,,h]oes ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,,h]oes ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,,botani/s1 ,,zoologi/s1 ,,& ,,geologi/s4 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,p4 ,,m>t9 ,,duncan1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,,vice ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,geological ,,society2 ,,honor>y ,,fell[ ,,( ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,london4 ,,publi%$ ,,"u ,,! ,,direction ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,( ,,g5]al ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,education ,,appo9t$ ,,by ,,! ,,society ,,= ,,promot+ ,,*ri/ian ,,k4 ,,london3 ,,society ,,= ,,promot+ ,,*ri/ian ,,k2 ,,nor?umb]l& ,,av5ue1 ,,*>+ ,,cross2 #dc1 ,,que5 ,,victoria ,,/reet2 #dh1 ,,piccadilly2 ,,& #ace1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,brighton4 ,,new ,,york3 ,e4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,"y ,,& ,,co4 #ahhb4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,illu/ration ,!re is no little difficulty 9 obta9+ correct & reliable life hi/ories ( mo/ ( ! greate/ naturali/s4 ,_m ( ! m5 to :om natural hi/ory sci5ce owes s mu*1 liv$ extremely retir$ & unev5tful lives2 b a few1 & z might h be5 anticipat$1 ! re=m]s & epo* mak]s ( _! respective sci5ces1 h _h _! mo/ int]e/+ biographies well writt54 ,ab/racts ( ^! biographies =m a l>ge portion ( ?is book2 & ! au?or desires to ackn[l$ge ! v copi\s extracts he has made1 f s\rces :i* he has recogniz$ 9 ! prop] places4 ,illu/ration ,,introduction4 ,illu/ration ,mo/ ( u1 on leav+ s*ool or college1 are anxi\s ab\t our future c>e] 9 ! _w1 & conc]n+ h[ we are to live1 & :at w be our occupations4 ,"s "y p :o h f9i%$ _! education1 f9d !mselves 9 com=table circum/ances1 & are apt to look =w>d to an easy life2 b ! majority h a h>d /ruggle be=e !m1 ere !y c hope to be free f c>es & to be successful4 ,yet x usually happ5s1 t ^? y\?s />t+ ) ! v be/ prospects1 d n live s happily1 usefully1 & well1 z ^? :o h to /ruggle ) pov]ty1 & :o ca/+ aside +lori\s ease1 lab\r on p]sev]+ly4 ,x is h>d to believe1 until ! exp]i5ce ( ye>s br+s its v practical pro(s t k is m valuable ?an money2 & !re=e1 h[ to get ri*1 is a pr$om9ant "q ) ! majority ( u4 ,b ! hi/ory ( ! /ruggles & successes ( "s ( ! m5 :o h l$ mo/ useful & beautiful lives1 g5]ally %[s t indu/ry1 p]sev]ance & cont5tm5t h s]v$ !m bett] ?an pecuni>y weal?1 & t ?is has (t5 be5 a s\rce ( tr\ble to !m4 ,!re is no bett] incitem5t to a y\? :o has tri$ to d 8 be/ at s*ool1 & :o is ?9k+ ab\t lead+ a useful1 successful life1 ?an to read ! hi/ory ( ! lives ( ! m5 ^: names are h\sehold words 9 ! bran*es ( k he has le>n$4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 mu* c>e is tak5 to in/ruct "y p ab\t ! nature & uses ( plants1 ! *>act]i/ics ( animals & ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>?4 ,museums are readily visit$1 & little home collections ( plants1 insects1 birds1 & fossils are frequ5tly easily made4 ,natural hi/ory1 9 all its bran*es1 is easily /udi$2 & z "o becomes le>n$ 9 x1 ! names ( _m m51 con/antly1 come be=e ! /ud5t z ! ma/]s ( _! respective subjects4 ,:o has n he>d ( ,l9nu1 ,cuvi]1 & ,lyell8 ,if any "y naturali/ w read ! hi/ory ( ! lives ( ^! great m51 he w f9d mu* t is v noble 9 !m2 he w see t !y made _! way ?r\gh great difficulties1 by con/ant & great intellectual lab\r1 & t !y l$ v good1 & useful1 & happy lives4 ,x may happ5 t any "o j comm5c+ to /udy nature1 is anxi\s to make a great discov]y & to obta9 a great "n4 ,! hi/ory ( ! lives ( ^! & o!r h]oes ( sci5ce1 w prove to him1 h[ev]1 t discov]ies are n sudd5 ga9s ( k1 b are ! result ( v sl[ & gradual accumulation ( facts4 ,if he is a real /ud5t ( nature1 he w /rive = tru? & n = p]sonal di/9ction2 & ! tru?1 br+s a bett] rew>d ?an ! fleet+ praise ( man4 ,! true la/s4 ,he w be able to glean t ! special gifts ( m51 if prop]ly fo/]$ & cultivat$1 advance k 9 p>ticul> directions1 & t c]ta9 great *anges & advances 9 ! me?od ( le>n+1 h be5 due to m5 :o h begun poor1 h lab\r$ h>d1 h be5 p]secut$ & vilifi$1 & :o h nev]!less liv$ happily 9 _! consci5ces1 & h (t5 become great m5 9 e respect4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s conta9 ! hi/ory ( ! lives ( "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ m5 ( anci5t & mod]n times--( m5 :o are ! h]oes ( ,botany1 ,zoology1 & ,geology1 & :o h add$ me?ods ( /udy & _m facts to _! sci5ces4 ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts4 ,illu/ration ,,page4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,infancy ,,( ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,plants4 ,old fancies & notions ab\t plants--,ari/oteles1 ! fir/ botani/--,!ophra/us--,pl9ius--,dioscorid es--,_! lives1 lab\rs1 & tr\bles #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,plants4 ,john ,ray--,joseph de ,t\rne=t--,_! lives #bg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,l9n,,u4 ,! sci5ce ( plants beg9s to mature1 to be re=m$1 & to be made m exact #eb ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,l9n,,u 7,cont9u$74 ,! publication & reception ( ! artificial sy/em ( classify+ plants #ha ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,consolidation ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,plants4 ,! life ( ,de ,c&olle--,! ,natural ,sy/em #ih ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h]oes ,,( ,,zoology4 ,! nature ( ! sci5ce ( zoology--,great zoologi/s usually botani/s also--,ari/oteles z a zoologi/--,pl9ius--,! long age ( no progress--,! life ( ,conrad ,gesn]--,! zoology ( ,ray & ,willughby--,swamm]dam--,raumur--,! zoology ( ,l9nu #abb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,buffon1 ,,p5nant1 ,,& ,,lam>ck4 ,! popul> writ+s ( ,buffon1 & 8 life--,p5nant's life--,lam>ck & 8 life--,! rise ( popul> natural hi/ory1 & ( exact descriptions & philosophical zoology #add ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,cuvi]4 ,! union ( zoology & comp>ative anatomy1 & ! exam9ation & /udy ( fossil rema9s #agh ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,h]oes ,,( ,,geology4 ,! rise ( ! sci5ce :i* treats ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>?--,/ud5ts ( ! pres5t *anges :i* are ! examples by :i* ! pa/ may be compreh5d$--,! ,greeks--,! life ( ,py?agoras2 a notice ( ! geology ( ,ari/oteles--,/rabo's life--,! nature ( fossils & ! life ( ,/5o #bji ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,hutton4 ,! rise ( ! mod]n s*ool ( geology--,! cont9uity ( ! op]ations ( nature & _! sam5ess--,! necessity ( /udy+ ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s 9 ord] to compreh5d ! pa/--,! d5ial ( cata/rophes--,hutton's !ory ( ! e>? ! f\ndation ( sci5tific geology #bba ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,william ,,smi?4 ,! succession ( ! /rata recogniz$--,/rata kn[n by _! fossils1 position1 & m9]al cont5ts--,engl& survey$ by ,smi? & made ! type ( ! results ( ! succession ( *anges /udi$ by geology #bcf ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,mur*ison4 ,! old] rocks ( ! globe /udi$ accurately & survey$--,! g5]al simil>ity ( ! succession ( /rata 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w decid$--,! geology ( ,wales & ,scotl& describ$--,! comm5cem5t ( accurate geological surveys #bge ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,lyell4 ,! /udy ( exi/+ nature & its *anges und]tak5 9 ord] to compreh5d ! pa/ *anges dur+ geological ages--,! uni=mity ( natural op]ations "u law--,cata/rophes aboli%$--,! succession ( life on ! globe1 & t ( ! t]ti>y ages expla9$--,! antiquity ( man & ( ! great ice age e/abli%$ #cjg ,illu/ration ,,h]oes ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,infancy ,,( ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,plants4 ,old fancies & notions ab\t plants--,ari/oteles1 ! fir/ botani/--,!ophra/us--,pl9ius--,dioscorid es--,_! lives1 lab\rs1 & tr\bles4 ,ev]ybody likes to ga!r fl[]s = ! sake ( _! beauty & sc5t1 & mo/ "y p ask ! names & ! uses ( ! plants :i* gr[ !m4 ,^! appe> to h be5 ! que/ions t ! e>lie/ races ( m5 s\ght to answ] = !mselves4 ,!y gave plants names1 & ascrib$ "s tru?ful & a great _m v curi\s & false prop]ties to !m4 ,_m ( ! fir/ races ( m5 liv$ on fruits1 vegetables1 & roots1 & x became important to "k good & n\ri%+ plants f ^? :i* 7 poison\s4 ,! able/ m5 ( ! tribes1 probably1 /udi$ ! names :i* _h be5 giv5 by cu/om to _m plants2 & ! heal+ p[] ( "s plants1 & ! poison\s nature ( o!rs began to be kn[n2 ! good & ill-dispos$ among/ m5 endeav\r$ to le>n all ab\t !m4 ,?us ! fir/ /eps 9 ! sci5ce ( plants 7 to "n !m1 & to ascribe prop]ties to !m4 ,x has (t5 be5 notic$ t !re is "s resemblance betwe5 ! hi/ory ( ! progress ( a sci5ce1 dur+ all ! ages ( civilization1 & t ( ! rise & progress ( "o 9 ! *ild1 y\?1 & man4 ,! *ild receives ev]y?+ t x is told1 z a tru?1 & loves ! wond]ful2 ! y\? likes to he> ( my/]ies1 & 8 emotions & poetic feel+ lead him to desire g5]al tru?s2 & ! man criticizes :at he has be5 told1 tries to le>n = himself1 & longs = exact k & ! absolute tru?4 ,s 9 ! e>ly days ( civilization1 m5 believ$ 9 ev]y?+ t 0 told !m1 & ascrib$ wond]ful prop]ties to ! nature ar\nd !m :i* !y saw 0 s beautiful & yet (t5 s t]rible4 ,z ! _w got old]1 curi\s leg5ds 7 associat$ ) tru?s & falsities2 & ) ! g5]al diffusion ( le>n+1 & ! c>eful ex]cise ( ! reason+ p[]s1 k became m exact & useful1 & 0 foll[$ = tru?'s sake4 ,all bran*es ( k relat+ to nature pass$ ?r\gh _m /ages1 & 7 influ5c$ by ! prevail+ habits & me?ods ( ?\ght ( ! age4 ,! wond]ful1 ! my/]i\s1 ! m>vell\s1 ! union ( poetry ) true & false religion1 ! /ruggle betwe5 ! desire = tru? & fe> ( ! p]secution ( ! ignorant1 & ! victory ( cultivat$ obs]vation & reason1 all foll[$1 9 ord]1 dur+ ! hi/ory ( ! progress ( e sci5ce4 ,a great writ] /ates t x _c !n surprise u t ! e>lie/ lore conc]n+ plants1 :i* we discov] 9 ! records ( ! pa/1 consi/s ( my?ological leg5ds1 m>vell\s relations1 & extraord9>y m$ic9al qualities4 ,to ! lively fancy ( ! ,greeks1 ! n>cissus1 :i* b5ds its head ov] ! /ream1 0 orig9ally a y\? :o1 9 su* an attitude1 became enam\r$ ( 8 own beauty4 ,! hyac9?1 on ^: fl[] c]ta9 m>k+s are to be trac$ resembl+ ! ,greek expression ( grief 771 record$ ! sorr[ ( ! god ,apollo = ! dea? ( 8 fav\rite ,hyac9?us4 ,! beautiful lotus ( ,india1 :i* floats ) its spl5did fl[] on ! surface ( ! wat]1 is ! *os5 seat ( ! goddess ,lack%mi1 ! daught] ( ,ocean4 ,9 ,egypt1 ! god ,osiris swam on a lotus leaf1 & ! lotus-eat]s ( ,hom] lo/ _! love ( home imm$iately4 ,^! leg5ds & odd fancies1 al?\gh believ$ 9 by ! populace ( ! ,ea/]n nations until a late p]iod 9 hi/ory1 7 ( great antiquity & "u diff]5t names ( gods & plants1 h]oes & fl[]s _h be5 h&$ d[n f ! dawn ( civilization4 ,yet ?is 0 n all ! k ab\t plants 9 ^? e>ly ye>s4 ,! m ?\ghtful among/ m5 began to recognize plants by "n & to /udy _! uses4 ,"s m5 7 hunt]s & %eph]ds1 b ) !m 7 ^? :o1 ) g5tl] _s1 till$ ! gr\nd & /or$ ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,:at ^! 71 c be le>n$ f ! pictures 9 ,egyptian pa9t+s4 ,! corn ( ,egypt 0 :eat & b>ley1 & x is int]e/+ to "k t ! :eat 0 ( a k9d t mu/ h be5 produc$ by skill$ cultivation4 ,! v9e comes e>ly into notice 9 ! ,bible1 & x _h be5 /udi$1 = w9e 0 made ( its fruit4 ,solomon lov$ nature1 because x br\ght him into ! pres5ce ( tru? & beauty1 & he 8spoke ( trees f ! c$> tree t is 9 ,lebanon ev5 unto ! hyssop t spr+e? out ( ! wall40 ,?is 0 "p ( 8 wisdom4 ,& ! great travell]1 ,h]odotus1 %[s u t a ta/e = natural hi/ory _h1 9 8 "t1 f\nd a place 9 ! m9d ( ! ,greeks--a great race :o foll[$ aft] ! fir/ *ild-l nature-/udies ( ! ,*aldeans1 ,assyrians1 & ,babylonians _h m]g$ into real k4 ,9 speak+ ( ! luxuriant vegetation ( ! pla9s ( ,babylon--n[ dre>y wa/es--he is s f> f desir+ to a/oni% m]ely1 t he says 8! blades ( :eat & b>ley are full f\r f+]s wide2 b z to ! size ( ! trees :i* gr[ f millet & sesame1 ?\gh ,i c\ld m5tion x ,i w n1 kn[+ well t ^? :o h n be5 9 t c\ntry w h>dly believe :at ,i h said already40 ,x is cle> t :5 ! ,greeks 7 9 ! *ild-l /age ( plant lore1 ! old] races _h pass$ x1 & 7 successful cultivators ( plants t _h requir$ mu* /udy to turn to use4 ,b ! ,greeks soon made am5ds1 & ! tea*] ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,ari/oteles1 tri$ to arrange plants1 & to classify !m accord+ to _! peculi>ities4 ,plants & h]bs _h be5 long us$ z m$ic9e1 & ! poison\s prop]ties ( aconite _h be5 employ$ to de/roy "o ( ! noble/ m5 ( old1 be=e ?is "t1 s t ?is celebrat$ naturali/ _h ! k1 :i* _h be5 accumulat+ = c5turies1 to put 9 ord] & to arrange4 ,ari/oteles 0 born at ,/ageira1 9 ! ye> #chd ,b4,c41 & x is int]e/+ to note t 8 wond]ful love ( nature 0 fo/]$ by1 &1 inde$1 probably arose f ! pr(ession ( 8 fa!r4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! physician & fri5d ( ,amyntas1 ,k+ ( ,mac$onia1 & 8 "m 0 a desc5dant ( ! great physician sculapius4 ,! "y ,ari/oteles lo/ bo? 8 p>5ts at an e>ly p]iod ( 8 life1 b ! son ( ,amyntas1 call$ ,philip1 0 8 fri5d1 & k9d p br\ght ! boy up4 ,we "k no?+ ( ! boy's habits or me?od ( life2 b x c be readily und]/ood by ^? :o read ^! lives1 & h _h a love ( nature1 be=e ! exp]i5ce ( su* a calamity z ! loss ( p>5ts1 t _m an h\r ( sorr[ 0 %ort5$ & solac$ by /udy+ ! graceful & bloom+ plants & ! movem5ts & habits ( animals4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! boy lov$ /udy1 & x soon became evid5t t 8 loss 0 comp5sat$1 z x is v (t5 9 su* cases1 by a _s ( self-reliance4 ,9 8 eighte5? ye> he w5t to ,a!ns to /udy ! heal+ art4 ,:5 ,ari/oteles 0 ab\t tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 ! philosoph] ,plato return$ f ,sicily1 & ! "y man !n seems to h c>$ m = ! /udy ( ! sci5ces :i* 7 requisite = a poli%$ physician1 ?an = ! art ( heal+4 ,he made 8 fir/ self-sacrifice1 z _m a man has done s9ce2 he gave up ! unc]ta9ties ( ! art ( cur+ diseases1 & le>n$ natural hi/ory & philosophy4 ,8 eag]ness = k & 8 extraord9>y acut5ess & sagacity d\btless attract$ ,plato's notice1 :o soon call$ him 8! intellect ( ! s*ool10 & said 8 h\se 0 8! h\se ( ! read]40 ,z ,ari/oteles grew up1 8 e>ly tra9+ & 8 love ( ! tru? se5 9 nature1 began to sep>ate him f ! common run ( m51 & 8 self-reliance began to make him an antagoni/ to ! tea*+s ev5 ( ! great ,plato4 ,b ?is opposition 0 n t ( a va9 & conceit$ "y man4 ,plato _h notic$ 8 ability1 & he 0 really a man ( m>k1 ^: op9ions 7 valuable4 ,ari/oteles /udi$ facts1 & knew _m tru?s ab\t natural hi/ory1 b 8 wond]ful ma/] c>$ m = ideas4 ,su* m5 mu/ always cla%1 & ,ari/oteles writes 9 "o ( 8 books ab\t 8 opposition to ! philosophy ( ,plato1 t x is pa9ful to refute ! doctr9e ( ideas1 z x has be5 introduc$ by p]sons :o 7 8 fri5ds2 8nev]!less x is a duty to disreg>d su* private feel+s1 = bo? philosoph]s & tru? are de> to me1 b x is "r to give ! pref]5ce to tru?40 ,tru?6 :at is tru?8 said ,pilate1 & turn$ f ! true4 ,! ,creator's light1 se5 ) our long+ eyes1 preci\s beyond conception1 ! sweete/ solace ( intellect2 :at is1 :at 0--yet n to be def9$ by f9ite man4 ,! v root ( sci5ce1 x is t :i* we are to hold 9 our consci5ces aga9/ all opposition4 ,appreciat$ by ! savage1 de> to pagan1 ! pride ( ! ,*ri/ian1 ! giv] ( confid5ce among/ all m54 ,h>d to get at1 yet x is at ! f\ndation ( all ^? bran*es ( k :i* relate to ! /udy ( ! ,creation4 ,ari/oteles /udi$ natural hi/ory1 t is1 ! plants & animals :i* came be=e him1 especially4 ,he record$ _! description1 not$ _! reproduction1 & tri$ to make out _! resemblances4 ,he notic$ ! gr[? ( ?+s1 & ! decay ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 & hav+ ! facts & tru?s be=e him1 he argu$ ^u !m4 ,8 ma/]1 ,plato1 0 n a naturali/1 b accept+ ! tru?s h&$ d[n to him by ^? :o 7 obs]v]s ( nature1 he g5]aliz$ ab\t !m1 & got ideas by ?9k+ out ! be>+s ( ! tru?s4 ,he lov$ ! ideal1 & wrote1 8,behold ?is _w6 ,y w f9d t its effici5t cause is ,god1 by :om x 0 br\ght into be+2 its mov+ cause1 ! goodness ( ! ,creator40 ,he c\ld no m occupy "t by /udy+ ! /ructure ( ! fl[]s1 plants1 & sea-%ells1 ?an ,ari/oteles c\ld 9 imag9+ or speculat+ on ! causes ( ?+s4 ,bo? desir$ ! tru?1 & tri$ to get x 9 diff]5t mann]s2 b z at ! pres5t day !re are moral philosoph]s & naturali/s ) totally diff]5t k9ds ( m9d & habits ( ?\ght1 s 9 ^? old days ! ma/] & pupil nev] work$ toge!r4 ,! ma/] gave way to 8 gr& imag9ation1 & ! pupil 0 /rictly a matt]-(-fact man4 ,ari/oteles rema9$ at ,a!ns until he 0 ?irty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 :5 ! dea? ( ,plato1 9 #cdg ,b4,c41 happ5$4 ,be=e t "t1 h[ev]1 he _h become a man ( note1 & ! ,a!nians s5t him on an embassy to 8 fri5d & =m] patron1 ,philip ( ,mac$on4 ,x appe>s t he 0 able to s]ve 8 adopt$ c\ntry2 b he made a mi/ake :i* all naturali/s %\ld avoid--he became a politician4 ,8 position at ,a!ns became uncom=table1 & he left ! city aft] ! dea? ( ,plato1 &1 accompani$ by a fell[-disciple ( ! great tea*]1 w5t into ,asia ,m9or4 ,!y 7 invit$ by ! ,pr9ce ( ,at>neus1 nam$ ,h]meias1 :o _h receiv$ lessons f ,ari/oteles4 ,?is man 0 once ! slave ( a bank]1 & :5 at ,a!ns receiv$ a lib]al education4 ,return+ to 8 native c\ntry1 he f\ght = ,eubulus1 ! ,k+ ( ,at>neus1 successfully aga9/ ! ,p]sians4 ,on ! dea? ( ,eubulus he 0 rais$ to ! ?rone1 & gladly welcom$ "o ( ! m5 :o _h giv5 him k1 &1 !re=e1 p[]4 ,! romance ( ,ari/oteles' life foll[$ quickly1 =1 un=tunately1 ,h]meias 0 captur$ by ! ,p]sians "u a ,greek g5]al1 aft] ,ari/oteles _h be5 ?ree ye>s ) him4 ,he 0 put to dea?1 & ,ari/oteles fl$ to ,mityl5e1 ! *ief city ( ! neighb\r+ isl& ( ,lesbos4 ,h]meias _h a si/]1 ,py?ias1 & ,ari/oteles1 kn[+ h] excell5t "* & disposition1 & be+ aw>e ( ! sad fate :i* %e w\ld suff]1 7 %e to fall into ! h&s ( ! ,p]sians1 m>ri$ h]1 & %e accompani$ him 9 8 flight4 ,%e made him an excell5t wife1 & ,ari/oteles _h always a f]v5t & s9c]e affection = ! patriotic & philosophical pr9ce 8 fri5d4 ,aft] two ye>s' resid5ce 9 ,mityl5e1 ,ari/oteles 0 invit$ by ,philip to return to ,mac$onia1 to sup]9t5d ! education ( 8 son ,alex&]1 ! future ,alex&] ! ,great1 !n f\rte5 ye>s old4 ,he 0 ) ?is v able pr9ce dur+ ab\t f\r ye>s1 & in/ruct$ him 9 morality1 politics1 & natural hi/ory4 ,x 0 a /range position = a /ud5t ( nature to occupy1 & t he did 8 duty to 8 pupil is evid5t4 ,x is ! univ]sal op9ion t mu* t 0 admirable 9 ! "* ( ,alex&] ! ,great 0 due to ! influ5ce ( ,ari/oteles4 ,! great conqu]or 0 fond ( lit]ature1 delight$ 9 physical & ev5 m$ical pursuits1 s\ght ! intimacy ( m5 :o ?\ght1 r ?an t ( m5 :o _h no o!r recomm5dation ?an titles & ri*es1 & 0 devot$ to ! /udy ( nature4 ,^! 7 ! fruits ( ,ari/oteles' in/ruction1 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,alex&] diff]$ entirely 9 8 conduct f ! brutal conqu]ors :o h be51 ov] & ov] aga91 ! sc\rge & curse ( mank9d4 ,ari/oteles lo/ 8 wife dur+ ?is "t1 & %e left him an only daught]4 ,!n ,philip 0 assass9at$1 & 8 son reign$ at ,mac$on = two ye>s1 & !n began 8 great exp$ition into ,asia4 ,ari/oteles accompani$ 8 pupil to ,a!ns1 & p>t$ ) him nev] to see him aga91 b /ill to influ5ce him = ye>s4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ,ari/oteles recomm5d$ a relation1 nam$ ,calli/h5es1 to ! "y k+1 & x 0 ! cause ( a rupture ( fri5d%ip 9 ye>s to come4 ,left to himself1 our h]o resolv$ to op5 a s*ool = ! b5efit ( ! ,a!nian y\?1 & to tea* good le>n+ 9 philosophy & nature4 ,he *ose a h\se ne> a temple ( ,apollo ,lyceius1 :i* 0 call$ ! 8,lyceum10 & atta*$ to x 0 a g>d5 ) walks1 :]e ! in/ruction 0 giv54 ,! ,greek ^w = ! walks 0 p]ipatua1 & ! s*ool 0 call$ t ( ! p]ipatetics4 ,8 habit 0 to give "o lecture 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! day1 on ! m difficult p>ts ( 8 tea*+1 to 8 m advanc$ /ud5ts2 & ?is 0 call$ ! morn+ walk1 & la/$ till ! h\r :5 p dress$ & ano9t$ !mselves4 ,ano!r lecture1 call$ ! ev5+ walk1 0 on m popul> subjects1 & to a l>g] & less select class4 ,x 0 dur+ ^! ?irte5 ye>s ( tea*+ t ,ari/oteles compos$ & complet$ ! great] "p ( 8 works :i* h desc5d$ to our days4 ,among/ !m are treatises on natural hi/ory1 ! result ( 8 own obs]vations & ( ! c>efully select$ works ( o!rs4 ,8 great pupil nev] =got 8 ma/] dur+ 8 victori\s c>e]1 & ,alex&] is said to h s5t ,ari/oteles ! enorm\s sum ( eight hundr$ tal5ts to prosecute 8 /udies 9 natural hi/ory4 ,he1 moreov]1 ord]$ sev]al ?\s&s ( p]sons ov] ! :ole ( ,greece & ,asia1 :o liv$ by hunt+1 bird-cat*+1 & fi%+1 or :o _h ! c>e ( p>ks1 h]ds1 hives1 /ews1 & avi>ies1 to furni% ,ari/oteles ) mat]ials = a "w on animals4 ,two volumes on plants 7 writt5 by ,ari/oteles1 b !y are lo/ to u2 & he influ5c$ ! botani/s ( 8 day by 8 great exactitude ( description & obs]vation4 ,ari/oteles' writ+s & tea*+ embrac$ a great v>iety ( subjects1 & !y 7 s g5u9e t he became ! lead] ( "o ( ! pr9cipal s*ools ( ,greece2 & 8 me?od ( /udy & _m ( 8 facts & ideas h influ5c$ mank9d d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,8 works 7 mu* /udi$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & al?\gh 8 books on botany h be5 lo/1 /ill he influ5c$ ! /udy ( botany ?r\gh 8 pupil1 ,!ophra/us1 :o became ! great light ( aft] ye>s4 ,!re is "o po9t ab\t ,ari/oteles' "* :i* ev]ybody mu/ admire1 & x 0 ! gratitude he felt = ! good fri5ds ( 8 y\? & ( ! days ( /ruggl+ upw>ds 9 8 c>e]4 ,x has be5 notic$ t he 0 br\ght up by k9d p4 ,!y 7 n relations1 b probably 7 appo9t$ 8 gu>dians by 8 fa!r4 ,!y 7 ,prox5us & 8 wife1 citiz5s ( ,at>neus1 :o _h left t city & _h be5 long resid5t 9 ,/ageira4 ,n only 7 !y ! good fri5ds ( ! boy1 b !y evid5tly br\ght him 9 contact ) ,h]meias1 :o subsequ5tly became ! pr9ce ( ! place & ,ari/oteles' fa/ fri5d & bro!r-9-law4 ,ari/oteles te/ifi$ 8 gratitude to 8 fri5ds by direct+ 9 8 w t /atues ( !m1 z well z ( 8 p>5ts1 %\ld be set up at 8 exp5se4 ,he likewise educat$ _! son1 ,nicanor1 to :om he gave 8 daught] 9 m>riage4 ,:il/ gr[+ old he wrote a beautiful poem1 :i* is /ill to be read1 prais+ ! virtues ( 8 fri5d & patron1 ,h]meias4 ,b success 9 life is sure to produce envy & ho/ility1 & ,ari/oteles 0 no exception to ?is rule4 ,a *>ge 0 made aga9/ him ( impiety1 & t he _h made a god ( 8 fri5d ,h]meias4 ,su* *>ges 7 n uncommon 9 ^? days4 ,socrates1 "o ( ! greate/ & pure/ ( m51 _h be5 accus$ ( impiety a few ye>s be=e1 & t tea*] ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ! ma/] & fri5d ( ,plato1 _h be5 condemn$ & poison$4 ,! *>ges 7 absurd en\gh1 b ! judges 7 ignorant1 & sunk 9 paganism1 & almo/ inv>iably took ! side ( ! accus]4 ,inde$1 all ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( ! progress ( ! rise ( civilization !re 7 m5 :o tea*+ a false religion1 accus$ ! bright lights ( g5ius1 sci5ce1 & wit1 ( irreligion4 ,! false prie/ & ! fight+ class1 ) r>e exceptions1 h always p]secut$ ! lead]s 9 sci5ce1 & h antagoniz$ progress1 except 9 _! own int]e/s4 ,:5 ! *>ge 0 made aga9/ ,ari/oteles1 ,alex&] ! ,great 0 dead1 & ! great tea*]1 kn[+ full well :at w\ld be ! result ( ! trial1 quitt$ ,a!ns & took refuge 9 ,*alcis1 9 ,euba1 say+ t he wi%$ to prev5t ! ,a!nians twice runn+ aga9/ philosophy1 allud+ to ! judicial murd] ( ,socrates4 ,b ,ari/oteles' "w 0 ne>ly end$1 & ! slightly made1 delicate1 & s5sitive man sank dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( 8 exile1 9 ! sixty-?ird ye> ( 8 age4 ,a great writ] on moral philosophy1 ! man ^: c>e] has j be5 notic$ w always rema9 a ma/] 9 natural hi/ory subjects also4 ,he 0 really a great] /ud5t ( animal life ?an ( plants2 b x appe>s t 8 me?od ( /udy ( botany1 & mu* ( 8 k1 h desc5d$ to u1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 c>eful tea*+1 ?r\gh 8 pupil ,!ophra/us4 ,a great writ] rem>ks t 8ev]y:]e ,ari/oteles obs]ves ! facts ) att5tion2 he comp>es !m ) sagacity1 & endeav\rs to rise to ! qualities !y h 9 common40 ,he f\nd ! /udy ( plants 9 its v infancy & load$ ) *ild-l & wond]ful /ories1 & he reject$ ! nons5se & /udi$ :at 0 to be obs]v$ by any "o 9 nature4 ,9 fact1 he took ! fir/ /ep :i* a well-educat$ boy ( ! pres5t c5tury does 9 try+ to le>n nature unaid$4 ,he obs]v$ z correctly z possible1 took notes ( 8 obs]vations1 comp>$ ! obs]vations made on "o plant ) ^? record$ ab\t ano!r1 & tri$ to expla9 or discov] ! ?+s :i* 7 common to bo?4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$ t ! botanical "w ( ,ari/oteles exi/s z "p ( ! sy/ems ( botany ( ! pres5t day2 b he cle>ly gave ! me?od ( h[ to /udy1 by insi/+ on ! sup]ior value ( obs]v$ facts1 ov] notions & preconceiv$ ideas ab\t ?+s4 ,! *ildhood ( ! sci5ce pass$ ) him4 ,! "n ( ,!ophra/us has be5 notic$ z t ( ! pupil ( ,ari/oteles1 & x is "o :i* w always be m5tion$ ) respect by /ud5ts ( natural hi/ory4 ,he 0 born at ,eresus1 on ! isl& ( ,lesbos2 b ! date ( 8 bir? is unc]ta92 moreov]1 no?+ is kn[n ( 8 e>ly y\?1 except t 8 "n 0 ,tyrtamus4 ,8 e>ly education mu/ h be5 good1 & he 0 s5t to /udy at ,a!ns by 8 fa!r1 & to be a pupil ( ,plato4 ,becom+ a fri5d ( ,ari/oteles1 ?is great man1 *>m$ ) ! abilities1 & especially ) ! beautiful pronunciation & oratory ( ! y\?1 gave him ! "n ( ,!ophra/us1 or "o :o speaks div9ely4 ,!ophra/us /udi$ ) ,plato1 & on ! dea? ( 8 ma/]1 left ! academy & mix$ ) ! turbul5t politics ( ! day1 b 9 a truly patriotic _s4 ,he 0 abs5t f ,a!ns = _m ye>s1 & ! hi/orian ,plut>* writes t ,!ophra/us deliv]$ 8 c\ntry twice f ! oppression ( tyrants4 ,"o ( ! defeat$ at ! battle ( ,*rona1 ,!ophra/us return$ to ,a!ns1 gave up ! milit>y life1 & became ! fav\rite pupil ( ,ari/oteles 9 ! ,lyceum4 ,!ophra/us became an e>ne/ /ud5t ( ,ari/oteles' tea*+1 & 8 s+ul> grace ( expression & k ( 8 "m tongue soon made him a prom95t philosoph]4 ,:5 ,ari/oteles retir$1 8 pupil became 8 successor2 & z he comb9$ ! k ( t tea*] ) ! eloqu5ce ( ,plato1 8 success 0 extraord9>y4 ,! numb] ( 8 pupils1 on "o occasion1 is said to h am\nt$ to two ?\s& :o flock$ ar\nd him f all p>ts ( ,greece4 ,he soon began to feel ! effects ( 8 well-des]v$ & useful success ^u ! envi\s m9ds ( ! m5 :o _h caus$ ! retirem5t ( ,ari/oteles4 ,& ?is envy & malice 7 r5d]$ all ! m int5se because1 hav+ be5 a gallant soldi]1 & be+ a great tea*] ( advanc$ k1 ,!ophra/us became an au?ority on all intellectual subjects4 ,a man 0 put =w>d by a p>ty 9 ! ,/ate1 to br+ ! same *>ge ( impiety aga9/ ,!ophra/us :i* _h succe$$ 9 ! in/ances ( ,socrates & ,ari/oteles4 ,b ,!ophra/us plead$ 8 own cause be=e ! ,areopagus ) su* conv9c+ eloqu5ce t he 0 pron\nc$ innoc5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 accus] w\ld h fall5 a victim to ! false *>ge he _h br\ght1 _h n 8 noble-m9d$ antagoni/ plead$ = 8 p>don4 ,aft] ?is ev5t ! tea*] pursu$ 8 c\rse ( public tea*+ & private rese>* )\t any mole/ation = ye>s4 ,8 s*ool increas$ 9 reputation1 & ! mo/ di/+ui%$ s*ol>s ( ! day 7 memb]s ( x4 ,demetrius ,phal]eus1 rul] ( ! ,/ate1 0 "o ( ! /ud5ts 9 8 y\?1 & he protect$ ,!ophra/us & patroniz$ him 9 e way4 ,botany 0 n ! /ronge/ subject ( ?is great man1 & probably :at he knew ab\t x 0 l>gely d]iv$ f ! tea*+ ( ,ari/oteles2 b evid5tly 8 "w on plants 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ t 0 writt5 ) any?+ l sci5tific precision4 ,nev]!less1 ,!ophra/us add$ mu* orig9al matt]1 = he _h a botanic g>d51 & he collect$ plants dur+ 8 travels 9 ,greece4 ,8 milit>y fri5ds kept him suppli$ ) specim5s ( ,asiatic1 ,egyptian1 & ,arabian plants1 & ) descriptions ( _! natures & peculi>ities1 "s ( :i* 7 true & o!rs q imag9>y4 ,:at 0 true & :at 0 n true 0 frequ5tly a puzzle to ?is philosoph]1 z x is to mod]n naturali/s4 ,he wrote1 8,! drug sell]s & root cutt]s tell u "s ?+s :i* may be true1 b o!r ?+s :i* are m]ely solemn quack]y4 ,?us !y direct u to ga!r "s plants1 /&+ f ! w9d & ) our bodies ano9t$2 "s by night1 "s by day1 "s be=e ! sun falls on !m4 ,s f> !re may be some?+ 9 _! rules2 b o!rs are too fanta/ical & f>-fet*$4 ,x is1 p]haps1 n absurd to use a pray] 9 pluck+ a plant2 b !y g fur!r ?an ?is4 ,we are to draw a sword ?ree times r\nd ! m&ragora1 & to cut x look+ to ! we/2 aga91 to dance r\nd x1 & to use obsc5e language1 z ^? :o s[ cum9 %\ld utt] blasphemies4 ,aga91 we are to draw a l9e r\nd ! black hellebore1 /&+ to ! ea/1 & pray+2 & to avoid an eagle ei!r on ! "r or on ! left2 = !y say if an eagle be ne>1 ! cutt] w die 9 a ye>40 ,?is 0 ! nons5se1 out ( :i* ,!ophra/us _h to extricate ! true wisdom ( plants1 & he tri$ to put aside fancies1 leg5ds1 & ! op9ions ( m51 & to puzzle out ! mean+ ( ! simil>ities & diff]5ces ( plants1 by fir/ ( all le>n+ & describ+ _! con/ruction1 habits1 me?ods ( gr[?1 & increase4 ,only a fragm5t ( ! la/ ( t5 books on plants writt5 by ,!ophra/us has come d[n to u4 ,! writ+s made su* an impression on ! /ud5ts t _! g5]al be>+ has be5 transmitt$1 & ! ma9 po9ts are z foll[s4 ,!ophra/us classifi$ plants by ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 reproduc$1 ! localities :]e !y 7 f\nd1 _! size1 z trees or %rubs or h]bs1 & accord+ to _! uses1 z furni%+ juices1 pot-h]bs1 & se$s t may be eat54 ,! fir/ book treat$ ( ! p>ts ( ! plant--! root1 /em1 leaves1 fl[]1 & se$1 & ! second ( ! mann] 9 :i* plants se$1 & ! prop] times = s[+ se$s1 & h[ to s[4 ,9 ?is "p he m5tions t "s plants1 evid5tly ( ! same k9d1 h se$ & o!rs n1 or t !re are diff]5t sexes 9 plants1 ! female be>+ ! se$4 ,t he 0 a practical obs]v] is prov$ by 8 writ+s on ! me?od ( ! reproduction 9 ! great palm trees1 :i* are su* /rik+ features 9 ! ,ea/4 ,moreov]1 he /udi$ ! way 9 :i* figs grew & ! se$ became f]tile1 & he comp>$ ! reproduction ( ! fig ) t ( ! palm tree4 ,! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? books are devot$ to a consid]ation ( trees1 _! v>i\s k9ds1 ! places !y come f1 & ! economical uses to :i* !y may be appli$4 ,! six? book treats ( w9t] %rubs & spr+ plants2 ! sev5? ( pot-h]bs2 ! eigh? ( plants yield+ se$s us$ = food2 & ! n9? ( ^? plants t yield useful juices1 gums1 res9s1 & o!r exudations4 ,! love ( ! m>vell\s1 h[ev]1 creeps 9 "h & !re1 & among/ good facts !re are v consid]able 8t\gh y>ns20 b ^! come f ! old soldi]s ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,!re is "o ?+ mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! works ( ?is man1 & x is ! desire he _h to make 8 k useful to mank9d4 ,?is is especially notic$ 9 ano!r "w on ! causes ( plants1 ( :i* six p>ts rema9 to ! pres5t day4 ,x is really a "w on g>d5+ & f>m+1 ) a good deal ( pure & appli$ k on botany4 ,x is n ev]ybody1 n[adays1 t c comb9e :at is sci5tific1 t is to say1 exact k1 ) useful & appli$ k4 ,too frequ5tly ! sci5tific botani/ does n tea* g>d5+ or f>m+2 & c]ta9ly1 z a rule1 ! writ]s on ^! la/ subjects are n sci5tific botani/s1 &1 inde$1 !y are (t5 ( a v diff]5t k9d ( m9d4 ,x has be5 said ( ! works ( ,!ophra/us t !re is mu* valuable matt] 9 !m t des]ves ! att5tion ( ! botani/1 & t a v little k ( botany w enable ! read] to sep>ate ! *aff f ! :eat4 ,s not$ 0 ! le>n+ ( ?is great man on o!r subjects1 t 8 good "w on plants rema9$ ! text-book ( c5turies2 &1 9 fact1 little or no satisfactory k ab\t plants1 beyond t giv5 to u by ,ari/oteles & ,!ophra/us1 0 discov]$ = _m c5turies4 ,! fall ( ,demetrius f p[] remov$ ! protector ( ,!ophra/us1 & ! ignorant anti-educationali/ p>ty ( ! day reviv$ _! p]secutions4 ,9 ! ye> #cje ,b4,c4 a political noodle manag$ to frame a law1 & to get x pass$ by ! rul+ body ( ! day1 :i* =bade all philosoph]s "u pa9 ( dea? to give any public in/ruction )\t p]mission ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is curi\s law 0 pass$ 9 ord] to prev5t ! education ( ! p be+ advanc$1 & ! result 0 t ,!ophra/us & sev]al o!r tea*]s left ,a!ns4 ,good s5se1 h[ev]1 seems to h prevail$ ov] ignorance & ho/ility to le>n+1 & ! law 0 aboli%$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,moreov]1 ! propos] ( x 0 f9$ ! great sum ( five tal5ts = 8 folly4 ,!n ,!ophra/us return$ to ,a!ns1 & taught !re until he di$4 ,! :ole population foll[$ 8 body to ! grave4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t ! writ+s ( ,ari/oteles & ,!ophra/us on plants1 7 n improv$ ^u = _m hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,!y 7 bo? obs]v]s ( nature1 & _! works conta9$ all ! k on ! subject1 ( _! "t4 ,:5 ! ,romans obta9$ ! supremacy 9 ,europe1 & _h possessions 9 ,asia & 9 ,africa1 m5 7 n f\nd among/ !m :o c\ld add to ! k ( ! ,greeks ab\t plants2 s ! books ( ! two great m5 :o 7 ! fa!rs ( botany 7 simply copi$ by _! successors1 or criticiz$1 & d\btful novelties 7 add$4 ,!re 7 _m ,roman writ]s on agriculture1 b few wrote on ! nature & /ructure ( plants1 & among/ !m ! mo/ celebrat$ 0 ,caius ,pl9ius ,secundus1 commonly call$ ,pl9y ! ,eld]4 ,:]e ?is great man 0 born is n kn[n1 b possibly x 0 at ,como4 ,he 0 ( noble family1 ent]$ ! army1 & became a di/+ui%$ soldi]4 ,he 0 appo9t$ ,augur at ,rome1 & subsequ5tly _h supreme p[] 9 ,spa94 ,^! 7 n app>5tly ! positions :i* 7 likely to /imulate a "y man ( weal? to /udy natural hi/ory1 & c]ta9ly1 9 lat] days1 ! milit>y man & active politician h n prov$1 z a rule1 en?usia/ic /ud5ts ( plants & animals4 ,want ( "t & incl9ation are1 ( c\rse1 ! usual excuses ( su* m51 & ! love ( luxury & ( intellectual idl5ess might be add$ also4 ,nev]!less !re is an in/ance 9 ! case ( ! eld] ,pl9ius1 :]e a man1 greatly & importantly occupi$1 sp5t mu* "t 9 /udy+ nature1 9 compil+ ! obs]vations made by 8 pr$ecessors1 & 9 writ+ books :i* h giv5 him a fame :i* w la/ ) ! _w4 ,9 summ] he began 8 "w z soon z x 0 light2 9 w9t]1 g5]ally at "o 9 ! morn+--nev] lat] ?an two1 & sometimes e>li]4 ,no man1 writes 8 nephew1 sp5t less "t 9 b$1 & sometimes he w\ld1 )\t retir+ f 8 books1 indulge 9 a %ort sleep1 & !n pursue 8 /udies4 ,be=e daybreak he w5t to ! ,emp]or ,vespasian1 :o *ose to transact bus9ess at t h\r1 & :5 ! ,emp]or _h f9i%$1 ,pl9ius return$ to 8 /udies4 ,aft] a sl5d] repa/ at noon1 he w\ld 9 ! summ] recl9e 9 ! sun1 & dur+ ! "t "s book 0 read to him1 & he made extracts f ! au?or4 ,he us$ to say t 8no book 0 s bad b some?+ might be le>n$ f x40 ,aft] ?is he _h a cold ba? & took refre%m5t & re/4 ,?us re9vigorat$1 he resum$ 8 /udies until supp]1 :5 a book 0 read to him1 & he made rem>ks on x4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 mu/ h be5 an occasional me?od ( pass+ ! day1 = no man c\ld live )\t "s h\rs ( ex]cise & sleep4 ,probably he retir$ to sleep at eight "u ^! circum/ances1 & _h a good sleep 9 ! hot h\rs ( ! day4 ,:5 9 ! c\ntry all 8 "t 0 devot$ to /udy1 except :5 he slept & ba!d4 ,he is said to h us$ a c>riage in/ead ( walk+1 &1 un=tunately1 b naturally1 he got weak lungs & became corpul5t4 ,pl9ius lab\r$ = _m ye>s at natural hi/ory & ! o!r sci5ces1 & he 0 a mo/ dilig5t collector ( in=mation4 ,a w>rior & a /atesman1 yet he contriv$ to write a va/ numb] ( works1 8 books on natural hi/ory alone am\nt+ to tw5ty-sev5 volumes4 ,he appe>s to h kn[n all t x 0 possible to "k at 8 age ( ! _w1 & yet !re 0 no great am\nt ( new "w put into 8 books4 ,x has be5 v prop]ly said t ! l(t9ess ( 8 ideas & ! nobl5ess ( 8 /yle enhance /ill m 8 pr(\nd le>n+4 ,naturally1 z he copi$ mu* f o!r writ]s1 & especially1 9 "o "p ( botany :i* relates to m$ic9e1 f an au?or nam$ ,dioscorides1 he c\ld n exam9e into ! tru? ( e /atem5t :i* _h be5 made4 ,h5ce ,pl9ius retail$ "s curi\s /ories n[ & !n1 :i* are m amus+ ?an true2 b1 on ! :ole1 he e/abli%$1 on solid gr\nds1 ! le>n+ ( 8 own & previ\s ages4 ,?is active-m9d$ man1 :o liv$ 9 luxury & _h great responsibilities1 is an example to _m ( ! same class :o d n c>e to enjoy ! /udy ( ! beautiful nature ar\nd !m4 ,he lo/ 8 life :il/ endeav\r+ to su/a9 ! c\rage ( 8 fri5ds1 dur+ ! great eruption ( ,vesuvius1 :5 ! cities ( ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum 7 de/roy$4 ,he 0 on %ore at ! "t1 & probably 0 suffocat$ by noxi\s fumes4 ,! "n ( ,dioscorides has be5 m5tion$ z t ( an au?or kn[n to ,pl9ius2 he 0 born 9 ,cilicia1 at ,anaz>bus1 & fl\ri%$ dur+ ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,n]o4 ,no?+ is kn[n ab\t 8 e>ly life1 b x appe>s t he 0 a soldi]1 & possibly connect$ ) ! surgical & m$ical art 9 ! army4 ,c]ta9 x is t he travell$ ov] _m c\ntries--,greece1 ,italy1 ,gaul1 & ,asia ,m9or--ga!r+ plants & /udy+1 n s mu* _! /ructures & mutual resemblances & diff]5ces1 z _! m$ical or heal+ p[]s4 ,he obta9$ plants f travell]s 9 ,india1 & le>n$ ! m]its ( h]bs & drugs f _m nations4 ,he wrote on ! sub/ances us$ 9 m$ic9e 9 a ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 & nam$ & briefly describ$ betwe5 five & six hundr$ m$ic9al plants4 ,un=tunately ,dioscorides wrote 9 a c>eless mann]1 & !re is mu* nons5se mix$ up ) tru? 9 8 writ+s4 ,b he 0 ( use2 he 0 n m]ely a /ud5t ( ! beauties ( nature1 b ( ! value ( c]ta9 plants to man 9 8 pa9 & tr\ble1 & he f\nd$ ! sci5ce ( m$ical botany4 ,ari/oteles1 ,!ophra/us1 ,pl9ius1 & ,dioscorides are ! m5 ( m>k :o rais$ botany & plant-le>n+ out ( _! infancy & gave !m a y\?ful vig\r4 ,!y plac$ ! me?od ( le>n+1 on its "r basis4 ,in/ead ( imag9+ :at 0 true1 & !n collect+ & /udy+ plants to prove ! correctness ( ! imag9$ notion1 !y began 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!y /rove to le>n & discov] facts1--tru?s1 & !n reason$ ^u !m4 ,ignorant p1 & ^? m5 :o h ! m9ds ( *ildr51 always l _! op9ions & ideas bett] ?an facts1 & especially if ! facts w n fit 9 ) _! notions4 ,su* p d n "k h[ h>d x is to f9d out ! tru? 9 nature1 h[ difficult x is = f9ite man to compreh5d inf9ite wisdom4 ,?is 0 z true =m]ly z x is n[1 & h5ce ! me?od ( le>n+1 taught by ! e>li] ( ^? great m51 0 oppos$ to ! und]/&+s ( ! majority ( _! fell[ m54 ,!y tr\bl$ ! complac5t ignorance ( ! day1 & 7 !re=e p]secut$4 ,l brave m51 !y did n c>e = p]secution1 kn[+ t !y did n des]ve ! wick$ *>ges br\ght aga9/ !m2 !y p]sev]$1 & n only enjoy$ life mu* m ?an _! oppon5ts1 b l$ good & useful lives4 ,! works ( ^! m5 7 /udi$ by all ! le>n$1 dur+ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s & m2 !y 7 ! text-books ( sci5ce dur+ :at are call$ ! d>k or middle ages1 & al?\gh n[ out ( date1 !y 7 ! good se$s ( k1 s[n 9 difficulty1 9 ^? e>ly days4 ,ari/oteles1 ,!ophra/us1 & ,pl9ius 7 n only botani/s1 b naturali/s 9 e s5se1 & ! fir/ nam$ is especially celebrat$ z a /ud5t ( & writ] ^u animals2 he 0 a great zoologi/4 ,!ophra/us knew mu* ab\t geology1 & s did ,pl9ius4 ,^! m51 !n1 br\ght ! sci5ce ( botany out ( its *ildhood1 & saw x p>tly on its way ?r\gh its y\?2 !y _h remov$ x beyond ! fanciful ideas & /range notions ( ! e>lie/ writ]s on ! subject1 & _h begun to classify plants1 & to /udy ! relations ( plants to surr\nd+ nature1 & to ! wants ( man4 ,*emi/ry & ! use ( ! microscope 7 unkn[n1 & !re=e progress 9 ! necess>y direction c\ld n be made at t "t ( ! _w4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t botany does n consi/ 9 collect+1 dry+1 & draw+ plants alone1 b x relates to ev]y?+ ab\t ! vegetable k+dom ( nature4 ,! gr[? ( ! plant f ! se$2 h[ x lives1 brea!s1 & its sap circulates2 h[ />*1 & sug>1 & o!r products are =m$--h to be consid]$4 ,! mann] ( unfold+ ( ! fl[]1 ! anatomy ( its fruits1 & ( ! leaves & /ems & root1 & ! me?od by :i* ! k9d reproduces1 & ! decay ( ! plant h to be /udi$4 ,!n ! uses ( plants1 m$ic9al & z food1 h to be treat$4 ,h[ !y c be be/ gr[n1 & h[ plants are di/ribut$ ov] ! l& at diff]5t heights1 =m o!r subjects2 & ! arrangem5t ( plants 9 a classification f\nd$ on ! simil>ity ( _! mo/ important anatomical /ructures1 & con/itut+ :at is t]m$ a natural sy/em1 is "o ( ! mo/ necess>y /udies4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,plants4 ,john ,ray--,joseph de ,t\rne=t--,_! lives4 ,! _w w5t to sleep = _m c5turies1 s f> z natural hi/ory & _m o!r ?+s are conc]n$1 aft] ! "t ( ,pl9y1 & sixte5 hundr$ ye>s elaps$ be=e any advance 0 made 9 botanical k4 ,?is 0 ! age :5 ! only light on ! e>? 0 /ruggl+ ,*ri/ianity1 & x 0 %ad$ by sup]/ition & viol5ce4 ,at la/ m5 began to le>n ,greek aga91 & to read ! anci5t au?ors c>efully1 s t nature began to be /udi$4 ,a few =eign botani/s began to attempt to add to ! k ! anci5ts _h giv5 !m1 & to classify plants4 ,b ! fir/ man :o made a real advance1 & ^: "w has influ5c$ ! /udy ( plant life d[n to ! pres5t day1 0 an ,engli%man1 :o 0 br$ 9 comp>ative pov]ty1 suff]$ p]secution1 & liv$ a beautiful life4 ,! "n ( ?is di/+ui%$ man 0 ,john ,ray1 & he 0 ! son ( ,rog] ,ray & ,elizabe? 8 wife1 be+ born 9 #afbh4 ,8 fa!r 0 a blacksmi?1 ( ,black ,notley1 ne> ,bra9tree1 9 ,essex1 & ! boy 0 s5t to s*ool at ! ,gramm> ,s*ool at ,bra9tree4 ,!re he f\nd ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,love1 ! ma/]1 9 tea*+ him1 a set-(f aga9/ ! g5]al want ( education 9 ! e/abli%m5t2 & he _h reason to be ?ankful1 = be=e he 0 sixte5 ye>s ( age he 0 s5t1 f ! s*ool1 to ,cambridge4 ,he ent]$ at ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hall1 "u ! tutor%ip ( ,mr4 ,duckfield4 ,b ! y\? did n l ! ,hall2 he wi%$ to /udy1 & ! inmates1 he said1 *iefly addict$ !mselves to disputations2 s he w5t to ,tr9ity1 :]e he f\nd ! polit] arts & sci5ces 7 pr9cipally m9d$ & cultivat$4 ,ray work$ h>d1 & _h an excell5t tutor1 :o 0 a great ,greek s*ol>1 & soon made up = ! defective tea*+ he _h _h at ,bra9tree4 ,he acquir$ mu* ,lat9 & ,greek1 & "s ,hebrew1 & x soon became evid5t t ! y\? c\ld speak well & flu5tly4 ,8 leisure 0 t ( a /ud5t2 he lov$ to obs]ve nature1 to /udy ! little gems ( ! g>d5 & c\ntry1 & all ^! ?+s br\ght him spe$ily be=e ! notice ( ! au?orities ( ! ,college4 ,:5 he _h be5 !re ?ree ye>s1 he 0 elect$ a ,m9or ,fell[1 toge!r ) 8 great fri5d ,isaac ,b>r[1 :o _h be5 a ,*>t]h\se boy1 & subsequ5tly a s*ol> at ,fel/$1 an ,essex s*ool4 ,!y 7 ! fav\rite pupils ( _! ma/]4 ,ray took 8 degree ( ,ba*elor ( ,arts1 & !n t ( ,ma/] ( ,arts1 becom+ !n a ,major ,fell[4 ,9 #afea he 0 *os5 ! ,greek ,lectur] to ! ,college2 two ye>s aft]w>ds ,ma!matical ,lectur]1 & 9 #afee ,humanity ,read]4 ,!n he 0 made ,junior ,dean & ,college ,/ew>d1 & he became ! tutor to _m m5 ( subsequ5t wor?1 especially to ,mr4 ,francis ,willughby1 ( ,middleton ,hall1 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ,ray w&]$ ov] ! c\ntry collect+ & /udy+ plants4 ,he wrote ! /ory ( 8 j\rneys 9 & ab\t ,engl&1 call+ !m 8,it9]>ies40 ,8 fir/ j\rney 0 9 #afeh1 & he rode f ,cambridge to ,nor?ampton2 he pass$ by ,higham ,f]r]s & saw ! outside ( a great /one build+ call$ a college1 & he wrote t ,nor?ampton 0 indiff]5tly h&some1 ! h\ses be+ built ( timb]1 not)/&+ ! pl5ty ( /one dug 9 t c\nty4 ,he saw 9 a ,mr4 ,b[k]'s g>d5 8div]s physical plants10 & he notic$ ! luxuriance ( ! lup9us !re4 ,!n he w5t to ,w>wick by ,dav5try1 & saw ,hold5by ,h\se4 ,at ,%uckbor\gh he did n see ! />-/ones he _h he>d (4 ,he visit$ ,w>wick1 b c>$ m = ,guy's ,cliff ?an = ! rib ( ! dun c[ & ,guy's sword2 & !n he w5t into ,d]by%ire1 & inve/igat$ ! ,pool's-hole1 ne> ,buxton1 & notic$ ! wild fl[]s ( ! hills4 ,travell+ on to ,nor? ,wales1 he visit$ ! br9e-pits ( ,nor?wy*1 & at ,*e/] he notic$ ! r$ /one ( ! ca!dral1 :i* he consid]$ _h little beauty )9 or )\t4 ,he visit$ ,sw9don1 & got home by ,%rewsbury & ,gl\ce/]4 ,?is 0 a j\rney done 9 ! old-fa%ion$ mann]1 on horseback4 ,x op5$ ,ray's eyes to ! imm5se am\nt ( nons5se t 0 talk$ ab\t nature1 & especially ab\t any unusual natural ph5om5on4 ,he seems especially to h visit$ ! wells & spr+s1 & he express$ 8 d\bts ( ! wond]ful cures1 attribut+ 8 want ( belief to 8 sci5tific frame ( m9d4 ,at ?is p]iod1 x 0 usual = "y m5 ( ability & le>n+1 ?\gh n 9 ord]s1 to deliv] s]mons & common-place read+s1 z !y 7 call$1 n only 9 ! *apels or halls ( _! own colleges1 b ev5 be=e ! ,univ]sity body at ,/4 ,m>y's *ur*4 ,9 ^! ,ray em95tly di/+ui%$ himself4 ,he 0 among ! fir/ :o v5tur$ to lead ! att5tion ( 8 he>]s f ! unpr(itable subtleties ( s*ola/ic div9ity & ! trammels ( ! old ,greek philosophy to an obs]vation ( nature & a practical inve/igation ( tru?4 ,! rudim5ts ( _m ( 8 subsequ5t writ+s orig9at$ 9 ^! juv5ile essays1 p>ticul>ly 8 celebrat$ book on ! 8,wisdom ( ,god manife/$ 9 ! ,works ( ! ,creation10 kn[n all ov] ! _w by its num]\s editions & translations1 & univ]sally admir$ = its rational piety1 s\nd philosophy1 & solid in/ruction4 ,?is book is ! basis ( ! lab\rs ( all ^? div9es :o h made ! book ( nature a comm5t>y on ! book ( revelation1 a confirmation ( tru?s :i* nature has n au?ority ( h]self to e/abli%4 ,9 x ! au?or inculcates ! doctr9e ( a con/antly sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce1 z well z ! advantage1 & ev5 ! duty1 ( contemplat+ ! works ( ,god4 8,?is10 he says1 8is "p ( ! bus9ess ( a ,sabba?-day1 z x w be1 probably1 ( our employm5t ?r\gh t et]nal re/ ( :i* ! ,sabba? is a type40 ,ar*bi%op ,t5ison is record$ to h told ,dr4 ,d]ham t 8,mr4 ,ray 0 mu* celebrat$ 9 8 "t at ,cambridge = prea*+ solid & useful div9ity1 in/ead ( t en?usia/ic /uff :i* ! s]mons ( t "t 7 g5]ally fill$ )40 ,x w\ld be refre%+ to he> a ,ray 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,two ( 8 fun]al disc\rses are m5tion$ ) p>ticul> approbation2 "o1 on ! dea? ( ,dr4 ,arr[smi?1 ma/] ( 8 college2 ! o!r1 on t ( "o ( 8 mo/ intimate & belov$ colleagues1 ,mr4 ,john ,nid1 likewise a ,s5ior ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity1 :o _h a great %>e 9 ,ray's fir/ botanical publication1 ! 8,catalogus ,plant>um circa ,cantabrigiam nasc5tium10 pr9t$ 9 #affj 7a catalogue ( plants gr[+ ar\nd ,cambridge74 ,be=e ?is little volume appe>$1 its au?or _h visit$ v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl& & ,wales = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ _! native plants1 z he did sev]al times aft]w>ds4 ,nor 7 8 obs]vations conf9$ to natural hi/ory1 b ext5d$ to local & g5]al hi/ory1 antiquities1 ! arts1 & all k9ds ( useful k4 ,ray's fir/ botanical t\r occupi$ ne>ly six weeks1 f ,augu/ #i? to ,septemb] #ah?1 #afeh4 ,on ! #bcrd ( ,decemb]1 #affj1 he 0 orda9$ bo? deacon & prie/ at ! same "t by ,dr4 ,s&]son1 !n ,bi%op ( ,l9coln4 ,9 #affa he travell$ ) ,mr4 ,willughby into ,scotl&1 return+ by ,cumb]l& & ,we/morel&2 & ! foll[+ ye>1 ) ! same companion1 he accompli%$ a m p>ticul> inve/igation ( ,wales4 ,h[ critically he /udi$ ! botany ( ! c\ntries he visit$1 is evid5t f ! diff]5t editions ( 8 works call$ 8,a ,catalogue ( ,briti% ,plants10 & 8,a ,me?odical ,synopsis ( ,briti% ,wild ,plants40 ,9 fact1 ,ray felt ! necessity ( be+ able to recognize plants by _! accurate descriptions1 & saw t classification 0 ! alphabet ( ! sci5ce4 ,all ?is "t ,mr4 ,ray cont9u$ to enjoy 8 fell[%ip & to cultivate 8 ,cambridge connections2 b 9 ,septemb]1 #affb1 8 tranquillity 0 di/urb$ by ! too fam\s ,b>?olomew ,act1 by :i* two ?\s& consci5ti\s div9es 7 turn$ out ( _! liv+s1 & _m fell[s ( colleges depriv$ ( _! ma9t5ance & means ( lit]>y improvem5t4 ,among ! latt] 0 ! subject ( our memoir1 ) ?irte5 hone/ m5 at ,cambridge besides1 ( ^: names he has left u a li/4 ,"o ( !m1 ,dr4 ,dill+ham1 0 ma/] ( ,emanuel ,college2 b ,ray 0 ! only p]son ( 8 own college :o suff]$ ?is deprivation4 ,"o ( ,ray's biograph]s writes3--8,! read] mu/ n suppose t he1 or p]haps any o!r p]son 9 ?is illu/ri\s catalogue1 0 9 ! lea/ degree defici5t 9 atta*m5t to ! doctr9e or discipl9e ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 or t !y _h tak5 ! oa?1 call$ ! ,solemn ,league & ,cov5ant1 :i* ,ray c]ta9ly _h nei!r tak5 nor ev5 approv$4 ,!y 7 requir$ to swe> to ! infam\s proposition t ! said oa? 0 n b9d+ to ^? :o _h tak5 x1 & on ?is gr\nd !y consci5ti\sly gave up _! pref]m5t40 ,x is curi\s to read ! apology made = ,ray1 to ,dr4 ,d]ham on ?is subject1 by a ,mr4 ,brokesby1 8t he 0 at t "t abs5t f 8 college1 :]e he might h met ) satisfaction to 8 scruples1 & 0 among "s zeal\s noncon=mi/s :o too mu* influ5c$ him by ! addition ( new scruples4 ,& we may also ascribe some:at to ! prejudice ( education 9 unhappy times40 ,by ?is x appe>s t ! 8scruples0 ( noncon=mi/s 7 mo/ fav\rable to ! sanctity ( an oa?1 & t ! 8unhappy times0 allud$ to 7 m advantage\s to pr9ciple ?an ! gold5 days ( ,*>les ,,ii41 ^: m9i/]s d\btless valu$ ! ob$i5ce f> m ?an ! hone/y ( any man2 nor 0 ?is ta/e by any means peculi> to !m or _! pr(ligate ma/]4 ,mr4 ,ray 7or1 z he wrote 8 "n = a :ile ab\t ?is p]iod1 ,wray71 hav+ ?us ! _w be=e him1 made an arrangem5t ) ,mr4 ,willughby = a t\r on ! ,cont95t2 & 9 ?is plan two ( 8 pupils 7 includ$1 ,mr4 ,na?aniel ,bacon & ,mr41 aft]w>ds ,sir ,philip1 ,skippon4 ,!y sail$ = ,calais 9 ,april1 #affc1 b be+ prev5t$ by ! /ate ( political affairs f prosecut+ _! j\rney ?r\gh ,france1 !y trav]s$ ! ,l[ ,c\ntries & ,g]many1 proce$+ by ,v5ice into ,italy1 mo/ ( ^: cities !y visit$1 ei!r by sea or l&1 z well z ,malta & ,sicily2 & return$ by ,switz]l&1 ?r\gh ,france1 into ,engl& 9 ! spr+ ( #afff4 ,mr4 ,willughby1 inde$1 sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! p>ty at ,montpelli]1 & visit$ ,spa94 ,an ample acc\nt ( _! obs]vations 0 publi%$ by ,ray 9 #afgc1 mak+ a ?ick octavo volume4 ,! travell]s /udi$ politics1 lit]ature1 natural hi/ory1 me*anics1 & philosophy1 z well z antiquities & o!r curiosities2 b 9 ! f9e arts !y assume no au?ority1 nor display any consid]able ta/e or k4 ,mr4 ,willughby's acc\nt ( ,spa9 makes a "p by itself1 & a ri* critical catalogue ( su* plants1 n1 = ! mo/ "p1 natives ( ,engl&1 z 7 obs]v$ 9 ?is t\r1 concludes ! volume4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,ray has ! cr$it ( hav+ discov]$ sev]al species ( plants 9 ,switz]l& n previ\sly kn[n to belong to t c\ntry4 ,ray pass$ ! summ] ( #afff p>tly at ,black ,notley1 & p>tly 9 ,sussex1 /udy+ *iefly ! works ( ,hook1 ,boyle1 ,syd5ham1 on fev]s1 & ! 8,philosophical ,transactions10 8mak+ few discov]ies10 says he1 8save ( m9e own errors40 ,! foll[+ w9t] he 0 employ$ at ,mr4 ,willughby's1 9 arrang+ t g5tleman's museum ( se$s1 dri$ plants1 birds1 fi%es1 %ells1 & o!r objects ( natural hi/ory & co9s1 & 9 =m+ tables ( plants & animals = ! use ( ,dr4 ,wilk9s4 ,he began to arrange a catalogue ( ! ,engli% native plants :i* he _h ga!r$1 r = 8 own use ?an ) any imm$iate view ( publication at pres5t4 ,he wrote to ,dr4 ,li/]1 8,! _w is glutt$ ) bungl+20 8,i resolve nev] to put out any?+ :i* is n z p]fect z is possible = me to make x4 ,i wi% y w\ld take a little pa9s ?is summ] ab\t grasses1 t s we might comp>e notes40 ,! above resolution ( our au?or is no d\bt highly comm5dable1 b ! _w has r to lam5t t s _m able m5 h =m$ ! same det]m9ation1 at lea/ 9 natural sci5ce4 ,if x 7 univ]sally adh]$ to1 sc>cely any "w w\ld see ! light1 = few c be s s5sible ( ! defects ( any o!r p]son's attempt to illu/rate ! works ( nature1 z a man ( tol]able judgm5t mu/ be ( 8 own4 ,?is is especially ! case ) ^? :o1 l ,ray1 direct _! aspir+ views t[>ds sy/em & philosophical !ory4 ,happily he did n try ?is ardu\s pa?1 till he _h tra9$ himself by :olesome practical discipl9e 9 obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,8 fir/ botanical works assum$ ! humble =m ( alphabetical catalogues4 ,8 & ,mr4 ,willughby's lab\rs 9 ! s]vice ( ,bi%op ,wilk9s 71 inde$1 ( a sy/ematical description1 & accord+ly ! au?ors !mselves 7 probably m dissatisfi$ ?an any o!r p]sons ) _! p]=mance4 ,!y relax$ f ^! lab\rs 9 a t\r ( practical obs]vation ?r\gh ! we/ ( ,engl&1 z f> z ! ,l&'s ,end1 9 ! summ] ( #affg1 & return+ by ,london1 ,mr4 ,ray 0 solicit$ to become a ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 into :i* le>n$ body he 0 admitt$ ,novemb] #g?4 ,be+ n[ reque/$ by 8 fri5d ,wilk9s to translate 8 celebrat$ "w1 8,an ,essay t[>ds a ,real ,"* & a ,philosophical ,language10 into ,lat91 he und]took1 & by degrees accompli%$1 t ardu\s p]=mance4 ,! foll[+ summ] 0 agreeably sp5t 9 visits to v>i\s lit]>y fri5ds1 & 9 a solit>y j\rney to ! nor?4 ,8 =m] companion1 ,willughby1 be+ j m>ri$1 /ay$ at home2 b ,ray jo9$ him 9 ,septemb]1 #affh1 & rema9$ = mo/ "p ( ! ensu+ w9t] & spr+4 ,! seclusion & leisure ( ! c\ntry1 ) ! conv]se & assi/ance ( su* a fri5d1 7 fav\rable to ! prosecution ( a new subject ( inquiry1 :i* n[ /rongly attract$ ! att5tion ( our great naturali/--! !ory ( vegetation4 ,! fir/ /ep ( ! two philosoph]s 9 ?is little-explor$ pa? 0 an exam9ation ( ! motion ( ! sap 9 trees2 & ! result ( _! inquiries1 communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society1 appe>$ soon aft] 9 ! 8,philosophical ,transactions40 ,_! exp]im5ts cle>ly prove ! asc5t ( ! sap ?r\gh ! woody "p ( ! tree1 :i* is easily detect$ by bor+ ! trunks at diff]5t dep?s be=e _! leaves are unfold$2 & !y obs]v$1 also1 ! mucilag9\s nature ( ! fl[+ sap1 8precipitat+ a k9d ( :ite coagulum or jelly1 :i*10 says ,ray1 9 a note pres]v$ by ,d]ham1 8may be well conceiv$ to be ! "p1 :i* e ye>1 betwe5 b>k & tree turns to wood1 & ( :i* ! leaves & fruits are made4 ,& x seems to precipitate m :5 ! tree is j ready to put out leaves & beg9s to cease dropp+1 ?an at its fir/ ble$+40 ,! accuracy ( ! lead+ facts record$ by ^! +5i\s m5 is confirm$ by subsequ5t obs]v]s1 :o h fur!r pursu$ ! same subject1 :i* is n[ suffici5tly well und]/ood4 ,! sap orig9ates 9 ! liquid matt]s :i* are absorb$ by ! roots ( plants2 !y ent] ! m9ute cells ( ! ends ( ! roots & p]meate ! cellul> tissue4 ,?is sap asc5ds 9 ! plant1 assi/$ by ! evaporation f ! leaves4 ,! sap asc5ds ) consid]able rapidity to ! leaves1 :]e x is subject to *anges1 ! result ( physiological action4 ,x desc5ds f ! leaves1 hav+ _h its *emical con/itution alt]$1 & is fit = ! nutrition ( ! plant4 ,! sap asc5ds ?r\gh ! cellul> & woody tissue1 especially 9 ! lay]s ( wood n m ?an two ye>s old4 ,! h>d he>twood does n convey sap1 b 9 "s trees1 l ! popl>1 sap moves 9 ! v c5tre4 ,! elaborat$ sap returns f ! leaves 9 a sl[ /ream1 ?r\gh ! delicate cellul> /ructures ( ! b>k1 "r d[n to ! root1 giv+ rise to ! cambium lay]1 f ! inn] surface ( :i* ! annual lay] ( "y wood is =m$4 ,at ?is "t ,ray began to prep>e = ! press 8 8,collection ( ,prov]bs10 a curi\s book 9 its way1 by :i* he is p]haps bett] kn[n to ! g5]ality ( 8 c\ntrym51 ?an by any o!r ( 8 lit]>y lab\rs4 ,! fir/ edition 0 publi%$ 9 #afgb1 b ! "w 0 subsequ5tly mu* enl>g$1 & ! au?or may almo/ be said to h exhau/$ 8 subject4 ,f its v nature1 delicacy & ref9em5t _h (t5 to be disp5s$ )1 b ?is is evid5tly n ! fault or ! aim ( ! writ]4 ,8 le>n+ & critical acut5ess diffuse light ov] ! :ole1 & make u ov]look ! co>se vehicle ( our in/ruction4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! 8,catalogue ( ,engli% ,plants10 already m5tion$1 came out 9 #afgj1 & ! second 9 #afgg4 ,_! great au?or gave 8 "w to ! _w ) t diffid5ce = :i* he alone1 p]haps1 c\ld p]ceive any j f\ndation4 ,x 0 a wond]ful book1 consid]+ t !re 0 no recogniz$ au?ority to help ! au?or1 :o1 see+ t !re mu/ be "s real me?od 9 nature1 /rove to arrange or classify plants by ! simil>ity or dissimil>ity ( ^? /ructures :i* 7 ( ! greate/ importance4 ,ab\t ?is p]iod ! heal? ( ,mr4 ,ray seems to h be5 consid]ably impair$4 ,he refus$ a tempt+ (f] to travel aga9 on ! ,cont95t1 z tutor to ?ree "y noblem52 nor c\ld ! p[]ful attractions ( ,alp9e botany1 :i* 0 !n to be /udi$1 ov]come t reluctance to leav+ home1 :i* arose f a feeble /ate ( body4 ,inde$1 ?is v reluctance or li/lessness is acc\nt$ = by ! turn :i* 8 disord] took1 z x t]m9at$ 9 ! jaundice4 ,aft] ?is depress+ compla9t _h left him1 ,ray resum$ 8 botanical travels at home ) fre% alacrity1 visit+ ! ri* /ores ( ! nor? ( ,engl&1 ) a companion nam$ ,?omas ,willisel1 ^: "n & discov]ies he subsequ5tly gratefully commemorat$ on _m occasions4 ,no?+ =ms a m /rik+ feature 9 ,ray's "* ?an ! unres]v$ & abundant comm5dation :i* he always gave to 8 fri5ds & fell[-lab\r]s4 ,!n un=tunately an ev5t occurr$ :i* call$ =? 