,,the ,,carriages at ,shelburne ,museum ,by ,,lilian ,,baker ,,carlisle ,illustration ,museum ,pamphlet ,series1 ,number #a ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,shelburne ,,museum ,,shelburne ,,vermont ,,copyright #aief ,,by ,,the ,,shelburne ,,museum1 ,,inc4 ,,shelburne1 ,,vermont ,,printed ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,of ,,america ,,by ,,the ,,lane ,,press1 ,,burlington1 ,,vermont ,can ,you ,remember 444 ,in the #aijj ,united ,states census1 there were listed #d1ega vehicle-constructing concerns4 ,they employed #abf1jjj men and paid yearly wages to the amount of #gj1jjj1jjj4 ,fifty years later one or two specialists still manufacture a limited variety of vehicles1 but during our lifetime the carriage trade has vanished4 ,persons now living rarely conceive of themselves as a part of history and seldom make provisions for the perpetuation of examples and data of their era4 ,although most of the carriages that once crowded the roads have disappeared1 some fine examples still exist in ,america on large estates in hay-filled barns and dusty carriage houses1 and it is to be hoped that these few remaining vehicles will be rescued and placed in museums where they will be preserved for the generations that come after us as living mementoes of our past4 ,even the printed material1 old carriage maker's catalogues1 plans1 illustrated magazines1 scrapbooks1 wall charts1 technical and account books--once present in every carriage maker's shop1 has all but disappeared4 ,this material is of great value to the researcher1 librarian and curator at museums which have made provisions for its preservation4 ,persons owning any of these documents would be performing an act of public service in offering this material to museums1 libraries or historical societies so that it too can be kept intact4 ,the collection of vehicles at the ,shelburne ,museum contains the sleighs and carriages1 light and heavy1 formerly owned by the late ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb2 also those given by ,mrs4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband2 gifts of single carriages or sleighs from interested donors2 and purchases made to secure representative vehicles4 ,illustrated in this pamphlet1 which is the first of the ,shelburne ,museum series1 are examples of many of the carriage types on display4 ,a complete listing of the other carriages will be found on page #fe4 ,a later publication will depict and describe the farm and commercial wagons1 as well as the fine collection of sleighs4 8,setting up0 a fine carriage in the last century was quite different from purchasing a fine automobile today4 ,considerable knowledge was required as to style of harness1 liveries1 purpose1 details and customs4 ,the description of one of the most costly late #aith century stables here in the ,united ,states reads like a tale from the ,arabian nights4 ,the town coach barn of this owner contained a coach1 a brougham1 a hansom1 a runabout and an opera wagon1 but the carriage house at his country estate was awe-inspiring4 ,it sheltered dozens of vehicles of every sort1 and a corps of stablemen was employed to maintain these vehicles in first class condition4 ,in #aije this collection was broken up and auctioned off to the hundreds who came and went during the days of the sale4 ,newspaper accounts of the day said that they were bewildered by the display of the victorias1 the park drags1 the skeleton breaks1 the two hundred sets of harness1 the magnificent monogrammed blankets for the horses and all the rest of the accoutrements4 ,illustration3 ,,sketched ,,from ,,life ,,by ,t4 ,,worth ,,lith ,,currier ,,ives1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,entered ,,according ,,to ,,act ,,of ,,congress ,,in ,,the ,,year #ahfi ,,by ,,currier ,,ives ,,in ,,the ,,clerk',s ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,district ,,court ,,of ,,the ,u4,s4 ,,for ,,the ,,southern ,,district ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,fashionable 8,,turn-,,outs0 ,,in ,,central ,,park4 ,,new ,,york ,,published ,,by ,,currier ,,ives #aeb ,,nassau ,,street ,the 8carriage parade0 was a daily event in every major ,american city and ,new ,york's vehicles thronged over the ten miles of fine carriage roads in and around ,central ,park4 ,every afternoon between the hours of four and five1 fashionable society of ,new ,york 8took the air40 ,east ,drive from the ,mall south to ,fifth ,avenue and #eith ,street was lined with spectators1 and in their polished carriages1 attended by their immaculate servants1 the lite drove back and forth1 passing and re-passing each other4 ,it is said that the first time they met each other1 they bowed ceremoniously1 the second time they smiled1 and the third time they looked away4 ,when warm weather came1 society moved out of the city en masse1 and their carriages went along too4 ,the summer carriage parade at ,newport1 ,rhode ,island was reputed to be even finer and more glittering than the ,new ,york 8promenade on wheels40 ,in the ,united ,states1 it was not only the people of wealth and fashion who owned carriages1 and herein lies one of the great differences in our attitude and that of the countries abroad4 ,we developed the rockaway1 surrey1 buggy and buckboard2 vehicles that could be produced inexpensively2 vehicles that were light and practical with a stripped-down functional look1 yet for all their air of fragility1 possessed of great strength4 ,we fashioned them so that a servant was not required either to drive them or to maintain them2 we built them in such numbers and so well that the treatise on ,coachbuilding published in ,london in #ahha by ,j4 ,w4 ,burgess noted3 8,the carriages of ,america are so different from our own and from those of ,europe that they require special attention4 ,it is quite possible that in the future their style may greatly influence carriages in all parts4 ,the first noticeable trait in them is lightness4444 ,americans have adopted some of the shapes of ,europe and the ,european mode on constructing the under-carriages1 retaining their own method of making the pole and splinters1 as giving greater freedom to the horses4 8,the cheapness 7of their vehicles7 is attained by making large numbers to the same pattern1 by the use of 7machinery7 and by the educated dexterity of the ,american workman1 always ready to adopt any improvement40 ,horse-drawn vehicles have played a vital part in the lives of civilized peoples1 and that period cannot pass for long without demanding the attention of research scholars whose basic interest is to record activities of the past for the benefit of the future4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 founders of the ,shelburne ,museum1 have assembled this collection of vehicles and placed it on display in the hopes that it will play a part toward preserving for posterity the examples of the coachbuilder's art during the #aith and early #bjth centuries4 ,,lilian ,,baker ,,carlisle ,shelburne1 ,vermont4 ,april #a1 #aief ,table of ,contents ,,page ,,introduction iii ,,carriages ,,for ,,an ,,owner',s ,,driving ,mail ,phaeton #a ,spider ,phaeton #b ,cut-under ,phaeton #c ,george ,,iv ,phaeton #d ,basket ,phaeton #f ,miniature ,phaeton #g ,curricle #h ,chaise #i ,doctor's ,gig #aj ,dog ,cart #aa ,tandem ,cart #ab 8,going-to-,cover0 ,cart #ad ,shooting ,cart #ae ,,non-,,sporting ,,carriages ,brougham #af ,landau #ah ,panel-boot ,victoria #ai ,skeleton-boot ,victoria #bj ,vis--,vis #bb ,private ,omnibus #bc ,calche #bd ,berlin #bf ,carroll ,coach #bh ,formal ,coach #bi ,irish ,jaunting ,car #cj ,hansom ,cab #ca ,,coaching ,,and ,,other ,,four-,,in-,,hand ,,vehicles ,road ,coach 8,liberty0 #cb ,park ,drag #cd ,road ,coach 8,defiance0 #cf ,skeleton ,break #cg ,body ,break with ,perch #ch ,,carriages ,,of ,,american ,,origin ,three-seat ,surrey #dj ,extension-top ,surrey #da ,depot ,wagon #db ,coup ,rockaway #dc ,six-passenger ,rockaway #dd ,buckboard ,phaeton #de ,pony ,buckboard #df ,double ,buckboard #dh ,triple ,buckboard #di ,,unclassified ,,vehicles ,racing ,sulky #ej ,skeleton ,wagon #ea ,tub ,cart #eb ,kentucky ,breaking ,cart #ed ,concord ,wagon #ee ,pleasure ,wagon #ef ,canadian ,calche #eg ,mountain ,wagon #eh ,barge #ei ,schroon ,lake ,concord ,coach #fj ,concord ,mud ,wagon #fb ,highland ,alpine ,house ,concord ,coach #fc ,,bibliography #fd ,,catalog #fe ,illustration ,,horseshoe ,,barn ,this barn was the first structure erected on the ,shelburne ,museum grounds4 ,copied from a barn located in the northern part of ,vermont1 it was built of timbers from eleven different old ,vermont barns and two grist mills4 ,it now houses the collection of carriages and is the only building on the grounds that is not a preservation4 ,each of the other twenty-four structures located on the twenty-five acres has been chosen for its individual beauty or interest4 ,although the buildings have been restored architecturally1 they now serve as the background for the lifetime collections of the founders and it is only in the five homes that contemporary household furnishings have been displayed4 ,shelburne ,museum is essentially a 8collection of collections0 and is one of the newest of the outdoor country museums4 ,it was founded in #aidg by ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 and has been chartered by the ,state of ,vermont as a non-profit educational institution4 ,located on ,route #g1 just seven miles south of ,burlington1 ,vermont1 the ,shelburne ,museum is open each year from ,may #aeth to ,october #aeth4 ,,carriages ,,for ,,an ,,owner',s ,,driving ,illustration ,,mail ,,phaeton ,dark green2 cane work at back of seat4 ,trimmed in eggshell broadcloth4 ,styles in carriages1 like women's fashions1 changed continuously4 ,speaking of the mail phaeton1 a massive1 masculine pair-horse carriage1 the ,duke of ,beaufort in #ahii said3 8,they are much in use by noblemen and gentlemen and frequently employed by bachelors for long