,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,,dress ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet2 ,,%[+ ,,_! ,,natural ,,%ape ,,& ,,con/ruction2 ,,_! ,,usual ,,di/ort$ ,,condition2 ,,h[ ,,corns1 ,,bunions1 ,,flat ,,feet1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,de=mities ,,are ,,caus$1 ,,) ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,_! ,,prev5tion ,,or ,,cure4 ,,also1 ,,directions ,,= ,,dress+ ,,! ,,feet ,,) ,,com=t ,,& ,,elegance1 ,,& ,,_m ,,useful ,,h9ts ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,we>1 ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,^? ,,:o ,,make ,,foot-,,cov]+s4 ,,illu/rat$4 ,,london3 ,,william ,,tegg4 #ahgb4 ,,preface4 ,! object ( ?is little treatise is to br+ be=e ! popul> att5tion "s ideas conc]n+ ! feet t are n g5]ally famili>2 to exhibit ! produc+ causes ( ! common de=mities & discom=ts to :i* !y are subject2 to %[ ! be/ means ( pres]v+ _! natural %ape & condition1 or ( re/or+ x z f> z possible :5 lo/2 & to sugge/ bett] me?ods = _! dress & g5]al treatm5t1 9 ord] to _! m p]fect heal?1 beauty1 & p]=mance ( function4 ,! subject has already receiv$ "s little att5tion4 ,"s "t ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury ,dr4 ,pet] ,camp]1 ( ,am/]dam--a di/+ui%$ man ( 8 "t--wrote a %ort diss]tation ^u ! 8,be/ ,=m ( ,%oe10 :i* 0 ev5tually translat$ & publi%$ 9 ,engl& 9 #ahfa1 9 connection ) a l>g] "w by ,mr4 ,james ,d[ie4 ,dr4 ,camp]'s essay 0 excell5t z a fir/ ef=t 9 ?is direction1 furni%+ "s ideas ^u ! =m ( ! foot & ! defect ( its cov]+1 :i* /ill rema9 h>dly less j & appropriate4 ,mr4 ,d[ie add$ "s good sugge/ions1 & fai?fully expos$ ! faults ( ! foot-ge> worn by ! ,briti% army & ! humbl] classes2 b a consid]able portion ( 8 book 0 tak5 up 9 ! explanation & advocacy ( ela/icat$ lea!r--an article ( 8 own inv5tion--:ile ! :ole 0 writt5 9 a /yle too difficult to be g5]ally read4 ,ano!r "w publi%$ 9 ,engl& 0 ! 8,book ( ! ,feet10 by ,j4 ,sp>kes ,hall1 issu$ a few ye>s previ\s to t ( ,mr4 ,d[ie4 ,?\gh v int]e/+ z a concise hi/ory ( ! %oemak+ art1 x t\*$ b slightly ^u ^? abuses ( ! feet ) :i* %oemak+ is connect$4 ,b a late essay directly ^u ! subject1 by ,pr(4 ,h]mann ,mey]1 ( ,zuri*1 ,switz]l&1 has a value sup]ior 9 ?is respect to t ( all ! prec$+ ones4 ,! pres5t writ] has int5d$ to include all ! important ideas ( previ\s writ]s on ! subject1 toge!r ) su* in=mation z c\ld be ga!r$ f m$ical & o!r works1 b go+ f>!r & add+ su* orig9al notions z ! obs]vation & ?\ght ( 8 own m9d c\ld supply1 ) ! purpose ( mak+ ! :ole z ?or\gh & complete z possible1 bo? f ! po9t ( view ( ! physiologi/ & t ( ! practical %oemak]4 ,! book is n writt5 9 ! dignifi$ /yle ( a pr(essor1 nor ) lit]>y correctness2 b x is hop$ ! ideas conta9$1 & ! nature ( ! subject-matt]1 w make x readable4 ,x is address$ to ^? :o desire com=t = _! feet1 & no less to ^? :o wi% to see !m h&some 9 =m & ta/efully dress$4 ,z fir/ prep>$1 ! matt]1 "u a diff]5t title1 0 pr9t$ 9 a trade j\rnal--! ,%oe & ,lea!r ,report]--9 #ahfh1 s9ce :i* a c>eful revision has improv$ & adapt$ x = its pres5t =m4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,introductory #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,natural ,position ( ! ,toes--,anatomical ,argum5t--,correspond5ce ( ,foot & ,h&--,necessity ( ,fre$om = ! ,toes--,criticism on ,=ms ( ,sole #f ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,di/ortion ( ! ,toes & ,jo9t--,v>i\s ,causes--,want ( ,h>mony betwe5 ,%ape ( ,foot & ,%ape ( ,%oe--,gr[n-9-,nails--,influ5ce ( ,/ock+s1 ,n>r[-,to$ ,soles1 ,high ,heels1 & ,*ang+ ( ,%oes--,faults ( ,la/s #ag ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,prev5tion ( ,de=m$ ,toes & ,jo9t--,new ,=ms ( ,sole--,eureka ,la/--,true ,/&>d ( ,ta/e--,h[ ,di/ort$ ,great ,toe may be ,/raight5$--,anci5t & ,m$ieval ,foot-app>el--,sugge/ions #cf ,,*apt] ,v4 ,flatt5$ ,condition1 ( ! ,ar*--,beauty ( ,"o t is ,natural--,nature & ,purpose ( its ,con/ruction--,h[ x becomes ,brok5 ,d[n--,l5g!n+ ( ! ,foot--,lack ( ,developm5t--,means ( ,improvem5t--,la/s = ,flat ,feet--,transv]se ,ar* #fa ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,natural ,"* ( ! ,in/ep--,causes1 & ,prev5tion1 ( ,sores ^u x--,false ,ta/e--,callosities ( ! ,heel--,c\nt]s--,criticism ( ,la/s #hg ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,incl9ations ( ! ,feet--,h[ to ,make !m tread ,squ>ely--,peculi> ,la/s--,weak ,ankles--,cultivation ( ,muscle--,turn+-9 ( ! ,toes #ajj ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,corns1 ,bunions1 & ,callosities--,h[ !y ,orig9ate--,nature ( ! ,sk9--,v>i\s ,causes ( ,corns--,h[ to ,remove !m--,quotations f ! ,m$ical ,books--,nature & ,treatm5t ( ,bunions #aaj ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,recapitulation--,la/s = ,individual ,feet--,possibility ( all ,feet be+ ,well ,fitt$ 9 _! ,clo?+--,ease & ,grace ( ,movem5t--,a ,la/ ,^w = ,*ildr5 #abh ,,*apt] ,x4 ,miscellane\s--,criticism ( ,diff]5t ,=ms & ,fa%ions--,ela/icity--,s5sitiv5ess--,rub b]s & ,wat]-pro( ,lea!r--,cure = ,sweat+--,qualities ( a ,good ,cov]+ #aci ,,dress ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,! human foot1 x appe>s to u1 is "o ( ^? memb]s ( ! body t h nev] receiv$ _! due %>e ( consid]ation4 ,l c]ta9 d[ntrodd5 memb]s ( ! social body1 x seems to h be5 look$ ^u z hav+ few] 8rights t 7 entitl$ to respect0 ?an ^? organs :i* occupy a high] place1 z ! h&s & eyes4 ,no o!r "p has be5 s abus$ by p9*+1 squeez+1 *af+1 freez+1 & corn+4 ,! wai/1 ( "o sex especially1 has suff]$ a good deal ( compression1 b n s mu*1 we ?9k z has ! foot4 ,x might p]haps be cont5d$ t ! l[e/ p>ts ( ! sy/em p]=m a function equally necess>y ) t ( ^? above !m & are !re=e entitl$ to z t5d] c>e2 b :e!r ?is be s or n1 x is at lea/ c]ta9 !y are 8press$ to e>?0 9 a way t is wrong2 & kn[+ ?is1 x %all be our duty to set =? _! wrongs & rights z well z we may1 hop+ to effect "s improvem5t 9 ! mann] ( _! treatm5t4 ,! natural object & int5tion ( ! foot is ! support ( ! body1 & ! c>ry+ ( x1 9 all its movem5ts1 lightly1 easily1 safely1 & gracefully4 ,to ?is object x is z beautiful & wond]fully adapt$ z ! eye & e>1 ^? special objects ( wond]1 to ! functions p]=m$ by !m4 ,its p]fection may be mo/ frequ5tly se5 9 ! graceful /eps ( ! dance1 ?\gh (t5 also 9 ! ord9>y walk1 :ile its capabilities may be judg$ ( by ! fact1 n s g5]ally kn[n1 t m5 depriv$ ( _! h&s h succe$$ 9 mak+ _! toes d ! "w ( ! f+]s 9 writ+4 ,anatomy recognizes ! fact1 t 9 ! numb] & "* ( ! bones1 jo9ts1 & muscles ( ! foot & leg1 & ! connection ( ! femur or ?igh-bone at ! pelvis1 !re is a /rict simil>ity or correspond5ce ) ^? ( ! h& & arm1 & ! connection ( ! latt] at ! %\ld]-blade4 ,?is ju/ifies ! conclusion1 t all ! v>iety ( motion1 & complete adaptation to an inf9ite numb] ( uses1 :i* exi/s 9 ! h&1 exi/s also to a less degree 9 ! foot1 & c be br\ght out & exhibit$1 mu* ( x at lea/1 "u circum/ances requir+ its developm5t4 ,!re is no reason = scepticism z to ! foot's conceal$ p[]s--none = )hold+ ! admiration due to its p]fect p]=mance ( ! (fices = :i* x is design$4 ,nature1 :5 all[$ free scope = h] "w1 does x ?or\ghly & h&somely4 ,heal?y *ildr5 are born ) ar*$ in/eps & /raight toes4 ,notice ! foot ( ! little ur*9 :o runs b>efoot 9 summ] "t ar\nd ! outskirts ( our cities & villages1 & !re is no fault to be f\nd ) x4 ,?\gh ! p>5ts' feet h flat in/eps1 crook$ toes1 & big jo9ts1 ^? ( ! *ild are regul>-%ap$ & s\nd4 ,!re seems to be an int5tion to give e "o a fair />t 9 ! race ( life ) good p$al extremities4 ,x is n at all probable t old fa!r ,adam w5t p]ambulat+ ab\t 8 g>d5 ) ! 8holl[ ( 8 foot mak+ a hole 9 ! gr\nd10 or t 8 great toes po9t$ (f 9 ! direction ( ! little ones1 z ?\gh !y _h a secret aff9ity = !m1 :ile ! o!rs 7 =c$ upw>d out ( place1 9 ord] to cov] up ! affair2 nor t our beautiful "m ,eve w&]$ among ! fl[]s ) h] feet disfigur$ by corns & l>ge jo9ts4 ,if !y _h be51 w\ld ! s]p5t h cultivat$ h] acqua9tance 9 ! way he did8 ,on ! contr>y1 does n e pa9t] & sculptor repres5t h] ) feet beautiful & %apely1 l e o!r feature ( h] p]son8 ,did ! old ,greek1 ,phidias1 make flat feet on 8 /atues1 & ornam5t !m ) corns & callosities8 ,did old ,h]cules h a big toe-jo9t on :i* to re/ 8 club8 ,or did ! anci5ts ( ! ,gold5 ,age "k ab\t su* ?+s at all8 ,! ,art ( ! _w has nev] recogniz$ !m z beautiful or natural4 ,we v5ture to say t 9 all ! pa9t+ & sculpture ( ! pa/ !y _c be f\nd4 ,!y are entirely unnatural & de=m$1 belong+ to ! days ( mod]n civilization4 ,nature makes h] feet1 except 9 r>e in/ances1 ) ar*es well-m>k$ & /rong1 & toes t po9t directly =w>d 9 ! l9e ( ! foot's l5g?4 ,yet ! de=mities spok5 ( are v common at ! pres5t "t1 & 9 ?is mo/ intellig5t "p ( ! _w4 ,we believe1 judg+ f a doz5 ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 ! mak+ ( boots & %oes = individual feet1 t ^? m or less de=m$ con/itute ! rule1 & ! heal?y & well-=m$ ones ! exception4 ,su* disfigurem5ts & di/ortions are ?ru/ ^u our att5tion e day--crook$ feet--%ort1 /umpy feet--feet t tread inw>d1 & ^? t tread only on ! outside edge--flat feet--crippl$ feet--& feet s disproportion$ t ! "p :i* %\ld be an in* small] ?an ! in/ep is (t5 half an in* l>g]--feet ) l>ge ankles1 & feet ) long heels--swell$ feet1 & feet t are no?+ b bones--feet t turn inw>d & outw>d1 & backw>d--feet ) flat in/eps--) big jo9ts--) great toes t lie crosswise ( ! small] ones--) small ones t gr[ ov] ea* o!r--) nails gr[n 91 or to "o side--) h>d corns1 & s(t corns1 little & big--) callosities on in/eps1 & heels1 & ankles--) *ilbla9s all ov]--feet ) weak ankles t h lo/ _! uprightness--sweaty feet--s5sitive feet t take cold by wett+1 & give _! own] a consumption--& dirty feet t des]ve to be diseas$ if !y are n4 ,! causes ( ^! depravities1 diseases1 & de=mities are _m & v>i\s4 ,?ick & /iff lea!r cov]+s h _h mu* to d ) corns & callosities4 ,false ta/e & fa%ions1 bad habits ( *ang+ %oes1 unnatural-%ap$ la/s1 awkw>dness 9 gait & movem5t1 muscul> weakness1 & p]haps o!r causes t we d n yet "k1 h comb9$ to produce flat in/eps1 crook$ toes1 l>ge jo9ts1 weak ankles1 & all ! re/4 ,! subject is "o 9 :i* all :o h n lo/ _! feet are m or less int]e/$4 ,to ^? :o h *ildr5 x is m especially important4 ,:ile mu* may be done to re=m ! feet ( adult p]sons1 & x is int5d$ to hold out all possible enc\ragem5t to !m to attempt x1 /ill x is ) ! *ildr5 t ! ma9 "w ( correct+1 improv+1 & educat+ mu/ be effect$4 ,if a *ild's feet are tra9$ up 9 ! way !y %\ld g1 !y w n be likely1 :5 !y are old]1 to dep>t f x1 & incur ^? p5alties appropriately atta*$ to an abuse ( ! foot's nature4 ,! p>ticul> causes ( ! m important ( ^! tr\bles w be %[n 9 ! succe$+ *apt]s1 & sugge/ions = _! rem$y or prev5tion giv54 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,natural ,position ( ! ,toes--,anatomical ,argum5t--correspond5ce ( ,foot & ,h&--,necessity ( ,fre$om = ! ,toes--,criticism on ,=ms ( ,sole4 ,"o ( ! wor/ ( ! di/ortions ( ! feet is ! obliquity or b5d+ ( ! great toe t[>d ! outside1 a fault ) :i* sev]al tr\blesome affections are (t5 connect$1 besides ! m prom95t "o1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! jo9ts4 ,to be conv9c$ t ?is is a de=mity1 & ( ! ext5t to :i* x is s1 let any "o notice ! %ape & natural position ( a *ild's foot1 be=e x has be5 alt]$ by =c+ into a falsely-%ap$ %oe4 ,! toes w be f\nd ly+ /raight =w>d 9 ! l9e ( ! foot's l5g?1 ) pl5ty ( room = !m to t\* ! gr\nd )\t press+ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,?is is pla9ly ! case ) e b>efoot boy :o is runn+ ab\t ! /reets or ov] ! f>m4 ,!re are no cramp$ toes2 on ! contr>y1 !y sometimes appe> to be sep>at$ m ?an necess>y1 & ! great toe1 in/ead ( incl9+ t[>d ! outside ( ! foot1 seems to be almo/ turn+ to ! opposite direction4 ,all art1 z already notic$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 recognizes ! "r ( ! toes to suffici5t space to t\* ! surface ^u :i* !y tread4 ,x does n cr[d !m or turn !m aside f _! natural /raightness4#a ,an obs]vation ( ! be/ specim5s ( /atu>y w confirm ! ass]tion1 t ! great toe ought1 naturally1 to lie po9t+ directly =w>d1 9 su* a position t a l9e drawn f ! inn] surface ( ! heel pa/ ! ball or jo9t w be ne>ly p>allel to x4 ,x w\ld seem t su* a /atem5t is s ne>ly self-evid5t t e "o mu/ in/antly admit its tru?1 & ought to be aw>e ( x )\t argum5t4 ,yet we d\bt t x is commonly recogniz$1 or t ! mass ( p ev] really ?9k ( x4 ,nor d we suppose ^? :o h ?\ght ( x h consid]$ ! matt] to be ( any importance1 unless !y happ5$ to be afflict$ ) "s ( ! tr\bles t accompany toe-di/ortion2 nor (t5 !n ) any idea ( remov+ or prev5t+ ^? evils4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! %oe manufactur] & ! la/-mak] h n _h su* a supposition cle>ly 9 m9d1 at lea/ ) any idea ( *ang+ ! %ape ( ! la/ accord+ly4 ,"o manufactur] :o _h be5 engag$ 9 mak+ boots & %oes = ! feet ( 8 cu/om]s dur+ tw5ty ye>s rec5tly /at$ t1 hav+ draw+s ( ?\s&s ( feet1 & always f9d+ ! big toe turn$ t[>d ! outside1 m or less1 he nev] ?\ght ( x z be+ o!r ?an ! foot's normal %ape4 ,?is %[s h[ common ! de=mity1 z well z h[ uncommon ! ?\ght ( :at is ! foot's true =m accord+ to nature4 ,a pamphlet call$ 8,:y ! ,%oe ,p9*es10 discuss+ ?is subject q cle>ly1 & ) ! au?ority ( sci5ce1 0 writt5 by ,h]mann ,mey]1 ,m4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,anatomy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,zuri*4 ,to x we are indebt$ = _m ( ! mo/ important ideas "h conta9$1 & = a pres5tation ( ! matt] :i* fir/ drew our e>ne/ att5tion4 ,x gives an anatomical argum5t1 illu/rat$ by diagrams1 to %[ ! prop] =m ( ! toes & =w>d "p ( ! foot1 :i* we w try to pres5t 9 our own way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;a a1 ,,metat>sal ,,bones2 b1 ,,jo9t4 ,! metat>sal bones are five ( ! longe/ bones ( ! foot1 ly+ bel[1 or 9 front (1 :at is commonly kn[n z ! in/ep1 & fill+ ! space betwe5 ! in/ep & ! toes1 ?\gh1 /rictly speak+1 !y =m a "p ( ! :ole in/ep4 ,!y are ne>ly p>allel ) ea* o!r1 & to _! =w>d ends ! bones ( ! toes are atta*$1 =m+ ! back toe-jo9ts1 at ! "p call$ ! b5d ( ! foot4 ,:]e ! great toe jo9s its metat>sal bone1 is call$ ! ball or inside ball2 or1 m /rictly1 x is ! "u surface :i* is s call$4 ,^! metat>sal bones be+ /raight1 & s ne>ly p>allel to ea* o!r1 x is a natural inf]5ce t ! toe-bones atta*$ to !m %\ld lie /raight 9 front ( !m1 on ! same l9es1 & ne>ly p>allel to ea* o!r also4 ,9 %ort1 !y mu/ d s1 9 ord] t :5 cov]$ ) fle% !y %all h room to t\* ! gr\nd1 or b5d1 )\t int]f]+4 ,?is w\ld br+ all ! toes1 & _! metat>sal bones1 p>allel or ne>ly s1 ) a l9e drawn pa/ ! :ole inside ( ! foot4 ,!y w\ld ?us be all[$ space to gr[ naturally1 to lie side by side1 & p]=m _! prop] functions )\t cr[d+ or *af+1 or incl9+ sideways 9 ei!r direction4 ,! diagram ( a skeleton foot 7copi$ f ,pr(essor ,mey]'s pamphlet7 w %[ ?is m pla9ly ?an words4 ,x is claim$ by ! ,pr(essor1 9 ?is little book1 t a l9e drawn f ! middle ( ! heel--on ! sole--"u ! c5tre ( ! ball or jo9t1 %\ld pass "u ! middle ( ! great toe1 ?r\gh its :ole l5g?4 ,8 reason+ = ?is idea is ?us giv53 8,! great toe plays by f> ! mo/ important "p 9 walk+1 because :5 ! foot is rais$ f ! gr\nd1 ) ! int5tion ( ?r[+ x =w>d1 we fir/ raise ! heel1 !n re/ = a second on ! great toe1 & 9 lift+ ?is f ! gr\nd ! po9t ( x receives a pressure :i* impels ! body =w>d4 ,?us1 9 rais+ ! foot1 ! :ole ( ! sole is gradually1 z x 71 #8unroll$1' up to ! po9t ( ! great toe1 :i* aga9 receives an impetus by contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,! great toe ought1 !re=e1 to h su* a position z w admit ( its be+ unroll$ 9 ! mann] describ$2 t is to say1 x mu/ s lie t ! l9e ( its axis1 :5 c>ri$ backw>d1 w em]ge at ! c5tre ( ! heel2 & ?is is its position 9 ! heal?y foot40 ,! great toe c]ta9ly plays an important "p 9 walk+1 & is !re=e entitl$ to all necess>y fre$om4 ,! position tak5 may be fur!r /r5g!n$ by br++ =w>d ! fact t all natural feet are slightly wid] at ! ball ?an at ! in/ep1 an in* & a half f>!r back2 t is1 wid] at ! =w>d ?an at ! back or upw>d ends ( ! metat>sal bones4 ,?is is readily se5 9 ! cut ( a heal?y foot1 ,fig4 #b1 & /ill m pla9ly 9 t ( ! foot-skeleton1 ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,9 ea* ( ^! figures ! diff]5ce 9 ! wid? at ! po9ts a & b is :at we wi% to be notic$4 ,x is argu$ above1 ) good reason1 t ! bone ( ! great toe %\ld lie directly =w>d ( its metat>sal bone1 on ! same l9e1 :i* l9e1 :5 c>ri$ back1 passes "u ! c5tre ( ! heel4 ,& x is equally fair to inf] t ! small] toes %\ld lie directly =w>d ( _! metat>sal bones1 on ! same l9es4 ,?is w\ld all[ all ! toes to be spread a v little1 z is app>5t 9 ,fig4 #b1 & z ! bones are spread 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,!re is ?us a slight1 b di/9ct1 gradual wid5+ ( ! foot1 f ! middle region to ! ends ( ! toes1 an idea :i* w be confirm$ 9 e *ild's foot t may be obs]v$4 ,! correspond5ce betwe5 ! bones ( ! foot & leg & ^? ( ! h& & arm also give c\nt5ance to ?is notion4 ,! metac>pal bones ( ! h& are ^? :i* answ] to ! metat>sal bones ( ! foot2 & t !y are wid] ap>t at _! =w>d ends ?an at _! base or orig91 is obs]vable f ! skeleton h& ,fig4 #d1 & f ! h& hav+ ! ?umb turn$ "u1 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,9 ?is case1 z 9 t ( ! foot1 if ! f+]s lie directly =w>d ( _! metac>pal bones1 !y are slightly spread or sep>at$4 ,& ! next fact to :i* att5tion is reque/$ is1 t we nev] ?9k ( =c+ !m into "o position1 or ( conf9+ !m !re1 z is done ) ! toes--a treatm5t t w\ld quickly de/roy _! usefulness1 if attempt$4 ,!y are all[$ p]fect fre$om to close or sep>ate2 to be pu%$ ov] to "o side or ! o!r1 z occasion requires2 & to assume any natural position :5 unoccupi$4 ,n[1 al?\gh !re is a great] dem& = ! lib]ty ( ! f+]s1 on acc\nt ( ! innum]able uses to :i* !y are capable ( be+ put1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! toes1 9 ?is respect1 is only a diff]5ce ( degree2 & x is evid5t t some?+1 m or less1 ( ! same bad effect :i* w\ld att5d ! cramp+ ( ! =m]1 mu/1 z x does1 att5d ! conf9em5t & squeez+ und]gone by ! latt]4 ,x seems cle> t 9 a /ate ( nature ! toes are left equally free to 8spread !mselves10 or draw toge!r :5 necess>y1 or to return to _! prop] places 9 l9e ) ! metat>sal bones1 :5 !re is no?+ to draw !m on "o-side4 ,9 circum/ances :]e !y w\ld n be int]f]$ )1 ! l>ge "o w\ld d\btless h ! position giv5 x by ,pr(essor ,mey]1 or1 at lea/ "o v ne>ly ! same2 t is1 ! l9e ( ! toes c>ri$ backw>d w\ld t\* ! middle ( ! heel1 & ! :ole inside ( ! foot w\ld h a g5]al appe>ance ( /raightness4 ,?is1 x is repeat$1 is ! =m ( ! normal adult foot1 & ( ! *ild's foot univ]sally4 ,! only =m ( %oe :i* is absolutely correct1 !n1 is "o all[+ ?is am\nt ( fre$om to ! toes--n alone to ! great "o1 b to all4 ,! =m recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,mey]1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #f1 l e o!r n[ made di/orts ! little toe1 compell+ x to turn "u t[>d ! middle ( ! foot1 & giv+ x t peculi> twi/ t almo/ e "o may notice 9 8 own4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,,%ape ,,( ,,sole ,,giv5 ,,9 8,,:y ,,! ,,%oe ,,p9*es40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only a slight fault comp>$ to ! b5d+ aside ( ! l>ge toe1 & is m5tion$ ma9ly to %[ t nei!r t =m nor any o!r gives to all ! toes ! fre$om :i* prop]ly belongs to !m4 ,! true /&>d =m is "o t w n compel any ( !m to be cramp$ or b5t aside1 nor press injuri\sly ^u any "p ( ! foot2 & to ?is =m x %\ld be ! %oemak]'s endeav\r to approximate z ne>ly z possible4 ,b su* a %ape z w\ld fulfil ?is requirem5t has nev] be5 realis$ s9ce ! days ( ! anci5t s&al4 ,& ! problem = ! %oemak] to solve is to create a cov]+ t w give ! fre$om & ease ( ! old s&al1 comb9$ ) neatness & elegance ( fit1 ) protection f dirt1 cold1 & dampness2 & ) propriety & beauty ?r\gh\t4 ,x w be some?+ consid]ably diff]5t f any n[ worn1 & may tax 8 +5uity to a great] ext5t ?an is suppos$4 ,pr(essor ,mey] is "r conc]n+ ! =m ( its sole at ! inside2 b ! curve at ! outside is too mu* l ! common /yle to be exactly ! "r ?+4 ,!re seems to be requir$ a m abrupt curve at a po9t some:at f>!r =w>d ?an :]e ! wide/ "p is usually f\nd--a curve approa*+ m ne>ly to an obtuse angle1 some?+ l :at is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,?us1 modify+1 or add+ to1 ! =m ( sole giv5 by ,dr4 ,mey]1 we pres5t x z ! mo/ p]fect "o we are n[ able to sugge/1 & "o ! correctness ( :i* is confirm$ by all ! facts ( anatomy1 & by ev]y?+ be>+ ^u ! subject4 ,z to :at is !oretically "r1 !n1 we n only indorse all t is urg$ by ! au?or quot$1 b g f>!r1 & claim = little toes1 z well z great ones1 ! "r to gr[ z /raight z nature int5d$ !m1 & to spread z freely z circum/ances may require4 ,!re is a po9t1 h[ev]--"o ( practice1 n !ory--^u :i* we may p]haps be said to p>tially disagree1 & :i* w be expla9$ f>!r on4 ,x is design$ n[ to %[ "s ( ! bad results ( a failure to con=m ! %ape ( ! boot or %oe to t ( ! foot2 & aft]w>d to consid] :at c be done 9 ! way ( improvem5t4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,x is also true t _m arti/s h be5 l$ to a mi/ake by obs]vation ( ! adult foot1 :i* has be5 m or less de=m$ by its cov]+s4 ,9 _m works ( art !re is a l>g] jo9t ?an natural1 & ! great toe is turn$ aside suffici5tly to br+ all ! toes close toge!r1 ?