8 affectionate feel+s4 ,on ! #crd ( ,july1 #afgb1 ,mr4 ,willughby 0 unexpect$ly c>ri$ (f by an acute disord]1 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ye> ( 8 age4 ,! c>e ( 8 two infant sons 0 confid$ by himself to ,mr4 ,ray1 :o 0 also appo9t$ "o ( 8 five executors1 & to :om he left an annuity ( sixty p\nds = life4 ,! elde/ ( ^! y\?s 0 creat$ a b>onet at ! age ( t5 ye>s1 b di$ be=e he 0 tw5ty4 ,_! si/]1 ,cass&ra1 aft]w>ds m>ri$ ! ,duke ( ,*&os4 ,?omas1 ! y\ng] son1 0 "o ( ! t5 pe]s creat$1 all on ! same day1 by ,que5 ,anne1 & receiv$ ! title ( ,"l ,middleton4 ,! c>e ( 8 pupils1 & ( ! lit]>y conc]ns ( _! deceas$ p>5t1 n[ int]rupt$ ,mr4 ,ray's botaniz+ excursions1 & caus$ him also to decl9e ! (f] ( ,dr4 ,li/]1 !n a physician at ,york1 to settle "u 8 ro(4 ,bi%op ,wilk9s did n long survive ,mr4 ,willughby1 & 8 dea? made ano!r *asm 9 ! sci5tific & social circle ( our great natural philosoph]1 :o felt ^! losses z deeply & t5d]ly z any man4 ,he s\ght consolation 9 a dome/ic atta*m5t1 fix+ 8 *oice on a "y woman ( good p>5tage1 ^: "n 0 ,m>g>et ,oakley1 & :o resid$ 9 ! family at ,middleton ,hall4 ,he 0 m>ri$ at ! p>i% *ur*1 ,june #e?1 #afgc1 be+ !n 9 ! =ty-fif? ye> ( 8 age1 & 8 bride ab\t tw5ty4 ,?is lady took a %>e 9 ! e>ly education ( 8 pupils1 z f> z conc]n$ _! read+ ,engli%4 ,%e is said to h be5 recomm5d$ by h] "*1 z well z by h] p]son1 to ! reg>d ( h] husb&4 ,%e bore him ?ree daught]s :o1 ) _! "m1 surviv$ him4 ,! fir/ fruit ( our au?or's leisure & retirem5t 0 a book on a new classification ( plants1 publi%$ 9 #afhb4 ,8 pr9ciples ( arrangem5t are *iefly d]iv$ f ! fruit4 ,! regul>ity & irregul>ity ( fl[]s1 :i* took ! lead 9 ! sy/em ( contempor>y botani/s1 made no "p ( t ( ,ray4 ,x is rem>kable t he adopts ! anci5t prim>y division ( plants into trees1 %rubs1 & h]bs1 & t he blam$ ,riv9us1 "o ( 8 fell[-lab\r]s1 = aboli%+ x1 ?\gh 8 own prefatory rem>ks t5d to ov]set t pr9ciple1 z a vulg> & casual "o1 unwor?y ( a philosoph]4 ,t 8 sy/em 0 n m]ely a commodi\s artificial aid to practical botany1 b a philosophical clue to a correct natural classification1 he probably1 l 8 fell[-lab\r]s = _m ye>s 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 believ$1 yet he 0 too mode/ & too le>n$ to ?9k he _h br\ght ! new & ardu\s design to p]fection4 ,= :atev] he has incid5tally or delib]ately ?r[n out respect+ ! value ( 8 lab\rs1 is (t5 m>k$ ) m diffid5ce on ! subject ( classification ?an any o!r4 ,! great s]vice t ,ray did to botany 0 ! =e%ad[+ ! s-call$ natural sy/em ( classification1 :i* 0 to sup]s$e ! artificial sy/em ( ,l9nu1 :i* w be describ$ 9 a future page4 ,he fir/ appli$ 8 sy/em to practical use 9 a g5]al 8,hi/ory ( ,plants10 ( :i* ! fir/ volume1 a ?ick folio1 0 publi%$ 9 #afhf1 & ! second 9 #afhg4 ,! ?ird volume ( ! same "w1 :i* is supplem5t>y1 came out 9 #agjd4 ,?is va/ & critical compilation is /ill 9 use z a book ( ref]5ce1 be+ p>ticul>ly valuable z an epitome ( ! cont5ts ( v>i\s r>e & exp5sive works1 :i* ord9>y libr>ies _c possess4 ,! description ( species is fai?ful & in/ructive1 ! rem>ks orig9al1 b\nd$ only by ! :ole circuit ( ! botanical le>n+ ( t day2 nor are g5]ic *>act]s neglect$1 h[ev] vaguely !y are assum$4 ,specific diff]5ces d n ent] regul>ly into ! au?or's plan1 nor has he foll[$ any uni=m rules ( nom5clature4 ,s ample a transcript ( ! practical k ( su* a botani/ _c b be a treasure2 yet x is n[ mu* neglect$1 few p]sons be+ le>n$ en\gh to use x ) facility = want ( figures & a popul> nom5clature2 & ^? :o are1 seldom requir+ its assi/ance4 ,b if ! fame or ! utility ( ,ray's botanical "w has nei!r ( !m be5 comm5surate ) ! expectations t might h be5 =m$1 a little octavo volume :i* he gave to ! _w 9 #afij1 amply suppli$ all su* defects1 & prov$ ! great corn]-/one ( 8 reputation 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( sci5ce4 ,?is 0 8,a ,me?odical ,synopsis ( ,briti% ,wild ,plants40 ,! two editions ( 8 alphabetical catalogue ( ,engli% plants be+ sold (f1 & "s pettifogg+ reasons ( 8 booksell]s /&+ 9 ! way ( a ?ird1 ) any improvem5ts1 he remodell$ ! "w1 ?r[+ x into a sy/ematic =m1 revis+ ! :ole1 supply+ g5]ic *>act]s1 ) num]\s additions ( species & v>i\s em5dations & rem>ks4 ,! uses & m$ic9al qualities ( ! plants are remov$ to ! alphabetical index at ! end4 ,a second edition ( ?is 8,synopsis0 0 publi%$ 9 #afic1 b its au?or nev] prep>$ ano!r4 ,! ?ird1 n[ mo/ 9 use1 0 edit$ tw5ty-eight ye>s aft]w>d by ,dill5ius4 ,( all ! sy/ematical & practical floras ( any c\ntry ! second edition ( ,ray's 8,synopsis0 0 ! mo/ p]fect ( 8 "t1 & = _m a long ye> aft]w>ds4 8,he exam9$ e plant record$ 9 8 "w1 & ev5 ga!r$ mo/ ( !m himself4 ,he inve/igat$ _! diff]5t names ) consummate accuracy2 & if ! cle>ness & precision ( o!r au?ors _h equall$ 81 he w\ld sc>cely h committ$ an error4 ,x is difficult to f9d him 9 a mi/ake or misconception respect+ nature h]self1 ?\gh he sometimes misappreh5ds ! bad figures or lame descriptions he 0 oblig$ to consult40 ,above a hundr$ species are add$ 9 ?is second edition1 & ! cryptogamic plants 9 p>ticul> are m amply elucidat$4 ,! "w l$ to mu* disput+1 b ,ray took no delight 9 controv]sy2 its inevitable asp]ities 7 =eign to 8 nature4 ,"o ( ! biograph]s ( ,ray writes3 8,we mu/ n omit to notice t 9 ! preface to bo? editions ( 8 #8,synopsis' ! le>n$ au?or1 v5]able = 8 "*1 8 tal5ts1 & 8 pr(ession1 z well z by 8 noble adh]5ce to pr9ciple 9 ! mo/ corrupt times1 has tak5 occasion to congratulate 8 c\ntry1 & to p\r out 8 grateful effusions to ,div9e ,provid5ce 9 a /yle wor?y ( ,milton = ! e/abli%m5t ( religion1 law1 & lib]ty by ! revolution :i* plac$ ,k+ ,william on ! ?rone4 ,an hone/ ,engli%man1 h[ev] retir$ 9 8 habits & pursuits1 c\ld n h )held ?is tribute at su* a "t1 nor 0 any loyalty ev] m p]sonally dis9t]e/$ ?an t ( ,ray40 ,! ye> #afij 0 ! date ( ! fir/ publication ( 8 noble "w on 8,! ,wisdom ( ,god 9 ,creation10 ( :i* we h already spok51 & ^: sale ?r\gh _m editions 0 v ext5sive4 ,9 #agjj he pr9t$ a book m exclusively )9 ! sph]e ( 8 sacr$ pr(ession1 call$ 8,a ,p]suasive to a ,holy ,life10 a r>e p]=mance ( ! k9d at t day1 be+ devoid ( en?usiasm1 my/icism1 or cant1 z well z ( religi\s bigotry or p>ty _s1 8& employ+ ! pla9 & solid argum5ts ( reason = ! be/ ( purposes40 ,8 ?ree 8,physico-,!ological ,disc\rses conc]n+ ! ,*aos1 ,deluge1 & ,dissolution ( ! ,_w10 ( :i* ! orig9al mat]ials _h be5 collect$ & prep>$ =m]ly at ,cambridge1 came out 9 #afib1 & 7 repr9t$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,a ?ird edition1 sup]9t5d$ by ,d]ham1 0 publi%$ 9 #agac4 ,?is able editor took up ! same subject himself1 9 a simil> p]=mance1 ! mat]ials ( :i*1 l ,ray's1 7 fir/ deliv]$ 9 s]mons at ,b[ *ur*1 he hav+ be5 appo9t$ read] ( ,mr4 ,boyle's lectures4 ,ray /udi$ animals z c>efully z he did plants1 & 8 influ5ce on zoology w be notic$ fur!r on 9 ?is book1 & he revis$ a translation ( ,rauwolff's travels1 & gave a catalogue ( ,grecian1 ,syrian1 ,egyptian1 & ,cretan plants4 ,ev] wi%+ = ! tru?1 he 0 l$ dur+ a correspond5ce ) ,riv9us1 a =eign botani/1 to revise 8 sy/em ( ! classification ( plants1 & to include t ( 8 fri5d 9 x4 ,ray 0 impress$ ) ! great] importance ( ! se$s & fruits ( plants 9 classification ?an ( ! leaves & floral envelopes2 ,riv9us & o!rs believ$ 9 ! sup]ior importance ( ! fl[] z a means ( di/+ui%+ & gr\p+ plants4 ,aft] due consid]ation1 ,ray includ$ "p ( ! plan ( 8 fri5d1 b x is c]ta9 t plants _c be safely gr\p$1 9 e in/ance1 by ! simil>ity ( _! fl[]s4 ,all ?is correspond5ce & alt]ation ( sy/ems 0 extremely useful1 = x l$ to ! f\ndation ( :at is call$ ! natural sy/em ( classification1 9 opposition to ! artificial /yle1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ! great man ^: life w be notic$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,ray liv$ a long1 happy1 & useful life1 & di$ at ,black ,notley1 9 a h\se ( 8 own build+1 9 #agje1 9 ! sev5ty-sev5? ye> ( 8 age4 ,a fri5d wrote ( him3 8,9 8 deal+s1 no man m /rictly j2 9 8 conv]sation1 no man m humble1 c\rte\s1 & affable2 t[>ds ,god no man m dev\t2 & t[>ds ! poor & di/ress$ no man m compassionate & *>itable accord+ to 8 abilities40 ,he 0 buri$1 accord+ to 8 own wi%1 at ,black ,notley2 b he w\ld n h 8 body buri$ 9 ! *ancel ( ! *ur*1 *oos+ r to repose ) 8 ance/ors 9 ! *ur*y>d4 ,ray di$ ri* 9 hon\rs1 b n ri* 9 money1 z he _h to give up 8 liv+ 9 ! ,*ur* = consci5ce' sake & con=m z a layman4 ,he 0 s+ul>ly *>itable 9 8 op9ions to o!rs2 & z 8 "w has la/$ until ! pres5t day1 & has influ5c$ ! progress ( natural hi/ory1 ,engl& may well be pr\d ( ! blacksmi?'s son4 ,joseph ,pitton de ,t\rne=t 0 born at ,aix1 9 ,france1 9 #afef4 ,he 0 ( a noble family1 & 0 educat$ ) c>e1 & _h all ! com=ts ( life4 ,liv+1 h[ev]1 f> away f ! gay sc5es ( ,p>is & 9 a c\ntry t[n1 ,t\rne=t soon began to w&] ov] ! fields by himself1 &1 l mo/ boys1 he lov$ to ga!r fl[]s4 ,m ?an ?is1 he began to /udy !m4 ,b su* pleasures 7 n to be 8 at once1 = 8 p>5ts de/9$ him to be a prie/1 & he 0 oblig$ to ent] ! ,ca?olic sem9>y at ,aix4 ,!re he began to le>n ,lat91 & 9 c\rse ( "t became a great pr(ici5t1 speak+ & writ+ t language well1 :i* at t "t 0 fairly kn[n by e educat$ p]son4 ,8 !ological /udies 7 r neglect$ by him1 & :5ev] he _h ! opportunity1 he got books on natural philosophy1 *emi/ry1 m$ic9e1 &1 above all1 on botany4 ,he /udi$ !m ) great assiduity1 & until he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age4 ,t\rne=t's fa!r di$ 9 #afgg1 & ! "y man !n be+ indep5d5t1 ?rew (f 8 cap & g[n1 said good-bye to ! sem9>y & its prie/s1 & devot$ himself =?) & z long z life la/$ to ! sci5ce ( natural hi/ory1 & especially to botany4 ,he did n re/ satisfi$ ) ! books ( ,pl9ius & ,ari/oteles1 or ( ! feeble botani/s ( 8 y\?1 b he int5d$ to /udy plants z !y grew1 to discov] _! uses1 & to endeav\r to classify & "n !m4 ,besides1 he got a love = ! heal+ art1 = "o ( 8 fir/ tea*]s 0 a *emi/ ( ,aix1 :o gave him lessons ab\t ! common simple plants :i* 7 us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,s1 aft] roam+ ov] ! c\ntry f> & wide1 mon? aft] mon?1 & collect+ plants 9 ,prov5ce1 on ! m\nta9s ( ,dauph9 & ,savoy1 he w5t to ,montpelli] 9 #afgi to /udy anatomy & m$ic9e4 ,! "y /ud5t 0 !re = two ye>s1 & !n he seems to h set ! example to 8 fell[-/ud5ts1 = botanical excursions became a fav\rite me?od ( pass+ away "t4 ,9 #afha1 9 company ) sev]al fell[-/ud5ts1 he w5t to ! ,pyr5ees1 & w&]$ ab\t ^? difficult m\nta9s1 submitt+ to mu* fatigue1 cold1 & hung]4 ,v robu/ 9 heal?1 & vigor\s1 8 fatigues & h>d f>e seem$ to d him good1 & at la/ he obta9$ a v f9e collection ( ! plants ( t region4 ,x is always told t ! ard5t "y botani/ & 8 fri5ds got into tr\ble1 be+ tak5 prison]s m ?an once by ,miguelites 7smuggl]s72 b x is n likely t ^? p got mu* out ( !m4 ,on 8 return home he f\nd t 8 reputation z a practical botani/ & z kn[+ useful plants1 _h spread ab\t1 al?\gh he _h n writt5 any "w at t "t4 ,m4 ,fagon1 a di/+ui%$ botani/ ( ! age1 0 physician to ,l\is ,,xiv41 & _h _h _m an excursion to collect plants 9 ,prov5ce1 ,langu$oc1 & ,auv]gne1 be=e he became a great man at c\rt4 ,he got plants f ^? localities1 & _h !m plant$ 9 ! botanic g>d5s1 ( :i* ! k+ 0 fond2 &1 =tunately = 8 prospects 9 life1 he discov]$ ! m$ic9al uses ( "s natural ba?s at ,b>ges1 :i* he recomm5d$ to ! ,duc de ,ma9e4 ,on 8 return to ,p>is1 ,m4 ,fagon 0 made pr(essor ( botany & *emi/ry to ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 & subsequ5tly became physician to ! k+ & pr9ces1 & director ( ! g>d5s4 ,m4 ,fagon want$ help1 = little 0 kn[n ab\t ! plants ( ! c\ntries beyond ,europe1 & he s\ght ! s]vices ( a "y & wise botani/ :o _h pl5ty ( en]gy4 ,he de/9$ "y ,t\rne=t = a great c>e]1 & (f]$ him ! pr(essor%ip ( ! ,botanic g>d51 int5d+ t ! "y tea*]1 aft] a :ile1 %\ld travel1 & collect = ! g>d54 ,f9d+ ! prospects good1 ,t\rne=t accept$ ! position1 & desir\s ( add+ to ! collection ( plants1 visit$ ,spa9 aga91 & !n ,portugal4 ,subsequ5tly he came ov] to ,engl&1 & !n collect$ 9 ,holl&4 ,8 "n 0 well kn[n z t ( a practical botani/1 & ! ,dut* (f]$ him a pr(essor%ip at ,leyd54 ,he 0 elect$ to ! highe/ sci5tific hon\r 9 ,france--to ! memb]%ip ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ce4 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds ,t\rne=t publi%$ 8 fir/ & great "w1 8,! ,elem5ts ( ,botany1 or a me?od ( ,di/+ui%+ ,plants40 ,?is "w e/abli%$ 8 reputation all ov] ,europe4 ,x 0 a v rem>kable book4 ,t\rne=t travell$ 9 ,asia ,m9or1 ,circassia1 ,georgia1 ,nor!rn ,assyria1 ,c&ia1 & ,greece1 & 0 ! fir/ man :o gave publicity to ! tru? t ! same plants are n f\nd 9 all c\ntries1 & t mo/ c\ntries h _m plants peculi> to !m4 ,he may be said to h f\nd$ ! sci5ce ( ! geographical di/ribution ( plants4 ,8 descriptions ( plants 7 #aj1jjj 9 numb]2 _! arrangem5t 9 species & g5]a 0 excell5t4 ,less praise mu/ be giv5 ab\t ! mann] ( 8 sep>at+ ! great] divisions ( ! plants "o f ! o!r4 ,nev]!less1 mu* ( ! "w ( ?is great travell] has la/$ until ! pres5t day z good sci5ce4 ,plants are arrang$ 9 species1 :i* consi/ ( individuals1 hav+ a close /ructural resemblance )\t any con/ant diff]5ces ( ! =m ( ! /em1 roots1 leaves1 fl[]s1 & se$s4 ,a g5us is a gr\p ( species ) a g5]al resemblance1 "s special "* pr$om9at+4 ,an ord] is a numb] ( m or less simil> g5]a1 & a class conta9s ord]s :i* h great] resemblance ?an ^? ( ano!r class4 ,all ?is classification relates to accurate obs]vation & description1 & !n to comp>ison1 & ! great] ! k ( ! botani/ ( species & g5]a ! m useful x is4 ,!re is a difficulty 9 select+ ^? p>ts ( a plant :i* %\ld be ^? on :i* ! classification %\ld dep5d1 & ?is 0 ! /umbl+-block ) ^! e>ly botani/s4 ,ray saw ! value ( ! se$ & ( ! reproductive organs 9 classification1 & ,t\rne=t1 al?\gh he err$ 9 classify+ 8 8classes0 by ! col\r$ "p ( ! fl[] or corolla1 foll[$ nature accurately 9 8 description1 & reason$ ^u ! facts he _h discov]$4 ,?is botani/1 :o liv$ 9 ! days ( great luxury1 & :5 w> 0 almo/ con/ant1 pursu$ 8 useful & simple c>e]1 & by 8 collections alone1 assi/$ 9 lay+ ! f\ndations ( botany z a sci5ce4 ,8 travels 9 ! ,ea/ read l romances1 = ! habits ( ,ea/]n nations 7 !n b little kn[n2 &1 moreov]1 ! dilig5t /ud5t 0 a s*ol>1 & paid great att5tion to ! spl5did antiquities :i* he con/antly saw4 ,t\rne=t /udi$ ! zoology ( ! c\ntries he pass$ ?r\gh1 & 0 an adept 9 m9]alogy4 ,on 8 return f 8 long j\rney 9 ! ,ea/ he 0 made ,pr(essor ( ,m$ic9e to ! ,college de ,france4 ,= ! future 8 life 0 de/9$ to be quiet1 happy x appe>s always to h be54 ,ye> aft] ye> he lab\r$ 9 arrang+1 cultivat+1 & describ+ ! treasure ( plants he _h br\ght f ! ,ea/ & else:]e4 ,moreov]1 he taught z pr(essor4 ,8 end 0 sudd51 = he met ) an accid5t 9 ! /reet1 & 0 kill$ by a pass+ waggon4 ,t\rne=t's important "w 0 ! =m+ a great am\nt ( good k ab\t ! species ( plants1 & ! arrang+ !m 9 a sy/ematic ord]4 ,b1 z has be5 m5tion$1 he 0 a f\nd] ( ! sci5ce ( ! di/ribution ( plants4 ,he appe>s to h lab\r$ indep5d5tly ( ,ray1 8 ,engli% fell[-botani/1 ^: me?od 0 ! be/ ( ! two4 ,!re are tw5ty-two classes 9 ,t\rne=t's me?od1 *iefly arrang$1 z has be5 /at$1 by ! =m ( ! corolla1 comp>atively an unimportant /ructure4 ,he di/+ui%es h]bs & "u-%rubs on ! "o h&1 f trees & %rubs on ! o!r4 ,8 sy/em ( classification 0 mu* us$ on ! ,cont95t1 until x 0 f\nd to be less easy ( application ?an t ( ,l9nu4 ,! life ( ,ray1 by ,dr4 ,d]ham & ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi?1 is to be f\nd 9 ! 8,memorials ( ,john ,ray10 9 ! publications ( ! ,ray ,society1 #ahdf4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,l9n,,u4 ,! sci5ce ( plants beg9s to mature1 to be re=m$1 & to be made m exact4 ,c>l ,l9nu 0 born 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 #agjg1 at ,ra%ult1 9 ! p>i% ( ,/5brohult1 9 ,smal&1 a prov9ce 9 ! ,s\? ( ,sw$54 ,8 fa!r1 ,nils ,l9nu1 0 assi/ant m9i/] ( ! p>i%1 & became1 9 process ( "t1 its pa/or or rector1 hav+ m>ri$ ! daught] ( 8 pr$ecessor4#a ,our ,c>l 0 ! fir/born *ild ( ?is m>riage4 ,! family ( ,l9nu _h be5 peasants1 & a rem>kably l(ty l9d5 tree1 gr[+ ne> _! native place1 is reput$ to h giv5 orig9 to ! names ( ,l9delius1 or ,tili&] 7l9d5 tree man74 ,?is orig9 ( surnames tak5 f natural objects is n uncommon 9 ,sw$54 ,( 8 fa!r1 ,l9nu has giv5 u a few glimpses 9 8 di>y1 :i* prepossess u 9 8 fav\r1 & make u wi% t we knew m ( ! wor?y pa/or4 ,he 0 br\ght up by 8 mat]nal uncle1 ,sv5 ,tili&]1 himself a cl]gyman1 :o educat$ ! lad ) 8 own *ildr51 &1 be+ fond ( plants & g>d5+1 inspir$ 9 8 nephew also a love = horticulture2 s t ?is pr$ilection appe>s to h be51 9 "s degree1 h]$it>y4 ,"y ,nils 0 s5t1 9 due "t1 to s*ool1 & aft]w>ds to ! ,univ]sity ( ,lund1 :]e he _h to /ruggle1 = "s ye>s1 ) pov]ty1 & to apply v dilig5tly to 8 /udies1 9 ord] t he might qualify himself = ! pr(ession ( 8 *oice4 ,return+ to 8 native place1 he 0 admitt$ to holy ord]s1 & 0 fir/ curate1 & aft]w>ds co-pa/or4 ,soon aft] he atta9$ to ?is degree1 he 0 m>ri$ to ! elde/ daught] ( ! pa/or1 ,*ri/9a ,brod]sonia1 ( :om h] son says--8,%e possess$ all ! virtues ( h] sex1 & 0 an excell5t economi/40 ,no d\bt %e f\nd ample room = ! ex]cise ( ?is h] di/+ui%+ excell5ce1 = h] husb&'s /ip5d 0 small1 & %e br\ght him a goodly family ( two sons & ?ree daught]s4 ,we may well believe t ?rift & frugality 7 necess>y 9 ! mnage ( ?is small h\sehold4 ,l9nu tells u t ! "y c\ple welcom$ _! fir/born ) joy1 & re>$ him ) ! t5d]e/ solicitude1 8devot+ ! utmo/ att5tion to impress+ on 8 m9d ! love ( virtue1 bo? 9 precept & example40 ,he has drawn a *>m+ picture ( 8 bir?place2 x 0 situat$ 9 a v pleasant valley adjo9+ ! lake ,mkl51 :i* =m$ a bay1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* /ood ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/5brohult4 ,on ! banks ( ?is f9e lake1 surr\nd$ by hills & valleys1 woods & cultivat$ gr\nds1 ! fa!r ( ,l9nu dwelt2 8 g>d5 & 8 fields yield+ him1 at ! same "t1 bo? amusem5t & pr(it4 ,! "y ,c>l _h no soon] left 8 cradle ?an he 0 con/antly 9 ! g>d51 9 :i*1 to use 8 own expression1 he almo/ liv$1 delight$ ) ! brilliant hues & fragrance ( ! beaute\s %rubs & fl[]s :i* fl\ri%$ !re4 ,9 a lett] to ,b>on ,hall]1 writt5 at ! "t ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 ,l9nu says3 8,he 0 an uncommon lov] ( plants1 & _h a select g>d5 ( num]\s r>e species40 ,! fav\rite ta/e ( ! fa!r 0 quickly imbib$ by ! *ild1 :o 0 8 con/ant companion :ile he cultivat$ ! *oice p>t]re1 & eag]ly tri$ to yield su* slight aid z 8 *ildi% p[]s p]mitt$4 ,he has record$ ! fir/ occasion :5 ?is innate passion 0 decid$ly display$1 or r1 p]haps1 :5 x sprung into consci\sness4 ,he 0 h>dly f\r ye>s old :5 he *anc$ to accompany 8 fa!r to a rural fte at ,mkl51 & 9 ! ev5+1 x be+ a pleasant season ( ! ye>1 ! gue/s seat$ !mselves on ! fl[]y turf & li/5$ to ! good pa/or1 :o ent]ta9$ !m ) rem>ks on ! names & prop]ties ( ! plants :i* grew ar\nd !m1 %[+ !m ! roots ( succisa1 torm5tilla1 or*ides1 etc4 ,! little ,c>l att5d$ ) ! utmo/ eag]ness to all he saw & he>d1 & 8f t "t nev] ceas$ h>ass+ 8 fa!r ) que/ions ab\t ! "n1 qualities1 & nature ( e plant he met )40 ,an unlook$-= result ( ! ev5+ lecture1 & :i* seems to h co/ ! wor?y man no small tr\ble1 = ! *ild 7n unlike o!r *ildr51 = t matt]7 v (t5 ask$ m ?an 8 fa!r 0 able to answ]2 9 addition to :i* he 8us$ imm$iately to =get all he _h le>n$1 & especially ! names ( plants40 ,to cure him ( ?is mis*iev\s habit ( inatt5tion 8 fa!r refus$ to answ] 8 que/ions unless he w\ld promise to rememb] :at 0 told him1 :i* judici\s managem5t wr\ght a spe$y & effectual cure1 insomu* t he tells u he ev] aft]w>ds reta9$ ) ease1 :atev] he he>d4 ,besides ?is ret5tiv5ess ( memory he possess$ an 8a/oni%+ quickness ( sight10 an almo/ necess>y qualification = ! /udy ( 8 fav\rite sci5ce4 ,:5 ! boy 0 eight ye>s old a sep>ate plot ( gr\nd 0 assign$ him by 8 fa!r1 :i* 0 call$ 8,c>l's g>d510 & :i* he soon /or$ ) collections ( plants & wild fl[]s1 ga!r$ f ! woods & fields ar\nd 8 dwell+4 ,at ! same "t he introduc$ a v>iety ( we$s1 a treasure :i* x aft]w>ds co/ 8 fa!r no small pa9s to eradicate f 8 fl[]-b$s4 ,! ent]pris+ y\ng/] ev5 tri$ ! exp]im5t ( e/abli%+ a sw>m ( wild bees & wasps 9 ! g>d51 ! result ( :i* 0 a deva/at+ w>f>e wag$ aga9/ ! dome/ic hives4 ,at l5g? x 0 ?\ght desirable t ^! fl[]y pursuits %\ld give way to m s]i\s occupations1 & he 0 committ$ to ! *>ge ( a private tutor1 :om he calls 8a passionate & morose man1 bett] calculat$ = ext+ui%+ a y\?'s tal5ts ?an = improv+ !m40 ,nor did he f>e any bett] 9 8 next remove1 :i* 0 to ! gramm> s*ool at ,wexi1 :]e ! ma/]s 8pursu$ ! same me?ods1 pref]r+ /ripes & puni%m5ts to enc\ragem5ts & admonitions40 ,probably ! boy ev9c$ 8 di/a/e = su* co]cive measures1 s9ce we f9d him soon remov$ f s*ool to ! c>e ( ano!r private tea*]1 ( ^: mild & g5tle disposition he speaks 9 t]ms ( approval4 ,nev]!less1 he too fail$ to inspire 9 8 pupil a love = ! /udies :i* 7 consid]$ necess>y z prep>atory to admission into holy ord]s2 = ,nils ,l9nu1 desir\s t 8 elde/ son %\ld become 8 assi/ant & ev5tually 8 successor1 design$ him = ! ,*ur*4 ,! boy _h to "w = ?ree ye>s be=e he 0 promot$ to a high] 8=m0 9 ! s*ool1 call$ ! 8circle20 & ! pr9cipal use he seems to h made ( ! great] lib]ty all[$ him 9 ?is new rank1 0 to %un ! usual ex]cises & give himself up to ! /udy ( 8 fav\rite pursuit--! k ( fl[]s4 ,he ackn[l$ges t 8 "t 0 *iefly sp5t 9 w&]+ ab\t ! outskirts ( ! t[n1 & mak+ himself acqua9t$ ) all ! plants he c\ld f9d4 ,accord+ to ! sy/em !n pursu$ 9 ,sw$51 x 0 necess>y t y\?s %\ld pass f ! s*ools or private tutors to a sup]ior sem9>y1 call$ ! ,gymnasium1 :]e ! high] bran*es ( lit]ature 7 taught2 & accord+ly1 at ! age ( sev5te51 ! "y ,l9nu 0 remov$ ?i!r4 ,b ! orig9al pr$ilections ( 8 m9d 7 !n /ill m /rik+ly ev9c$ & matur$4 ,he %[$ ! /ronge/ di/a/e = !ological /udies4 ,9 ! metaphysics1 e?ics1 ,greek & ,hebrew1 & !ology 8 companions f> out/ripp$ him2 b 9 ma!matics1 & p>ticul>ly physics1 he z mu* excell$ !m4 ,8 fav\rite sci5ce1 botany1 :i* at t "t 0 :olly neglect$1 /ill cont9u$ to be 8 mo/ engross+ pursuit1 & he soon contriv$ to =m a small libr>y ( books 9 t bran*4 ,among o!rs he m5tions ! 8,*loris ,go?ica0 ( ,bromelius1 & ,rudbeck's 8,hortus ,upsali5sis10 :i* he confesses 8 inability !n to compreh5d cle>ly4 ,nev]!less he says he 8cont9u$ to read !m day & night1 & committ$ !m to memory40 ,8 own copies ( ^! books1 8us$ ) ! utmo/ c>e & neatness10 7 pres]v$ among 8 libr>y1 & aft] 8 dea? 7 sold ) 8 collection4 ,! zeal & eag]ness he ev9c$ 9 ^! /udies procur$ him1 bo? among ma/]s & s*ol>s1 ! "n ( 8! ,little ,botani/40 ,at ! end ( two ye>s 8 fa!r w5t to ,wexi1 8hop+ to he> f ! preceptors ! mo/ flatt]+ acc\nt ( 8 belov$ son's progress 9 8 /udies & morals40 ,b he 0 sorely disappo9t$ at le>n+ t1 unexceptionable z ! g5]al behavi\r ( ! y\? _h be51 he 0 evid5tly q unfit = a div9e2 &1 inde$1 9 ! op9ion ( ! au?orities1 x 0 a pity to incur any fur!r exp5se t[>ds giv+ him a le>n$ education1 "s manual employm5t be+ f> m suitable = him4 ,! y\?1 !y ?\ght1 w\ld be well plac$ z appr5tice to "s tailor or %oemak]6 ,griev$ at hav+ ?us lo/ 8 lab\r1 & support$ 8 son at s*ool = twelve ye>s 7an exp5se he c\ld v ill af=d7 to no purpose1 ! v5]able cl]gyman w5t 8 way1 pond]+ :at c\rse to pursue4 ,x *anc$ t he 0 suff]+ f a compla9t :i* requir$ m$ical advice1 & he betook himself to ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,ro?mann1 ! prov9cial physician1 also a lectur] 9 physics1 to :om1 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation1 he m5tion$ 8 p]plexity ) ref]5ce to 8 son ,c>l4 ,ro?mann sugge/$ t1 ?\gh ! op9ions ( 8 colleagues might be correct z to ! boy's inaptitude = !ological /udies1 !re 0 good reason to believe he might di/+ui% himself 9 ! pr(ession ( m$ic9e1 & possibly t he might accompli% great ?+s 9 ! pursuit ( natural hi/ory4 ,at ! same "t he lib]ally (f]$1 9 case ! fa!r's circum/ances did n p]mit him to ma9ta9 8 son 9 a c\rse ( /udies1 to take him into 8 own h\se1 & provide = him dur+ ! ye> he mu/ rema9 at ! gymnasium4 ,?is g5]\s proposal 0 gratefully accept$1 & ! result 0 mo/ satisfactory4 ,l9nu receiv$ f 8 b5efactor a c\rse ( private in/ructions 9 physiology ) s mu* success1 t ! y\? 0 able to give a mo/ accurate report ( all he _h be5 taught4 ,at ! same "t1 ?is wor?y tea*] put him into ! "r me?od ( /udy+ botany1 %[+ ! necessity ( proce$+ 9 a sci5tific mann]1 & direct+ 8 att5tion to ! sy/em ( ,t\rne=t4 ,! v imp]fections he f\nd 9 ?is "w /imulat$ 8 desire = some?+ m p]fect1 & 71 9 ?is way1 ( use to ! future naturali/4 ,! ye> foll[+ 7#agbg7 ,l9nu proce$$ to ! ,univ]sity at ,lund1 furni%$1 z he has himself record$1 ) a 8n v cr$itable c]tificate40 ,?is curiosity1 aft] its k9d1 0 to ! effect t y\? at s*ool may be comp>$ to plants1 :i* sometimes baffle all ! skill ( ! g>d5]1 b1 be+ transplant$ to a diff]5t soil1 occasionally turn out well4 ,) ?is view1 & no o!r1 ! be>] 0 s5t to ! ,univ]sity1 :i*1 possibly1 might prove propiti\s to 8 progress6 ,happily1 ! "y man _h a fri5d at ! ,univ]sity1 9 8 =m] preceptor--he ( ! mild & g5tle disposition--:o kept back ! d\btful recomm5dation1 & procur$ 8 matriculation z "o ( 8 private pupils4 ,at ,lund1 ,l9nu lodg$ 9 ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,/obu1 pr(essor ( m$ic9e1 & physician to ! k+4 ,?is em95t man1 p]ceiv+ ! indu/ry ( 8 lodg]1 & 8 acquirem5ts 9 natural sci5ce1 all[$ him free access to 8 excell5t museum ( m9]als1 %ells1 & dri$ plants2 &1 highly delight$ ) ! idea ( a hortus siccus1 ,l9nu imm$iately began to collect all ! plants :i* grew 9 ! vic9ity1 & to 8glue !m ^u pap]40 ,/ill1 he 0 d5i$ ! privilege ( access to ! doctor's libr>y2 b1 z x fell out1 he manag$ to obta9 t also4 ,he =m$ an acqua9tance ) a fell[-lodg]1 a "y ,g]man /ud5t1 :o enjoy$ ! advantage he covet$1 &1 9 return = tea*+ him ! pr9ciples ( physiology1 he obta9$ ( ?is y\? books f ,/obu's libr>y4 ,he pass$ :ole nights 9 read+ ! volumes ?us cl&e/9ely procur$2 b x happ5$ t ! "m ( ,/obu1 :o 0 infirm & ail+1 lay awake sev]al nights 9 succession1 & see+ a light con/antly burn+ 9 ,l9nu's room1 fe>ful ( fire1 desir$ h] son to *ide ! "y ,smal&] = 8 c>elessness4 ,two nights aft]1 at midnight1 ! lad 0 surpris$ by a visit f 8 ho/1 :o f\nd him1 to 8 a/oni%m5t1 dilig5tly por+ ov] 8 books4 ,be+ ask$ :y he did n g to b$1 & :5ce he _h procur$ ! books1 he 0 compell$ to confess ev]y?+4 ,/obu ord]$ him imm$iately to g to b$2 & ! next morn+1 call+ = him1 gave him p]mission to make :at use he pleas$ ( 8 libr>y4 ,f t "t ?is excell5t man admitt$ ! y\? to ! utmo/ famili>ity1 receiv$ him at 8 own table1 & treat$ him ev5 z a son4 ,:ile botaniz+ 9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 ,l9nu 0 bitt5 9 ! "r arm by a v5om\s reptile1 & s s]i\s 7 ! consequ5ces t 8 life 0 endang]$4 ,z soon z he 0 p>tially recov]$1 he return$ to 8 fa!r's h\se1 9 ord] to recruit 8 heal? dur+ ! summ] vacation1 & :ile /ay+ 9 ,smal& he 0 p]suad$ by 8 k9d fri5d & b5efactor1 ,dr4 ,ro?mann1 to quit ,lund = ,upsala1 z a sup]ior s*ool ( m$ic9e1 & af=d+ besides1 _m o!r advantages ( :i* he c\ld easily avail himself4 ,9 ?is ,univ]sity--! fir/ & mo/ anci5t seat ( ,sw$i% le>n+1 & ! sc5e1 9 aft]-ye>s1 ( 8 greatness--our "y /ud5t und]w5t a sev]e process ( tra9+4 ,poor & unkn[n1 he _h no means ( add+ to ! scanty pittance 8 p>5ts 7 able to all[ him4 ,sc>cely c\ld !y af=d to give ! small sum ( #bjj silv] ducats 7ab\t #h7 t[>ds ! exp5ses ( 8 education !re4 ,9 a %ort "t he f\nd 8 pockets q empty2 & hav+ no *ance ( obta9+ private pupils1 he va9ly look$ = any o!r s\rce ( ma9t5ance4 ,9 a few words1 he ?us t\*+ly records ! tale ( 8 suff]+1 & ! fir/ beam ( hope t %one across 8 pa?4 ,z ,petronius says1 pov]ty is ! att5dant ( a good m9d2 & ,l9nu 0 n )\t x 9 ?is univ]sity1 444 he 0 oblig$ to tru/ to *ance = a meal1 & 9 ! article ( dress 0 r$uc$ to su* %ifts t he 0 oblig$1 :5 8 %oes requir$ m5d+1 to pat* !m ) fold$ pap] in/ead ( s5d+ !m to ! cobbl]4 ,ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ zoologi/ ,france ev] produc$1 ,m4 de ,lam>ck1 /at$ to a fri5d1 8,i 0 poor1 inde$1 b ,i _h n1 l ,l9nu1 to ga!r up my fell[-/ud5ts' old %oes to we>40 ,he rep5t$ ( 8 j\rney to ,upsala1 & ( 8 dep>ture f ! ro( ( ,/obu2 b to return to ,lund 0 a tiresome & exp5sive und]tak+4 ,/obu1 too1 _h tak5 x v ill1 t a pupil :om he lov$ s s9c]ely _h left t ,univ]sity )\t consult+ him4 ,at ?is "t ,l9nu1 9 spite ( 8 great indu/ry & simple mann] ( liv+1 naturally _h consid]able anxieties ab\t 8 success 9 life4 ,x *anc$ "o day1 9 ! autumn ( ! ye> #agbh1 :il/ ,l9nu 0 v int5tly exam9+ "s plants 9 ! academical g>d51 !re ent]$ a v5]able old cl]gyman1 :o ask$ him :at he 0 ab\t1 :e!r he 0 acqua9t$ ) plants1 :5ce he came1 & h[ long he _h be5 prosecut+ 8 /udies8 ,to all ^! que/ions he return$ satisfactory answ]s1 & 0 !n invit$ to accompany 8 int]rogator to 8 h\se1 :i* prov$ to be t ( ,dr4 ,olaus ,celsius4 ,?is e/imable & le>n$ man1 to :om ,sc&9avia owes s mu* 9 reg>d to natural hi/ory1 _h j return$ f ,/ockholm1 :]e he _h be5 engag$ 9 prep>+ 8 celebrat$ "w ^u ! plants m5tion$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* he publi%$ 9 #agde1 hav+ travell$ to ! ,ea/ on purpose to make x m complete4 ,little did ,celsius imag9e t ! y\?1 :om he fir/ met1 by *ance1 9 ! academical g>d5 at ,upsala1 0 de/9$1 9 aft] ye>s1 by 8 g5ius1 to immortalize its fame4 ,he1 h[ev]1 soon disc]n$ ! m]its ( ,l9nu1 took him "u 8 protection1 (f]+ him bo>d & lodg+ 9 8 own h\se1 & all[+ him ! full use ( 8 libr>y1 :i* 0 v ri* 9 botanical books4 ,among all 8 patrons1 ,l9nu appe>s to h de>ly *]i%$ ! memory ( ?is v5]able man1 nev] ref]r+ to him b 9 t]ms ( rev]5ce & gratitude4 ,! fri5d%ip & patronage ( "o s di/+ui%$1 did n fail to procure = ! y\? ! advantages he s mu* ne$$4 ,be=e long1 ! son ( ,pr(essor ,rudbeck1 & o!r "y m51 became 8 private pupils1 & by ?is means 8 pecuni>y wants 7 suppli$4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 seems to h giv5 ,l9nu s mu* satisfaction 9 review+ ! ev5ts ( ?is p]iod ( 8 e>ly hi/ory1 z ! intimate fri5d%ip he n[ contract$ ) a fell[-/ud5t1 nam$ ,art$i1 :o aft]w>ds di/+ui%$ himself by 8 k ( fi%es & umbellif]\s plants4 ,to ! picture he has drawn ( 8 fri5d1 ,l9nu has add$ a slight sket* ( himself4 ,!re 0 a great diff]5ce 9 ! p]sonal appe>ance1 z well z 9 ! temp]am5t & disposition ( ! two y\?s4 ,art$i 0 ( a tall & h&some figure1 m s]i\s1 & ( a delib]ate judgm5t2 :]eas 8 fri5d 0 %ort 9 /ature & /\t1 ha/y 9 temp]1 & ( a sangu9e turn4 ,! two companions pursu$ _! fav\rite /udies ) an hon\rable _s ( emulation4 ,!y divid$ ! k+doms & prov9ces ( nature betwe5 !m1 & :ile ,l9nu yield$ ! palm to ,art$i 9 i*?yology 7! sci5ce ( fi%71 ! latt] ackn[l$g$ ,l9nu to be 8 sup]ior 9 entomology1 or t ( insects4 ,ea* kept 8 discov]ies to himself1 ?\gh = no great l5g? ( "t1 s9ce n a day pass$ )\t "o surpris+ ! o!r by n>rat+ "s new fact1 s t emulation produc$ mutual indu/ry ( rese>*1 & /imulat$ ea* to new ex]tions4 ,l9nu 0 n[ 9 8 tw5ty-second ye>1 ab\t :i* "t he met ) a review ( ,le ,vaillant's treatise1 8,sur la ,/ructure des ,fleurs0 78,on ! ,/ructure ( ,fl[]s071 by :i* 8 curiosity 0 excit$ to a close exam9ation ( ! /am5s & pi/ils 7! c5tral & reproductive /ructures71 &1 p]ceiv+ ! ess5tial importance ( ^! p>ts ( ! plant1 he =m$ ! design ( a new me?od ( arrangem5t1 f\nd$ ^u ^! organs4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ dawn+ idea ( t great sy/em ^u :i* 8 subsequ5t fame 0 bas$4 ,a fl[] ( a complete k9d consi/s ( ! p>ts ( ! plant :i* reproduce or =m ! se$1 enclos$ )9 two p>ticul> envelopes4 ,! envelopes ( ! fl[] are ! beautifully col\r$ p>ts call$ petals1 :i* =m ! corolla1 or inn] envelope1 & ! dull]-col\r$ or gre5 sepals outside ! corolla1 & :i* =m ! calyx4 ,protect$ by ^! cov]+s1 are ! c5tral p>ts or organs4 ,q 9 ! middle ( ! fl[] is ! ov>y1 made up ( "o or sev]al portions--! pi/ils1 :i* conta9 ! future se$s or ovules4 ,! top ( ! :ole1 :i* projects 9 ! middle ( ! fl[]1 is ! /igma1 & ! prolong$ "p b5ea? x is ! /yle1 & ?is surm\nts ! se$-case or ov>y4 ,outside ?is c5tral "p1 & betwe5 x & ! corolla1 are ! /am5s1 ea* ( :i*--= _! numb] v>ies--may consi/ ( a /alk or filam5t1 be>+ an an!r1 :i* is col\r$1 & conta9s ! poll51 or du/1 :i* f]tilizes ! ovule1 by fall+ on to ! /igma4 ,^! c5tral p>ts are ! reproductive organs1 & are ^? :i*1 above all o!rs1 are ! mo/ important1 = )\t !m a plant _c increase & multiply1 & w\ld become ext9ct4 ,! floral envelopes1 beautiful z !y are1 are n s ess5tial1 & are ( second>y importance 9 classification4 ,n[1 9 "s k9ds ( plants ! /igma & ! ov>y exi/ 9 "o individual & ! /am5s 9 ano!r4 ,! plant :i* be>s ! ov>y is call$ ! female1 & t :i* has ! poll5-mak+ "p is t]m$ ! male4 ,h5ce x is said t plants h sexes4 ,b 9 a va/ numb] ( plants ^! organs are comb9$ 9 ! same individual4 ,l9nu consid]$ ! /am5 to be ( prim>y importance1 & e/abli%$ elev5 classes ( plants di/+ui%$ by ! numb]s ( ! /am5s1 & ^! all relate to plants 9 :i* ! male & female organs are comb9$ 9 ! same individual4 ,?us ! r$ val]ian has "o /am5 only1 & x 0 class$ 9 mon&ria1 ! fir/ "p ( ! ^w mean+ 8"o0 & ! la/ 8male40 ,! lilac has two /am5s1 & 0 class$ 9 ! di&ria--8two male20 & o!r plants 7 classifi$ up to ^? :i* h t5 /am5s1 ! p9k1 = in/ance1 z dec&ria4 ,an elev5? class includ$ all plants :i* be> fl[]s conta9+ f twelve to n9ete5 /am5s1 su* z mignonette4 ,!n two m classes 7 inv5t$ to comprise--#a1 plants ) tw5ty or m /am5s plac$ on ! calyx1 z ! *]ry2 #b1 o!rs ) tw5ty or m /am5s :i* are plac$ on /alks ris+ f bel[ ! ov>y1 z 9 ! butt]cup4 ,o!r classes 7 =m$ accord+ to ! relative l5g? ( ! /am5s1 z 9 ! foxglove & wallfl[]1 & also f ! gr\p+ ( ! /am5s 9 bundles4 ,!n !re 7 ?ree v important classes 9 :i* ! sexes are 9 sep>ate fl[]s4 ,f9ally1 ! fl[]less plants1 su* z ! f]ns1 li*5s1 & fungi1 7 unit$ z cryptogamia1 hav+ _! organs ( reproduction m or less conceal$4 ,! next "p ( ! classification ref]s to ord]s :i* are subdivisions ( classes4 ,! ord]s ( ! fir/ ?irte5 classes1 m5tion$ above1 are f\nd$ on ! numb] ( /yles 7or ( /igmas if ^! are abs5t71 & ! names giv51 relate to ! numb] & ! t]m gynia1 or female4 ,?us ! ord] monogynia includes plants ( all ! ?irte5 classes t h only "o /yle to ea* fl[]1 su* z ! primrose2 & s on1 until polygynia1 or 8_m female0--plants ( su* an ord]1 hav+ m ?an twelve /yles1 l ! rose & clematis4 ,"o class has a v important division into two ord]s1 "o ( :i* has nak$ & ! o!r cov]$ se$s2 ano!r has ord]s f ! %ape ( ! fruit or pod4 ,l9nu divid$ ! cryptogamia into six ord]s--! f]ns1 mosses1 liv]worts1 li*5s1 fungi1 & seawe$s4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is classification enables ! "n ( a plant to be discov]$1 if x has be5 prop]ly describ$ & nam$1 v easily1 & x add$ to ! facilities ( classificatory botany4 ,b x did n br+ plants hav+ _m o!r & v important *>act]s toge!r1 & x sep>at$ _m :i* are closely alli$ by simil> /ructures4 ,x 0 & is call$ ! artificial sy/em4 ,x 0 n a natural classification l t =e%ad[$ by ,ray4 ,! c>eful di/9ction ( ! sexes ( plants 01 ( c\rse1 ! f\ndation ( ! sy/em1 & to t ,l9nu paid great att5tion4 ,writ+ a little treatise on ! subject1 he %[$ x to ,celsius1 :o communicat$ x to ,dr4 ,rudbeck4 ,?is man1 free f ! usual jeal\sy ( ! age1 took ,l9nu z 8 assi/ant1 & ask$ him to lecture 9 ! botanical g>d54 ,?us ! "y man became a tea*] 9 ! v place :]e he _h appli$ ! ye> be=e = ! humble situation ( g>d5]4 ,dr4 ,rudbeck1 moreov]1 took him into 8 h\se z tutor to 8 *ildr51 & ?us he _h access to a f9e collection ( books & draw+s on natural hi/ory subjects4 ,8 morn+s 7 !n occupi$ 9 giv+ in/ruction to ! /ud5ts1 & 8 ev5+s 9 compos+ ! new sy/em & m$itat+ a g5]al re=mation 9 botanical sci5ce4 ,he _h no "t to wa/e at ,upsala4 ,x w h be5 notic$ h[ k9dly ,l9nu 0 treat$ by a few true lov]s ( sci5ce1 & x 0 greatly to ! hon\r ( ! good simple p ( sci5ce-lov+ ,sc&9avia4 ,p imag9e t ! progress & prosp]ity ( sci5tific m5 dep5d ^u !mselves alone2 b _m a promis+ c>e] has be5 arre/$ by petty jeal\sy & ! expression ( ill w on ! "p ( ^? :o are second-rate m5 ( sci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 truly di/+ui%$ sci5tific m5 are mo/ly only too glad to assi/ e>ne/1 h>d-work+1 & m]itori\s /ud5ts4 ,l9nu f\nd t he 0 no exception to ! rule t appe>s to det]m9e t a prosp]\s poor man %all h enemies4 ,he 0 oppos$ by a ,dr4 ,ros5 on 8 return f =eign travel1 b ,l9nu /ood 8 gr\nd4 ,b :5 8 fa!r sugge/$ a voyage into ,lapl& to collect plants1 ,l9nu gladly seiz$ ! opportunity1 & aft] arrangem5ts _h be5 made1 he w5t to /ay a:ile at home4 ,e>ly 9 #agcb ,l9nu left 8 fa!r's h\se1 to set out on 8 ardu\s und]tak+4 ,on 8 way to ,upsala he paid a visit to 8 =m] fri5d & preceptor1 ,/obu1 at ,lund1 & /udi$ 8 collection ( m9]als1 ! only bran* ( natural hi/ory ) :i* 7he tells u7 he 0 unacqua9t$4 ,he %ortly aft] proce$$ to ,upsala1 f :i* place he set out on 8 j\rney alone1 ,may #ab?1 #agcb1 8be+ at t "t )9 half a day ( tw5ty-five ye>s ( age40 ,dur+ ?is j\rney ,l9nu travell$ ov] ! great] "p ( ,lapl&1 skirt+ ! b\nd>ies ( ,norway1 & return$ to ,upsala by ! ea/]n side ( ! ,bo?nian ,gulf1 hav+ p]=m$ a j\rney ( ne> f\r ?\s& ,engli% miles1 mo/ly on foot1 9 five mon?s4 ,he necess>ily endur$ _m h>d%ips & va/ fatigue1 & 8 life 0 sev]al times imp]ill$4 ,bogs & =e/s int]cept$ 8 way1 & food1 ev5 ( ! co>se/ description1 0 occasionally n easily procur$2 yet1 amid all difficulties1 8 _s 0 unflagg+1 & ob/acles only seem$ to quick5 8 zeal4 ,! natural curiosities ( ! c\ntry1 ! mann]s ( ! p1 & ! g5]al features ( ! v>i\s regions he trav]s$1 all 7 obs]v$ & writt5 d[n = future use4 ,he collect$ above a hundr$ plants1 entirely undescrib$ & unkn[n be=e1 & ^u 8 return arrang$ all ! flora ( ,lapl& accord+ to 8 own fav\rite sy/em1 & deliv]$ an acc\nt ( 8 j\rney publicly4 ,! result ( 8 botanical obs]vations 0 n publi%$ = sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds1 dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,holl&4 ,?is exp$ition 0 ! fir/ & mo/ difficult ( all ! six j\rneys ( ,l9nu4 ,he spoke ( x aft]w>ds 9 "o ( 8 academical addresses 9 ^! words3 8,my j\rney ?r\gh ,lapl& 0 p>ticul>ly toilsome1 & ,i own t ,i 0 oblig$ to su/a9 m h>d%ips & dang]s 9 t sole p]egr9ation ?r\gh ! fronti] ( our nor!rn _w1 ?an 9 all ! o!r travels ,i und]took 9 o!r p>ts4 ,b hav+ once su/a9$ ! toils ( travell+1 ,i buri$ 9 ! oblivion ( ,le! all ! dang]s & difficulties ,i endur$1 ! invaluable fruits ,i reap$ hav+ comp5sat$ = e toil40 ,writ+ to a fri5d on ! same subject1 he says3 8,all my food 9 ^! fatigu+ excursions consi/$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( fi% & re9de]'s milk4 ,bread1 salt1 & :at is f\nd ev]y:]e else1 did b seldom recreate my palate4 ,"o ( ! greate/ nuisances :i* ,i met ) 9 ,lapl& 0 ! imm5se numb] ( flies4 ,i us$ to keep !m (f1 by draw+ a crape ov] my face40 ,! y\?ful travell] />t$ on 8 adv5tur\s j\rney 8)\t encumbrances ( any k9d1 & c>ri$ all 8 baggage on 8 back10 by :i* means alone he 0 enabl$ to prosecute ! objects he _h 9 view4 ,leav+ ,upsala by ! nor!rn gate1 he travell$ = a consid]able di/ance ?r\gh f]tile corn-fields1 b\nd$ by hills1 & ! view t]m9at$ by ext5sive =e/s4 ,) respect to situation & v>iety ( prospects1 ! "y ,sw$e 0 ( op9ion t sc>cely any city c\ld /& a comp>ison ) ?is4 ,at a %ort di/ance f ! gates he left1 on ! "r1 ,old ,upsala1 ! place r5[n$ = ! wor%ip ( ! primeval gods ( ,sw$51 & = ! inauguration & resid5ce ( h] e>lie/ k+4 ,"h1 9 days ( high antiquity1 human sacrifices 7 (f]$ at ! %r9es ( ! pagan deities1 & "h our travell] notic$ ! ?ree l>ge sepul*ral m\nds :i* tradition has assign$ to ! bodies ( ,od91 ,frigga1 & ,?or4 8,*e]$ ) ! song ( ! *>m+ l>k10 :i* att5d$ 8 /eps ?r\gh ! l[l&1 8 approa* to ! =e/ 0 welcom$ by ! r$w+1 8^: amor\s w>bl+s f ! tops ( ! spruce firs0 appe>$ to him to rival ! night+ale itself4 ,z ! summ] 0 advanc+1 he ?\ght x n desirable to lose "t by ! way1 nor to /ray f> f ! high road 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! t\r2 b att5tively obs]v+ :at pres5t$ itself to him z he pass$ along1 he not$ ! v>i\s plants1 animals1 & insects1 toge!r ) ! g5]al features ( ! c\ntry4 ,arriv$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,m$elpad1 he asc5d$ its highe/ m\nta91 leav+ 8 horse 8ti$ to an anci5t ,runic monum5tal /one40 ,he f\nd sev]al uncommon plants "h2 & f ! summit1 gaz$ on ! c\ntry spread out bel[1 v>i$ ) pla9s & cultivat$ fields1 villages1 lakes1 & riv]s--a mo/ picturesque & romantic region4 ,! desc5t 0 v difficult1 & ev5 dang]\s4 ,leav+ ?is m\nta91 he took 8 r\te along ! sea-%ore1 :i* 0 spread ) ! wrecks ( vessels1 tell+ to ! feel+ he>t ( ! "y travell] a sad tale ( woe4 8,h[ _m pray]s1 sighs1 te>s1 v[s1 & lam5tations--all1 alas6 9 va9--rose to my imag9ation at ?is melan*oly spectacle60 he exclaims4 ,! sight rem9d$ him ( a /ud5t :o1 go+ by sea f ,/ockholm to ,abo1 exp]i5c$ s sev]ely ! t]rors ( ! ocean1 t he *ose to walk back r\nd ! head ( ! ,bo?nian ,gulf1 r ?an adv5ture himself aga9 ^u ! deep4 ,?is y\?1 aft]w>ds a ,pr(essor at ,abo1 assum$ ! surname ( ,till&s1 expressive ( 8 atta*m5t to t]ra firma1 & ,l9nu nam$ 9 hon\r ( him1 a plant :i* _c be> wet4 ,9 five or six days1 ,l9nu rea*$ ,h]nos&1 ! pr9cipal t[n ( ,ang]mania1 on ! ,bo?nian ,gulf1 & visit$ a trem5d\sly /eep & l(ty m\nta9 call$ ,skula1 :]e 0 a cav]n1 :i* he desir$ to explore4 ,"h he 0 )9 a hair's bread? ( a fatal accid5t1 = "o ( ! peasants :o accompani$ him1 9 climb+ up1 loos5$ a l>ge /one1 :i* 0 hurl$ d[n ! track ,l9nu _h j left1 & fell exactly on ! spot he _h occupi$4 8,if ,i _h n 7he says7 provid5tially *ang$ my r\te1 nobody w\ld ev] h he>d ( me m2 ,i 0 surr\nd$ by fire & smoke1 & %\ld c]ta9ly1 b = ! protect+ h& ( ,provid5ce1 h be5 cru%$ to pieces40 ,f ?is po9t ( ! j\rney a *ange came ov] ! face ( nature4 ,! c\ntry 0 cov]$ ov] ) sn[1 9 "s places in*es deep2 ! pretty spr+ fl[]s disappe>$1 & 9 _! place no?+ b w9try plants 7 se5 peep+ ?r\gh ! sn[4 ,at l5g?1 on ! #bcrd ( ,may1 he rea*$ ,uma1 9 ,we/ ,bo?nia1 :]e he turn$ out ( ! ma9 road to ! left1 design+ to visit ,lycksele1 ,lapm>k2 by :i* means he lo/ ! advantage ( ! regul> po/ horses1 & f\nd ! ways s n>r[ & intricate1 t at e /ep he /umbl$4 8,9 ?is dre>y wild]ness ,i began to feel v solit>y1 & to long e>ne/ly = a companion 7he says72 ! few inhabitants ,i met _h a =eign acc5t1 & always conclud$ _! s5t5ces ) an adjective40 ,z ! night %ut 91 ! way-worn travell] began also to long = a good meal1 & has ?us record$ ! result ( 8 application1 on arriv+ at a village :]e he pass$ ! night3--8,on my inquir+ :at ,i c\ld h = supp]1 !y set be=e me ! brea/ ( a cock ( ! woods1 :i* _h be5 %ot & dress$ "s "t ! prec$+ ye>4 ,its aspect 0 n v invit+2 b ! ta/e prov$ delici\s1 & ,i f\nd1 ) pleasure1 t ^! poor ,lapl&]s "k bett] ?an "s ( _! m opul5t neighb\rs1 h[ to employ ! good ?+s :i* ,god has be/[$ ^u !m40 ,! bird is prep>$ by a process ( salt+ & dry+1 & w keep ev5 = ?ree ye>s1 if necess>y4 ,l9nu next proce$$ up ! riv] ( ,uma z f> z ,lycksele1 :]e he 0 hospitably receiv$ by ! wor?y pa/or ( ! place2 & ! next day1 be+ ,:it-,sunday1 he /ay$ !re1 & w\ld fa9 h rema9$ long]2 b1 = fe> ( ! floods imp$+ 8 j\rney1 he ha/5$ 8 dep>ture on ! morr[1 & on ! #a/ ( ,june ent]$ ! t]ritories ( ! native ,lapl&]s1 pass+ ?r\gh wild =e/s1 ) no traces ( roads4 ,a m desolate picture ( wret*$ness ?an ?is region pres5t$1 c\ld h>dly be imag9$4 ,x 0 flood$ by ! riv]s1 & ! bogs 7 utt]ly impassable4 ,at e /ep ! wat] 0 above ! knees1 & ! feet felt ! ice at ! bottom4 8,we pursu$ our j\rney 7cont9ues ! di>y7 ) consid]able lab\r & difficulty all night long1 if t might be call$ night :i* 0 z light z ! day1 ! sun disappe>+ = half an h\r only1 & ! temp]ature ( ! air be+ r cold40 ,! poor inhabitants _h !mselves1 at ?is season1 no?+ to eat b a scanty supply ( fi%2 = !y _h n begun to kill _! re9de]1 nor to milk !m4 ,9 addition to ^! evils1 ! villa9\s bites ( ! gnats & o!r insects tortur$ ! unhappy travell]s1 till at l5g? he exclaims--8,i _h n[ my fill ( travell+60 ,gladly w\ld he h return$ by ! way he came1 b he c\ld f9d no road back2 & ev5 ! h>dy ,lapl&]s !mselves1 8born to lab\r1 z ! birds to fly10 c\ld n help compla9+1 & decl>$ !y _h nev] be5 9 su* extremity be=e4 ,x is evid5t t ev5 ! robu/ frame ( ,l9nu 0 beg9n+ to yield to ! comb9$ effects ( fatigue1 exhau/ion1 & hung]4 ,he at l5g? obta9$ "s food :i* he 0 able to eat1 & aft] incr$ible ex]tions succe$$ 9 retrac+ 8 /eps to ! riv]1 on :i* he aga9 emb>k$1 & return$ to ,uma2 hav+1 z he +5u\sly ackn[l$g$1 8) ! ?\ghtlessness ( y\?1 und]tak5 m ?an he 0 able to p]=m40 ,f ,uma1 ,l9nu proce$$ to ,pi?a1 :i* he rea*$ aft] two days' j\rney1 8! night be+ z pleasant = travell+ z ! day40 ,he notices ! beauty ( ! fre% %oots ( ! spruce fir1 :i* con/itute "o ( ! greate/ ornam5ts ( ! =e/s :i* adorn ?is "p ( ,sw$54 ,be+ anxi\s to proce$ ) all ha/e1 9 ord] if possible to rea* ! ,alps ( ,lulean ,lapl&1 89 "t to see ! sun above ! horizon at midnight1 :i* is beheld !n to ! be/ advantage10 ! travell] made no long] /ay at ,lulea ?an 0 ne$ful = ! purposes ( explor+ ! neighb\r+ coa/ & isl&s4 ,he has not$ ! v>i\s entomological & o!r specim5s he obs]v$1 &1 aft] admir+ ! beauty ( "s ( !m1 exclaims1 9 a sort ( rapture--8,! obs]v] ( nature sees ) admiration t ! :ole _w is full ( ! glory ( ,god40 ,dur+ ?is voyage1 ,swanb]g1 :o has tak5 great delight 9 ,l9nu's conv]sation1 (f]$ to in/ruct him 9 ! art ( assay+ )9 a v %ort "t1 if he w\ld agree to visit ,calix1 on 8 way homew>d4 ,at ,quickjock1 ! wife ( ! curate provid$ our travell] ) /ores suffici5t = eight days1 & procur$ him a ,lapl&]1 ^: assi/ance z int]pret] & s]vant 0 highly necess>y4 8,on my fir/ asc5d+ ^! wild ,alps 7he says71 ,i felt z if 9 a new _w4 ,"h 7 no =e/s to be se51 b m\nta9s ^u m\nta9s1 l>g] & l>g]1 z ,i advanc$1 all cov]$ ) sn[2 no road1 no tracks1 nor any sign ( inhabitants 7 visible4 ,! decl9+ sun nev] disappe>$ suffici5tly to all[ any cool+ %ade1 & by climb+ to ! m elevat$ p>ts ( ^! l(ty m\nta9s1 ,i c\ld see x at midnight1 above ! horizon4 ,?is spectacle ,i consid]$ z n "o ( ! lea/ ( nature's miracles1 = :at inhabitant ( o!r c\ntries w\ld n wi% to behold x8 ,o ,"l1 h[ wond]ful are ?y works60 ,9 ?is froz5 region !re 7 no traces ( v]dure1 save 9 ! deep valleys betwe5 ! m\nta9s4 ,v few birds 7 visible1 except "s pt>migans1 ^? h>dy inhabitants ( ! bleak m\nta9 tops4 ,a pretty little incid5t1 record$ by ,l9nu1 %[s s k9d a he>t t x mu/ n be omitt$ "h4 8,! little ,alp9e v>iety ( ! pt>migan 0 n[ accompani$ by its "y4 ,i caught "o ( ^!1 ^u :i* ! h5 ran s close to me t ,i c\ld easily h tak5 h] also4 ,%e kept cont9ually jump+ r\nd & r\nd me1 b ,i ?\ght x a pity to deprive ! t5d] brood ( _! "m2 nei!r w\ld my compassion = ! "m all[ me long to deta9 h] (fspr+1 :i* ,i return$ to h] 9 safety40 ,aft] a long & we>isome j\rney along ^! m\nta9 passes1 ! travell] rea*$ "o ( ! cottages ( ! c\ntry4 ,"h ! inhabitants1 sixte5 9 numb]1 receiv$ him k9dly1 & gave him two re9de] sk9s to sleep betwe54 ,9 ! morn+ "s hundr$s ( re9de] came home to be milk$1 & x amaz$ ! /rang] to p]ceive t1 al?\gh to 8 eyes !y 7 all p]fectly alike1 yet ea* ( ! h]d _h its appropriate "n1 & 0 readily di/+ui%$ by ! own]s4 ,/e]+ 8 c\rse s\?-we/1 ,l9nu proce$$ to ! l(ty ice m\nta9s1 or 8ma9 ridge ( ! c\ntry10 :i* he _h no soon] rea*$1 ?an a /orm ov]took him1 accompani$ by a %[] ( ?9 pieces ( ice1 :i* soon encru/$ 8 g>m5ts4 ,! cold 0 int5se1 & ! :ole c\ntry 0 "o dazzl+ wa/e4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 _h he cross$ ! summit ( ! ridge ?an a *ange 0 p]ceptible1 & soon1 f ! l(ty heights1 he beheld ! ample =e/s ( ,norway ly+ f> b5ea?4 ,! :ole appe>ance ( ! c\ntry 0 p]fectly gre51 &1 not)/&+ its va/ ext5t1 look$ l a g>d5 9 m9iature4 ,! desc5t 0 sl[ & long protract$1 b at l5g? he rea*$ ! pla9s1 ( :i* he _h enjoy$ s glori\s a prospect4 8,no?+ 7he exclaims7 c\ld be m delightful to my feel+s ?an ?is transition f all ! sev]ity ( w9t]1 to ! w>m? & beauty ( summ]4 ,oh6 h[ mo/ lovely ( all is summ]6 ,! v]dant h]bage1 ! sweet-sc5t$ clov]1 ! tall grass rea*+ up to my arms1 ! grateful flav\r ( ! wild fruits1 & ! f9e wea!r t welcom$ me at ! foot ( ^! ,alps1 seem$ to refre% me bo? 9 m9d & body40 ,"h ,l9nu f\nd himself close to ! sea-coa/1 & he w5t to sea 9 a boat to se>* = ! natural productions ( t elem5t4 ,he w\ld fa9 h approa*$ ! celebrat$ :irlpool1 call$ ! ,mael/rom1 b he f\nd no "o will+ to v5ture x4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,july1 he arriv$ at ! p>sonage h\se ( ,ror/adt1 f ! occupant ( :i*1 himself a travell] & a naturali/1 ,l9nu receiv$ a cordial welcome4 ,a r significant entry 9 ,l9nu' di>y tells u t "h1 89 ?is f> di/ant nook ( ! wide peopl$ e>?10 ! "y en?usia/ f\nd an object ( surpass+ int]e/4 8,! pa/or 7he says7 has a h&some daught]1 nam$ ,s>ah ,rask1 eighte5 ye>s ( age2 %e seem$ to me uncommonly beautiful40 ,! next morn+1 ,l9nu took 8 leave ( ?is elysium1 & proce$$ on 8 way4 ,climb+ ! m\nta9s aga91 he f\nd a "w ( 8no small fatigue & exhau/ion10 & he has giv5 u a mo/ pa9ful acc\nt ( ! subsequ5t r\te he pursu$ t[>ds ! ,alps ( ,tornea4 8,:at ,i endur$10 he concludes1 8is h>dly to be describ$2 h[ _m we>y /eps ,i _h to set1 ! precipices t came 9 my way1 & my excessive fatigue4 ,wat] 0 our only dr9k dur+ ! j\rney1 & x nev] appe>$ s refre%+ z :5 we suck$ x out ( ! melt+ sn[40 ,at l5g?1 tir$ ( advanc+ fur!r into ?is inhospitable c\ntry1 he det]m9$ to return to ,quickjock4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 j\rney ?i!r 8 life 0 twice endang]$1 b at l5g? he rea*$ ! place ( 8 de/9ation1 8hav+ be5 f\r weeks )\t ta/+ bread40 ,aft] re/+ "s days at ,quickjock1 ,l9nu desc5d$ ! riv] aga9 to ,lulea1 :]e he 8le>n$ ! art ( assay+ f ! m9e-ma/]1 ,swanb]g1 at ,calix1 9 two days & a night10 & !nce 8 j\rney 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh ,tornea4 ,he _h int5d$ to visit ! m\nta9s1 b be=e he c\ld get ?i!r ! w9t] set 91 & he 0 oblig$ to return along ! coa/ on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,bo?nian ,gulf4 ,! la/ entry 9 8 j\rnal is dat$ ,octob] #aj?1 & is z foll[s3 8,ab\t "o o'clock1 ,p4,m41 ,i arriv$ safe at ,upsala4 ,to ! ,mak] & ,pres]v] ( all ?+s be praise1 hon\r1 & glory = ev]60 ,at fir/1 inde$1 he seem$ to reap b a humble rew>d = 8 toils4 ,on 8 arrival at home1 he pres5t$ to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces an acc\nt ( 8 exp$ition1 :i* obta9$ _! approbation1 & !y gave him #aab silv] doll>s 7n m ?an #aj7--;8 travell+ exp5ses4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+1 he began a private c\rse ( lectures on ! art ( assay+ 7:i* he _h le>n$ s clev]ly f 8 *ance companion dur+ ! ,lapl& j\rney74 ,?is art _h nev] be5 taught at ,upsala be=e2 & ! novelty ( ! subject1 ! skilful mann] 9 :i* he communicat$ in/ructions1 & ! reasonable t]ms he exact$1 secur$ ,l9nu a consid]able numb] ( pupils4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,l9n,,u 7,cont9u$74 ,! publication & reception ( ! artificial sy/em ( classify+ plants4 ,l9nu _h _m difficulties to cont5d )1 h[ev]4 ,he f\nd 8 old rival1 ,ros51 at "w2 & ,l9nu accuses ?is man ( ! meanness ( obta9+1 p>tly by entreaty1 p>tly by ?reats1 8 manuscript lectures on botany1 :i* he valu$ m ?an any?+ he possess$1 & :i* he aft]w>ds detect$ 8 rival 9 copy+4 ,?is =midable enemy next proce$$ to prev5t ,l9nu f obta9+ ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,!re 0 no room = ! "y botani/ at ,upsala1 &1 inde$1 botany appe>$ to be a bad pr(ession4 ,s he turn$ aga9 to m9]alogy1 & got up a /ud5ts' exp$ition to ,fahlun & ,dalec>lia4 ,he settl$ d[n at ,fahlun = a :ile z a tea*]1 & f\nd himself z x 7 9 a new _w1 :]e ev]ybody lov$ & assi/$ him4 ,he e>n$ money by 8 m$ical k4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,abo ask$ ,l9nu to give him "s in/ruction 9 botany & m9]alogy1 & became mu* atta*$ to ! "y man4 ,! bi%op advis$ ,l9nu to g abroad & get 8 doctor's degree1 & also to m>ry4 ,! la/ 0 z difficult z ! fir/1 b be+ m to 8 ta/e at ! "t1 he woo$ ! daught] ( ,dr4 ,john ,mora1 a man ( consid]able prop]ty4 ,! "y /ud5t made 8 proposals ) consid]able trepidation1 & _h he n be5 satisfi$ t ! lady 0 will+1 he w\ld h let ! matt] alone4 ,! wor?y doctor ?\ght well ( ,l9nu1 b n ( 8 prospects 9 life1 b he decid$ t aft] a lapse ( ?ree ye>s he w\ld give 8 reply4 ,?us1 at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e1 ,l9nu f\nd himself ) a betro!d1 no occupation1 & a great deal ( k & p]sev]ance4 ,he _h to live1 & s he det]m9$ to /ick to physic1 & to get a doctor's degree4 ,he contriv$ to scrape toge!r #ae1 & w5t on 8 way to ! ,univ]sity ( ,h>d]wyk4 ,fir/1 l a good son1 he w5t to see 8 fa!r1 & to console him on ! loss ( ! "m--a loss greatly felt by ! "y man at ?is critical p]iod ( 8 life4 ,!n ,l9nu j\rney$ to ! s\?1 & arriv$ at ,hamburg1 :]e 8 :ole "t 0 employ$ 9 view+ ! f9e g>d51 & ev]y?+ else wor?y ( att5tion4 ,! public libr>y he exam9$1 & also ! pr9cipal cab9ets ( natural hi/ory1 & he read !re = ! fir/ "t ! botanical works ( ,ray1 :om he e/eem$ z "o ( ! mo/ p5etrat+ obs]v]s ( ! natural aff9ity ( plants4 ,am/]dam 0 ! next place1 & !n ,h>d]wyk1 :]e1 aft] be+ exam9$1 & publi%+ a pap] on ! cure ( int]mitt5t fev]1 he 0 dubb$ ,m4,d4 ,he left = ,leyd51 & met ,dr4 ,gronovius1 to :om he %[$ 8 classification4 ,gronovius 0 s delight$ ) x t he _h x publi%$ at 8 own exp5se 9 eight l>ge %eets4 ,he call$ on ! celebrat$ ,bo]haave1 & aft] eight days' wait+ obta9$ an audi5ce4 ,bo]haave took a lik+ to ! "y man1 & recomm5d$ him to ,dr4 ,burmann1 ( ,am/]dam1 9 ^: h\se he rema9$ = _m mon?s4 ,dur+ t "t ,l9nu pr9t$ 8 8,fundam5ta ,botanica10 ( :i* a great writ] has said1 8x conta9s ! v ess5ce ( botanical philosophy1 & has nev] be5 sup]s$$ nor refut$40 ,he comm5d$ 8 book to 8 fri5d ,art$i1 :o _h j f9i%$ a "w on ,fi%es4 ,dea? put an end to ?is fri5d%ip ) ,art$i1 :o 0 accid5tally dr[n$4 ,?is /ay at ,am/]dam det]m9$ ! future c>e] ( ,l9nu1 = he 0 introduc$ !re to an ,engli% bank]1 ,mr4 ,clif=d1 ^: g>d5 at ,h>tec\p 0 "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 ,l9nu remov$ to ,mr4 ,clif=d's h\se1 :]e he said he liv$ l a pr9ce1 _h "o ( ! f9e/ g>d5s 9 ! _w "u 8 inspection1 p]mission to procure all ! plants t 7 want$ 9 ! g>d5 & su* books z 7 n to be f\nd 9 ! libr>y1 & ( c\rse enjoy$ all ! advantages he c\ld wi% =1 9 8 botanical /udies1 to :i* he devot$ himself day & night4 ,he got 8 description ( ! plants ( ,lapl& pr9t$1 & ev]ybody recogniz$ ! *>ms ( ! descriptions 9 ! book4 ,9 ! ye> #agcf1 ,l9nu paid a visit to ,engl&4 ,he did s by ! reque/1 & at ! exp5se1 ( ,mr4 ,clif=d1 :o 0 desir\s to procure v>i\s plants = 8 collection1 & t he %\ld communicate ) ! mo/ celebrat$ botani/s & horticulturi/s ( ! day4 ,he c>ri$ ) him a lett] f ,bo]haave to ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 :o 0 a m]e ri* collector 9 natural hi/ory1 & aft]w>ds f\nd] ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is lett] is /ill pres]v$ among ! ar*ives ( t in/itution1 & x is writt5 9 ! /ronge/ language ( recomm5dation4 ,not)/&+ su* an hon\rable introduction1 h[ev]1 ! old b>onet1 :o 0 a sort ( highly cultivat$ curiosity-%op keep] & n a sci5tific man1 0 indispos$ to d ju/ice to ! m]its ( a "y man ^: innovations on e/abli%$ sy/ems he view$ ) suspicion & dislike4 ,he !re=e treat$ ! /rang] ) coldness1 & dismiss$ him )\t any m>ks ( reg>d4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal objects ( int]e/ to ,l9nu1 9 ?is c\ntry1 0 ! botanical g>d5 at ,*elsea2 & f ! keep] ( t collection1 ,philip ,mill]1 an excell5t botani/1 he exp]i5c$ mu* att5tion1 & 0 suppli$ ) _m r>e plants4 ,! g>d5 at ,*elsea 0 ! fir/ 9 ,great ,brita9 t 0 subsequ5tly arrang$ accord+ to ! ,l9nan sy/em4 ,dr4 ,%aw1 ! ,ori5tal travell]1 ,pr(essor ,m>tyn1 ,pet] ,coll9son1 & _m o!r m5 ( true sci5ce1 receiv$ ,l9nu consi/5tly ) 8 te/imonials1 & admir+ 8 g5ius1 =w>d$ 8 objects by all ! means 9 _! p[]1 &1 on 8 return to ! ,cont95t1 cont9u$ to correspond ) him on subjects ( mutual int]e/ 9 sci5ce4 ,f ,london our travell] proce$$ to ,ox=d1 :]e he paid 8 respects to ! celebrat$ ,dill5ius1 ju/ly consid]$ "o ( ! fir/ botani/s ( ! "t4 ,?is le>n$ man 0 n by any means dispos$ to reg>d ,l9nu fav\rably4 ,he _h receiv$ f ,gronovius a %eet ( ! 