,transcrib]'s ,note ,italic text display$ z3 italic ,,! ,,turn]',s ,,companion3 ,,conta9+ ,,in/ructions ,,9 ,,conc5tric1 ,,elliptic1 ,,& ,,ecc5tric ,,turn+2 ,,also ,,v>i\s ,plates ( ,*ucks1 ,tools1 & ,in/rum5ts3 ,,& ,,directions ,,= ,,us+ ,,! ,,ecc5tric ,,cutt]1 ,,drill1 ,,v]tical ,,cutt]1 ,,& ,,circul> ,,re/2 ,,) ,,patt]ns1 ,,& ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,work+ ,,!m4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird1 ,,indu/rial ,,publi%]1 ,no4 #djf ,,walnut ,,/reet4 #ahfh4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,preface #aa ,hi/ory ( ! ,la! #ah ,arc patt]ns describ$ #aje ---- ----1 h[ work$ #ajg ---- ----1 obs]vations ^u #ajh ,balls1 ,*9ese #fh ,balls1 h[ turn$ #aaa ,balls & holl[ sph]es #fh ,black dye = ivory #fd ,blea*+ ivory #fc ,bor+ coll>s #ec ,bor+ tools #ee ---- ----1 h[ to use prop]ly #ef ,bottle #ia ,box1 h[ made #dd ----1 h[ poli%$ #de ----1 l9$ ) orange-peel #abd ---- ---- ---- tortoise-%ell #abd ,brass :eel #gb ,catgut1 advantage ( #cb ,cem5t = ivory #aaa ---- = turn]s #aca ,circul> re/ #hf ---- saw #ch ,circles1 h[ to beg9 #gc ---- ) ecc5tric *uck #ig ,*a9 #aaa ,*isels #ce ,*ucks #ci ----1 to make 9 wood #db ----1 *oice ( wood = #db ----1 c5t]+ wood = #dc ----1 = "w #df ----1 trav]s+ #eb ----1 h[ to use #ec ,copp] tools #cf ,drill #hj ----1 %ape & uses #hj ----1 description ( tools belong+ to #hc ,ecc5tric turn+ #ga ---- cutt] describ$ #gd ---- ----1 its uses #gf ---- ----1 its tools #gf ---- ---- patt]ns #gg ---- ---- *uck #id ---- ---- ----1 h[ to use #ig ---- ---- ---- patt]ns #ih ,ecc5tric cutt] & *uck unit$ #aae ---- ---- patt]ns work$ ) !m #aae ---- ---- pill>s #aji ,elliptic ma*9e #fe ,fl[]s turn$ 9 ivory #fi ,glue1 to make #ci ----1 to use #ci ,goneomet] #he ,g\ge #cd ,h& saw #ch ,h&les ( tools #cg ,holly us$ = ivory #eh ,hook & eye1 h[ to use #cb ,impressions ( turn+ patt]ns #aad ,ivory pref]able to wood #fc ----1 h[ to poli% #fc ----1 prop] tools = turn+ #cg ----1 to cleanse f grease #fd ----1 to dye r$ #fd ----1 to dye black #fe ,la!s #bi ----1 metallic & wood5 #bi ----1 con/ruction ( #cj ----1 prop] situation = #cd ,light] case #ij ,l9+ patt]ns #gc ,l9es 9 ivory fill$ ) ink #aad ,m&rel describ$ #ca ,ma/ic1 = turn+ ivory ?9 #abh ----1 to cleanse ! ivory f #abi ,mill+ tools #dg ,m\ld+ tools #cg ,ne$le cases #ij1 #aab ,ov]head frame #gd ,ornam5t$ /opp]s #ib ,p>allel re/ #ga ---- ----1 h[ to use #gb ---- ----1 to move = side "w #gd ,p5-hold] #ha ,po9t tools #cf ,poli%+ s(t wood #de ---- h>d wood #fb ---- tortoise-%ell #abg ,pr9t+ 9 ! la! #fi ,puppet #cj ,re/ #cc ,regulat+ ! *uck :eel #ie ,"r-side tools #ce ,r+s1 to make #aaj ,snuff-box1 l9$ ) tortoise-%ell #abf ,saws #ch ,scrap+ tool #cf ,screws #dh ----1 tools = cutt+ #dh ,spiral turn+ #aab ,table ( numb]s #gi ,tap #dc ,t5on saw #ch ,tools #cd ----1 prop] me?od to %>p5 #fc ,tool rack #cg ,tortoise-%ell #abd ,trav]s+ m&rel #di ---- *uck #ea ,turn$ temple #aji ,turn+ patt]ns #gg1 #ih1 #aje1 #aae ,twi/$ pill>1 support = #acc ,v]tical cutt] #hh ,v&yke patt]n #hd ,v>ni% us$ 9 ! la! #abi ,woods1 ,engli% #eg ----1 =eign #eh ----1 to imitate mahogany #eg ----1 to /a9 r$ #fj ---- ---- yell[ #fa ---- ---- black #fa ---- ---- purple #fa ---- ---- mahogany #cb ,,preface4 ,! prim>y object ( ! au?or1 9 (f]+ ,,! ,,turn]',s ,,companion to ! notice ( ! public1 is ! hope ( expla9+1 9 a cle>1 concise1 & intelligible mann]1 ! rudim5ts ( ?is beautiful art2 an art immortaliz$ by ! p5 ( ,virgil1 practis$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 &1 z we are told1 /ill exi/+ 9 ^? exquisite *ef-d'uvres ( =m] ye>s1 s mu* admir$ & s\ght aft] 9 our c5tury4 ,a %ort treatise on ?is subject is mu* want$1 & ! au?or has endeav\r$ to give su* correct & compreh5sive in=mation z w1 he hopes1 r5d] ! foll[+ pages useful z a book ( practical in/ruction to ! beg9n]1 & ( ref]5ce to ^? already advanc$ 9 ! /udy ( ?is beautiful sci5ce4 ,! activity ( m9d requisite = ! atta9m5t ( p]fect success 9 all ! v>i\s bran*es ( ,turn+1 by ex]cis+ ! inv5tive & reflective p[]s1 _c fail ( produc+ a b5eficial effect on ! "* ( y\?1 :i* mu/ prove a la/+ advantage2 & ! m9ute accuracy necess>y = h&l+ ! tools1 s]ves to confirm a /ead9ess ( sight & h& t mu/1 9 aft] ye>s1 & 9 o!r bran*es ( sci5ce1 be highly appreciat$4 ,f a long exp]i5ce 9 ! endless s\rces ( int]e/ & occupation d]ivable f ?is pleas+ & salut>y employm5t1 ! au?or feels assur$ t :oev] has once pati5ce & p]sev]ance to ov]come ! fir/ difficulties1 w spe$ily1 l himself1 become an en?usia/ 9 ! art4 ,& :y %\ld n our fair c\ntrywom5 p>ticipate 9 ?is amusem5t8 ,d !y fe> x is too mascul9e & labori\s = a female h&8 ,if s1 t anxiety is easily remov$2 ! r\gh "w c be execut$ by any c>p5t]1 & :5 once prep>$1 :at occupation c be m int]e/+ & elegant ?an ornam5t+ wood or ivory 9 delicate & intricate patt]ns1 & imitat+1 ) ! aid ( ! la!1 ! beautiful ,*9ese c>v+1 s mu* & s ju/ly admir$8 ,besides1 ! tap] f+]s ( ! fair sex are f> bett] suit$ ?an a man's heavi] h&1 to produce ! requisite lightness & cle>ness ( effect4 ,to our *>itable c\ntrywom51 :o employ s mu* ( _! "t 9 rais+ funds = ! diffusion ( ,*ri/ianity 9 f> di/ant l&s1 & = augm5t+ ! com=ts ( ! poor 9 our own happy l&1 ! la! w prove a mo/ useful auxili>y1 z well z to ^? :o are anxi\s to be/[ beautiful & *]i%$ remembrances on abs5t fri5ds4 ,ano!r v =cible argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! amusem5t ( ,turn+ be+ cultivat$ by ! ladies & g5tlem5 ( our free & indep5d5t c\ntry1 & "o :i* w1 ,i am sure1 plead mo/ /rongly ) all p>5ts & gu>dians1 is1 t all occupations )9 doors be+ usually ( a s$5t>y nature1 ! ex]cise att5dant ^u ! use ( ! la! mu/ prove highly b5eficial to heal?2 & "o mom5t's reflection w po9t out ! incalculable advantage to be d]iv$ f in/ill+ ! love ( useful employm5t 9 e y\?ful m9d2 or1 :5 fre$ f ! irksom5ess ( grav] /udy1 may !y n seek companions & pursuits to :om !y w\ld ev] h rema9$ /rang]s1 _h _! idle h\rs n hung heavy on _! h&s8 ,%\ld ?is little "w prevail ^u any ( my read]s to comm5ce ! /udy ( ?is truly beautiful sci5ce1 & %\ld ! occupation1 z no d\bt x mu/1 prove a s\rce ( pleasure by add+ to _! amusem5t1 x w amply repay ! lab\r x has requir$1 & be/[ s9c]e gratification on ! ,au?or4 ,,! ,,la!4 8,! pride ( arts f fair ,ambition spr+s1 ,& blooms secure b5ea? h] fo/]+ w+s10 ,among all ! _m descriptions ( ! v>i$1 beautiful1 & useful inv5tions t owe _! discov]y & p]fection to ! g5ius & h& ( man1 inv5tions t 9 s wond]ful a degree assi/ & facilitate ! op]ations ( ! me*anic1 no "o has ev] writt5 ! hi/ory ( ! ,la!4 ,x seems /range t 9 a l& :]e me*anism is c>ri$ to its greate/ ext5t1 :]e sci5ce ( e k9d is fo/]$ & enc\rag$1 ! beautiful ma*9]y1 ! easy managem5t1 & wond]ful precision obta9$ by ! aid ( ! ,la!1 h nev] yet1 9 our language1 f\nd a p5 will+ to describe !m4 ,& yet1 to ! ar*itect1 ! ma!matician1 ! a/ronom]1 & ! natural philosoph]1 ,turn+ is z useful1 nay indisp5sable1 z to ! wat*mak]1 ! goldsmi?1 ! jo9]1 & smi?4 ,& x is n by ^! alone t its p[]s are appreciat$2 _m ( ^? :o by bir?1 /ation1 & ri*es are n 9 a situation to require its aid 9 _! sci5tific & me*anical op]ations1 /ill f9d ?is art1 f its great simplicity1 f ! p]fect ease & accuracy ) :i* ! mo/ delicate & intricate workman%ip is p]=m$1 ! agreeable occupation x gives to ! m9d1 & ! beauty1 elegance1 & utility ( its products1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & heal?ful t c be foll[$4 ,! treasures ( all l&s are conv]t$ into v>i\s & beautiful articles by ! aid ( ! la!4 ,gold & silv]1 brass1 iron1 & copp]1--! magnific5t trees t gr[ 9 ! deep =e/s ( ! ,we/1 & ^? t fl\ri% on ! burn+ pla9s ( ,africa--! ivory obta9$ f ! tusks ( ! elephant & hippopotamus1--! coal1 jet1 alaba/]1 & m>ble1 dug f ! b[els ( ! e>?--are all ( ! greate/ value to ! turn]4 ,a k9d ( cocoa nut has also lately be5 br\ght f ! ,we/ ,indies1 :i*1 be+ h>d1 :ite1 & t\gh1 r5d]s x excell5t = work+ 9 ! la!2 :5 poli%$1 x has ! appe>ance ( a sub/ance betwe5 ivory & "m-(-pe>l4 ,to ! ,greeks & ,romans 7= ! exact place ( its orig9 is n kn[n7 ! inv5tion ( ?is +5i\s ma*9e is ascrib$2 & ?\gh1 d\btless1 9 our "t x has be5 greatly improv$ & p]fect$1 /ill ! anci5ts1 to :om we owe s mu*1 fir/ discov]$ & us$ x2 & by !m its p[]s 7 s well appreciat$1 t we are told x became a prov]b among !m to say any ?+ 0 =m$ 9 ! la! to express its ju/ness & accuracy4 ,! ,greek & ,lat9 au?ors frequ5tly m5tion x 9 _! writ+s1 b !y h n cle>ly h&$ d[n to po/]ity ! "n ( ! fir/ inv5tor2 inde$1 on ?is po9t !re are _m & v>i$ op9ions4 ,! ,sicilian hi/orian1 ,diodorus ,siculus1 in=ms u t ! fir/ p]son :o made use ( ! la! 0 a nephew ( ,ddalus1 by "s au?ors nam$ ,talus1 by o!rs ,p]dix4 ,?is y\?1 we are told1 inv5t$ ! saw1 compasses1 & o!r me*anical in/rum5ts2 & to him we possibly are indebt$ = ! la! also1 = we are told1 9 anci5t my?ological hi/ory1 s great 7 8 +5uity & tal5t = inv5tion1 t 8 g5ius soon surpass$ ev5 t ( 8 uncle1 :o1 enrag$ at 8 celebrity1 & jeal\s ( 8 ris+ fame1 scrupl$ n to sacrifice him to 8 feel+s ( rage & hatr$3 "s say he 0 poison$2 o!rs1 t he 0 precipitat$ f a high t[] 9 ! citadel ( ,a!ns2 & ! same au?ors assure u he 0 *ang$ into a p>tridge4 ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 7& 8 words are great au?ority71 ascribes ! inv5tion ( ! la! to ,!odore1 ( ,samos1 an arti/ :o discov]$ ! me?od ( melt+ iron1 ( :i* he made /atues4 ,! same au?or also m5tions a man ( ! "n ( ,!ricles1 :o 0 celebrat$ = 8 dext]ity 9 ,turn+2 & ,virgil says-- 8,l5ta quibus torno facili sup]addita vitis40 ,^! te/imonies1 ( anci5t poets & hi/orians conjo9$1 prove x to be an art ( ! greate/ antiquity4 ,cic]o also m5tions x2 & x is affirm$ t1 ) ?is ma*9e1 ! ,greeks & ,romans turn$ all k9ds ( urns & vases1 & adorn$ !m ) ornam5ts 9 basso relievo4 ,if to ,turn+ we really owe ^? treasures ( o!r days :i* are f\nd buri$ among ! ru9s ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii--treasures s valu$ by ! antiqu>y z a memorial ( =m] ages2 by ! lov] ( ! f9e arts z beautiful & graceful additions to 8 cab9et ( curiosities2 & by ! ri* & opul5t z ornam5ts sup]ior to any t mod]n h&s c produce2--surely we mu/ confess ! workman%ip ( ! la!s ( our times is n to be comp>$ ) t p]=m$ by ! m simple ma*9]y ( c5turies ago4 ,x seems1 inde$1 almo/ miracul\s1 t ! beautiful figures & elegant & graceful designs "h spok5 ( %\ld be produc$ by a pott]'s :eel1 s 0 ! la! anci5tly d5om9at$2 b ! te/imonies ( s _m le>n$ hi/orians agree 9 decl>+ t to its aid we owe ^? exquisite productions1 t x is impossible = ev5 ! mo/ skeptical to d5y x4 ,be=e we quit1 :at may n unaptly be d5om9at$1 ! romance ( ! hi/ory ( ! la!1 we w add1 t ! saw1 :i* we h already said 0 inv5t$ by ,talus1 is suppos$ to h be5 fir/ made by him 9 imitation ( ei!r ! jaw-bone ( a snake1 or else ! back-bone ( a fi%2 & 9 a pa9t+ /ill pres]v$ among ! antiquities ( ,h]culaneum1 is a saw exactly resembl+ our frame saw1 ) :i* two g5ii are divid+ a piece ( wood4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta91 t c\ld ^! ,roman & ,grecian artific]s see a mod]n la!1 exam9e its complex yet beautiful me*anism1 & ! almo/ endless additions & improvem5ts x has und]gone s9ce ! days ( ,virgil & ,pl9y1 !y w\ld h>dly recognise x 9 its m f9i%$ /ate1 & w\ld be mu* puzzl$ to discov] 9 :at mann] to manage its ma*9]y4 ,among ! num]\s app>atus adju/$ to x is a ma*9e1 by ! aid ( :i* m$allions h be5 execut$2 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a pr(ile 9 basso relievo ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 :olly work$ 9 ! la!2 b h[ diff]5t f ! turn+ ( ! anci5ts6 ,! m$allion ma*9e requires mu* lab\r & v exp5sive app>atus1 :ile ! pott]'s :eel _c h possess$ mu* me*anism or great quantities ( tools3 mo/ ( ^? n[ 9 use be+ unkn[n 9 =m] days4 ,hav+ n[ e/abli%$ ! great antiquity ( ! la! z a useful & classical employm5t1 we w briefly m5tion a few ( ! improvem5ts x has und]gone 9 latt] ye>s4 ,! pott]'s :eel is1 ( all la!s1 ! mo/ simple2 x m]ely consi/s ( an iron beam1 or axis1 a small wood5 :eel plac$ on ! beam1 & a l>g] "o fa/5$ to ! end ( ! same beam1 :i* turns by a pivot on an iron /&4 ,) ?is simple contrivance ! workman /ill =ms ! body ( ! vessel ( clay1 b nev] attempts to turn ! h&les1 feet1 m\ld+s or ornam5ts4 ,9 latt] ye>s1 v>i\s & important tools & improvem5ts h be5 made2 *ucks h be5 inv5t$1 :i* enable ! turn] to accompli% ) spe$ & facility an almo/ innum]able v>iety ( circles1 l9es1 ellipses1 & arcs1 all s delicate & true 9 _! =m & design1 t !y _c fail excit+ ! admiration & wond] ( all :o contemplate !m4 ,! screw also1 once a =midable difficulty to ! un9itiat$1 is n[ r5d]$ p]fectly easy ( execution by means ( ! trav]s+ m&rel2 ^?1 too1 :o are v le>n$ 9 ?is art1 c out ( a piece ( ivory or "m-(-pe>l1 produce 9 ! la! beautiful broo*es1 e>-r+s1 & /uds1 work$ 9 rais$ fl[]s2 *essm5 9 imitation ( c>v+1 & ornam5t$ vases full ( deta*$ fl[]s2 :ile flut$ & spiral columns1 delicate m\ld+s1 & fanciful bead+s1 are ( comp>atively easy execution4 ,to =m patt]ns ^u wood or ivory1 v>i\s descriptions ( *ucks are employ$2 "o la! s]ves = all1 z !y are made to screw on to ! nose ( ! m&rel4 ,by ! aid ( ! conc5tric or common *uck1 e article y turn is circul>2 ! l9es =m+ ! circle are enl>g$ or decreas$ z ! tool approa*es or rec$es f ! axis4 ,! oval *uck1 z its "n signifies1 works designs ( an oval or sph]ical %ape2 ! ecc5tric turns patt]ns ( a circul> =m1 b its peculi> prop]ties enable ! workman to alt] ! c5tre ( 8 "w at pleasure3 ! geometric & comp\nd ecc5tric produce beautiful geometric & c>v$ designs2 ! oblique & ! epicycloidal also turn curi\s & intricate patt]ns1 & ! /raight l9e *uck p]=ms all its "w 9 direct l9es4 ,^! are ! *ucks mo/ 9 use1 b _m ( !m are exp5sive & complicat$1 & !y only execute ! ornam5tal "w2 ! %ape & size ( ! object are accompli%$ by ! la!1 )\t any aid b t ( a common *uck & common tools4 ,! curi\s & v>i$ me*anism ( ! above-m5tion$ *ucks are truly wond]ful1 & ! patt]ns !y p]=m v beautiful2 "o ( peculi> =m1 & exce$+ly intricate1 has be5 inv5t$ = bank]s' *ecks1 to prev5t =g]y4 ,!re are also two re/s1 :i* are necess>y app5dages to !m2 ! slid+ re/1 t moves 9 a direct l9e at any angle1 & ! circul> re/1 :i* enables ! turn] to ornam5t balls1 sph]es1 & r\nd objects4 ,we mu/ n omit1 too1 to m5tion ! ecc5tric cutt]1 ! drill1 & ! univ]sal cutt]1 all exce$+ly useful1 & enabl+ ! turn] to execute a great v>iety ( designs & patt]ns4 ,! rose eng9e1 also1 is mu* admir$ = all k9ds ( ornam5tal "w1 b x is v exp5sive1 & new inv5tions are daily add+ to ! ma*9]y ( ! la!1 & r5d]+ its p[]s m ext5sive4 ,! wond]ful discov]y ( voltaic electricity1 by :i* copp]-plates1 pla/] ca/s1 wood engrav+s1 & m$als may be copi$1 c also be appli$ 9 v>i\s ways to turn+1 ei!r 9 wood or ivory4 ,= in/ance1 by its aid a wood5 ?imble may be *ang$ into ! resemblance ( gold1 or a box take ! appe>ance ( silv]2 ?us1 :ile y\r "w reta9s its fir/ beauty & delicacy1 ! mat]ial is app>5tly ( mu* value4 ,x w\ld be go+ beyond ! b\nds ( a "w on turn+1 to give any directions = ?is transmutation1 p>ticul>ly z !re are s _m already publi%$ on ! subject4 ,we mu/ also