,wire ,save for the spiked helmets1 the gruesome figures in the foreground of this cartoon might have belonged in life to any one of the warring nationalities4 ,it is a noteworthy fact1 however1 that not one of the nations at war has shown so little care for its dead as ,germany1 whose corpses lie and rot on every front on which they are engaged4 ,the world cannot blame ,germany for the introduction of barbed wire as an accessory of war1 though it is well known that ,german wire surpasses any other in sheer devilish ingenuity2 not that it is more effective as an entanglement1 but its barbs are longer1 and are set more closely together1 than in the wire used by other nationalities2 it is1 in short1 more frightful1 and thus is in keeping with the rest of the accessories of the ,german war machine4 ,but this in the cartoon is normal barbed wire1 with its normal burden4 ,one may question whether the ,all-,highest ,war ,lord1 who in the course of his many inspections of the various fronts must have seen sights like this1 is ever troubled by the thought that these1 his men1 lie and hang thus for his pleasure1 that their ghastly fate is a part of his glorious plan4 ,he set out to remake the world1 and here is one of the many results--broken corpses in the waste4 ,part of the plan1 broken corpses in the waste4 ,by the waste and the corpses that he made shall men remember the author and framer of this greatest war4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,barbed ,,wire ,the ,higher ,politics ,there is a significance in this cartoon which ,i believe will appeal much more strongly to the firing line than to ,home4 ,the ,front distrusts politics1 and especially the higher politics4 ,that means the juggling and wire-pulling of the ,chancelleries1 and the ,front has an uneasy conviction that at the subtleties and craftiness and cunning of the diplomatic game we cannot compete with 8,the ,bosche40 ,hard knocks and straight fighting the ,front does understand1 and at that game are cheerfully confident of winning in the long run4 ,it would be bitter news to the fighting men that any peace had been patched up on any terms but those the ,allies soon or late will be in a position to dictate1 to lay down and say flatly1 8,take them and have ,peace2 or leave them and go on getting licked40 ,the ,front doesn't like ,war4 ,no man who has endured the horrors and savagery and 8blood1 mud1 and misery0 of civilised warfare could pretend to like it4 ,no man who has endured the long-drawn misery of manning the waterlogged trenches for days and weeks and months can look forward with anything but apprehension to another winter of war4 ,no man who has attacked across the inferno of the shell-and-bullet-swept 8neutral ground10 or has hung on with tight-clenched teeth to the battered ruins of the forward fire trench under a murderous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets1 a howling tempest of shells1 an earth-shaking tornado of high explosives1 can but long for the day when ,peace will be declared and these horrors will be no more than a past nightmare4 ,but the ,front will 8stick it0 for another winter or several winters1 will go through many bitter attacks and counter-attacks to win the complete victory that will ensure1 and alone will ensure1 lasting peace4 ,we know our limitations and our weaknesses4 ,we admit that1 as the ,american journalist bluntly put it1 we are 8poor starters10 but we know just as surely he was right in completing the phrase1 8but darn good finishers40 ,let the 8higher politicians0 on our side stand down and leave the fighting men to finish the argument4 ,let them keep the ring clear1 and let the ,front fight it out4 ,the ,front doesn't mind 8taking the responsibility10 and it will give 8,kaiser ,bill0 and 8,little ,willie0 all the responsibilities they can handle before the ,great ,game is over4 ,,boyd ,,cable ,illustration3 ,,the ,,higher ,,politics ,,the ,,kaiser3 8,we will propose peace terms2 if they accept them1 we are the gainers2 if they refuse them1 the responsibility will rest with them40 ,the ,loan ,game ,raemaekers is pitiless1 but never oversteps the truth4 ,national ,debts are ever national millstones1 worn around the neck4 ,they are worn unwillingly1 and they are not ornamental2 they are a burden1 and the weight is sometimes crushing4 ,a prospect of that sort seems to be the lot of several of the 8,great ,powers0 of ,europe for the remainder1 and the greater portion1 of the ,twentieth ,century4 ,though ,german 8civilisation0 were more worthy of such a term and its associations as ,kultur ten times over1 would it become any ,potentate and his advisers to impose it on so many countries at such a cost in suffering as all this--and more8 ,but ,kaiser ,wilhelm and his crew of ,state-at-any-price men impose not on other peoples only3 they impose on their own kith and kin4 ,look at these three sad and apprehensive figures playing the ,loan ,game--the first1 the second1 the third ,loan6 ,children1 says the artist1 passing the coin from one hand to another's1 and getting richer at each pass66 ,yes1 children1 the ,german people treated so by a few dominies4 ,state dominies and the ,director 7or dupe67 at ,berlin6 ,no people gains1 every people loses by incurring a ,debt2 but in ,germany1 and to-day6 to incur an indebtedness1 contract a loss1 does not suffice2 the people must not know it4 ,even the children know that coin has not left them richer3 many1 very many ,germans know the ,kultur ,war to be ruinous3 but ,berlin must play the ,game still1 and assume that the tricks and aims cannot be understood6 ,it is lack of regard for other nations carried into ,german ,finance2 and all because the bureaucratic military heart is a stone4 ,the piling up of ,state paper goes on1 but not merrily1 as ,michael goes from ,darlehnkasse to ,reichsbank1 one1 two1 three 7and is about to go the fourth time674 ,this game of processions to the ,kasse does not increase the available wealth within beleaguered ,germany3 and the #ajj-mark ,note has no reference to material wealth securing it4 ,now1 the ,commercial magnates of ,germany realise the crushing fact--,no indemnity possible66 and what of the ,notes which are held8 ,when shades of night fall heavily1 and the ,loan ,game can be played no more1 will the ,german people1 tricked and impoverished1 go to bed supperless and silent8 ,german finance ,,is 8a scrap of paper40 ,w4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,williams ,illustration3 ,,we ,,don',t ,,understand ,,the ,,loan ,,game ,in ,germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one to another are supposed to1 but do not1 get any richer4 ,a ,war of ,rapine ,true1 ,o ,liebknecht1 it is indeed a war of rapine1 engendered1 planned1 and brought about by the nation to which you belong4 ,yet1 foul as is that nation1 its foulness is not greater than your futility1 by which you show up the strength of that which you oppose with as much effect as our own ,snowden and ,casement can claim for their efforts to arrest the work of the ,allies4 ,men who claim ,british birth claim also the quality of loyalty1 as a rule1 and thus there can be little sympathy with such a one as this ,liebknecht1 whom ,raemaekers shows as a little ascetic in the presence of the sombre ,war ,lord4 ,it is part of the plan of ,nature that every country shall breed men like this3 men who are constitutionally opposed to the current of affairs1 ridiculously futile1 blatantly noisy1 the type of which extreme ,socialists and ,syndicalists are made4 ,possessed of a certain obstinacy which is almost akin to courage1 they accomplish nothing1 save to remain in the public eye4 ,such is ,liebknecht1 apostle of a creed that would save the world by the gospel of mediocrity1 were human nature other than it is4 ,but1 in considering this ,liebknecht1 let us not forget that he has no more love for ,england1 or for any of the ,allies1 than the giant whom he attempts so vainly to oppose2 he is an apostle1 not of peace1 but of mere obstruction1 perhaps well-meaning in his way1 but as futile as the ,crown ,prince1 and as ludicrous4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,luther ,,liebknecht ,,in ,,the ,,reichstag 8,it is a war of rapine6 ,on that ,i take my stand4 ,i cannot do otherwise40 ,liebknecht was the one member who protested against the war4 ,the ,dutch ,junkers ,some of these drawings remind us that the great cartoonist's message was primarily delivered to his own countrymen4 ,they explain why he was accused1 but not convicted1 of endangering the neutrality of the ,netherlands4 ,he presents the ,german monster as a menace to all freedom1 and not least to the freedom of the ,dutch people4 ,germany's allies have sold theirs2 they are harnessed to the ,prussian war chariot1 and must drag it whither the driver bids them1 whip in hand4 ,the nations in arms against ,germany are fighting for their own and each other's freedom2 and the neutrals stand looking anxiously on4 ,raemaekers warns them that their freedom too is at stake4 ,he sees that it will disappear if the ,allies fail in the struggle1 and he shows his countrymen what they may expect4 ,in every country there are some ignoble souls who would rather embrace servitude than fight for freedom4 ,they have a conscientious objection to--danger4 ,how far the ,dutch ,junkers deserve ,raemaekers' satire it is not for foreigners to judge4 ,but we know the type he depicts--the sporting 8nuts10 with their careful get-up1 effeminate paraphernalia and vacuous countenances4 ,so long as they can wear a sporting costume and carry a gun they are prepared to take a menial place under a ,prussian over-lord and submit with a feeble fatalism to the loss of national independence4 ,it is light satire in keeping with the subject1 and it provides a relief to the sombre tragedy which is the artist's prevailing mood4 ,a4 ,,shadwell ,illustration3 ,,the ,,dutch ,,junkers 8,at least we shall get posts as gamekeepers when ,germany takes us after the war40 ,the ,war-makers ,who are the ,makers of ,wars8 ,the ,kings of the ,earth4 ,and who are these ,kings of the ,earth8 ,only men--not always even men of worth1 ,but claiming rule by right of birth4 ,and ,wisdom8--does that come by birth8 ,nay then--too often the reverse4 ,wise father oft has son perverse1 ,solomon's son was ,israel's curse4 ,why suffer things to reason so averse8 ,it always has been so1 ,and only now does knowledge grow ,to that high point where all men know-- ,who would be free must strike the blow4 ,and how long will man suffer so8 ,until his soul of ,freedom sings1 ,and1 strengthened by his sufferings1 ,he breaks the worn-out leading-strings1 ,and calls to stricter reckonings ,those costliest things--unworthy ,kings4 ,here you have them6--,pilloried for all time6 ,and what a crew6 ,these pitiful self-seekers and their dupes6 ,not the least amazing phenomenon of these most amazing times is the fact that millions of men should consent to be hurled to certain death1 and to permit the ruin of their countries1 to satisfy the insensate ambitions of rulers1 who1 when all is said and done1 are but men1 and in some cases even of alien birth and personally not specially beloved by them4 ,surely one outcome of this world-war will be the birth of a new determination in every nation that its own voice and its own will shall control its own destinies--that no one man or self-appointed clique shall swing it to ruin for his or their own selfish purposes4 ,who pays the piper must in future call the tune4 8,the world has suffered much too long4 ,o wonder of the ages-- ,o marvel of all time-- ,this wonderful great patience of the peoples6 ,how long1 ,o ,lord1 how long80 ,the answer cannot come too soon for the good of the world4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,vox ,,populi ,,suprema ,,lex ,,the ,,kaiser3 8,don't bother about your people1 ,tino4 ,people only have to applaud what we say40 ,the ,christmas of ,kultur1 ,a4,d4 #aiae ,mary1 worn with grief and fear1 covers her emaciated face with scarred hands1 as she kneels in prayer before the infant ,jesus4 ,joseph1 grown old and feeble1 nails up a barricade of planks to strengthen the door against the missiles of ,kultur already bursting through it and threatening the sleeping child4 ,so in that first ,christmas1 nineteen centuries ago1 he saved ,mary's child from the baby-massacre ordered by ,herod to preserve his own throne4 ,kultur1 the gathered wisdom of the ages1 has brought us back to the same ,holy ,war4 ,what a ,christmas6 ,what a ,festival of ,peace and goodwill towards men6 ,people ask3 ,why does ,god allow it8 ,is ,god dead8 ,foolish questions4 ,when ,i was at school ,i had the good fortune to be under a great teacher whose name is honoured to-day4 ,he used to tell us that the most terrible verse in the ,bible was3 8,so ,he gave them up unto their own hearts' lust and they walked in their own counsels0 7,ps4 lxxxi1 #ac74 ,man has the knowledge of good and evil2 he has eaten of the tree and insists on going his own way4 ,he knows best4 ,is not this the age of science and ,kultur8 ,we must not cry out if the road we have chosen leads to disaster4 ,yet still the ,child of ,christmas lives and a divine light shines round ,his head4 ,he sleeps4 ,a4 ,,shadwell ,illustration3 ,,christmas ,,eve ,,joseph3 8,the ,holy ,war is at the door60 ,serbia ,genius has set forth the most brutal characteristic of the ,hun4 ,in moments of triumph1 invariably he is the bully1 and1 as invariably1 he wallows in brutality--witness ,belgium under his iron heel and1 in this cartoon1 stricken ,serbia impotent to ward off the blow about to be dealt by a monstrous fist4 ,that is the ,teuton conception of ,war1 ,merry ,war 7,lustige ,krieg76 ,in the ,english prize-ring we have an axiom indelibly impressed upon novices--8,follow up one stout blow with another--quick60 ,that1 also1 is the consummate art of war4 ,but when a man is knocked out we don't savage him as he lies senseless at our feet4 ,the ,hun does4 ,his axiom is--8,as you are strong1 be merciless60 ,in the small pig-eyes1 in the gross1 sensual lips1 the mandril-like jaw1 the misshapen ear1 ,i see not merely a lifelike portrait of a ,hun1 but a composite photograph of all ,huns1 something which should hang in every house in the kingdom until the terms of such a peace have been imposed which will make the shambles in ,belgium1 ,poland1 and ,serbia an eternal nightmare of the past1 never to be repeated in the future4 ,and over the anmic hearts of the ,trevelyans1 the ,ramsay ,mac,donalds1 the ,arthur ,ponsonbys1 who dare to prattle of a peace that shall not humiliate ,germany1 ,i would have this cartoon tattooed1 not in indigo1 but in vermilion4 ,if ,ulysses ,grant exacted from the gallant ,robert ,lee 8,unconditional ,surrender10 and if our generation approves--as it does--that grim ultimatum1 what will be the verdict of posterity should we as a nation--we who have been spared the unspeakable horrors under which other less isolated countries have been 8bled white0--descend to the infamy of a compromise between the ,powers of ,darkness and ,light8 ,the ,huns respect ,force1 and nothing else4 ,mercy provokes contempt and laughter4 ,i hold no brief for reprisals upon helpless women and children2 ,i am not an advocate of what is called the 8commercial extermination of ,germany02 but it is my sincerest conviction that criminals must be punished4 ,the ,most ,highest ,war ,lord and his people1 not excluding the little children who held high holiday when the ,lusitania was torpedoed1 are--,,criminals4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,,serbia ,the ,last of the ,race ,raemaekers1 the master of an infinite variety of moods and touch1 reserves a special category of scorn for von ,tirpitz4 ,savage cruelty in war1 the wanton destruction of life and property1 the whole gospel of frightfulness--these things have been abandoned 7so the historians tell us71 not because savagery was bad morals1 but because it was the worst way of making war4 ,it was wiser to take the enemy's property and put it to your own use than to destroy it4 ,if it was plundered it was wasted4 ,it was wiser to spare men1 women1 and children1 so that they should be better subjects if they remained conquered1 less irreconcilable enemies1 if they were restored to their old allegiance4 ,besides1 murder1 plunder1 and rapine demoralised your men4 ,they made them less efficient troops for fighting4 ,doubtless the argument is sound4 ,but it would never have been accepted had not the horrors of savagery been utterly loathsome and repulsive to the nations that abandoned them4 ,conventions in the direction