8,g5]a ,plant>um10 & conceiv+ x to be writt5 9 opposition to him1 0 irate1 &1 po9t+ to ! "y ,sw$e1 said to a g5tleman :o *anc$ to be 9 8 company at ! mom5t ( ,l9nu's entry1 8,see1 ?is is ! "y man :o conf\nds all botany60 ,l9nu did n und]/& ,engli%1 b ! ^w 8conf\nd10 s simil> to ! ,lat9 confund]e1 let him into ! secret ( ! pr(essor's words4 ,he1 h[ev]1 %[$ no sign ( compreh5d+ him4 ,l9nu almo/ despair$ ( ga9+ ! fri5d%ip ( ?is le>n$ man1 & obta9+ f him ! plants he want$4 ,at l5g?1 on ! ?ird day ( 8 visit to ,ox=d1 he w5t to take leave ( ,dill5ius1 &1 9 p>t+1 said1 8,i h b "o reque/ to make ( y2 w y tell me :y y call$ me1 ! o!r day1 ! p]son :o conf\nds all botany80 ,unable to evade s direct a "q1 ,dill5ius took him to 8 libr>y1 & %[$ him ! %eet ( 8 g5]a :i* he _h obta9$4 ,x 0 m>k$ 9 sundry places ) notes ( qu]y4 8,:at signify ^! m>ks80 said ,l9nu4 8,!y signify all ! false g5]a ( plants 9 y\r book10 answ]$ ! o!r4 ,?is *all5ge l$ to an explanation1 9 :i* ,l9nu prov$ 8 accuracy 9 e in/ance4 ,! result 0 an entire *ange on ! "p ( ,dill5ius1 :o aft]w>ds deta9$ ,l9nu ) him a mon?1 & f\nd s mu* satisfaction 9 8 company t he kept him always 9 close conv]se1 sc>ce leav+ him an h\r to himself4 ,at la/ he p>t$ f him ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 aft] mak+ him ! (f] to /ay & %>e 8 sal>y1 :i* w\ld h suffic$ = !m bo?4 ,l9nu nev] le>n$ any language1 n ev5 ,dut*1 al?\gh he liv$ ?ree ye>s 9 ,holl&4 8,nev]!less10 he says1 8,i f\nd my way ev]y:]e well & happily40 ,despite ?is great ob/acle1 ,l9nu appe>s to h c\nt$ among 8 fri5ds & correspond5ts "s ( ! fair sex1 9 sev]al c\ntries4 ,lady ,ann ,monson 9 ,london1 & ,mrs4 ,blackburne at ,ox=d1 7 among ?is numb]2 & he _h a mo/ en?usia/ic admir] 9 ,miss ,jane ,cold51 ( ,am]ica1 :o 0 introduc$ to 8 notice by "o ( 8 correspond5ts1 z ! only lady kn[n to be sci5tifically acqua9t$ ) ! ,l9nan sy/em4 ,%e _h drawn & describ$ f\r hundr$ plants1 accord+ to 8 me?od1 us+ ,engli% t]ms4 ,pleas$ ) ! fav\r & int]e/ ?us manife/$1 ,l9nu ackn[l$g$ 8 s5se ( !m1 by pres]v+ ! names ( ^! ladies 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 &1 among o!rs1 he nam$ two g5]a ( beautiful plants1 ,monsonia & ,cold5ia4 ,! /udy ( botany 0 s greatly promot$ & facilitat$ by ! easy & pleasant me?od introduc$ by ,l9nu1 t x is no wond] ! ladies ackn[l$g$1 ) gratitude1 _! obligation to ! naturali/ :o fir/ orig9at$ a me?od by :i* ?is delightful /udy c\ld be br\ght )9 ! atta9m5t ( all :o lov$ x4 ,l9nu wi%$ to visit ,p>is1 & travell$ by way ( ,leyd51 :]e he enjoy$ ! society ( ,lieb]khn1 a pr(essor possess$ ( 8incomp>able microscopes40 ,he /opp$ !re until ! spr+ ( #agch1 & n long be=e 8 dep>ture1 he _h an affect+ int]view ) ! great ,bo]haave1 !n on 8 dea?-b$4 ,?is illu/ri\s man1 :o _h prov$ himself s g5]\s a fri5d to ! "y naturali/1 took a sorr[ful & affectionate leave ( him4 ,8 p>t+ words 73 8,i h liv$ out my "t1 & done :at ,i c\ld2 may ,god pres]ve !e1 f :om ! _w expects mu* m4 ,f>ewell1 de> ,l9nu60 ,l9nu fell ill1 & 0 att5d$ by 8 fell[-lab\r]1 ,von ,swiet51 & on 8 recov]y ,mr4 ,clif=d s5t him = a t\r into ,brabant4 ,!nce he w5t to ,p>is1 saw ! ,jussieus & ,raumur1 & 0 admitt$ a correspond+ memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ce4 ,leav+ ,p>is1 he w5t nor?w>ds to see 8 fa!r1 & !n to 8 love4 ,! c\rse ( true love _h run v crook$ly1 = a mutual fri5d1 :o _h be5 ! m$ium ( ! correspond5ce ( ! lov]s1 fell 9 love ) ! lady himself4 ,%e 0 true1 h[ev]1 & !y 7 f9ally betro!d4 ,x 0 /range t ! greate/ botani/ ( ! day c\ld n get a liv+ out ( 8 sci5ce1 & x is n to ! cr$it ( 8 native c\ntry4 ,aga9 ,l9nu _h to take to physic1 & settl+ at ,/ockholm1 f\nd t ! p w\ld n tru/ him ) ! cure ( _! dogs1 mu* less ) t ( !mselves4 ,abroad he _h be5 hon\r$ ev]y:]e1 & 9 8 own c\ntry he 0 a nobody4 ,all ( a sudd5 ?+s *ang$1 he cur$ somebody1 & ev]ybody w5t to him to be cur$4 ,!n 8 /> began to %9e1 ! p ( ,upsala began to rememb] him4 ,c\nt ,tess91 :o _h be5 tutor to ! ,k+ ( ,sw$51 & :o 0 a lov] ( natural hi/ory1 procur$ him a sal>y ( two hundr$ ducats a ye>1 on condition t he w\ld give public lectures on botany & m9]alogy4 ,l9nu wrote ( ?is good fri5d3 8,he receiv$ me1 a /rang]1 on my return2 he obta9$ me a sal>y f ! ,/ates1 ! appo9tm5t ( physician to ! ,admiralty1 ! pr(essor%ip ( ,botany at ,upsala1 ! title ( ,dean ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 ! fav\r ( two k+s1 & recomm5d$ me by a m$al1 to po/]ity40 ,hav+ a good income at la/1 ,l9nu entreat$ t 8 m>riage might n long] be delay$4 ,he m>ri$ ,s>a ,elizabe? ,mora1 at h] fa!r's home ne> ,fahlun4 ,"o ( ,l9nu's biograph]s says1 8,he 0 fond]1 on ! :ole1 ( m$dl+ ) plants ?an ) pati5ts20 & 9 ! true _s ( sci5ce1 ,l9nu gave up 8 lucrative practice to settle d[n z ,pr(essor ( ,botany to ! ,univ]sity ( ,upsala4 ,x 0 ! summit ( 8 wi%es1 & 9 #agda he began to reside at ,upsala1 :i* 0 to be 8 future home4 ,8 zeal1 tal5ts1 & widespread r5[n soon produc$ ! desir$ effect1 & 9 a few ye>s ! g>d5 at ,upsala rank$ equal1 if n sup]ior1 to simil> in/itutions 9 ,europe4 ,contributions to its /ores cont9ually p\r$ 9 f all qu>t]s1 & ! mo/ celebrat$ botani/s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 pres5t+ ! treasures ( e region & climate ( ! globe to its di/+ui%$ sup]9t5d5t4 ,six ye>s aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is g>d51 ! new pr(essor publi%$ its description4 ,! numb]s ( ! =eign species ( plants 9 x at t "t1 am\nt$ to "o ?\s& "o hundr$4 ,he 0 fill$ ) delight :5 he beheld ^! fruits ( 8 lab\rs4 ,z a tea*] & lectur]1 ,l9nu di/+ui%$ himself 9 a p>ticul> mann]4 ,8 old /ud5ts always spoke well ( 8 tea*+1 & he tra9$ "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ botani/s 9 ,europe4 ,! names ( ,kalm1 ,?unb]g1 ,sp>rman1 ,sol&]1 & ,fabricius1 = in/ance1 are well kn[n 9 ! sci5tific _w2 & !re is p]haps no?+ m truly hon\rable to ! memory ( _! great ma/]1 ?an ! fact t he 0 ! f\nd] ( su* a s*ool ( able & ent]pris+ m54 ,l9nu impress$ ^u 8 /ud5ts1 & took c>e to rememb] 9 8 own writ+s1 t x 0 absolutely necess>y to be exact 9 botanical descriptions--t ! g5us %\ld be prop]ly nam$1 & t x %\ld repres5t an idea into :i* c]ta9 species c\ld ent]4 ,to ! poor1 & ev5 to ! ri*1 =eign /ud5ts :o resid$ at ,upsala entirely on 8 acc\nt1 he 0 mo/ g5]\s1 refus+ ! p]quisites :i* he %\ld h receiv$ = 8 lectures4 ,to ! =m] he remitt$ ! money f purely b5evol5t motives1 :ile he decl9$ x f ! o!rs1 t he might conv9ce !m h[ truly pr\d he 0 ( 8 sci5ce1 s t he w\ld fa9 make x free ( co/ to ^? :o s\ght aft] x4 ,"o ( !m hav+ repeat$ly urg$ ,l9nu to accept a ,sw$i% bank-note z an ackn[l$gm5t = ! pa9s he _h tak5 to tea* him1 he said1 8,tell me c&idly1 are y ri*1 & c y af=d x8 ,c y well sp>e ?is money on y\r return to ,g]many8 ,if y c1 !n give ! note to my wife2 b1 if y be poor1 s help me ,heav51 ,i w take n a s+le f>?+ f y40 8,y are ! only ,swiss t visits me1 & ,i feel a pleasure 9 tell+ y all ,i "k1 gratis10 0 8 answ] to ano!r1 :o importun$ him 9 ! same mann]4 ,x 0 evid5t t he 0 nev] s mu* at home1 s entirely happy1 z 9 8 g>d51 & :ile se>*+ into ! secrets & hidd5 prop]ties & work+s ( nature4 ,h5ce he reckon$ x among ! *oice/ fav\rs v\*saf$ him by ,provid5ce1 t he _h be5 8inspir$ ) an incl9ation = sci5ce s passionate1 z to become ! s\rce ( highe/ delight to him40 ,8 dilig5ce & m9ute obs]vation 7 cont9ually add+ to 8 k1 & imp>t+ "s fre% light 9 ! /udy he lov$4 ,inde$1 aft] m5tion+ ) evid5t satisfaction ! hon\rs %[$ him1 ,l9nu some:at significantly1 & v curtly1 adds1 8,?us 0 he oblig$ to be a c\rti]1 contr>y to 8 incl9ation40 ,f 8 own acc\nt ( 8 p]sonal appe>ance we le>n t he 0 a little bel[ ! /&>d height1 & ( a /rong & compact figure4 ,he r /oop$ 9 walk+1 hav+ contract$ ?is habit f ! frequ5t exam9ation ( plants & o!r objects4 ,8 head 0 l>ge1 & a good deal rais$ beh9d1 & !re 0 a w>t on ! side ( 8 *eek4 ,8 hair 0 ( a d>k br[n1 till silv]$ by age1 :5 8 br[ became mu* furr[$ & wr9kl$4 ,8 eyes 7 br[n1 bright & pi]c+1 & 8 sight exce$+ly ke54 ,8 e>1 too1 0 v acute1 & quick 9 cat*+ e s\nd1 except t ( music1 9 :i* he took no delight4 ,8 natural temp]am5t1 he tells u1 0 vivaci\s2 prompt to joy1 sorr[1 & ang]1 b ! latt] 0 spe$ily appeas$1 & he 0 s av]se to disputes t he nev] w\ld answ] any ( 8 num]\s assailants4 ,9 8 e>ly days he 0 full ( en]gy & _s1 & ?r\gh life 8 movem5ts 7 rapid & agile4 ,9 8 habits he obs]v$ ! /ricte/ temp]ance & me?od4 ,he nev] delay$ any?+ he _h to d1 & not$ d[n imm$iately :at he wi%$ to rememb]4 ,he has record$ t he nev] neglect$ a lecture2 & by rigid economy ( "t1 & a regul> & exact di/ribution ( ! h\rs1 he complet$ ^? extraord9>y lab\rs :i* rema9 la/+ pro(s ( 8 tal5ts1 acut5ess1 & indu/ry4 ,( 8 wife1 ,l9nu makes hon\rable m5tion1 & numb]s h] z among ! *oice gifts be/[$ on him4 8,%e 010 he says1 8! wife = :om he mo/ wi%$1 & :o manag$ 8 h\sehold affairs :ile he 0 engag$ 9 labori\s /udies40 ,! ye> #agfd 0 m>k$ by sev]al ev5ts ( dome/ic int]e/ 9 ! life ( ,l9nu4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ he 0 attack$ by a viol5t pleurisy1 :i* ?reat5$ to cut %ort 8 exi/5ce4 ,he relates h[1 ) great difficulty1 & ?r\gh ! k9d assi/ance & consummate skill ( ,ros51 8 pres5t fri5d & old enemy1 he 0 br\ght safely ?r\gh ! crisis4 ,x is truly pleas+ to read 9 8 private memor&a1 ! gratitude he felt to 8 old rival1 & ! expressions ( intimate reg>d :i* !nce=w>d prevail$ betwe5 !m4 ,recov]$ f ?is illness1 ,l9nu retir$ to ,hamm>by1 to enjoy ! fre% invigorat+ air ( ! c\ntry1 & to celebrate 8 8,silf] ,brllop10 a ,sw$i% cu/om ( commemorat+ ! tw5ty-fif? return ( ! w$d+ day4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ celebrat$ pupils1 ,pr(essor ,fabricius1 has giv5 "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s respect+ 8 em95t ma/] at ?is p]iod ( 8 life4 8,= two :ole ye>s10 he says1 8,i 0 s =tunate z to enjoy 8 in/ruction1 guidance1 & confid5tial fri5d%ip4 ,:5 ,i became acqua9t$ ) ! ,*evali] von ,l9n1 al?\gh he _h n atta9$ 8 sixtie? ye>1 increas+ age _h already furr[$ 8 br[ ) wr9kles4 ,8 c\nt5ance 0 op51 almo/ con/antly s]5e1 & bore great resemblance to 8 portrait 9 ! book call$ ,species ,plant>um4 ,b 8 eyes1 ( all ! eyes ,i ev] saw1 7 ! mo/ beautiful4 ,!y c]ta9ly 7 b small1 b !y %one ) a brilliancy1 & _h a degree ( p5etration1 su* z ,i nev] obs]v$ 9 ano!r man4 ,8 m9d 0 noble & elevat$1 ?\gh ,i well "k "s p]sons h accus$ him ( sev]al faults4 ,b 8 greate/ excell5ce consi/$ 9 ! sy/ematic ord] ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,:atev] he did or said 0 fai?ful to ord]1 tru?1 & regul>ity4 ,8 passions 7 /rong & viol5t1 8 he>t op5 to e impression ( joy1 & he lov$ jocul>ity1 conviviality1 & good liv+4 ,an excell5t companion1 he 0 pleasant 9 conv]sation1 & full ( ent]ta9+ /ories2 at ! same "t1 sudd5ly r\s$ to ang]1 he 0 boi/]\s & viol5t1 b imm$iately 8 displeasure subsid$1 & he 0 all good-hum\r aga94 ,8 fri5d%ip 0 sure & inv>iable1 sci5ce be+ g5]ally its basis2 & e "o :o knew him mu/ be aw>e :at conc]n he always manife/$ = 8 pupils1 & ) h[ mu* zeal !y return$ 8 fri5d%ip4 ,9 summ] we foll[$ him into ! c\ntry4 ,our life 0 !n mu* happi]4 ,our dwell+ 0 ab\t a qu>t] ( a league di/ant f 8 h\se at ,hamm>by1 9 a f>m4 ,he rose v e>ly 9 summ]1 mo/ly ab\t f\r o'clock4 ,at six he came to u1 because 8 h\se 0 !n build+1 breakfa/$ ) u1 & gave lectures ^u ! natural ord]s ( plants z long z he pleas$1 & g5]ally till ab\t t5 o'clock4 ,we !n w&]$ ab\t among ! neighb\r+ rocks1 ! productions ( :i* af=d$ u pl5ty ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,9 ! aft]noon we w5t to 8 g>d51 & 9 ! ev5+ mo/ly play$ at ! ,sw$i% game ( trissett1 9 company ) ! ladies4 ,occasionally1 ! :ole family came to sp5d ! day ) u1 & !n we s5t = a peasant1 :o play$ on an in/rum5t resembl+ a viol91 to :i* we danc$ 9 ! b>n ( our f>m-h\se2 & ?\gh ! company 0 b small1 & ! dances sup]latively ru/ic1 we pass$ ! "t m]rily4 ,:ile we danc$1 ,l9nu sat look+ on1 & smok+ 8 pipe2 sometimes1 ?\gh v r>ely1 he danc$ a ,poli% dance1 9 :i* he excell$ e "o ( u "y m54 ,he 0 exce$+ly delight$ :5 he saw u 9 high glee1 nay1 ev5 if we became noisy4 ,8 only anxiety 01 t we might be well ent]ta9$4 ,^? days1 ^? h\rs1 w nev] be eras$ f my memory1 & e remembrance ( !m is grateful to my he>t60 ,he seems1 be=e s5d+ x1 to h add$ at ! close a sort ( summ>y ( 8 de$s1 8 m]its1 8 hon\rs1 & 8 obligations4 ,) ! scrupul\s c>e1 & love ( tru? & ju/ice1 :i* always *>act]iz$ him1 he reckon$ up1 "u ! latt] head1 ! v>i\s aids af=d$ him by 8 pupils & fri5ds2 &1 consci\s ( 8 high] obligations1 he enum]at$ ! fav\rs he _h receiv$ f ! ,div9e h& :i* he ackn[l$g$ _h l$ & prosp]$ him4 ,he _h p]mitt$ him to visit ,8 secret c\ncil *amb]s1 & to see m ( ! creation ?an any mortal be=e him1 & giv5 him great] k ( natural hi/ory ?an any "o _h hi!rto acquir$4 ,ev5 b5ea? ! pressure ( increas+ infirmities1 ! fondness ( ,l9nu = 8 belov$ /udies cont9u$ undim9i%$1 & 8 desire ( add+ to 8 k 0 ke5 z ev]4 ,"s ( 8 lett]s at ?is p]iod are full ( vivacity1 & /rik+ly express ! ard\r ( 8 zeal4 ,an idea ( _! _s may be ga9$ f a %ort extract tak5 f "o1 dat$ ,augu/ #h?1 #agga4 8,i receiv$ an h\r ago10 he writes1 8y\rs ( ! #af? ,july1 nor did ,i ev] get a m welcome lett]1 z x conta9s ! happy tid+s ( my de> ,sol&]'s safe return4 ,?anks & glory to ,god1 :o has protect$ him ?r\gh ! dang]s ( su* a voyage4 ,if ,i 7 n b\nd fa/ "h1 by sixty-f\r ye>s ( age & a worn-out body1 ,i w\ld ?is v day set out = ,london1 to see ?is great h]o 9 botany4 ,moses 0 n p]mitt$ to ent] ,pale/9e1 b only to view x f a di/ance2 s ,i conceive an idea 9 my m9d ( ! acquisitions & treasures ( ^? :o h visit$ e "p ( ! globe40 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aggd1 :ile lectur+ 9 ! ,botanic ,g>d51 he suff]$ an attack ( apoplexy1 ! debilitat+ effects ( :i* oblig$ him to rel9qui% all active pr(essional duties1 & to close 8 lit]>y occupations4 ,9 #aggf a second seizure sup]v5$1 :i* r5d]$ him p>alytic on ! "r side1 & impair$ 8 m5tal p[]s s mu* t he became a di/ress+ spectacle4 ,yet1 ev5 !n1 ) ! natural fl[ ( *e]fulness s peculi> to him1 he ?us describ$ 8 own situation3--8,l9nu limps1 c h>dly walk1 speaks un9telligibly1 & is sc>ce able to write40 ,nature rema9$1 to ! la/1 8 sole com=t & relief4 ,he us$ to be c>ri$ to 8 museum1 :]e he gaz$ on ! treasures he _h collect$ ) s mu* c>e & lab\r1 & z long z possible he cont9u$ to manife/ peculi> delight 9 exam9+ ! r>ities & new productions :i* _h be5 latt]ly add$ to !m by "s ( 8 pupils4 ,x is sc>cely possible to f9d a m /rik+ illu/ration ( ! 8rul+ passion /rong 9 dea?10 ?an is af=d$ 9 ! in/ance ( ,l9nu4 ,l+]+ & pa9ful 7 ! la/ twelve mon?s ( 8 exi/5ce2 b at l5g?1 on ! #aj? ,janu>y1 #aggh1 he g5tly expir$ 9 8 sleep1 9 ! sev5ty-fir/ ye> ( 8 age4 ,! dea? ( ,l9nu 0 reg>d$1 9 ,sw$51 z a national calamity4 ,! :ole ,univ]sity w5t into m\rn+1 & all ! pr(essors1 doctors1 & /ud5ts !n at ,upsala1 att5d$ 8 fun]al4 ,! k+1 9 8 spee* to ! ,/ates 9 ! same ye>1 publicly lam5t$ 8 dea?1 & ord]$ a m$al to be /ruck 9 8 hon\r2 & 9 #agih a monum5t 0 erect$ to him 9 ! ca!dral at ,upsala1 :]e he 0 int]r$4 ,su* a life ne$s b little comm5t4 ,x speaks = itself to ! y\? leav+ s*ool & kn[+ n :at to d1 to ! "y man /ruggl+ = exi/5ce & position1 to ! middle-ag$ man 9 8 weal? & influ5ce1 & to ! old man :o c>es to leave a good "n beh9d him4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,consolidation ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,plants4 ,! life ( ,de ,c&olle--,! ,natural ,sy/em4 ,!re is a "n :i* is v famili> to "y & old botani/s n[adays1 & :i* is always m5tion$ ) feel+s ( great respect4 ,x is t ( ,m4 de ,c&olle1 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! mod]n sy/em ( ! classification ( plants :i* is us$ by ev]ybody n[ 9 pref]5ce to ! celebrat$ artificial me?od taught by ,l9nu4 ,augu/9 ,pyramus de ,c&olle 0 born at ,g5eva1 9 ,febru>y1 #aggh1 & 8 fa!r1 ,m4 ,augu/9e de ,c&olle1 0 desc5d$ f "o ( ! olde/ families ( ,prov5ce4 ,"o ( 8 ance/ors1 ,m4 ,pyramus de ,c&olle1 became a ,prote/ant1 & left ,france = ! fre] air ( ,switz]l&1 & settl$ at ,g5eva 9 #aeia4 ,?is g5tleman became a citiz5 ( ! t[n1 a memb] ( ! legislature1 & took up ! bus9ess ( a pr9t]4 ,8 presses gave =? translations ( ! works ( ,tacitus & ,x5ophon4 ,!y 7 /irr+ times1 & ?is en]getic man once1 9 travell+ ?r\gh ,gr5oble into ,switz]l&1 le>n$ t ! ,duke ( ,savoy int5d$ to take ,g5eva by surprise1 ) 8 army4 ,:5 ! attempt 0 made1 ,pyramus de ,c&olle f\ght z a citiz5 ( 8 adopt$ t[n4 ,subsequ5tly he w5t to ,yv]dun & e/abli%$ manufactories1 b ! jeal\sy ( ! ,b]nese ru9$ him1 & he di$ brok5-he>t$4 ,! family return$ to ,g5eva to live on small means1 & ! fa!r ( ,de ,c&olle became a bank]1 & 0 mu* employ$ by ! ,/ate dur+ tr\bl\s political times4 ,an indu/ri\s1 simple1 lov+1 clev] man 0 ! fa!r1 & he m>ri$ ,mademoiselle ,brire4 ,de ,c&olle wrote ( 8 "m3 8,%e 0 an educat$ woman1 good1 fond ( fun1 & clev]2 %e 0 gift$ ) all ! graces & virtues ( ! m9d1 & %e contribut$ by h] amiable conv]sations & tea*+s to give me a ta/e = sci5ce & lit]ature4 ,%e _h only "o fault1 & x /rangely en\gh influ5c$ my "*4 ,%e 0 pr\d ( h] family1 :i* %e consid]$ 0 sup]ior 9 /ation to t ( my fa!r1 because h] "m 0 a di/ant relation ( ,la ,=t1 ! m9i/] ( ,pet] ! ,great ( ,russia4 ,%e took e opportunity ( mak+ my fa!r feel ?is pret5d$ sup]iority1 s t :5 he became =ty-eight ye>s ( age1 he ?\ght t he w\ld make himself kn[n to 8 relatives & take up 8 nobility 9 ,prov5ce1 & %[ 8 wife t 8 desc5t 0 bett] ?an h]s4 ,b my fa!r took e opportunity ( tea*+ me t ability alone 0 ! real di/9ction among/ m51 & t nobility by itself 0 no?+1 & 0 a matt] ( accid5t4 ,s t my "m's exagg]at$ family notions1 & my fa!r's wise precepts1 com+ z !y did to me1 dur+ times ( political *ange1 develop$ 9 me a s9c]e love = fre$om1 & a contempt = all success except t :i* 0 des]v$40 ,de ,c&olle 0 born :5 8 fa!r 0 9 active (fice1 & ! e>lie/ recollections ( ! future naturali/ 7 ab\t 8 fa!r's milit>y comm&1 & ! endeav\rs ( ?is good citiz5 to pacify ! populace & ! rul+ p[]s1 :o 7 always 9 opposition4 ,! little fell[ 0 always ill1 & lo/ mu* ( ! outdoor play ( 8 companions2 b !re 0 comp5sation1 = he le>n$ to read fairly soon1 & at five ye>s ( age he us$ to read & pret5d to act plays2 & 8 he>t 0 9 8 /udies1 = :5 ,m4 de ,florian1 an au?or1 came to see ! family1 ! *ild told him t he 0 go+ to write com$ies1 & _h act$ !m4 ,at sev5 ye>s ( age he 0 f> 9 advance1 & !n came illness--sc>let fev]1 e>-a*e1 & ?reat5+ bra9 disease4 ,he us$ to say 9 aft] ye>s t he well rememb]$ see+ ev]y?+ look+ d\ble4 ,8 recov]y 0 v sl[1 & he 0 tak5 to ! c\ntry to a brisk air1 & !n he began to be robu/1 & = fifty ye>s aft] he nev] sp5t a day 9 b$4 ,b 8 fa!r did n s5d him to ! public s*ool2 he employ$ a tutor1 & ! *ild le>n$ no?+ dur+ ?ree ye>s4 ,!n came a little c\ntry life1 & ! fri5d%ip ( a man1 a di/+ui%$ naturali/1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,bonnet4 ,8 fir/ />t 9 sci5ce 0 homely en\gh4 ,8 "m us$ to collect ! h]bs & fruit out ( ! g>d51 & ! boy us$ to arrange :at %e ga!r$1 keep+ ! diff]5t k9ds sep>ate ) an exactitude t made ev]ybody amaz$4 ,he said t he ought to arrange ! fruit accord+ to _! natures4 ,:5 elev5 ye>s ( age1 ,de ,c&olle 0 s5t to ! college at ,g5eva1 & 0 plac$ 9 ! f\r? class1 "u a ma/] ( only mod]ate p[]s ( tea*+4 ,no great progress 0 made 9 /udy1 & ! boy 0 r>ely se5 9 ! upp] "p ( ! class4 ,"o day 8 fa!r came to ! college to inquire h[ ! boy 0 gett+ on1 & be+ a ,gov]nm5t (ficial 01 ( c\rse1 well receiv$4 ,a little arrangem5t by ! ma/]1 :i* excit$ ! contempt ( ! boy1 plac$ him at ! head ( ! class1 & s unfair did ?is seem t ! little fell[ told 8 fa!r t he _h no "r to be !re4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 remov$ to ! ?ird class1 & =tunately came "u a bett] ma/]4 ,"y ,de ,c&olle play$ h>d & got m heal?y1 & 8 /udies 7 n on]\s4 ,9 fact1 8 "m did m = him ?an ! s*ool4 ,%e taught him 8 native language1 & gave him a love = poetry4 ,b ?is 0 almo/ cru%$ out by ! fooli% me?od ( tea*+ 9 ! s*ool4 ,if a boy want$ a holiday he _h to write to ! rector ( ! college = x 9 ,lat9 v]se1 & ( c\rse *ildr5 ( twelve ye>s ( age c\ld n compose suffici5tly well4 ,s !y copi$1 & ! result 0 t1 ye> aft] ye>1 ! rector receiv$ a collection ( ,lat9 lett]s :i* resembl$ ^? ( ! ye> be=e1 & ?is _h gone on = sev]al g5]ations4 ,h[ev]1 ! boy wrote to ! rector 9 ,fr5* v]se1 & 9 orig9al v]se4 ,?is 0 consid]$ some?+ out ( ! common1 & ! boy 0 prais$1 & 8 peculi> gift 0 fo/]$4 ,he became v intimate ) a s*ool-fell[ nam$ ,gaudy1 :o _h ! same ta/es1 & !y us$ to sp5d mu* ( _! "t 9 turn+ ,lat9 prose & poetry into v bad ,fr5* v]se4 ,soon aft] 8 old fondness = act+ return$1 & he 0 successful 9 private !atricals4 ,! boy work$ h>d at ?is amusem5t1 & le>n$ _m ( ! great ,fr5* trag$ies & com$ies1 & al?\gh ! "t 0 app>5tly wa/$1 yet ,de ,c&olle us$ to say t x did 8 memory good1 gave him a good /yle1 & took away n]v\sness4 ,!n 8 fa!r gave him a good private tutor1 & ! boy ent]$ ! fir/ class4 ,!re he f\nd a ma/] :o insi/$ on regul> & pr(itable /udy1 besides ,lat9 v]se1 & ! result 0 t ,de ,c&olle began to di/+ui% himself & took prizes4 ,"o prize :i* he ga9$1 made him ?9k v deeply aft]w>ds4 ,x 0 an essay relat+ to ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,de ,c&olle wrote 8 essay 9 f\r h\rs1 & x consi/$ ( f fifte5 to tw5ty pages2 x includ$ all he _h le>n$ ( 8 cate*ism1 :at he rememb]$ ( _m s]mons1 & a ho/ ( quotations f ! ,bible4 ,b al?\gh ! y\? got ! prize1 & 0 mu* applaud$1 he felt t he 0 a complete /rang] to ! _s ( ! tru?s he _h writt51 & t 8 he>t _h little to d ) ! s5t5ces :i* came f 8 p54 ,he le>n$ religion j z he le>n$ ,greek & ,lat94 ,9 #agib ,de ,c&olle left ! college & began to /udy lit]ature1 &1 releas$ f ! tr\blesome discipl9e ( ! class1 work$ z if he 7 a man4 ,b ?+s did n g on smoo?ly1 = ! political tr\bles ( t age soon affect$ ,g5eva4 ,a ,fr5* army occupi$ ,savoy & encamp$ ne> ,g5eva4 ,! ,gov]nm5t prep>$ to def5d ! t[n1 & ! fa!rs ( families began to s5d _! wives & *ildr5 into ! int]ior ( ,switz]l&4 ,de ,c&olle 0 9 despair :5 8 fa!r told him & 8 bro!r to accompany _! "m2 he long$ to fight = 8 c\ntry1 b he _h to leave1 & !y w5t to ,*ampagne1 a small village ne> ,gr&ison1 :]e ! fa!r1 =esee+ ! tr\ble1 _h b\ght an e/ate4 ,!re ! summ] & autumn 7 pass$ peaceably1 & 9 sup]9t5d+ ! v9es1 ! ga!r+ ( ! grapes1 & manag+ ! prop]ty ) 8 "m4 ,montesquieu1 ! ,fr5* g5]al1 did n c>e ab\t cru%+ ! little t[n ( ,g5eva1 & o!r matt]s call$ him away4 ,s ! imm$iate dang] pass$ & ! family return$ to ,g5eva4 ,! y\? return$ to 8 /udies amid/ popul> discont5t )9 ! t[n4 ,a revolution occurr$1 & a provisional committee occupi$ ! position ( ! =m] ,gov]nm5t4 ,/rangely en\gh ?is occurr$ :il/ ,de ,c&olle's fa!r 0 *ief magi/rate1 & ! ,gov]nm5t fell :il/ he 0 9 (fice4 ,( c\rse ! man :o _h done s mu* = ! t[n 0 oblig$ to g into exile1 & he left = 8 little e/ate at ,*ampagne1 leav+ 8 son beh9d to pursue 8 /udies4 ,! y\? 0 left "u ! *>ge ( 8 tutor1 a "y m>ri$ man1 & mu* good "w 0 done1 & 9 #agic he rejo9$ 8 fa!r4 ,dur+ ! next ye> ,m4 ,vau*] gave "s lectures on botany 9 ! v mode/ little ,botanical ,g>d5 ( ,g5eva4 ,he 0 a cl]gyman & ,pr(essor ( ,!ology1 b 8 amusem5ts l$ him to /udy plants1 & especially ^? :i* live 9 fre% wat]4 ,8 mann] ( tea*+ & ! subject1 attract$ ,de ,c&olle1 & inde$ s mu* s t he felt t botany w\ld be 8 special /udy ?r\gh life4 ,:at he le>n$ f ,m4 ,vau*] 0 ab\t ! pr9cipal organs ( plants1 & he began to get books describ+ plants & to endeav\r to describe = himself4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! me?odical c\rses ( /udy :i* ,de ,c&olle _h und]gone assi/$ him2 = al?\gh he obta9$ "s botanical works ( a v indiff]5t k9d1 :i* w\ld h satisfi$ mo/ y\?s1 he began to see _! errors ( me?od4 ,kn[+ no?+ ( ! lab\rs ( ! great botani/s1 ! y\? manag$ to see 8 way to ! mo/ reasonable plan ( describ+ plants1 & he notic$ ! organs1 "o aft] ! o!r1 9 ! prop] mann]4 ,tea*+ himself ! rudim5ts ( ! /udy ( plants1 & giv+ mu* "t also to lit]ature1 "y ,de ,c&olle rema9$ mu* at home1 = ,g5eva 0 9 a horrible /ate ( political revolution4 ,robespi]re manag$ to s5d emiss>ies !re1 & mo/ ( ! bett] class ( citiz5s 7 imprison$4 ,de ,c&olle's fa!r 0 s5t5c$ to dea?1 b be+ away f ! t[n ! s5t5ce _h no effect4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s la/$ = "s "t1 until ! good s5se ( ! majority annull$ ! s5t5ce & re/or$ ord]4 ,_m ,g5evese emigrat$ to ,am]ica1 & :5 ,de ,c&olle return$ to 8 /udies he f\nd ! t[n sad1 & ne>ly all 8 old fri5ds exil$ or gone 9 disgu/4 ,he _h no amusem5ts & !re=e 8 /udies 7 prosecut$ ) vig\r1 & he began a c\rse ( natural philosophy4 ,9 #agif he left 8 /udies & sp5t ! summ] ) 8 fa!r1 read+ good botanical works on ! natural philosophy ( trees1 ! uses ( leaves2 &1 :at 0 ( m importance1 he w&]$ f> & wide ov] ! ,jura ,m\nta9s1 collect+ plants to describe & /udy4 ,he got ,l9nu's ,european ,botany1 & soon began to le>n _m plants by _! prop] names4 ,b he us$ ,l9nu's book z a simple diction>y1 = he saw t al?\gh ! names ( plants c\ld be easily f\nd out by x1 !re 7 plants gr\p$ toge!r 9 x t _h no close resemblance 9 _! mo/ important p>ts4 ,at ?is "t 8 int]e/ 9 8 /udy 0 int5sifi$ by a t]rible in/ance :i* he witness$ ( ! hidd5 p[]s ( simple-look+ plants4 ,he saw ?ree little *ildr5 die :o _h eat5 belladonna b]ries4 ,:5 eighte5 ye>s ( age1 ,de ,c&olle w5t to ,p>is & liv$ 9 ! same h\se z ,dolomieu1 a v di/+ui%$ m9]alogi/1 a wise & mod]ate man ^: simplicity *>m$ ! "y man4 ,?is wise fri5d did n press 8 special /udy on ,de ,c&olle1 b advis$ him to foll[ 8 fondness = botany1 giv+ him1 h[ev]1 "s little insight into ! nature ( cry/als & _! laws ( =m4 ,de ,c&olle !n le>n$ t !re 0 a philosophy 9 /ones1 & he always /at$ 9 aft] life t ?is in/ruction made him ?9k ab\t ! philosophy :i* l9k$ plants toge!r 9 ! s*eme ( creation4 ,he _h an in/ructive conv]sation ) a well-kn[n botani/1 ab\t ! /ructure ( ! /ems ( palms & grapes--:i* diff] s mu* f ^? ( ! oak1 plane1 will[--& ( ord9>y %rubs2 & ?is di/9ction ( two great gr\ps ( plants gave him an insight into "s ( ! gr& di/9ctions betwe5 plants1 & :i* enabl$ hundr$s ( species or g5]a to be gr\p$ & sep>at$4 ,un=tunately1 at ! "t ( 8 arrival at ,p>is1 ! botanical c\rses at ! college 7 n be+ giv51 s he began to att5d ! lectures on *emi/ry1 physics1 & m9]alogy4 ,he (t5 w5t to he> ,cuvi]1 ! great comp>ative anatomi/1 ^: great ability & dignity ( mann] impress$ ev]ybody1 & he made ! acqua9tance ( ! /ill great] ,lam>ck 9 a v curi\s mann]4 ,de ,c&olle _h se5 ,m4 de ,lam>ck at ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 b he did n "k anybody :o c\ld introduce him to ! great man4 ,h[ev]1 he f\nd out t ,lam>ck us$ to d9e at ! same little re/aurant :i* he patroniz$4 ,s a little plan 0 adopt$ to draw ! celebrat$ zoologi/ & botani/ into conv]sation4 ,de ,c&olle ask$ 8 fri5d ,pictet1 :o aft]w>ds became a pr(essor at ,g5eva & a great man1 to come by *ance z x 7 & sit beside him at ! same table z ,lam>ck1 & !y began a conv]sation ab\t botany4 ,de ,c&olle especially /at$ h[ useful he _h f\nd a book call$ ! 8,description ( ! ,fr5* ,plants0 9 8 /udies4 ,?is 0 ov]he>d by ,lam>ck1 :o 0 ! au?or ( x1 & he jo9$ 9 ! conv]sation4 ,lam>ck ask$ ! "y man to come & see him1 & a fri5d%ip comm5c$2 & al?\gh !y did n h at t "t mu* to say to "o ano!r ab\t botany1 /ill ! di/+ui%$ ,fr5* naturali/ gave good advice1 &1 :5 ,de ,c&olle left ,p>is1 pres5t$ him ) a lett] & a book to give to ,m4 ,snebi]1 ( ,g5eva1 ^: fri5d%ip probably decid$ ! future c>e] ( ! ris+ "y botani/4 ,c]ta9ly ! acqua9tance ( ,lam>ck /imulat$ ,de ,c&olle to /udy ! physiology ( plants--h[ !y gr[1 brea!1 h[ ! sap circulates1 h[ ! col\rs are produc$1 & h[ ! "y se$s are =m$4 ,! happy circum/ances :i* surr\nd$ ! "y man at ,p>is enabl$ him to see ! great com$ies ( ! day & to admire ! spl5did act+ at ! !atres4 ,b he 0 a philosoph] !n1 & he c\ld n b be /ruck ) ! furi\s gaiety ( society & ! great frivolity ( ! day1 & ) t c>eless me?od ( liv+ & ?9k+ :i* foll[$ z a k9d ( revulsion on ! awful sc5es ( ! ,revolution & ! ,reign ( ,t]ror4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #agig1 ,de ,c&olle return$ to ,g5eva4 ,!re he /udi$ ! physiology ( plants ) ,m4 ,snebi]1 go+ to 8 fa!r's h\se 9 ! holidays1 :i* 7 sp5t 9 botanical excursions4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 on ! ,jura ,m\nta9s1 ,de ,c&olle discov]$ a new fungus ( a beautiful r$ col\r1 & 8 adv5ture 9 obta9+ ! specim5 0 v *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,on ! sides ( ^? hills are _m v precipit\s tr\gh-l pa?s1 d[n :i* ! wood-cutt]s pass ! fir trees !y cut high up on ! m\nta9s1 to ! valleys4 ,!y are rugg$ at ! sides1 & h really be5 worn out ( ! hills by runn+ wat] & ! ru%+ d[nw>ds ( ! trees4 ,active p c slide d[n ^! 8c\loirs0 by sitt+ on a /ick plac$ betwe5 "o's legs1 & d[n w5t "y ,de ,c&olle 9 t fa%ion4 ,z he ru%$ along1 he saw a beautiful r$ plant on a bran* ( a tree ov]hang+ ! c\loir1 & z he slid d[n he manag$ to cut ! bran* & obta9 8 prize--8 fir/ new plant to describe4 ,b x 0 done at ! exp5se ( 8 clo!s1 :i* got torn (f f him 9 _m p>ts1 by ! rocks1 s t he _h to sl9k home to avoid be+ se54 ,work+ h>d at botany1 ! "y en?usia/ _h v agreeable h\rs ( relaxation4 ,he 0 9 ! mid/ ( a *>m+ homely society2 & !re is no d\bt t 8 purity ( "* & ?or\gh hone/y ( disposition 7 fo/]$ & int5sifi$1 by 8 hav+ ! fri5d%ip ( sev]al "y m>ri$ & s+le wom5 ( good education & position4 ,!y made him a poli%$ g5tleman1 & he us$ to say t t 0 ! happy "t ( 8 life2 he _h no c>es or anxieties1 ev]y?+ smil$ on him1 yet he 0 consci\s t x mu/ end1 & t he mu/ prep>e = "w & ! /ruggle ( life4 ,politics 7 always ! tr\ble ( ! ,de ,c&olle family1 & !y settl$ ! future c>e] ( ! "y botani/4 ,g5eva 0 ab\t to become a portion ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 ! fa!r ( ,de ,c&olle lo/ "o-half ( 8 =tune1 & ! "y man w5t to ,p>is to le>n h[ to e>n 8 bread aft] prelim9>y /udy4 ,he _h a sad p>t+ f ! fa!r :o _h be5 s good to him1 & :o lov$ him s well1 & arriv$ at ,p>is1 be+ receiv$ by an uncle1 9 ,m>*1 #agih4 ,aft] a few days ( quietude1 :i* he sp5t 9 call+ on 8 =m] fri5ds1 he det]m9$ to g into lodg+s ne> ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 & to "w1 leav+ pleasure beh9d him1 & to be s\ght = :5 he c\ld af=d x4 ,he began to /udy m$ic9e1 & l$ ! odd life ( a m$ical /ud5t1 att5d$ to by old crones 9 _! second *ildhood1 & witness+ all ! sad sights ( ! hospitals4 ,:5ev] he c\ld1 he made 8 way to ! ,botanical ,g>d51 & yet he did n att5d ! lectures on botany4 ,he f\nd !m n consi/5t ) :at he knew4 ,b he 0 ev] /udy+1 describ+1 & obs]v+ plants1 &1 kn[+ nobody at ! g>d5s1 s\ght out ,lam>ck1 :o (f]$ him "s articles 9 8 ,encyclopdia to write4 ,! articles 7 writt51 & mi/akes 7 naturally made1 & 9 aft] ye>s !y 7 readily ackn[l$g$ & set "r4 ,b ! "w did n advance ! "y botani/ 9 8 /udies1 al?\gh x confirm$ him 9 ! necessity ( exam9+ all ! p>ts ( a plant 9 classify+ x1 & 9 pay+ especial att5tion to ^? organs :i* are ! mo/ important to ! life & reproduction ( ! k9d4 ,leav+ 8 lodg+s to bo>d ) a fri5d1 ,de ,c&olle 0 robb$1 z 0 usual 9 ^? days1 by 8 h\sekeep]s2 b he got into a worse scrape by be+ inveigl$ into a gambl+-h\se1 :]e he lo/ ne>ly all ! money he _h e>n$4 ,x cur$ him ( t folly4 ,at "w he began to make exp]im5ts on ! action ( diff]5t gases on ! roots ( plants1 & obta9$ "s curi\s results2 & ,m4 ,desfonta9es1 ! ,pr(essor ( ,botany1 gave him h9ts ab\t ! correct me?od ( describ+ plants1 s z to enable him to write ! lett]press to ! plates ( a "w on ^? succul5t plants call$ ,crassulace1 ( :i* ! h\seleek & /onecrops are famili> examples4 ,m$ic9e 0 q giv5 up2 &1 9 fact1 x 0 hateful to ,de ,c&olle1 :o us$ to say1 8,if ,i make a mi/ake 9 nam+ a plant1 ,i c set x "r1 b if ,i _h made mi/akes z a m$ical man1 :o kn[s h[ _m de> little *ildr5 ,i might n h kill$80 ,he became a fri5d ( ! ,deless]t family1 & met at _! h\se all ^? ris+ naturali/s :o 7 =m+ ! great ,fr5* s*ool1 & ?is society 0 ( great importance to him4 ,botanical excursions to ,fonta9ebleau 7 made by him1 ) ,brongni>t1 ,cuvi]1 & ,dum]il1 all great m5 9 _! day1 & !n he w5t botaniz+ into ,norm&y1 & ne>ly got dr[n$ collect+ seawe$s4 ,return+ to ,p>is1 he 0 =tunate en\gh to be aga9 k9dly look$ aft] by "s good families1 & he became atta*$ to ,mdlle4 ,fanny ,torras1 "o ( a bright circle ( ladies :o lik$ ! brilliant conv]sation & good mann]s ( ! ris+ "y man4 ,go+ to ,holl& = a trip1 ,de ,c&olle 0 /ruck ) ! curi\s vegetation ( ! hills or dunes ( s& ne> ! coa/1 & ?is appe>s to h attract$ 8 att5tion to ! geographical di/ribution ( plants4 ,nev]!less1 & 9 spite ( all ^? attractions1 he /udi$ human anatomy & zoology4 ,9 c\rse ( "t he w5t home to ,*ampagne1 & 8 future m>riage 0 agre$ ^u4 ,on 8 return to ,p>is1 he 0 receiv$ z ! future husb& ( ,mdlle4 ,torras4 ,he /udi$ ! 8sleep ( plants10 ! classification ( ! ,vet*es1 0 pres5t$ at ! ,in/itute1 & elect$ a memb] ( ! ,socit ,philoma?ique1 :]e he met & became ! associate ( 8 old botanical companions at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,!re is no d\bt t a s+ul> political position :i* 0 ?ru/ ^u ?is "y man ( tw5ty-two ye>s ( age1 decid$ 8 future c>e]1 = x br\ght him "u ! eye ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 ! ,fir/ ,consul ( ,france4 ,g5eva nom9at$ him z a 8notable0 to :om ! consul might apply = in=mation ab\t ! requirem5ts ( ! t[n4 ,de ,c&olle wrote 9 8 memoirs3 8,i 0 n mu* ( a p>tisan4 ,born a republican1 a fri5d ( peace1 ,i saw ) anxiety ,napoleon's evid5t love ( w> & desire = mon>*y1 b ,i 0 oblig$ to look fav\rably on him1 = he _h de/roy$ an>*y1 & possess$ great abilities40 ,napoleon & ! "y man _h two int]views1 "o a peaceable "o1 :i* did good to ! t[n ( ,g5eva1 & a second & /ormy "o1 dur+ :i* ! simple /ud5t ( ! tru? /ood up1 l a man1 aga9/ ! angry despot1 & quail$ n b5ea? t eye :i* mo/ m5 fe>$4 ,he 0 n =gott51 h[ev]1 & aft] a :ile he 0 nom9at$ on a commission to inve/igate ! tea*+ giv5 9 ! s*ools ( ,p>is1 "u ! *>ge ( laym54 ,?is commission 0 necess>y1 = ! ,roman ,ca?olic au?orities 7 anxi\s to put d[n lay tea*+4 ,de ,c&olle1 a firm ,prote/ant1 took great c>e 9 mak+ 8 report1 & he decid$ t al?\gh !re 0 mu* to be desir$1 /ill ! lay s*ools 7 do+ _! duty4 ,pursu+ 8 /udies1 ,de ,c&olle began to =m an h]b>ium1 & 8 "t 0 divid$ betwe5 sci5ce & philan?ropy--= he 0 a visitor at ! hospitals & prisons ( ,p>is--& 8 ,fanny1 :om he m>ri$ 9 #ahjb4 ,imm$iately aft]w>ds he began to write 8 description ( ! plants ( ,france1 & ,cuvi] ask$ him to lecture = him dur+ a t]m4 ,! subject *os5 0 ! physiology ( plants2 x 0 well manag$1 & x tempt$ ,de ,c&olle to head 8 new book ) "s *apt]s on x4 ,grief came 9 due "t2 ,de ,c&olle & 8 wife lo/ _! fir/born1 a pretty little girl1 & a long abs5ce f ,p>is 0 necess>y4 ,on _! return1 ,de ,c&olle recomm5c$ 8 "w on 8 book1 & aft] its completion he began a s]ies ( excursions 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,france1 /udy+ ! botany & geology4 ,aft] a :ile a son 0 born1 & ,de ,c&olle 0 (f]$ ! pr(essor%ip ( ,botany at ,montpelli]4 ,he visit$ ! city to see h[ he lik$ x1 & he took ?is opportunity1 also1 to g to ! ,pyr5ees = a botanical trip1 collect+ at ! "t _m int]e/+ plants4 ,a difficulty exi/$ ab\t ! acceptance ( ! position1 = !re 0 mu* tea*+ requir$1 & !re w\ld n be mu* "t = ^! excursions ab\t ,france1 :i* 7 absolutely necess>y = ! k ( ! diff]5t local assemblages ( plants or floras4 ,de ,c&olle _h a sal>y ( ab\t #afj a ye>1 :i* enabl$ him to />t f ,p>is & to botanize4 ,if he w5t to ,montpelli]1 all 8 orig9al "w might cease1 & he c\ld n e>n ?is money & tea* at ! same "t4 ,s1 lov+ real "w1 he det]m9$ n to accept ! position4 ,a great endeav\r 0 be+ made1 h[ev]1 to re/ore ! tea*+ ( natural hi/ory at ,montpelli]1 & ! fri5ds ( ! "y man call$ on ! !n ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,m4 ,cretet1 & urg$ him to see ! ris+ botani/4 ,at ! int]view ,mr4 ,cretet1 :o _h no botanical ta/es1 0 wond]fully amus$ at a man's giv+ up a good place = ! sake ( runn+ ab\t ,france pick+ up plants1 & said1 9 a good-hum\r$ mann]1 8,n[1 "y man1 if y don't take bo? ! situations y %an't h ei!r40 ,! pr(essor%ip at ,montpelli] 0 accept$1 & ! necess>y j\rneys 7 to be all[$4 ,?is ,m4 ,cretet seems to h be5 a man ( great s5se1 & q upset ,m4 de ,laplace1 ! great ma!matician1 ab\t ,de ,c&olle4 ,laplace want$ to pay a complim5t to ! m9i/]1 & also to br+ ! "y botani/ be=e 8 notice1 s he said1 8,sir1 y h done u a d\btful s]vice 9 s5d+ ,m4 de ,c&olle to ,montpelli]1 = we expect$ soon to h him z a memb] ( ! ,in/itute40 ,m4 ,cretet turn$ on him ) an angry air & said1 8,y\r in/itute6 ,d y "k :at ,i %\ld l to d ) y\r in/itute80 8,:at80 said ,laplace1 r a/oni%$ at ! tone ( voice4 8,i %\ld l to fire a cannon well into ! middle ( x40 ,m4 de ,laplace seem$ z if he w\ld s9k4 8,yes10 cont9u$ ! m9i/]1 8,i w\ld fire a cannon at y all1 & disp]se y all ov] ,france4 ,x is frightful to conc5trate all ! lights ( ! age 9 ,p>is1 & to leave ! dep>tm5ts 9 ignorance & idl5ess6 ,i h s5t ,m4 de ,c&olle to ,montpelli] to /imulate o!rs to activity40 ,consid]+ t ! memb]s ( ! ,in/itute ( ,france h always consid]$ !mselves ! v cream ( ! cream ( sci5ce1 ?is 0 v %ock+4 ,! new pr(essor />t$ ) 8 wife1 little boy1 8 libr>y & h]b>ium1 & ) _m a regret at leav+ su* fri5ds z ^? :o enlight5$ ,p>is z anatomi/s & botani/s4 ,x 0 a great position = a man ( ?irty ye>s ( age1 h[ev]1 & x gave him suffici5t to live ^u2 & ?is 0 welcome1 = hi!rto he _h be5 poor4 ,:5 he 0 settl$ 9 8 new e/abli%m5t 8 fa!r1 !n sev5ty-two ye>s ( age1 came to see him1 &1 aft] a %ort soj\rn1 took 8 leave1 accompani$ by 8 daught]-9-law & gr&son4 ,:il/ !y all w5t to ,g5eva1 ,de ,c&olle prep>$ = & w5t on an excursion into ,italy4 ,dur+ ! visit to ,italy1 9 #ahjh1 politics came 9 ! way ( botany1 & no?+ 0 he>d ( ,de ,c&olle = a mon?1 8 lett]s hav+ gone a/ray2 b he turn$ up at ,g5eva1 well1 & 9 good spirits1 = he he>d t he _h a *ance ( be+ made a memb] ( ! ,in/itute4 ,b he f\nd t ev5 great sci5tific m5 h _! little foibles & fav\rites1 & he did n get elect$4 ,9 fact1 he nev] 0 elect$ a memb]1 al?\gh he 0 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ botani/ ( ! age4 ,ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 he 0 9 ,g5eva1 he 0 made "o ( ! eight =eign memb]s1 & t has always be5 consid]$ a great hon\r4 ,nev]!less1 politics1 social position1 & agreem5t ) ! au?orities ( ! day1 on all subjects1 are ( v consid]able mom5t 9 ^! elections4 ,! return to ,montpelli] 0 sad1 b ! f9e sun%9e ( ! s\?1 & *e]ful society1 soon made ,de ,c&olle =get 8 disappo9tm5t4 ,aft] a botanical trip 9 ,savoy1 ,de ,c&olle wrote an important volume on geographical botany & agriculture4 ,! fir/ ( ^! subjects inf]s a ?or\gh k ( ! names & k9ds ( plants1 & x is ( great importance 9 associat+ c]ta9 plants ) soils1 rocks1 & climates4 ,by ,novemb]1 #ahaa1 ,de ,c&olle _h ne>ly complet$ 8 botanical t\rs1 & he !n consid]$ t he 0 settl$ at ,montpelli] = a long "t1 & t 8 "w w\ld be m t ( a tea*] ?an inve/igator4 ,he f\nd t travell+ & collect+ _h enl>g$ 8 m9d1 & he nev] regrett$ ! six ye>s ( w&]+ ab\t4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! "y pr(essor comm5c$ a great "w on ! /ati/ics ( ,fr5* vegetation4 ,x did n deal ) descriptions ( species1 or ( ! special localities :]e !y c\ld be f\nd2 b1 fir/1 ) ! g5]al di/ribution ( wild plants 9 ,france1 & !n ) ! relation ( ! plants ( ,france to ! diff]5t wants ( mank9d4 ,?is la/ "p 0 em95tly practical1 & x dealt ) food plants1 m$ic9al plants1 dye plants1 & ^? :i* are us$ = clo?+4 ,x 0 a prodigi\s attempt1 & x nev] came to a conclusion2 only fragm5ts ( x 7 9 8 possession f\rte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 & he attribut$ mu* ( ! difficulty ?r[n 9 8 way1 to ! alt]ations :i* occurr$ 9 ! b\nd>ies ( ,france aft] ! fall ( ,napoleon4 ,moreov]1 he _h to complete 8 description ( ! plants ( ,france1 & t 0 n done until #ahae4 ,de ,c&olle 0 always fond ( society1 &1 aft] 8 lab\rs ( ! day1 0 glad to g into or receive company4 ,be+ a ,prote/ant1 & a man ( m>k 9 8 native t[n1 he 0 well receiv$ by mo/ ( ! families ( ,montpelli]1 & 8 wife also4 ,society consi/$ ( good ,prote/ant families ( old1 s-call$ nobles1 & "s :o ?\ght !mselves nobles4 ,x 0 split up l ! society ( mo/ small t[ns1 into cliques1 b ,de ,c&olle escap$1 = a long "t1 any discom=ts or social antagonisms4 ,!y came at la/1 h[ev]4 ,de ,c&olle1 l _m active-m9d$ m51 0 n popul> ) ! (ficials :o _h 8places0 9 _! gift4 ,he 0 intrigu$ aga9/1 & lo/ ! rector%ip ( ! ,univ]sity1 b he _h ! pleasure ( expos+ ! intrigue 9 #ahac4 ,napoleon _h f\ght 8 la/ fight1 & _h gone to ,elba1 & ! ,b\rbons _h be5 re/or$4 ,disgu/$ ) ! milit>y _s ( ! ,empire1 ,de ,c&olle rejoic$ at ! re/oration ( ! ,b\rbons1 & ev5 became a volunte] to keep ! t[n 9 ord]4 ,he began to *ange 8 m9d soon1 h[ev]1 = ! ,c\nt d',artois1 "o ( ! royal family1 receiv$ ! pr(essor ) great haught9ess1 &1 by way ( mak+ am5ds1 paid p>ticul> att5tion to a rascal ( ! fir/ wat] :o _h return$ f ! galleys1 :]e he _h be5 s5t = /eal+1 & n = devotion to ! ,b\rbons1 z he told ! duke4 ,go+ to ,g5eva on a visit1 to place 8 elde/ son at s*ool1 ,de ,c&olle f\nd ! city j be+ receiv$ into ! ,conf$]ation ( ! ,swiss ,republic4 ,he return$ to ,montpelli]1 :i* 0 full ( rejoic+ at ,napoleon's exile1 b %ortly aft]w>ds all 0 disord] dur+ ! hundr$ days 9 :i* ,napoleon 01 = ! la/ "t1 rul] ( ,france4 ,beyond ! rea* ( direct politics1 ! pr(essors ( ,montpelli] _h _! little ev5+s1 & ev5 got up private !atricals4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a sc5e 9 "o ( ^! came ! news t ,napoleon _h l&$ at ,cannes1 & 0 on 8 way to ,p>is4 ,t 0 ! la/ quiet h\r t ,de ,c&olle _h 9 ! t[n4 ,an unfri5dly man1 :o 0 a royali/1 began to set p aga9/ ! pr(essor1 :o res5t$ _! int]f]5ce4 ,he began to limit 8 circle ( fri5ds1 left lit]ature alone m & m1 & plung$ m deeply into sci5ce4 ,he det]m9$ to leave ,montpelli] & its littl5esses4 ,8 pr9cipal c>e 0 to enl>ge & utilize ! botanic g>d5 ( ! place1 & !n he devot$ mu* "t to tea*+1 & ) great success4 ,civil w> 0 imm95t1 & ! defeat at ,wat]loo produc$ outbreaks at ,montpelli]4 ,de ,c&olle _h be5 elect$ ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity dur+ ! ,hundr$ ,days1 & 0 ord]$ to give up ! title4 ,?is he did1 & prep>$ to leave ! place4 ,he _h s5t 8 family to ,g5eva1 & 9 travell+ himself to jo9 !m1 by way ( ,nimes1 he saw traces ( ! horrible treatm5t ! ,prote/ants _h receiv$4 ,subsequ5tly ! family w5t to ,p>is1 pass+ ?r\gh ! t[ns occupi$ by ! alli$ troops4 ,hav+ "t1 ,de ,c&olle visit$ ,engl&1 & became ! gue/ ( ,dr4 ,m>cet1 & 0 introduc$ to ! be/ ( ! sci5tific _w4 ,he met & enjoy$ ! retic5t ,rob]t ,br[n1 & w5t to a sitt+ ( ! ,royal ,society1 :i* he said 0 dull4 ,he 0 introduc$ to ,hook] & ,sir ,james ,smi?1 ! proprietor ( ! ,h]b>ium ( ,l9nu1 :i* he v prop]ly said 0 ! basis ( botanical nom5clature4 ,9 #ahaf ,de ,c&olle f\nd himself settl+ d[n 9 8 native t[n ( ,g5eva1 :]e he 0 well receiv$1 & became ,pr(essor ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & taught /ud5ts ( bo? sexes1 & began to e/abli% a botanic g>d5 ( "s importance4 ,!re he 0 oblig$ to g into local politics1 & = ye>s 0 a repres5tative ( ! t[n1 do+ good "w = ! poor1 = lib]ty by receiv+ & protect+ political fugitives & by insi/+ on ! fre$om ( ! press1 :i* 0 consid]ably hat$ 9 ,france "u ! re/or$ ,b\rbons4 ,nev]!less1 ye> aft] ye> he taught well1 & mo/ ( ! great botani/s ( lat] ye>s 7 ei!r 8 /ud5ts or 8 visitors & fri5ds4 ,z age crept on1 ,de ,c&olle cont9u$ 8 rese>*es1 & got ?r\gh ! description & classification ( a consid]able numb] ( kn[n plants4 ,^! 7 publi%$ 9 a book :i* w always be 8 ma/]piece4 ,hon\rs cr[d$ on him1 ! gifts ( le>n$ societies ( all nations1 & he visit$ mo/ ( ! great cities ( ! ,cont95t4 ,9 #ahcb he publi%$ ! second "p ( 8 "w4 ,he _h great happ9ess ) 8 wife1 & 8 p>5ts liv$ to great ages1 cont5t ) ! prosp]ity ( _! son1 :o 0 ev] good & lov+ to !m1 & got 8 rew>d4 ,he _h a little e/ate1 out ( ,g5eva1 at ,sa9t ,se9e1 & enjoy$ x mu*2 b1 z ye>s roll$ on1 ! dea? ( a son !re1 affect$ 8 t5d] he>t1 & he sold ! place & b\ght ano!r1 call$ ,la ,b>rire1 ne> ,g5eva4 ,8 elde/ son1 ,alphonse1 foll[$ well 9 ! fa!r's /eps4 ,f9ally1 :5 old age tr\bl$ ,de ,c&olle1 he gave up 8 pr(essor%ip4 ,ill heal? succe$$1 b ! man work$ on at 8 great book1 & ev5 ent]$ ! political ar5a once aga9 at a "t ( em]g5cy4 ,! w9t] ( #ahdj-da 0 "o ( illness1 & he c\ld no long] "w4 ,8 fri5ds 7 dy+ (f1 mon? aft] mon?1 & :5 dea? came to him1 he 0 cont5t4 ,he _h be5 a good son1 an excell5t fa!r1 a lov+ fri5d1 a true patriot1 des]v+ ev]y?+ t elevat$ mank9d2 & x is admitt$ by all botani/s t he consolidat$ ! sci5ce1 & gave x a def9ite natural classification4 ,de ,c&olle e>ly 9 life grasp$ ! tru? t plants gr[1 reproduce1 & arrive at maturity1 n by accid5t1 b accord+ to natural law1 & he soon saw t "s p>ts ( plants 7 ( m importance to _! well-be+ & multiplication ?an o!rs4 ,he 0 ?us a foll[] ( ,ray1 & he became impress$ ) ! belief t 9 arrang+ plants1 ! resemblances ( ! mo/ important p>ts & organs1 %\ld be consid]$ be=e ^? ( ! less important4 ,?is mann] ( proce$+ he call$ ! natural me?od4 ,x 0 f\nd$ ^u ! k ( ! anatomy ( ! plants & ^u _! physiology1 & ! me?od requir$ c>e & rese>*4 ,! artificial me?od ( ,l9nu enabl$ botani/s to di/+ui% plants readily1 by exam9+ ! mo/ readily exam9$1 & (t5 unimportant1 p>ts ( ! plant's fl[]4 ,x 0 n a sci5tific plan1 b a ready me?od4 ,x did n br+ "o plant into relation ) ano!r1 %[+ ! common me?od ( gr[? & reproduction1 b simply enabl$ "o plant to be sep>at$ & di/+ui%$ f ano!r1 & ?is is ! lea/ "p ( botany4 ,! works ( ,:ewell on ! inductive sci5ces1 ! article on botany 9 ! 8,encyclopdia ,britannica10 ,pult5ey's 8,life ( ,l9nu10 & t writt5 by ,miss ,brightwell1 ( ,norwi*1 & ,de ,c&olle's 8,mmoires et s\v5irs crits p> lui mme0 h be5 freely & l>gely quot$ 9 ^! *apt]s4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h]oes ,,( ,,zoology4 ,! nature ( ! sci5ce ( zoology--,great zoologi/s usually botani/s also--,ari/oteles z a zoologi/--,pl9ius--,! long age ( no progress--,! life ( ,conrad ,gesn]--,! zoology ( ,ray & ,willughby--,swamm]dam--,raumur--,! zoology ( ,l9nu4 ,zoology does = animals :at botany does = plants4 ,x is ! sci5ce :i* treats ( ! resemblances & diff]5ces ( animals1 _! %apes1 & habits1 & :i* expla9s _! position on ! e>? 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 & classifies !m4 ,x is insep>ably l9k$ on to ! /udy ( comp>ative anatomy & to physiology :i* treats ( ! int]nal /ructures & ! influ5ce :i* ! outside _w has ^u ! liv+ ?+4 ,l botany1 ! sci5ce arose 9 a simple mann]1 & m5 fir/ ( all le>n$ to di/+ui% "o animal f ano!r1 giv+ !m names4 ,!n _! habits 7 notic$1 & "s attempt 0 made to arrange animals by _! great] or less resemblances ( ext]nal %ape4 ,! age ( ! wond]ful affect$ zoology z x did botany1 & ! intellectual d>kness ( ! ,middle ,ages prev5t$ progress4 ,! writ+s ( travell]s1 ! discov]y ( ! microscope1 & civil & religi\s lib]ty1 caus$ ! rise ( zoology1 & ! classifications gradually began to include ! pa/ or ext9ct k9ds ( animals ) ^? :i* are n[ exi/+ 9 a great s*eme1 :i* indicates ! succession ( liv+ ?+s ^u ! e>?4 ,z a great bran* ( natural hi/ory1 x 0 to be expect$ t zoology w\ld be /udi$ ) botany2 & 9 fact1 ne>ly all ! great botani/s h be5 able zoologi/s1 :il/ ne>ly e great zoologi/ began ) botany4 ,ari/oteles 0 z great a h]o 9 zoology z he 0 9 botany1 & he may be said to h f\nd$ ! sci5ce4 ,c]ta9ly1 "s ( ! pr9cipal divisions ( ! animal k+dom 7 taught by him4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to make an attempt to expla9 ! anatomy ( animals1 ! functions or duties ( diff]5t p>ts ( _! bodies1 & to comp>e !m ) ^? ( man4 ,he discuss$ _! resemblances & diff]5ces ) great acut5ess4 ,he 0 especially di/+ui%$ z a /ud5t ( fi%es1 mak+ a va/ numb] ( obs]vations ( 8 own1 & collect+ ^? ( o!r writ]s4 ,aft] mu* consid]ation1 ,ari/oteles wrote ^u ! di/9ction betwe5 liv+ ?+s & inanimate nature1 & we owe him ! notion ( ! di/9ctions betwe5 ! g5us & ! species4 ,he wrote ) reg>d to ! species3 8,an animal species is an assemblage ( individual animals1 9 :i* n only ! :ole =m ( any "o resembles ! :ole =m ( any o!r1 b ea* "p 9 any "o resembles ! correspond+ "p 9 any o!r4 ,?us1 e horse n only resembles e e!r horse g5]ally1 b ! eye or ! ho( ( e horse resembles ! eye or ho( ( e o!r horse4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 ! same 9 ! "* ( ! individual p>ts40 8,a g5us is an assemblage ( individuals 9 :i* any "o be>s1 ^u ! :ole1 an obvi\sly p]ceptible resemblance to any o!r4 ,b ! correspond+ portion 9 ! diff]5t species ( ! same g5us1 usually diff] 9 col\r1 =m1 numb]s1 size1 & proportion40 ,?is is n s cle> z ! notion ( ! species1 & he ext5d$ ! t]m g5us to :at is n[ call$ an assemblage ( g5]a1 t is to say1 a family1 ord]1 or class4 ,he cle>ly di/+ui%$ betwe5 :ite-blood$ & r$-blood$ animals1 & 0 aw>e ( ! my/]i\s connection betwe5 ! exi/5ce ( a sp9al column1 made up ( bones1 or v]tebr1 & r$ blood4 ,he makes v]tebrat$1 or backbon$1 animals to take ! fir/ place 9 8 scale ( classification4 ,classify+ man1 vivip>\s & ovip>\s quadrup$s1 birds1 fi%es1 cetace\s animals 7:ales71 & s]p5ts among/ ! r$-blood$1 ,ari/oteles put d[n z :ite1 or no blood$ animals1 insects1 or creatures divid$ into segm5ts1 cuttlefi%1 ) s(t sub/ance1 r s(t-%ell$ animals1 l lob/]s1 & h>d-%ell$ creatures su* z oy/]s4 ,he exam9$1 "o by "o1 all ! species he c\ld procure1 & !n class$ toge!r z a subord9ate g5]ic gr\p all ^?1 :i* resembl+ ea* o!r 9 ! m important p>ts ( _! /ructure1 diff]$ only 9 size or col\r1 or 9 o!r po9ts ( little importance4 ,ari/oteles f\nd$ ! natural hi/ory ( 8 age1 & no "o came ne> to him4 ,he left nobody beh9d to foll[ 8 "w4 ,9 aft] ye>s1 ,pl9ius wrote on bea/s1 fi%es1 birds1 & insects1 & on human & comp>ative anatomy1 b he made no great advance on ,ari/oteles4 ,!n !re occurr$ z great a gap 9 ! /udy ( zoology z happ5$ 9 botany1 & _m hundr$s ( ye>s elaps$ be=e progress 0 made4 ,conrad ,gesn]1 a ,swiss1 made ! fir/ great /ep 9 zoology aft] ! anci5ts1 & 8 life 0 a mo/ rem>kable "o4 ,a writ] says ( him1 t he 0 a %9+ example ( ! tru? ( ! rem>k1 t ^? :o h mo/ to d1 & are will+ to "w1 f9d ! mo/ "t4 ,he 0 a great s*ol>1 & a pr(\nd naturali/4 ,he began life 9 extreme pov]ty1 soon became an orphan1 lab\r$ :il/ ill1 & sacrific$ himself = ! sake ( o!rs4 ,a son ( a poor sk9n] & work] ( hides1 he 0 born 9 #aeaf1 at ,zuri*1 & _h to suff] p9*+ pov]ty1 ) 8 num]\s bro!rs & si/]s4 ,an uncle 0 k9d to ! boy1 & began to educate him1 b dea? /epp$ 9 & he lo/ 8 k9d relation4 ,:5 only ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 ,gesn] 0 ca/ ^u ! _w1 8 fa!r hav+ di$ fight+ 9 ! battle ( ,zug4 ,! lad 0 s]i\sly ill & dropsical1 & 8 sole =tune 0 a little k ( classics1 :i* he _h pick$ up4 ,probably "o ( ! pr(essors at ,zuri*1 ,ammian by "n1 & :o _h in/ruct$ him1 gave him introductions1 = we f9d ! lad at ,/rasb\rg :5 fifte5 ye>s ( age4 ,8 ?\ghts 7 to g into ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 & x is c]ta9 t ! ,lu!ran ,wolfgang ,fabricius ,capito gave him "s employm5t1 & enabl$ him to beg9 ! /udy ( ,hebrew4 ,return+ aga9 to ,zuri*1 ! univ]sity !re gave him a little p5sion1 to enable him to travel1 & he w5t into ,france to ,b\rges4 ,!re he taught at a s*ool1 & occupi$ 8 sp>e "t 9 le>n+ ,greek & ,lat94 ,!n he w5t to ,/rasb\rg aga91 hop+ = employm5t1 & f9d+ none1 0 ask$ to return to ,zuri*1 & to tea* 9 ! univ]sity4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty he m>ri$1 &1 ( c\rse1 mu* aga9/ ! wi%es ( 8 fri5ds1 :o d n appe> to h done any?+ = him1 except to h giv5 gratuit\s advice4 ,al?\gh ! ,*ur* 0 to be ! c>e] ( ,gesn]1 he took mu* int]e/ 9 ! heal+ art1 & resign+ 8 position at ,zuri*1 he w5t1 hav+ a small p5sion1 to ,basle z a m$ical /ud5t4 ,anxi\s to "k ! wisdom ( ! ,greek physicians1 he paid unusual att5tion to t language1 & edit$ an edition ( a diction>y ( x4 ,?is /udy br\ght /range results1 = he 0 (f]$ a pr(essor%ip ( ,greek at ,lausanne1 & he accept$ ! position4 ,he 0 v "y1 & yet le>n$ m5 f\nd 8 fri5d%ip valuable4 ,go+1 subsequ5tly1 to ,montpelli]1 he became acqua9t$ ) a naturali/ nam$ ,rondelet1 & he gradually began to e>n en\gh money to be indep5d5t4 ,s he return$ to ,basle1 & 9 #aeda1 be+ tw5ty-five ye>s old1 took 8 degree 9 m$ic9e4 ,he settl$ 9 practice at ,zuri*1 & occupi$ 8 sp>e "t 9 /udy+ zoology & botany1 & soon became weal?y4 ,occasionally he travell$1 & dur+ "o ( ^! trips he became acqua9t$ ) ! lead+ m5 at ,v5ice & ,augsburg1 & at _! in/ance began a great "w1 a k9d ( univ]sal catalogue ( ,greek1 ,hebrew1 & ,lat9 works4 ,all ?is "t he 0 sl[ly & surely /udy+ animals & plants1 & 9 #aeea ! fir/ "p ( 8 8,hi/ory ( ,animals0 appe>$1 to be foll[$ by o!rs 9 #aeed1 #aeee1 & #aeef4 ,! volumes conta9$ descriptions ( vivip>\s quadrup$s1 t is to say1 f\r-foot$ bea/s1 ^: "y are born 9 active movem5t2 ( ovip>\s quadrup$s1 or ^? :i* lay eggs2 ( birds & ( fi%es1 & o!r aquatic animals4 ,he wrote also ^u insects4 ,all agree t ?is book is a miracle ( indu/ry1 hav+ = its object no less ?an a g5]al hi/ory ( animat$ nature4 ,x conta9s a c>eful criticism ( ! works ( previ\s au?ors1 &1 besides mu* valuable & solid k on zoology1 _m int]e/+ rem>ks on ! habits & m$ic9al uses ( animals4 ,he foll[$ ! me?od ( ,ari/oteles1 & ! notion ( ! g5us 01 ( c\rse1 n satisfactorily e/abli%$2 b ! book 0 ! s\rce ( mu* ( mod]n zoology1 f :i* succe$+ writ]s drew l>gely4 ,gesn]'s botanical works 7 z great z ^? relat+ to animals1 & he design$ & pa9t$ fifte5 hundr$ figures ( plants1 :i* 7 ( great use to 8 successors4 ,z if he _h n en\gh to d1 he translat$ ! ,greek works ( ,aelian1 on animals1 9 #aeef4 ,sci5tific & indu/ri\s1 he _h mu* to cont5d )1 & 0 %ort-sight$4 ,he 0 ! fir/ p]son :o us$ concav$ glasses to rem$y ?is defect 9 8 sight4 ,z ye>s roll$ on1 ,gesn] 0 mu* lik$ & hon\r$ 9 8 native t[n2 he 0 v amiable1 a great peacemak]1 & a lib]al citiz54 ,he e/abli%$ a botanic g>d51 & gave employm5t to arti/s4 ,:il/ 9 ! full vig\r ( life1 & 9 active practice z a physician1 ! plague attack$ ,zuri*1 & ,gesn] successfully combat$ ! contagi\s disord] 9 _m cases4 ,he expos$ himself )\t fe>1 aft] ! fa%ion ( mo/ m$ical m51 & un=tunately caught ! disease4 ,:5 ! wor/ symptoms came1 he knew 8 h\r 0 at h&1 & ask$ to be c>ri$ into 8 libr>y & museum1 :]e all ! treasures he _h collect$ & describ$1 to ! delight ( 8 /ud5ts & fri5ds1 7 deposit$4 ,!re he brea!d 8 la/1 9 ! arms ( 8 affectionate wife1 = ^: love contagion _h no t]rors4 ,he di$ ) ! calmness ( a ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 on ! fif? day ( 8 attack1 at ! e>ly age ( =ty-n9e4 ,8 rema9s re/1 mu* hon\r$1 9 ! cloi/] ( ! ,greek *ur* at ,zuri*4 ,n only did ,gesn] consolidate ! k ( ! animal & vegetable k+dom ( 8 day1 b he also influ5c$ o!r au?ors to d good "w1 & to avoid unk9d criticism4 ,8 calm1 c&id1 & equable temp] enabl$ him to soo! ! angry feel+s ( o!rs1 "u _! real & imag9>y wrongs4 ,he laid aside 8 own lab\r to assi/ o!rs1 & he devot$ mu* "t to ! sup]vision & publication ( a "w :i* 0 left incomplete1 by a deceas$ fri5d1 s z to provide = ! family4 ,gesn]'s life is a v good pro( t :]e !re is a w !re is a way1 & t pov]ty does n imp$e ! pa? ( a ?or\ghly indu/ri\s & e>ne/ man4 ,! poor sk9n]'s son's "n is respect$ at ! pres5t day1 & w be s1 z long z sci5ce la/s4 ,! int]e/+ life ( ,ray has already be5 giv5 among/ ^? ( ! h]oes ( botany2 he 01 h[ev]1 a zoologi/ ( ! fir/ class1 & 8 devotion to t "p ( natural hi/ory 0 "p ( 8 great fri5d%ip = ,mr4 ,willughby4 ,?is promis+ "y man /udi$ "u ,ray1 at ,cambridge1 & :il/ ! ma/] took plants "u 8 c>e & /udy1 ! pupil began to "w at animals4 ,!y made a t\r toge!r1 visit+ ,france1 ,spa91 ,italy1 ,g]many1 & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,i*?yology1 or ! /udy ( fi%es1 & orni?ology1 or ! /udy ( birds1 occupi$ ! att5tion ( ,willughby4 ,hav+ collect$ a va/ numb] ( specim5s & obs]vations1 !y return$ to ,engl&1 & ,willughby imm$iately comm5c$ work+ ) a view to ! publication ( a great "w on ! animal k+dom4 ,he ev5 contemplat$ a visit to ,am]ica2 b heal? fail$1 & he di$ 9 ! prime ( life1 on ,july #crd1 #afgb4 ,! education ( 8 two infant sons 0 confid$ to ,mr4 ,ray1 :o 0 "o ( 8 executors4 ,willughby ?