,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,,pott]y ,,decoration ,,"u ,,! ,,glaze4 ,,by ,m4 ,,l\ise ,mc,l,a,u,g,h,l,i,n4 ,,c9c9nati3 ,,rob]t ,,cl>ke ,,co4 #ahhj4 ,,copyright4 ,m4 ,,l\ise ,mc,l,a,u,g,h,l,i,n4 #ahhj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,preface4 v ,,introduction4 vii ,,*apt] ,i4 xiii ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #bh ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #cf ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #da ,,*apt] ,v4 #fh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #gi ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #he ,,preface4 ,x has be5 ) "s hesitation t ,i h und]tak5 to write a manual on ! decoration ( pott]y "u ! glaze4 ,?is feel+ 0 caus$ by ! fe> t ,i %\ld n be able to treat ! subject 9 z compreh5sive1 z well z compreh5sible1 a mann] z x des]v$4 ,nev]!less1 9 an exp]i5ce ( m ?an two ye>s1 *iefly sp5t 9 exp]im5t+ on diff]5t me?ods ( "u-glaze decoration1 ,i h le>n$ "s ?+s :i* may be ( use to o!rs1 & h ?\ght t a treatise ^u ! subject f an unpr(essional1 yet practical /&po9t1 might h its place 9 ! lit]ature ( c]amics :i* has n[ become s ext5sive4 ,let x be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! foll[+ pages !re has be5 no attempt to deal ) ! occult my/]ies ( ! pott]'s art1 b simply to give an acc\nt ( results atta9$ & facts acquir$1 e "o ( :i* c be v\*$ = z a record ( actual exp]i5ce4 ,i w\ld l "h to express my s5se ( indebt$ness to ! pott]s :o h1 by _! c\rtesy & att5tion1 contribut$ to ^! results1 & p>ticul>ly to ,mr4 ,joseph ,bailey1 ,sr41 ( ! pott]y ( ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,dallas1 ^: intellig5t co-op]ation & valuable advice h be5 ( ! greate/ s]vice4 ,walnut ,hills4 ,c9c9nati1 ,may1 #ahhj4 ,,introduction4 ,! decoration ( pott]y "u ! glaze (f]s opportunity = ! production ( "w1 beautiful & arti/ic 9 a high degree1 & 9 its simpl] =ms gives to ^? :o d n aspire to ! high] art1 a mo/ fasc9at+ & labor-rew>d+ /udy4 ,i c n1 h[ev]1 assure ^? :o wi% to ent] ! doma9 ( decorative art by ?is int]e/+ road1 t !y w f9d ! way /rewn ) roses4 ,on ! contr>y1 disc\ragem5ts are likely to occur s frequ5tly t x is only by ! ex]cise ( a consid]able am\nt ( pati5ce & p]sev]ance t any advance c be made4 ,b su* are ! attractions ( ! "w t its en?usia/ic vot>ies w n be det]r$ f its prosecution by any difficulties 9 ! way1 & if imm$iate & p]fect success c n be assur$1 an exce$+ly int]e/+ occupation w be reveal$ to ! le>n]1 & to ! e>ne/ work] c be promis$ ! rew>d ( fai?ful labor4 ,i w\ld l "h to insi/1 h[ev]1 ^u ! necessity ( a ?or\gh & s]i\s /udy ( draw+ z a prep>ation = ?is z well z = all decorative "w1 & to ent] a mo/ emphatic prote/ aga9/ ! !ory :i* seems to prevail 9 "s qu>t]s1 t any "o c pa9t ^u pott]y acceptably4 ,) little prep>ation o!r ?an ! possession ( "s colors1 bru%es1 clays1 & pieces ( pott]y1 ! devotee ( art ent]s ^u ! "w ( decorat+ 787 pott]y4 ,alas6 disfigur+ x1 = x is a lam5table fact t ( ! pott]y n[ be+ pa9t$ by amateurs 7"s ( ! "w by pr(essional decorators might also be includ$7 a v l>ge proportion has its value dim9i%$ r ?an enhanc$ by ! "w put ^u x4 ,?is w\ld n be s frequ5tly ! case if ! scope ( ! "w 7 limit$ to ! capacity ( ! work]4 ,we see e day1 attempts1 9 :i* ! failure to rea* ! po9t aim$ at is absurdly obvi\s1 :]e1 if ! ef=t _h be5 less ambiti\s 9 its aim1 ! result w\ld n only be less an object ( ridicule1 b ( f> m intr9sic value4 ,9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( human h&iwork1 "s natural capacity1 z well z a c]ta9 am\nt ( tra9+1 is consid]$ necess>y to successful practice1 b1 9 art1 su* is ! ignorance ( ! g5]al public1 any "o is ?\ght eligible to ! pr(ession ( an arti/1 & mu* passes "u ! "n ( art1 :i* has no claim to t honorable title4 ,i d n wi% to disc\rage ^? :o are will+ to ent] into ?is pursuit z humble1 pati5t le>n]s1 b to w>n ^?1 :o are eag] to obta9 at once ! rew>ds only giv5 to ye>s ( fai?ful /udy1 ( ! futility ( _! desires4 ,x is p]haps idle1 h[ev]1 to w>n or to advise !m4 ,! consci\sness ( _! folly w only come to !m aft] exp]i5ce1 & k ga9$ f failure1 %all h giv5 !m "s compreh5sion ( ! difficulties :i* _! ignorance prev5t$ !m f see+4 ,9 art1 z 9 all o!r pursuits1 !re is no royal road to excell5ce1 & ^? :o d n ?9k x necess>y to le>n ! rudim5ts be=e attempt+ ! high] bran*es1 w le>n to _! co/1 if !y are capable ( le>n+ any ?+1 t no?+ 0 ga9$ by leav+ out ^! /epp+ /ones 9 _! progress4 ,! "t is nev] missp5t :i* is devot$ to hone/1 well-direct$ ef=ts 9 acquir+ ! art ( draw+4 ,! excuse s (t5 (f]$1 t ! practice ( ! art is only int5d$ z an amusem5t1 & t !re=e x is unnecess>y to und]go ! drudg]y ( le>n+ x ?or\ghly1 is "o :i* is unwor?y4 ,to ^? :o (f] x ,i w\ld say1 pray amuse y\rselves ) some?+ else r ?an an art1 into :i*1 to obta9 ev5 an insight1 dem&s ! be/ t any "o c give4 ,^! rem>ks apply z well to ! decoration ( pott]y z to any o!r dep>tm5t ( art "w4 ,al?\gh f its peculi> nature & v>i\s uses ?is mat]ial yields itself to _m & v>i$ /yles ( decoration1 yet ?is decoration1 h[ev] simple1 mu/ be plann$ & execut$ accord+ to s\nd pr9ciples1 to be ( any arti/ic value4 ,! be/ prep>ation = ! "w ( decorat+ pott]y1 !re=e1 is a ?or\gh k ( draw+ & an und]/&+ ( ! laws :i* gov]n all decorative art4 ,s\rces ( in=mation ^u ^! subjects1 drawn f compet5t in/ruction1 books & p]iodicals1 are daily becom+ m num]\s & accessible1 & "o :o desires to practice ! k9d ( decorative art we are n[ consid]+1 %\ld cultivate 8 ta/e & augm5t 8 skill by ^! means1 & especially by close /udy ( nature 9 all its v>i\s =ms4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t ! /ud5t w be enabl$ to accompli% "w :i* w be a s\rce ( pleasure & pr(it to himself & o!rs4 ,,pott]y ,,decoration ,,"u ,,! ,,glaze4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,pott]y4 ,we w consid] 9 ?is *apt] "s facts 9 reg>d to pott]y1 :i*1 al?\gh ( a v elem5t>y "*1 are n s g5]ally und]/ood z may be desirable4 ,^! facts relate to ! sub/ances ( :i* pott]y is compos$1 ! processes ( its manufacture1 & ! me?ods by :i* x is or c be decorat$4 ,two *emical sub/ances1 viz41 silica & alum9a =m ! basis ( all pott]y clays4 ,^! sub/ances are !mselves infusible 7except "u ! comp\nd bl[-pipe71 b by admixture ) o!r mat]ials m susceptible to ! action ( heat1 !y are made useful to ! pott]'s art1 &1 :5 subject$ to a high temp]ature1 fuse & =m ! h>d1 insoluable comb9ation ) :i* we are all famili>4 ,porcela91 & ! f9] k9ds ( e>!n-w>e1 are made f clays artificially comb9$ ( v>i\s natural elem5ts1 9 su* a mann] z to produce ! qualities desir$1 :ile ! co>s] w>es are g5]ally made f clays 9 a natural or unmix$ /ate4 ,^! clays agree 9 _! ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 b conta9 o!r elem5ts :i* cause c]ta9 diff]5ces ( color1 susceptibility to heat1 pla/icity1 etc4 ,! diff]5ces1 !re=e1 :i* exi/ betwe5 ! _m k9ds ( pott]y manufactur$1 may be said to be due1 n s mu* to a div]sity ( ! mat]ials us$1 z to ! *anges produc$ by ! comb9ation ( ! same mat]ials 9 v>y+ proportions4 ,x is unnecess>y t we %\ld "h ent] into ! details ( ! mixture ( diff]5t pott]y clays1 = :i* ea* manufactory has its own =mula4 ,a few words1 indicat+1 9 a g5]al way1 ! causes ( c]ta9 easily-recognizable qualities1 w suffice4 ,! peculi> beauty & transluc5cy ( f9e porcela91 is due to an excess ( silica1 or ! vitre\s elem5t ( pott]y1 9 its composition4 ,?is is atta9$ by ! use ( kaol91 a f9e1 :ite clay1 produc$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( natural causes 9 ! decomposition ( feldsp>1 :i* is itself a silicate ( alum9a1 & "o ( ! pr9cipal +r$i5ts ( granitic rocks4 ,9 porcela91 x may be said1 t ! proportion ( silica to alum9a is ab\t ?ree to "o1 & ! o!r +r$i5ts1 su* z iron1 pota%1 *alk1 & soda1 exi/ only 9 su* quantities z are necess>y to cause ! fusion ( ! two fir/-m5tion$ elem5ts4 ,x is fir$ b slightly ! fir/ "t4 ,?is leaves ! body ( ! w>e v s(t & por\s1 & ^u ! application ( ! glaze ! latt] is absorb$ into ! body1 & by its action ^u ! mat]ials compos+ x1 produces a transluc5t effect4 ,we ref]1 "h1 to ,fr5* porcela94 ,9 ! manufacture ( ,engli% *9a1 ! process is radically diff]5t4 ,! la/-m5tion$ w>e is sometime spok5 ( z 8bone *9a40 ,?is t]m has ref]5ce to ! use ( bones f :i* ! lime requir$ 9 its manufacture is obta9$4 ,?is elem5t produces a transluc5t quality 9 ! body ( ! w>e indep5d5tly ( ! action ( ! glaze1 :i* 9 ?is case =ms m]ely a coat+ ^u ! surface ( ! previ\sly h>d bak$ body4 ,e>!nw>e possesses less ( ! vitre\s elem5t1 & ! fir/ fir+ is cont9u$ until ! w>e becomes s d5se t x w n absorb ! glaze1 & ! body rema9s opaque4 ,! t]m pott]y1 is m /rictly applicable to ! k9d ( w>e la/ m5tion$4 ,x is to ?is t especial ref]5ce w be made 9 ! foll[+ pages1 9 describ+ me?ods ( manufacture & decoration4 ,e>!nw>e is ( v>i\s colors1 rang+ f pure :ite1 ?r\gh ! cream :ite & cream-color$ w>es to decid$ yell[1 & la/ly r$4 ,! clays c also be artificially color$1 & *anges 9 color are also produc$ by diff]5t degrees ( temp]ature 9 fir+4 ,ord9>ily ! process ( fir+ produces a mat]ial *ange 9 ! color ( clay4 ,?us1 a grey-t9t$ clay w assume a bright1 yell[ color1 & a dull br[n1 gre51 or blue w be *ang$ to a bright brick-r$1 "u ! action ( ! fire4 ,! heat us$ 9 fir+ %\ld produce p>tial vitrification4 ,if a piece ( w>e has n be5 fir$ suffici5tly to produce t effect1 x is said to be 8s(t-bak$40 ,:ite e>!nw>e requires ! greate/ degree ( heat 9 fir+4 ,9 reg>d to ! w>es made f clays reta9+ ! colors produc$ by ! elem5ts :i* !y conta91 9 a natural /ate1 x may be said t ! am\nt ( heat necess>y = prop] fir+1 decreases ) ! dep? ( color4 ,?is rule1 al?