\gh n en\gh to be a positive di/ortion4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,di/ortion ( ! ,toes & ,jo9t--,v>i\s ,causes--,want ( ,h>mony betwe5 ,%ape ( ,foot & ,%ape ( ,%oe--,gr[n-9 ,nails--,influ5ce ( ,/ock+s1 ,n>r[-,to$ ,soles1 ,high ,heels1 & ,*ang+ ( ,%oes--,faults ( ,la/s4 ,! doctr9e conc]n+ ! %ape & position ( ! toes is consid]$ to be made suffici5tly cle> by :at has be5 already advanc$4 ,z ! be/ illu/ration ( x1 we copy f ,dr4 ,mey]'s book a cut ( ! natural1 heal?y foot ( a *ild 7,fig4 #h71 9 :i* ! l9e ( ! great toe1 cont9u$ backw>d1 passes "u ! middle ( ! heel4 ,by ! side ( ?is is plac$ a %oe-sole ( ! common =m 7,fig4 #i71 & :i* pla9ly does n h>monize ) ! %ape ( ! foot4 ,f ! ball =w>d in/ead ( be+ /raight on ! inside l9e1 x slants (f obliquely t[>d ! middle ( ! toe1 mak+ z great an incl9ation or curve on t side z on ! outside4 ,z ! toes ( ! foot _c =ce ! upp] ( a boot ov] ! sole to any great ext5t1 ! =m ( ! sole det]m9es ! %ape 9 :i* ! toes %all lie :5 !y are inside ! boot4 ,! l9e c d1 9 ! diagram1 %[s :]e ! great toe ought to be2 b1 f> f be+ !re1 x is turn$ aside into ! l9e c e1 a position entirely unnatural4 ,we w "h quote aga9 f ! book1 tak+ ! lib]ty to italicize3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 8,x is q cle> t ! foot mu/ get into ! %oe2 & if ! %oe diff]s 9 %ape f ! foot1 x is no less pla9 t ! foot1 be+ ! m pliable1 mu/ necess>ily adapt itself to ! %ape ( ! %oe4 ,if1 !n1 fa%ion prescribes an arbitr>y =m ( %oe1 %e goes f> beyond h] prov9ce1 & 9 reality arrogates to h]self ! "r ( det]m9+ ! %ape ( ! foot4 8,b ! foot is a "p ( ! body1 & mu/ n be *ang$ by fa%ion2 = our body is a gift1 & its sev]al p>ts are beautifully adapt$ to ! purposes = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 8,if1 !re=e1 we 9 any way *ange its normal =m1 n only d we n improve1 b we actually disfigure x4 8,we d n1 inde$ at fir/ sight1 p]ceive ! arrogant absurdity ( :i* fa%ion is guilty 9 go+ s f> z to det]m9e ! %ape ( our feet1 because we are n alive to ! fact t ! case is peculi> to ! feet4 ,we only see x influ5c+ ! %ape ( ! %oe1 & come to ! conclusion t x may regulate ?is1 z well z ! cut ( ! coat4 ,to ?is preval5t op9ion we yield1 reg>dless ( ! influ5ce on ! %ape ( ! %oe1 & !reby on ! foot4 ,z well1 inde$1 might fa%ion "o day come to ! conclusion t f+]s are inelegant1 & decree t h5ce=? ! h& be squeez$ into a conical lea!r bag2 z well1 inde$1 might %e 9 "o ( h] freaks1 =bid ! display ( our arms1 & b9d !m firmly to our bodies1 l ^? ( *ildr5 9 swaddl+ clo!s4 8,! %oe ought to protect ! foot1 b x has no "r to di/ort its %ape40 ,see+1 !re=e1 t ! common =m ( boots & %oes1 z n[ made1 is n ! true "o1 & t x arbitr>ily =ces ! great toe into a false position1 x foll[s t all ! bad effects result+ f ?is false position are to be attribut$ directly to ! incorrect =m ( ! la/ & %oe4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is a cr[d+ toge!r ( all ! toes1 9 :i* "s are oblig$ to f9d _! places "u1 & "s above1 ! m ambiti\s ( !m sometimes pu%+ _! nails ?r\gh ! upp] lea!r1 ! rubb+ & *af+ !y meet mak+ !m sore1 :ile ! m humble are glad to curl !mselves d[n 9 any way t w give !m a place ( com=t4 ,:5 ! cr[d+ is n s great z to =ce !m out ( place !re is /ill a con/ant pressure aga9/ ea* o!r t is liable to create corns betwe5 !m4 ,ano!r effect is ! gr[+ 91 or to "o side1 ( ! nails4 ,! boot-upp] presses ! fle% aga9/ ! nail ( ! great toe on "o side1 :ile !re is a simil> pressure f ! small] toes on ! opposite side1 & betwe5 bo?1 ! nail is almo/ compell$ to gr[ into ! fle%1 if x gr[s at all4 ,if ! great toe gets ! advantage1 !n ! "o next to x is likely to suff] 9 ! same way1 & all ( !m are liable to ! same tr\ble4 ,:5 ! nail gr[s s f> t its edge turns d[nw>d1 ! pressure aga9/ ! sole1 9 walk+ or /&+1 is a m aggravat$ discom=t4 ,dr4 ,mey] says t 8by degrees x ! toe gets into a /ate ( *ronic inflammation1 & may ev5tually become ulc]at$1 produc+ :at is popul>ly kn[n z #8pr\d fle%4' ,! ailm5t n only int]f]es ) ! use ( ! foot1 b too (t5 requires1 = its relief1 m$ical1 & ev5 op]ative int]f]5ce40 ,a surgical op]ation ( ?is k9d1 :i* consi/s 9 remov+ ! nail entirely1 we are assur$1 by ^? :o h se5 x1 is an int5sely pa9ful ?+ to witness1 & _c be less s to be borne4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! nature ( ! tr\ble1 & ( ! mode ( treatm5t1 is copi$ f ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,trall1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o may wi% to treat x = !mselves4 8,onyxis4--,?is di/ress+ affliction consi/s 9 an incurvation ( ! toe-nail f a bruise or ! pressure ( a tight %oe1 produc+ inflammation & ulc]ation1 & foll[$ ev5tually by fung\s gr[?s1 or pr\d fle%1 :i* is exce$+ly t5d] & pa9ful4 ,! cure is sl[ b c]ta94 ,! foot mu/ be frequ5tly soak$ 9 w>m wat]1 until ! sor5ess is s f> abat$ t x c be h&l$ )\t pa92 !n1 ) a probe1 press pl$gets ( l9t z firmly z c be borne "u ! mo/ deta*$ po9t ( ! nail1 press+ !m also betwe5 ! nail & project+ portions ( ! fle%1 z f> z possible4 ,cov] ^! ) ! wet compress1 & apply a mod]ately tight b&age ov] ! :ole1 frequ5tly wett+ ! :ole ) w>m1 tepid1 or cold wat]1 z ei!r temp]ature is mo/ agreeable4 ,! l9ts are to be press$ f>!r & f>!r "u ! nail1 f "t to "t1 & ! foot %\ld be soak$ & dress$ once or twice daily4 ,:5 portions ( ! nail become free !y may be cut (f1 & mild cau/ics may be employ$ to remove fung\s or indurat$ gr[?s1 :i* d n yield to ! o!r measures ( treatm5t40 ,a slim-to$ %oe--"o t is ?91 & scant 9 ! upp]--:atev] be its wid? or %ape1 has a bad influ5ce ^u ! nails1 n only by incit+ !m to gr[ 91 b by turn+ !m d[n at ! ends1 & keep+ !m con/antly irritat$ & sore1 a condition :i* effectually prev5ts ! toes f be+ ( any use4 ,! sell] ( su* an article w sometimes try to p]suade ! we>] t x is a 8good fit0 :5 snug at ! =w>d "p1 h[ev] loose else:]e2 & _m p]sons are q will+ to be p]suad$ 9 ?is way4 ,b if !y are wise !y w n attempt to we> any?+ t is n p]fectly easy to ! toes1 = ^! may be all[$ all necess>y room1 & /ill1 if ! fit is 8j "r10 !re w be no wr9kl+1 nor any o!r bad appe>ance4 ,! next & mo/ important ( ! difficulties spr++ f ?is s\rce is ! enl>gem5t ( ! great-toe jo9t4 ,we cont9ue to quote f ,mey]3 8,n less important are ! evils aris+ at ! root ( ! great toe f ! same cause4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t ! pressure ( ! upp] lea!r pu%es ! po9t ( ! great toe aga9/ ! small] toes4 ,! jo9t at ! metat>sal bone ?us becomes b5t aside1 s t x =ms a protub]ance on ! inn] side ( ! foot4 ,if ! po9t ( ! toe is n[ press$ aga9/ ! gr\nd 9 walk+1 ?is protub]ance mu/ be made /ill great]1 & s press$ m =cibly aga9/ ! upp] lea!r4 ,at ! same "t1 moreov]1 ! great transv]se wr9kle 9 ! upp] lea!r--! result ( ! b5d+ ( ! toes--presses directly on ! same po9t1 & ! protub]ance at ! root ( ! toe is ?us con/antly subject$ to a tw(old & v injuri\s pressure4 ,9 ^! circum/ances x is by no means wond]ful t ?is jo9t becomes subject to a cont9ual inflammation1 :i* by ext5d+ to ! bones mu/1 9 ?is situation1 produce p]man5t & pa9ful swell+s1 :i* become1 9 _! turn1 & ev5 f slight causes1 ! s\rce ( inflammations & new gr[?s ( bone4 8,9 ?is mann] arise ^? unseemly & pa9ful swell+s at ! root ( ! great toe1 :i*1 ei!r f mi/ak+ _! true nature1 or f wilful deception1 are call$ #8*ilbla9s1' or #8g\t1' j z "o or ! o!r t]m appe>s ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,9 _m cases1 moreov]1 ?is k9d ( inflammation ( ! bones1 & _! inve/+ membrane1 may lead to ! =mation ( matt]1 & ev5tually to ! disease kn[n z #8c>ies1' or ulc]ation ( ! bone40 ,n>r[-to$ %oes furni% ano!r influ5ce /rongly op]at+ to produce l>ge jo9ts4 ,! great toe is drawn f>!r ?an usual t[>d ! o!rs1 & its jo9t ?r[n out 9 ! opposite direction4 ,all ! toes are m cr[d$1 until "s ( !m are =c$ out ( place :ile corns & gr[n-9 nails are develop$ or made worse4 ,wid? at ! ball alone w n prev5t ^! effects4 ,fr5* & ,engli% /yles are 9 ?is respect (t5 p]nici\s4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( n>r[ toes is t[>d de=mity2 & ^? :o _c because !y happ5 to be ! /yle1 refuse to we> !m1 %\ld make up _! m9ds to accept ! consequ5ces ) a good grace4 ,ano!r great cause ( ! prom95ce & swell+ ( ! jo9t--:i* our au?or alludes to1 b gives x h>dly any ( its real importance--is ! backw>d pressure ( ! toe by %oes t are too %ort4 ,?is1 9 addition to caus+ sore nails1 cr[ds ! toes /ill m closely toge!r1 & pu%es ! jo9t /ill f>!r inw>d1 away f its prop] place4 ,to illu/rate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4 a1 ,,phalanges1 ,,or ,,bones ,,( ,,! ,,toe2 b1 ,,metat>sal ,,bone2 c1 ,,jo9t4 ,suppos+ ^! to repres5t ! bones ( ! great toe & its metat>sal bone--:i*1 9 _! normal position1 are on ! same l9e--we c see t if ! toe bones a are b5t t[>d ! o!r toes fir/1 & !n pu%$ backw>d1 x necess>ily =ces out ! jo9t 9 ! only direction 9 :i* x c b5d1 :i* is inw>d4 ,! great] & m con/ant ! pressure aga9/ ! end ( ! toe by ! %ort boot or %oe1 ! l>g] ! jo9t1 & ! m x w project f ! inside ( ! foot2 ! m liable also to sor5ess1 swell+1 corns1 bunions1 inflammation1 & settl$ disease1 & ! m awkw>d1 ill-%ap$1 & uncom=table1 n only to walk ) b to look ^u4 ,high heels also d _! %>e t[>d br++ on ?is de=mity4 ,!y cause ! foot to pit* d[nw>d on ! toes1 sometimes pu%+ x a size f>!r =w>d into ! boot ?an x w\ld g if ! heel 0 only mod]ately high1 ?us creat+ ! necessity = a long] boot4 ,! cr[d+ ( ! toes is increas$2 & z !y meet ) resi/ance or a backw>d pressure f bo? sides & ! end ( ! %oe1 at ! same "t t !re is a =w>d pressure f ! heel by ! weight ( ! body1 ( c\rse ! angle =m$ at ! jo9t mu/ be pu%$ out m acute1 ! foot mak+ room = itself by /ret*+ & tread+ ov] ! upp] at ! sides4 ,!re is a peculi>ity ab\t ! ,plum] la/ recomm5d+ x 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,! heel1 on ! bottom1 is q convex1 :i* all[s ! heel ( ! foot to settle d[n into t ( ! boot m ?an usual1 & ?us :at appe>s to be a high heel1 outside1 feels1 on ! foot1 to be no high] ?an "o made ^u ord9>y la/s an eigh? ( an in* l[]4 ,!re is h5ce s mu* less pressure ^u ! ends ( ! toes4 ,a false habit1 t5d+ 9 ! same direction1 is t ( *ang+ ! %oes ( *ildr5 to make !m we> ev5ly or prev5t _! tread+ ov] to "o side at ! heel4 ,x is a practice productive ( f> m h>m ?an good--a sav+ ( %oe-lea!r at ! foot's exp5se4 ,aft] "o foot has %ap$ a %oe to itself1 to put ! o!r into x =c+ ! great toe into ! curve made by ! little toe & outside ( ! foot1 mu/ d mu* t[>d b5d+ ! toe p]man5tly out ( place4 ,x %\ld nev] be all[$ or propos$4 ,give *ildr5 "r & left %oes1 & gu>d aga9/ _! we>+ on "o side by good firm c\nt]s4 ,x is _! "r1 :5 obta9able1 & any?+ less is inju/ice4 ,:ile ! foot is gr[+1 x easily adapts itself to its surr\nd+s2 & by we>+ %ort boots & %oes x may be enc\rag$ to gr[ into a bad %ape 9 a few ye>s4 ,mo/ old p h jo9ts de=m$ 9 ?is way4 ,we h also se5 !m on ! feet ( "y & beautiful wom51 :]e !y seem$ mo/ sadly out ( place4 ,"y feet are (t5 =c$ to gr[ into uncomely %ape ?r\gh ! good int5tions ( p>5ts1 ^: falsely-taught in/9ct ( beauty induces !m to put z small a %oe on ! *ild's foot z x w be>1 fe>+ t if left to itself x w gr[ too long1 or too wide1 to be elegant 9 =m4 ,! motive ( ?is action is mo/ comm5dable1 b its wisdom extremely d\btful & weak4 ,beauty1 ta/e1 elegance1 are to be s\ght = ev]y:]e & always4 ,we h n ! lea/ sympa?y ) any attempt to depreciate !m4 ,b !y are n to be s\ght by c\nt]act+ nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 nature is mo/ tru/wor?y4 ,if n int]f]$ )1 %e w make ! foot gr[ 9 due proportion to ! size ( ! :ole body2 & e "p w be develop$ 9 ! "r proportion to itself4 8,*ildr5 ( a l>g] gr[?0 cont9ue to c>ry out ! same false idea by we>+ z %ort & n>r[ a boot z !y c squeeze _! foot into ) any degree ( com=t4 ,:ile ! object is to obta9 a h&some foot1 all su* cramp+ inevitably defeats its purpose4 ,! effect :i* x inv>iably has & mu/ h1 is to make ! jo9ts project1 & add f "o-f\r? to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* to ! foot's wid?1 leav+ out ( acc\nt ! torture accompany+ ! process4 ,nobody w claim t l>ge jo9ts & extra wid? at ?is po9t make a good-look+ foot1 b !y are ! sure results1 9 great] or less degree accord+ to ! sev]ity ( ! p9*+1 & ! l5g? ( ! "t x is cont9u$4 ,x is well to asc]ta9 if /ock+s d n h "s effect 9 giv+ a bad %ape to ?is "p ( ! foot1 al?\gh made ( su* yield+ mat]ials t !y may at fir/ ?\ght1 appe> h>mless4 ,mr4 ,james ,d[ie1 9 a "w publi%$ 9 ,engl& "s ye>s s9ce1 speak+ ( ! toes be+ cramp$1 cr[d$1 b5t1 & pil$ ov] ea* o!r1 attributes "p ( ?is result to ! /ock+1 & recomm5ds ! we>+ ( "o hav+ toes on x--simil> to ! f+]s on a glove4 ,!re is no reason to d\bt t ?is conclusion is correct1 = :ile a /ock+ t is loose may be drawn into almo/ any %ape to suit ! toes1 "o :i* is tight1 %ort1 & n>r[-to$1 mu/1 & does1 draw ! toes toge!r & keep !m s1 h[ev] fav\rable may be ! =m ( ! boot outside4 ,x is a fact1 too1 t /ock+s are n>r[ & po9t$ at ! toe2 almo/ univ]sally4 ,! sugge/ion ( putt+ toes to !m is a good "o4 ,b if ?is is ?\ght to be tak+ too mu* pa9s ) su* an article--?\gh x is evid5tly impossible to take too mu* pa9s 9 dress+ any "p ( ! body s z to protect x f be+ injur$ 9 any mann]--x is p]fectly easy to make ! /ock+ wid] at ?is "p1 leav+ x ne>ly squ>e1 or ) only a slight r\ndness at ! end4 ,?is w\ld be a v decid$ improvem5t1 & _c be urg$ too /rongly4#b ,l ! defects ( ! %oe1 ^? ( ! /ock+ mu/ be felt m s]i\sly by *ildr54 ,!y are ignorant ( ! matt]1 & w\ld be c>eless & inatt5tive ev5 if !y 7 n4 ,b if p>5ts w half d _! duty by !m1 !re is no reason :y !y %\ld n gr[ up ) well-=m$ feet1 ?ankful = ! c>e :i* has sav$ !m f di/ortion & bless$ !m ) p$al comel9ess4 ,!re is "h1 also1 a "q ( ! comp>ative ta/e & elegance ( wide & n>r[ soles1 :i* ne$s a little discussion4 ,x is ! practice ) _m p]sons to we> z n>r[ a boot or %oe z !y c1 ?9k+ we suppose1 t if !y h n a n>r[ foot1 !y ought to h1 & t by putt+ x into a n>r[ boot !y prev5t x f spread+4 ,z su* a boot is & w be n>r[ at ! toe1 ! effect is j ! opposite ( t int5d$ z 9 ! case ( %ort ones4 ,! toes are drawn toge!r1 & ! ball pu%$ out wid] ?an be=e4 ,!n besides ?is t5d5cy to make x wid]1 ! foot looks wid] 9 a %oe t is too n>r[ = x1 because x treads ! upp] ov]1 & ! n>r[ toe makes x appe> all ! wid] by contra/4 ,a foot t is n>r[ may we> a n>r[-sol$ %oe ) propriety2 = a wide "o to attempt to d s is fooli%4 ,we h se5 a lady's boot trodd5 ov] s f> t a hole _h be5 worn ?r\gh ! upp] on ea* side ( ! sole by its contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,! we>] d\btless ?\ght x 0 necess>y = h] to we> a n>r[ sole to prev5t h] foot f spread+1 & keep x 9 an elegant %ape4 ,%e did n "k t %e 0 tak+ ! mo/ direct way to defeat h] object1 & t h] true policy w\ld h be5 to we> ! wide/-sol$ %oe %e c\ld get4 ,?is case 0 extreme1 b x is q common to see ! upp] worn ?r\gh on "o side f ! same cause4 ,! "r k9d ( %oe = a wide foot is "o s wide on ! sole t ! upp] w project ov] x on ! sides b slightly1 & ) z great a wid? ( ! toe1 9 proportion to ! ball1 z !re w\ld be 9 a n>r[ "o4 ,su* a %oe w make ! foot appe> n>r[]1 by contra/1 ?an x really is1 & ! great] ! wid? ( ! toe1 ! m ?is effect is produc$4 ,besides1 ! %oe or boot keeps its prop] %ape mu* bett] & long] :5 n too n>r[ or too %ort4 ,if ! foot be %ort proportionately1 z well z wide1 ! cov]+ %\ld be ( good l5g?--at lea/ a full size to sp>e at ! toe1 aft] be+ worn a few days & fitt$1 or brok5 94 ,^! doctr9es may n be readily accept$1 b let any "o :o d\bts give !m a trial1 & we are will+ to be judg$ by ! op9ion =m$ aft]w>d4 ,!re are ^? :o appe> to urge ! idea t broad soles are em95tly prop] always1 & = ev]ybody1 :i* doctr9e we d n endorse2 b we mean to say t p]sons :o h wide feet naturally1 or :o h made !m wide at ! jo9ts 9 ! ways "h po9t$ out1 ought to we> wide soles4 ,x is also q c]ta9 t if p wore soles ( ! correct %ape f *ildhood !re w\ld be a f> less numb] ?an n[ ( ^? feet1 t require ?is extra wid? ( sole1 = n9e-t5?s ( !m are =c$ into a wid? :i* !y w\ld n h by nature1 &1 :5 once de=m$1 no pa9s tak5 9 fitt+ !m c make !m look well1 or l ^? :i* keep _! prop] %ape4 ,a n>r[ foot mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) a slim "o4 ,feet t are slim--t measure less ?an an av]age 9 circumf]5ce--are (t5 f\nd wid] ?an mo/ ( ^? ( ! same l5g? :i* are ( m$ium size or fulness4 ,^! are feet t spread1 & may g5]ally be f\nd on individuals ( sp>e or muscul> temp]am5t4 ,su* p]sons ought to we> boots made on wide la/s1 ) wide toes1 ?\gh at ! same "t suffici5tly slim to fit4 ,z su* la/s _c easily be f\nd ready-made1 ^? hav+ feet ( ?is %ape ought to possess a pair made expressly = !mselves4 ,!re is an opposite /yle ( feet1 ^? :i* are long & n>r[1 :ile !y may be also full1 or ?ick1 v]tically4 ,^! are usually f\nd on p]sons :o are tall1 yet r\nd1 & fle%y 9 physique4 ,!y c we> boots made on la/s t are comp>atively n>r[1 su* z may be f\nd at any %oe-%op4 ,x is n int5d$ to argue 9 fav\r ( any unnecess>y wid? 9 ei!r case1 b simply to urge ! necessity1 n only = com=t1 b especially = elegance also1 ( hav+ suffici5t wid? to accommodate ! foot easily1 & pres]ve ! natural %ape ( bo? ! foot & its cov]+4 ,bad fa%ions ( la/s h _h mu* to d 9 produc+ a de=m$ condition ( ! feet1 z well z ! false ideas & ta/es ( ! p4 ,%oemak]s1 & m especially la/-mak]s1 :o %\ld h /udi$ ! nature ( ! foot1 & giv5 ! p1 :o look$ to !m = a correctly-%ap$ la/ & %oe1 some?+ truly & naturally adapt$ to its purpose1 h fail$ 9 ?is "p ( _! duty4 ,! latt] h made la/s ( all v>ieties ( %ape except ! true "o1 :ile ! mak] ( ! %oe has made a bad matt] worse ) 8 high & %ort heels4 ,=m]ly ! great majority ( ladies' %oes & gait]s 7 made ^u la/s t 7 /raight1 & ! same is true ev5 yet4 ,almo/ ! :ole ( ! *eap] k9ds ( "w got up 9 ! manufactories is ( ?is /yle4 ,slipp]s are h>dly ev] se5 made ^u o!r ?an /raight la/s4 ,! :ole cu/om is a wrong "o1 = ?is reason2 ! middle ( ! toe ( %oes made ^u /raight la/s is ne>] to ! outside ?an x is 9 ^? made on rights-&-lefts4 ,h5ce !y draw ! great toe f>!r t[>d ! outside ( ! foot ?an d ^? ( ! latt] k9d1 & h a great] effect 9 produc+ all ! evils t g ) de=m$ toes & jo9ts4 ,no woman ought to be ask$ to we> !m1 nor %\ld %e all[ h]self to d s if ^? ( ano!r =m c be obta9$4 ,girls ^: feet are gr[+ _c h !m =c$ into /raight %oes1 especially if tight1 )\t p]petrat+ a k9d ( tyranny v simil> 9 "* to t ( ! ,*9ese4 ,"r-&-left boots & %oes are ! natural "r ( all m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,m5 & boys h1 9 ?is respect1 ! advantage ov] _! si/]s1 z _! foot app>el is almo/ :olly ( ! bett] %ape4 ,!re is no reason :y wom5 & girls %\ld n h ! b5efit ( ! improvem5t 9 =m1 ?\gh x is only a slight "o1 & !y are c\nsell$ to take x :5ev] !y c4 ,9 fact1 !re is no excuse = /raight %oes1 except t !y c be made a little m *eaply--t is1 !re is a little less exp5se = ! la/s us$4 ,!y d n we> m ev5ly ?an ! o!rs--on ! contr>y1 !y are q z liable1 if n m s1 to tread ov] at ! heel4 ,!y nev] fit ! foot s well 9 ! holl[1 at ! in/ep1 or on ! side4 ,!re is no necessity = _! exi/5ce1 = !re is no =m ( foot-cov]+ b might be made on crook$ la/s ) equal facility4 ,ladies' slipp]s are believ$ to be ! only article t is always made /raight1 & = ^!1 "r-&-left la/s1 prop]ly adapt$ to ! purpose1 might be us$ )\t ! lea/ difficulty4 ,consid]+ ^! facts1 & t !re is b a slight advantage to ! manufactur]1 & to him only1 9 _! production1 & t ! *ildr5 & poor] class ( wom51 :o we> !m--! mo/ helpless classes 9 ! community--are almo/ compell$ to de=m _! feet 9 do+ s1 x becomes a disgrace to ! %oemak+ pr(ession t /raight %oes are n aboli%$4 ,_m "r-&-left la/s are made s ne>ly /raight t ! diff]5ce 9 =m1 & ! b5efit aris+ f x1 am\nt to b v little4 ,?is mu/ be rem$i$ by ! p le>n+ :at is to be desir$1 & mak+ a dem& = x4 ,x is sometimes argu$ t ! /raight] ! la/ is1 ! less liable is ! foot to tread ! boot ov] to "o side2 b ?is we hold to be a fallacy1 & t ! liability to tread ov]1 is det]m9$ by ! %ape ( t "p ( ! la/ betwe5 ! heel & in/ep4 ,! =m ( ! toe or =w>d "p has no?+ to d ) ! matt]4 ,x is g5]ally1 h[ev]1 an advantage to ! foot1 ?\gh n to ! boot1 if x succe$s 9 tread+ ! latt] ov] to ! outside4 ,x ?us gives ! boot a m di/9ctly "r-&-left %ape1 & c h5ce m easily pres]ve its own4 ,:5 x goes ov] inside1 !re is a good prospect ( a big jo9t be+ soon produc$4 ,! la/-mak]s h giv5 u toes ( _m /yles1 f ! turn-up toes an in* long] ?an necess>y1 to ! /ub-toes half an in* %ort] ?an ! foot2 & f ! r\nd toe n>r[$ to a po9t1 to ! squ>e "o ne>ly or q z wide z ! ball4 ,all t ne$s to be said ( !m is1 t ! wid] !y are1 except ! extreme j not$1 ! bett] = ! foot1 at lea/ :ile ! pres5t la/s are 9 use1 & g5]ally ! h&som] also2 t ! long toe is unnecess>y1 & !re=e unh&some2 :ile ! %ort or /ub toe is decid$ly awkw>d & clumsy-look+1 besides be+ injuri\s to ! foot1 & utt]ly unwor?y ( tol]ation by any p]son ( s5se or ta/e4 ,! true & mo/ ta/eful %ape w be f\nd ne> ! half-way po9t betwe5 ! two extremes 9 ea* direction4 ,:e!r r\nd or squ>e is ( no mat]ial consequ5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h1 !n1 we h f\nd sev]al causes = ! de=mities ( ! =w>d "p ( ! foot--! crook$ great toe1 ! cramp$ & di/ort$ small] ones1 ! corns betwe51 ! gr[n-9 nails1 ! big jo9t1 & ! increas$ wid?4 ,! cause fir/ op]at+ to produce !m is ! wrong %ape ( ! %oe at ! inside1 :i* gives ! oblique position to ! great toe4 ,n>r[ness & %ortness are /rong] influ5ces act+ 9 ! same direction1 aid$ /ill fur!r by extreme height ( heels1 by *ang+1 by n>r[-to$ /ock+s1 etc4 ,& x is especially wor?y ( be+ notic$ t ! %ort & n>r[ toes1 & ! high heels (t5 adopt$ to improve ! foot's appe>ance1 d ?us inevitably defeat t purpose4 ,! att5tion ( ^? :o reg>d _! own foot-com=t is e>ne/ly direct$ to ! po9ts & reason+ pres5t$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,j z e>ne/ly x is desir$ t ^? ^: pr9cipal aim 9 dress+ ! foot is its beauty1 elegance1 & p]fection ( =m1 %\ld give a ?or\gh consid]ation to :at has be5 said4 ,bo? classes w easily see t1 9 ord] to ga9 ! object s\ght1 !re mu/ be a re=m 9 ! %ape & /yle ( ! foot's cov]+4 ,! nature ( t improvem5t is already p>tially %[n--t is1 z f> z ! toes are conc]n$--& w be %[n fully 9 :at is to foll[4 ,! cuts bel[1 %[+ "s ( ! wor/ de=mities ( ! =w>d "p ( ! foot1 & add+ ! =ce ( illu/ration to :at has be5 said1 are an appropriate conclusion to ?is *apt]4 ,x w d no h>m to contra/ !m ) ,fig4 #h & ,fig4 #c1 previ\sly giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,we h lately se5 /ock+s = sale t 7 ne>ly squ>e-to$1 & ^! %\ld obta9 ! pref]5ce 9 buy+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,prev5tion ( ,de=m$ ,toes & ,jo9t--,new ,=ms ( ,sole--,eureka ,la/--,true ,/&>d ( ,ta/e--,h[ ,di/ort$ ,great ,toe may be ,/raight5$--,anci5t & ,m$ieval ,foot app>el--,sugge/ions4 ,let u next endeav\r to asc]ta9 :at %all be done t[>d sub/itut+ an improv$ =m ( cov]+ = ! pres5t false /yle1 z a me?od ( prev5t+ di/ortion ( ! toes & ! evils connect$ ) x2 & also inquire h[ f> ^! de=mities c be reliev$ by prop] ef=t aft] !y h be5 induc$4 ,! %ape ( sole previ\sly describ$ & illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #g7 is tak5 to be z ne> ! absolutely correct "o z any?+ t c n[ be devis$1 & to be approximat$ & realiz$ z soon 9 ! future z possible4 ,x is true t p %\ld be capable ( recogniz+ its correctness1 & ( adopt+ x practically1 at once2 &1 d\btless1 !re are "s :o c consci5ti\sly disreg>d ! /rong t5d5cy to con=mity ) ! prevail+ false /yles1 & we> a boot or %oe :i* repres5ts ! "r idea1 or "o z ne> to x z x is possible = !m to obta94 ,all su* are e>ne/ly advis$ to take ?is c\rse1 & cont9ue x1 bo? = _! own good1 & z a means ( develop+ a s5tim5t 9 fav\r ( ! *ange4 ,b !re are o!r p1 9 l>g] numb]s1 :o w n be p]suad$ to attempt s mu* ( a *ange )\t "s enc\ragem5t f popul> sympa?y4 ,^! mu/ n only be taught to "k :at is "r & wrong 9 ! matt]1 b be l$ to adopt ! "r ?r\gh gradually approximat+ /eps1 t d n v>y s f> f ! /yle at any "t preval5t z to be unpleasantly odd4 ,! eye mu/ become accu/om$ to diff]5t =ms1 & fir/ to ^? t deviate lea/ f ! pres5t fa%ion4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 :at is ! be/ improvem5t t c be made g5]ally acceptable8 ,our pr9cipal c>e is ! pres]vation ( ! %ape ( ! great toe & inside jo9t1 n =gett+ t ! little toe is also entitl$ to c>e2 /ill1 ! great "o is mu* ! mo/ important1 & if only "o c be prop]ly att5d$ to1 ! little "o mu/ wait its opportunity4 ,its de=mity consi/s 9 be+ b5t & twi/$ "u1 & ?