add1 t by a c>eful & /eady managem5t1 ! drill may be made almo/ to take ! place ( ! grav]2 by hold+ a plate ( copp] /eadily aga9/ x1 & us+ v>i\s tools1 7n lett+ ! la! g too quick17 portraits & l&scapes c be execut$ = pr9t+4 ,hav+ n[ f9i%$ ?is %ort sket*1 :i* we hope w n be unacceptable to our read]s1 & w p]haps induce !m to foll[ ?is int]e/+ & heal?ful occupation1 we mu/ beg t ^? :o p]use 8,! ,turn]'s ,companion10 & foll[ ! directions x conta9s1 w n be daunt$ by ! fir/ difficulties t assail !m1 b w pati5tly p]sev]e till exp]i5ce enables !m to ov]come & vanqui% !m1 rememb]+ t-- 8,! wise & active conqu] difficulties1 ,by d>+ to attempt !m4 ,slo? & folly ,%iv] & %r9k at sight ( toil & haz>d1 ,& make ?' impossibility !y fe>40 ,,li/ ,,( ,,tools ,,necess>y ,,= ,,turn+4 ,g\ges4 ,*isels4 ,scrap]s4 ,side tools4 ,po9t tools4 ,m\ld+ tools4 ,inside tools4 ,planes4 ,drills4 ,hat*et4 ,mallet4 ,hamm]4 ,files4 ,vice4 ,h& ,vice4 ,gimlets4 ,saws4 ,screw-driv]4 ,p9c]s4 ,compasses4 ,rule4 ,callip]s4 ,t squ>e4 ,brace & ,bits4 ,screw tools4 ,mill+ tools4 ,oil-c4 ,glue-pot4 ,s& ,pap]4 ,*alk4 ,glue4 ,is+lass4 ,pumice ,/one4 ,nails4 ,,! ,,turn]',s ,,companion4 ,! ma*9es us$ = ,turn+1 :e!r r\nd or oval objects1 are call$ ,la!s2 !y are ( v>i\s %apes & sizes2 "s v small1 z ^? g5]ally us$ by wat*mak]s2 o!rs v l>ge & p[]ful1 = turn+ iron2 & o!rs1 ! k9d ,i am go+ to describe1 ( a middl+ size1 = fa%ion+ wood & ivory4 ,! l>ge la!s1 be+ too heavy to be work$ ) ! foot1 are usually turn$ by a /eam-eng9e1 b ! foot-la! is ! mo/ conv5i5t = ! turn] 9 wood2 x may be made ( iron or wood3 if ( ! latt]1 x %\ld be con/ruct$ entirely ( v h>d1 well-season$ oak1 or ( mahogany4 ,!re are v>i\s op9ions respect+ ! advantages & disadvantages ( metallic & wood5 la!s2 9 ! =m]1 x is impossible to obviate an ela/ic tremor1 :i* is unpleasant & injuri\s2 b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are s mu* m durable & compact2 & !y enable y to p]=m y\r "w ) s mu* m accuracy & exactitude1 t !y are1 on ! :ole1 p]haps1 to be pref]r$4 ,! draw+ giv5 9 ,plate #a w s]ve z a patt]n = ei!r an iron or a wood5 la!2 b z ! workman c\ld con/ruct ! latt] = himself1 we w suppose ! description we are ab\t to give relates to a wood5 "o4 ,! b$ ( ! la!1 ,b ,b1 may be ( any l5g? requir$1 & is firmly fa/5$ ) bolts to ! uprights ,o ,o1 :i* =m ! legs ( ! la!1 & to :i* ! b$ is /rongly atta*$ by bolts pass+ ?r\gh bo?2 :ile ! nuts t draw !m tight1 be+ :at is call$ c\nt]sunk1 are ( no inconv5i5ce to ! workman4 ,! feet & ! two uprights mu/ also be firmly fa/5$ to ! legs ,o ,o2 & to prev5t ! lea/ un/ead9ess or motion1 !y mu/ be screw$ /rongly to ! floor1 & mu/ be ( a suffici5t size to =m a solid support to ! la!4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a4 ,! left h& puppets1 ,c ,d1 or1 z !y are sometimes call$1 ! head/ock1 %\ld be ( iron1 & ca/ 9 "o piece4 ,! "u "p fits tightly into ! op5 space 9 ! b$ ( ! la!1 & is fix$ !re ) screws2 :ile ! two *eeks ( ! puppets re/ on ! b$ itself4 ,! m&rel ,e1 to prev5t1 z mu* z y c1 any vibration1 %\ld be z long z possible2 x runs 9 a metal coll>1 ?r\gh ! puppets ,c ,d1 & is ( /eel1 turn$ p]fectly cyl9drical2 x is kept con/antly oil$1 by p\r+ a few drops ( oil ^u x ?r\gh holes made 9 ea* ( ! puppets4 ,! screw ,e1 at ! end1 is call$ ! nose ( ! sp9dle1 & ^u x ! *ucks int5d$ to receive ! "w are screw$4 ,! back puppet1 ,g1 is us$ to support long pieces ( wood2 x is mov$ backw>ds & =w>ds on ! b$ ( ! la!1 s z to suit ! "w ^u :i* y are occupi$1 by loos5+ ! screw ,l2 )9 ! upp] "p ( ,g is a /eel sp9dle1 ,j1 :i* screws 9 & out ( ! head/ock1 by turn+ ! screw ,k4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! po9t ( ?is sp9dle be exactly on a l9e ) ! nose ( ! m&rel1 ,e4 ,! po9t1 ,j1 takes out1 & ano!r nose1 ,l1 c be ins]t$ 9 its place1 to receive ! po9t$ end ( any small "w1 %\ld x be m conv5i5t4 ,^u ! sp9dle is a brass or a mahogany :eel1 ,f2 x has ?ree grooves 9 x1 & ! great :eel1 ,k1 has ?ree simil> grooves turn$ 9 a ,v1 s z m effectually to take hold ( ! b& :i* moves !m r\nd4 ,! ?ree diff]5t grooves 9 ?is :eel1 & 9 ! small "o1 give diff]5t velocities to !m4 ,! b& :i* turns !m is made ( /rong catgut1 & passes "u ! l[] & ov] ! upp] :eel1 work+ 9 ! correspond+ grooves ( ea*2 x is jo9$ ) a hook & eye ( iron1 t h a screw 9 !m4 ,slightly tap] (f ) a %>p p5knife a little ( ea* end ( ! catgut1 s t x w j ent] ! hook & eye2 !n hold ! b& firmly 9 a vice ) y\r left h&1 & ) y\r "r take up ! hook or eye 9 a pair ( p9c]s1 & screw x ^u ! catgut till q firm4 ,?is is a f> bett] means ( jo9+ ! b& ?an any o!r t c be employ$1 z ! hooks & eyes seldom give way1 & obviate ! necessity ( knots or jo9s1 :i* are always clumsy & inconv5i5t4 ,cord1 too1 gives way ) ! v>iations ( ! atmosph]e1 s t x con/antly requires %ort5+ 9 dry1 & l5g!n+ 9 ra9y wea!r2 catgut is s slightly influ5c$ by ^! *anges1 t its use is f> pref]able4 ,! treadle1 ,n1 :5 mov$ up & d[n ) ! foot1 gives motion to ! two :eels1 & ?us ! sp9dle1 ) ! wood to be work$ screw$ ^u x1 is turn$ r\nd ) a quick or sl[ movem5t4 ,! axle ( ! great :eel1 ,s1 works 9 two screws1 ,q2 ! crank1 ,m1 is connect$ at "o end ) ! axle1 ,s1 & at ! o!r hooks into ! treadle frame1 ,n4 ,pl5ty ( oil %\ld be giv5 to ! axle at ,q to enable x to "w easily4 ,! re/ :i* supports ! tools is repres5t$ at ,fig4 #a1 & ,m2 x is made ( iron1 & consi/s ( ?ree p>ts2 ! l[] has a =k$ foot1 ,t1 :i* re/s ^u ! b$ ( ! la!1 & enables x to be drawn backw>ds & =w>ds1 s z to accommodate ! workman2 ?is foot is held 9 its place by a bolt1 ,o1 :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh ! b$ ( ! la!1 is suffici5tly broad to re/ ^u ea* side ( ! foot1 ,t1 & is tight5$ by a screw t passes und]nea? ! la!1 ,p1 ?r\gh :i* x passes2 ! upp] "p ( ! re/ is a cross piece ( iron ) a cyl9drical /em1 t fits into ! socket1 ,u1 & is mov$ up & d[n1 to ! "r or ! left1 by loos5+ ! screw1 ,h4 ,! workman %\ld h re/s ( diff]5t sizes1 to suit v>i\s k9ds ( "w1 b !y mu/ all fit into ! same socket4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 a cle> description ( a la!1 ,i ne$ only add1 t x %\ld be plac$ opposite a w9d[1 s z to h ! b5efit ( z mu* light z possible2 a skylight above ! head is also a great advantage4 ,z x is indisp5sably necess>y = ! le>n] to ex]cise himself 9 pla9 turn+1 t is1 9 ! =mation ( diff]5t articles1 s z to be able to turn !m p]fectly r\nd1 oval1 or holl[1 z requir$1 be=e attempt+ m difficult & complicat$ "w1 we w n[ give a li/ ( ! mo/ useful tools = ?is purpose4 ,= ! wood1 ! g\ge1 ,fig4 #a1 plate #a1 is fir/ to be employ$1 to r$uce ! unev5ness ( y\r "w2 its edge is r\nd$4 ,to use x1 place ! re/ on a level ) ! axis ( ! "w1 & hold ! h&le ( ! tool d[nw>ds s t its cutt+ edge is above ! axis4 ,^! tools are useful = mak+ concave m\ld+s4 ,9 us+ !m1 d n pu% !m r\ghly aga9/ ! wood till x becomes tol]ably ev51 or y w spoil _! edge & *ip ! "w2 & hold y\r h&s v /eady4 ,! *isel1 ,fig4 #b1 is next us$1 to give a smoo? & poli%$ appe>ance to ! wood4 ,its cutt+ edge is oblique4 ,elevate ! re/ consid]ably above ! axis ( ! "w1 s t1 ?\gh held ) a less incl9ation ?an ! g\ge1 ! edge ( ! *isel op]ates on a high] "p ( ! surface4 ,use ?is tool at fir/ ) great caution1 = x is mu* m difficult to manage ?an ! g\ge2 ) an inexp]i5c$ h&1 ! po9t is apt to dig into ! wood1 q spoil+ its surface1 or else1 by press+ x too firmly ^u ! "w1 x cuts great pieces 9 an unev5 mann]4 ,:5 skillfully us$1 x %\ld feel almo/ to "w by itself1 m]ely runn+ /eadily along ! wood1 %av+ (f all its inaccuracies1 & mak+ x look q bright1 smoo?1 & poli%$4 ,all s(t woods are entirely turn$ ) ! g\ge & *isel1 ( bo? ( :i* y mu/ h sev]al sizes4 ,fig4 #c is call$ a "r-side tool1 & has two cutt+ edges1 a side edge & an end edge3 s z at ! same "t to cut ! bottom & side ( a cavity4 ,! left-side tool cuts ) ! opposite side4 ,9 us+ !m1 hold ! bevel :i* =ms ! edge d[nw>ds4 ,fig4 #d is a po9t tool1 useful = mak+ small m\ld+s1 & mu* employ$ 9 f9i%+ ! %\ld]s & flat ends ( "w4 ,figs4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 are inside tools1 us$ to turn out holl[s2 also to make cups1 & v>i\s o!r articles4 ,fig4 #aj is a p>t+ tool1 us$ to cut (f "w1 & to make incisions4 ,fig4 #aa is us$ exclusively = v h>d woods1 z cocoas & ebony1 :i* *ip if attempt$ to be smoo!d ) a *isel2 also = turn+ ivory1 bone1 or jet2 "o side & ! end are %>p4 ,?is tool is v /rong1 & requires "s practice to use x well4 ,be v c>eful1 9 %>p5+ x1 to keep ! front edge q /raight1 or else1 9 holl[+ out boxes1 ! inn] sides w n be turn$ out ev5ly2 t is1 "o "p w be ?9n] ?an ano!r4 ,?is tool is held flat ^u ! re/1 :i* mu/ be on a level ) ! axis ( ! "w1 or sometimes ! tool1 by rais+ ! h&le1 may be l[]$ s z j to scrape ! wood4 ,x is frequ5tly call$ a grav]2 9 turn+ metals1 x is ! tool fir/ us$4 ,copp] & brass are easy to turn1 & 9 case ( necessity1 x is useful to h ! prop] tools1 & to "k h[ to manage !m4 ,^! tools all are indisp5sably necess>y to ! turn]1 & he %\ld ex]cise himself con/antly 9 _! use2 = until he becomes q ma/] ( !m1 he w injure1 spoil1 *ip1 & de/roy1 :atev] he attempts to turn4 ,figs4 #ab & #ac are v useful to make m\ld+s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,! h&les ( ! tools mu/ be made ( v h>d wood1 & x is a great conv5i5ce to h !m all ( ne>ly ! same size2 = ! h&1 gett+ accu/om$ to !m1 manages !m ) m facility4 ,drive ! tool firmly into ! h&le1 & hold x !re by a broad brass r+1 z 9 ,no4 #a4 ,to keep ! tools 9 good ord]1 t is1 prop]ly gr\nd & %>p1 dem&s great att5tion4 ,if !y become *ipp$1 gr9d !m ev5 on a gr9d/one1 tak+ c>e t ! ,,bevels reta9 _! prop] angles4 ,to avoid spoil+ _! edges1 & to enable y to h !m always ne> at h&1 a rack p]=at$ ) holes1 into :i* !y c slip1 is v useful4 ,?is rack may be fa/5$ aga9/ ! wall1 ne> ! la!4 ,a screw-driv]1 two or ?ree diff]5t-siz$ gimlets1 & nails ( v>i\s k9ds1 mu/ always =m "p ( ! turn]'s tool-box2 also "s files1 & a h&-vice4 ,be=e we leave ! description ( turn+ tools1 we w m5tion ! saw1 :i* is an indisp5sable addition to ! tool-box4 ,!re are _m k9ds1 b ! mo/ useful are ! h&-saw1 ! t5on saw1 & ! circul> saw4 ,! fir/ is ab\t tw5ty-six in*es long1 & is g5]ally made ) f\r tee? to an in*4 ,x is us$ = cutt+ wood across1 & 9 ! direction ( its fibres4 ,! tee? at ! l[] end are small] ?an ! upp] ones1 by :i* means ! wood is n s mu* torn z if ! tee? 7 all ( an equal size4 ,! t5on saw is us$ = cutt+ across ! fibres ( wood2 ! smalle/ saw ( ?is k9d is ab\t f\rte5 in*es long1 ! l>ge/ ab\t tw5ty in*es4 ,circul> saws are ( all sizes2 !y are easily fitt$ up ) a sp9dle1 :i*1 be+ screw$ on to ! nose ( ! m&rel1 & support$ at ! o!r end by ! back puppet1 enables ! workman to turn !m by ! :eel ( ! la!1 :ile at ! same "t he holds ! wood or ivory firmly aga9/ !m4 ,%\ld a l>g] circul> saw be requir$1 x is m advisable to fit x up sep>ately f ! la!1 ) a frame-"w & :eel to itself4 ,glue1 :i* is v necess>y = turn]s1 requires "s little c>e 9 prep>+2 x mu/ fir/ be /eep$ = sev]al h\rs 9 cold wat] to s(t5 x2 if x swells )\t melt+1 x is good1 & mu/ !n be dissolv$ 9 wat]2 ! prop] quantities are1 a qu>t ( wat] to half a p\nd ( glue4 ,! heat %\ld be j en\gh to melt x1 & ! pan 9 :i* x is conta9$ mu/ be plac$ 9 a l>g] copp] vessel1 fill$ ) wat]2 by ?is means1 :5 ! wat] 9 ! out] pan boils1 ! glue w be dissolv$ )\t any fe> ( its burn+1 :i* w\ld imm$iately spoil x4 ,:5 y are go+ to glue a piece ( wood to a *uck1 put v little glue ?9ly & ev5ly ov] ! surface ( ! latt]1 !n press ! wood ^u x firmly1 & place a lead weight ^u !m to unite !m p]fectly4 ,,*ucks4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b4 ,! *ucks1 ^u :i* ! mat]ial to be turn$1 :e!r ( wood1 ivory1 or metal1 is always fix$1 next dem& our att5tion4 ,!y are ( e v>iety ( size & =m1 & are all screw$ ^u ! m&rel ( ! la!4 ,_m are made ( brass2 o!rs 7! mo/ num]\s1 because ! turn] c make !m = himself71 are ( wood2 b ^! latt] %\ld be us$ soon aft] !y are made2 = if n con/ruct$ ( v dry1 h>d wood1 any great v>iation 9 ! wea!r w cause !m to %r9k1 & ?us ! screw becomes slightly alt]$1 & w n fit tightly to ! neck ( ! m&rel4 ,to avoid ! exp5se ( hav+ _m brass *ucks1 :i* w\ld be v great1 if we procur$ !m ( ! size & %ape requisite = all k9ds ( "w1 x is a good plan to h sev]al brass plates made ab\t ! size ( half-a-cr[n1 plate #b1 ,a1 ) a screw 9 !m1 to fit ^u ! m&rel1 & f\r screw-nails ) :i* to fa/5 !m to wood5 *ucks ( any =m4 ,?us1 :5 ^! *ucks are worn out1 unscrew ! brass plates & screw !m on to o!rs4 ,9 plate #b are ! draw+s ( sev]al *ucks1 :i* are useful = v>i\s purposes2 !y are all made ( brass1 ) a screw t fits ^u ! m&rel4 ,b is a brass plate1 ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]2 f ! middle projects a tap]+ screw1 ab\t half an in* long4 ,?is is us$ to hold any ?+ t is flat1 z a /&1 or c&le/ick base1 or1 ) ! aid ( ! back puppet1 to support a long piece ( wood1 :ile turn+ d[n to fit a /rong] *uck4 ,= ?is purpose1 bore a hole 9 ! wood1 & screw x on to ! *uck4 ,c is ! same %ape1 b has five iron po9ts project+ f its surface2 ^u !m ! wood mu/ be firmly fix$ by hamm]+ x on4 ,x is bett] to use ! back puppet1 z ! wood is apt to become loos5$ by a sudd5 j>1 or any unev5ness 9 ! surface4 ,d is univ]sally useful1 ei!r = l>ge or small pieces ( "w4 ,! wood or ivory may be turn$ to ! prop] size to fit1 on ! *uck ,b1 & !n driv5 firmly into ! holl[ cup ) a wood5 mallet2 or a piece ( common wood may be made to fit x tightly1 & a hole turn$ 9 x to hold ! object y int5d to turn4 ,e is call$ a r+ *uck1 & is made ( box wood4 ,drill a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre1 & !n saw x across 9 six p>ts4 ,by its be+ turn$ small] at "o end ?an at ! o!r1 ?is *uck op5s at ! sawgates2 y !n drive on to x1 ) a hamm]1 a r+ ( metal1 & ! wood ins]t$ 9 ! hole w rema9 immovable4 ,f is call$ a squ>e hole *uck1 ! hole 9 ! middle hav+ sev]al drills & bits to use ) x1 z 9 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f4 ,g is call$ a die *uck3 x is ! same 9 %ape z ! cup *uck1 only n s deep1 & x has sev]al screws pass+ ?r\gh its sides at equal di/ances1 & meet+ 9 ! c5tre1 by :i* ! "w is held1 s t x s]ves equally = a l>ge or a small object4 ,h is exactly ! same 9 %ape z ,g2 ) ! addition ( an arm1 ,no4 #a1 ! use ( :i* is z foll[s4 ,if ?is *uck does n turn ! wood r\nd prop]ly1 fa/5 to ! latt] :at is call$ a c>ri]1 ,no4 #b1 ! end ( :i*1 project+ fur!r ?an ! *uck1 re/s ^u ! arm1 #a1 & causes all to turn toge!r4 ,^! appe> to u to be ! *ucks mo/ univ]sally 9 use = conc5tric turn+2 ! ord9>y ones ! turn] may make ( wood1 & ^? = ornam5tal "w we %all m5tion h]eaft]4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be z well to describe ! me?od ( mak+ ! wood *ucks3--,select a piece ( close-gra9$ dry wood--box is ! be/2 hav+ tak5 (f ! corn]s & made x tol]ably r\nd ) a *isel1 or a small hat*et1 y mu/ !n f9d ! c5tre ( ! two ends4 ,to d ?is1 lay ! piece ( wood on a b5*2 op5 a pair ( compasses to ne>ly half ! diamet] ( ! piece2 fix "o po9t ( ! compasses firmly 9 ! middle1 & ) ! o!r draw a circle z ne> ! edge ( ! wood z y c4 ,if y f9d ! circle is n exact1 b fur!r f ! edge on "o side ?an ! o!r1 