\gh x may accurately indicate ! temp]ature at :i* any giv5 clay %\ld be fir$1 is simply artificial1 except 9 s f> z ! dep? ( color %[s ! pres5ce ( an am\nt ( =eign matt]1 :i* by its action increases ! fusibility ( ! clay4 ,r$ clay1 be+ v susceptible to heat1 is commonly us$ z a te/ 9 ! fir+ ( :ite w>e4 ,! same clay w *ange 9 ! process f light r$ to d>k br[n1 & s enable ! exp]i5c$ fireman to det]m9e ! degree ( heat exi/+ 9 ! kiln4 ,clays %\ld be prep>$ = ! mak+ ( pott]y by c>eful sift+1 dissolv+ 9 wat]1 &1 z a f9al precaution1 /ra9+ ?r\gh sieves made ( f9e1 silk lawn4 ,9 ?is way all =eign p>ticles are remov$1 & ! clay1 hav+ atta9$ ! consi/5cy ( d\gh1 is ready to be mold$ into ! %apes desir$4 ,?is is done 9 molds made ( pla/] ( p>is1 or x is 8?r[n0 by ! h&s ( ! pott] on a turn+-:eel1 or1 aga91 by a comb9ation ( ^! processes4 ,be=e fir+1 ! w>e is said to be 9 ! 8gre5 /ate10 9 :i* condition x passes f 8wet0 to 8h>d gre510 & f9ally to 8:ite10 :5 x is ready to be fir$4 ,if fir$ be=e x has become suffici5tly dry1 x w be liable to crack1 or scale1 f ! sudd5 expansion ( ! moi/ure conf9$ 9 ! clay4 ,:5 dry1 x is plac$ 9 8segg>s10 or boxes1 made ( fire-clay1 :i* are pil$ ^u ea* o!r 9 a kiln1 con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( fir+ ! w>e4 ,dur+ ! process ( dry+ & fir+1 ! clay loses a c]ta9 portion ( its bulk4 ,! am\nt ( ?is %r9kage v>ies 9 diff]5t clays1 b ord9>ily may be said to be ab\t "o-eigh?4 ,a piece ( w>e1 !re=e1 made f clay :i* exhibits ?is degree ( %r9kage1 w\ld be "o-eigh? small] aft] fir+ ?an be=e4 ,! %r9kage is also modifi$ by ! degree ( heat to :i* ! clay has be5 subject$ 9 fir+1 & !re w sometimes be a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! size ( two pieces ( w>e1 made f ! same clay1 & ( equal size be=e fir+1 aft] hav+ be5 fir$ at diff]5t temp]atures4 ,! l5g? ( "t consum$ 9 fir+1 v>ies ) ! qualities ( ! diff]5t w>es4 ,9 ! manufacture ( :ite e>!nw>e1 ! fir+ la/s f ?irty to =ty h\rs1 :ile ! m common k9ds ( w>e require less "t4 ,9 kilns ( ord9>y size1 a ?\s& doz5 pieces ( w>e are frequ5tly fir$ at once4 ,( c\rse1 consid]able "t is requir$ to place ! segg>s conta9+ ! w>e 9 ! kiln4 ,"s h\rs mu/ elapse be=e ! kiln & its cont5ts w become cool en\gh to p]mit its be+ op5$ ) safety1 s t ! fir+ ( h>d-bak$ pott]y may require two or ?ree days = its completion4 ,! fir/ fir+ complet$1 ! w>e is said to be 9 ! 8biscuit10 & is !n ready to be glaz$4 ,?is matt] ( glaz+ is a v important "o1 & ! success ( ! :ole v l>gely dep5ds ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! op]ation is p]=m$4 ,to insure a successful result !re mu/ be ! nice/ adaptation ( ! mat]ials compos+ ! glaze to ! body ( ! w>e4 ,! glaze = ea* k9d ( w>e mu/ be suit$ to its especial *>act]i/ics1 & x c !re=e be imag9$ t ! numb] ( glazes 9 use is v l>ge4 ,ea* pott]y has its own glaze & ! v>iety is inf9ite4 ,! glaze us$ ^u ! f9] k9ds ( e>!nw>e consi/s ( mat]ials simil> to ^? ( :i* ! body ( ! w>e is made1 ) ! addition ( boracic acid 7a p[]ful flux71 :i* ) a little lead r5d]s ! glaze fusible4 ,9 ! l[] grades ( w>e a l>g] am\nt ( lead is us$ = a flux1 & ?is causes ! glaze to fuse at ! comp>atively l[ temp]ature at :i* ^! w>es are fir$4 ,a glaze made ( mat]ials t fuse at an unusually l[ temp]ature is call$ a 8s(t0 glaze4 ,"s glazes are s s(t t1 :5 fir$1 !y c be easily scrat*$ by ! po9t ( a /eel in/rum5t4 ,! glaze ( good & durable w>es is1 h[ev]1 s h>d1 t ! po9t ( ! %>pe/ knife w make no impression on its surface4 ,! mat]ials ( :i* ! glaze is made1 are comb9$ 9 ! prop] proportions & dilut$ to =m a liquid ( ab\t ! consi/5cy & ! appe>ance ( cream4 ,! piece ( w>e is !n dipp$ c>efully into ! liquid1 & s skillfully manipulat$ t x is completely cov]$ ) a coat+ ( ! glaze ( ! necess>y ?ickness4 ,aft] hav+ be5 cov]$ ) ! glaze1 :i*1 be=e fir+1 has ! appe>ance ( an opaque :ite pa9t1 ! w>e is ready = ! second fir+4 ,?is is done 9 :at is call$ ! 8gloss0 kiln1 9 :i* ! heat is n br\ght to su* a high degree z 9 ! biscuit kiln1 b is suffici5t to fuse ! glaze1 & cause x to =m a glassy1 transp>5t surface1 :i* %\ld completely cov] ! body ( ! w>e1 & pres5t an equally brilliant appe>ance 9 e "p4 ,if ! glaze is n suit$ to ! body ( ! w>e1 & does n %r9k equally ) x1 its surface w soon pres5t a network ( f9e cracks4 ,a glaze 9 ?is condition is said to be 8craz$40 ,?is1 among pott]s1 is consid]$ a s]i\s fault1 & 9 w>e int5d$ = cook+ or table use1 is c]ta9ly v undesirable4 ,old ,japanese crackle-w>e1 9 :i* ?is condition is a di/+ui%+ feature1 is1 h[ev]1 mu* e/eem$1 & _m1 inde$1 ! majority ( ! ,japanese e>!rnw>es1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 display a surface ( f9e-crackl$ glaze1 :i* may n be said to detract f _! value z articles ( ornam5t4 ,a simil> effect is also se5 9 old pieces ( glaz$ w>e :i* h se5 long s]vice z cook+ ut5sils1 9 :i* case x has be5 ! natural result ( ! usage to :i* !y h be5 subject$4 ,9 "s mod]n w>es1 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 decorat$ "u ! glaze1 ?is defect is se54 ,9 ^! cases x has be5 caus$ by ! use ( a s(t] glaze ?an ! body ( ! w>e dem&$4 ,?is exp$i5t has be5 resort$ to 9 ord] t ! brilliancy & beauty ( ! colors might be pres]v$4 ,^! articles be+ int5d$ only = ornam5t1 beauty is m ( an object ?an durability1 & ?is defect ( glaze may be p]missible z ! means ( obta9+ m brilliant effects4 ,9 c]ta9 me?ods ( decoration ?is may be a necessity1 b ^! cases are exceptional & exp]i5ce leads me to believe t x is possible to obta9 beauty ( color+ ) a glaze :i* w rema9 intact4 ,x is to be hop$1 h[ev]1 t ) ! improvem5ts 9 mak+ colors ! "t may come :5 x w be possible to obta9 colors :i* w reta9 _! beauty "u ! degree ( heat necess>y to ! production ( an article :i* a practical pott] w\ld call a p]fect piece ( w>e4 ,pott]y c be decorat$ ei!r "u ! glaze1 ) ! glaze1 z 9 ! case ( majolica1 9 :i* ! color is effect$ by ! use ( color$ glazes & 9 ! decoration ( s(t porcela9 7pte-t5dre71 :]e ! pa9t+ is execut$ ^u ! unbak$ glaze1 &1 la/ly1 ov] ! glaze4 ,we w conc]n ourselves only ) ! fir/ ( ^! me?ods4 ,a few words1 h[ev]1 may n be out ( place "h1 ^u ! diff]5ces betwe5 ov] & "u glaze pa9t+1 :i* are frequ5tly comp>$ & z frequ5tly mi/ak5 = ea* o!r4 ,ov]-glaze pa9t+1 z is well kn[n1 is execut$ ^u ! glaz$ surface ( ! f9i%$ w>e ) vitrifiable colors hav+ en\gh flux or fusible mat]ial 9 _! composition to cause !m to fuse at a comp>atively l[ temp]ature1 & s become atta*$ to ! glaze4 ,"u-glaze decoration is effect$ by ! use ( colors :i* conta9 less flux1 & consequ5tly require a high] temp]ature = _! fusion4 ,x c be execut$ ei!r ^u ! w>e 9 ! 8gre50 /ate1 or1 z is m commonly ! case1 9 ! biscuit4 ,^! two me?ods ( pa9t+ diff] mat]ially 9 _! effects4 ,any "o famili> ) ^! effects c readily discov] :e!r a piece ( pott]y has be5 decorat$ ov] or "u ! glaze4 ,^? :o are n practically conv]sant ) ! two me?ods c be easily misl$1 & mi/akes are frequ5tly made by ^? :o %\ld "k bett]1 z to ! me?od employ$ 9 ! case ( a piece ( w>e 9 "q4 ,a c]ta9 delicacy ( t9t & firmness ( outl9e *>act]izes ov]glaze pa9t+1 :i* is easily recogniz$ by exp]ts1 b ^? :o c n di/+ui% betwe5 ! two me?ods by ?is means may asc]ta9 to :i* class ! decoration belongs by look+ aslant ! surface4 ,! glaze ^u ! pa9t$ portions ( a piece ( w>e decorat$ ov] ! glaze1 w n1 ev5 aft] ! mo/ p]fect fir+1 equal ! glaze ^u ! uncov]$ portions 9 brilliancy1 & !re w probably be c]ta9 inequalities ( surface betwe5 ! pa9t$ & unpa9t$ p>ts :i* w be reveal$ to ! t\*4 ,if ! decoration has be5 execut$ "u ! glaze ! surface w be uni=mly cov]$ ) a brilliant glaze4 ,( ! two1 und]glaze pa9t+ is probably ! mo/ difficult1 z ! colors are m liable to *ange "u ! action ( ! great heat to :i* ! w>e mu/ be subject$1 & ! f9al results be+1 !re=e1 some:at unc]ta91 c n be accurately c\nt$ ^u1 until exp]i5ce has be5 ga9$ f repeat$ failures4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ov]glaze pa9t+1 :ile n subject to ! *anges produc$ by ! fire1 to s great an ext5t1 is m difficult z reg>ds ! manipulation ( ! pa9t+ ^u ! glaz$ surface4 ,! facilities = ! practice ( ov]glaze pa9t+ are great] ?an ^? af=d$ = pa9t+ "u ! glaze1 :i* la/1 requires n only ! h&l+ ( an arti/ :o has acquir$ facile use ( ! bru% & "s exp]i5ce ( pott]y clays & colors1 b also ! assi/ance ( an intellig5t & skillful pott]4 ,let u n1 h[ev]1 laud "o me?od ( pa9t+ at ! exp5se ( ! o!r4 ,bo? are good 9 _! way1 & conf9$ )9 _! prop] limits1 h beauties peculi>ly _! own4 ,ov]glaze pa9t+ possesses a delicacy ( effect & a v>iety ( color :i* ! und]glaze decoration c n rival4 ,! latt] is1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ arti/ic z well z ! mo/ effective1 & l5ds itself m readily to ! uses ( decorative art & to ! mod]n ta/e 9 color4 ,x is ?is latt] me?od ( decorat+ pott]y :i* we w n[ consid] 9 "s ( its v>i\s =ms4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,colors ,,= ,,pa9t+ ,,"u ,,! ,,glaze4 ,colors = pa9t+ "u ! glaze are specially prep>$ = ! purpose f v>i\s metallic oxyds4 ,z m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 ! colors us$ "u ! glaze h less flux or fusible matt] 9 _! composition ?an ^? us$ = pa9t+ ov]glaze3 ?is is necess>y1 because 9 ! =m] ! colors are expect$ to be> a mu* great] degree ( heat 9 fir+ ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,!y are s prep>$ z n to fuse except at ! temp]ature requir$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! pott]y to :i* !y are appli$4 ,! v>iety ( und]glaze colors is less ?an t to be f\nd 9 ov]glaze colors1 z ! oxyds f :i* colors may be made :i* w /& s great a degree ( heat1 are few 9 numb]4 ,! oxyds f :i* ! colors are prep>$ are call$ ! bases ( ^! colors4 ,! colors us$ 9 und]glaze pa9t+ are made f ! foll[+ bases3 ,blue f ! oxyd ( cobalt4 ,co4 ,o4 ,gre5 f ! sesquioxyd ( *romium4 ,cr#b4 ,o#c4 ,br[ns f ! sesquioxyd commonly call$ ! p]oxyd ( iron1 ,fe#b4 ,o#c41 & f ! sesquioxyd ( manganese4 ,mn#b4 ,o#c4 ,yell[ f ! comp\nd ( titanium ) oxyg51 call$ titanic acid4 ,ti4 ,o#b4 ,black f ! oxyd ( uranium4 ,r$ f ! suboxyd1 or r$ oxyd ( copp]4 ,cu#b4 ,o4 ,we may add1 ^u ! au?ority ( ,m4 ,debette1 t 8pure black is obta9$ by tak+ #a "p ( oxyd ( uranium dilut$ 9 #bb p>ts ( glaze2 ord9>y black ) oxyd ( manganese or oxyd ( iridium2 blui% black ) a mixture ( oxyd ( cobalt & ( manganese1 & smoky grey ) *loride ( plat9um4 ,rose is obta9$ by dilut+1 9 glaze1 gold :i* has be5 dissolv$ 9 aqua regia4 ,= ! blues1 oxyd ( z9c & alum9a may be mix$ ) ! oxyd ( cobalt4 ,= gre5s may be mix$ oxyd ( cobalt & oxyd ( *romium40 ,! fluxes us$ = ^! bases are giv5 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs1 translat$ f ! ,encyclopdie-,roret3 8,! matt]s :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! fluxes & :i* cause ! adh]5ce ( ! metallic oxyds are qu>tz1 feldsp>1 borax & boracic acid1 nitre1 ! c>bonates ( pota% & ( soda1 r$ lead & li?>ge1 & oxyd ( bismu?4 ,at ,sevres1 !y employ1 = "u-glaze pa9t+1 sev5 k9ds ( fluxes1 :i* suffice = all ! colors4 ,! majority ( ^! fluxes are compos$ ( qu>tz1 oxyd ( r$ lead & ( boracic acid1 & to "s is add$ a small quantity ( c>bonate ( soda4 8,! sev5 fluxes ( ,sevres are1 fir/1 ! fl9t flux1 :i* is prep>$ by melt+ quickly 9 a crucible & !n fl[+ ^u a metallic plate a mixture ( #c p>ts ( r$ lead or ( li?>ge1 & #a "p ( ,etampes s&4 8,second4 ,! flux ( greys prep>$ ) #f p>ts ( r$ lead or li?>ge1 #b p>ts ( ,etampes s&1 & #a "p ( pulv]iz$ borax4 8,?ird4 ,! flux ( c>m9es is made ( #a "p r$ lead1 #c p>ts ( ,etampes s&1 & #e p>ts ( pulv]iz$ borax4 8,f\r?4 ,! flux ( purple is made ) #c p>ts ( r$ lead or ( li?>ge1 #a "p ( ,etampes s&1 & #e p>ts ( cry/alliz$ boracic acid4 8,fif?4 ,! flux ( violets is made ( #bg p>ts ( li?>ge or r$ lead1 #b p>ts ( ,etampes s&1 & #aa p>ts ( cry/alliz$ boracic acid4 8,six?4 ,! flux ( gre5s employ$1 z well z ! two prec$+ ,m4 ,salvetat1 0 prep>$ by him ) #h #a-i p>ts ( r$ lead or li?>ge1 #a "p ( ,etampes s&1 & #b p>ts ( cry/alliz$ boracic acid4 8,sev5?4 ,la/ ! flux ( ! metallic sub/ances1 :i* is ( sub-nitrate ( bismu?1 obta9$ by decompos+ 9 wat] ! nitrate ( ! acid ( bismu?1 to :i* is add$ #a-ab ( borax40 ,^! fluxes are mix$ ) ! basic oxyds 9 great] or less proportion1 accord+ z ! colors are int5d$ = "w1 :i* w require a great] or less degree ( heat 9 fir+4 ,und]glaze colors 9 p[d] suitable = pa9t+ on pott]y1 c be procur$ ( sev]al diff]5t manufactures4 ,z m5tion$ be=e1 ! v>iety ( ^! colors is n s great z is to be f\nd 9 ov]glaze colors1 b z !y c be readily mix$ ! numb] is suffici5t = all practical purposes4 ,9 my own "w ,i h made almo/ exclusive use ( ,fr5* colors1 ^? manufactur$ by ,m4 ,lacroix4 ,^! colors are f9ely gr\nd & ( consid]able v>iety ( t9t4 ,a li/ ( ^? :i* h be5 tri$ & f\nd to give satisfactory results1 may be giv5 "h3 ,blues--,bleu de ,roi 7,k+'s blue74 ,bleu violac 7violet blue74 ,light blue--,bleu myosotis 7,=get-me-n blue74 ,r$s--,r\ge ,t4 7,r$ ,t47 & ,r\ge ,p4 ,w4 ,c>m9e--,rose 7or ,p9k74 ,gre5s--,v]t fonc1 ,no4 #a 7d>k gre574 ,v]t t5dre 7light gre574 ,black--,noir4 ,br[ns--,brun fonc 7d>k br[n74 ,brun ,no4 #e 7,br[n ,no4 #e74 ,brun jaune 7yell[ br[n74 ,yell[--,jaune fonc 7d>k yell[74 ,grey--,gris clair 7light grey74 ,!re are _m o!rs1 b ^! are m5tion$ z among ^? t h be5 tri$ & f\nd to fire well1 & ! colors giv5 9 ?is li/ w be suffici5t = ! production ( all ! t9ts ne$$ 9 und]glaze pa9t+4 ,9 fai5ce pa9t$ aft] ! ,havil& me?od1 f9e :ite clay takes ! place ( :ite4 ,9 pa9t+ on ! biscuit :ite pa9t is sometimes us$4 ,?is c be procur$ ( ,engli% manufacture1 b is n1 ,i believe1 made by ,m4 ,lacroix4 ,! colors manufactur$ by ,messrs4 ,hancock ,sons1 ,worce/]1 ,engl&1 are also v satisfactory4 ,! t9ts ( ^! & ! colors ( o!r ,engli% manufactur]s corresponds ) ^? ( ,m4 ,lacroix1 :i* h be5 m5tion$4 ,! latt] manufactur]1 h[ev]1 furni%es a mu* great] v>iety ( colors1 & ! r$s especially are sup]ior to any ,engli% r$s ,i h se54 ,m4 ,lacroix's li/ includes at lea/ ?ree r$s1 "o ( :i*1 ,r\ge ,t41 c be reli$ ^u to produce z good a sc>let z is possible "u ! glaze1 :5 us$ "u ! prop] conditions4 ,! ,engli% c>m9es are v satisfactory4 ,! ,engli% gre51 call$ ,fr5* gre51 corresponds 9 t9t to t ( ,m4 ,lacroix1 call$ ,v]t fonc1 ,no4 #a1 :ile maz>9e blue1 ( ! ,worce/] & ,phillips manufactures1 & ,cobalt blue ( o!rs corresponds to ! ,bleu de ,roi ( ! ,fr5*1 & = "w on biscuit :ite w>e /&s ! fire r bett]4 ,! ,victoria gre51 ( ! ,worce/] colors1 is especially to be comm5d$ = a light gre5 :i* /&s ! fire rem>kably well4 ,phillips' ,engli% colors are also v good4 ,8 maz>9e blue1 especially1 is "o ( ! f9e/ blues ,i h ev] met )4 ,em]y's & ,h>rison's colors fire v well1 b are n s f9ely gr\nd z ! fir/ m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,pott]y ,,aft] ,,! ,,mann] ,,( ,,! ,,havil& ,,or ,,limoges ,,fai5ce4 ,?is me?od ( pa9t+ on pott]y is said to h be5 discov]$ by ,m4 ,laur91 at ,b\rg-la-re9e1 9 ! ye> #ahgc4 ,! process 0 aft]w>d adopt$ by ,m4 ,havil&1 & by him improv$ 9 su* mann] z to mat]ially *ange ! me?od1 z well z ! appe>ance ( ! pa9t+4 ,specim5s ( ! w>e 7 fir/ exhibit$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 9 ,philadelphia1 9 #ahgf4 ,! fir/ application ( a simil> /yle 9 ! decoration ( pott]y1 9 ?is c\ntry1 0 made by ! writ] 9 ,c9c9nati1 9 ,octob]1 #ahgg4 ,?is me?od ( decorat+ pott]y1 al?\gh n involv+ ! use ( any new pr9ciple1 0 yet s entirely novel an application ( pr9ciples already 9 use1 z to entitle ,m4 ,laur9 to all ! cr$it atta*+ to a v orig9al & important discov]y4 ,x places 9 ! h&s ( ! pa9t] ( pott]y a me?od at once s arti/ic1 & s ?or\ghly 9 accord ) ! mod]n s*ool1 z to awak5 a pr(\nd int]e/ 9 ! m9ds ( all lov]s ( art4 ,x is probable t !re are capabilities 9 ?is art t h n yet be5 br\ght out4 ,x is /ill 9 its infancy1 & t !re are 9 x possibilities ( mu* importance to ! arti/ic _w1 c h>dly be d\bt$4 ,if x 7 n = ! te*nical difficulties :i* surr\nd all "w on pott]y1 & ?is /yle 9 p>ticul>1 x w\ld (f] facilities = ! production ( works ( art unequal$ by any me?od h]et(ore 9 use4 ,x is ! hope ( ! writ] t ! foll[+ description ( ! me?od ( decorat+ pott]y1 9 ?is mann]1 may ?r[ "s light ^u ^! te*nical difficulties1 & also t arti/s ( ability may be induc$ to try x1 & s demon/rate ! capability x und\bt$ly possesses4 ,! m]e k ( ! mat]ials us$ w1 h[ev]1 no m produce arti/ic "w1 ?an a box ( ,w9sor ,newton's colors1 9 ! h&s ( a beg9n]1 w enable him to pa9t a picture1 equal to "o by ,titian4 ,to produce good "w 9 ?is me?od1 !re mu/ be a c]ta9 am\nt ( skill at ! comm& ( ! pa9t]1 j z ! same degree ( skill is requisite 9 ! production ( a good picture by any o!r me?od4 ,!re is a c]ta9 boldness ( effect produc$ by ! v nature ( ! mat]ials & process1 :i* probably w\ld n be se5 9 ! "w ( ! same p]son 9 o!r me?ods1 yet ! lack ( arti/ic feel+ & ability w be z pa9fully app>5t 9 ?is z 9 any o!r4 ,colors may be daub$ ^u pott]y1 z !y are1 alas6 ^u canvas1 by ^? ^: tra9+ & ^: feel+ = art w\ld h>dly fit !m to become good h\se pa9t]s2 b ! result w n be good art1 nor w x ev] be its own excuse = be+4 ,if o!r bran*es ( decorative art require ta/e1 k1 & practical skill1 s mu* ! m does ?is1 :5 x (f]s scope = ! highe/ capacity4 ,to ! arti/ ( ability suffici5t to make use ( x1 x furni%es a palette :i*1 al?\gh n ( ! same range z t ( oil colors1 yet af=ds an almo/ unlimit$ scale ( colors1 ea* ( :i* is enhanc$ to ! fulle/ degree by ! brilliant glaze1 ) :i* ! "w is f9i%$4 ,! pa9t+ execut$ ) ^! beautiful colors1 moreov]1 is practically un*angeable1 & none ( ! ravages ( "t1 %ort ( ! de/ruction ( ! piece ( w>e itself1 c affect x4 ,9 decorations = build+s1 or = ord9>y use 9 portraiture1 or ! high] =ms ( art1 x (f]s1 :at has long be5 desir$ among arti/s & art lov]s1 a me?od ( mak+ works ( art inde/ructible & beyond ! possibility ( *ange4 ,! w>e kn[n among deal]s "u ! "n ( 8b>bot9e10 has "s resemblance to t :i* we h be5 consid]+4 ,x has a light body1 :i* has be5 subject$ to a v slight fire1 & is cov]$ ) a s(t glaze1 :i* ensures great brilliancy ( color+4 ,! w>e1 h[ev]1 has no durability1 & is a sub/ance t w\ld n /& ! action ( ! elem5ts1 if us$ 9 ext]nal decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,pa9t+ ,,fai5ce ,,"u ,,! ,,glaze ,,) ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,body ,,color4 ,! me?od ( decorat+ pott]y "h describ$ is simil> 9 its effects to :at is kn[n z ! ,havil&1 or ,limoges fai5ce1 & is giv5 z ! result ( num]\s exp]im5ts made by ! writ]4 ,! f9i%$ "w pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a pa9t+ 9 oil1 to :i* a brilliant glaze has be5 appli$4 ,?is glaze n only r5d]s ! colors un*angeable1 b gives a beauty & effectiv5ess :i* c\ld be acquir$ 9 no o!r way4 ,!re is no?