posting journeys in ,england as well as the ,continent4 ,they have almost reached perfection in the hands of the builder1 ,peters40 ,just fourteen years later1 ,francis ,m4 ,ware wrote3 8,in phaetons1 the cumbrous and lumbering mail phaeton is as extinct as the dodo40 ,the mail phaeton took its name from the mail coach and was characterized by its wooden perch 7the pole running from the rear to the front axle7 and mail coach springing4 ,in ,england1 these vehicles were used to send out mail and parcels to the nearest point where the royal mail coach passed4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,,spider ,,phaeton ,black with red2 canework at back of seat4 ,trimmed in blue broadcloth4 ,in #ahhh1 ,g4 ,n4 ,hooper 7feature writer for ,driving magazine7 wrote3 8,for some years the young men of fashion have driven a small ,stanhope phaeton4 ,they are now giving place to spider phaetons1 a sort of ,tilbury body on four wheels1 with a neat little seat for the groom behind1 supported on branched irons2 most of them have a folding head over the front body4 8,those first made had a trembling and vibrating motion2 but with more solid construction 444 they have become not only comfortable1 but with more refined designs and construction1 more stylish in appearance4 ,they carry a lady and gentleman on the front seat comfortably1 and the hind seat is made of such size as to carry only one person1 and the groom runs no chance of having his dignity hurt by his master or one of his friends having to sit beside him40 ,this spider phaeton was built in ,paris1 ,france by ,muhlbacher4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill ,illustration ,,cut-,,under ,,phaeton ,body painted dark green4 ,trimmed in tan whipcord4 ,a wide variety of carriages are known as phaetons1 but usually the name is given to an open vehicle with four wheels which is intended for personal driving by the owner4 ,the name phaeton comes to us from classical mythology4 ,helios1 the sun god1 had a son called ,phaet7h7on who in attempting to drive the sun chariot through the sky lost control of the horses and lest he burn up the earth1 was consequently struck down by a thunderbolt of ,zeus4 ,the cut-under construction of this phaeton gave clearance to the wheels when the vehicle turned in a small radius1 or where sharp turns into driveways or alleys were required4 ,the skeleton rumble seat in the rear was for the groom and the carriage would have been turned out with a single horse of about fifteen hands1 or a cob 7a small plump horse74 ,sometimes it might also have been horsed with a pair4 ,illustration ,,george ,,iv ,,phaeton ,green body with cane work1 green gear4 ,trimmed in tan serge4 ,although there were other phaetons suitable for ladies' driving1 according to ,mr4 ,underhill1 only the ,peter's ladies' phaeton and the ,george ,,iv phaeton were considered adequate for park driving4 ,their graceful outline demanded the smartest possible turning out1 but no vehicle was more accommodating in displaying the charming picture of a beautiful well-dressed woman driving a brilliant well-mannered and nicely rounded pair of matched horses1 attended by a single groom in immaculate livery4 ,however1 ,francis ,underhill in his book ,driving for ,pleasure warned 8,it may be well to state in connection with the ,george ,,iv phaeton that they are very expensive carriages1 and there being comparatively few persons owning stables which would admit of their use1 they will be found difficult to dispose of except at a very great sacrifice40 ,this ,george ,,iv phaeton belonged to ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb and was built for her about #ahhb by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,the ,peters' ladies' phaeton depicted in the old photograph above is turned out la grande daumont4 ,this equipage took its name from the ,duc d',aumont1 a ,french leader of fashion both before and after the ,french ,revolution who introduced this style during the ,restoration4 ,in this country it was presented to formal society at ,newport1 ,rhode ,island by ,mrs4 ,august ,belmont1 wife of the ,rothschild banker and mother of ,newport's noted brothers1 ,o4 ,h4 ,p4 and ,perry ,belmont4 ,the lady's driving phaeton 7below7 is harnessed in the simpler la demi daumont4 ,the two carriages here illustrated are not in the museum collection1 but depict the alternate method of harnessing when the postillion rides the near horse1 or if four1 the near leader and wheeler4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,basket ,,phaeton ,black with basket weave seat4 ,trimmed in blue broadcloth4 ,the pony basket phaeton was deservedly popular--especially with women--as it required little skill to keep the body in order1 was light in weight and of small initial cost4 ,prices and weights for the best make phaetons showed a wide variety1 depending upon which type was purchased4 ,the schedule below was published by ,james ,a4 ,garland about #aijj 7,the ,private ,stable73 ,type of ,phaeton ,price ,weight in ,pounds ,basket 7single7 #djj #cej ,basket 7pair-horse7 #gej #gjj ,ladies' #aaej #hjj ,mail #adej #abjj ,spider #aaej #hjj ,light and airy in appearance1 this basket phaeton was used by its owner as a summertime vehicle4 ,it was built by the ,hume ,carriage ,company of ,amesbury1 ,massachusetts4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,arthur ,brown1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,illustration ,,miniature ,,phaeton ,canework body painted black2 wheels black with red striping4 ,trimmed in black leather4 ,this little phaeton was made especially in a miniature size for ,tom ,thumb of ,bridgeport1 ,connecticut4 ,p4 ,t4 ,barnum first heard of the perfectly-formed twenty-four inch sixteen pound child in #ahdb4 ,he secured his services for #c per week and exhibited him at his ,new ,york ,museum4 ,the child was exceptionally bright and ,barnum undertook his education1 hiring a tutor and a ,french professor for him4 ,tom ,thumb with his parents1 ,barnum and the complete entourage sailed in #ahdd for ,europe and the first of a number of prosperous tours4 ,he became the favorite of ,continental royalty1 as well as a pet at ,buckingham ,palace4 ,in #ahfb ,barnum contracted for the services of the perfectly formed dwarf girl1 ,lavinia ,warren1 of ,massachusetts1 and the love marriage of these two tiny people captured the romantic attention of every ,american4 ,tom ,thumb died when he was #de years old--still tiny in height1 but by then a portly #gj pounds in weight4 ,illustration ,,curricle ,body painted dark green2 gear green4 ,trimmed in tan broadcloth4 ,james ,w4 ,burgess in #ahha in his treatise on ,coach ,building pointed out that in the last years of the #agth and in the early years of the #ahth century 8a vehicle much in fashion was the curricle1 which had been in use for some time in ,italy where it was suspended from leather braces4 ,springs were added by the ,french 444 the ,english altered the shape1 giving the back a graceful ogee curve1 improved the hood and added a spring bar across the horses' backs4 ,it was a vehicle of easy draught1 and could be driven at great speed4 ,unfortunately it was rather dangerous if the horses shied or stumbled1 and this tended to reduce the demand for it1 although ,charles ,dickens used one as soon as he could afford it1 and ,count ,d',orsay had one made as late as #ahcf40 ,this curricle1 an extremely rare type of carriage1 was built by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york just before the turn of the #bjth century4 ,illustration ,,chaise ,body painted black4 ,trimming3 black leather top and cushions 7restored in #aiec74 ,the chaise has been defined as a two-wheeled carriage for two persons with a calash 7folding7 top and the body hung on leather straps or thorough-braces4 ,this chaise was purchased from the descendants of ,gen4 ,john ,stark of ,dunbarton1 ,new ,hampshire where the family homestead is located4 ,tradition has it that ,gen4 ,stark met the ,marquis de ,lafayette in ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire and drove him to the ,stark home in this chaise where ,lafayette visited with ,stark during his #aghd visit to ,america4 ,john ,stark was one of the most colorful heroes of the ,revolutionary ,war and a special hero of ,vermont1 for it was at the ,battle of ,bennington that ,stark overwhelmingly defeated the ,british forces on ,august #af1 #aggg4 8,bennington ,battle ,day0 is ,still celebrated every year in ,vermont1 and is a state holiday4 ,illustration ,,doctor',s ,,gig ,body painted black4 ,trimmed in black leather4 ,the gig was an exceedingly light vehicle and in reality was only a chair fixed on shafts4 ,well adapted for traveling purposes1 it was a favorite of doctors and businessmen4 ,of particular note is the method of springing used in this gig4 ,two sloping members are bolted through the shafts to which are attached the suspension leather braces4 ,this ingenious form of suspension is typically ,american and one which substituted for the heavier and costlier methods of springing4 ,this gig belonged to ,dr4 ,zacheus ,bass of ,middlebury1 ,vermont1 who practiced in ,addison ,county from #ahae to #ahha4 ,he accompanied ,vermont troops to ,plattsburgh1 and during #ahad assisted in caring for the wounded on ,commodore ,mac,donough's ship4 ,on loan from the ,sheldon ,museum1 ,middlebury1 ,vermont ,illustration ,,dog ,,cart ,olive green1 picked out with yellow4 ,trimming3 tan tweed4 ,the dog cart1 when setters and pointers were used for pheasant and partridge shooting1 was a useful vehicle to transport the dogs to distant shoots1 but outlived its usefulness for this originally conceived purpose4 ,over the years it changed its shape1 with the high wheels and lofty driver's seat giving way to a low1 rakish line4 ,the profile of the body varied also1 sometimes sloping side lines were the fashion2 other years the upright line was in favor4 ,in #ahhc a lever permitting