\ght 8 works too imp]fect = publication1 b ,ray felt o!rwise1 & urg$ x ^u him = ?ree reasons3 fir/1 ! glory ( ,god2 secondly1 ! assi/ance ( o!rs 9 ! same /udies2 ?irdly1 ! hon\r ( 8 native l&4 ,^u ^! gr\nds he gave 8 cons5t1 & ,ray became _! editor4 ,a book on birds1 8,! ,orni?ologia10 0 ! result1 & x conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( orig9al obs]vation1 & is a full & exact description ( ! habits & maladies ( birds1 & ! be/ means ( dome/icat+ !m4 ,excell5t anatomical descriptions are add$4 ,subsequ5tly1 a book on ! fi%es ( ! ,m$it]ranean appe>$4 ,! m]its ( ,willughby z a natural hi/orian /ill cont9ue to be recogniz$4 ,he 0 a mo/ accompli%$ zoologi/1 & he gave ,ray & ,l9nu ! me?od ( classification ( animals :i* is usually associat$ ) _! names4 ,ray ackn[l$g$ ?is1 & he says t he f\nd among 8 fri5d's manuscripts ! hi/ories ( bea/s & insects1 no less ?an ( birds & fi%es1 8dige/$ ) a me?od ( 8 own40 ,he 0 n a simple weal?y & intellig5t amateur1 = he 0 ma/] to "o ( ! greate/ naturali/s4 ,ray1 9 edit+ ,willughby's 8,book on ,birds10 gives a mo/ t\*+ preface to ! memory ( 8 fri5d4 ,he says1 8,he 0 f *ildhood addict$ to /udy1 & ev] s9ce he came to ! use ( reason1 s great a husb&] ( 8 "t1 z n will+ly to lose1 or let slip unoccupi$1 ! lea/ fragm5t ( x2 dete/+ no vice m ?an idl5ess1 :i* he look$ on z ! p>5t & s\rce ( all o!rs4 ,( 8 skill 9 natural philosophy1 *iefly ! hi/ory ( animals1 ,i %all say no m at pres5t1 b t x ha? n yet be5 my hap to meet ) any man1 :e!r 9 ,engl& or beyond seas1 ( s g5]al & compreh5sive k !re940 ,a v diff]5t c>e]1 b "o :i* has _h a great] g5]al influ5ce on natural hi/ory1 0 t ( ,john ,swamm]dam1 :o 0 born at ,am/]dam1 9 #afcg1 8 fa!r be+ an apo!c>y4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 ,jacob ,dirkz1 0 born 9 ! village ( ,swamm]dam1 ne> ,leyd51 & 8 fa!r1 a well-to-d apo!c>y1 liv$ !re & took 8 "n f ! village4 ,he m>ri$ ,b]5d9a ,corv]a & settl$ at ,am/]dam4 ,! family liv$ 9 com=t1 & ! little "o 0 de/9$1 l _m o!r naturali/s1 to ! ,*ur*4 ,8 education consi/$ ( s\nd ,lat9 & ,greek1 & :5 he became old en\gh1 he began to feel t !re 7 responsibilities ab\t 8 future (fice z a cl]gyman1 :i* he did n ?9k he c\ld fulfil4 ,holl& at t "t 0 9 a religi\s f]m5t1 & sects ( all k9ds exi/$1 religion be+ m talk$ ab\t ?an practis$4 ,! lad1 z he grew up1 desir$ to foll[ 9 8 fa!r's foot/eps1 & to le>n ! heal+ art2 b 8 g5ius l$ him to ! /udy ( nature4 ,be=e he 0 fifte5 ye>s ( age1 he began to make collections ( natural hi/ory objects1 & :5ev] he c\ld get away f home1 & sp>e "t f 8 m$ical /udies1 he pursu$ 8 fav\rite employm5t1 se>*+ ! woods & fields1 ! s&-hills & muddy %ores1 ! lakes1 riv]s1 & canals1 = insects1 worms1 & molluscs1 until he acquir$1 ev5 z a y\?1 a m ext5sive k ( ! l[] animals ?an all ! naturali/s :o _h prec$$ him4 ,9 #affa he w5t to ,leyd5 & /udi$ surg]y & anatomy4 ,9 ?is la/ he excell$1 & became celebrat$ = 8 me?ods ( pres]v+ dissections4 ,!n he w5t to ,saumur1 9 ,france1 & to ,p>is1 :]e he ga9$ ! fri5d%ip ( ,?v5ot ! travell]1 :o 0 8 patron subsequ5tly1 & assi/$ him :5 9 ,am/]dam 9 aft] ye>s1 by obta9+ p]mission = him to dissect human bodies4 ,8 fell[-pupil 0 ,ni*olas ,/5o1 ( :om m w be said "u ! title ( 8,h]oes ( ,geology40 ,on 8 return to ,leyd51 ,swamm]dam discov]$ ! me?od ( inject+ art]ies ) col\r$ wax1 & ( keep+ ! int]nal organs 9 a dry condition = purposes ( /udy1 & inve/igat$ ! nature ( ! lymphatics4 ,he graduat$ soon aft]1 & aft] receiv+ 8 diploma1 return$ to 8 old love1 nature1 & occupi$ ne>ly all 8 "t 9 ! anatomy & physiology ( insects4 ,swamm]dam work$ s incessantly1 t he got into bad heal?1 & 0 oblig$ to rel9qui% ! m$ical pr(ession = a "t4 ,he foll[$ up 8 rese>*es into ! m9ute con/ruction ( insects1 & really nev] ceas$ !m until dea?4 ,! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany visit$ ,am/]dam at ?is "t1 & exam9$ ,swamm]dam's collections4 ,greatly impress$ ) _! value1 & ) ! spl5did dissections1 he (f]$ a home to ! "y naturali/ 9 8 palace1 & twelve ?\s& flor9s = ! collection4 ,swamm]dam1 h[ev]1 did n c>e to we> a coll>2 & lov+ fre$om ( ?\ght1 :i* he did n ?9k he w\ld h 9 ,italy1 decl9$ ! (f]4 ,he knew t he w\ld be expect$ to *ange 8 religi\s t5ets1 & said t he w\ld n sell 8 s\l = money4 ,he publi%$ a 8,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,insects10 9 #affi1 & soon aft]w>ds broke d[n1 entirely1 9 heal?1 s t he _h to g into ! c\ntry to re/ & d no?+4 ,b ?is 0 impossible2 & he began to /udy bees1 & _! natural hi/ory4 ,probably x 0 ?is con/ant weak heal?1 & ! solitude necess>y = ! peculi> nature ( 8 "w & obs]vations1 t _h a v rem>kable influ5ce on ! m9d & emotions ( ?is great inve/igator4 ,always religi\s1 he long$ m & m = communion ) 8 ,mak] & ! au?or ( all ! wond]s he 0 con/antly /udy+4 ,:5 9 bett] heal? he 0 happy 9 8 ?\ghts1 & consid]$ t x 0 8 duty to /udy nature2 b :5 ill1 f ! effects ( ov]work1 he began to ?9k t 8 lab\rs 7 lead+ him a/ray1 & t to seek ! good op9ion ( 8 fell[-creatures & to become fam\s1 0 a s94 ,sometimes he gave up sci5ce1 to beg9 aga9 ) fre% zeal1 & !n he w\ld neglect x1 giv+ up 8 :ole "t to religion4 ,un=tunately he 0 unreasonable 9 8 me?od ( work+4 ,bo]haave1 ! great physician1 ?us wrote ( ,swamm]dam3 8,he lab\r$ s assidu\sly at ?is "w z to de/roy 8 con/itution1 nor did he ev] recov] a %ad[ ( 8 =m] /r5g?4 ,! lab\r1 9 fact1 0 beyond ! p[] ( ord9>y m5--all day he 0 employ$ 9 exam9+ objects1 & at night describ$ & del9eat$ :at he _h se5 by day4 ,at six 9 ! morn+1 9 summ]1 he began to receive suffici5t light f ! sun to enable him to trace ! objects ( 8 exam9ation4 ,he cont9u$ dissect+ until twelve1 ) 8 hat remov$ le/ x %\ld imp$e ! light1 & 9 ! full blaze ( ! sun1 ! heat ( :i* caus$ 8 head to be con/antly cov]$ ) pr(use p]spiration4 ,8 eyes be+ con/antly expos$ to a /rong light1 ! effect ( :i* 0 increas$ by ! microscope1 !y 7 s affect$ by x1 t aft] midday he c\ld no long] trace ! m9ute bodies :i* he exam9$1 al?\gh he _h !n z bright a light z 9 ! =5oon40 ,swamm]dam inve/igat$ ! nature ( ! *anges ( outside =m & int]nal /ructure :i* accompany insect life4 ,"s ( 8 draw+s ( ! escape ( ! ephem]a fly f its %ea? ( delicate sk9 on ! surface ( ! wat]1 & out ( ! w+less or nymph condition1 are v beautiful4 ,b 8 accuracy reg>d+ ! m9ute int]nal *anges ( ! tissues & organs 9 ! l>va1 pupa1 & p]fect insect is be+ m & m ackn[l$g$4 ,he taught t ^! *anges 7 n sudd51 b t a cont9u\s gr[? ( organs & tissues culm9at$ at c]ta9 times ( ! life ( ! insect4 ,! l>va1 or cat]pill>1 admirably adapt$ = its c\rse ( life1 0 a /age ( ! life cycle ( a m p]fect =m1 ! imago or fly+ insect4 ,swamm]dam /at$ t all ! organs ( ! p]fect insect--a butt]fly1 = in/ance--7 9 a visible yet only slightly develop$ condition 9 ! cat]pill>4 ,& late rese>*es are lead+ to prove t he 0 "r1 = ! w+s ( ! future fly are to be detect$ 9 ! body ( ! t9y crawl+ ?+ t escapes f ! egg4 ,happy 9 ?is toil :5 he 0 well1 = x 0 all ab\t :at 0 entirely new & previ\sly unkn[n1 he (t5 lab\r$ on1 :5 he 0 ill1 ) 8sighs & te>s40 ,naturally s5sitive1 pi\s1 & v amiable1 he at "o "t q gave up 8 "w "u ! influ5ce ( a rem>kable woman1 ,anto9ette ,b\rignon4 ,%e 0 a weal?y1 well-educat$ p]son1 extremely pla91 & :o believ$ t a mission _h be5 giv5 h] to prea* accord+ to h] own fancies1 & n 9 accordance ) ! g5]al doctr9es ( ! age4 ,%e seems to h /imulat$ ,swamm]dam to lead a purely religi\s life1 & to give up 8 /udies4 ,x 0 ! age ( sects & ( intol]ance2 & possibly ! disagreeable reception :i* ?is c]ta9ly v good woman met )1 made ! man c>e m ab\t h] peculi> t5ets4 ,he began1 s]i\sly1 to try & sell 8 collections1 made catalogues ( 8 possessions1 & correspond$ ) ,anto9ette4 ,:ile v>i\s negotiations 7 p5d+1 ,swamm]dam publi%$ ! results ( 8 t5 ye>s' lab\r & ! 8,anatomy ( ! ,day ,fly10 a great "w1 & 8 be/4 ,!n he w5t on a j\rney into ,d5m>k to use 8 influ5ce ) ! k+ 9 ord] to get ,anto9ette a home 9 t k+dom1 ! ,lu!rans ( ,holl& hav+ ord]$ h] to leave _! c\ntry4 ,he 0 n successful2 & probably ?is affair made a great commotion at home4 ,on ,swamm]dam's return1 8 fa!r1 enrag$ at him = 8 utt] c>elessness ab\t e>n+ money & 8 want ( application to bus9ess1 det]m9$ to all[ him only a small sum ( money to live ^u4 ,he 0 9 utt] despair1 = ?is prev5t$ 8 foll[+ 8 wi% to lead1 = ! future1 a life ( m$itation & religion4 ,! fa!r di$ soon aft]w>ds1 & a lawsuit 0 comm5c$ by ! family to prev5t ,swamm]dam hav+ 8 %>e ( ! prop]ty4 ,?is tr\ble br\ght on illness1 & sev]e ague foll[$1 &1 al?\gh recov]y took place1 ! s5sitive1 able man sank soon aft]w>ds4 ,swamm]dam made an epo* 9 zoology by %[+ ! value ( ! microscope1 & by 8 extreme exactitude 9 descriptions1 draw+s1 & dissections4 ,8 contributions to human anatomy alone w always r5d] 8 "n illu/ri\s4 ,al?\gh ev]ybody mu/ regret t ,swamm]dam _h n good means1 & t 8 "w 0 s sadly br\ght to a close by pov]ty & tr\ble1 yet x mu/ be rememb]$ t weal? is n a great inc5tive to di/9ction 9 subjects t require great self-d5ial1 & :i* are n mu* valu$ by :at is call$ public op9ion4 ,! temptations incid5t to1 & ! real duties ( weal?1 are z great antagoni/s ( successful sci5tific rese>*1 z pov]ty4 ,& c]ta9ly ! frivolity & vice ( ! weal?i] classes ( ,europe1 dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 7 n likely to inspire any ( _! memb]s ) a desire = natural sci5ce4 ,b "s v rem>kable in/ances occurr$1 9 :i* ! g5ius & det]m9ation ( "s great m5 prevail$ ov] ! intol]ance & habits ( ! age1 & enabl$ !m to become m5 ( great m>k 9 zoology & o!r subjects4 ,! fir/ to be notic$ is ,r5 ,anto9e ,f]*ault de ,raumur1 :o 0 born at ,ro*elle1 9 we/]n ,france1 9 #afhc4 ,well born1 & hav+ weal?y p>5ts1 he 0 well educat$1 & de/9$ = ! law4 ,he did n foll[ ! prop5sities ( ! age1 b began to /udy ! arts & manufactures ( ,france ) great c>e1 & to sp5d 8 sp>e "t 9 natural hi/ory rese>*es4 ,f :at is kn[n ( 8 c>e]1 x is v evid5t t he _h le>n$ *emi/ry & m9]alogy1 & t 8 education _h be5 a mo/ c>eful & lib]al "o4 ,8 =tune 0 consid]able1 & x n be+ necess>y = him to "w = 8 bread1 he det]m9$ to foll[ ! b5t ( 8 incl9ations4 ,:5 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 ,raumur w5t to ,p>is1 & 8 fir/ essay 0 9 ! =m ( "s geometrical "w :i* 0 read be=e ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,at ! e>ly age ( tw5ty-f\r he 0 admitt$ a memb] ( t le>n$ & some:at emotional body1 & 0 a v con/ant contributor to its publications = fifty ye>s4 ,at fir/ 8 desire 0 to improve ! arts & manufactures ( 8 native l&1 & 9 #agaa he made exp]im5ts ^u ! manufacture ( ropes1 & he %[$ t ! /r5g? ( a cord is less ?an ! sum ( ! /r5g? ( ! ?reads ( :i* x consi/s1 :5ce x foll[s t ! less a rope is twi/$ aft] a c]ta9 po9t1 ! /rong] x is4 ,9 #agae he began to /udy ! process ( col\r+ artificial pe>ls1 & probably x 0 dur+ ^! rese>*es t 8 att5tion 0 attract$ t[>ds natural hi/ory4 ,he f\nd out ! nature ( ! sub/ance :i* gives ! pe>ly lu/re to fi% scales1 & !n he inve/igat$ ! gr[? ( scales4 ,foll[+ up 8 subject1 he exam9$ into ! me?od ( gr[? ( ! %ells ( molluscs4 ,9 "o ( 8 j\rneys 9 ,langu$oc1 he discov]$ "s sub/ances resembl+ turquoise 9 col\r1 & !y 7 us$ z gems2 b he pu%$ ! matt] fur!r1 & discov]$ a v rem>kable fact4 ,! ext9ct animal call$ ma/odon1 f ! peculi> teat-%ap$ projections on its huge tee?1 roam$ ov] ,europe 9 ! la/ geological age1 & its tee?1 cov]$ ) a v /rong enamel1 h be5 pres]v$ 9 /rata1 or 9 fissures4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! *emical action go+ on 9 rocks1 ! enamel becomes occasionally col\r$1 s z to resemble a turquoise-col\r$ porcela94 ,?is 0 evid5t to ,raumur1 :o wrote ^u ! fact4 ,o!r /udies took him away f natural hi/ory = a :ile1 b !y c]tify to ! en]gy & h>d "w ( ! man & 8 great accuracy4 ,raumur's exp]im5ts 9 ! manufacture ( iron & /eel 7 ( great importance1 & x 0 an attempt to get ! art ( mak+ /eel introduc$ into ,france1 t urg$ him on4 ,he made good use ( 8 k1 = on publi%+ 8 me?ods ( "w1 ! ,reg5t gave him a p5sion ( #ab1jjj livres a ye>4 ,next he discov]$ ! art ( t9n+ iron1 & :il/ exp]im5t+1 ,raumur fir/ notic$ t _m metallic sub/ances 9 pass+ f ! heat$ fluid condition to ! cold /ate1 h a t5d5cy to assume p>ticul> geometrical or cry/all9e =ms4 ,among 8 useful discov]ies 7 plans = ! manufacture ( porcela91 & !y 7 ( great use to ,france4 ,a !rmomet]1 ) a scale ( temp]ature1 /ill l>gely us$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w1 0 inv5t$ by him1 & he took ! freez+ & boil+ po9ts ( wat] z fix$ po9ts1 & divid$ ! int]val into eighty degrees4 ,! pres5t c5tigrade !rmomet] us$ 9 ,france is made on ! same plan1 b ! int]val is divid$ into "o hundr$ degrees4 ,lab\r+ z a physici/1 /ill all ?is "t ,raumur 0 do+ wond]ful "w 9 zoology4 ,he describ$ ! means by :i* _m e*9od]mata--sea-ur*9s & sea-/>s--execute _! movem5ts1 & discov]$ ! curi\s mann] 9 :i* _m cru/acea1 su* z crabs & lob/]s1 ?r[ (f _! limbs & repair !m4 ,b 8 real & la/+ "w 0 on insects1 :i* occupi$ all 8 be/ & lat] ye>s4 ,liv+ 9 p]fect quietude1 )\t any great worries1 sometimes at 8 e/ate at ,saurlonge1 & at o!r times at ,b]cy1 ne> ,p>is1 he work$ on1 giv+ all 8 en]gies to 8 subject4 ,8 lab\rs1 he /at$1 7 publi%$ ) a view to assi/ future inve/igators1 & mo/ ( !m 7 orig9al4 ,he kept up 8 pretty c\ntry h\se & g>d51 & obs]v$ ! insects & _! habits1 & especially _! me?ods ( *ang+ =m4 ,he foll[$ ,swamm]dam 9 ^! inve/igations1 & al?\gh !re are "s diff]5ces ( op9ion betwe5 ! two great m51 /ill !y bo? made _! m>k 9 ! inve/igation ( t "p ( natural hi/ory :i* deals ) ! progressive developm5t ( ! m9ute "y to ! full-gr[n creature4 ,raumur 0 suffici5tly weal?y to =m a l>ge collection ( animals1 & a v able man1 ,m4 ,brisson1 0 employ$ by him z its curator1 & 0 all[$ to describe ! quadrup$s & birds4 ,raumur did n c>e s mu* ab\t classify+ insects1 z describ+ _! habits & anatomy2 b 8 six great volumes are /ill mo/ valuable memorials ( 8 consci5ti\s c>e4 ,he says t ! numb] ( obs]vations necess>y = a tol]ably complete hi/ory ( s _m m9ute animals is prodigi\s4 ,:5 "o reflects on all t an accompli%$ botani/ ought to "k1 x is en\gh to fright5 him4 ,8 memory is load$ ) ! names ( twelve or ?irte5 ?\s& plants1 & he is expect$ to recall1 on occasion1 ! image ( any "o ( !m4 ,!re is p]haps n "o ( ^? plants b has insects peculi> to itself2 & "s trees1 su* z ! oak1 give su/5ance to sev]al hundr$ diff]5t species4 ,& aft] all1 h[ _m are !re t d n live on plants8 ,h[ _m species t dev\r o!rs8 ,h[ _m t live at ! exp5se ( o!r animals8 ,h[ _m species are !re1 "s ( :i* pass ! great] "p ( _! "t 9 wat]1 :ile o!rs pass x entirely !re8 ,! imm5sity ( nature's works is n[h]e m app>5t ?an 9 ! prodigi\s multitudes ( ^! little animals4 ,?is be+ ! case1 he deems x impossible = any "o man to acquire a k ( all ! insects ( ev5 a limit$ di/rict2 !re=e1 in/ead ( bur!n+ ! memory ) ! *>act]i/ic di/9ctions ( ^! creatures1 to ! neglect ( matt]s ( great] importance1 he recomm5ds att5tion to p>ticul> g5]a1 & especially to ^? :i* are ( mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce1 t a k ( _! peculi>ities1 food1 & propagation1 & ! diff]5t =ms !y assume1 may be accurately obta9$4 ,9 ! fir/ two volumes1 ,raumur treats ( cat]pill>s1 _! *anges ( =m into ! *rysalis1 & ?is into ! butt]fly2 ab\t _! diff]5t k9ds & habits1 & conc]n+ ! o!r insects :i* attack !m1 & live )9 !m1 9 _! e>ly /age4 ,! ?ird volume includes ! description ( ! habits ( ! clo!s mo?s1 & ! plant-lice1 or aphides2 ! f\r? treats ( gall insects & two-w+$ flies2 ! fif? conta9s ! hi/ory ( bees1 & ! six? ( wasps & hornets4 ,! natural hi/ory ( ! gras%opp]s1 crickets1 & beetles 0 to h be5 writt5 9 a sev5? volume1 b x 0 nev] complet$4 ,! publi%$ volumes conta9 mu* v valuable in=mation1 & _! great m]it consi/s 9 ! wond]ful c>e ,raumur took1 9 inve/igat+ facts & 9 record+ !m c>efully & sy/ematically4 ,he especially /udi$ ! in/9cts ( insects1 & ?us br\ght _! n]v\s sy/em into prom95t notice1 & also ! evid5t connection betwe5 ! surr\nd+ conditions & ! peculi> lives ( animals4 ,ye>s roll$ on & ! wor?y man became old1 b /ill p]si/$ 9 8 simplicity ( life & desire = /udy4 ,he 0 s sup]ior 9 intellect to ! class to :i* he belong$1 t he liv$ free f jeal\sy & intrigue4 ,probably few m5 h l$ a happi] life ?an ,raumur1 & c]ta9ly 8 useful works w la/ z long z mank9d4 ,at ! age ( sev5ty-f\r he met ) an accid5t :il/ rid+1 & di$ ,octob] #ah?1 #ageg4 ,he _h no p]sonal vanity1 &1 be+ influ5c$ by ! true sci5tific _s1 s\ght tru? & n p]sonal di/9ction & rew>d4 ,l9nu1 ^: life has be5 giv5 "u ! title ( a h]o 9 botanical sci5ce1 0 almo/ z great a zoologi/ z botani/ & m9]alogi/4 ,8 classification ( animals produc$ z great a *ange 9 ! direction & possibility ( /udy+ zoology1 z t ( plants did 9 ! case ( botany4 ,x l$ ! way1 ?r\gh an artificial sy/em1 by :i* animals c\ld be readily kn[n1 to a natural sy/em :i* unit$ animals n only by _! common g5]al %ape1 b also by ! nature1 position1 & use ( _! int]nal organs4 ,8 sy/em ( nam+ animals 0 equal to t ( plants1 & ! reasonable g5]ic & ! applicable specific names1 go+ toge!r1 /amp$ ! animal ) a k9d ( individuality4 ,classification1 description1 & prop] nam+ 7 ! important p>ts ( ,l9nu's zoology4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,buffon1 ,,p5nant1 ,,& ,,lam>ck4 ,! popul> writ+s ( ,buffon1 & 8 life--,p5nant's life--,lam>ck & 8 life--,! rise ( popul> natural hi/ory1 & ( exact descriptions & philosophical zoology4 ,if natural hi/ory _h nev] be5 /udi$ 9 an easy mann]1 & _h n ! results ( ^? /udies be5 giv5 to educat$ m5 desir\s ( kn[+ some?+ ab\t animals 9 popul> yet correct works1 v few m5 w\ld h c>$ to become zoologi/s4 ,x is ! good1 easy1 popul>1 b n necess>ily jocul> book on natural hi/ory t1 z a rule1 excites ! att5tion ( ! "y1 & /imulates ! y\? to obta9 fur!r k4 ,su* books 7 writt5 at a v int]e/+ "t ( ! _w1 & j :5 !y 7 want$2 & ! writ] 0 a v rem>kable man--a man born to weal? & /ation1 b :o1 l _m o!rs1 pref]r$ h>d "w & ! /udy ( nature to slo? & luxuri\s idl5ess1 & ev5 to ! pr(ession ( arms1 s mu* 9 vogue 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,george ,l\is ,lecl]c de ,buffon 0 born on ,septemb] #g?1 #agjg1 at ,montb>d1 9 ,burgundy4 ,he came ( good family1 & 8 fa!r 0 c\ncillor ( ! ,burgundian p>liam5t4 ,8 "m1 ,anne ,*ri/9e ,mazl91 appe>s to h possess$ consid]able natural gifts4 ,%e 0 also ( good family1 & 0 rem>kable1 9 ^? days1 = ! elevation ( h] m9d & /r5g? ( "*4 ,%e 0 a bett] p>5t ?an ! fa!r :o1 al?\gh he 0 look$ ^u z a wond] 9 8 prov9ce1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 wa/eful liv+ & devotion to fea/s1 balls1 & conc]ts1 0 really only a p]son ( av]age m]it4 ,! "m 0 t5d]ly lov$ by h] son1 b ! fa!r gave him "s tr\ble 9 aft] ye>s1 on acc\nt ( 8 follies4 ,nev]!less1 x adds to ! int]e/ & good example ( ,buffon's "* to le>n t he did n c>e to foll[ ! agreeable life ( 8 fa!r1 b t he broke away f x & took to wisdom1 al?\gh hav+ great prop]ty1 he always liv$ & behav$ l a nobleman ( weal? & m5tal di/9ction4 ,buffon 0 ! olde/ ( five *ildr51 & ! re/ 7 devot$ by ! p>5ts to ! prie/hood1 or to nunn]ies2 s x w\ld appe> t ! fa!r n only foll[$ ! rule ( ! day1 to keep ! prop]ty 9 ! h&s ( ! elde/ son1 b to provide = ! o!rs 9 ! *eape/ possible mann]4 ,! "y noble 0 9 due c\rse s5t to a s*ool at ,dijon kept by ,jesuit fa!rs1 ! be/ in/ructors 9 ^? days2 & report says t ! boy 0 fond ( ari?metic & _h a "* = decision & p]sev]ance4 ,aft] a :ile ,buffon 0 ent]$ at ! academy ( ,ang]s1 x be+ decid$ t ! boy %\ld foll[ 8 fa!r z a magi/rate & public man4 ,!re 8 love ( /udy became evid5t1 & 8 application 0 consid]able4 ,"o ( 8 associates 0 a "y ,engli% nobleman1 ,"l ,k+/on1 & !y became great fri5ds1 & probably ?is fri5d%ip 0 caus$ & fo/]$ by 8 lord%ip's ,g]man tutor1 ,h9ckman1 :o 0 a man ( consid]able le>n+4 ,:5 he 0 n9ete5 ye>s ( age ! ?ree fri5ds />t$ = a t\r 9 ,italy4 ,return+ to ,ang]s to resume 8 /udies1 ,buffon became a little wild1 & got into a qu>rel ) a "y ,engli%man at play4 ,buffon w\nd$ 8 antagoni/ & _h to leave ! t[n4 ,he w5t to ,p>is1 b n to wa/e "t2 on ! contr>y1 8 =m] love ( figures1 & 8 lat] /udies 9 ma!matics1 inspir$ him to translate ,newton's 8,fluxions0 into ,fr5*1 & also ,hale's 8,vegetable ,/atics10 :i* subsequ5tly he pres5t$ to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,/ill keep+ up 8 fri5d%ip ) ,"l ,k+/on1 ,buffon visit$ ,italy aga92 & !re is no d\bt t ,h9ckman in/ill$ ! love ( nature into ! "y man's m9d4 ,!y 7 all at ,rome 9 #agcb1 :5 ,buffon he>d ( ! dea? ( 8 "m1 :o 0 greatly m\rn$ by him4 ,he 0 !n tw5ty-five ye>s ( age1 & became v weal?y1 z he 0 8 "m's heir4 ,j\rney+ 9 ,switz]l& he began to "k o!r ,engli% p ( di/9ction4 ,all ^! fri5d%ips l$ him at la/ to ,engl&1 & he w5t to ,?oresby1 ! seat ( ,"l ,k+/on1 & rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry = "s mon?s4 ,buffon _h a v f9e p]son1 lik$ a little 8%[10 & ! r solemn & /ilt$ mann]s ( ! ,briti% nobility pleas$ him4 ,x 0 ?is /ay 9 ,engl&1 & 8 fri5d%ips1 t gave ,buffon "s ( ! mann]s ( ! ari/ocracy ( ! day1 s t ,hume said ( him t he resembl$ a m>%al ( ,france m ?an a man ( lett]s4 ,^! habits1 among/ :i* c\rtesy & true g5tility--t is to say1 treat+ o!r p z we w\ld !y %\ld treat u 9 society--7 pr$om9ant1 clung to ,buffon2 & ev5 :5 at home1 & at 8 v h>d & incessant lab\r 9 natural hi/ory1 he kept up 8 /ate1 & 0 ! great ,fr5* noble z well z ! humble /ud5t ( nature4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 b "o v readily expla9$1 t ,buffon1 l ne>ly all ! great zoologi/s1 began 8 sci5tific life z a botani/4 ,plants are ev] at h&1 & _! classification1 good or bad1 is readily le>n$4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ works1 pres5t$ aft] receiv+ ! hon\r ( election to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1 0 on a "q ( ! influ5ce ( b>k+ trees2 & o!rs 7 on agriculture4 ,he gave a pro( t he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! human frame1 = he wrote on ! causes ( squ9t+4 ,sci5tific m5 ( nobility 7 r>e 9 ,france 9 ^? days1 & ,buffon 0 appo9t$ keep] to ! ,j>d9 du ,roi & ! ,royal ,museum4 ,anxi\s to cont9ue 8 /udies ab\t trees1 he prevail$ on ! k+ to let him exp]im5t on a gr& scale 9 "o ( ! royal =e/s4 ,b ?is 0 only a "p ( 8 "w1 = he comm5c$ t great book on natural hi/ory :i* 0 always aft] to be associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,x 0 n to be a simple book on animals1 b on ! hi/ory ( ! e>? z well2 &1 9 fact1 he int5d$ x to be an encyclopdia ( all natural k except ma!matics & figures4 ,x 0 a great conception & x 0 c>ri$ out ye> aft] ye> dur+ success1 dome/ic happ9ess & tr\ble4 ,! p]sev]ance & pati5ce ( ! man 7 wond]ful2 & =tunately he _h ! means ( collect+ :at 0 requir$1 ( buy+ books & ( hav+ secret>ies to d ! v tr\blesome & me*anical "p ( writ+4 ,he 0 %ort-sight$ & wrote badly4 ,x 0 n vanity1 nor ! desire ( be+ great1 t made ,buffon "w2 c]ta9ly x 0 n amusem5t4 ,b he 0 happy 9 8 "w1 & he /at$ t g5ius is a gift :i* comes n f man2 & ! great man is an in/rum5t 9 ! ,div9e h&2 he has a mission :i* may be = light or to ru91 & nei!r ! environm5t ( pleasure or glory or ! tr\bles ( =tune1 ill-heal?1 or mis]y %\ld det] him f 8 ends4 ,g5ius1 ,buffon also t]m$1 a v great aptitude = pati5ce4 ,daub5ton assi/$ ,buffon 9 8 fir/ ?ree volumes ( natural hi/ory1 & !y came out 9 #agdi1 & ! o!r volumes came out ye> by ye> until 8 dea?4 ,buffon liv$ c>efully1 & kept up ! curi\s /ate ( ! ,fr5* g5tlem5 ( 8 day 9 8 h\se4 ,aft] he 0 dress$1 he dictat$ lett]s & regulat$ 8 dome/ic affairs1 & at six o'clock he retir$ to 8 /udies 9 a build+ call$ ! t[] ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,?is 0 9 ! g>d51 & f> away f ! h\se1 & ! only furniture 9 x 0 a wood5 writ+-table1 ) its cupbo>ds & draw]s1 & an arm*air4 ,nei!r pictures nor books reliev$ ! nak$ appe>ance ( ! ap>tm5t1 or di/ract$ ! ?\ghts ( ! le>n$ pr(essor4 ,! entrance 0 by gre5 fold+ doors1 ! walls 7 pa9t$ gre51 & ! int]ior _h ! appe>ance ( a *apel 9 consequ5ce ( ! elevation ( ! ro(4 ,)9 ?is g>d5 0 ano!r build+1 :]e ,buffon resid$ dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 z x 0 w>m] ?an ! o!r place1 & "h he compos$ mo/ ( 8 works4 ,x 0 a small squ>e build+1 situat$ on ! side ( a t]race1 & 0 ornam5t$ ) draw+s ( birds & bea/s4 ,at n9e o'clock ,buffon usually took an h\r's re/ & 8 breakfa/1 :i* consi/$ ( a piece ( bread & two glasses ( w9e4 ,:5 he _h writt5 = two h\rs aft] breakfa/1 he return$ to ! h\se4 ,at d9n] he sp5t a consid]able "t 9 conv]sation1 & relax$ 8 m9d f "w entirely1 enjoy+ ! wit & gaiety ( 8 fri5ds4 ,he usually slept = an h\r aft] d9n] 9 8 room & took a solit>y walk1 & dur+ ! re/ ( ! ev5+ he ei!r conv]s$ ) 8 family or 8 gue/s1 or sat at 8 desk exam9+ pap]s :i* 7 submitt$ to 8 judgm5t4 ,at n9e o'clock he w5t to b$4 ,9 #agfb1 :5 fifty-five ye>s ( age1 ,buffon m>ri$ a lady :o 0 9 e way suit$ to him1 & :o1 moreov]1 took a deep int]e/ 9 8 /udies4 ,he 0 greatly atta*$ to h]1 & h] companion%ip made ! c\ntry life all ! m pleasant4 ,f\r ye>s aft]w>ds ,l\is ,,xiv4 ennobl$ ,buffon & invit$ him to ,fonta9ebleau to (f] him ! po/ ( ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,=e/s ( ,france1 b ,buffon decl9$ ! (fice4 ,?is great man 0 n above a little vanity3 he lik$ to read ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( 8 works to 8 fri5ds1 & to draw =? _! admiration4 ,he 01 moreov]1 fond ( dress & gr&eur1 b t 0 "p ( ! society ( 8 day4 ,he _h a f9e c\nt5ance & figure1 & x 0 8 delight to display !m to ! be/ advantage4 ,he dress$ 9 ! extreme ( fa%ion1 & amid/ 8 /udies f\nd "t to submit 8 head 7p]haps x 0 only 8 wig7 to ! hairdress]1 two or ?ree times a day4 ,on ,sundays ! peasantry ( ,montb>d assembl$ to gaze at ! ,c\nt aft] ! s]vice ( ! *ur*1 :5 he pass$ ?r\gh _! ranks magnific5tly dress$1 ) 8 son & 8 reta9]s4 ,! natural hi/ory 0 translat$ into ,engli%1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,dut*1 & its *>m+ pages br\ght a k ( nature to _m a home4 ,l mo/ naturali/s ( em95ce1 ,buffon int]e/$ himself ab\t ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>?4 ,8 writ+s 7 n orig9al 9 t "p ( 8 subject1 b :at he did write conta9$ mu* common s5se4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,faculty ( ,!ology at ,p>is f\nd fault ) ! geology1 & in=m$ him t no less ?an f\rte5 propositions 9 8 works 7 repreh5sible & contr>y to ! cre$ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,buffon 0 invit$ to recant1 :i* he v fooli%ly did2 & x mu/ be m5tion$ t ! 8improp] /atem5ts0 are n[ believ$ 91 by e educat$ man4 ,x has be5 writt5 ( ! great naturali/s ( ! pa/1 t ,ari/oteles has %[n ! pr(\nd comb9ation ( ! laws ( nature1 ,pl9ius h] inexhau/ible ri*es1 ,l9nu h] wond]ful details1 & ,buffon h] maje/y & p[]4 ,c]ta9ly 8 great "w conta9s su* pictures ( nature z 7 nev] giv5 be=e1 & r>ely s9ce1 by any naturali/4 ,buffon !re=e _h ! happ9ess ( br++ ! cultivation ( ! sci5ce m g5]ally into fa%ion ?an x _h be5 previ\sly4 ,he 0 defici5t 9 ! ord]ly me?od ( sci5ce1 h[ev]2 8 "w1 supremely int]e/+ & popul>1 0 soon f\nd to be inconsi/5t ) ! sev]ely sci5tific /udy ( nature4 ,?is want ( ord] & classification l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a new s*ool ( zoology4 ,buffon's social position 0 ( great value & importance to him z a naturali/ & to ! /ate also1 = he became ! object ( p]sonal reg>d to _m di/+ui%$ =eign pr9ces1 :o did n hesitate to make pres5ts ( specim5s to ! national museums1 ?r\gh him4 ,8 weal? also enabl$ him to help ! /ate1 = he (t5 pur*as$ m9]als & specim5s ( animals = :i* no public money _h be5 grant$4 ,fr$]ick ! ,great ( ,prussia & 8 son ,h5ry1 ! ,emp]or ,joseph ,,ii4 ( ,au/ria1 ,ca!r9e ( ,russia1 & ! k+s ( ,norway & ,sw$51 all knew ,buffon1 admir$ 8 works1 & s5t pres5ts 9 ord] to complete 8 museum1 :i* 0 devot$ & giv5 by him to ! public4 ,! ,j>d9 du ,roi 0 greatly enl>g$ at ,buffon's exp5se1 & public op9ion spoke well ( ! amiable & b5evol5t own] ( ,montb>d4 ,b1 z ) o!r & less happily plac$ m51 ,buffon _h to suff]1 & ! loss ( 8 *ild1 foll[$ by ! dea? ( ! wife he t5d]ly lov$1 9 ! prime ( h] life1 7 great %ocks to him4 ,he nev] 0 ! same man aft]w>ds1 & s\ght to f9d =getfulness 9 increas$ "w & lit]>y toil4 ,moreov]1 ! +ratitude ( ! rul+ p[] affect$ ,buffon1 :o behav$1 h[ev]1 excell5tly1 & took up ! position :i* e man ( 8 social condition %\ld h ma9ta9$4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #agga1 ,buffon 0 al>m+ly ill1 &1 unkn[n to him1 ! k+1 ,l\is ,,xv41 nom9at$ a ,c\nt d',angivill]1 to succe$ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,museums & ,j>d9 de ,roi4 ,buffon recov]$1 & f\nd out ?is little job1 & 0 naturally annoy$ at ! indec5t ha/e ( putt+ a man 9 8 place at su* a crisis2 b he 0 mo/ indignant :5 he knew :o ! man 0--an ignoramus & c\rt fav\rite1 a p]fectly incompet5t man4 ,x is said t ,l\is ,,xv4 on ?is occasion1 to comp5sate ,buffon = 8 annoyance1 rais$ ! ,montb>d prop]ty to ! hold+ ( a c\nt4 ,c]ta9ly he ord]$ ! sculptor1 ,pajon1 to erect a full-siz$ /atue ( ,buffon 9 ! g>d5 dur+ 8 abs5ce1 & to put ! inflat$ inscription on x1 8,8 g5ius equals ! maje/y ( nature40 ,buffon res5t$ ?is1 & he wrote to ! ,presid5t de ,ruffey3 8,i ?ank y = ! "p y h tak5 9 procur+ ?is /atue1 :i* ,i nei!r requir$ nor solicit$1 & :i* w\ld h done me great] hon\r if x _h be5 erect$ aft] my dea?4 ,i h always ?\ght t a wise man %\ld r fe> envy !n value glory2 all ?is has be5 done )\t consult+ me40 ,"s ye>s aft]w>ds an ar*itect1 :o 0 employ$ 9 embelli%+ "s ( ! build+s 9 ! ,j>d9 du ,roi1 wi%$ to complim5t ,buffon1 b ?is simple-m9d$1 sci5tific man /at$1 8,i _c agree to any exp5diture :i* w contribute to my p]sonal glory1 & ,i _h no?+ to d ) ! /atue !y erect$ to me40 ,9 writ+ to ,madame ,neck]1 he %[$ h[ exactly he und]/ood ! ,fr5* c\rt1 & appreciat$ its praises3 8,i pass$ ! :ole ( ye/]day & ! day be=e 9 mak+ obs]vations & notes on a mo/ important project pres5t$ to ! k+1 relat+ to ! plant+ ( #ajj1jjj fir trees = ! ma/s ( ! navy4 ,i w\ld n grudge ! "t if my advice 7 likely to be useful & valu$ & tak52 b 9 ! high circle :]e y h n c>$ ab\t rema9+1 !y d sometimes consult compet5t m51 & end1 inv>iably1 by foll[+ ! advice ( ! ignorant40 ,buffon liv$ = _m ye>s aft] ^! tr\bles1 & ga9$ fre% laurels4 ,^? :i* w la/ ! longe/ 7 ! results ( 8 *>m+ descriptions ( ! habits ( animals4 ,at la/1 at ! age ( eighty-"o ye>s1 he di$1 full ( hon\rs1 8 la/ words address$ to 8 son be+1 8,my son1 nev] leave ! pa? ( virtue & hon\r2 x is ! true road to happ9ess40 ,ab\t a ye> be=e ! dea? ( ,george ,i41 a son 0 born to a family ( good old "n & r5[n at ,d[n+1 9 ,fl9t%ire4 ,! *ild 0 *ri/5$ ,?omas1 & 8 o!r "n 0 ,p5nant1 & ^! names are con/antly com+ be=e naturali/s :o p>ticul>ly /udy zoology at ! pres5t "t4 ,little is kn[n ab\t ! e>ly ye>s ( ?is ard5t /ud5t1 except t he 0 educat$ at ,wrexham s*ool4 ,l mo/ boys he took notice ( birds & _! habits1 & if "o may judge f ! results1 he mu/ h really begun to /udy ! diff]5t k9ds ( birds1 c>efully1 :5 he 0 ab\t twelve ye>s ( age4 ,he ow$ 8 op5+ c>e] z a zoologi/ to ,ray & ,willughby1 = x 0 a pres5t made to him ( ! book ( birds ( ?is la/ au?or1 t drew 8 att5tion to ! /udy ( nature :i* he nev] subsequ5tly neglect$4 ,aft] leav+ s*ool1 ,p5nant 0 s5t to ,ox=d1 :]e 8 /udies d n appe> to h be5 ( any importance1 s f> z ! subjects :i* 7 taught 7 conc]n$4 ,he did n take 8 degree1 & yet x is evid5t t he /udi$ ! nature ( ?+s visible to him1 & t he 0 well read 9 ! sci5ce ( ! day4 ,8 m9d 0 r influ5c$ by ! writ+s ( ,l9nu1 & 9 consequ5ce he took an int]e/ 9 m9]alogy z well z ab\t natural hi/ory4 ,imm$iately aft] leav+ ,ox=d1 ,p5nant began to travel ab\t 8 own c\ntry1 & visit$ ,cornwall4 ,he exam9$ _m ( ! m9es1 & /udi$ ! natural hi/ory ( ! di/ricts1 b he did n publi% any?+1 be+ app>5tly an e>ne/ /ud5t ( :at 0 already kn[n4 ,:5 tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age an e>?quake occurr$ at ,d[n+1 & ,p5nant wrote a description ( x1 :i* 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society & publi%$ 9 ! 8,philosophical ,transactions40 ,?is 0 a great hon\r = s "y a man4 ,animals1 h[ev]1 & _! %apes1 habits1 & simil>ities 7 8 special /udy1 & he lab\r$ h>d1 ye> aft] ye>1 9 describ+ !m4 ,he got mu* practical k ( ^? ( our own c\ntry1 & f9ally1 at ! age ( ?irty-five1 9 #agfa1 he comm5c$ ! publication ( 8 fir/ great "w1 ! 8,briti% ,zoology10 :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 l>ge folio1 & :5 complete conta9$ "o hundr$ & ?irty-two plates4 ,he 0 well kn[n be=e ?is magnific5t "w appe>$1 & ,l9nu _h urg$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,upsala to elect him a memb] ( _! ,royal ,society4 ,8 great book appe>$ aft]w>ds 9 small] editions1 & "o 9 qu>to is (t5 us$4 ,! 8,briti% ,zoology0 includ$ ! description ( ! species ( animals at t "t kn[n to inhabit ,great ,brita91 except ! insects4 ,s good 0 ! "w & s accurate 7 ! descriptions1 t x 0 translat$ into ,lat9 & ,g]man1 & _h a l>ge circulation abroad4 ,anxi\s to comp>e 8 "w ) ^? ( =eign naturali/s1 & to see ! specim5s ( simil> animals 9 ! great cont95tal museums1 ,p5nant travell$ abroad 9 #agfe1 & made ! acqua9tance ( ! mo/ important zoologi/s ( ! day4 ,he visit$ ,buffon at ,montb>d1 & _! fri5d%ip l$ to a correspond5ce1 :i* la/$ = ye>s4 ,!n he w5t on to ,switz]l&1 & met ,hall] at ,b]ne4 ,com+ home by way ( ,g]many & ,holl&1 he met a di/+ui%$ travell] & naturali/1 ,pallas by "n4 ,p5nant wrote ab\t him3 8,our conv]sation relat$ *iefly to natural hi/ory1 & z we 7 bo? en?usia/ic admir]s ( our great ,ray1 ,i propos$ 8 und]tak+ a hi/ory ( quadrup$s on ! sy/em ( our c\ntryman1 a little re=m$4 ,he ass5t$ to my plan1 & wrote me a long lett] 9 :i* he s5t me an outl9e ( 8 design1 & 8 resolution to pursue x ) all ! exp$ition consi/5t ) 8 o!r engagem5ts40 ,pallas w5t to ,russia1 & nev] accompli%$ 8 object1 b ,p5nant foll[$ out ! idea himself1 & 9 #agga publi%$ a "w ) ! title ( 8,a ,synopsis ( ,quadrup$s10 illu/rat$ ) ab\t ?irty plates4 ,?is 0 int5d$ z a k9d ( index to ! species ( animals describ$ by ,buffon 9 8 great "w on natural hi/ory4 ,he gradually1 h[ev]1 ext5d$ its limits1 & includ$ 9 x ! description ( _m animals :i* he _h obs]v$ 9 collections or :i* _h be5 discov]$ by travell]s1 & :i* _h be5 unkn[n to ,buffon4 ,ye>s aft]w>ds ! great ,cuvi] said ( ?is "w1 8t x is /ill indisp5sable to ^? :o wi% to /udy ! hi/ory ( quadrup$s40 ,/ruck ) ! int]e/+ nature ( ! animals ( ,india1 :i* 7 !n beg9n+ to be /udi$1 ,p5nant comm5c$ a "w ab\t !m1 & twelve plates 7 complet$4 ,b x 0 a "w f> beyond ! p[]s & pocket ( a naturali/ ( t date1 & x 0 n complet$4 ,a m cong5ial "w 0 und]tak5 by him :5 he rambl$ ab\t ,scotl& notic+ ! habits ( ! p & ! birds4 ,he seems to h obs]v$ mu* t 0 int]e/+1 & to h publi%$ 8 rem>ks4 ,!n he began a "w on ! g5]a ( birds1 on ! plan ( 8 books on quadrup$s1 & ?is 0 n complet$4 ,he wrote a book on 8,arctic ,zoology10 :i* 0 ( c\rse a compilation f ! works ( travell]s & =eign zoologi/s :o _h visit$ ! c\ntries )9 ! arctic circle4 ,he also receiv$ /uff$ specim5s f diff]5t =eign museums4 ,x 0 a capital book1 & x acquir$ a consid]able reputation among/ naturali/s1 f its conta9+ figures & descriptions ( animals hi!rto b little kn[n4 ,x is read at ! pres5t day1 & is a pro( ( ,p5nant's exactitude4 ,ev] anxi\s to g on work+1 he ev5 9 8 sixty-sev5? ye> plann$ an ext5sive "w :i* 0 to consid] ! natural hi/ory & antiquities ( e c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,he absolutely did produce two great volumes ( ?is "w1 tak+ ,h9do/an z 8 subject4 ,! great m]it ( ,p5nant 0 t he obs]v$ s mu* & 0 a capital practical zoologi/4 ,moreov]1 8 great k ( o!r ?+s & 8 g5]al accompli%m5ts enabl$ him to sift ! good f ! bad zoology ( 8 day4 ,he appe>s to h liv$ ! life ( a /ud5t & naturali/ :5 ! k+dom 0 always 9 a :irlw9d ( politics1 & :5 =eign tr\bles prevail$4 ,unlike mo/ ( 8 class1 = he 0 a little c\ntry squire1 liv+ on 8 own e/ate at ,d[n+1 he devot$ himself to nature1 & = _m ye>s 8 books gave great enjoym5t to ?\s&s ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,!y are mo/ readable books1 full ( anecdotes1 & x is evid5t t he 0 a ma/] ( 8 "m tongue1 a great antiqu>y1 besides a naturali/ ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,he 0 "o ( ! few m5 :o foll[$ ! sci5ce ( zoology )\t hav+ ! previ\s education ( a m$ical man1 &1 l all good zoologi/s1 he 0 an excell5t botani/4 ,"s ( ,p5nant's t\rs ?r\gh ,engl&1 ,wales1 & ,scotl& are exce$+ly in/ructive 9 ! antiquities ( places1 b ! mo/ int]e/+ rem>ks are ^u natural hi/ory subjects1 "s ( :i* are sci5tific & o!rs n at all s4 ,:5 9 ,l9coln%ire he notic$ ! f5s ne> ,revesby ,abbey1 eight miles beyond ,hornca/le1 :i* he says are ( va/ ext5t1 b s]ve = little o!r purpose ?an ! re>+ ( great numb]s ( geese1 :i* are ! weal? ( ! f5m54 8,dur+ ! bre$+ season ^! birds are lodg$ 9 ! same h\ses ) ! inhabitants & ev5 9 _! v b$-*amb]s4 ,9 e ap>tm5t !re are ?ree r[s ( co>se wick] p5s1 plac$ "o above ano!r2 ea* bird has its sep>ate lodge divid$ f ! o!r1 :i* x keeps possession ( dur+ its "t ( sett+4 ,a p]son call$ a gozz>d att5ds ! flock1 & twice a day drives ! :ole to wat]2 !n br+s !m back to _! habitations1 help+ ^? t live 9 ! upp] /ories to _! ne/s1 )\t ev5 misplac+ a s+le bird4 ,! geese are pluck$ five times 9 ! ye>4 ,! fir/ pluck+ is at ,lady ,day1 = fea!rs & quills1 & ! same is r5ew$1 = fea!rs only1 f\r times betwe5 ?is & ,mi*aelmas4 ,! old geese submit v quietly to ! op]ation1 b ! "y ones are v noisy & unruly4 ,i once saw ?is p]=m$1 & obs]v$ t ! gosl+s ( six weeks old 7 n sp>$1 = _! tails 7 pluck$1 z ,i 0 told to habituate !m e>ly to :at !y 7 to come to4 ,if ! season proves cold1 numb]s ( geese die f ?is b>b>\s cu/om4 ,va/ numb]s are driv5 annually to ,london to supply ! m>kets2 among !m all ! sup]annuat$ geese & g&]s 7"h call$ cagmags7 :i* s]ve to fatigue ! jaws ( ! good citiz5s :o are s un=tunate z to meet ) !m40 ,he proce$s1 8,x is obs]vable t once 9 sev5 or eight ye>s1 imm5se %oals ( /icklebacks appe> 9 ! ,well& bel[ ,spald+1 & attempt com+ up ! riv] 9 a va/ column4 ,!y are suppos$ to be ! collect$ multitudes wa%$ out ( ! f5s by ! floods ( sev]al ye>s1 & c>ri$ into "s deep hole4 ,:51 ov]*>g$ ) numb]s1 !y are oblig$ to attempt a *ange ( place1 !y move up ! riv] 9 su* quantities z to enable a man :o 0 employ$ 9 tak+ !m1 to e>n1 = a consid]able "t1 f\r %ill+s a day by sell+ !m at a halfp5ny p] bu%el4 ,!y 7 us$ to manure l&1 & attempts h be5 made to get oil f !m40 8,! birds :i* inhabit ! diff]5t f5s are v num]\s2 ,i nev] met ) a f9] field = ! zoologi/ to range 94 ,besides ! common wild duck1 wild geese1 gorganies1 po*>ds1 %ovell]s1 & teals bre$ "h4 ,i h se5 9 ! ea/ f5 a small flock ( ! tuft$ ducks2 b !y seem$ only to make x a bait+ place4 ,! pewits1 gulls1 & black t]ns ab\nd2 ! la/ 9 va/ flocks almo/ deaf5 "o ) _! clam\r1 & a few ( ! great t]ns are se5 among/ !m4 ,i saw sev]al ( ! great cre/$ grebes on ! ea/ f51 call$ !re gaunts1 & met ) "o ( _! float+ ne/s ) eggs 9 x4 ,! less] cre/$ grebe1 ! black & dusky grebe1 & ! little grebe are also inhabitants ( ! f5s1 toge!r ) ! coots1 wat]-h5s1 spott$ wat]-h5s1 wat]-rails1 ruffs1 r$%anks1 lapw+s or wipes1 r$ cre/$ godwits & :imbrels40 8,b ! greate/ curiosity 9 ^? p>ts is ! va/ h]onry at ,cressi ,hall1 six miles f ,spald+4 ,! h]ons resort !re 9 ,febru>y to repair _! ne/s1 settle !re 9 ! spr+ to bre$1 & quit ! place dur+ ! w9t]4 ,!y are z num]\s z rooks1 & _! ne/s are s cr[d$ toge!r t myself & ! company t 0 ) me1 c\nt$ n less ?an eighty on "o spread+ oak4 ,i f\nd t ! cre/$ h]on 0 only ! male ( ! o!r1 & x made a mo/ beautiful appe>ance ) its sn[y neck & long cre/ /ream+ ) ! w9d40 ,visit+ ,sc>bor\gh1 & giv+ mu* in=mation ab\t ! diff]5t k9ds ( fi% caught1 he /ates3 8,at a di/ance ( f\r or five leagues f %ore1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/1 x is rem>k$ t at ! dep? ( six or sev5 fa?oms f ! surface1 ! wat] appe>s to be saturat$ l a ?ick jelly1 fill$ ) ! ova ( fi%1 :i* rea*es t5 or twelve fa?oms deep]2 ?is is kn[n by its adh]+ to ! ropes1 ! cables1 & an*or :5 !y are fi%+40 8,l&+ at a small isl& fur!r nor?1 we f\nd ! female eid] ducks at t "t sitt+2 ! l[] "p ( _! ne/s 0 made ( sea plants1 ! upp] "p 0 =m$ ( ! d[n :i* !y pull$ (f _! own brea/s1 9 :i* ! eggs 7 surr\nd$ & w>mly b$d$4 ,9 "s ne/s 7 ?ree & 9 o!rs five eggs ( l>ge size & pale olive col\r1 z smoo? & glossy z if v>ni%$ ov]4 ,! ne/s are built on ! bea* among ! loose pebbles1 n f> f ! wat]4 ,! ducks sit v close1 nor w !y rise until y almo/ tread ^u !m4 ,we robb$ ! ne/s ( "s d[n1 & f\nd t ! d[n ( "o only weighs ?ree qu>t]s ( an ounce1 b 0 s ela/ic z to fill ! cr[n ( a hat40 ,p5nant des]v$ good heal? & _h x1 =1 except :5 old age came on1 he 0 a s+ul>ly heal?y man4 ,he di$ 9 #agih1 at ! age ( sev5ty-two ye>s4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,anto9e de ,monet1 also call$ ! ,*evali] de ,lam>ck1 0 born at ,bazant91 a village ( ,pic>dy1 on ,april #a/1 #agdd4 ,he 0 ! elev5? *ild ( ,pi]re de ,monet1 ! pr9cipal p]son ( ! neighb\rhood1 ^: small e/ate 0 disproportionate to 8 huge family4 ,b ! ,*ur* 0 a res\rce = su* families1 & occasionally its great prizes 7 tak5 by ! y\ng] memb]s ( noble h\ses4 ,s ,m4 de ,monet det]m9$ to prep>e 8 son1 at an e>ly age1 = ?is hopeful future1 & s5t him to ! ,jesuit ,college at ,ami5s4 ,h[ev]1 ! incl9ations ( ! *ild 7 n ^? :i* made x probable t he w\ld succe$ 9 ! direction :i* 8 fa!r _h *os5 = him4 ,ev]y?+ ar\nd ! boy1 at home1 0 q oppos$ to a cl]ical c>e]4 ,= c5turies 8 ance/ors _h c>ri$ arms1 & 8 elde/ bro!r 0 kill$ at ! siege ( ,b]g5-op-,zoom4 ,two bro!rs 7 9 ! army1 & at t "t ,france 0 9 dire tr\ble1 & requir$ e man :o c\ld fight1 x 0 !re=e n probable t "y ,lam>ck w\ld /ay at home4 ,nev]!less1 8 fa!r resi/$ 8 desire to ent] ! army1 & ! "y man _h to /udy ye> aft] ye>1 until he 0 sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,!n 9 #agfj ! fa!r di$1 & ! y\? 0 left to 8 own res\rces4 ,he set =? = ! army1 m\nt$ on a sorry horse1 & accompani$ by a poor boy out ( ! village1 to j\rney across ,france into ,g]many to jo9 ! ,fr5* army4 ,he _h a lett] ( introduction f "o ( 8 neighb\rs1 ,madame ,lame?1 to ,m4 de ,l>ti1 colonel ( ! regim5t ( ,beaujolais1 :o did n receive him v gladly1 = ! wret*$ness ( ! boy made him look m helpless ?an he really 04 ,nev]!less1 he s5t ,lam>ck to 8 b>racks & _h him to d duty4 ,x 0 at a mo/ critical mom5t t ! brave1 self-reliant boy jo9$ ! army4 ,x 0 ab\t ,july #ad?1 #agfa1 & ,m4 de ,broglie _h j unit$ 8 =ce ) t ( ! ,pr9ce du ,sorbise1 prep>atory to attack+1 on ! next day1 ! alli$ army1 comm&$ by ,fr$]ick ( ,brunswick4 ,at break ( day ,m4 de ,l>ti inspect$ 8 regim5t1 & ! fir/ p]son he saw 0 ! newly-arriv$ volunte]1 :o1 )\t ord]s1 _h plac$ himself 9 ! fir/ rank ( ! gr5adi] company4 ,! battle1 :i* 0 f\ght at ,fiss+%aus51 betwe5 ,ham & ,lepp/adt1 0 lo/ by ! ,fr5*1 & dur+ ! fight1 ! company1 9 :i* 0 ,m4 de ,lam>ck1 0 plac$ 9 a locality on :i* ! :ole ( ! alli$ artill]y 0 conc5trat$1 & x 0 =gott5 to be mov$ dur+ ! confusion ( ! retreat4 ,all ! (fic]s & sub-(fic]s 7 kill$1 & only sixte5 m5 rema9$1 :5 ! olde/ gr5adi]1 see+ t !y 7 left beh9d by _! army1 propos$ to ! "y volunte] t !y %\ld retreat4 ,lam>ck said1 8,!y h po/$ u "h1 & we ought n to move until we are reliev$10 & insi/$ on rema9+4 ,by-&-by ! colonel1 miss+ ! company1 s5t !m an ord] to retreat by safe ways1 & "u ! %elt] ( :at !y c\ld get4 ,?is act ( great c\rage 0 told to ! ,m>%al de ,broglie1 & he made ,lam>ck an (fic] on ! spot4 ,!n he 0 made lieut5ant4 ,b su* a brilliant comm5cem5t 0 n to h a milit>y t]m9ation1 & a mis]able accid5t gave a new direction to 8 life4 ,:5 ,lam>ck1 aft] ! w>1 0 9 g>rison at ,monaco1 "o ( 8 fell[-(fic]s lift$ him up by ! head1 & ! result 0 to injure 8 neck4 ,he ne>ly di$ f ! effects ( ?is folly1 & 0 sav$ by a di/+ui%$ surgeon at ,p>is1 ,m4 ,t5on1 ^: op]ation left ,lam>ck ) life1 & a fe>fully sc>r$ neck1 & unable to foll[ 8 pr(ession4 ,! treatm5t occupi$ a :ole ye>1 & he 0 s poor1 t "o ( 8 biograph]s /ates1 r cruelly1 t 8 necess>y solitude gave him pl5ty ( "t = m$itation4 ,x is rem>kable t al?\gh ,lam>ck c>$ m = ! army ?an = 8 /udies at college he really work$ !re1 & :at he le>n$ 0 ( great use to him 9 8 future c>e]4 ,8 h\rs ( we>y suff]+ 7 sometimes employ$ 9 /udy+ ! cl\ds1 & 9 notic+ _! diff]5t %apes & appe>ances4 ,he got by ?is means "s vague ideas ( meteorology4 ,he _h already be5 attract$1 dur+ 8 /ay at ,monaco1 by ! curi\s vegetation ( t rocky c\ntry1 & lad tak5 a fancy = botany f read+ a treatise on common plants1 :i* happ5$ to fall 9 8 way4 ,he !re=e began to see t ! pr(ession ( arms 0 n ! only "o wor? liv+ =1 or 9 :i* di/9ction might be e>n$2 & he took ! bold resolution ( apply+ himself to ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,?is1 consid]+ ! smallness ( 8 res\rces1 0 h>dly less haz>d\s ?an 8 =m] det]m9ation to jo9 ! army4 ,unable to defray ! exp5se att5d+ ! /udies to :i* he n[ appli$ himself1 he 0 =c$ to seek employm5t z a bank]'s cl]k1 & ?us to "w = ! means ( pursu+ 8 purpose4 ,he /udi$ m$ic9e f\r ye>s1 & at ! end ( t "t1 n f9d+ x accord ) 8 ta/e1 he rel9qui%$ x1 9 ord] to atta* himself ! m closely to botany4 ,9 ?is sci5ce he lab\r$ mo/ p]sev]+ly1 & aft] a prep>ation ( t5 ye>s he sudd5ly reveal$ himself & 8 views to ! le>n$ _w 9 a "w z rem>kable = ! novelty ( ! plan1 z = ! mode ( execution4 8,= a long "t10 says ,cuvi]1 8:ile collect+ plants1 & visit+ ! ,j>d9 du ,roi1 ,lam>ck gave way to discussions ) o!r botani/s on ! imp]fections ( all ! sy/ems ( classification !n kn[n1 & on ! ease ) :i* a new sy/em might be creat$1 capable ( det]m9+ plants ) great] quickness & c]ta9ty4 ,wi%+ to prove :at he _h s (t5 affirm$ he set to "w1 & aft] six mon?s ( incessant lab\r he produc$ 8 8,flore ,franaise40 ,?is "w 0 m]ely an epitome ( plants indig5\s to ,france1 to :i* ,lam>ck _h n v5tur$ to add "o new species2 b x 0 a conv5i5t & sure guide to ! "n ( e plant1 & 0 peculi>ly acceptable at a "t :5 ! writ+s ( ,r\sseau _h r5d]$ botany popul>4 ,by ,lam>ck's arrangem5t1 ! mo/ easily reconcil$ portions ( ! sy/ems !n 9 vogue1 namely1 ^? ( ,t\rne=t1 ,l9nu1 & ,jussieu1 7 select$ to =m a new me?od ( classification4 ,?is me?od 0 admir$ by ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 & 0 also recomm5d$ by ,buffon1 :o _h suffici5t int]e/ to get x publi%$ at ! exp5se ( ! gov]nm5t1 = ! b5efit ( ! au?or :o mu* ne$$ su* aid4 ,lam>ck 0 promot$ to a vacant place 9 ! ,acadmie des ,sci5ces1 & dur+ #agha-hb he w5t z tutor & botani/ to ,buffon's son ?r\gh ,holl&1 ,g]many1 & ,hung>y1 visit+ public e/abli%m5ts & le>n$ m54 ,on 8 return to ,france1 he appli$ himself zeal\sly to 8 =m] /udies1 & produc$ ! botanical portion ( ! 8,encyclopdie ,me?odique40 ,lam>ck lab\r$ dilig5tly at 8 "w1 & ev5 ) too mu* precipitation1 = ha/e 0 injuri\s to correctness4 ,he also drew a s]ies ( plates to illu/rate ! diff]5t g5]a ( plants4 ,^! appe>$1 arrang$ accord+ to ! ,l9nan sy/em1 ?\gh contr>y to ! wi% ( ! au?or4 ,lam>ck w5t on ) ! "w until ! break+ out ( ! ,revolution arre/$ ! publication ( ! ,encyclopdie4 ,9 #aghh ,lam>ck 0 associat$ ) ,daub5ton z botani/ ( ! ,cab9et du ,j>d9 du ,roi1 & *>g$ ) ! pres]vation & arrangem5t ( ! h]b>iums4 ,"h1 amid/ 8 peaceful occupations & /udies1 he rema9$ unmole/$ amid/ all ! tr\bles ( ! ,revolution4 ,b ,lam>ck 0 mis]ably poor2 8 p5sion = 8 s]vices 9 ! army1 0 less ?an "o %ill+ a day1 & he wrote = bad pay4 ,buffon c\ld n give him a position wor? any?+2 & x 0 n until ! successor ( t great man came 9 (fice t ,lam>ck _h a little sal>y giv5 to him z "o ( ! assi/ants 9 ! h]b>ium4 ,ev5 ?is mis]able appo9tm5t 0 n assur$ to him1 = ! ,national ,assembly 0 desir\s ( suppress+ ! e/abli%m5t1 & f9ally did s4 ,lam>ck _h m>ri$1 & _h a family1 & we>y inde$ mu/ h be5 8 life _h he n be5 devot$ to sci5ce4 ,he took no "p 9 ! ,fr5* revolution1 & :il/ pov]ty at home & dang] out ( doors 7 con/ant1 he p]si/$ 9 /udy+ nature4 ,ye>s pass$ away1 & ! be/ "p ( a life 0 sp5t1 & /ill ,lam>ck 0 n a zoologi/4 ,! et]nal fame :i* he atta9$ began to be e>n$ aft] ! fiftie? ye> ( 8 age1 :5 circum/ances ov] :i* he _h no control gave him ! opportunity ( di/+ui%+ himself1 & ( add+ mat]ially to ! tru?s ( sci5ce z well z to its !ories4 ,! ,j>d9 et ,cab9et du ,roi 7 re>rang$ 9 _! purpose & "n 9 #agic1 & 7 call$ ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 & all ! old (ficials 7 made pr(essors1 & _h to tea* ! subjects be/ kn[n or *os5 by !m4 ,lam>ck1 z ! la/ com]1 _h to take :at ! o!rs left & w\ld n und]take to tea*4 ,x 0 ! pr(essor%ip :i* relat$ to ! class ( animals1 call$ by ,l9nu1 worms & insects1 & :i* _h hi!rto be5 almo/ ov]look$1 on acc\nt ( ! suppos$ unimportance ( ! subject4 ,until t "t ,lam>ck _h nev] /udi$ animals1 & ( c\rse knew no?+ ( ! bran* ( zoology :i* 0 n[ entru/$ to him4 ,he _h tak5 an int]e/ 9 %ells1 & _h made a small collection1 b ?is 0 all4 ,b he did n %r9k f ! task be=e him4 ,he set to "w ) inexhau/ible c\rage1 avail+ himself ( ! advice ( 8 fri5ds1 & apply+ to ! new /udy all t sagacity & p]sev]ance :i* _h already be5 s invaluable to him 9 8 botanical works4 ,by 8 indefatigable zeal 9 ?is new sph]e ( inquiry ,lam>ck 0 soon enabl$ to discov] & to demon/rate t ! animals ^: hi/ory _h be5 left to him ?r\gh contempt1 7 q z int]e/+ z o!rs1 if n m s1 on acc\nt ( _! va/ numb]s1 ! important "p !y p]=m 9 nature1 ! inf9ite v>iety ( _! =ms1 & ! wond]s ( _! organization4 ,8 extraord9>y lab\rs 9 ?is dep>tm5t h contribut$ mu* m to 8 fame ?an 8 botanical writ+s1 & are c]ta9ly m valuable4 ,he seems to h ex]cis$ 8 abilities to ! utmo/ 9 ^! rese>*es2 & if1 s9ce t "t1 x has be5 necess>y 9 "s in/ances to alt]1 to am5d1 or to ext5d ! limits ( 8 "w1 yet x rema9s a la/+ mem5to ( 8 tal5ts1 & x w be long ere any "o w be f\nd suffici5tly pr(\nd 9 k to und]take a g5]al revision & alt]ation ( 8 works4 ,at ! pres5t day1 :5 any /ud5t beg9s to le>n ! zoology ( ! l[] animals1 he w f9d a v great numb] ( g5]a ) ! "n ( ,lam>ck plac$ aft] !m1 indicat+ t he fir/ ( all describ$ & publi%$ !m4 ,z ! /ud5t becomes accompli%$ he w appreciate ,lam>ck m & m1 & w come to ! conclusion t no "o has done su* good & solid "w z t di/+ui%$ ,fr5*man1 among/ ! va/ assemblage ( animals :i* he fir/ ( all call$ inv]tebrata1 or animals )\t backbones4 ,?is t]m he us$ 9 pref]5ce to ! old "o ( :ite or col\rless-blood$ animals1 z he soon saw t "s _h r$ blood4 ,lam>ck work$ v h>d 9 describ+ & gr\p+ ! g5]a1 & gradually modifi$ ! zoology ( ^? l[] =ms ( life4 ,fir/ ( all he classifi$ !m by _! anatomy1 & !n1 aft] ab\t fifte5 ye>s' lab\r1 remodell$ 8 classification1 & publi%$ a sy/em ( inv]tebrata1 conta9+ ! classes1 ord]s1 & g5]a ( ! animals1 m5tion+ _! mo/ important anatomical *>act]s4 ,9 ?is book he1 = ! fir/ "t among/ zoologi/s1 began ) ! mo/ simple & lea/ highly organiz$ animals1 ! conv]se hav+ be5 ! me?od previ\sly4 ,!re 0 a reason 9 ?is t w be notic$ fur!r on4 ,out ( ! confusion ( old he made ! great gr\ps appe> cle> & well def9$4 ,?us f among/ ! insects he sep>at$ ! cru/acea or crab tribe1 & he introduc$ t ( ! ara*nida or spid]s4 ,!n he describ$ & limit$ a class ( worms call$ by him annelida2 moreov]1 he plac$ ! microscopic infusoria 9 a class by !mselves1 & remov$ !m f ! jumble ( ! polypes4 ,8 "w ext5d$ into ! mollusca1 bo? bivalve & univalve2 he nam$ _m g5]a & species ( corals1 & 9 e gr\p %[$ a ma/] m9d4 ,! fossil %ells f\nd 9 su* abundance at ?is "t1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,p>is1 attract$ 8 att5tion1 & he lab\r$ on _! description & explanation4 ,9 fact1 ! enorm\s lab\rs ( ,lam>ck consolidat$ ! zoology ( ! l[] animals1 & 8 writ+s became ! text-books ( all 8 successors1 & w be ref]r$ to1 z long z sci5ce la/s4 ,he _h a mo/ s+ul> capacity = di/+ui%+ animals into k9ds or species1 & a m important "o ( obs]v+ ! alliances or common *>act]s ( diff]5t species4 ,all 8 descriptive "w 0 ( a /&>d & solid nature4 ,8 great "w appe>$ f #ahae to #ahbb1 & x 0 f\nd$ on t j m5tion$2 "s ( x 0 edit$ by 8 daught]1 & ,m4 ,latreille wrote ! p>ts on insects1 & mu* ( ^? ( ! mollusca 0 due to ,m4 ,val5ci5nes4 ,five volumes 7 by ,lam>ck himself4 ,x is a v unusual occurr5ce = a man to take up a new subject aft] he is fifty ye>s ( age1 & to become a ma/] 9 x4 ,b ,lam>ck did ?is4 ,x is true t 8 previ\s tra9+ z a botani/ _h prep>$ him1 & x is also true t 8 ye>s ( solitude & pov]ty _h giv5 him a s+ul>ly placid & m$itative m9d1 & ?is 0 /r5g!n$ by 8 natural c\rage4 ,_h ,lam>ck be5 a descriptive zoologi/ only1 he w\ld h be5 great2 b ! v me?od :i* made him great orig9at$ 9 "s rem>kable speculations :i* _h h>dly be5 express$1 s]i\sly1 by any man be=e4 ,n only did he place ! animal k+dom ) ! l[e/ fir/1 b he consid]$ ! w1 in/9ct1 & app>5t reason ( animals1 & classifi$ !m accord+ly ) ^? :i* are apa!tic1 s5sible1 & intellig5t4 ,! idea ( l[ness ( organization or ( /ructure & l[ness ( n]v\s p[] among/ ! simple/ animals /ruck him to be ( prim>y importance4 ,hi!rto1 q z _m p believ$ t ! highe/ & mo/ intellig5t animals 7 creat$ fir/1 & t ! l[] ones _h deg5]at$ f !m4 ,lam>ck conceiv$ t nature1 act+ by law1 comm5c$ ) ! simple/ ?+s1 & t "o species =m$ o!rs1 s t ! pres5t animals & plants are ! outcome ( ^? ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! e>?4 ,he believ$ 9 incessant *ange 9 nature1 & t :5 our k is complete ! app>5tly well sep>at$ & def9$ species w be f\nd to be unit$ by int]m$iate =ms1 & cease to be species4 ,hi!rto naturali/s _h consid]$ k9ds ( animals & plants1 or species z !y are m prop]ly call$1 to h be5 specially creat$ z !y are se5 by u1 & t !y 7 unalt]able & inv>iable4 ,no "o ) any great k ( animals & plants _h speculat$ ab\t ! orig9 ( species1 & ! causes ( ! diff]5ces ( k9ds1 or _h endeav\r$ to place all ! great classes ( ! animal k+dom 9 a s]ies1 ma9ta9+ t !y 7 relat$ by desc5t4 ,"r or wrong 9 8 speculations1 ,lam>ck made an epo* 9 zoology1 by writ+ on ! philosophy ( zoology1 & deal+ ) ! possible causes ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( animals4 ,he consid]$ t dur+ all ! geological ages1 d[n to ! pres5t "t1 animals & plants _h be5 expos$ to great *anges 9 _! ext]nal conditions2 *anges ( climate1 & ( physical geography _h happ5$1 & t :il/ "s species _h become ext9ct _m _h be5 *ang$1 little by little1 into o!rs4 ,lam>ck1 & ,m4 ,ge(frey ,/4 ,hilaire decl>$ x to be _! op9ion t !re _h be5 an un9t]rupt$ succession 9 ! animal k+dom1 effect$ by means ( bir? & (fspr+ f p>5ts1 f ! e>lie/ ages ( ! _w to ! pres5t day1 & t ! anci5t animals1 ^: rema9s h be5 pres]v$ 9 /rata1 h[ev] diff]5t1 may nev]!less h be5 ! ance/ors ( ^? n[ 9 be+4 ,if ! read] w turn to ! %ort notice ( ,ari/oteles1 he w f9d ! ord9>y idea ( :at a species means giv54 ,b ,lam>ck add$ some?+3 8,a species consi/s ( a collection ( individuals resembl+ ea* o!r1 & reproduc+ _! l by g5]ation1 s long z ! surr\nd+ conditions d n alt] to su* an ext5t z to cause _! habits1 *>act]s1 & =ms to v>y40 ,he /at$ :at is only kn[n to ^? naturali/s :o h _h exp]i5ce2 ! m we advance 9 ! k ( ! diff]5t organiz$ bodies :i* cov] ! surface ( ! globe1 ! m our emb>rassm5t increases to det]m9e :at ought to be reg>d$ z a species1 & /ill m h[ to limit & di/+ui% g5]a4 ,9 proportion z our collections are enri*$1 we see almo/ e void fill$ up1 & all our l9es ( sep>ation effac$2 we are r$uc$ to arbitr>y det]m9ations1 & are sometimes fa9 to seize ^u ! slight diff]5ces ( m]e v>ieties 9 ord] to =m *>act]s = :at we *oose to call a species1 & sometimes we are induc$ to pron\nce individuals1 b slightly diff]+1 & :i* o!rs reg>d z true species1 to be v>ieties4 ,! great] ! abundance ( natural objects assembl$ toge!r1 ! m d we discov] pro(s t ev]y?+ passes by inv>iable %ades into some?+ else2 t ev5 ! m rem>kable diff]5ces are evanesc5t1 & t nature has1 = ! mo/ "p1 left u no?+ at our disposal = e/abli%+ di/9ctions save trifl+1 & 9 "s in/ances pu]ile1 peculi>ities4 ,we f9d t _m g5]a among/ animals & plants are ( su* an ext5t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! numb] ( species ref]r$ to !m1 t ! /udy & det]m9ation ( ^! la/ has become almo/ impracticable4 ,f a great numb] ( facts we le>n1 wrote ,lam>ck1 t 9 proportion z ! individuals ( "o ( our kn[n species *ange _! situation1 climate1 & mann] ( liv+1 !y *ange also little by little1 ! consi/5ce & proportions ( _! p>ts1 _! =m1 _! faculties1 & ev5 _! organization1 9 su* a mann] t ev]y?