+ peculi> 9 reg>d to ?is glaze1 h[ev]1 ! only requisite be+ t x %\ld be suit$ to ! body ( ! w>e1 & t ! latt] & its glaze mu/ n require s great a degree ( heat 9 fir+ t ! colors %all be injur$4 ,?is matt] ( ! glaze has be5 almo/ uni=mly misrepres5t$ 9 acc\nts ( ! w>e :i* h be5 publi%$4 ,x has be5 said t ! peculi> effect ( ! "w 0 due to ! glaze1 & t ! secret ( mak+ x 0 n g5]ally kn[n4 ,?is is n at all true1 z ! results are due solely to ! peculi> me?od ( pa9t+1 & ! glaze is simply ! process by :i* x is f9i%$1 & be>s ! same relation to x z ! v>ni% does to ! pa9t+ 9 oil4 ,! "w w suff]1 ( c\rse1 if ?is "p ( x is n well p]=m$2 b ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! me?od consi/s n 9 ! glaze1 b 9 ! use ( clay1 :i* is mix$ ) color+ oxides1 capable ( be>+ a high degree ( heat 9 fir+1 & :i* gives !m body1 produc+ a ?ick impa/o 9 ! pa9t+4 ,! "w p>takes1 !re=e1 bo? ( ! nature ( pa9t+ & model+1 z ! high lights may be laid 9 s ?ickly z to produce an actual relief4 ,x is some:at difficult1 inde$1 almo/ impossible1 to give a correct idea ( ! palettes to be us$ 9 ?is k9d ( pa9t+4 ,if colors c\ld be procur$1 already prep>$ = use1 z oil pa9ts are1 & ^! colors _h ! same appe>ance aft] fir+ z be=e1 x w\ld be comp>atively an easy task4 ,z x is1 ! colors mu/ be mix$ ) clays 9 c]ta9 proportions1 &1 on acc\nt ( ! *ange produc$ by fir+1 ! proportions necess>y to produce ! int5sity ( color desir$1 c only be det]m9$ f exp]i5ce4 ,! result1 aft] ! "w is f9i%$1 diff]s f its appe>ance be=e fir+ to a great] ext5t ?an 9 any o!r k9d ( decoration ^u pott]y4 ,z a rule1 x may be said t ! colors are int5sifi$ by fir+4 ,?is is also true ( o!r k9ds ( "u-glaze pa9t+1 b n 9 s great a degree z 9 ! case 9 "q4 ,! h>monies & contra/s ( color c be kept only 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/1 & e "p ( ! "w mu/ be done ) a view to ! result :5 f9i%$1 :i*1 z has be5 said1 w diff] mat]ially f its appe>ance dur+ ! progress ( ! pa9t+4 ,exp]i5ce only1 c give an accurate idea ( ^! *anges4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n an insurm\ntable difficulty2 c>e & pati5ce add$ to ! requisite arti/ic ability1 w soon lead to satisfactory results4 ,be=e describ+ ! me?od ( pa9t+1 x may be well to consid] ! k9d ( clay ( :i* ! body ( ! w>e %\ld be made1 & ! /ate 9 :i* ! pa9t+ %\ld be appli$4 ,z to ! clay =m+ ! body ( ! w>e1 x mu/ be ( su* a nature z to adapt itself to a glaze suffici5tly s(t to pres]ve ! colors4 ,z ! clay us$ 9 ! pa9t+ mu/1 ( necessity1 9 mo/ cases1 be :ite1 9 ord] t ! purity & beauty ( ! colors may n be affect$ by admixture ) x1 a body ( ! same1 or v ne>ly resembl+ x1 w\ld1 9 "s respects1 be ! be/1 "o reason = ?is be+ t ! appli$ clay w\ld be m c]ta9 to adh]e firmly to ! body1 bo? hav+ ! same qualities4 ,! prop] glaze = su* a body w\ld1 h[ev]1 require too great a degree ( heat 9 ! fir+1 & none b ! /ronge/ colors c\ld be> x )\t injury4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 t ! glaze may be p]fectly adapt$ to ! body ( ! w>e1 & yet require no great] degree ( heat ?an ! colors us$ 9 ! pa9t+ w be>1 x is be/ to use a body =m$ f mat]ials :i* d n ne$ to be fir$ at a v high temp]ature4 ,?is desir$ quality is f\nd 9 "s ( ! natural color$ clays4 ,a mixture p>tak+ ( ! qualities ( bo? yell[ & r$ clay1 )\t ! unpleasant color ( ! =m]1 & possess+ great] /r5g? ?an ! latt]1 has be5 f\nd to be ! be/4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,w>e ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,%\ld ,,be ,,appli$4 ,= ?is me?od ( decoration ! w>e %\ld be 9 ! 8gre50 /ate4 ,! m moi/ure x conta9s ! bett]1 & x w be 9 prop] condition if procur$ z soon z x leaves ! h&s ( ! mold]1 or z soon z x has become suffici5tly dry to reta9 its %ape4 ,pieces c be kept 9 ?is /ate a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 by plac+ !m 9 a box :i* has be5 l9$ ) pla/] ( p>is4 ,?is l9+ %\ld be ab\t an in* ?ick1 & if ! inside is occasionally spr9kl$ ) wat]1 x w rema9 moi/1 & keep ! clay 9 good condition4 ,a box ( ?is k9d is really invaluable = all "w1 :]e x is necess>y to keep clay moi/4 ,)9 c]ta9 limits ! clay is improv$ r ?an injur$ by keep+ 9 ?is way2 ! effect ^u x be+ t x becomes t\gh] & m pla/ic4 ,if kept too long1 x becomes 8rott510 & ! pla/ic quality is lo/1 b x w keep a reasonable l5g? ( "t1 ev5 two or ?ree mon?s4 ,if ! box c n be _h1 ! pieces may be cov]$ by a rubb] clo?1 :i* %\ld be kept f t\*+ !m by a frame ( wood or galvaniz$ iron wire1 damp clo?s hav+ be5 plac$ ar\nd !m to produce suffici5t moi/ure4 ,x is necess>y to ex]cise ?is c>e 9 keep+ ! w>e moi/1 9 ord] to prev5t ! clay1 :i* is appli$ to ! surface 9 pa9t+1 f crack+ dur+ ! process ( dry+4 ,x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t ! mat]ial made use ( 9 pa9t+ is simply clay1 :i* has be5 artificially color$1 &1 z clay1 becomes subject to ! rules :i* gov]n all "w ( ?is k9d1 :e!r x is mak+ pott]y1 model+1 or pa9t+ fai5ce4 ,to produce dep? & ri*ness ( effect1 ! pa9t+ %\ld h a heavy impa/o1 & ! high lights %\ld be laid on 9 su* a mann] z almo/ to pres5t ! appe>ance ( model+ 9 relief4 ,:5 ?is is done1 !re is a t5d5cy 9 ! appli$ clay to crack 9 dry+1 if ! conditions are n "r4 ,9 apply+ "o piece ( clay to ano!r1 x is requisite t bo? %\ld be ( ! same consi/5cy1 to ensure equal contraction4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ! clay is us$ z pa9t1 & mu/ be ( su* consi/5cy z w p]mit its manipulation ) ! bru%4 ,its application1 !n1 to a body ( clay t has lo/ mu* ( its moi/ure1 is att5d$ ) "s risk1 & ! fact t ! coat+ ( clay is comp>atively ?91 alone r5d]s x possible to defy "o ( ! conditions :i* gov]n ! use ( ?is mat]ial4 ,:5 ! piece ( w>e1 ^u :i* ?is pa9t+ is appli$1 has previ\sly become too dry1 ! moi/ure 9 ! coat+ ( clay is v quickly absorb$ into ! body1 & ?is causes x to %r9k unequally ) ! body1 & ?us to crack4 ,:5 ! body & ! appli$ clay are m ne>ly 9 ! same condition1 & ! =m] /ill reta9s consid]able moi/ure1 x does n absorb t ( ! clay on ! surface s rapidly1 & !y %r9k & dry toge!r4 ,! dry+ ( ! clay us$ 9 pa9t+ c1 h[ev]1 be ret>d$ by ! use ( gum tragacan?1 :i* may be mix$ ) x4 ,x w\ld1 p]haps1 be bett] always to take ! precaution to use ?is m$ium1 al?\gh :51 z rem>k$ be=e1 ! body ( ! w>e is /ill q s(t1 & ! condition ( ! atmosph]e su* z to prev5t too rapid dry+1 ! pa9t+ may be execut$ simply ) ! use ( wat]4 ,j "h a caution z to ! use ( gum tragacan? may be giv51 & t is1 t x is bett] n to mix ! gum ) m ( ! color$ clay prep>$ = pa9t+ ?an is to be us$ at once4 ,:5 mix$ only ) wat]1 ! clay aft] becom+ dry1 c be easily rubb$ d[n aga9 ) wat]2 b if gum tragacan? has be5 us$ 9 ! mixture1 & x has be5 all[$ to dry ^u ! palette1 ! gum w n re-dissolve readily "u ! action ( wat] & ! palette knife1 & ! mixture w be full ( small p>ticles ( undissolv$ gum1 :i* w r5d] x unpleasant to "w )4 ,to prep>e gum tragacan? = use1 x is dissolv$ 9 wat]1 to :i* may be add$ a drop ( salicylic acid to keep x f turn+ s\r4 ,! clay1 :i* is to =m a body = ! colors1 mu/ be dissolv$ 9 wat] until ( a prop] consi/5cy = pa9t+4 ,x %\ld be a little ?ick] ?an ! dilut$ clay us$ by pott]s & te*nically call$ 8slip40 ,z to ! quality ( ! clay1 ! desid]atum is t x %all be colorless & n incl9$ to crack 9 dry+4 ,! clay us$ 9 ! manufacture ( :ite granite w>e is probably ! be/ clay = ?is purpose1 g5]ally accessible4 ,?is c be mix$ ) all ! colors )\t injury to ! t9t ( any4 ,p>ian clay produces ! mo/ beautiful effects1 &1 :]e x is possible to procure x1 =ms ! be/ m$ium = ?is pa9t+4 ,m c>e mu/1 h[ev]1 be ex]cis$ 9 its use1 z x is v liable to crack 9 dry+1 & f ! transluc5cy produc$ 9 ! body by ! action ( ! fire1 mu/ be laid on m ?ickly ?an clays :i* h great] opacity1 to produce ! effect desir$4 ,9 ! case ( yell[1 :i* does n always /& ! fire well1 x is be/ to mix ! color ) a yell[-t9t$ clay to ensure a successful result4 ,c4 ,c4 clay1 :i* is a cream-t9t$ :ite1 w effect ?is4 ,if a d>k] yell[ is desir$1 clay :i* 9 fir+ acquires a decid$ yell[-t9t may be us$4 ,a light cream-t9t$ clay1 su* z ,c4 ,c41 or 8/ilt0 clay1 may be us$ ) yell[s !re=e1 ) advantage1 ) br[ns & blues )\t disagreeable effects2 b 9 ! case ( sc>let1 p9k1 or crimson & gre5s1 no?