the whole body of the vehicle to be moved backwards or forwards was patented4 ,this simple device1 located directly below the driver's seat1 allowed the driver to change the center of gravity of his dog cart1 depending upon whether two or three persons were riding as passengers1 thereby easing the load on the pony or cob drawing the cart4 ,this dog cart was built by ,fred ,f4 ,french1 carriage maker of ,boston1 ,massachusetts4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,arthur ,brown1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,illustration ,,tandem ,,cart ,black body1 yellow gear striped with black4 ,trimmed in tan cord4 ,tandem driving 7two horses1 one behind the other7 originated with sportsmen in hunting countries who took their hunter to cover in harness as the leader of two horses4 ,he was expected to simply jog along comfortably with the wheeler1 or second horse1 pulling the cart4 ,this custom of driving became popular and more or less of a sport in itself4 ,some authorities depreciated tandem driving1 but ,frederic ,ashenden who wrote the notes on tandem and four-in-hand driving for ,the ,private ,stable differed4 ,he pointed out that it had always been his custom to give a tandem pupil half a dozen lessons in four-in-hand driving first before attempting tandem1 for he felt the reins were more easily handled with four4 ,francis ,w4 ,ware1 author of ,driving agreed1 for as he said1 a four would keep each other straight1 but any bungling with the reins would surely be communicated to the tandem team and upset their work4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,,tandem ,,driving 8,let anyone while he is young and has strong and steady nerves1 a quick eye and patience to learn his business thoroughly1 try it1 and perhaps he will not repent4 ,let him begin by learning the uses1 places and combination of the harness to the last buckle4 ,then if he can find a good professor1 let him sit beside him1 watch1 listen and learn4444 ,then he may go far and certainly might fare worse40 ,major-,general ,sir ,c4 ,teesdale4 ,illustration ,these two photos showing ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb driving the homemade tandem practice cart were taken about #aijc in ,shelburne1 ,vermont4 ,the two horses are ,mary 7leader7 and ,auburn ,maid 7wheeler74 ,illustration 8,,going-,,to-,,cover0 ,,cart ,black and white with red gear4 ,trimmed in eggshell corduroy4 ,this dog cart was one of the types approved for tandem driving by the ,tandem ,club of ,new ,york4 ,in design it was copied from a dog cart shown in the print by ,c4 ,c4 ,henderson entitled ,going-to-,cover1 which has been described by authorities as a truly ideal sporting picture of the tandem team4 ,originally the dogs would have been taken to cover in the capacious boot which was ventilated on either side with louvered spaces4 ,tandem driving was practiced by the ladies as well as by gentlemen1 and in fact ,lady ,georgiana ,curzon wrote the tandem chapter in ,driving1 the volume on that sport written for the ,badminton ,library of ,sports and ,pastimes1 published in #ahhi4 ,this cart was built by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill ,illustration ,,shooting ,,cart ,body painted black2 wheels and gear yellow4 ,trimmed in tan printed pinwale corduroy1 black pattern4 ,this type of vehicle is also known as a ,slat-side ,phaeton and is described by ,francis ,c4 ,underhill 7,driving for ,pleasure7 as a modification of a vehicle used on the other side of the water in a lighter construction4 ,it is intended for private use in the country with a team or a pair and would have been found among the vehicles in the coach barn of a connoisseur of carriages4 ,the body work on the shooting cart is similar to that found on the four-wheel dog cart4 ,this cart was built in #ahid for ,dr4 ,webb by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,,non-,,sporting ,,carriages ,illustration ,,brougham ,body painted dark green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in green leather4 ,the story of the origin of the brougham about #ahcg was published in #ahhi by ,george ,n4 ,hooper--at that time president of the ,institute of ,british ,carriage ,manufacturers4 ,lord ,chancellor ,brougham1 lawyer1 orator1 writer1 innovator and originator of many ideas on many subjects1 took his plans for a refined and glorified vehicle similar to the street cabs1 just then making their appearance in ,london1 to his carriage maker who refused to produce the vehicle because it was light and lacking in dignity in his estimation4 ,a neighboring coachmaker accepted the challenge of this new type of carriage and in gratitude ,brougham did his best to influence the world of fashion to purchase this vehicle which revolutionized the old methods of carriage building as regards lightness1 handiness1 ease of access and economy4 ,this brougham was built for ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration 7,above7 ,the brougham1 formerly owned by ,dr4 ,webb1 parked outside ,trinity ,episcopal ,church in ,shelburne1 ,vermont during the marriage ceremony of ,miss ,frederica ,webb and ,mr4 ,ralph ,pulitzer in ,october of #aije4 ,after the wedding1 ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb returned to their home at ,shelburne ,farms in the brougham and the lower photograph shows the carriage entering the home grounds4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,landau ,body painted dark green1 black trim with straw color striping4 ,trimmed in dark green morocco leather and blue broadcloth4 ,the landau originated in the ,german town of that name and was used from mid-#ahth century as a posting 7traveling7 or dress vehicle4 ,about #ahej1 coachbuilders began to use the lighter elliptic springs on the landau and the whole vehicle became more miniature in size4 ,the landau combined the virtues of both an open and close carriage1 as the folding heads could be dropped and the windows lowered4 ,landaus with curved body lines were known as ,sefton landaus and those with angular lines as in this example were called ,shelburne landaus after the ,earl of ,shelburne who had the first of this pattern built to his order4 ,this carriage was built by the famous ,brewster and ,company and belonged to the ,theodore ,havemeyer family4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,henry ,o4 ,havemeyer1 ,mahwah1 ,new ,jersey4 ,illustration ,,panel-,,boot ,,victoria ,body painted black with black wheels4 ,trimmed in navy blue broadcloth4 ,the victoria became the fashionable park carriage when in #ahfi the ,prince of ,wales imported one from ,paris for his mother1 ,queen ,victoria1 for whom the carriage was named4 ,when she appeared in it for her daytime drives1 it soared in popularity4 ,known at first as the victoria phaeton1 it was in truth a faithful copy of the ,george ,,iv phaeton with a box added for the coachman to drive from4 ,it was always turned out in formal style and is somewhat of a symbol of the reign of ,queen ,victoria4 ,this carriage was built by ,henry ,hooker and ,company of ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut1 and tradition has it that both ,presidents ,arthur and ,harrison were passengers in it during their visits to ,new ,hampshire4 ,note the 8slip linings0 on the boot and the leatherette apron pulled over the interior upholstery4 ,these served as dust protection for the finer vehicles in the coach barn4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,charles ,e4 ,tilton1 of ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,illustration ,,skeleton-,,boot ,,victoria ,body painted dark olive green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in dark green4 ,the handsome victoria was well suited for the formal call and the promenade on wheels4 ,in #ahgg1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,b4 ,duffey1 in her ,ladies' and ,gentlemen's ,etiquette book warned her readers that 8morning calls should not be made earlier than twelve noon1 nor later than #e ,p4,m4 and the lady should be more richly dressed when calling on her friends than for an ordinary walk40 ,a lady should 8never lay aside her bonnet during a formal call even though urged to do so40 ,the rules were just as rigorous where her carriage was concerned4 ,her coachman1 stately in bearing1 should be taller and more portly than the footman1 but he too should be of more than average height1 thoroughly well trained and preferably slim4 ,this victoria was built by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york in #aijd4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,photos above and below were taken in the courtyard of the coach barn at ,shelburne ,farms about #aije and show the victoria turned out1 ready for a formal call4 ,fine carriages were never neglected4 ,each vehicle was thoroughly washed off as soon as it came in the coach barn2 grit was carefully removed from hinges and joints2 only the finest chamois were used to wipe dry the painted panels4 ,linseed oil was applied to the folding leather tops1 and all metal parts on lamps and moldings were kept brightly polished4 ,this was routine care in well-regulated stables4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,vis--,,vis ,body painted dark olive green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in dark green4 ,the vis--vis was known as the sociable in ,england and appears with a panel body 7as in this example7 or with a basket-work body4 ,when it was properly turned out1 it was formally horsed with two horses of fifteen hands each and carried either one or two 8trim dapper servants10 the groom being a trifle smaller and shorter1 as it was not good taste to have the groom or footman show more height on the box than the coachman4 ,given by the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,illustration ,,private ,,omnibus ,body painted dark olive green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in green leather4 ,the omnibus1 