of humanity are not1 then1 artificial restrictions in the use of force4 ,they are natural restrictions1 because all ,christian and civilised people would far rather observe them than not4 ,germany has revelled in abandoning every restraint4 ,raemaekers shows the cruelty1 the wickedness of this in scores of his drawings4 ,here it is its folly that he emphasises4 ,the submarine is no longer a death-dealing terror4 ,it has become a blubbering fish4 ,and the author of its crimes is no diabolical triton1 but a semi-imbecile old dotard1 round whom his evil--but terrified--brood have clustered2 they fawning on him in terror1 he fondling them in shaky1 decrepit fondness4 ,note the flaccid paunch1 the withered top1 and the foolish1 hysterical face4 ,how the full-dress cocked hat shames his nakedness6 ,and this1 remember1 is the ,german ,high ,admiral as history will know him1 when the futility of his crimes is proved1 their evil put out of memory1 and only their foolishness remains6 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,the ,,last ,,of ,,the ,,race ,,von ,,tirpitz3 8,no1 my dears1 ,i'm not sending any more of you to those wicked ,english2 the survivors shall go to the ,zoo40 ,the ,curriculum ,the nations are being educated amain1 let us hope4 ,germany has prided herself on her education1 her learning1 and on her ,kultur4 ,to-day she is beyond the calculation of all that foresight which has been her boast1 and foible4 ,human nature1 other than ,german1 has not been on the national curriculum1 and1 as in other departments of study1 what has not been reduced to rule and line is beyond the ken and apprehension4 ,how stupendously wrong a ,power which could count1 and into a ,european ,war6 on insurrection in ,india1 the ,cape1 and other parts of the ,british ,empire6 and how naively did ,herr von ,bethmann-,hollweg disclose the ,zeitgeist of ,german rulers when with passion he declared ,britain to be going to war for 8a scrap of paper06 ,a purpose to serve1 a treaty becomes 8a scrap0--in ,german courtly hands4 ,the artist depicts a scene1 with masterly pencil1 where von ,bethmann-,hollweg himself is charged by the ,all-,highest to be schoolmaster4 ,it is a grim department of the training4 ,think of the unseen as well as that shown4 ,what you do see is the lordly1 truculent ,kaiser1 raising that menacing finger again4 ,in spacious chair1 he sits defiant1 aggressive1 as a ferocious captain2 and there opposite is the 8great ,chancellor10 bent1 submissive1 apprehensive1 tablet and pencil ready to take down the very word of ,kaiserly wisdom and will4 ,what is it8 ,the day's fare for a week6 reaching a climax of 8,no dinner0 on ,saturday1 and 8,hate0 on ,sunday6 ,educative6 of course it will be4 ,some day1 not so far1 even the ,german people will not regard the orders of the ,army and ,navy ,staff1 the cruel mercies of the ,junkers1 as a revelation of ,heaven's will4 ,three pounds of sugar for a family's monthly supply will educate1 even when the gospel of force has been preached for fifty years to a docile people4 ,many of us are in 8a strait betwixt two0 as we see how thousands of inoffensive old men1 women1 and children are made to suffer1 are placed by the ,all-,highest in this ,copper and ,hate ,school4 ,it is not this1 that1 and the other that causes this1 but the ,director of the ,school1 who does not1 while the miserable scholars do1 know what it is to endure 8,no dinner10 not only on ,saturdays1 but many other days4 ,and all to gratify the mad projectors imposing ,kultur on an unwilling world6 ,w4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,williams ,illustration3 ,,the ,,new ,,school ,,curriculum ,,william3 8,write it down1 schoolmaster--,monday shall be ,copper ,day2 ,tuesday1 ,potato ,day2 ,wednesday1 ,leather ,day2 ,thursday1 ,gold ,day2 ,friday1 ,rubber ,day2 ,saturday1 ,no ,dinner ,day2 and ,sunday1 ,hate ,day60 ,the ,dutch ,journalist to his ,belgian ,confrre ,whether the type here taken is a true criticism of a commercial attitude in a neutral ,state like ,holland1 it does not become us to discuss4 ,raemaekers is a ,dutchman1 and doubtless a patriotic ,dutchman4 ,and the patriot1 and the patriot alone1 has not only the right but the duty of criticising his own country4 ,for us it is better to regard the figure as an international1 and often anti-national1 character who exists in all nations1 and who1 even in a belligerent country like our own1 can often contrive to be neutral and worse than neutral4 ,a prosperous bully with the white waistcoat and coarse1 heavily cuffed hands1 with which such prosperity very frequently clothes itself1 is represented as thrusting food in the starved face of an evicted ,belgian and saying3 8,eat and hold your tongue40 ,the situation is worthy of such record1 if only because it emphasises an element in the general ,german plot against the world which is often forgotten in phrases about fire and sword4 ,the ,prussianised person is not only a military tyrant2 he is equally and more often a mercantile tyrant4 ,and what is in this respect true of the ,german is as true or truer of the ,pro-,german4 ,the cosmopolitan agent of ,prussia is a commercial agent1 and works by those modern methods of bribing and sacking1 of boycott and blackmail1 which are not only meaner1 but often more cruel1 than militarism4 ,for anyone who realises the power of such international combinations1 there is the more credit due to the artists and men of letters who1 like ,raemaekers himself1 have decisively chosen their side while the issue was very doubtful4 ,and among the ,belgian confrres there must certainly have been many who showed as much courage as any soldier1 when they decided not to eat and be silent1 but to starve and to speak4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,the ,,dutch ,,journalist ,,to ,,his ,,belgian ,,confr,,re3 8,eat and hold your tongue40 ,a ,bored ,critic ,from ,homeric warfare to subterranean conflict of modern trenches is a far cry1 and ,ares1 ,god of ,battles1 may well yawn at the entertainment with which the ,demon of ,war is providing him4 ,but the spectator of this grim 8revue0 lacks something of the patience of its creator1 and our ,mephistopheles1 marking the god's protest1 will doubtless hurry the scene and diversify it with new devilries to restore his interest4 ,indeed1 that has happened since ,raemaekers made his picture4 ,the etiquette of butchery has become more complicated since ,troy fell1 yet it has been so far preserved till now that the fiend measures ,ares with his eyes and speculates as to how far the martial god may be expected to tolerate his novel engines4 ,will asphyxiating gas1 and destruction of non-combatants and neutrals on land and sea1 trouble him8 ,or will he demand the rules of the game1 and decline to applaud this satire on civilisation1 although mounted and produced regardless of cost and reckoning8 ,as the devil's own entertainment consists in watching the effects of his masterpiece on this warlike spectator1 so it may be that those who 8staged0 the greatest war in mankind's history derive some bitter instruction from its reception by mankind4 ,they know now that it is condemned by every civilised nation on earth2 and before these lines are published their uncivilised catspaws will have ample reason to condemn it also4 ,neutrals there must be1 but impartials none4 ,the sense and spirit of the thinking world now go so far with human reason that they demand a condition of freedom for all men and nations1 be they weak or powerful4 ,that ideal inspires the majority of human kind1 and it follows that the evolution of morals sets strongly on the side of the ,allies4 8,war10 says ,bernhardi1 8gives a biologically just decision1 since its decisions rest on the very nature of things40 ,so be it4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 8,i say1 do suggest something new4 ,this is becoming too boring40 8,the ,peace ,woman0 ,in this humorous yet pathetic cartoon--humorous because of its truth to the type1 and pathetic because of the futility of the effort depicted--with unfailing skill the artist shows the folly of the cry 8,peace6 ,peace60 when there is none4 ,in the forefront is a type of woman publicist who can never be happy unless the limelight secured by vocal effort and the advocacy of a 8crazy0 cause is focussed upon her4 ,she calls 8,peace60 that the world may hear1 not attend4 ,behind her stands that other type of detached 8peace woman10 who has1 judging from her placid yet grieved expression1 apparently scarcely realised that the ,war is too serious and has its genesis in causes too deep-rooted to be quelled by her or her kind4 ,one can imagine her saying3 8,a war6 ,how terrible6 ,it must be stopped40 ,the soldier1 who is wise enough to prefer armour-plate even to a shield provided by substantially built peace women clad in white1 looks on amused4 ,the thinking world as a whole so looks on at 8,arks0 launched by ,american millionaire motor manufacturers1 and at ,pacifist ,conferences held whilst the decision as to whether civilisation or savagery shall triumph1 and might be greater than right1 yet hangs in the balance4 ,there must be no thought of peace otherwise than as the ultimate reward of gallant men fighting in a just cause1 and until with it can come permanent security from the 8,iron ,fist0 of ,prussian ,militarism and aggression1 and the precepts of ,bernhardi and his kind are shown to be false4 ,those who talk of peace in the midst of 8frightfulness10 of piracy1 of reckless carnage and colossal sacrifices of human life which are the fruits of an attempt to save by military glory a crapulous dynasty1 however good their intention1 lack both mental and moral perspective4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,the ,,peace ,,woman3 8,we will march in white before our sons40 ,,the ,,neutral ,,soldier3 8,madam1 we would prefer the protection of an armour-plate40 ,the ,self-satisfied ,burgher ,the artist has depicted the ordinary attitude of a self-satisfied burgher not only in ,holland but in other countries also4 8,what does it matter if we are annexed afterwards1 so long as we remain neutral now80 ,that is the sort of speech made by selfish merchants in some of the neutral countries1 especially those of ,scandinavian origin4 ,it is really a variety of the old text3 8,let us eat1 drink1 and be merry2 for to-morrow we die40 ,why not1 it is urged1 make the best of present facilities8 ,as long as we are left alone we can pursue our ordinary industrialism4 ,we can heap up our percentages and profits4 ,our trade is in a fairly flourishing condition1 and we are making money4 ,no one knows what the future may bring2 why1 therefore1 worry about it8 ,besides1 if the worst comes to the worst and ,germany annexes us1 are we quite sure that we shall be in a much worse condition than we are now8 ,it will be to the interest of ,berlin that we should carry on our usual industrial occupations4 ,our present liberty will probably not be interfered with1 and a change of masters does not always mean ruin4 ,so argues the self-satisfied burgher4 ,if life were no more than a mere matter of getting enough to eat and drink and of having a balance at the banker's1 his view of the case might pass muster4 ,but a national life depends on spiritual and ideal interests1 just as a man's life 8consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth40 ,freedom is the only principle of growth1 and freedom is the one thing which ,german militarism desires to make impossible for all those whom she gathers into her fold4 ,the loss of liberty means the ruin of all those ends for which a ,state exists4 ,even the material prosperity which the self-satisfied burgher desires will be definitely sacrificed by a submission to ,teutonic autocracy4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney ,illustration3 ,,the ,,self-,,satisfied ,,burgher 8,what does it matter if we're annexed afterwards1 so long as we remain neutral now80 ,the ,decadent ,war is a fiery winnower of incapacities4 ,many reputations have gone to the scrap-heap since ,august1 #aiad4 ,none more surely than that of the braggart ,crown ,prince4 ,it is said that this terrible catastrophe was largely of his bringing about and his great desire and hope4 ,well--he has got his desire1 and more than he expected4 ,he was going to do mighty things--to smash through the frontier and lead the ,german hordes triumphantly through ,france4 ,and what has he done8 ,in the treacherous surprise of the moment he got across the frontier1 and there the weighty ,french fist met the ,imperial optic1 and has since developed many stars in it4 ,he has been held1 wasting men1 time1 opportunity1 and his own little apology for a soul4 ,he has done nothing to justify his position or even his existence4 ,he has wrecked his home-life by wanton indulgence4 ,he has made himself notorious by his private lootings of the chteaux cursed with his presence4 ,even in #ahgj the native cupidity of the far finer breed of conquerors could not resist the spoils of war1 and1 to their eternal disgrace1 trainloads of loot were sent away to decorate ,german homes--as burglars' wives might wear the jewellery acquired by their adventurous menfolk in the course of their nefarious operations4 ,but we never heard of 8,unser ,fritz10 the then ,crown ,prince1 ransacking the mansions he stayed in4 ,he was a great man and a good--the very last ,german gentleman4 ,and this decadent is his grandson6 8,unser ,fritz0 was a very noble-looking man4 ,his grandson--oh1 well1 look at him and judge for yourselves6 ,of a surety the sight is calculated to heighten one's amazement that any nation under the sun1 or craving it1 could find in such a personality1 even as representative of a once great but now exploding idea1 anything whatever even to put up with1 much less to worship and die for4 ,the race of ,hohenzollern has wilted and ravelled out to this4 ,the whole world1 outside ,prussia1 devoutly hopes ere long to have seen the last of it4 ,it has been at all times1 with the single exception above noted1 a hustling1 grabbing1 self-seeking race4 ,may the eyes of ,germany soon be opened6 ,then1 surely1 it will be thrust back into the obscurity whence heaven can only have permitted it to escape for the flagellation of a world which was losing its ideals and needed bracing back with a sharp1 stern twist4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,september1 #aiad1 ,,and ,,september1 #aiae #aiad3 8,now the war begins as we like it40 #aiae3 8,but this is not as ,i wished it to continue40 7,published after the ,french success in ,champagne47 ,liquid ,fire ,when one sits down to think1 there are few things in connection with the devastating ,war now raging1 wild-beast-like1 almost throughout the length and breadth of ,europe1 so appalling as the application of science and man's genius to the work of decimating the human species4 ,early in the conflict1 which is being fought for the basal principles of civilisation and moral human conduct1 one was made to realise that the ,allied ,powers were opposed to an enemy whose resources were only equalled by his utter negation of the rules of civilised warfare4 ,soon1 to the horrors of machine-guns and of high-explosive shells of a calibre and intensity of destructive force never before known1 were added the diabolical engines for pouring over the field of battle asphyxiating gases4 ,we know the horrors of that mode of ,german 8frightfulness10 and some of us have seen its effects in the slowly dying victims in hospitals4 ,but that was not enough4 ,yet other methods of 8frightfulness0 and savagely which would have disgraced the most ruthless conquerors of old1 were to be applied by the ,german ,emperor in his blasphemous 8,gott mit uns0 campaign4 ,and against the gallant sons of ,belgium1 ,france1 ,england1 and ,russia in turn were poured out with bestial ingenuity the jets and curtains of 8liquid fire0 which seared the flesh and blinded the eyes4 ,for this there will be a reckoning if ,god be still in heaven whilst the world trembles with the shock of conflict1 and the souls of men are seared4 ,raemaekers in this cartoon shows not only the horror of such a method of warfare1 but also1 with unerring pencil1 the unwavering spirit of the men who have to meet this 8frightfulness40 ,there is a land to be redeemed1 and women and children to be avenged1 and so the fighting men of the allied nations go gallantly on with their stern1 amazed faces set towards victory4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,liquid ,,fire ,nish and ,paris ,very happily and very graphically has ,raemaekers here pointed