+ b :ite clay mu/ be us$1 if purity ( t9t is desir$4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! pres5ce ( iron 9 ! yell[-t9t$ clays injures ! colors m5tion$4 ,! clay c be procur$ f ! pott]y 9 brok5 pieces1 or1 bett]1 9 a semi-pulv]iz$ /ate f ! trimm+ 9 mak+ ! w>es4 ,:5 9 ?is /ate x is easy at any "t to dissolve en\gh = use4 ,x is1 p]haps1 bett] to prep>e x j be=e x is to be us$1 z ! long] clay /&s1 aft] x has be5 mix$ ) wat]1 ! m compact x becomes4 ,:5 x has j be5 dissolv$1 x /ill reta9s air among its p>ticles1 & ?is r5d]s ! mixture m por\s & less liable to crack4 ,x soon dissolves 9 wat] & c be /irr$ until smoo?4 ,x may be /ra9$ ?r\gh a sponge1 alt]nately all[+ ! sponge to absorb ! dilut$ clay & !n squeez+ x4 ,probably ! mo/ conv5i5t way is to rub ! clay 9 a mort> until all ! lumps are dissolv$4 ,if a v small quantity only is ne$$ x may be rubb$ d[n ^u ! palette ) ! palette knife z x is want$4 ,a palette or a slab ( glass may be us$ = mix+ ! colors & clay4 ,! latt] is ! be/1 z x c be procur$ ( l>ge size1 & z 9 ?is k9d ( "w a consid]able quantity ( pa9t is necess>y1 !re %\ld be ample room to mix ! colors4 ,a slab ( ,fr5* plate glass1 at lea/ tw5ty by tw5ty-f\r in*es1 may be procur$4 ,?is c be imb$d$ 9 pla/] ( p>is1 :i* w make x /rong]1 z well z furni% a :ite surface ^u :i* ! colors w %[ to bett] advantage4 ,! p[d]$ colors z procur$ are n p]fectly pulv]iz$1 & mu/ be well rubb$ d[n ) a mull] & palette knife4 ,x is ev5 m necess>y 9 ?is ?an 9 o!r k9ds ( pa9t+ ^u pott]y t ! color %\ld be well gr\nd4 ,if n rubb$ d[n suffici5tly be=e be+ mix$ ) ! clay1 p>ticles ( color :i* are sc>cely app>5t be=e fir+1 w %[ :5 ! "w is glaz$1 =m+ specks 9 :at %\ld be1 a p]fectly uni=m t9t4 ,if ! color is mix$ ) ! clay be=e x has be5 p]fectly dissolv$1 x w n aft]w>d be possible by any rubb+ d[n to remove ! specks f ! mixture4 ,! colors1 aft] be+ ?or\ghly gr\nd1 c be mix$ ) clay 9 su* proportions z may be desir$4 ,! :ite clay takes ! place ( :ite1 & is us$ to light5 e t9t1 z well z to =m a body = ! colors4 ,x is a good plan1 :]e exp]i5ce has r5d]$ x possible to d x ) judgm5t & c]ta9ty ( result1 to mix ! v>i\s t9ts 9 wat] ) clay1 9 quantities1 & !n all[ !m to dry4 ,:5 dry1 !y c be pulv]iz$ & ! color$ p[d] c be put away 9 bottles = future use4 ,?is saves "t :5 pa9t+1 & also ensures a l result f ! use ( a mixture :i* has already be5 te/$ & f\nd to be satisfactory4 ,x is only1 h[ev]1 aft] consid]able exp]i5ce 9 mix+ colors1 & v]ify+ _! results1 t ?is c be safely done4 ,z 9 o!r k9ds ( und]glaze pa9t+1 x may be giv5 z a g5]al rule1 t ! colors are int5sifi$ 9 fir+1 9 ?is1 h[ev]1 mu* m ?an 9 o!r me?ods4 ,all ! /rong] colors are int5sifi$ to a degree difficult to realize be=e exp]i5ce has taught ! arti/ :at to expect4 ,!y all become sev]al %ades d>k]1 &1 9 ! case ( blues1 blacks & gre5s1 x is m difficult to obta9 delicacy1 ?an dep? ( t9t4 ,9 ! use ( sc>let1 crimson & yell[1 a consid]able am\nt ( ! color 9 proportion to ! clay mu/ be us$ = ! d>k] portions to give suffici5t dep?4 ,only en\gh clay mu/ be tak5 to give body to ! pa9t1 & ! mixture %\ld !n be appli$ v ?ickly4 ,! pa9t] mu/ also be> 9 m9d ! fact t ! /rong] color w ov]p[] ! weak] 9 mixtures1 ev5 :5 ! latt] is 9 su* degree z to give ! color to ! mixture be=e fir+4 ,aft] fir+1 ! /rong] color w appe> 9 excess4 ,9 mak+ su* mixtures1 !re=e1 ! /rong] color %\ld be us$ v sp>+ly1 if x is desir$ t ! o!r %\ld pr$om9ate 9 ! t9t :5 fir$4 ,o!rwise1 ! colors may be f\nd aft] fir+ to be entirely diff]5t f :at 0 int5d$4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,pa9t+4 ,let u suppose t ! arti/ wi%es to pa9t a vase4 ,a c]ta9 t9t be+ select$ = ! gr\nd1 ! color1 or colors1 :i* are to produce x are mix$ 9 _! relative proportions1 accord+ to ! h9ts giv5 above4 ,a suffici5t quantity %\ld be prep>$ to pa9t ! :ole gr\nd1 especially if a mix$ t9t1 :i* x w\ld be difficult to reproduce 9 its exact proportions4 ,x w require "s little exp]i5ce to enable ! arti/ to judge h[ mu* w be ne$$1 &1 p]haps1 x w be some:at difficult = any "o accu/om$ to pa9t+ 9 o!r me?ods1 to realize ! quantity ( pa9t us$ 9 ?is4 ,x is bett] to h too mu* mix$ ?an too little1 z x c be kept & us$ ano!r "t4 ,! color1 or colors1 = ! gr\nd hav+ be5 rubb$ d[n until p]fectly smoo?1 z direct$ be=e1 may be mix$ ) m or less clay1 accord+ to ! %ade ( color desir$4 ,! fir/ t9t may be made to repres5t ! d>ke/ %ade 9 ! gr\nd1 & a comp>atively small am\nt ( clay %\ld be us$4 ,aft] ! color has be5 mix$ ) ! clay1 x c be plac$ on "o side ( ! palette4 ,by tak+ portions f x & add+ m clay1 o!r %ades ( ! same color may be made4 ,fir/1 a light t9t may be prep>$ = ! fir/ coat ^u ! vase4 ,be=e comm5c+ to lay on ! gr\nd1 x is well to wa% ! surface ( ! vase ) a ?9 solution ( glaze 7su* z is us$ = f9i%+ ! w>e71 or ) borax wat]4 ,?is is to ensure ! adhesion ( ! clay1 ( :i* ! pa9t+ is to consi/1 to ! clay ( :i* ! vase is made4 ,previ\s to ?is1 ! vase1 if n already 9 good condition1 %\ld be wa%$ ov] ) a bru%1 or ) a sponge dipp$ 9 wat]1 or spr9kl$ until x has absorb$ wat] en\gh to keep ! clay1 :i* is to be appli$ to its surface1 f dry+ too quickly4 ,a broad1 flat camel's-hair bru% may !n be *>g$ ) ! light t9t1 & ! surface ( ! vase cov]$ ) x z ev5ly z possible1 & s ?ickly z to completely obscure ! body4 ,?is done1 ano!r t9t1 d>k] ?an ! fir/1 9 a degree suffici5t to p]mit _! be+ di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 may be mix$4 ,?is w =m ! middle t9t ( ! gr\nd1 & is to be laid on ov] ! fir/4 ,! reason = apply+ two coats is1 t1 al?\gh x might be possible to pa9t "o ) ! degree ( ?ickness necess>y to prev5t ! %r9kage ( ! appli$ clay 9 ! fir+1 f reveal+ ! body ( ! vase1 /ill ! beg9n] is v likely to be deceiv$ z to ! ?ickness ( ! impa/o1 judg+ by ! eye alone4 ,pott]s dip pieces ( w>e 9 color$ slips1 & ! ?ickness ( ! cov]+ ?us =m$ is all suffici5t4 ,9 ! case ( pa9t+1 h[ev]1 x is impossible to lay ! clay on z ev5ly1 & !re w be1 9 all probability1 "s places too ?9ly cov]$ to /& ! fire1 b :i* w\ld n be reveal$ be=e4 ,x is bett]1 !re=e1 to apply two coats1 s t "o may cov] up ! defici5cies ( ! o!r4 ,! reason = hav+ ^! two coats ( diff]5t t9ts is1 t x is !n possible to be assur$ t ! surface is cov]$ completely1 x be+ easy to di/+ui% ! fir/ t9t laid f ! body ( ! vase1 & 9 ! second pa9t+1 to obs]ve t x entirely cov]s ! fir/4 ,! second coat f9i%$1 a light] t9t %\ld be mix$1 ) :i* ! gr\nd is v>i$ by t\*es "h & !re1 mak+ ! highe/ light ( ! gr\nd1 :ile t\*es ( ! fir/ t9t mix$1 give ! d>k] %ades4 ,!re %\ld be diff]5ce en\gh 9 tone betwe5 ! middle t9ts ( ! gr\nd1 & ^! light] & d>k] t9ts1 to produce a good effect ( light & %ade1 & ^! t\*es %\ld be laid on ) a free h&1 & !n s(t5$ into ! gr\nd1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! lights & %ad[s %\ld n end too abruptly4 ,9 ^! t\*es1 z 9 all ! pa9t+1 !re mu/ be a c]ta9 ?ickness 9 reality1 z well z 9 appe>ance1 to make ! "w effective :5 f9i%$4 ,! clay %r9ks & seems to be dissipat$ 9 ! process ( fir+1 & if appli$ too ?9ly1 9 any "p1 w reveal ! body ( ! w>e1 or "s "u-t9t1 p]haps spoil+ ! appe>ance ( ! :ole4 ,! transp>5t effect1 produc$ by a ?9 lay] ( clay1 :i*1 aft] fir+1 %[s ! "u-t9t ?r\gh1 is sometimes v beautiful 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( a design4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult to judge by ! eye ( ! requisite degree ( ?ickness necess>y to produce ?is effect1 & ! heat ( ! fir+ may be s great z to cause t portion ( ! pa9t+ to disappe> entirely4 ,x c n1 !n1 be safely c\nt$ ^u1 & ! be/ way is to dep5d solely ^u ! lights & %ades ( ! pa9t+ = ! effects desir$4 ,! gr\nd f9i%$1 ! decorative design may be pa9t$ ^u x4 ,?is %\ld n be outl9$ ^u ! surface1 b %\ld simply be pa9t$ ) a free h&1 & )\t too mu* att5tion to detail1 a brilliant effect ( light1 %ade1 & color be+ ! object aim$ at 9 ?is /yle ( pa9t+4 ,we w suppose t a floral design is to be pa9t$ ^u ! vase4 ,! middle t9t ( ! fl[]s c fir/ be laid1 ! %ad[s are !n put 91 & la/ly ! high lights1 laid on heavily1 almo/ giv+ ! effect ( relief4 ,leaves & o!r accessories ( ! design may be treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! edge ( ! design mu/ be s(t5$ into ! backgr\nd1 to avoid a h>d effect aft] ! "w is glaz$4 ,! process ( glaz+ has a t5d5cy to s(t5 & melt ! t9ts into ea* o!r1 b ?is effect mu/ be enhanc$ by judici\s use ( ! middle t9ts & %ad[s ( ! pa9t+1 & by leav+ ! edges ?94 ,"o ( ! greate/ beauties ( ?is k9d ( pa9t+1 :5 well done1 is ! effect ( ! ri* colors melt+ into ea* o!r1 ) a *>m+ indi/9ctness1 :i* leaves some?+ to ! imag9ation ( ! behold]4 ,^? :o h n be5 accu/om$ to ! use ( color 9 su* masses1 w1 p]haps1 be emb>rass$ at fir/ by ! difficulty ( pa9t+ ) clay4 ,?is w soon be ov]come by practice1 b1 z has be5 said be=e1 x %\ld always be rememb]$ t x is clay :i* is us$1 &1 !re=e1 ! "w is subject to ! conditions :i* gov]n ! use ( t mat]ial4 ,x is unnecess>y to ent] fur!r into details1 z x is only int5d$ "h1 to give "s in/ruction z to ! me?od ( pa9t+1 leav+ ! mann] ( x to ! arti/1 x be+ tak5 = grant$ t any "o desir+ to practice ?is k9d ( pa9t+ %\ld h already atta9$ "s pr(ici5cy 9 ! use ( colors1 & %\ld h acquir$ a k ( ! rules :i* gov]n art4 ,to su* !re w simply be ! difficulty ( le>n+ to "w ) a new mat]ial4 ,if ?is k does n exi/1 x w be no easi] to succe$ 9 accompli%+ any ?