one of the larger carriage types1 was intended for owner driving as well as coachman driving and could be used with two horses2 three horses abreast with an adjustment of the two poles1 and for long distances over heavy country roads2 or 7even though it did not class as a proper four-in-hand vehicle7 with four horses4 ,at coursing and race meets1 the omnibus made an admirable and roomy grandstand4 ,the lazyback and cushion on the roof-seat were removed when the omnibus was servant-driven unless the seat was needed for the transporting of house servants4 ,when the omnibus was temporarily transformed into a four-in-hand and owner-driven1 the servants in undress liveries rode inside1 with the owner and his guests occupying the box and roof-seats4 ,this omnibus was built in #ahia for ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb by ,brewster and ,company1 of ,new ,york4 ,given by the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,,cal,,che ,body painted dark olive green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in morocco leather and broadcloth4 ,the calche was a grand carriage and belonged to the 8state0 order4 ,as ,francis ,underhill wrote in #ahif3 8,it is not at all suited unless the stable be supplied 444 with numerous carriages4 ,it is intended simply for the most formal calling or for park work40 ,the horses required were of the finest breeding1 perfectly matched and with faultless manners4 ,the harness was elaborate and included breeching 7that part of the harness which passes around the hind quarters of the horse7 and loin straps4 ,this calche was ordered in ,paris1 ,france by ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb in #ahij from the famed ,french carriage maker1 ,million et ,guiet4 ,it was used in ,new ,york until about #aijj with the two superb ,webb horses 8,chilcat0 and 8,chilcoot10 7#ag4a and #ag4b hands respectively74 ,after the death of one of these perfectly matched big horses1 the calche stood unused in the ,webb coach barn for many years4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration3 7,above7 ,watercolor of the calche painted by ,max ,klepper about #ahie4 ,illustration3 7,below7 ,detail showing elaborate springing1 carving and ,c springs at rear of calche4 ,note buckle for tension adjustment of leather strap4 ,illustration ,,berlin ,body painted dark olive green with deeper green trim1 green gear4 ,trimmed in green silk satin4 ,one of the first carriage forms1 the berlin was invented about #affj in ,germany1 and much used on the ,european ,continent for royal traveling with two or four horses1 two men on the box1 two grooms standing on the rear1 and out-riders for protection4 ,when the berlin here illustrated was harnessed la grande daumont1 the box was removed by loosening the bolts1 and the mounted postillions then drove from the two near side horses4 ,the berlin was truly a state carriage with its well-balanced lines and air of luxury without ostentation4 ,this berlin was built for ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb in ,france by ,million et ,guiet1 and imported to ,america in #ahij4 ,it was used with the marvelously matched ,webb horses ,chilcat 7#ag4a hands7 and ,chilcoot 7#ag4b7 in ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,on the festive occasion in ,october of #aije for ,miss ,frederica ,v4 ,webb's wedding to ,mr4 ,ralph ,pulitzer1 the berlin was harnessed la grande daumont1 with ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb on the leader and ,mr4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb1 ,jr4 on the wheeler4 ,this equipage1 with the two brothers riding postillion for their sister1 brought the bride and groom home to ,shelburne ,farms from ,trinity ,episcopal ,church in ,shelburne after the ceremony4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,carroll ,,coach ,black with white striping2 gear is black with yellow striping4 ,trimming3 gold-on-gold damask4 ,an unusually fine example of a private coach of the mid-#aith century1 made to carry six persons in addition to the coachman and footman4 ,the woodcarving trim on this coach1 which originally was owned by ,george ,w4 ,carroll of ,carrollton1 ,isle of ,wight ,county1 ,virginia1 is of especial note4 ,the carved double leaf motif is in keeping with the size of the coach4 ,the ,coach ,makers' ,illustrated ,hand-,book in its chapter on woodcarving warned that 8,the coach and carriage of smaller dimensions will not admit of great boldness in design1 but every portion requiring decoration will admit of a well-conceived design and delicacy of workmanship40 ,this coach has an unusual amount of white striping on the body and the carving has been emphasized by the addition of a white outline4 ,illustration ,,formal ,,coach ,body painted dark green with black top4 ,trimmed in dark green leather and broadcloth with dark green padded satin ceiling4 ,traditionally1 one of the first carriages in ,england was the coach brought out of the ,netherlands by a ,dutchman as a gift to ,queen ,elizabeth 8who had been seven years a queen before she had any coach40 ,the coach through the years maintained its place as the 8chief of every class10 and so while many vehicle-constructing concerns could add the designation--8carriagebuilder0--after their business names1 only a few deserved the appellation--8coachmaker40 ,this formal or dress coach was used in and around ,bennington1 ,vermont4 ,it was built by ,jas4 ,cunningham ,sons ,co41 ,rochester1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the directors of the ,henry ,m4 ,tuttle ,company1 of ,bennington1 ,vermont1 in memory of ,mr4 ,fred ,stickles1 for many years president of that company4 ,illustration ,,irish ,,jaunting ,,car ,body and wheels painted black4 ,also known as outside car1 ,irish side car1 jogging cart4 ,in #ahhi1 the ,duke of ,beaufort writing his volume on ,driving for the ,badminton ,library ,series pointed out that 8the outside car1 so common in the land of ,ireland itself1 has made little way elsewhere4 ,it may be described as a dog cart body hung sideways1 but the similitude goes no further1 for it is suspended on a pair of low wheels which revolve inside1 or rather under the body4444 ,the driver sometimes sits on a separate seat in front and at other times on one of the side seats4 ,to ride on or drive an ,irish car requires a certain amount of teaching1 training or practice4 ,visitors from other countries are very apt to be thrown off into the road if the driver is humorous or lively and turns a street corner quickly2 any stranger who rides on an ,irish car ought to be advised to hold fast and not relax his hold till he has safely ended his drive40 ,this car was made in ,dublin1 ,ireland for ,mr4 ,william ,c4 ,indicott who in #aicj presented it to ,mr4 ,charles ,sumner ,bird4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,charles ,sumner ,bird of ,east ,walpole1 ,massachusetts4 ,illustration ,,hansom ,,cab ,body painted black2 gear painted red4 ,trimmed in black leather4 ,joseph ,hansom1 the inventor1 patented this type of cab 7which is the shortened form of cabriolet7 in #ahcd4 ,forder1 another coachbuilder1 redesigned it in #ahgc and it became a popular carriage for hire1 both in this country and in even greater numbers in ,england where it was known as the 8gondola of ,london40 ,limited amounts of luggage could be carried on top of the cab and in the space between the apron and dashboard4 ,this hansom1 as evidenced by the baggage rail on the roof1 was a public conveyance1 but these vehicles also found a place in town stables as private cabs during the latter years of the #aith century4 ,essentially a man's carriage for town use1 they were often finished in flash colors4 ,the servant who drove the private hansom wore a dark cutaway1 trousers and high felt or derby hat4 ,in cold weather he was supplied with a cloth overcoat and a lap rug2 in rainy weather an 8upper benjamin0 or poncho-like garment in a waterproof material and a weather-apron to protect his trousers4 ,,coaching ,,and ,,other ,,four-,,in-,,hand ,,vehicles ,illustration ,,road ,,coach 8,,liberty0 ,body painted maroon and black1 red wheels4 ,trimmed in leather4 ,this famous road coach ,,liberty was built in ,paris by ,million et ,guiet and is a reproduction of the old royal mail coaches used in ,england4 ,it was built especially for ,mr4 ,james ,hazen ,hyde1 one of the outstanding 8whips0 of the coaching revival1 who had it brought over here and ran it as a public road coach from ,holland ,house in ,new ,york city to ,laurel-in-the-,pines1 ,lakewood1 ,new ,jersey4 ,in #aija ,mr4 ,alfred ,gwynne ,vanderbilt and ,mr4 ,hyde made a record run in the ,,liberty to ,bellevue ,hotel in ,philadelphia from ,holland ,house in ,new ,york and return in the time of #ai hours and #ce minutes4 ,seventy-eight horses spaced along the route were used in this record-breaking run4 ,the ,,liberty was also driven up the ,st4 ,bernard's ,pass to the ,monk's ,monastery in ,switzerland by ,mr4 ,hyde1 a feat which more than justified his claim to the title 8gentleman coachman40 ,gift of ,mr4 ,j4 ,ford ,johnson1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 7,courtesy ,new ,york ,historical ,society1 ,new ,york ,city7 7,above7 ,road coach ,,liberty crossing the bridge near ,turkey ,blue ,ball1 ,new ,jersey on its ,new ,york-to-,lakewood run4 ,watercolor by ,max ,klepper painted #aijc1 one of a series of twelve showing the different views along the route4 ,these paintings may be seen at the ,new ,york ,historical ,society--gift of ,mr4 ,james ,hazen ,hyde4 ,illustration3 7,below7 ,pen and ink water color by ,crafty showing the road coach ,,liberty in ,france4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,james ,hazen ,hyde to ,shelburne ,museum4 ,illustration ,,park ,,drag ,body painted dark olive green1 green gear4 ,interior trimming is in green leather2 exterior trimming is in tan cord4 ,the park drag resembles the road coach but is a lighter