\gh ! pressure caus+ ?is may also develop corns1 & injury ( ! toe jo9t1 ! jo9t itself is n =c$ out ( place1 nor is ! bad effect s common1 nor s s]i\s z 9 ! case ( ! l>ge "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,,compromise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,,common ,,sole4 ,figure #ad repres5ts ! sole ( a crook$ la/1 su* z may occasionally be se5 9 use by "s ( our be/ boot-mak]s at ! pres5t "t4 ,contra/$ ) ! "o beside x1 :i* is a pretty fair specim5 ( "r-&-left la/s g5]ally1 x is evid5tly ne>] to ! true =m4 ,9 x1 ! l9e drawn f ! middle ( ! heel to ! middle ( ! ball region passes ?r\gh ! toe ne>e/ ! outside corn]1 leav+ ! great] space at ! inside2 :ile 9 ! o!r ! l9e passes ?r\gh ! toe at ! middle1 ?us mak+ x virtually only a /raight la/1 holl[$ out a little ! mo/ at ! inn] side4 ,= ! purpose ( giv+ ! great toe a /raight position1 x is se5 at a glance t ! =m ( ,fig4 #ad is f> sup]ior to t ( ,fig4 #ae1 ?\gh ! t5d5cy to di/ortion w\ld /ill rema9 ) x to a consid]able ext5t4 ,= ! sake ( a "n to di/+ui% x1 ?is may be call$ ! ,compromise4 ,x is n s mu* 9 advance ( ! common /yles t _m p w\ld notice ! diff]5ce at all1 & la/-mak]s & %oe manufactur]s might adopt x1 & ) a slight ef=t =ce x into g5]al use1 ) great b5efit to ^? feet t are /ill tol]ably well-%ap$1 if n to _! own direct advantage4 ,at lea/1 ! acceptance ( x is "o /ep 9 ! "r direction = ^? :o are n ready to make a m radical innovation4 ,our next =m is some?+ bett]4 ,! reason = x is ! rule giv51 "s fifty or sixty ye>s ago1 by ,dr4 ,pet] ,camp]1 ( ,am/]dam1 :o wrote an essay on ! subject1 9 :i* he /at$ t ! prop] =m ( %oe 0 su* z to all[ all ! toes to lie p>allel ) a l9e drawn ?r\gh ! middle ( ! sole f heel to toe4 ,?is1 ?\gh n p]fect1 01 consid]+ its date1 a pretty good /&>d2 b ! %oemak]s1 if !y 7 ev] gov]n$ by x at all1 h transgress$ x s9ce1 until its int5tion has be5 entirely defeat$4 ,!y h done ?is by n>r[+ ! toe ( ! sole s mu* t ! toes ( ! foot1 in/ead ( ly+ p>allel to ea* o!r & to ! l9e ( ! foot's l5g?1 h _h _! ends drawn toge!r at an angle till !y 7 compell$ ev5 to lie "o ov] ! o!r4 ,:5 ! toes lie z closely toge!r z !y c )\t cr[d+--p>allel1 ! middle ones at lea/1 to ! l9e ( ! foot's l5g?--!re is b little v>iation on ! inside ( ! foot f a /raight l9e4 ,! cuts #af & #ag repres5t1 "o a foot 9 :i* ! toes are drawn toge!r j en\gh to t\*1 & "o z !y usually appe> 9 ! common boot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,,toes ,,p>allel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,,toes ,,drawn ,,to ,,an ,,angle4 ,"h x may be obs]v$ t 9 ,fig4 #af ! l9es drawn pa/ ! sides ( ! toes are ne>ly p>allel to ! l9e ?r\gh ! foot's c5tre1 :ile 9 ,fig4 #ag !y quickly =m an angle ) x4 ,dr4 ,camp]'s rule1 /rictly int]pret$1 w\ld h made a "r-&-left la/ ( ! mo/ extreme "*1 b by n>r[+ ! toe f inside & outside alike1 x 0 conv]t$ into "o no bett] ?an /raight4 ,:at is n[ propos$ is1 t we take ?is rule & am5d x by provid+ t :5 ! inside ( ! sole has ! "r =m to let ! great toe lie p>allel to ! l9e ?r\gh ! middle1 any fur!r n>r[+ ( ! toe %all be done f ! outside only2 & z ! ball ( ! la/ projects slightly ov] ! bottom or sole1 x is conceiv$ t ! inside m>g9 ( ! sole %\ld be no?+ less ?an /raight1 & p>allel to ! l9e ( ! foot's l5g?1 f ! ball =w>d1 9 ord] to give ! great toe ! position claim$4 ,?is w\ld make a la/ a little m /raight on ! inside ?an ! "o describ$ z ! ,compromise4 ,we w call x ! ,excelsior1 & repres5t x by a diagram1 ,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,,sole ,,( ,,excelsior ,,la/4 ,our reason = insi/+ t ! toe be n>r[$ only f ! outside is ! fact already /at$1 t ! consequ5ces ( b5d+ ! great toe are f> worse ?an ^? ( b5d+ ! little ones4 ,besides1 x is n int5d$ to draw !m toge!r any f>!r ?an to make !m t\*1 & ?is c be done )\t di/ort+ any ( !m1 by leav+ ! great "o 9 its natural position1 or ne>ly s1 & mak+ all ! curve ( ! sole on ! outside4 ,! outside toes be+ %orte/1 !y p]mit ?is to be done )\t b5d+ !m m ?an a v little4 ,( c\rse x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! sole _c be n>r[$ beyond a c]ta9 limit )\t injury to ! foot4 ,a m$ium wid? ( toe is ! n>r[e/ t is all[able1 consi/5tly ) ! object we h 9 view4 ,! la/-mak] w und]/& t ! ?icke/ "p ( ! toe ( ! la/ is n to be at ! middle1 b at ! inside1 9 ord] to give room = ! great toe 9 ! /raight-ahead position claim$ = x4 ,at ! ball ! wood is expect$ to project1 z 9 all la/s1 v slightly ov] ! bottom4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! be/ =m--! ne>e/ approa* to t ( ! foot--:i* is practically atta9able :ile ! mod]n boot & %oe reta9 _! pres5t peculi>ity1 ( a sole n>r[] at ! toe ?an at ! ball4 ,on ! :ole1 x is probably equal or sup]ior to t recomm5d$ by ,pr(4 ,mey]1 = ?\gh 8 is m crook$1 giv+ l>g] latitude to ! great toe1 x is a "q if x does n1 by ! extreme curve1 t5d to cramp ! little ones m ?an necess>y1 ?us mak+ a balance betwe5 a good po9t & a bad "o4 ,pr(4 ,mey]'s =m may be be/ = c]ta9 feet1 & = a p>ticul> purpose1 z w be expla9$ 9 speak+ ( ! rem$y = crook$ toes1 b = g5]al purposes we h m fai? 9 ?is4 ,if x 7 adopt$ 9 g5]al use1 & m especially = ! %oes ( *ildr51 & ^? :o h n yet s]i\sly de=m$ _! feet at ! jo9t1 ! next g5]ation w\ld %[ t crook$ toes1 s(t corns1 inv]t$ nails1 big jo9ts1 & bunions _h be5 almo/ aboli%$4 ,su* a result is entirely wor?y ( a noble ef=t on ! "p ( ^? :o furni% foot cov]+s4 ,su* an ef=t1 too1 :5 made1 w surely be second$ by ! gr[+ intellig5ce ( ! :ole p1 :o w be con/antly le>n+ a bett] appreciation ( ! re=m4 ,x is to be hop$ t manufactur]s & we>]s w bo? see :at is = _! cr$it & int]e/1 & unite 9 secur+ its realization4 ,b x w n d to be cont5t ) :at is1 aft] all1 only a r\gh approximation to ! p]fect =m1 =1 sup]ior z is ! ,excelsior la/ to all ! exi/+ %apes1 x is /ill b a transition to "o m complete & m p]man5tly endur+4 ,l all ! o!rs1 x fails to give ! outside toes a *ance to keep _! natural =m4 ,! foot1 9 its normal condition1 does n v closely resemble any ( ! %apes t h "h be5 illu/rat$4 ,x is only aft] x has be5 di/ort$ t !re appe>s any real fitness betwe5 x & ! %oe4 ,! =w>d "p ( ! foot is wid] ?an ! middle2 b ?is fact is n recogniz$ 9 mak+ its cov]+4 ,ev5 ,pr(4 ,mey] is no m consi/5t ?an o!rs1 z may be se5 by contra/+ "o ( ! specim5s ( natural feet :i* he %[s u ) ! sole ( a %oe su* z he w\ld h x clo!d )4 ,z exhibit$ 9 ! cuts bel[1 is !re any good correspond5ce betwe5 ! two1 except t bo? h a g5]al /raightness ^u ! inside8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,,mey]',s ,,=m ,,( ,,sole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,,natural ,,foot4 ,! foot is a wide "o1 & ! %oe-sole r n>r[2 b ?is ne$ n be tak5 into acc\nt1 = ! same want ( h>mony w\ld exi/ if ! wid?s 7 alike4 ,a n>r[ foot1 h[ev]1 may be se5 by ref]5ce to ,fig4 #h1 9 a prec$+ *apt]4 ,! only way out ( ?is awkw>d inconsi/5cy is ! acceptance ( ! =m be=e sugge/$1 & "h reproduc$ 7,fig4 #ba7 to be comp>$ ) its competitors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--;,,eureka4 ,?is has all ! m]its ( any ( !m1 & ! additional "o t x all[s z mu* fre$om to ! toes at ! outside ( ! foot z to ^? at ! 9side4 ,all h a *ance1 provid$ o!r ?+s are z !y %\ld be1 to develop normally & to p]=m _! functions )\t int]f]5ce4 ,!re is an agreem5t betwe5 x & ! foot1 n only on "o side1 b on bo? sides & all ar\nd4 ,x repres5ts completely ! idea ( ,dr4 ,camp]1 :i* _c be done by any?+ ( ! n>r[-to$ =m4 ,by a v slight addition to ! wid? f ! ball =w>d1 on ! inside1 x also repres5ts ! idea ( ,pr(4 ,mey]4 ,s f> z we c see1 x fulfils all ! requirem5ts t c be made conc]n+ ! =m ( sole4 ,x is propos$ to "n x ! ,eureka4 ,if a requirem5t 7 made t x %\ld agree ) ! pres5t popul> ta/e1 ?is patt]n w\ld signally fail4 ,b ?\gh x does n d ?is1 /ill1 if x corresponds ) ! true =m ( ! foot1 & possesses ! m]its claim$1 its excell5ce w1 9 "t1 be ackn[l$g$1 & public ta/e w come to see its elegance also4 ,if !re is any reason at all :y a ?+ is beautiful1 t reason consi/s 9 its fitness or propriety2 & if !re is any %ape m fit & prop] = a sole t is to be trod ^u by an unde=m$ foot1 w "s "o discov] x & make x kn[n4 ,ta/e comes1 at lea/ to a great ext5t1 f education4 ,! tea*+ ( ,*9a creates a ta/e :i* admires a %ort1 /umpy1 small1 useless foot1 z beautiful on a lady4 ,9 m enlight5$ c\ntries a m intellig5t ta/e condemns su* a foot z any?+ else ?an elegant4 ,a /ill bett] educat$ ta/e w admire only "o t is entirely normal2 & to br+ op9ion up to ?is /&>d is ! object ( ef=t4 ,p are to le>n t po9t$ toes & big jo9ts are n natural2 t !y d n come ( !mselves1 & t ! foot-ge> :i* produces !m _c h any propriety or beauty4 ,! v>i\s long-to$1 n>r[-to$1 broad-to$1 /ub-to$1 %ort-heel$1 ?ick-sol$1 /iff1 awkw>d ?+s t are worn by ! masses mu/ be se5 to be1 z !y are1 unfit cov]+s to be put ^u a dec5t human foot4 ,%apes1 /yles1 & fa%ions mu/ be judg$ by _! h>mony or want ( h>mony ) natural requirem5ts1 & accept$ or reject$ accord+ly4 ,!re mu/ be less def]5ce to an unreason+1 arbitr>y op9ion1 & m ( orig9al ?\ght & indep5d5t action2 ?\gh x c\ld h>dly be suppos$ t = su* a matt] any great am\nt ( p]sonal indep5d5ce w\ld be requir$4 ,a diff]5t set ( views & ta/es w ?us1 h[ev]1 be sub/itut$ = ! pres5t ones1 z ! "w ( "t & a m g5]al k ( ! subject4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 />t+ a revolution>y movem5t4 ,any ( ! propos$ =ms ( la/s c be obta9$ f ! la/-mak]s ( ! l>ge cities--all b ! ,eureka v readily--& (t5 ! %oemak] himself1 if +5i\s1 c provide !m = individual feet by alt]+ "s ( ^? n[ 9 use4 ,?is is n s v difficult :5 ! la/ has suffici5t ?ickness at ! toe4 ,at ! inside1 f ! ball =w>d1 x may be %av$ or rasp$ (f en\gh to give a plane surface half an in* or m 9 wid?1 a %\ld] be+ cut at ! comm5cem5t ne> ! ball4 ,successive lay]s ( firm1 solid sole-lea!r are !n pegg$ or nail$ v /rongly to ! wood )\t splitt+ x1 ea* ?ickness sep>ately1 to make ! "w m firm1 until en\gh are on to br+ ! corn] out :]e x %\ld be1 :5 !y are rasp$ into ! =m requir$4 ,nails mu/ n be driv5 9 ! outside pieces4 ,! opposite side ( ! toe may be n>r[$1 curv$1 & ?9n$ to give ! :ole ! prop] %ape4 ,!re is no reason :y ^? p]sons :o are capable ( appreciat+ ! doctr9e ( ?is treatise %\ld n set an example wor?y ( imitation2 & z ! abuses compla9$ ( are s v common1 x is q probable !y might soon f9d !mselves 9 ! company ( a l>ge numb]4 ,ultimately1 x is expect$ t some?+ n less p]fect ?an ! =m la/ propos$1 & hav+ all ! qualities desirable 9 a model %oe1 w be univ]sally adopt$4 ,!re w /ill rema9 to be discov]$ a mode ( cov]+ ! foot :i* w secure to x all its natural fre$om4 ,:at ?is w be x is n easy1 j n[1 to tell4 ,possibly x may take ! peculi>ity ( ! glove1 & provide sep>ate ap>tm5ts = ea* ( ! toes1 becom+ ?us a k9d ( foot-glove1 ) a flexible sole1 sep>at$ betwe5 ! toes1 & :i* w all[ !m to b5d or spread1 & ! :ole foot to l5g!n or contract )\t h9drance :5ev] occasion may require4 ,x w be an article ( luxury1 r ?an o!rwise1 & !re is no prospect ( its imm$iate production4 ,yet su* an "o _c1 )\t difficulty1 p]haps1 be made suffici5tly ?ick to be a good protection aga9/ dampness & ! colde/ wea!r4 ,"s compromise1 ) ! exi/+ /yle ( boot w become necess>y1 ?\gh a %ape bett] adapt$ to ! com=t ( ! toes may be giv5 to ! =w>d "p ( x1 z by ! "t x is made1 ! cramp+1 n>r[-to$ boot w be out ( fav\r2 & ?is br+s u aga9 to ! ,eureka z ! mo/ appropriate =m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at1 n[1 c be done t[>d ! cure ( crook$ toes & enl>g$ jo9ts aft] !y h be5 induc$8 ,! way ( _! prev5tion is already made pla91 b to remove ! disfigurem5t aft] x has become a settl$ ?+ is a mu* m difficult matt]4 ,! toe mu/ be =c$ back to its =m] position1 & kept !re by a /eady1 con/ant pressure1 & ! p>ts be all[$ "t to gradually re-adapt !mselves & gr[ fix$ 9 _! prop] %ape4 ,! /raight5+ ( ! toe w all[ ! bones to come ne>] toge!r at ! jo9t1 & ?is1 :5 n sore1 may p]haps be pu%$ back slightly1 t[>d ! middle ( ! foot1 by ! pressure ( a n>r[ boot4 ,z ?is process is ! exact opposite ( t by :i* ! de=mity is develop$1 x ought1 ) prop] "t1 pati5ce1 & ?or\ghness1 to be tol]ably successful4 ,dr4 ,mey] ev5 leaves x to be inf]r$ t toes :i* are n badly di/ort$ w gradually re-assume _! prim>y position )\t any assi/ance1 provid$ ! %oe is ( ! "r =m1 ) pl5ty ( room at ! end1 & ! /ock+ is n all[$ to prev5t4 ,= /raight5+ ! toe x w\ld seem t "s effici5t me*anical contrivance c\ld be easily arrang$1 b z yet !re is no?+ entirely satisfactory4 ,to be completely successful x ought to be some?+ t c be easily fa/5$ to ! b>e foot1 s t all ! toes may be br\ght to _! prop] place be=e cov]+ ) ! /ock+4 ,b !re is a difficulty 9 mak+ ! little toe1 or ev5 m ?an "o ( !m1 act z a po9t ( support f :i* a =ce c be br\ght to be> aga9/ ! great "o4 ,s1 :ile unable to d bett]1 ?is /ation>y po9t mu/ be f\nd 9 ! sole ( ! %oe4 ,! be/ ?+ we h be5 able to discov] is a simple plate ( metal1 /&+ upright betwe5 ! great toe & its neighb\r1 s securely fa/5$ to ! insole z to prev5t ! toe f incl9+ t[>d ! side4 ,( c\rse no?+ c be done 9 a boot or %oe ( ! common =m1 z 9 su* a "o ! toe _c be /raight5$ by any means :atev]4 ,! la/ on :i* x is made mu/ be "o l t describ$ z ! ,excelsior1 or1 :at is /ill bett] = ?is case1 "o ( ! =m propos$ by ,dr4 ,mey]4 ,!re is no dang] ( go+ to an extreme 9 s %ap+ ! la/ z to turn ! toe inw>d1 because1 ! toe1 aft] be+ fa/5$ at its end1 t5ds /rongly to resume its old1 de=m$ position by pu%+ ! upp] ov] ! edge ( ! sole at ! jo9t4 ,x ?us p>tially defeats ! object1 & w be /raight5$ less ?an ! =m ( ! la/ 7& %oe7 indicates t x ought to be4 ,h5ce x is well n to let ! ball ( ! la/ project ov] ! bottom1 & ?us try to keep back ! jo9t f pu%+ ov] ! upp] ( ! %oe4 ,&1 ev5 if ! la/ is crook$ inw>d at ! toe a little m ?an ,mey]'s rule directs1 !re w be no h>m4 ,x %\ld also be well holl[$ or curv$ on ! inside1 at ! region back ( ! ball & above ! %ank4 ,! m ! wood is tak5 (f "h1 ! m ! foot w be ?r[n t[>d ! outside ( ! %oe1 or made to tread outside1 & ?is w some:at c\nt]balance ! t5d5cy :i* ! toe has1 :5 ! end ( x is made /ation>y1 to pu% ! jo9t & :ole foot t[>d ! inside4 ,! crook$ness w appe> extreme1 & p]haps ridicul\s1 b x w be f\nd 9 practice t x takes a v crook$ %oe to make a big toe /raight4 ,we believe1 h[ev]1 t ?is t5d5cy ( ! toe & jo9t to keep _! old position by tread+ ov] inside c be c\nt]act$ by putt+ a l[ c\nt] or /iff5+ ( sole-lea!r into ! upp] ( ! %oe at ! ball1 9 ! same way a simil> "o is ins]t$ at ! heel4 ,or1 if ! jo9t is too s5sitive to be t\*$ by /iff lea!r1 let ! /iff5+ piece be plac$ j back ( ! ball1 9 ! %ank4 ,! top "p ( x mu/ be ?9n$1 :ile ! bottom "p rema9s ?ick & firm4 ,x has n be5 fairly tri$1 b if ! jo9t is n sore x c h>dly fail to be effective4 ,x %\ld be a false insole to :i* ! p>tition or sep>ator is fa/5$1 s t x c be easily *ang$1 because !re is "s difficulty 9 fitt+ x exactly "r ! fir/ "t1 &1 besides1 ! we>] may wi%1 ev5 :5 x suits z well z possible1 to remove x & give ! toe a re/+-spell 9 its old position2 :ile if ! p>tition is secur$ to ! prop] insole ( ! boot1 x mu/ rema9 !re1 :e!r "r or wrong1 & 9 ! latt] case ! boot w be wor?less4 ,a /rip ( ?ick t91 half or ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* wide1 & two & a half in*es long1 is all t is requir$ = ! mat]ial4 ,if pref]r$1 x may be ( ?9 %eet iron or %eet brass4 ,any t9smi? w furni% x1 b5t & d\bl$ into ! =m repres5t$ 9 ! diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,,sep>ator4 ,! upright "p is five-eigh?s or ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* high1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! toes4 ,a cut is made 9 ! insole1 & ?is "p put ?r\gh1 :ile ! ends are fa/5$ to ! "u-side ( ! sole by "s v small-head$ tacks1 su* z e %oemak] has ^u 8 b5*1 or c readily procure1 & c drive aft] mak+ holes ?r\gh ! t9 ) a %>p-po9t$ peg-awl1 cl9*+ _! po9ts on 8 lap-iron2 or if ! "p goes ?r\gh snugly1 !re is no real ne$ ( fa/5+ at all4 ,x is be/ n to set ! p>tition v f> back f ! end ( ! toe1 because at ! fir/ jo9t !re is b a ?9 cov]+ ( fle% to gu>d ! bone f be+ hurt4 ,! exact place = x mu/ be det]m9$ by c>efully measur+ ! foot1 :ile ! toe is kept /raight by ! h&1 & aft]w>d measur+ ! same l5g? on ! insole1 ) ! size-/ick2 ! wid? ( ! toe1 z well z ! foot's l5g?1 be+ also tak51 & 9 ! same way4 ,to make sure t x %all n *afe ! toe1 ! p>tition or sep>ator may be cov]$ neatly ) clo?1 or ) a piece ( ?9 %eepsk9 or kid lea!r4 ,! foll[+ cut %[s x :5 ready to be put into ! %oe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,,insole ,,) ,,sep>ator4 ,! edges & corn]s ( ! sep>ator ne$ to be smoo?ly r\nd$1 & ! =w>d upright corn] may be l[]$ by fil+ (f1 if desir$1 to prev5t its %[+ aga9/ ! upp]4 ,x %\ld n be wid] or ?ick] at its =w>d "p1 t is1 x %\ld n be triangul>%ap$1#c s z to sep>ate ! toes m at ! ends ?an f>!r back1 = if s x w\ld prev5t ! small] ones f /raight5+ out to correspond ) ! l>ge "o4 ,! l>ge toe (t5 pu%es ! small] ones to ! outside--"p ( !m1 at lea/--& :5 ! great toe is re/or$ to /raightness ! small] ones %\ld be all[$ to foll[ x1 z !y w be incl9$ to d1 :ile ! curve ( ! %oe on ! outside t5ds also to pu% !m back t[>d ! inside4 ,almo/ any?+ betwe5 !m w keep !m ap>t tempor>ily1 z = ! purpose ( giv+ ease to a sore jo9t1 :]e !re is no int5tion to cont9ue ! improvem5t4 ,:5 ! %oe is made ready !re may /ill be "s difficulty ab\t gett+ ! foot into x4 ,!re mu/ fir/ be a toe made 9 ! /ock+2 :i* c be done 9 a r\gh way by sew+ two p>allel seams1 an eigh? ( an in* or s ap>t1 f ! end ( ! /ock+ to a dep? equal to ! l5g? ( ! great toe1 ( suffici5t wid? to give room = x1 & !n cutt+ d[n betwe5 ^! seams ) ! scissors4 ,! /ock+ %\ld itself be ( good wid?1 to give space = ! small] toes to be sep>at$ also4 ,an +5i\s woman w\ld probably f9d a bett] way ( mak+ ! toe1 b ?is w answ] if necess>y4 ,!n1 if ! jo9t is n too /iff1 or ! toe too mu* b5t aside1 x c be kept /raight :ile go+ into ! boot by ! f+]s ( "o h& press+ aga9/ x outside ( ! upp] lea!r2 & :5 ?is is ! case ! foot may be clo!d 9 any k9d ( a boot or %oe1 & no difficulty w be exp]i5c$ 9 putt+ x on4 ,a man's calf boot may be drawn on 9 ?is way ! fir/ "t x is worn4 ,b :5 ! de=mity is too decid$ to all[ ( ! toe be+ kept /raight by ! h& 9 ?is mann]1 a %oe :i* laces 9 front mu/ be made1 ! op5+ be+ cut d[n some:at l[] ?an usual--z l[1 9 fact1 z w answ]--?\gh ! l9e ( ! vamp is /ill curv$ s mu* t ! seam w n cross ! jo9ts--a direction :i* ! mak] w und]/&4 ,on acc\nt ( ! vamp be+ s %ort1 ! %oe w look bett] if made r long = ! foot4 ,) ?is ! foot c be turn$ a little1 & work$ ar\nd 9 su* a way z commonly to get ! toe to g 9 on ! "r side ( ! p>tition2 b if !re is /ill difficulty1 a pretty sure way ( accompli%+ ! object is to take a y>d ( tape1 ribbon1 or some?+ simil>1 w9d x up ar\nd ! f+] into a l>ge1 compact wad1 & cr[d x 9 betwe5 ! toes till ! great "o is well /raight5$ out1 tak+ c>e to leave "o end ( ! tape hang+ outside ! %oe4 ,! toe w !n be likely to g into ! place made = x1 & ! tape c be pull$ out by its free end be=e ! %oe is fully drawn on4 ,a l[ %oe is /ill bett] ?an a high "o = ^! difficult cases1 z ! l[] x is ! m fre$om w be all[$ to turn ! foot "o side 9 ent]+ ! toe4 ,ev5 :]e no tr\ble ( ?is k9d is anticipat$1 x is /ill advisable t ! fir/ trial be made ) a lac$ %oe--:e!r high or l[ is n mat]ial--:51 if entirely successful1 a boot1 or a ,button gait] may next be v5tur$2 & to ^? :o _c feel suffici5t fai? 9 ^! /atem5ts to risk a failure on a pair ( good %oes1 we recomm5d t !y h a pair made ( ! poore/ & *eape/ mat]ials1 & try !m z an exp]im5t4 ,! me?ods "h giv5 ( /raight5+ ! toe1 & ! way ( mak+ ! %oe & gett+ ! foot into x1 h be5 tri$ ) fair success4 ,great toes t 7 badly de=m$ h be5 br\ght back s mu* z to give ! appe>ance ( well-=m$ feet1 )\t creat+ any discom=t1 & ) positive ease & b5efit to all ! o!r toes4 ,( c\rse1 ! less ! di/ortion1 & ! less "t x has exi/$1 ! easi] to accompli% ! purpose4 ,!re may be _m cases :i* !re w\ld be little use 9 attempt+ to re=m2 b ! great majority c probably be improv$2 & ?\gh a complete success may n be always atta9able1 ! ga9 9 appe>ance1 to say no?+ ( com=t1 ought to be suffici5t inducem5t to make a trial ( ! plan4 ,9 "s cases an unpleasant feel+ to ! toe or jo9t may be occasion$ by ! *ange1 z might be expect$ 9 any *ange ( a simil> k9d1 b x is likely to become less & less till x entirely disappe>s4 ,! greate/ direct b5efit1 h[ev]1 w d\btless be 9 ! case ( bunion or o!r sor5ess ( ! jo9t1 :]e ! /raight5+ ( ! toe w\ld give imm$iate relief1 & furni% a motive to cont9ue ! new habit4 ,! difficulty ( effect+ ?is 9 ! common-%ap$ %oe is well kn[n to ^? :o h _h occasion to try x4 ,) ! new =m x w be comp>atively easy4 ,hav+ ! great toe correct$1 & ! small] ones left free to correct !mselves1 be+ also influ5c$ to d s by ! curve on ! outside ( ! %oe1 !re is ! be/ reason to believe t by p]sev]+ly cont9u+ ! position = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 all ! p>ts w\ld return p]man5tly to _! natural =m4 ,9 ! wor/ cases ?is "t might be sev]al ye>s2 9 o!rs only z _m mon?s4 ,! law t any limb or organ ( ! body w adapt itself to a *ange ( position is "o t _c be que/ion$2 ! only d\bt is z to ! ext5t ( ! *ange :i* may be ?us effect$4 ,:5 ! foot has be5 ye>s 9 gr[+ into a bad %ape1 x _c be expect$ to "r itself imm$iately1 ?\gh mu* may dep5d ^u ! ?or\ghness ) :i* ! rem$y is appli$4 ,prev5tion1 h[ev]1 is said to be f> bett] ?an cure4 ,x c]ta9ly is 9 ?is matt]1 &1 be+ s easy & simple1 !re c h>dly be any good reason = its neglect4 ,z a means ( develop+ "s h9ts t may be ( s]vice 9 orig9at+ an article sup]ior to any n[ worn1 z well z a matt] ( curiosity1 & to %[ "s ( ! elegance =m]ly exi/+1 we give a few repres5tations ( ! foot-app>el worn 9 anci5t & m$ieval times4 ,x seems possible !re may be "s peculi>ity ab\t !m t c be adopt$ & made ( use = ! future4 ,we are indebt$ = !m to ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,hall's 8,,book ,,( ,,! ,,feet40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,anci5t ,,egyptian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,roman4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,old ,,engli%4 ,! fir/ cut is t ( a s&al worn by ! ari/ocracy ( ,egypt 9 ! e>lie/ ages4 ,!re is a fa/5+ ov] ! in/ep1 & ano!r pass+ f t1 to a po9t betwe5 ! great toe & ! small] ones1 to prev5t slipp+ t[>d ei!r side4 ,! foot is a h&some "o--evid5tly t ( a lady--& ! s&al seems appropriate to a dry1 w>m climate1 9 ! days :5 a p>tially b>e foot _h n become disgraceful4 ,! second figure repres5ts ! co?urnus ( ! old ,romans--a sort ( boot-s&al1 lac$ 9 front d[n to ! roots ( ! toes1 b leav+ ! toes !mselves expos$ & free1 & ) a sole l a s&al1 evid5tly %ap$ to fit ! foot--n ! foot to fit x4 ,! /urdy conqu]ors ( ! _w did n1 x is pla91 believe 9 subject+ _! toes to any su* tyranny z we impose ^u ours4 ,:o c say ! foot is n f9ely =m$1 al?