alt] ! position ( ! compasses1 till !y become "r4 ,bore a hole 9 ! c5tre1 :5 f\nd1 & screw ! wood on to ! *uck1 ,b4 ,place y\r re/ fac+ ! "w1 & cut 9 ! c5tre ( x a hole1 ! dep? & ,,ne>ly ! size ( ! screw on ! nose ( ! m&rel4 ,?is done1 take ! piece ( wood (f ! brass *uck1 & fa/5 x firmly 9 a vice2 !n screw into ! hole a ,,tap1 :i* has be5 made on purpose to fit ! screw ( ! m&rel4 ,?is tap cuts a ?read z y turn x r\nd 9 ! hole1 s t :5 y unscrew x1 y h only to screw ! wood to ! nose ( ! m&rel1 tak+ c>e to make x fit q close to ! %\ld]2 x mu/ !n be turn$ q r\nd & smoo? ) ! g\ge & *isel1 & ! face ( x also p]fectly flat1 :i* is se5 by hold+ aga9/ x ! flat "p ( ! ,t squ>e1 plate #a1 ,r4 ,if ! squ>e t\*es all ! face ( ! *uck1 x is ready to receive ! wood2 b if y c 9 any "p see ! light betwe5 !m1 take ! *isel & smoo? x ov] aga94 ,! *uck be+ ready1 cut a piece ( wood1 we w say = a box1 r\nd x ) a *isel1 take "s ?9 glue1 & fa/5 ! wood to ! *uck ) x4 ,:5 q h>d & dry1 beg9 to turn ! sides ev51 !n cut d[n ! groove to receive ! lid1 :i* %\ld be glu$ on to ano!r *uck4 ,to holl[ out ! box1 turn ! re/ to ! face ( ! "w & use ! g\ge4 ,:5 ( a suffici5t dep?1 take ! callip]s1 plate #a1 ,k1 pu% ! small ends d[n ! box to ! bottom1 /ret* !m out z f> z !y w1 & set ! screw1 !n pull !m sl[ly out1 s z to measure ! size ( ! top ( ! inside ( ! box2 if n exactly ! same1 turn out a little m ( ! bottom4 ,n[ beg9 to smoo? ! outside & holl[ out ! lid1 tak+ great c>e to make x fit exactly ! groove made 9 ! bottom ( ! box2 = ?is purpose ! callip]s mu/ be set1 s t ! =k$ end /ret*es to ! wid? ( ! circumf]5ce ( ! groove2 y w !n f9d t ! o!r end w be exactly ! same wid?1 & keep try+ !m to ! inside ( ! lid1 till !y ent] x v tightly2 !n try ! lid on ! bottom1 & x w fit4 ,by ?us us+ ! callip]s1 y are sav$ mu* tr\ble 9 tak+ ! "w on & (f ! la!1 to fit ! p>ts toge!r4 ,y mu/ n[ cut ! lid (f ! *uck1 ei!r ) ! p>t+ tool1 or ) a saw1 & hav+ x firmly plac$ on ! bottom1 smoo? & f9i% (f ! sides s t !y look q ev51 & z if !re 0 no sep>ation betwe5 !m4 ,?is done1 move ! re/ to ! front ( ! lid1 & f9i% x up ! same1 tak+ c>e n to leave ! slighte/ scrat* or unev5ness on ! surface2 !n rub ! :ole ( ! "w well ) s& pap]1 mak+ ! la! turn v rapidly1 fir/ "o way1 !n ! o!r1 & f9i% by rubb+ x ov] ) a drop ( olive oil on a piece ( rag1 & ! %av+s ( ! wood4 ,! great beauty ( turn+ consi/s 9 all ! p>ts be+ exact1 %9+1 well f9i%$ (f1 & n too ?ick2 to atta9 ?is latt] p]fection1 exp]i5ce is necess>y1 & ,i %\ld advise con/ant practice 9 turn+ box-wood & holly1 till ! le>n] is able to make 8 boxes fit prop]ly1 & also look neat & light4 ,! lid be+ f9i%$1 lay x aside1 & saw (f ! bottom2 !n turn its own *uck to a prop] size to receive x1 :ile y smoo? & poli% ! out] "p4 ,x is requisite to be v p>ticul> 9 ! mann] ( *uck+ "w1 su* z boxes1 ?imbles1 or any ?+ t has be5 holl[$ out2 & rememb] always to make a *uck to fit ,,into ,,!m1 in/ead ( putt+ ,,!m into "o4 ,x is also bett] to leave a %\ld] t ! "w c re/ aga9/1--y are !n sure t x is support$ ev5ly2 if n1 y may f9d t ! slighte/ incl9ation to "o side or ! o!r w cause y to turn "o side mu* ?9n] ?an ! o!r2 & if y are work+1 we w say ! top ( a box1 x w always look crook$1 & if ! bottom1 x w nev] /& /eady4 ,%\ld ! box feel loose & fall (f ! *uck be=e x is f9i%$1 a little *alk may be rubb$ ^u ! =m]1 :i* w give x a firm] hold1 & prev5t ! slipp]9ess consequ5t on ! friction ( two pieces ( wood2 & sometimes a ?9 piece ( pap] ins]t$ betwe5 !m is useful 9 ! same way2 = al?\gh ! "w %\ld fit close & firm on ! *uck1 if ! *uck be too l>ge1 s t y h to use =ce to make !m unite1 y w mo/ probably split y\r "w all to pieces4 ,great c>e also is requisite to get x (f ! *uck2 ins]t "o ( ! small *isels betwe5 x & ! %\ld] ( ! *uck1 & move x slightly1 fir/ on "o side1 !n on ! o!r4 ,_m neat ornam5ts may be made on boxes ) ! small] *isels1 su* z l9es & m\ld+s2 & !re are sev]al useful & ornam5tal tools1 call$ mill+ tools1 7see plate #e1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c71 :i* are n exp5sive1 & give mu* effect to ! "w4 ,!y consi/ ( small :eels1 ^u :i* ! patt]n is cut4 ,place ! re/ s t !re is space = ! :eel to turn betwe5 x & ! "w1 pu% x close up to ! wood1 hold ! h&le v firmly ) bo? h&s1 s t ! tool _c slip1 & ) a few quick turns ( ! :eel ( ! la!1 ! patt]n w be cle>ly impress$ ^u ! wood4 ,) ^! simple tools innum]able beautiful articles may be f9i%$2 & ?\gh !y require nei!r ! application nor tal5t t c be display$ 9 p]=m+ o!r ornam5tal "w ) ! ecc5tric *uck1 cutt]1 & drill1 /ill !y possess two great advantages--*eapness1 & facility ( managem5t1 & are easily procur$4 ,by a little att5tion & +5uity1 a great v>iety ( elegant & useful articles may be made on ! la!1 ) ! assi/ance ( b a limit$ collection ( tools1--su* z ?imbles1 boxes1 cups1 r+s1 /&s1 small vases1 /ilettos1 p5-h&les1 p9-cu%ions1 ne$le-cases1 & v9aigrettes4 ,,! ,,screw4 ,we n[ come to ! mo/ difficult op]ation 9 turn+1 t ( cutt+ a screw2 to p]=m x well & easily is a pro( ( ! workman's skill & pr(ici5cy 9 ! art4 ,!re are _m ways ( do+ x2 we %all !re=e give ! be/ & lea/ exp5sive4 ,! screw tools1 figures #ad & #ae1 plate #a1 mu/ fit exactly "o into ! o!r4 ,fig4 #ae is an outside1 ,fig4 #ad an inside tool4 ,z ! ?reads may be requir$ to be cut co>se or f9e1 accord+ to ! "w y are engag$ ^u1 ! small grooves 9 ! tools are made to suit4 ,hav+ turn$ y\r box q r\nd1 & holl[$ x out1 cut ! groove ^u :i* ! lid is to fit2 place ! re/ at a conv5i5t di/ance1 turn ! :eel1 n too fa/1 & move ! outside screw-tool along ! re/ ) a regul> horizontal motion1 & x w cut a screw1 ! ?reads ( :i* w fill up ! space betwe5 ! tee? ( ! tool4 ,b c>e mu/ be tak5 to j]k ! tool (f :5 at ! end ( ! space int5d$ = ! screw2 or if x be all[$ to rema9 /ation>y1 cutt+ ! wood1 ! ?reads w be de/roy$1 & become useless4 ,:5 ?is is well done1 turn out ! lid ( ! box till x ne>ly fits ! bottom1 & 9 ! same mann] press ! inside screw tool aga9/ ! side ( ! cavity1 draw x out horizontally z ! "w moves r\nd1 & if c>efully manag$1 x w soon be made to fit ^u ! outside screw4 ,z1 h[ev]1 to accompli% ?is well1 & ) precision1 great practice is requisite1 an inv5tion1 call$ a trav]s+ m&rel1 is frequ5tly us$1 p>ticul>ly by beg9n]s3 we w endeav\r to give a description ( its =m & use4 ,at ! end ( ! m&rel ,a1 pl4 #d1 is a brass cyl9d]1 ,i1 :i* fits ^u ! end1 & is kept 9 its place by a nut1 #b1 :i* screws firmly into x4 ,bel[ ?is1 fix$ to a brass plate t rises & l[]s at pleasure by turn+ ! screw-key1 ,b1 is atta*$ ! screw-guide2 7a brass plate cut into grooves ( v>i\s sizes to suit ! ?read y wi% to cut1 fig4 #c27 ?is guide moves r\nd on a p94 ,to use ?is ma*9e1 unscrew ! nut ,b1 pull (f ! brass cyl9d]1 & 9 its place put on ! guide1 ,c1 & screw ! nut 9 aga92 turn ! o!r guide1 #c1 to ! groove :i* corresponds ) x1 & :i* is usually numb]$1 to avoid mi/akes2 turn ! key ,b till ! l[] guide meets ! "o y h j put on ! m&rel1 & slips easily into x4 ,y w n[ f9d t by only all[+ ! fly-:eel to move half r\nd & back aga91 ! m&rel w run backw>ds & =w>ds1 & ?us h ! exact motion requisite = cutt+ a screw4 ,fix y\r re/1 & hold y\r tool 7:i* mu/ h ! same siz$ ?read z ! guide !n on ! m&rel7 q /eady ^u ! re/1 aga9/ ! revolv+ wood1 & 9 a few m9utes ! screw w be produc$4 ,! inside screw is made 9 ! same mann]1 ) ! inside tool1 by turn+ ! re/ 9 front ( ! "w4 ,d n press ! tool too h>d to ! wood at fir/1 till ! ?reads are slightly cut1 s t ! tee? may ent] always 9 ! same place4 ,ab\t six diff]5t-siz$ screw guides & tools to fit w be q suffici5t = an amateur turn]4 ,!re is also ano!r way ( cutt+ screws1 by means ( a trav]s+ *uck4 ,on ! m&rel1 ,r1 pl4 #d1 is screw$ ! *uck ,b1 to :i* are screw$ ! *ucks ( ! la!1 ,r4 ,on ! outside ( ,b is turn$ a screw1 fitt$ to an inside screw work$ 9 ! block ,c1 f :i* ext5ds an arm1 ,d1 suffici5tly long to all[ ! arm ,e to slide up & d[n x2 a piece ( iron %\ld be screw$ to ! circul> block1 ,c1 ( su* a l5g? z to be capable ( mov+ 9 a groove t may be cut 9 ! coll>2 x is int5d$ to prev5t ! block ,c f turn+ q r\nd4 ,! re/1 ,g1 mu/ n /&1 z usual1 p>allel to ! "w 9 cutt+ ! outside screw1 b at "r angles1 z :5 an inside screw is to be cut1 9 ord] t ! fur!r arm ( ! re/1 ,f1 may be jo9$ to ! end ( ! second arm1 ,g4 ,x is necess>y t ! second arm1 ,e1 %all be capable ( fa/5+ firmly ! fir/ arm1 ,d1 to any "p ( ! re/1 ,g1 ,f1 z also to h a jo9t at ea* end1 to admit 9 a horizontal plane its free action4 ,?us1 z ! la! turns to or f u1 ! arms mu/ trav]se =w>ds or backw>ds1 :i* gives a simil> motion to ! tool1 ,h1 t is screw$ firm to ! fur!r arm1 ,f1 ( ! re/1 & ?us y c cut a screw ) a s+le po9t tool4 ,( c\rse any un/ead9ess w\ld spoil ! screw4 ,if y draw ! c5tre ( ! re/ ne>] to y1 & ?us br+ ! tool ne>] to ! arm1 ,e1 a screw ( a mu* l>g]-siz$ ?read w be cut2 = z ! re/1 turn+ 9 its socket1 moves on a c5tre1 ! fur!r ! tool is f ! c5tre1 ! great] w be ! radius ( ! circle describ$1 & vice v]s4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be fe>$ t a piece ( wood s f> f ! coll>1 ,k1 may be apt to spr+2 b ?is is easily avoid$1 by n mak+ use ( ! *uck1 ,b1 till ! screw is to be turn$4 ,ano!r disadvantage w\ld seem to arise f ! impossibility ( cutt+ screws :5 ! puppet head is made use (4 ,b ?is may also be obviat$ by l5g!n+ ! arm1 ,e1 to ! "p :]e ! screw is to be cut1 & ?us we h ! same screw z ! trav]s+ "o4 ,! socket1 ,s1 slides on ! re/1 & may be fa/5$ to x by a screw1 ! upp] "p t turns on a pivot admits ! arm1 ,e1 to slide ?r\gh x1 :i* arm is held firm ) a screw4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! "w1 ! re/ /&s at "r angles ) ! wood on :i* ! screw mu/ be cut2 !n1 by br++ x back to its orig9al angle1 & slid+ =w>ds ! tool to ! la/ ?read ( ! screw t 0 j cut1 we proce$ to any l5g? requir$4 ,:5 two or ?ree ?reads are cut1 ! mo/ unskillful turn] w be able to cont9ue ! screw ) a common screw tool4 ,,bor+ ,,coll>4 ,fig4 ,d1 plate #d1 is a bor+ coll>1 us$ to support any long sl5d] body :i* is requir$ to be turn$ holl[4 ,)\t a support ( ?is k9d x w\ld be impossible to keep ! wood 9 its place2 & x w\ld ei!r incl9e f ! c5tre1 ?us caus+ ! holl[ to be drill$ out q crook$1 or x w\ld spr+ f ! *uck4 ,to obviate ^! two inconv5i5ces1 ! two coll>s1 figs4 ,c & ,d1 plate #d1 are employ$4 ,9 ! =m] "o1 :i* is made ( iron or brass1 ! holes are conical1 & _! c5tres are all precisely at ! same di/ance f ! axis ( ! coll>4 ,9 us+ x1 remove ! "r h& puppet1 & provide a mu* l[] "o4 ,?r\gh x drill a hole1 ! same size z t 9 ! c5tre ( ! bor+ coll>4 ,! c5tre ( ?is hole mu/ be 9 ! same l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! m&rel4 ,! coll>1 :5 atta*$ to x1 faces ! m&rel1 & is held firm by a screw4 ,:5 fix$1 ! c5tre hole is opposite ! axis ( ! m&rel2 & :5 ! l>ge/ hole is us$1 x cle>s ! top ( ! head/ock to :i* x is affix$4 ,! end ( ! "w to be bor$ be+ plac$ 9 ! hole :i* fits x1 ! tool is held ^u ! re/ aga9/ its c5tre1 & ! bor+ is easily & accurately p]=m$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c4 ,! coll>1 ,d1 is p]haps1 a simpl] app>atus = support+ long pieces ( sl5d] wood or ivory1 & has ?is advantage1 t ! workman c easily make x = himself4 ,x %\ld be con/ruct$ ( v h>d1 well-season$ wood4 ,! foot1 ,e1 mu/ be 9 bread? exactly ! size ( ! ap]ture 9 ! b$ ( ! la!1 & is kept q /eady by a bit ( wood ?ru/ ?r\gh x und]nea? ! la!4 ,into ?is coll>1 fit _m pieces ( wood ) diff]5t siz$ holes bor$ ?r\gh !m1 7all exactly 9 a l9e ) ! axis ( ! m&rel17 s z to admit l>ge or small pieces ( "w1 ! sides be+ groov$1 & ! supports sawn to correspond3 !y all slide 9 ) great ease1 & are kept q /eady by an iron p9 :i* runs ?r\gh ! top4 ,! fig4 ,g1 %[s ! coll>1 ) "o ( ! supports slipp$ 91 ! o!r slid+ ^u x2 ,h is ! coll>1 %[+ ! groove1 & ,l ,l are two supports t fit into x4 ,! middle ( ! ap]tures ( ^! supports1 :e!r l>ge or small1 mu/ always be exactly on a l9e ) ! axis ( ! m&rel1 !re=e1 aft] !y are bor$ q true on ! la!1 !y are sawn exactly across ! hole4 ,?is is a v useful addition to ! la!1 n only z a support :5 bor+ holes1 b also to be us$ ) ! "r h& puppet1 to give /r5g? to any long sl5d] piece ( "w1 z a scre5-h&le or a p5-hold]2 =1 be+ ( great l5g?1 ! /ress necess>y to ! prop] managem5t ( ! tools w\ld be apt to break ! wood or ivory1 & x is easy to make "o ( ! ornam5tal m\ld+s ( a prop] size1 to enable x to run smoo?ly 9 "o ( ! supports2 if too tight1 ! :eel w n turn1 & if too loose1 ! "w w j]k up & d[n4 ,= bor+1 !re are _m %ap$ tools ( v>i\s sizes2 #af1 #ag1 pl4 #a1 are draw+s ( ! mo/ useful4 ,!y h no h&les1 b at ! small] end a hole is drill$1 to admit ! po9t1 ,j1 ( ! puppet1 ,g1 pl4 #a4 ,hav+1 ) "o ( ! turn+ tools1 made an ap]ture 9 ! "w suffici5tly l>ge to all[ ! bor+ tool to ent]1 screw ! puppet1 ,g1 firmly to ! b$ ( ! la!1 !n turn ! small :eel1 ,k1 till ! po9t ent]s ! hole 9 ! tool1 :i* mu/ be /eadi$ by hold+ x /raight & firm ) a pair ( p9c]s4 ,make ! :eel turn r quickly1 & ) ! left h& keep mov+ ! left :eel1 ,k1 v g5tly1 s z to =ce ! tool into ! wood4 ,aft] a few turns1 /op ! la!1 & take out ! bor+ tool1 to get rid ( ! %av+s & du/2 move ! puppet ne>] & beg9 aga94 ,a little difficulty w be f\nd 9 mak+ ! tool ent] ! wood1 or bite1 z x is call$1 b1 by humor+ x g5tly1 x w soon take hold2 c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep x q /raight1 & n to g too fa/1 or x w be liable to break4 ,?is me?od ( bor+ is only us$ = small holl[ tubes1 ne$le-cases1 cro*et-ne$les1 h&les1 & small "w4 ,,( ,,woods4 ,!re are _m beautiful ,engli% woods :i* are excell5t = turn+2 bee* is v univ]sally us$1 & x %\ld be cut into mod]ate siz$ pieces & boil$1 to r5d] x m durable1 & to make x "w smoo?ly4 ,elm & *e/nut are also mu* admir$2 if ! latt] be dipp$ 9 alum wat]1 !n bru%$ ov] ) a hot decoction ( logwood1 aft]w>ds ) "o ( ,brazil wood1 x w be made to imitate mahogany4 ,gre5 wood %\ld nev] be us$1 z x is apt to split2 x %\ld be kept = at lea/ a ye> be=e attempt+ to turn x4 ,"s p]sons1 if !y fe> ! wood has n be5 suffici5tly season$1 cut x up & put x 9 a vessel fill$ ) a ley made ( wood a%es4 ,9 ?is x mu/ be boil$ = an h\r1 & all[$ to rema9 9 ! liquor till q cold1 aft]w>ds x mu/ be dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,old walnut wood is v beautiful2 to improve its col\r1 x may be put 9 ! ov51 & :5 work$1 poli% x ) its own oil1 v hot4 ,sycamore1 :5 gr[n 9 fav\rable situations1 is z :ite & ne>ly z h>d z holly2 ! *]ry1 yew1 laburnum1 & pe>-tree woods1 are also v beautiful2 b ?