vehicle and is intended for four-in-hand driving by the owner-coachman for his own amusement and that of his friends4 ,the ,coaching ,club of ,new ,york each year sponsored ,meets for their members4 ,sometimes these drives occupied an hour or so and the coaches returned to point of departure and there separated2 on other occasions the coaches went to some out-of-town place for lunch or dinner and returned independently4 ,fairman ,rogers in his ,manual of ,coaching 7#ahii7 mentions the placement of passenger load for these ,meets3 8,the wife of the owner1 if he has one1 takes the box-seat 7with him72 two ladies and two men on the front roof-seat1 the back of the hind roof-seat is turned down and the two grooms are in the rumble 444 in the case of mourning1 when the wife of a member does not1 for that reason1 wish to appear at the ,meet1 a lady takes her place1 or the load is made up of men only40 ,illustration 8,the only occasion on which the wife of the owner1 if she is on the coach at all1 is not on the box-seat1 is when a very distinguished personage such as the ,president of the ,united ,states takes that seat on the leading coach4 ,if the owner is unmarried1 the lady on the box is usually one of his own family40 ,the photograph above taken in ,central ,park1 ,new ,york1 shows ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb on the box at the commencement of one of the ,coaching ,parades4 ,in the lower picture1 ,miss ,frederica ,v4 ,webb 7daughter of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb7 handles the 8ribbons0 for the ,ladies' ,coaching ,parade4 ,her brother1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 is on the box-seat with her4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,illustration ,,road ,,coach 8,,defiance0 ,body painted black with red gear4 ,varnished interior2 wicker seats4 ,the ,,defiance was built by ,brewster and ,company1 ,new ,york for ,mr4 ,c4 ,ledyard ,blair1 father of the donor1 and belonged to him over a period of nearly #ej years4 ,originally painted in his colors1 primrose and black1 the coach was driven in many parades and on coaching club trips4 ,in #aice ,mr4 ,blair presented this coach to ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 husband of the donor1 and at that time it was repainted in the regular ,gambrill colors4 ,these coaches were copies of the earlier ,english mail coach and each was given its own name4 ,points of departure1 destination and intermediate towns were painted in bright colors to a set pattern1 and the names 8,vernon ,manor1 ,peapack1 ,gladstone1 ,far ,hills and ,bedminster0 appear on this coach4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill ,illustration ,,skeleton ,,break ,body and gear painted bright yellow with black4 ,the skeleton break 7or brake7 was used to exercise the four-in-hand team and also for breaking the team to harness4 ,the driver's seat was placed high and this offered him some protection in his dangerous task of putting-to and subduing the horses when they first commenced their team work4 ,youngsters or fresh horses would be put-to in double harness to a break with an old and reliable specially trained 8break horse0 or 8schoolmaster40 ,an additional stable-helper would usually stand on the front platform holding on behind the box so that he was free to jump easily on or off as occasion demanded1 thus leaving the driver free to cope with his inevitable problems brought on by the high spirits of the fresh 8young one40 ,this skeleton break was built by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,f4 ,ambrose ,clark of ,cooperstown1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,,body ,,break ,,with ,,perch ,body painted dark olive green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in tan cord4 ,the break 7or brake7 was a most useful adjunct to establishments where four horses were kept1 as it could be used to exercise the team1 or as an alternative to the road coach for four-in-hand work when the road coach or drag would be considered too 8dressy40 ,this type of break was also known as a wagonette break4 ,it was most often used with four horses1 although in the country the unicorn team 7three horses1 one leader and two wheelers7 was sometimes used4 ,the break was a most spacious1 roomy and useful carriage for station or other rough work4 ,here the seat length has been curtailed to make room for the additional forward-facing seat which is removable4 ,this break was built by ,brewster and ,company of ,new ,york and the ,webb coat-of-arms has been incorporated on either side in the center spindle4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration3 ,photo above shows ,dr4 ,w ,seward ,webb with his son ,j4 ,watson ,webb on the box with him1 and his daughter ,frederica on the side lengthwise seat4 ,this picture of the body break was taken about #ahhf or #ahhg at ,oakledge1 the ,webb home in ,burlington1 ,vermont1 before they moved to ,shelburne4 ,illustration3 ,in the photograph below1 taken about #aijc at ,shelburne ,farms1 the body break is harnessed with four of the first home-bred half-breed hackneys out of native mares4 ,,carriages ,,of ,,american ,,origin ,illustration ,,three-,,seat ,,surrey ,body painted dark green1 green gear4 ,trimmed in tan canvas4 ,because of its great popularity the surrey was stocked even at mail-order houses during the latter part of the #aith and early years of the #bjth century4 ,as today there is an automobile for each ,american1 no matter what his financial standing1 so in those days there was a carriage manufactured especially for his needs1 and one of the mail-order houses advertised that its volume of business was so great that it expected to make only #a profit on its least expensive model4 ,the hit song of the musical comedy ,oklahoma was the 8,surrey with the ,fringe on ,top0 and this vehicle1 a particularly elegant and sophisticated version of the surrey1 answers that description4 ,illustration ,,extension-,,top ,,surrey ,body painted dark olive green1 striped with red4 ,trimmed in black4 ,the extension-top used on this surrey was later incorporated into the early auto designs4 ,this surrey was built in ,burlington1 ,vermont by ,j4 ,r4 and ,j4 ,h4 ,lockwood and was used in and around this community for many years by the ,wells family1 who were connected with the manufacture of dyes and patent medicine4 ,the ,wells and ,richardson ,company commenced business in #ahgb and seven years later began an intensive advertising program for their then little-known remedy1 8,kidney-,wort40 ,in #ahha they invested #aej1jjj in direct advertising--a phenomenal sum at that time1 but the sales justified the expenditure1 as they mounted to over half-a-million dollars that year4 ,wells and ,richardson also manufactured ,diamond ,dyes and 8,improved ,butter ,color0 and these products earned a world-wide reputation for this ,burlington1 ,vermont business concern4 ,illustration ,,depot ,,wagon ,,or ,,curtain ,,rockaway ,body painted black with red gear4 ,trimmed in black broadcloth4 ,there were many types of rockaways1 but the distinguishing feature of this vehicle is the roof which projected over the driver1 assuring him of some protection in inclement weather4 ,this depot wagon or curtain rockaway also has the enameled leather curtains which could be rolled up on fine days1 and yet dropped quickly for protection if caught out in a shower4 ,after a rain storm1 the curtains were dressed with sweet or sperm-oil rubbed on with a greased rag1 and with proper care1 they proved durable and remained pliable for many years4 ,this vehicle was used particularly to take guests to and from the railway station in suburban ,philadelphia1 but it also served for shopping expeditions4 ,it was built by ,horace ,ervien1 of ,ogontz1 ,pennsylvania4 ,gift of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,lippincott1 ,jenkintown1 ,pennsylvania ,illustration ,,coup ,,rockaway ,dark green1 striped with red4 ,trimmed with leather seat1 green satin roof interior and padded seat back4 ,the rockaway was a popular close carriage of both the affluent and not so wealthy ,american family2 in the year #aijj1 for instance1 only #hdf broughams 7a comparable close carriage7 were built as compared with #c1aff rockaways turned out that year4 ,this vehicle is elegantly fitted out with leather card case1 as well as clock case built into the interior lining4 ,it was used by the ,wells family of ,burlington1 ,vermont1 and was a product of ,kimball ,brothers ,company1 ,boston2 ,z4 ,thompson ,bros4 ,builders1 ,portland1 ,maine4 ,the ,wells monogram painted in red on the door panel adds an extra touch of tasteful decoration4 ,illustration ,,six-,,passenger ,,rockaway ,body painted dark green4 ,trimmed in eggshell corded broadcloth1 embroidered with green leaf motif on corded silk fabric4 ,although in excellent condition1 this rockaway is one of the older vehicles in the collection and was used prior to #aheh by ,gen4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb4 ,his daughter ,catherine married ,james ,g4 ,benton of the ,u4,s4 ,army ,ordnance ,department in #aheh1 and the ,bentons used the rockaway when they lived in ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,benton1 a ,west ,point graduate1 was the author of many valuable reports on ordnance and wrote the course of instruction in ordnance and gunnery used by the cadets at the ,u4,s4 military academy4 ,col4 ,benton's experiments on a new type of rifled musket led to the development of the ,springfield rifle1 and he superintended the construction of the early models of this gun at the ,springfield ,armory where he served as commanding officer4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,,buckboard ,,phaeton ,natural color varnished body4 ,trimmed in tan cord1 black leather top4 ,this buckboard was made by ,joubert ,white of ,glens ,falls1 ,new ,york and was used by ,dr4 ,webb in this community for many years4 ,the natural varnished body