the contrast between the ,gargantuan hopes with which the ,kaiser and his ,junker army embarked on the ,war1 and the exiguous and shadowy fruits of their boasted victories up to the present4 ,they foretold a triumphal entry into the conquered capital of ,france within a month of the opening of hostilities4 ,yet the irony of ,fate has1 slowly but surely1 cooled the early fever of anticipation4 ,the only captured town where the ,all-,highest has found an opportunity of lifting his voice in exultant pan is ,nish1 a secondary city of the small kingdom of ,serbia4 ,there1 too1 he perforce delayed his jubilation until the lapse of some eighteen months after the date provisionally and prematurely fixed in the first ebullition of over-confidence1 for his triumphal procession through ,paris4 ,nish is a town of little more than #bj1jjj inhabitants2 about the size of ,taunton or ,hereford--smaller than ,woking or ,dartford4 ,working on a basis of comparative populations1 the ,emperor would have to repeat without more delay his bravery at ,nish in #aej towns of the same size before he could convince his people that he is even now on the point of fulfilling his first rash promises to them of the rapid overthrow of his foes4 ,pursuing the same calculation1 he is bound to multiply his present glories #cej times before he can count securely on spending a night as conquering hero in ,buckingham ,palace4 ,even the ,kaiser must know in his heart that woefully1 from his own and his people's point of view1 did he overestimate his strength at the outset4 ,for the time he contents himself with the backwater of ,nish for the scene of his oratory of conquest4 ,his vainglorious words may well prove in their environment the prelude of a compulsory confession of failure1 which is likely to come at a far briefer interval than the eighteen months which separate the imaginary hope of ,paris from the slender substance of ,nish4 ,,sidney ,,lee ,illustration3 ,,the ,,trials ,,of ,a ,,court ,,painter 8,i commenced this as the entry into ,paris1 but ,i must finish it as the entry into ,nish40 ,the ,fire ,fiend ,among the many inventions which ,german ingenuity and science have devised for the effective conduct of this war1 and for the elevation of ,germany to supremacy in the world1 the most repellent in general estimation has been the use of fire2 but this commends itself with peculiar zest to ,mephistopheles1 who here sits on a chair beside the telephone and calls up the ,prussian ,palace at ,potsdam4 ,he cannot restrain his admiration and delight at this new invention4 ,it is entirely to his heart4 ,he sits with one leg rested on the knee of the other2 and you will notice that the foot of this leg1 with its carefully careless drawing1 suggests a cloven hoof1 while the scanty hair1 by its arrangement1 gives the effect of a pair of horns3 even in this figure1 an ornament of high-class society1 there linger the signs of the half-bestial figure of ,satan4 ,the face is wholly the countenance of the devil1 conceived as the man of society1 who has moved amid the luxury of the most fashionable circles1 where his wit and cynicism have made him popular4 ,all his surroundings are suited to his character4 ,the chair on which he sits has goat's feet1 and its back is the bearded head of a goat4 ,the very telephone has something about it subtly suggestive of the devil4 ,a gorgeously attired flunkey who stands behind the chair does not attempt to conceal his delight at the joke2 for he is not the conventional ,english serving man1 who betrays no appreciation of what is said by his master4 ,he is in perfect sympathy with the devil1 for he is himself a devil4 ,the nature of the devil is expressed more completely in the footman than in the master4 ,his legs are the legs of a goat1 and his feet are its cloven hoofs2 and1 whereas on the master's head the idea of horns is suggested only by the arrangement of the hair1 horns openly protrude from the bald skull of the serving-man4 ,there is no veneer of fashion and intellect and wit here3 the hateful animalism of the face is in keeping with the animal limbs4 ,from these surroundings comes the message to ,potsdam4 ,the ,prussian monarchs have always been given to the outward forms of religion in their messages4 ,for every success which they have announced to their people they have professed their appreciation of the good conduct of that ,german ,god whom alone they recognise4 ,but ,mephistopheles has been struck with one omission in the series of messages from the ,kaiser at the front announcing the stages of his success4 ,there has been no expression of thanks to the 8dear old ,god0 for the application of fire as an agent of victory1 and he calls up his friend at ,potsdam to twit him with the omission4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,burning ,,fire 8,hullo6 ,potsdam8 ,did you thank your dear old ,god for this new success80 ,the ,german ,oculist ,the position of ,holland as a neutral state is one of increasing difficulty4 ,she has no desire to join in the war on either side2 all she asks for is to be left alone to pursue her own mercantile path and to maintain the rights and privileges of her kingdom4 ,naturally enough1 however1 she feels very uneasy at the close proximity of a power like ,germany1 which has shown how little the independence of nationalities is regarded in her military councils4 ,holland1 it must be remembered1 has the example of ,belgium before her eyes4 ,she knows therefore what it must mean to be overrun by ,hunnish hordes1 and to lose at once the vitality of her national life and the security of her towns4 ,raemaekers' picture graphically depicts the efforts that are being made by ,german agents to convert ,holland's neutrality into an active support of ,berlin4 ,the ,german oculist trying on spectacles persuades his patient that the ,dutch cry 8,oranje ,boven0 is synonymous with 8,deutschland ber ,alles40 ,in the earlier stages of the war it did not interfere with ,german projects that ,holland should remain neutral1 for hers was a useful country through which to import the various supplies of munitions and food which ,germany needed4 ,now1 however1 that the stringency of the ,british blockade has so largely interfered with the transit of goods1 ,germany may discover it to be to her advantage to possess ,holland as an ,ally4 ,hence the zeal of the ,teuton oculist and his insidious attempts to make the ,dutchman see things as ,germany sees them4 ,the fact is1 of course1 that the possession of the ,dutch coast line would add not a little to ,german facilities in her submarine and ,zeppelin attacks4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney ,illustration3 ,,oranje ,,boven ,,german ,,oculist 7trying on spectacles73 8,what do you read now80 ,,dutchman3 8,deutschland ber ,alles40 ,,german ,,oculist3 8,that is right2 that pair exactly suits you40 8,oranje ,boven0 is the ,dutch cry which answers to the ,german 8,deutschland ber ,alles40 ,willy-,nilly ,the question uppermost in most of our minds at the present moment is1 ,i take it1 what are the ,huns thinking8 ,and1 in particular1 what are the ,willies thinking8 ,raemaekers answers the question with his wonderful pencil in this cartoon4 ,we know that the ,huns prepared for and started this war with a bee in their bonnets1 a bee which buzzed about ,xerxes1 ,hannibal1 ,alexander and ,napoleon4 ,the two ,willies were avowedly 8out0 for what they call 8,weltmacht10 or world dominion4 ,bernhardi put it in tabloid form3--8,weltmacht oder niedergang40 ,if one fact shines out conspicuously after these dreadful months of slaughter it is this--that the ,willies will not achieve world dominion4 ,what are their inmost thoughts--now8 ,raemaekers pourtrays the ,all ,highest with snow white hair and a dyed moustache still pointing upwards4 ,the dyed moustache seems to me the keynote of the cartoon--la petite note qui chante4 ,it should be white to match the hair1 and drooping4 ,what an effort to keep a stiff upper lip1 when day after day the ,war ,lord scans the casualty lists1 and realises--as he must--that sooner or later the deluded ,fatherland will know what he knows1 and draw from that knowledge conclusions which he is powerless to modify or avert6 ,they have drunk to 8,der ,tag40 ,and that ,day is about to dawn1 the ,,day which will present them to their own people as discredited rulers and humiliated schemers4 ,the ,ramsay ,macdonalds1 the ,charles ,trevelyans1 the ,arthur ,ponsonbys--et id genus omne--have prattled about the inexpediency of humiliating ,germany4 ,what a waste of foolish words6 ,can the imagination of ,man conceive of any greater humiliation than that which ,destiny1 not the ,allies1 must inflict upon ,hunland8 ,that humiliation1 inevitably1 will come from within1 and prey like a hideous cancer upon the body politic4 ,no publicist1 however prescient1 can measure its ravages1 for they are hidden from our sight4 ,but none can doubt that1 like a cancer1 these ravages will grow and spread till the world gapes aghast at them4 ,whatever punishment we may be able to inflict upon these ,baby-,killers and ,pirates will be as nothing compared with the humiliation which1 pede claudo1 dogs the steps of failure and bankruptcy4 ,in this cartoon1 the younger of the two ,weary ,willies is fitly habited in sable4 ,he is in deepest mourning for the last of his dynasty--,,himself4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,,the ,,crown ,,prince3 8,isn't it an enjoyable war80 ,,william3 8,perhaps1 but hardly as much so as ,i anticipated40 ,the ,shirkers ,current experience is proving that war is a grim condition of life1 and that none can escape its effects4 ,no religious or philosophic precept is potent enough in practical application to prevent its outbreak or to stay its course4 ,the strong man of military age1 who claims the right to pursue normal peaceful avocations when his country is at war1 pleads guilty1 however involuntarily1 to aberrations of both mind and heart4 ,there are few who do not conscientiously cherish repugnance for war1 but practically none of those to whom so natural a sentiment makes most forcible appeal deem it a man's part to refuse a manifest personal call of natural duty4 ,the conscientious objector to combatant service may in certain rare cases deserve considerate treatment1 but very short shrift should await the able-bodied men who1 from love of ease or fear of danger1 simulate conscientious objection in order to evade a righteous obligation4 ,lack of imagination may be at times as responsible for the sin of the shirker as lack of courage4 ,patriotism is an instinct which works as sluggishly among the unimaginative as among the cowardly and the selfish4 ,the only cure for the sluggish working of the patriotic instinct among the cowardly and the selfish is the sharp stimulus of condign punishment4 ,but among the unimaginative it may be worth experimenting by way of preliminary with earnest and urgent appeals to example such as is offered not only by current experience1 but also by literature and history4 ,no shirkers would be left if every subject of the ,crown were taught to apprehend the significance of ,henley's interrogation3 ,what have ,i done for you1 ,england1 my ,england8 ,what is there ,i would not do1 ,england1 my own8 ,,sidney ,,lee ,illustration3 ,,the ,,shirkers ,lager ,beer for ,tripoli ,it is interesting to consider how absolute has been the rupture of ,germany's oath1 as taken on her subscription to the ,hague ,convention4 ,in the light of the violation of the neutrality of ,belgium--that colossal infamy1 destined to rank for all time as the greatest and vilest betrayal to which a civilised nation has ever sunk--the rest1 considered singly1 may seem lesser offences4 ,yet the violation of the neutrality of ,luxemberg2 the violation of the ,french frontier before declaration of ,war2 the violation of the ,geneva ,convention2 the slaughter of prisoners and wounded2 the rape and arson1 loot and murder2 the use of forbidden bullets and forbidden asphyxiating gas2 the bombardment of unfortified towns2 the treachery and needless cruelty inflicted against civil populations2 the crimes on the high seas--all tower together into such a massive indictment as no nation has yet been driven by her tyrants to endure4 ,but beyond this1 the warfare1 as carried on by ,germany's creatures in all lands1 alone amounts to a wide infraction of the promise that ,count ,mnster signed at the ,hague for the ,german ,empire in #ahii4 8,treacherous methods of warfare0 were then abjured by a people which has sunk to such depths of treachery that ,judas1 ,brutus1 ,cassius1 in the threefold jaws of ,dis1 might protest at their intrusion4 ,the ,french arms for ,tripoli were a typical trifle2 they sink into subject for laughter before the understanding between ,france and ,italy and the knowledge of what ,germany has done since that incident4 ,and now1 in the hour of need1 we learn that ,teutonic inspiration has taken another hint from ,frederick the ,great4 ,forged ,english paper money begins to circulate in the ,fatherland4 ,to this they have come2 and since ,english ,treasury notes do not go to ,germany1 and we are told that all leaving this country return swiftly to it1 let us trust that any presentation of the forged paper in ,london may win the attention it deserves4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,lager ,,beer ,,for ,,tripoli ,french rifles were seized at ,genoa in beer casks4 ,these had been consigned by ,germans to ,tripolitan insurgents1 it being hoped that their discovery might lead to trouble between ,france and ,italy4 ,the ,german ,anti-,bellicist ,after wading through the oceans of casuistry by which ,german 8,professors0 and others have sought to exonerate ,germany for the violation of ,belgian neutrality and for the appalling crimes of ,louvain1 ,vis1 and the 8,lusitania10 one is no nearer comprehending that 8attitude of mind0 which is exemplified by the question of the ,german ,anti-,bellicist1 and of the ,german apostles of 8,kultur0 in general4 ,it is not sheer muddleheadedness1 but has been brought about by a calculated1 immoral perversion of intellect4 ,it is an attitude of mind that is lost to a sense of humour--the absence of which indeed is a ,german national characteristic4 ,and there is nothing more deadening as regards the finer subtleties of life and conscience4 8,the saving grace of humour0 is a phrase containing a crystallisation1 of an idea of far greater moment than appears on the surface4 ,what thousands of ,german so-called 8,anti-,bellicists0 are saying and will continue to say is1 as ,raemaekers' cartoon suggests1 8,we think we hate ,war1 but we know we covet our neighbour's vineyard1 and having seized it mean to keep it if we can40 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,the ,,german ,,anti-,,bellicist 8,if you insist upon ,belgium being evacuated by ,germany1 what is the good of my being a member of the ,anti-,war ,council80 ,one of the ,kaiser's ,many ,mistakes ,louis ,botha--we touch our hats to you6 ,you are supremely and triumphantly one of the ,kaiser's many mistakes4 ,you have proved yourself once again a capable leader and a man among men4 ,you have proved him once more incapable of apprehending the meaning of the word honour4 ,you are an honourable man4 ,even as a foe you fought us fair and we honoured you4 ,you have valiantly helped to dig the grave of his dishonour and have proved him a fool4 ,we thank you6 ,and we thank the memory of the clear-visioned men of those old days who1 in spite of the clamour of the bats1 persisted in tendering you and yours that right hand of friendship which you have so nobly justified4 ,you fought us fair4 ,you have uprisen from the ashes of the past like the ,phnix of old4 ,you are ,briton with the best4 ,fair fight breeds no ill-will4 ,it is the man1 and the nation1 that fights foul and flings ,god and humanity overboard that lays up for itself stores of hatred and outcastry and scorn which the ages shall hardly efface4 ,and ,germany once was great1 and might have been greater4 ,delenda est ,germania6--so far as ,germania represents the ,devil and all his works4 ,the following lines were written fourteen years ago when we welcomed the end of the ,boer ,war4 ,we are all grateful that the hope therein expressed has been so amply fulfilled4 ,that it has been so is largely due to the wisdom and statesmanship of ,louis ,botha4 ,no matter now the rights and wrongs of it2 ,you fought us bravely and we fought you fair4 ,the fight is done4 ,grip hands6 ,no malice bear6 ,we greet you1 brothers1 to the nobler strife ,of building up