+ 9 !m comes at la/ to p>ticipate 9 ! mutations to :i* !y h be5 expos$4 ,ev5 9 ! same climate1 a great diff]5ce ( situation & exposure causes individuals to v>y2 b if ^! individuals cont9ue to live1 & to be reproduc$ "u ! same diff]5ce ( circum/ances1 di/9ctions are br\ght ab\t 9 !m :i* become 9 "s degree ess5tial to _! exi/5ce2 &1 9 a ^w1 at ! end ( _m successive g5]ations1 ^! individuals :i* orig9ally belong$ to ano!r species are trans=m$ into a new & di/9ct species4 ,all ?is came f ! /udy ( a man :o _h an enorm\s exp]i5ce1 & if he _h n gone on any fur!r x w\ld h be5 bett]4 ,lam>ck's views already /at$ may be accept$ by ev]ybody1 & ! gr& *anges 9 liv+ =ms "u law are d\btless true4 ,b he introduc$ ! notion t 8wants0 ex]cis$ an influ5ce & produc$ new organs1 & wrote ab\t effects ( int]nal s5tim5t1 & ! influ5ce ( subtle fluids4 ,?us he argu$ t ott]s1 beav]s1 wat]f[l1 turtles1 & frogs1 7 n made web-foot$ 9 ord] t !y might swim2 b _! wants hav+ attract$ !m to ! wat] 9 se>* ( prey1 !y /ret*$ out ! toes ( _! feet to /rike ! wat] & move m rapidly along its surface4 ,by ! repeat$ /ret*+ ( _! toes1 ! sk9 t unit$ !m at ! base acquir$ ! habit ( ext5sion1 until1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! broad membranes :i* n[ connect _! extremities 7 =m$4 ,lam>ck taught t ! fir/ animals & plants :i* appe>$ on ! globe 7 ! simple/1 & t ! m complex are ( comp>atively late date4 ,he insi/$ t nature 0 an ord] ( ?+s con/itut$ by ! ,supreme ,be+1 & subject to laws :i* are ! expressions ( ,8 w4 ,!re is no d\bt t ^! views ( ,lam>ck 7 ! result ( _m a pleasant h\r ( ?\ght :5 ?+s 7 d>k en\gh ar\nd him4 ,he 0 always poor1 he m>ri$ f\r times1 _h a l>ge family1 & a v small income4 ,8 g5ius l$ him to inve/igate o!r bran*es ( natural sci5ce = :i* 8 education _h n v well prep>$ him1 & he got into disgrace ) ,napoleon = pay+ att5tion to meteorology4 ,8 patrimony & sav+s 7 lo/ 9 "s wild speculation1 & 8 ?or\gh indep5d5ce ( ?\ght & behavi\r did n make him fri5ds ) ! great & weal?y4 ,8 sight fail$1 & age grew apace1 & he may be said to h simply exi/$ = "s ye>s4 ,/rang]s & sci5tific m5 saw 8 /ate & pov]ty ) surprise & regret2 & _! sympa?y ) ,lam>ck 0 r$\bl$ :5 !y obs]v$ ! =titude ) :i* ! illu/ri\s old man support$ ! vicissitudes ( =tune1 & ! fail+ ( 8 natural p[]s4 ,!y also admir$ ! devotion ) :i* he _h be5 able to inspire ^? ( 8 *ildr5 :o rema9$ "u 8 ro(4 ,8 elde/ daught] consecrat$ h] "t to ! duties ( filial love = _m ye>s1 nev] quitt+ h] fa!r = an in/ant1 l5d+ h]self to e /udy :i* c\ld 9 any way supply ! defect ( 8 vision1 writ+ "u 8 dictation "p ( 8 la/ works1 accompany+ him1 & support+ him :5 he 0 able to take any ex]cise1 & endur+ sacrifices great] ?an c\ld be express$ = 8 sake4 ,:5 ! fa!r c\ld no long] leave 8 *amb]1 ! daught] no long] quitt$ ! h\se4 ,s long 0 %e depriv$ ( fre% air1 t :5 %e aga9 fac$ ! op5 breeze x 0 m ?an %e c\ld be>4 ,if su* conduct z ?is is r>e1 s is ! p[] ( inspir+ su* devot$ affection2 !re=e we add to ! r5[n ( ,lam>ck1 :5 x is told :at 8 *ildr5 endur$ = 8 sake4 ,lam>ck di$ on ! #ah? ,decemb]1 #ahbi1 ag$ eighty-five1 & left two sons & two daught]s beh9d him4 ,full ( ability & p]sev]ance1 he has left su* monum5ts ( indu/ry & solid le>n+ beh9d him1 t 8 fav\rite !ory1 conta9+ inde$ ! g]ms ( tru?1 may be well p>don$4 ,p :o "k no?+ ( 8 good "w1 laugh at 8 memory2 b e true /ud5t ( nature con/antly recognizes 8 obligations to ! f\nd] ( philosophical zoology4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,cuvi]4 ,! union ( zoology & comp>ative anatomy1 & ! exam9ation & /udy ( fossil rema9s4 ,george ,lopold ,*reti5 ,frd]ic ,dagob]t ,cuvi] 0 born at ,montbli>d1 9 ! ,dep>tm5t du ,d\bs1 a t[n :i* 0 subsequ5tly unit$ to ,france1 al?\gh at ! "t ( ,cuvi]'s bir? x belong$ to ! k+dom ( ,wurtemb]g4 ,he 0 born on ,augu/ #bcrd1 #agfi4 ,8 family orig9ally came f a village 9 ! ,jura m\nta9s1 :i* /ill be>s ! "n ( ,cuvi]2 b1 becom+ ! victims ( religi\s p]secution1 !y 7 oblig$ to leave & to g to reside at ,montbli>d at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,cuvi]'s gr&fa!r _h two sons1 "o celebrat$ = 8 le>n+1 & ! o!r belong+ to a ,swiss regim5t 9 ! ,fr5* s]vice4 ,! soldi]1 aft] =ty ye>s' s]vice1 retir$ on a small p5sion to ,montbli>d1 :]e he 0 appo9t$ comm&ant ( ! artill]y ( ! t[n4 ,he 0 made ,*evali] de l',ordre ,m]ite ,militaire1 :i*1 among ,prote/ants1 0 equal to ! ,ca?olic ord] ( ! ,croix de ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! old soldi] m>ri$1 late 9 life1 a "y & highly accompli%$ lady1 by :om he _h ?ree sons4 ,! elde/ di$ a %ort "t be=e ! bir? ( ! second1 :o is ! subject ( ?is biography1 & :o 0 extremely delicate4 ,! "m1 sad at ! dea? ( h] fir/born1 took ! curi\s fancy ( call+ h] little weak second *ild by ! "n ( ,george1 :i* 0 t ( h] fir/born also4 ,cuvi] 0 n baptiz$ ) t "n1 al?\gh he ev] us$ x 9 def]5ce to 8 "m2 b 9 aft] ye>s1 :5 legal difficulties pres5t$ !mselves1 he took ! necess>y measures to h a "r to use ! "n4 ,feeble 9 con/itution1 ! *ild requir$ all ! att5tion ( 8 "m1 & he nev] =got h] lov+ c>e4 ,%e taught him c>efully & well dur+ 8 e>ly ye>s1 & ! *ild grew /rong & able4 ,he c\ld read flu5tly at ! age ( f\r ye>s1 & :5 ! "t came = him to be plac$ at s*ool1 ! "m w5t ov] 8 ex]cises at night1 & by h] good k ( ,lat9 enabl$ him to be bett] prep>$ ?an any o!r boy 9 ! s*ool1 = 8 daily tasks4 ,%e taught him draw+1 & ?is necess>y art 0 subsequ5tly taught ,cuvi] by an ar*itect 9 ! t[n4 ,at ! age ( t5 ye>s he 0 plac$ at a s*ool ( a high] description ( tea*+1 call$ ! ,gymnase1 :]e he rema9$ until he 0 f\rte54 ,cuvi] made rapid progress at ?is s*ool1 & he 0 con/antly at ! head ( 8 classes1 & he became a fair classic4 ,x 0 at t "t t ! future great zoologi/ began to l natural hi/ory1 & he began by /udy+ animals4 ,"o ( 8 relations _h a complete copy ( ,buffon's works1 & ! boy's /udy ( x 0 con/ant4 ,he copi$ ! plates ( animals & birds1 & col\r$ !m accord+ to ! pr9t$ descriptions1 & :5 he c\ld n use wat]-col\rs1 employ$ pieces ( col\r$ silk to d5ote ! t9ts ( ! w+s4 ,:5 he 0 able to borr[ ! book1 a volume 0 8 con/ant att5dant1 & he read ! "w ov] & ov] aga94 ,ab\t ?is "t1 ,cuvi]1 be+ ! lead+ _s 9 ! s*ool1 began to collect 8 s*oolfell[s & to get !m to discuss ! m]its ( books on natural hi/ory1 philosophy1 & travels1 etc41 tak+ ! *air z presid5t4 ,! assembly mu/ h be5 amus+ 9 ! extreme1 & ^! little 8prigs0 d\btless express$ _! op9ions v decid$ly4 ,cuvi] manag$ to tea* himself to speak 9 public1 h[ev]1 & 0 n a bad h& at declamation4 ,s1 on ! anniv]s>y fte ( ! ,duke ( ,wurtemb]g1 he compos$ an oration 9 v]se on ! prosp]\s /ate ( ! pr9cipality1 & deliv]$ x1 fre% f 8 p51 9 a manly tone :i* a/oni%$ ! audi5ce4 ,nev]!less1 ,cuvi] 0 snubb$ by 8 ma/]1 :o put him d[n to ! ?ird place1 giv+ ! palm to two o!r boys4 ,x is said t !re 0 "s fav\ritism 9 ?is affair2 b x 0 a bl[ to ! boy1 ^: future c>e] dep5d$ on ! place he might take at ! s*ool on ! occasion4 ,nev]!less1 z ?+s turn$ out1 ,cuvi] _h e reason to be v ?ankful4 ,! fame ( ! "y /ud5t1 & 8 disappo9tm5t1 rea*$ ! e>s ( ,duke ,*>les by means ( ! pr9cess1 8 si/]-9-law1 & :5 he visit$ ,montbli>d he saw ,cuvi]1 & ask$ him que/ions & look$ at 8 draw+s4 ,! duke1 satisfi$ t he _h a good subject be=e him1 agre$ to s5d him to ,/uttg>t to ! univ]sity1 :]e ! y\? w\ld be well educat$1 free ( exp5se1 9 ! duke's own academy4 ,at ?is academy ! pupils 7 in/ruct$ 9 e bran* ( k t 0 actually useful to m5 de/9$ to gov]n & direct ! affairs ( communities1 & _m :o 7 educat$ !re1 became memb]s ( ! v>i\s c\rts ( ,g]many & ,russia4 ,! s*ool _h a milit>y "*1 ! s*ol>s we>+ uni=ms & be+ "u ! ord]s ( a colonel & major2 b ! education 0 n milit>y1 & su* m5 z ,s*ill] 7 taught !re4 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 ,cuvi] quitt$ 8 home to g to ?is s*ool1 & "u circum/ances en\gh to fright5 any s*oolboy4 ,he travell$ ) ! *amb]la9 & secret>y ( ! duke1 sitt+ betwe5 !m )\t und]/&+ a ^w !y said1 z !y spoke ,g]man ! :ole "t4 ,he always rememb]$ ?is j\rney & its mis]ies4 ,! y\? quickly made himself com=table at ! academy1 & 8 really good tra9+ soon plac$ him high among/ 8 fell[s4 ,= f\r ye>s he /udi$ all t 0 taught 9 ! high] classes1 ma!matics1 law1 adm9i/ration1 tactics1 & comm]ce1 & obta9+ v>i\s prizes1 0 made1 ) five or six o!rs out ( ! f\r hundr$1 to belong to a class be>+ ! ord] ( 8,*eval]ie40 ,^! y\?s 7 "u ! imm$iate patronage ( ! duke1 & _h privileges besides t ( d9+ at a sep>ate table4 ,n9e mon?s aft] 8 arrival at ,/uttg>t1 ,cuvi] ga9$ ! prize 9 ,g]man4 ,b all ?is "t ,cuvi] l$ a second life4 ,out 9 ! fields & 9 ! museum he 0 supremely happy4 ,collect+1 obs]v+1 draw+1 & describ+ 7 8 occupations 9 8 leisure h\rs1 & 8 draw+s ( birds1 insects1 & plants 7 v excell5t & correct4 ,all ! books he c\ld get on natural hi/ory he read1 & ! works ( ,l9nu 7 especially le>n$ ) zeal4 ,at ! end ( 8 academical c>e] ,cuvi] 0 promis$ a place 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry1 & if he _h got x probably he w\ld h become a k9d ( civil s]vice cl]k1 & h nev] be5 he>d (4 ,b tr\ble came1 & t ( ! bitt]e/ k9d = a ris+ "y man4 ,circum/ances aga9/ :i* he c\ld n be> up necessitat$ 8 seek+ a totally diff]5t k9d ( employm5t4 ,! unsettl$ /ate ( money & f9ance 9 ,france caus$ ,cuvi]'s fa!r's p5sion to be )held1 & ! "y man1 v prop]ly desir+ to be no bur!n to 8 p>5ts1 gave up all hopes ( political di/9ction1 & accept$ ! mode/ position ( tutor to a ,fr5* family1 t ( ,m4 d',h]icy1 at ,ca51 9 ,norm&y4 ,he 0 to educate ! only son2 & s1 )\t bewail+ 8 lot1 :i* 0 ?\ght a v sad "o by 8 companions & admir]s1 ,cuvi] settl$ d[n to "w & f\nd t he 0 9 ! v position = us+ ^? rem>kable p[]s z a naturali/1 :i* det]m9$ 8 future c>e]4 ,! sea 0 close by1 & ,cuvi] began to /udy ! m>9e animals4 ,aft] "s "t "s fossils 7 discov]$ at ,fcamp1 & ,cuvi] began to comp>e !m ) ! liv+ ?+s :i* mo/ resembl$ !m4 ,!n ! accid5tal discov]y ( a calam>y l$ him to /udy ! high] mollusca1 or %ell-fi%4 ,cuvi] also began to /udy ! huge class ( v]mes1 or worms1 9 :i* ,l9nu _h includ$ a va/ numb] ( l[] animals1 & :i* ,lam>ck subsequ5tly inve/igat$4 ,cuvi] exam9$ ! anatomy ( ! gr\ps1 & arrang$ !m accord+ to _! resemblances 9 /ructure4 ,?is 0 an excell5t piece ( "w1 & x 0 done = ! purposes ( self-in/ruction1 & n = fame4 ,nev]!less1 ! manuscript 0 full ( good obs]vations & ( new tru?s4 ,:il/ ,cuvi] 0 ?us employ$1 & ! "t 0 t ( ! reign ( t]ror1 a society 0 =m$ at ,valmont1 9 8 neighb\rhood1 = ! enc\ragem5t ( agriculture4 ,l',abb ,teissi] _h s\ght at ! place a refuge f ! p]secutions ( ! revolutioni/s ( ,p>is1 & "u ! disguise ( a surgeon att5d$ ! meet+s4 ,on "o occasion ,cuvi] 0 /ruck ) ! mann] ( speak+ ( ! wor?y old man1 & ?\ght t x resembl$ ! writ+s ( ! well-kn[n ,abb4 ,inadv]t5tly ,cuvi] address$ him z ,l',abb1 & ?is gave at fir/ great al>m4 ,he f\nd 9 ,cuvi]1 h[ev]1 a great admir] & a g5]\s fri5d1 & 0 s pleas$ ) 8 tal5ts & indu/ry1 t he aft]w>ds wrote to ! celebrat$ botani/1 ,jussieu1 z foll[s3 8,at ! sight ( ?is "y man1 ,i exp]i5c$ ! delight ( ! philosoph] :o 0 ?r[n on an unkn[n %ore1 & saw trac$ !re ! figures ( geometry4 ,m4 ,cuvi] is a violet :i* 0 conceal$ among common h]bs4 ,he kn[s mu*1 & draws figures = y\r "w4 ,i d\bt y\r f9d+ a m able p]son = comp>ative anatomy1 = he demon/rates ) mu* me?od & cle>ness4 ,x is a pe>l wor?y ( be+ ga!r$ by y4 ,i contribut$ to draw ,m4 ,del>bre f 8 retreat1 help me to draw ,m4 ,cuvi] f 82 he is made = sci5ce & ! _w40 ,cuvi] 01 9 consequ5ce1 ask$ to read "s ( 8 essays to ! ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory at ,p>is1 & ^! gave su* satisfaction t he 0 invit$ to take a position at ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes4 ,?is occurr$ 9 #agie1 & ,cuvi] 0 !n tw5ty-six ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 ?us settl$ = life 9 ! v position he desir$1 = al?\gh call$ ! g>d5 ( plants1 a gr& museum ( ! comp>ative anatomy ( animals 0 to rise !re "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! "y man4 ,he 0 soon made pr(essor at ! c5tral s*ool ( ! ,pan!on1 & began to write capital manuals ( 8 subject = ! /ud5ts4 ,! next ye> ! ,national ,in/itute 0 =m$1 & ,cuvi] 0 "o ( its fir/ memb]s4 ,at ?is "t 8 k ( zoology 0 v great1 & he _h m ?an ! usual am\nt ( in=mation ab\t ! int]nal anatomy ( ! diff]5t great gr\ps ( animals4 ,he publi%$ an elem5t>y title or s*eme ( ! natural hi/ory ( animals1 & gradually ! collection ( skeletons began to be great 9 8 e/abli%m5t4 ,cuvi] paid great att5tion to ! relative %apes1 & diff]5t developm5ts ( ! same k9d ( bones 9 v>i\s animals1 & especially to ! nature ( _! tee?4 ,s great did 8 exp]i5ce & correct k become1 t he r>ely fail$ 9 nam+ an animal f "p ( its skeleton4 ,?is p[] impress$ ,cuvi] ) ! idea ( a philosophy 9 nature1 & ) ! evid5ce ( creative design & purpose1 ( means = ends4 ,b ?is k9d ( /udy l$ to "s v rem>kable results4 ,_h x influ5c$ ,cuvi] z x previ\sly _h zoologi/s1 he w\ld h /ill become ! mo/ accompli%$ & important naturali/ ( ?is c5tury4 ,x w\ld h be5 said1 z x may well be1 t he e/abli%$ ! /udy ( animals on a firm basis1 & t 8 natural classification has la/$1 because he consid]$ n only ! outsides ( animals1 b also ! importance ( _! mo/ peculi> organs1 9 arrang+ !m into gr\ps1 or sep>at+ !m f o!rs4 ,b ,cuvi] _h se5 & /udi$ ! bones & skulls ( animals :i* _h be5 dug out ( ! e>? 9 a m9]aliz$ condition4 ,! /rata at ,montm>tre1 ne> ,p>is1 _h yield$ a great numb] ( bones1 :i* pres5t$ "s resemblances to ^? ( animals /ill liv+ b :i* 7 cle>ly n ! bones ( any exi/+ g5]a or species4 ,comp>ative anatomy 0 made to connect ! pa/ & pres5t animals1 & to indicate ! possibility ( all ! pa/ & pres5t creation be+ plac$ 9 "o great classification4 ,z ,cuvi] progress$ 9 ?is /udy1 he endeav\r$ to re/ore1 & ) consid]able success1 ! ext9ct animal's %ape1 to discov] its habits & me?od ( life1 & to f9d out its ne>e/ mod]n ally4 ,palontology1 or ! /udy ( ext9ct animals1 is "u ! greate/ obligations to ?is great ,fr5*man1 & x may be call$ ! zoology ( ! pa/ ages ( ! e>?4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 =get 8 "o great desire1 :i* 0 to =m a p]fect book on comp>ative anatomy1 & "o 9 :i* all animals w\ld f9d a place1 call$ 8,la ,rgne ,animal40 7,! animal k+dom47 ,z soon z ,cuvi] f\nd himself well e/abli%$ z assi/ant to ,m4 ,m]trud1 ! pr(essor ( comp>ative anatomy to ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 he s5t = 8 old fa!r1 !n eighty ye>s ( age1 & = 8 bro!r1 ,m4 ,f4 ,cuvi]1 to live ) him4 ,! fir/ ?+ he did 0 to collect all ! available specim5s ( bones & prep>ations ( animals1 & he f\nd _m hidd5 away 9 vaults & :i* _h be5 collect$ by ,daub5ton & ,buffon4 ,o!r specim5s 7 obta9$1 & ?us ! great collection 0 comm5c$4 ,9 #agif1 ,cuvi] discov]$ ! curi\s fact t !re is naturally r$ blood 9 lee*es1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> he read a fam\s pap] on ! nutrition ( insects4 ,refus+ to g to ,egypt1 z he _h 8 prop] "w to d at home1 = 8 pupils ,dum]il & ,duv]noy 7 work+ h>d = & ) him1 dissect+ & describ+1 ! result 0 ! publication ( ! fir/ volume ( ! lessons on comp>ative anatomy already allud$ to4 ,?is l$ to ,cuvi] be+ made pr(essor ( natural hi/ory to ! ,college ( ,france4 ,( ! "y pr(essor's ability !re c\ld be no d\bt1 & ev]ybody 0 /ruck ) ! excell5t me?od ( 8 lectures & books4 ,8 m9d 0 ess5tially an ord]ly & v contemplative & reason+ "o1 & 8 fame soon rea*$ ! e>s ( ,napoleon1 !n fir/ consul4 ,he made ,cuvi] "o ( ! six inspectors g5]al ( education :o 7 to f\nd public s*ools 9 "s ?irty t[ns 9 ,france & :at are n[ call$ ,royal ,colleges4 ,cuvi] f\nd$ ^? ( ,bordeaux1 ,nice1 & ,m>seilles4 ,9 ?is la/-m5tion$ place he cont9u$ 8 "w on m>9e animals4 ,:il/ ,cuvi] 0 p]=m+ ^! v important duties = ! /ate1 ) great b5efit to ! t[ns & cr$it to himself1 he 0 *os5 to be "o ( ! p]petual secret>ies to ! ,national ,in/itute1 & _h a sal>y giv5 to him = x ( two hundr$ gu9eas a ye>4 ,al?\gh ?is sum 0 to be well e>n$1 & ! secret>y _h to receive di/+ui%$ =eign]s at table1 a fuss 0 made ab\t x4 ,cuvi]1 h[ev]1 knew 8 own value1 & insi/$ on reta9+ x4 ,! lab\r] is wor?y ( 8 hire1 & ! sum 0 less ?an ! sal>y ( a fir/-class cl]k4 ,a great ,italian politician once said keep ! pr(essors poor4 ,:y8 ,because he knew t ! diffusion ( lib]al k w\ld be fatal to civil & milit>y tyranny4 ,h[ev]1 ,cuvi] gave up 8 s*ool inspector%ip & lab\r$ on at 8 fav\rite /udies4 ,he lo/ 8 fa!r & 8 bro!r's wife di$ leav+ a *ild1 s t ,cuvi] & 8 bro!r 7 alone4 ,m>riage became a necessity = ! ris+ man1 & he 0 attract$ by a lady ( great m]it1 :o _h suff]$ bo? pov]ty & mis=tune4 ,madame ,duvancel 0 ! wid[ ( an (ficial :o p]i%$ on ! scaffold 9 #agid1 & %e _h "s *ildr5 ( h] own4 ,cuvi] _h a great affection = h] & %e made him happy1 0 a great companion1 & :5 he rose to 8 greatness1 %e 0 an admirable helpmate4 ,9 #ahjh1 z secret>y to ! ,national ,in/itute1 ,cuvi] _h to write a report on ! progress ( ! natural sci5ces f ! ye> #aghi4 ,a m]e report 0 requir$1 b ,cuvi] 0 too ?or\gh1 & 8 essay 0 an admirable & mo/ lucid treatise4 ,napoleon1 !n emp]or1 0 greatly /ruck ) x1 & pres5t$ ! pap] to ! c\ncil ( /ate4 ,"s ( ! s5t5ces %\ld be writt5 9 lett]s ( gold 9 e s5ate & le>n$ by he>t by all politicians4 8,! true object ( sci5ce is to lead ! m9d ( man t[>ds its noble de/9ation--a k ( tru?--to spread s\nd & useful ideas among ! l[e/ classes ( ! p1 to draw human be+s f ! effects ( prejudices & passions1 to make reason ! arbitrator & supreme guide ( public op9ion40 ,napoleon1 :o ne>ly always *ose ! be/ m5 = a place1 made ,cuvi] a c\nsellor ( ! new ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 & ! two m5 ?us came frequ5tly 9 contact4 ,repeat$ p]sonal int]views prec$$ ,cuvi]'s appo9tm5t to organize new univ]sities 9 ! =eign /ates m or less "u ! sway ( ,france4 ,he und]took ! reorganization ( ! old ,italian univ]sities ( ,pi$mont1 ,g5oa1 & ,tuscany4 ,8 reports ( ^! missions speak ( ! enlight5m5t ( 8 m9d & 8 truly reasonable & v lib]al _s4 ,speak+ ( ! univ]sities ( ,tuscany1 he deprecates a too ha/y & ra% int]f]5ce ) in/itutions :i* _h be5 f\nd$ & ma9ta9$ by s _m di/+ui%$ m5 ( old & 9 :i* he f\nd s mu* to praise & to reta94 ,he made good use ( 8 "t 9 ,tuscany by tak+ draw+s ( & collect+ fossil bones1 & 9 #ahaa 8 great "w on ! fossil rema9s ( animals appe>$4 ,he exam9$ into ! condition ( ! univ]sities ( ,holl&1 & f9ally ^? ( l[] ,g]many4 ,^! j\rneys 7 d\bly useful1 = !y e/abli%$ 8 heal? & gave him pl5ty ( opportunity ( visit+ museums4 ,:ile at ,hamburg1 ,napoleon gave him ! title ( *evali]1 :i* 0 confirm$ to him & 8 heirs4 ,b su* hon\rs 7 n de/9$ to desc5d1 = ,cuvi] lo/ 8 son 9 8 sev5? ye>4 ,x 0 a great grief1 & x sadd5$ & subdu$ ! man4 ,?is trial happ5$ :5 ,cuvi] 0 at ,rome1 try+ to arrange ! univ]sities !re4 ,be+ a ,prote/ant1 ! mission 0 "o requir+ peculi> =be>ance & firmness4 ,yet ! enlight5$ tol]ance ( ,cuvi]1 & 8 mild & b5ignant mann]s1 ga9$ = him ! e/eem & respect ( all p>ties4 ,ris5 f ! ranks1 hav+ be5 poor & (t5 anxi\s to "k h[ to le>n1 ,cuvi] 0 a capital man = 8 position4 ,he paid p>ticul> att5tion n only to ! high] bran*es ( education1 b also to popul> or elem5t>y education4 ,8 pr9ciple 0 t in/ruction w\ld lead to civilization1 & civilization to morality1 & !re=e t prim>y or elem5t>y in/ruction %\ld give to ! p e means ( fully ex]cis+ _! indu/ry1 )\t disgu/+ !m ) _! condition4 ,t second>y in/ruction %\ld exp& ! m9d1 )\t r5d]+ x false or presumptu\s2 & t special or sci5tific in/ruction %\ld give to ,france magi/rates1 advocates1 g5]als1 cl]gy1 pr(essors & o!r m5 ( le>n+4 ,he taught--8give s*ools be=e political rights2 make citiz5s compreh5d ! duties t ! /ate ( society imposes on !m2 tea* !m :at are political rights be=e y (f] !m = _! enjoym5t1 & !n all amelioration w be made )\t caus+ a %ock4 ,imitate nature1 :i* 9 ! developm5t ( be+s acts by gradation1 & gives "t to e memb] to arrive at p]fection40 ,napoleon _h great confid5ce 9 ,cuvi]1 & wi%$ to make him tutor to 8 son1 & ord]$ him to draw up a li/ ( books z a prelim9>y /ep4 ,9 #ahad he made him a c\ncillor ( /ate1 & ,l\is ,,xviii4 confirm$ him 9 ! appo9tm5t subsequ5tly4 ,cuvi] wrote 9 e>ly life1 on liv+ & fossil elephants1 ! diff]5t species ( rh9oc]os1 ! /ructure ( ascidians1 & ! anatomy ( bivalve molluscs4 ,lat] on he describ$ ! crocodilians ( ! old & new _w & ! fossil tapirs ( ,france4 ,subsequ5tly to #ahja he read memoirs on ! tee? ( fi%1 on ! worms1 ! anatomy ( ! mollusca1 ! comp>ative anatomy & classification ( fi%es1 ! fossil mammals & reptiles1 & ! bony /ructures ( ^! la/ two gr\ps4 ,mo/ ( ^! works 7 ! jo9t productions ( o!r v di/+ui%$ m5 & himself4 ,?us ! "w on fi%es1 :i* conta9$ descriptions ( no less ?an five ?\s& k9ds1 0 by ,cuvi] & ,val5ci5nes4 ,ye> aft] ye> ,cuvi] add$ to ! /ore ( k he 0 s anxi\s to give to ! hi/ory ( ! e>?1 & 8 descriptions1 monum5ts ( exactitude1 ( ! fossil k9ds ( rh9oc]os1 hyn1 & ( "s ( ! great slo?s1 7 ! result ( 8 c>eful exam9ation ( ! liv+ species ( ! g5]a or families :i* 7 f\nd fossil4 ,we owe to ,cuvi] ! tru? t anci5t =ms ( life1 ! bones & tee? ( :i* alone rema91 & :i* 7 buri$ by nature =m]ly1 c be 8re/or$40 ,t is to say1 by tak+ ! exi/+ or mod]n example1 & by reason+ ^u ! nature ( ! tee?1 claws1 ho(s1 & horns pres5t or abs5t1 ! nature1 %ape & de/9y ( ! anci5t animal c be giv5 to ! _w at ! pres5t "t4 ,aft] ! abdication ( ,napoleon & ! defeat at ,wat]loo1 x became necess>y1 9 ! ideas ( ,l\is ,,xviii41 t ! univ]sities %\ld be remodell$1 & a committee ( public in/ruction 0 creat$ to ex]cise ! p[]s =m]ly belong+ to ! gr& ma/]1 ! c\ncil1 & ! treasur] ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,cuvi] 0 "o ( ! committee1 & 0 made *ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity1 a position :i* he reta9$ until 8 dea? "u mo/ try+ circum/ances4 ,no man did great] or bett] & m la/+ "w = /ate education ?an ,cuvi]4 ,8 he>t 0 9 ! "w ( education2 he _h no?+ b m5tal progress to desire2 & x 0 a mu* m satisfactory ?+ = ,france to h a r5[n$1 sci5tific man at ! head ( a great univ]sity1 :o1 moreov]1 really controll$ ! education ( ! c\ntry1 ?an to h _h su* important (fices held by m]e politicians & soldi]s4 ,9 #ahag ,cuvi] publi%$ a second edition ( 8 8,fossil ,bones10 & ! great book1 ! 8,rgne ,animal0 7! 8,animal ,k+dom071 0 re-issu$4 ,9 ?is la/ "w ,cuvi] immortaliz$ himself2 & 8 classification has be5 ( ! greate/ possible value to 8 successors4 ,he r$uc$ ! six classes ( animals :i* _h be5 sugge/$ by ! anci5ts & ,l9nu1 namely1 quadrup$s1 birds1 reptiles1 fi%es1 insects1 & worms1 to f\r1 or v]tebrat$ animals 7animals ) backbones71 mollusc\s animals 7su* z snails & oy/]s71 articulat$ animals 7insects & crabs71 & radiat$ animals 7su* z corals & sea anemones74 ,al?\gh ?is classification has become modifi$1 /ill ,cuvi] gave ! me?od ( true classification 9 animals4 ,"o or two po9ts or peculi>ities 7 n to be consid]$ at ! exp5se ( o!rs :i* belong$ to organs ( great importance to ! animal4 ,he ass]t$ t all ! /ructures ( ! animal mu/ be /udi$1 & physiology z well z anatomy mu/ be consid]$4 ,! mo/ important /ructures mu/ be consid]$ fir/ ( all1 & ! gr& divisions ( classification mu/ re/ ^u !m4 ,9 ! 8,rgne ,animal0 ,cuvi] comm5ces ) man1 :om he places 9 a g5us by himself1 & recognizes only "o species div]sifi$ by v>ieties or races4 ,9 #ahah ,cuvi] visit$ ,london1 & rema9$ !re = ab\t six weeks1 receiv+ e sci5tific & social hon\r4 ,he mix$ freely 9 sci5tific society1 & 0 receiv$ by ,george ,,iv4 ,on be+ consult$ by 8 ,maje/y ab\t our national collections1 he said t if all ! ,briti% private collections c\ld be collect$ into "o1 !y w\ld =m a great national museum :i* w\ld surpass e o!r4 ,cuvi] 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! fre$om ( ,engli% politics2 & on ! election = ,we/m9/] tak+ place he w5t on to ! hu/+s4 ,he 0 int5sely amus$ at ! spee*es & ! viol5ce ( ! mob1 :o pelt$ _! political oppon5ts aft] ! fa%ion ( ! day ) bad eggs1 dead cats1 cabbages1 & mud4 ,he w5t to ,ox=d1 & !n all ! p>ty 7 invit$ to ,w9dsor4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks ask$ ev]ybody 9 ! sci5tific _w to meet ,cuvi]1 & ,sir ,ev]>d ,home also4 ,! great naturali/1 once a half-/>v$ /ud5t & a tutor1 became ! gue/ ( ! mo/ hon\r$ among/ m51 & 0 v s5sible ( ! k9dness %[n him4 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 reconcile himself to ! long d9n]s & long sitt+s at table1 :i* 7 !n1 z n[1 fa%ionable 9 ,engl&4 ,n only did ,cuvi] /udy ! national & private natural hi/ory collections 9 ?is c\ntry1 b he also paid mu* att5tion to ! sy/em ( education & to ! nature ( our political con/itution4 ,return+ to ,p>is1 ,cuvi] 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,acadmie ,franaise1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> 0 made presid5t ( ! ,comit de l',int]ieur1 & creat$ a b>on4 ,he resign$ 8 tempor>y gr& ma/]%ip ( ! ,univ]sity1 s z to accept )\t sal>y ! gr& ma/]%ip ( ! ,faculties ( ,prote/ant ,!ology1 & vice-presid5t ( ! ,bible ,society4 ,9 #ahbd1 z presid5t ( ! ,comit1 or "o ( ! c\ncils ( /ate1 ,cuvi] took "p 9 ! coronation ( ,*>les ,x41 on :i* occasion he 0 made gr& ma/] ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r4 ,9 #ahbg he 0 appo9t$ c5sor ( ! press1 an (fice :i* 8 love ( lib]ty ( ?\ght soon made him resign4 ,sacrific+ all 8 leisure to ! great] educational matt]s1 & ev] lab\r+ at sci5ce1 ,cuvi] also =m$ a great libr>y1 :i* 0 always op5 to naturali/s :o desir$ to visit & use x4 ,cuvi]'s ord]ly & critical m9d enabl$ him to fulfil ! (fice ( secret>y to ! in/itute ) great success2 & he especially %one 9 writ+ ! int]e/+ lives ( ! di/+ui%$ m5 :o di$ dur+ ea* ye>4 ,moreov]1 he report$ on ea* memoir :i* 0 submitt$ to ! in/itute = read+ & publication4 ,cuvi] 0 great z a public lectur]1 & _h a flexible & sonor\s voice1 :i* res\nd$ f> & wide 9 ! room4 ,8 audi5ces 7 always en?usia/ic2 & _m a /ud5t wait$ long to get a good seat be=e ! pr(essor began4 ,he taught1 *alk 9 h&1 & drew well on ! black bo>d1 8 arti/ic p[] rema9+ to ! la/4 ,cuvi] came to ,engl& a second "t1 & x is tol]ably cle> t x 0 to escape ! inevitable revolution :i* 0 caus$ by ! tyranny ( ,*>les ,x4 & 8 advis]s4 ,8 c>riage pass$ out ( ,p>is1 & five h\rs aft]w>ds fir+ began1 :i* l$ to ! de?ronem5t ( ! k+ & ! re/oration ( lib]ty4 ,9 ,london ,cuvi] us$ to enjoy ! political & o!r c>icatures 9 ! %ops1 & lov$ to g d[n to su* places z ,ri*mond to see ! sc5]y4 ,aft] a six weeks' visit1 ,cuvi] return$ to ,p>is1 & occupi$ 8 =m] positions & dignities4 ,cuvi] 0 slightly built 9 8 "y days1 & mod]ately tall2 b ! s$5t>y nature ( 8 "w & 8 c>elessness ab\t tak+ prop] ex]cise1 produc$ corpul5ce 9 8 lat] ye>s1 & 8 extreme ne>-sight$ness br\ght on a slight /oop 9 8 %\ld]s4 ,8 hair _h be5 light 9 col\r1 & to ! la/ x fl[$ 9 f9e curls ov] "o ( ! noble/ heads ev] se54 ,he 0 h&some & _h regul> features1 ) an aquil9e nose1 a broad =ehead1 & ke5 eyes4 ,! love ( ord]1 :i* 0 8 v peculi>ity 9 8 "w1 0 se5 9 little ?+s1 = ,cuvi] 0 almo/ fem99e 9 8 att5tion to dress4 ,he ev5 took 9 h& ! co/ume ( ! ,univ]sity1 & design$ ! embroid]y ( 8 c\rt suits4 ,cuvi]'s mann]s 7 dignifi$ & yet n c]emoni\s2 = accu/om$ to m+le ) ! highe/ ( all classes & c\ntries1 & naturally desir\s ( pay+ a j tribute ( respect & good w to ev]ybody1 he 0 likely to be g5]ally poli%$ & c\rte\s4 ,he 0 /ately en\gh sometimes1 & 8 res]ve ) /rang]s :o 7 n op5 ) him 0 ma9ly--z is usually ! case ) o!rs--f m]e %yness & timidity4 ,to ! "y he 0 always k9d & sympa?iz+4 ,:5 at ! ,in/itute ,cuvi]'s mann] 0 always /ately1 = he 0 ) 8 pe]s !re1 & p]haps he might h occasionally felt x necess>y to reta9 an appe>ance ( res]ve dur+ ! sometimes n v sci5tific discussions ( t mix$ assemblage4 ,cuvi]1 not)/&+ 8 great pati5ce :5 he 0 at "w1 & 8 s+ul> placidity :5 on ! face ( a difficult po9t 9 natural hi/ory or anatomy1 0 :at is call$ a 8,turk0 at home1 & ) o!rs4 ,accu/om$ to mo/ m9ute exactitude1 & to regulate 8 h&s by 8 rapidly work+ bra91 he 0 s+ul>ly impati5t ) o!r p :o _h to s]ve "u him4 ,he us$ to ha/5 8 workm51 s t 8 ord]s 7 (t5 p]=m$ ) difficulty4 ,he 0 h>d to be> )1 & any wa/e ( "t ! result ( c>elessness1 put him 9 a rage4 ,any?+ wrong at table 9 8 h\se1 to be kept wait+1 or "s trifl+ disob$i5ce1 w\ld r\se an absurd am\nt ( ang]4 ,8 irritability 0 excessive1 & he frequ5tly =got himself 9 8 scold+s1 & _h to make rep>ation aft]w>ds4 ,b he 0 always ready to te/ify t he _h be5 wrong1 & to d 8 be/ to make am5ds2 nev]!less1 he did n improve 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & he nev] _h great control ov] 8 feel+s4 ,no lab\r1 h[ev] m9ute & prolong$1 irritat$ him :5 he believ$ t x 0 requisite = ! atta9m5t ( an object2 /ill he c\ld n li/5 to a few pages ( a book :i* taught no?+1 )\t express+ himself v decid$ly4 ,f :at has be5 writt5 ( ,cuvi]'s dome/ic life1 x c\ld n h be5 v enjoyable by ^? ar\nd him1 & yet x 0 ! k9d ( life :i* has to be l$ by mo/ prom95t m5 9 sci5ce1 art1 & lit]ature4 ,"w1 ev]la/+ "w1 ) b little relaxation4 ,he c]ta9ly wa/$ no "t4 ,be=e & aft] breakfa/ he saw anybody :o wi%$ to h an audi5ce ( him4 ,by sev5 9 ! morn+ he 0 dress$1 & began prep>+ 8 day's "w & t ( 8 assi/ants1 s t by t5 o'clock1 :5 he breakfa/$1 he _h "t to look at ! newspap]s1 to read correspond5ce1 & look ov] any p>ticul> works4 ,aft] breakfa/ he dress$ = ! day & began "w4 ,8 c>riage 0 punctual to a mom5t1 & no "o 0 all[$ to keep him wait+4 ,:5 ! ladies 7 to accompany him1 !y made a po9t ( be+ z exact to "t z 0 possible2 & he seems to h enjoy$ ! sight ( 8 womank9d ru%+ d[n/airs ) _! %awls /ream+ aft] !m & _! gloves half on _! h&s4 ,! in/ant he _h giv5 8 ord]s he w\ld ?ru/ himself into a corn] ( ! c>riage & set to "w read+1 b suff]$ ! ladies to talk z mu* z !y pleas$4 ,! family d9n] h\r 0 half-pa/ six2 & if ,cuvi] _h a few mom5ts to sp>e be=e t "t1 he w\ld occasionally jo9 8 fri5ds 9 ,madame ,cuvi]'s room1 b m frequ5tly he seems to h giv5 ev5 ?is %ort "t to /udy4 ,"o or two intimate fri5ds jo9$ ! circle at d9n]1 & !n ,cuvi]'s conv]sation 0 delightful4 ,on proce$+ to ! draw+-room ,cuvi] sometimes gratifi$ 8 fri5ds by an h\r's /ay among/ !m be=e he retir$ to 8 occupation or 8 visits1 b s untir+ 0 8 indu/ry1 t he (t5 set ! :ole p>ty to "w aid+ him 9 8 rese>*es4 ,if he _h any =eign works he w\ld (t5 amuse 8 fri5ds by v]ify+ ! figures 9 !m1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,x mu/ be said t ?is ev]la/+ "w 0 try+ to p :o 7 ) ,cuvi]1 = no soon] did fri5ds come to /ay ) him ?an he began to use !m 9 trac+ draw+s on pap]4 ,he kept !m at "w1 = :5 he return$ f 8 lab\rs he g5]ally ask$ = ! tasks he _h ?us set4 ,nev]!less1 _m f\nd x a real pleasure to "w = him1 = he 0 v grateful = su* assi/ance4 ,cuvi]'s h\rs ( relaxation 7 few4 ,*ange ( employm5t af=d$ him relief1 & conv]sation /ill great]4 ,at ! close ( ! day's lab\r1 :5 he f\nd x impossible to "w any long]1 he 0 accu/om$ to ?r[ himself on a s(a1 hide 8 eyes f ! light1 & li/5 to ! read+ ( 8 wife or daught]1 & sometimes ( 8 secret>y1 ,m4 ,laurill>d4 ,^! nightly read+s la/$ two h\rs1 & ?us ,cuvi] became m or less acqua9t$ ) ! curr5t lit]ature & good works ( ! day4 ,v likely he did n li/51 & w5t to sleep1 b t is n /at$ ( him by ^? :o wrote 8 dome/ic habits4 ,cuvi] 0 s d[nright t he did n l any "o :o indulg$ 9 satire1 or :o ridicul$ ! conduct ( o!rs4 ,he nev] did ?is sort ( ?+1 & he c>efully disc\rag$ x 9 ^? ab\t him1 ev5 :5 embelli%$ ) sallies ( wit & droll]y1 & 8 rebukes to ^? :o indulg$ 9 s>casm 7 accompani$ by a %>pness ( expression g5]ally v unusual to him4 ,he bore b little malice1 & x is said t ! annoyances & disappo9tm5ts ( 8 public c>e] left no trace ( bitt]ness ( _s2 & he 0 always will+ to lay ! fault on ! ignorance r ?an on ! bad feel+ ( ! (f5d]s4 ,:5 9 ! full sw+ ( 8 c>e]1 ,cuvi] gave v int]e/+ soires on ,saturday ev5+s1 & x is said t !y 7 ! mo/ brilliant & int]e/+ meet+s ( _! k9d 9 ,p>is4 ,!y 7 mu* frequ5t$ by ! sci5tific _w ( ! "t1 & ! rooms 7 z mu* op5 to ! pr9ce z to ! la/ "y /ud5t :o _h j begun to /udy natural hi/ory4 ,9 ?is society ,cuvi] 0 an amus+ conv]sationali/1 a great ask] ( que/ions2 & z he c\ld talk well on a v>iety ( subjects1 he made 8 gue/s at home1 & gave ! meet+s a "* = fre$om ( expression ( op9ion4 ,a light repa/ conclud$ ! ev5+1 & a select few rema9$ to p>take ( x4 ,! *at 0 amus+1 curiosities 7 %[n ab\t1 & ! la/ anecdotes ab\t nature & ! newe/ ideas 7 %[n & consid]$1 &1 res]v+ himself to ! la/1 ,cuvi] w\ld relate some?+ t cr[n$ ! :ole2 & all ar\nd 7 /ruck by ! occasional complete *ange giv5 to ! tra9 ( ?\ght1 or 7 =c$ to jo9 9 a g5]al %\t ( laught]4 ,! p]iod ( ^! brilliant soires 0 t ( ! prime ( ! lovely daught] :o 0 s fondly lov$ by ,cuvi]4 ,a p]fect lady1 ( great grace & goodness1 0 ,clem5t9e ,cuvi]4 ,%e 0 a highly-gift$ girl1 & h] resemblance to h] fa!r 0 rem>kable4 ,%e _h a delicate con/itution1 & gradually fad$ away1 dy+ ( rapid consumption at la/ amid/ ! joyful prep>ations = h] m>riage4 ,a great *ange !n took place 9 ,cuvi]1 :o m\rn$ 8 daught] greatly4 ,society 0 giv5 up = a long "t1 & :5 ! ev5+ meet+s 7 resum$1 ! life ( !m seem$ to be gone1 & ! dejection ( ,madame ,cuvi] add$ to ! feel+4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 own daught]1 ,cuvi] became m ?an ev] atta*$ to 8 /ep-daught]1 & 8 c>e & anxiety on h] acc\nt manife/$ itself on all occasions4 ,if %e 7 ill he w\ld be up & d[n /airs ov] & ov] aga91 & worri$ himself ab\t ev5 ! mo/ trivial symptoms4 ,al?\gh s greatly occupi$ & s (t5 absorb$ 9 sci5tific pursuits1 he nev] neglect$ ! opportunity ( do+ good 9 8 way4 ,8 private *>ities 7 l>ge & well be/[$4 ,8 purse 0 ev] op5 to ! ne$y & un=tunate ( all c\ntries & /ations1 & ! mis]able inhabitants ( ! d5s ( ,p>is & ! mode/ /ud5t /ruggl+ "u adv]sity 7 alike ! recipi5ts ( 8 b\nty4 ,_m hotels 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! colleges & in/itutions _h /ud5ts 9 !m1 liv+ 9 ! top /ories1 :o 7 s poor t !y _h to subscribe to get a book or two betwe5 !m4 ,!y w\ld occasionally be surpris$ by a visit f _! great tea*]4 ,he came to (f]1 ) ! greate/ c\rtesy1 ! assi/ance he knew !y requir$2 & if !y 7 ill he did n re/ satisfi$ until he _h obta9$ advice & n\ri%m5t = !m4 ,himself ke5ly alive to ! slighte/ rud5ess or neglect1 & grateful = ! smalle/ pro( ( affection1 he knew h[ to give1 n only ) a lib]al h&1 b ) a delicacy :i* nev] w\nd$ ! mo/ s5sitive temp]4 ,! ye> #ahcb 0 a melan*oly "o = ,p>is2 = political di/urbances & *ol]a prevail$4 ,! disease rag$ ar\nd ,cuvi]'s neighb\rhood1 & he saw _m cut (f f x 9 ! mid/ ( _! y\? & /r5g?4 ,at ?is "t he gave up 8 ev5+ visits & ! few relaxations he p]mitt$ himself to enjoy4 ,seclud+ himself f society1 except t ( 8 own family1 he _h no soon] p]=m$ 8 daily r\t9e ( public duties ?an he return$ to 8 /udies ) a zeal & clos5ess ( application t 0 d\btless injuri\s to 8 heal?1 ?\gh he himself said t he _h nev] work$ ) su* enjoym5t4 ,on ,tuesday1 ,may #h?1 he op5$ ! ?ird & conclud+ "p ( 8 c\rse ( lectures at ! ,college ( ,france on ! hi/ory ( sci5ce1 & x 0 8 la/ disc\rse4 ,/rangely en\gh1 x 0 z if x 7 to be 8 la/1 s impressive1 s gr&ly compreh5sive1 0 ! diction2 & he treat$ ! subject 9 a mann] :i* prov$ t he _h be5 ?9k+ mu* ab\t ! my/]i\s & sup]natural environm5t :i* mo/ m5 ( great exp]i5ce c recognize 9 nature4 ,cuvi] 9 ?is lecture dealt ) ! mean+ ( ! *anges :i* _h occurr$ on ! surface ( ! e>? 9 relation to ! succession ( animals & plants on ! globe & ! pres5t creation4 ,he /at$ ! mann] 9 :i* he propos$ to view ! pres5t 9 relation to ! pa/1 a task :i* 0 to lead 8 he>]s1 indep5d5tly ( n>r[ sy/ems1 back to t supreme intellig5ce :i* rules1 enlight5s1 & vivifies1 & :i* gives to e creature ! especial conditions ( its exi/5ce4 ,he notic$ h[ ea* be+ conta9s 9 itself an inf9ite v>iety1 an admirable arrangem5t = ! purposes = :i* x 0 int5d$3 t ea* be+ is good1 p]fect1 & capable ( life1 accord+ to its ord] & species1 & 9 its individuality4 ,he conclud$ by say+1 8,^! w be ! objects ( our future inve/igations1 if "t1 heal?1 & /r5g? are giv5 to me to cont9ue & to f9i% !m ) y40 ,! lecture hall 0 sl[ly left by ,cuvi]'s he>]s & /ud5ts1 & an undef9$ sadness seem$ to weigh ^u 8 late he>]s1 :o seem$ to l+] ) ! impression t 8 days 7 numb]$4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! same day1 ,cuvi] felt "s pa9 9 8 "r arm1 :i* 0 suppos$ to proce$ f rheumatism4 ,! next morn+ he presid$ ov] ! ,committee ( ! ,int]ior ) 8 usual ability & activity2 b at d9n] t day he felt "s difficulty 9 swall[+1 & ! numbness 9 ! arm increas$4 ,:5 he felt himself ?us ill1 9 ord] to take away ! att5tion ( ,madame ,cuvi]1 he said1 8,i mu/ eat m s\p10 swall[+ bread ev5 be+ impossible4 ,advice 0 s\ght1 b dur+ ! next day bo? arms became p>alyz$1 & ! swall[+ 0 worse4 ,he made 8 w ) p]fect calmness1 & x ev9c$ ! t5d]e/ solicitude = ^? ^: c>es & affections _h com=t$ 8 life1 & = ^? :o _h aid$ him mo/ 9 8 sci5tific lab\rs4 ,he c\ld n sign ! w1 b x 0 atte/$ by f\r witnesses4 ,conv9c$ t all human skill 0 9 va91 he nev]!less submitt$ to treatm5t by 8 m$ical m54 ,p>alysis crept on1 & ! legs 7 attack$1 8 spee* 0 affect$1 & he mutt]$1 8,x is ! n]ves ( volition t are affect$40 ,he spoke ( 8 la/ lecture1 & said to a fri5d :o call$1 8,behold a v diff]5t p]son to ! man ( ,tuesday2 nev]!less ,i _h great ?+s /ill to d4 ,all 0 ready 9 my head1 aft] ?irty ye>s ( lab\r & rese>*2 !re rema9$ b to write1 & n[ ! h&s fail & c>ry ) !m ! head40 ,cuvi] gradually sank1 b kept 8 intellig5ce ne>ly to ! la/4 ,x 0 8 wi% to be buri$ privately1 int]r$ 9 ! cemet]y ( ,pre le ,*aise1 "u ! tomb/one :i* cov]$ 8 belov$ *ild2 b x 0 n possible to avoid ! public demon/ration ( respect4 ,! fun]al procession 0 foll[$ by ! repres5tatives ( all ! great le>n$ bodies ( ,france4 ,cuvi] 0 too g5]\s1 & too desir\s = ! advancem5t ( 8 bran* ( natural hi/ory k1 to die v ri*4 ,he _h sev]al important s\rces ( income1 & !re is no d\bt t1 _h he *os5 s to d1 he c\ld h sav$ mu* money4 ,he sp5t l>gely :5 x 0 necess>y to procure specim5s f abroad1 & to dig out fossils at home1 & 8 private *>ities 7 num]\s4 ,he only left ab\t ! sum ( f\r ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 a libr>y wor? ab\t ! same sum1 & a h\se = 8 family4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,cuvi] 01 9 8 private life1 a v e/imable man1 & t 9 8 public life he upheld ! tea*+s ( 8 consci5ce to 8 disadvantage4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t a man ^: "w prov$ ! great antiquity ( ! k9ds ( animals n[ liv+ on ! surface ( ! e>?1 & ! exi/5ce ( a great philosophy 9 nature :i* l9k$ ! pa/ & pres5t animals 9 a s*eme :i* %[$ t life _h be5 cont9u\s = ages1 w\ld be abus$ & call$ an a!i/ by "s ignorant p or o!r4 ,8 true "* has be5 writt5 z foll[s3--8,he promot$ ! cause ( true religion by e means 9 8 p[]1 bo? public & private2 he 0 a w>m support] ( ! ,bible ,society1 & caus$ ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts to be widely dissem9at$ 9 e "p ( ,prote/ant ,france4 ,9 8 lett]s to ! heads ( colleges & ma/]s ( s*ools1 he /rongly recomm5d$ !m to tea* = ! love ( ,god1 himself po9t+ out _! duties accord+ to t great rule4 ,he adh]$ consi/5tly & p]si/5tly to ! ,prote/ant fai?1 :5 x 0 well kn[n t a *ange to ! ,roman ,ca?olic w\ld h be5 ! sure/ /ep to ! atta9m5t ( ! highe/ hon\rs 9 ! /ate4 ,he caus$ a numb] ( *apels to be e/abli%$1 9 ord] to give facility = att5d+ div9e wor%ip2 & he nev] w\ld receive a sal>y = att5d+ & adm9i/]+ to ! int]e/s ( ! ,prote/ant religion4 ,he dis*>g$ fai?fully all ! duties ( 8 (fice1 ) a zeal :i* %[$ t he _h a mu* high] motive ?an t ( ga9 or reputation4 ,humility & =giv5ess m>k$ 8 "*2 he 0 ?ankful = ! correction ( errors2 he glori$ z mu* 9 ! discov]ies ( ano!r z 8 own2 & 9 ! triumph ( jo9t lab\rs1 unhesitat+ly gave ! pref]5ce to 8 colleague4 ,he suff]$ 8 s]vants to expo/ulate ) him1 & ! v nature ( 8 amusem5ts 0 social & *e]ful4 ,he felt +ratitude ke5ly1 & also unk9dness & inju/ice1 b !y made him sad r ?an angry4 ,8 antagoni/s op5ly indulg$ 9 ! mo/ irritat+ & viol5t taunts1 or secretly intrigu$ aga9/ him2 ! =m] nev] excit$ him beyond a cle>1 firm1 & dignifi$ reply1 wrung f him only :5 reply 0 absolutely necess>y2 & ! latt] no?+ b c&id remon/rances4 ,to ^! high attributes we may add *>ity4 ,! fail+s ( o!rs 7 nev] trumpet$ =? by ,cuvi]2 he did n ev5 tol]ate playful satire1 h[ev] disguis$ by wit2 8 e>ne/ desire 0 to make all happy ar\nd him1 ev5 by a sacrifice ( 8 own conv5i5ce2 & 8 resignation 0 great1 "u calamities :i* b]eav$ him ( ! de>e/ objects ( 8 affection2 all ^! ?+s appe> to e/abli% 8 "* z a ,*ri/ian40 ,! "* ( ,cuvi] 0 h>dly equal to ?is panegyric1 = he held 8 own boldly en\gh1 & fac$ 8 enemies ) no feeble humility2 moreov]1 ! details ( 8 ev]yday life prove t he 0 suffici5tly exact+1 & t ev]y?+ _h to give way to 8 w4 ,nev]!less1 x is true t t w 0 to advance k 9 ! "r direction1 & t x 0 /imulat$ by an e>ne/ desire = tru?4 ,m5 l ,cuvi] are v apt to be misund]/ood by _! mo/ intimate fri5ds4 ,:5 /udy+ ! collections ( animals1 & :5 comp>+ ! =ms ( anci5t & mod]n life1 ,cuvi] m5tally recogniz$ a div9e wisdom & ! "w ( ! ,god he wor%ipp$4 ,t 0 8 wor%ip1 & he probably c>$ all ! less = ! oratory ( ! pulpit1 :i* he 0 expect$ to li/5 to4 ,he 0 n a con/ant att5dant at 8 *ur*1 & ?is seems ev5 to h afflict$ 8 daught] :5 on h] dea?-b$1 accord+ to "s reports4 ,b 9 all probability %e knew h] fa!r's wor? & real religion1 bett] ?an outside fri5ds & detractors1 & pray$ t he might receive t support :i* alone c\ld enable him to be> ! heavie/ ( sorr[s ) resignation4 ,judg+ ! man by 8 fruit & life1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ,cuvi] 0 "o ( ! greate/ /ud5ts & tea*]s ( nature t h liv$1 8 "w1 be+ true1 la/s2 moreov]1 !re is no d\bt t he _h b few fail+s1 & a great am\nt ( wisdom & virtue4 ,c]ta9ly he 0 a /aun* fri5d to religi\s education1 & if "o c\ld h kn[n 8 he>t1 x is v possible t 8 app>5t ambition & desire ( social greatness & position may h be5 influ5c$ by ! k t influ5ce & dignity w\ld fur!r 8 "w bo? z an anatomi/ & zoologi/1 & z a responsible promot] ( education4 ,! lives ( ^! h]oes h be5 ma9ly tak5 f ! life ( ,john ,ray 9 ! ,ray ,society's publications1 & f an excell5t little book1 by an anonym\s au?or1 call$ 8,cuvi] & ,zoology10 & f ! 8,mmoires de ,l',acadmie des ,sci5ces40 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,h]oes ,,( ,,geology4 ,! rise ( ! sci5ce :i* treats ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>?--,/ud5ts ( ! pres5t *anges1 :i* are ! examples by :i* ! pa/ may be compreh5d$--,! ,greeks--,! life ( ,py?agoras2 a notice ( ! geology ( ,ari/oteles--,/rabo's life--,! nature ( fossils & ! life ( ,/5o4 ,z 0 ! case 9 ! o!r bran*es ( natural hi/ory already notic$1 ! ,greeks knew mu* m ab\t geology ?an did ! nations ( ! re/ ( ,europe1 subsequ5tly1 = ne>ly sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,! fir/ record$ tea*] ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>? 0 ,py?agoras1 :o 0 born on ! isl& ( ,samos1 ab\t ! ye> #egj ,b4,c4 ,by 8 "m's side he 0 connect$ ) ! pr9cipal families ( ! isl&1 & 8 fa!r appe>s to h be5 a ,phnician or a ,tyrrh5ian ( ,lemnos4 ,!re is no?+ kn[n ab\t 8 *ildhood1 & x is evid5t t he /udi$ "u ! great philosoph]s ( 8 age 9 ,greece4 ,b he want$ fur!r in=mation1 & !re=e travell$ into ,egypt1 & !nce into ,*alda4 ,polycrates1 ! rul] ( ! isl& 9 :i* ,py?agoras 0 born1 appe>s to h assi/$ him ) ! ,egyptians by introductions4 ,! travell] notic$ n only ! habits & cu/oms ( ! p he visit$1 b also ! aspect ( ! c\ntries1 & ! me?od by :i* nature wore ! e>?1 & produc$ *anges on ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,he appe>s to h be5 mu* /ruck ) ! p]iodical nature ( _m natural ev5ts1 su* z ! succession ( ! seasons1 ! "t ( ra9 & inundation1 & ( great heat1 & ( all ! common examples ) :i* ev]yone is famili> at ! pres5t day4 ,return+ home he soon became aw>e t he c\ld n tea*1 unres]v$ly1 :at he _h le>n$ & discov]$ dur+ 8 travels1 = fe> ( ,polycrates1 & he left ! isl&4 ,f9ally he settl$ at ,croton1 9 s\!rn ,italy1 & he appe>s to h *os5 ! locality1 9 ord] to propagate 8 moral & political1 z well z sci5tific op9ions4 ,un=tunately1 ?is ard5t s*ol> & tea*] did n write any books1 b left t task to 8 pupils & successors1 s t mu* good s5se is mix$ ) mu* nons5se 9 ! s-call$ doctr9es ( ,py?agoras :i* came f !m4 ,"s ( 8 op9ions are v rem>kable & /rik+1 & he introduc$ into 8 own c\ntry ! /atem5ts ( ! ,ea/]n nations1 t !re has be5 a gradual det]ioration ( ! human race f an orig9al /ate ( virtue & happ9ess4 ,b 8 pr9cipal "w reg>d+ ! e>? has desc5d$ to u ?r\gh ! poet ,ovid1 & x is mo/ int]e/+4 ,py?agoras insi/$ t !re 0 a p]petual & gradual sy/em ( *ange1 inh]5t 9 ! e>?4 ,?is idea1 :i* came into 8 m9d f ! results ( obs]vation1 he did n apply to v remote ages1 or to :at is n[ call$ ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! globe4 ,he simply insi/$ on mod]n *anges4 ,really ?is limit+ ( 8 ?\ght 0 9 ! true sci5tific _s1 & he dealt ) :at 0 true & proveable s f> z he 0 conc]n$4 ,x might be suppos$ t ! pres5t *anges _c come )9 ! /udies ( ! geologi/1 b !y really d s1 because1 z w be notic$ fur!r on 9 consid]+ ! life ( ,hutton1 ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! e>? c only be compreh5d$ by /udy+ ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,py?agoras cle>$ ! way1 & made a pa? = ! geologi/4 ,he is said by ,ovid to h taught z foll[s3-- 8,no?+ p]i%es 9 ?is _w1 b ?+s simply v>y & *ange _! =m4 ,to be born means simply t a ?+ beg9s to be some?+ diff]5t f :at x 0 be=e2 & dy+ is ceas+ f be+ ! same ?+4 ,solid l& has be5 conv]t$ into sea4 ,sea has be5 *ang$ into l&2 m>9e %ells lie f> di/ant f ! deep1 & ! an*or has be5 f\nd on ! summit ( ! hills4 ,valleys h be5 excavat$ by runn+ wat]1 & floods h wa%$ d[n hills into ! sea4 ,m>%es h become dry gr\nd4 ,dry l&s h *ang$ into /agnant pools4 ,dur+ e>?quakes "s spr+s h be5 clos$ up1 & new ones h brok5 out4 ,riv]s h des]t$ _! *annels1 & h be5 reborn else:]e2 z ! ,eras9us1 9 ,greece1 & ,mysius1 9 ,asia4 ,! wat]s ( "s riv]s1 =m]ly sweet1 h become bitt]1 z ^? ( ,anigrus1 9 ,greece4 ,isl&s h become connect$ ) ! ma9 l&1 by ! gr[? ( deltas & new deposits4 ,p59sulas h be5 divid$ f ! ma9 l&1 & h become isl&s1 z ,leucadia2 & accord+ to tradition1 ,sicily1 ! sea hav+ c>ri$ away ! i/hmus4 ,l& has be5 subm]g$ by e>?quakes4 ,! ,grecian cities ( ,helice & ,burris1 = example1 are to be se5 "u ! sea1 ) _! walls incl9$4 ,pla9s h be5 upheav$ into hills by ! conf9$ air seek+ v5t1 z at ,trz5e1 9 ! ,peloponnesus4 ,!re are /reams :i* h a petrify+ p[]1 & conv]t ! sub/ances :i* !y t\* into m>ble4 ,volcano v5ts %ift _! positions4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,etna 0 n a burn+ m\nta91 & ! "t w come :5 x w cease to burn2 :e!r x be t "s cav]ns be clos$ up by ! movem5ts ( ! e>? & o!rs op5$1 or :e!r ! fuel is f9ally exhau/$40 ,( c\rse !re are sev]al errors 9 ^! /atem5ts1 & especially ^? :i* relate to ! causes ( volcanic v5ts are absurd4 ,py?agoras also notic$ ! *anges 9 ! animal k+doms1 su* z ! metamorphoses ( insects4 ,besides be+ a naturali/ ?is great man taught "s mo/ extraord9>y doctr9es = 8 "t ( ! _w & nation4 ,he /at$ t virtue 0 ) him & 8 foll[]s1 a h>mony1 unity1 & an endeav\r to resemble ! ,deity4 ,! :ole life ( man %\ld be an attempt to repres5t1 on e>?1 ! beauty & h>mony display$ 9 ! ord] ( ! univ]se4 ,! m9d %\ld h ! body & ! passions "u p]fect control2 ! gods %\ld be wor%ipp$ by simple purifications & (f]+s1 & above all by s9c]ity & purity ( he>t4 ,py?agoras1 by 8 good tea*+ & example1 e/abli%$ a great s*ool ( philosophy1 :i* influ5c$ ! _w subsequ5tly 9 a m>k$ mann]4 ,a political riot disp]s$ 8 foll[]s1 & he di$ ab\t #ejd ,b4,c4 ,a notice ( ! life ( ,ari/oteles z botani/ & zoologi/ has already be5 giv51 & n[ a few words mu/ be said ab\t ! op9ions held by ?is v rem>kable man reg>d+ *anges 9 ! e>?4 ,he progress$ beyond ,py?agoras1 = he ref]s to _m examples ( *anges n[ con/antly go+ on1 & insi/s1 emphatically1 on ! great results :i* !y mu/ produce 9 ! lapse ( ages4 ,! *anges ( ! e>?1 he says1 are s sl[ 9 comp>ison to ! duration ( our lives1 t !y are ov]look$1 & ! migrations ( p aft] great cata/rophes1 & _! removal to o!r regions1 cause ! ev5t to be =gott54 ,9 "o "w ,ari/oteles wrote3 8,! di/ribution ( l& & sea1 9 p>ticul> regions1 does n endure ?r\gh\t all "t1 b x becomes sea 9 ^? p>ts :]e x 0 l&1 & aga9 x becomes l& :]e x 0 sea2 & !re is reason = ?9k+ t ^! *anges take place accord+ to a c]ta9 sy/em & )9 a c]ta9 p]iod4 ,ev]y?+ *anges 9 ! c\rse ( "t40 ,!re 0 a great geograph] call$ ,/rabo1 ab\t ^: life little is kn[n1 except t he travell$ f> & wide 9 ,europe & ,nor? ,africa1 & wrote l>gely on ! e>?4 ,he did n cont5t himself ) simple geography1 h[ev]1 = he ent]$ into a discussion1 :i* 0 a v common "o 9 ^? days1 z x has be5 s9ce1 conc]n+ ! nature ( ! fossil %ells :i* are f\nd 9 /rata or lay]s ( ! e>? remote f ! sea4 ,he attribut$ ! collect+ ( ! %ells :]e !y are f\nd to ! =m] subsid5ce ( ! l&1 & n to ! ris+ ( ! sea4 ,x is n1 he said1 because ! l&s cov]$ by seas 7 orig9ally at diff]5t altitudes1 t ! wat]s h ris5 or subsid$ or rec$$ f "s p>ts & inundat$ o!rs1 b ! reason is1 t ! same l& is sometimes rais$ up & sometimes depress$1 s t x ei!r ov]fl[s or returns to its own place aga94 ,we mu/ !re=e ascribe ! cause to ! gr\nd1 ei!r to t gr\nd :i* is "u ! sea or to t :i* becomes flood$ by x1 b r to t :i* lies b5ea? ! sea1 = ?is is m moveable1 & on acc\nt ( its humidity c be alt]$ ) great] cel]ity4 ,?is philosoph] cle>ly laid d[n ! law t ! g5]al level ( ! sea has rema9$ ! same1 b t x has be5 & is ! l& :i* has be5 or is upheav$ or subsid$4 ,x is a fundam5tal tru? on :i* mu* ( ! sci5ce ( geology dep5ds4 ,he moreov] ass]t$ t volcanoes 7 safety-valves1 & 7 ! result ( subt]ranean convulsions4 ,^! 7 ! pr9cipal writ]s :i* influ5c$ geology 9 ! days be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & x is to be notic$ t !y did n treat ( ! con/ruction ( ! rocks1 ( ! succession ( ! lay]s or /rata1 or ( mu* conc]n+ ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! globe4 ,b !y taught1 wisely & admirably1 ! nature ( mod]n *anges1 & believ$ t ^! & ! old] ones !y c\ld compreh5d1 7 "p ( a s*eme1 & 7 produc$ by natural causes1 9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,ari/oteles1 ,/rabo1 & ,pl9ius wrote ab\t ! *anges :i* 7 progress+ on ! surface ( ! e>?1 & comp>$ !m1 9 _! reason+1 ) *anges !y presum$ _h be51 b /ill no great advance 0 made4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury a rem>kable discussion sprang up ab\t ! nature ( %ells & bones1 :i* 7 f\nd 9 lay]s ( e>? remote f ! sea4 ,! celebrat$ pa9t] ,leon>do da ,v9ci _h se5 "s ( ^! fossils dur+ 8 y\?1 :5 he plann$ & c>ri$ out "s important canals 9 ! nor? ( ,italy4 ,he laugh$ at ! fancies ( ! day ab\t ! %ells1 = "s p said t !y 7 made by ! />s1 & o!rs t !y 7 br\ght =? naturally1 9 ! lay]s ( e>? 9 :i* !y 7 f\nd4 ,he want$ to "k :]e ! ?+s 7 be+ made 9 ! hills1 by ! />s1 at ! pres5t "t1 & /at$ t1 l ! r\nd$ /ones ( gravel1 ! %ells _h be5 9 ! sea1 & t !y 7 ( diff]5t ages & k9ds1 & 7 once alive4 ,b ! =m] liv+ condition ( fossils1 & ! possibility ( _! be+ und]/ood1 by comp>+ !m ) rec5t or liv+ ?+s1 01 p]haps1 mo/ /rongly put by ,/5o1 a ,dane4 ,9 #afch1 a goldsmi?1 ,/5o by "n1 liv+ at ,cop5hag51 :o 0 a tradesman ( ! ,k+ ,*ri/ian ,,iv4 ( ,d5m>k1 _h a son4 ,! "y ,ni*olas 0 br\ght up c>efully1 evid5tly 0 well educat$1 & 0 de/9$ = ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,a /rict ,lu!ran1 he naturally w5t to ,holl& = a "p ( 8 education1 & /udi$ at ,leyd5 "u ! v di/+ui%$ anatomi/s !re1 aft] he _h tak5 8 degree4 ,no?+ is kn[n ab\t 8 p]son or habits1 b ! results ( 8 con/ant lab\r prove him to h be5 a mo/ indu/ri\s /ud5t1 & also an inve/igator ( ! human frame 9 8 e>ly days ( manhood4 ,at fir/ ! m$ical pr(ession 0 ev]y?+ to him1 & he /udi$ human anatomy & physiology ) great success1 mak+ "s important & int]e/+ discov]ies4 ,he discov]$ ! duct or *annel by :i* ! saliva runs into ! m\? f ! saliv>y gl& b5ea? ! sk9 on ! *eek1 & 9 #affd he publi%$ "s rese>*es on ! mann] 9 :i* ! *ick is n\ri%$ 9 ! egg4 ,moreov]1 he exam9$ ! /ructures ( ! eye ( ! calf1 ! nature ( ! muc\s secretion1 & wrote on ! he>t4 ,:ile engag$ 9 ^! rese>*es at ,am/]dam1 he he>d ( ! dea? ( 8 "m1 & return$ to ,cop5hag54 ,aft] a %ort /ay !re1 he set out = ,italy1 tak+ ,france on 8 way2 & he began a s]ies ( rese>*es on ! /ructure ( ! bra9 at ,p>is 9 #affd4 ,"h a great *ange occurr$1 :i* influ5c$ 8 future life 9 a rem>kable degree4 ,/5o1 well kn[n !n z a successful inve/igator1 came "u ! notice ( a great ,fr5* geograph]1 ,?v5ot1 &1 :at 0 m important1 became ! fri5d ( ,bossuet1 "o ( ! greate/ prea*]s & tea*]s ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has ev] produc$4 ,/5o 0 s influ5c$ by ,bossuet1 t he became conv]t$ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai?1 & left ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,go+ subsequ5tly into ,italy1 ,/5o pursu$ 8 /udies1 & settl$ 9 ,flor5ce1 9 #affg1 be+ well receiv$ by ! ,gr& ,duke ,f]d9& ,,ii4 de ,m$ici4 ,9 spite ( ! some:at natural jeal\sy ( ! m$ical m5 ( ! city1 ,/5o 0 appo9t$ physician to ! ,gr& ,duke1 & prosecut$ 8 anatomical /udies "u 8 influ5ce4 ,!n he came across a subject :i* direct$ 8 att5tion to geology1 or r to t "p ( ! sci5ce :i* relates to ext9ct animals4 ,9 a lett] to ,?v5ot1 ,/5o describes ! dissection ( a %>k :i* _h be5 captur$ (f ,leghorn 9 #afff1 & especially discuss$ ! mode ( gr[? ( ! tee? ( ! animal4 ,at ?is "t _m fossils 7 pick$ up & ga!r$ out ( lay]s or /rata1 :i* 7 call$ by _m curi\s names1 & believ$ to be any?+ b :at !y really 74 ,!y 7 di/+ui%$ by ,/5o at once z %>k's tee?1 & he insi/$ t %>ks liv$ dur+ ! =m] ages ( ! globe1 & t !y _h become entomb$ 9 ! deposits :i* 7 !n =m+ a /ratum or lay] ( e>?1 ! result ( deposition 9 wat]1 be+ ! burial-gr\nd ( ! "t ( its collection or =mation4 ,fossils 7 ?us %[n by ,/5o to be m9]aliz$ or petrifi$ organic rema9s1 & he gave ! h9t or me?od to future inve/igators1 t ! example ( ! exi/+ animals mu/ be tak51 9 ord] to le>n ! nature ( ^? creatures ^: rema9s are m or less p]fectly pres]v$ 9 ! fossil condition4 ,foll[+ out ?is subject1 ,/5o wrote on ! mann] 9 :i* deposits accumulate1 & accumulat$ 9 pa/ ages2 & he conclud$ t if we f\nd a deposit conta9+ sea-salt & ! rema9s ( m>9e animals1 planks ( %ips etc41 we %\ld believe t ! sea _h once be5 !re1 :e!r ! b$ 0 expos$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! sea hav+ retir$1 or because ! l& _h be5 rais$4 ,he %[$ t al?\gh ! l[e/ b$s deposit$ ov] any area1 mu/ con=m to ! %ape ( ! und]ly+ rock1 ! t5d5cy ( all s$im5t mu/ be to occupy ! horizontal position2 & s :5 we f9d !m highly incl9$1 z 9 m\nta9s1 = in/ance1 we mu/ ref] ?is to subsequ5t movem5t4 ,he notic$ t m\nta9s are made up bo? ( horizontal & incl9$ /rata1 z may be se5 along _! flanks4 ,he inf]s t m\nta9s 7 once n 9 exi/5ce1 & t !y d n gr[1 b t _! regions are rais$ & depress$ & subject to r5d+ & fissur+4 ,/5o cle>ly %[$ t ! l& _h sunk & _h be5 aga9 elevat$ 9 ! geological ages1 & 9 consid]+ ! causes he seems to h grasp$ ! idea t ! int]nal heat ( ! e>? becom+ less1 ! mass cools1 & t ! movem5ts on ! surface h _h to d ) ! cool+4 ,8 mo/ important "w 0 remov+ fossils out ( ! category ( m>vels1 sports ( nature1 & z ?