was a deceptively simple vehicle finish4 ,in the ,coachmaker's ,illustrated ,handbook1 published in #ahge1 the chapter on painting pointed out the hazards of the clear varnish finish3 8,the varnish can crawl1 run1 enamel1 pit1 blotch1 sag down and hang on the lower edge2 smoke or cloud over2 appear as though dust had been dredged on it through a piece of fine mull1 or gather up and hang in heavy ridges or beads along the center part of the spokes and other carriage parts4 ,these irregularities will happen with the best quality of varnish and with workmen of undoubted skill1 and are caused by atmospheric influences alone40 ,the ,english varnish was preferred by carriage painters1 for they believed it possessed a secret ingredient which made it the finest available at that time4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration ,,pony ,,buckboard ,natural varnished body1 yellow gear striped in black4 ,trimmed in brown corduroy4 ,this buckboard was used by the ,webb children and was pony-drawn4 ,it was made by ,j4 ,b4 ,dubuc who was the ,shelburne town blacksmith1 and whose smithy is now located at the museum1 having been moved to the grounds in ,january of #aief from its location next to the railroad tracks4 ,dubuc came to ,shelburne in #ahfi from ,canada and with his capital of #ee and his trade as a blacksmith set himself up in business4 ,he was the owner of a livery stable1 paint shop1 harness and carriage shop and operated the meat market here in ,shelburne as a sideline4 ,retiring when his health failed1 he took an active part in town affairs1 serving as school director and town library treasurer4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,these two photos were taken at ,shelburne ,farms1 ,shelburne1 ,vermont in the early #ahij's4 ,illustration3 ,top photo shows ,j4 ,watson ,webb 7holding the reins7 and ,w4 ,seward ,webb1 ,jr41 sons of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb in the pony buckboard4 ,illustration3 ,lower photo shows ,vanderbilt ,webb1 the other son of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,webb with his dogs and the family coachman sitting in front of one of ,dr4 ,webb's buggies4 ,illustration ,,double ,,buckboard ,body painted black2 gear painted red4 ,trimmed in brown leather4 ,the true buckboard has been defined as a light four-wheeled vehicle in which the body and springs are replaced by long1 elastic boards1 supported at the ends directly by the axles4 ,the driver's comfort1 as well as that of his passengers1 depended upon the resiliency of the boards themselves1 and the buckboard proved a far more comfortable vehicle for long trips than might be expected4 ,this buckboard was used at the ,kildare ,club in the ,adirondacks in the #ahhj's4 ,after this club was sold1 the buckboard was used at ,nehasane1 in ,hamilton ,county1 ,new ,york1 a game preserve and hunting camp owned by ,dr4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 ,shelburne1 ,vermont4 ,illustration ,,triple ,,buckboard ,body and gear in natural varnish finish4 ,trimmed with black leather4 ,single and double buckboards are often found1 but this triple buckboard is considered a rare example4 ,it was made for ,dr4 ,e4 ,d4 ,ferguson of ,troy1 ,new ,york about #ahhe to his order in ,glens ,falls1 ,new ,york4 ,it descended to his grandson1 the little boy sitting with his mother in the rear seat of the buckboard in the old photo below1 who gave it to the museum in #aiec4 ,gift of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,charles ,everard ,childs1 ,manchester1 ,vermont ,illustration ,,unclassified ,,vehicles ,illustration ,,racing ,,sulky ,framework and wheels painted yellow4 ,this type of two-wheel cart was used for exercising and racing trotting horses4 ,built as light as possible with practically no body work1 these sulkies were really mere frames supporting the single seat4 ,from mid-#aith century1 trotting parks and race tracks were established in the ,new ,england states4 ,these were the natural outgrowth of the impromptu brushes between drivers on the road4 ,the trot is the most comfortable for the driver and the easiest gait for the horse in harness1 and then too the ,new ,england ,puritan conscience could be quieted with the explanation that light harness racing was in reality an attempt to improve the breed of trotters4 ,races at local fair grounds gave breeders a chance to see their home-grown stock in action and competition with the 8experts0 on tour4 ,a prize-winning performance on the track always influenced prices1 and many a farmer dreamed of raising a trotter that would one day bring him real fame4 ,illustration ,,skeleton ,,wagon ,body and wheels painted red4 ,this light racing cart was found in ,westford1 ,vermont and shows the webbed seat and pencil-slim spokes of the early skeleton wagon4 ,rural communities here in ,vermont have enjoyed harness racing for many years1 and ,bertha ,oppenheim 7,winged ,seed7 depicted the ,fourth of ,july races held in the early years of this century in ,ferrisburg1 a small community just south of the ,shelburne ,museum4 ,the brass band had been engaged far in advance2 ice cream and lemonade were on sale in the refreshment tents2 horses had been entered from as far away as ,rutland and ,manchester1 ,vermont--and even from across the lake in ,new ,york ,state4 ,hundreds of buggies and horses were hitched to fences everywhere and ,ford cars were parked on the sidelines too4 ,the racing carts1 decorated with many colors1 lined the track4 ,the 8trots0 were exciting1 but the free-for-all race was the climax of the celebration4 ,illustration ,,tub ,,cart ,natural color varnish2 metal-rimmed ties4 ,trimmed in brown leather4 ,each of the ,webb children in turn learned to drive in this little cart dating from about #ahhc and made to ,dr4 ,webb's specifications by a local wheelwright4 ,wheelwrights often made entire vehicles and served as village carpenters4 ,wheel-making consisted of several processes--the hub was first turned by hand lathe and then mortised to take the spokes4 ,felloes or fellies 7the wooden outer rim of the wheel71 cut by the bow saw and adzed to shape1 were then mortised and fitted to the spokes4 ,fitting the outer rim to the completed wheel was the final operation4 ,in the old days the wheel was straked--that is1 overlapping iron plates were nailed to the rim of the wheel4 ,about #ahej the hoop tire began to supersede the strake4 ,here the length of iron was welded into a hoop1 heated so that it would expand and then dropped onto the wheel4 ,it was cooled with buckets of water and after shrinking made a tight1 secure metal rim for the wheel4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,illustration3 7,above7 ,the ,webb head coachman holding the pony and ,frederica1 aged #d and ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 #b years old1 each with one of the reins4 ,even before children could walk1 they were given their first driving and riding lessons4 ,illustration3 7,below7 ,frederica has graduated4 ,she is now #e years old2 her gentle pony is ,frieda and she can drive alone4 ,both these pictures were taken at ,oakledge1 in ,burlington1 ,vermont and show the little ,tub ,cart designed by ,dr4 ,webb4 ,illustration ,,kentucky ,,breaking ,,cart ,body painted red4 ,trimmed with brown leather4 ,not a carriage in the true meaning of the word1 this type of vehicle was intended solely for breaking horses4 ,the very long shafts kept the float body and its occupant at a comfortable distance from the heels of the young horse being schooled1 and because of the placement of the seat1 the driver was given better control and greater security4 ,this cart could also be used for exercising horses4 ,manufactured by the ,h4 ,h4 ,babcock ,company of ,watertown1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,dr4 ,stuart ,orton1 ,rahway1 ,new ,jersey4 ,illustration ,,concord ,,wagon ,body originally painted old blue color4 ,the concord wagon was the name given to this type of vehicle1 although companies other than the ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire firm of ,downing and ,abbot manufactured them4 ,in #ahac ,lewis ,downing started building vehicles in ,concord4 ,he formed a partnership with ,stephen ,abbot1 which was later dissolved4 ,abbot continued manufacturing vehicles and later a new company1 ,abbot-,downing ,company of ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire was formed4 ,stage coaches1 mountain wagons1 horse-drawn barges1 even horse-drawn street railway cars were manufactured at the ,abbot-,downing shops over the years4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,hill1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire ,illustration ,,pleasure ,,wagon ,green1 red wheels1 picked out with black4 ,this vehicle1 with its light green acorn stencilled pattern1 is one of the oldest carriages in this collection4 ,it was licensed in #ahae in ,vergennes1 ,vermont by ,beldon ,seymour4 ,it is of hand construction and follows the principles of early framing with the use of mortising and pegging the parts together4 ,this carriage transported ,president ,james ,monroe during his tour of the ,northern ,states in ,july of #ahag1 and ,commodore ,mac,donough of ,lake ,champlain fame was also a passenger in this vehicle that year4 ,in #ahhh ,mr4 ,sheldon of ,middlebury purchased this wagon from a ,mr4 ,kellogg for #de and presented it to the ,sheldon ,museum4 ,on loan from the ,sheldon ,museum1 ,middlebury1 ,vermont4 ,illustration ,,canadian ,,cal,,che ,body painted black2 red and yellow striping2 light grey wheels4 ,trimming3 beige broadcloth with beige lace4 ,the ,canadian calche differs greatly from the ,french calche1 which is a four-wheeled vehicle4 ,the body of this two-wheeled ,canadian example rests upon leather braces which are suspended from ,c-shaped supports4 ,this vehicle displays an extensive use of striping for decoration1 but in a restrained manner4 8,the variety of styles in striping