+1 wor? ! do+1 9 ?is1 ?an 9 o!r k9ds ( art "w4 ,) reg>d to ! colors to be us$1 x is en\gh to say t a suffici5t numb] c be obta9$ to produce by admixture1 9 v>i\s degrees1 t9ts = ! production ( any subject requir$4 ,x is only necess>y to rememb]1 z said be=e1 t 9 ^! mixtures ! /rong] colors mu/ n be 9 su* proportion z to ov]p[] ! weak]4 ,a li/ ( useful colors has be5 giv5 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,9 reg>d to ! mixtures ( ^! colors a few words may be ( use4 ,black is a v useful color = %ad[s1 mak+1 9 its admixture ) :ite clay1 num]\s pleas+ t9ts ( grey1 :i* may be v>i$ by ! addition ( any o!r color :i* may be desir$4 ,z black is "o ( ! /ronge/ colors1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be v sp>+ly us$ :]e a light t9t is ne$$4 ,9 ! mixture ( blue & gre51 ! =m] mu/ exi/ 9 a mu* small] proportion ?an ! latt]1 if ! mixture is to h a gre5i% t9t4 ,exp]i5ce alone c give success1 b en\gh has be5 said to prev5t ! beg9n] f mak+ v disa/r\s mi/akes4 ,! pa9t+ mu/1 ( c\rse1 be execut$ :ile ! clay is wet1 & %\ld be f9i%$ 9 "o sitt+4 ,if ?is is n possible1 x may be kept wet 9 ! way describ$ = keep+ ! w>e be=e pa9t+4 ,9 describ+ ! me?od ( pa9t+ a vase1 we h tak5 = our model1 "o decorat$ ) fl[]s4 ,decorations c1 h[ev]1 be z v>i$ 9 reg>d to subjects z pa9t+s on canvas4 ,floral decorations seem to be ! be/ adapt$ to vases1 or o!r objects hav+ r\nd$ surfaces4 ,plaques & vases1 su* z pilgrim j>s1 :i* af=d flat surfaces1 may also be decorat$ ) l&scapes or figures4 ,= ^! subjects some:at diff]5t treatm5t may be adopt$1 b en\gh has be5 said to indicate ! requirem5ts ( ! mat]ial1 & ea* arti/ w f9d a mann] suit$ to himself4 ,decorations ( a simil> "* c be produc$ ^u w>e ( diff]5t colors1 leav+ ! color ( ! clay = a gr\nd4 ,?is has a v good effect :5 done ^u cream-t9t$ clay 9 suitable colors4 ,z ?is k9d ( w>e %\ld be fir$ at a high] temp]ature ?an ! deep] t9t$ & co>s] clays1 ! colors are liable to fade 9 ! fir+4 ,?is is n undesirable1 h[ev]1 z ! fad$ t9ts h>monize ) ! light gr\nd mu* bett] ?an d>k] colors4 ,"s beautiful effects c be produc$ by decoration ( ?is k9d1 :i* c be supplem5t$ by c>v+ & gild+4 ,! same me?od c be us$ on a gr\nd ( d>k r$ clay by ! selection ( colors :i* w h>monize ) ! gr\nd4 ,yell[ fl[]s look well ^u a gr\nd ( ?is "*1 & ! yell[ color c be produc$1 z we h said be=e1 by ! use ( yell[ clay1 ei!r alone or z an adjunct to ! color4 ,mono*rome decorations c also be produc$1 by ! use ( natural clays ( v>i\s colors1 9 ! same mann] z t pursu$ 9 ! use ( ! artificially t9t$ clay ( :i* we h be5 treat+4 ,good effects c be produc$ 9 ?is way1 ) ! advantage t ! colors w be fully reta9$ 9 ! fir+4 ,r$1 or br[n & :ite1 9 v>i\s degrees ( comb9ation1 c be us$ to produce a design ) e effect ( light & %ade4 ,also1 r$1 ) cream-t9t$ clay1 or ! ?ree colors--r$1 yell[ & :ite--c be us$ toge!r4 ,^! designs c be produc$ ^u gr\nds ( cream1 r$1 or yell[ clay4 ,,dry+4 ,:5 ! pa9t+ has be5 complet$1 x %\ld dry v sl[ly1 & x w\ld be bett]1 if possible1 to effect ?is by plac+ x 9 a moi/1 cool place4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult to h&le a piece ( w>e :5 wet4 ,! clay is 9 a v s(t /ate1 & a sudd5 j> might cause ! vase to fall to pieces4 ,if ! vase has n be5 9 prop] condition = pa9t+1 or has dri$ too quickly1 x w1 aft] "s h\rs h elaps$1 beg9 to %[ f9e cracks ^u ! surface ( ! pa9t+4 ,^! may be /opp$1 be=e !y h gone too f>1 by pass+ a model+ tool ov] !m1 or1 if ! crack has become too deep = ?is treatm5t1 x may be fill$ ) clay z ne>ly z possible 9 ! /ate at :i* ! body ( ! w>e has arriv$4 ,if ! cracks are all[$ to g too f> x w be difficult to /op !m1 z !y may h ext5d$ into ! body ( ! w>e4 ,if ! piece is p]mitt$ to g to ! fir+ ) any cracks1 h[ev] small ^u its surface1 !y w become wid5$ 9 ! fir+1 &1 especially aft] ! glaz+1 w %[ v di/9ctly4 ,9 ! biscuit1 !y may be /opp$ by fill+ !m ) p[d]$ clay mix$ ) gum wat]4 ,b an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure1 & ! safe/ me?od is to prev5t _! appe>ance 9 ! fir/ place4 ,if ?is c n be done1 !y mu/ be /opp$ z soon z !y appe>4 ,! f9] clays seem to h a great] t5d5cy to crack 9 dry+1 & :5 ! cracks h appe>$1 !y are m difficult to /op ?an 9 o!r clays4 ,,fir+4 ,:5 ! piece decorat$ is ?or\ghly dry1 x %\ld be fir$ at a temp]ature suffici5t to make ! body durable1 & at ! same "t to p]fectly fix ! colors ( ! pa9t+1 s t !re may be no dang] t ! glaze w cause !m to run 9 ! f9al fir+4 ,?is latt] defect may also result f an excess ( glaze1 & :]e x exi/s only 9 a v slight degree1 produces a melt+ s(tness :i* is v pleas+4 ,?is effect is1 h[ev]1 s likely to be exagg]at$ to ! ru9 ( ! "w t x is be/ n to run any risk ( ! k9d 9 fir+1 & to dep5d ^u ! pa9t+ alone = ! h>moni\s bl5d+ ( ! t9ts4 ,! temp]ature at :i* ! "w is to be fir$1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 dep5d ^u ! qualities ( ! clay ( :i* ! piece ( w>e is made4 ,z has be5 said be=e1 ?is clay %\ld be "o t does n require an excessive degree ( heat 9 fir+4 ,! exact degree c be e/imat$ by ! pott] :o und]/&s ! requirem5ts ( ! clay :i* has be5 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! p>ticul> piece ( w>e 9 "q4 ,x may be said t ! temp]ature at :i* ,rock+ham w>e is fir$ is suitable = ?is "w1 & t a glaze su* z t us$ ^u t k9d ( w>e c be us$ ) good results4 ,x is possible to h a glaze s adapt$ to ! body ( ! w>e z to prev5t x f craz+1 & yet pres]ve ! brilliancy ( ! colors4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,model+ ,,9 ,,relief4 ,"u ?is head may be compris$ ! decorative model+ ( figures & o!r designs ^u pott]y1 9 v>i\s degrees ( relief4 ,fir/1 we h figures 9 relief =m+ decorations ^u vases4 ,^!1 z well z o!r designs 9 high relief1 belong prop]ly to ! doma9 ( sculpture1 & ! me?ods ( produc+ !m d n v>y ess5tially f ^? 9 use 9 t art4 ,! f9al process 9 ?is case is ! fir+1 in/ead ( ! ca/+ 9 pla/] & cutt+ 9 m>ble4 ,( ! me?ods ( produc+ floral designs 9 relief1 a few sugge/ions may be ( use4 ,^!1 z well z ! pa9t+ describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 mu/ be execut$ :5 ! body ( clay1 to :i* !y are appli$1 is v wet1 & ! appli$ clay mu/ 9 ?is case be1 z ne>ly z possible1 9 ! same condition4 ,if ! clay is n 9 ! prop] condition1 ! "w w crack 9 dry+4 ,! vase :i* is to be decorat$ be+ 9 ! "r /ate1 a lump ( clay1 hav+ ! pla/icity necess>y = model+1 is procur$4 ,?is may be ( ,c4 ,c41 a deep] cream color1 or r$1 accord+ to ! color desir$4 ,:ite granite is n pla/ic en\gh1 & is1 besides1 liable to crack 9 dry+4 ,b ( all :ite clays1 p>ian =ms ! mo/ beautiful sub/ance = ?is k9d ( model+4 ,leaves & petals ( fl[]s c be %ap$ f pieces ( clay1 :i* h be5 flatt5$ to ! requir$ ?ickness1 ei!r by press+ ^u a slab ( pla/] ( p>is1 by means ( a weight1 su* z pott]s use2 or1 if ! "w is n on a l>ge scale1 ! clay c be %ap$ 9 ! palm ( ! h&4 ,! =ms c !n be cut ) a %>p model+ tool4 ,if !re is m moi/ure 9 ^! pieces ( clay ?an 9 t :i* =ms ! body ( ! vase1 !y %\ld be all[$ to rema9 a %ort "t ^u a dry pla/] slab4 ,! pla/] w quickly absorb ! moi/ure 9 ! clay4 ,:5 ready1 ! pieces c be plac$ 9 position on ! vase1 ! places :]e !y are to be appli$ hav+ be5 previ\sly wa%$ ) clay & wat] 7te*nically call$ 8slip071 or ) glaze wat]1 to make !m adh]e4 ,/ems are made by roll+ pieces ( clay betwe5 ! palms ( ! h&s1 or ^u a flat surface ( wet pla/] or wood4 ,!y are aft]w>ds all[$ to dry1 & :5 9 prop] condition1 appli$ 9 ! same mann] z ! fl[]s & leaves4 ,delicate t\*es may be put 9 ) a bru% dipp$ 9 clay1 ( a prop] consi/5cy = pa9t+4 ,! =ms ( ! design c be %ap$ & f9i%$ aft] !y h be5 appli$ to ! vase by ! use ( model+ tools1 &1 f9ally1 ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,! design may also be bru%$ ov] ) a sponge1 moi/5$ ) wat]1 :i* w also be f\nd v useful 9 re/or+ ! smoo? surface ( ! gr\nd1 if x has be5 injur$ 9 ! process ( model+4 ,aft] ! model+ has be5 complet$1 ! "w %\ld be gone ov] ) a model+ tool1 & 9 places :]e a mass ( clay has be5 atta*$ to ! surface1 ! edges %\ld be "u-cut4 ,?is w prev5t crack+4 ,if ?is precaution is n tak51 a crack ?us produc$ may ext5d into ! body ( ! vase & r5d] x unfit = fir+4 ,:]e a l>ge mass ( clay occurs 9 ! model$ design1 x is bett] to holl[ out ! projection f ! inside ( ! vase1 to prev5t ! crack+ or w>p+ ( ! :ole 9 fir+1 caus$ by ! unequal ?ickness4 ,cracks1 :i* may appe> 9 dry+1 %\ld be fill$1 or1 if possible1 be press$ out ) a model+ tool1 be=e ! piece is fir$4 ,if ! crack is s deep t x is necess>y to fill x1 ! place %\ld be cut op5 ) a model+ tool1 moi/5$ ) wat]1 & fill$ ) clay1 z ne>ly z possible 9 ! same condition z t ^u ! vase4 ,fl[]s c be model$ 9 p>ian clay ^u a creamy-t9t$ gr\nd ) good effect4 ,v>i\s colors ( deep] t9t$ natural clays1 or clay :i* has be5 artificially color$ 9 ! body1 c be us$ z ! gr\nd ( su* decorations4 ,light gr\nds are sometimes color$ aft] ! fir/ fir+1 9 ! biscuit2 or a gr\nd c be pa9t$ 9 ! me?od describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 :ile ! vase is s(t1 & ! model$ decoration c !n be appli$ in/ead ( ! pa9t+4 ,decorations ( ?is "* 9 high relief are frequ5tly color$ 9 natural t9ts1 ei!r "u ! glaze1 9 ! biscuit2 or ov] ! glaze4 ,! ta/e ( ?is mann] ( f9i%+ relief-"w is some:at que/ionable1 & ! same objection might apply to x z to color$ sculpture4 ,t x has receiv$ ! sanction ( ! be/ factories 9 ! _w is no pro( ( its be+ 9 accord ) correct ta/e1 z ! _m 7arti/ic7 atrocities ( ,dresd5 & ,capo di ,monte te/ify4 ,"s ( ! lat] ,havil& fai5ce1 h[ev]1 hav+ a gr\nd 9 ! usual /yle ( t w>e ) decoration 9 high relief1 color$ ) subdu$ t9ts1 h>moniz+ ) ! gr\nds1 is s arti/ically done t "o c h>dly ?9k x op5 to ?is objection1 al?