\gh ! toes are n drawn toge!r into a pile8 or t ! cov]+ is n appropriate1 neat1 & elegant8 ,figure #bf %[s u a =m ( %oe 9 fa%ion among ! nobility ( ,engl& 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,?\gh ! toe is some:at l5g?y1 ! %oe is o!rwise em95tly s5sible4 ,we ought to be1 & ?9k we are1 able to improve ^u :at 0 done by our ance/ors ( f\r hundr$ ye>s ago2 yet "h is a sole t1 not)/&+ its ridicul\sly long toe1 is bett] adapt$ to fit ! natural foot & pres]ve its %ape ?an any ( ^? made at ! pres5t day4 ,a turn-up toe is n s objectionable1 :5 ( mod]ate l5g?1 z x leaves less necessity = a high heel4 ,& if our %oes mu/ h long & n>r[ toes1 some?+ l ?is is decid$ly bett]1 & no m ridicul\s1 ?an ! cramp+1 di/ort+ %apes n[ 9 use4 ,x is at lea/ extraord9>y t ) all our mod]n wisdom we are n yet able to produce a bett] =m ?an any ( !m4 ,b :ile wait+ = ! "r ?+1 if ! ,p>is cordonni]s w adopt ?is1 & return x to u duly indors$ z ! late/ or?odox ,fr5* /yle1 !re w be reason = gratitude to !m1 & = congratulation among ourselves4 ,x may be notic$ t ! =m "h %[n w\ld1 if its long toe 7 tak5 (f1 h a /rong resemblance to t call$ ! ,eureka1 ! bread? at ! "p :]e ! toes lie1 be+ its be/ & mo/ important po9t4 ,& ?us comp>+ ! ,eureka ) all ! mod]n %apes ( boots & %oes1 we are compell$ to re-ass]t t x is n only ! be/ ( any = all prop] purposes1 b t1 look$ ^u ) a rightly educat$ ta/e--) a k t ! =w>d "p ( ! foot is1 & ought to be1 ! wide/--x is also ! mo/ beautiful4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,!re is no objection to ?is =m 9 p>ticul> cases :]e x is desir$ to g to an extreme 9 /raight5+ ! toe1 provid$ t side ( ! sep>ator next ! small toes be kept /raight1 & ! increase ( wid? made to ?r[ ! great "o /ill f>!r inw>d4 ,x may be done by fil+ (f ! =w>d corn] ( ! upright portion till its two sides are sep>at$ ne>ly back to ! opposite corn]1 :5 a w$ge ( lea!r c be ins]t$ to keep !m ap>t4 ,!re mu/ be pl5ty ( room 9 ! upp]1 or ! pressure ( su* a sep>ator may create sor5ess at ! nail4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,flatt5$ ,condition ( ! ,ar*--,beauty ( "o t is ,natural--,nature & ,purpose ( its ,con/ruction--,h[ x ,becomes ,brok5 ,d[n--,l5g!n+ ( ! ,foot--,lack ( ,developm5t--,means ( ,improvem5t--,la/s = ,flat ,feet--,transv]se ,ar*4 ,ano!r ( ! prom95t disfigurem5ts ( ! foot is t commonly kn[n z flat-foot1 :i* is se5 :]e ! ar* ( ! in/ep is 9 a brok5-d[n or flatt5$ condition4 ,?is de=mity has1 if possible1 a m awkw>d & ungraceful effect ?an t caus$ by ! unnatural position ( ! toes & jo9ts2 ?\gh !re may be less pa9ful effects att5d+ x ?an are atta*$ to ! latt]4 ,! wor/ tr\ble accompany+ ?is k9d ( disfigurem5t is ! weakness :i* is att5dant ^u x1 & :i* is sometimes s extreme z to int]f]e s]i\sly ) walk+ = any great di/ance1 or /&+ long at a "t2 mak+ itself felt at v>i\s p]iods1 z !re happ5s to be a dem& = /r5g? & activity4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to say h[ unnatural is su* a condition4 ,*ildr5 are seldom subject to x1 except :5 connect$ ) weak ankles4 ,ev5 ! *ildr5 ( p>5ts :o are notori\sly flat-foot$ h feet t are tol]ably well ar*$4 ,we v5ture to say t ! wild ,indian ( ! native =e/ 0 nev] se5 ) ! beauty ( 8 symmetrical & h&some frame m>r$ by flat feet4 ,!re are "s ( ! race :o flatt5 _! heads1 b !y nev] we> boots1 nor heels on _! moccas9s1 & _! feet are !re=e free f ?is disagreeable %ape4 ,! arti/ nev] all[s a repres5tation ( ?is de=mity to appe> 9 8 "w2 on ! contr>y1 an ar* t is high & well-m>k$ has always be5 consid]$ beautiful4 ,x gives an air9ess1 elegance1 & grace to ! appe>ance ( ! foot :i* is z beautiful z ! flat foot is ungraceful & awkw>d4 ,a firm /ep & upright c>riage ( ! :ole body are also g5]ally to be f\nd ) ! ar*$ in/ep--nev] )\t2 :ile ! flat foot1 if n se51 may always be inf]r$ f ! unnatural1 %uffl+ gait ( its possessor4 ,! high ar* is ?us beautiful = ! same reason t any o!r organ or "p ( ! body is beautiful--because x is bett] adapt$ to p]=m its int5d$ function or (fice1 :i* is ! support ( ! weight ( ! body1 ?is design be+ m p]fectly accompli%$ :5 ! ar* is high1 because x is !n /rong] ?an :5 l[ or flatt5$4 ,to flatt5 x is l draw+ ap>t ! ends ^u :i* x re/s1 & ?is1 x is app>5t1 weak5s1 if x does n entirely break1 ! unity & /r5g? ( ! :ole4 ,! nature ( ! con/ruction ( ! foot 9 ?is respect is ?us set =? by ,pr(4 ,mey]3 8,if ! inn] aspect ( ! foot is exam9$1 we f9d t x is an ar*1 re/+ 9 front on ! ant]ior heads ( ! five metat>sal bones1 b pr9cipally on t ( ! great toe1 & on t ( ! calcaneum beh9d4 ,! a/ragalus =ms ! key-/one ( ! ar*4 8,! ar* is enabl$ to reta9 its =m by means ( /rong ligam5ts or b&s pass+ f "o bone to ! o!rs1 & ?us held closely toge!r1 su/a9s ! sup]9cumb5t weight ( ! body )\t giv+ way4 8,:5 we re/ on ! foot1 z 9 /&+1 ! ar* is flatt5$ by ! pressure f above1 & consequ5tly becomes l5g!n$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! foot is all[$ to hang free1 ! curvature ( ! ar* is increas$4 ,at e /ep 9 walk+1 also1 :5 ! foot is rais$ f ! gr\nd1 ! curvature imm$iately becomes great] ?r\gh ! action ( ! muscles40 ,?is action1 x w be readily se51 is precisely t ( a spr+ "u a c>riage1 or o!r simil> vehicle1 & seems to h a l int5tion--t ( prev5t+ ! transmission ( a %ock or j> to ! jo9ts1 & ! int]nal organs ( ! body above4 ,x w be f\nd true1 we believe1 t 9 p]sons ( muscul> temp]am5t--! temp]am5t t gives tall1 sp>e1 & angul> =ms--! curvature ( ! ar* is great] ?an 9 ^? ^: natural disposition ( body is t[>d fle%9ess4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! muscles ( ! :ole sy/em be+ weak]1 !y all[ ! bones ( ! foot to sep>ate m easily1 & ?is1 consequ5tly1 all[s ! flatt5+4 ,9 o!r words1 we /rongly suspect t 9 ?is temp]am5t ( ! body ! ligam5ts are n s d5se1 firm1 & /rong z !y are 9 p]sons ^: physical /ructure is m pr$om9antly muscul>4 ,! ligam5ts :i* hold ! bones toge!r at ! jo9ts are n design$ to /ret*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 b !y d yield :5 suffici5t =ce is ex]t$ ^u !m1 z 9 ! case ( spra9s & dislocations1 & x is reasonable to inf] t !y adapt !mselves to ! dem& made ^u !m4 ,! muscles gr[ long] & l>g]1 z d also ! bones1 "u circum/ances t call = su* gr[? or adaptations to conditions4 ,s d all ! organs & tissues ( ! body1 9 great] or less degree2 & if ! ligam5ts d n1 !y are a pla9 exception1 :i* is n probable4 ,?is be+ s1 a con/ant /ra9 ^u ! ligam5ts ( ! foot's ar*1 z 9 /&+ = sev]al h\rs )\t re/1 mu/ cause !m to /ret* some:at1 all[+ ! bones to loos5 & s9k d[n1 :ile ! same sev]e /ra91 if cont9u$ = a yet long] p]iod1 w\ld =ce !m to gr[ into ?is l5g!n$ condition1 to meet ! dem& ^u !m1 ?us r5d]+ ! fault p]man5t4 ,9 p]sons ( fle%y t5d5cy1 ! natural s(tness & weakness ( ! muscles & ligam5ts all[ !m ! m easily to give way to ! pressure ^u ! ar*4 ,x is believ$ to be ! fact t ! de=mity is m common among p ( ?is type1 & x w be well = ^? s con/itut$ to gu>d aga9/ any?+ t t5ds to its developm5t4 ,x is 9 p]sons ( ! opposite type--^? :o h firm1 close1 h>d1 & /rong muscles1 & no extra fle%--t ! ar* is f\nd 9 its greate/ p]fection4 ,!re ! /rong muscles & ligam5ts b9d ! bones toge!r ) su* firmness t ! ar* is enabl$ long] to resi/ ! influ5ces :i* t5d to break x d[n4 ,yet ! flat foot is v common1 9 spite ( all nature's ef=ts = prev5tion4 ,! de=mity1 9 great] or less degree1 may be said to exi/ z ! rule among adult p]sons1 :ile ! natural ar* is ! exception4 ,among "s classes ( p1 flat-foot is almo/ :olly preval5t4 ,h>d toil & degrad+ conditions n only debase ! p]son morally & intellectually1 b !y affect ! gait & c>riage1 & _! influ5ce may be se5 to rea* d[n to ! v bottom ( ! foot4 ,x 0 ?is fault1 possibly1 :i* fir/ sugge/$ ! practice ( we>+ heels1 or1 if x did n orig9ate1 at lea/ cont9u$ x4 ,heels p>tially re/ore t elevation & air9ess ( ! foot :i* is giv5 by a natural ar*1 & :i* con/itutes its grace & beauty4 ,:5 rightly made1 & worn z a *oice ( two evils1 or z a p>tial rem$y = an evil1 !y are n objectionable2 b !y c be only a p>tial corrective4 ,!y c nev] be sub/itut$ = a good ar*2 :ile1 worn z !y are & h be51 !y really become "o ( ! causes ( ! de=mity :i* 9 turn calls = _! use4 ,ano!r cause is ?us expla9$ 9 ,pr(4 ,mey]'s book3 8,flat-foot is occasion$ by ! loos5+ ( ! ligam5ts t knit ! foot firmly toge!r1 &1 by ! consequ5t s9k+ ( ! ar*1 ! inn] aspect ( ! foot no long] pres5ts ! natural holl[ 9 ! sole4 ,! causes ( su* loos5+ ( ! ligam5ts are num]\s1 b by f> ! mo/ frequ5t1 & "o readily induc$ by ! ord9>y %oe1 is weight improp]ly direct$ on ! ar*4 ,if1 = example1 a %oe happ5s to be trodd5 on "o side1 & especially1 z is mo/ commonly ! case1 if x be s at ! heel1 !n ! heel has no support1 except f ! inn] m>g9 ( ! sole1 :i* is ?us worn away1 & ! heel-piece becomes oblique1 or1 9 o!r words1 l[] at "o side ?an ! o!r4 ,9 walk+ & /&+ on su* a heel-piece1 ! :ole ext]nal m>g9 ( ! foot is rais$1 & ! inn]1 :i* naturally supports ! ar*1 is s depress$ z gradually to lose its convexity1 & ?us flat-foot is produc$40 ,! nature ( ! cause "h spok5 ( seems to be l t ( a spra91 to a slight degree1 & may be an influ5tial "o1 b we d\bt t x is ! mo/ common cause ( t loos5+ ( ! ligam5ts :i* all[s ! foot to break d[n4 ,! mo/ common & effici5t ( all ! causes ( ?is difficulty1 x appe>s to u1 is ! %ort heel :i* has always be5 worn on boots & %oes1 & is /ill1 except :]e an innovation ^u its %ape has be5 made )9 a few ye>s pa/4 ,?is1 ?\gh n /rictly a direct cause1 l a /ra9 f above1 is ! condition :i* mo/ frequ5tly admits & enc\rages ! s9k+ ( ! ar*4 ,t %ort heels mo/ frequ5tly admit ( & enc\rage ! s9k+ ( ! ar* ( ! foot w be readily se5 by an explanation4 ,!re are sev]al bones :i*1 toge!r1 =m ! =w>d "p ( ! ar*1 :ile ! back "p consi/s ( "o l>g] bone1 te*nically call$ ! calcaneum1 or os calcis1 :i* makes up ! pr9cipal "p ( ! heel4 ,p>tly above ?is1 & betwe5 x & ! =w>d bones1 is ! "o call$ ! a/ragalus1 :i* is ! key/one1 be+ locat$ ! highe/ ( any1 & ! "o ^u :i* re/ ! bones ( ! leg2 9 size x is next to ! calcaneum4 ,an illu/ration w %[ ! position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,! inn] aspect ( ! foot1 %[+ ! ar*$ con/ruction ( ! :ole foot--a1 head ( metat>sal bone ( great toe1--b1 calcaneum1--c1 a/ragalus4 ,! =w>d "p ( ! calcaneum1 or heel-bone1 at its l[] surface1 is some:at high] ?an ! back "p1 & has "u x a ?ick] cu%ion ( fle%4 ,:5 ! b>e foot treads ^u ! surface1 or :5 !re is no heel ^u ! %oe-sole1 ?is po9t--lett] e 9 ! diagram--is z well support$ z any o!r1 &1 be+ s1 enables all ! o!r bones to keep _! prop] places1 b :5 !re is a heel on ! sole ( ! %oe1 x is n long en\gh--does n ext5d "u f> en\gh--to support ?is =w>d "p ( ! heel-bone4 ,! sole1 =w>d ( ! heel1 is n usually /iff en\gh to support x1 & !re=e x falls d[nw>d z mu* z ! lea!r w give way2 ! heel-piece be+ (t5 half an in* too %ort1 & sometimes m ?an t4 ,!n1 if ! sole is light1 s z to give way easily1 !re is no?+ to prev5t ?is "p ( ! bone f settl+ d[n to ! ext5t ( a qu>t] ( an in*1 or ev5 m4 ,:ile ! back "p is support$1 ! front is turn+ directly d[nw>d4 ,?is all[s ! a/ragalus & ! :ole ar* to s9k d[n to ! same ext5t1 &1 9 "t1 all p>ts ( ! foot w adapt !mselves to _! *ang$ condition1 & ! flat %ank become a p]man5t ?+4 ,if any p]son w exam9e a slipp] worn ) a heel1 or a boot hav+ an ord9>y sole1 x w be se5 t j 9 front ( ! heel ! sole is depress$1 or b5t d[nw>d1 f "o-eigh? to ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,?is is almo/ inv>iable1 except :5 a v long heel1 or a /iff %ank 9 ! sole1 pres]ves ! natural position ( ! calcaneum or bone ( :i* ! heel is =m$4 ,! am\nt ( ?is depression %[s h[ mu* ! ar* has sunk1 & h[ mu* high] x w\ld be if prop]ly support$4 ,x indicates v pla9ly ! occasion & orig9 ( a l>ge proportion ( ! flat & splay feet t may be s frequ5tly obs]v$4 ,?is ineffici5cy ( ! common %ort heel to prop]ly support ! ar* 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,plum]1 ( ,bo/on1 to :om is due ! cr$it ( %[+ ! bad effects j notic$ z ! result ( its be+ worn4 ,8 /yle ( boot & la/ w be discuss$ fur!r on4 ,x has be5 /at$ t z ! foot flatt5s1 x also l5g!ns4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t "s flat feet are z mu* z two sizes1 or two-?irds ( an in*1 long] ?an ! same feet w\ld be if well ar*$2 an item wor? notic+ by ^? :o are fa/idi\s ^u ?is po9t4 ,9 fall+ d[n1 ! calcaneum is pu%$ backw>d mak+ ! long-heel$ foot1 :ile ! bones =w>d ( ! a/ragalus mu/ advance m or less 9 _! direction1 ?us add+ to ! foot's l5g? at bo? ends1 & mak+ ! leg appe> to be set f> t[>d ! middle4 ,! ends mu/ necess>ily be sep>at$ be=e ! middle ( ! ar* c s9k1 & ?is is :y its flatt5+ is accompani$ by ! long heel4 ,9 a foot t is well ar*$1 ! projection ( bone at ! upp] "p ( ! heel ext5ds f>!r back ?an ! l[] edge at ! sole4 ,9 a flat foot1 on ! contr>y1 ! bottom "p ext5ds back f>!r ?an ! bony projection above1 :i*1 9 fact1 is pretty sure n to project at all4 ,x may be ask$1 ,:y n keep ! ends ( ! ar* toge!r by a boot t is %ort at bo? ends1 suppos+ su* a "o c\ld be made t w\ld n di/ort ! toes8 ,simply because x w\ld prev5t ! use1 & consequ5t /r5g?1 ( ! muscles ( ! "u side ( ! foot1 :i* are !mselves ! natural b&s = hold+ ! ends toge!r1 & ! :ole ar* 9 its rais$ position4 ,^! muscles1 be+ weak5$ by ! cramp+ ( a %ort boot1 w\ld all[ ! ar* to s9k :5ev] ! artificial support 0 tak5 away4 ,?is reason+ seems to indicate su* a treatm5t z "o ( ! causes by :i* flatness is produc$1 & z p9*+ ! foot l5g?wise has be5 a common fault1 ?is cause may h be5 q effective4 ,dr4 ,mey] ?us ref]s to ano!r bad influ5ce3 8,we h already se5 t ! foot =ms an ar*1 ! effici5cy ( :i* 9 a special mann] dep5ds on ! t5sity ( its ligam5ts be+ ma9ta9$4 ,if !n1 an unnatural & flatt5+ pressure be con/antly ex]cis$ on ?is ar*1 ! b9d+ ligam5ts get slack5$ & ! ar* falls d[n2 a brok5-d[n ar*1 z we h already se51 causes flat-foot4 ,! pressure ( ! upp] lea!r on ! in/ep mu/1 !re=e1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( n>r[ boots1 fav\r ! orig9 ( ?is de=mity4 ,! same cause mu/ fur!r int]f]e ) locomotion1 = at e /ep ! increas$ ar*+ ( ! in/ep1 :i* takes place ! mom5t t ! foot is set to 8 rais$ f ! gr\nd is resi/$ by ! upp] lea!r1 & an injuri\s influ5ce is ?us ex]cis$ on ! action ( "s ( ! muscles us$ 9 walk+1 & :i* runs f ! ant]ior aspect ( ! l[] leg to ! back ( ! foot40 ,all cramp+1 b9d+1 & conf9+ ( any "p ( ! body weak5s x1 z is well kn[n to e intellig5t read]4 ,h5ce ! manife/ impropriety ( we>+ any?+ unnecess>ily tight or b9d+ to ! ar* ( ! in/ep4 ,e boot t is uncom=tably tight has to "s degree ! effect ( weak5+1 & r5d]+ x m liable to fall d[n4 ,m especially is ?is ! case :5 ! lea!r us$ is ?ick1 h>d1 or /iff4 ,mu* ( ! *eap & inf]ior goods (f]$ = sale ready-made are s]i\sly objectionable on ?is acc\nt4 ,! upp]s !mselves are--a l>ge %>e ( !m1 at lea/--?ick & h>d1 :ile ! pegg$ soles are made z /iff z possible1 to give ! appe>ance ( ?ick1 solid1 & s]viceable lea!r 9 t "p4 ,_m a poor man is ?us actually hobbl$1 to a great] or less ext5t1 by ! mis]able foot-ge> 8 pov]ty compels him to we>4 ,z !re is b v little b5d to !m1 !re is b little use ( ! muscles ( ! foot4 ,x is cramp$ or unnaturally press$ ^u1 ev5 ?\gh hav+ pl5ty ( room1 & might almo/ z well be cas$ 9 iron z 9 ! /iff kip or c[hide boot or brogan4 ,! result is weakness1 flatt5+1 & a t5d5cy to o!r k9ds ( di/ortion4 ,we believe ! frequ5cy ( flat-foot among "s ( ! poor] classes ( p may ?us be easily acc\nt$ =4 ,! peasantry ( o!r c\ntries are ev5 less =tunate ?an our own4 ,say+ no?+ ( wood5 %oes1 ! lea!r ones !y we> are n only ?ick & /iff 9 mat]ial1 b ! soles are (t5 fill$ ) /\t iron nails besides4 ,) su* ?+s on ! feet !re c be no spr+ to ! toes1 no use = ! =w>d "p ( ! ar*1 no play to ! muscles4 ,! feet c h>dly be o!rwise ?an weak & flat4 ,:5 tightness is add$ to /iffness ! effect mu/ be /ill worse4 ,*ildr5 mu/ feel ^! bad consequ5ces m ?an adults1 = be+ less firm 9 _! muscles & bones1 !y h less p[] ( resi/+ ! cramp+1 weak5+ influ5ce4 ,"s ( ! boots manufactur$ 9 ?is c\ntry = boys c be recomm5d$ only z a slightly less evil ?an go+ b>efoot 9 cold wea!r4 ,"o o!r reason is1 v probably1 lack ( developm5t4 ,! calf ( ! leg is b p>tially develop$ 9 "s races ( m51 & only comes to its full gr[? 9 conditions ( civiliz$ society t call = ! use ( all its muscles4 ,s x is confid5tly believ$ t all ^? /eps & motions :i* give lightness1 grace1 ease1 & elegance to ! movem5ts ( ! body1 su* z occur 9 mo/ v>ieties ( ! dance1 & p>ticul>ly su* z dem& ! use ( ! toes1 h a t5d5cy to develop & /r5g!n ! foot's ar*4 ,z its full developm5t t5ds to create easy1 light1 & graceful movem5ts1 s ^! 9 turn help x to gr[ into full /r5g? & beauty4 ,h5ce ! well-develop$ calf1 ! well-ar*$ foot1 & ! graceful /ep w almo/ inv>iably be f\nd to g toge!r4 ,!re may be yet o!r & unkn[n causes ( ?is de=mity2 b en\gh h be5 notic$ to acc\nt = ! great majority ( cases4 ,:ile x is already v common1 ! influ5ces t h produc$ x are /ill produc+ & confirm+ ! wrong %ape4 ,( c\rse ! long] ! fault is e/abli%$ ! m difficult x is to make a *ange2 b !re is believ$ to be a p>tial rem$y1 at lea/1 9 ! case ( "y p]sons4 ,x consi/s 9 simply support+ ! back "p ( ! ar* z nature does 9 h] own way2 t is1 9 support+ ! :ole "u-surface ( ! calcaneum1 or heel-bone1 z is done :5 ! b>e foot is press$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,a long heel--"o ext5d+ "u ! sole f> en\gh = its front edge to support ! front "p ( ! bone--is ! ?+ requir$4 ,:5 ! foot re/s ^u su* a heel1 ! :ole weight ( ! body acts z a =ce to compel ! =w>d "p ( ! bone to pu% itself upw>d into its true place1 because1 be+ a qu>t] ( an in*--m or less--l[] ?an x ought to be1 x _c be p]fectly at ease until x gets back :]e x belongs4 ,! weight ( ! body1 !n1 is j z influ5tial 9 re/or+ ! ar* to its natural =m :5 ! long heel is worn1 z x is 9 break+ x d[n :5 ! %ort heel is ! only support4 ,!re is reason to ?9k t a l>ge numb] ( ! flat feet c\ld be correct$ by ?is simple exp$i5t4 ,! long-/&+ cases might require consid]able "t1 & ev5 prove too obdurate = ?is rem$y2 b ! law :i* compels all p>ts ( ! sy/em to adapt !mselves to circum/ances w\ld t5d con/antly & /rongly to br+ ab\t ! effect desir$4 ,9 ^? cases :]e ! feet h n gr[n into a positive1 settl$ di/ortion1 we d\bt n ! result w\ld be decid$ & v gratify+2 & if ! *ildr5 wore ^! long heels--if1 9 %ort1 ! :ole p 7 educat$ to see ! necessity ( we>+ !m1 :5 any at all are worn1 ! in/ances ( flat-foot w\ld be f> less common4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 ,dr4 ,plum] 7be=e ref]r$ to7 pat5t$ a /yle ( boot1 ( :i* ! long heel is "o *>act]i/ic4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ! be/ ?+ ab\t 8 inv5tion1 & %\ld g f> to make x popul>1 ev5 if x has no o!r recomm5dation4 ,! fa%ion has be5 consid]ably introduc$ 9 "s places1 & has also _h "s effect 9 increas+ ! l5g? ( heels 9 "w n made aft] t /yle1 & ?us may indirectly h sav$ _m f hav+ ! ar* ( _! feet brok5 d[n4 ,= ?is x is des]v+ ( praise1 ?\gh we atta* less importance to its o!r peculi>ities4 ,! old-fa%ion$ way ( mak+ heels leaves !m f "o-f\r? to five-eigh?s ( an in* too %ort4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( su* heels is d[nw>d1 9 a d\ble s5se4 ,! m !y are worn ! f>!r d[nw>d goes ! foot1 n only 9 =m1 b 9 "*--9 beauty1 gracefulness1 & /r5g?4 ,! long heel1 on ! contr>y1 t5ds to raise ! foot upw>d 9 %ape1 & also to re/ore its /r5g? & grace4 ,z a means ( prev5tion1 x %\ld be adopt$ = all *ildr51 to pres]ve ! %ape ( feet t are /ill natural4 ,! ,plum] heel has frequ5tly be5 c>ri$ to an extreme1 & 9 su* a way z to make its %ape appe> clumsy & inelegant4 ,= ?is !re is no real necessity4 ,a heel t w ext5d "u ! foot half an in* f>!r ?an ! g5]ality ( %ort ones1 c be made1 by pit*+ x well "u beh9d1 to appe> only slightly long] ?an common at ! top1 7or bottom17 & be ta/eful 9 e p>ticul>4 ,! =m may be t ( ! mo/ approv$1 & !re is no dem& = great] wid?4 ,if ! c\nt]s or /iff5+s be ( ! "r k9d1 ! heel may be made suffici5tly n>r[ to look well1 & correspond ) ! g5]al appe>ance ( an elegant boot1 )\t dang] ( its tread+ ov]4 ,?is latt] k9d ( tr\ble comes ma9ly f c\nt]s t are too weak1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 a heel t is too small relatively--:i* is n h&some--or t is built incl9+ to "o side1 w be likely to produce ! same result4 ,a high heel has an influ5ce 9 enc\rag+ ?is false condition ( ! ar* by ?r[+ ! foot =w>d1 ?us creat+ ! same effect z a %ort5+ ( ! heel itself4 ,?is is n s great a cause z "s o!rs1 x is true1 b1 z "o ?+ t5d+ to ! same g5]al result1 x %\ld be consid]$ & gu>d$ aga9/4 ,x is claim$ t a necessity exi/s = a heel ( "s k9d 9 ord] to prev5t ! /ubb+ ( ! toes 9 walk+2 & ! fact t p ( ,ea/]n c\ntries turn up ! toes ( _! %oes seems to c\nt5ance ! claim4 ,yet1 x is d\btful4 ,al?\gh ,nature did n put any?+ "u our heels1 x _c be suppos$ t %e int5d$ u to g ab\t con/antly /ubb+ our toes4 ,if !re _h really be5 a ne$ ( rais+ up ! heel1 %e w\ld h rais$ x4 ,x is m likely t by we>+ heels we h got ! foot into a false habit ( po9t+ ! toes d[nw>d m ?an is natural1 & h5ce our incl9ation to /ub !m :5 ! artificial heels are n "u u1 if su* is ! fact4 ,! heels mu/ be decid$ 7describ$7 z unnatural z !y are unnecess>y4 ,/ill1 a mod]ately high "o is n s obnoxi\s z to be wor? disput+ ab\t4 ,if ! height 7 limit$ to an in* = ! heels ( a lady's boot1 & an in* & a qu>t] = ^? ( g5tlem51 z a g5]al rule1 9 bo? cases1 ! disadvantage ( su* heels w\ld be s trifl+ t !y c\ld h>dly be objectionable1 provid$ ! l5g? 0 suffici5t4 ,b a %ort heel1 h[ev] l[ x may be1 is a villa9\s ?