+s :i* grew 9 ! e>?1 to ! prop] tru? t !y are pres]v$ p>ts ( animals & plants :i* 7 =m]ly alive4 ,9 #afhh1 ,/5o 0 appo9t$ to ! *air ( anatomy at ,cop5hag52 b he _h to suff] f jeal\sy1 & d\btless "s religi\s p]secution influ5c$ 8 desire to leave 8 native c\ntry & to return to ,flor5ce aga94 ,?is he did1 & ,cosmo ,,iii4 entru/$ him ) ! education ( 8 son4 ,/5o !n began to give up sci5ce & to /udy !ology1 & wrote sev]al works on ! subject by :i* he hop$ to conv]t 8 old natural hi/ory fri5ds4 ,"o ( ^! involv$ him 9 a controv]sy ) ! re=m$ cl]gy ( ,j5a4 ,! ,pope1 ,innoc5t ,,xi41 rew>d$ ,/5o 9 #afgg1 by mak+ him a bi%op & apo/olic vic> ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,/5o w5t to reside at ,hanov]2 b he _h to leave1 & return+ to ,s*w]91 he di$ !re4 ,8 body 01 at ! reque/ ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,cosmo1 c>ri$ back to ,tuscany 9 #afhg4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,hutton4 ,! rise ( ! mod]n s*ool ( geology--,! cont9uity ( ! op]ations ( nature & _! sam5ess--,! necessity ( /udy+ ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s 9 ord] to compreh5d ! pa/--,! d5ial ( cata/rophes--,hutton's !ory ( ! e>? ! f\ndation ( sci5tific geology4 ,_m facts _h be5 record$ reg>d+ ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>?1 & a ho/ ( ideas1 m or less absurd1 _h be5 giv5 =? on geology1 dur+ ! ye>s :i* prec$$ & foll[$ ! re=mation4 ,sev]al ,italian geologi/s _h exam9$ into ! tru?s discov]$ by ,py?agoras1 &1 z /at$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 ! nature ( fossils _h become und]/ood by a few lib]al m9d$ m54 ,! age ( ,newton1 & ! ye>s :i* foll[$ 8 "t1 7 consum$1 h[ev]1 s f> z ! hi/ory ( ! e>? 0 conc]n$1 by va9 attempts to =m cosmogonies1 to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! globe & visible univ]se4 ,!re 0 also a fi]ce /ruggle betwe5 two great geological factions1 "o ass]t+ t all rocks 7 ! product ( heat1 & ! o!r d5y+ ?is 9 toto & decid+ t wat] 0 ! orig9ator4 ,_m1 & inde$ ne>ly all1 geologi/s taught t nature _h act$ dur+ ! pa/1 by fits & />ts1 & t great convulsions _h occurr$1 br++ ! e>? at la/ to its pres5t condition4 ,! common s5se ( mank9d 0 oppos$ to _m ( ^! beliefs1 & !re 0 moreov] a v great indisposition1 on ! "p ( _m educat$ m51 to cr$it t ! e>? 0 m ?an six ?\s& ye>s old4 ,n a few believ$ t ! hills & dales1 m\nta9s & pla9s1 cliffs & valleys1 7 fir/ =m$ z !y are n[4 ,a ,scotti% g5tleman1 a quiet retir+ man1 hav+ "s means ( 8 own1 /udi$ ! /ructure ( ! rocks & taught himself physical geography4 ,he ma/]$ a great numb] ( und\bt$ facts1 & reason$ ^u !m1 & produc$ a !ory :i* made geology a sci5ce1 in/ead ( a jumble ( guesses flav\r$ ) ! love ( ! m>vell\s4 ,james ,hutton 0 ! son ( ,william ,hutton1 a m]*ant liv+ 9 ,ed9burgh1 & 0 born 9 t city on ! #crd ( ,june1 #agbf4 ,8 fa!r1 a man highly respect$ = 8 good s5se & integrity1 & :o _h held ! important (fice ( city treasur]1 di$ :il/ ! boy 0 "y4 ,! "m 0 a woman ( consid]able ability1 & %e det]m9$ t h] *ild %\ld h a good education4 ,he w5t1 consequ5tly1 to ! ,high ,s*ool1 & subsequ5tly 0 ent]$ at ! ,univ]sity at ! e>ly age ( f\rte54 ,james 0 a ?or\gh /ud5t1 & lov$ "w1 & 8 ta/es 7 direct$ r to natural sci5ce ?an to classics & ! high] ma!matics4 ,he /udi$ ma!matics "u ,maclaur91 & us$ to say 9 aft] ye>s t al?\gh he enjoy$ ,pr(essor ,/ev5son's tea*+ ( logic1 /ill he ?\ght m ( him because a h9t t 0 giv5 9 a lecture l$ him to take a passionate int]e/ 9 *emi/ry4 ,! fact t gold is dissolv$ 9 aqua regia 7a mixture ( nitric & hydro*loric acids71 & t two acids1 :i* c ea* ( !m dissolve any ( ! bas] metals1 mu/ unite _! /r5g? be=e !y c attack ! mo/ preci\s1 0 m5tion$ by ! pr(essor1 9 illu/ration ( "s g5]al doctr9e4 ,hutton 0 mu* impress$ ) ?is fact1 & 0 l$ to /udy x fur!r1 & he got all ! books on ! subject4 ,?is l$ to 8 love ( *emi/ry1 :i* nev] =sook him1 & :i* really decid$ ! c\rse ( 8 c>e]4 ,b ,hutton 0 de/9$ = a pr(ession1 & 8 "m did n int5d him to occupy himself solely ) sci5ce4 ,consequ5tly he 0 articl$ to a writ] to ! signet1 ) a view ( becom+ a lawy]4 ,he _h h>d "w to d1 & pl5ty ( x2 x 0 m]e r\t9e "w1 t ( a cl]k1 & !re 0 a possibility t he w\ld =get 8 sci5tific pleasures4 ,8 desire = k p]si/$1 9 spite ( 8 monoton\s "w1 & occasionally he endeav\r$ to tea* 8 fell[ cl]ks a little1 & he 0 f\nd amus+ himself & !m ) *emical exp]im5ts1 :5 he %\ld h be5 copy+ pap]s or /udy+ ! =ms ( legal proce$+s4 ,8 ma/] soon saw t ! "y man's m9d 0 n t :i* w\ld suit a lawy]1 s1 ) mu* k9dness & good s5se1 he releas$ 8 "y fri5d f 8 obligations4 ,"y ,hutton at once began to /udy m$ic9e1 z t sci5ce :i* 0 ! mo/ closely alli$ to *emi/ry4 ,he att5d$ lectures1 & /udi$ well f #agdd to #agdg4 ,!n1 z ! tea*+ at ,ed9burgh 0 n suffici5t 9 all ! p>ts ( m$ical /udies1 he w5t1 z 0 usual1 to ,p>is1 :]e he /udi$ *emi/ry & anatomy ) great ard\r4 ,he 0 !re = ne>ly two ye>s1 & !n w5t to ,leyd51 9 ,holl&1 :]e he took 8 degree 9 ,septemb]1 #agdi4 ,on 8 return to ,london at ! end ( t ye>1 he began to ?9k s]i\sly ab\t settl+ 9 ! _w4 ,ed9burgh af=d$ no flatt]+ prospect = 8 e/abli%m5t z a physician4 ,! bus9ess !re 0 9 ! h&s ( a few em95t practition]s1 :o _h be5 long e/abli%$2 s t no op5+ 0 left = a "y man ^: m]it 0 yet unkn[n1 :o _h no p[]ful connections to assi/ him on 8 fir/ outset1 & v little ( t pati5t & circumspect activity by :i* a m$ical man pu%es himself =w>d 9 ! _w4 ,full ( anxiety ab\t ! future1 ,hutton wrote to a fri5d ( 8 own age on ! subject4 ,?is 0 ,mr4 ,james ,davie1 ) :om ,hutton _h be5 on mo/ intimate t]ms be=e leav+ ,scotl&4 ,!y _h bo? a great love ( *emi/ry1 & _h exp]im5t$ toge!r1 especially on ! nature & production ( ammonia4 ,_! exp]im5ts _h l$ to "s valuable discov]ies1 & _h be5 pursu$ by ,mr4 ,davie dur+ 8 fri5d's abs5ce4 ,!y _h af=d$ a reasonable expectation ( e/abli%+ a pr(itable manufacture ( "s salt ( ammonia f coal-soot4 ,! project ( ?is e/abli%m5t 0 communicat$ by ,mr4 ,davie to 8 fri5d1 :o 0 /ill 9 ,london1 & x appe>s to h less5$ 8 anxiety ab\t settl+ z a physician1 &1 probably1 0 "o ( ! ma9 causes ( 8 lay+ aside all ?\ghts ( t pr(ession4 ,p]haps1 too1 on a ne>] view1 he did n f9d t ! practice ( m$ic9e w\ld af=d him t leisure = pursu+ *emical & o!r sci5tific objects :i* he fanci$ x w\ld d1 :5 he saw ?+s at a great] di/ance4 ,9 fact1 ,hutton f\nd himself 9 ! same position z _m o!r m5 ( g5ius :o h pursu$ z successfully ! peculi> /udies requisite = an accompli%$ m$ical man4 ,anatomy1 physiology1 *emi/ry1 & botany h (t5 be5 mu* m attractive to ! aspirant = m$ical fame ?an surg]y1 practical m$ic9e1 & ! /udy ( drugs & _! uses4 ,_m a good doctor has be5 spoil$ by ov]-education1 & sci5ce has ga9$ an en?usia/ic /ud5t4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 ano!r cause :i* 0 influ5c+ ,hutton4 ,he _h inh]it$ a little prop]ty 9 l& 9 ,b]wick%ire f 8 fa!r2 x 0 possible to live on x1 & f>m & "w at *emi/ry )\t risk1 :il/ if he sold x1 or us$ ! r5t 9 advanc+ 8 position z a m$ical man1 he might fail aft] all4 ,c]ta9 x is t he return$ to ,ed9burgh1 & 9 ! summ] ( #agej he ab&on$ 8 int5tion ( practis+1 & resolv$ to apply himself to agriculture4 ,he _h z a fri5d ,sir ,john ,hall1 ( ,dunglass1 a man ( +5uity & ta/e = sci5ce1 & also an agriculturi/4 ,z he 0 nev] de/9$ to d any?+ by halves1 ,hutton det]m9$ to /udy f>m+ 9 ! s*ool :i* 0 !n reckon$ ! be/1 & ! mann] :i* is und\bt$ly ! mo/ effectual4 ,he w5t into ,norfolk1 & fix$ 8 resid5ce = "s "t 9 t c\nty1 liv+ 9 ! h\se ( a f>m]1 :o s]v$ bo? = 8 l&lord & 8 in/ructor4 ,?is he did 9 #ageb4 ,he always spoke well ( ,john ,dybold1 :o made him com=table1 & ^: practical lessons 9 husb&ry he mu* valu$4 ,he appe>s1 inde$1 to h enjoy$ ?is situation v mu*3 ! simple & pla9 "* ( ! society ) :i* he m+l$1 suit$ well ) 8 own1 & ! peasants ( ,norfolk c\ld f9d no?+ 9 ! /rang] to set !m at a di/ance f him1 or to make !m treat him ) res]ve4 ,x 0 always true ( ,dr4 ,hutton t to an ord9>y man he appe>$ to be an ord9>y man2 possess+ a little m _s & livel9ess1 p]haps1 ?an x is usual to meet )4 ,he enjoy$ ,norfolk life v mu*1 & d\btless x 0 ! v diff]5t soil ( t c\nty :i* made ! "y ,scot*man ?9k1 = ! fir/ "t1 ab\t ! con/ruction ( ! surface ( ! e>? :i* he hop$ to till & pr(it by4 ,:ile 8 head qu>t]s 7 ?us e/abli%$ 9 ,norfolk1 he made j\rneys1 on foot1 into diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&2 & ?\gh ! ma9 object ( !m 0 to obta9 in=mation 9 agriculture1 yet he nev] pass$ a pit1 or a cliff1 or a riv]-side1 )\t /udy+ ! /ructure ( ! soil1 s t 9 #agec1 ,hutton 0 incont95tly mak+ himself a geologi/1 a pursuit :i* 8 k ( *emi/ry & m9]alogy r5d]$ easy to him4 ,:at agriculture he le>n$ 9 ,norfolk 0 ( ! greate/ use to him1 & he visit$ ,fl&]s to le>n m4 ,he travell$ f ,rott]dam ?r\gh ,holl&1 ,brabant1 ,fl&]s1 & ,pic>dy1 & 0 highly delight$ ) ! cultivation ( ! small hold+s ( ^? c\ntries4 ,?\gh 8 pr9cipal object 9 ?is excursion 0 to acquire in=mation 9 ! practice ( husb&ry1 he appe>s to h paid mu* att5tion to ! m9]alogy ( ! c\ntries ?r\gh :i* he pass$4 ,!n he return$ & took up 8 own f>m 9 ,b]wick%ire1 br++ ) him a ,norfolk pl\ghman4 ,he set to "w & f>m$1 us+ e kn[n improvem5t1 & he has ! cr$it ( be+ "o ( ^? :o introduc$ ! new husb&ry into a c\ntry :]e x has s9ce made m rapid advances ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ,great ,brita94 ,f #aged to #agfh he resid$ on 8 f>m1 visit+ ,ed9burgh occasionally4 ,he seems to h l$ a tranquil c\ntry life1 succe$+ z a f>m]2 & yet !re 01 dur+ all ?is "t1 a sl[ yet progressive gr[? ( a sci5ce 9 8 m9d4 ,cauti\s1 p]sev]+1 obs]vant1 & truly logical 9 8 me?od ( ?\ght1 ,hutton 0 accumulat+ facts ^u :i* to reason 9 geology1 :il/ ! s-call$ geologi/s ( ! day 7 =m+ !ories )\t facts4 ,he took a t\r to ! nor? ( ,scotl&1 ?r\gh ,ross & ,cai?ness1 & return$ by way ( ,ab]de5 to ,ed9burgh1 & he /udi$ ! m9]alogy & geology ( ! di/ricts4 ,return+ home1 he /ill w5t on f>m+1 & at ! same "t he became a p>tn] ) 8 fri5d ,davie 9 a manufactory ( ammonia4 ,by ! ye> #agfh1 be+ =ty-two ye>s ( age1 ,hutton _h matur$ 8 plans2 he let 8 f>m at a v advantage\s r5t1 &1 untr\bl$ ab\t 8 affairs1 hav+ 8 ?ree si/]s z 8 companions1 he w5t to ,ed9burgh1 & ent]$ ! s+ul>ly int]e/+ sci5tific society ( t "t4 ,8 biograph]1 ,playfair1 writes t ,hutton1 8employ$ 9 matur+ 8 views & /udy+ nature ) unwe>i$ application1 n[ pass$ 8 "t mo/ usefully & agreeably to himself1 b 9 sil5ce & obscurity ) respect to ! _w40 8,free f ! int]ruption ( pr(essional avocations1 he enjoy$ ! entire comm& ( 8 own "t1 & _h suffici5t en]gy ( m9d to af=d himself cont9ual occupation40 ,a good deal ( 8 leisure 0 n[ employ$ 9 ! prosecution ( *emical exp]im5ts4 ,9 "o ( ^! he made an int]e/+ discov]y :i* relates to ! *anges t g on 9 app>5tly mo/ un*angeable rocks1 & :i* are due to ! action ( p]colat+ wat] on !m4 ,he notic$ t 9 ! mid/ ( d5se masses ( h>d1 cold1 volcanic rock1 call$ basalt1 cry/als ( great beauty are f\nd 9 cavities4 ,!y c be fus$ "u ! bl[pipe easily1 & t is n ! case ) ! surr\nd+ rock4 ,on add+ hydro*loric acid to "o ( ^! zeolites1 z !y are call$1 a gelat9\s sub/ance is =m$ out ( ! cry/al1 & on evaporation1 sea salt or *loride ( sodium is f\nd4 8,?is 0 ! fir/ in/ance10 writes 8 biograph]1 ,playfair1 8( an alkali be+ f\nd 9 a /ony body40 ,he w5t to ,*e%ire to see ! salt m9es1 w5t to ,birm+ham1 & !n set out = ,wales4 ,8 desire 0 to trace ! h>d gravel ( granul> qu>tz :i* is f\nd 9 su* abundance 9 ! soil ab\t ,birm+ham & else:]e1 to its orig91 & to f9d out :5ce x came & h[ x 0 di/ribut$4 ,he f\nd none ( ! rock 9 ,wales2 b on return+ he f\nd x 9 places1 9 a body ( old rocks :i* /& out ( ! c\ntry betwe5 ,bromsgrove & ,birm+ham4 ,!n ,hutton wrote a little book on ! 8,nature1 ,quality1 & ,di/9ction ( ,culm & ,coal40 ,! result 0 m economical ?an sci5tific1 = x l$ to ! abolition ( a duty on ! small coal ( ,scotl&4 ,he read h>d1 & e book on travels :i* ref]r$ to physical geography 0 c>efully /udi$1 s t at la/ no man ( ! age 0 s fit to deal ) ! great problem he _h be5 revolv+ 9 8 m9d = ?irty ye>s4 ,all 8 /udies ( nature1 all 8 exam9ations ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 7 ) a view ( asc]ta9+ ! *anges t h tak5 place on its surface1 & ( discov]+ ! causes by :i* !y h be5 produc$4 ,he 0 impress$ ) ! belief t ! =m] *anges 9 ! e>?'s surface h be5 ( ! same k9d z ^? n[ 9 progress2 t ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>? c\ld only be /udi$ by tak+ ! example ( mod]n *anges1 & t ! pa/ c\ld be /udi$ f ! pres5t1 because !re 0 uni=mity & con/ancy & law 9 nature4 ,! same en]gies & =ces h always be5 & h act$ by law 9 mu* ! same mann] z at ! pres5t "t4 ,) 8 true sci5tific _s ,hutton w\ld h no?+ to d ) convulsions or ) ! orig9 ( ! globe2 he did n want to guess or speculate1 b to argue logically on facts :i* anybody c\ld obs]ve4 ,he took geology out ( ! age ( ! m>vell\s & laid ! f\ndations ( ! pres5t aspect ( ! sci5ce4 ,he 0 9 no hurry to publi% 8 views1 possibly because 8 temp]am5t 0 cauti\s1 & possibly he 0 aw>e :at a furi\s fuss !re w\ld be made ab\t x2 h[ he w\ld be abus$1 scold$1 & ana!matiz$4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! lights ( ! age & public op9ion 7 p]fectly incompet5t to judge ! m]its ( su* a !ory2 !y 7 sunk5 9 prejudices1 & resi/$ any *ange ( op9ion4 ,he 0 aw>e t a great outcry w\ld be made by m5 ^: religi\s op9ions 7 8 own1 & :om he respect$ greatly4 ,9 fact1 ! _w1 j be=e ! appe>ance ( ,hutton's 8,!ory ( ! ,e>?10 0 less prep>$ = x ?an ord9>y op9ion 0 = ! doctr9es ( ,*>les ,d>w9 "o hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,! appe>ance ( ! "w ( ?is la/ great naturali/ made1 & is /ill mak+1 a great /ir1 b t ( ,hutton's "w 0 receiv$1 z he anticipat$1 ) incr$ible opposition1 by ! tea*]s ( ! day2 & its sl[ acceptation by ! sci5tific _w 0 rem>kable4 ,no abuse c\ld efface its effects2 x 0 true1 & ! true alone la/s2 x 0 reasonable1 & x 0 to ! glory ( ,god4 ,9 ?is book1 geology 01 = ! fir/ "t1 decl>$ to be 9 no way conc]n$ ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,x 0 ! fir/ 9 :i* an attempt 0 made to disp5se entirely ) all hypo!tical causes1 & to expla9 ! =m] *anges ( ! e>?'s cru/ by ref]5ce exclusively to su* natural ag5ts z /ill exi/4 ,hutton lab\r$ to give fix$ pr9ciples to geology1 z ,newton _h succe$$ 9 do+ to a/ronomy4 ,he wrote3 8,! ru9s ( an old] _w are visible 9 ! pres5t /ructure ( our planet1 & ! /rata :i* n[ compose our cont95ts1 h be5 once b5ea? ! sea1 & 7 =m$ out ( ! wa/e ( pre-exi/+ cont95ts4 ,! same =ces are /ill de/roy+1 by *emical decomposition or me*anical viol5ce1 ev5 ! h>de/ rocks1 transport+ ! mat]ials to ! sea1 :]e !y are spread out & =m /rata analog\s to ^? ( m anci5t date4 ,al?\gh loosely deposit$ along ! bottom ( ! ocean1 !y become aft]w>ds alt]$ & consolidat$ by volcanic heat1 & !n turn$ up1 fractur$1 & contort$40 ,he %[$ t _m h>d cry/all9e rocks1 su* z basalt1 7 ( igne\s orig91 & t "s ( !m _h be5 inject$ 9 a melt$ /ate ?r\gh fissures 9 ! old] /rata4 ,he prov$1 by exam9+ ,gl5 ,tilt1 t granite 0 once 9 a /ate ( fusion1 & _h cool$4 ,he wrote3 8,9 ! economy ( ! _w ,i c f9d no traces ( a beg9n+1 no prospect ( an end10 a decl>ation all ! m />tl+ :5 c\pl$ ) ! doctr9e t all *anges on ! globe _h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! sl[ ag5cy ( exi/+ causes4 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 writ+ on ?is1 /at$1 8,! imag9ation 0 fir/ fatigu$ & ov]p[]$ by endeav\r+ to conceive ! imm5sity ( "t requir$ = ! annihilation ( :ole cont95ts by s ins5sible a process2 & :5 ! ?\ghts _h w&]$ ?r\gh ^! int]m$iate p]iods1 no re/+ place 0 assign$ 9 ! remote/ di/ance4 ,! olde/ rocks 7 repres5t$ to be ( a d]ivative nature1 ! la/ ( an antec$5t s]ies1 & t1 p]haps1 ( "o ( _m pre-exi/+ worlds40 ,mo/ unfairly 0 ,hutton attack$1 & he 0 ?us def5d$ by 8 fri5d ,playfair3 8,9 ! planet>y motions1 :]e geometry has c>ri$ ! eye s f>1 bo? into ! future & ! pa/1 we discov] no m>k ei!r ( ! comm5cem5t or t]m9ation ( ! pres5t ord]4 ,x is unreasonable1 inde$1 to suppose t su* m>ks %\ld any:]e exi/4 ,! ,au?or ( nature has n giv5 laws to ! univ]se1 :i*1 l ! con/itutions ( m51 c>ry 9 !mselves ! elem5ts ( _! own de/ruction4 ,he has n p]mitt$ 9 8 works any symptom ( infancy or ( old age1 or any sign by :i* we may e/imate ei!r _! future or _! pa/ duration4 ,he may put an end1 z ,he no d\bt gave a beg9n+1 to ! pres5t sy/em at "s det]m9ate p]iod ( "t2 b we may re/ assur$ t ?is great cata/rophe w n be br\ght ab\t by ! laws n[ exi/+1 & t x w n be indicat$ by any?+ :i* we p]ceive40 ,hutton /udi$ meteorology1 & gave to ! _w ! fir/ reasonable !ory ( ! cause ( ra94 ,he describ$ ! =mation ( invisible vap\r by evaporation1 ! production ( visible mi/ & cl\d1 & f9ally ra94 ,& he inve/igat$ ! reasons ( ! cause ( ra9falls diff]+ 9 am\nt 9 ! tropics & temp]ate zones ( ! e>?4 ,9 #agic s]i\s illness attack$ ,hutton aft] he _h be5 writ+ 8 speculations reg>d+ matt]4 ,on 8 recov]y he republi%$ 8 "w on ! 8,!ory ( ! ,e>?10 & repli$ to _m ( ! attacks ^u x1 & lat] on wrote a "w :i* 0 n publi%$ 9 ! 8,elem5ts ( ,agriculture40 ,illness aga9 seiz$ him1 & he di$ 9 #agig4 ,hutton 0 su* an obs]v] ( facts t he r>ely read any books ( a !oretical nature1 & he nev] w\ld conc$e any?+ to m]e au?ority4 ,he 0 indefatigable 9 /udy1 & wrote l>gely1 express+ 8 ?\ghts con/antly ) 8 p54 ,he rose late1 & began to /udy at once1 & until e>ly d9n]4 ,he r>ely d9$ f home1 & 0 a mo/ sp>+ eat]1 & he drank no w9e4 ,aft] d9n] he resum$ 8 /udies1 or1 if ! wea!r 0 f9e1 walk$ = two or ?ree h\rs1 :5 he c\ld n be said to give up /udy1 ?\gh he might1 p]haps1 *ange ! object ( x4 ,he r>ely dep>t$ f ?is k9d ( life1 except :5 he 0 travell+4 ,to 8 fri5ds 8 conv]sation 0 ine/imable2 z great tal5ts1 ! mo/ p]fect c&\r1 & ! utmo/ simplicity ( "* & mann]s1 all unit$ to /amp a value ^u x4 ,8 sl5d]1 active figure1 ?9 c\nt5ance1 high =ehead1 & some:at aquil9e nose1 gave him ! appe>ance ( be+ acute & vigor\s 9 body & m9d4 ,he 0 full ( ard\r & en?usiasm1 gay & humor\s1 & mo/ =cible 9 argum5t4 ,! man's simplicity1 det]m9ation1 & desire = tru?1 8 c>elessness ( ! op9ion ( m51 & 8 great reg>d = 8 fell[ lab\r]s :o 7 n l$ away by prejudice & au?ority1 7 8 great *>act]i/ics4 ,hutton f\nd$ geology z a logical sci5ce2 & al?\gh he 0 ignorant ( ! succession ( ! =ms ( life on ! globe1 yet 8 me?od ( /udy+ ! pa/ f ! pres5t has be51 & /ill is us$ z ! way 9 :i* ! ext9ct animals & plants c be compreh5d$ 9 ! s*eme ( nature4 ,hutton's works 7 c>efully /udi$ by1 & 9 aft] ye>s !y 7 ! ma9spr+ ( ! toil ( ,lyell4 ,!re is a v int]e/+ notice ( ! life ( ?is great man 9 ! 8,encyclopdia ,britannica10 by ,pr(essor ,geikie1 & 9 an essay by ,playfair 9 ! 8,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh0 to :i* ! au?or ( ?is memoir is indebt$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,william ,,smi?4 ,! succession ( ! /rata recogniz$--,/rata kn[n by _! fossils1 position1 & m9]al cont5ts--,engl& survey$ by ,smi? & made ! type ( ! results ( ! succession ( *anges /udi$ by geology4 ,! ance/ors ( ,william ,smi? 7 a race ( f>m]s :o own$ small tracts ( l&1 & _h be5 settl$ 9 ,ox=d%ire & ,gl\ce/]%ire = _m g5]ations4 ,william ,smi? 0 born at ,*ur*ill1 a village 9 ,ox=d%ire1 on ! #bcrd ( ,m>*1 #agfi1 ! ye> :i* gave bir? to ,cuvi]4 ,( 8 p>5ts he always spoke ) great reg>d1 b !re is little 9 ! recollections :i* he has pres]v$ ( !m1 to %[ 9 :at degree !y contribut$ to =m 8 rem>kable "*4 ,8 fa!r he describ$ z 8a v +5i\s me*anic10 & m5tions z ! cause ( 8 dea? a sev]e cold caught :ile engag$ 9 ! erection ( "s ma*9]y4 ,depriv$ ( ?is p>5t be=e he 0 eight ye>s old1 x 0 =tunate = him t 8 "m 0 a woman ( ability1 ( g5tle & *>itable disposition1 & att5tive to ! education ( h] *ildr54 ,an expressive p5cil sket* & a *>act]i/ic description1 bo? f memory1 record 8 devotion to 8 "m4 ,accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 h[ev]1 n only 7 ! means ( 8 in/ruction at ! village s*ool v limit$1 b !y 7 9 "s degree int]f]$ ) by 8 own w&]+ & mus+ habits4 ,! rural games 9 ^? 8m]rie daies0 ( ,engl& might sometimes attract ! wayw>d & comp>atively unre/ra9$ s*ol> f 8 books2 b he 0 m frequ5tly le>n+ ( ano!r mi/ress1 & =m+1 = aft]-life1 a habit ( close & curi\s contemplation ( nature4 ,aft] 8 fa!r's dea? & 8 "m's second m>riage1 ! p]son to :om he 0 pr9cipally to look up to = protection1 0 8 fa!r's elde/ bro!r1 to a portion ( ^: prop]ty he 0 heir4 ,f ?is k9sman1 :o 0 b little pleas$ ) 8 nephew's love ( collect+ ! 8pundibs0#b & 8p\nd/ones10 or 8quoit/ones10#c & _h no sympa?ies ) 8 fancies ( c>v+ sun-dials on ! s(t br[n 8ov5-/one0#d ( ! neighb\rhood1 he ) great difficulty wrung1 by repeat$ entreaty1 money = ! pur*ase ( a few books fit to in/ruct a boy 9 ! rudim5ts ( geometry & survey+4 ,b ! practical f>m] 0 bett] satisfi$ :5 ! y\? manife/$ an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! processes ( dra9+ & improv+ l&2 & !re is no d\bt t "y ,william pr(it$ 9 aft]-life by ! exp]i5ce1 if x may be s call$1 :i* he ga!r$ 9 8 boyhood :ile accompany+ 8 relative 78old ,william07 ov] 8 l&s at ,ov] ,norton4 ,:atev] he saw1 0 rememb]$ = ev]4 ,to ! late/ h\rs ( life he reta9$ a cle> & complete recollection ( almo/ e ev5t ( 8 boyhood & (t5 int]e/$ "y & old by 8 vivid pictures ( :at he _h se5 :5 a *ild4 ,^! notices w\ld be swell$ to an unreasonable degree by introduc+ ! pleasant /ories ( 8! n>rative old man20 b ! foll[+ recollections1 writt5 9 8 sev5tie? ye>1 ( ev5ts :i* _h pass$ fifty-six ye>s be=e1 are wor? pres]v+ z evid5ce ( ?is peculi> circum/antiality ( memory4 8,i 0 e>ly a tall & /rong-gr[n boy1 & 9 my way to ,london1 betwe5 twelve & ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 ,i p>ticul>ly notic$ ! great "w ( cutt+ d[n ! *alk hill at ,h5ley-^u-,?ames1 & h[ ! load$ c>riages on an incl9$ plane 7 made to br+ up ! empty ones4 8,i 0 9 ,london %ortly aft] ! riots ( ,"l ,george ,gordon2 & at ! "t :5 news ( ,rodney's defeat ( ! ,fr5* fleet arriv$4 8,!re 0 !n a halfp5ny toll = foot-p]sons pass+ ov] ,blackfri>s ,bridge2 ! ,albion ,mills 7work$ by /eam p[]7 _h j be=e be5 burnt d[n4 8,crim9als 7 hang$ at ,tyburn1 :]e !re 7 c[-h\ses ) wood seats on top = p]sons to see ! executions4 8,f ,man*e/] ,squ>e to ! ,edgew>e ,road & ,padd+ton1 !re 7 footpa?s entirely across op5 fields4 ,! build+s on ! side ( ! squ>e 7 unf9i%$2 b1 z m connect$ ) :at relates to ! e>?1 ,i saw h[ ! gr\nd 0 made 9 ,man*e/] ,squ>e1 = a poor fell[1 9 turn+ 8 c>tload ( slu%1 _h let 8 horse & c>t slip d[n1 s t he 0 up to 8 middle 9 mud1 endeav\r+ to extricate 8 horse j z ,i pass$ by4 ,?is 0 on ! ea/ side ( ! squ>e40 ,9 #aghc1 & f ?is "t to #aghg1 ! "y man1 )\t in/ruction or sympa?y1 prosecut$ irregul>ly1 b ) ard\r & success1 ! /udies to :i* 8 m9d 0 awak5$4 ,he began to draw1 attempt$ to col\r1 became tol]ably v]s$ 9 ! geometry & calculations !n ?\ght suffici5t = eng9e]s & surveyors1 & by ^! acquirem5ts1 at ! age ( eighte51 s /rongly recomm5d$ himself to ,mr4 ,edw>d ,webb1 ( ,/[-on-!-,wold1 :o _h be5 invit$ to make a complete survey ( ! p>i% ( ,*ur*ill1 = ! purpose ( enclosure1 t he became assi/ant to t mo/ able & excell5t man1 & 0 tak5 into 8 family4 ,?is 0 ! critical mom5t2 f ?is ev5t fl[$ all ! curr5t ( 8 useful life1 & to ! same orig9 may be ascrib$ _m ( ! peculi> habits & feel+s1 ! contra/$ lights & %ades1 :i* div]sifi$ 8 "*4 ,edw>d ,webb 01 l 8 pupil1 self-taught1 & v slightly acqua9t$ ) languages & g5]al lit]ature1 b possess$ ( great +5uity & skill 9 me*anics1 m5suration1 log>i?ms1 algebra & fluxions4 ,8 practice z a surveyor includ$ _m ?+s n[ conc$$ to ! eng9e]1 su* z ! det]m9ation ( ! =ces ( wat]1 & plann+ ma*9]y4 ,8 in/rum5ts 7 commonly inv5t$1 (t5 made & divid$ by himself2 peculi> p5tagraphs1 !odolites1 scales1 & ev5 compasses & field books1 ( new con/ruction enri*$ ! (fice at ,/[1 & /imulat$ ! "y m5 :o 7 =tunate en\gh to be plac$ 9 x1 to ?\ght & ex]tion4 8,i admir$10 says ! subject ( ?is memoir1 8! tal5t ( my ma/]1 8 placid & ev] unruffl$ temp]1 & 8 will+ness to let me get on1 = ,i requir$ no tea*+40 ,spe$ily entru/$ ) ! managem5t ( all ! ord9>y bus9ess ( a surveyor1 ,mr4 ,smi? trav]s$1 9 cont9ual activity1 ! oolitic l&s ( ,ox=d%ire & ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ! lias clays & r$ m>ls ( ,w>wick%ire2 visit$ 7#aghh7 ! ,salp]ton tunnel on ! ,?ames & ,sev]n ,canal1 & 7#agij7 exam9$ ! soils & circum/ances connect$ ) a bor+ = coal 9 ! ,new ,=e/1 opposite ! ,%oe aleh\se at ,plait=d4 ,all ! v>ieties ( soil1 9 s _m surveys 9 diff]5t di/ricts1 7 p>ticul>ly notic$1 & comp>$ ) ! g5]al aspect & "* ( ! c\ntry1 & ! agricultural & comm]cial appropriations4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! lias lime/one b$s 9 ,w>wick%ire contra/$ ) ! neighb\r+ r$ m>ls at ,inkbor\gh1 ! bor+ = coal 9 "s d>k lias clays on ! road to ,w>wick1 ! abs5ce ( ar5ace\s b$s f ! lime/ones ( ,*ur*ill--^! 7 "s ( ! po9ts treasur$ 9 a m9d capable ( comb9+ !m at a future "t4 ,9 #agic we f9d him engag$ 9 execut+ surveys & complete sy/ems ( levell+1 = ! l9e ( a propos$ canal4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! op]ations :i* he p]=m$ 9 ! summ] & autumn1 a speculation :i* _h come into 8 m9d reg>d+ a g5]al law affect+ ! /rata ( ! di/rict1 0 submitt$ to pro( & confirm$4 ,he _h suppos$ t ! /rata ly+ above ! coal 7 n laid horizontally1 b incl9$2 t !y 7 all incl9$ 9 "o direction1 viz41 ! ea/w>d1 s z to successively t]m9ate at ! surface1 & ?us to 8resemble1 on a l>ge scale1 ! ord9>y appe>ance ( sup]pos$ slices ( bread & butt]40 ,?is supposition 0 n[ prov$ to be correct by ! levell+ processes execut$ 9 two p>allel valleys1 = 9 ea* ( ! levell$ l9es ! /rata ( 8r$ gr\nd10 8lias10 & 8free/one0 7aft]w>ds call$ 8oolite071 came d[n 9 an ea/]n direction & sunk bel[ ! level1 & yield$ place to ! next 9 succession4 ,b at ! same "t x 0 kn[n to ,mr4 ,smi? t ! position ( ! /rata ( coal 9 ,som]set%ire 0 n g5]ally con=m$ to t ( ! 8r$ e>?0 8lias10 & o!r b$s above2 ! same ?+ 0 prov$ to him by an inspection ( ! colli]y at ,buckle*ur*1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire2 he knew besides t ! great faults :i* divide all ! coal /rata und]gr\nd1 7 9 g5]al f\nd n to divide any ( ! sup]9cumb5t rocks :i* =m$ ! surface4 ,geologi/s :o1 at ! pres5t "t1 not)/&+ ! devot$ att5tion :i* has be5 paid to ! ph5om5a ( local displacem5t1 f9d a difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! causes1 may imag9e ! p]plexity 9 ! m9d ( a discov]]4 ,mr4 ,smi? felt ?is p]plexity sev]ely1 b n long4 ,! ,canal ,bill1 on :i* he 0 engag$1 receiv$ ! sanction ( ,p>liam5t 9 #agid2 & "o ( ! fir/ /eps tak5 by ! judici\s committee ( managem5t 0 to depute two memb]s ( _! body to accompany ,mr4 ,smi?1 8_! eng9e]10 on a t\r ( inquiry & obs]vation reg>d+ ! con/ruction1 managem5t1 & trade ( o!r navigations 9 ,engl& & ,wales4 ,! t\r ext5d$ altoge!r n9e hundr$ miles1 & occupi$ betwe5 "o & two mon?s2 by "o r\te ! p>ty rea*$ ,newca/le1 & by ano!r return$1 ?r\gh ,%rop%ire & ,wales to ,ba?4 ,mr4 ,palm] & ,mr4 ,p]k9s 7 g5tlem5 well acqua9t$ ) coal-work+1 & !y will+ly /ay$ to inspect e new inv5tion appli$ to canals & colli]ies2 b ,mr4 ,smi?'s treasur$ object ( consid]ation on ! road1 t :i* occupi$ all 8 ?\ghts 9 ! int]vals ( pr(essional inquiries1 0 ! aspect & /ructure ( ! c\ntry pass$ ?r\gh1 9 ord] to det]m9e if 8 preconceiv$ g5]alizations ( a settl$ ord] ( succession1 cont9uity ( range at ! surface1 & g5]al decl9ation ea/w>d1 7 true on a l>ge scale4 ,x is ne$less n[ to say t 8 g5]al views 7 ju/ifi$2 he f\nd ! /rata f ! vic9ity ( ,ba? & ,bri/ol prolong$ into ! nor? ( ,engl&1 9 ! same g5]al ord] ( succession ) ! g5]al ea/w>d dip4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o "p ( ! conclusions adopt$ 9 ?is rapid survey f a po/*aise1 :i* m]its p>ticul> att5tion4 ,he pass$ ?r\gh ,york on ! high road to ,newca/le1 & saw at a di/ance ( f five to fifte5 miles to ! ea/ ! hills ( *alk & oolite4 ,he 0 satisfi$ ( _! nature by _! cont\rs & relative position1 & by _! position on ! surface 9 relation to ! lias & 8r$ gr\nd0 occasionally se5 on ! road4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ! only au?ority he c\ld rely ^u = draw+1 9 #ahjj1 ! cont9uations ( ! *alk ( ,wilt%ire1 & ! oolite ( ,som]set%ire1 ?r\gh ! ea/]n p>ts ( ,york%ire1 b he drew !m ) a consid]able approximation to accuracy4 ,engag$ = six ye>s 9 sett+ out & sup]9t5d+ ! works on ! ,som]set%ire ,coal ,canal1 ,mr4 ,smi? f\nd b few opportunities ( mak+ kn[n to sci5tific p]sons1 ! peculi> g5]alizations :i* _h tak5 possession ( 8 m9d4 ,b 9 ! execution ( ^! works he 0 putt+ 8 ?\ghts into practice1 in=m+ ! contractors :at w\ld be ! nature ( ! gr\nd to be cut ?r\gh1 :at p>ts ( ! canal w\ld require unusual c>e to be kept wat]-tight1 :at 0 ! mo/ advantage\s sy/em ( "w4 ,ano!r s+ul> advantage att5d$ ?is engagem5t4 ,! notions :i* up to ?is "t he _h obta9$ reg>d+ ! di/ribution ( organic rema9s 7 comp>atively vague4 ,he f\nd peculi> plants 9 ! 8clift0 above ! coal1 p>ticul> %ells 9 ! lias & oolites1 b none 9 ! r$ gr\nd1 & he _h comb9$ ^! simple facts s f> z to see t 8ea* /ratum _h be5 successively ! b$ ( ! sea1 & conta9$ 9 x ! m9]aliz$ monum5ts ( ! races ( organic be+s !n 9 exi/5ce40 ,b x 0 ! necessity ( possess+ an accurate k ( ! diff]5t sorts ( rock1 s&1 & clay1 :i* 7 to be cut ?r\gh on ! l9e ( ! canal1 :i* l$ him to exam9e m9utely & scrupul\sly into ! di/ribution ( ! 8fossils0 :i* he _h be5 9 ! habit ( collect+4 ,! result 0 a proposition :i* he prov$ to be locally true1 & ( practical value1 & :i* has n[ a _w-wide application1 8t ea* /ratum conta9$ organiz$ fossils peculi> to itself1 & might1 9 cases o!rwise d\btful1 be recogniz$ & discrim9at$ f o!rs l x1 b 9 a diff]5t "p ( ! s]ies1 by exam9ation ( !m40 ,9 o!r words1 he discov]$ t /rata are to be recogniz$ by _! fossils4 ,he n[ rem>k$ also ! contra/ betwe5 ! r\nd$ /ate & mix$ condition ( ! fossils :i* lay 9 gravel deposits & ! %>ply pres]v$ specim5s ly+ 9 natural associations 9 ! /rata1 & ?us acquir$ a notion ( ! di/9ction betwe5 :at 7 aft]w>ds nam$ diluvial & /ratifi$ deposits4 ,! possessor ( all ^! g5]alizations1 n[ 7#agie7 tw5ty-six ye>s ( age1 0 /ill %r\d$ 9 ! obscure village ( ,high ,littleton1 b 9 ?is ye> he remov$ to ,ba?1 & took up 8 abode 9 ! c5tral h\se ( a %ort range ( build+s call$ ! ,cottage ,cresc5t1 :i* occupi$ a picturesque & elevat$ site s\? ( t city4 8,f ?is po9t10 says he1 8! eye rov$ anxi\sly ov] ! int]e/+ expanse :i* ext5d$ be=e me to ! ,sug>-loaf m\nta9 9 ,monm\?%ire1 & embrac$ all 9 ! vic9ities ( ,ba? & ,bri/ol4 ,!n did a ?\s& ?\ghts occur to me1 respect+ ! geology ( t & adjac5t di/ricts cont9ually "u my eye1 :i* h nev] be5 r$uc$ to writ+40 ,he cont9u$ to direct all ! op]ations on ! ,som]set ,coal ,canal1 & v copi\s note-books atte/ ! con/ancy & exactitude ( 8 att5tion to t occupation4 ,to ?is cause1 inde$1 may be ascrib$ ! extreme r>ity ( any essays1 or ev5 memor&a1 f :i* ! progress ( 8 geological /udies c be ga!r$4 ,t 9 ,janu>y1 #agif1 he _h begun to commit 8 ?\ghts to pap]1 9 a lucid arrangem5t = publication1 ! writt5 pro(s rema94 ,9 #agig he drew a l>g] g5]al plan = su* a "w2 b n till #agii1 aft] 8 engagem5t ceas$ ) ! ,coal ,canal ,company1 did he make public 8 int5tion to compose a g5]al "w on ! /ratification ( ,brita91 or ent] on ! prosecution ( an actual survey ( ! geological /ructure ( ! :ole ( ,engl& & ,wales4 ,9 ! execution ( ! canal1 ,mr4 ,smi? _h f\nd ! means ( apply+ 8 newly acquir$ k to useful practical problems1 su* z h[ to draw ! l9e ?r\gh a c\ntry full ( por\s rocks1 s z be/ to reta9 ! limit$ supplies ( wat] :i* frequ5t mills left to ! navigation1 :]e to place bridges on a good f\ndation1 h[ to int]cept & conduct ! spr+s1 & :]e to op5 qu>ries ( prop] /one4 ,we f9d him also engag$1 z e>ly z #agif1 9 ! %ort int]vals :i* c\ld be snat*$ f ! ma9 bus9ess be=e him1 9 putt+ to practical pro( 8 !oretical views ( ! e>?'s /ructure & ! prop]ties ( ! mix$ calc>e\s & argillace\s /rata 9 ! hills ne> ,ba?1 by a new & successful process ( l&-dra9+4 ,! e>lie/ connect$ rem>ks :i* h be5 f\nd1 be> ! date ( ,janu>y1 #agif1 & relate to organic rema9s & _! di/ribution 9 ! diff]5t /rata4 ,! vic9ity ( ,ba? is ri* 9 fossils1 & f9e collections 7 =m$ !re previ\s to ,mr4 ,smi?'s rese>*es4 ,x might be aft] inspect+ "s ( ^! treasures1 ^: full value 0 s entirely unkn[n to _! own]s1 t ! foll[+ reflections1 :i* /rik+ly illu/rate ! enl>g$ /ate ( 8 own views at t p]iod1 7 p5n$3-- 8,dunk]ton1 ,swan1 ,jan4 #e1 #agif4 8,fossils h be5 long /udi$ z great curiosities1 collect$ ) great pa9s1 treasur$ ) great & at a great exp5se1 & %[n & admir$ ) z mu* pleasure z a *ild's hobby-horse is %[n & admir$ by himself & 8 playfell[s1 because x is pretty2 & ?is has be5 done by ?\s&s :o h nev] paid ! lea/ reg>d to t wond]ful ord] & regul>ity ) :i* nature has dispos$ ( ^! s+ul> productions1 & assign$ to ea* class its peculi> /ratum40 ,gift$ 9 a v uncommon degree ) t philosophical fai? 9 ! g5]ality & h>mony ( natural laws :i* is a *>act]i/ic ( discov]ies 9 natural sci5ce1 ,mr4 ,smi? 0 at ! same "t rem>kably dis9cl9$ to indulge 9 himself1 or ev5 to tol]ate 9 o!rs1 m]e speculations 9 geology4 ,:atev] ( ?is nature he f\nd 9 ! circle ( 8 read+1 0 sev]ely judg$ by a close collocation ( ! hypo!sis :i* _h be5 advanc$ ) ! ph5om5a ( /ratification :i* he _h entirely e/abli%$4 ,^! judgm5ts might be errone\s 9 cases :i* requir$ ! k ( o!r data1 n !n collect$1 = a true & g5]al solution2 b ! v unreasonabl5ess ( rais+ ! /&>d ( 8 own discov]ies 9 a limit$ region1 = condemn+ a speculation p]haps f\nd$ on o!r tru?s occurr+ else:]e1 %[s h[ firmly ^! discov]ies1 & ! influ5ces belong+ to !m1 7 e/abli%$ & =tifi$ 9 8 m9d4 ,! foll[+ passage1 writt5 9 ,janu>y1 #agif1 might h be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! au?or to conta9 8 real op9ions =ty ye>s lat]3-- 8,!re=e e man ( prud5ce & obs]vation :o has paid ! /ricte/ att5tion to m9]alogy1 ! /ructure ( ! e>?1 & ! *anges x has und]gone1 w be v cauti\s h[ he sets ab\t to inv5t a sy/em :i* nature _c con=m to )\t hav+ rec\rse to subt]rane\s fires1 volcanic eruptions1 or uncommon convulsions1 by :i* e hill & dale mu/ h be5 =m$ & e rock mu/ h be5 r5t to =m ^? *asms1 :i*1 9 comp>ison to ! /rata !y are f\nd 91 are no m ?an sun-cracks 9 a clod ( clay2 yet su* has be5 ! language ( +5i\s m51 :o h set _! !oretical worlds a-go+ )\t ei!r too? or p9ion ( nature's me*anism belong+ to !m40 ,9 ,octob] & ,novemb] ( ?is ye> 7#agif71 we f9d him return+ to ! contemplation ( organic rema9s2 discuss+ ! circum/ances :i* att5d ! sp>ry sub/ance occupy+ ! place ( ! %ell1 :i* has be5 remov$1 9 ! lias1 & ! empty cavity1 :]e ! %ell 01 surr\nd+ a loose /ony ca/ ( ! int]ior1 9 ! free/one 7oolite74 ,t 8 m9d 0 n[ actively employ$ 9 trac+ out ! be>+s ( ! ext5sive subject be=e him1 w be evid5t f ! foll[+ extract1 dat$ ,augu/1 #agig3-- 8,locality ( plants1 insects1 birds1 etc41 arises f ! nature ( ! /rata4 8,:]e art has n div]t$ ! ord] ( ?+s & nature is left to h]self1 a consid]able locality may be obs]v$ 9 _m animals & vegetables z well z m9]al productions1 by :i* !y evid5tly atta*$ to p>ticul> soils to su* a degree t1 if ?is subject 7 /udi$ ) att5tion1 x w\ld =m "o ( ! pr9cipal ext]nal *>act]i/ics ( ! /rata und]nea?4 ,?\gh x may seem my/]i\s to "s1 t birds1 bea/s1 insects1 etc41 :i* h ! lib]ty ( rov+ at pleasure1 %\ld feel any p>ticul> atta*m5t = ?is or t soil1 yet ! wond] ceases :5 we consid] h[ ! *a9 ( natural ?+s is l9k$ toge!r1 & h[ ^! creatures are taught to cull _! food f insects t are lodg$ 91 or se$s t are produc$ f1 p>ticul> plants t gr[ ^u p>ticul> soils40 ,smi? _h se5 lay]s ( lime/one cr[d$ ) %ells succe$$ by o!rs conta9+ corals4 ,he f\nd ammonites & oy/]s 9 "s1 & insect rema9s 9 o!rs1 & 8 speculations assum$ ! curi\s phase ( ! s5t5ces j notic$4 ,b he soon became aw>e t accid5t _h mu* to d ) ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 organic rema9s 9 /rata1 & t1 :il/ "s fossils1 l corals1 once liv$ :]e !y are n[ pres]v$ 9 /rata1 o!rs 7 c>ri$ !re z ! deposit collect$4 ,a manuscript1 dat$ ,decemb] #b1 #agif1 ,dunk]ton1 ,swan ,inn1 head$ 8,/rata 9 g5]al1 & _! position10 & evid5tly int5d$ = publication1 comm5ces ?us3-- 8,! /rata be+ f\nd z regul> on "o side ( a rivulet1 riv]1 deep valley or *annel z on ! o!r1 ov] an ext5t ( _m miles1 :5 prop] all[ance is made = ! incl9ation1 & = ! v>iation ( ! surface1 is x n reasonable to suppose t ! same /rata may be f\nd z regul> on "o side ( ! sea or ocean z on opposite sides ( a deep valley ^u l&1 & if s1 & ! cont9uation ( ! /rata is g5]al1 :at is _! g5]al direction or drift8 ,is x 9 /raight l9es f pole to pole1 or 9 curv$ l9es surr\nd+ ! globe regul>ly incl9$ to ! ea/80 ,aft] h9t+ at a g5]al cause = su* an assum$ regul>ity1 he adds1 8,b all !ories are be/ built on practical rules1 :i* w enable any "o to make su* obs]vations = himself z mu/ c>ry conviction along ) !m2 = a "w s novel z ?is mu/ expect to f9d "s :o w h>dly believe :at is pla9 to be se52 = all m5 d n see alike1 nor c pati5tly trudge ?r\gh ! dirt to se>* = tru? among ! /ubborn rocks :]e nature has be/ display$ h]4444 ,%all1 !re=e1 describe a numb] ( qu>ries1 cliffs1 etc41 at a great di/ance1 etc4 ,see ,book----0 ,9 :at seems to be ! cont9uation ( ?is pap]1 we see ! pr$om9ant desire ( ! au?or to e/abli% ! c]ta9ty & g5]ality ( ! incl9ation ( /rata1 :i* he _h prov$ on a limit$ scale ne> ,ba?4 8,if ! /rata lay horizontal1 e "p ( ! sea-%ore w\ld pres5t ! same b$s at ! wat] edge in/ead ( t wond]ful v>iety :i* is f\nd on ! coa/ & banks ( e riv] & rivulet 9 ! k+dom1 especially ^? t run 9 an ea/ & we/ direction1 or ne>ly s4 ,9 su* situations ! "y m9]alogi/ may soon be conv9c$ ( t wond]ful regul>ity :i* nature has adopt$1 especially if ! %ores are rocky2 he w !re f9d t1 indep5d5t ( p>tial & local dips :i* appe> 9 diff]5t qu>ries ( ! same /one1 ! outl9es1 or top & bottom lay]s ( ea* complete /ratum or class ( /ones or e>?1 consid]$ z a mass1 h a g5]al t5d5cy t[>ds ! ea/]n horizon40 ,by ! t]m 8dip0 is meant ! incl9ation t /rata make ) ! horizon4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,smi? con/antly br\ght =w>d 8 well work$ out fact t ! /rata ( ,engl& dip f we/ to ea/ m or less4 ,! olde/ /rata come to ! surface 9 ,wales & ! lake di/ricts1 & because !y 7 upheav$ ! new] /rata 7 tilt$ & curv$1 & ! slope is to ! ea/4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #agih1 we f9d z "p ( ! introduction to ?is contemplat$ "w1 an int]e/+ notice ( "s ( ! /eps by :i* ! au?or 0 conduct$ to 8 g5]al conclusions4 8,x w be readily admitt$ by all classes ( m51 f ! mo/ accurate obs]v]s ( nature to ! simple/ peasant1 t !re is "s degree ( regul>ity 9 ! /rata f :5ce our build+ mat]ials are g5]ally collect$4 ,masons1 m9]s1 & qu>rym5 c id5tify p>ticul> b$s ( /one dug _m miles ap>t2 inde$1 e cliff & qu>ry pres5ts a true section ( a great _m b$s ( /one1 :i* may be f\nd ( ! same quality & 9 ! same position 9 all or mo/ ( ! neighb\r+ cliffs & qu>ries4 ,& ?is regul>ity is n[h]e m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! lias qu>ries ( ,som]set%ire1 f :5ce ^! obs]vations fir/ took _! rise1 ab\t sev5 ye>s s9ce4 8,= ! /ratification ( /one /ruck me1 :o _h n be5 accu/om$ to su* appe>ances1 z some?+ v uncommon1 & till ,i _h le>n$ ! te*nical t]ms ( ! /rata1 & made a subt]rane\s j\rney or two1 ,i c\ld n conceive a cle> idea ( :at seem$ s famili> to ! colli]s2 b :5 ^! difficulties 7 surm\nt$1 & an intellig5t bailiff accompani$ me1 ,i 0 mu* pleas$ ) my p]egr9ations bel[1 & soon le>nt en\gh ( ! ord] ( ! /rata to describe on a plan ! mann] ( work+ ! coal 9 ! l&s ,i 0 !n survey+4 8,be+ engag$ soon aft] to survey ! l&s & take ! levels ( a canal t 0 propos$ to be made f ! colli]ies to ,ba?1 ,i obs]v$ a v>iation ( ! /rata on ! same l9e ( level1 & soon f\nd t ! lias rock1 :i* ab\t ?ree miles back 0 full ?ree hundr$ feet above ?is l9e1 0 n[ ?irty feet bel[ x1 & became ! b$ ( ! riv]1 & 9 t direction did n appe> any m at ! surface4 ,?is induc$ me to note ! incl9ation ( ! same rock1 :i* ,i knew 0 to be f\nd at ! head ( two o!r valleys ly+ ea* ab\t a mile di/ant f1 & 9 a p>allel direction to1 ! "o j describ$1 & accord+ly f\nd x to dip ! same to ! s\?-ea/1 & s9k "u ! riv]s 9 a simil> mann]4 8,f ?is ,i began to consid] t o!r /rata might also h "s g5]al incl9ation z well z ?is 7?\gh ,i _h be5 frequ5tly told by ! colli]s t !re 0 no regul>ity 9 ! /rata above gr\nd71 yet1 by trac+ !m ?r\gh ! c\ntry "s miles1 ,i f\nd ! incl9ation ( e b$ to be ne>ly ! same z t ( ! lias2 & not)/&+ ! p>tial & local dips ( _m qu>ries :i* v>i$ f ?is rule1 ,i 0 ?or\ghly satisfi$ by ^! obs]vations t ev]y?+ _h a g5]al t5d5cy to ! s\?-ea/1 & !nce conclud$ !re c\ld be none ( ^! b$s to ! nor?-we/1 ! tru? ( :i* conjecture 0 soon v]ifi$ by a t\r ( obs]vation ?r\gh ! nor!rn p>ts ( ?is k+dom40 ,9 ,m>*1 #agih1 ,mr4 ,smi? pur*as$ a small b beautiful e/ate1 9 a deep valley1 )9 ?ree miles ( ,ba?1 almo/ ov]gr[n ) wild wood1 hid+ 9 its bosom a %eet ( wat] & a small mill4 ,?r\gh ?is retir$ possession ! canal 0 cut1 )\t greatly injur+ its rem>kable beauty2 &1 "u ,mr4 ,smi?'s fond & ta/eful att5tion ! sc5e 0 p>tly cle>$1 ! pond exp&$ to a lake1 ! cottage became a com=table home1 9 :i* he pass$ _m happy & ?\ghtful h\rs4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 at any "t reside long 9 ?is fav\rite retreat1 b took up 8 /ation = ab\t a ye> at ! village ( ,mit=d1 ne> ,ba?1 & engag$ 9 ! la/ duties :i* he p]=m$ z resid5t eng9e] to ! ,coal ,canal4 ,ow+ to a misund]/&+ ) ! ,company1 ?is occupation ceas$ 9 ,june1 #agii1 & ,mr4 ,smi? felt & ackn[l$g$ t a new era 9 8 life _h arriv$4 ,he 0 n only at lib]ty1 b plac$ "u ! necessity to consid] ! be/ means ( mak+ kn[n 8 geological sy/em1 & ( f\nd+ ^u x a pr(essional practice1 :i* might provide ! exp5se ( travell+ to v]ify & ext5d 8 k1 & fill up ! outl9e ( a geological map ( ,engl& & ,wales4 ,9 ^! objects1 :i* 7 ev] closely associat$ 9 8 own m9d1 he 0 successful2 ! mo/ valuable portions ( 8 discov]ies soon became public prop]ty1 & he quickly acquir$ ext5sive employm5t 9 ! practical applications ( ^! discov]ies to m9]al survey+ & dra9+ ( l& on a l>ge scale4 ,! ext5sive diffusion ( 8 fame & op9ions1 :i* n[ began1 0 ow+ to no actual & au?oriz$ publication1 b to cont9ual discussions & explorations ) sev]al active fri5ds1 oral communications & exhibitions ( maps at agricultural meet+s 7!n frequ5t71 & circulation ( manuscript copies ( tabul> expositions ( ! s]ies ( /rata at t "t det]m9$4 ,8 views at ?is epo* appe> by ! foll[+ notice3-- 8,dur+ my five ye>s' close conf9em5t to practical eng9e]+ on ! ,coal ,canal1 my mu*-wi%$-= opportunity ( collect+ obs]vations en\gh f ! ranges ( ! diff]5t /rata to make an accurate del9eation ( ! /ratification ?r\gh\t ,engl& 7 susp5d$4 8,i _h se5 en\gh by my t\r ( ,augu/1 #agid1 to satisfy myself ( ! practicability ( do+ x1 & (t5 wa/$ mu* "t 9 por+ ov] maps1 9 contriv+ h[ ! rang+ edges & planes ( diff]5t /rata c\ld be/ be r5d]$ intelligible3 models 7 ?\ght (1 & "o small map 0 cut along ! edges ( "s ( ! /rata ) a view ( def9+ _! ext5t1 & ( %[+ h[ "o /ratum 0 successively cov]$ by ano!r4 8,i drew 9 col\rs1 on a map ( ! vic9ity ( ,ba?1 & on #8,day & ,ma/]s' c\nty survey1' all t _h be5 obs]v$ v accurately to a c]ta9 ext5t1 :i* embrac$ an int]e/+ b intricate v>iety ( /rata 9 hills ar\nd ,ba?2 & "s small maps ( ,engl& 7 spoil$ by speculat+ on ! ranges ( /ratification )\t suffici5t data4 ,! intricacies 9 _! m>g9al edges 7 su* t ,i f\nd1 to m>k po9t by po9t1 z ! facts 7 asc]ta9$1 0 ! only way 9 :i* ,i c\ld safely proce$4 8,my exp]i5ce 9 :at ,i _h done ^u ! ,som]set%ire map 0 suffici5t to conv9ce me t to make a map ( ! /rata on a scale z l>ge z ,c>y's ,engl& 7five miles to an in*71 ) suffici5t accuracy1 mu* ( x %\ld fir/ be drawn on a l>g] scale40 ,x 0 =tunate = ,mr4 ,smi?1 & = ! progress ( 8 views1 t he ga9$ at ?is "t ! fri5d%ip ( a man s+ul>ly compet5t to e/imate ! tru? & value ( ^! views1 & bo? able & will+ to advocate ! m]it ( _! au?or4 ,! ,rev4 ,b5jam9 ,ri*>dson 0 at ?is "t liv+ 9 ,ba?1 & possess$ a *oice collection ( local fossils1 mo/ly ga!r$ by 8 own dilig5t h&s4 ,ext5sively v]s$ 9 natural hi/ory1 & g5]ally well acqua9t$ ) ! progress ( sci5ce1 he 0 p]fectly en?usia/ic 9 foll[+ out1 & lib]al 9 enabl+ o!rs to prosecute1 new & +5i\s rese>*es1 especially if !y t5d$ to practical & public good4 ,he knew accurately ! c\ntry 9 :i* ,mr4 ,smi? _h pr9cipally work$1 & 0 acqua9t$ ) ! views ent]ta9$ on ! subject ( fossils1 :i* _h be5 record$ 9 books1 or 7 adopt$ by ! collectors1 :o 7 ev5 !n celebrat$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ba?4 ,he _h no k ( ! laws ( /ratification & ! connection betwe5 ! =ms ( organic life & ! ord] ( sup]position ( ! /rata2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 8 new fri5d _h v little k ( ! true nature ( ^! organic =ms1 & _! exact relation to analog\s liv+ types4 ,! result ( a meet+ betwe5 two su* reciprocally adju/$ m9ds 0 an electric comb9ation2 ! fossils :i* ! "o possess$ 7 m>%all$ 9 ! ord] ( /rata by ! o!r1 until !y all f\nd _! appropriate places1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! cab9et became a true copy ( nature4 ,t su* fossils _h be5 f\nd1 9 su* rocks1 0 imm$iately ackn[l$g$ by ,mr4 ,ri*>dson to be true1 ?\gh ! connection _h n be=e pres5t$ itself to 8 m9d2 b :5 ,mr4 ,smi? add$ ! assurance1 t ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ?is di/rict1 & to consid]able di/ances ar\nd1 x 0 a g5]al law t ! 8same /rata 7 f\nd always 9 ! same ord] ( sup]position & conta9$ ! same peculi> fossils10 8 fri5d 0 bo? a/oni%$ & incr$ul\s4 ,he imm$iately acc$$ to ,mr4 ,smi?'s proposal = und]tak+ "s field exam9ations to det]m9e ! tru? ( ^! ass]tions1 & hav+ int]e/$ 9 ! object a new & le>n$ associate1 ! ,rev4 ,joseph ,t[ns5d 7au?or ( 8,travels 9 ,spa9071 !y at once execut$ ! project4 ,among o!r places visit$ ) ?is view 0 ! deta*$ hill on :i* ,dundry ,*ur* is conspicu\sly elevat$4 ,f its =m & position 9 respect ( ! lias ( ,keyn%am1 ,mr4 ,smi? _h inf]r$ t ?is hill 0 capp$ by ! l[e/ ( ! ,ba? 8free/ones0 7inf]ior oolite72 &1 f 8 g5]al views1 he expect$ to f9d 9 t rock ! fossils :i* ! free/ones conta9$ ne> ,ba?2 t is to say1 on ! we/w>d rise1 :i* he believ$ to affect all ! /rata ne> ,ba? above ! coal4 ,x is ne$less n[ to say1 t exam9ation confirm$ bo? ! inf]5ce ( ! "* ( ! rock & ! con=mity ( its organic cont5ts4 ,! effect ( ?is & o!r illu/rations ( ! reality ( ,mr4 ,smi?'s speculations 0 decisive4 ,9 g5]al lit]ature1 & especially 9 natural hi/ory1 ,mr4 ,smi? 0 immeasurably surpass$ by 8 fri5ds1 b !y ackn[l$g$ t1 f 8 lab\rs 9 a diff]5t qu>t]1 a new light _h begun to manife/ itself 9 ! previ\sly d>k horizon ( geology1 & !y set !mselves e>ne/ly to make way = its auspici\s influ5ce4 ,:at a /ep 0 made f ! old ideas t fossils 7 sports ( nature to ! pro( t dur+ ! long ages ( ! e>?'s hi/ory e deposit ( riv] mud1 sea-%ore s&1 & m>9e collection conta9$ relics ( its age ( accumulation2 & t !re has be5 a succession ( animals & plants on ! e>? =e%ad[+ ^? t n[ exi/4 ,"o day1 aft] d9+ toge!r at ! h\se ( ! ,rev4 ,joseph ,t[ns5d1 x 0 propos$ by "o ( ?is triumvirate1 t a tabul> view ( ! ma9 features ( ! subject1 z x _h be5 exp\nd$ by ,mr4 ,smi?1 & v]ifi$ & enri*$ by _! jo9t lab\rs1 %\ld be drawn up 9 writ+4 ,ri*>dson held ! p51 & wrote d[n1 f ,smi?'s dictation1 ! diff]5t /rata accord+ to _! ord] ( succession 9 desc5d+ ord]1 comm5c+ ) ! *alk1 & numb]$1 9 cont9u\s s]ies1 d[n to ! coal1 bel[ :i* ! /rata 7 n suffici5tly det]m9$1 accord+ to ! s*eme already notic$4 ,to ?is description ( ! /rata 0 add$1 9 ! prop] places1 a li/ ( ! mo/ rem>kable fossils :i* _h be5 ga!r$ 9 ! sev]al lay]s ( rock4 ,! names ( ^! fossils 7 pr9cipally suppli$ by ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 & are su* z 7 !n1 & = a long "t aft]w>ds1 famili>ly employ$ 9 ! _m collections ne> ,ba?4 ,( ! docum5t ?us jo9tly arrang$ ea* p]son pres5t took a copy1 "u no /ipulation z to ! use :i* %\ld be made ( x1 & accord+ly x 0 ext5sively di/ribut$1 & rema9$ = a long p]iod ! type & au?ority = ! descriptions & ord] ( sup]position ( ! /rata ne> ,ba?4 ,ye>s roll$ on1 & ,smi?'s w&]+s ov] ,engl& & _! results 7 laid d[n by him on a map1 :i* 0 to be publi%$4 ,) reg>d to ?is map ( ! /rata1 x may be said t x 0 v try+ "w = ! publi%] z well z ! au?or4 ,! basis ( ! map1 z already expla9$1 0 9 _m respects peculi>2 ! col\r+ ( x 0 m s4 ,in/ead ( ! flat col\r+ end+ 9 n>r[ def9$ edges usually employ$ = maps1 ,mr4 ,smi? introduc$ a peculi> /yle ( full t9ts = ! edges ( ! /rata1 s(t5$ into ! pal] t9t employ$ = ! rema9d] ( ! area :i* !y occupi$ on ! surface4 ,?is new /yle ( col\r+ gave a picturesque effect to ! map1 b requir$ m ?an usual skill & pati5ce to be correctly execut$1 & occasion$ great tr\ble 9 exam9+ ! copies4 ,! col\r+ ( ! map 0 ?us r5d]$ m exp5sive ?an _h be5 anticipat$1 & not)/&+ ! lab\r 0 well paid =1 x 0 n always at fir/ prop]ly p]=m$4 ,at l5g? ! difficulties insep>able f su* a task 7 s f> ov]come1 & ?is enorm\s lab\r 0 s f> complet$1 t a col\r$ map ( ! /rata ( ,engl& & ,wales 0 submitt$ to ! consid]ation ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 support$ by v>i\s te/imonials ( its g5]al accuracy & value1 9 ,april & ,may1 #ahae4 ,! result 0 ! aw>d ( ! premium ( #ej1 :i* _h be5 9 va9 (f]$ = v _m ye>s = a "w ( ?is description--a rew>d :i* ,mr4 ,smi? might h claim$ long ago1 _h n an hone/ desire to produce 8 "w complete )held ! attempt4 ,! map 0 publi%$ on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahae1 d$icat$ to ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 & f t h\r ! fame ( its au?or z a great orig9al discov]] 9 ,engli% geology 0 secur$4 ,w\ld t ?is epo* ( 8 reviv$ & enl>g$ reputation _h also be5 ! dawn ( m prosp]\s =tunes1 or t1 satisfi$ ) ! degree 9 :i* he _h accompli%$ 8 gigantic task1 he _h left to o!rs ! completion ( 8 "w1 & devot$ himself = a "t to ev5 ! humble/ ( ^? pr(essional lab\rs by :i* he _h be5 at lea/ support$ ?r\gh oppressive difficulties1 & by :i* he mu/ h already gr[n comp>atively ri* b = ! incessant dra9 ( money 9 foll[+ up discov]ies :i* no liv+ man c\ld reasonably hope to complete4 ,sci5ce1 inde$1 is a mi/ress ^: gold5 smiles are n (t5 lavi%$ on poor & en?usia/ic suitors4 ,! "t = a /r5u\s ex]tion 0 inde$ come4 ,geology _h kept him poor by consum+ all 8 pr(essional ga9s2 ! neglect ( 8 employ]s too (t5 left ^! unpaid2 9 su* a condition "o un=tunate /ep 0 ru91 & t /ep 0 made4 ,on ! prop]ty :i* he _h pur*as$ ne> ,ba?1 & :i* he _h greatly improv$1 he 0 tempt$ to lay a railway = br++ ! free/one ( ,comb d[n to ! ,coal ,canal1 to op5 new qu>ries ( ?is /one1 & to e/abli% new ma*9]y = cutt+ & %ap+ x = build+s4 ,! project1 :i* look$ well at fir/1 fail$ utt]ly by ! unexpect$ defici5cy ( ! /one1 on ^: good quality ! :ole success dep5d$4 ,! ab&onm5t ( ?is *]i%$ s*eme 0 foll[$ by ! compulsory sale ( ! /ill m *]i%$ prop]ty1 a load ( debt rema9$ to be dis*>g$1 & ! mis]able effects fell heavily on o!rs besides himself4 ,b !re 7 n want+ p]sons ( /ation1 k1 & humanity1 :o1 e/eem+ ,mr4 ,smi? & admir+ 8 solit>y & ceaseless indu/ry1 ex]t$ !mselves to save him f ! sad fate :i* seem$ to await him4 ,su* ?+s are common 9 ! lives ( m51 b !y are n (t5 enc\nt]$ by s resolv$ & pati5t a _s z t ( ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,"o :o saw ! /ruggle may boldly say ?is1 because !re c be no o!r motive = m5tion+ private & p]sonal griefs b to %[ =? ! "* ( ! m9d :i* c\ld firmly be> & ov]come !m4 ,z a mean ( r$uc+ 8 difficulties he propos$ to sell t geological collection :i* _h be5 s mu* priz$1 & ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( "s fri5ds a communication 0 op5$ ) ! ,treasury4 ,two g5tlem5 be+ deput$ to exam9e ! collection1 report$ fav\rably1 & _! lord%ips 7 pleas$ to au?orize ! pur*ase1 9 ord] t ! specim5s might be fitt$ up 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re 0 also "s def9$ notion ( engag+ ,mr4 ,smi?'s s]vices at ! museum to take *>ge ( & expla9 ! geological pr9ciples :i* ?is collection 0 int5d$ to illu/rate2 b ?is project came to no?+4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahah-ai1 ,mr4 ,smi? revisit$1 aft] an abs5ce ( t5 ye>s1 8 native village1 re-exam9$ ! un=gott5 localities :]e 9 *ildhood 8 8pundibs0 & 8p\nd/ones0 7 ga!r$1 & collect$ 8m>l/one0 fossils f an excavation at ,*ur*ill ,mill1 ne>ly at ! same po9ts :]e he _h notic$ !m 9 #aghg4 ,9 "o ^: life _h be5 "o long w&]+1 & :o _h e>n$ = himself an immortal "n1 ?is return to ! haunts ( 8 *ildhood & ! simplicity ( village occupations1 mu/ h excit$ _m int]e/+ reflections4 ,he _h sold 8 patrimony1 & :at _h be5 ! mode/ dwell+ ( 8 ance/ors = two hundr$ ye>s2 he _h disburs$ 9 travell+ = :at he deem$ a public object all t he _h e>n$2 :ile "o ( 8 two bro!rs1 quietly prosecut+ trade 9 8 native village1 _h gr[n a ri* & prosp]\s man4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahai ,mr4 ,smi? gave up 8 h\se 9 ,london1 aft] fifte5 ye>s' occupation1 & 0 compell$ to submit to ! sale ( 8 furniture1 collections1 & books1 pres]v+ 9 fact1 only 8 pap]s1 maps1 sections & o!r draw+s1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( a mo/ fai?ful fri5d4 ,:ile ?is happ5$1 he 0 9 ,york%ire busily engag$1 app>5tly oblivi\s1 p]haps /]nly reg>dless1 ( :at seem$ to o!rs an insupportable mis=tune4 ,he deem$ x an inevitable coroll>y to 8 irretrievable losses 9 ! unlucky speculation already m5tion$ ne> ,ba?1 & arm$ himself ) :at seem$ m ?an =titude to meet x4 ,"o m us$ to monet>y arrangem5ts w\ld h =ese5 & av]t$ ?is occurr5ce2 b on ! practical geologi/ ! bl[ fell ) /unn+ effect4 ,he surr5d]$ ) deep regret 8 int]e/ 9 ! mu*-lov$ & really valuable little prop]ty ne> ,ba?1 quitt$ ,london1 & cons5t$ to h no home4 ,f ?is "t = sev5 ye>s he became a w&]] 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 r>ely visit+ ,london1 except :5 drawn ?i!r by ! pr(essional engagem5ts :i* /ill1 ev5 9 8 lonelie/ retirem5ts1 7 press$ ^u him1 & yield$ him an irregul>1 contract$1 & fluctuat+ income4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahai-bj1 ,mr4 ,smi?1 hav+ p]haps m ?an usual leisure1 und]took to walk f ,l9coln%ire into ,ox=d%ire4 ,! object propos$ 0 to pass along a p>ticul> l9e ?r\gh ! c\nties ( ,rutl&1 ,nor?ampton1 ,b$=d1 & ,ox=d1 b ! ultimate de/9ation 0 ,sw9don1 9 ,wilt%ire4 8,leav+ ! great road at ,col/]wor?1 ) "s reflections on ! bir?place ( ,newton1#e we cross$ 9 a day's easy walk1 ! little c\nty ( ,rutl&1 its hills ( oolite & s&1 its slopes ( upp] lias1 & its valleys (t5 %[+ m>l/one1 & rea*$ ! obscure village ( ,gretton1 on ! edge ( ,rock+ham ,=e/4 ,:atev] may n[ be ! accommodations at ?is village1 !y 7 v wret*$ 9 #ahai 7,decemb]71 b ! odd /ories ( sup]natural be+s & incr$ible frights :i* 7 n>rat$ by ! villag]s assembl$ at ! little inn1 greatly amus$ ,mr4 ,smi?1 & rem9d$ him ( exactly p>allel tales :i* circulat$ ar\nd ,:i*wood ,=e/ 9 8 boyhood4 8,! next morn+ we walk$ to ,kett]+1 notic+ on ! road ! peculi> *>act]s ( ! ,nor?ampton%ire oolite4 ,9 ?is walk ,mr4 ,smi? _h someh[ spra9$ or ov]-fatigu$ himself1 & he *ose to proce$ to ,well+bor\gh 9 a *aise4 ,f ?is po9t1 situat$ on s& ( ! oolite s]ies1 we resum$ our geological proce$+s on foot1 & pass+ by ,ir*e/]1 ,woola/on1 & ,boziate1 trav]s$ 9 ! next hills ! oolite1 ! =e/ m>ble1 ! cornbra%1 & an outli] ( ,kell[ay's rock4 ,! road up ,boziate ,hill 0 mantl$ ) fossilif]\s /one1 "s ( :i*1 obta9$ f ! hill-top1 0 believ$ to be ,kell[ay's rock1 & 0 f\nd to conta9 ,ammonites sublvis & o!r fossils4 ,a f9e specim5 ( ?is ammonite 0 "h laid by a p>ticul> tree on ! road side1 z x 0 l>ge & inconv5i5t = ! pocket1 accord+ to a cu/om (t5 obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,smi?1 ^: memory = localities 0 s exact1 t he has (t51 aft] _m ye>s1 gone direct to "s ho>d ( ?is nature1 to recov] 8 fossils4 ,?is road1 h[ev]1 ov] ,boziate ,hill1 he 0 n to travel aga94 8,f ,olney to ,buck+ham ! r\te 0 p]=m$ 9 *aise4 ,! /one dug "h 9 clay attract$ mu* att5tion1 & ,mr4 ,smi? d\bt$ :e!r to rank x z =e/ m>ble or cornbra%4 ,we n[ cross$ ! oolitic c\ntry to ,aynhoe1 celebrat$ = its fossils1 on foot2 next day cont9u$ ! walk to ,d$d+ton1 ,*apelh\se1 & ,*ur*ill1 & aft] a few days walk$ to ,bur=d1 & !n travell$ 9 ! ord9>y way to ,sw9don1 ,ox=d1 & ,london4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,ox=d1 ,mr4 ,smi?1 = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life1 _h ! pleasure ( see+ ,pr(essor ,buckl&1 at ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,bliss1 ! booksell]1 ) :om he walk$ ov] ,%otov] ,hill1 on 8 way t[>d ,london40 ,?is little t\r is ?us briefly n>rat$1 because x appe>s 9 all respects a fair example ( ! usual way 9 :i* ,mr4 ,smi? explor$ ! c\ntry1 walk+ :5 ! object he _h 9 view requir$ ?is mode ( exam9ation1 travell+ z fa/ z possible 9 all o!r cases1 b always record+ 9 note-books or on maps1 ! obs]vations he made4 ,up 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& on ! ea/ coa/ ,smi? lov$ to w&] b5ea? ! cliffs1 not+ ! m9ute/ v>iations 9 ! /ratification1 detect+ ! slighte/ m>ks ( dislocation1 wat*+ ! peculi>ities ( ! sea's action on mat]ials ( unlike qualities1 & inf]r+ ! causes :i* _h anci5tly modifi$ ! outl9e ( ! l&1 & cov]$ ! l[ cliffs ( ! oolitic s]ies ) fragm5ts ( ! lias f ,:itby1 ( ! coal & lime/one f ,teesdale or ,swal$ale1 & ( ! granite & sy5ite f ! ,%ap ,fells & ,c>rock ,pike4 ,9 num]\s pap]s d$icat$ to ! local geology ( ,sc>bor\gh1 8 reflections on ^! subjects are record$2 8 ex]tions 9 exam9+ "o curi\s case ( dislocation on ! nor? side ( ! ,ca/le ,hill1 br\ght on rheumatic1 or r a p>alytic affection ( ! muscles ( ! l[] extremities1 :i* b\nd him a prison] 9 b$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahbe4 ,previ\s to ?is accid5t1 he _h tak5 "p 9 a c\rse ( lectures to ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,hull2 aft] x _h occurr$1 & be=e its effects 7 remov$1 :ile yet he 0 incapable ( walk+1 & 0 actually lift$ into ! c>riage :i* took him away1 he accept$ & execut$ a simil> engagem5t propos$ by ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,%effield4 ,x 0 a s+ul> spectacle1 to witness ! deliv]y ( lectures :i* requir$ cont9ual ref]5ce to l>ge maps & num]\s diagrams1 by a man :o c\ld n /&1 b 0 =c$ to read 8 address f a *air1 to an audi5ce ( sev]al hundr$ p]sons 9 a room n v well adapt$ = ! voice4 ,b x 0 f> m extraord9>y to witness dur+ all ! sev]ity ( ! disord]1 ! unpret5d+ pati5ce & =titude ( ! suff]]1 :o1 _h he !n p]mitt$ 8 m9d to dwell too curi\sly on ! /ate ( 8 heal? & ! /ate ( 8 f9ances1 might h add$ ! bitt] =eta/e ( want & privation to ! actual difficulty ( ! mom5t4 ,su* reflections & su* anticipations might sadd5 ! he>ts ( ^? :o surr\nd$ him1 b ,mr4 ,smi? w\ld h ?