the newer1 larger life6 ,join hands6 ,join hands6 ,ye nations of the stock6 ,and make henceforth a mighty ,trust for ,peace2-- ,a great enduring peace that shall withstand ,the shocks of time and circumstance2 and every land ,shall rise and bless you--and shall never cease ,to bless you--for that glorious gift of ,peace4 ,germany1 if she had so willed1 could have come into that hoped-for ,trust for ,peace4 ,but ,germany would not4 ,she put her own selfish interests before all else and so digs her own grave4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,botha ,,to ,,britain 8,i have carried out everything in accordance with our compact at ,vereeniging40 ,the ,german ,spy ,ridicule is the rapier which pierces the pachydermatous hide of the ,hun4 ,william of ,potsdam1 portrayed in this cartoon as a ,cook's tourist1 chatters with rage whenever he is laughed at4 ,behold here the ,all ,highest in a composite portrait of ,himself in a few of his favourite 8stunts40 ,mark the hat of the mighty hunter who slays hecatombs of wild boars without running any risk to his august person1 the asker of innumerable and importunate questions 7he expected one of our generals to tell him the official length of our ballet dancers' skirts671 the snapshotter1 the wearer of ,english clothes of sporting cut1 and first1 last1 and all the time--the ,,spy4 ,britons forgive and forget easily1 but we may well wonder whether1 after this war1 high-born ,huns all of them now revealed as spies will be received as of yore by our magnates and lavishly entertained8 ,shall we see immense ,junkers mixing champagne and stout in our clubs8 ,shall we lose our own appetites at the sight of gracious ladies wolfing our best food with all four feet in the trough8 ,i hope not1 but ,i hae ma doots4 ,what rankles in my humble breast is not so much the barbarity of the ,beast1 but the humiliating reflection that we allowed him to prowl amongst us masquerading as a fat sheep1 grazing peacefully in our verdant pastures6 ,i submit that all ,huns1 male and female1 should be sent to ,coventry by the ,allies for at least one decade4 ,it would be fatuous to suppose that any ,hun could change his character during so brief a period1 but 8doing time0 may teach him--as it has taught other criminals--that it pays to be honest4 ,it is not likely that the ,baby ,killers and ,pirates will recognise any principle except expediency4 ,it is a comforting thought1 also1 that the ,hun1 after this war1 will be ill provided with what schoolboys call--8journey-money40 ,in the pleasant land of ,france1 sur les ctes d'azur et mraude1 our ears will not be split by their raucous1 spluttering accents2 our eyes will not be offended by their obese1 ridiculous persons4 ,we shall1 ,i hope1 wander in peace through the ,eternal ,city4 ,i remember a young ,hun at ,wengen who barged into every skater on the rink not adroit enough to avoid him4 ,i do not expect to meet him again4 ,for this alone may the ,lord be praised6 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,,the ,,german ,,spy ,,the ,,spy3 8,military secrets behind8 ,eh80 ,,policeman3 8,much more dangerous things for ,germany--,raemaekers' cartoons40 ,belgium in ,holland ,in the present crisis of ,belgian affairs there is much to remind the historical student of the events which led to the fall of ,antwerp in #aehe1 and the outrageous invasion of the ,southern ,netherlands by the army of ,parma4 ,then1 as now1 ,holland opened her arms to her wounded and captive sister4 ,the best ,flemish scholars and men of letters emigrated to the land where ,cornheert and ,spieghel welcomed them4 ,merchants and artisans flocked to a new sphere of energy in ,amsterdam4 ,several of the professorial chairs in that city1 and in the great universities of ,leyden and ,harderwijk1 were filled by learned ,flemings1 and the arts1 that had long been flourishing in ,brussels1 fled northward to escape from the desolating ,spanish scourge4 ,the grim pencil of ,raemaekers becomes tender whenever he touches upon the relation of the tortured ,belgium to her sister1 ,holland1 his own beloved fatherland4 ,we do not know yet1 in this country1 a tithe of the sacrifices which have been made in ,holland to staunch the tears of ,belgium4 8,your sufferings are mine1 and so are your fortunes10 has been the motto of the loyal ,dutch4 ,,edmund ,,gosse ,illustration3 ,,belgium ,,in ,,holland 8,your sufferings are mine as are your fortunes40 ,serbia ,the fight of the one and the four might1 in view of the difference in the size of the combatants1 be called quite fairly 8the fight of the one and the fifty-three40 ,each of the assailants has his own character4 ,germany is represented as a ferocious giant2 ,austria follows ,prussia's lead1 a little the worse for wear1 with a bandaged head as the souvenir of his former campaign3 he does his best to look and act like ,germany4 ,bulgaria loses not a moment1 but puts his rifle to his shoulder to shoot the small enemy3 he acts in his own way1 according to his own character3 kill the enemy as quickly as possible and seize the spoil1 that is his principle4 ,turkey is a rather broken-down and dilapidated figure1 who is preparing to use his bayonet1 but has not got it quite ready4 ,serbia1 erect1 with feet firmly planted1 stands facing the chief enemy1 a little ,david against this big ,goliath and his henchman1 ,austria2 and the other two1 so recently deadly foes1 now standing shoulder to shoulder1 attack him while his attention is directed on ,germany4 ,the leader and 8hero0 of this assault is ,prussia1 big1 brutal1 remorseless4 ,the ,dutch artist always concentrates the spectator's attention on him4 ,you can almost hear the roar coming out of his mouth3 8,gott strafe ,serbien40 ,this is the figure1 as ,raemaekers paints him1 that goes straight for his object1 regardless of moral considerations4 ,serbia is in his way1 and ,serbia must be trampled in the mire4 ,the artist's sympathy is wholly with ,serbia1 who is pictured as the man fighting against the brute1 slight1 but active and noble in build1 facing this burly foe4 ,and poor old ,turkey6 ,always a figure of comedy1 never ready in time1 always ineffective1 never fully able to use the weapons of so-called 8civilisation40 ,let it a ways be remembered that in the ,gallipoli peninsula1 when the ,turks at first were taking no prisoners1 but killing the wounded after their own familiar fashion with mutilation1 for the sake of such spoil as could be carried away1 ,enver ,pasha issued an order that thirty piastres should be paid for every prisoner brought in alive1 a noble and humane regulation4 ,let us hope that the reward was always paid1 not stolen on the way1 as has been so often the case in ,turkey4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,serbia 8,now we can make an end of him40 ,slow ,asphyxiation ,many a stout-hearted man can 8bite upon the bullet0 and bear pain up to the varying but inevitable limit when unconsciousness puts an end to literally unbearable agony4 ,but is there anyone who could face with any show of courage the unutterable terror of slow asphyxiation8 ,this is indeed a horrible picture4 ,raemaekers has helped us to realise the unrealisable1 setting down with his swift and merciless pencil the oft-repeated incident of the despair1 even to tears1 of surgeons and nurses who1 ,god knows1 might well have thought they had little to learn about human suffering4 ,the ,german will blush for this devilry till the last day of history4 ,one other deed of his was near as bad--the attempt to fasten on the ,french the guilt of this infamous departure from the laws of chivalry in war4 ,one other deed was worse--that of the ,prussian officer prisoner who1 as reported by our 8,eye-witness10 saw some of our men writhing on the ground in the throes of this agony and--laughed4 ,this bad business of the poison-gas was a damnable crime and a short-sighted4 ,it tempered the fighting resolution of our men4 ,ask in particular any ,canadian since ,ypres1 and certainly after and because of that day many a ,german in the field has received a bayonet wound instead of quarter and a kindly cigarette4 ,it is for ,germans after repentance to ask themselves whether after all such initiative has really any military value--except to the other side4 ,,joseph ,,thorp ,illustration3 ,,slow ,,asphyxiation ,the ,german ,propagandist ,if you don't see what you want1 pay for it1 is ,germany's motto to-day4 ,a veritable rain of ,german gold has fallen in all the neutral countries during the war4 ,italy1 ,roumania1 ,greece1 ,spain1 ,holland1 ,switzerland1 and ,scandinavia have had the tares of ,german secret funds sown amongst the wheat of genuine public opinion4 ,it was ,bismarck's belief that by gold all newspapers and most men are to be bought4 ,to-day it is hard to make any ,german bureaucrat believe that it is not possible to make neutrals think black is white if only enough money be spent4 ,the fact that ,german black is very very black does not deter the industrious secret fund distributors4 ,newspapers are bought1 agitators are subsidised1 a false public opinion is artificially created--and the principal end is always to help those who made the war in ,germany and those who keep it going to calm the masses in repeating what neutral papers and neutral led captains say4 ,a nation which has to depend upon such means of drugging itself into acquiescence has little to hope for4 ,in ,italy1 in ,roumania1 the scattering of ,german gold has availed nothing--but while there remains a neutral ,state there will ,german secret funds be scattered4 ,and with it all1 the bellowing1 blustering ,german propagandist1 thumping any neutral table and endeavouring to make people believe that all men are as he is1 knows well that he only gets a hearing1 even from the lowest elements of any nation1 because behind him is his colleague with the money-bag--,raemaekers has expressed in the money-bag holder all the true inwardness of the ,german system of propaganda4 ,,alfred ,,stead ,illustration3 ,,the ,,german ,,propagandist 8,i assure you1 my friends1 that anyone who does not love us1 whatever his nationality1 has assuredly been bought over by the enemy40 ,jackals in the ,political ,field 8,when the tiger10 says the naturalist1 8has killed some large animal1 such as a buffalo which he cannot consume at one time1 the jackals collect round the carcase at a respectful distance and wait patiently until the tiger moves off4 ,then they rush from all directions1 carousing upon the slaughtered buffalo1 each anxious to eat as much as it can contain in the shortest time40 ,the human jackal is one of the most squalid and sordid creatures and features of war4 ,we saw him in ,dublin the other day emerging from his slum den to loot ,sackville ,street4 ,every battlefield feeds its carrion beasts and birds4 ,this picture of ,belgium and its jackals is doubtless only too true4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers and the ,dutch have better means of knowing than we4 ,the jackal1 says the same naturalist1 belongs to the ,canid1 the 8dog tribe40 ,the scientific name of the true dog is ,canis familiaris1 8the household dog40 ,the jackal is ,canis aureus1 the 8gold dog40 ,the epithet describes no doubt his colour4 ,the human ,canis aureus perhaps deserves his title on not less obvious grounds4 8,the continent of ,europe10 the naturalist goes on1 8is free from the jackal40 ,it was supposed till yesterday to be free from the lion and tiger4 ,but in the prehistoric times of the cave man1 geologists say1 there was both in ,england and ,europe the great 8sabre-tooth0 tiger4 ,kipling1 who knows everything about beasts1 knows him and puts him into his 8,story of ,ung03 8,the sabre-tooth tiger dragging a man to his lair40 ,to-day the cave tiger has come back and with him the cave jackal4 ,there is a terrible beauty about the tiger4 ,the jackal is a mean and hideous brute4 ,but both are out of date4 ,did not ,monsieur ,capus say the other day that ,europe 8cannot allow a return of the cave epoch08 ,,herbert ,,warren ,illustration3 ,,jackals ,,in ,,the ,,political ,,field ,,jackals 7,flemish pro-,germans73 8,what he leaves of ,belgium will be enough for us40 ,the ,sacrifice ,the ,kaiser is presumably human1 though1 in the language of former times1 he is also presumably--if not undoubtedly--possessed of a devil1 or of many legions of devils4 ,how any human being can support the thought of the woeful red horror into which he1 deliberately1 and of long-planned evil intention1 plunged the world passes the possibilities of human comprehension4 ,deliberately1 cold-bloodedly1 for the simple purpose of furthering his own ends1 he has ordered the massacre of women and children in untold multitudes1 and his orders have been executed by the tools he fashioned in the years of treacherous peace for the purpose4 ,executed too by fiends in human shape who were forced to do as they were ordered or take the consequences4 ,fathers of families themselves in many cases no doubt1 it is one of the marvels of this new savagery that men1 so calling themselves1 could be found to do such deeds4 ,many of them have gone to their account4 ,the arch-fiend still survives4 ,and this man calls upon ,god to bless his evil doings6 8,suffer the little ones to come unto ,me60 said ,christ4 ,and ,his wounded heart must bleed afresh at knowledge of it all4 ,there was massacre of the innocents in ,judea when ,herod thought to save himself by slaying the infant ,christ with all the other children4 ,but ,christ lived4 ,the ,kaiser out-,herods ,herod1 and slays ,christ afresh in the murder of all these little ones4 ,they are pitiful sacrifices to the blood-lust of this modern ,moloch4 ,their blood cries aloud to ,god4 ,he is ,justice4 ,their cries shall not go unheard of ,him4 ,but by their death and the horror of it they are helping to rid the world of the most monstrous tyranny which ever aspired to rule it4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sacrifice ,for humanity's sake4 8,lusitania0 ,amok ,the unerring insight to motive which characterises ,raemaekers' work is well displayed in this cartoon1 in which is shown not only the ,german fury against ,england1 but the senselessness of that fury4 ,the raging1 soulless hate depicted here is the hate that takes no count of the lives of women and children1 but would sacrifice these and all else to its own ends4 ,the crime is one that will live in men's memories while recollection of this war endures1 and will be placed at the head of that long list of acts which can have no possible effect on the result of the war1 and1 in fact1 can have no result at all beyond showing the guiding spirit of ,germany as ,raemaekers shows it--ugly1 mad1 and a thing worthy only of destruction at the hands of sane civilisation4 ,in the rush of events we are in danger1 not of forgetfulness1 but of neglect of comprehension of the spirit prompting acts like the sinking of the ,lusitania1 for the stern purpose of these times is all-absorbing1 and material urgencies must1 for the time1 stand before the reckoning out of a rate of payment for such deeds as this4 ,but in the day of the great reckoning it would be well if this cartoon could be kept full in sight of the reckoners2 not for mere vengeance1 for that would not bring back those who went down with the ,lusitania1 or fell under bombs dropped aimlessly or with intent to terrorise--and1 in any case1 humanity could never exact full vengeance for such acts as these1 nor is such a figure as this true presentation of ,germany of to-day capable of feeling human vengeance4 ,for the sake of future generations1 for the safety of humanity and that civilisation as we know it may endure1 the reckoning must include the extinction of this spirit which ,raemaekers shows as that of a raging and senseless slaughterer4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 8,,lusitania0 ,,amok 8,gott strafe ,england1 or ,i will do it myself40 ,a ,letter from the ,german ,trenches ,in this cartoon ,raemaekers has contrived to indicate powerfully what is after all the dominant and peculiar note of the ,german people4 ,no ,european nation has ever taken war--as people say--so 8seriously10 that is1 with so much concentration of attention and elaborate preparation1 as has the ,german ,empire4 ,no people has ever had it so thoroughly drilled into its collective mind as have the ,german subjects of that ,empire that war is not only1 as all ,christian people have always believed1 an expedient lawful and necessary upon occasion1 but a thing highly desirable in itself1 nay1 the principal function of a 8superior0 race and the main