+4 ,ano!r great means1 bo? ( prev5t+ ! fall ( ! ar*1 & ( re/or+ x aft]w>d--"o h>dly inf]ior to t ( ! heel--is ! ex]cise & developm5t ( ! muscles ( ! "u side ( ! foot4 ,^! are *iefly conc]n$ 9 ! use ( ! toes4 ,!y act :5ev] we spr+ ^u ! =w>d "p ( ! foot 9 walk+1 leap+1 or danc+4 ,_! ex]cise n only /r5g!ns !m1 b x /r5g!ns all ! o!r p>ts also2 ! ligam5ts & bones1 z well1 be+ made m d5se1 firm1 & endur+1 accord+ to ! law t ! prop] use ( ! muscles ( any "p ( ! body draws blood1 vitality1 & /r5g? into ! surr\nd+ or contigu\s p>ts4 ,z ^! muscles ext5d 9 a g5]al l5g?wise direction1 _! /rong & firm condition t5ds directly to hold ! ends ( ! ar* z ne> toge!r z !y naturally belong1 or 9 o!r words1 prev5t _! sep>ation4 ,& z !y mu/ sep>ate be=e ! ar* c s9k1 x is se5 t "h is a p[]ful influ5ce naturally ex]t+ itself to re/ra9 ! foot f flatt5+2 a view :i* c be su/a9$ by good anatomical & m$ical au?ority4 ,! ladies ( ,spa9 are said to possess ! f9e/ feet ( any race ( wom5 9 ! _w4 ,! fact c h>dly be disput$2 & to acc\nt !re=e x is only necess>y to take into consid]ation ! g5]al preval5ce ( _! national habit ( danc+1 :i*1 by all its movem5ts & ex]cises ( ! foot1 t5ds directly t[>d /r5g!n+ ! toes & rais+ ! ar*4 ,a p]son :o c support ! weight ( ! body on ! tips ( ! great toes1 ei!r naturally or by cultivation1 mu/ possess n only /rong muscles 9 ! toes !mselves1 b a /rong ar*1 & /rong foot ?r\gh\t4 ,we w risk ! reputation ( ?is book on ! ass]tion t a brok5-d[n ar* _c be f\nd 9 ! :ole danc+ pr(ession4 ,"h1 !n1 is indicat$ "o c\rse ( practical ef=t by :i* to avoid or ameliorate ! de=mity4 ,all ^? movem5ts ( gymna/ics :i* g to /r5g!n ! foot may likewise be adopt$ ) advantage4 ,! toes mu/ also be taught to d _! %>e 9 ! process ( walk+2 & :atev] action1 9 %ort1 w cause ! ex]cise ( ! muscles ( ! l[] "p ( ! foot1 %\ld be fav\r$1 & w help to develop & raise ! ar*4 ,b ?is effect _c be produc$ imm$iately4 ,x may require pati5ce1 det]m9ation1 & /eady p]sev]ance4 ,!re is no royal road to recov]y f flat-foot$ness1 any m ?an !re is to k4 ,! cov]+s = flat feet %\ld always be made ^u la/s t are flat 9 ! %ank l !mselves4 ,a boot made on an ar*$ la/ _c possibly fit a foot ^: sole is convex f heel to toe2 h5ce su* feet ne$ la/s made expressly = !m4 ,! upp] lea!r ( ! boot _c1 9 ?is case1 be too s(t & pliable4 ,x %\ld be loose en\gh to all[ ! b5d+ at ! ball & ! movem5ts ( ! toes to be p]=m$ ) ease4 ,all ! muscles mu/ h a *ance to act freely1 & ! blood be p]mitt$ to circulate )\t h9drance4 ,at ! same "t !re is no ne$ ( hav+ big wr9kles1 or any extra loos5ess 9 ! fit ( ! boot1 if only suffici5t c>e is tak5 9 ! mak+4 ,ano!r ?+ to be consid]$ is ! /iff5+ 9 ! %ank ( boots1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ^? ( m54 ,if a %ort heel mu/ be worn a /iff %ank _h bett] g ) x4 ,a metallic %ank1 if /rong1 w !n be useful1 & p]haps g5]ally effective 9 keep+ up ! foot4 ,a %ank-piece ( lea!r is seldom s /iff b t a flat foot w b5d x d[nw>d to adapt x to its own %ape4 ,s x w also depress ! /eel %ank at ! =w>d & middle portions1 b probably n directly 9 front ( ! heel1 :]e ! mo/ support is requir$4 ,! %ank1 too1 unless ne>ly /raight1 w be apt to press aga9/ ! middle ( ! ar*--or :]e ! ar* ought to be--s /rongly z to cause discom=t2 & x is a "q if su* a pressure does n itself t5d to weak5 ! foot /ill m4 ,x is ?us d\btful if ! metallic %ank w be ( any b5efit to a flat foot1 unless pa9s are tak5 to make x con=m to a flat-bottom$ la/ by /raight5+4 ,feet t are tol]ably well-ar*$ c we> x ) no difficulty4 ,b1 fur!r3 ! /iffness 9 ! %ank ( ! boot int]f]es some:at ) ! flexibility ( ! foot1 & !re=e no m ( x ?an is necess>y to pull (f ! boot ought to be all[$4 ,by f> ! be/ way1 & ! only "r way1 is to we> a heel suffici5tly long to give all ! ne$$ support1 & a %ank z flexible z x c be )\t break+ or cl++ to ! foot :5 ! boot is drawn (f4 ,! foot--at lea/ ! heel & ar* portion--is !n left unimp$$ 9 its natural action4 ,if x be said t ! /iffness is int5d$ to keep ! sole 9 its prop] %ape1 x is repli$ t :5 ! boot fits naturally & easily--n loosely--x w keep its correct %ape )\t any help1 :ile if x does n x w tread badly 9 spite ( all ! /iffness4 ,!re is an additional elegance1 & g5]al appe>ance ( elevation giv5 to ! foot by hav+ ! sole ( ! boot made z ?9 & light 9 ! %ank or wai/ z possible4 ,?is c be done 9 m5's boots by driv+ a r[ ( pegs ?r\gh ! %ank-piece1 putt+ ! pegs close toge!r1 to create /iffness1 )\t increas+ ! ?ickness ( ! lea!r4 ,! %oemak] w und]/&4 ,a %ank made 9 ?is mann] w be firm en\gh 9 draw+ (f ! boot1 ! ?ickly-driv5 pegs n leav+ room betwe5 !m = ! lea!r to break2 :ile x is mu* m flexible ?an a ?ick "o4 ,x is ?us bett] adapt$ to ! foot1 at ! same "t t x is q z reliable = its own prop] purpose4 ,"o piece ( lea!r may ?us take ! place ( two or ?ree4 ,:]e a metallic %ank is us$1 !re w ( c\rse be ! appe>ance ( lightness4 ,! model boot or %oe ( ! future1 h[ev]1 w be "o 9 :i* !re %all exi/ no ne$ ( /iffness 9 ord] to draw x (f1 b :]e ?is "p ( ! sole w be s ?9 & flexible z to be easily press$ d[nw>d by ! l>ge ligam5t "u ! ar* :5 ! toes are rais$1 :ile x w cl+ upw>d close to ! holl[ ( ! foot :5 ! ar* is rais$ & ! toes ext5d$4 ,ano!r h9t to ! bootmak] may n be inappropriate4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ desirable to h ! side seams correspond )1 or meet1 ! =w>d corn]s ( ! heel4 ,to effect ?is :5 a long heel is made x is only necess>y to add half an in*1 or m1 to ! wid? ( ! back-patt]n at ! bottom1 be=e cutt+4 ,?is wid? may be add$ at ! bottom1 & less5$ gradually t[>d ! top1 or cont9u$ ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( ! patt]n equally1 z pref]r$4 ,a correspond+ am\nt mu/ ( c\rse be tak5 (f f ! wid? ( ! front patt]n at ! same "t4 ,9 a boot )\t sideseams ! same rule applies 9 cutt+ ! ends ( ! outside c\nt]4 ,! front ( ! heel %\ld n be cut out 9 curv$ =m1 z is sometimes done1 because t is a virtual %ort5+ ( x2 ?\gh !re is no objection to cutt+ out ! upp] lifts ( ! lea!r1 lett+ ! po9t ( ! knife come out be=e t\*+ ! sole1 :i* makes a %ort5$ appe>ance )\t affect+ ! l5g? at all :]e ! sole & heel surfaces unite4 ,a heel r\nd$ out1 l5g?wise1 w\ld be pref]able to "o curv$ 91 ?\gh x might n be ?\ght s elegant unless indors$ by fa%ion4 ,we speak ?us p>ticul>ly ab\t ! con/ruction ( ! heel1 because x is important2 z ! good or ill =m ( ! foot's ar* seems to dep5d ^u x m ?an ^u any?+ else1 except x be ! /r5g!n+ ( ! muscles4 ,!re is a ?ird peculi>ity ( ! ,plum] la/ t is wor?y ( notice1 & :i* consi/s 9 a holl[+ out or concav+ ( ! bottom or sole f ! heel =w>d to ! toe1 b mo/ly ?r\gh ! ball4 ,?is holl[ is design$ to be fill$ up ) lea!r 9 mak+ ! boot1 s z to leave ! bottom ( ! sole flat1 :ile inside x is r\nd$ upw>d4 ,! object ( ?is *ange 9 ! %ape ( ! la/ is to make x con=m to ! %ape ( ! foot1 :i* x does v closely4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 s f> z ?is has any effect ^u ! foot at all x has an injuri\s "o4 ,! =m ( ! sole ( ! foot at ?is place is "o t ought n to be con=m$ to by ! sole ( ! boot4 ,!re is a l[ ar*1 transv]sely ( ! foot1 f ! ball ( ! great toe to t ( ! little "o1 its two opposite re/+ po9ts4 ,9 nature x is some:at l ! great ar* betwe5 ! ball & heel4 ,to raise ! sole "u x is l support+ an ar* 9 ! middle1 :i* w\ld be absurd4 ,9 ?is case x is entirely unnatural1 & only ( use 9 a boot t is v tight1 or mu* too n>r[1 :]e x may d good by prev5t+ ! =mation ( a big wr9kle 9 ! sole ( ! foot1 l5g?wise1 :i* might come f ! draw+ toge!r ( ! opposite sides4 ,! foll[+ quotation /rongly sets =? ! impropriety ( ! new mode4 8,!re has be5 a good deal said ( late ab\t ! transv]se ar* ( ! foot1 & ! necessity ( support+ x to prev5t its break+ d[n1 & ! un=tunate possessor becom+ splay-foot$4 ,did any "o ev] he> ( an ar* requir+ support8 99 99 99 ,:at is call$ ! transv]se ar* is 9 reality a portion ( an elliptic spr+2 & ! mom5t y fill up ! natural holl[ ( ! foot y de/roy its ela/icity4 ,:at c>riage-mak] puts supports "u ! ar*es ( 8 c>riage-spr+s8 ,! human foot is a comb9ation ( bones & /rong muscles t act z spr+s1 & at ea* po9t :]e x comes 9 contact ) ! gr\nd is plac$ a cu%ion to prev5t j>r+4 ,:5 ! weight ( ! body is plac$ ^u ! foot1 x spreads bo? 9 l5g? & bread?1 & x contracts aga9 :5 ! weight is remov$2 & any artificial support "u ! holl[ ( ! foot prev5ts ?is expansion & contraction1 & "o may z well h a wood5 foot1 = all practical purposes1 z "o :i* has a support "u ! transv]se ar*40#d ,z ! foot spreads at e /ep1 ! ar* naturally flatt5s 9 ! middle1 b ?is is prev5t$ :5 ! sole is built up "u x4 ,x is self-evid5t t ! foot is design$ to tread on a flat surface1 z its mo/ natural function4 ,any attempt to make x tread con/antly on a convex "o is manife/ly wrong4 ,yet1 z said be=e1 x may be ( use to prev5t a great] evil :]e p are det]m9$ to we> tight or n>r[ boots 9 spite ( all reason or propriety4 ,x is also true t a slight holl[ w exi/ "u ! ball ( a well-ar*$ foot1 ev5 :5 press$ ^u by ! weight ( ! body4 ,?is may be fill$ up if desir$1 =1 be+ s small1 x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r x is s or n1 :ile !re is p]fect safety 9 lett+ x alone4 ,we see1 !n1 t :ile "o *>act]i/ic ( ! ,plum] boot--! long heel--is a v valuable "o1 ano!r--t ( fill+ "u ! transv]se ar*--is useless1 or positively injuri\s4 ,! fir/1 or good quality1 h[ev]1 ov]balances ! latt]1 & !re=e ! boot is an improvem5t ^u ! old or common /yle4 ,! true & natural-%ap$ boot w\ld h a flat or level surface f heel to toe on ! sole1 n :olly1 b precisely :]e 9 ?is x is holl[$ out4 ,! p>ts on ea* side ( ! level /rip w\ld be slightly convex1 l ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! foot2 n too mu* s1 h[ev]1 = !n ! la/ w\ld be too r\nd+ on ! bottom1 tak+ ! :ole wid? 9 view1 :i* is z bad a fault z ! holl[1 or ev5 worse2 z x int]f]es m ) ! spread+ ( ! transv]se ar*1 &1 by mak+ a concave upp] surface to ! insole ( ! %oe1 compels ! ball to tread into j su* a holl[ z w\ld fit a brok5-d[n1 splay foot4 ,! natural inf]5ce is t su* a %oe w\ld t5d to fav\r ! production ( j su* a foot4 ,x is believ$ t ! brok5-d[n transv]se ar* w almo/ always be f\nd accompani$ by ! brok5-d[n ar* ( ! in/ep4 ,?\gh ! latt] may exi/ )\t ! =m]1 yet we suspect t ! two incl9e to g toge!r--t ! s9k+ ( ! great] ar* t5ds to c>ry d[n ! o!r along ) x1 :ile a natural weakness ( muscle w\ld be a pr$ispos+ condition4 ,if !re are o!r causes !y are n yet kn[n4 ,! la/ supposition be+ correct1 !n ! mo/ direct way to a cure w\ld be to re/ore ! ar* ( ! in/ep to its prop] %ape & position2 :i* w\ld probably h ! same t5d5cy to raise ! o!r1 t its depression _h to break x d[n4 ,! gr& recipe = ?is1 z already giv51 is ! long heel2 :i* c be made ^u any k9d ( cov]+1 :atev] its peculi>ities4 ,! use ( ! muscles ( ! toes mu/ also come 9 z an auxili>y help n to be und]rat$4 ,/ill ano!r rem$ial measure is ! 8right+ up0 ( ! foot4 ,_m1 if n mo/1 ( ! feet t h brok5-d[n ar*es also tread ov] inw>d along ! :ole side4 ,9 su* cases ! weight ( ! body1 z already /at$1 falls ^u ! ar* 9 a wrong direction4 ,! ar*1 in/ead ( /&+ upright & receiv+ ! weight directly ov] itself1 supports ! body :ile itself lean+ ov] to "o side4 ,any o!r k9d ( ar*1 9 a simil> condition1 w\ld quickly fall ov] or settle d[n2 & x is no wond] ! foot settles d[n to a level 9 ! %ank4 ,weak muscles 9 ! ankle & foot ( a *ild w all[ ! foot to take a "o-sid$ t5d5cy1 & x is n impossible ! *ild may inh]it some?+ ( ?is weakness f a weak-foot$ p>5t1 & ?us ! infirmity be p]petuat$4 ,b ) ! fault exi/+1 h[ev] produc$1 ! foot _c get /rong till ! ar* is re/or$ to its natural p]p5dicul>ity4 ,! be/ mann] ( right+ x up w be describ$ 9 a *apt] f>!r on4 ,! uprightness w give ! muscles a bett] *ance to gr[ /rong1 :ile ^! assi/ ! op]ation ( ! long heel2 & possibly x w prove n inf]ior to ei!r ( !m 9 promot+ ! desir$ result4 ,we are sorry t facts f practical ef=t _c be giv5 to %[ a realiz$ success 9 ?is direction4 ,b 9 tru? we d\bt t an e>ne/ & sy/ematic attempt 0 ev] made to raise up a brok5-d[n foot4 ,all t c be said is t ! me?ods recomm5d$ mu/ necess>ily t5d t[>d ! re/oration ( ! ar*4 ,b ?is alone ought to furni% assurance ( success1 & enc\rage an ar*less-foot$ p]son to comb9e ^? me?ods1 & give !m a fai?ful trial4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,?is p>agraph is f ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,watk9s1 a boot & %oe manufactur] ( ,new ,york city1 :o has attempt$ to c>ry into practice ! idea ( ,pr(4 ,mey]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,natural ,"* ( ! ,in/ep--,causes1 & ,prev5tion1 ( ,sores ^u x--,false ,ta/e--,callosities ( ! ,heel--,c\nt]s--,criticism ( ,la/s4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ! in/ep 0 spok5 ( z a "p ( ! :ole ar* ( ! foot4 ,x is n[ to be look$ at f ! upp] side4 ,:5 ! foot is 9 its be/ %ape ?is "p is elevat$ & prom95t1 ) a well-m>k$ & graceful rise f ! ball upw>d1 & a di/9ct projection or convexity at its upw>d portion1 or ab\t half way betwe5 ! jo9t & ! ankle1 :i* is ! upp] surface ( ! fir/ cunei=m bone1 or ! po9t :]e t bone jo9s ! fir/ metat>sal4 ,?is place is subject to callosities or ?ick5+s ( ! sk91 resembl+ corns1 b m frequ5tly is affect$ by sor5ess )\t any ?ick5+ ( ! sk94 ,9 ! brok5-d[n foot !re is no convexity "h at all1 or b v little1 ! in/ep be+ a /raight incl9$ plane f ! ankle to ! ball1 & sometimes ev5 b5d+ d[nw>d4 ,in/eps ( ?is k9d1 :atev] bad effects may come f _! flatness1 are n afflict$ 9 ! way j describ$4 ,corns & callosities are nev] kn[n to fa/5 ^u !m2 an advantage :i* %[s t "s good is mix$ ) evil1 9 ! foot z well z else:]e4 ,x is ! be/ =m$ in/ep1 on ! contr>y1 t is mo/ subject to callosity & t5d]ness4 ,?is t5d]ness or callosity1 :i*ev] x may be1 has "o cause 9 ! g5]al tightness ( ! boot worn1 & may h two o!rs1 aris+ f ! %ape ( ! la/s us$4 ,"o ( ^! is 9 ! fact t ! correspond+ "p ( ! la/--te*nically call$ ! cone ( ! in/ep--does n ext5d f> en\gh =w>d1 or is %av$ (f too mu*--is left too flat1 = ! fitt+ ( well-ar*$ feet4 ,!re is n wood en\gh1 proportionally1 9 ! la/ at ?is po9t4 ,! o!r cause comes f ! :ole in/ep1 be+ plac$ too ne> ! middle1 in/ead ( on ! side1 :]e ! foot has x4 ,mr4 ,watk9s1 :o 0 ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]1 ?us expla9s ?is defect3 8,if ! in/ep is n 9 ! "r place1 ! foot swells 9 t place4 ,i h se5 v tr\blesome sores on ! in/ep1 & v difficult to cure1 aris+ f ! misplac+ ( ! in/ep ( ! la/4 ,by a peculi> measurem5t#e ,i h be5 enabl$ to obviate all difficulty 9 t respect1 s t none ( my cu/om]s n[ compla9 ( t5d] in/eps4 ,! in/eps on ord9>y la/s are plac$ ne> ! middle1 :i* is errone\s1 z ! po9t ( ! in/ep lies on "o side1 & n 9 ! c5tre1 & common s5se w\ld indicate t ! ?ick] p>ts ( ! la/s %\ld be on ! side ( ! l>ge jo9ts & toe1 & ! ?9n] on ! outside ( ! foot1 :]e ! small toes are plac$40 ,x may seem1 at fir/ ?\ght1 z we look at a boot aft] x is made1 t ! lea!r w accommodate itself to ! %ape ( ! foot ) ! greate/ ease4 ,x appe>s p]fectly pliable1 ready to take any =m or place t ! foot may give to x2 & ?is is true to a great ext5t1 b x is n s entirely4 ,:5 ! boot is made ! lea!r is /ret*$1 & work$ into a def9ite %ape--t ( ! la/4 ,:5 a foot l>ge en\gh to fill x is put inside1 if x be ( a diff]5t =m !re w be m or less =ce ex]t$ to *ange ! %ape & adapt x to t ( ! foot4 ,?is is "o reason ( ! difficulty (t5 exp]i5c$ ! fir/ "t1 or fir/ few times1 a new boot is worn4 ,! resi/ance1 pressure1 & friction may be consid]able1 or only slight1 ) a correspond+ effect4 ,?is misplacem5t ( ! in/ep is true ( ! ord9>y "r-&-left la/s1 & x is necess>ily /ill m m>k$ 9 ! /raight la/s on :i* ! great majority ( ladies' boots & %oes are made4 ,if wom5's in/eps d n suff] f ?is difficulty m ?an m5's1 x is because !y we> s(t] mat]ial1 & boots fitt+ less tightly ?an ^? ( m54 ,! latt] h an advantage ( ! =m] 9 ?is respect1 z 9 "s o!rs2 = :ile !y h "r-&-left la/s :olly1 ) ladies ! /raight la/ is ! rule1 ! o!r ! exception4 ,z long z woman does n h h] boots & %oes made "r & left1 %e is los+ "o ( h] 8rights10 & subject+ h] feet to an 8oppression0 :i*1 unless !y c be> a great deal1 !y w be likely to compla9 ( 9 an unpleasant way4 ,& ?is "r is n s unimportant1 b t x w be f\nd be/ to give x a little att5tion1 al?\gh ! remon/rat+ 8subject0 may be 9 a v humble position4 ,! be/ ?+ to be done = feet ) sore in/eps is to h la/s made to fit !m1 & _! cov]+s made by "s "o :o kn[s ! real s\rce ( ! tr\ble4 ,! sore w g5]ally disappe> soon aft] remov+ ! pressure4 ,! prev5tion ( x is a mu* bett] ?+1 & w come ) a m g5]al und]/&+ ( ! foot's nature1 & ) ! m correctly-%ap$ la/s & m p]fect skilfulness :i* t k w give to ! %oe manufactur]4 ,!re is ano!r de=mity ( ! foot1 *iefly ( ! in/ep1 :i* might be call$ ! /ub-foot4 ,x is n ! natural %ort1 ?ick foot ( %ort1 /\t p]sons1 b seem an unnatural *ubb9ess1 made by prev5tion ( ! foot's gr[? l5g?wise4 ,x is an approximation to ! ,*9ese foot--?ick & l>ge r\nd ! ankle & in/ep1 b %ort & small at ! toes4 ,!re is no correct proportion betwe5 "o "p & ano!r4 ,! ar* is high1 b ?ick & clumsy1 )\t its natural regul>ity & beauty4 ,! con/ant cramp+ ( small %oes1 worn :5 ! feet are "y1 is mo/ probably ! cause ( su* developm5t1 by prev5t+ a normal & p]fect gr[?4 ,z ! =w>d p>ts ( ! foot1 be+ small] & weak]1 are m easily cramp$1 ! increase ( size is at ! heel1 & ar\nd & above ! ar*4 ,x is a v ,*9ese idea ( p]fection :i* admires feet ( ?is "*4 ,a correctly educat$ ta/e pref]s to see a foot equally well develop$ 9 all its p>ts1 & ( a size proportionate to ! size ( ! :ole body4 ,?is is ! idea ( ! arti/1 z oppos$ to t ( ! ,*9aman1 & has a reason = x1 :ile ! o!r has none4 ,if a *ance is giv5 ! toes to develop !mselves be=e ! body gets its full gr[?1 ! fault may p]haps be p>tially outgr[n2 b aft] t1 ! foot w be almo/ sure to keep ! same %ape always4 ,! ?+ to be rem$i$1 is ! /range ta/e :i* looks ^u feet t are abnormally small ) any m admiration ?an w\ld be giv5 to a small head1 or %ort legs1 or /umpy f+]s4 ,:5 p :o are o!rwise intellig5t come to see t ! foot has ! same "r to a full & natural gr[? t belongs to any o!r "p ( ! body1 !y w n cramp x ) tight boots1 or consid] a foot ( ?is k9d z any m beautiful ?an a pug nose1 a dw>f$ limb1 or any o!r lack ( developm5t :atev]4 ,! defect w !n become ! result ( *ance or mis=tune only1 in/ead ( int5tion1 gov]n$ by a false /&>d ( beauty4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 int5d$ to d5y t !re are _m feet :i* are proportionally too l>ge1 made s by "s occupation or habit dem&+ an extreme developm5t ( bone1 muscle1 & /r5g?4 ,nature committ$ no mi/ake 9 _! production4 ,%e made !m no l>g] ?an 0 necess>y to adapt !m to ! habits ( _! possessor1 or ( ! p>5ts f :om !y 7 inh]it$4 ,to attempt to improve !m by cramp+1 is only to make !m worse by di/ortion4 ,!y w probably decrease _! size some:at 9 "t1 if circum/ances fav\r !m 9 s do+2 b if n1 !y are /ill no worse ?an big h&s1 big noses1 big bodies1 or _m ( ^? o!r unbalanc$ developm5ts f :i* none ( u c claim to be entirely free4 ,callosities ^u ! heel1 sometimes s bad z to be call$ corns1 are (t5 tr\blesome1 & mo/ly s to ^? p]sons ^: feet are bony & sp>e ( fle%4 ,9 ^!1 if !y are n brok5 d[n1 ! heel bone1 at its upp] "p1 projects backw>d di/9ctly4 ,if ! boot worn slips at ! heel1 !re is no fle% ov] ! bone to ease ! pressure & friction ( ! lea!r1 & ! sk9 mu/ ?ick5 = its own protection4 ,aft] a :ile x becomes s ?ick1 call\s1 & h>d1 t e pressure ^u x hurts ! bone1 z mu* z be=e x 0 =m$4 ,x has become simil> to a h>d corn1 & mu/ be remov$4 ,?is c (t5 be done )\t any s(t5+1 by c>efully cutt+1 scrap+1 or lift+ up gradually ) ! knife4 ,x w probably gr[ aga91 & ne$ relift+ occasionally z long z ! irritation cont9ues4 ,x is due to flat feet to say t !y usually escape ^! annoyances1 z well z sores ( ! in/ep4 ,slipp+ ( ! boot at ! heel1 is almo/ always ! fault ( ! boot-mak]4 ,x may come f bad cutt+1 f bad fitt+ ( ! upp]1 f bad la/+1 & f badly %ap$ la/s ^u :i* ! boots are made4 ,:5 ! cutt+ is wrong--:i* affects m5's boots ma9ly--x is ! leg ?r\gh ! ankle t is too l>ge1 or !re is "s defect t w n all[ ! upp] to la/ prop]ly4 ,sometimes x is fitt$ badly1 s z to produce ! same result4 ,m (t5 ?an ei!r ( ^! x is ! workman1 :o neglects to draw x ov] ! la/ 9 ! "r way2 sometimes f want ( k1 & sometimes f c>elessness or indiff]5ce4 ,! error consi/s 9 n draw+ x ov] ! toe suffici5tly tight to make x fit closely at ! heel4 ,a bad fit ^u ! foot is ano!r cause1 9 addition to ^? m5tion$2 & x is also true t ! heels ( well-ar*$ feet are m liable to slip ?an ^? ^: ar*es are m or less flatt5$ d[n4 ,/ill ano!r & v decid$ influ5ce 9 produc+ callosities on ! heel1 is a c\nt] t is h>d & /iff at its upp] portion4 ,c\nt]s ( ?is k9d are v common1 & ought to be z commonly avoid$4 ,! /iffness ( a c\nt] %\ld be at ! bottom ( x1 :]e !re c h>dly be too mu*1 :ile ! upp] half1 or m1 %\ld tap] to a ?9 edge1 t is s(t & flexible4 ,!n1 :ile firm at ! prop] place1 x b5ds & fits snugly to ! heel1 prev5t+ its slipp+2 :51 if x /&s up /raight & /iff ?r\gh\t1 ! foot w slip almo/ inv>iably4 ,la/s1 p>ticul>ly boot la/s1 are at fault 9 ?is respect g5]ally4 ,^? ^u :i* %oes & slipp]s are made are s %ap$ z to =ce ! %oe to set tightly at ! heel & ankle4 ,! pr9ciple ^u :i* !y are =m$ is well kn[n1 & is a correct "o4 ,x is difficult to see :y x %\ld n be c>ri$ fur!r 9 its application1 & gov]n ! mak+ ( la/s = boots & gait]s z well z ( ^? int5d$ = l[ %oes4 ,! necessity is ! same 9 bo? ^! /yles2 !re is only a diff]5ce 9 degree1 :i* is great] 9 ! l[ %oe & slipp] ?an 9 ! high gait] & boot4 ,! tightness at ! ankle :i* prev5ts slipp+1 is suppli$1 m or less p]fectly1 9 side spr+ gait]s1 & ^? t are lac$4 ,lac+ compels ! boot to fit closely1 :e!r x does s easily or n4 ,9 m5's boots1 :]e !re is no lac+ ?is effect is produc$ only by hav+ !m s small ab\t ! heel & ankle t ! foot c h>dly move at all aft] x is cr[d$ inside4 ,?is may1 or may n1 be too tight = com=t1 b x is d\btful if !re is ne$ ( its be+ s = ! sake ( hav+ a well-fitt+ boot4 ,! fit c be produc$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! slipp] or %oe1 & ! dem& = do+ x is ! same1 only n to ! same ext5t4 ,! slipp] has no?+ to keep x on ! foot1 unless /r+s are resort$ to1 except ! tightness l5g?wise caus$ by ! peculi>ity ( ! la/4 ,a boot1 by cov]+ ! in/ep is held m securely1 yet x (t5 slips at ! heel1 & is all ! m likely to d s :5 ! foot is well ar*$4 ,x seems to u t ! way to rem$y ?is tr\ble 9 boots is precisely ! same z ! means tak5 to prev5t x 9 %oes3 t is1 to make m spr+ 9 ! la/ =w>d ( ! in/ep2 9 o!r words1 a great] curve on ! bottom4 ,! am\nt ( ?is spr+ or curve ne$ n be s great z 9 ! %oe la/1 = ! reason j /at$1 t ! boot is conf9$ at ! in/ep1 :ile ! %oe is n1 to ! same ext5t4 ,a good %oemak] w\ld n l to make an ,ox=d %oe ^u a boot la/1 al?\gh x is lac$ well up t[>d ! ankle4 ,:y %\ld he be will+ to make a boot on x1 :5 ! boot is conf9$ at ! in/ep no m ?an ! %oe8 ,!re is ! same dang] ( slipp+ 9 bo? cases1 & :y %\ld x n be gu>d$ aga9/ 9 ! same way8 ,e "o :o has made or sold %oes kn[s t a slipp]1 or l[ %oe ( any k9d1 w fit on ! foot mu* bett] if made on a %oe la/2 t x is less liable to be loose at ! sides1 & to %[ big wr9kles across ! ball2 t1 9 %ort1 x mu/ be made on su* a la/4 ,! same reason+ & ! same rule applies almo/ z well to ! boot or gait]4 ,if !re is any exception1 x is ! side-spr+ boot1 ) its ela/ic sides to draw ! surface smoo?1 & ev5 ?is is n an exception :5 ! mat]ial is lea!r1 ?