are limited10 said ,i4 ,d4 ,ware in his instructions to carriage painters in #ahge1 8,when we discard those which lessen rather than increase the beauty of the work4 ,we first had the fine line enlivened by being dotted at the ends of each stripe 444 gradually changes took place in the quantity of striping run on as the desire arose for gaudy colors4 ,modest and retiring colors were in great measure abandoned1 ushering in straw1 orange1 red and crimson and these were followed and accompanied with a perfect shower of gold leaf40 ,illustration ,,mountain ,,wagon ,body painted very dark green1 striped in red2 gear black4 ,trimmed in black leather4 ,this mountain wagon was originally owned by the ,mount ,pleasant ,hotel up in the ,crawford ,notch1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,at the turn of the century1 these elegant resort hotels in the ,white mountains used these wagons to take their guests to the summit where an elaborate picnic lunch was served to them4 ,note the hand brake--it is exceptionally sturdy1 for one of these vehicles carrying its full quota of passengers weighed a considerable amount1 and checking the rate of descent of the steep mountain roads was somewhat of a problem4 ,this vehicle was built by the ,abbot-,downing ,company of ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,illustration ,,barge ,green and yellow body1 yellow gear4 ,lettering ,,lady ,,oxford in straw color shadow-outlined in red 7recently repainted74 ,mr4 ,jabez ,w4 ,peterson1 #ge years old in #aied1 was the driver of this barge from #aijh to #aiah when it carried passengers to the ,brant ,rock ,beach section from the ,marshfield1 ,massachusetts depot4 ,the barge was built in ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire by the ,abbot-,downing ,company and was one of #f or #h that regularly plied the beach circuit4 ,baggage was carried free1 and the income from this barge1 according to ,mr4 ,peterson amounted to #a1jjj in one month at #ce fares4 ,three or four trips were made every day1 including ,sunday4 ,sam and ,john1 ,genevera and ,pete1 four sorrel horses with white manes and tails1 pulled the ,,lady ,,oxford4 8,i drove that barge in all the parades10 said ,mr4 ,peterson1 8and carried the bands1 ,grand ,army men1 etc4 ,all these older men have passed on1 and ,i believe ,i am the only one left that would remember about that barge40 ,illustration ,,schroon ,,lake ,,concord ,,coach ,body painted yellow with orange trim4 ,interior is russet leather4 ,the ,concord coaches have become a more familiar sight1 perhaps1 to the youngsters of today than to their parents1 for television with its ,wild ,west movies has made the ,concord the trademark of the west4 ,the opening of the gold fields in ,california--the ,comstock ,lode1 the ,nevada silver camps--the famous ,wells ,fargo saga--all these were made possible because of the ,concord coach4 ,the men who drove the coaches and their exploits have become the folklore of ,america4 ,until the completion of the transcontinental railroad1 the two choices open to a traveller to the west were the long and arduous voyage by sea around the ,cape of ,good ,hope or the equally dangerous trip by stagecoach over the towering mountains and down precipitous grades4 ,rigid time schedules were maintained2 the six horses used on many of the stages were pushed to their capacity1 and the drivers who trekked over the ,sierra ,nevada made the ,placerville grade the busiest thoroughfare west of the ,rockies4 ,dozens of ,concord coaches rolled on daily schedules and scaled the heights of #gbjj feet as a matter of course4 ,the ,concord was of the same body form as the oldtime ,english coaches of the #ahth century4 ,the two lengthwise 8thorough-braces0 fashioned of several strips of leather stitched together1 absorbed some of the shock4 ,the body hung on these braces with the driver's seat high in front and an integral part of the coach4 ,inside there was room for #i passengers 7though often more were crowded in7 and the capacity of the coaches was #d1jjj lbs4 ,the bodies were rounded and smoothly curved with drop windows and painted decorations of eagles1 scrolls and pastoral scenes4 ,curtains and upholstery were most often of russet leather4 ,there was another version of the ,concord coach--similar in appearance1 but specifically designed for the ,eastern part of the ,united ,states and of lighter construction4 ,these coaches were the connecting links to the railroads until a surprisingly recent time4 ,such a model is the one illustrated below4 ,it was operated by ,waddel ,emerson and ran between the railroad station at ,riverside1 ,new ,york1 and the steamboat landing on ,schroon ,lake1 near ,pottersville4 ,from there1 passengers took the steamer ,evelyn to the village of ,schroon at the head of the lake or intermediate points4 ,illustration3 ,photo--,gift of ,mr4 ,albert ,jacob1 ,jr4 ,scarsdale1 ,new ,york--showing the ,schroon ,lake coach at intersection of ,routes #h and #i at ,loon ,lake in the ,town of ,chester1 ,warren ,county4 ,photo taken about #aijg or #aijh4 ,illustration ,,concord ,,mud ,,wagon ,body painted ,indian red1 remnants of yellow paint on gear4 ,this type ,concord1 known as the ,california mud wagon or poor man's ,concord1 incorporated the same principles of construction found in the finer ,concords1 but the joinery was done in a simpler manner and the body was shaped with flat sides instead of the egg shape of the regular ,concords4 ,this mud wagon was used in ,herkimer ,county1 ,new ,york and was probably built by ,abbot and ,downing1 for it is identical with their style number #bjh4 ,illustration ,,highland ,,alpine ,,house ,,concord ,,coach ,red with gold and black trim2 interior is heavy crimson mohair4 ,this coach1 completed ,april #e1 #aheb1 was used by the ,highland and ,alpine hotels in the ,white ,mountains of ,new ,hampshire4 ,in blurred pencil markings on the inside door where the lining has fallen away can still be seen the names of the men who worked on this coach--,john ,l4 ,french1 wheelwright2 ,william ,l4 ,pearson1 trimmer2 ,john ,bergum1 painter4 ,great care was lavished on the painting of the scrolls1 striping and decorative scenes on the door panels4 ,customers usually had definite ideas as to what they wanted--8ornament up rich and tasty10 8flowers and nice landscapes on doors20 8put eagle10 8on the other door a female figure10 8on the door ,pharaoh's horses10 8a lady on horseback20 8,queen ,victoria0 7this for a stage line in ,nova ,scotia1 ,canada72 8a coach and horses painted in the road10 8horses on one door and dogs on the other0--,these specifications appear on the old order forms in the archives of the ,new ,hampshire ,historical ,society4 ,bibliography ,,adams1 ,,william ,,bridges1 ,english ,pleasure ,carriages1 ,london1 ,england #ahcg ,,beaufort1 ,,duke ,,of1 ,driving1 ,badminton ,series1 ,london1 ,england #ahhi ,,belloc1 ,,hilaire1 ,highway and its ,vehicles1 ,london1 ,england #aibf ,,burgess1 ,,james ,w41 ,practical ,treatise on ,coach ,building1 ,london1 ,england #ahha ,,downing1 ,,paul ,h41 ,carriage ,gallery at the ,new ,york ,historical ,society1 ,new ,york ,historical ,society ,quarterly1 ,october #aiej ,,earle1 ,,alice ,,morse1 ,stage ,coach and ,tavern ,days1 ,new ,york #aijj ,,felton1 ,,william1 ,a ,treatise on ,carriages1 ,london1 ,england #agif ,,fitzgerald1 ,,wm4 ,n41 ,carriage ,trimmers' ,manual and ,guide ,book and ,illustrated ,technical ,dictionary1 ,new ,york #ahha ,,garland1 ,,james ,a41 ,the ,private ,stable1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts #aijc ,,gilbey1 ,,sir ,,walter1 ,modern ,carriages1 ,london1 ,england #aije ,,howlett1 ,e41 ,driving ,lessons1 ,new ,york #ahid ,,hunt1 ,,elmer ,,munson1 ,abbot-,downing and the ,concord ,coach1 ,historical ,new ,hampshire ,quarterly #aide ,,knight1 ,,capt4 ,c4 ,,morley1 ,hints on ,driving1 ,london1 ,england #ahie ,,lene1 ,la ,sellerie ,franais et trangre1 ,paris1 ,france #ahgh ,,mccausland1 ,,hugh1 ,the ,english ,carriage1 ,london1 ,england #aidh ,,mitchell1 ,,edwin ,,valentine1 ,horse and ,buggy ,age in ,new ,england1 ,new ,york #aicg ,,mosemans'1 ,illustrated ,guide for ,purchasers of ,horse ,furnishing ,goods1 etc4 ,new ,york1 no date--about #ahij ,,rittenhouse1 ,,jack ,d41 ,american ,horse-drawn ,vehicles1 ,los ,angeles1 ,calif4 #aidh ,,rogers1 ,,fairman1 ,a ,manual of ,coaching1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aijj ,,throm1 ,,edward ,l41 ,popular ,mechanics ,picture ,history of ,american ,transportation1 ,new ,york #aieb ,,underhill1 ,,francis ,t41 ,driving for ,pleasure1 ,new ,york #ahif ,,wall1 ,,margaret ,v41 ,carriage ,house of the ,suffolk ,museum at ,stony ,brook1 ,long ,island1 ,new ,york #aied ,,ware1 ,,francis ,m41 ,driving1 ,new ,york #aijc ,,ware1 ,i4 ,d41 ,coach-makers' ,illustrated ,handbook1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ahge 99 99 99 99 99 ,secondary sources--pamphlets1 newspaper clippings1 correspondence1 and carriage maker's catalogs4 ,illustration ,catalog of ,vehicles at ,shelburne ,museum ,note--,sleighs1 commercial and farm wagons1 miniatures1 and fire equipment will be included in subsequent publications4 ,,catalog ,,illustrated ,,number ,,on ,,page ,v-#a ,,road ,,cart 7about #ahgj7 ,museum collection ,v-#b ,,one-,,horse ,,chaise 7about #ahcj7 ,built by ,coach and ,chaise ,manufacturer1 ,charlestown1 ,massachusetts4 ,on loan1 ,sheldon ,museum1 ,middlebury1 ,vermont ,v-#c ,,chaise 7late #ahth century7 #i ,museum collection ,v-#d ,,doctor',s ,,gig 7about #ahjj7 #aj ,on loan1 ,sheldon ,museum1 ,middlebury1 ,vermont ,v-#e ,,canadian ,,cal,,che 7about #ahhe7 #eg ,museum collection ,v-#f ,,doctor',s ,,gig 7early #aith century7 ,museum collection ,v-#g ,,curtain ,,rockaway 7early #aith century7 ,on loan1 ,sheldon ,museum1 ,middlebury1 ,vermont2 gift to them by ,c4 ,bullard of ,new ,haven1 ,vermont ,v-#h ,,pleasure ,,wagon 8,president's ,carriage0 7early #aith century7 #ef ,on loan1 ,sheldon ,museum1 ,middlebury1 ,vermont ,v-#i ,,irish ,,jaunting ,,car 7about #aijj7 ,gift of ,mr4 ,cleveland ,dodge1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york ,v-#aj ,,panel-,,boot ,,victoria 7about #ahie7 #ai ,built by ,henry ,hooker ,company1 ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut 7#adjj74 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,charles ,e4 ,tilton1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire ,v-#aa ,,octagon ,,front ,,rockaway 7about #ahij7 ,museum collection ,v-#ab 8,,wicker-,,seat0 ,,cabriolet 7about #ahfe7 ,museum collection ,v-#ac ,,ladies' ,,driving ,,phaeton--parasol top 7about #ahij7 ,museum collection ,v-#ad ,,cut-,,under ,,phaeton 7about #ahij7 #c ,museum collection ,v-#ae ,,curricle 7about #aijj7 #h ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,museum collection ,v-#af ,,meadowbrook ,,cart 7about #aijj7 ,museum collection ,v-#ag ,,three-,,seat ,,surrey 7about #aijj7 #dj ,museum collection ,v-#ah ,,dog ,,cart 7about #ahij7 #aa ,built by ,fred ,f4 ,french and ,company1 ,sudbury ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,arthur ,brown1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire ,v-#ai ,,cut-,,under ,,basket ,,phaeton 7about #aijj7 #f ,gift of ,mr4 ,arthur ,brown1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire ,v-#bj ,,pony ,,buckboard 7about #ahie7 ,built by ,joubert ,white1 ,glens ,falls1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 ,shelburne1 ,vt4 ,v-#ba ,,extension-,,top ,,surrey 7about #aijj7 #da ,built by ,j4 ,r4 and ,j4 ,h4 ,lockwood1 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,museum collection ,v-#bb ,,coup ,,rockaway 7about #aijj7 #dc ,built by ,z4 ,thompson ,bros41 ,portland1 ,maine and ,kimball ,brothers ,company1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,museum collection ,v-#bc ,,stick-,,seat ,,surrey 7about #aijj7 ,sold by ,walter ,b4 ,johnson1 ,essex ,junction1 ,vermont2 built by ,cortland ,cart and ,carriage ,company1 ,sidney1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,edward ,h4 ,loomis1 ,addison1 ,vermont4 ,v-#bd ,,leather ,,top ,,surrey 7about #aijj7 ,museum collection ,v-#be ,,rockaway 7about #ahhe7 ,built by ,sargent and ,company1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,gift of ,fanny ,allen ,hospital1 ,burlington1 ,vermont ,v-#bf ,,miniature ,,brougham 7about #ahhe7 ,gift of ,fanny ,allen ,hospital1 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,v-#bg ,,stick-,,seat ,,buckboard1 8,liar's ,wagon0 7about #ahhe7 ,museum collection ,v-#bh ,,governess ,,cart 7about #aijj7 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,wilfred ,rhodes1 ,st4 ,thomas1 ,jamaica ,v-#bi ,,concord ,,wagon 7about #ahdj7 #ee ,built by ,downing ,abbot41 ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,hill1 ,tilton1 ,new ,hampshire ,v-#cj ,,skeleton ,,wagon 7about #ahgj7 #ea ,museum collection ,v-#ca ,,hansom ,,cab 7about #ahie7 #ca ,built by ,hincks ,johnson1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,museum collection ,v-#cb ,,kentucky ,,breaking ,,cart 7about #ahie7 #ed ,built by ,h4 ,h4 ,babcock ,company1 ,watertown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gift of ,dr4 ,stuart ,orton1 ,rahway1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#cc ,,depot ,,wagon 7about #ahij7 #db ,built by ,horace ,ervien1 ,ogontz1 ,pennsylvania4 ,gift of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,lippincott1 ,jenkintown1 ,pa4 ,v-#cd ,,sicilian ,,donkey ,,cart 7about #aicb7 ,built ,fabrica ,carri1 ,montoleone1 ,palermo1 ,sicily4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#ce ,,pony ,,break 7about #aich7 ,built by ,dennis ,brothers1 ,london1 ,england4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#cf ,,pony ,,dog ,,cart 8,going-to-,cover ,cart0 7about #ahij7 #ad ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#cg ,,spider ,,phaeton 7about #ahij7 #b ,built by ,muhlbacher1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#ch ,,runabout 7about #aijj7 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#ci ,,buckboard ,,buggy 7about #aijj7 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#dj ,,buckboard 7about #ahhe74 ,gift of ,mr4 ,scott ,lord ,smith1 ,poughkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y4 ,v-#da ,,tub ,,cart 7about #ahhc7 #eb ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#db ,,pony ,,buckboard 7about #ahij7 #df ,built by ,j4 ,b4 ,dubuc1 ,shelburne1 ,vermont4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#dc ,,pony ,,buckboard 7about #aijj7 ,built by ,joubert ,white 7#abjb7 ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#dd ,,buckboard ,,phaeton 7about #ahie7 #de ,built by ,joubert ,white1 ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#de ,,buckboard ,,with ,,rumble ,,seat 7about #aijj7 ,built by ,joubert ,white1 ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#df ,,mail ,,phaeton 7about #ahhb7 #a ,built by ,f4 ,s4 ,brown ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#dg ,,skeleton-,,boot ,,victoria 7about #aijd7 #bj ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#dh ,,berlin 7about #ahij7 #bf ,built by ,million et ,guiet1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#di ,,tandem ,,cart 7about #ahij7 #ab ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ej ,,break ,,with ,,perch--,wagonette ,break 7about #ahie7 #ch ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ea ,,cal,,che 7about #ahij7 #bd ,built by ,million et ,guiet1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#eb ,,private ,,omnibus 7about #ahij7 #bc ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ec ,,brougham 7about #ahij7 #af ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ed #f-,,passenger ,,rockaway 7about #ahej7 #dd ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ee ,,vis--,,vis 7about #ahij7 #bb ,built by ,brewster ,co4 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ef ,,george ,,iv ,,phaeton 7about #ahhb7 #d ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#eg ,,buckboard ,,surrey 7about #aijj7 ,built by ,joubert ,white1 ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#eh ,,norfolk ,,shooting ,,cart 7about #ahhe7 ,built by ,thorn ,patent ,norfolk ,carriage ,works1 ,norwich1 ,england4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#ei ,,slat-,,side ,,shooting ,,cart 7about #ahie7 #ae ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of the ,webb family in memory of ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,seward ,webb ,v-#fj ,,formal ,,coach 7about #ahij7 #bi ,gift of ,henry ,m4 ,tuttle ,company1 ,bennington1 ,vermont1 in memory of ,mr4 ,fred ,stickles1 for many years president of that company ,v-#fa ,,triple ,,buckboard 7about #ahhe7 #di ,built in ,glens ,falls ,new ,york for ,dr4 ,e4 ,d4 ,ferguson of ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,charles ,e4 ,childs1 ,manchester1 ,vermont ,v-#fb ,,double ,,buckboard 7about #ahhe7 #dh ,gift of ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson ,webb1 ,shelburne1 ,vt4 ,v-#fc ,,royal ,,spider 7about #aijj7 ,built by ,flandrau ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,gilbert ,brewer1 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,v-#fd ,,ladies' ,,phaeton 7about #aijj7 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,katherine ,thayer ,hobson1 ,new ,york ,v-#fe ,,cal,,che ,d',,enfant 7about #ahbe7 ,built in ,france4 ,museum collection4 ,v-#ff ,,landau 7about #ahhe7 #ah ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,henry ,o4 ,havemeyer1 ,mahwah1 ,new ,jersey ,v-#fg ,,mountain ,,wagon 7about #ahij7 #eh ,built by ,abbot-,downing ,co41 ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,museum collection ,v-#fh ,,barge 7about #ahij7 #ei ,built by ,abbot-,downing ,co41 ,concord1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,museum collection ,v-#fi ,,bottum ,,boat ,,wagon 7early #aith century7 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,carroll ,landon1 ,new ,haven1 ,vermont ,v-#gj ,,tunbridge ,,pleasure ,,wagon 7early #aith century7 ,museum collection ,v-#ga ,,abbott ,,pleasure ,,wagon 7early #aith century7 ,museum collection ,v-#gb ,,top ,,buggy 7about #ahhe7 ,museum collection ,v-#gc ,,dickerman ,,family ,,wagon 7early #aith century7 ,museum collection ,v-#gd ,,pleasure ,,wagon 7early #aith century7 ,museum collection ,v-#ge ,,convertible ,,carriage_/,,wagon 7about #aiaj7 ,patented 8,high ,point ,wagon0 built by ,briggs ,carriages1 ,amesbury1 ,massachusetts4 ,gift of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,gilbert ,brewer1 ,burlington1 ,vermont ,v-#gf ,,coach 7about #ahej7 #bh ,museum collection ,v-#gg ,,roof-,,seat ,,break 7about #aijj7 ,built by ,barker ,company1 ,london1 ,england4 ,museum collection ,v-#gh ,,miniature ,,phaeton 7about #ahge7 #g ,museum collection ,v-#gi ,,canadian ,,pleasure ,,cart 7early #aith century7 ,museum collection ,v-#hj ,,empire ,,cal,,che ,d',,enfant 7about #ahaj7 ,built in ,paris1 ,france4 ,museum collection ,v-#ha ,,racing ,,sulky 7about #ahgj7 #ej ,museum collection ,v-#hb ,,skeleton ,,break 7about #aiaj7 #cg ,built by ,brewster ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,f4 ,ambrose ,clark1 ,cooperstown1 ,new ,york ,v-#hc ,,irish ,,jaunting ,,car 7about #aijj7 #cj ,built ,in ,dublin1 ,ireland4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,charles ,sumner ,bird1 ,east ,walpole1 ,massachusetts ,v-#hd ,,viennese ,,wagon 7about #ahih7 ,built in ,vienna1 ,austria4 ,gift of ,mr4 ,charles ,sumner ,bird1 ,east ,walpole1 ,massachusetts ,v-#he ,,breaking ,,cart 7about #aijj7 ,gift of ,mr4 ,charles ,sumner ,bird1 ,east ,walpole1 ,mass4 ,v-#hf ,,racing ,,sulky 7about #ahgj7 ,museum 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,new ,york4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,new ,jersey ,c-#g ,,pony ,,road ,,coach 7about #aijj7 ,built by ,guiet of ,paris1 ,france4 ,gift of ,mrs4 ,gambrill in memory of her husband1 ,mr4 ,richard ,v4 ,n4 ,gambrill1 ,peapack1 ,n4 ,j4