\gh invaluable = pla9 turn+1 !y are n h>d en\gh1 or ( a suffici5tly close & f9e gra91 to admit ( ornam5t+ !m 9 delicate & m9ute patt]ns4 ,! mill+ tools are g5]ally employ$ = !m4 ,( all ,engli% woods1 ! holly is ! :ite/1 & is r5d]$ /ill m s by boil+2 x is1 :5 v good1 us$ = inlay+1 9 imitation ( ivory4 ,box is ! h>de/ & t\ghe/ ( our woods2 :5 cut plank-wise1 x is apt to w>p1 if n well season$2 b its yell[ col\r1 if highly poli%$1 is mu* admir$1 & x w receive ! mo/ delicate patt]ns2 x is also us$ z a sub/itute = ivory4 ,! =eign woods are ^? mo/ priz$ by ! ornam5tal turn]1 on acc\nt ( _! h>dness1 & ! beautiful poli% :i* c be giv5 to !m4 ,cocoas1 or ! wood ( ! palm1 is mu* us$ = all k9ds ( ornam5tal "w4 ,x is ( a beautiful br[n1 /reak$ ) d>k] ve9s1 & is f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,r+ wood is extremely h>d1 ( a *ocolate br[n1 ) black ve9s2 x is a good wood = turn+1 & comes f ,brazil4 ,p>tridge & leop>d woods1 tulip & snake woods1 are also frequ5tly us$2 ! latt] is ( a v deep r$1 & v h>d4 ,calam&] wood1 a tree gr[+ 9 ! isl& ( ,ceylon1 is v h>d & heavy1 & ! ve9s 9 x mo/ beautifully %ad$4 ,! pr9cipal col\rs are a f9e *ocolate1 sometimes deep5+ almo/ into black1 !n gradually %ad+ into a cream col\r4 ,x is a v h>d wood1 & takes a high poli%4 ,african ?orn is ( a beautiful d>k col\r1 & mu* priz$ :5 x c be obta9$ good1 :i* is r>ely ! case4 ,ebony1 an exce$+ly h>d1 smoo?1 =eign wood1 is mu* admir$ by turn]s4 ,! be/ is a jet black1 free f any ve9s1 & receiv+ a v high poli%4 ,!re is "s difficulty 9 keep+ woods to prev5t !m f w>p+ or crack+4 ,! =eign woods1 p>ticul>ly1 be+ usually v dry1 (t5 op5 9 fissures :ile work+4 ,! be/ me?od ( pres]v+ !m is to place !m 9 a cool & r damp place1 & to rub a little oil n[ & !n ov] ! outsides1 to keep !m moi/4 ,if ! wood is suffici5tly l>ge to all[ ( its be+ qu>t]$1 ! dang] ( its splitt+ is mu* less2 b ! =eign woods are r>ely l>ge1 z ! trees are g5]ally v high1 b small 9 circumf]5ce4 ,if =eign woods _c easily be obta9$1 box wood & holly may be /a9$ s z greatly to resemble !m4 ,! dy+ woods to be us$ mu/ be 9 small *ips or rasp+s4 ,:5 ! wood is ord]$ to be bru%$ ov] sev]al times ) ! fluid1 x %\ld be dri$ betwe5 ea* "t4 ,if ! /a9 is wi%$ to be v deep1 ! wood %\ld be boil$ 9 ! /a94 ,,to ,,/a9 ,,wood ,,r$4 ,mix two ounces ( ,brazil wood1 & two ( pota%1 9 a qu>t ( wat]2 let !m rema9 9 a w>m place = "s days1 /irr+ !m occasionally4 ,) ?is boil+ liquid1 bru% ov] ! wood till x becomes ( ! requisite col\r2 !n dissolve two ounces ( alum 9 a qu>t ( wat]1 &1 :ile ! wood is wet1 bru% x ov] ) x4 ,= a p9k or a rose r$1 use d\ble ! quantity ( pota%4 ,a ,,yell[ ,,/a94 ,/eep "o ounce ( turm]ic 9 a p9t ( spirits ( w9e2 let x /& = sev]al days4 ,bru% ! wood ov] ) x4 ,a r$ yell[ is made by add+ to ! above a little gum tragacan?4 ,a ,,black ,,/a94 ,bru% ! wood ) a hot decoction ( logwood1 !n ) common ink4 ,a ,,purple ,,/a94 ,boil "o ounce ( logwood & two dra*ms ( ,brazil wood 9 a qu>t ( wat]1 ov] a mod]ate fire4 ,:5 "o-half is evaporat$1 /ra9 x1 & bru% ! wood ov] ) x4 ,:5 dry1 bru% x ov] ) a solution compos$ ( a dram ( pe>l-a% 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,a ,,mahogany ,,/a94 ,= a light /a91 mix two ounces ( madd] & "o ( fu/ic 9 a qu>t ( wat]1 & boil !m all toge!r2 a d>k] /a9 is made by us+ half an ounce ( logwood 9 ! place ( ! madd]1 & !n bru%+ ! wood ) a weak solution ( pota%4 ,all h>d woods are easily poli%$2 fir/1 !y are made p]fectly smoo? & ev51 ) ! turn+ tools1 aft] :i* rub !m ) s& pap]1 !n ) ,dut* ru%es1 :i*1 to prev5t _! break+ into small pieces1 %\ld be /eep$ 9 wat]4 ,:ile us+ ^!1 make ! la! turn quickly r\nd1 sometimes "o way1 sometimes ! o!r1 to prev5t any unev5ness1 & keep mov+ ! s& pap]1 c4 c41 or ! edges are apt to cut l9es4 ,:5 ?is is done1 & ! "w looks smoo?1 rub ov] x a drop or two ( olive oil1 wipe x clean ) its own %av+s1 take x (f ! la!1 & bru% x ) a v h>d bru%1 ! same z ^? us$ = black+ lea!r4 ,z x is impossible to turn well unless y\r tools are 9 good ord]1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep !m v %>p4 ,if a bit ( ! /eel splits away1 z is frequ5tly ! case 9 turn+ h>d woods1 gr9d x d[n till x becomes ev5 aga91 !n rub x on ! ,turkey /one1 ) a little olive oil1 till ! edge is s %>p t y _c see x2 = ! g\ges & holl[ tools1 ?ick ,turkey /ones1 r\nd$ at ! edges1 are sold1 :i* ent] into ! groove1 & ! out] edges are rubb$ on ! flat /one4 ,z soon z ! turn] becomes q ma/] ( 8 tools1 he w f9d ivory mu* pleasant] to "w ?an wood2 x is n s liable to split1 x turns smoo!r1 poli%es ) less tr\ble1 & %[s any ornam5tal "w mu* bett] ?an wood4 ,b !n x is v exp5sive1 & v difficult to obta9 good & :ite4 ,new ivory may be blea*$ by expos+ x 9 ! sun%9e1 & wett+ x con/antly1 or x w crack2 b till ! ivory is cut up1 y _c tell :e!r x w be good or n4 ,pieces may be b\ght *eap] t h a holl[ 9 ! middle1 !y s]ve v well = p$e/als ( vases1 by screw+ ano!r bit into ! hole1 or = boxes1 by glu+ 9 a piece ( ebony to fit ! holl[4 ,ivory is poli%$ be=e ornam5t+1 ) putty p[d]1 gr\nd v f9e1 rubb$ on ) a piece ( l95 dipp$ 9 wat]1 dry x1 & rub v h>d ) a bit ( felt1 & ! poli% w be beautiful4 ,b aft] x is ornam5t$1 poli% only ) a bru% dipp$ 9 wat] & *alk1 or ev5 9 pla9 wat]4 ,= dy+ ivory1 x is fir/ necess>y to cleanse x f ! grease :i* x always conta9s1 m or less1 & :i* w\ld prev5t its receiv+ ! /a9 or dye4 ,= ?is purpose1 mix half a p\nd ( nitre 9 an equal quantity ( wat]1 tie a /r+ r\nd ! pieces ( ivory1 & dip !m 9 :ile ! liquor is hot1 !n plunge !m into cold wat]4 ,,to ,,die ,,ivory ,,r$4 ,take half a p\nd ( pieces ( sc>let clo?1 put !m into a clean e>!n pot2 add "o ounce ( s(t soap1 aft] :i* p\r 9 ?ree qu>ts ( s(t wat]4 ,boil all toge!r = half an h\r1 /irr+ x frequ5tly1 & squeeze ! clo? sev]al times1 to extract ! col\r4 ,:5 ?is is done1 h ready an e>!n vessel1 put into x z mu* pulv]iz$ alum z w lie ^u a sixp5ce1 p\r ! sc>let liquid ov] x1 & extract all ! col\r f ! clo? by press+ x 9 a canvas bag4 ,/eep ! ivory 9 ?is liquor till x becomes ( ! prop] sc>let4 ,,black ,,dye4 ,boil a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( logwood %av+s 9 a qu>t ( wat]1 9 an e>!n vessel1 = half an h\r4 ,/eep ! ivory 9 x4 ,on tak+ ! ivory out ( ^! boil+ liquors1 imm]se x in/antly 9 cold wat]1 to prev5t its crack+4 ,,elliptic ,,turn+4 ,?is ma*9e is frequ5tly call$1 by ^? :o d n und]/& ! ellipse1 an oval *uck2 b x is n oval1 = an oval expresses an object t is small] at "o end ?an at ! o!r4 ,fig4 #a1 plate #c1 is a front view ( ! ma*9e4 ,i ,k is ! iron plate to :i* all ! p>ts 7except ! r+1 h]eaft] describ$7 are fa/5$4 ,a screw1 simil> to t on ! nose ( ! m&rel1 is rivet$ to ?is plate1 fig4 ,w1 & ^u x :atev] y wi% to turn is fix$4 ,fig4 #b exhibits a back view ( ?is ma*9e2 at ea* ( ! f\r corn]s !re is a %ort squ>e pill>1 m>k$ ,d4 ,)9 ^! are two n>r[ ribs ( /eel1 rea*+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! plate ,i ,k4 ,ea* ( !m1 be+ bevell$1 =ms an angul> groove1 rea*+ all its l5g?4 ,by means ( ^! grooves ! slid]1 ,f1 moves up & d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d4 ,:5 ! slid] is 9 its place1 two pieces ( /eel1 ,m ,m1 be> ^u ! side pieces1 to :i*1 & to ! plate1 ,i ,k1 !y are firmly atta*$ by f\r screws1 ,x ,x ,x ,x4 ,! plate1 ,f1 be+ ca/ 9 ! same piece z ! slide1 _c be ?r[n out ( its place1 b moves 9 a longitud9al direction only1 ! nut1 ,l1 act+ z a /op to prev5t its go+ too f>4 ,! space betwe5 ! end pieces1 ,m ,m1 is j equal to ! diamet] ( ! r+1 ,o1 ,fig4 #c1 ^u ! outside ( :i* !y revolve :5 ! nut is screw$ ^u ! m&rel4 ,two arms1 ,r ,r1 are connect$ ) x1 & 9 ea* !re is a groove ext5d+ ne>ly _! :ole l5g?4 ,?is ma*9e is connect$ ) ! la!1 & its motion obta9$ z foll[s3--,e ,e1 fig4 #d1 repres5ts a head/ock1 ?r\gh :i* two holes are drill$1 ! c5tres ( :i* are precisely 9 a l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! m&rel1 ,m2 ! r+ is fa/5$ to ! head/ock by two screws1 ,i ,i1 ! %anks ( :i* pass ?r\gh ! grooves & ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! head/ock4 ,:5 ! r+ is 9 ?is position1 x w be p]ceiv$ t x c only move f side to side1 & its c5tre mu/ always be 9 ! same horizontal l9e ) t ( ! m&rel4 ,n[ screw ^u ! m&rel ! nut1 ,l1 fig4 #b4 ,! plate1 ,i ,k1 if set exactly opposite ! m&rel1 w revolve 9 a circle2 b if ! c5tre ( ! r+ be ! lea/ 9 ! _w on "o side ( ! m&rel1 x w revolve 9 an ellipse4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! "w is fa/5$ to ! screw1 ,w1 x is q z easy to turn an ellipse z on ! ord9>y la! to turn a cyl9d]4 ,( c\rse1 ! slid] mu/ move ) great /ead9ess & fre$om1 to effect :i*1 v great accuracy 9 ! workman%ip mu/ be obs]v$4 ,figs4 #e & #f are two diff]5t views ( ! ma*9e1--#e is ! side1 #f ! end view4 ,to turn a holl[ sph]e1 ! convex surface is fir/ turn$1 & p]fectly smoo!d & f9i%$2 x mu/ !n be bor$ ) a c5trebit1 to make an ap]ture suffici5tly l>ge to admit ! tool1 fig4 #g1 plate #a1 ) :i* ! int]ior mu/ be work$ away4 ,z1 h[ev]1 x w\ld require a l>ge ap]ture to enable y to holl[ out ! :ole sph]e1 x is pref]able to make six op5+s ) ! c5trebit1 ea* 9 a l9e ) ! c5tre2 !y mu/ also be made at equal di/ances f ea* o!r1 & e hole mu/ be at "r angles ) all ! re/1 except "o1 :i* is exactly opposite to x4 ,place ! sph]e 9 a *uck1 ) ! middle ( any two ( ! holes 9 a l9e ) ! axis ( ! m&rel2 turn out z mu* z y c ( ! fir/ hole1 !n br+ ! o!r holes =w>d & d likewise2 at la/ ! excavations w be cut ?r\gh4 ,to turn ! ,*9ese balls1 :i* are s mu* admir$ = _! beauty & curi\s workman%ip1 we are told to proce$ z foll[s3--,z !y are compos$ ( sph]es "o )9 ! o!r1 ! holes mu/ be j deep en\gh to leave ! ?ickness betwe5 ea* little m ?an ! diamet] ( ! smalle/ sph]e4 ,! "w mu/ be begun by =m+ ! inn]mo/ sph]e1 & aft]w>ds x mu/ be cont9u$ regul>ly on to ! l>g]1 till at la/ ! out] sph]e is complet$4 ,an imm5se1 almo/ an endless1 v>iety ( figures may be work$ 9 ! la! by c>efully regulat+ ! tools4 ,beautiful fl[]s 9 ivory1 equal to ! ,*9ese c>v+1 are =m$ by ! exp]i5c$ turn]1 ) small :eels & o!r in/rum5ts3 m$allions1 ev51 are execut$ 9 ! la!1 ) ma*9]y s con/ruct$ t ! tool foll[s on ! wood ! exact l9es ( ! head t is be+ copi$4 ,gold & silv] ornam5ts1 su* z wat*es1 snuff-boxes1 & o!r tr9kets1 are work$ ) :at is call$ a rose eng9e2 plates ) patt]ns ind5t$ ^u !m are fa/5$ ^u ! m&rel3 ! screw regulates ! tool1 :i* produces an exact c\nt]p>t ( ! patt]n4 ,_m ( ! copp] cyl9d]s us$ 9 pr9t+ calicoes af=d curi\s specim5s ( engrav+ 9 ! la!4 ,x is impossible to imag9e any ?+ m beautiful ?an ! effect produc$1 & a :ole web ( l95 is pr9t$ by !m 9 a v few m9utes4 ,! me?ods employ$ 9 ?is k9d ( turn+ by ! v>i\s arti/s :o practice x are b little kn[n2 &1 inde$1 to look at ! patt]ns produc$1 x w\ld be suppos$ t ! grav] mu/ h be5 us$ to =m !m4 ,a g5]al idea ( ! nature ( ! "w is all we are enabl$ to give4 ,! patt]n int5d$ = ! cyl9d] mu/ be cut ^u a small /eel :eel1 :i* revolves ^u an axis4 ,?is :eel is !n to be held aga9/ ! copp] cyl9d]1 :i*1 quickly revolv+ 9 ! la!1 c>ries x r\nd1 & receives f x ! impression ( its patt]n4 ,! :eel op]ates l a pun*1 b ! r\ghness x makes on ! edge ( ! "w is easily poli%$ d[n4 ,hav+ n[ f9i%$ ! directions = conc5tric & elliptic turn+1 we w1 be=e beg9n+ ! ornam5tal p>ts ( ?is int]e/+ art1 beg to impress ^u ! m9ds ( our read]s t !y mu/ nev] be disc\rag$ by failure 9 _! fir/ attempts1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be subject$ to _m disappo9tm5ts2 =1 z ! ,b>d ( ,avon expresses x3-- 8,(t expectation fails1 & mo/ (t !re ,:]e mo/ x promises2 & (t x hits ,:]e hope is colde/1 & despair mo/ sits40 ,,ecc5tric ,,turn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #e4 ,?is "n includes all ! v>i\s1 beautiful1 & intricate "w = :i* ! p[]s ( a la! are s ju/ly celebrat$1 & :i*1 once se51 mu/ be admir$ by all :o love ! f9e arts & exam9e ! p[]s ( ma*9]y4 ,! ecc5tric cutt]1 ! drill1 ! ecc5tric *uck1 & ! univ]sal1 or v]tical cutt]1 are all indisp5sable = ^? :o wi% to p]=m ornam5tal turn+1 & ) !m ! mo/ delicate & intricate patt]ns c be work$ ) a precision & accuracy t are truly wond]ful4 ,a slid+1 or p>allel1 re/ is absolutely necess>y = turn+ patt]ns1 z ^u x1 9 "s degree1 dep5ds _! exactness4 ,fig4 #a1 plate #e1 is ! draw+ ( "o4 ,! foot1 ,a1 screws firmly to ! b$ ( ! la!1 l ! common re/1 & ! upp] "p fits into ! socket1 ,b1 &1 by means ( ! nut1 ,c1 is turn$ 9 any direction y wi%4 ,d ,d is a b$ ( /eel1 five or six in*es long2 ?r\gh ! groove d[n ! middle is a screw :i* passes f "o end to ! o!r1 &1 by turn+ ! squ>ehead1 ,e1 ! tool slid]1 ,j1 is pu%$ backw>ds or =w>ds1 :ile ! re/ itself rema9s /ation>y4 ,! /eel b$ is graduat$4 ,betwe5 ! b$ & ! screw1 ,e1 is a small brass :eel1 divid$ into numb]s1 ,g2 ?is regulates ! position ( ! tool4 ,! tool slid]1 ,j1 fits into ! b$1 ,h1 & slides 9 & out2 ,j is ! "p :]e ! tool slips 91 & x is kept firm by a screw1 ,k4 ,! h&le draws x to & f ! "w1 & ! nuts l l1 regulate ! dep?s ( ! cuts4 ,! tools belong+ to ?is re/1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 are ( /eel1 ab\t two in*es long1 & are gr\nd to diff]5t angles3 !re are v>i\s sizes ( ea*4 ,:5 y int5d to ornam5t a piece ( wood or ivory1 fir/ turn x q r\nd1 & smoo? x ) ! common tools2 y mu/ !n make ! surface p]fectly flat1 & to accompli% ?is1 adju/ ! slid+ re/ at a prop] di/ance1 put 9 "o ( ! r\nd-end$ tools1 ,no4 #e1 let x j t\* ! wood by sett+ ! screws1 l l2 put ! la! 9 motion1 & g5tly approa* ! tool to ! "w2 if x cuts too deep1 tight5 ! screws a little m2 if too little1 pu% ! screw =w>d4 ,keep ! tool /eadily up to ! "w by press+ on ! lev]1 ,s1 :i* impels ! tool to slide =w>d1 !n1 ) ! "r h&1 turn ! head1 ,e1 by means ( a h&le1 ,p1 :i* w ?us enable ! tool slide to run f "o end ( ! brass b$ to ! o!r1 at ! same "t t ! la! is turn+ rapidly r\nd1 & ?us ! surface ( ! wood is r5d]$ p]fectly smoo?1 level1 & poli%$4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x w require to be work$ ov] 9 ?is mann] ?ree or f\r times be=e x becomes q flat2 & frequ5tly1 ev5 :5 x appe>s level1 !re w /ill be a holl[ 9 ! middle1 :i* w q de/roy ! accuracy ( ! patt]ns3 to discov] :e!r ?is is ! case or n1 take ! ,t squ>e1 see plate #a1 fig4 ,r2 place x ) its edge aga9/ ! wood3 if y c see light betwe5 x & ! "w1 ! surface _c be ev51 & requires smoo?