\gh x c n be consid]$ an improvem5t ^u ! e>li] "w ( ?is e/abli%m5t 9 :i* ! color$ decorations 7 simply pa9t$ ^u ! surface4 ,x is only to ! use ( colors :i* imitate ^? ( nature ^u model$ decorations t !re c\ld be any objection4 ,relief-"w may be conv5tional 9 its =m1 or color$ conv5tionally1 9 "o color or _m1 or gild$1 ) p]fect ta/e4 ,! latt] me?od produces a f9e effect1 b1 to make x successful1 ! color ( ! gr\nd %\ld be well *os51 & ! design simple 9 =m & n too mu* deta*$ f ! surface4 ,! gild+ looks be/ :5 left unburni%$1 & %\ld only be rubb$ en\gh to give ! effect ( dead gold4 ,next1 we h appli$ designs 9 l[ relief4 ,^! are made 9 sev]al diff]5t ways1 accord+ to ! effects desir$4 ,"w ( ?is k9d is m commonly execut$ by ! me?od us$ 9 ! production ( ,w$gwood-w>e4 ,! designs to be appli$ are fir/ model$ 9 clay4 ,ca/s are !n tak5 ( ! models 9 pla/] ( p>is4 ,clay ( ! k9d desir$ = ! relief designs is !n press$ 9 ! mold & ! edges trimm$ (f4 ,! design c be remov$ f ! mold by ! aid ( a flat1 /eel in/rum5t1 ) a %ort1 broad blade2 or a palette knife1 :i* :5 press$ ^u ! clay adh]es to x & deta*es x f ! mold4 ,x c !n be transf]r$ to ! piece ( w>e to be decorat$1 to :i* x is made to adh]e by ! use ( 8slip10 z describ$ be=e4 ,?is me?od is v useful1 inde$1 indisp5sable 9 ! manufacture ( su* w>es comm]cially1 :5 ! same designs are to be repeat$ _m times1 b x is h>dly to be recomm5d$ = arti/ic "w1 except = conv5tional designs1 bord]s1 etc4 ,?is me?od ( ca/+ ! =ms 9 a mold may be useful1 h[ev]1 9 ! reproduction ( leaves ( intricate outl9e1 :i* c be made ( v>i\s sizes1 &1 f ! pla/icity ( ! clay1 c be inf9itely v>i$ 9 position accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! work]4 ,:5 objects ( delicate & intricate =m1 su* z ?reads1 spid]'s webs1 nets1 & sometimes leaves1 are to be repres5t$ 9 "w ( ?is "*1 x c be accompli%$ by dipp+ ?reads1 or nets ( cotton1 or1 if leaves1 ! natural leaves !mselves1 into 8slip40 ,! clay adh]es to ! ?reads1 or =ms1 & aft] x has set suffici5tly1 !y c be plac$ ^u ! object to be decorat$4 ,on fir+1 ! sub/ance inclos$ )9 ! clay is dissipat$ & ! clay only1 rema9s4 ,"s v wond]ful & beautiful effects may be produc$ 9 ?is way2 b1 z ^! delicate =ms are necess>ily v fragile1 especially if mu* deta*$ f ! surface1 !y are only suitable = articles int5d$ solely = ornam5t4 ,designs 9 l[ relief c also be appli$ ) ! bru% 9 ! =ms desir$1 :i* may aft]w>d be %ap$ & f9i%$ by ! use ( model+ tools1 or1 :5 dry1 c>v$ ) /eel in/rum5ts4 ,?is latt] is said to be ! me?od by :i* ,m4 ,solon executes 8 exquisite designs 9 f9e :ite clay ^u w>e :i* has be5 color$ 9 ! body4 ,"o ( ! greate/ beauties ( ,m4 ,solon's "w is ! transp>5t effect produc$ :]e ! clay has be5 left s ?9 z to %[ ! color$ gr\nd ?r\gh4 ,"w 9 ! v slighte/ relief c be done ) ! bru% alone4 ,c>e mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ?is1 h[ev]1 t ! application ( clay is n s v slight z to produce complete transp>5cy ^u fir+4 ,by a judici\s mixture ( "w 9 :i* ! clay is s heavily laid on z to rema9 opaque aft] ! fir+1 & ( t :i* is appli$ s ?9ly z to become transp>5t1 v delicate & beautiful effects c be produc$ by ! use ( :ite clay ^u color$ gr\nds4 ,! color$ gr\nds 9 ! ,w$gwood & ,solon w>e are produc$ by ! use ( a f9e clay body1 :i* has be5 artificially color$ ?r\gh\t1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ,w$gwood1 is f9i%$ by a v slight glaze1 & 9 ! ,solon w>e1 by a full glaze1 by :i* ! transp>5t effects ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! "w are br\ght out4 ,! colors us$ 9 ! body ( ^! w>es are blues1 d>k gre5s1 & olives1 & also black4 ,:]e x is n possible = ! amateur1 = :om ^! h9ts are writt51 to obta9 su* w>es = decoration1 v pretty "w c be produc$1 z has be5 m5tion$ be=e1 by ! use ( a body ( naturally color$ clay ^u :i* :ite or a light-color$ clay c be appli$4 ,relief-"w c be f9i%$ ) a full glaze1 a v slight glaze1 or c be left unglaz$4 ,z a g5]al ?+ x may be said t ! model+ 9 a design 9 high relief w look be/ ) b a slight glaze1 or none at all4 ,! slight glaze is call$ by pott]s a 8sme>0 glaze1 & is effect$ by fir+ ! "w 9 a 8segg>10 :i* is glaz$ ^u ! inside4 ,! unglaz$ w>e absorbs en\gh glaze f ! glaz$ surface to give x a semi-glaz$ appe>ance1 :i* is v pleas+4 ,"w 9 p>tial relief1 z well z articles 9 full relief1 c also be f9i%$ by ! application ( color$ glazes4 ,?is is ! me?od by :i* ! w>e kn[n at ! pres5t "t z majolica is produc$4 ,blue & gre5 glazes ( ?is k9d are frequ5tly to be obta9$ 9 pott]ies 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e !y may be appli$ to "w :i* has be5 model$4 ,o!r colors 9 majolica glazes are to be _h f ! deal]s1 & if ! colors desir$ c n be appli$ at ! pott]y1 ! arti/ c apply !m ) a bru% 9 ! same mann] z pa9t is us$ ^u ! biscuit4 ,! effect ( "w ( ?is k9d c also be enhanc$ by gild+ put on ov] ! glaze4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,incis+ ,,& ,,c>v+ ,,9 ,,clay4 ,^! are two ( ! simple/ z well z mo/ effective me?ods ( decorat+ pott]y4 ,we w treat fir/ ( incis$ "w 9 clay4 ,! piece ( w>e to be decorat$ mu/1 ( c\rse1 be 9 ! 8gre50 /ate2 n too wet1 yet n dry en\gh to be brittle4 ,an outl9e draw+ c !n be execut$ ^u its surface ) a po9t$ model+ tool1 n too %>p1 & p]fectly r\nd$ at ! po9t4 ,if any burr is ?r[n up 9 ! c\rse ( ! l9es1 x mu/ n be bru%$ (f until ! piece has become p>tially dry4 ,! draw+ c !n be bru%$ ov] ) a /iff camel's-hair bru%1 leav+ ! l9es free4 ,^! l9es c n[ be fill$ ) d>k 7"u-glaze7 pa9t 7black is be/71 mix$ ) a little gum arabic & wat]4 ,9 go+ ov] ! l9es "s ( ! pa9t w ext5d ov] ! edges2 ?is c be scrap$ (f1 :5 ! clay is dry1 ) ! edge ( a %>p /eel blade1 two or ?ree in*es long1 held betwe5 ! f+]s & ?umb4 ,a brok5 knife-blade w d = ! purpose4 ,?is scrap+ mu/ be v lightly & c>efully done1 to avoid injur+ ! surface ( ! w>e4 ,! surface may aft]w>ds be rubb$ ov] ) ! v f9e/ s&pap]1 :5 entirely dry4 ,! f9i% ( ?is "w mu/ n be a full glaze1 b ! 8sme>0 glaze1 describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,a full glaze w\ld fill up ! l9es1 & s injure ! appe>ance ( ! "w4 ,9 ord] t ! black l9es may be effective1 ! gr\nd ( ! decoration %\ld be r light 9 color4 ,! be/ colors = ! body ( w>es to be decorat$ 9 ?is way are light cream color1 or a mixture ( cream color & r$ clay1 produc+ a light brick-r$2 or1 if !y c be procur$1 any light color$ clays :i* h be5 artificially t9t$ 9 ! body4 ,a color$ gr\nd = ?is "w c be procur$ by hav+ ! piece ( w>e dipp$ 9 color$ slips4 ,! design is !n incis$ ^u ! surface1 aft] x has become dry en\gh1 9 ! same mann] z be=e4 ,! l9es are cut ?r\gh to ! body ( ! w>e b5ea?1 %[+ a color contra/+ ) t ^u ! surface ) good effect4 ,"w ( ?is k9d is also execut$ ^u /onew>e4 ,t ( ,miss ,hannah ,b>l[ w be rememb]$ z an in/ance ( incis$ "w1 9 black l9es1 ^u a r$ or light br[n body4 ,incis$ "w also appe>s ^u ! ,lambe? /onew>e4 ,x is "h us$ ^u grey /onew>e1 ) rais$ dots 9 :ite1 & color$ ) blue glaze4 ,incis$ decorations c also be execut$ ^u e>!nw>e 9 ?is way4 ,:ite w>e may be us$1 & ! design drawn ^u x 9 ! 8gre50 /ate4 ,! piece may !n be f9i%$ ) color$ glaze1 :i* s9ks into ! depressions =m$ by ! l9es1 & s gives !m a d>k] color ?an ! re/ ( ! surface4 ,c>v$ "w c also be introduc$ ) good effect z an accessory to incis$ "w1 & a few words z to ?is k9d ( decoration w n[ be 9 place4 ,,c>v+ ,,9 ,,clay4 ,?is "w c be made v beautiful & effective by ^? famili> ) ! use ( c>v+ tools4 ,! tools us$ %\ld be %ort-h&l$ c>v+ tools1 & ! w>e %\ld be 9 ! 8gre50 /ate & z = incis$ "w1 nei!r too wet nor too dry4 ,dry en\gh = clean cutt+ ) ! tools1 & yet n s dry z to be brittle4 ,:5 9 j ! "r /ate1 clay =ms a f9e sub/ance = c>v+4 ,z x dries v rapidly1 means %\ld be us$ to keep x suffici5tly moi/ until ! "w is f9i%$4 ,! outl9e c be drawn ^u ! clay ) a %>p-po9t$ model+ tool1 & ! c>v+ c be execut$ ) g\ges1 *isels1 & p>t+ tools ( ! v>i\s %apes & sizes necess>y4 ,ve9+ c be done ) a po9t$ model+ tool1 & dots c be readily incis$ by pressure on ! surface4 ,rais$ dots c be made ) s(t] clay :i* has be5 dipp$ up 9 a quill ( ! requir$ size1 :i* is !n press$ ^u ! surface at ! place :]e ! dot is desir$4 ,c>v$ "w c be f9i%$ by ! use ( s& pap]1 a camel's hair bru%1 & wat]1 or a sponge2 b ^! %\ld n be us$ v freely1 z !y w injure ! %>pness & cleanness ( ! cutt+1 :i* x is desirable to pres]ve4 ,c>v+ looks be/ :5 f9i%$ ) a 8sme>0 glaze4 ,ano!r v>iety ( c>v$ "w c be produc$ ^u a vase :i* has be5 previ\sly dipp$ 9 color$ 8slip40 ,! design is !n cut ?r\gh ! cov]+ to ! gr\nd b5ea?1 :i* %\ld be ( a contra/+ color4 ,ano!r me?od by :i* _m v>i$ & beautiful effects c be produc$ is t ( incis+ l9es1 & cutt+ or press+ designs into ! s(t clay1 :i* are !n fill$ ) v>i\s color$ slips4 ,! l9es or o!r designs %\ld be deeply cut1 moi/5$ ) wat] & fill$ ) ! color$ clays1 :i* %\ld be press$ into ! depressions & all[$ to dry4 ,:5 dry1 ! surface c be scrap$ 9 a simil> mann] to t made use ( 9 f9i%+ incis$ "w4 ,x %\ld be not$ t 9 ?is latt] "w ! body ( ! clay %\ld be 9 a s(t] /ate ?an w\ld be necess>y = o!r c>v$ or incis$ "w4 ,c>v+ 9 clay1 z well z model+ & incis+ c be glaz$ ) ! color$ majolica glazes ) excell5t effect4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,pa9t+ ,,^u ,,! ,,biscuit4 ,aft] ! w>e has be5 fir$ once & is 9 :at is call$ ! 