end of its being4 ,and yet after all the actual ,german is never1 like the ,frenchman1 a natural and instinctive warrior--any more than he is1 like the ,englishman1 a natural and instinctive adventurer4 ,the whole business of ,prussian militarism1 with the half-witted philosophy by which it is justified1 has to be imposed upon him from without by his masters4 ,he fights just as he works1 just as he tortures1 violates and murders1 because he is told to do so by persons in a superior position1 holding themselves stiffly1 dressed in uniform1 and able to hit him in the face with a whip4 ,long before the war the absurd ,koepenick incident gave us a glimpse of this astonishing docility on its farcical side4 ,its tragic side is well illustrated by the droves of helpless and inarticulate barbarians driven into the shambles daily 7as at ,verdun7 for the sole purpose of covering up the blunders of their very 8efficient0 superiors4 ,one could pity the wretches if there were not so considerable a leaven of wickedness in their stupidity4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,a ,,letter ,,from ,,the ,,german ,,trenches 8,we have gained a good bit2 our cemeteries now extend as far as the sea40 8,it was ,i who opened fire on ,rheims0 ,extremes so meet that the perversions of the ,pacifist make but the reverse of the ,prussian shield4 ,as to the ,pacifist all war is crime1 so to the ,prussian all crime is legitimate war4 ,in the sublime resistance of the soldier who defends his country1 its women and its children1 even to the spilling of his soul1 the ,pacifist will see nothing but the crime of murder2 and to the ,prussian the act of war is mainly the perpetration of crime unhindered1 from common lying to murder most foul1 and beyond that4 ,these crimes the ,pacifist palliates and condones1 with his ,fellowships of ,reconciliation and his schools for the ,conscientious ,liar2 while the ,prussian celebrates them as victories4 ,the wilful destruction of works of art as an act of war is a crime unknown among civilised peoples2 and if there be degrees in that crime the destruction of such a work as ,rheims ,cathedral--the pious labour of a colony of artists directed to one end for seven generations--is surely the most monstrous4 ,at ,rheims1 at ,louvain1 at ,ypres1 at a dozen places this spite of the grinning crtin has been manifested2 and perhaps after all we were never justified in our amazement4 ,dull savages do such things in mere incomprehension2 and mere incomprehension before a work of art is ,prussian nature4 ,the best ,prussian use of such a work is to build upon it some irrelevant statistic1 some ludicrous polemik1 some laborious medley of meaningless side-issue4 ,let one thing be borne in mind1 however1 against the settlement to be made at the end of this war4 ,it is against the policy of civilised peoples to trust savages with the possession either of works of art or weapons of precision4 ,,arthur ,,morrison ,illustration3 ,,the ,,braggart 8,it was ,i who opened fire on ,rheims40 ,corn and ,cattle ,cattle are skittish at times1 and generally the skittishness is associated with heat4 ,corn and ,cattle do not suggest anything fierce1 unless hunger intervene1 and then the cattle may become1 not skittish1 but fierce1 and even furious4 ,are the cattle and the corn once again made to speak a language not their own8 ,depicted is an incident of this revealing bloody time4 ,the ,austrian ,francis ,joseph has been brought into subjection by ,wilhelm of ,potsdam1 second of that name overlord of ,germany4 ,but1 you say1 ,wilhelm is not overlord of ,francis ,joseph of ,schnbrunn6 ,facts are as they are4 ,do you see that spiked helmet crowning the head of intolerance1 moustache challenging heaven1 and outstretched finger dropping ultimata6 ,the earth is the ,kaiser's1 and the cattle thereof4 8,if you won't let me have your corn1 ,i will not let you have my cattle0--though the cattle came from ,denmark they are 8my cattle40 ,true1 there is the other 8,kaiser0 opposite2 but that is another story4 ,we are told it is risky work going hunting with a tiger2 and methinks aged ,francis ,joseph will confess that it is even so4 ,his grey hairs have not saved him personally1 his 8ramshackle ,empire0 has been1 time and again1 over-run1 his territory has been offered as sops by his younger brother and master of ,potsdam4 ,the only wonder in the legend below is 8your corn02 above the artist depicts a raging tyrant whose is all1 to dispose as the laws of ,kultur may please4 ,honour among thieves6 ,that is only when they are in the retail trade4 ,the appetite grows as it is fed1 and masterly never becomes master-ful4 ,austria-,hungary is reputed already as satiated with war's losses1 not repentant1 and her people in dire need4 ,but her partner in iniquity is a master3 and ,austria's need is an opportunity to bargain1 and to make subject2 hence the shrinking1 cringing ,hapsburg before the challenging moustache1 strident voice1 accusing finger of young ,hohenzollern1 lean and worn6 ,before the world1 here is the fact1 these ,kaisers1 like foot-pads quarrelling--and there are the two privates1 so lean and abject1 while the 8swag0 is in question4 ,w4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,williams ,illustration3 8,if you won't let me have your corn1 ,i will not let you have my cattle40 ,his ,master's ,voice ,the manipulation of the ,press is one of the weapons which ,bismarck taught ,german ,imperialism to use4 ,like others it has been developed by his successors into an instrument which the master himself would hardly have recognised4 ,it is one of the most potent means of that 8peaceful penetration0 of all other countries which was nothing but a preparation for war4 ,and it has been used in the war with a purposefulness of aim and a versatility of method that betoken long and systematic study4 ,it is a ubiquitous influence and the most subtle of all4 ,yet the ,press is held in greater contempt by official and other ruling circles in ,germany than in any other country4 ,they despise the tool1 while tacitly acknowledging its utility by unsparing use4 ,this curious state of things is the fault of the ,press4 ,what has rendered it such a pliant tool in the hands of ,german ,imperialism is either credulity or venality2 and both are contemptible qualities4 ,credulity is probably the more prevalent1 at least in this country1 where shoals of newspapers1 blinded by their own prejudices1 were the dupes of ,german duplicity4 ,but there has been venality1 too1 both crude and subtle4 ,the case of the 8,vlaamsche ,stem10 here satirised by ,raemaekers1 is exceptional4 ,so crude and gross a method of influencing the ,press as bribing the proprietor of a newspaper 7probably with the aid of threats7 to hand it over with its staff and good-will could hardly be practised where any independence survived4 ,it was not practised with success even in conquered ,flanders1 for the staff1 to their eternal credit1 refused to listen to the new master's voice4 ,but there are journalists who1 less intelligent than the terrier1 faithfully accept the voice from the ,pickelhaube and wag their little tails when they hear it4 ,to them is offered the parable which shows their relation to their master4 ,a4 ,,shadwell ,illustration3 ,,his ,,master',s ,,voice ,the ,vlaamsche ,stem 7,flemish ,voice71 a ,flemish paper1 was bought by the ,germans1 whereupon the whole staff resigned1 as it no longer represented its title4 ,hun ,generosity ,the ,all-,highest1 so we are told1 loves a joke at another's expense1 a trait in his character essentially barbaric4 ,raemaekers reproduces the twinkle in the ,imperial eye as ,william of ,potsdam offers to a quondam ally the foot which belongs to his senile and helpless brother of ,hapsburg4 ,the roar of anguish from the prostrate octogenarian provokes1 as we see1 not pity but a grim smile4 ,italy's monarch1 we may imagine1 is muttering to himself3-- ,timeo ,danaos et dona ferentes4 ,the bribe1 wrenched from another1 was1 of course1 indignantly rejected1 but one wonders what the secret feelings of the ,hapsburgs may be towards the ,hohenzollerns4 ,we know that the ,turk cherishes no love for the ,hun who has beguiled him1 but we cannot gauge as yet the real strength or weakness of the bond between the ,huns on the one hand and the ,austrians and ,hungarians on the other4 ,raemaekers has pourtrayed ,franz ,josef flat on his back4 ,in the language of the ring he is 8down and out40 ,possibly it may have been so from the beginning4 ,at any rate1 in this country1 there is an amiable disposition to regard ,franz ,josef as a victim rather than an accomplice1 a weakling writhing beneath the jack-boot of ,prussia1 impotent to hold his own4 ,it may not be so4 ,time alone will reveal the truth4 ,but this much is reasonably certain4 ,when peace is declared1 the sincere friendship which once existed between ourselves and the ,dual ,monarchy may be re-established1 but many years must pass before we forgive or forget the ,huns4 ,they are boasting to-day that as a nation they are self-sufficing and self-supporting4 ,amen6 ,most of us desire nothing better than to leave them alone till they have mended their manners and purged themselves of a colossal and unendurable conceit4 ,i cannot envisage ,huns playing tennis at ,wimbledon1 or ,english girls studying music at ,leipzig4 ,the grass in the streets of ,homburg will not1 for many years1 be trodden out by ,english feet2 the harpies of hotel keepers throughout the ,happy ,fatherland will prey1 it may be presumed1 upon their fellow ,huns4 ,then they will fall to 8strafing0 each other instead of ,england4 ,and then1 as now1 their mouthings will provoke inextinguishable laughter4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 8,,have ,,another ,,piece80 ,easter1 #aiae ,ever since with the beginning of ,christendom a new soul entered the body of exhausted ,europe1 it is true to say that we have not only had a certain idea but been haunted by it1 as by a ghost4 ,it is the idea crystallised in legends like those of ,st4 ,christopher and ,st4 ,martin4 ,but it is equally apparent in the most modern ethics and eloquence1 as1 for instance1 when a ,french atheist orator urged the reconsideration of a criminal case by pointing at the pictured ,crucifixion which hangs in a ,french ,law ,court and saying3 8,voil la chose juge40 ,it is the idea that when oppressing the lowest we may actually be oppressing the highest1 and that not even impersonally1 but personally4 ,we may be1 as it were1 the victims of a divine masquerade2 and discover that the greatest of kings can travel incognito4 ,such a picture1 therefore1 as the cartoonist has drawn here can be found in all ages of ,christian history as a comment on contemporary oppression4 ,but while the central figure remains always the same1 the types of the tyrant and the mocker hold our temporary attention2 for they are sketched from life and with a living exactitude4 ,upon one of them especially it would be easy to say a great deal2 the grinning ,prussian youth with the spectacles and the monkey face1 who is using a ,prussian helmet instead of the crown of thorns4 ,such a scientific gutter-snipe is the real and visible fruit of organised ,german education2 he is a much truer type than any gory and hairy ,hun4 ,in the face of that young atheist there is everything that can come from the congestion of the pagan with the parvenu2 all the knowingness that is the cessation of knowledge2 and that something which always accompanies real atheism--arrested development4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,easter1 #aiae 8,and they bowed the knee before ,him40 ,duty--and ,safety ,a large number of the ,belgians are said to have been in ,german pay1 and their support contributed to put the country helpless under ,german power4 ,does this cartoon show ,belgians of that class1 or only the ordinary selfish and pleasure-seeking element of society1 too weak to be even worth purchase by the enemy8 ,the scene is a caf at ,the ,hague4 ,in the background the band is making music with all its heart and all its power4 ,two ,belgians going out enveloped in greatcoats with capes to face the stormy weather stop for a moment to speak to an acquaintance1 one of a party who are enjoying themselves at ease4 ,they are joining the army4 ,the party is evidently not interested in such a trifle as their country and its fate3 they are well out of ,belgium1 which must be an uncomfortable place to live in at present1 and they are not going back till ,belgium is a fit home for the butterflies of fashion4 ,the fifth of the party1 down in the right-hand corner1 has the vacuous face of an imbecile4 ,two of the others wear a foolish grin1 as the word passes between one of them1 a lady1 and the more capable-looking man seated next her3 8,fancy1 they're off to fight40 ,what fools to think of duty and country1 when it means leaving comfort and the life of society1 and facing the storm1 with the risk of death6 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,at ,,the ,,hague 8,fancy1 they're off to fight60 ,many ,belgians live at ease in ,holland4 ,the ,new ,dutch ,oil ,line ,whether the artist's eye be turned to ,germany or to ,holland1 he gives proof that his vision is clear and his sense of propriety and humour keen4 ,but the 8new oil line0 is ,dutch1 and here the humour is more genial1 the satire less sharp and biting4 ,in the foreground1 drawn with great force and dignity1 is the ,lion of ,england1 in blandest mood1 who with his back to the ,german1 astride the cask in strikingly complacent smiles1 holds the dish to the tap in ,england1 pouring out oil which is carried by an ingenious use of the ,lion's tail to the ,german's cask4 ,over the great ,lion1 and held by the ,lion1 is the umbrella1 inscribed ,n4,o4,t4 the ,netherlands ,oversea ,trust1 under cover of which the oil is thus cleverly carried to the smiling ,german4 ,the artist touches safely and surely a delicate subject which a journalist could not treat without rousing anger2 but in result a situation is shown which is sure to prove1 and is proving1 a trying one both to the ,dutch and to the ,british people4 ,however1 there can be little question but that the edge of his wit is turned upon his 8ain countrie0 by this formidable artist-commentator4 ,the cunning and brutality of a ,german debased by the worship of ,kultur1 of force1 are almost wholly absent here2 and instead the artist treats the question of ,neutrality1 and smiles in line and colour at both ,holland and ,britain4 ,poor 8human nature0 is held up to the mirror2 foibles1 failings1 and futility reflected4 ,that the ,lion should think that ,n4,o4,t4 umbrella shelters him from trickery only shows his vanity3 that the oil goes to the 8enemy0 shows the artist's views of some ,dutchmen2 that ,n4,o4,t4 may also suggest that the ,german's need is supplied even by the ,lion's tail of pride4 ,is there a further satire of men in war8 ,while men are mown down on the field by death's improved tools1 some men will always find it 8good business0 to deal in 8oil10 or something else at the expense of a belligerent4 ,if the ,dutchman does the business1 and the ,german1 broadly pleased1 has his sore need supplied1 there is the generous ,lion1 'neath an umbrella which he upholds himself1 made to oil an enemy1 the ,german of the age of ,kultur6 ,canto virginibus puerisque4 ,w4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,williams ,illustration3 ,,the ,,new ,,dutch ,,oil ,,line ,pan ,germanicus as ,peace ,maker ,imagine the feelings of the hindlegs of a stage elephant on being told that the performance is to be a continuous one and you will have some inkling of the dismay of the ,kaiser and his henchman1 concealed in the plumage of the ,war ,eagle and the ,dove of ,peace respectively4 ,the one bird is as useless as the other in bringing the war to the end desired in ,berlin4 ,the stage eagle is daily losing its plumage1 and is rapidly becoming but a moulty apology for the king of birds4 ,as for the dove1 it has been used so often1 with constantly changing olive branch in its beak1 that it now makes its appearance shamefacedly and absolutely without heart4 ,imperial eagle mask with half-mad military quasi-deity inside and dove of peace1 on the ,german model1 with calculating miscalculating statesman1 you rang the curtain up1 you cannot ring it down1 either to the music of the ,hymn of ,hate or the ,te ,deum for peace--the eagle can no longer look boldly straight into the sun1 looking for his place in it2 the dove has taken permanent quarters in the ,german ark as it whirls round and round in the whirlpool