+ ov] aga94 ,! next process is to cut v delicate circles all ov] ! "w1 at regul> di/ances3 ?is is done to take (f ! bright look ( ! wood1 t ! patt]ns may appe> to great] advantage4 ,put into ! tool slide a d\ble angul> tool1 ,no4 #d2 adju/ x s z to make a di/9ct1 b /ill delicate1 cut into ! wood4 ,make "o cut 9 ! middle ( ! "w2 move ! brass :eel1 ,g1 "o numb]1 or f #a to #b2 make a second cut2 move to #c1 !n to #d1 & s on3 ea* circle y w f9d enl>ges gradually1 till y arrive at ! end ( ! wood4 ,patt]n #a1 plate #f1 is a specim5 ( ?is "w2 b rememb]1 x is m]ely a prep>ation = o!r patt]ns4 ,9 do+ side "w1 z ! side ( a box1 or a knitt+-case1 unscrew ! screw ,c1 & turn ! brass b$ ( ! re/ r\nd till 9 a l9e ) x1 !n proce$ z direct$ = face "w4 ,! wood be+ ready1 we w n[ g on to give a description ( ! ecc5tric cutt]1 plate #e1 fig4 #b4 ,l ! tool slid]1 x fits into ! slid+ re/1 b n[ x is no long] ! "w :i* moves r\nd & ! tool /ation>y1 b ! wood rema9s firmly fix$ :ile ! tool rapidly revolves & cuts ! patt]ns4 ,= ?is purpose1 x is obvi\sly necess>y t ! fly :eel %\ld turn ! cutt]1 :ile ! small :eel rema9s immovable4 ,sev]al me?ods are us$ to p]=m ?is3 ! "o giv5 plate #d1 fig4 ,k1 is ! easie/4 ,! frame "h repres5t$ %\ld be ( iron1 firmly screw$ to ! b5* ( ! la!1 & ( suffici5t height to be ab\t a foot above ! head ( ! workman4 ,9 front is a sp9dle1 :i* works 9 two nuts1 ,no4 #a #a1 exactly 9 a l9e ) ! m&rel4 ,two wood5 :eels1 ,no4 #b #b1 are fa/5$ to ?is sp9dle2 ! "o on ! left h& rema9s /ation>y ov] ! fly :eel ( ! la!1 by :i* x is turn$1 ! o!r slips backw>ds & =w>ds1 accord+ to ! "w x is requir$ to d4 ,take (f ! usual catgut f ! fly-:eel1 & pass a long "o ov] x1 & ov] ! small :eel on ! ov]-head frame1 ,no4 #b4 ,:5 ! cutt]1 #b1 plate #e1 is fix$ 9 ! slide re/1 draw ! o!r small :eel on ! sp9dle1 ,no4 #b1 =w>d1 till j above ! re/1 !n pass a catgut ov] x1 & r\nd ! small brass :eel1 ,b1 ( ! cutt]1 & ! :ole w turn toge!r4 ,! brass :eel ( ! la! mu/ !n be fix$ at "o p>ticul> numb]4 ,x is usually divid$ into ?ree hundr$ & sixty divisions1 ea* m>k$ by a small hole 9 ! brass :eel1 z 9 fig4 ,a1 plate #d1 & x is by prop]ly divid+ ! numb]s on ?is plate t ! accuracy ( ! patt]ns dep5ds2 to keep ! :eel /eady1 a small /eel key1 h1 plate #d1 is slipp$ into ! brass knob1 ,o1 plate #d1 & ! o!r end1 be+ po9t$1 ent]s into "o ( ! small holes1 say ! "o m>k$ #cfj2 ! "w is !n immovable until y remove ! key into ano!r hole4 ,! cutt] itself is ( brass1 ) a sp9dle1 ,c1 :i* works 9 two brass coll>s4 ,at "o end is ! :eel1 ,b1 by :i* x is turn$1 at ! o!r a /eel frame1 ,t ,d1 :i* is m>k$ on ! upp] edge 9 small l9es1 ,e1 to regulate ! quantity ( ecc5tricity4 ,! /eel tool-box1 ,f1 holds ! tool1 :i* is kept firm by a small screw und]nea?4 ,by means ( a screw ?r\gh ! frame1 ,d ,d1 simil> to t ( ! slid+ re/1 ! tool is pu%$ backw>ds & =w>ds1 & cuts a l>ge or a small circle4 ,g is ! nut t moves x1 & x also is divid$ into numb]s4 ,?is cutt]1 = _m patt]ns1 is q z useful z ! ecc5tric *uck1 b1 9 conjunction ) ! =m]1 is invaluable1 & ! patt]ns p]=m$ by !m may be multipli$ accord+ to ! ta/e & g5ius ( ! turn]4 ,! two screws1 ,h ,h1 fix ! dep? ( ! cut2 ! :eel ( ! slid+ re/ det]m9es ! necess>y di/ance1 t ( ! cutt] ! ecc5tricity1 :ile ! brass :eel keeps ! patt]n accurate4 ,! tools1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 plate #e1 are ( v>i\s =ms & sizes3 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to break !m1 & ! cutt] mu/ be con/antly well oil$ ) olive oil2 ! holes1 ,k ,k1 are made to receive x4 ,9 us+ ?is tool1 make ! :eel ( ! la! g v quick1 b approa* ! tool v g5tly & sl[ly to ! "w4 ,! bett] to d ?is1 ! lev]1 ,s1 is us$2 x ent]s into "o ( ! holes 9 ! side ( ! cutt]1 & into a simil> "o 9 ! slid+ re/1 s t by a slight pressure ! tool is impell$ g5tly =w>d4 ,!re are g5]ally ab\t two doz5 tools %ap$ l ^? 9 ! plate1 b ( v>i\s sizes4 ,to imitate ! second patt]n1 plate #f1 :i*1 x w be p]ceiv$1 is a numb] ( circles1 slide ! cutt] t[>ds ! edge ( ! "w by turn+ ! screw ( ! slide re/1 !n1 to make ! out] circle ( ! bord]1 turn ! small nut1 ,g1 ( ! cutt] six times r\nd2 put a d\ble angul> tool into ! tool box1 screw x firmly1 adju/ y\r cutt] by ! screws1 ,h ,h1 to ! prop] di/ance1 & /op y\r :eel ) ! /eel key at #cfj4 ,cut "o circle1 alt] y\r :eel ?irty numb]s1 cut ano!r circle1 !n ?irty numb]s m1 till ! twelve circles are all cut4 ,?is done1 alt] ! :eel fifte5 numb]s1 :i* w make ! circle cut half ?r\gh two ( ! =m] ones1 !n move #cj1 z be=e1 till ! twelve are done4 ,= ! small inn] circles turn ! nut1 ,g1 ( ! cutt] two turns back1 to r$uce ! size1 & move #cj z be=e4 ,! patt]n 9 ! middle is /ill circles1 ?\gh diff]5tly arrang$4 ,draw back ! cutt] till a little pa/ ! middle ( ! "w1 !n unscrew ! nut1 ,g1 fifte5 turns1 cut "o circle1 move ! brass :eel #ae1 cut ano!r2 move #ae1 cut ano!r2 !n move #de1 cut ano!r2 move #ae1 !n #ae1 & s on till all are f9i%$4 ,?ird patt]n4--,set ! cutt] at five turns1 & move five numb]s on ! brass :eel = e circle4 ,= ! middle patt]n1 turn ! nut ( ! cutt] eight times1 move n9ety numb]s on ! :eel1 till f\r circles are cut2 !n move #de1 cut ano!r2 !n #ij aga94 ,to make ! small circles1 turn ! nut1 ,g1 backw>d two turns1 & move #ij z be=e1 = ! f\r fir/ circles2 !n move #de2 !n #ij to ! end4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #f4 ,f\r?4--,! bord] ( ?is patt]n is ! same z ! "o 9 ,no4 #c1 only y place a piece ( wood ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 dep? across ! b$ ( ! la!1 lett+ x pass half "u ! slide re/2 screw ! re/ d[n firmly1 & proce$ z above4 ,by ?us rais+ ! re/ 9 a slant+ position1 half ! circle only is cut1 :i* has a v pleas+ effect4 ,= ! c5tre patt]n1 set ! cutt] at a small circle1 cut "o 9 ! middle1 hav+ ! :eel fix$ at #cfj4 ,!n move ! brass :eel ( ! slide re/1 plate #e1 ?ree numb]s = ea* circle2 ^! done1 return to ! middle circle & cont9ue ! same to ! o!r end4 ,!n move ! brass :eel ( ! la! to #de1 & repeat z above1 ?ree numb]s = ea* circle1 till ! next r[ is f9i%$2 !n aga9 move =ty-five numb]s on ! l>ge :eel2 & s on to ! end4 ,fif? patt]n4--,set ! cutt] at a l>ge circle1 ! brass :eel at #cfj4 ,move #e = f\r circles1 !n move #ae1 !n #d f\r times m1 !n #ae aga91 & s on to ! end4 ,= ! middle1 set ! cutt] to a small circle1 & move ! brass :eel ( ! la! #ij f\r times4 ,six? patt]n4--,set ! cutt] to ! l>ge/ circle x w make1 beg9 9 ! middle ( ! "w1 set ! :eel at #cfj1 & move t5 e "t4 ,to assi/ ! beg9n]1 a draw+ is giv5 ( ! :eel1 suppos+ ! l>ge/ numb] to be #cfj1 ,a1 plate #d4 ,by ?is ! numb]s are all arrang$2 a table ( ! divisions is also giv52 = on ! prop] & accurate calculation ( ! numb]s dep5ds ! exactness ( ! patt]ns4 ,! plate on ! :eel divid$ at #add is ! plate = m>k+ half-circles & arcs1 z 9 plate #ab1 fig4 #c1 :i* %all be describ$ h]eaft]4 ,^! patt]ns are v beautiful1 &1 f ! arcs be+ gradually r$uc$ 9 size1 !y h a curi\s & elegant appe>ance1 b !y _c be work$ )\t an ecc5tric *uck4 ,,! ,,drill4 ,! drill is a mo/ useful auxili>y to ! ecc5tric cutt]1 n only = drill+ holes1 :i* x does ) great nicety & spe$1 b also = mak+ m\ld+s & patt]ns ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,unlike ! cutt]1 :i* moves ei!r 9 a l>ge or small circle1 ! drill c only "w ^u its own c5tre1 & !re=e ! size ( ! patt]n dep5ds ^u ! tool plac$ 9 x1 its position be+ regulat$ by ! screw 9 ! slid+ re/1 into :i* x slips l ! cutt]4 ,x is turn$ by a rope exactly ! same z 9 ! directions already giv5 = ! ecc5tric cutt]1 & greatly resembles x 9 %ape1 except at ! end1 ,a1 plate #g1 :i* is made j to receive ! tool1 & a small screw keeps x firm4 ,suppose y wi% to ornam5t any?+--say1 ! p5-hold]1 plate #i--) concave m\ld+s1 z 9 ,a4 ,hav+ set ! re/1 by ! aid ( ! ,t squ>e1 exactly 9 ! same slant+ direction1 put a r\nd-end$ tool1 ,no4 #c1 into ! drill1 set x to ! prop] di/ance1 fix ! brass :eel at #cfj1 cut a r\nd hole2 move ! :eel to #gb1 cut ano!r1 & s on till five are drill$2 !n1 )\t alt]+ ! re/1 put 9 a small] r\nd-end$ drill1 hold x by means ( ! lev] well up to ! "w1 make ! l>ge :eel g v quick1 & sl[ly turn ! screw ( ! slide re/1 s z to impel ! drill :i* ev] way y wi%4 ,d n cut too deep at fir/1 or y w break ! tool2 if a great dep? is requir$1 g ov] 9 ! same l9e ?ree or f\r times4 ,?is done1 c\nt #gb1 z be=e1 & proce$ ! same2 ! patt]n w h ! appe>ance ( ! p5-hold] 9 ! draw+4 ,! end1 ,b1 aft] be+ turn$ to ! %ape1 is ornam5t$ 9 small holes1 t resemble a honeycomb1 9 ! same mann]1 ) a r\nd-end$ drill2 c\nt+ s z to make !m fit nicely betwe5 ea* o!r4 ,to d ?is1 y mu/ be able to subdivide y\r fir/ numb]s4 ,?us1 suppose y drill a r\nd hole at #a1 #dj1 #hj1 & s on till y come to #cfj1 ^! numb]s c be divid$ by beg9n+ ! next r[ 7:i* mu/ be begun ! bread? ( ! tool f ! =m] "o1 by turn+ ! slide-re/ screw half1 or a :ole turn1 accord+ to ! bread? ( ! tool7 at #bj1 !n c\nt =ty numb]s z be=e2 b if y _h tak5 =ty-five in/ead ( =ty = y\r numb]1 y c\ld n h divid$ x ev5ly 9 ! second r[1 s z to make ! holes int]sect ea* o!r4 ,be v c>eful to rememb] h[ _m times y turn ! slide-re/ :eel1 t ea* cut may be ( equal l5g?4 ,!re are g5]ally ab\t f\r doz5 tools belong+ to ! drill1 ( v>i\s sizes1 b ( ! %apes giv5 9 plate #g4 ,nos4 #a & #b drill l>ge or small holes1 z = in/ance1 r\nd ! sides ( a turn$ p9cu%ion1 or ne$le-book1 = ! /it*es to g ?r\gh2 #c is us$ to make concave m\ld+s1 or to cut q ?r\gh ! "w 9 /raight l9es1 z 9 ! light] case1 ,e1 plate #i4 ,?is patt]n looks v pretty1 & is q easy1 if y\r "w is turn$ suffici5tly ?92 x %\ld be l9$ ) col\r$ velvet4 ,no4 #d makes concave m\ld+s flat at ! bottom2 ^! tools are also us$ to cut r\nd dots3 #e1 cuts small or l>ge bead+s1 :i* give great lightness & f9i% to ! "w4 ,hav+ made a m\ld+ ) ! holl[ tool ,no4 #b ( ! slide re/1 *oose a bead+ tool t j fits ! m\ld+1 put x 9 y\r drill1 set x to cut suffici5tly deep to be q r\nd at ! top2 hav+ cut "o1 c\nt by ! brass :eel ! prop] di/ance1 to make !m fit close1 b )\t "o spoil+ ! %ape ( ! o!r2 ! r\nd dots on ! bottom ( ! light] case are int5d$ to repres5t ^! beads4 ,tool ,no4 #f cuts m\ld+s ( ! same %ape z ! draw+4 ,9 us+ ?is & ! tools ,nos4 #g & #h1 be c>eful1 aft] ! fir/ cut1 :]e y place !m = ! second1 to make !m fit2 & 9 us+ all ! drill tools1 make ! la! g z quick z y c1 b move y\r tool v sl[ly1 & keep ! drill slide well oil$4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,numb]s ,,on ,,! ,,small ,,:eel ,,& ,,ecc5tric ,,*uck4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,la! ,,:eel4 ,,*uck ,,:eel4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,no4 ( ,no4 ( ,no4 ( ,no4 ( ,no4 ( ,no4 ( divi- cuts to divi- cuts to divi- cuts to sions complete sions complete sions complete = ! ,odd = ! ,odd = ! ,odd "o circle4nos4 "o circle4nos4 "o circle4nos4 cut4 cut4 cut4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #a #cfj -- #a #if -- #a #abj -- #b #ahj -- #b #dh -- #b #fj -- #c #abj -- #c #cb -- #c #dj -- #d #ij -- #d #bd -- #d #cj -- #e #gb -- #e #ai #a #e #bd -- #f #fj -- #f #af -- #f #bj -- #g #ea #c #g #ac #e #g #ag #a #h #de -- #h #ab -- #h #ae -- #i #dj -- #i #aj #f #i #ac #c #aj #cf -- #aj #i #f #aj #ab -- #aa #cb #h #aa #h #h #aa #aj #aj #ab #cj -- #ab #h -- #ab #aj -- #ac #bg #i #ac #g #e #ac #i #c #ad #be #aj #ad #f #ab #ad #h #h #ae #bd -- #ae #f #f #ae #h -- #af #bb #h #af #f -- #af #g #h #ag #ba #c #ag #e #aa #ag #g #a #ah #bj -- #ah #e #f #ah #f #ab #ai #ah #ah #ai #e #a #ai #f #f #bj #ah -- #bj #d #af #bj #f -- #ba #ag #c #ba #d #ab #ba #e #ae #bb #af #h #bb #d #h #bb #e #aj #bc #ae #ae #bc #d #d #bc #e #e #bd #ae -- #bd #d -- #bd #e -- #be #ad #aj #be #c #ba #be #d #bj #bf #ac #bb #bf #c #ah #bf #d #af #bg #ac #i #bg #c #ae #bg #d #ab #bh #ab #bd #bh #c #ab #bh #d #h #bi #ab #ab #bi #c #i #bi #d #d #cj #ab -- #cj #c #f #cj #d -- #ca #aa #ai #ca #c #c #ca #c #bg #cb #aa #h #cb #c -- #cb #c #bd #cc #aj #cj #cc #b #cj #cc #c #ba #cd #aj #bj #cd #b #bh #cd #c #ah #ce #aj #aj #ce #b #bf #ce #c #ae #cf #aj -- #cf #b #bd #cf #c #ab ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,plate #g4 ,^! tools are also useful = cutt+ out ! edges ( "w 9 v&ykes1 z 9 ! top ( ! light] case1 ,e1 = :i* patt]n ! tool ,no4 #h 0 us$1 ! gimp$ edge be+ cut ) ,no4 #b2 ! end ( ! ne$le-case1 ,d1 9 plate #i1 is done ) a r\nd-end$ drill1 ,no4 #c1 9 ! same mann] z direct$ = ! end ( ! p5-hold]4 ,9 ! patt]ns ,nos4 #a & #f ( plate #aa1 ! /raight l9es ne> ! c5tre are cut ) ! r\nd-end$ drill4 ,,goneomet]4 ,all ! ecc5tric tools require ! greate/ c>e 9 %>p5+1 & ! above +5i\s ma*9e has be5 inv5t$ = ?is purpose2 x is repres5t$ at ,p1 9 plate #d4 ,! upp] "p1 #a1 is a plate ( brass1 ! out] edge1 #b1 is graduat$ z high z #ej ea* way1 beg9n+ at ! tongue1 #c4 ,beyond ! numb]s is a groove1 9 :i* "o end ( ! tool slide1 #d1 slips1 & is firmly fix$ 7s z to po9t to any ( ! numb]s t suit ! angle ( ! tool7 by a nut und]nea?4 ,! :ole plate1 #a1 is rais$ & l[]$ at pleasure by a small h+e at #e1 & ! requisite height is fix$ & settl$ by c\nt+ ! numb]s on ! /eel tongue1 #c4 ,und]nea? is ano!r brass b$ ) two feet1 ^u :i* ! ma*9e re/s1 :ile ! front "p leans =w>ds & re/s ^u ! end1 #e4 ,! box t conta9s ! goneomet] has ?ree draw]s 9 x2 ! fir/ is l9$ ) brass1 except = ab\t ?ree in*es 9 wid?1 :i* space is cov]$ ) f9e ,turkey /one4 ,to use ?is ma*9e1 take out ?is draw]1 lay ! feet ( ! goneomet] on ! brass1 put ! slide-re/ tool1 ,no4 #d1 into ! tool box1 screw x firm1 !n slide ! tool box along ! groove till x arrives at ! prop] angle1 say #de2 fix x ) ! nut und]nea?1 !n raise ! :ole brass plate1 #a1 slid+ x along ! tongue1 #c1 till at ! exact height necess>y = ! tool to t\* ! ,turkey /one4 ,rub x backw>ds & =w>ds ^u x ) oil4 ,:5 "o side is %>p1 move ! tool slide to ! opposite angle1 to %>p5 ! o!r4 ,! small ecc5tric tools are plac$ 9 ! /eel case1 ,u1 & ! case fits into ! tool slide4 ,,circul> ,,re/4 ,! re/ we h already describ$1 call$ ! ,p>allel ,re/1 works1 z its "n suffici5tly expresses1 9 a /raight l9e2 x is !re=e useless = ornam5t+ sph]ical objects1 & ! circul> re/ has lately be5 inv5t$ to supply ?is defici5cy4 ,x is a mo/ +5i\s contrivance1 & p]fectly fulfils ! purpose = :i* x 0 inv5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #h4 ,! b$1 ,a ,a1 is ! same z 9 ! p>allel re/1 & screws 9 ! same way to ! b$ ( ! la!4 ,b is a brass socket & pill>1 :i* support ! b$ ,c1 9 :i* ! tool box slides2 !y are =m$ 9 ! same piece ) ! l[] b$1 ,l ,l1 & firmly fix$ into ! l[] "p1 :i* is groov$1 by f\r brass-head$ screws1 ,n ,n4 ,! grooves enable ! :ole socket & tool box to slide backw>ds & =w>ds on ! b$ ( /eel1 ,d ,d1 & by means ( ! screw :i* passes ?r\gh x ! workman regulates ! advance or retreat ( ! re/ to or f ! "w 9 a /raight l9e1 :ile ! l[] "p rema9s /ation>y4 ,! small :eel1 ,e1 is graduat$1 & turn$ by a key1 to enable ! turn] to c\nt ! di/ance4 ,f is a /eel sp9dle1 :i* works 9 two brass coll>s1 ,g ,g2 ab\t half-way d[n4 ,! sp9dle is =m$ into a screw1 ,o1 :i* turns ^u ! brass :eel1 ,h1 & by mov+ ! nut1 ,j1 moves ! :ole re/ 9 a circul> direction1 9 ! same way t ! screw 9 ! /eel b$1 ,d ,d1 impels x 9 a /raight l9e3 by ?is +5i\s contrivance all objects t are r\nd or sph]ical c be ornam5t$3 su* z balls1 ! globul> sides ( vases1 or small baskets1 9 e v>iety ( patt]n4 ,! le>n] w easily discov] ! prop] me?od ( us+ ?is re/1 :i* is v simple 9 its me*anism & use4 ,! nut1 ,k1 is = sett+ ! tool slid] at diff]5t angles1 ! same z 9 ! p>allel or slid+ re/2 ! tools to be employ$ are ^? ( ! above-m5tion$ re/4 ,,! ,,v]tical1 ,,or ,,univ]sal ,,cutt]4 ,,plate #g4 ,?is cutt]1 :i* also fits into ! slide re/1 is diff]5t f ! o!rs2 &1 z its "n d5om9ates1 ! patt]ns x c cut are almo/ endless1 = x may be turn$ 9 any direction4 ,! b$ ( ! slide is ! same z ) ! drill2 at ! end1 ,no4 #a1 is a screw1 :i*1 :5 turn$ by ! key1 ,b1 incl9es ! tool-hold]1 #b1 to any angle t may be requir$1 & x is regulat$ by ! l9es on ! brass plate1 #c1 :i* are m>k$ by a small /eel po9t2 s t if y wi% to cut out a patt]n slant+ to ! "r1 & ano!r to correspond slant+ to ! left1 y h only to m>k ! numb] on ! plate1 :]e y cut ! fir/1 & !n ) ! key move ! cutt] to ! same position on ! opposite side4 ,:5 ! tool-hold]1 #b1 /&s /raight1 z 9 ! plate1 ! tool cuts horizontally3 :5 x is screw$ d[n to ! la/ l9e on ! plate1 x cuts p]p5dicul>ly1 b ! cut always scoops out2 & by putt+ ! tool z f> out ( ! hold] z y c1 ! cut w be l>g]1 & ! scoop deep]4 ,! back support ( ! pulley1 #d1 moves ) ! tool-hold]2 & ! pulleys1 #e1 correspond ) ea*2 ! back "o is turn$ 9 ! same direction z ! front "o1 by unloos+ ! screw1 #f4 ,! gut1 aft] pass+ ov] ! pulley on ! ov]-head frame1 comes ?r\gh ! two back pulleys ( ! cutt] & r\nd ! front "o1 z 9 ! plate2 b :5 ! cutt] is screw$ flat1 a %ort cord1 ! same z t us$ = ! drill1 is suffici5t2 & ! back pulleys are !n n necess>y4 ,?is tool requires con/ant oil+ at ,d ,d1 = ! friction is v great2 x also dem&s mu* c>e & delicacy 9 us+ x1 z x mu/ n be incauti\sly ?ru/ aga9/ ! wood1 or x w /ick fa/1 & n turn r\nd4 ,!re are ab\t f\r doz5 tools1 all ( ! %apes giv5 9 ! plate1 b ( v>i\s sizes4 ,?is cutt] slides into ! slide re/1 & ! dep? ( ! cut is1 z usual1 regulat$ by ! screws at ! end1 & ! cutt] is br\ght to ! "w by ! aid ( ! same lev] z is us$ = ! drill & ecc5tric cutt]4 ,! patt]ns cut by ?is tool are c\nt$ & regulat$ by ! numb]s on ! brass :eel1 z ) ! o!rs4 ,:5 ! turn] has once tri$ x1 he w readily discov] its advantages = all k9ds ( ornam5tal "w1 p>ticul>ly = ! sides ( boxes1 ne$le-cases1 & _m o!r articles2 b x is ne$less to give _m draw+s ( ! patt]ns1 z !y mu* dep5d ^u ! ta/e ( ! turn]4 ,"o beautiful design = a light] case1 or small basket1 is work$ ) ?is cutt] ) a flat-end$ tool4 ,turn ! "w v ?91 *uck x firmly1 make "o cut deep en\gh to all[ ! tool j to cut ?r\gh1 & no m4 ,c\nt ?irty on ! brass :eel ( ! la! e "t2 ! next r[ make ! cut deep]1 s t ! op5+ w be l>g]1 !n move #fj4 ,by ?is means a piece ( ivory w be left /&+ out1 ) op5+s cut betwe51 :i*1 :5 l9$ ) col\r$ velvet1 looks light & elegant4 ,?is r[ c\nt sixty e "t2 ! next1 ?irty1 z at ! beg9n+4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #i4 ,! ne$le-case 9 plate #i1 fig4 ,k1 is entirely ornam5t$ ) ?is cutt] 9 a v>iety ( patt]ns4 ,figs4 #a1 #c1 #d1 & #h1 are work$ ) ! flat & r\nd-end$ tools2 #b1 ) ! tool ,no4 #f2 #e ) ! tool #c2 #g1 ) #d2 & #f ) ,no4 #f4 ,! bottle1 ,b1 is also ornam5t$ ) ! same tools4 ,x is holl[ d[n ! neck1 & is int5d$ to conta9 a t9 or glass ( wat]2 9 ! /opp] is glu$ a small camel's-hair bru%1 :i* re/s 9 ! wat]1 & is meant to be us$ = wett+ po/age-/amps1 & fa/5+ !m ^u lett]s4 ,! bottom ( ! neck unscrews at fig4 #a1 & ! "p bel[ x is holl[$ out l a box1 to hold ! /amps4 ,! neck is ornam5t$ 9 /eps4 ,set ! cutt] q flat1 fac+ ! side ( ! "w2 use ! tool ,no4 #e2 cut "o l9e1 move ! brass :eel ( ! la! j f> en\gh to make ! second cut jo9 ! fir/1 & ! same all r\nd4 ,9 ! next r[ make ! fir/ cut half-way betwe5 ! o!rs2 ?us1 if y h begun at ! numb]s1 #a1 #f1 #ab1 9 ! second r[ beg9 at #c1 !n g to #i1 !n to #ae1 & s on4 ,e r[ ( /eps beg9s half-way ?r\gh ! =m] ones1 & = ea* r[ move ! cutt] on ! slide re/ ! bread? ( ! tool4 ,! convex m\ld+ at ! bottom ( ! neck is done by putt+ "o ( ! holl[ tools ( ! slid+ re/ into a h&le1 & r\nd+ ! ornam5t ) x4 ,! o!r patt]ns are all done ) ! same cutt]1 by plac+ ! tools at diff]5t angles4 ,9 ! same plate1 #i1 ! two patt]ns ,f & ,g are v beautiful1 !y are work$ ) ! ecc5tric cutt]4 ,f resembles ! scales ( fi% ly+ "o ov] ano!r3 put ! mo/ angul> tool1 ,no4 #e1 7( ! cutt] tools71 into ! cutt]2 describe a circle f ! edge ( ! middle l9e to ! out] "o2 cut "o circle v deep1 move t5 numb]s on ! brass :eel ( ! la!1 & s on to ! end4 ,! patt]n1 ,g1 is work$ exactly ! same1 only a less angul> tool1 ,no4 #d1 is us$1 & few] numb]s are c\nt$3 x resembles leaves1 "o ly+ ov] ! o!r4 ,! /opp] ( ! bottle1 ,b1 is also ornam5t$ ) ?is cutt]1 & ) an angul> tool4 ,fir/ turn ! /opp] q circul>1 7! knob at ! top mu/ be glu$ 9 aft]w>ds74 ,set ! slid+ re/ at a conv5i5t di/ance1 & place "u x "o ( ! slide-re/ tools1 s z to raise x 9 an unev5 mann]2 screw ! re/ firmly1 & set ! circle j l>ge en\gh to encircle half ! /opp]4 ,by ?is means ! tool cuts ! ,,"u "p ( ! circle1 & passes ov] ! o!r half3 ?is patt]n mu/ be cut v deep1 & ab\t five numb]s be c\nt$ betwe5 ea* cut on ! brass :eel ( ! la!4 ,d is ano!r patt]n = a /opp]2 x is work$ ) a r\nd-end$ drill4 ,cut ! holes r deep1 & z ne> z y c to "o ano!r1 only leav+ a v little ?9 %ell ( ivory betwe5 !m1 & ! patt]n w resemble a honeycomb4 ,! light] case1 ,e1 is ornam5t$ ) ! drill & v]tical cutt]4 ,turn ! upp] "p v ?91 !n drill long l9es q ?r\gh ! ivory1 leav+ a space betwe5 ea*2 ?is looks light & elegant1 if l9$ ) col\r$ pap]4 ,! base is cut 9 /eps ) ! v]tical cutt]2 c\nt tw5ty = ea* cut2 ! second r[1 make ea* cut betwe5 ! =m] ones1 mov+ = ea* r[ ! bread? ( ! tool4 ,! top is cut out 9 leaves ) ! drill tool ,no4 #h4 ,to %>p5 all ^! tools1 use ! goneomet]1 tak+ c>e t y fix x exactly at ! prop] angle1 by c\nt+ ! position by ! numb]s4 ,if y d n place ! tool j at ! "r angle1 x w cut ! patt]ns q crook$4 ,,ecc5tric ,,*uck4 8,! c5tre mov'd--a circle /raight succe$s2 ,ano!r /ill1 & /ill ano!r spreads40 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj4 ,p]haps ! mo/ useful ( all ! additions to ! la! is ?is *uck1 = by its aid ! turn] c alt] ! c5tre ( 8 "w z he pleases1 produc+ a great v>iety ( circul> l9es ( diff]5t sizes1 & o!r ornam5ts1 :i* _c be attempt$ )\t x4 ,! tools are ^? already describ$ belong+ to ! slide re/1 :i* latt]1 :5 us$ ) ?is *uck1 assumes q a diff]5t "* ?an :5 employ$ ) ! ecc5tric & univ]sal cutt]s & ! drill4 ,) ^! ?ree1 x m]ely s]ves to m>k1 by aid ( its screw1 ! di/ance !y require to be f ! "w1 & ! position 9 :i* !y are to be plac$1 b does n assi/ 9 ! size or =m ( ! patt]ns to be cut2 ) ! ecc5tric *uck1 h[ev]1 x is q diff]5t4 ,! re/ m>ks ! size ( ! circles1 :ile ! *uck fixes _! position4 ,?us3 suppose y wi% to cut a circle1 or s]ies ( circles1 n z 9 ! patt]n1 ,no4 #a1 plate #f1 :i* beg9 f ! c5tre & gradually enl>ge1 b l ^? 9 ,no4 #c2 ! slide re/ mu/ be set to ! prop] position1 to enable ! tool to cut ! requisite circle1 & !n ! *uck mu/ be screw$ d[n till ! tool arrives opposite ! exact place :]e ! patt]n is to be work$4 ,) ?is *uck ! ov]-head frame is no long] us$2 ! brass & fly-:eels be+ employ$ toge!r1 z 9 common turn+1 ! *uck hav+ a :eel ( its own by :i* to regulate ! patt]ns4 ,9 ! annex$ plate1 fig4 #a1 is a front view ( ! ecc5tric *uck2 fig4 #b is ! same se5 sideways4 ,a ,a are two brass plates1 ) a screw at ! back ( !m1 z %[n at ,p1 fig4 #b2 by ?is screw x fa/5s on to ! m&rel ( ! la! l a common *uck4 ,a ,a are s %ap$ z to admit ( ,d slid+ up & d[n !m1 & ! f\r screws enable ! slide to be tight5$ or loos5$4 ,d[n ! middle ( ! *uck is a screw ) a v f9e ?read2 x is turn$ at ei!r end by ! squ>e head1 #c1 & ?us ,d slides up & d[n at pleasure1 b _c 9 any way get out ( its prop] position1 &1 above all1 c nev] %ake 9 its b$4 ,e is a brass :eel divid$ into #abj tee?1 ^u :i* ! di/ances are calculat$1 ! same z on ! o!r brass :eel2 9 ! middle ( x1 ,f1 is a screw1 ! same 9 size z t on ! m&rel1 ^u :i* ! *uck t holds ! "w mu/ be screw$4 ,! :eel1 ,e1 has a spr+ screw1 :i*1 by turn+ back ! spr+1 ,h1 enables y to move ! :eel r\nd z _m numb]s z y wi%1 & ! /eel po9t1 ,k1 m>ks ! "o y wi% to set x at4 ,l is a small :eel ) f\r numb]s m>k$ ^u x2 by sett+ x at ,o1 ! /eel screw passes f l9e to l9e ( ! :eel1 ,e1 fig4 #b2 by turn+ x "o l9e fur!r1 x /ops at 2 ano!r l9e1 x /ops at 2 & a ?ird1 at 2 ?us enabl+ y to cut y\r patt]ns z f9e & delicate z y l4 ,! squ>e heads1 #c #c1 are plac$ at ea* end ( ! *uck1 s t ! plate ,d c trav]se ! :ole l5g?1 & ?us enable y to ornam5t a squ>e or an oblong piece ( "w2 bo? heads h f\r numb]s m>k$ ^u !m1 by :i* y regulate ! motions ( ! *uck4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ,d ,d is screw$ up level ) ! black l9e ,o1 ! screw ,f w be exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ! la!4 ,n[1 suppose ! tool 9 ! slide re/ is set to cut a v small circle1 & y wi%1 hav+ done t "o1 to cut sev]al o!rs ( ! same size r\nd x1 ?us1 ,illu/ration3 small :eel y mu/ turn ! *uck d[n "o turn by c\nt+ ! numb]s on ! squ>e head1 ,no4 #c2 & hav+ cut "o circle 9 ! prop] place1 c\nt z _m numb]s on ! brass plate1 ,e1 z are necess>y to make !m fit prop]ly4 ,%\ld y wi% to make a second r[ ( circles l>g] ?an ! fir/1 besides turn+ d[n ! *uck1 y mu/1 to enl>ge !m1 turn ! screw ( ! slide-re/ "o turn =w>ds4 ,all ! patt]ns already giv5 = ! ecc5tric cutt] c be done equally well ) ! ecc5tric *uck1 except ! bord] patt]n 9 ,no4 #d1 :i* c only be work$ by ! cutt]4 ,pati5ce1 calculation1 & att5tion w enable y to p]=m ! mo/ beautiful1 m9ute1 & intricate patt]ns ) ! ecc5tric *uck2 b ?\gh ,i h endeav\r$ to give _m specim5s1 :5 pr9t$ !y only 9 a slight degree convey an idea ( ! real beauty ( ?is k9d ( turn+2 ! dep? ( ! cut w :olly alt] ! appe>ance ( a patt]n1 & ! same circles cut ) ano!r %ap$ tool pres5t q a diff]5t appe>ance2 9 all1 h[ev]1 !re is "o rule1 :i* mu/ nev] be =gott5--viz41 be v c>eful to make y\r wood or ivory p]fectly smoo?1 flat1 & ev51 be=e attempt+ to ornam5t x1 or y w be disappo9t$ by f9d+ t y\r circles are cut deep 9 "o "p & are sc>cely visible 9 ano!r2 also rememb] to l9e x1 z direct$ :5 treat+ ( ! slide-re/1 = ?is gives mu* effect to ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aa4 ,patt]n #a1 plate #aa4 ,beg9 by ! %ell4 ,hav+ smoo!d & l9$ y\r wood1 put a d\ble angul> tool 7,no4 #d ( ! slide-re/ tools7 into y\r re/2 turn ! slide-screw till ! tool is exactly 9 ! c5tre ( y\r "w1 :51 if y move ! :eel r\nd1 y w f9d ! tool w only cut a dot4 ,! out] circle is ! "o ) :i* to comm5ce2 turn ! slide-re/ screw =w>ds t5 :ole turns1 & y w f9d y h ! circle ( ! prop] size4 ,n[ approa* ! tool to ! wood1 cut ! circle c>efully at fir/1 till y decide on ! prop] dep? = ! cuts2 !n set y\r screw guides1 & proce$ z foll[s4 ,= ! o!r t5 circles1 move ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds half a turn1 & dim9i% _! size by mov+ ! slide-re/ screw backw>ds half a turn1 s z to keep ! l[] "p ( ea* circle 9 ! same place4 ,to h a good effect1 %ells %\ld be well cut up--t is1 ea* circle %\ld be ( a suffici5t dep? = ! edge ( ! cut to meet ! =m] "o1 & ?us efface ! l9es made 9 prep>+ ! wood4 ,! rays f ! c5tre are work$ ) ! drill2 put a f9e r\nd-end$ tool1 ,no4 #c ( ! drill tools1 into ! drill2 place x 9 ! slide re/1 /op ! fly-:eel1 arrange ! cords1 & set ! tool ) ! screw guides to cut v little at fir/4 ,by means ( ! slide-re/ screw1 pu% ! drill =w>ds till ! tool t\*es ! out] edge ( ! %ell2 hold x well up to ! "w ) ! lev]2 make ! la! g v quick1 & move ! drill on ! slide =w>ds v sl[ly1 by turn+ ! slide-re/ :eel r\nd ) ! key #ab turns ,,=w>ds1 !n ! same backw>ds4 ,move #ab numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = ea* ( ! o!r middle l9es1 & cut !m z above2 !n move ! slide-re/ half a turn =w>ds to %ort5 ! l9e1 & move #a numb] on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 & cut a l9e mov+ ! slide-re/ #aa turns =w>ds1 by :i* x w be equally %ort5$ at ea* end4 ,move to ! o!r side ( ! long l9es & d ! same4 ,! :ole patt]n is done 9 ?is mann]1 c\nt+ "o = e l9e on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 & gradually %ort5+ !m by r$uc+ ! turns ( ! slide re/4 ,= ! ?ird patt]n1 :i* w\ld look bett] done 9 dots ?an 9 circles1 take away ! drill1 put back ! slide re/ tool-box1 & take a flat-end$ tool2 set x to cut a dot ab\t ! same size z ! circles1 j deep en\gh to efface ! "u l9es1 s t ea* dot w look bright & %9+4 ,hav+ cut "o1 c\nt #b on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = ea* ( ! o!r #fj2 !n screw ! *uck d[nw>ds #b turns1 s t ! next r[ may be j above ^? already done2 cut five dots1 c\nt+ #b numb]s = ea*1 !n pass ov] f\r & cut five m2 & s on to ! end4 ,! upp] circle is work$ precisely ! same z ! l[] "o4 ,! out] patt]n is done l ! arc patt]ns 9 plate #ab1 c\nt+ #e = ea* arc on ! ecc5tric *uck4 ,,patt]n #b4 ,! middle patt]n is =m$ ( eight %ells1 ) only f\r l9es 9 ea*2 b ^! p>ts ( %ells beg9 at ! c5tre po9t1 n r\nd x1 z 9 ! =m] patt]n4 ,use a d\ble angul> tool1 screw ! tool slide out #aj turns1 & ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds1 till ! out] or l>ge/ circle j t\*es ! c5tre2 cut "o circle1 move #ae numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel2 cut ano!r1 & cont9ue ! same till ! eight are done2 !n dim9i% ea* z direct$ = ! %ell1 c\nt+ #ae = e circle4 ,! second patt]n1 ( r+s "o )9 ano!r1 is work$ ) ! same tool2 set x to ! c5tre po9t ( ! wood1 screw x =w>ds f\r turns1 !n screw ! *uck d[nw>ds until y c cut a circle j above ! %ells2 c\nt #f numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = ea* ( ! #bj3 !n dim9i% y\r circles by turn+ ! slide-re/ screw backw>ds half a turn2 d ! second r[1 c\nt+ #f z be=e1 & ! same = ! two inn] ones4 ,a /ill pretti] way ( do+ ?is patt]n is to cut /eps in/ead ( circles4 ,put a f9e flat-end$ tool into ! slide1 set x to cut a circle ! same circumf]5ce z ! l>ge/ 9 ! patt]n2 !n r$uce its size z be=e1 & cut ! next deep]1 by screw+ out ! screw guides a v little2 ! ?ird is /ill small] & deep]4 ,a little dot %\ld rema9 9 ! middle1 /&+ up z high z ! level ( ! wood2 to d ?is patt]n ! wood mu/ be ?ick1 z ! /eps require a c]ta9 dep?4 ,! out] patt]n is done 9 ! same mann] z t 9 patt]n #a1 only ! numb]s are c\nt$ diff]5tly4 ,,patt]n #c4 ,c\nt #dj on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = ea* ( ! ?ree l>ge circles1 dim9i% "o turn ( ! ecc5tric *uck4 ,!n dim9i% ! circle two turns ( ! re/ screw1 & l[] ! ecc5tric *uck two turns1 & cut a circle e #bj numb]s2 ! o!rs are done ! same4 ,= ! second patt]n ( circles1 cut "o = e numb] on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel2 !n move "o numb] on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 & move ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds "o turn1 & cut a circle e #ae2 by mov+ ! *uck d[n1 & advanc+ "o numb] e "t1 ! circles are made to incl9e sideways4 ,! out] patt]n is mu* ! same z 9 ! two =m] ones4 ,,patt]n #d4 ,?is is a d\ble %ell 9 ! c5tre4 ,beg9 ) ! l>ge circle1 hav+ fix$ ! ecc5tric *uck :eel at ,no4 #abj4 ,hav+ cut "o :ole %ell1 move ! :eel to ,no4 #fj1 & "w ! o!r 9 ! same way4 ,= ! circles1 keep ! tool 9 ! same place on ! slide re/1 & screw ! ecc5tric *uck d[n two turns to cle> ! edge ( ! %ell2 cut "o circle e #ab numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 enl>ge ! circle by mov+ ! slide re/ "o turn =w>ds2 cut ! second r[1 & s on till ! f\r? or l>ge/ "o is done1 !n dim9i% ! size = ! o!r two ,,)\t alt]+ ! *uck1 b c\nt+ ! same4 ,! :ite dots are work$ out ) a flat-end$ tool1 cutt+ "o e six numb]s on ! ecc5tric :eel2 !n move y\r *uck d[nw>ds ?ree turns1 & cut "o e #ab2 ?is done1 move back to ! =m] r[ to ! dot t comes betwe5 ! circles1 replace ! d\ble angul> tool1 enl>ge y\r circle1 & cut "o e #ab2 screw ! *uck d[nw>ds ?ree turns1 & proce$ ! same2 !n screw ! *uck upw>ds "o turn & a half1 :i* w br+ y\r tool to a level ) ! middle ( ! two =m] circles2 move ! ecc5tric *uck :eel "o numb] on ea* side ( ! =m] ones1 & ! rosette w be f9i%$4 ,! bord] is =m$ ( pla9 circles1 omitt+ #c numb]s e n9? cut4 ,,patt]n #e4 ,! middle & second r[ ( circles are too simple to require explanation4 ,= ! clu/]s ( r+s1 beg9 ) ! middle r[2 cut two a little ap>t f ea* o!r1 !n "o ?r\gh ! middle ( !m1 & s on to ! end2 set ! ecc5tric *uck :eel to ! middle circle ( "o ( ! clu/]s1 & move ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds1 till ! tool c cut ?r\gh ! middle ( ! o!rs1 !n upw>ds ! same numb] ( turns4 ,! extra half circle is made by mov+ ! :eel ( ! la! ) ! h&1 z = ! arc patt]ns1 & c\nt+ ! numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 betwe5 ^? already =m$4 ,,patt]n #f4 ,?is is m]ely a circle ( %ells1 work$ ! same z 9 patt]n #a2 only ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ea* circle is done to correspond 9 ea* %ell1 in/ead ( work+ e "o sep>ately1 :i* w\ld be m t$i\s2 #ae is c\nt$ on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = ea* r[ ( circles4 ,! rays 9 ! middle are done ) ! drill2 ^! c also be done )\t an ecc5tric *uck2 ! numb]s mu/ !n be c\nt$ on ! fly-:eel1 :i*1 = ?is k9d ( l9e "w1 is kept /eady ) ! /op4 ,,patt]n #a1 ,,plate #ab4 ,cut a small circle1 !n "o e #ab numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel4 ,move ! *uck d[nw>ds two turns1 & ! ecc5tric *uck :eel #a numb]1 ei!r backw>ds or =w>ds2 if ! =m]1 ! r[s ( circles w incl9e to ! "r2 if ! latt]1 to ! left4 ,proce$ ! same = e r[ ( circles1 always c\nt+ twelve betwe5 ea*1 & advanc+ ! *uck #a numb] at ! beg9n+ ( e new r[4 ,,patt]n #b4 ,beg9 ) a small circle 9 ! middle1 !n turn ! ecc5tric *uck d[n two turns1 & cut "o e #ae4 ,= ! o!r two r[s proce$ ! same1 l[]+ ! *uck two turns1 & c\nt+ #ae = ea* on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel4 ,= ! *a9 "w1 cut a circle e #ae ne> ! edge2 !n screw ! ecc5tric *uck "o turn upw>ds1 move #a on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel on ea* side ( ! o!rs2 ?us1 if ! upp] r[ ( circles beg9 at #abj1 ! second r[ w beg9 at ,nos4 #a & #aai1 !n at ,nos4 #ad & #af1 & s on3 ! ?ird & f\r? r[s are ! same z ! two fir/2 & ! la/ is cut betwe5 ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ab4 ,patt]ns #c & #d are call$ arc patt]ns1 & are work$ 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,9 plate #d1 fig4 ,a is a draw+ ( ! brass fly-:eel ( ! la!1 ) ! numb]s m>k$ ^u x4 ,d is a brass circle half an in* wide1 :i* is atta*$ to x3 & ^u :i* are m>k$ #add l9es1 e #ah ( :i* is describ$ by a numb]4 ,b ,b are pieces ( brass :i*1 by means ( a groove 9 ! edge ( ! circle1 fit ^u two /eel slides t fit into ! groove1 & are kept firm by two nuts1 :i* fix !m opposite any numb] y wi%4 ,p is a long ?9 piece ( /eel1 :i* ent]s by "o end ! b$ ( ! la!1 s z always to /& q upright1 by :i* means1 :5 ! brass fly-:eel is g5tly turn$ ) ! h&1 ! flat end ( ! /op1 ,p1 cat*es ^u ! l[] piece ( brass1 ,b1 & if y rev]se ! motion ( ! fly-:eel1 ! o!r piece1 ,b1 w re/ ^u ! /op1 s t y w f9d ! :eel c only turn half or ?ree p>ts r\nd1 j z y *oose to set ! /ops4 ,^! patt]ns1 x w imm$iately be se51 are work$ ) ! h&1 :i* mu/ guide ! :eel sl[ly up & d[n2 !re=e slip (f ! cord1 & hav+ arrang$ a d\ble angul> tool 9 ! slide re/1 hold x up to ! c5tre ( ! "w1 put ! /op1 ,p1 into ! hole1 n1 ( ! b$ ( ! la!1 & g5tly move ! :eel till y f9d ! ext5t ( circle y wi% to cut2 fa/5 on "o slide firmly1 !n fix ! o!r end ( ! arc1 & fa/5 ! o!r slide4 ,?is done1 approa* ! tool c>efully to ! wood1 & cut ! fir/ long arc by mov+ ! fly-:eel ) y\r left h& z f> up & d[n z ! /op w all[2 !n move #bj numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = e "o ( ! o!r five arcs1 & cut !m 9 ! same way4 ,aft] ^! are complet$1 move "o numb] on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel & unscrew ! ,,upp] slide1 & move x d[n z _m l9es z y ?9k fit1 9 ord] to %ort5 ! next arc2 c\nt #bj1 z be=e1 = e o!r ( ! #e4 ,ea* r[ is work$ ! same1 %ort5+ ! arcs & advanc+ "o numb] on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = ea* r[4 ,patt]n #d1 & ! bord] 9 patt]n #a1 plate #aa41 all are done 9 ! same mann]1 only c\nt+ diff]5tly4 ,a great v>iety ( arcs c be work$1 & h a v curi\s effect1 b y mu/ be c>eful 9 cutt+ !m n to let ! tool g too deeply into ! wood or ivory1 or x w ei!r /ick fa/1 or else cut jagg$1 unev5 arcs2 r pref] to sp5d m "t ov] ! "w1 by work+ ! arcs ov] & ov] aga9 till ! prop] dep? is obta9$4 ,^! patt]ns w enable ! le>n] easily to discov] & inv5t _m o!rs1 all beautiful :5 prop]ly & neatly work$4 ,,patt]n #e4 ,cut a circle e #bd numb]s ( ! ecc5tric *uck :eel4 ,l[] ! *uck "o turn1 & cut a circle on ea* side ( ! =m] ones1 s z to =m ! five knots ( ?rees4 ,! edge is work$ l ! arc patt]ns1 mak+ ea* half circle meet & jo9 ) a dot1 cut ) a small flat-end$ tool4 ,,patt]n #f4 ,= ! bord] cut ?ree circles1 "o = ea* numb] on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 !n cut ano!r at #f1 #g1 & #h1 & s on till all are done4 ,! patt]n 9 ! middle ne$s no explanation4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ac4 ,plate #ac conta9s sev]al specim5s ( ecc5tric turn+4 ,! temple may be made ei!r ( wood or ivory1 & be left op51 z 9 ! plate1 or h a col\r$ c>d-bo>d case made to fit inside x4 ,! upp] & l[] p>ts ( ! pill>s1 six 9 numb]1 are flut$ ) a r\nd-end$ drill1 b ! middle p>ts are work$ ) ! ecc5tric *uck1 & are curi\s specim5s ( its p[]s4 ,!y mu* resemble a spiral /aircase1 & ?\gh at fir/ sight !y may appe> difficult1 yet !y are n s :5 prop]ly expla9$4 ,beg9 by turn+ ! wood or ivory p]fectly cyl9drical ) ! slide-re/ tool4 ,?is done1 screw y\r ecc5tric *uck "o turn d[nw>ds1 & turn ! screw ( y\r re/ "o turn =w>ds1 mov+ #ab numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel = e /ep4 ,z ?is requires great nicety1 delicacy1 & c>e1 7! cuts be+ v deep17 y mu/ no long] dep5d ^u ! lev] to approa* ! tool 7:i* is ,no4 #a1 ( ! slide-re/ tools7 to ! "w2 in/ead ( us+ x1 screw "o ( ! screws1 ,l1 at ! end ( ! tool slid]1 to ! deepe/ cut1 & leave x s2 !n1 z y pu% ! tool aga9/ ! wood1 g5tly unscrew ! o!r screw1 ,l1 till ! fir/ "o prev5ts its cutt+ any deep]4 ,= e /ep1 move exactly ! bread? ( ! tool4 ,if ! piece y are work+ is ?9 & long1 x w be necess>y to use ! back puppet2 9 :i* case rememb] to draw x away f ! wood at e *ange ( movem5t2 =1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! ecc5tric *uck is alt]$1 ! c5tre ( ! "w becomes alt]$ also4 ,nos4 #a & #b ( plate #ac are diff]5t patt]ns = pill>s1 bo? work$ )\t ! ecc5tric *uck4 ,! dep? ( ! cuts1 x w imm$iately be se51 =m ! /eps4 ,! r+s n[ dem& our att5tion2 ! tool us$ = =m+ !m is ,no4 #f ( ! slide-re/ tools1 plate #e2 "o side ( ! tool cuts ! out]2 ! o!r1 ! inn] "p ( ! r+s4 ,put ! tool into a h&le1 :]e x mu/ be held firm by a screw2 ! same h&le w be v useful to hold ! slide-re/ tools = mak+ m\ld+s & delicate ornam5ts4 ,! end ( ! r+ tool1 ,no4 #f1 be+ v %>p1 cuts a road = itself into ! wood or ivory1 !n press x g5tly to ! left1 till y f9d "o half ( ! r+ is =m$1 :i* w be se5 by its fill+ up ! half circle ( ! tool2 !n remove ! tool to ! outside ( ! "w1 & press ! o!r side aga9/ x till ! r+ falls (f4 ,x is a good way to turn a small cup & l9e x ) velvet1 or "s s(t article1 into :i* to all[ ! r+s to fall1 z ! delicate ones w\ld be apt to split by /rik+ aga9/ ! /eel b$ ( ! la!4 ,to =m ! *a91 cut ! r+s c>efully ?r\gh on "o side ) a %>p p5knife1 & slip !m "o ?r\gh ! o!r4 ,! h&les ( ! temple are l>ge r+s1 ! p9s !y hang ^u are ( wood4 ,flatt5 ! knob ei!r ) a file or a small saw1 & drill a hole ?r\gh x to receive ! r+2 ! p9 is !n glu$ into ! m\ld+4 ,! ball at ! top is turn$ q r\nd1 & may be ornam5t$ ) ! circul> re/4 ,! ball p5dant f ! *a9 is circul>1 except on "o side1 :]e a small p9 is left1 ?r\gh :i* drill a hole & slip ! r+ ?r\gh x4 ,all ! ornam5ts1 pill>s1 & flut+s may be made ( sep>ate small pieces ( ivory1 :i*1 :5 work$1 are easily fa/5$ toge!r by a /rong cem5t made ( is+lass melt$ 9 g94 ,! top ( ! temple may be work$ ) ! univ]sal cutt]1 or ! drill1 & ! feet are turn$ q r\nd1 & !n ornam5t$ ) ! ecc5tric cutt]1 z direct$ = ! /opp] ( ! bottle1 ,b1 plate #i4 ,! ne$le-case1 ,e1 9 plate #ac1 is also a specim5 ( curi\s turn+2 ! :ole ?+ %\ld be ( ivory1 or else ! twi/s ( ivory1 & ! pill> 9 ! middle ( cocoa1 or "s d>k wood4 ,turn ! ivory p]fectly cyl9drical1 & holl[ x v c>efully2 ?is done1 ?r[ y\r ecc5tric *uck f\r times outw>ds1 ! screw ( ! slid+ re/ "o turn d[nw>ds1 & ! ecc5tric *uck :eel f\r numb]s = ea* plate4 ,! o!r twi/s are ea* work$ exactly ! same1 & !y mu/ h a small p9 left at ei!r end1 :i* is glu$ into ! m\ld+4 ,:5 y\r c5tre pill> is holl[$1 fit ! twi/s to x4 ,ano!r me?od = work+ ?is patt]n is ) ! aid ( ! drill1 & by ?is means ! twi/s are 9 ! same piece ( ivory z ! pill>4 ,hav+ =m$ a smoo? cyl9d]1 holl[$ x out1 & made ! screws1 take y\r l>ge/ flat-end$ drill1 & drill fifte5 holes r\nd ! pill>1 or "o at e eigh? numb] ( ! ecc5tric *uck :eel4 ,y\r ivory mu/ be v ?ick1 to enable ! tool to cut v deep4 ,hav+ cut "o r[ ( holes1 sl[ly & c>efully1 y mu/ move ! slid+ re/ =w>d two turns1 !n cut ano!r hole e eigh? numb] aga92 d a ?ird circle ! same1 mov+ ! *uck & slide ! same e "t4 ,n[ exam9e y\r "w1 & see :e!r ! twi/s beg9 to appe>4 ,!y %\ld1 z 9 ! plate1 be q sep>ate f ! ivory tube 9 ! middle1 be+ only jo9$ at ! top & bottom4 ,= ?is no exact rule c be giv51 z x dep5ds on ! circumf]5ce ( ! "w3 if v l>ge1 ! tool mu/ cut v deep to deta* x3 b1 aft] try+ two or ?ree times by ^! directions1 x w be f\nd q easy4 ,z ! ivory twi/s are1 ( c\rse1 v delicate1 & ! lea/ j> 9 work+ is apt to break1 d n use ! lev]1 b employ ! screw guides1 z direct$ = ! spiral turn+4 ,l9e ! ivory be=e beg9n+ ! twi/s1 & leave ab\t half an in* at ea* end1 :i* y c ornam5t ) ! cutt]3 ?is gives /r5g? to ! "w4 ,= ! same reason1 x is advisable to cut "o piece ( y\r ivory long] ?an ! o!r3 on ! %ort] "o make ! outside screw1 & bel[ x ab\t half an in* ( ornam5t2 on ! o!r1 make ! inside screw1 & "w x ) ! cutt] to correspond ) ! o!r "p1 q beyond :]e ! screw ext5ds4 ,:5 screw$ toge!r1 x w n be p]ceiv$ t ! two pieces are n ev52 & z ! "p :]e ! inn] screw is work$ is1 ( c\rse1 ?91 y w\ld h no ?ickness = ! spiral patt]n4 ,:5 "o end is f9i%$1 put a f9e d\ble angul> tool into y\r cutt]1 & v c>efully cut "s circles at regul> di/ances betwe5 ! twi/s3 ?is adds mu* to ! curi\s effect ( ! patt]ns3 to d x1 "w backw>ds1 c\nt+ ! same numb]s on ! *uck :eel & on ! slid+ re/ z = ! twi/s4 ,patt]ns t are n cut deep c h ! impression tak5 (f on pap]1 ei!r by slightly rubb+ ! wood ov] ) pr9t]s' ink1 & lay+ ^u x silv] pap]1 :i* mu/ be press$ d[n ^u x2 or by lay+ ! pap] on ! wood1 & rubb+ x well ) a piece ( lead melt$ into ! %ape ( a p5cil4 ,patt]ns on ivory also look v well by rubb+ a little pr9t]s' ink well ov] !m till ! l9es are full ( x1 !n wipe (f ! sup]flu\s ink f ! surface1 & ! design w be black on a :ite gr\nd4 ,an imm5se v>iety ( mo/ beautiful & intricate patt]ns are work$ ) ! ecc5tric cutt]1 9 conjunction ) ! ecc5tric *uck2 inde$1 _m ( ^? =m]ly suppos$ to be only done ) ! d\ble ecc5tric *uck1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,ibbetson1 c be work$ by ^! two :5 us$ toge!r1 b !y require mu* pati5ce1 & k ( ! p[]s ( ! ecc5tric *uck1 to enable ! le>n] to use !m prop]ly4 ,:5 ! ecc5tric cutt] is us$1 always set ! tool exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ! "w1 at its l[e/ degree1 be=e y beg9 any patt]n1 or y w nev] be q sure t y\r "w is done /raight2 :5 once y h settl$ ! c5tre1 ! patt]ns w div]ge regul>ly & ev5ly f x4 ,9 ! patt]ns we are go+ to describe1 ! slide re/ fixes ! position ( ! tool2 ! *uck mu/ be screw$ d[n to ! prop] situation to meet x1 & ! cutt] tool mu/ !n be screw$ out to cut ! circle requir$4 ,,patt]n #a1 ,,plate #ad4 ,?is patt]n is =m$ ( f\r gr\ps ( circles1 conta9+ sev5 9 ea*4 ,y\r wood be+ p]fectly smoo!d & l9$1 set ! cutt] tool 7a d\ble angul> "o7 at its l[e/ degree1 exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ! "w1 s t if mov$ x w\ld only cut a dot4 ,unscrew x eight or t5 turns to make a l>ge circle1 !n by impell+ ! cutt] box =w>ds ) ! slide-re/ screw1 fix x s t ! tool cuts ! circle a little ov] ! c5tre3 arrange y\r screw guides3 hav+ cut "o circle1 c\nt #cj on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 & ! same = ! o!r two4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ^! f\r gr\ps g 9 /raight l9es1 ea* t[>ds ! edge ( ! "w2 to p]=m ?is1 9 ! six foll[+ r[s ( circles1 move ! slide re/ =w>ds half a turn1 & ! small :eel ( ! ecc5tric *uck half a turn upw>ds = ea* r[ ( f\r circles1 c\nt+ #cj1 z be=e1 till ! tw5ty-eight are all done4 ,,patt]n #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad4 ,arrange ! circle a little small] ?an = patt]n #a1 & on a level ) ! c5tre po9t ( ! "w4 ,set ! *uck :eel at #abj1 cut a circle2 !n "o at #ae1 #cj1 #de1 #fj1 #ge1 #ij1 #aje1 :5 y w f9d ! eight out] circles ( ! patt]n are =m$4 ,!n move ! slide-re/ screw =w>ds f\r numb]s1 & to ,no4 #a on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel2 !n to ,nos4 #ad-ca1 #dd-fa1 #gd-ia1 #ajd4 ,by foll[+ ! same rule 9 ! o!r circles y w f9d ! patt]n is n difficult1 ?\gh at fir/ x may appe> v intricate4 ,z all dep5ds ^u prop]ly c\nt+ ! numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 to make ! calculation m easy1 ,i give ! prop] numb]s = ! sixte5 circles compos+ "o clu/]1 & y w !n see t ! o!rs c readily-be done ! same1 always rememb]+ to move ! slide-re/ screw =w>ds f\r numb]s = e r[2 #a1 #ae-b1 #ad-c1 #ac-d1 #ab-e1 #aa-f1 #aj-g1 #i-h2 ! latt] s+le numb] =ms ! c5tre or out] circle ne> ! edge4 ,,patt]n #c4 ,?is patt]n requires great att5tion & c>e to "w x prop]ly4 ,hav+ arrang$ ! cutt] tool1 screw x out f\r turns to make ! circle ! prop] size1 !n move ! cutt] to ! edge ( ! "w1 cut a circle at ,nos4 #abj1 #dj1 & #hj1 on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 !n set ! :eel at #bj1 & leave x fix$4 ,y\r next op]ation mu/ be to screw d[n ! ecc5tric *uck1 & alt] ! position ( ! tool on ! slide-re/1 till1 by lay+ y\r h& on ! fly-:eel & mov+ x g5tly1 ! tool ( ! cutt] appe>s to describe a half circle across ! wood1 9 ! same way z = ! arc patt]ns4 ,hav+ arrang$ ! fir/ arc1 move #dj1 z be=e1 & see :e!r ! second w exactly meet x1 !n ! ?ird2 !y %\ld ea* div]ge f ! c5tre ( ! fir/ circles :i* 7 cut r\nd ! edge2 if !y d n exactly fit1 move ! *uck up & d[n1 & ! slide-re/ screw backw>ds or =w>ds1 till y f9d ! exact position2 z1 h[ev]1 ! arc is difficult to settle1 ! l9e be+ ( c\rse an imag9>y "o1 z ! tool mu/ n t\* ! wood1 x is a good way to cut a piece ( p5cil to fit l ! tool into a box1 & ) x m>k ! arcs2 !y w easily rub out1 & ?us y w be able to be m c]ta9 ( y\r prop] di/ance & position4 ,! next ?