\gh x may be :5 clo? ( any k9d is us$4 ,9 fact1 !re is no k9d ( foot clo?+ manufactur$ b w\ld h a bett] fit ^u ! foot1 bo? 9 front & at ! heel1 sides1 & ankle1 if a la/ m closely resembl+ ! common %oe or slipp] la/ 0 us$ 9 ! mak+4 ,!re may n be1 & we are confid5t !re is n1 a necessity = hav+ x s flat 9 ! %ank z ! common slipp] la/1 nor s wide ?r\gh ! same region1 b ! upw>d curve ( ! =w>d "p %\ld be ne>ly or q z great4 ,! curve ( ! %ank might be v ne>ly ! same z t ( ! holl[ ( ! foot1 :ile at ! toes x may curve1 we w say1 "o-half z mu* z ! :ole b5d ( ! toes 9 walk+4 ,?is =m makes x a %oe la/ at ! =e "p1 :ile ! %ank is b little diff]5t f ! ord9>y boot la/4 ,! "p betwe5 ! heel & in/ep ne$ n be s wide at ! bottom1 nor1 p]haps1 s n>r[ at ! top1 z ! be/ %ap$ la/s = %oes4 ,x is believ$ possible1 h[ev]1 to make ! %ank suffici5tly wide1 at a slight di/ance above ! bottom1 to accommodate ! foot easily1 :ile x may be sudd5ly n>r[$ bel[ suffici5tly to all[ a n>r[-%ank$ sole to be made ^u x1 if desir$1 )\t difficulty4 ,if s1 ?is w\ld be ! bl5d+ ( ta/e ) com=t 9 ! fit4 ,! outside edge w\ld be a little l[] ?an ! o!r1 z x is 9 ! foot4 ,p]haps ! :ole may be well describ$ z half-way betwe5 ! extremes ( ! two diff]5t /yles4 ,!re w\ld be no diff]5ce betwe5 ^? design$ = m5 & ^? = wom51 except 9 wid? & bulk--none 9 ! g5]al =m4 ,x may be fe>$ t a tongu$ boot--pat5t lea!r or ,napoleon--may be m difficult to draw on ! foot if made ^u a la/ ( ?is /yle4 ,we believe t x c make b v little diff]5ce1 probably n any aft] ! boot is b5t 9 ! %ank1 :ile x w d mu* to prev5t slipp+ at ! heel :5 cut ) a l>ge ankle1 z is usually ! case4 ,! pit* ( ! leg w be v ne>ly ! same :5 on ! la/ z :5 ! boot is worn4 ,x may be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t an improvem5t has lately be5 made 9 _m la/s by giv+ !m a great] degree ( ?is curve on ! bottom4 ,b x is easy to c>ry x to an extreme4 ,! sole c be curv$ too mu* z well z left too /raight4 ,m5's la/s ( m$ium size h be5 made ) ! toes rais$ an in* & a half above ! level ( ! ball & heel2 :i* is half an in* m ?an is necess>y1 or useful4 ,too mu* spr+1 9 a ?ick-sol$1 /iff boot1 prev5ts ! /raight5+ ( ! toes1 :ile 9 a ?9 "o1 :]e ! toes c be /raight5$1 x may create longitud9al wr9kles 9 ! upp]1 ne> ! sole at ! inside jo9t4 ,an av]age spr+ ( an in* 9 m5's la/s1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 ^? = wom51 is n f> f ! prop] /&>d4 ,=ms ( la/s h always be5 subject to *ange4 ,fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ago boot la/s 7 made v holl[ 9 ! %ank1 & v mu* curv$ upw>d at ! toe4 ,aft] t came ! /ub-toes--flat 9 %ank1 & ) sc>cely any curve at all2 &1 9 addition to all ! *anges fa%ion has impos$1 besides ! two indicat$1 e manufactur] seems to h a /yle ( 8 own1 m or less di/9ct4 ,! pr9ciples :i* %\ld gov]n _! =m seem to be v loosely und]/ood1 & h5ce all ! diff]+ %apes & /yles4 ,all ?is is exactly ! opposite ( :at x %\ld be4 ,we h no m "r to *ange ! %ape ( la/s e few ye>s ?an we h to *ange t ( ! foot1 & to d ?is1 = x am\nts to no?+ less1 :5 ,nature has =m$ x exactly 9 ! be/ way to adapt x to its design & use1 is simple absurdity4 ,to *ange ei!r is j z fooli% z x w\ld be to make hats t w\ld flatt5 ! head on ! back or sides1 & compel x to gr[ 9 an upw>d direction4 ,! :ole matt] ( ! %ape ( la/s is some?+ :i* fa%ion has no "r to m$dle )1 unless1 x may be1 to r\nd or squ>e ! toes4 ,x has no "r to n>r[ !m beyond a c]ta9 limit1 nor ev5 at all except f ! outside4 ,! bus9ess ( ! la/-mak] is to le>n :at is ! true %ape ( ! natural1 heal?y foot1 & !n to imitate x z closely z possible1 mak+ only ! slight diff]5ces = diff]5t k9ds ( cov]+s t h be5 po9t$ out4 ,& :5 s =m$1 let x be consid]$ z a ?+ n to be alt]$1 except to make x resemble ! foot /ill m p]fectly4 ,fa%ion & ta/e may *ange & dictate ! cut & /yle ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! boot or %oe to almo/ any ext5t1 b !y mu/ n be all[$ to %ort5 ! l5g? ( ! heel1 nor to int]f]e 9 any mann] ) ! %ape ( ! la/4 ,we h be5 some:at p>ticul> 9 description1 = ! sake ( influ5c+ ! mak]s ( la/s & boots1 z well z = ! com=t ( ^? :o are to we> ! latt]4 ,:5 ^! pr9ciples gov]n 9 its manufacture1 ! boot w fit almo/ z easily at ! fir/ putt+ on z x w aft] a week's we>+4 ,! tr\ble ( 8break+ 90 w be ne>ly aboli%$4 ,x may also be promis$ t slipp+ at ! heel w be ( r>e occurr5ce1 & ! callosities produc$ by x be got rid ( ) little difficulty4 ,:5 once remov$ !y w n be likely to come aga91 ) a boot t causes no irritation4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,a measurem5t = su* cases may be tak5 by draw+ ! /rap-measure f ! po9t ( ! in/ep ar\nd ! heel1 to give ! size1 :ile ! di/ance betwe5 ! same two po9ts1 9 a /raight l9e1 %\ld be tak5 by ! size-/ick1 9 ! same way we take ! l5g? ( ! foot1 to %[ h[ f> =w>d ! po9t ( ! in/ep ought to be locat$ on ! la/4 ,! measure ar\nd ! foot at ! latt] place mu/ also be tak54 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,incl9ations ( ! ,feet--,h[ to ,make !m ,tread ,squ>ely--,peculi> ,la/s--,weak ,ankles--,cultivation ( ,muscle--,turn+ 9 ( ! ,toes4 ,!re rema9s /ill "o o!r defect to be notic$--t ( tread+ ^u ! side ( ! foot4 ,?is is a v common fault1 & seems to be a habit (t5 acquir$ q e>ly4 ,! feet appe> to leave ! old1 upright way ( gett+ ?r\gh ! _w1 & take a sidewise deviation4 ,hav+ comm5c$ los+ _! uprightness :5 "y1 !y1 unless spe$ily help$1 seldom recov] x entirely aft]w>d4 ,! individual :o possesses su* un=tunate incl9ations nev] has ! satisfaction ( kn[+ :at x is to /& up 9 p]fect rectitude4 ,:e!r ! physical lean+ ( ! feet has any t5d5cy to create a moral "o-sid$ness may be consid]$ an op5 "q4 ,x is h>dly safe to say t x does n1 :5 we "k t ! :ole c>riage1 attitude1 & dress ( ! individual has an effect ^u ! condition ( ! m9d4 ,b leav+ t to be settl$ z x may1 we mu/ see :at c be done to /raight5 ! feet up to _! natural position4 ,feet t tread ^u ! inside are1 _m ( !m1 flatt5$ some:at at ! same "t4 ,?is latt] fault may come f any ( ! influ5ces previ\sly po9t$ out1 or f a natural weakness ( ! muscles & ligam5ts ( ! ankle1 :i* condition frequ5tly exi/s 9 *ildr54 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! ar* ( ! foot be+ turn$1 ! weight ( ! body is improp]ly direct$ ^u x--t is1 ! ar* be>s ?is weight slightly ^u "o side in/ead ( directly ov] itself4 ,?is t5ds to break x d[n & make ! foot flat4 ,! flatness1 if already exi/+1 may t5d to ?r[ ! foot /ill m t[>d ! side4 ,ei!r way1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to c\nt]act ! flatness by a suffici5tly long heel "u ! %oe1 to support ! ar*4 ,! %oe %\ld also be made ^u a flat-bottom$ la/1 & "o t w compel x to draw tight along ! sides & ankle4 ,ano!r requisite is t ! c\nt] %all be v /iff on ! inside1 :ile on ! opposite side x %\ld be weak4 ,x %\ld also be high z well z firm1 sometimes v high1 z :5 ! ankle requires v mu* support4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x rea*es s high z to t\* ! prom95ces ( ! jo9t1 x mu/ be c>efully ?9n$ on ! edge to prev5t *af+ ! bone4 ,if ! weakness is b slight1 ! pr9cipal "p ( ! /iffness may be ne> ! bottom1 :]e a good deal ( x w d no h>m4 ,all p]sons hav+ feet ?us turn$ %\ld patronize ! la/ mak] be=e expect+ to accompli% mu* t[>d correct+ !m4 ,an ord9>y la/ is1 9 ^! cases1 good = no?+4 ,x ne$s to be /raight1 or ne>ly s1 on its outside edge1 f heel to ball1 & t "p betwe5 ! heel & in/ep--! back half ( x--%\ld be v full on ! outside1 :ile x %\ld be mu* holl[$ out on ! inside4 ,9 o!r words )\t alt]+ ! g5]al =m ( ! front "p1 ! bulk ( ! wood 9 ! back & middle p>ts %\ld incl9e t[>d1 & be on1 ! outside4 ,! bottom ( ! la/1 p>ticul>ly at ! heel1 may !n be ?9n$ (f at ! outside edge ( ! sole1 leav+ x deepe/1 or ?icke/1 relatively1 at its inside4 ,x !n has ! appe>ance ( be+ incl9$ ov] outw>dly4 ,! %oe or boot made ^u x w\ld really be incl9$ outw>dly1 & possess a t5d5cy to pu% ! foot :i* wore x ov] 9 ! same direction4 ,?is is its precise int5tion4 ,! mak] mu/ n =get to see t ! upp] is la/$ ov] equally on bo? sides1 or m on ! outside1 if ei!r4 ,!n x is j su* a %oe z w\ld fit easily & com=tably a foot t treads outside2 & = t v reason x is exactly su* a "o z ought to be worn by a foot t treads inw>dly4 ,all ! =ce ex]t$ by ! /iffness ( ! c\nt]1 & ! incl9ation ( ! :ole %oe1 goes t[>d right+ up ! foot & pu%+ x ov] outw>dly4 ,/ill !re is no?+ t c hurt ! foot--only a /eady & g5tle pressure 9 ! "r direction1 :i* does n int]f]e ) ! use ( ! muscles4 ,9 extreme cases a fur!r precaution may be tak5 by build+ ! heels m ^u ! inside ?an ! o!r1 & rais+ !m a little ! highe/ on t side1 =tify+ !m /ill m by "s l>ge nails1 :ile ! outside is n gu>d$ at all4 ,! inside edge ( ! sole1 if suffici5tly ?ick1 may be treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,we h said ! la/ %\ld be flat4 ,x ought to be q z mu* s z ! foot2 & ! long heel mu/ n be =gott54 ,( c\rse if !re is no flatness ( ! %ank1 z is sometimes ! case1 !re ne$ be none 9 ! la/4 ,?is plan ( treatm5t w n only "r up ! foot1 b we believe x w be a great help t[>d rais+ ! flatt5$ ar*4 ,at lea/1 x ought n to be neglect$ 9 any case ( flat-foot associat$ ) tread+ inw>d2 = z long z ! foot treads on ! inside1 !re is "o cause--weight wrongly direct$ on ! ar*--con/antly op]at+ to break x d[n4 ,& ?is might defeat all ! ef=ts = its re/oration4 ,^? feet t tread outside ne$ exactly ! same treatm5t recomm5d$ = ! o!rs1 only1 9 ! %oes made = !m1 x mu/ be direct$ 9 a way exactly opposite4 ,! /iffness ( ! c\nt] mu/ be on ! outside1 z also ! gu>d+ ( ! heel4 ,! la/ mu/ be /raight & v full ^u ! inside4 ,! ma9 bulk ( ! wood betwe5 ! heel & in/ep %\ld be on t side1 project+ well ov] ! bottom at ! ball1 :ile x is sp>e1 ?9n$1 or holl[$ on ! o!r4 ,! bottom %\ld be ?9n$ (f at ! inn] edge1 s t :5 plac$ ^u a level surface x seems to lean t way4 ,9 a ^w1 x w look z ?\gh x w\ld fit beautifully a foot t treads inw>d4 ,!n x is j adapt$ = "o t goes outw>d4 ,! :ole %ape & fit ( a boot made ^u su* a la/ ex]ts an easy pressure1 t5d+ to "r up ! foot & =ce x to tread on ! opposite side4 ,! pr9ciple has n h]et(ore be5 g5]ally recogniz$4 ,let x n be =gott5 t ! la/ t w\ld appe> to fit a foot t treads outw>d is j ! "o to be us$ = a foot t goes inw>d1 & vice v]sa4 ,:5 ?is is act$ ^u1 ! pr9cipal /ep is tak5 9 ov]com+ ! difficulty4 ,b z _m p]sons hav+ su* feet pres]ve ! natural =m ( !m by tread+ ! boots outside1 x is ab\t z well to let !m g s1 z attempt to "r !m up1 ev5 if a little m lea!r is ?us worn out4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 ! t5d5cy is to tread inside1 ! rem$y c n be appli$ too soon if x is wi%$ to avoid ! big jo9ts t result f su* a habit4 ,)\t ! la/s "h m5tion$1 h[ev]1 a little tempor>y improvem5t c /ill be effect$ 9 ^? feet t tread ov] b slightly1 by :at %oemak]s call 8work+ "u0 ! sole ( ! %oe on ! side opposite t :i* treads ov]1 & by also putt+ a piece ( lea!r on ! la/ above ! sole or bottom1 to make room 9 ! upp] at t side )\t increas+ ! wid? ( ! sole4 ,! sole may be 8work$ full0 on ! tread+-ov] side at ! same "t4 ,feet t tread outside g5]ally1 if n always1 h good ar*es4 ,! directions "h giv51 if put 9 practice by a %oemak] :o c appreciate & apply !m ?or\ghly1 w1 x is believ$1 /raight5 up & cure any case ( tread+-ov] feet t c be help$ at all4 ,& ?is probably includes ! majority ( in/ances4 ,! adoption ( su* la/s has nev] be5 fairly tri$1 z f> z we "k1 & we are q confid5t !y w prove successful4 ,! turn+ ov] ( ! foot is believ$ to be sometimes occasion$ 9 *ildr5 by _! be+ oblig$ or enc\rag$ to /& or walk ^u !m = too long a "t1 :5 mak+ _! fir/ attempts1 9 infancy4 ,! bones1 ligam5ts1 & muscles be+ all s(t1 t5d]1 & weak at ?is p]iod1 !y may be =c$ into almo/ any %ape by pressure or ov]/ra9+4 ,?is is some?+ wor?y ( c>eful att5tion f p>5ts4 ,x is v easy to let a *ild contract a habit ( walk+ :i* w r5d] ! feet & legs de=m$ ?r\gh a :ole lifetime4 ,x is also v easy to prev5t x1 & give ! *ild a natural1 upright1 easy1 & graceful walk by tak+ a little pa9s at ! prop] p]iod4 ,& x %\ld also be rememb]$ t crook$ feet & ankles are m easily /raight5$ :ile !y are "y ?an :5 ! foot has obta9$ its gr[?1 & e "p become firmly settl$ 9 its false position4 ,! legs & feet may turn inw>d1 develop+ knockknees & flat-foot1 or outw>d1 gr[+ into b[-legs1 ) ! feet inv>iably tread+ ov] ! opposite way4 ,if a *ild gr[s up ) ei!r ( ^! di/ortions1 aft] be+ born ) s\nd limbs1 :i* might h be5 cont9u$ 9 _! natural p]fection1 !re is1 on ! "p ( somebody1 a sad lack ( duty4 ,x is q possible1 also1 t ?is habit may be adopt$ by *ildr5 sometimes f we>+ a %oe t hurts ! foot4 ,! suff]] may turn x on "o side to avoid a peg1 or "s r\gh projection on ! insole1 & 9 ?is way ! fault may be develop$ 9 "s ( ^? cases :]e "o foot treads ov]1 :ile ! o!r /&s upright4 ,& *ildr5 w (t5 get into an awkw>d mann] ( /&+ or walk+1 ev5 )\t any reason = x--f %e] c>elessness--& require a great deal ( wat*+1 9 ord] to tra9 up _! feet correctly4#f ,x is to be borne 9 m9d t 9 all cases ( weak ankles1 except ^? incurably s1 ! object %\ld be to support !m no m ?an is necess>y2 b in/ead1 to all[ ! muscles to be us$ z mu* z possible = ! sake ( /r5g!n+ !m4 ,:5 ! :ole support comes f braces--9 ! %oe or outside ( x--!re is no?+ left to be done by ! muscles on ! side ( ! foot & leg1 & consequ5tly !y rema9 weak4 ,! law ( gr[? & /r5g? is use1 ex]cise1 or lab\r4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh gu>ds & braces are sometimes requir$ = weak-ankl$ *ildr51 !re ought to be pl5ty ( room betwe5 !m & ! foot2 & x w be well to disc>d !m z soon z a lea!r /iff5+ 9 ! %oe c be safely sub/itut$4 ,!re are _m movem5ts ( ! ,light ,gymna/ics t = weak ankles w\ld be highly b5eficial4 ,x w\ld be well1 :]e !re is an opportunity1 to adopt all ^? movem5ts 9 :i* ! muscles ( ! feet are call$ into play su* z *>g+1 lean+1 brac+1 spr++ on ! toes1 &1 9 %ort1 almo/ ! :ole r\t9e ( ex]cises2 & to practice !m1 cauti\sly at fir/1 b ?or\ghly1 until ! muscles & ligam5ts become /rong en\gh to d _! duty 9 brac+ up ! foot )\t any assi/ance4 ,!re are _m feet 9 :i* ! toes turn inw>d 9 walk+--a habit :i* may be easily correct$ by a little c>e & p]sev]ance1 & ! subject ( x enabl$ to g on 8 way rejoic+ 9 ! k t he has ga9$ a respectable walk 9 place ( "o t 0 ridicul\sly awkw>d4 ,all t is requir$ to *ange ! habit is to develope ! /r5g? ( ! muscles by call+ !m into ex]cise4 ,an e-day practice ( turn+ ! feet outw>d z f> z possible1 = a few m9utes at a "t1 w d a great deal4 ,if1 9 addition to ?is1 ! /ep is con/antly wat*$1 ! toes be+ kept turn$ out until ! muscles are tir$1 & !n1 aft] re/+ by a return to ! old /ep1 ! toes are aga9 =c$ outw>d1 & ?is is repeat$ cont9u\sly = a few weeks1 ! awkw>dness w be entirely gone4 ,! practice ( light gymna/ics is a good corrective = ?is fault2 & ! danc+-s*ool is ano!r equally excell5t4 ,x is to be hop$ t bo? ( !m w h _! due influ5ce 9 ?is respect1 till an ungraceful walk is f> less common ?an x is n[4 ,) su* easy means ( correct+ & avoid+ ^! faults1 any "o :o w n make a little ef=t = t purpose1 des]ves1 to say ! lea/1 a good %>e ( ridicule4#g ,!re is a less numb] ( feet t are turn$ too mu* outw>d1 & ^! c be br\ght into _! "r place by ! same means direct$ 9 ! opposite way4 ,! only tr\ble ) !m usually is a habit1 or a weakness ( p>ticul> muscles4 ,if ! toes are turn$ 91 & p]sev]+ly kept s = a %ort "t1 a great diff]5ce w be discov]$4 ,a fur!r cont9uance 9 well-do+ w br+ its rew>d 9 an easy1 natural1 & graceful /ep4 ,^? feet t are :olly turn$1 or de=m$ by be+ drawn up at ! heel or toe1 & ^? impair$ by disease ( ! /ructure1 are cases belong+ to ! surgeon & physician4 ,_m ( !m might probably h be5 prev5t$ by call+ 9 ! surgeon's aid dur+ ! *ildhood ( ! un=tunate possessor4 ,let u hope t few :o c be sav$ f su* disfigurem5t w be all[$ to suff] f x ?r\gh ignorance or culpable neglig5ce 9 ! future4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,ano!r reason = c>e 9 gu>d+ aga9/ weak ankles is ?us giv5 9 a "w ^u ! 8,!ory & ,practice ( ! ,movem5t-,cure10 by ,dr4 ,*>les ,f4 ,taylor4 8,weak ankles1 (t5 ! result ( ! ungraceful1 &1 9 o!r respects1 p]nici\s fa%ion ( we>+ high1 n>r[-heel$ %oes1 /ra9+ !m by _! roll+ ab\t1 etc41 may be ! excit+ cause ( lat]al curvature ( ! sp9e4 ,! weak] ankle is g5]ally ! left1 & ! individual soon =ms ! habit ( /&+ on ! "r foot4 ,! l[] portion ( ! sp9e is ?r[n to ! left1 & ! dorsal portion necess>ily ?r[n to ! "r40 ,9 ano!r place he repeats3 8,we f9d t almo/ )\t exception1 9 curvature to ! "r1 ! left ankle is mu* weak] ?an ! o!r4 ,movem5ts ( ! foot mu/ be employ$1 su* z inw>d & outw>d flexion1 twi/+ ! :ole leg f ! hip1 & _m o!rs1 calculat$ to /r5g!n ! left leg1 hip1 & ankle40 #g ,z a matt] n :olly out ( place1 x may be said t ! graceful walk] /&s upright1 & 9 tak+ a /ep uses ! muscles & jo9ts ( ! hip1 ! knee1 & ! toes4 ,_m p use ! toes b v little1 & _! /ep lacks spr+1 ela/icity1 life1 & grace2 :ile o!rs d n use ! muscles 9 front ( ! hip en\gh1 & _! walk has no dignity4 ,in/ead ( sw++ ! :ole leg1 !y seem z ?\gh kick+ _! feet along ahead ( !m1 sw++ only t half ( x bel[ ! knee4 ,/iff cov]+s on ! feet1 or v high heels "u !m1 effectually prev5t all gracefulness 9 walk+4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,corns1 ,bunions1 & ,callosities--,h[ !y ,orig9ate--,nature ( ! ,sk9--,v>i\s ,causes ( ,corns--,h[ to ,remove ,!m--,quotations f ! ,m$ical ,books--,nature & ,treatm5t ( ,bunions4 ,we come n[ to ano!r class ( difficulties to :i* ! foot is subject1 ?\gh !y affect ! outside ma9ly1 n its /ructure1 & :i* appropriately call = a notice "h1 & = "s h9ts conc]n+ _! nature & treatm5t4 ,almo/ e "o1 at "s p]iod 9 a lifetime1 =ms _! unpleasant acqua9tance2 & to "k h[ to avoid !m entirely1 or to de/roy & remove !m at pleasure1 may be consid]$ in=mation wor? possess+4 ,al?\gh we lack ! famili> practical k ( ! man :o makes corns 8 pr(ession1 ! read] %all h ! b5efit ( z mu* z we are able to supply4 ,a common corn is caus$ by friction or irritation ( ! sk9--! *af+ & pressure ( ! foot aga9/ ! lea!r ( ! boot1 or ! cr[d+ ( ! toes aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,! sk9 ?ick5s & h>d5s to protect itself 9 ! same way t x does ^u ! h&s or o!r p>ts ( ! body expos$ to r\gh contact1 ! fact & law ( :i* are famili> to ev]ybody4 ,z ! irritation is cont9u$ ! sk9 cont9ues gr[+ h>d] & ?ick]1 until a l>ge & ugly corn is produc$4 ,to und]/& its nature m fully1 & :y x assumes a %>p po9t1 ?us turn+ its protection into a torture1 x w be necess>y to expla9 some?+ m ( ! nature ( ! sk9 itself4 ,!re are two lay]s ( membrane compos+ ! sk9--! cutis v]a1 d]mis1 or true sk91 :i* is ! inn] portion2 & ! cuticle1 epid]mis1 or sc>f-sk91 :i* is ! outside lay]4 ,! d]mis1 or true sk91 consi/s ma9ly ( a net-"w or web ( fibr\s mat]ial1 hav+ outside ( ?is a net-"w ( capill>y blood-vessels & lymphatics1 int]wov5 ) /ill ano!r net-"w1 ( n]ves1 bo? blood-vessels & n]ves t]m9at+ 9 project+ or upright loops1 ea* loop =m$ ( a blood-vessel & a n]ve-cord1 ! two be+ toge!r side by side4 ,^! loops1 :i* are ! mo/ extremely s5sitive portion ( ! sk91 are call$ papill1 & !y =m ! project+ f9e ridges t are se5 on ! palm ( ! h&1 :]e _! abundance gives ! h& its sup]ior s5se ( feel+ or t\*4 ,all ^! p>ts--! fibr\s me%es1 ! blood-vessels1 n]ves1 & loops ( papill--are microscopically m9ute4 ,! outside sk9 or cuticle has no blood-vessels or n]ves1 & h5ce no life or s5sation1 b seems to be a cov]+ to protect ! true sk91 & to modify or dim9i% its o!rwise too extreme s5sitiv5ess2 besides be+ ( use 9 o!r ways to ! g5]al sy/em4 ,x is t "p :i* is rais$ up :5 a bli/] is produc$2 & ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! papill "u x1 :]e x is tak5 (f1 %[s its necessity4 ,! matt] ( :i* x is =m$ is secret$ or p\r$ out by ! true sk91 & is ! same matt] :i*1 :5 dri$ & h>d5$ 9 v>i\s degrees1 becomes ! ?ick sk9 on ! sole ( ! foot1 ! call\s place on ! h& or else:]e1 ! d&ruff ( ! head1 ! hair on any "p ( ! body1 ! nails ( f+]s & toes1 ! h>d portion ( w>ts1 & ! h>d or s(t corn4 ,all ^! are ess5tially ! same ?+ "u diff]5t modifications4 ,x is con/antly worn (f f ! ext]nal surface1 & z con/antly add$ to at ! "u side4 ,?is int]nal or "u-side lay] ( ! cuticle is commonly di/+ui%$ z ! rete mucosum1 & conta9s a col\r+ matt] secret$ f ! true sk91 :i*1 z x is great] or less 9 quantity gives ! diff]5t %ades ( complexion2 ! semi-transp>5t nature ( ! matt] outside all[+ x to %[ ?r\gh4 ,! oil tubes & p]spiratory ducts take _! rise imm$iately "u ! sk91 & f9d _! way to ! surface1 :ile n]ves & blood-vessels trav]se x =? & back4 ,"s fur!r idea ( ! nature ( ! sk9 may be ga9$ by obs]v+ a piece ( ?ick sole-lea!r 9 :i* t "p call$ ! gra9 is ! cuticle or epid]mis1 & ! ?ick] portion is ! d]mis1 or cutis v]a4 ,n[1 :5 any portion ( ^! s5sitive loops is injuri\sly irritat$ by pressure or friction1 !y sometimes pu% entirely ?r\gh ! cuticle1 gr[+ l>ge & cov]+ !mselves ) h>d cuticul> matt]1 ?us =m+ ! w>ts t appe> on ! h&s & o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,"s corns1 we believe1 are produc$ 9 a simil> way--a l>g] numb] ( ! papill project+ & be+ cov]$ completely & ?ickly ) epid]mis1 :i*1 becom+ dry & h>d1 /ill fur!r pa9s ! sore & s5sitive papill z x is press$ ^u by ! boot4 ,?is k9d ( corn c be cur$ only z a w>t is remov$--by burn+ ! papill1 or1 z !y are call$ 9 ! w>t1 ! roots2 ?us *ang+ ! /ructure ( ! sk91 or1 9 o!r words1 mak+ a sc>4 ,ord9>ily a h>d corn comm5ces at a po9t1 or by ! irritation ( a small surface ( ! sk91 or only a few ( ! papill4 ,f ?is po9t an increas$ supply ( ! cuticul> matt] is pu%$ out 9 e direction to protect !m1 gr[+ h>d] z ! process advances1 & be+ m press$ aga9/ by ! %oe1 :ile ! increas+ ext]nal pressure incites ! foot to pu% out a /ill l>g] corn4 ,?us x gr[s2 & z ! matt] fir/ ?r[n out is ! fir/ to become h>d5$1 a po9t is =m$1 & ! pressure =ces x into ! fle%1 :i* is compell$ to retire be=e x4 ,! long] ?is is cont9u$ ! l>g] ! surface ( sk9 t is made sore1 ! l>g] & m conical 9 %ape ! corn becomes1 & ! f>!r its po9t is =c$ into ! fle%4 ,?is description is m especially true ( ! small] corns2 ^? :i* ext5d ov] a l>ge surface be+1 probably1 orig9at$ by a slight] irritation ( a l>g] portion ( ! sk92 h5ce !y h less ( a po9t & p5etrate less deeply4 ,s(t corns appe> betwe5 ! toes1 & are s(t = ! reason t1 s situat$1 !y are kept moi/ by p]spiration4 ,"s ( !m are secretions ( epid]mis hav+ no c5tre or po9t1 b ?r[n out f ! foot at ! bottom & sides ( ! spade betwe5 ! toes1 & giv+ a s5sation z ( "s =eign body1 l a pea or a gravel /one1 conf9$ !re4 ,!re may be o!rs t are accompani$ by projections ( ! papill4 ,x is to be notic$ t a corn is ?us compos$ :olly ( cuticul> matt]1 & is entirely outside ( ! true sk94 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t "h is an in/ance 9 :i* ! rem$ial ef=t made by ,nature conv]ts itself into a diseas$ & pa9ful action1 defeat+ its prim>y purpose & creat+ a worse condition ?an ! "o s\ght to be reliev$4 ,b ?is is n correct4 ,nature does n put ! boot on ! foot1 nor cont9ue its we> aft] ! corn has orig9at$4 ,on ! contr>y1 if h] intimations 7 he$$1 ! boot w\ld be disc>d$ ! fir/ "t x p9*$1 & !re is e reason to believe t !n ! gr[? ( ! corn w\ld be discont9u$1 & :at _h already =m$ w\ld disappe>4 ,x is /at$ 9 m$ical works t p]sons conf9$ by sickness = a consid]able "t h _h _! corns entirely leave !m )\t any treatm5t at all1 simply because !re 0 no pressure to keep up ! irritation1 & consequ5tly no dem& = _! exi/5ce4 ,x has be5 g5]ally consid]$ t tight boots 7 ! great cause ( all ! corns & bunions ) :i* ! feet h be5 torm5t$1 & tight boots h accord+ly be5 curs$ f toe to heel = _! mis*iev\s qualities 9 ?is respect4 ,?