8biscuit10 x c be decorat$ by ! use ( und]glaze colors1 9 ! =m ( ?9 wa%es resembl+ wat]-color pa9t+4 ,w>e us$ = ?is purpose %\ld be made ( :ite1 or v light cream-color$ clay1 z ! colors1 be+ us$ 9 transp>5t wa%es1 w\ld be dimm$1 & w\ld h _! t9ts sulli$ by use ^u a gr\nd ( d>k color4 ,on :ite w>e ^? colors %\ld be us$ :i* w be/ /& ! heat necess>y 9 ! fir+ & glaz+ ( ?is w>e4 ,= ?is reason pa9t+ execut$ on :ite is usually 9 mono*rome1 & only ! /ronge/ colors are us$1 su* z blue1 black1 or br[n4 ,! be/ effect is produc$ by ! use ( blue4 ,?is /yle ( "w is famili> f ! num]\s pieces ( ,japanese w>e1 ( porcela9 or :ite e>!n-w>e1 pa9t$ 9 blue1 :i* are br\ght to ?is c\ntry4 ,! me?od ( pa9t+ is simple & n likely to prove difficult or unc]ta9 z to its results 9 ! h&s ( "o famili> ) ! use ( wat] colors4 ,! color g5]ally us$ is d>k blue1 & !re are sev]al diff]5t blues :i* furni% v f9e t9ts4 ,among ^! might be m5tion$ ,em]y's cobalt blue1 :i* is excell5t & does v well ^u ! :ite w>e manufactur$ "h4 ,phillips' maz>9e blue & ,h>rison's ,p]sian blue are also v ri*1 deep colors1 ! latt] hav+ a purpli% t9t4 ,"o ( ! be/ blues1 z reliable & pleas+ 9 color z any1 has be5 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,joseph ,bailey1 ( ! ,hamilton ,road ,pott]y4 ,! color mu/ be rubb$ d[n until p]fectly smoo?1 & %\ld be mix$ ) wat] & en\gh gum arabic to keep x f rubb+ (f 9 ! necess>y h&l+ be=e fir+4 ,! design hav+ be5 sket*$ ^u ! w>e to be decorat$1 ) a lead p5cil1 ! fir/ wa%es may be put 9 ) a light t9t ( ! blue4 ,^! %\ld be laid on ) a free h& & )\t ret\*+ be=e !y h dri$4 ,! d>k] t9ts may !n be laid 91 & la/ly ! deepe/ %ad[s4 ,^! %\ld be pa9t$ ?ickly & %>ply to give ! prop] dep? ( color4 ,if necess>y !y may be pa9t$ ov] a second "t2 c>e %\ld be tak51 h[ev]1 n to h an excess ( pa9t 9 any "p1 z t w\ld prev5t ! glaze f adh]+ to ! w>e4 ,! l9es %\ld be p>ticul>ly cle> & %>p1 z !y g5]ally spread m or less 9 ! glaz+1 & if !y are n well def9$ & ! %ad[s are n d>k en\gh1 ! effect w be blurr$ & indi/9ct4 ,9 ?is k9d ( "w cle>ness & di/9ctness are to be desir$4 ,if ! pa9t+ is c>efully execut$ & ! v>i\s degrees ( light & %ade are well pres]v$1 some?+ ( ! effect ( a pa9t+ 9 wat] colors w be produc$4 ,mono*romes 9 br[n & black are done 9 ! same way1 only t 9 ! case ( ! latt] color x is bett] to mix a v little blue ) x1 z t w make x /& ! fire bett]4 ,be=e glaz+1 ! w>e %\ld be fir$ once to 8h>d5 on0 ! colors4 ,if ! color %\ld run 9 ! glaz+1 ! pa9t+ may be repair$ by ! use ( gild+ ov] ! glaze1 by :i* ! blurr$ outl9es may be conceal$4 ,:51 f ! p]fection ( ! fir+1 ?is is unnecess>y1 "w ( ?is k9d1 & especially t 9 blue1 may be v mu* enhanc$ by a judici\s use ( gild+4 ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,! ,,lambe? ,,or ,,b5nett ,,/yle4 ,?is is done ^u a v light1 cream-color$ w>e4 ,! me?od ( pa9t+ is simil> to t describ$ above1 ) ! exception t all colors c be us$4 ,9 us+ ! weak] colors1 & 9 mixtures1 ! same rules t h be5 giv5 be=e mu/ be obs]v$4 ,colors :i* d n /& ! fire v well1 su* z yell[ & rose color1 mu/ be laid on ?ickly1 :ile 9 mixtures1 z well z :5 us$ alone1 ! /rong] colors %\ld be us$ sp>+ly4 ,9 ! ,lambe? or ,b5nett /yle ( pa9t+ ^u fai5ce1 ! designs are ei!r :olly or p>tly conv5tional4 ,! gr\nds are ei!r left ! natural color ( ! w>e or pa9t$4 ,! designs usually ( fl[]s are 9 natural colors v slightly %ad$ & surr\nd$ by a d>k outl9e4 ,! design hav+ be5 drawn ^u ! surface ) a lead p5cil1 ! gr\nd1 if x is to be color$1 may be laid on ) "s color1 or mixture ( colors1 :i* w h>monize ) ! decoration4 ,z x is impossible to pa9t x smoo?ly ) a bru%1 or to d x by any ( ! me?ods 9 use = ov]-glaze pa9t+1 ! gr\nd mu/ be 8dabbl$0 on1 ei!r ) a small bl5d+ bru%1 or bett]1 a sponge1 :i* has be5 cut to ! prop] %ape & size1 & :i* may be fa/5$ 9 a quill & us$ z a bru%4 ,?is is dipp$ 9 ! color :i* has be5 mix$ ^u ! palette1 & ) x ! color is appli$ to ! surface ( ! vase1 produc+ a mottl$ gr\nd1 :i* may be %ad$ f light to d>k1 by ! application ( m or less color1 z desir$1 & also may be v>i$ by ! introduction ( o!r colors :i* w h>monize ) ea* o!r1 & ) ! decoration4 ,! design may !n be pa9t$ 9 flat wa%es1 :i* %\ld be laid on freely1 ) ! %ad[s boldly def9$4 ,?is done1 a l9e1 ei!r ( black or d>k olive gre51 made f d>k br[n & a little gre51 may be pa9t$ ar\nd ! design1 outl9+ & reliev+ x aga9/ ! gr\nd4 ,! pa9t+ f9i%$1 ! piece %\ld !n be fir$ to fix ! colors4 ,if necess>y1 x c be t\*$ up 9 any places :i* are ?\ght to ne$ deep] t9ts aft] ?is fir+1 & be=e ! f9al process ( glaz+4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! effect ( ! glaz+ w be to deep5 ! colors1 &1 unless ! result ( ?is process has be5 le>n$ f exp]i5ce1 ! t5d5cy w r be to get !m too d>k ?an too light4 ,! mo/ important ?+ is1 to keep ! relative value ( ! lights & %ad[s4 ,if ?is is done1 ! effect w n be bad1 ev5 if ! colors %\ld fade a little 9 fir+4 ,ano!r v important item 9 "u-glaze pa9t+1 :i* has be5 m5tion$ be=e1 is1 t ! colors mu/ be 9 prop] condition = use1 & to t end1 mu/ be c>efully rubb$ d[n ) a mull] or palette knife4 ,inatt5tion to ?is detail has caus$ mu* "w ( rude & r\gh appe>ance to be produc$1 :i* might o!rwise h be5 fairly good4 ,9 ! ,lambe? & ,b5nett w>e ! *>m+ effect ( color w g5]ally be f\nd to h be5 produc$ by a sy/em ( burn+ :i* w\ld sc>cely be consid]$ legitimate1 accord+ to ! /rict rules ( ! pott]'s art4 ,! w>e is n fir$ 9 ! biscuit z h>d z su* w>e is usually fir$1 & ! glaze appli$ is s(t] ?an ! body ( ! w>e dem&s4 ,?is s(t glaze is us$ to save ! colors1 & n be+ suit$ to ! body ( ! w>e w1 g5]ally1 be f\nd to be badly craz$4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 lov]s ( beautiful & h>moni\s colors1 9 ! decoration ( pott]y1 w ?9k t ! ends ju/ifies ! means1 & z ! articles are :olly adapt$ = ornam5tal purposes1 ?is defect ( glaze detracts b little f _! value4 ,"s "w ( a simil> "* has rec5tly be5 done 9 ?is city1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! w>e has be5 fir$ & glaz$ 9 su* a mann] z to make x p]fectly durable1 &1 at ! same "t1 great beauty ( color+ has be5 reta9$4 ,?is result is n only important f ! fact t x (f]s opportunity = ! production ( ornam5tal w>es1 b1 also1 f ! consid]ation t ! p]fection ( ! fir+ & glaz+ ( ! w>e r5d]s x valuable = articles ( use4 ,no?+ c\ld be pretti] ?an sets ( tablew>e made ( ?is cream-t9t$ clay1 decorat$ 9 color$1 conv5tional designs4 ,?is w\ld1 we ?9k1 be ! p]fection ( w>e = ord9>y use1 & w\ld =m1 ) ! comb9ation ( ! delicately t9t$ body & ! h>moni\s colors ( ! und]glaze decoration1 a s]vice bo? pleas+ to ! eye & v durable4 ,x is n ! prov9ce ( a "w on "u-glaze pa9t+ to ent] into ! subject ( ov]-glaze decoration1 yet z !y are frequ5tly comb9$1 m5tion may be made ( "s ( ! v>ieties ( decoration 9 :i* ! two processes are us$4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ! union ( ! two me?ods is t 9 :i* gild+ is us$ z an adjunct to "u-glaze decoration4 ,gold is always appli$ ov] ! glaze1 z x w\ld be utt]ly de/roy$ by ! action ( ! heat necess>y 9 ! fir+ ( any h>d glaze4 ,t prep>$ by decorators by dissolv+ gold 9 aqua regia may be us$1 or ! 8bright0 gold1 :i* is obta9$ 9 a liquid /ate4 ,! =m] is ! mo/ durable1 & :5 fir$ c be burni%$ or left ) a dead f9i%1 :i* 9 _m cases has ! mo/ pleas+ effect4 ,! 8bright0 gold1 z its "n indicates1 becomes bright 9 ! fir+ & ! burni%+ is ?us r5d]$ unnecess>y4 ,on a 8sme>0 glaze ! 8bright0 gold produces a beautiful dead gold effect1 ow+ to ! dead surface ( ! w>e to :i* x is appli$4 ,9 ,japanese w>es1 d>k blue1 "u-glaze1 (t5 appe>s 9 conjunction ) gold1 & also ) r$1 gre51 or o!r colors :i* h be5 put on ov] ! glaze4 ,"o beautiful result ( ! comb9ation ( ov] & "u-glaze pa9t+ is se5 9 ! w>e pa9t$ by ,lemonni]4 ,9 ?is ! gr\nd is g5]ally pa9t$ "u ! glaze 9 a mann] simil> to t describ$ 9 ?is *apt] = ! production ( ,lambe? fai5ce4 ,! design is !n pa9t$ ) ov]-glaze 8relief0 colors1 & ! high lights laid 9 heavily1 ! :ole produc+ an effect :i* comb9es ! delicacy ( ! ov]-glaze colors ) ! dep? ( ! "u-glaze4 ,we h tri$ to indicate1 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 ! pr9cipal me?ods employ$ 9 ! decoration ( pott]y "u ! glaze4 ,^! v>i\s me?ods are comb9$ ) ea* o!r & ) ov]-glaze "w 9 s _m ways t x is difficult = any b an exp]t to di/+ui% 9 a giv5 piece ( w>e ! _m processes :i* may h comb9$ to produce ! result4 ,?is r5d]s ! subject m difficult to treat compreh5sively1 & ^! v>i\s ramifications ( ! art ( "u-glaze pa9t+ c "h be b indicat$4 ,x is hop$1 h[ev]1 t ! sugge/ions giv5 may be suffici5t to af=d ! /ud5t ( c]amic decoration an idea ( ! v>i\s =ms & ( ! possibilities ( ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,f9is ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #dd ,*ang$3 glaze suffici5tly s(t to p]s]ve to3 glaze suffici5tly s(t to pres]ve pg #di ,*ang$3 may be add$ a drop ( salycilic acid to3 may be add$ a drop ( salicylic acid pg #eg ,*ang$3 9 color$ slips1 & ! ?icknesss to3 9 color$ slips1 & ! ?ickness pg #ib ,*ang$3 delicately t9t$ body & ! h>monions to3 delicately t9t$ body & ! h>moni\s ,table ( ,cont5ts 0 creat$ by ! transcrib]4