+ is1 to see on ! fly-:eel ( ! la! h[ _m numb]s are requir$ to =m ! arc2 ?us1 if x beg9s1 z ! "o ,i h work$ did1 at #cfj ( ! brass :eel1 & end$ at #he1 /op ! :eel at ! =m] numb]1 cut a circle1 !n "o at e fif? numb] on ! same :eel1 till y arrive at #he2 !n move =ty numb]s on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 & d ! o!r arc ! same2 !n ! ?ird "o4 ,,patt]n #d4 ,! arc patt]n is fir/ work$3 arrange x z direct$ = patt]n #c1 & m>k ! outl9e ) a p5cil3 9 ?is1 ! arc began at #bhj ( ! fly-:eel1 & end$ at #afh1 mak+ 9 all #aaf numb]s2 to divide #eh = ea* half ( ! arc1 divide !m ?us--#d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #c1 #d2 !n c\nt back #d1 #c1 #aj1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d4 ,y w see t ! numb]s increase "o e "t or = e circle1 :i* also is enl>g$ "o not* = ea*4 ,hav+ made ! ?ree arcs fit by m>k+ _! position ) ! p5cil 9 ! cutt] box1 cut a v small circle at #bhj1 enl>ge "o not*1 c\nt #e1 cut ano!r1 enl>ge a not*1 c\nt #f1 & s on till y h c\nt$1 9 all1 #di numb]s2 d n enl>ge ! circle1 b cut "o1 c\nt+ ?ree numb]s1 !n #d1 :i* w be ! middle1 !n #d aga91 !n #c1 !n #aj2 aft] #aj1 decrease ! circle "o not* = e cut1 & c\nt backw>ds1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d4 ,! o!r ?ree arcs are done ! same1 by c\nt+ #dj = ea* on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel2 = ea* ( ! cr[ns cut five circles j above ! arc1 by c\nt+ "o numb] = ea* circle on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 !n l[] ! *uck "o numb]1 & cut ! same circles aga9 ?r\gh ! o!rs2 l[] x half a turn m1 & cut two circles2 !n half a turn aga91 & cut "o circle above & betwe5 ! la/ two4 ,,patt]n #e4 ,set ! cutt] to ! middle1 enl>ge ! circle f\r turns2 !n turn ! slide-re/ screw two numb]s to ! "r1 cut "o circle1 & = ea* ( ! o!r elev51 screw ! *uck d[n "o turn1 !n return to ! middle & cut elev5 ! o!r way4 ,:5 #bc are f9i%$1 screw ! slide re/ to ! left f\r numb]s1 & cut #bc m exactly 9 ! same mann]4 ,to "w ! side patt]ns beg9 by t on ! "r1 set ! cutt] to ! middle ( ! "w1 unscrew x two turns1 move ! cutt] slide twelve turns to ! "r on ! slide-re/1 cut ! middle circle1 enl>ge "o numb] ( ! cutt]1 l[] ! ecc5tric *uck "o turn1 &1 to keep ! outside ( ! circles 9 a /raight l9e1 move ! screw ( ! slide-re/ inw>ds half a numb]3 proce$ ! same till ! n9e circles are cut1 !n return to ! middle circle by c\nt+ back n9e turns ( ! ecc5tric *uck1 n9e numb]s ( ! cutt]1 & f\r & a half numb]s on ! slide-re/2 proce$ exactly 9 ! same way to cut ! o!r eight circles1 only rais+ in/ead ( l[]+ ! ecc5tric *uck "o turn = ea* circle4 ,! opposite patt]n is work$ ! same1 only tak+ c>e to turn ! slide-re/ screw outw>ds ! half turn = e circle1 or ! /raight patt]n w come contr>y4 ,9 all ^! /raight patt]ns take great c>e t ! fly-:eel is /opp$ 9 su* a mann] t ! ecc5tric *uck /&s p]fectly upright3 to d ?is1 hold ! ,t squ>e aga9/ "o side1 & make a m>k on ! brass :eel = ! /op to ent]4 ,:5 y are q sure t ! *uck incl9es nei!r to ! "r nor ! left1 drill a small hole 9 ! :eel suffici5tly deep = ! /op to hold x q firm4 ,y w !n f9d y\r patt]ns w always come /raight4 ,,patt]n #f4 ,set ! cutt] to ! c5tre1 enl>ge ! circle six turns1 cut "o1 dim9i% "o numb] on ! cutt] = ea* ( ! o!r eight circles1 & move ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds "o turn = ea*4 ,c\nt back to ! middle circle1 & "w ! o!r eight ! same4 ,! side patt]ns are done mu* l ^? 9 patt]n #e1 only ! l>ge circle is 9 ! middle1 & ! /raight l9es incl9e inw>ds4 ,,patt]n #g4 ,set ! cutt] to ! middle ( ! circle1 enl>ge x two turns & a half1 cut a circle 9 ! middle1 turn ! *uck d[n two turns1 s z to cut ano!r a little into ! =m] ones2 cont9ue ! same till ! sev5 are done2 return to ! middle circle1 & cut ! o!r six 9 ! same l9e1 by screw+ ! ecc5tric *uck upw>ds in/ead ( d[nw>ds4 ,:5 ! ?irte5 are complet$1 l[] ! *uck "o turn1 & screw ! slide re/ outw>ds 7if do+ ! l9es to ! "r7 two turns1 cut a circle1 !n move ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds z be=e1 till ! second l9e ( circles is cut1 ea* l9e dim9i%+ "o turn ( ! ecc5tric *uck at ! top & bottom4 ,,patt]n #h4 ,set ! cutt] to ! middle1 enl>ge x two turns1 turn ! slide re/ outw>ds twelve turns1 cut a circle ne> ! edge2 c\nt #bj on ! ecc5tric *uck :eel1 cut ano!r1 !n #e m1 ea* di/ant tw5ty numb]s f ea* o!r4 ,to make ! circles jo9 9 /raight l9es1 screw ! ecc5tric *uck d[nw>ds two turns = e "o2 :5 ! outside patt]n is done1 return to ! middle circle1 & cut ! o!r l9es ! same4 ,,patt]n #i4 ,squ>e patt]ns require great c>e 9 work+ !m4 ,fir/ saw ! wood p]fectly squ>e2 !n1 :5 on ! la!1 take ! ,t squ>e2 hold ! flat edge firm on ! b$ ( ! la!1 & ! h&le aga9/ "o side ( ! wood1 till bo? are ev51 !n fix ! :eel ( ! ecc5tric *uck to t numb]4 ,hav+ ) ! cutt] work$ "o r[ ( patt]ns1 move ! *uck #cj numb]s1 :i*1 if ! wood is q squ>e1 w enable y to d ! second r[2 !n #cj m = ! ?ird side1 & #cj = ! la/4 ,we are told1 t ,fr5* & ,italian turn]s (t5 l9e boxes ) ! peel ( ! ,b]gamot orange2 !y cut a circle ?r\gh ! peel1 & c>efully /rip x (f 9 two qu>t]s1 turn+ ! inside out1 & dry+ !m2 ! sc5t is v p[]ful2 ( c\rse !y c only l9e globul> boxes ! size ( !mselves4 ,,to ,,l9e ,,wood5 ,,boxes ,,) ,,tortoise-,,%ell4 ,z _m ( my read]s may wi% to l9e _! snuff-boxes ) tortoise-%ell1 ,i ?9k x ne$ful to give "s in/ructions 9 ! be/ me?od ( do+ x4 ,cut ! %ell into v ?9 leaves ) a %>p f9e saw1 !n divide ^! into ! size y wi% = ! inside ( ! snuff-box1 leav+ a v little extra = ! jo9t4 ,take a new r\gh file1 & scrape away a little ( ! two ends ( ! n>r[ /rip ( %ell1 s t !y c lie "o ^u ano!r1 & fit s closely t ! ap]ture is h>dly p]ceptible4 ,plunge ! tortoise-%ell into w>m wat] = a few m9utes1 & x w become q s(t4 ,h ready on ! la! a piece ( wood a little less 9 circumf]5ce ?an ! inside ( ! box1 & p]fectly r\nd & smoo?4 ,:ile ! %ell is s(t1 place ! jo9ts toge!r1 wrap a wet piece ( l95 tightly ov] !m to hold !m fa/1 & press !m firmly toge!r ) ! f+] & ?umb4 ,!n heat a pair ( tongs to a prop] heat1 7:i* is kn[n by try+ !m on writ+ pap]2 if !y br[n x1 !y are too hot2 if !y only turn x yell[1 !y are "r17 & ) !m compress ! jo9t ( ! tortoise-%ell4 ,! wat]1 ! heat1 & ! pressure unit$1 w make ! two p>ts jo9 firmly4 ,:5 f9i%$ ?us f>1 file away any r\ghness t may rema91 & /eep ! %ell into hot wat] till q s(t1 !n slip x ^u ! piece ( wood be=e m5tion$1 & see if x fits x p]fectly2 if n1 try ) pressure to give x ! requisite %ape2 & if ?is does n succe$1 take ! wood out ( ! la!1 leav+ ! tortoise-%ell ^u x1 & hold !m ov] a brazi]1 turn+ !m frequ5tly & quickly betwe5 ! h&s1 t ! heat may equally p5etrate all ! p>ts2 !n /rike ! side t bulg$ out ) a mallet1 & ) a little c>e x w soon assume ! requir$ =m4 ,y may f9i% x on ! la!1 obs]v+ only to place x s t ! tool does n cat* ! lap ( ! jo9t1 :i* might cause x to op52 & :5 y take x (f1 plunge x 9 cold wat] to make x reta9 its =m4 ,,to ,,f9i% ,,! ,,snuff-,,box4 ,make y\r box & lid ( h>d1 well-season$ wood2 holl[ !m out1 & poli% ! insides1 only omitt+ to cut ! lip ^u :i* ! lid fits1 & :i* w be =m$ by ! tortoise-%ell4 ,z y holl[ out ! box & lid1 keep fitt+ 9 ! %ell1 t y may n make !m too l>ge2 :5 x slips 9 r tight1 take a po9t tool & cut "s circles on ! inside ( ea*2 7?is is done to enable ! glue to hold firmly47 ,n[1 take ! tortoise-%ell & file t "p t is to be cem5t$ to ! box1 s z to make x r\gh4 ,take a pair ( compasses1 9 "o end ( :i* is a %>p knife1 set !m to ! exact size ( ! inside ( ! bottom & lid1 !n place !m on a piece ( tortoise-%ell1 & cut out ! two r\nd pieces4 ,melt "s glue till r liquid1 ?ick5 x ) v]milion1 lay a coat on ! inside ( ! top & bottom ( ! box1 & press 9 ! two circles ( tortoise-%ell2 9 ! same mann] glue 9 ! sides1 leav+ ! lip 7^u :i* ! lid is to fit7 /&+ up above ! bottom "p ( ! box4 ,leav+ ! glue to h>d5 = a day1 !n replace ! "w on ! la!1 turn ! inside q ev51 & poli% x ) p\nce p[d] & oil1 !n ) tripoli p[d] & wat]4 ,%\ld ! lid1 :5 f9i%$1 become too small = ! box1 dip x = a m9ute 9 boil+ wat]1 fit x on to a piece ( wood ! exact size1 & leave x !re to h>d54 ,,horn ,,to ,,imitate ,,tortoise-,,%ell4 ,dissolve ?ree ounces ( pota% 9 a p9t ( boil+ wat]4 ,let x boil = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 !n p\r x into a bas9 capable ( hold+ ab\t z mu* aga91 & 9 :i* y h put half a p\nd ( quick lime1 /ir x well1 & :5 ! latt] is slack$1 add ?ree ounces ( r$ lead & "o ounce ( v]milion4 ,:5 ! :ole is ( ! consi/5cy ( ?ick s\p1 dip a ?9 po9t$ /ick into x1 & lay ! drops x w take up ^u a piece ( horn 9 ^? p>ts requir$ to be col\r$1 leav+ ^? t are to be transp>5t4 ,:5 q dry1 clean ! :ole ) a wet sponge1 & y w f9d x w greatly resemble tortoise-%ell4 ,,ma/ic ,,us$ ,,9 ,,turn+ ,,ivory ,,v ,,?94 ,to turn ivory z ?9 z writ+ pap]1 s z to r5d] x q transp>5t1 is v difficult to accompli%1 b is mu* admir$ :5 done1 & %[s ! skill ( ! arti/4 ,to enable ! ivory to be> ! action ( ! tool )\t splitt+1 ! foll[+ ma/ic has be5 f\nd v useful1 bo? = /r5g!n+ x & = giv+ a deep col\r+1 by :i* means ! ?9ness is m p]ceptible4 ,"s turn]s wet ! ivory = ! latt] purpose1 b z :5 wet x is q transp>5t1 & ?ick5s aga9 :5 dry1 ! ma/ic w be f\nd mu* pref]able4 ,take "s lamp or ivory black 9 p[d]1 & /ra9 x ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 s z only to reta9 ! f9e/ p>ts4 ,/eep ^! 9 wat] to free !m f any impurities4 ,aft] ly+ 9 x a few m9utes1 p\r (f ! wat]1 & make "s glue v hot1 mix x ) ! lamp black till ( ! consi/5cy ( oil pa9t4 ,?is ma/ic mu/ be kept w>m ne> ! fire1 & :5 y h suffici5tly holl[$ out ! vase1 or :atev] y wi% to turn1 v ?91 %ape ! outside a little3 !n dip a l>ge camel's-hair bru% 9 ! w>m v>ni% & lay a ?ick coat all ov] ! inside2 let ?is dry1 put on ano!r1 & repeat ! process till suffici5t /r5g? is obta9$4 ,y may n[1 )\t fe> or dang]1 "w y\r ivory z ?9 z possible1 & ornam5t x ) ! cutt]s & drill4 ,)\t ?is ma/ic x w\ld n1 :5 transp>5t1 be> ! =ce ( ^! tools4 ,:5 ! "w is all f9i%$ & c>efully poli%$1 take x (f ! la!1 & put x 9 a bas9 fill$ ) w>m wat]4 ,aft] a few m9utes' imm]sion1 take x out1 & plunge x 9 clean wat]1 %ak+ x g5tly4 ,?is w make ! ma/ic dissolve & leave ! ivory4 ,r5ew ! w>m wat] frequ5tly1 z leav+ x 9 ! black5$ liquid might injure ! col\r ( ! "w4 ,,beautiful ,,v>ni% ,,= ,,wood1 ,,to ,,be ,,us$ ,,:ile ,,! ,,"w ,,is ,,on ,,! ,,la!4 ,to "o qu>t ( spirits ( w9e add f\r ounces ( lack]1 ?ree ounces ( gum b5zo91 "o dra*m ( camphor1 half a dra*m ( s&>ac1 half a dra*m ( dragon's blood1 "o dra*m ( turp5t9e4 ,put ^! +r$i5ts 9 a long-neck$ bottle capable ( hold+ two qu>ts1 & tie a piece ( wet p>*m5t ov] ! neck2 :5 dry1 pi]ce x ) holes ) a l>ge p94 ,place ! bottle 9 ! ba9 m>e till ! cont5ts are p]fectly dissolv$1 %ak+ x frequ5tly4 ,:5 cold1 /ra9 ! liquid ?r\gh a piece ( co>se musl91 & keep x well cork$ = future use4 ,hav+ f9i%$ & poli%$ y\r "w ) tripoli p[d] & s&-pap]1 wipe ! wood q clean ) a piece ( f9e l954 ,?is done1 put a few drops ( ! v>ni% on a bit ( cotton wool1 & "o drop ( olive oil1 to prev5t its dry+ too quickly2 :ile apply+ ?is v>ni%1 make ! la! :eel g v quick1 & hold ! cotton close to ! "w4 ,to poli% ! above1 :5 ! v>ni% is p]fectly dry1 take "s f9ely-p[d]$ :it+ or *alk1 & ) x poli% ! "w 9 e direction1 b be c>eful n to press too /rongly on ! v>ni%1 or x w be m>k$2 & d n rub x = m ?an a few m9utes at a "t1 z ! friction & excessive spe$ & heat w spoil ! poli%4 ,:5 done1 take a sponge dipp$ 9 wat]1 wa% ! "w well1 & !n rub x ) a piece ( f9e l951 & a drop or two ( olive oil2 la/ly1 clean x ) a bit ( s(t old rag or lea!r4 ,,turn]',s ,,cem5t4 ,sometimes ! workman is too mu* hurri$ to wait till ! "w c be glu$ ^u ! *uck2 ! foll[+ cem5t w be f\nd useful4 ,take two p\nds ( ,burgundy pit*1 "o p\nd ( ros91 "o p\nd ( colophonium1 two ounces ( yell[ wax1 & "o ball ( :it+4 ,melt all1 except ! latt]1 9 an e>!n pot1 ov] a sl[ fire4 ,:5 x beg9s to bubble1 /ir x well ) a /ick to prev5t its pass+ ! edge ( ! pot1 & :5 all is q melt$ take x (f ! fire4 ,add ! :it+1 f9ely p[d]$1 little by little1 /irr+ 9 well till ! cont5ts are p]fectly mix$4 ,replace ! pot on ! fire1 /ill /irr+ x2 & aft] a few m9utes1 p\r all ! cem5t quickly into a tub or bas9 ( cold wat] = ab\t a m9ute4 ,!n take x out1 & knead x well ) ! h&s4 ,roll x into /icks ^u a smoo? /one1 & plunge !m into cold wat] to h>d54 ,! /r5g? & goodness ( ?is cem5t dep5ds greatly ^u its be+ made z rapidly z possible4 ,to use x1 melt ! end ( "o ( ! /icks by putt+ x ne> ! fire2 rub x on ! *uck2 :5 y ?9k !re is suffici5t cem5t laid ^u x1 heat ! bit ( wood or ivory y wi% to unite to x1 & ! w>m? w make x adh]e firmly4 ,ano!r cem5t1 t is pref]able = us+ 9 cold wea!r1 is made by add+ two p\nds ( ,burgundy pit*1 two ounces ( yell[ wax1 & two p\nds ( ,spani% :ite4 ,^! are melt$ toge!r1 roll$ into /icks1 & us$ z above2 "o /roke ( ! mallet w deta* ! "w f ! *uck :5 jo9$ ) ?is cem5t4 ,,new ,,& ,,valuable ,,recipe ,,= ,,tak+ ,,beautiful ,,impressions ,,f ,,turn+ ,,patt]ns4 ,take a %eet ( rice-pap]1 pa/e x ^u lett]-pap] ) fl\r pa/e1 :i* mu/ be mix$ z smoo? z possible1 & laid on v ?94 ,leave x till q dry1 !n lay ! rice-pap] ?us back$ ^u ! piece ( ,turn+1 & ) ! ?umb nail or a piece ( clo? rub ! back ( ! pap]1 press+ x g5tly s z to make x ent] into all ! deep1 f9e cuts ( ! ,turn+4 ,! impression w be beautiful1 & h ! appe>ance ( a rais$ m$allion4 ,x is invaluable = tak+ (f patt]ns f ivory1 z x c 9 no way injure ! col\r or delicacy ( ! "w2 & f ! facility ( b5d+ ! pap]1 impressions c z easily be tak5 f r\nd articles 7z ! sides ( a box or pill>7 z f flat ones4 ,! m$allions may be left :ite1 or ! patt]n col\r$ ) wat] col\rs1 leav+ ! gr\nd :ite2 & !y c1 besides _! utility z patt]ns to :i* to ref]1 be employ$ 9 ornam5t+ v>i\s useful articles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 turn+ ! pill>s 9 ! temple1 pl4 #ac1 great inconv5i5ce & tr\ble h be5 f\nd 9 work+ !m1 = want ( ! support ( ! puppet ,g1 plate ,i2 = z 9 ea* /ep ! ecc5tric *uck has to be slightly alt]$1 ! po9t1 ,j1 ( ! puppet1 :5 ! "w is mov$1 is apt to slide back into ! hole x fir/ =m$1 ?us mak+ ! /eps q crook$4 ,to obviate ?is difficulty1 ,i %\ld advise my read]s to use ! foll[+ simple contrivance4 ,take out ! po9t1 ,j1 & replace x by a piece ( wood turn$ to fit exactly into ! tube1 & on ! end ( :i* is left a circul> piece ! size ( a half-cr[n4 ,take ano!r bit ( wood1 ( ! diamet] ( y\r pill>2 fix a %ort nail into ! middle ( x2 glue ! o!r side to ! pill>1 put x on ! la!1 screw up ! puppet1 ,g1 & y w f9d ! nail w always1 :5ev] y move ! *uck1 firmly fix itself into ! wood5 end :i* replaces ! po9t ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[1 hav+1 ,i tru/ ) suffici5t cle>ness1 expla9$ ! practical & ornam5tal p>ts ( conc5tric & ecc5tric ,turn+1 ,i w take leave ( my read]s1 only add+ t1 if !y wi% to atta9 p]fection 9 ?is int]e/+ art1 !y mu/ pati5tly cont9ue _! ex]tions1 = exp]i5ce & indu/ry w alone enable !m to avoid _m faults1 & discov] ! real cause ( _m failures2 & to ^? :o may feel di%e>t5$ ) repeat$ disappo9tm5ts1 ,i w say-- 8,c\rage6 try ?y *ance once m40 ,let me also obs]ve to ^? :o _c af=d to pur*ase mu* exp5sive ma*9]y1 t ) c>e1 pati5ce1 & p]sev]ance1 ! common tools may be made to "w a great v>iety ( v beautiful articles3 & if !y w also keep 9 m9d ! old-fa%ion$ b true say+1 8t :atev] is wor? le>n+ at all1 is wor? le>n+ well20 !y w1 ,i h no d\bt1 soon become pr(ici5ts 9 an art t has be5 admir$ & practis$ = c5turies4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,/]eotyp$ ,,by ,l4 ,,johnson ,,& ,,co4 ,,philadelphia4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes pg #bj ,*ang$ are great au?ority17 to3 au?ority71 pg #bh ,add$ p]iod aft] ,gimlets pg #dj ,*ang$ make !m = himself17 to himself71 pg #dg ,*ang$ #a1 #b1 #c17 to3 #c71 pg #fc ,*ang$ p$e/als ( vases4 to3 vases1 pg #gj ,add$ colon aft]3 ,b>d ( ,avon expresses x pg #ge ,*ang$ :eel on ! ov]head to3 ov]-head pg #ha ,*ang$ resemble a honey-comb to3 honeycomb pg #ib ,*ang$ 7( ! cutt] tools17 to3 tools71 pg #ib ,*ang$ glu$ 9 aft]w>ds47 to3 aft]w>ds74 ,o!r hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ words left z writt54