of impotent effort1 ever drawing nearer to the final crash4 ,when the ,dove of ,peace does come1 it will be a real bird of good omen1 not a ,german reserve officer masquerading as one4 ,,alfred ,,stead ,illustration3 ,,pan ,,germanicus ,,as ,,peace ,,maker ,,the ,,dove3 8,they say they do not want peace1 as they have time enough40 ,,the ,,eagle3 8,alas6 ,that is just what we haven't got40 ,gott ,mit ,uns ,this picture is a perfectly accurate symbolic study of the ,german ,empire4 ,therefore1 naturally1 it is one of the most dreadful that were ever drawn4 ,in all the gruesome 8,dances of ,death0 in which the fifteenth century took so grim a pleasure1 no artist ever conceived the horrible idea of a fat skeleton4 ,but we have not only conceived the thought1 we have seen the thing--8a terror in the sunshine40 ,we know that chest1 puffed up with a wind of pride1 and that stomach heavy with slaughter and rich living2 and above them the ,death's ,head4 ,we have seen it4 ,we have felt its foul breath4 ,its name is ,prussia4 ,look at a portrait of ,frederick the ,great1 the 8onlie true begetter0 of this abortion4 ,it oddly suggests what ,raemaekers has set down here2 the face a skull1 the staring eyes those of a lost soul4 ,but the skeleton has grown fat since ,frederick's day--fat on the blood and plunder of nations4 ,only there is no living flesh on its bones1 nothing of humanity about it4 8,can these dry bones live80 was the question asked of the prophet4 ,it might have been asked of ,frederick3 8,can this nation live1 created of your foul witchcraft1 without honour1 without charity1 without human brotherhood or fellowship1 without all that which is the flesh and blood of mankind80 ,the answer must have been that it could live1 though with a life coming from below and essentially infernal4 ,it could live--for a time4 ,it could even have great power because its time was short4 ,but now it has waxed fat--and kicked4 ,and its end is near4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,it',s ,,fattening ,,work ,idyllic ,neutrality ,in the picture opposite the best elements of the great cartoonist's genius have full scope4 ,one has the biting satire1 the humour and the extraordinary gift of representing facial expressions with an economy of line reminding one of some of the best work of the late ,phil ,may1 that prince of humorous ,british caricaturists4 ,raemaekers does not spare even his own countrymen when he discovers a situation inimical to the welfare of the ,allied cause1 or one which involves an obvious absurdity4 ,here we have such a situation4 ,in the early days of the ,war of far greater frequency than at present1 thanks to the ever tightening 8strangle hold0 of the ,british ,fleet4 ,there can be no doubt that for many months ,holland 7greatly to her material gain7 turned herself into a conduit pipe for the supply of contraband of ,war to the ,central ,empires and more especially to ,germany4 ,daily there were scenes such as that depicted1 though possibly veiled with some thin veneer either of legality or subterfuge4 ,dutch peasants 7as well as the agents of the rich merchants and the resident ,german smugglers7 of all ages and grades flocked to the frontier figuratively if not literally to drop their bags of contraband over the slenderly marked line which divides ,holland from ,germany4 ,on the faces of the smugglers one sees the grin of satisfaction and the smug recognition of the truth of the ancient saw1 8,it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good40 ,they are all doing their little bit--though strictly neutral1 of course--to keep the ,huns alive1 to provide the means of killing the soldiers of the ,allies1 and--at the same time are adding to that 8nest egg0 which is so dear to the ,dutch heart4 ,at the frontier line are two soldiers4 ,the ,dutch guard with a stolid appearance in his back1 and with a look of detachment and bland unconsciousness of what is going on behind it1 discoverable even on the small portion of his face that is visible4 ,on the other side of the frontier stands the ,hun guard smiling sardonically at the ,dutch ideas of neutrality1 and the eagerness with which the people of the land he covets1 and hoped to take1 play his game4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,idyllic ,,neutrality ,a daily smuggling scene on the ,dutch ,belgian frontier4 ,alcoholism ,in this cartoon the ,dutch artist pays a high compliment to the ,british working man4 ,the hideous figure of ,alcoholism dressed in rags1 with large bony hands at the end of her thin bony arms1 with the glaring eyes1 the distorted face and the dishevelled hair of a raging mad woman1 approaches the workman1 offering bottles of whisky which he has struck from her hand4 ,two of them lie smashed on the ground1 the third is falling4 ,the workman's choice is made voluntarily4 ,he will be neither the slave of drink1 on the one hand1 nor the slave of prohibitory law on the other4 ,he will judge for himself1 and his decision is expressed in this cartoon4 ,he knows the nature of ,alcoholism which assails him1 and he looks at her with anger and contempt as he points to the answer which he has expressed in the bottles falling or broken4 ,it contains also the answer which this artist of a foreign and neutral country makes to the charges of drunkenness that were a year ago hurled against the ,british workman4 ,he was said to be endangering the country by his self-indulgence4 ,while there are exceptions1 unfortunately1 to the picture that ,raemaekers here shows us1 there need be no hesitation in believing that the workman's attitude1 as the artist sees it1 is the attitude of the overwhelming majority4 ,it is not often that a higher compliment has been paid to the workman than in this cartoon4 ,it is the ideal truth2 and the more widely it is seen and appreciated1 the more it will make the ideal into the actual truth4 ,it does not enter into the artist's purpose to show the serious loss caused by the alcoholism of even a small minority1 but this point of view must not be forgotten in real life4 ,copies of this cartoon should be widely spread through the country4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay ,illustration3 ,,alcoholism--,,britons ,,never ,,will ,,be ,,slaves ,political and ,economic ,rapprochement ,a ,german business firm never lets go of a customer once it seizes him4 ,of course that is an extreme statement1 for customers die or change their country1 or even revolt against the importunities of the ,german bagman4 ,still1 it may be taken as a fact that ,germany exhibits a pertinacity in trade that rivals her pertinacity in war4 ,now ,foreign ,trade in the conception of ,germany does not mean1 though it includes1 the selling of goods2 it means the destruction of all other than ,german interests4 ,politics and economics are convertible terms in the mind of the ,fatherland4 ,to absorb and make ,german the world--that is the idea woven in invisible thread in the fabrics she sells1 written in invisible ink in her contracts1 stamped in invisible letters on her metal goods4 ,before the war she was fast reducing great free nations to economic serfdom1 so that to buy a rat-trap they had to turn to ,germany1 who sold them1 with a certain grim humour1 even the very guns to fight her in1 what she considered to be1 an already won war4 ,she paralysed ,england1 ,russia1 and ,france economically and politically1 just as a snake paralyses its victims1 and she was about to swallow them one after the other1 and would have swallowed them only that she opened her mouth too soon4 ,consider then the fate of a little nation entering into a political and economic rapprochement with this cormorant people who have so nearly devoured ,england3 ,the fate of the rabbit in the jaws that could swallow an ox4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole ,illustration3 ,a ,,political ,,and ,,economic ,,rapprochement ,,germany3 8,you must cut your throat with this knife1 otherwise ,i shall have to use force to you40 ,why ,they ,were ,taken ,i remember very early in the war a distinguished neutral saying to me3 8,germany hopes for swift and wide conquests1 not so much that she believes that she can retain all she seizes as that she hopes in the end to have much to bargain with4 ,her policy1 should she fail in her world conquest1 will be analogous to that of a thief who seeks to purchase liberty and immunity from punishment for a crime with the money he has stolen40 ,it is an aspect of ,germany's policy that will repay watching4 ,when peace terms come to be discussed1 the ,allies must not accept stolen goods even in part settlement for ,german crimes and aggression4 ,raemaekers here suggests1 what has been present in many other minds1 the idea that the capture of ,dutch ships was stage-managed to enable the new ,ambassador at ,the ,hague to 8create a good impression0 in his favour by a release of the ships4 ,the action may have impressed shipping circles1 and have avoided 8strained relations0 between the two ,governments of ,the ,hague and of ,berlin2 but the ,dutch must indeed be a simple folk and blind if they did not on this occasion 8look the gift horse in the mouth0 with a view to ascertaining its exact value4 ,to clumsy diplomacy ,germany has more than once added a lack of humour of an astonishing degree of obtuseness in dealing with neutral nations1 of which this incident of the ,dutch ships is an excellent example4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,why ,,they ,,were ,,taken ,,the ,,new ,,ambassador3 8,i am empowered by my ,government to restore them--7sotto voce7 that will create a good impression in my favour40 ,the new ,german ,ambassador at the ,hague at once restored the captured ships4 ,mon ,fils1 ,belgium1 #aiad ,raemaekers' terrible picture represents a scene of frequent occurrence in ,belgium during the earlier months of the war4 ,the tragedy depicted requires no comment2 it is sufficiently explicit in the cynical smile of the ,german soldier1 the agony of the ,belgian mother1 and the heap of corpses before her amongst which she is to find her son4 ,german military ethics have been the wonder and the detestation of the whole world4 ,but they have been practised and carried out by the present army in accordance with principles laid down long ago by ,german military writers1 especially by ,clausewitz4 ,it was ,clausewitz above all who enunciated the axiom that in times of war every elementary consideration of humanity must be postponed in pursuit of victory4 ,prince ,bismarck adopted the doctrines of ,clausewitz and often blamed the ,german soldiers for the leniency with which they at times treated the ,french in the war of #ahgj4 ,it was not enough1 so ,bismarck thought1 to slay the actual combatants4 8,it will come to this10 he said1 8that we will shoot down every male inhabitant40 ,it is especially interesting to see what attitude the ,teuton savages assumed towards the efforts of those who were anxious to mitigate the horrors of war4 ,in a handbook published in #aijb by the ,german ,general ,staff1 we observe the ruthless effrontery with which all the efforts of the men who negotiated ,the ,hague1 ,geneva and ,brussels conventions were swept away4 ,it was laid down with absolute frankness that 8,german military authorities do not recognise the validity of any international conventions dealing with the laws of war40 ,thus the scenes which have so shocked us in the present campaign are not inconsistent with1 are1 indeed1 the logical outcome of1 principles long since accepted by ,berlin4 ,war must be carried to its extreme1 even against a peaceful population1 because in this way the strongest inducements will be brought to bear upon them to admit conquest and therefore to accept the ultimate conclusion of peace4 ,we know from recent reports of the ,french ,government and other authorities that the murder of prisoners and wounded men has been of frequent occurrence1 and that not once but many times orders have been issued to give no quarter4 ,hostages1 also1 have been terrorised4 ,taken in order to serve as securities for the good conduct of the civil population1 they have not only been put in the forefront of danger but frequently killed in order to execute the decrees of 8,terrorism40 ,what in point of fact is the ,german idea of waging war8 ,inasmuch as the duty of a nation at war is to conquer1 all measures1 however indefensible in time of peace1 are justified4 ,moreover1 if any engagements have been entered into during the pre-war period1 they become cancelled when war has begun4 ,is it not absolutely necessary that a nation which adopts1 principles like these should be so weakened in military strength as to render it impotent for mischief for at least half a century8 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney ,illustration3 ,,mon ,,fils1 ,,belgium1 #aiad 8,ah6 was your boy among the twelve this morning8 ,then you'll find him among this lot40 ,holland to ,belgium ,raemaekers knows far more about the real feelings of his own countrymen than a foreigner can do4 ,we have seen that the ,dutch people are full of sympathy for the ,belgian refugees1 and that they have helped them with great generosity4 ,english fugitives from the war zone have also been kindly treated in ,holland4 ,but from what ,i have heard myself1 ,i fear that there are many ,dutchmen who do not realise that the existence of their country as an independent nation is bound up with the success of the ,allies4 ,all the corrupt and malign influences which ,germany has been sedulously and treacherously exercising in neutral countries have been exerted in their worst forms in ,holland4 ,the country is honeycombed with ,german intrigues1 and half-strangled in a network of commercial interests and obligations4 ,the ,press is practically not free1 and a numbing sense of terror is spread over the population4 ,in the long run the fate of ,belgium1 terrible as it has been1 may be preferable to that of ,holland1 unless the countrymen of ,de ,reuter and ,van ,tromp have the resolution to strike a blow for their honour and freedom1 while there is yet time4 ,they are in danger of becoming the vassals of a ,power which has no more sympathy with the ideals of a free commonwealth than ,philip ,,ii41 and which has shown that it can surpass the ,duke of ,alva in cruelty4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,inge ,dean of ,st4 ,paul's ,illustration3 ,,holland ,,to ,,belgium 8,outwardly1 ,i must be neutral2 inwardly1 ,i am full of pity and sympathy40 ,a ,conflict of ,testimony ,just so6 ,the ,huns pay the price of lies by being constrained 8to lie on still40 ,but1 sooner or later--sooner1 perhaps1 than they think--their lies will come home to roost4 ,the great gullible ,hun public1 the slaves of an iron discipline1 will learn the truth4 ,no people in the history of the world has been so consummately befooled1 so systematically humbugged4 ,one wonders what the awakening will be like8 ,the army1 if we may credit the testimony of some prisoners1 is just beginning to ask questions2 the women of ,hunland are on the ragged edge of revolt4 ,the ,junkers1 it is true1 sit heavily upon public opinion1 the safety-valve of every nation4 ,meanwhile1 hidden forces are accumulating strength4 ,a cataclysmic explosion must take place4 ,and then the savage instincts of the great blonde beast1 instincts fostered by an intelligence perverted to evil1 will glut themselves to satiety4 ,la ,carmagnole will be danced in ,berlin4 ,as with individuals1 so with nations--the most terrible humiliations come from within4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,a ,,conflict ,,of ,,testimony 8,sire1 it's quite easy3 for every witness who swears we've murdered innocent people we will produce two who will swear they did not see it40 ,the ,ferocious ,bellicose ,party ,mynheer van ,ploomp1 ,frau van ,ploomp1 and ,frulein van ,ploomp sitting censoriously on the newspaper1 may be raging for their country to come into the war1 but they certainly don't look like it4 ,one can never judge1 of course1 by outside appearances1 but the casual observer might reasonably infer from the surface look of things that ,mynheer had not done so very badly by keeping out of the scrap4 ,as 8,patriot0--8,nederlander10 etc41 he may write ferocious epistles to the papers demanding a firm stand by his country on the side of right4 ,but the compression of his left optic belies the supposition4 ,mynheer's 8neutrality0 has very comfortably lined his own nest and his own inside4 ,and yet he knows--none better that1 should the tiger take it into his head1 he would be gobbled up at a