\gh x is true t ! unnecess>y tightness ( boots is a pr9cipal s\rce ( corns1 !re are o!rs t may n be ov]look$4 ,loose boots1 t all[ ! heel to slip up & d[n1 or ! :ole foot to slide =w>d at e /ep1 are effective 9 ! production ( ^! annoyances4 ,h>d1 /iff lea!r is ano!r q effici5t ?+ 9 ?is way4 ,:e!r ! boot be tight or loose makes n mu* diff]5ce1 if x be /iff & h>d4 ,l>ge wr9kles ov] ! jo9t may sometimes h an effect ( ! same k9d1 especially if ! lea!r is no s(t] 8?an x ought to be40 ,high heels1 t pit* ! foot =w>d1 & keep x con/antly be>+ aga9/ ! lea!r ov] ! toes1 h a great t5d5cy to develop corns4 ,! draw+ toge!r ( ! toes by boots & %oes t are n>r[ at ?is po9t1 =c+ ! toes to cr[d aga9/ ea* o!r1 & pu%+ out ! great-toe jo9t1 is "o ( ! mo/ productive ( all causes4 ,:5 occurr+ ^u ! bottom ( ! foot1 a peg or "s h>d projection ( ! insole ( ! boot is ! ag5t to :i* !y may be attribut$4 ,betwe5 ! toes !y are mo/ frequ5tly develop$1 probably by ! pressure ( a boot t is too n>r[1 n only at ! ends ( ! toes1 b at _! roots or metat>sal jo9ts4 ,bunions1 we believe1 are nev] f\nd except ^u ! jo9t ( ! great toe1 & ! projection ( ?is jo9t1 f ! we>+ ( %ort & n>r[-to$ %oes1 c n be o!rwise ?an /rongly influ5tial 9 produc+ !m4 ,f we>+ foot-cov]+s ( ?is fa%ion1 :i* is almo/ ! only k9d we h at pres5t1 !re is ! con/ant t5d5cy ( ! jo9t to enl>ge1 wid51 & project4 ,?is increases its pressure aga9/ ! lea!r1 & may ev5 create a pressure :]e !re 0 none at ! "t ! boot 0 fir/ worn4 ,x is n /range1 !re=e1 t bunions make _! appe>ance "u su* circum/ances4 ,?us x is se5 t1 sett+ aside ! habit ( we>+ boots t are tight en\gh to p9* ! foot1 !re is already f\nd an abundant cause = corns4 ,x ought to be suffici5tly obvi\s t ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( ! pres5t foot-cov]+--! n>r[ toes1 be+ (t5 %ort besides1 & ! high heels--are corn-produc+ 9 all _! t5d5cies4 ,if to ^! is add$ ! practice1 z ) _m p]sons1 ( we>+ boots & %oes t are too tight = com=t1 & (t5 too n>r[ on ! sole1 !re is ample reason = ! fact t corn$ feet are num]\s4 ,we d n "k :at fir/ induc$ p to we> boots unnecess>ily tight1 unless x 0 ! ,*9ese idea ( ta/e1 :i* desir$ to prev5t ! full developm5t ( ! feet1 or make !m appe> z small z possible4 ,if ?is be /ill ! motive1 x is only necess>y to repeat t a true ta/e dem&s t a foot be ( a size proportionate to ! size ( ! :ole body1 :e!r t be l>ge or small4 ,if x is to make ! boot fit m smoo?ly & h&somely1 !n ! object is m (t5 defeat$ ?an accompli%$4 ,a boot t is too tight--tight en\gh to be uncom=table--is n ! boot t be/ fits ! foot4 ,x w h z _m wr9kles 9 x z a loose "o1 & ev5 m1 if ! lea!r be ?91 :ile ! foot c n g into x naturally4 ,! be/ fitt+ boot or %oe is "o made ( ! "r %ape to adapt x to ! p>ticul> foot2 :i* is j snug en\gh to conf9e x )\t any uneasy feel+2 & into :i* x goes easily & naturally to its prop] position4 ,!re is suffici5t l5g? to all[ ! toe to move )\t pressure on ! nail1 & suffici5t wid? to let ! toes lie side by side1 9 :i* position !y appe> mu* bett] ?an :5 pil$ "o ov] ano!r4 ,!re are no wr9kles made by loose lea!r--none by ov]-tightness4 ,! room is entirely fill$1 :ile at ! same "t ! foot is easy1 & c make its natural movem5ts 9 walk+ ) ease & grace2 :i* x c n d :5 squeez$ into a boot t is too tight4 ,a p]son we>+ a tight boot has a /iff & unnatural walk1 :i* c n be comp5sat$ by any beauty ( ! fit s ga9$1 provid$ x is ga9$4 ,!re are only ! s(t & fle%y feet t c be> compression ) any b5efit to _! appe>ance1 & ) ^! /ill ! same rule is equally good--!y mu/ n be squeez$ m ?an com=t w all[4 ,if compla9t is made t ! upp] lea!r /ret*es out1 & ! foot treads ov] ! sole1 & spreads & sprawls ab\t m ?an appe>s neat & prop]1 x is only to be repli$ t if a %oe ( ! "r %ape1 & suffici5tly wide is worn1 !re w be no tr\ble ( ?is k9d4 ,on ! :ole1 tight-boot-we>+ is a humbug4 ,x is entirely unnecess>y1 do+ no good1 :ile (t5 defeat+ itself :5 its object is to improve ! foot's appe>ance4 ,besides ! ord9>y discom=t creat$ by x1 ! :ole t5d5cy ( extreme tightness is t[>d corns & de=mity4 ,h[ mu*1 n[1 x may be inquir$1 is meant by extreme tightness8 ,! answ] is--discom=t4 ,a new boot or %oe t fits z x %\ld1 may be worn )\t s]i\s discom=t = sev]al h\rs1 or half a day1 :5 fir/ put on4 ,aft] ?ree or f\r days x may be worn all ! "t4 ,x ought n to be expect$ t x c be worn con/antly at fir/2 = if loose en\gh1 = ?is x w soon be too loose = a h&some fit4 ,!n1 an article t is tight = a foot belong+ to a weak & delicate organization1 ) a feeble circulation ( blood1 may be p]fectly easy to a foot ( ! same size & %ape belong+ to a /rong1 heal?y con/itution ) an en]getic circulation2 & = ! same reason a p]son c we> a tight] %oe :5 "y ?an :5 advanc$ 9 life1 or fail+ 9 heal?2 b ei!r ( ^!1 & at any "t1 may be gov]n$ by ! rule1 t positive discom=t indicates extreme tightness4 ,!re are "s k9ds ( mat]ial t /ret* consid]ably "u ! foot's pressure1 & boots made f ^! %\ld be a little tight] at fir/ ?an ^? made ( firm] /ock4 ,besides1 !re are "s feet s s5sitive t v slight pressure or friction w develope corns on !m1 & su* mu/ we> a s(t] mat]ial ?an is worn by feet t are m h>dy4 ,! "q ( tightness is some:at complicat$ by su* consid]ations4 ,mo/ ( u1 h[ev]1 c usually tell = ourselves :at is tight1 & we h no "r to decide = o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ord9>y h>d corns1 :5 "y1 may be remov$ by scrap+ up ! call\s sk9 ar\nd ! bord]s & pry+ out c>efully ) a pocket knife4 ,!re is no ne$ ( cutt+ ?r\gh ! "u sk94 ,9 m difficult cases "s fur!r treatm5t w be necess>y1 & = !m we quote ! foll[+ me?ods1 ! fir/ f ,coop]'s 8,diction>y ( ,surg]y40 8,wide1 s(t %oes %\ld be worn4 ,su* means are n only requisite = a radical cure1 b !y alone (t5 effect x4 ,?\gh ! radical cure is ?us easy1 few obta9 x1 because _! p]sev]ance ceases1 z soon z !y exp]i5ce ! wi%$-= relief4 8,:5 bus9ess or o!r circum/ances prev5t ! pati5t f adopt+ ?is plan1 & oblige him to /& or walk a good deal1 /ill x is possible to remove all pressure f ! corn4 ,= ?is purpose f eight to twelve pieces ( l951 sme>$ ) an emolli5t o9tm5t1 & hav+ an ap]ture cut 9 ! middle exactly adapt$ to ! corn1 are to be laid ov] ea* o!r1 & s appli$ to ! foot t ! corn is to lie 9 ! op5+ 9 su* a mann] t x c n be t\*$ by ! %oe or /ock+4 ,:5 ! pla/] has be5 appli$ "s weeks ! corn commonly disappe>s )\t o!r means4 ,%\ld ! corn be on ! sole ( ! foot1 x is only necess>y to put 9 ! %oe a felt sole :]e9 a :ole has be5 cut1 correspond+ to ! situation1 size1 & figure ( ! induration4 8,a corn may also be c]ta9ly1 p]man5tly1 & spe$ily eradicat$ by ! foll[+ me?od1 especially :5 ! pla/] & felt ) a hole 9 x are employ$ at ! same "t4 ,! corn is to be rubb$ twice a day ) an emolli5t o9tm5t1 su* z t ( m>%mall[s1 or ) ! volatile l9im5t1 :i* is /ill bett]2 & 9 ! int]im x is to be cov]$ ) a s(t5+ pla/]4 ,e morn+ & ev5+ ! foot is to be put1 = half an h\r1 9 w>m wat]1 & :ile !re ! corn is to be well rubb$ ) soap4 ,aft]w>ds all ! s(t1 :ite1 pulpy matt] outside ( ! corn is to be scrap$ (f ) a blunt knife2 b ! scrap+ mu/ be left (f ! mom5t ! pati5t beg9s to compla9 ( pa9 f x4 ,! same treatm5t is to be p]si/$ 9 )\t int]ruption until ! corn is totally extirpat$1 :i* is g5]ally effect$ 9 eight or twelve days4 ,if left (f soon] ! corn gr[s aga940 ,! 8,hydropa?ic ,encyclopdia0 recomm5ds a m summ>y mode ( deal+4 8,^! well-kn[n toe-torm5t]s are produc$ by tight %oes or boots4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple ( cure is to give ! feet a respectable #8area ( fre$om2' & ! second is1 to soak !m 9 w>m wat] & %ave (f ! horny sub/ance1 & !n t\* !m ) ! nitric or nitro-muriatic acid4 ,:5 ! corn is inflam$ or highly irritable1 ! tepid foot-ba? %\ld be employ$ to remove ?is condition be=e ! acid is appli$4 ,! aqua-regia--nitro-muriatic acid--is ! ord9>y secret rem$y ( ! #8corn-cur]s4' ,:5 ! corn is fully =m$1 or ripe1 a membrane sep>ates x f ! true sk91 s t x c be tak5 (f )\t injur+ t surface2 & ?is circum/ance enables pr(essional *iropodi/s to #8elevate ! gra9' on ! po9t ( a p5knife1 aft] an application ( ! acid40 ,ano!r mode1 simil> 9 "*1 is tak5 f a late "w by ,dr4 ,ira ,w>r54 8,corns %\ld be %av$ d[n close1 aft] be+ soak$ 9 w>m wat] & soap1 & !n cov]$ ) a piece ( wa%-lea!r or buck-sk91 on :i* lead pla/] is spread1 a hole be+ cut 9 ! lea!r ! size ( ! corn4 ,!y may be s(t5$ s z to be easily scoop$ out by rubb+ glyc]9e on !m4 ,manganic acid de/roys w>ts & corns rapidly40 ,/ill ano!r1 & "o v easy to practice1 is f ,dr4 ,calv9 ,cutt]'s 8,anatomy1 ,physiology1 & ,hygi5e40 8,to remove ^! pa9ful excresc5ces1 take a ?ick piece ( s(t lea!r1 some:at l>g] ?an ! corn2 9 ! c5tre pun* a hole ( ! size ( ! summit ( ! corn2 spread ! lea!r ) adhesive pla/]1 & apply x ar\nd ! corn4 ,! hole 9 ! lea!r may be fill$ ) a pa/e made ( soda & soap on go+ to b$4 ,9 ! morn+ remove x1 & wa% ) w>m wat]4 ,repeat ?is = sev]al successive nights1 & ! corn w be remov$4 ,! only precaution is1 n to repeat ! application s z to cause pa940 ,x is altoge!r probable t ! la/ treatm5t "h advis$ = h>d corns w\ld be equally effective = s(t ones1 if we c\ld contrive to cov] up ! surr\nd+ p>ts ) a pla/] s z to admit ( its application4 ,! o!r rem$ies are1 to keep cont9ually cutt+ away at !m ) ! knife1 or burn !m out ?or\ghly ) cau/ic4 ,9 all ^! cures ! ess5tial p>ts ( ! treatm5t are1 fir/1 ! emolli5t o9tm5t or w>m wat] to s(t5 ! sk9 & remove sor5ess2 !n cau/ics--soap & soda1 nitric1 muriatic1 & manganic acids--to de/roy ! mass ( ! corn2 aft] :i* ! rema9d] is lift$ out ) a knife2 ! lea!r & felt s]v+ z a protection f ! %oe4 ,x is said1 & ) consid]able evid5ce to support ! /atem5t1 t ord9>y mild corns may be cur$ 9 a c\ple ( weeks by w9d+ a cotton rag ar\nd ! toe or foot1 s z to cov] ! corn ) sev]al ?icknesses1 & !n keep+ ?is b&age con/antly wet by ba?+ ! feet twice a day 9 cold wat]4 ,to :i* x may be add$1 t _m corns w probably disappe> if con/antly kept moi/ & s(t 9 any mann]1 provid$ ! ext]nal irritation is entirely remov$4 ,v (t5 x is ! case t new corns1 bo? h>d & s(t1 gr[ up 9 ! places :]e !y h be5 tak5 away be=e1 re-appe>+1 "s ( !m1 sev]al times2 & x is a "q if ! common practice ( putt+ lea!r ) a hole 9 x ar\nd ! corn does n t5d to make ! latt] gr[ up aga9 by press+ on ! edges ( ! cavity4 ,x is p]haps bett]1 !re=e1 t ! lea!r or felt be worn = "s "t aft] ! corn is gone1 to keep ! pressure ( ! boot away f ! "p till x has rega9$ its natural condition1 & x is well to make ! hole 9 ! pla/] s l>ge1 t ev5 ! bord] ( ! s5sitive cavity w n be t\*$4 ,:5 a surface has be5 secret+ corn-mat]ial = a l5g? ( "t1 x is n /range t x %\ld cont9ue ! habit )\t mu* provocation4 ,9 ^! cases :]e ! corn gr[s aga91 x may p]haps be advisable to t\* ! mo/ c5tral "p1 or place ( ! po9t1 ) nitric acid or "s o!r cau/ic1 to de/roy ! papill1 & *ange ! /ructure ( ! sk91 z is done ) a w>t2 :]e x is s effectual t ! w>t nev] re-appe>s4 ,x is n necess>y to burn ! surr\nd+ surface1 or make any?+ m ?an a v small burn any:]e4 ,! acid %\ld be appli$ ) "s %>p-po9t$ in/rum5t1 j wet ) x1 s !re %all be no dang] ( putt+ on too mu*4 ,if !re is any fe> ( creat+ too mu* inflammation1 x c be po/pon$ till ! acute s5sitiv5ess has become some:at abat$4 ,= s(t corns x is d\btful :e!r any o!r treatm5t ?an burn+ w be completely successful1 ?\gh x may be well to try "s o!r me?od fir/4 ,burn+ is r sev]e1 b reasonably sure1 & a ?\s& times bett]1 ?an to suff] f ! corn4 ,b little acid ne$ be appli$ at a "t1 & z soon z ! "u sk9 becomes inflam$ ! desir$ effect is accompli%$2 = :5 x heals1 ! corn is 8done =0 & gone4 ,some?+ s(t may be put betwe5 ! toes to sep>ate !m1 & prev5t any unnecess>y irritation dur+ ! process4 ,corns on ! bottom ( ! foot are am5able to cau/ic l ! re/1 ! felt sole ) a hole 9 x be+ us$ = protection dur+ ! op]ation4 ,inflam$ & suppurat$ corns are to be cut d[n z mu* z possible & lanc$1 accord+ to ,eri*s5--"o ( ! be/ au?orities--?\gh x w\ld seem to "o unacqua9t$ ) ! matt] t !y might be remov$ l ! o!rs4 ,!y are int5sely pa9ful1 & a surgeon's skill is necess>y to treat !m prop]ly4 ,"s ( ! m$ical books repres5t t !re is m or less dang] 9 us+ cau/ics 9 sev]e cases1 :]e ! pati5t is an old p]son1 or "o ( feeble vitality1 or extreme n]v\s s5sibility4 ,x is always well to proce$ safely1 & h m$ical advice be=e op]at+ on su* a pati5t4 ,9 addition to ! ord9>y h>d & s(t v>ieties1 black & ble$+ corns are describ$ by "o writ] on ! subject1 "s ( :i* are report$ v difficult to cure & dang]\s to manage2 _! injudici\s removal be+ liable to result 9 convulsions1 & ev5 lockjaw & dea?2 all ( :i* frightful consequ5ces may be accept$ z inducem5ts to avoid ! productive fir/ causes ( ! tr\ble4 ,9 reg>d to ! treatm5t ( bunions1 ! foll[+ f ! 8,hydropa?ic ,encyclopdia10 is ! only ?+ we are able to f9d 9 ! books4 8,?is affliction1 ?\gh g5]ally reg>d$ z a k9d ( corn1 is really an inflammation & swell+ ( ! bursa mucosa1#h at ! inside ( ! ball ( ! great toe2 x (t5 produces a di/ortion ( ! metat>sal jo9t ( ! great toe1 & is produc$ by ! same causes z corns4 ,! treatm5t is1 w>m foot-ba?s :5 ! "p is v t5d] & irritable2 at o!r times frequ5t cold ba?s2 & :5 a horny sub/ance1 resembl+ a corn1 appe>s ext]nally1 ! application ( cau/ic4 ,i h kn[n bad corns & bunions cease to be tr\blesome aft] ! pati5t _h be5 a few mon?s "u hydropa?ic treatm5t = o!r compla9ts40 ,! /raight5+ ( ! great toe 9 ! mann] previ\sly describ$ w probably d m t[>d ! relief & cure ( bunions ?an any o!r rem$y4 ,! mat]ial ( a %oe = t purpose %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be s(t--! s(te/ k9ds ( calfsk9 are good--b n ( too yield+ a nature1 or ! toe & jo9t w =ce x into _! own abnormal %ape 9 spite ( ! =m ( ! %oe1 unless ?is c be prev5t$ by a /iff5+ piece ( sole-lea!r at ! ball 7see ,*apt] ,f\r71 because ! p>ts t5d to assume _! old position1 & d s1 z f> z ! lea!r w all[4 ,) ! ord9>y %oe1 all t c be done1 is to give ! foot ! s(te/ ( lea!r--buck-sk91 :5 obta9able1 is ! be/--& make ! %oe ov] a la/ hav+ also a big jo9t ^u x1 made ( sole-lea!r1 9 ! exact place to fit t ( ! foot1 & ?us all[ x pl5ty ( room4 ,! callosities t come ^u ! heel1 in/ep1 or o!r "p ( ! foot1 c almo/ always be lift$ or scrap$ (f1 )\t ! necessity ( us+ cau/ic1 & !re is less probability ( _! re-appe>+ aft] ! cause is remov$ ?an 9 ! case ( corns4 ,b if ! pressure t caus$ !m fir/ is cont9u$1 ( c\rse !y gr[ aga94 ,:5 !y are s bad z to make x difficult to remove !m )\t s(t5+1 !y c be subject$ to ! same treatm5t :i* s(t5s corns4 ,sore in/eps1 big jo9ts1 & corns1 :5 no positive means are adopt$ = _! cure or removal1 may (t5 be made tol]ably com=table by hav+ ! %oe c>efully adapt$ to fit !m4 ,?is is done by mak+ lea!r corns or jo9ts on ! la/s be=e ! %oes are made4 ,p>ticul> places 9 a %oe c also1 g5]ally1 be /ret*$1 s z to r5d] !m mu* m easy4#i ,tru/+ t ^? read]s :o are n able to avail !mselves ( ! s]vices ( a pr(essional *iropodi/1 w "h f9d a suffici5t guide = ! managem5t ( ord9>y difficulties ( ?is k9d1 att5tion w next be call$ to a re-/atem5t ( "s ( ! ideas & po9ts ( argum5t previ\sly advanc$ 9 ?is treatise4 ,,footnotes3 #h ,! bursa mucosa is a synovial membrane l9+ ! jo9t1 & secret+ a lubricat+ fluid1 l simil> membranes 9 o!r jo9ts4 #i ,x w1 p]haps1 n be amiss "h to give a cure = *ilbla9s1 tak5 f a rec5t "w ^u ! 8,movem5t ,cure10 by ,dr4 ,george ,h4 ,taylor4 ,x consi/s 9 rais+ ! foot1 ) ! %oe ^u x1 & giv+ x ?irty or =ty sm>t bl[s ^u ! sole ) a heavy /ick ( conv5i5t l5g? to be h&l$4 ,! %ock ^u ! foot dissipates ! conge/ion ( blood 9 ! capill>y vessels "u ! sk91 :i* causes ! int5se it*+ & sm>t4 ,x is s simple t e "o afflict$ ought to try x1 & is ass]t$ to be1 ) few repetitions1 a p]man5t cure4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,recapitulation--,la/s = ,individual ,feet--,possibility ( all ,fee be+ ,well ,fitt$ 9 _! ,clo?+--,ease & ,grace ( ,movem5t--,a ,la/ ,^w = ,*ildr54 ,we h h]et(ore endeav\r$ to %[ :at is ! true1 normal %ape ( ! heal?y foot1 z recogniz$ by sci5ce1 art1 & common s5se2 t 9 x ! toes lie directly =w>d ( ! metat>sal bones1 9 ! same l9e1 hav+ pl5ty ( room = all ( !m to come to ! gr\nd1 or ! surface on :i* !y tread2 t !re is no occasion = gr[n-9-nails1 big jo9ts1 or corns until aft] ! adoption ( false habits 9 ! mann] ( ! foot's clo?+2 t ! elevation ( ! in/ep is made by a well-=m$ & di/9ct ar*1 ! break+-d[n ( :i*1 z manife/$ 9 ! flatt5$ in/ep & elongat$ heel1 is unnatural2 t all ! v>i\s de=mities1 weaknesses1 & ailm5ts po9t$ out & rem>k$ ^u are s _m vitiations or p]v]sions ( ! foot's condition4 ,x has be5 made pla91 also1 t all our pres5t habits & ways ( dress+ ! feet t5d1 m or less directly & /rongly1 t[>d ?is depravity & di/ortion4 ,we h se5 t ! common sole1 by be+ curv$ :]e x %\ld be /raight--on its inside l9e--inevitably draws ! great toe to "o side1 & all ! toes too closely toge!r1 pu%+ out ! jo9t1 creat+ corns betwe5 & outside ! toes1 & lam5ess or bunion at ! jo9t itself2 t ?is t5d5cy is increas$ by /raight & n>r[-to$ soles2 t x is made /ill worse by high heels1 :i* pit* ! foot f> =w>d2 :ile ! practice ( we>+ boots & %oes t are too %ort makes yet ano!r addition t[>d ! production ( ! :ole bad result4 ,s also x is se5 t ! old-fa%ion$ %ort heels1 s long worn1 h _h an influ5ce 9 produc+ ! brok5-d[n ar* ( ! flat-foot2 :ile o!r defects 9 ! con/ruction ( ! foot's cov]+ manife/ !mselves by callosities on ! heel & in/ep1 ! turn+ ov] to "o side1 & ! pressure1 squeez+1 & g5]al discom=t 9 ! fit4 ,we h1 /ill fur!r1 tri$ to indicate :at is ! true1 natural1 & prop] %ape ( la/1 & :]e9 x diff]s f ^? 9 common use4 ,?is x w d no h>m to re-/ate4 ,fir/ x 0 prov5 t a correctly-=m$ la/ 0 n a ?+ to be *ang$ by fa%ion or cu/om1 b on ! contr>y1 to be z p]man5t 9 its =m z t ( ! foot :i* x imitates2 t "o ( its peculi>ities 0 ! /raight l9e on ! inside1 ) ! curve ^u ! outside2 t ano!r 0 ! spr+1 or curve on ! bottom2 ano!r1 ! additional ?ickness ov] ! place ( ! great toe2 ano!r1 ! level bottom side-wise1 f ! %ank1 ?r\gh ! middle1 =w>d2 ano!r1 ! plac+ ( ! in/ep ne>] to ! side ?an is done 9 la/s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,?is 0 (f]$ z a positively sure prev5tive ( all ^? tr\bles aris+ f di/ortion ( ! toes1 :ile also hav+ a t5d5cy to enc\rage feet already de=m$ 9 a return to _! natural /ate4 ,f sev]al ( ! positions ?us tak51 x necess>ily foll[s t /raight la/s are entirely wrong 9 =mation & use1 & t no?+ inf]ior to1 or ess5tially diff]5t f1 a "r & left la/ ( ! =m describ$1 c fully s]ve ! natural requirem5ts ( ! foot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= flat-foot$ness ! long heel 0 recomm5d$ z "o great help t[>d recov]+ ! natural position ( ! ar*4 ,a long heel is ! next be/ ?+ to no heel at all4 ,x supports ! ar* ! mo/ ne>ly z x is support$ :5 ! b>e foot is press$ ^u ! gr\nd or floor4 ,:]e ?is w n re/ore ! %ape1 x w at lea/ be likely to prev5t ! fault f becom+ any worse4 ,! o!r rem$ies--! prop] ex]cise & full developm5t ( ! muscles at ! bottom ( ! foot1 & ! right+ ( x up :5 x treads inw>d--mu/ be consid]$ z 9 no way inf]ior1 if n sup]ior1 to ! fir/4 ,tak5 toge!r1 !y (f] a /rong enc\ragem5t to ^? :o wi% to ov]come ! weakness1 :ile !y furni% a sure prev5tion ( x :]e x does n already exi/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! importance ( hav+ la/s made expressly to fit individual feet has n be5 suffici5tly urg$4 ,?\gh _m p]sons c get _! feet v well fitt$ at any "t )\t !m1 & o!rs may be s situat$ t !y c buy a h&som] & bett] article ?an !y c get made1 yet :]e a good %oemak] c be reli$ ^u to make su* a cov]+ z is want$1 !re is advantage 9 kn[+ h[ a good fit c always be obta9$4 ,?is is by hav+ a pair ( la/s made z ne>ly "r z possible1 !n all[+ ! %oemak] to te/ & correct !m aft] mak+ a fir/ pair ( boots or %oes on !m1 :5 !y w be "r = ! rema9d] ( a lifetime4 ,! %oemak] may also1 aft] mak+ ! fir/ pair1 h a patt]n = any p>ticul> =m ( ! upp]1 likewise correct$ & made reliable = fur!r use4 ,! exp5se ( su* la/s is n great1 & ! cu/om %oemak] c himself furni% ^? f 8 own /ock = a l>ge proportion ( 8 cu/om]s1 alt]+ & fitt+ !m up z may be necess>y1 & supply+ _! places ) o!rs f ! la/-mak]4 ,!y w ne$ to be s fitt$ up t !y c be slightly rais$ or less5$ 9 size = ?ick or ?9 /ock+s1 or an increase or decrease ( fle%4 ,if a p]fect fit is n made :5 !y are us$ ! second "t1 a fur!r slight correction w insure x4 ,aft] ?is !re w be no dissatisfaction on ! "p ( ! buy]2 no fe> ( loss by misfits on ! "p ( ! mak]4 ,^? :o h any peculi> notion ab\t _! foot-app>el c be suit$4 ,!re w be v little tr\ble f delay1 or f gett+ ! foot accu/om$ to ! boot :5 fir/ worn4 ,/ill fur!r1 & bett]1 ! dang] ( mak+ corns1 bunions1 gr[n-9 nails1 & sore in/eps is r$uc$ to almo/ no?+2 = ! cov]+1 be+ a good fit1 is nei!r tight nor loose1 & does n p9*1 cramp1 or *afe any "p ( ! foot4 ,all ^! consid]ations are mu* m =cible :5 ! feet diff] f an ord9>y size & %ape4 ,a ready-made article to fit _c be b\ght4 ,x is (t5 difficult = ev5 ! be/ me*anic to make "w t w fit easily & h&somely ^u feet t are flat1 & h corns & l>ge jo9ts besides--a comb9ation ( difficulties he is frequ5tly call$ ^u to meet4 ,!re is ! additional fact t _m feet c seldom or nev] be measur$ twice alike1 = all feet v>y 9 size "u diff]5t conditions1 & "s ( !m a great deal2 & h5ce ! unc]ta9ty ( be+ fitt$ by a %oemak] ! fir/ "t he is employ$4#aj ,b :5 a la/ ( ! "r size1 l5g?1 wid?1 & g5]al %ape has be5 obta9$1 ) all ! corns1 jo9ts1 sore in/eps & o!r peculi>ities fairly repres5t$ ^u x1 ! own] may expect m com=t = ! feet1 & a bett]-look+ boot1 ?an has ev] be5 realiz$ = !m be=e4 ,b su* a la/ _c be made p]fectly correct at fir/1 & ! cu/om] mu/ n be disc\rag$ at f9d+ a little difficulty4 ,! f9al satisfaction w repay all ! tr\ble4 ,a pair ( la/s = boots1 if made 9 ! "r way1 ) a good wid? at ! %ank 7or j above x71 :ile r n>r[ at ! top1 & ) a full am\nt ( spr+ at ! toe1 c be us$ = mak+ %oes & slipp]s1 9 ord9>y cases1 by fill+ up ! %ank ) a piece ( sole-lea!r 9 a way well kn[n to cu/om %oemak]s2 al?