\ght x unwor?y ( 8 resolv$ m9d & firm tru/ 9 ,provid5ce1 to h abat$ "o jot ( 8 accu/om$ *e]fulness1 %ort5$ "o ( ! innum]able playful /ories :i* 7 always spr++ to 8 lips f ! ri* treasure-h\se ( 8 memory1 or turn$ 8 m$itations f 8 fav\rite subjects4 ,at ,%effield1 :ile sl[ly recov]+ ! use ( 8 limbs1 he busi$ himself 9 arrang+ a body ( in=mation :i* he _h ga!r$ conc]n+ ! neighb\r+ coal di/ricts2 & on remov+ soon aft]w>ds to 8 old qu>t]s at ,donca/]1 he work$ mu* on ! l>ge 8,old ,survey ( ,york%ire10 ?9k+ to complete ! col\r+ ( x4 ,by degrees he recov]$ entirely f 8 pa9ful disord]1 & f ?is ye> 7#ahbe7 to #ahci1 no?+ ( ! k9d ev] affect$ him aga94 ,b ^! ye>s 7 fruitful ( ev5ts int]e/+ to ! fri5ds ( ,william ,smi?4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahca1 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,london hon\r$ him by aw>d+ to him ! fir/ ,wolla/on m$al2 & ! t]ms ) :i* ! gift 0 accompani$ r5d] ?is act on ! "p ( ! society & ! presid5t extremely memorable4 ,dr4 ,wolla/on's s]vices to physical sci5ce 7 well kn[n & duly hon\r$ 9 8 lifetime2 geology has felt1 & w long feel ! b5efit ( 8 dy+ beque/4 ,he inve/$ "o ?\s& p\nds 9 ! ?ree p] c5t4 ,r$uc$ ,bank ,annuities1 9 ! jo9t names ( himself & ! ,geological ,society1 & direct$ t aft] 8 decease1 8! society %\ld apply ! divid5ds 9 promot+ rese>*es conc]n+ ! m9]al /ructure ( ! e>?1 or 9 rew>d+ ^? by :om su* rese>*es %\ld h]eaft] be made2 or 9 su* mann] z %\ld appe> to ! ,c\ncil ( ! said society = ! "t be+1 conducive to ! int]e/s ( ! society 9 p>ticul>1 or ! sci5ce ( geology 9 g5]al40 ,he aft]w>ds enjo9$ ! society 8n to ho>d ! divid5ds p>simoni\sly1 b to exp5d !m lib]ally1 &1 z f> z might be1 annually1 9 fur!r+ ! objects ( ! tru/40 ,! fir/ ye>'s income f ?is fund 0 appropriat$ to ! acquisition ( a die = a m$al be>+ ! head ( ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 & ?is hav+ be5 und]tak5 by ,mr4 ,wyon1 ! society 0 prep>$ 9 #ahca to fulfil ! tru/ ) :i* !y 7 *>g$4 ,! c\ncil accord+ly pass$ unanim\sly ! foll[+ resolutions1 ,jan4 #aa1 #ahca3-- 8#a4 ,t a m$al ( f9e gold1 be>+ ! impress ( ! head ( ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 & n exce$+ ! value ( t5 gu9eas1 be procur$ ) ! lea/ possible delay4 8#b4 ,t ! fir/ ,wolla/on m$al be giv5 to ,mr4 ,william ,smi?1 9 consid]ation ( 8 be+ a great orig9al discov]] 9 ,engli% geology2 & especially = 8 hav+ be5 ! fir/1 9 ?is c\ntry1 to discov] & to tea* ! id5tification ( /rata1 & to det]m9e _! succession by means ( _! imb$d$ fossils40 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ?is aw>d 0 made by a cong5ial _s4 ,! *air ( ! ,geological ,society 0 !n fill$ by "o ( its mo/ hon\r$ memb]s1 an orig9al ?9k] & fai?ful obs]v]1 well qualifi$ to appreciate ! orig9ality ( ,mr4 ,smi?'s discov]ies1 & well acqua9t$ by actual rese>* ) _! ext5t & _! value4 ,9 8 address on ?is occasion1 ,pr(essor ,s$gwick1 speak+ 9 ! "n ( ! ,geological ,society1 sket*$ a brief b satisfactory hi/ory ( ,mr4 ,smi?'s c>e]1 demon/rat$ ! entire ju/ice ( ! aw>d ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,geological ,society1 & add$ 8 p]sonal te/imony 9 fav\r ( ,mr4 ,smi?'s claims 9 t]ms ( no ord9>y value4 8,i = "o c speak ) gratitude ( ! practical lessons ,i h receiv$ f ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,x 0 by track+ 8 foot/eps1 ) 8 maps 9 my h&1 ?r\gh ,wilt%ire & ! neighb\r+ c\nties1 :]e he _h trodd5 ne>ly ?irty ye>s be=e1 t ,i fir/ le>n$ ! subdivisions ( our oolitic s]ies1 & appreh5d$ ! mean+ ( ^? arbitr>y & some:at unc\? t]ms1 :i* we d]ive f him z our ma/]1 :i* h long become engraft$ into ! conv5tional language ( ,engli% geologi/s1 & ?r\gh _! influ5ce h be51 9 "p1 also adopt$ by ! naturali/s ( ! cont95t4 8,aft] su* a /atem5t1 g5tlem51 ,i h a "r to speak boldly1 & to dem& y\r approbation ( ! c\ncil's aw>d4 ,i c\ld almo/ d>e to wi% t /]n lov] ( tru?1 to ^: b\nty we owe ! 8,donation ,fund10 t d>k eye1 be=e ! glance ( :i* all false pret5sions )]$1 7 once m among/ u4 ,& if x be d5i$ u to hope t a _s l t ( ,wolla/on %\ld (t5 be embodi$ on ! e>?1 ,i w\ld appeal to ^? intellig5t m5 :o =m ! /r5g? & ornam5t ( ?is society1 :e!r !re 0 any place = d\bt or hesitation8 :e!r we 7 n compell$1 by e motive :i* ! judgm5t c approve & ! he>t c sanction1 to p]=m ?is act ( filial duty1 be=e we ?\ght ( ! claims ( any o!r man1 & to place our fir/ hon\r on ! br[ ( ! fa!r ( ,engli% geology8 8,if1 9 ! pride ( our pres5t /r5g?1 we 7 dispos$ to =get our orig91 our v spee* bewrays u3 = we use ! language :i* he taught u 9 ! infancy ( our sci5ce4 ,if we1 by our unit$ ef=ts1 are *isell+ ! ornam5ts & sl[ly rais+ up ! p9nacles ( "o ( ! temples ( nature1 x 0 he :o gave ! plan1 & laid ! f\ndations1 & erect$ a portion ( ! solid walls by ! unassi/$ lab\r ( 8 h&s4 8,! m5 :o h l$ ! way 9 useful discov]ies1 h ev] held ! fir/ place ( hon\r 9 ! e/imation ( all :o 9 aft] times h und]/ood _! works or trodd5 9 _! /eps4 ,x is ^u ?is abid+ pr9ciple t we h act$2 & 9 aw>d+ our fir/ prize to ,mr4 ,smi?1 we believe t we h done hon\r to our own body1 & are sanction$ by ! highe/ feel+s :i* b9d societies toge!r4 8,i ?9k x a high privilege to fill ?is *air on an occasion :5 we met1 n coldly to delib]ate on ! balance ( conflict+ claims1 9 :i*1 aft] all1 we might g wrong1 & give ! prize to "o man by inju/ice to ano!r2 b to p]=m a sacr$ duty1 :]e !re is no room = d\bt or error1 & to p]=m an act ( public gratitude1 9 :i* ! judgm5t & ! feel+s are unit$40#f ,on ?is occasion ,mr4 ,smi? pres5t$ to ! society ! orig9al ,table ( ,/ratification drawn 9 #agii1 & a circle-map ( ! vic9ity ( ,ba?1 :i* _h be5 geologically col\r$ ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,! ,briti% ,association1 f\nd$ at ,york 9 #ahca1 held its second meet+ at ,ox=d 9 ,june1 #ahcb2 & on ?is occasion ! ,wolla/on ,m$al1 aw>d$ 9 ! previ\s ye>1 0 put 9 ,mr4 ,smi?'s possession2 & he 0 fur!r gratifi$ by ! ann\ncem5t t a p5sion ( "o hundr$ p\nds1 solicit$ by ! unit$ voice ( ,engli% geologi/s1 _h be5 assign$ him by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,8 ,maje/y ,william ! ,f\r?4 ,! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association 0 ?is ye> 7#ahci7 appo9t$ to be held at ,birm+ham1 on ! #bf? ( ,augu/1 & ,mr4 ,smi? receiv$ f ,mr4 ,joseph ,hodgson 7"o ( ! secret>ies ( ! meet+7 a special & v cordial invitation to be pres5t4 ,he /opp$ on 8 j\rney to ,birm+ham1 at ! h\se ( fri5ds at ,nor?ampton4 ,"h ! k9de/ welcome await$ him2 & 9 addition to ! pleasure ( contemplat+ ! beautiful s]ies ( ,nor?ampton%ire fossils :i* _h be5 collect$1 he 0 gratifi$ by sev]al excursions into ! neighb\r+ c\ntry1 :i* _h always be5 int]e/+ to him s9ce1 9 e>li] days1 he _h op5$ ! curi\s volume ( ,morton's 8,nor?ampton%ire40 ,:ile ?us trac+ ! b\nd>ies ( ! m9or divisions ( ! oolitic rocks :i* he _h be5 ! fir/ to di/+ui%1 a slight cold by :i* he 0 affect$ seem$ to ! eyes ( 8 fri5ds1 to des]ve m att5tion ?an he be/[$ on x2 m$ical assi/ance became imm$iately advisable4 ,william ,smi? _h = _m ye>s be5 successful 9 gu>d+ 8 own usually robu/ heal?1 & he 0 sl[ & reluctant to admit ( advice bett] suit$ to ! disord] :i* n[ attack$ him1 & :i* on a =m] occasion _h s pro/rat$ 8 /r5g? t he recov]$ ) difficulty4 ,he began to feel ! attack s]i\s1 & to p]ceive ! al>m 9 ! faces ( 8 fri5ds4 ,x 0 difficult to believe1 t "u t calm1 ?\ghtful1 & pleas$ expression ( c\nt5ance1 ^? animat$ descriptions ( ! c\ntry :i* he _h visit$ a few days previ\sly1 ^? plans ( fur!r & /r5u\s ex]tion1 :i* ask$ ye>s ( active life = completion1 lurk$ pa9 & fatal disease4 ,at fir/ x seem$ z if ! rem$ies appli$ 7 produc+ b5eficial effects1 b ?is hope fail$2 ! uncompla9+ suff]] sank cont9ually 9 ea* succe$+ h\r1 till 8 eyes lo/ _! bright & k9dly light & ! ev]-v>y+ features became fix$ 9 s]5e & awful tranquility 7,aug4 #bh1 #ahci74 ,8 life1 writt5 by 8 di/+ui%$ relation ! late ,pr(essor ,john ,phillips1 ,f4,r4,s4 ( ,ox=d1 has be5 ! s\rce ( ^! pages4 ,william ,smi?'s portrait hangs 9 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ position1 ov] ! presid5t's *air at ! ,geological ,society ( ,london4 ,he 0 a great g5ius1 & suff]$ mu* toil & pov]ty1 9 ord] to produce ! tru?2 b he l$ a v happy life on ! :ole = 8 ?\ghts ab\t nature 7 8 great & good ri*es4 ,he prov$ t !re is a regul> succession ( /rata :i* are *>act]iz$ by _! fossils1 ea* /ratum be+ ! burial gr\nd ( its "t ( collection4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,mur*ison4 ,! old] rocks ( ! globe /udi$ accurately & survey$--,! g5]al simil>ity ( ! succession ( /rata 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w decid$--,! geology ( ,wales & ,scotl& describ$--,! comm5cem5t ( accurate geological surveys4 ,rod]ick ,impey ,mur*ison 0 ! desc5dant ( a v old ,ross%ire family1 :o 7 great support]s ( ! ,/u>ts 9 ! wild we/]n c\ntry ( ! nor? ( ,scotl&4 ,8 great-gr&fa!r fell at ,%]iffmuir1 & 8 gr&fa!r1 a t5ant f>m]1 _h to /ruggle ) sl5d] means dur+ a long life4 ,b long be=e ?is f9e old man di$1 at ! age ( n9ety-n9e1 he saw ! =tunes ( 8 family retriev$ by 8 elde/ son1 :om he outliv$4 ,?is son1 ,rod]ick ,impey ,mur*ison's fa!r1 0 born 9 #agea1 &1 ?anks to ! *eap & good education :i* 0 to be got at ,ed9burgh & ,glasg[1 he became a surgeon4 ,pass+ ! exam9ation at ! ,royal ,college ( ,surgeons 9 ,engl&1 ! "y man 0 s5t out to ,india1 & liv+ at ,luckn[ = sev5te5 ye>s1 made a =tune4 ,he came home to ! old c\ntry1 & b\ght ! e/ate ( ,t>radale1 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,ross1 kept up ! old ,highl& cu/oms1 & made himself useful z a m$ical man :5 aid 0 requir$4 ,he m>ri$1 9 #agia1 ! daught] ( ,mack5zie1 ( ,fairburn1 l9eal repres5tative ( ! ,rory ,m1 or ,big ,rod]ick ,mack5zie1 to :om ! e/ates _h be5 grant$ by ,james ,v4 ,_! y\ng] son1 ,rod]ick ,impey 0 born 9 ,febru>y1 #agib1 & 0 re>$ by ! 8sonsie0 mill]'s wife ( ,t>radale1 :o hu%$ him to sleep ) gaelic lullabies1 & gave him an occasional ta/e ( ! fam\s :iskey di/ill$ on ! adjac5t l&s ( ,f]r9to%4 ,b ! fa!r got delicate & mov$ to ! s\?1 c>ry+ ) him 8 h\sehold4 ,on ! way an end ne>ly came to ! future geologi/1 = 8 fa!r1 wi%+ to make ! boy 8/& fire10 pres5t$ :at 0 ?\ght an empty pi/ol at him4 ,! "m snat*$ ! *ild away1 & in/antly a *>ge ( %ot rattl$ ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,! fa!r di$ :5 ,mur*ison 0 only f\r ye>s ( age1 & ! boy wrote 9 aft] ye>s 8 sad memory ( ! la/ ( 8 fa!r3 8,! op5+ ( ! r$ damask curta9s ( ! l(ty old-fa%ion$ b$1 ! la/ kiss ( my dy+ p>5t1 & ! =m ( ! old-fa%ion$ edifice to :i* ! invalid _h be5 remov$1 h be5 /]eotyp$ 9 my m9d40 ,! fa!r 0 an accompli%$ g5tleman1 & ! "m a "y & attractive lady4 ,a second m>riage gave ,mur*ison a good /ep-fa!r 9 ,colonel ,rob]t ,macgregor ,murray1 a fri5d ( ! deceas$2 b home life 0 brok5 up :5 ! colonel 0 ord]$ (f to ,irel& dur+ ! rebellion4 ,s ,mur*ison 0 s5t to ! ,durham ,gramm> ,s*ool 9 #agii4 ,he _h a bitt] p>t+ f 8 "m & f ,sally1 ! ,devon%ire lass1 :o gave him 8 ,engli% acc5t1 :i* he reta9$ ?r\gh life4 ,six ye>s 7 pass$ at s*ool1 & he 0 z full ( mis*ief z mo/ boys2 pick+ up at ! same "t "s ( ! s-call$ rudim5ts ( le>n+4 ,he 0 r+lead] 9 mo/ ( ! exploits ( ! s*ool1 & dur+ ! holidays l$ a v active life ) ! assi/ance ( 8 pony & t]ri]4 ,"o day 8 uncle told him t 9 due "t he w\ld make a good soldi]1 & f t day ,mur*ison read ( no?+ b milit>y h]oes4 ,at ! e>ly age ( ?irte5 he 0 s5t to ! milit>y college at ,great ,m>l[1 &1 aft] "o pluck1 0 admitt$ z cadet4 ,!re he became conspicu\s z a d>+ lead] ( fun & frolic1 & z a mod]ate /ud5t2 nev]!less he 0 great at drill4 ,a gift :i* decid$ 9 aft] ye>s mu* ( 8 success 0 fo/]$ at ,great ,m>l[4 ,8 ex]cises 9 milit>y draw+ l$ to ! future rapidity & correctness ( 8 8eye0 = 8c\ntry0 9 geological survey+4 ,at fifte5 ye>s ( age ,mur*ison 0 gazett$ z an ensign 9 ! #cf? regim5t1 & at ,ed9burgh he took lessons 9 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,g]man1 & ma!matics4 ,he le>n$ to ride & f5ce1 & w5t 9 = debat+4 ,s hav+1 z he said1 done s mu* 9 ! way ( hav+ a good op9ion ( himself1 he 0 ord]$ to jo9 8 regim5t at ,cork 9 ! w9t] ( #ahjg-h4 ,he 0 wond]fully surpris$ to f9d ! (fic]s any?+ b d&ies1 &1 9 fact1 true old soldi]s1 quiet1 well discipl9$ & associat$ ) a fir/-rate fight+ regim5t4 ,8 *ief1 ,colonel ,burne1 0 a cool & gallant (fic]1 & a fav\rite ( ,sir ,ar?ur ,wellesley's4 ,9 #ahjh ! regim5t 0 prep>$ = s]vice 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 0 sudd5ly ord]$ to ,portugal1 & on ,augu/ #a/ he l&$1 & saw ! future ,well+ton put 8 foot on ,portuguese soil1 foll[$ by 8 aide-de-camp1 ! future ,"l ,raglan4 ,a battle 0 soon to be f\ght1 & at ,vimi]a4 ,pr(essor ,geikie's *>m+ 8,life ( ,mur*ison10 f :i* ?is little hi/ory is compil$1 gives ! foll[+ graphic description ( ,mur*ison's fir/ fight1 at ,vimi]a3-- 8,to return to our own "p ( ! battle1 i4e41 to our left w+1 ! fire ( ! enemy soon became v hot1 & ev5 ?\gh ! #cf? 7 ly+ on _! brea/s "u ! br[1 our m5 7 gett+ pretty mu* hit1 :il/ ! regim5t 9 our re>1 ! #hbnd1 :i* at t "t c\ld n fire a %ot1 suff]$ m ?an we did4 ,g5]al ,sp5c]1 :o comm&$ ! division1 :5 mov+ ab\t to regulate ! g5]al movem5ts1 0 hit by a ball 9 ! h&1 & ,i saw him wrap 8 h&k]*ief r\nd x1 & he>d him say1 #8,x is only a scrat*6' ,soon aft] ! light infantry 9 our front clos$ files & fell 92 our guns we pull$ back1 & !n came ! /ruggle4 ,g5]al ,f]guson wav+ 8 hat1 up we rose1 old ,burne 7our colonel7 cry+ out1 z he %ook 8 yell[ cane1 t he w\ld knock d[n any man :o fir$ a %ot4 8,?is made "s m]rim5t among ! m51 z tumbl+ ov] 0 ! fa%ion )\t ! application ( _! colonel's cane4 8,*>ge10 0 ! ^w1 & at once we w5t ov] ! br[ ) a /eady l9e ( glitt]+ /eel1 & ) a he>ty hurrah1 aga9/ six regim5ts 9 close column1 ) six pieces ( artill]y1 j 9 front ( ! #cf?4 ,b n an in/ant did ! enemy /& aga9/ ?is mo/ unexpect$ sally )9 pi/ol %ot4 ,(f !y w5t1 & all _! guns 7 in/antly tak51 horses & all1 & !n left 9 our re>1 :il/ we w5t on *as+ ! runaways = a mile & a half1 z h>d z we c\ld g1 ov] ! moor ( ,t\r9ho4 ,!y ralli$1 x is true1 once or twice1 p>ticul>ly beh9d "s ?ick prickly-pe> h$ges & a hut or two on ! flat table-l&2 b al?\gh _! brave ,g5]al ,solignac 0 always cant]+ to _! front1 & animat+ !m aga9/ u1 !y at la/ fl$ precipitately1 until !y rea*$ a small hamlet1 :]e1 h[ev]1 !y did make a tol]able /&4 8,"h x 0 t ,sir ,ar?ur ,wellesley ov]took u aft] a sm>t gallop4 ,he _h witness$ f a di/ance our /eady & successful *>ge1 & our capture ( ! guns1 & he n[ saw h[ we 7 ?ru/+ ! ,fr5* out ( ?is hamlet4 ,?r\gh ! s\nd ( ! musketry1 & 9 ! mid/ ( mu* confusion1 ,i he>d a %rill voice call+ out1 #8,:]e are ! col\rs ( ! #cf?8' & ,i turn$ r\nd 7my bro!r ensign1 poor ,pet] ,bone1 hav+ j be5 knock$ d[n71 & look+ up into ,sir ,ar?ur's bright & confid5t face said1 #8,"h !y are1 sir4' ,!n he %\t$1 #8,v well done1 my boys6 ,halt1 halt--q en\gh4' 8,! ,fr5* 7 n[ at _! la/ run1 9 spite ( e ef=t ( ,solignac to rally !m4 ,sev]al ( our bloody-m9d$ old soldi]s said 9 levell+1 #8!y w\ld br+ d[n ! ---- on ! :ite horse1' & sure en\gh ! gallant fell[ fell1 j z ! #ga/ ,highl&]s1 :o 7 on our left1 be+ mov$ r\nd en pot5ce1 *>g$ d[n ! hill1 ) _! w\nd$ pip] play+1 sitt+ on ! gr\nd1 & complet$ ! r\t ( ! enemy1 tak+ ,g5]al ,solignac ( c\rse prison]40 ,subsequ5tly ,mur*ison's regim5t jo9$ ! exp$ition ( ,sir ,john ,moore1 & p>ticipat$ 9 ! disa/r\s retreat ^u ,corunna4 8,mur*ison 7writes ,pr(essor ,geikie7 suff]$ mu*1 al?\gh he 0 /rong & 9 good heal?1 f ! excessive fatigue4 ,on "o occasion1 aft] a fruitless midnight m>* aga9/ ! enemy1 :o 0 suppos$ to be advanc+ to ! attack1 ,mur*ison1 comm&+ t night an outly+ picquet1 ?rew himself into a corn] ( a f>m]'s y>d1 & soon fell asleep4 ,day _h sc>cely brok5 :5 ! cry ( #8,picquet1 turn out6' r\s$ him f 8 re/1 b n 9 "t to escape ! notice ( ! vigilant ,colonel ,packe1 :o1 h[ev]1 all[$ him to escape ) a sev]e reprim&4 ,b aft] ! halt at ,tugo1 :5 hav+ va9ly (f]$ battle to ! ,fr5*1 ! ,briti% army retreat$ by a =c$ m>* to ,corunna1 ! "y lieut5ant fairly broke d[n4 ,! mule1 :i* _h hi!rto c>ri$ himself or 8 kit1 0 lo/2 8 old soldi] s]vant _h gone back to seek among ! sn[ = 8 wife & *ild40 ,( ?is sad "t he has pres]v$ ! foll[+ recollections3--8,nev] %all ,i =get ! night :i* foll[$ ! ab&on+ ( our position 9 front ( ,tugo4 ,we m>*$ ?r\gh t city at dusk1 & !n blew up ! bridge1 :i* 0 to *eck = a:ile our foe4 ,9 d>kness1 ) no food1 & aft] sleepless nights1 ) worn-out %oes1 & ?or\ghly disgu/$ ) always runn+ (f & n fight+1 ?is army n[ fell into utt] disord]4 ,/>v$ z !y 71 ! m5 soon became reckless1 & all ! regim5ts got mix$ toge!r2 9 %ort1 ! soldi]s 7 desp]ate1 9 spite ( ! ex]tions ( ! few m\nt$ (fic]s4 ,= my own "p1 ,i walk$ on1 usually 9 my sleep1 ) ! grumbl+ & tumultu\s mass1 until awak5$ by ! loss ( my boots 9 "o ( ! num]\s deep cuts across ! roads1 :i* 7 l quagmires1 s t ) my b>e feet ,i _h "s tw5ty miles /ill to m>*4 ,_m ( ! soldi]s got away f ! road to "r & left4 ,m>*+ all t dreadful night my "y frame at la/ gave way1 ! m s z ,i 0 b>efoot1 cold1 & />v$1 & already ! great body ( troops _h got ahead ( me4 ,9 %ort1 ,i 0 n[ "o ( a huge arre> ( /raggl]s :5 day broke & ! little hamlet 0 9 sight4 8,seat$ on a bank on ! side ( ! road1 & mun*+ a raw turnip :i* ,i _h ga!r$ f ! adjac5t field1 & j z ,i 0 feel+ t ,i nev] c\ld rega9 my regim5t & mu/ be tak5 a prison]1 a black-ey$ drumm] ( ! #if? came f ! village1 :i!r ! "y fell[ _h be5 to cat]4 ,see+ ,i 0 exhau/$1 & almo/ z "y z myself1 & n yet a h>d5$ old soldi]1 he slipp$ r\nd 8 cante51 :i* he _h contriv$ to fill ) r$ w9e1 & gave me a he>ty dr9k4 ,he ?us sav$ me f be+ tak5 prison] by ! ,fr5*1 :o 7 rapidly advanc+1 & :o1 if !y _h _h a regim5t ( cavalry 9 pursuit1 might at t mom5t h tak5 prison]s1 or driv5 into ! m\nta9s1 a good ?ird ( ! ,briti% =ces4 8,) ! draught ( w9e ,i trudg$ on aga91 & came 91 at elev5 o'clock ( ! #aj?1 into ! t[n ( ,betanzos1 & rejo9$ my regim5t1 :i* _h m>*$ 9 ab\t fifty m5 only1 ) ! col\rs1 ?\gh ere night x 0 made up to its /r5g? ( six hundr$ & odd m54 ,?is fact alone %[s bett] ?an a _w ( o!r evid5ce1 :at =c$ night-m>*es ) a />v+ & retreat+ army mu/ infallibly produce4 ,at ,tugo ! #cf? regim5t 0 fit to fight any?+2 9 two days x 0 a rabble4 8,happily = me ,i tumbl$ into a %oemak]'s h\se4 ,8 h&some "y wife wa%$ my feet ) w>m wat]1 & furni%$ me ) /ock+s1 :ile h] husb& came to my fur!r aid ) %oes4 ,b my swoll5 feet _h no "t to recov]4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! :ole army1 su* z x 01 pass$ ov] ! riv]1 bl[+ up ! bridge & tak+ up its la/ position4 8,!re1 remnant z x 01 ! army =m$ a respectable l9e--,corunna )9 two miles ( u1 & our fleet ready to back u4 ,provisions & %oes 7 s]v$ out to u1 & ) su* luxuries ! biv\ac1 ev5 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 0 well borne4 ,9 tru?1 ! army got into comp>ative good spirits1 & on ! #ae? ! ,fr5* cross$ ! la/ bridge we _h bl[n up1 & 7 defil+ at a respectable di/ance along our front4 ,we 7 q refre%$1 & ready to repel !m4 ,! picquets1 inde$1 ( our 7,hope's7 division _h a %>p enc\nt] 9 t ev5+1 & :5 look+ ?r\gh ! colonel's glass1 ,i saw ,colonel ,mack5zie1 ( ! #e? regim5t1 fall dead f 8 grey horse :il/ lead+ an attack on two ( ! enemy's guns4 8,on ! #af?1 j aft] our frugal repa/1 & :il/ lean+ ov] "o ( ! walls :]e we lay1 my old colonel1 aft] look+ "s "t ) 8 glass1 sudd5ly exclaim$ to me1 #8,n[1 my boy1 !y're com+ on2' & :5 ,i took a peep to ! hills beyond on ! "r & s\?-we/1 ,i p]ceiv$ ! glitt] ( columns com+ out ( a wood4 ,sc>cely _h ! colonel giv5 ! ^w to fall 91 :5 a trem5d\s fire op5$ f a batt]y ( sev5te5 to tw5ty pieces1 "u cov] ( :i* ! enemy 0 roll+ d[n 9 d5se columns f ! wood$ hills ^u our poor fell[s1 :o 7 9 a holl[ ) _! arms pil$1 l our own1 until !y 7 assault$4 8,= our cavalry 0 ext9ct1 z ! horses & m51 z well z mo/ ( our artill]y1 7 emb>k$ on ! #ac? & #ad?2 yet nev] s9ce ,engli%m5 f\ght 0 !re a m gallant fight ?an 0 made by ! #d?1 #dbnd1 & #ej? regim5ts 7,"l ,w4 ,b5t9ck's brigade71 :o ru%$ on ) ! bayonet1 &1 support$ by gu>ds1 held _! own aga9/ a t]rific sup]iority1 until ,g5]al ,paget 0 ord]$ to move 8 brigade t[>ds ! enemy's flank1 & compell$ !m to )draw2 n1 h[ev]1 be=e poor ,moore1 gallop+ out f ! t[n1 fell :ile enc\rag+ ! troops1 & ,baird1 :o m>*$ 8 division out ( ! t[n1 _h lo/ 8 arm4 ,my own brigade _h mu* less to d1 our front l9e & picquets be+ alone engag$4 8,z night fell1 & aft] ! fir+ _h ceas$1 ! enemy hav+ return$ to 8 own gr\nd1 we receiv$ ! ord] to m>* into ,corunna & emb>k4 ,our fires 7 left burn+ to deceive ! enemy1 & make him believe t he mu/ fight u aga9 next morn+ if he hop$ to beat u4 8,sil5tly & regul>ly we mov$ on ?is our la/ %ort night-m>* 9 ! d>k1 tranquil night ( ! #af?1 &1 pass+ ?r\gh ! gates1 rea*$ ! quay4 ,! names ( our respective transports _h previ\sly be5 expla9$ to u1 my own be+ ! brig ,rew>d1 :i* ,i f\nd to be f ,sund]l&4 ,i 0 on deck z light dawn$1 & !n at once saw ! dang] ( ! position ( ?is mis]able little transport1 z well z ( a doz5 or m ( ! same craft4 ,!y _h be5 fooli%ly all[$ to an*or imm$iately "u ! tongue ( high l& :i* =ms ! ea/]n side ( ! h>b\r1 & on :i* !re 7 no l& def5ces4 ,kn[+ t ?is gr\nd 0 only a cont9uation ( ! hilly track on :i* my division _h m>*$ a few h\rs be=e1 & be+ c]ta9 t ! ,fr5* w\ld ) ! peep ( day pass ov] our old biv\ac to ?is promontory1 ,i at once urg$ our skipp] to get up 8 an*or betimes4 ,b ! grog _h1 ,i suppose1 be5 /rong t night4 ,he exclaim$1 #8,:y1 ,i tell y1 ! brave ,highl&]s are !re2 !y h n come away l y folks4' ,sc>cely _h he spok5 :5 a batt]y ( field-pieces op5$ _! fire & s5t "s balls ?r\gh our rigg+4 ,turn+ pale z dea? "u ! fire ( ^! m]e field-pieces1 & see+ t 8 crew 7 ready to run bel[1 he appli$ ! axe to ! cable1 & 9 a few m9utes we 7 drift+ away z we be/ c\ld4 ,! w9d be+ f ! ea/1 we 7 fa/ approa*+ ! rocks on :i* ! ,ca/le ( ,antonio /&s1 & on :i* at lea/ five transports simil>ly circum/anc$ to my own 7 wreck$1 ! m5 be+ sav$ ) difficulty1 aft] los+ _! arms1 col\rs1 & baggage4 8,i h (t5 reflect$ on ! extraord9>y want ( all due arrangem5t on ! "p ( our admiral1 9 comm& ( a spl5did fleet1 :o all[$ ^? mis]able transports to an*or 9 su* a position )\t plac+ a frigate or two ne> !m to sil5ce ! puny batt]y & prev5t ! dismay :i* seiz$ ! skipp]s4 8,n miss+ /ays1 ! ,rew>d float$ away1 & 0 soon go+ fa/ be=e a /rong nor'-ea/]1 ) ! re/ ( ! fleet helt]-skelt] = ! ,*annel40 ,9 #ahae ,mur*ison met ,*>lotte ,hug\91 ! daught] ( ,g5]al ,hug\91 & z %e 0 attractive1 piquante1 clev]1 & highly educat$1 %e made a conque/ ( ! gallant soldi]4 ,!y 7 soon m>ri$1 at ,buriton1 9 ,hamp%ire4 ,hi!rto he _h liv$ at 8 own free w4 ,f ?is "t he came "u ! influ5ce ( a ?\ghtful1 cultivat$1 & affectionate woman4 ,quietly & imp]ceptibly t influ5ce grew1 & %e l$ him1 ) true womanly tact1 into a sph]e ( ex]tion :]e 8 uncommon p[]s might f9d full scope4 ,to 8 wife he ow$ 8 fame1 z he nev] fail$ gratefully to record2 b ye>s _h to pass be=e h] guidance _h accompli%$ :at %e _h set be=e h] z h] aim4 ,tir$ ( ! army1 & possess+ a great am\nt ( en]gy & physical p[]1 ,mur*ison long$ = a pr(ession1 & at "o "t s]i\sly contemplat$ ent]+ ! ,*ur*4 ,b money 0 sc>ce1 & he w5t ) 8 wife to live economically 9 ,italy4 ,?is 0 an epo* 9 8 life1 & he w5t by way ( ,p>is1 & !re he he>d ,cuvi] lecture4 ,at ,g5eva he met ,de ,c&olle1 & z 8 wife _h relatives at ,vevay1 !y sp5t "s "t !re1 & ,mur*ison began tak+ walk+ t\rs4 ,on "o occasion he walk$ f\r hundr$ & ?irty-two miles ov] m\nta9 gr\nd1 9 f\rte5 days1 f9i%+ ) a la/ day's walk ( ?irty-sev5 miles4 ,9 ano!r excursion to ,mont ,blanc he walk$ "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles 9 ?ree days4 ,?is 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,b x 0 n simple ex]cise t he took1 = 8 ret5tive memory & eye = l&scape 7 occupi$2 & su* walks always produc$ good results 9 aft] ye>s4 ,arriv$ at ,rome !y w5t into lodg+s1 & ,mur*ison became a confirm$ visitor ( gall]ies1 museums1 & *ur*es4 ,!n ,mrs4 ,mur*ison fell ill1 & !y w5t1 on h] recov]y1 to ,naples1 :]e1 ( c\rse1 ,vesuvius 0 se51 b oddly en\gh1 8 writt5 impressions ( ! sc5e d n tell ( any geological ta/es4 ,two ye>s glid$ away1 & !y f\nd$ 8 intellectual life1 & impress$ him t x 0 bett] ?an gaiety4 ,:5 return$ to ,engl&1 ,mur*ison sold 8 ,scot* e/ate & w5t to live 9 a mo/ out ( ! way old mansion at ,b>n>d ,ca/le1 9 ,durham4 ,!n !re 0 no art1 & !re=e ,mur*ison became a sportsman1 & = five ye>s rode z h>d & z well to ! front z any ( 8 fox-hunt+ fri5ds4 ,e n[ & !n "s intellectual society 0 enjoy$ at "s ( ! great h\ses ( ! neighb\rhood1 & ,mur*ison made ! acqua9tance ( ,sir ,humphrey ,davy4 ,mrs4 ,mur*ison did n c>e ab\t ! ev]la/+ hunt+1 & tri$1 9 h] wise mann]1 to wean him f ! purposeless life he 0 lead+4 ,%e knew botany1 & tri$ to int]e/ h] husb& 9 x1 b he did n c>e = x2 !n %e tri$ to le>n m9]alogy to get him to help h]4 ,b ,mur*ison got deep] & deep] into ! love ( field sports1 & took a h\se at ,melton ,m[bray & hunt$ six days 9 ! week4 ,mur*ison got tir$ at la/1 & hav+ met ,sir ,humphrey ,davy aga91 0 advis$ by him to int]e/ himself ab\t *emi/ry4 ,s ,mur*ison sold 8 horses & gave up 8 e/abli%m5t1 really int5d+ to settle 9 ,london4 ,b probably want ( means prev5t$ 8 hav+ an e/abli%m5t 9 ! ,we/ ,end at fir/1 s he l$ a less active b /ill sport+ life 9 ! s\? ( ,scotl& = "s "t4 ,mur*ison 0 n[ to *ange 8 me?od ( life completely1 & ! summ] ( #ahbd saw ! la/ ( 8 rambles1 :]ev] ! rocks ar\nd him made no direct & urg5t appeal to him4 ,br++ 8 wife to ,london1 !y r5t$ a h\se 9 ,montague ,place1 & ,mur*ison began to att5d sci5tific lectures1 & especially ^? on geology1 :i* 0 at t "t mu* talk$ ab\t4 ,hutton's admirable views ( ! causes ( ! *anges on ! surface ( ! e>?1 & _! possible comp>ison ) ^? ( ! pres5t day1 0 mak+ progress1 b 0 /ill antagoniz$ by ! notions ( sudd5 convulsions & great und]gr\nd movem5ts4 ,he w5t to ! ,geological ,society1 a "y & ard5t "o1 :i* _h sprung into active "w 9 spite ( ! opposition ( ! nurs+ "m ( sci5ce1 ! ,royal ,society4 ,) he>+ lectures on sci5ce1 sci5tific pap]s & discussions1 att5d+ ev5+ soires1 & ! opportunity ( he>+ & talk+ to m5 :o _h already made !mselves fam\s1 ,mur*ison f\nd en\gh fully to fill up 8 "t1 & to make ,london life a v diff]5t ?+ to him f :at x _h be5 9 ! old days1 :5 he us$ to escape to t[n f ! monotony ( a c\ntry b>rack4 ,) 8 *>act]i/ic ard\r1 he _h n complet$ 8 fir/ w9t]'s /udies 9 geology be=e he long$ to be (f into ! field to obs]ve = himself4 8,my fir/ real field "w10 he says1 8began "u ,pr(essor ,buckl&1 :o hav+ tak5 a fancy to me z "o ( 8 apt s*ol>s1 invit$ me to visit him at ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college1 ,ox=d1 & att5d "o or two ( 8 lectures4 ,?is 0 my true laun*4 ,travell+ d[n ) him 9 ! ,ox=d coa*1 ,i le>n$ a _w ( ?+s be=e we rea*$ ! ,isis1 &1 among/ o!r ?+s1 ,i enjoy$ a lecture on cru/acea1 giv5 :il/ he pull$ to pieces on 8 knees1 a cold crab1 b\ght at a fi%mong]'s %op at ,maid5head1 :]e he usually lun*$ z ! coa* /opp$4 8,on repair+ f ! ,/> inn to ,buckl&'s domicile1 ,i nev] c =get ! sc5e :i* await$ me4 ,hav+1 by direction ( ! janitor1 climb$ up a n>r[ /aircase1 ,i ent]$ a long corridor-l room 7n[ all de/roy$71 :i* 0 fill$ ) rocks1 %ells1 & bones 9 dire confusion1 &1 9 a sort ( sanctum at ! end 0 my fri5d1 9 8 black g[n1 look+ l a necromanc]1 sitt+ on ! sole rickety *air n cov]$ ) "s fossils1 & clean+ out a fossil bone f ! matrix40 ,! few days sp5t at ,ox=d 7 memorably pleasant4 ,buckl&'s wit & en?usiasm gl[$ all 8 sci5tific say+s & do+s1 & he _h a r>e p[] ( description1 by :i* he c\ld make ev5 a dry en\gh subject fasc9at+ly int]e/+4 ,mur*ison he>d "o or two brilliant lectures f him1 b :at 0 ( /ill m importance1 he accompani$ ! m]ry pr(essor & 8 /ud5ts1 m\nt$ on ,ox=d hacks1 to ,%otov] ,hill1 & = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life _h a l&scape geologically dissect$ be=e him4 ,f t em95ce 8 eye 0 taught to recognize ! broad] features ( ! succession ( ! oolitic rocks ( ,engl& up to ! f> range ( ! ,*alk ,hills1 & ?is n 9 a dull1 text-book fa%ion1 = ,buckl&1 9 lum9\s language1 br\ght ! sev]al elem5ts ( ! l&scape into connection ) ea* o!r1 & ) a few fundam5tal pr9ciples :i* h det]m9$ ! sculptur+ ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,8 audi5ce came to see m]ely a ri* vale 9 ! mid/ ( f]tile ,engl&1 b be=e !y quitt$ ! gr\nd1 ! l&scape _h be5 made to yield up to !m1 cle> notions ( ! orig9 ( spr+s & ! pr9ciples ( dra9age4 ,?is 0 ! v k9d ( in/ruction ne$$ to fan ! gr[+ flame ( ,mur*ison's zeal = sci5ce4 ,he return$ to t[n burn+ ) desire to put 8 k to "s use by try+ to imitate1 no matt] h[ feebly1 ! admirable way 9 :i* ! ,ox=d pr(essor _h appli$ ! lessons ( ! lecture-room to ! elucidation ( ! hi/ory ( hills & valleys4 ,mur*ison />t$ ) 8 wife 9 ! middle ( ,augu/1 on a t\r ( n9e weeks along ! s\? coa/1 f ! ,isle ( ,wight into ,devon & ,cornwall4 ,tak+ a light c>riage & a pair ( horses1 he made ! j\rney 9 %ort /ages1 l+]+ = days at "s ( ! m int]e/+ or important geological localities4 ,driv+1 boat+1 walk+1 or scrambl+1 ! en?usia/ic pair signaliz$ _! fir/ geological t\r by a =midable am\nt ( bodily toil4 ,mrs4 ,mur*ison specially devot$ h]self to ! collection ( fossils1 & to sket*+ ! m /rik+ geological features ( ! coa/-l9e1 :ile h] husb& w\ld pu% on to make "s long & labori\s det\r4 ,9 ?is way1 :ile %e rema9$ quietly work+ at ,lyme ,regis1 he /ruck we/w>d = a =tnight into ,devon & ,cornwall1 to make 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) ! rocks to :i*1 9 aft] ye>s1 ,s$gwick & he 7 to give ! "n by :i* !y are n[ recogniz$ all ov] ! _w4 ,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( ?is t\r t he met ) a man1 :om he has ! m]it ( hav+ br\ght into notice1 & :o c]ta9ly amply requit$ him by ! s]vices r5d]$ 9 lat] ye>s4 ,william ,lonsdale _h s]v$ 9 ! ,p59sul> w>1 & retir$ on half-pay to ,ba?4 ,) ! mo/ simple & ab/emi\s habits1 8 sl5d] income suffic$ n only = 8 wants1 b = ! pur*ase ( any book or fossil he covet$1 & s he sp5t 8 "t 9 /udy+ ! organic rema9s1 & especially ! fossil corals1 to be f\nd 9 8 neighb\rhood4 ,mur*ison met him accid5tally 9 "s qu>ries1 8a tall1 grave man1 ) a huge hamm] on 8 %\ld]10 & f\nd him s full ( in=mation1 t he /ay$ "s days at ,ba? "u ,lonsdale's guidance4 ,) ! enl>gem5t ( view :i* s in/ructive a ramble _h giv5 him1 ,mur*ison prep>$ & read to ! ,geological ,society1 on #af? ,decemb]1 #ahbe1 8 fir/ sci5tific pap]--8,a ,geological ,sket* ( ! ,nor?-we/]n ,extremity ( ,sussex1 & ! adjo9+ p>ts ( ,hants & ,surrey40 ,?is little essay bore manife/ evid5ce ( be+ ! result ( c>eful obs]vation ( ! ord] ( succession ( ! rocks 9 ! field1 foll[$ by z ample exam9ation ( _! fossils z he c\ld secure1 f ^? be/ qualifi$ to give an op9ion ^u !m4 ,9 ^! respects x 0 typical ( all 8 lat] "w4 ,hav+ %[n by ?is fir/ publication 8 capacity z obs]v] & describ]1 & be+ fur!r recomm5d$ by ! leisure :i* 8 position ( indep5d5ce enabl$ him to comm&1 he 0 soon aft] elect$ "o ( ! two honor>y secret>ies ( ! ,geological ,society4 8,lyell be+ !n a law-/ud5t1 ) *amb]s 9 ! ,temple1 c\ld only devote a portion ( 8 "t to our sci5ce1 & 0 glad to make way z secret>y to "o :o1 l myself1 _h no?+ else to d ?an ?9k & dream ( geology1 & "w h>d to get on 9 my new vocation40 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahbf he 0 elect$ into ! ,royal ,society--an hon\r m easily won !n ?an n[1 & = :i*1 z ! ,presid5t1 8 old fri5d ,sir ,humphry ,davy told him1 he 0 indebt$1 n to ! am\nt or value ( 8 sci5tific "w1 b to ! fact t he 0 an indep5d5t g5tleman1 hav+ a ta/e = sci5ce1 ) pl5ty ( "t1 & en\gh ( money to gratify x4 ,mur*ison next inve/igat$1 at ! in/ance ( ,dr4 ,buckl&1 ! geological age ( ! ,brora coalfield1 9 ,su!rl&%ire4 ,"s geologi/s ma9ta9$ t ! rocks ( t di/rict 7 m]ely a "p ( ! ord9>y coal1 or c>bonif]\s sy/em2 o!rs held !m to be greatly y\ng]1 to be1 inde$1 ( ! same g5]al age ) ! l[] oolitic /rata ( ,york%ire4 ,a good obs]v] might readily settle ?is "q2 ,mur*ison resolv$ to try4 ,aga9 he prep>$ himself by read+ & /udy ( fossils to und]/& ! evid5ce he 0 to collect & int]pret1 & 9 ord] to d full ju/ice to ! ,scotti% tract1 he w5t fir/ to ! ,york%ire coa/1 & made himself ma/] ( ! succession1 & lead+ *>act]s ( ! rocks s admirably display$ along t picturesque l9e ( cliffs4 ,! summ] _h h>dly begun be=e he & 8 wife broke up _! camp 9 ,london & 7 on ! move nor?w>ds4 ,at ,york he made ! acqua9tance ( two m51 ) :om he 0 de/9$ 9 aft] life to h mu* close int]c\rse & co-op]ation--! ,rev4 ,william ,v]non 7aft]w>ds ,v]non ,h>c\rt7 & ,mr4 7subsequ5tly ,pr(essor7 ,john ,phillips4 ,mur*ison's own record ( ! meet+ is z foll[s3--8,phillips1 !n a y\?1 0 engag$ 9 arrang+ a small museum at ,york4 ,he recomm5d$ ,mur*ison /rongly to 8 uncle1 ,william ,smi?1 :o 0 !n liv+ at ,sc>bor\gh1 & _h little int]c\rse ) ! ,geological ,society4 ,f ! mom5t ,i _h my fir/ walk ) ,william ,smi? 7!n ab\t sixty ye>s old71 ,i felt t he 0 j ! man aft] my own he>t2 & he1 on 8 "p1 see+ t ,i _h1 z he said1 #8an eye = a c\ntry1' took to me1 & gave me mo/ valuable lessons4 ,?us he made me ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) all ! /rata nor? & s\? ( ,sc>bor\gh4 ,he aft]w>ds accompani$ me 9 a boat all along ! coa/1 /opp+ & sleep+ at ,rob9 ,hood's ,bay4 ,n only did ,i !n le>n ! exact position ( ! b$s ( poor coal :i* crop out 9 t tract ( ! ea/]n moorl&s1 b collect+ ) him ! *>act]i/ic fossils f ! calc>e\s grit d[n to ! lias1 ,i saw h[ cle>ly /rata mu/ alone be id5tifi$ by _! fossils1 inasmu* z "h1 in/ead ( oolite lime/one l ^? ( ! s\? we _h s&/ones1 grits1 & %ales :i*1 ?\gh closely resembl+ ! b$s ( ! old coal1 7 precise equival5ts ( ! oolitic s]ies ( ! s\?4 ,smi? walk$ ab\t /\tly ) me all "u ! cliffs f ,rob9 ,hood's ,bay to ,:itby1 mak+ me well note ! *>act]i/ic fossils ( ea* =mation40 ,?\gh ! ma9 object ( ?is summ] t\r 0 to "w out ! geological problem :i* _h be5 assign$ to him 9 ,su!rl&%ire1 he sket*$ a mo/ circuit\s r\te1 p>tly = ! sake ( %[+ ,mrs4 ,mur*ison some?+ m ( ! ,highl&s ?an %e _h yet se51 & p>tly ) ! view ( putt+ to use 8 new acquirem5ts 9 geology2 s t aft] rea*+ ,ed9burgh1 & hav+ its geology exp\nd$ to him by ,jameson1 in/ead ( /rik+ nor? at once1 he turn$ we/w>ds to ! isl& ( ,arran1 & sp5t _m weeks among ! we/]n isl&s f ! ,fir? ( ,clyde to ! nor? ( ,skye4 ,! hills ( 8 native c\ntry _h n[ acquir$ an int]e/ = him :i* !y nev] possess$ ev5 9 ! days :5 !y drew him (f 9 eag] pursuit ( gr\se & black cock4 ,at e halt 8 fir/ anxiety 0 to "k :at ! rocks ( ! place might be1 & h[ f> he c\ld id5tify _! geological position4 ,9 ,arran he fill$ 8 notebook ) obs]vations & qu]ies ab\t granite1 r$ s&/one1 lime/one1 & o!r puzzl+ matt]s1 on :i* 8 previ\s exp]i5ce 9 fieldwork 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& & 9 ,york%ire c\ld ?r[ no light1 & = ! elucidation ( :i* he wisely resolv$ to secure1 at "s future "t1 ! guidance & co-op]ation ( an old] geologi/ ?an himself4 ,x 0 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is resolution t ,s$gwick & he fir/ became fell[-work]s 9 ! field4 ,9 ! wilde/ ( ! we/]n isl&s he & 8 wife did excell5t "w 9 collect+ fossils1 & !reby obta9+ mat]ials = mak+ m detail$ comp>ison betwe5 ! second>y rocks ( ! we/ ( ,scotl& & ^? ( ,engl& ?an _h be5 attempt$ by ,dr4 ,maccullo*4 ,! actual fossil-hunt+ 0 ma9ly done by ,mrs4 ,mur*ison1 aft] :om "o ( ! %ells 7,ammonites ,mur*isoni7 0 nam$ by ,s[]by1 :ile h] husb& climb$ ! cliffs & trudg$ ov] ! moors & crags1 to make out ! ord] ( succession among ! second>y /rata4 ,b ! t\r 0 n m]ely geological2 _m a halt & det\r 7 made to get a good view ( "s f9e sc5]y1 or to make yet ano!r sket*4 ,fri5ds & highl& c\s9s1 too1 7 pl5tifully scatt]$ along ! r\te1 s t ! travell]s _h ample exp]i5ce ( ! he>ty hospitality ( ^? regions4 ,an occasional %ot at gr\se or de]1 v>i$ ! monotony ( ! hamm]+2 b ev5 :5 /alk+1 ,mur*ison c\ld n keep 8 eyes f ! rocks4 ,amid ! jott+s ( 8 sport he _h facts to *ronicle ab\t ! gneiss or porphyry or s&/one ?r\gh :i* ! sport _h l$ him4 ,?is *>act]i/ic1 traceable ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod ( 8 life1 rema9$ prom95t up to ! la/ autumn ( 8 life 9 :i* he 0 able to wield a gun or hamm]4 ,! summ] _h 9 great "p pass$ be=e he rea*$ t "p ( ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,su!rl&%ire :]e ! sc5e ( 8 special task lay2 b t task prov$ to be em95tly easy4 ,f ,dunrob91 :]e he 0 hospitably ent]ta9$1 he c\ld foll[ nor?w>ds & s\?w>ds a regul> succession ( /rata1 & he recogniz$ 9 !m ! equival5ts ( p>ts ( ! oolite s]ies ( ,york%ire4 ,! ,brora coal1 !re=e1 in/ead ( =m+ "p ( ! true c>bonif]\s sy/em1 0 simply a local peculi>ity 9 ! oolitic s]ies4 ,he made a collection ( ! fossils1 :i* (f]$ a means ( satisfactory comp>ison ) ! oolitic rocks ( ,engl&4 ,! rapidity ) :i* ?is piece ( "w c\ld be done left "t = a prolongation ( ! t\r nor?w>ds ?r\gh ,cai?ness1 ev5 up into ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 b at l5g? ! t\ri/s _h to prep>e = a s\?w>d migration aga94 ,rea*+ ,inv]ness1 !y turn$ ea/w>d to ,ab]de51 & !nce d[n ! ea/]n coa/ by ,pet]head1 by ,bull]'s ( ,bu*an1 ,arbroa?1 & ,/4 ,&rews4 ,! imm$iate result ( ?is summ]'s "w 0 se5 9 ! prep>ation ( a pap] = ! ,geological ,society4 ,pr(essor ,s$gwick _h already di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! difficult lab\r ( unravell+ ! /ructure ( "s ( ! old] rocks1 & ,mur*ison sugge/$ t !y %\ld visit ,scotl& & exam9e & describe "p ( ! c\ntry toge!r4 ,!y desir$ to asc]ta9 if possible ! position & g5]al relations ( ! ,old ,r$ s&/one4 ,?is j\rney1 int5sely amus+ 9 its anecdotes1 l$ to mu* unit$ "w & good fell[%ip4 ,hav+ le>n$ ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce1 ,mur*ison w5t to /udy geology 9 ! field on ! cont95t4 ,accompani$ by ,mrs4 ,mur*ison1 he visit$ ! ext9ct volcanoes ( ,auv]gne1 ! ,s\? ( ,france & ,italy1 & f9ally ,g]many4 ,next ye> ! ,alps 7 explor$1 & subsequ5tly ,au/ria4 ,at ,vi5na1 ,mur*ison indulg$ a little 9 :at he always lik$1 & :i* did good to sci5ce1 good society1 & !n />t$ = ,/yria1 & got mu* puzzl$ ab\t ! rocks & fossils at ,gosau4 ,on 8 return to ,engl& ,mur*ison became secret>y to ! ,geological ,society1 & held ! position = five ye>s1 & !n he became ! presid5t ( ! society4 ,subsequ5tly he began s]i\sly to attempt ! description ( ! geology ( ,wales :i* end$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,silurian sy/em ( rocks4 ,!n ! ,devonian & old r$ s&/ones 7 consid]$1 & ! m]its ( ! paleontologi/1 ,lonsdale1 :o really e/abli%$ ! great geological division ( ! ,devonian1 7 fully conc$$4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,mur*ison & 8 wife settl$ 9 ! well kn[n mansion 9 ,belgrave ,squ>e1 :i* 0 su* a home = sci5tific m51 ,briti% & =eign1 = _m a long ye> to come4 ,russia 0 ! next c\ntry to be explor$1 & ,mur*ison sp5t a long & v pleasant "t !re2 & 8 description ( ! ,ural ,m\nta9s 0 ( great importance4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to sket* out broadly ! geological con/ruction ( t v monoton\s c\ntry1 & to po9t out ! exi/5ce !re ( a =mation :i* cov]s ! coal-be>+ rocks ( ,engl&1 & :i* he call$ ! ,p]mian4 ,return+ to ,engl&1 aft] receiv+ ! ?anks ( ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas1 ,mur*ison aga9 became ,presid5t ( ! ,geological ,society1 & ) increas$ exp]i5ce endeav\r$ to "w out m fully ?an be=e1 ! old rocks ( ,wales1 :i* he & ,s$gwick _h lab\r$ ov] 9 common4 ,mur*ison & ,s$gwick1 h[ev]1 began at ?is "t to misund]/& "o ano!r1 & ^? admirable m51 ! "o hav+ recogniz$ ! high] /rata1 & ! o!r ! l[]1 began to diff] reg>d+ ! l9e ( sep>ation ( _! "w4 ,x is an unsettl$ po9t ev5 at ! pres5t day1 not)/&+ all ! k t ^! great m5 h left to u1 & all t has come to sci5ce s9ce _! "t4 ,ev] en?usia/ic 9 ! cause ( sci5ce z he _h be5 9 w> & 9 ! field1 ,mur*ison all[$ himself no re/1 b />t$ = ,g]many via ,france to exam9e ! r$ s&s & clays 9 ^? c\ntries :i*1 ov]ly+ ! c>bonif]\s =mation1 resemble 9 position ! ,p]mian ( ,russia4 ,! geologi/ 0 treat$ l a pr9ce by k+s1 emp]ors1 & a ho/ ( titl$ p :o 7 glad to welcome ! p]fect g5tleman s full ( good g5ial temp] & amiability4 ,at ! same "t ,mur*ison did n =get ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ) :i* he 0 (ficially connect$4 ,9 #ahdc he began to int]e/ himself 9 ! !n little ,geographical ,society1 :i* _h be5 f\nd$ 9 #ahcj1 *iefly by memb]s ( ! ,rayleigh ,travell]s' club4 ,mur*ison 0 *os5 its presid5t1 & he read an address to ! fell[s 9 #ahdd4 ,?is society1 n[ ( great utility to sci5ce & civilization1 0 fo/]$ ma9ly by ,mur*ison1 & pass$ ?r\gh ye>s ( /eady progress "u 8 managem5t4 ,9 ! same ye>1 our geologi/ visit$ ,sc&9avia1 :]e he f\nd sci5ce m hon\r$ ?an any:]e else on e>?1 & w5t on to ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,return+ to ,engl&1 ,mur*ison & 8 fell[ lab\r]s1 ,von ,keys]l+ & ,de ,v]neuil1 publi%$ ! great "w on 8,russia1 & ! ,ural ,m\nta9s10 & our h]o became a recogniz$ pill> 9 geological sci5ce4 ,kn[+ ! geology ( ! ,ural ,m\nta9s ?or\ghly1 & hav+ paid mu* att5tion to ^? p>ts ( !m :]e gold is f\nd1 ,mur*ison 0 impress$1 :5 he read ( ! nature ( ! ,au/ralian ,alps1 t !y ought to be aurif]\s4 ,9 #ahde1 & #ahdf1 ,mur*ison spoke & wrote on ?is subject1 & kept on direct+ ! att5tion ( ! coloni/s to ! necessity ( se>*+ = ! preci\s m9]al4 ,9 #ahdf ,mur*ison advis$ ! unemploy$ t9 m9]s ( ,cornwall to emigrate & dig = gold 9 ,au/ralia4 ,9 #ahdg a ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,smi?1 ( ,sydney1 acqua9t$ ,mur*ison t he _h discov]$ gold1 & a ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ,adelaide1 wrote ann\nc+ ! same fact4 ,f9ally1 9 #ahdh1 ,mur*ison impress$ on ,h] ,maje/y's ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! colonies ! necessity ( hav+ ,au/ralia survey$1 = ! purpose ( gold f9d+4 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>ds a ,mr4 ,h>graves came =w>d z ! real ,simon pure1 & 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! ignorant legislature ( ,new ,s\? ,wales z ! discov]] ( gold 9 ,au/ralia4 ,c\nt ,/rzelecki1 a geologi/1 s5t ,mur*ison specim5s ( rocks f ,au/ralia1 & positively f\nd gold1 n by inf]5ce1 z 9 ,mur*ison's case1 b 9 reality4 ,b at ! reque/ ( ! colonial au?orities x 0 kept a secret666 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,b4 ,cl>ke1 ,f4,r4,s41 a capital geologi/1 f\nd gold 9 places1 & settl$ :at rocks x 0 94 ,?is 0 9 #ahda4 ,s t ,mur*ison1 al?\gh n ! fir/ discov]]1 or ! fir/ :o inf]r$ ! exi/5ce ( gold 9 ! ,au/ralian rocks1 mu/ h great cr$it giv5 to him4 ,tw5ty ye>s _h pass$ away s9ce ,mur*ison sold 8 horses & gave up fox hunt+1 & he _h done m ?an any man to e/abli% ! gr& features ( ! outside /ructure ( ! e>?1 & to prove ! succession ev]y:]e ( ! same great =mations4 ,he 0 knight$ 9 #ahdf1 an hon\r :i* 0 appreciat$ 9 ^? days1 b :i* is n compatible ) ! prop] simplicity & nobility ( sci5ce at ! pres5t "t4 ,ev]ybody 0 glad ( ! hon\r be+ giv51 & receiv$ by ,mur*ison1 & 8,sir ,rod]ick10 = ! future came z aptly to ! ?\ghts ( 8 fri5ds z 8,mr4 ,mur*ison0 _h done ( old4 ,!re is no d\bt t at ?is "t ?is exp]i5c$ geologi/ believ$ t great lapses ( "t _h occurr$1 involv+ great di/9ctions & new creations betwe5 ! successive geological =mations1 t great *anges _h happ5$1 univ]sally1 9 ! physical geography ( ! l& & sea be=e a new =mation 0 produc$1 & t ! va/ majority ( fossils f\nd 9 "o 7 n recogniz$ 9 a succe$+ =mation4 ,he believ$ mu* 9 gr& & sudd5 cata/rophic *anges 9 nature4 ,! presid5cy ( ! ,briti% ,association 0 giv5 to ! new sci5tific knight1 & he wor?ily occupi$ ! *air at ! meet+ at ,s\?ampton 9 #ahdf4 ,9 #ahdh1 ! ye> ( revolution 9 ,europe1 ,mur*ison enjoy$ =eign politics & ,alp9e geology1 & made ! acqua9tance ( mo/ ( ! "y ,swiss geologi/s1 ^: names are n[ s celebrat$4 ,an essay on ! geology ( ! ,alps 0 writt51 & our h]o receiv$ ! ,copley ,m$al ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,b ! _m ye>s ( close & h>d "w _h told ev5 on ,mur*ison's iron frame2 & 8 wife 0 an invalid4 ,s !y sp5t ! summ] ( #ahdi at ,buxton1 mu* to ! disgu/ ( ! geologi/1 h[ev]4 ,he att5d$ ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,birm+ham1 h[ev]1 & relaps$ into a /ate ( p]petual 8liv]10 suppress$ g\t & 8/oma* attacks40 ,aft] a:ile ! invalid w5t abroad & enjoy$ rambl+ ov] ! ext9ct volcanoes ( ,auv]gne1 & _h 8 trip ov] ! same gr\nd tw5ty-two ye>s be=e1 br\ght be=e 8 m9d4 ,b he did n accept ! !ories ( ,lyell ab\t ! =mation ( ! valleys & ! d5udation ( ! di/rict4 ,he /uck1 un=tunately1 to ! viol5t 9 nature1 & dismiss$ ! tru? ( ! =m] uni=m & sl[ action ( ! same =ces z n[ prevail1 f 8 m9d4 ,9 ! next ye> ,mur*ison 0 happy aga9 ) 8 old fri5d ,s$gwick1 & !y geologiz$ 9 ! highl&s1 & enjoy$ ! hospitality ( ! "y ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,!n ! s\!rn upl&s ( ,scotl& 7 exam9$2 & ,mur*ison1 /imulat$ by ! great progress ( ! writ+s ( ,lyell1 came out 9 /rong opposition to ! ,huttonian philosophy4 ,mur*ison cont5d$ 9 fav\r ( great oscillations & ruptures ( ! e>?'s cru/ lead+ to ! sudd5 break+ up & subm]g5ce ( tracts ( l&2 b he did n expla9 h[ all ?is took place or c\ld take place4 ,he believ$ 9 _m sup]ficial deposits1 su* z drift1 be+ ! product ( viol5t convulsions & floods4 ,8 frame ( m9d 0 n difficult to acc\nt =4 ,he _h f\nd1 9 inve/igat+ ! ,alps1 t movem5ts among/ ! /rata _h occurr$ on a va/ scale1 & t :ole s]ies ( !m1 hundr$s ( feet ?ick1 _h n only be5 b5t1 b positively turn$ upside d[n4 ,9 #ahea ,mur*ison visit$ ,irel&1 & geologiz$ !re1 & gradually began to complete 8 great "w1 entitl$ 8,siluria2 or a ,description ( ! ,geology ( ! ,silurian ,rocks ( ! ,_w & ( _! ,fossils40 ,?is 0 publi%$ 9 #ahed4 ,! next great act ( ,mur*ison's 0 ! assi/+ & promot+ ! success ( ! geological survey ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! museum 9 ,j]myn ,/reet4 ,?is l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,royal ,s*ool ( ,m9es4 ,mur*ison became ! director ( ! survey1 & w5t into ! subject ) he>t & s\l1 & f\nd himself surr\nd$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ tea*]s 9 ,engl&4 ,mur*ison work$ p]sonally at ! ,scotti% rocks f #ahee to #aheh1 & x is a matt] ( int]e/ t at ! pres5t day 8 admirable "w relat+ to ! ord] ( ! old] rocks is a vex$ "q4 ,9 #ahfj1 ,mur*ison w5t to ! highl&s = ! f\r? "t1 & came to ! same conclusions z be=e4 ,ye> aft] ye> ! gr& old man lab\r$ on = ! b5efit ( ! sci5ces ( geology & geography1 & kept ! geological survey 9 capital ord]4 ,he obta9$ ! sanction ( ! ,gov]nm5t = colonial surveys1 & 01 9 fact1 ! ma9 /ay ( sci5ce 9 relation to ! /ate4 ,= t5 ye>s he did all ?is1 & occasionally indulg$ 9 a trip to ! nor? & we/1 & also into ,bohemia4 ,9 #ahfb1 ,mur*ison 0 t]ribly tr\bl$ by ! sudd5 ill-heal? ( 8 wife1 to :om he ow$ s mu*4 ,%e became m & m ( an invalid1 & di$ 9 #ahfi4 ,x 0 ! greate/ bl[ possible1 & x br\ght ! k9de/ lett] f 8 old fri5d ,s$gwick1 eighty-f\r ye>s ( age4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahgj1 ,mur*ison's "t 0 com+ to an end4 ,a slight attack ( p>alysis w>n$ him to retire f active life4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahga he prep>$ 8 la/ address z presid5t ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society1 & resign$ ! *air he _h s ably fill$ = fifte5 ye>s4 ,he l+]$ on1 & pass$ quietly away on ,octob] #bbnd1 #ahga1 full ( ye>s & well m]it$ hon\rs4 ,mur*ison's "n w live = ev] z a cle>1 ke5-ey$1 c>eful obs]v] ( nature1 & z a ma/] ( ! facts relat+ to mu* ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! e>?4 ,he 0 a great /imulator ( m5 ( sci5ce1 assi/$ ! weak1 & help$ ! good work]4 ,he _h a great p]sonal "*1 religi\s1 hone/1 tru?ful1 op5 & g5]\s2 he 0 a g5tleman inde$4 ,8 biograph]1 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,geikie1 ,f4,r4,s41 ^: mo/ *>m+ book has be5 s freely quot$ by me1 writes ab\t 8 good old fri5d z foll[s3 8,a man's face & figure af=d usually a good indication ( ! g5]al calibre ( ! _s :i* lodges b5ea? !m4 ,! picture :i* rises to ! m9d :5 "o ?9ks ( ,mur*ison1 is t ( a tall1 wiry1 muscul> frame1 :i* /ill kept its erectness ev5 "u ! burd5 ( almo/ f\rscore ye>s4 ,x seem$ ! type ( body = an active geologi/1 :o _h to w9 8 reputation by d9t ( h>d climb+ & walk+1 almo/ z mu* z by m5tal p[]4 ,x 01 moreov]1 unit$ 9 8 case ) a c]ta9 pomp & dignity ( mann]1 :i* at "o "t recall$ ! milit>y tra9+ ( ! ,p59sula days1 at ano!r ! =mal c\rtesy ( ! well-br$ g5tleman ( a bygone g5]ation40 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,lyell4 ,! /udy ( exi/+ nature & its *anges und]tak5 9 ord] to compreh5d ! pa/ *anges dur+ geological ages--,! uni=mity ( natural op]ations "u law--,cata/rophes aboli%$--,! succession ( life on ! globe1 & t ( ! t]ti>y ages expla9$--,! antiquity ( man & ( ! great ice age consid]$4 ,*>les ,lyell 0 born 9 ,=f>%ire1 at ,k9nordy1 on ,novemb] #ad?1 #agig4 ,8 fa!r 0 an able1 weal?y1 well-educat$ g5tleman2 & 8 "m1 a ,york%ire lady1 _h ! usual good s\nd s5se ( ! wom5 ( t c\nty4 ,he 0 ! elde/ ( t5 *ildr51 ! :ole ( :om grew up2 & he1 z is commonly ! case 9 l>ge families1 0 a good son & bro!r1 & a mo/ indep5d5t man 9 m9d & action4 ,*>les ,lyell's family resid$1 = ye>s1 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& aft] 8 bir?1 & ! boy 0 s5t to s*ool e>ly2 & 9 8 amus+ hi/ory ( 8 s*oolboy days1 :i* is giv5 9 ! 8,life ( ,sir ,*>les ,lyell10 edit$ by 8 si/]-9-law1 ,mrs4 ,lyell1 he w5t ?r\gh all ! fun & tr\ble1 ! games by day & ! bol/]+s by night1 ! keep+ ( pets1 & ! petty w>f>es ( ! ,engli% s*oolboy4 ,:5 elev5 ye>s ( age1 ,lyell got into indiff]5t heal? at s*ool aft] measles1 & ?is necessitat$ 8 be+ less press$ at 8 lessons4 ,he 0 fond ( /udy1 h[ev]1 & ?is en=c$ idl5ess made him take to "s ( 8 fa!r's amusem5ts1 t ( entomology4 ,"y ,lyell /udi$ butt]flies1 & *as$ !m 9 ! fields & woodl&s ( ! ,new ,=e/ 9 ,hamp%ire4 ,he soon began to /udy ! *anges ( =m :i* insects und]go 9 _! %ort lives1 & to wat*1 h\r aft] h\r1 ! habits ( ! wat]-beetles & o!r aquatic insects4 ,aft] spoil+ a consid]able numb] ( hats 9 *as+ butt]flies1 ,lyell 0 suppli$ ) a net & a cab9et 9 :i* to place 8 /ores ( insect weal?4 ,oddly en\gh1 "s ( ! v>ieties ( ! butt]flies :i* "y ,lyell collect$ 7 ( use 9 aft] ye>s to ,curtis ! entomologi/4 ,! boy _h no companions 9 ^! 8un-,engli%0 amusem5ts1 & 0 v grateful = ! assi/ance ( 8 fa!r's head s]vant1 :o knew a few plants by sight1 & help$ 8 "y ma/]4 8,in/ead ( sympa?y10 wrote ,lyell1 8,i receiv$ f almo/ e "o beyond my home1 ei!r ridicule1 or h9ts t ! pursuits ( o!r boys 7 m manly4 ,:e!r did ,i fancy t insects _h no feel+8 ,:at c\ld be ! use ( !m8 ,! contemptu\s appellation ( #8butt]fly hunt+' appli$ to my fav\rite employm5t always nettl$ me40 ,h[ev]1 ,lyell p]si/$1 & :5 he got back to s*ool he us$ to "w at 8 fav\rite subject out ( s*ool h\rs4 ,f9d+ a numb] ( exp5sive books 9 8 fa!r's libr>y on entomology1 ) beautiful plates 9 !m1 ! boy's common s5se told him t somebody priz$ all ?is k1 & t x mu/ be valuable4 ,oddly en\gh1 he took to read+ ,l9nu = descriptions ( insects1 & hunt$ up pictures ( 8 captur$ butt]flies 9 ! plates ( ! m mod]n au?ors4 ,recov]$ 9 heal?1 & fairly /rong1 ,lyell 0 s5t at ?irte5 ye>s ( age to s*ool at ,dr4 ,bayley's1 prep>atory to be+ s5t to ! great s*ool at ,w9*e/]4 ,! new s*ool 0 at ,midhur/1 9 ,sussex1 & x _h all ! dem]its ( ! s*ools ( ! day1 fight+1 fagg+1 & bully+ be+ rampant4 ,lyell came (f well1 al?\gh a weak & %ort-sight$ boy4 ,nev]!less1 he /at$ t ! me?od ( tea*+ got rid ( 8mo/ ( my natural antipa?y to "w & extreme abs5ce ( m9d1 & ,i acquir$ habits ( att5tion1 :i* 71 h[ev]1 pa9ful to me1 & only su/a9$ :5 ,i _h an object 9 view40 ,x is evid5t t at ?is "t1 #ahaa-ahac1 ,lyell's he>t 0 n altoge!r 9 8 classics & ma!matics1 & t he 0 read+ o!r subjects :i* 7 m pleas+ to him4 ,at ! e>ly age ( sev5te51 ,lyell ent]$ ,exet] ,college1 ,ox=d1 & :il/ work+ fairly well at 8 /udies1 cultivat$ music1 & ent]$ ?or\ghly into all ! politics & lit]>y fell[%ips ( ! und]graduates4 ,8 love ( nature p]si/$1 & he began to direct 8 ?\ghts to ! pa/1 & to le>n some?+ ab\t fossils4 ,?us he f\nd out ! h\se ( ,s[]by1 ! con*ologi/1 by f9d+ at ! door an ammonite1 well kn[n to ,ox=d geologi/s4 ,subsequ5tly1 :5 on a visit to ,mr4 ,dawson ,turn]1 ( ,norwi*1 he met a ,javanese travell]1 ,dr4 ,arnold4 ,mr4 ,dawson ,turn] _h a f9e collection ( ,norwi* & ,suffolk fossils4 ,lyell writes to 8 fa!r to say1 8,i h copi$ = ,buckl&1 "p ( 8 pap]1 be+ a li/ ( ^? :i* are describ$1 & %all copy ! re/40 ,x appe>s t ! se$ 0 s[n by att5d+ a c\rse ( lectures on geology1 at ,ox=d1 giv5 by ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,buckl&1 & x is no little ?+ = t great univ]sity to be able to ass]t t its tea*+ develop$ ! greate/ sy/em ( geology ev] br\ght =w>d4 ,lyell geologiz$ ov] ,norfolk1 & 9 8 conv]sations ) 8 ho/ & ,dr4 ,arnold1 x appe>$ t he _h got hold ( ! idea1 ! elaboration ( :i* is at ! v bottom ( 8 future great "w4 ,lyell /udi$ :at is n[ 9 progress 9 nature s z to compreh5d :at occurr$ 9 ! pa/ times ( ! e>?4 ,mod]n *anges are ! examples by :i* anci5t *anges c alone be /udi$4 ,he quotes 9 a lett] to 8 fa!r1 ! foll[+ say+ ( ,buckl& & ( ,:ite3 8,local in=mation1 f actual obs]vation1 t5ds m to promote natural hi/ory sci5ce1 ?an all t is done by ! speculations & compilations ( volum9\s au?ors40 ,dr4 ,arnold made collections ( ,norfolk fossils1 & catalogu$ !m1 :il/ 8 "y fri5d endeav\r$ to make a geological map ( ! c\nty4 ,9 ! vacation ,lyell & two fri5ds w5t to ,/affa1 & 8 description ( ! gr& columns ( ! old volcanic /one %[s h[ he enjoy$ & compreh5d$ ! sc5e4 ,9 #ahah ! family ( ! ,lyells made a t\r 9 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy1 & ! notes1 lett]s1 & di>ies ( ! elde/ son h be5 pres]v$1 & !y %[ h[ gradually1 yet surely1 he 0 educat+ himself = t pa? :i* he1 subsequ5tly1 nev] des]t$4 ,france 0 n v lively1 b he notic$ ! c\ntry m ?an ! p1 & obs]v$ ! c\ntry *ang$ ) ! soil4 ,he sp5t 8 fir/ ,sunday at ,p>is1 & w5t to ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes ! fir/ ?