mouthful4 ,knows moreover that1 if by any fatal chance the tiger won the game1 he would inevitably be the next morsel to be gobbled4 ,when ,germany is at last on the run1 the ferocious bellicose party will probably come in on the side of the winners4 ,it is not a lofty game4 ,but it probably pays4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,ferocious ,,bellicose ,,party ,there existed a considerable party in ,holland who were held up to derision for wishing their country to come into the war4 ,holland and ,militarism ,louis ,raemakers knows his own countrymen better than we can1 and this satire at the expense of the peace at any price brigade is doubtless well deserved4 ,the attitude might have been pardoned two years ago1 but it is merely insane to-day4 ,and none knows that fact better than ,holland4 ,like ,america1 she is taking care of herself2 indeed1 no nation has better reason to do so with a neighbour at her elbow unamenable to reason and uncontrolled by conscience4 ,historians to come1 however1 will argue that our blindness was unpardonable1 and our surprise and unpreparedness before the advent of war must cast a heavy slur on the future credit of our past diplomacy4 ,for what could be clearer than ,germany's attitude or brighter than the beacons which had directed and were still directing her course8 ,bernhardi tells us all there is to know2 ,frederick the ,great established the ,prussian tradition on a basis of fraud and force2 ,bismarck sustained it and ,william ,,ii4 has striven to reap the harvest of their sowing4 ,it has needed the united might of ,europe to prevent him from doing so4 ,but to cry out against ,teutonic principle and practice1 as though it were a thing of yesterday sprung upon us in these wars1 is absurd4 ,every politician worthy the name had the pages of history open for his perusal4 ,frederick pointed out that alliances in which each contracting party has different interests must never hold good under all conditions1 or represent a permanent political system4 ,he declared that no alliance or agreement in the world can be effective after the bond of common and reciprocal interest is broken4 ,why then marvel at the ,belgian 8,scrap of paper10 or any number of them8 ,it was a political commonplace with the ,german ,chancellor and his ,master that oaths should be broken at the moment it became inconvenient to keep them4 ,bernhardi himself says that political agreements must always be concluded with a tacit reservation and can only hold as long as the interests of both contracting parties are satisfied4 8,la guerre10 said ,mirabeau1 8est l'industrie nationale de la ,prusse40 ,she came into existence by that industry and no other2 and until civilisation can crush that industry1 peace terms with ,prussia must not depend upon her promise to fulfil them but upon our power to make her do so4 ,to cry 8,down with militarism60 therefore is emphatically to play the ,german game1 and she will always support that cry in other mouths1 just as she applauds our 8,free ,trade0 and other traditions that have played into her hands so long4 ,holland at least is alive to danger1 and since the artist drew this picture we have learned by communiqu from ,dutch ,general ,headquarters that the army is equipped in every possible respect1 and able to face the prospect of war with confidence4 ,the nation as a whole has supported ,parliament with enthusiasm1 and the preparations have been directed and inspired by the spectacle of modern warfare and its highest needs4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,the ,,dutchman3 8,down with militarism40 ,,the ,,german3 8,that's right4 ,so much the sooner you will be ours40 ,our ,lady of ,antwerp 8,here ,i and sorrows sit4 ,this is my throne1 bid ,kings come worship it40 ,such seems to be an appropriate legend for ,raemaekers' beautiful triptych which he has entitled 8,our ,lady of ,antwerp40 ,full of compassion and sympathy for all the sufferings of her people1 she sits with the ,cathedral outlined behind her1 her heart pierced with many agonies4 ,on the left is one of the many widows who have lost their all in this war4 ,on the right is a soldier stricken to death1 who has done his utmost service for his country and brings the record of his gallantry to the feet of ,our ,lady of ,antwerp4 ,antwerp1 as we know1 was at the height of its prosperity in the sixteenth century4 ,we have been told that no fewer than five hundred ships used to enter her port in the course of a day1 while more than two thousand could be seen lying in her harbour at one time4 ,her people numbered as many as one million1 her fairs attracted merchants from all parts of ,europe1 and at least five hundred million guilders were put into circulation every year4 ,we know what followed4 ,its very prosperity proved a bait to the conqueror4 ,in #aegf the city was captured by the ,spaniards1 who pillaged it for three days4 ,nine years later the ,duke of ,parma conquered it1 and about the time when ,queen ,elizabeth was resisting the might of ,spain ,antwerp's glory had departed and its trade was ruined4 ,at the close of the ,napoleonic wars the city was handed over to the ,belgians4 ,a place of many memories1 whose geographical position was well calculated to arouse the cupidity of the ,germans1 was bound to be gallantly defended by the little nation to which it now belonged4 ,whether earlier help by the ,british might or might not have altered the course of history we cannot tell4 ,perhaps it was not soon enough realised how important it was to keep the ,hun invader from the sacred soil4 ,at all events we do not look back on the ,british ,expedition in aid of ,antwerp in #aiad with any satisfaction1 because the assistance rendered was either not ample enough or else it was belated1 or both4 ,so that ,our ,lady of ,antwerp has still to bewail the ruthless tyranny of ,berlin1 though perhaps she looks forward to the time when1 once more in possession of her own cities1 ,belgium may enter upon a new course of prosperity4 ,we are pledged to restore ,belgium1 doubly and trebly pledged1 by the words of the ,prime ,minister1 and justice will not be done until the great act of liberation is accomplished4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney ,illustration3 ,,our ,,lady ,,of ,,antwerp ,deportation ,nothing1 when one analyses it1 could be imagined more thoroughly characteristic of ,prussia than the particular stroke of policy by which a large proportion of the male population of ,belgium--as also in a somewhat lesser degree of ,northern ,france--was separated from its family ties and hurried away into exile in ,germany1 there to be compelled to work for the profit of enemies4 ,it had all the marks of ,prussianism4 ,firstly1 it was a violation of the civilised and ,christian tradition of ,european arms4 ,by the rules of such warfare the non-combatant was spared1 wherever possible2 not only his life but his property and liberty were secure so long as he did not abuse his position4 ,secondly1 it was an affront to decent human sentiment quite apart from technical rules2 the man1 guilty of no offence save that of belonging to a country which ,prussia had invaded without justice and ravaged without mercy1 was torn from his family1 who were left to the mercy of their opponents4 ,we all know what that mercy was like4 ,thirdly1 it was an insult to the human soul1 for the unfortunate victims were not only to be exiled from their country1 but to be driven by force and terror to serve against it4 ,fourthly1 and finally1 like all the worst ,prussian crimes1 it was a stupid blunder4 ,prussia has paid already a very high price for any advantage she may have gained from the mutinous and unwilling labour of these men1 and for the swelling of her official return for the edification of her own people and of neutrals by the inclusion of 8prisoners of war0 of this description4 ,to-day1 when she knows not where to turn for men1 she is obliged to keep a huge garrison tied up in ,belgium to guard her line of retreat4 ,and when the retreat itself comes1 the price will rise even higher1 and the nemesis will be both just and terrible4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,husbands ,,and ,,fathers ,belgian workmen were forcibly deported to ,germany4 ,the ,envoy to ,her ,majesty ,a certain number of ,raemaekers' cartoons concern the politics and the people of his own country in such a way that comment on them by one who is not fully conversant with the situation in ,holland is an impertinence1 but in this case the artist's satire is patent to all4 ,the contempt of the ,queen at this bald rendering of ,germany's many veiled offers is fully apparent2 every line of the figure is expressive of disdain1 and the figure in the background appeals without result4 ,it is that figure in the background which has most interest1 however2 it is yet another expression of the truth that these cartoons have made so vividly evident1 that ,germany will stop short of nothing to gain her ends4 ,this envoy is the ,german as we knew him before the war1 deferent1 somewhat waiter-ish1 and at the same time suggestive of the ,german commercial traveller--the very worst kind of commercial traveller1 for whom the word 8business0 covers such underhand dealings as accompanied the furtherance of ,german plans in all countries--a spy in disguise4 ,he says1 in effect--8,yours is a very little country2 in the day of our world-dominance it will be well that you should have our protection40 ,he wants the mouths of the ,scheldt1 and all that furtherance of ,german naval plans which dominance over ,holland would give1 and he offers all that ,germany is prepared to offer to any ally or potential ally4 ,but the ,queen has turned away4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,the ,,envoy ,,to ,,her ,,majesty 8,madam1 your soldiers will get splendid ,prussian uniforms1 and ,your ,majesty will have a place of honour in the retinue of the ,kaiser40 ,the ,german ,band ,the ,german ,band1 as we know it in this country1 has never been noted for harmonious music4 ,blatancy1 stridency1 false notes1 and persistency after the coppers1 have been its chief characteristics4 ,and the same things prevail when it is at home4 ,never since the world began has there been such a campaign of barefaced humbug and lying as that organised by ,william1 ,hindenburg1 ,hollweg and ,co4 for the deceiving and fleecing of the much-tried countries temporarily under their sway4 ,but the money had to be got in by hook or by crook1 and by hook and by crook and in every nefarious way they have milked their unfortunate peoples dry4 ,but there is another side to all this4 ,in time1 the veil of lies and false intelligence of victories in the ,north ,sea1 and at ,verdun1 and1 indeed1 wherever ,germany has fought and failed1 will be rent by the spear of ,truth4 ,then will come the dbcle4 ,and then1 unless every scrap of grit and backbone has been ,prussianised out of the ,teuton1 the revulsion of feeling will sweep the oppressors out of existence2 and ,germany1 released from the strangle-hold1 may rise once more to take the place among the civilised nations of the world which1 by her foul doings of the last two years1 she has deliberately forfeited4 ,,john ,,oxenham ,illustration3 ,,war ,,loan ,,music 8,was blazen die ,trompeten ,moneten heraus80 ,a ,fact ,to understand the true inwardness of this cartoon1 the reader must be familiar with the writings of ,general von ,hartmann1 one of the chief evangelists of ,german methods of warfare4 ,the following gem is extracted from an article by von ,hartmann1 published in #ahgg1 on 8,military ,necessities and ,humanity03-- 8,the warrior has need of passion4 ,it must not1 indeed1 as the result of opposition1 be regarded as a necessary evil2 nor condemned as a regrettable consequence of physical contact2 nor must we seek to restrain and curb it as a savage and brutal force2 for in causing a powerful and exclusive concentration of individual energies it becomes an indispensable agent of the consummation of conflict4 ,every warlike exploit is before all things of a personal nature2 it puts before all else the affirmation of the individual character1 and it demands1 in its agent1 a release from the oppressive rule of the moderating laws of everyday life4444 ,violence and passion are the two levers essential to any warlike action1 and1 we say it advisedly1 of all military greatness40 ,,francis ,,stopford ,illustration3 ,a ,,fact ,this brutalism by ,major ,tille of the ,german ,army on a small boy of ,maastricht was vouched for by an eye-witness4 ,the ,free ,sea ,it is when ,germany's absence of morals is most blatant that her presence of mind comes to the rescue4 ,it is a strange and wonderful mind that she reveals--a weird combination of childishness without its innocence1 of wickedness without its cunning4 ,yet somehow the ,german mental process is sometimes convincing4 ,it is really one of the wonders of the world that it should be so4 ,when a country that stole ,silesia1 ,poland1 ,schleswig1 ,alsace-,loraine1 ,belgium and ,serbia solemnly assures a shocked and startled world that its life-long object is to protect the freedom of small nationalities2 when a ,government1 that kills peaceful passengers by the hundred and torpedoes neutral trading ships1 says it does so in the cause of the freedom of the seas2 when a frenzied ,emperor1 foiled in the effort to conquer ,europe by a surprise attack1 vows that his only purpose is self-defence1 one would think that such talk could deceive nobody--not even the speaker4 ,a child's lie embarrasses but does not mislead its elders4 ,why1 then1 does the ,german lie mislead8 ,or is it that the bully only seems to be believed8 ,the feebler spirits of ,holland would rather believe anything than be forced into the turmoil of war4 ,germany1 as a protector of the weak1 the champion of the small1 they are willing to accept--rather than meet ,germany in arms4 ,nay1 they--the descendants of the greatest seamen1 and to-day dependent on the sea for more than half the country's wealth--would prefer ,germany's guarantee of sea freedom than run the risk of her land atrocities4 ,raemaekers is the enfant terrible of political argument4 ,the ,german contention is childish1 the ,dutch credulity is childish1 and he meets them with a child's demonstration of what the truth would be4 ,three great outlets of the sea are blocked by three brutal figures4 ,we have only to look at them to realise that here are dangerous playmates4 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 ,,the ,,free ,,sea ,germany's idea of what it would make of it for ,holland4 ,belgian ,refugee to ,his ,dutch ,brother ,in this cartoon ,raemaekers endeavours to bring home to his compatriots one lesson of the ,war4 ,that as human nature now is--and especially ,german in-human nature--the only guarantee1 not necessarily of peace but of life1 for the smaller nations on the borders of the ,german ,empire is the provision of a force sufficient to give pause to wanton aggression4 ,a large and more efficient ,army might not have saved ,belgium4 ,it would1 however1 possibly have diverted the ,german advance to another quarter4 ,it would undoubtedly have gained much valuable time for the ,allies in their fight for the cause of freedom and the preservation of small nations4 ,of the importance of a large and efficient ,army to ,holland at the present juncture there can be no question4 ,germany in retreat may invade the territory of the gallant little nation of free people1 whose history is a glorious and eloquent plea for their continued existence as a separate nation1 unless they are prepared to offer effective resistance4 ,often the dying throes of a wild beast involve an unexpectedly wide area in destruction4 ,and if ,germany wins1 ,holland may make up its mind to becoming an appendage of the ,hunnish ,empire4 ,that this is realised by the more thoughtful and prescient ,dutch no one who knows them doubts2 but the wave of prosperity in war time which ,holland has experienced may serve to dull the apprehension of the less suspicious and far-sighted of her people4 ,with the case of the ,belgian refugees before their eyes one may hope that the lesson may strike home4 ,indeed1 we cannot believe that the wrongs of ,belgium will be readily forgotten4 ,the central figure of the cartoon is not less eloquent because the despair that is written upon the face is less emotional than that of the girl and woman1 or even the little boy4 ,but it grips4 ,wisdom1 too often1 alas6 is purchased only with the bitter coin of experience4 ,,clive ,,holland ,illustration3 ,,the ,,belgian ,,refugee ,,to ,,his ,,dutch ,,brother 8,i1 too1 always voted against any increase of my ,army40 ,the 8,falaba0 ,amongst my most treasured possessions is a photograph taken on board the lost ,invincible after the battle of the ,falkland ,islands was over4 ,three-quarters of a mile away ,inflexible is silhouetted against the evening sky1 and between the two ships lies the flotsam of the ,gneisenau1 with #bjj or more ,german sailors clinging to wreckage or swimming for their lives4 ,a few steam pinnaces and cutters are picking up these poor drowning fellows as fast as they can4 ,the fighting navy1 having conquered its foe1 is engaged upon the task1 always dear to it1 of saving life4 ,it is an added pleasure to befriend those who have fought gallantly4 ,i do not know whether ,raemaekers has ever seen this photograph1 but this drawing shows the drowning people1 the wreckage1 exactly reproduced4 ,but here the only boat has itself been smashed by a shot1 so that the last hope of safety of those in the water has been taken from them4 ,and the ship that sinks is not a fighting ship1 and the poor souls struggling for their lives are not fighting men4 ,can these men in the foreground be the sailors of a fighting navy8 ,for the officer of this submarine is not content to warn the ,falaba and give its people a chance to save themselves before sinking her4 ,he has1 indeed1 warned her1 but1 with a refinement of cruelty1 has torpedoed the ship while the women and children were being hastily got off2 and1 not content with this1 has fired on and sunk the boats in which his terrified victims hoped to escape4 ,there is here no artistic exaggeration4 ,the picture is horrible just because it is photographically accurate4 ,it is a hideous negation of all that the word 8navy0 has stood for in every country that has ever possessed one4 ,in nothing does ,raemaekers show his ,dutch blood more than in his savage anger at this gruesome perversion of the sea tradition4 ,for the ,dutch have a great naval history and know the meaning of a seaman's honour4 ,the true sailor is great in his bravery because he is still greater in his chivalry4 ,what will history say of these debauched brutes who revel in their hangman's task8 ,,arthur ,,pollen ,illustration3 8,we have better luck with passenger boats than with war ships1 for they cannot shoot40 ,the 8,katwyk0 ,in this one picture is the whole story of ,german submarine war1 which heeds the presence of neither women nor children1 but strikes swiftly1 secretly1 and without giving its victim the opportunity of defence4 ,not that in war it is demanded that the opponent should be given chance of a fight on equal terms2 for in sea war the whole object of a naval commander is to concentrate an overwhelming superiority of fire on his enemy1 and to destroy4 ,it remained for ,germany1 however1 to apply this doctrine of destruction to mercantile craft and to neutral shipping1 and to conduct war on the principle that war justifies any means1 any barbarity1 even the indiscriminate slaughter of non-combatants4 ,this assassin striking from behind has called the ,british blockade barbarous2 but that blockade at least gives the nation against whom it is exercised a choice between evils1 so much so in fact that all nations recognise it1 and for ages have recognised it1 as part of the procedure of war--no accusation of barbarity was made against ,germany in #ahga for the starvation of the civilian population of ,paris4 ,but this sea-murder is a different thing1 a thing that does not advance the end of the war1 and a sign of a claim on the part of its authors that civilisation cannot allow4 ,it is as if they questioned3 8,since we have a certain power of destruction1 shall we not use it as pleases us80 ,and the answer8 ,there were1 after the sinking of the ,lusitania1 rows of bodies of women and children laid out for identification2 there were many other instances1 almost equally tragic1 and the answers that they afford are eloquent enough4 ,may they be well remembered in the day of settlement4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,the 8,,katwyk0 ,,murder 7,a ,dutch ship of this name was torpedoed by the ,germans47 ,arcades ,ambo ,looking at this cartoon one can understand why ,raemaekers is not persona grata in the ,happy ,fatherland4 ,with half a dozen touches he has changed ,satan from the magnificent ,prince of ,evil whom ,gustave ,dor portrayed into a--,hun4 ,henceforth we shall envisage ,satan as a ,hun1 talking the obscene tongue--now almost the universal language in ,hades--and hailed by right-thinking ,huns as the ,all ,highest ,war ,lord4 ,willy senior must be jealous4 ,with the learned ,professor1 the cartoonist not only produces a composite portrait of all the ,herren ,professoren1 but also drives home the point of his amazing pencil into what is perhaps the most instructive lesson of this monstrous war--the perversion to evil uses of powers originally designed1 nourished1 and expanded to benefit mankind4 ,when the ,furor ,teutonicus has finally expended itself1 we do not envy the feelings of the illustrious chemists who perfected poison gas and liquid fire6 ,will they1 when their hour comes1 find it easy to obey the poet's injunction1 and1 wrapping the mantle of their past about them1 8lie down to pleasant dreams08 ,we are assured that these professors have not exhausted their powers of frightfulness4 ,it may be so4 ,this is certain3 ,such frightfulness will ultimately exhaust them4 ,with this reflection1 we may leave them1 grist to be ground by the mills of ,god4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell ,illustration3 ,,arcades ,,ambo ,,the ,,professor3 8,i have discovered a new mixture which will blind them in half an hour40 ,,satan3 8,you are in very truth my master40 ,neuve ,chapelle ,nothing could be more thoroughly characteristic of the ,prussian mind than its utter misunderstanding of ,england4 ,it exhibits all the characteristics which we are accustomed to associate with 8,german ,thought10 and especially the combination of enormous industry in the accumulation of facts with an utter inability to appreciate such facts as cannot be catalogued and an amazing stupidity in passing judgment even upon the facts which are recognised4 ,thus1 before the outbreak of war1 the ,prussians1 knowing that we were in the main a commercial people1 immediately deduced the conclusion that we should never fight for any other purpose than that of making money4 ,they found themselves in error4 ,similarly1 after our intervention1 they looked up their documents and1 discovering that we had never had a very large army1 concluded that we were not to be reckoned with seriously in the field of military operations4 ,our naval power they allowed for1 for they could count the ships and had them all duly docketed4 ,but our army was 8contemptible10 and would certainly remain so4 ,that a nation1 not originally military1 could transform itself into a nation in arms by the mere action of patriotic enthusiasm and anger was a thing altogether undreamed of in the ,prussian philosophy4 ,the revelation that the thing was so has produced first1 incredulity1 and then a sort of bewilderment1 as if all the foundations of 8scientific thought10 as the ,germans understand it1 had collapsed--as1 indeed1 they had4 ,the thing that has not collapsed is the eternal strength which belongs to a nation utterly convinced with the justice of its cause4 ,the thing is not possible to ,prussians2 but it is possible to ,englishmen1 as the ,prussians are already beginning to know4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton ,illustration3 ,,neuve ,,chapelle ,,order ,,of ,,the ,,crown ,,prince ,,of ,,bavaria3 8,you must give those ,english heavy blows40 ,,tommy 7to prisoners after ,neuve ,chapelle73 8,weren't they heavy80 ,atrocities ,the lecturer1 with true ,german casuistry1 minimises the rhinoceros and magnifies the fly1 so that there is 8very little difference0 between them1 as far as his arguments are concerned4 ,fortunately for the cause of the ,allies1 casuistry is not a military asset2 had it been one1 ,germany would long since have won the war1 and that not only on this count1 for the saying that 8the wish is father to the thought0 is nowhere more true than in ,germany4 ,there1 the people are now firmly convinced that the war was forced on them1 thanks to the casuistry of their leaders2 they honestly believe1 if professorial writings have any sincerity in them1 that the invasion of ,belgium was justified by their need1 and that scraps of paper are only scraps of paper where they1 the chosen nation for the spread of culture1 are concerned2 they believe that ,britain's blockade is barbarous and unjust1 that ,france is an effete nation1 that ,russia is peopled by a horde of savages1 that the starvation of their civilian prisoners instead of exchanging them is a just measure on their part--and many other things which sane reasoning shows to be false4 ,they have1 apparently1 an endless credulity4 ,if one would question the cause for this1 the answer lies in one word--8,pan-,germanism10 that disease which has sapped away the moral fibre of a nation and implanted colossal conceit in its place4 ,no statement is more true than that ,germany is devoid of a sense of humour1 for this sense is in its essence that of proportion1 and not only in her methods of war and her dealings with the rest of the world has ,germany lost all sense of proportion1 but also in her estimate of herself and her place in the scheme of things4 ,a proper sense of proportion is incompatible with ,pan-,germanism4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration3 ,,atrocities ,,the ,,lecturer3 8,from a comparison of the two subjects1 gentlemen1 you will perceive that there is very little difference between ,germany and the ,allies40 8,is it ,you1 ,mother80 ,since the opening of hostilities in the present war the ,scottish regiments have given repeated proofs of a valour which adds new lustre to the great traditions of ,scottish soldiership4 ,through all the early operations--on the retreat from ,mons and at the battles of the ,marne and the ,aisne--the ,royal ,scots ,guards1 the ,scots ,greys1 the ,gordon1 the ,seaforth and the ,argyll and ,sutherland ,highlanders1 the ,king's ,own ,scottish ,borderers gained many fresh laurels by their heroism and undaunted spirit4 ,the ,london ,scottish ,territorials1 too1 have shown a prowess as signal as that of the ,scots of the ,regular ,army2 while the mettle of men of ,scottish descent has made glorious contribution in ,france and elsewhere to the fine records of the ,overseas armies4 ,it is the inevitable corollary that death should levy a heavy toll on ,scottish soldiers in the field4 ,thousands of kilted youth have suffered the fate which ,raemaekers depicts in the accompanying cartoon4 ,it is not1 of course1 only the young ,scot whose thought turns in the moment of death to the hearth of his home with vivid memories of his mother4 ,but the word 8home0 and all that the word connotes often makes a more urgent appeal to the ,scot abroad than to the man of another nationality4 ,there is significance in the fact that1 far as the ,scots are wont to wander over the world's surface1 they should1 under every sky and in every turning fortune1 treasure as a national anthem the song which has the refrain3-- 8,for it's hame1 an' it's hame1 fain wad ,i be1 ,o6 it's hame1 hame1 hame1 to my ain countrie60 ,the ,german soldier in this war would seem to have lost well nigh all touch of humanity4 ,yet the draughtsman here suggests that even the ,german soldier on occasion yields to the pathos of the young ,scot's death-cry for home and mother4 ,there is grim irony in the dying man's blurred vision1 which mistakes the hand of his mortal foe for that of his mother4 ,of such trying scenes is the drama of war composed4 ,,sidney ,,lee ,illustration3 8,,is ,,it ,,you1 ,,mother80 ,germany's ,dummy ,england has without doubt been ,germany's favourite bug-a-boo for the war4 ,once she threatened to exalt ,france to pride of place1 but her allegiance soon returned to ,john ,bull1 and she has left no trick of hate untried to place him in the pillory before her own subjects and neutral nations4 8,let shame10 said ,herr ,maximilian ,harden1 who1 as a ,german-,jew1 may perhaps view the wider issues with some detachment and plead to his adopted people for philosophy and self-control--8let shame spread a thick veil over self-deification and enemy-bedevilment40 ,a futile appeal must this be to a nation that knows no shame1 from its ,emperor to his humblest slave4 ,self-deification is the marrow in ,german bones1 the oil in ,german joints2 while as to bedevilment of the enemy1 in this they naturally excel1 since supreme power of detraction is a complement of envy and jealousy3 the one involves the others4 ,michael's dummy 8,john ,bull0 was1 however1 very clearly made in ,germany1 and ,holland is not deceived4 ,she adjoins ,belgium--a circumstance the man behind the scarecrow perhaps forgot--and they who have been watching ,germany at work in their neighbour's country are not going to be alarmed at this silly ,german 8,john ,bull40 ,they know the real ,john ,bull at first hand1 and his methods of conducting commerce and practising war4 ,it was not ,john ,bull who torpedoed the ,tubantia and committed a thousand other pirate and brigand acts against this neutral power4 ,it was not ,john ,bull who in ,august of last year wrote to the ,burgomaster of little ,wavre and demanded #abj1jjj1 failing which ,wavre would be set on fire and destroyed 8without distinction of persons1 the innocent to suffer with the guilty40 ,holland is staunch1 for she knows that ,germany's care for the weak nations is the good wife's love for the chickens and the butcher's for the lamb4 ,michael would like to thrust his revolver into ,john's hand and pretend afterwards that he had pulled the trigger2 but the smiling ,dutch frontier guard is in no danger of being deceived4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts ,illustration3 ,,michael3 8,boo-hoo60 ,,the ,,dutchman3 8,come out from behind there1 ,michael1 you can't frighten me40 ,,printed ,,in ,,great ,,britain ,,by ,,richard ,,clay ,,and ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,brunswick ,,street1 ,,stamford ,,street1 ,s4,e41 ,,and ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 ,,special ,,notice 33 ,,to ,,purchasers ,,of ,,the 33 8,,land ,,and ,,water0 ,,edition ,,of ,,raemaekers' ,,cartoons ,the 8,land and ,water0 edition of ,raemaekers' ,cartoons will be complete in twenty-six parts4 ,each part will contain ,twelve ,cartoons in colours and ,twelve ,chapters by our most prominent writers4 ,when complete there will be #cab ,cartoons and #cab ,chapters4 ,these cartoons and articles will illustrate and describe every phase of the war in a manner quite distinct from any other war publication1 and when complete1 the parts of which this is the first1 will constitute a short1 vivid and graphic history of the war1 which will live and be treasured long after the mass of literature now being produced is forgotten4 ,these parts are compiled so that when bound the stories and illustrations will be continuous4 ,the twenty-six parts will be divided into two volumes1 thirteen parts to one volume4 ,those who wish to possess the work complete should order the whole of the twenty-six parts immediately from their ,newsagents1 thereby making sure that no one part is missing from the complete set4 ,special ,binding ,cases1 designed by ,mr4 ,raemaekers1 will be available in due course4 8,,land ,,water10 ,,empire ,,house1 ,,kingsway1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,order ,,form ,,to ,,your ,,usual ,,newsagent4 ,kindly reserve for me regularly as they appear the twenty-six fortnightly parts of the 8,land and ,water0 ,edition of ,,raemaekers' ,,cartoons4 ,name ,address ,,printed ,,in ,,great ,,britain ,,by ,r4 ,,clay ,,and ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,,brunswick ,,st41 ,,stamford ,,st41 ,s4,e41 ,,and ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 ,transcriber's ,notes ,spelling inconsistencies were not changed1 as several different people wrote the commentaries4 ,simple typographical errors were corrected2 unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious1 and otherwise left unbalanced4 ,the 8,,special ,,notice0 and order slip at the end of the book originally were found between pages #dh and #di4 ,the sheet of paper on which they were printed appears to have been tipped into the book1 not bound1 and was moved so as to not interrupt the flow of the rest of the book4