\gh ! mo/ p]fect results are obta9$ by hav+ a sep>ate pair design$ = slipp]s & l[ %oes4 ,^? :o h difficult feet _h bett] limit !mselves to "o pair = all k9ds ( cov]+s4 ,!re is h5ce no ne$ ( feet be+ badly fitt$ because !y are badly %ap$1 if _! possessors w act ^u ! sugge/ions giv54 ,yet x mu/ n be expect$ t big jo9ts & flat in/eps c be made h&some by any degree ( skill2 !y c be well fitt$1 b _! %ape rema9s visible4 ,a boot or %oe ought to fit easily1 yet snugly & smoo?ly1 all ov] ! foot--ar\nd ! heel & ankle z well z ! =w>d "p ,!re is no necessity = p9*+ ! in/ep or cr[d+ ! toes2 no occasion = loose lea!r at ! ankle & heel2 no propriety 9 wr9kles ov] ! in/ep ( a flat foot1 nor hav+ a slipp] loose at ! sides4 ,all boots mu/ h wr9kles at ! ankle1 & all k9ds ( cov]+ mu/ h "s across ! foot at ! jo9ts4 ,!re ne$ n be any ( m>k$ size else:]e1 nor %\ld ^! be z l>ge z !y commonly are4 ,a new boot %\ld be put on ) c>e to avoid mak+ !m4 ,! ease & grace ( movem5t connect$ ) feet 9 _! normal condition1 & :5 prop]ly dress$1 has be5 h9t$ at sev]al times previ\sly4 ,?is is a consid]ation almo/ entirely ov]look$2 yet x is n a ?+ ( small importance4 ,ev]ybody1 9 great] or less degree1 admires grace & beauty4 ,ne>ly ev]yone :o has a consci\sness ( be+ awkw>d 9 any way1 suff]s f t feel+ or k4 ,?is love ( ! beautiful is z mu* a "p ( human nature z consci5ce2 & contributes z mu* to our pleasure z almo/ any o!r s5tim5t or affection4 ,:5 turn$ m 9 ?is direction1 z x %\ld be1 x w appreciate beauty 9 ! feet z quickly z else:]e4 ,its influ5ce mu/ be br\ght to be> 9 develop+ ! true & elegant 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 no less ?an 9 o!rs4 ,x %\ld appreciate a well-=m$ foot1 :e!r small or l>ge2 & a graceful1 easy /ep 9 ! /reet z well z 9 ! ball-room4 ,let ! %uffl+ or /amp+ gait ( flat-foot$ p]sons g5]ally1 be contra/$ ) ! light yet dignifi$ c>riage ( ^? ^: feet are prop]ly ar*$2 let ! /iff walk ( a man 9 tight boots be notic$1 & !n ! /ep ( "o :o goes along 9 a pair ( light1 easy %oes ) l[ heels4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ea* ( ^! cases w be v pla94 ,a p]son _c walk easily & h&somely--mu* less run--9 boots t are uncom=table1 or ) corns & sore jo9ts cry+ out at e /ep4 ,high heels necess>ily give an unnatural "* to ! /ep1 because ! heel ( ! foot does n come ne> ! surface1 z ,nature int5d$4 ,! weight ( ! body is ?r[n too mu* ^u ! =w>d "p ( ! foot1 :i* w\ld seem likely to h "s t5d5cy t[>d break+ x d[n1 :ile x prev5ts t v spr+ ^u ! ball & toes :i* is ! mo/ ess5tial ?+ 9 graceful walk+4#aa ,besides ?is1 x is kn[n t high heels prev5t ! full gr[? ( ! calf ( ! leg1 by prev5t+ ! full ex]cise ( ^? muscles :i* raise ! heel at e /ep4 ,z x is kept con/antly rais$ already by an in* & a half ( lea!r "u x1 ( c\rse !re is less requir$ ( ! muscles1 & !y are decreas$ 9 size4 ,/iffness1 also1 has a decid$ effect ^u ! c>riage ( ! body4 ,"o :o has always worn /iff1 clumsy foot-ge> has a /iff1 awkw>d walk1 because all ! muscles ( ! foot & leg br\ght into play by natural walk+ h be5 int]f]$ ) & cramp$ by ! mis]able clogs on ! feet4 ,z ^! w b5d1 or all[ ! foot to b5d1 b v little1 !re c be b little use ( ! muscles :i* =m ! calf ( ! leg & raise ! heel4 ,h5ce ! calf rema9s weak & undevelop$1 in/ead ( pres5t+ ! full1 r\nd1 muscul> appe>ance x %[s 9 a well-develop$ leg1 & :i* is s necess>y to a light1 easy1 ela/ic /ep1 & graceful movem5t4 ,! fa%ionable _w--^? p :om ! e>ne/ ?9k] & ! practical utilit>ian look ^u almo/ z useless idl]s 9 ! community--/ill h _! sup]iority 9 "o direction1 ov] ! ?9k] or bus9ess man1 :i* mu/ be fairly ackn[l$g$4 ,!y are arti/s 9 ! matt] ( dress & p]sonal ornam5tation4 ,!y possess t ta/e & ke5 s5se ( ! beautiful :i* =ms ev]y?+ ar\nd !m into elegance1 grace1 & *>m4 ,?\gh !y sometimes sacrifice /r5g? & usefulness1 & (t5 g to fooli% extremes1 z d ! pla9] sort 9 an opposite way1 yet !y g5]ally manife/ a propriety 9 dress & surr\nd+s :i* compels ! admiration ev5 ( ^? s5sible & /eady ones :o ?9k s highly ( ! useful1 b depreciate ! value ( beauty4 ,to ! fa%ionable class1 !n1 no less ?an to o!rs we appeal to adopt a fa%ion 9 dress+ ! feet :i* w t5d /rongly to develop beauty 9 _! =m & appe>ance1 & grace 9 all _! movem5ts4 ,:at ?is is1 has be5 suffici5tly well expla9$4 ,x may be add$ t no "o %\ld be satisfi$ )\t a good fit1 & an article z ta/eful & c>efully select$ z any?+ t is worn ^u ! head1 or any o!r "p ( ! p]son4 ,! foot has ! same "r to be well dress$ t is possess$ by any o!r portion ( ! body4 ,a %ape ( ! sole t w\ld be a compromise betwe5 ! common =m & ! correct "o1 has be5 sugge/$ = ! b5efit ( ^? :o c\ld n be p]suad$ to h any?+ bett]4 ,?is is a good "o = su* feet z are some:at di/ort$ at ! toes1 & ^: own]s are n dispos$ to attempt any correction4 ,b we prote/ aga9/ putt+ any?+ less p]fect ?an ! 8,excelsior0 ^u "y feet1 t are /ill unde=m$1 & h5ce entitl$ to a cov]+ t w correspond4 ,p>5ts h no "r to treat _! *ildr5 9 su* a way z to induce any ( ! tr\bles t h be5 describ$4 ,b ?is !y are almo/ sure to d1 9 great] or less degree1 by compell+ !m to we> ! ord9>y boot & %oe4 ,x is true ! bett] k9d _c be obta9$ ready-made at fir/1 ?\gh ! dem& w produce !m 9 a reasonable "t1 yet "s approa* to ! true ?+ c be made by a %oemak] ( intellig5ce & +5uity1 ev5 ?\gh1 9 ! abs5ce ( prop] la/s1 he is oblig$ to alt] & improve "s :i* he already has4 ,"s day ! bett] article w be bo? obta9able & inexp5sive4 ,9 ! mean "t ^? mo/ int]e/$ mu/ take ! be/ sub/itute )9 _! rea*--t :i* comes ne>e/ ! true /&>d4 ,,footnotes3 #aj ,to ^? cu/om %oemak]s :o cont9ue try+ to fit ev]ybody )\t any specially-made la/s x is sugge/$ t 9 "s ( ! mo/ difficult !y make a trial %oe1 ! upp] = x be+ cut f "s *eap mat]ial1 su* z cotton drill+ = repres5t+ s]ge or clo?1 & split-lea!r or %eepsk9 = lea!r upp]s1 :ile a piece ( insole-lea!r w answ] = ! bottom4 ,! upp] c be sew$ toge!r )\t l9+1 only "s eyelets be+ necess>y = lac+1 & :5 drawn ov] su* a la/ z is judg$ likely to fit ! foot x may be r\ghly fa/5$ d[n all ar\nd ) a wax$ ?read4 ,aft] trial on ! cu/om]'s foot1 ! upp] c be ripp$ (f & ! sole-lea!r us$ = an insole or some?+ else1 :ile if ! %oe fits badly ! la/ is easily modifi$1 be=e mak+ a p]man5t article4 ,! same plan might be tri$ ) any new la/ design$ = a p>ticul> foot4 #aa ,! effects ^u ! foot are n ! only bad results spr++ f heels t are extremely high4 ,! "w ( ,dr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,taylor has already be5 quot$ f to %[ ! influ5ce ( weak ankles 9 develop+ lat]al curvature ( ! sp9e4 ,we also f9d 9 x "s h9ts conc]n+ /oop-%\ld]s1 :i* are ?us express$4 8,man has a mu* n>r[] base ( su/5tation ?an mo/ o!r animals1 :i* r5d]s x important t t base %\ld n be less5$ by cramp+ ! feet 9 n>r[ %oes1 r5d]+ progression difficult1 awkw>d1 & quickly fatigu+4 ,b probably ! mo/ s]i\s fault 9 ! feet-cov]+s is ! elevat$ heel (t5 giv5 to !m4 ,by elevat+ ! heel1 besides ! /ill n>r[] base giv51 :e!r 9 progression or /&+1 ! anatomical relations ( ! :ole body z an in/rum5t ( locomotion are mat]ially *ang$4 ,z 9 lat]al curvature ( ! sp9e1 a deviation f ! prop] position at "o po9t may cause sev]al o!r comp5sat+ curves at o!r po9ts1 s an improp] position ( "o "p ( ! locomotive app>atus w cause a succession ( o!r false positions ( o!r p>ts4 ,by elevat+ ! heel & con/antly keep+ ! flexors ( ! feet ! muscles on ! upp] side on ! /ret*1 relief to !m is in/9ctively s\ght by a slight flexion at ! knee2 ?is w\ld de/roy ! p]p5dicul>ity ( ! figure1 7 n ano!r slight flexion made at ! hips2 b z ?is w\ld ?r[ ! trunk =w>d /ill ano!r flexion backw>d is requir$1 & !n =w>d1 etc4 ,b 9 ! sp9al column a compromise is effect$ by a =w>d curve & incl9ation ( ! head4 ,?us1 high heels t5d to produce & p]man5tly e/abli% a succession ( zigzags f ! ankles upw>d1 ) ! weight ( ! body support$ by ! t5sion ( ! muscles1 & n1 z 9 erect /ature1 by ! bony framework40--,!ory & ,practice ( ! ,movem5t-,cure1 p4 #ge4 ,! position "h describ$ is an approa* to t assum$ by old p--^? 8b5t ov] by age0--:o are unable f weakness to /& upright4 ,! abdom9al muscles are relax$1 ! *e/ s9ks1 ! head falls =w>d1 & ! sp9e adapts itself by b5d+ at ! neck & %\ld]s4 ,! au?or goes on to %[ t ^! effects are felt m s5sibly by wom5 ?an by m51 & t _! diseases & weaknesses are ?us r5d]$ m aggravat$1 & ! complete cure ( !m ret>d$ or prev5t$ by ! we>+ ( high heels4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,miscellane\s--,criticism ( ,diff]5t ,=ms & ,fa%ions--,ela/icity--,s5sitiv5ess--,rub b]s & ,wat]-pro( ,lea!r--,cure = ,sweat+--,qualities ( a good ,cov]+4 ,x has be5 said t fa%ion %\ld nev] be all[$ to *ange ! %ape ( ! sole1 or int]f]e ) ! =m ( ! la/s us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! foot's cov]+s4 ,?is re/riction1 h[ev]1 does n apply to ! mat]ials ( :i* !y are made1 nor ! =m into :i* ! upp]s may be cut4 ,! latt] may be ( a great v>iety ( =ms1 & ! mat]ial ( almo/ any k9d or quality1 & ( all col\rs & descriptions ( ornam5tation4 ,yet !re are _m p>ticul>s t are matt]s ( /yle n[1 :i* w give way to some?+ diff]5t 9 ano!r ye>1 or 9 two or ?ree ye>s4 ,ea* ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( boots has c]ta9 peculi> advantages :i*1 9 addition to its be+ fa%ionable1 contribute to make x popul>4 ,! side-spr+ boot1 t has be5 a fav\rite s long1 seldom slips at ! heel1 & ?is is a decid$ly good po9t2 x also1 by fitt+ closely at ! ankles1 gives a feel+ ( snugness & security :i* is com=table1 :ile x admits ( p]fect fre$om 9 all movem5ts ( ! ankle 9 walk+4 ,!re is less tr\ble 9 putt+ x on & (f ?an ) mo/ o!r descriptions ( boots & %oes :i* is a recomm5dation to _m p :o value "t or dislike extra lab\r4 ,! ,balmoral boot = ladies has its recomm5dation 9 its sup]iority ( fit4 ,?is has made1 & keeps x1 a fav\rite1 caus+ x to be m g5]ally worn ?an any o!r4 ,! m>9] ( lac+ enables ! we>] to draw x smoo? & snug ov] ! in/ep & ar\nd ! heel & ankle--an advantage possess$ by no o!r1 except1 p>tially1 by ! side-lac$ boot2 :i* is likely to come aga9 into fav\r4 ,! ,poli% boot takes ! place ( ! ,balmoral :5 a great] height ^u ! leg is requir$4 ,!re is no o!r diff]5ce 9 its =m1 & ! quality ( fit is ! same4 ,its wor/ disadvantage is ! am\nt ( "t requir$ 9 lac+ & unlac+ x1 al?\gh1 :5 made ( ?ick lea!r1 x may h a slight cramp+ effect ^u ! muscles ( ! ankle4 ,! ,button boot1 (t5 call$ ! ,hung>ian1 :5 cut high l ! ,poli%1 is at ?is "t ! mo/ fa%ionable4 ,x is q z h&some1 b has n usually ! neatness ( fit :i* ! ,balmoral possesses4 ,"o /yle1 n g5]ally introduc$1 b ( :i* a pair has be5 made occasionally1 is sup]ior to ! ,poli% or ,hung>ian 9 t !re is only half z mu* tr\ble 9 lac+4 ,x may be made v high--?irte5 in*es1 if desir$--be+ lac$ or button$ ab\t z f> up z ! ,balmoral1 :5 ! upp] "p ( "o qu>t] is fold$ ov] pa/ ! op5+1 & fa/5$ ) two or ?ree h&some clasps atta*$ to ela/ic /raps1 :i* give & retract suffici5tly to accommodate ! action ( ! leg1 :ile at ! same "t ! leg is snugly fitt$4 ,?is is a good heavy w9t] boot = ladies1 :]e an extreme height or l5g? ( leg is 9 dem&4 ,! ,highl& buckle is simil> to x1 ! "p t laps ov] be+ fa/5$ ) "o inela/ic /rap4 ,we h also notic$ a high boot made ) gores l ! side-spr+--"o at ! ankle & two above on ea* side--:i* w\ld seem to be a v conv5i5t ?+ to put on1 b "o t ne$s ! be/ gores to make x s]viceable4 ,x is n probable t ei!r ( ^! v>ieties w be ext5sively popul>4 ,! fir/ is ( ! ?ree ! mo/ des]v+4 ,! quality ne$$ by all lac$1 buckl$1 or button$ boots is ela/icity at ! leg1 ankle1 or in/ep1 su* z is possess$ at "o po9t--! ankle--by ! side-spr+4 ,a great advantage w\ld be ga9$ if ?is ela/icity c\ld be ext5d$ d[n ev5 to ! ball or jo9t4 ,"o purpose ( x is to give free play to ! muscles ( ! leg & ankle1 & also all[ ! foot to l5g!n & spread )\t h9drance z its ar*es exp& "u ! weight ( ! body 9 walk+ or /&+s & ano!r is to keep ! upp] closely drawn ov] all p>ts ( ! foot1 ankle1 & leg1 :5 ! ar*es are contract$ & ! muscles inactive1 z 9 a /ate ( re/2 bo? objects--ease to ! foot & beauty ( fit--be+ secur$ by ! same means4 ,buckle & button boots = g5tlem51 ) ?is quality suppli$ at ! ankle by a n>r[ gor+ on "o side ( x1 :ile ! buckles or buttons are on ! o!r side1 h lately be5 made4 ,! gor$ ,ox=d %oe supplies ! ela/icity at ! in/ep4 ,p]haps "s o!r /yle c be inv5t$ t w d z mu* = ! ball & transv]se ar* z ^! k9ds h done = ! p>ts above4 ,any boot or %oe ) ?is peculi>ity is sup]ior to ! same ?+ )\t x4 ,x mu/ n1 ( c\rse1 be suppos$ t su* a %oe w fit a ?ick or a slim foot equally well1 = ! ela/ic may be too tight = ease 9 "o case1 & too loose = a good fit 9 ! o!r4 ,9 connection ) ?is matt]1 /rong ela/ic cords = laces are sugge/$ z wor?y ( a trial 9 ,balmoral & ,poli% boots4 ,if successful1 !y accompli% ! same result z ela/ic gor+1 &1 besides1 may be drawn tightly or loosely to meet ! defect ( ! boot1 or suit ! conv5i5ce or ta/e ( ! we>]4 ,clo? & lea!r mat]ials are jo9$ toge!r 9 ladies' "w 9 all sorts ( proportions4 ,9 reg>d to ?is practice x may be said t ^? k9ds ( %oes 9 :i* ! high] "p is made ( clo? or la/+1 & ! l[] & =w>d p>ts ( lea!r1 are to be pref]r$ = "o reason3 ! s(t] "p at ! ankle all[s ( m fre$om & ease to ! muscles1 :ile ! lea!r bel[ s]ves all ! purposes x w\ld if ext5d+ ?r\gh\t1 & ?us ! advantages ( bo? are comb9$4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 mak+ ?is union1 :atev] ! cut ( ! boot may be--:e!r gor$1 lac$1 or button$4 ,t5d] feet may f9d :at suits _! wants 9 ! s(t] k9ds ( kid & morocco1 :5 clo? is n pref]r$4 ,!re is no reason :y a woman's boot1 ?\gh a heavy "o1 %\ld be h>d & /iff2 z a good quality ( oil$ morocco1 pebbl$ calf1 or calf-kid lea!r1 to be obta9$ almo/ any:]e1 w commonly be f\nd pliable en\gh1 ev5 = mod]ately s5sitive corns4 ,/ill m s(tness may be giv5 by d\ble l9+s ( flannel4 ,!re is no lea!r worn by ladies t is wat]-pro(1 & t quality ought n to be expect$4 ,_! heavie/ boots are made ) a d\ble sole & d\ble upp]1 :i* give additional w>m?1 & protect aga9/ ord9>y dampness4 ,b ! only ?+ !y h z a sure protection aga9/ wet is rubb]4 ,rubb] s&als or %oes = ! sidewalk or a ra9y day1 & high rubb] boots = sn[1 are a complete security4 ,m5 are1 9 ?is respect1 bett] provid$ =4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( lea!r worn by !m :i*1 if saturat$ ) grease or special prep>ations1 w be wat]-pro(1 ?\gh expos$ = a consid]able "t4 ,!y h ! b5efit ( rubb] besides4 ,! ,napoleon tongu$ boot1 = a heavy "o1 is suppos$ to h a sup]iority ( fit ab\t ! ankle1 & is m ta/eful 9 a g5]al way4 ,! d\ble-foot$ boot is consid]$1 ) "s reason1 to be w>m] ?an a s+le "o ( ! same ?ickness4 ,= m5's feet t are v s5sitive to cold1 p]haps ! be/ ?+ is a d\bl$ boot1 hav+ ! inside "p1 or foot-l9+1 made ( fur-calf--calf sk9 dress$ ) ! hair on--or "s o!r k9d ( fur4 ,arctic ov]%oes are v excell5t = rid+ 9 cold wea!r1 provid$ !y are n too small4 ,cork soles1 cov]$ ) wool or flannel1 = ei!r sex1 are ano!r help t[>d keep+ ! feet w>m1 ) :i*1 9 addition to flannel l9+s & o!r provisions1 ! mo/ cold-foot$ ought to be tol]ably com=table4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be expect$ to keep ! feet w>m 9 any k9d ( a cov]+ t is tight4 ,b z ?is k9d ( s5sitiv5ess is1 9 heal?y p]sons1 v mu* a matt] ( habit1 x is p]haps q z well = su* to accu/om !mselves to we>+ an ord9>y d\bl$ boot ?r\gh ! w9t]1 unless mu* expos$1 & put on a light boot1 %oe1 or gait] = ! summ]4 ,appropriat5ess & adaptation to wea!r or circum/ances are always to be consid]$4 ,a heavy lea!r boot ) d\ble sole is z mu* out ( place & "t 9 a w>m day1 z a light clo? gait] 9 a sn[-/orm4 ,:ile ! latt] w\ld expose ! foot unnecess>ily1 ! fir/1 besides be+ uncom=table1 keeps ! foot 9 an unnaturally s5sitive condition4 ,x is n int5d$ to make any sugge/ions to invalids4 ,we only /ate ! well-kn[n rule t exposure to cold makes ! feet1 or any o!r "p ( ! body1 m h>dy1 :5 !re is an ord9>y /ate ( heal?1 or suffici5t blood 9 ! sy/em to be easily drawn to ! surface by ?is dem&4 ,:]e !re is too little vitality = ?is1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! p]son or ! c\nsel ( ! physician is ! be/ guide4 ,s also 9 reg>d to dampness or wett+ ! feet4 ,:ile mak+ no law = sickly or feeble con/itutions1 x seems to u v evid5t t ! m (t5 ! feet are expos$ to damp or wet1 ! great] ! ability acquir$ by ! sy/em to resi/ x2#ab & t :5 ! feet happ5 to get wet only occasionally1 ! consequ5ces ( ! exposure are proportionately m s]i\s4 ,x is probable t if c>e 7 tak5 to keep ! feet com=tably w>m :5 wet1 ei!r by ex]cise1 z 9 walk+1 or 9 "s o!r mann]1 !re w\ld be v little dang] f ! wet alone1 unless 9 cases ( invalid feebl5ess1 or :]e !y 7 damp5$ s seldom t ! intellig5ce ( ! physical sy/em 0 unprep>$ = su* an occurr5ce4 ,"o ( ! well-e/abli%$ facts ( physiology is t any?+ worn ^u ! feet :i*1 l rubb] or pat5t lea!r1 prev5ts ! pass+ (f ( ! ins5sible p]spiration1 is detrim5tal to ! heal?4 ,^? :o reg>d ! organic laws z hav+ any sacr$ness1 w n use pat5t lea!r boots cov]+ ! :ole foot1 = con/ant we>1 b limit !m to p>ticul> occasions4 ,rubb]s ought to be remov$1 & some?+ else sub/itut$ 9 _! place1 z soon z ! feet come out ( ! wet :i* occasions _! be+ put on4 ,! same is true ( all boots t are wat]-pro(4 ,!y %\ld be worn only :5 times ( exposure make !m necess>y4 ,?is is suffici5tly well kn[n ) reg>d to rubb]s2 b few "k t lea!r boots are objectionable1 = ! same reason1 9 proportion z !y are wat]tight4 ,!re are comp>atively few ( !m :i* are p]fectly s2 yet !re are _m1 :i*1 worn z !y are1 day aft] day1 9 dry wea!r z well z wet1 mu/1 by reta9+ a l>ge "p ( ! foot's p]spiration1 h an unheal?ful effect4 ,x is a good practice to ba! ! feet aft] remov+ a pair ( wat]-pro( boots :i* h be5 worn dur+ ! day4 ,) _m m5 ?is is a necessity1 & x w\ld be su* ) _m m if !y knew all ! requirem5ts ( ! laws ( hygi5e1 to say no?+ ( any o!r reason4 ,to give ! boots !mselves a wa%+-out occasionally might be advantage\s4 ,! feet mu/ be all[$ to p]spire naturally1 or ! sk9 9 "s o!r "p is liable to be ov]task$2 & x is /at$ by m$ical au?orities t sk9 diseases h be5 produc$ by neglect ( ! feet 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,! foll[+ cure = abnormal sweat+ ( ! feet is tak5 f "o ( our fir/-class p]iodicals2#ac & f ! nature ( ! rem$y x w\ld seem t x ought to h ! effect indicat$4 8,pulv]iz$ tann9 spr9kl$ inside ! boots or %oes 9 ?ree days prev5ts t5d] feet f p]spir+ & bli/]+4 ,tann+ ?us appli$1 rapidly /r5g!ns & h>d5s ! sk91 s(t5$ by ! simultane\s action ( moi/ure & heat2 p]spiration be+ ?us r$uc$ to ! prop] degree1 )\t its heal?y action be+ 9 ! slighte/ int]f]$ )1 ! exhalations z a matt] ( c\rse cease to be (f5sive4 ,! cessation ( disagreeable od\rs is expla9$ by ! fact t ! products ( ! ammoniacal decomposition ( ! sk9 are imm$iately comb9$ ) ! tann9 & s c>ri$ (f40 ,rubb]-sol$ %oes = ladies1 ) lea!r or o!r mat]ial = ! upp]s1 h be5 manufactur$ to a slight ext5t2 &1 z f> z we "k1 are a success4 ,! objection on acc\nt ( heal? does n apply to !m s]i\sly1 because ! rubb] is at ! bottom4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 an uncom=table effect may be produc$ ^u ! sole ( ! foot4 ,wat]-pro( s]ge or la/+1 also1 is among ! late inv5tions4 ,x is claim$ to be suffici5tly por\s to all[ ! escape ( p]spiration1 yet wat]-pro( "u all ord9>y exposure4 ,! two qualities are incompatible & if really wat]-pro( x is only fit1 l rubb]1 to be worn occasionally4 ,clo? mat]ials ( diff]5t k9ds h be5 mu* worn4 ,!y p]mit a p>tial sav+ ( lea!r1 & are equally h&some4 ,!y are light1 s(t1 may be made suffici5tly w>m1 & are f> m fav\rable to heal?4 ,!y answ] ne>ly e requirem5t = a good %oe1 except ! def5ce aga9/ dampness2 & _! we>+ ought to be enc\rag$4 ,! defect nam$ mu/ be suppli$ by rubb]s4 ,ne>ly all ! co>s] & *eap] k9ds ( m5's %oe goods h ! bad quality ( g5]al /iffness4 ,_! we>+ makes1 9 a v decid$ & prop] s5se1 /iff feet4 ,!y are all ! worse = hav+ pegg$ soles4 ,:e!r ! soles are curv$ or /raight makes n mu* diff]5ce1 = ! /iffness prev5ts ! use ( ei!r ! upp] or l[] set ( ! foot's muscles4 ,z ^! goods c n be g5]ally manufactur$ at ! pres5t "t )\t be+ made /iff by pegs1 9 addition to ! firmness ( ! lea!r1 !re is b little *ance = improvem5t4 ,^? oblig$ to we> !m are advis$ to d s only s f> z !y are compell$1 & to keep ! upp] p>ts 9 z pliable a condition z possible by frequ5t applications ( oil4 ,x is to be hop$ t some?+ s(t] w "s "t take _! place4 ,! value ( all ^! v>i\s /yles1 & ( any o!r t may come up h]eaft]1 may be te/$ by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! foll[+ g5]al qualities3 suffici5t porosity ( ! upp] to admit ! passage ( ! ins5sible p]spiration2 s(tness & pliability suffici5t to all[ ( ease & com=t to ! foot 9 all its movem5ts2 flexibility & ela/icity t w yield to accommodate ! action ( ! muscles at ! ankle & top ( ! foot1 yet draw ! upp] tight en\gh to fit smoo?ly2 g5]al good %ape & proportion2 flexibility ( sole2 /r5g? = protection & s]vice4 ,! m ( ^! !re c be comb9$ into any species ( foot-clo?+ ! bett] w ! foot be protect$ & pres]v$1 & at ! lea/ exp5se ( money & tr\ble 9 proportion to ! b5efit ga9$4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,bill+1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,guild=d1 ,,surrey4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,x may become an important problem to ! physiologi/ & physician to det]m9e :e!r ! same law does n hold good 9 respect to :atev] is naturally injuri\s to ! human con/itution 9 any way1 s long z its resi/+ p[] is n ov]balanc$4 ,if all k9ds ( unheal?y conditions1 surr\nd+s1 & exposures c be made to produce ! good effects ( heal?ful /imulation :5 made use ( to ! prop] ext5t1 h[ev] little t may be1 :ile only pa/ t limit !y become de/ructive1 !n a *ange w come ov] a great _m notions & practices4 ,"s facts are reconcil$ by su* a !ory :i* are o!rwise q contradictory4 #ac ,appleton's ,j\rnal--dep>tm5t devot$ to ,sci5ce4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #ba ,*ang$3 :i* is exc$+ly t5d] & pa9ful to3 :i* is exce$+ly t5d] & pa9ful pg #bg ,*ang$3 x inv>ibly has & mu/ h to3 x inv>iably has & mu/ h pg #abi ,*ang$3 ,! 8,hydropa?ic ,enclyclopdia0 recomm5ds to3 ,! 8,hydropa?ic ,encyclopdia0 recomm5ds