+ on ,monday morn+1 b 0 disappo9t$ by n he>+ ,cuvi] lecture4 ,9 ! ev5+ he w5t to see ! great f\nta9s at ,v]sailles1 :]e ,well+ton 0 d9+ ) "s ,fr5* m>%als4 ,day aft] day ! wond]ful sights ( ,p>is 7 visit$2 b ,lyell1 :5ev] he _h ! opportunity1 slipp$ (f to ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes4 ,he 0 mu* /ruck ) ! collection ( comp>ative anatomy1 :i* he said might tempt anyone :o _h ! opportunity ( /ay+ 9 ,p>is1 to take up ard5tly ! /udy ( anatomy4 ,he /udi$ ,cuvi]'s "w on fossil rema9s1 & on ! geology ( ! c\ntry r\nd ,p>is4 ,"o ( 8 visits 0 to ,cuvi]'s lecture room1 :i* he describ$ z fill$ ) fossil rema9s1 among :i* are ^? glori\s relics ( a =m] _w4 ,leav+ ,p>is1 ,lyell travell$ by po/1 & notic$ ! geology & rocks ( ! monoton\s c\ntry to ! ,jura ,m\nta9s4 ,he 0 mightily puzzl$ ab\t ! rocks ( ! ,jura1 & enjoy$ t magnific5t sc5e ( ! ,alps f ! top ( ! hills ov] :i* he 0 travell+4 ,he wrote1 8,9 desc5d+ ! ,jura f ,lavatey to ,gex1 we _h a mo/ magnific5t view ( a va/ ext5t ( c\ntry4 ,bel[ u ! ,lake ( ,g5eva & ! ,canton de ,vaud2 be=e u ! ,savoy ,alps t[]+ up to ! cl\ds1 & 9 spite ( _! great di/ance & ! height on :i* we /ood1 ext5d$ 9 a long l9e be=e u l an army ( giants1 ,mont ,blanc ris+ high above all 9 ! middle z _! *ief4 ,we saw ! ,d5t du ,midi to our left1 %oot+ up 8 two rem>kable peaks1 ) _m m ( extraord9>y & picturesque =ms40 ,on visit+ ! ,valley ( ,*am\ni1 we f9d ,lyell nam+ ! rocks ( ! diff]5t well kn[n sc5es1 accord+ to ! accept$ t]ms ( ! m9]alogi/s ( ! day1 & ?is is a satisfactory pro( t he _h be5 /udy+ geology v effectually1 by himself1 be=e he left ,engl&4 ,he saw 8 fir/ glaci]1 ( any importance1 & 0 imm5sely /ruck ) ! *anges x 0 produc+ 9 ! valley4 ,_m books h be5 writt5 ab\t ,mont ,blanc1 its botany & its glaci]s1 b none h ev] equall$1 9 tru?fulness & fre%ness ( description1 ! di>y ( ,lyell4 ,he seiz$ ^u all ! rem>kable po9ts to be notic$1 & %one bo? z a botani/ & geologi/4 ,he1 moreov]1 did n =get 8 old entomological ta/es1 = he *as$ butt]flies 9 ! valley ( ! ,arve1 & 0 delight$ ) ! ,alp9e rhodod5drons1 & ! little ranunculus glacialis4 ,on ! ,grimsel ,lyell saw 8"s extraord9>y l>ge b>e pieces ( granite-rock1 :i* ,i c\ld n acc\nt =10 & 0 puzzl$ by ! r$ness ( ! sn[ 9 "s places4 ,aft]w>ds on ! ,w5g]n ,alp1 he saw a f9e avalan*e fall ov] a precipice on to a l$ge bel[4 ,he w5t to ! ,valais to see ! result ( ! great flood ! previ\s ,june1 & witness$ ! results ( ! enorm\s =ce ( runn+ wat]1 c>ry+ ) x s& & /one1 on ev]y?+ aga9/ :i* x came 9 contact4 ,lyell !n cross$ ! ,alps & visit$ ! ,italian lakes & ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ,italy1 b m z an antiqu>ian ?an a geologi/4 ,! long j\rney bore fruit1 = ! con/ant pro(s ( *anges ev] progress+ 9 nature1 :i* 7 br\ght be=e ,lyell's notice1 influ5c$ 8 m9d 9 a v decid$ mann]4 ,he became oppos$ to ! convulsioni/ doctr9es ( sudd5 & viol5t *anges hav+ occurr$1 & fur!r$ ! ideas taught by ,hutton1 t ! alt]ations on ! surface ( ! e>? are sl[ & con/ant1 & h be5 uni=m = ages4 ,9 #ahai ,lyell took 8 ,b4,a4 degree at ,ox=d1 obta9+ a second class 9 classical hon\rs1 & 9 ! same ye> he became a fell[ ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,london1 & ( ! ,l9nan ,society4 ,on leav+ ,ox=d he 0 ent]$ at ,l9coln's ,inn1 & resid$ 9 ,london1 & /udi$ law 9 a special plead]'s (fice4 ,8 eyes became weak1 & he 0 advis$ to give up read+ = a "t1 & to jo9 8 fa!r 9 a visit to ,rome 9 #ahbj4 ,9 #ahbb ,lyell 0 9 full correspond5ce ) ! mo/ prom95t geologi/s ( ! day1 & he 0 do+ orig9al "w1 = 8 lett]s %[ t he 0 int]e/+ himself ab\t ! fre% wat] /rata ( ! ,isle ( ,wight1 & ab\t ! bones f\nd 9 ,kirkdale cave1 ( hyna1 elephant1 rh9oc]os1 etc4 ,8 en?usiasm & ability to "w 7 recogniz$ 9 ! v rem>kable selection ! ,geological ,society made 9 #ahbc4 ,= he 0 !n elect$ "o ( ! secret>ies1 & 8 fri5ds 7 ,mantell & ,buckl&4 ,! same ye> he w5t to ,p>is to see ! ,fr5* geologi/s & ,cuvi]4 ,cuvi] 0 v polite1 & introduc$ ,lyell to ,madlle4 ,duvancel1 8 /ep-daught]1 & ,lyell spoke v well ( h] ability & engag+ mann]s4 ,he met ,humboldt & ,laplace & ,arago1 ! ma!maticians & a/ronom]s ( ! day4 ,9 #ahbd ,lyell 0 int]e/+ himself ab\t ,dean ,coneabe>e's discov]y ( a plesiosaurus at ,lyme ,regis1 & ! fossil 0 br\ght 9 triumph to ! rooms ( ! ,geological ,society1 !n e/abli%$ at #bj1 ,b$=d ,/reet4 ,!n he />t$ on a geological excursion 9 ! we/ ( ,engl& ) ,m4 ,prvo/1 & subsequ5tly w5t to 8 bir?place & geologiz$ 9 ,scotl&4 ,lyell 0 call$ to ! b> 9 #ahbe1 & w5t ! we/]n circuit = two ye>s1 & 9 #ahbf he became a fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 & 9 #ahbg he wrote an article 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 %[+ h[ ?or\ghly he id5tifi$ himself ) ! s*ool ( geology t taught ! necessity ( /udy+ ! pa/ f ! mod]n example ( sl[ & gradual *anges on ! e>? by =ces :i* h always be5 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 #ahbh appe>$ 8 pap]s on ! excavation ( valleys by ord9>y ag5cies1 su* z ! sun's heat1 fro/1 ra91 runn+ wat] & ! atmosph]e4 ,a v rem>kable book on ! ,geology ( ,c5tral ,france1 ) especial ref]5ce to ! ext9ct volcanoes & lava fl[s ( ! ,auv]gne1 0 writt5 by ,mr4 ,scrope1 & its criticism 0 ! f\ndation ( ! article 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review j notic$4 ,lyell 0 s impress$ ) ! gr& descriptions 9 ! book1 t he det]m9$ to p]suade ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,mur*ison to accompany him on a t\r into ! region4 ,two ( ,lyell's lett]s to 8 fa!r are s *>act]i/ic t !y may well f9d a place "h4 ,cl]mont-,f]r&4 ,may #bf?1 #ahbh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fa!r1 ,i h j return$ aga9 to ,cl]mont1 f an exp$ition ( five days1 & we h discov]$ t !re is no end to ! "w to be done 9 ?is c\ntry1 & t x is ( ! mo/ int]e/+ description4 ,! fir/ day 0 sp5t 9 asc5d+ "s ( ! l(ty volcanic ,puys ne> "h4 ,mrs4 ,mur*ison accompani$ u1 & !n return$ to ,cl]mont1 :]e %e employ$ h]self1 dur+ our abs5ce1 9 mak+ panoramic sket*es1 receiv+ sev]al ( ! g5try & pr(essors1 to :om he _h lett]s1 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & collect+ plants & %ells1 etc41 :ile ,mur*ison & ,i1 ) my man1 w5t on 9 a pata*e1 a "o-horse ma*9e on spr+s4 ,we fir/ visit$ ,pontgibaud & ! ,si\le1 to see ! excavations made by t riv] 9 ! gr& lava-curr5t ( ! ,come1 :i* desc5d$ f ! c5tral range1 & dispossess$ ! riv] ( its b$4 ,! sc5]y 0 beautiful4 ,j z we 7 leav+ ! place1 ! peasants (f]$ to take u to a volcano f>!r d[n ! riv]4 ,z no ,puy 0 m5tion$ 9 ,desm>e/'s accurate map1 nor by ,scrope1 we ?\ght _! acc\nt a m]e fable2 b _! description ( ! c9d]s1 etc4 0 s curi\s1 t we _h ! c\rage to rel9qui% our day's s*eme1 & proce$ aga9 d[n ! riv]4 ,y may imag9e our surprise :5 we f\nd1 )9 a ride ( ,cl]mont1 a set ( volcanic ph5om5a entirely unkn[n to ,buckl&1 ,scrope1 or ! natives "h4 ,a volcanic cone1 ) a /ream ( basaltic lava issu+ out on bo? sides1 & fl[+ d[n to ! gorge ( ! ,si\le4 ,?is defile 0 flank$ on bo? sides by precipit\s cliffs ( gneiss1 & ! riv]'s passage mu/ h be5 entirely *ok$ up = a long "t4 ,a lake 0 =m$1 & ! riv] wore a passage betwe5 ! lava & ! granitic s*i/1 b ! =m] 0 s excessively compact1 t ! s*i/ evid5tly suff]$ mo/4 ,9 ! progress ( ages1 ! igne\s rock1 "o hundr$ & fifty feet deep1 0 cut ?r\gh1 & ! riv] w5t on & ate its way1 ?irty-five1 =ty-five1 & 9 "o place eighty-five feet into ! subjac5t granitic b$s1 leav+ on "o bank a p]p5dicul> wall ( basaltic lava t[]+ ov] ! gneiss4 ,9 ! ,viv>rais1 :]e simil> ph5om5a _h be5 obs]v$1 ,h]s*el _h rem>k$ a b$ ( pebbles betwe5 ! lava & ! gneiss1 m>k+ ! anci5t riv]-b$1 b ,buckl& endeav\r$ to get ov] ?is difficulty by say+ t ^! pebbles might h cov]$ a slop+ bank :5 ! riv] fill$ ! valley1 & t ?is bank may h always be5 high above ! riv] b$2 = if ! slop+ sides ( a valley1 said ! ,pr(essor1 be cov]$ ) pebbles1 z !y (t5 are1 & ! valley is fill$ ) lava1 & !n ! lava cut ?r\gh & p>tially remov$1 !re w ( c\rse be a l9e ( pebbles at ! junction ( ! lava & ! rock b5ea?1 b ^! pebbles w n m>k an anci5t riv] b$4 ,n[1 unluckily = ! doctor 9 ?is case1 he has no loophole2 an old lead m9e1 said to h be5 work$ by ! ,romans1 happ5s to h exactly laid op5 ! l9e ( contact1 & ! pebble b$ ( ! old riv] is se5 go+ 9 "u ! lava1 horizontally1 = ne>ly fifty feet4 ,?is is an a/oni%+ pro( ( :at a riv] c d 9 "s ?\s&s or hundr$ ?\s& ye>s by its cont9ual we>+4 ,no deluge c\ld h desc5d$ ! valley )\t c>ry+ away ! crat] & a%es above4 ,six hundr$ or sev5 hundr$ feet high]1 is an old plateau ( basalt1 & if ?is fl[$ at ! bottom ( ! !n valley1 ! la/ "w ( ! ,si\le is b a unit 9 proportion to ! o!r4 ,!re are sev]al ( ! ,cl]mont savans :o1 s9ce !y discov]$ h[ mu* we 7 int]e/$ ) ?is1 h giv5 u to und]/& !y int5d$ to publi% on x1 b no d\bt !y w take a ye> be=e !y laun* out 9 ! exp5se ( a pata*e to ,pontgibaud4 ,mur*ison c]ta9ly keeps x up ) m en]gy ?an anyone ,i ev] travell$ )1 = ,buckl&1 ?\gh he work$ z h>d1 always flew ab\t too fa/ to make sure ( any?+4 ,mons4 ,le ,coq1 ! botani/1 a clev] "y man1 assures me t ! geology ( ! soils does n affect ! botany ( ,auv]gne4 ,i %all get "s specim5s f him = ,dr4 ,hook]1 ,i expect4 ,none to be b\ght1 at lea/ ?is ye>1 = x seems !re may be h]eaft]4 ,x is a wond]ful fact t ,glaux m>itima gr[s r\nd "s sal9e spr+s "h4 ,busset1 an eng9e]1 :o is mapp+ ,auv]gne1 has =c$ u to d9e ) him to-morr[4 ,z we "k 8 object to be to get geology out ( u1 ( :i* he kn[s no?+1 ,m4 fe>s x w be a bore1 b ! man is evid5tly clev]4 ,we %all get b>ometric heights f him1 & a map ( our little volcanic di/rict1 & if he pumps unreasonably1 ,i %all f9d a difficulty 9 express+ myself 9 ,fr5*4 ,we are to meet ,c\nt ,le ,s]res !re1 a g5tlemanlike & well-in=m$ naturali/1 :o has a prop]ty on ,mont ,dore1 & kn[s m geology ?an anyone we h met "h1 pr(essors n except$4 ,he organiz$ a geological society "h1 & !y *ose ,c\nt ,montlosi] z presid5t2 b ! ,jesuits took al>m1 &1 decl>+ t ,montlosi] _h writt5 a book aga9/ ,g5esis1 got ! ,prefect & ,mayor & ,gov]nm5t to oppose1 & at la/ put ! ?+ d[n2 at lea/ x m]g$ 9 ! regul> sci5tific ,etablissem5t de la ,ville1 & ,montlosi] is j com+ out ) a book aga9/ ! ,jesuits1 a m popul> subject 9 ,france at pres5t ?an geology4 ,we are to visit him at 8 *teau ne> ,mont ,dore4 ,we l ! p & ! c\ntry4 ,believe me1 y\r affectionate son1 ,,*>les ,,lyell4 ,,to ,,8 ,,fa!r4 ,ba9s de ,mont ,dore1 ,auv]gne4 ,june #f?1 #ahhb4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fa!r1 ,i am at ?is mom5t arriv$ "h1 aft] pass+ ?ree delightful days at ,c\nt de ,montlosi]'s1 an old man ( sev5ty-f\r1 9 full possession ( faculties ( no mean ord]1 & ( an imag9ation z lively z a poet's ( tw5ty-five4 ,i /ay$ a day long] ?an ! ,mur*isons1 z ,i 0 det]m9$ to h "o m trial to f9d a junction betwe5 ! granite ( ! ,puy *a9 & ! fre% wat] =mations ( ! ,limagne1 & ,i actually f\nd x2 & my day's "w alone w ?r[ a new light on ! hi/ory ( ?is rem>kable c\ntry4 ,i believe mo/ ( ! granite to h made its appe>ance at ! surface at a lat] p]iod ?an ev5 ! fre% wat] t]ti>y b$s h1 ?\gh !y conta9 ! rema9s ( quadrup$s4 ,! sc5]y ( ,mont ,dore is t ( an ,alp9e valley1 deep1 ) tall fir woods1 high aiguilles above1 half cov]$ ) sn[1 & cat>acts & wat]falls4 ,a wat]+-place ) good views at ! bottom ( ! valley4 ,i %all s5d ,hall back f "h1 z1 al?\gh he has be5 useful1 ,i d n ?9k ! advantage w ov]balance ! additional exp5se4 ,le ,coq has promis$ "s plants = c]ta91 & ,hall has done pretty well 9 insects4 ,believe me1 y\r affectionate son1 ,,*>les ,,lyell4 ,lyell 0 n sp>+ ( criticism s f> z 8 fri5d ,mur*ison's habits 7 conc]n$1 z may be glean$ 9 ! foll[+ lett]3-- ,,to ,,8 ,,"m4 ,ba9s de ,mont ,dore1 ,auv]gne4 ,june #aa?1 #ahbh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,"m1 ,we h be5 s actively employ$1 ,i may really say s labori\sly1 t ,i assure y ,i c ) great difficulty f9d a mom5t to write a lett]4 ,?is morn+ we got (f1 aft] breakfa/ at five o'clock1 on horseback1 to return f ,/4 ,am& to ?is3 arriv$ at sev5 o'clock4 ,b "o day we rode fifty-five miles1 :i* ,i %all take c>e %all be ! la/ exp]im5t ( t k9d1 z ev5 ! old ,leice/]%ire fox-hunt] 0 ne>ly done up ) x4 ,b ,i h really ga9$ /r5g? s mu*1 t ,i believe ,i & my eyes 7 nev] 9 su* condition be=e2 & ,i am sure t six h\rs 9 b$1 :i* is all we all[1 & ex]cise all day long = ! body1 & geology = ! m9d1 ) pl5ty ( ! v9 du pays1 :i* is good "h1 is ! be/ ?+ t c be inv5t$ 9 ?is _w = my heal? & happ9ess4 ,mur*ison mu/ h be5 int5d$ = a v /rong man1 if ! sell]s ( drugs _h n enli/$ him into _! s]vice1 s t he dep5ds on !m = 8 exi/5ce to a frightful ext5t1 yet )al he c get ?r\gh :at w\ld knock up mo/ m5 :o nev] ne$ ! doctor4 ,he has only giv5 9 "o day & a half yet4 ,on "o occasion we 7 on an exp$ition toge!r1 & z a /rong] dose 0 necess>y ?an he _h ) him1 ,i 0 n a little al>m$ at f9d+ !re 0 no ph>macy 9 ! place1 b at la/ we w5t to a nunn]y1 :]e ,mdlle4 la ,suprieuse sold all m$ic9es )\t pr(it--positively a "y1 clev]1 & r good-look+ lady1 :o hop$ my fri5d w\ld ?9k bett] ( x1 z ! quantity w\ld kill six ,fr5*m54 ,m4 0 cur$1 & (f ! next morn+1 z usual4 ,! mis*ief is1 t he has naturally a weak ?\gh a s\nd /oma*1 & if he possess$ a m ?an ord9>y %>e ( self-d5ial1 & 0 v prud5t1 & aft] mu* ex]cise did n eat a good d9n] :5 set be=e him--if1 9 %ort1 he w\ld take ! advice :i* _m f9d x easy to give him1 he w\ld be well4 ,he has mu* tal5t = orig9al obs]vation 9 geology1 & is indefatigable1 s t we make mu* way1 & are ?r[n s mu* 9 ! way ( ! p1 high & l[1 by means ( our lett]s ( introduction1 & our pursuits1 t ,i am gett+ l>ge mat]ials1 :i* ,i hope ,i %all f9d means ( apply+4 ,inde$1 ,i really ?9k ,i am mo/ pr(itably employ$ on ?is t\r1 & z long z ?+s g on z well z !y d n[1 ,i %\ld be v sorry to leave (f2 p>ticul>ly z1 f our plan ( op]ation1 :i* is t ( comp>ison ( ! /ructure ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 we "w on ) a cont9ually increas+ p[]1 & 9 ! la/ week h ) ! same ex]tion done at lea/ twice z mu* 9 ! way ( discov]y1 & 9 enl>g+ our k ( :at o!rs _h done1 z 9 any prec$+4 ,i expect x w be at lea/ ?ree weeks be=e we c h done ) ,c5tral ,france1 & !n we hope to "w s\? t[>ds ,nice1 d[n ! ,rhone1 keep+ always 9 analog\s =mations1 & !n to ! ,vic5t91 if possible1 ?\gh ?is is v unc]ta91 z we c nev] see f> be=e u1 ei!r z to "t or place1 direct+ our c\rse accord+ to ! new lights we are ga9+4 ,we %all leave ?is place 9 a day or two4 ,i l x well en\gh1 b x is c]ta9ly too e>ly 9 ! season to enjoy x2 & ,mrs4 ,mur*ison suff]s f ! cold & damp1 ?\gh %e has n (t5 compla9$ 9 ?is tone4 ,mont ,dore is p>tially cov]$ ) sn[1 & almo/ always ) cl\ds1 & ! transition 9 com+ up "h f ! l[ c\ntry is viol5t4 ,ye/]day we rode up f ! climate ( ,italy to t ( ,scotl&4 ,x is ! mo/ v>i$ & picturesque c\ntry imag9able4 ,!re are innum]able old ru9s = sket*es1 ) lakes1 cascades1 & diff]5t k9ds ( wood1 s t we wond] m & m t ! ,engli% h n f\nd x out4 ,! peasantry are v oblig+1 indu/ri\s1 well-f$1 & clo!d1 & to all appe>ance are ! v happie/ ,i ev] saw4 ,we h cross$ ! *a9 ( ,puys1 ! ,limagne1 & ! valleys lead+ f ,mont ,dore1 9 all directions4 ,! p 9 ! high] regions beg9 to talk ,fr5*--at lea/ !re are g5]ally "s :o h s]v$ 9 ! armies1 & _! *ildr5 cat* "s f !m4 ,_! own language has a good deal ( ! old ,prov5al 9 x1 & a great _m ( ! t]m9ations are ,italian4 ,9 %ort1 we (t5 f9d a dem& 9 ,italian succe$ :5 ,fr5* misses fire2 b all our ammunition (t5 fails to produce any impression4 ,! population is d5se1 & be>s no o!r resemblance to o!r p>ts ( ,france t ev] ,i saw4 ,9 ! m\nta9s a l>ge portion d n believe t ,napoleon is dead1 especially ! old soldi]s4 ,!re is an almo/ entire want ( g5try "h1 b z x does n arise f abs5teeism1 b f ! great sub-division ( prop]ty1 x evid5tly produces no ill effects on ! "* & well-be+ ( ! p4 ,give my love to all at ,k9nordy1 & believe me ,y\r affectionate son1 ,,*>les ,,lyell4 ,aft] visit+ ! s\? ( ,france ) ,mur*ison1 ,lyell prep>$ to cross ! ,alps & to see ,vesuvius1 he be+ impress$ ) ! necessity ( /udy+ t gr& mod]n example 9 ord] to und]/&1 p]fectly1 ! ext9ct volcanoes !y _h be5 /udy+ 9 ! ,auv]gne4 ,he wrote 8 fa!r--8,i sc>cely despair n[1 s mu* d ^! evid5ces ( mod]n action increase ^u u z we g s\? 7t[>ds ! m rec5t volcanic seat ( action7 ( prov+ ! positive id5tity ( ! causes n[ op]at+ ) ^? ( =m] times40 ,?is 0 always 8 po9t1 & x c]ta9ly 0 n ,mur*ison's4 ,:5 at ,vesuvius1 ,lyell recogniz$ ! simil>ity ( "s v old volcanic dykes ( ,scotl& ) ^? rec5tly expos$ 9 ! old crat]4 ,etna 0 visit$1 & he 0 delight$ at f9d+ sea-%ells1 resembl+ ^? n[ liv+ on ! floor ( ! ,m$it]ranean close by1 "s ?ree hundr$ feet above sea level4 ,:il/ at ,naples1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! highly sugge/ive sc5]y ( ! beautiful neighb\rhood1 ,lyell wrote to ,mur*ison a v *>act]i/ic lett]1 :i* %\ld be well pond]$ ov] ev5 by weal?y m5 :o ent] into ! /udies ( nature1 & :i* might be read ) b5efit by ^? p :o on ?is n ov] civiliz$ e>?1 hold ! purse-/r+s ( ! _w & treat sci5tific tea*]s ) gross meanness4 ,) all 8 advantages ,lyell c\ld n und]take ! rese>* :i* made him fam\s1 :i* has t5d$ to elevate our conception ( ! laws ( nature1 & :i* has done s mu* to lead geologi/s along ! "r pa?1 )\t c>+ mu* = pecuni>y matt]s4 ,he wrote1 8,i w tell y fairly t x is at pres5t ( no small consequ5ce to me to get a respectable sum = my volume1 n only to cov] exp5ses = pres5t & future project$ campaigns1 b because my mak+ my hobby pay ! additional co/s :i* x entails1 w alone ju/ify my pursu+ x ) a m9d suffici5tly satisfi$ ) itself1 & s to feel indep5d5t & free to indulge 9 ! en?usiasm necess>y = success4 ,i %all nev] hope to make money by geology1 b n to lose1 & tax o!rs = my amusem5t2 & unless ,i c secure ?is1 x w\ld1 9 my circum/ances1 be selfi% 9 me to devote myself z mu* z ,i hope to d to x40 ,^! s5tim5ts did ,lyell great hon\r4 8,my "w is 9 "p writt51 & all plann$4 ,x w n pret5d to give ev5 an ab/ract ( all t is kn[n 9 geology1 b x w endeav\r to e/abli% ! pr9ciple ( reason+ on ! sci5ce4 ,all my geology w come 9 z illu/rative ( my views ( ^? pr9ciples1 & z evid5ce /r5g!n+ ! sy/em necess>ily aris+ out ( ! admission ( su* pr9ciples1 :i* z y "k1 are nei!r m nor less ?an1 t no causes :atev] h1 f ! e>lie/ "t to :i* we c look back to ! pres5t1 ev] act$1 b ^? n[ act+2 & t !y nev] act$ ) diff]5t degrees ( en]gy f t :i* !y n[ ex]t4 ,if ,i c b e>n ! :]e) to c>ry on ! w>1 or r1 its extraord9>y co/s1 dep5d ^u x ,i w wa/e no "t 9 book-mak+ = lucre's sake40 ,lyell's long-expect$ book on ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,geology0 0 publi%$ 9 #ahcj1 & x made a v consid]able s5sation1 & 0 w>mly combat$ & abus$4 ,n[ x is admitt$ z ! mo/ conclusive & useful ( introductory books1 fit = a y\?1 & em95tly good 9 its tone4 ,!n ! man1 ev] on ! move1 left = ! ,pyr5ees1 & /udi$ ! =mations !re1 & especially devot$ himself to ! explanation ( ripple-m>ks 9 ! hundr$s ( feet ( rock1 & notic$ ! effects ( wat]-borne & air-c>ri$ s& 9 accumulat+ flats ( ripples "o ov] ! o!r4 ,9 #ahca ,lyell accept$ ! position ( ,pr(essor ( ,geology 9 ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 & he gave c\rses ( lectures !re 9 #ahcb & #ahcc2 & he became engag$ to ,m>y1 ! elde/ daught] ( ,mr4 ,leon>d ,horn]1 a geologi/ ( consid]able reputation1 & a ?or\ghly lib]al-m9d$ man4 ,mr4 ,horn] 0 a great fri5d ( ,lyell's be=e ! engagem5t1 & 0 a mo/ pa9/ak+ man & a great manag] at ! ,geological ,society4 ,lyell's lett]s to ,miss ,horn] are mo/ int]e/+1 & %[ h[ admirable a woman %e 0 & h[ %e /imulat$ him to foll[ out 8 great de/9y4 ,8 "w on ! 8,pr9ciples0 became a great pecuni>y success1 & he lab\r$ h>d at ,k+'s ,college1 & 0 mu* annoy$ at ! decision ( ! c\ncil at ! ,college1 n to all[ wom5 to att5d 8 lectures1 :i* 7 a great success4 ,m>ri$1 ,lyell />t$ = ,g]many1 ! ,rh9e1 & ,switz]l&4 ,com+ home to ,london1 he set to "w at 8 lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 :]e ladies 7 admitt$1 & at ,k+'s ,college1 :]e !y 7 n4 ,he _h two hundr$ & fifty p to he> 8 introductory lecture at ,k+'s ,college1 & x dw9dl$ d[n to fifte5 9 a few days1 n f any want ( c>e or excell5ce 9 ,lyell1 :o 0 ev] bitt] aga9/ ! e/abli%m5t = _! refusal to advance female education4 ,he retir$ f ! pr(essor%ip z soon z he f\nd t x int]f]$ ) 8 rese>*es1 & nev] aga9 took any "p 9 academical tea*+4 ,! tr\ble he took ab\t 8 lectures 0 great1 & he w5t to great exp5se 9 hav+ diagrams well drawn4 ,8 retirem5t 0 a great loss to ! ,college1 :i* n[ admits ladies to c]ta9 lectures4 ,9 #ahcd1 ,lyell travell$ 9 ,sw$5 & exam9$ into ! rise ( ! l& 9 ,sc&9avia1 & :il/ enjoy+ 8 h>d geological "w--= he 0 well receiv$ by ev]ybody1 & tak5 to see ev]y?+--8 lett]s %[ h[ he miss$ 8 g5tle & sympa?iz+ wife4 ,on 8 return home ,lyell receiv$ "o ( ! ,royal ,society m$als = 8 "w on ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,geology10 & 9 #ahch became ,presid5t ( ! ,geological ,society4 ,ab\t ?is "t 8 att5tion 0 /rongly drawn to ! relative numb]s ( liv+ species f\nd 9 ! /rata :i* _h be5 =m$ dur+ ! la/ geological or t]ti>y age4 ,9 work+ at ,sicily he _h f\nd t 9 ! late/ b$s 9 :i* ! %ells 7 h>dly fossilis$1 all ! species 7 /ill liv+4 ,t is to say1 he collect$ %ells :i* 7 ( c\rse dead1 b !y 7 simil> to o!rs :i* 7 alive on ! floor ( ! sea close by4 ,! individual _h di$1 b ! k9d or species 0 /ill alive4 ,he exam9$ ! late/ /rata 9 ,engl&1 ! crag ( ,norfolk1 ,suffolk1 & ,essex1 & f\nd t ! proportion ( rec5t %ells--t is to say1 ( dead individuals belong+ to liv+ species--is great4 ,"s ( ! %ells belong$ to k9ds :i* are n n[ liv+1 & are ext9ct4 ,he wrote1 8,i ?9k we may lay x d[n z a rule1 t if any giv5 t]ti>y deposit 9 :i* we h f\nd a few species ( %ells only1 ( :i* "o half1 or a ?ird1 or ev5 less1 are rec5t1 & ^? rec5t ones inhabit ! seas imm$iately adjo9+1 ! =mation w be plioc5e40 ,?is ^w 0 "o ( ?ree inv5t$ by ,dr4 ,:ewell1 ( ,cambridge1 at ,lyell's sugge/ion to expla9 ! gradual developm5t ( ! rec5t animals & plants dur+ ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! globe4 ,! o!r t]ms 7 8mioc5e0 & 8eoc5e40 ,! mo/ anci5t deposit :i* 0 suppos$ by ,lyell to conta9 evid5ces ( exi/+ g5]a 0 at ! dawn ( ! la/ great geological p]iod1 ! t]ti>y4 ,x 0 call$ eoc5e f 1 dawn1 1 rec5t4 ,! next deposits ov]ly+ ^! old] ones conta9$1 accord+ to 8 e/imate1 sev5te5 p] c5t4 ( liv+ species1 all ! re/ be+ ext9ct2 & !y 7 call$ mioc5e1 f 1 less1 & 1 rec5t2 express+ a m9or proportion ( rec5t species to t f\nd 9 ! topmo/ & mo/ rec5t t]ti>y deposits4 ,^! la/ conta9 a l>ge proportion ( rec5t species1 & are call$ plioc5e1 1 m1 & 1 rec5t4 ,x 0 a gr& !ory1 :i* has rema9$ almo/ unalt]$1 & x influ5c$ ! progress ( geology1 = x pla9ly inf]r$ t ! liv+ ?+s ( ! pres5t h be5 l9k$ ) ^? ( ! pa/ "t by direct desc5t2 t _m =ms ( life h become ext9ct1 & t !re is "s wond]ful law relat+ to ?is4 ,ab\t ?is "t _m 7 ! geological h]esies1 & ! lov]s ( ! notion ( ! viol5t actions ( nature evolv$ !ories ab\t volcanoes & ! occurr5ce ( va/ waves to acc\nt = ! pres5ce ( ! great masses ( rock :i* are f\nd /rewn f> & wide & away f _! s\rces4 ,^! ,lyell successfully antagoniz$4 ,he !n publi%$ ! 8,elem5ts ( ,geology10 & 8 "t 0 fully occupi$ 9 ! meet+s ( ! ,geological ,society1 9 criticis+ "w1 & 9 g5ial sci5tific society4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahda ,lyell cross$ ! ,atlantic1 & sp5t ?irte5 mon?s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,canada1 & ,nova ,scotia4 ,he work$ h>d z an obs]v] & record]1 & 8 comp>isons betwe5 ! /rata 9 ! ,new & ,old ,_w are full ( int]e/4 ,writ+ f ,philadelphia to 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,mr4 ,horn]1 he says1 8,"h ,i am work+ away 9 qu>ries ( gre5s& & pick+ up belemnites & o!r cretace\s fossils20 & !n to ,dr4 ,mantell1 8,aft] /ay+ two days we w5t by ,new ,york & ! ,hudson to ,albany1 :]e ,i began my explor+s 9 ! silurian /rata1 & f :5ce ,i exam9$ ! valley ( ! ,mohawk4 ,! ,falls ( ,niag>a 7 z beautiful z ,i expect$1 p]haps sc>cely s gr&1 b 9 geological int]e/ f> beyond my mo/ sangu9e hopes4 ,s ,i %all s5d a pap] on ! pro(s ( _! recession to ! ,geological ,society4 ,i w n dwell on !m n[4 ,aft] sp5d+ "s "t !re1 ,i exam9$ s]iatim1 all ! silurian gr\ps & ! old r$ & coal on ! bord]s ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,return+ to ,albany1 ,i w5t s\? to ,philadelphia1 & sp5t f\r days 9 collect+ 9 ! diff]5t divisions ( ! gre5s&1 & 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,! analogy ( ! g5]a1 & ev5 ( ! species ( ! ,european *alk1 is mo/ /rik+40 ,"o ( 8 duties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 to give a c\rse ( lectures at ! ,l[ell ,in/itute1 at :i* 8 audi5ces am\nt$ to two ?\s&4 ,he also w5t nor?1 & made "s mo/ important inve/igations ) ,dr4 ,dawson1 !n a comp>atively unkn[n s*ool mission>y /ruggl+ to le>n some?+ ab\t nature1 & n[ "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ geologi/s 9 ! _w4 ,!y dug out roots call$ by fossili/s /igm>i1 :i* once support$ huge trees call$ sigill>i 9 ! days ( ! coal =mation1 & !y measur$ foot by foot _m hundr$s ( y>ds ( ! cliffs ( ! n[ celebrat$ place call$ ,togg9s1 9 ,nova ,scotia4 ,!re !y f\nd r[s ( trees1 "o ov] ! o!r1 erect1 & indicat+ t1 :5 ! "p ( ! e>? n[ cut into by ! sea & expos$ z a cliff 0 =m$1 !re 0 a s]ies ( ages1 ea* hav+ its =e/1 ea* ( :i* 0 ov]:elm$1 & ?us =e/ aft] =e/ accumulat$4 ,among/ ! trees 7 "s holl[ ones1 & !y conta9$ little fossils1 su* z %ells & scales4 ,!y 7 objects ( int]e/1 b x 0 n until lat] on t ,lyell & ,dawson saw _! importance4 ,?is subt]ranean =e/ exce$s 9 ext5t & quantity ( timb] all t h be5 f\nd 9 ,europe put toge!r4 ,! new deposit ( r$ s& ( ! num]\s e/u>ies !re af=d$ !m endless in/ruction4 8,at ?is place1 ,truro1 ! tide is said to rise sev5ty-five feet1 & we see ! bottom ( a deep salt-wat] sea1 its rippl$ s&s1 %ells & holes ( ,mya & ,tell9a & _! tracks1 footm>ks ( birds & worms1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! clays crack & are m>k$ ) ! ra91 & sometimes %ells includ$ rec5tly 9 solid models ( clay/one4 ,i h also le>n$ m ab\t ! geological effects ( drift+ ice 9 ! la/ t5 days ?an 9 all ! ,canadian t\r40 ,lyell return$ to ,engl&1 &1 aft] a %ort re/1 />t$ = ! nor? ( ,irel&4 ,he wrote to 8 si/]3 8,we h j return$ f a walk ov] ! gr& pavem5t 7,giant's ,causeway71 ! effect ( :i* 0 z picturesque z ! ev5+ sun & "s :ite break]s roll+ & foam+ ov] ! black rocks c\ld make x4 ,mu* z ,i h be5 pleas$ ) ! sight1 x /rikes me t !re are p>ts ( ,/affa away f ,f+al's ,cave1 & :i* travell]s h seldom leisure to visit1 :i* are ev5 f9] 9 precisely ! same /yle4 ,! geology ( ,antrim is v int]e/+--s _m =mations1 su* z *alk1 gre5 s&1 lias1 new r$--& ! coal be+ repres5t$ by su* di/9ctly *>act]iz$ & yet su* ?9 sets ( /rata1 comp>$ to ! same gr\ps else:]e2 & !n ! gr& trap or basaltic mass cov]+ & cutt+ ?r\gh !m all40 ,(t5 slightly political 9 8 ideas1 ,lyell wrote mu* ab\t ! ,iri% peasantry1 & spoke ( !m z ! quick1 oblig+1 & f9e-look+ natives ( ! ,gre5 ,isl&4 ,he rem>k$1 9 #ahdc1 8,"o _c help fe>+ t ! anti-,engli% _s has sunk deep into ! he>ts ( ! millions "h1 = !y read no?+ b ,o',connell's newspap]s1 f :i* he artfully excludes1 )\t appe>+ to !m to d s1 e o!r =eign or dome/ic topic ( int]e/ except repeal & ,iri% grievances--a great proportion ( !m n[ bygone40 ,he kept /eadily at "w prep>+ 8 ,am]ican travels = publication1 & 9 a note to a fri5d reg>d+ ! nature ( coal1 he in/anc$ ! swamps ( ,virg9ia4 8,! ,virg9ian morasses all[1 "u a hot sun1 great accumulations ( black vegetable matt]1 ne>ly l peat1 & :i* might make coal4 ,! %ade ( ,cupressus di/i*i1 ,?uya1 & wat] oaks %ut out ! sun1 & f]ns & mosses draw 9 ! damp air b5ea?1 :ile ! heat causes evaporation1 & evaporation cold4 ,"o swamp :i* ,i saw is =ty miles long by tw5ty broad4 ,?\s&s ( pro/rate trees are 9 ! peat40 ,"s inve/igators held t ! atmosph]e mu/ h conta9$ a l>ge am\nt ( c>bonic acid gas dur+ ! ages 9 :i* coal 0 be+ =m$ out ( decay+ vegetation1 b ,lyell1 adh]+ to 8 /rictly uni=mit>ian views1 d5i$ ?is1 & consid]$ ! ,virg9ian swamps to be explanatory ( ! =mation ( coal4 ,lyell w5t to see ! skeleton1 br\ght by a ,g]man nam$ ,ko* f ! ,miss\ri1 ( a v l>ge ma/odon1 & 0 wond]fully amus$ to notice h[ ?is savant _h made x up out ( fragm5ts4 8,he has turn$ ! huge tusks ! wrong way--horizontally1 has made ! fir/ pair ( ribs into coll>-bones1 & has int]calat$ sev]al spuri\s dorsal & tail v]tebr1 & has plac$ ! toe-bones wrong to prove1 :at he really believes1 t x 0 web-foot$4 ,i ?9k he is a mixture ( an en?usia/ & an impo/or1 b m ( ! =m]1 & amus+ly ignorant4 ,8 mode ( adv]tis+ is a ?\s& doll>s rew>d = anyone :o w prove t ! bones ( 8 ,miss\rium are made ( wood4 ,he is soon to take !m to ,london1 :5 y w h a treat1 & see a l>g] femur 7?igh-bone7 ?an t ( ,iguanodon40 ,he 0 delight$ ) ! ,am]icans4 ,lyell revisit$ ,am]ica 9 #ahde1 & on return+ across ! ,atlantic 9 #ahdf1 n>r[ly escap$ %ipwreck on an iceb]g2 b he made an int]e/+ obs]vation ab\t "o great b]g4 8,x _h a l>ge rock1 twelve feet squ>e1 on ! top1 & mu* gravel & s& on its side4 ,! b]gs 7 f fifty to f\r hundr$ feet 9 height1 pyramidal1 p9nacl$1 dome-%ap$1 s+le-peak$1 d\ble-peak$1 flat-topp$1 & ( e =m & mo/ picturesque1 & only a qu>t] ( a mile (f u40 ,! lesson 0 n lo/1 = ,lyell _h ?us ocul> pro( conc]n+ h[ /ones ( huge size & gravity1 c travel f> f _! prop] location4 ,& z ^! iceb]gs capsize or melt he 0 confirm$ 9 8 views t _m deposits ( huge /ones & gravels 9 ! =m ( 8drift0 h be5 produc$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,hav+ n[ atta9$ great em95ce1 ,lyell began to write & agitate ab\t ! sci5tific tea*+ ( ! ,univ]sities1 & 8 op9ion ( ! decid$ly unprogressive "* ( !m 0 prov$ to be correct :5 only f\r heads ( h\ses out ( tw5ty-f\r 7 at ,ox=d to receive ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce4 ,he urg$ /rongly ! necessity ( plac+ ! lay tea*] on ! same pecuni>y level z ! cl]gy4 ,moreov]1 he made a vigor\s attempt to h truly sci5tific presid5ts ( ! ,royal ,society1 & n only noblem5 ( high & royal /&+4 ,! ,que5 hon\r$ ,lyell ) h] reg>d1 & ,pr9ce ,alb]t us$ to get him to talk ab\t ,am]ica & ! ,am]icans1 li/5+ always ) great int]e/4 ,he 0 knight$ = 8 di/+ui%$ s]vices to sci5ce1 & ! conf]r+ ( ?is dignity pleas$ ! :ole sci5tific _w4 ,9 #ahdi ,sir ,*>les ,lyell 0 re-elect$ presid5t ( ! ,geological ,society1 & ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 ,dr4 ,sumn]1 att5d$ at ! annual d9n] giv5 on ! occasion4 ,aft] ! expiration ( 8 presid5cy1 ,lyell aga9 w5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 &1 return+1 visit$ ,t5]iffe1 ! ,gr& ,can>y1 & ,palma1 arriv+ 9 ,engl& 9 #ahed4 ,9 #ahee & ! two foll[+ ye>s ,sir ,*>les & ,lady ,lyell travell$ mu* on ! cont95t1 & always ) a view ( /udy+ exi/+ nature s z to compreh5d ! pa/4 ,he 0 gratifi$ by f9d+ t mo/ ( ! ris+ tea*]s 9 ,g]many 7 us+ 8 books z text books = _! lectures1 & t ! doctr9es ( ,hutton he _h elaborat$ 7 s mu* appreciat$4 ,9 ,switz]l&1 ,lyell int]e/$ himself m ?an ev] ab\t ! great rema9s ( =m] ice action on ! rocks4 ,he 0 at "o "t dispos$ to believe t c]ta9 masses ( mud conta9+ angul> /ones1 d]iv$ f a di/ance1 c\ld h be5 produc$ by ! sea1 b n f9d+ any rema9s ( m>9e animals1 or evid5ce ( su* action z ! ice w\ld produce 9 r\nd+ & wat]we>+ /one1 he began to exam9e ! influ5ce ( glaci]s 9 we>+ rocks & c>ry+ ! rubbi% d[n ) !m4 ,he 0 ( c\rse aw>e t !re _h be5 an age ( cold 9 ,switz]l&1 correspond+ to ! glacial epo* ( ,europe to ! nor?1 & he 0 !re=e prep>$ to f9d "s pro(s ( ! =m] great ext5sion ( glaci]s beyond _! pres5t limits4 ,he 0 dispos$ to believe t ! ,alps 7 high] ?an !y n[ are 9 t age ( cold4 ,9 ord] to acc\nt = ! =m] action ( ice & ! production ( huge mora9es1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ^? n[ f\nd at ! glaci] foot are pigmies1 ,lyell wrote3 8,9 ! glacial p]iod1 :5 ! weight ( ice 0 enorm\sly great]1 :5 9 ! region ( ! ,alps !re 0 s little melt+1 :5 glaci]s at pres5t only t51 fifte51 & tw5ty miles long1 & f ?ree hundr$ to "o ?\s& feet deep1 7 fifty to "o hundr$1 & ev5 "o hundr$ & fifty miles long1 & f\r ?\s& feet deep 7& if !re is any tru? at all 9 ! g5]ally receiv$ !ory ( ! old ,swiss glaci]s1 su* mu/ h be5 _! gigantic dim5sions71 "o may readily grant t ! pressure & friction 7 s mu* 9 excess ( :at we n[ see z to expla9 ! contra/ betwe5 ! ice "w done 9 ! old5 times1 & t accompli%$ 9 our own days1 to say no?+ ( ! probably disproportionate l5g? ( ! p]iods comp>$40 ,he notic$ an old t]m9al mora9e1 9 advance ( ! new "o ( ! ,rhone glaci]1 cov]$ ) wild plants1 "s 9 full fl[]1 & cut ?r\gh 9 two places by ! riv]2 its height 0 only fifte5 feet1 & its wid? n9ety feet4 ,he w5t und]nea? ! ,vies* glaci] 9 ! ,upp] ,vallais1 & beyond x2 9 consequ5ce ( its hav+ melt$ mu*1 he saw a r\nd$ & dom$ surface ( granite1 smoo?1 & ) /raight furr[s a qu>t] ( an in* deep exactly 9 ! direction ( ! onw>d movem5t ( ! glaci]4 ,on ! ,ruffelhorn1 on ! "r lat]al mora9e1 t is on ! surface ( ! ice close to ! rocks1 he saw a spl5did mass ( granite1 angul> 9 %ape1 & measur+ fifty-n9e feet long1 =ty-n9e feet wide1 & =ty-two feet high4 ,its sides 7 poli%$ & furr[$4 ,?is huge mass 0 be+ c>ri$ sl[ly d[n1 by ! glaci]1 & w be deposit$ at its foot "s day or o!r4 ,once x =m$ a "p ( ! valley side1 & x fell on to ! glaci]1 ^: flanks _h scrubb$ x = _m a long day4 ,he p>ticul>ly notic$ h[ ! glaci]s _h be5 advanc+ ( late ye>s 7j z !y are n[ rec$+74 ,lyell foll[$ out ^! rese>*es on ! s\? ( ! ,alps1 & he fir/ ( all made _m excursions1 accompani$ by ,ga/aldi1 "o ( ! be/ ( ! sci5tific m5 ( ,tur91 & by ,mi*elotti1 9 ord] to comp>e ! %ells :i* are f\nd fossil 9 ! middle t]ti>y /rata on ! s\? ( ! ,alps1 ) ^? ( ! molasse ( ,switz]l& to ! nor?4 ,he f\nd t ^! /rata1 sep>at$ by ! great mass ( ! m\nta9s1 resembl$ ea* o!r some:at m9]alogically z well z 9 _! fossils1 b he 0 n able to make out t !y 7 exactly ( ! same geological age1 al?\gh x 0 highly probable4 ,he wrote on ! glaci]s anci5t & mod]n ( ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,alps1 & 9 relation to ! =m]--8,a comp>ison also ( ! ext9ct glaci]s ( ! ,italian & ,swiss sides ( ! ,alps c bett] be made f ,tur9 ?an f any o!r place4 ,be=e my arrival ,i _h se51 on ! banks ( ! ,lago ,maggiore1 "s good examples ( erratics & ( mora9es :i* _h come f ! ,simplon1 b ^!1 z y might suppose1 a priori are f> inf]ior to ^? :i* h desc5d$ f ! ,val d',ao/a1 or :i* belong to ! mighty glaci] d]iv$ f ! comb9$ sn[s ( ! ,mont ,blanc & ! ,mont ,rosa gr\p ( ,alp9e heights4 ,?is glaci]1 al?\gh p]haps ( less gigantic dim5sions ?an t ( ! ,rhone1 has c]ta9ly left1 z ,ga/aldi fir/ po9t$ out 9 a memoir on ! subject1 a f> m impos+ monum5t ( itself on ! pla9s ( ! ,po1 ?an h ! ext9ct glaci]s ( ! ,rhone or ! ,rh9e1 9 ! l[] c\ntry ( ,switz]l&40 ,he notic$ t 8,j4 ,d4 ,=bes has well %[n 9 8 book on ! ,alps1 t a glaci] is a peculi>ly s5sitive in/rum5t = measur+ ! av]age ( heat & cold1 & t e slight diff]5ce ( temp]ature causes x to increase or less5 9 height & l5g?40 ,& pursu+ ! argum5t1 rem>ks t z geologi/s _h %[n f ! nature ( ! fossil rema9s 9 lately =m$ gravels1 t arctic animals liv$ f> s\? 9 ,europe1 %ortly be=e ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 we ought to f9d evid5ces ( ! cold climate :i* all[$ ^? animals to live s f> s\?4 ,^! evid5ces are at h& 9 ! rema9s ( ! glaci]s1 :i* 9 ^? days ext5d$ f> l[] ?an !y d n[1 & 7 gr&] 9 ext5t4 ,?us a l(ty m\nd or ridge1 two ?\s& feet high1 call$ ! ,s]ra1 runn+ into ! great alluvial flat ( ! ,riv] ,po1 :]e maize & mulb]ries gr[1 is a huge t]m9al mora9e ( an anci5t glaci]4 ,ice reign$ supreme !re 9 ! glacial p]iod1 & br\ght d[n ! /one f ! di/ant hills1 & deposit$ x on ! ,s]ra4 ,9 ,=f>%ire1 ,lyell _h notic$ ! peculi> contort$ appe>ance ( ! b$s ( clay1 gravel & s& ( glacial =mation1 & also 9 ! mud cliffs ( ,norfolk4 ,he 0 anxi\s to "k :e!r any ( ! anci5t glacial heaps or mora9es ( ! c\ntry s\? ( ! ,alps1 %[$ simil> indications ( pressure & =c+ along by ice4 8,x happ5$ t a railway 0 mak+ f ,tur9 to ,ivrea1 & al?\gh !y cut ?r\gh ! l[e/ "p ( ! t]m9al mora9es ne> ,mazzi !y h ?\ght x wor? :ile to make a tunnel1 ?r\gh :i* we walk$40 ,ne> ! entrance1 8,i 0 delight$10 wrote ,lyell1 8to see t curi\s fold+ ( ! /rata1 :i* w cause ! same b$s to be "h pi]c$ by a p]p5dicul> %aft1 yet )\t ! b$s hav+ p>ticipat$ 9 ! movem5t40 ,full ( ?is important subject he wrote fully on x4 8,9 ord] to appreciate ! di/9ctive "* ( ?is colossal mora9e1 y mu/ reflect on ! uni=mity & ev5ness ( ! va/ pla9 ( ! ,po all r\nd x1 =1 al?\gh really incl9$ f ! ,alps1 x looks z level z ! sea2 !n fancy ! great m\nds slop+ up at angles ( #bj & #cj to heights ( #ejj1 #ajjj1 #aejj & #bjjj feet2 !n consid] t at ! v extremity1 z ne> ,caluso1 !re are blocks ( protog9e :i* h come "o hundr$ miles f ,mont ,blanc2 also t ! :ole assemblage ( /ones is n l t :i* has issu$ f ! ,susa1 or f any o!r valley1 b conf9$ to rocks su* z n[ /rictly belong to ! bas9 ( ! ,dora ,baltea2 also t ! pebbles & fragm5ts ( /one1 if ( s]p5t9e or any easily /riable rock1 are all /riat$1 at lea/ n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ! :ole1 :]eas 9 a rec5t glaci] :i* has only travell$ t5 miles1 y might only f9d "o 9 tw5ty ( ! same /one /riat$2 & la/ly1 ?9k ( ! n>r[ vomitory :i* has disgorg$ ?is enorm\s quantity ( mat]ial1 ! rav9e above ,ivrea be+ z obvi\sly ! s\rce ( ! :ole1 z is ! crat] ( ,vesuvius ! po9t f :i* its lavas h issu$4 ,:5 ,ga/aldi read 8 pap] to ! ,geological ,society at ,p>is1 writt5 jo9tly by him & ,m>t5s1 ,elie de ,beaumont1 :o _h _m ye>s be=e visit$ ! gr\nd1 object$ entirely to _! conclusion t x 0 a mora9e1 b ,i nev] saw a /rong] or m satisfactory case4 ,b 9 ! same pap] ! au?ors haz>d$ an op9ion t al?\gh ! old ,alp9e mora9es /opp$ %ort aft] go+ a few leagues f ! ,alps1 yet at "s =m] "t erratics _h be5 convey$ to ! summit ( ! ,coll9a1 j z 8,pi]re ,bot0 & o!r blocks _h be5 c>ri$ by ! old ,rhone glaci] to ! flanks ( ! ,jura4 ,n[ :5 ,i read ?is at ,zuri*1 ,i imm$iately recollect$ t 9 ! valley ( ! ,bormida1 :5 ,i pass$ f ,savona to ,aless&ria 9 #ahbh1 ,i _h be5 a/oni%$ at "s v huge erratics ( s]p5t9e 9 ! ,mioc5e4 ,hav+ nev] se5 blocks ( su* enorm\s dim5sions 9 any t]ti>y =mation1 ,i 0 reliev$ 9 #ahbh at f9d+1 9 "s spots on ! ,bormida1 project+ fragm5ts ( s]p5t9e 9 places :i* ! erosion ( ! valleys _h expos$ to view4 ,i conclud$ t !y may n h travell$ f>1 & :5 ,i saw "s l>ge blocks on ! ,sup]ga 79 #ahbh71 ,i imm$iately suspect$ t z t hill consi/$ ( b$s ( ! same =mation1 ! blocks might h be5 wa%$ out ( ! ,mioc5e n f> (f4 ,i !re=e n[ sugge/$ ?is view to ,ga/aldi1 & f\nd t he 0 by no means t5aci\s ( 8 pr9t$ !ory1 al?\gh he said t ! blocks 7 _m ( !m angul>1 ( v great size1 & accompani$ by ,alp9e loam4 ,we !n exam9$ ! b$s ( ! ,sup]ga1 bo? ^? dipp+ to ! nor?-we/1 & ^? to ! s\?-ea/1 & on bo? sides ( ?is anticl9al are /rata conta9+ fragm5ts ( /one ( v>i\s k9ds1 "s n kn[n 9 ! neighb\r+ ,alps or ,ap5n9es1 f two to eight feet 9 diamet]4 ,on our asc5t to ! ,sup]ga ,i saw a ?ickness ( sixty feet regul>ly /ratifi$ ( ?is conglom]ate1 9 :i* 7 fragm5ts consi/+ *iefly ( s]p5t9e1 b "s ( lime/one1 o!rs ( protog9e granite1 & "o ( ! latt] angul> & eight feet 9 diamet]4 ,9 less ?an half an h\r's se>*1 ,i f\nd two ( ! s]p5t9e & "o ( ! lime/one pebbles ) scrat*es1 :i* w\ld be call$ glacial if !y 7 f\nd 9 a mod]n mora9e1 ?\gh n su* z y w\ld select = examples = a museum4 ,/ill ,i se>*$ ?is ye> 9 "s rec5t mora9es q z long )\t f9d+ bett]4 ,z to ! age ( ! b$s1 !re is no d\bt ( _! belong+ to ! ,l[] ,mioc5e1 ! m>9e fossils ( :i* we collect$ 9 /rata bo? bel[ & above !m4 ,^! enorm\s blocks1 !re=e1 7 br\ght into _! pres5t position by causes :i* act$ 9 ! ,mioc5e age4 ,i "k ( no ag5cy b t ( ice :i* c\ld h quietly let !m d[n ^u subjac5t b$s ( undi/urb$ f9e m>l & s&4 ,h5ce ,i conclude t !re 0 float+ ice 9 ! ,l[] ,mioc5e p]iod1 & if ! few scrat*es ,i saw really imply glacial /riation1 ! ice-rafts 7 probably d]iv$ f glaci]s :i* came d[n f m\nta9s bord]+ ! glacial sea2 p]haps f ! ,alps1 = t *a9 mu/ h exi/$ be=e ! orig9 ( a l>ge "p ( ! ,l[] ,mioc5e4 ,i h kept ! specim5s ,i f\nd ( ^! ,mioc5e /riat$ /ones to %[ ,ramsay1 :o w be int]e/$ 9 he>+1 t 9 spite ( "s ,brazilian g5]a ( trees & insects1 & n a few palms1 & "s reptiles ( good size1 & _m o!r fossil g5]a f\nd on bo? sides ( ! ,alps & suppos$ to imply a subtropical climate1 ,i am n afraid to appeal to ice z ! only kn[n cause capable ( /ratify+ ^! great masses 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y occur40 ,! evid5ce ( =m] *anges 9 climate 0 ?us /rongly impress$ on ,lyell's m9d1 & ! a/oni%+ tru? began to be /rongly impress$ ^u geologi/s by him1 t n only has ! area ( ,europe witness$ ages ( tropical heat1 b also ages ( consid]able w9t]'s cold1 & t !re has be5 m ?an "o glacial p]iod4 ,lyell visit$ ,vesuvius & ,etna 9 #aheh1 & h[ c>efully he notic$ e detail ( ! m\nta9 /ructure1 & h[ little he c>$ ab\t 8r\gh+ x0 may be glean$ f extracts f 8 di>y s5t to 8 wife3-- 8,etna1 ,casa ,+lese1 ,sept4 #ba1 #aheh4--;,got (f ) two guides & two mulete]s & f\r mules1 at half pa/ sev51 9 bright sun%9e1 f ,nicolosi1 & aft] a beautiful sunny ride ( ?ree h\rs ?r\gh wood$ crat]s1 protect$ f ! heat by my umbrella1 0 gradually envelop$ 9 cl\ds4 ,i saw a lava /ream :]e ! oaks _h be5 surr\nd$ by lava1 :i* _h tak5 ! =m bo? ( upright & pro/rate trunks1 surr\nd+ !m ) tuff1 & ! wood be+ burn$ up !y are n[ cyl9d]s ( scoriace\s lava4 ,aft] a c\ple ( h\rs we got above ! cl\ds1 :5 ab\t eight ?\s& feet high1 b n till my h&s 7 numb$1 = ,i c\ld n believe = a long "t 9 ! necessity ( my putt+ on a cloak4 ,aft] rea*+ ?is place1 ,i set out ) ,angelo = ! top ( ,etna1 leav+ ,guiseppe to cook4 ,we _h n[ & !n a drift+ cl\d1 b on ! :ole spl5did sun%9e4 ,i saw ! spot at ! foot ( ! great l9e :]e ! ,catanians qu>ri$ ice f "u a curr5t ( lava4 ,my guide saw ! same ?+ "s six ye>s ago1 :ile ! eruption ( #aheb 0 9 progress1 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]3 ! s& & lava t5 feet ?ick1 & f\r feet ( ice bel[1 & bottom n se54 ,n f> above ! ice ,i w>m$ my h&s at a fum>ole :]e ! /eam & "s sulphurett$ hydrog5 7 giv5 (f at su* a heat t ,i 0 oblig$ to be c>eful h[ ,i put my f+]s 94 ,?is welcome heat enabl$ me to write4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! edge ( ! crat] ! :ole ( ,sicily 0 hidd5 except ! high] "p ( ,etna1 betwe5 u & ,montagunoli4 ,b ,lip>i & ,/romboli /ood out 9 ! sea v conspicu\sly4 ,i made a r\gh sket* ( ! two crat]s2 ! small] "o has lately1 ,i believe1 fall51 & %[s a section ( "s ( ! horizontal b$s ( lava1 ) :i* x _h be5 fill$ ne>ly to ! top4 ,x 0 a consid]able ex]tion climb+ & go+ half r\nd x aft] a sev5 h\rs' ride1 & ?is makes ! ,casa ,+lese1 :i* is ! r\ghe/ place ,i 0 ev] 91 seem a hospitable mansion1 z x saves our return+4 ,! w9d is :i/l+ r\nd & some:at ?r\gh x1 b ,dr4 ,guiseppe1 ,i he>1 has made x wea!r tight4 ,!re is no *imney & we h *>coal burn]s1 b if ! w9d always bl[s l ?is ,i am n1 at any rate1 gu>ante$ f asphyxia40 ,he got a li/ ( "o hundr$ & fifty %ells ( ! new] plioc5e clay on :i* ,etna re/s4 ,n9e-t5?s ( !m he f\nd 7 ( species belong+ to ! pres5t floor ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 & ?is1 to 8 delight1 confirm$ :at he wrote1 & :at has already be5 allud$ to1 reg>d+ ?is deposit on a =m] occasion4 ,at ,bronte1 ,lyell saw ! place :]e a cr[d assembl$ 9 #ahdb1 to see ! lava fl[ into a great artificial res]voir ( wat]4 ,! torr5t ( melt$ /one came =w>d ) a front ( m ?an ?irty feet high1 & fall+ sudd5ly into ! wat]1 produc$ = a :ile no effect :atev]1 z if1 z 9 ! :ite hot metal 9 ,butigny's exp]im5t1 x requir$ to cool d[n be=e x c\ld cause explosion4 ,at l5g? x w5t (f sudd5ly1 & ev]ybody b "o or two out ( fifty or m 9 numb] 0 kill$4 ,dur+ ! ye>s ( 8 j\rneys 9 ,am]ica & ,europe1 ,lyell _h paid special att5tion to ! *anges :i* 7 occurr+ on ! surface ( ! e>? among/ ! rocks & hills1 valleys1 riv]s1 & sea-%ores4 ,he _h dealt ) inanimate nature l>gely4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahei he began to consid] ! *anges :i* h occurr$ 9 ! liv+ ?+s ( ! pa/1 & to direct 8 att5tion to ! subject ( ! antiquity ( man & to ! possible orig9 ( species4 ,he wrote to a fri5d 9 8 usual half-je/+ mann]3 8,i h be5 mu* occupi$ ) ano!r geological subject besides t :i* y\r niece1 ,ell5 ,twisleton1 irrev]5tly calls ! prov+ h] to be fir/ c\s9 to a turnip 7a violet %e %\ld h said72 ,i mean ! antiquity ( man z impli$ by ! fl9t hat*ets ( ,ami5s1 und\bt$ly contemporane\s ) ! mammo?1 & also ! human skeletons ( c]ta9 caves ne> ,lige1 :i* ,i believe to be ( correspond+ age4 ,i reg>d ! pyramids z ?+s ( ye/]day 9 comp>ison ( ^? relics40 ,lyell /ruggl$ long 9 8 m9d aga9/ ! !ory ( ! great age ( man on ! e>?1 & conv]t$ himself to ! belief 9 x1 & 9 #ahfa he wrote1 aft] exam9+ ! associat$ rema9s ( human art & ext9ct animals1 su* z ! mammo? & hairy rh9oc]os 9 ,engl&1 t 8! late discov]ies at ,h]ne ,bay & ,reculv] conv9ce me t man inhabit$ ,engl& :5 ! ,?ames 0 a tribut>y ( ! ,rh9e40 ,he publi%$ a "w on ! antiquity ( man1 & !n began to int]e/ himself ab\t ! great age :5 ice reign$ supreme ov] mu* ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,writ+ to 8 nephew he /ates3 8,on a hill call$ ,moel ,tryfa5 79 ,nor? ,wales71 at a height ( ?irte5 hundr$ feet above ! sea1 ,i f\nd tw5ty species ( fossil %ells1 all ( liv+ species1 9 s& & gravel fifty feet ?ick4 ,y w\ld h kn[n mo/ ( !m famili>ly40 ,"s ( ^! %ells 7 ( k9ds n[ liv+ close by 9 ! sea1 b o!rs ( k9ds n[ liv+ )9 ! arctic circle4 8,! %ells %[ t ,sn[don & all ! highe/ hills :i* are 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,moel ,tryfa5 7 m]e isl&s 9 ! sea at a comp>atively late p]iod1 or :5 ^! liv+ molluscs 7 fl\ri%+40 ,! rese>*es ( ,lyell & ,dawson 9 ,nova ,scotia h be5 notic$1 & x is int]e/+ to "k t !y 7 rew>d$ by ! discov]y ( an air-brea?+ mollusc1 & ( sev]al small amphibians ( ! age ( ! coal p]iod1 9 ! holl[ ( a /ump ( a tree1 :i* dat$ back to t v anci5t "t4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 fri5d ,mur*ison1 al?\gh ! effects ( age & a life ( h>d /udy 7 n unfelt1 ,lyell foll[$ ) great c>e ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,hicks relat+ to ! olde/ rocks ( ,engl&4 ,lyell 0 int5sely int]e/$ at ! discov]y ( highly organiz$ inv]tebrate animals 9 s&/ones & %ales1 :i* hi!rto _h only yield$ "s d\btful worm tracks & impressions ( plants1 & he recogniz$ ! tru? t no evid5ces ( ! beg9n+ ( liv+ ?+s 7 pres5t$ to ! geologi/4 ,! rese>*es ( ,c>p5t]1 ,?omson1 & ,agassiz conc]n+ ! natural philosophy & natural hi/ory ( ! deep sea 7 gratefully ackn[l$g$ by ,lyell1 z mo/ important contributions to sci5ce1 & ! au?or ( ?is memoir has a lively remembrance ( ,sir ,*>les's int5se excitem5t :5 ! news fir/ came t ! sea 0 v cold at great dep?s4 ,ye>s pass$ on1 & hon\rs came to ! h>d-work+1 tru?-lov+ man4 ,he 0 elect$ presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association1 & 0 made a b>onet4 ,8 sight began to fail1 & x 0 a con/ant anxiety to _m :o saw him ab\t ,london1 to witness 8 con/ant exposure to dang]4 ,avail+ himself ( an excell5t secret>y1 he /ill correspond$ l>gely1 & att5d$ sci5tific meet+s4 ,b ! end 0 at h&1 & he lo/ 8 well-lov$ wife & !n 8 bro!r4 ,dy+ f ! results ( a fall1 ,lyell 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 z a repres5tative man ( sci5ce4 ,he 0 a brilliant example ( a man :o s\ght out tru?1 & brav$ public op9ion = its sake1 & :o enlight5$ ! _w1 c>+ little = ease & luxury1 & assi/+ e fell[-lab\r] 9 ! great sci5ce ( geology4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes #a ,! great] "p ( ?is memoir is tak5 f ,miss ,brightwell's 8,life ( ,l9nu40 ,van ,voor/4 #b ,t]ebratul4 #c ,a l>ge ,e*9ite 7,clypeus s9uatus ( ,leske71 n unfrequ5tly employ$ z a 8p\nd-weight0 by ! dairywom54 #d ,nam$ f its frequ5t use 9 ! con/ruction ( ov5s4 #e ,writt5 by 8 biograph]4 #f ,address to ! ,geological ,society1 at ! ,anniv]s>y ,meet+1 ,feb4 #ah1 #ahca1 by ! ,presid5t1 ! ,rev4 ,adam ,s$gwick1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 etc4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,london ,,& ,,beccles4 ,illu/ration ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,mo/ ( ^! ,works may be _h 9 ,ornam5tal ,b9d+s1 ) ,gilt ,edges1 at a small extra *>ge4 s4 d4 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,/ream2 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,an ,,h]oic ,,age ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,by ! au?or ( 8,! ,*ronicles ( ! ,s*nb]g-,cotta ,family10 c4 ,) ,eight full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #d #j ,a 8,,leal ,,light ,,he>t40 ,by ,,annette ,,ly/]1 au?or ( 8,nor?w9d & ,sun%9e10 c4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #c #f ,,ambrose ,,oran2 ,,or1 ,,) ,,! ,,buccane]s4 ,by ,f4 ,,sc>lett ,,pott]4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,aunt ,,kezia',s ,,w4 ,by ,s4 ,m4 ,,sitwell1 au?or ( 8,! ,&rews ,family10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,belfry ,,( ,,/4 ,,jude 7,,!74 ,a ,/ory4 ,by ,,esm ,,/u>t1 au?or ( 8,mimi40 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,b]n>d ,,hamilton3 ,,curate ,,( ,,/[e4 ,by ,,m>y ,e4 ,,%ipley1 au?or ( 8,janetta10 c4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #c #f ,,brave ,,m5 ,,( ,,eyam 7,,!72 ,,or1 ,a ,,tale ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,plague ,,ye>4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,n4 ,,ho>e1 ,m4,a41 au?or ( 8,two ,voyages10 8,mike10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,capta9 ,,eva2 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,naughty ,,girl4 ,by ,,ka?le5 ,,knox4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,*ryssie',s ,,h]o4 ,by ,,annette ,,ly/]1 au?or ( 8,fan's ,silk5 ,/r+10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,*ri/abel3 ,,! ,,fl[] ,,girl ,,( ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,by ! au?or ( 8,our ,valley10 8,rosebuds10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,conqu]+ ,,& ,,to ,,conqu]2 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,rome ,,9 ,,! ,,days ,,( ,,/4 ,,j]ome4 ,by ! au?or ( 8,! ,s*nb]g-,cotta ,family10 c4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,cruise ,,( ,,! 8,,da9ty0 7,,!72 ,,or1 ,,rov+s ,,9 ,,! ,,pacific4 ,by ! late ,w4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,k+/on4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,dick ,,d>l+ton1 ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad4 ,by ,a4 ,h4 ,,engelba*1 au?or ( 8,juanita10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,=tunes ,,( ,,hassan 7,,!74 ,be+ ! /range /ory ( a ,turki% ,refugee1 z told by himself4 ,by ! au?or ( 8,our ,valley10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,great ,,capta9 7,,!73 ,,an ,,ev5tful ,,*apt] ,,9 ,,spani% ,,hi/ory4 ,by ,,ulick ,r4 ,,burke1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,two full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,h>ry',s ,,discipl9e4 ,by ,,laura ,m4 ,,lane1 au?or ( 8,a ,"*10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,h>vey ,,compton',s ,,holiday4 ,by ! au?or ( 8,p]cy ,trevor's ,tra9+10 8,two ,voyages10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,hassela]s 7,,!72 ,a ,,tale ,,( ,,c\rage ,,& ,,endurance4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,frank ,,coop]4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,h] ,,fa!r',s ,,inh]itance4 ,by ,,crona ,,temple1 au?or ( 8,?r\gh ! ,r\gh ,w9d10 c4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #c #f ,,hidd5 ,,work+s4 ,by ,miss ,h4 ,r4 ,,russell1 au?or ( 8,muriel10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,hide ,,& ,,seek2 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,=e/ ,,9 #afdg4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,frank ,,coop]4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,h[ ,,willie ,,became ,a ,,h]o4 ,by ! au?or ( 8,cl>y's ,confirmation10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,invasion ,,( ,,ivyl&s 7,,!74 ,by ,,annette ,,ly/]1 au?or ( 8,fan's ,silk5 ,/r+10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,john ,,holbrook',s ,,lessons4 ,by ,m4 ,e4 ,,palgrave1 au?or ( 8,m>cel's ,duty40 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,k+',s ,,m>d54 ,by ! au?or ( 8,our ,valley10 c4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #c #f ,,kitty ,,bligh',s ,,bir?day4 ,by ,,alfr$ ,h4 ,,engelba*1 au?or ( 8,lionel's ,rev5ge10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,laps$1 ,,n ,,lo/2 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,roman ,,c>?age4 ,by ! au?or ( 8,! ,*ronicles ( ! ,s*nb]g-,cotta ,family10 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,m>cel',s ,,duty3 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,w>-,,"t4 ,by ,,m>y ,e4 ,,palgrave1 au?or ( 8,john ,holbrook's ,lesson40 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,mate ,,( ,,! 8,,lily0 7,,!72 ,,or1 ,,notes ,,f ,,h>ry ,,musgrave',s ,,log-,,book4 ,by ! late ,,william ,h4 ,g4 ,,k+/on1 au?or ( 8,ow5 ,h>tley10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,mike2 ,a ,,tale ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,iri% ,,fam9e4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,e4 ,n4 ,,ho>e1 au?or ( 8,betwe5 ! ,locks10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,mimi3 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,peasant ,,life ,,9 ,,norm&y4 ,by ,,esm ,,/u>t1 au?or ( 8,! ,little ,br[n ,girl10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,miscellanies ,,( ,,animal ,,life4 ,by ,,elizabe? ,,spoon]1 au?or ( 8,daily ,read+s = a ,ye>10 c4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,missy ,,& ,,ma/]4 ,by ,m4 ,,bram/on1 au?or ( 8,! ,sn[ball ,society10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,my ,,lonely ,,lassie4 ,by ,,annette ,,ly/]1 au?or ( 8,mrs4 ,dobbs' ,dull ,boy10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,r\nd ,,my ,,table4 ,by ,h4 ,l4 ,,*ilde-,,pemb]ton1 au?or ( 8,"u ! ,trees10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,slav]s ,,& ,,cruis]s4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,,sadl]1 ,esq41 ,r4,n41 au?or ( 8,m>%all ,vavass\r10 c4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #c #f ,,/effan',s ,,angel1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,/ories4 ,by ,m4 ,e4 ,,t[ns5d4 ,) ,?ree page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #f ,,sweet ,,william4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,?omas ,,ersk9e4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,r\gh ,,w9d2 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,colli]ies4 ,by ,,crona ,,temple1 au?or ( 8,etta's ,fairies10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,two ,,%ipmates 7,,!74 ,by ! late ,w4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,k+/on1 au?or ( 8,n$ ,g>?10 c41 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,"u ,,! ,,trees4 ,by ,h4 ,l4 ,,*ilde-,,pemb]ton1 au?or ( 8,r\nd my ,table10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,unto ,,8 ,,life',s ,,end4 ,a book = *oir-boys4 ,by ,,ursula1 au?or ( 8,little ,?+s10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #a #f ,,v&a4 ,by ,,esm ,,/u>t1 au?or ( 8,! ,little ,br[n ,girl10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,:ite ,,*apel 7,,!72 ,a ,,/ory4 ,by ,,esm ,,/u>t1 au?or ( 8,mimi10 c4 ,) ,?ree full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #b #j ,,:ite ,,gipsy 7,,!74 ,by ,,annette ,,ly/]4 ,) ,f\r full-page ,illu/rations on ton$ pap]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds #c #j ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,nor?umb]l& ,,av5ue1 ,,*>+ ,,cross1 ,w4,c42 #dc1 ,,que5 ,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,e4,c42 #dh1 ,,piccadilly1 ,w42 ,,& #ace1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,brighton4 ,wyman & ,sons1 ,pr9t]s1 ,great ,que5 ,/reet1 ,l9coln's-,inn ,fields1 ,w4,c4