,,h[ ,,to ,,pa9t ,,p]man5t ,,pictures ,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,& ,,te*nology ,,( ,,pa9ts ,second ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ #f x #i4 #cff pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #d4ej ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,p]man5t ,,pa9t+ ,a manual = manufactur]s1 art deal]s1 arti/s & collectors4 #e x #g4 #bjh pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #b4ej ,d4 ,,van ,,no/r& ,,company ,,h[ ,,to ,,pa9t ,,p]man5t ,,pictures ,,by ,,maximilian ,,to* ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,*emi/ry1 ,,coop] ,,union2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,firm ,,( ,,to* ,,bro!rs2 ,,au?or ,,( ,,*emi/ry ,,& ,,te*nology ,,( ,,pa9ts2 ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,p]man5t ,,pa9t+1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,van ,,no/r& ,,company ,,eight ,,w>r5 ,,/reet #aibb ,,copyright1 #aibb ,,by ,d4 ,,van ,,no/r& ,,company ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,preface ,! obs]vant visitor to ! great art gall]ies is a/oni%$ & pa9$ to see ! l>ge numb] ( pictures ( ! highe/ arti/ic excell5ce gradually be+ ru9$ on acc\nt ( decomposition z %[n by fad+1 d>k5+1 crack+ & peel+ ( ! pa9t films4 ,?is is all ! m deplorable because ! cause ( ! det]ioration is well kn[n & pigm5ts1 vehicles1 canvas1 9 fact all ! mat]ials ne$$ by ! pa9t] to make absolutely p]man5t pa9t+s are equally well kn[n & require only intellig5t *oice & use by ! arti/4 ,! au?or has attempt$ to give ?is in=mation 9 ?is volume :i* is int5d$ to be a popul> common s5se treatise = all arti/ic pa9t]s :o desire to produce p]man5t pictures :i* might o!rwise 9 a few %ort ye>s %[ mo/ gl>+ defects4 ,! au?or believes t manufactur]s ( arti/s' mat]ial %\ld be compell$ by law to label e tube ( pa9t z to its p]man5ce & *emical composition s t arti/s c\ld be assur$ t !y 7 gett+ :at ! label indicat$4 ,i ackn[l$ge ) great gratitude ! valuable assi/ance ( ,pr(4 ,c>el ,f4 ,l4 ,de,wild 9 review+ ?is manuscript1 & = ! excell5t sugge/ions he has giv5 me4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #e ,,introduction #i ,,! ,,simple ,,palette #ba ,,! ,,complex ,,palette #bc ,,comm]cial ,,pa9t+ #bf ,,palette ,,knives #bi ,,bitum5 #cj ,,temp]a ,,colors #cb ,,wat] ,,colors #dd ,,p]man5t ,,f\ndations ,,= ,,pa9t+ #ea ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,wood ,,z ,a ,,f\ndation ,,= ,,pa9t+s #eg ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,metal #fa ,,oils ,,& ,,m$iums #fc ,,v>ni%es #fg ,,beeswax ,,& ,,o!r ,,waxes #gd ,,summ>y #gf ,,madd] ,,lake ,,& ,,h>rison ,,r$ #ha ,,lakes ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ #hc ,,pa9t+ ,,! ,,next ,,day #hd ,,true ,,naples ,,yell[ #hf ,,new ,,:ites #hi ,,amb] ,,v>ni% #ia ,,bloom #ic ,,repa9t+ #if ,,re/oration ,,& ,,clean+ ,,( ,,pa9t+s #ih ,,fram+ #ajc ,h[ ,to ,pa9t ,p]man5t ,pictures ,,introduction ,x is a/oni%+ t1 9 ^! days ( progress1 no correspond+ advance has be5 made 9 practical in/ruction 9 ! composition ( pigm5ts1 m$iums & all mat]ial necess>y to ! production ( p]man5t works ( art1 :e!r !y are easel pa9t+s1 or wat] colors = ! adornm5t ( ! home or public places1 or 9 temp]a & fresco = decorations4 ,!re is n1 to my k1 a regul> c\rse ( lectures on ?is subject at any ( ! ,art ,s*ools 9 ,engl&1 ,italy1 ,france or ,am]ica1 9 :i* /ud5ts are taught :at mat]ials to use & :at to avoid4 ,dur+ an exp]i5ce ( m ?an ?irty ye>s 9 ! manufacture ( pigm5ts & m$iums = all types ( pa9t+1 ,i h inve/igat$ ! me?ods1 analyz$ ! mat]ial & demon/rat$ ! folly ( mo/ ( ! proc$ures 9 common use to-day1 & feel t !re is a dem& = a little book ( ?is k9d1 :i* pa9t]s c use1 & f :i* art /ud5ts c acquire a sane me?od ( produc+ p]man5t results4 ,if ! pa9t] once kn[s1 ei!r me*anically or unconsci\sly1 ! pigm5ts t are absolutely p]man5t1 & ! pr9ciple involv$ 9 produc+ pa9t+s :i* w n crack1 fade1 d>k51 peel1 bli/] or decompose1 8 or h] m9d c be tak5 up completely ) ! arti/ic effect to be produc$1 )\t ?9k+ = a mom5t ( ei!r ! me*anical or ! sci5tific side ( ! "q1 & )\t 8 or h] arti/ic feel+ be+ di/urb$ dur+ ! process ( pa9t+4 ,x is q natural t a man 9 my position1 :o has met _m pa9t]s & :o has disc\rs$ ) !m on ?is subject1 has _h _m ( !m confess "t & aga9 t ! practical & te*nical side ( pa9t+ has always di/urb$ _! peace ( m9d :5ev] !y h be5 9 ! mid/ ( s]i\s "w4 ,& s1 ! object ( ?is book is to convey to ! pa9t]1 9 simple language1 & )\t go+ into any ab/ruse sci5ce ( any k9d1 ! reasons :y c]ta9 mat]ials %\ld be us$ & c]ta9 mat]ials %\ld be avoid$4 ,i wrote a book :i* w5t into ! subject ( all ! pigm5ts & all ! m$iums 9 a m sci5tific mann]#a & 9 t book ,i gave :at is reg>d$ z ! simple p]man5t palette4 ,b x is obvi\sly ess5tial t a m complete & practical diss]tation on ?is subject w be ( b5efit to ^? :o h select$ arti/ic pa9t+ z _! life "w4 ,i h he>d1 "t & aga91 ! /atem5t t we d n "k 9 ?is age h[ to make ! mat]ials :i* ! old] & great ma/]s us$4 ,x has be5 d9n$ 9 my e>s frequ5tly t our mat]ials are s wor?less t uni=m & p]man5t results _c be obta9$4 ,no?+ is fur!r f ! tru?1 & all "o has to d is to see ! enorm\s am\nt ( p]man5t pa9t+ t exi/s outside ( ! arti/ic field to realize t ! sci5ce ( pa9t mak+ is m p]fect to-day ?an x ev] has be54 ,! manufactur]s ( ord9>y h\se pa9ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates all1 m or less1 gu>antee1 )9 reasonable limits1 t ! pa9ts :i* are appli$ to ! ext]ior ( build+s w la/ five ye>s4 ,i h a case 9 m9d :]e f\r huge smoke/acks 7 pa9t$1 ne> ! sea%ore1 & at ! end ( t5 ye>s ! pa9t 0 /ill 9 p]fectly good condition4 ,i ask anyone :o reads ?is1 & :o is an arti/ic pa9t]1 h[ long does he or %e ?9k an arti/ic pa9t+ w\ld /&1 expos$ to ! sea air1 to ! sun1 ra91 fro/ & w9ds8 ,! *ances are t no arti/ic pa9t+1 execut$ ) ! same ?ickness ( coat+ z /ructural pa9t1 w\ld la/ ?ree mon?s4 ,?is is fair evid5ce ( ! fact t /ructural pa9t1 :i* is really simple pa9t1 conta9s ! inh]5t quality ( p]man5ce1 = reasons :i* ,i w expla9 lat]4 ,take ! case ( entrance doors 9 ,france1 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* are pa9t$ & v>ni%$ & expos$ to ! elem5ts1 & see h[ p]fectly ^! /& = sev]al ye>s4 ,x is on ?is pr9ciple t arti/ic pa9t+ mu/ be bas$ = absolute p]man5ce1 = arti/ic pa9t+ is nev] subject$ to ! elem5ts & is nev] subject$ to ! extremes ( temp]ature :i* m5ace ! longevity ( h\se or automobile pa9t+4 ,9 fact1 !re is no reason :y a pa9t+ on ! int]ior ( any build+1 or suitably fram$ or cov]$ 9 any gall]y1 ) reasonable c>e %\ld n la/ = an unlimit$ "t4 ,i h se5 ! fresco decorations 9 ,italy1 :i* are z good to-day1 s f> z ,i "k1 z ! day !y 7 appli$4 ,_m ( ! primitive ,italian pa9t+s are simply rem>kable = _! p]man5ce1 ev5 ?\gh ! wood5 panels on :i* !y 7 pa9t$ are worm-eat5 & rott$2 & ,i h se5 any numb] ( pa9t+s execut$ )9 my "t by prom95t pa9t]s t h crack$1 fad$ & det]iorat$ because wrong mat]ials 7 appli$ & insuffici5t c>e 0 ex]cis$ 9 ! application & prop] sequ5ce ( ! pigm5ts & m$iums employ$4 ,!re are n m ?an fifte5 pigm5ts necess>y = ! pa9t+ ( a "w ( art2 &1 out ( ^! fifte51 n9e or t5 are suffici5t = e purpose4 ,to %[ ! folly ( s _m colors1 y c pick up any catalogue & f9d ! foll[+ ,gre5 ,pigm5ts3 ,*rome ,gre51 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c1 :i* means ,light1 ,m$ium & ,d>k4 ,c9nab> ,gre51 ,pale & ,light4 ,olive ,gre51 ,m$ium & ,deep4 ,em]ald ,gre54 ,prussian ,gre54 ,mala*ite ,gre54 ,oxide ( ,*romium4 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 ,transp>5t4 ,viridian ,gre54 ,cobalt ,gre54 ,em]aude ,gre54 ,em]ald ,oxide ( ,*romium4 ,ultram>9e ,gre54 ,fr5* ,v]onese ,gre54 ,gre5 ,lake4 ,p]man5t ,gre51 ,light1 ,m$ium & ,deep4 ,z9nob] ,gre51 ,light1 ,m$ium & ,deep4 ,aliz>9 ,gre54 ,p>is ,gre54 ,sap ,gre54 ,v5etian ,gre54 ,copp] ,gre54 ,"o ,g]man manufactur] ( consid]able reputation m5tions sev5ty-n9e v>ieties ( ,gre52 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree v>ieties ( ,yell[2 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e ( ,r$2 sev5ty-five ( ,br[n2 sev5ty-n9e ( ,blue2 ?irty-two ( ,black & twelve ( ,:ite4 ,!re is absolutely no lic5se = ! manufacture ( su* an enorm\s v>iety ( pigm5ts1 :51 at mo/ a doz5 w d4 ,all 9 all1 "o ,g]man catalogue conta9s five hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e v>ieties ( colors4 ,9 addition to ^!1 !re are probably a numb] ( o!rs t are sold "u propriet>y names1 & ,i ask any pa9t] :o has ! slighte/ skill1 :e!r x is necess>y to h m ?an "o or two ,gre5s to produce any & e %ade t he may desire4 ,if he is a pa9t] ( any skill1 !re is no ne$ = him to h all ( ^! ,gre5s1 "s ( :i* are good--mo/ ( :i* are fugitive4 ,9 addition to ! "o or two ,gre5s :i* he may h on 8 palette1 v>i\s mixtures ( ,yell[ & ,blue give v>i\s tones & %ades ( ,gre54 ,i h s+l$ out ,gre5 z an example ( ! multiplicity ( colors t exi/s4 ,! same repetition & duplication ( pigm5ts w be f\nd "u ! ,yell[s1 ,r$s1 ,blues & ,blacks4 ,z f> z ,:ites are conc]n$1 !re are a l>ge numb] ( propriet>y ,:ites2 &1 9 addition1 !re are ,silv] ,:ite1 ,z9c ,:ite1 ,flake ,:ite1 ,:ite ,lead1 ,p]man5t ,:ite1 c42 :]eas1 ! only two necess>y on ! pa9t]'s palette are ,z9c ,:ite & ,flake ,:ite 7,:ite ,lead71 & p]haps1 occasionally1 ,p]man5t ,:ite 7,blanc ,fixe74 ,! m colors t are pres5t$ to ! pa9t]1 ! m emb>rass$ he w become z to :i* he really ought to use4 ,pa9t]s make ! "o s]i\s mi/ake ( attempt+ to get imm$iate results4 ,x 0 told ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds t he w\ld n use p]man5t ,v]milion 9 ord] to obta9 fle% t9ts2 =1 he said he want$ c]ta9 w>m tones produc$ by mixtures ( ,lakes & o!r pigm5ts1 s t :5 8 pictures 7 f9i%$ !y w\ld be pleas+ to him4 ,! results %[$ t ev5 dur+ 8 lifetime !y 7 displeas+ to 8 patrons1 & p>ticul>ly to him1 b yet he w\ld n le>n ! lesson t ! multiplicity ( ! application ( pigm5ts involv$4 ,x is v un=tunate t ! artificial coal t> dyes are s beautifully brilliant & give su* imm$iately entic+ results4 ,x is equally un=tunate t :5 ^! artificial colors are expos$ to our civiliz$ atmosph]e1 :i* conta9s *emical sub/ance due to ! gases ( cook+ & ( manufacture1 _m ( ^! pigm5ts are attack$4 ,!y tone d[n1 & n only d !y (times lose _! brilliancy1 b frequ5tly !y lose ! *>act]i/ic %ades = :i* !y 7 employ$4 ,!n1 aga91 sunlight1 z we all "k1 has a delet]i\s effect on all ( ! organic pigm5ts1 & d>kness has an equally delet]i\s effect on _m ( ! v>ni%es & all ! dry+ oils4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds mu/ h glaz$ 8 portraits ) a great v>iety ( ,lakes1 includ+ ,madd]2 &1 :]e he us$ vegetable ,lakes & ,c>m9e z a glaze1 ! faces h assum$1 9 "t1 a gho/-l appe>ance4 ,,! ,,simple ,,palette ,! av]age pa9t] c get along p]fectly ) t5 colors4 ,9 fact1 ! skilful arti/ c pa9t practically any picture he wants ) ,r$1 ,yell[1 ,blue1 ,black & ,:ite4 ,! ,r$1 9 ?is in/ance1 w\ld be a bright iron oxide1 sold "u ! "n ( ,v5etian ,r$ or ,light ,indian ,r$4 ,! ,yell[ w\ld be ,m$ium ,cadmium4 ,! ,blue w\ld be ,ultram>9e ,blue4 ,! ,black w\ld be ,lamp ,black4 ,! ,:ite w\ld be ,z9c ,:ite4 ,b1 9 ord] to "w no h>d%ip on ! pa9t]1 t5 colors are all t are ne$$ = ! av]age "w4 ,^! t5 c be int]mix$1 ) ! exception ( ,madd] ,lake1 w n fade1 w n react ^u ea* o!r1 nor w !y int]f]e ) ! dry+ ( ea* o!r4 ,foll[+ is ! ,palette ) :i* an av]age pa9t] c get along p]fectly & f :i* no bad results are ev] obta9$3 ,lamp ,black4 ,z9c ,:ite4 ,bright ,r$ ,iron ,oxide4 ,raw ,si5na or ,yell[ ,o*re4 ,burnt ,umb]4 ,*romium ,oxide1 ,opaque4 ,*romium ,oxide1 ,transp>5t4 ,ultram>9e ,blue1 or ,cobalt ,blue4 ,cadmium ,yell[4 ,madd] ,lake4 ,madd] ,lake mu/ n be mix$ ) any pigm5t conta9+ ! ,yell[ ,oxide ( ,iron1 l ,o*re or ,raw ,si5na4 ,x is wise1 if x c be help$1 n to mix x ) any o!r pigm5t1 b to use x z a glaz+ color4 ,yet1 !re is no h>m 9 mix+ ,madd] ,lake ) ,lamp ,black or bright ,r$ ,oxide ( ,iron1 or ,cadmium ,yell[4 ,,! ,,complex ,,palette ,! foll[+ are colors :i* may be mix$ ) ea* o!r )\t produc+ any delet]i\s effect or )\t und]go+ any *ange2 except+ ,madd] ,lake1 z m5tion$ on ! previ\s page4 ,lamp ,black4 ,ivory ,black4 ,bone ,black4 ,graphite4 ,z9c ,:ite4 ,p]man5t ,:ite4 ,bright ,r$ ,oxide4 ,v5etian ,r$4 ,indian ,r$4 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,raw ,si5na4 ,yell[ ,o*re4 ,burnt ,umb]4 ,roman ,o*re4 ,fr5* ,o*re4 ,ox=d ,o*re4 ,*romium ,oxide1 ,opaque4 ,*romium ,oxide1 ,transp>5t4 ,ultram>9e ,blue1 ,natural or ,artificial4 ,cobalt ,blue1 ,natural or ,artificial4 ,cadmium ,yell[1 all %ades4 ,engli% ,v]milion2 or any ,v]milion made ( ,m]cury4 ,madd] ,lake or ,aliz>9 ,lake4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,madd] & ,aliz>9#b ,lakes1 all ! o!r colors c be mix$ ) ea* o!r )\t any dang] ( decomposition1 & ,madd] ,lake c be mix$ ) mo/ ( ^! colors1 ) ! exception ( ! foll[+3 ,yell[ ,o*re4 ,raw ,si5na4 ,transp>5t ,*romium ,oxide4 ,= dilut+1 ,madd] ,lake1 ,p]man5t ,:ite 7,blanc ,fixe7 may be us$4 ,,comm]cial ,,pa9t+ ,if y take up any art deal]'s catalogue1 y w f9d m ?an a hundr$ v>ieties ( colors2 &1 among !m1 ! va/ majority %\ld n be us$ by ! av]age pa9t]4 ,b1 !re is a legitimate use = !m 9 comm]cial pa9t+4 ,9 sket*+1 = adv]tis+ purposes or = book illu/ration1 brilliant colors are p]missible1 :]e half-tone reproductions are desir$2 &1 "u ! circum/ances1 x w\ld be well = ! pa9t] to "k exactly :at he is us+4 ,! av]age pa9t] does n "k t ,cremnitz ,:ite1 ,flake ,:ite & ,:ite ,lead are id5tical 9 composition4 ,nor1 does he "k t ,silv] ,:ite & ,z9c ,:ite are ! same4 ,9 _m ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 laws h be5 enact$ :i* compel manufactur]s ( h\se pa9ts to label ea* conta9] z to its true composition4 ,if a man is buy+ a ready-mix$ pa9t & is suppos$ to be gett+ a mixture ( ,z9c ,oxide1 ,:ite ,lead1 ,l9se$ ,oil & ,dri]1 ! label mu/ s /ate1 & ,i h advocat$ = a long "t t arti/s' tube colors ought to be label$ z to _! true composition4 ,a color1 = in/ance1 l ,z9nob] ,gre51 :i* is purely & simply a "n t trades on ! reputation ( ,z9nob] ,r$1#c %\ld be label$ z to composition4 ,?is is a mixture ( ,prussian ,blue1 ,*rome ,yell[ & ,:ite1 & is only p]man5t :5 us$ alone on surfaces1 except+ pla/] or ,portl& ,cem5t concrete4 ,! pa9t] w\ld !n "k :at to use & :at to avoid4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ,i am n condemn+ ! manufacture ( ! brilliant anil9e tube colors entirely1 because !re is "s legitimate use = !m2 b1 x is my object to attempt to educate ! pa9t] 9 a simple ,palette1 s t he may be sure ( ! la/+ qualities ( 8 art4 ,,palette ,,knives ,pa9t]s %\ld adopt horn palette knives in/ead ( /eel palette knives4 ,to illu/rate ! reason = ?is--if ,naples ,yell[ be tak5 & smoo!d out ) a /eel knife1 ! ,naples ,yell[ turns ,br[n & ,black 9 /reaks1 because !re is a *emical action betwe5 ! /eel & ! *emical composition ( ! ,naples ,yell[4 ,?is is true ( _m colors2 & :]e pa9t]s are incl9$ to d "s pa9t+ ) knives in/ead ( bru%es1 x is pref]able to use a horn or h>d rubb] knife1 because no decomposition c possibly take place4 ,,bitum5 ,bitum5 & its homologues1 su* z ,v&yke ,br[n1 ,cassel ,br[n & ,asphaltum1 %\ld1 "u no circum/ances1 be us$ by any arti/ic pa9t]4 ,if y w look up ! lit]ature ( photography be=e ! days ( ! dagu]reotype1 photographs 7 tak5 on ,bitum51 because x 0 s s5sitive to ! light t )9 a day a negative or positive impr9t c\ld be obta9$ by coat+ a %eet ( silv] or glass ) a ,bitum5 solution4 ,:]e ! light act$ on ! ,bitum5 x became ,black & insoluble1 & :]e ! light did n /rike x1 x rema9$ ,br[n & soluble4 ,m damage has be5 done to arti/ic pa9t]s by ! use ( ,bitum9\s pigm5ts ?an by any o!r4 ,dupr & ,jacque1 ( ! ,b>bizon ,s*ool1 are two examples ( pa9t]s ^: "w det]iorat$ ?r\gh ! use ( ,bitum54 ,x may be true t a pleas+ effect is obta9$ :5 ,bitum5 is employ$ z a glaz+ mat]ial1 b 9 "t ! picture d>k5s1 & re/oration is impossible--fir/1 because ( ! solubility ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ,bitum5 t h n be5 act$ ^u by light2 & second1 because any attempt to remove ! "p t has turn$ ,black de/roys ! orig9al pa9t+4 ,v&yke ,br[n & ,cassel ,br[n conta9 ,bitum9\s mat]ials1 & ,asphaltum is ! same ?+ z ,bitum54 ,,temp]a ,,colors ,temp]a ,colors1 or ,temp]a ,pa9t+1 exi/$ long be=e ,oil ,colors 7 kn[n1 & ,temp]a ,m$ium 0 us$ five ?\s& ye>s ago by ! ,egyptians 9 _! pa9t+4 ,egyptian c(f9s & s>cophagi 7 pa9t$ ) bo? glue size & egg temp]a4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,egyptians manufactur$ v excell5t grades ( glue ei!r by boil+ p>*m5t or bones & hides ( animals4 ,!y 7 excell5t cab9et mak]s & us$ glue v l>gely 9 jo9+ pieces ( wood4 ,9 ! great museum at ,cairo !re are to-day _m samples ( furniture glu$ toge!r ) ,egyptian glue1 :i* are /ill 9 excell5t condition4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m ?an likely t little or no b9d] 0 us$ :5 ! pigm5ts 7 appli$ on ! v>i\s tombs or temples1 ev5 to ^? built ab\t #aejj ye>s lat]1 l ! ,temple ( ,k>nak4 ,we all "k t ! climate ( ,egypt is exce$+ly dry & !re=e no ra9 c wa% (f or dis9tegrate a cold wat] pa9t made by means ( pigm5t & glue4 ,! ,nile clay & ,nile mud l>gely us$ 9 build+ are slightly alkal9e & 9 _m respects simil> to ! adobe mud 9 ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 ,?is mud conta9s a small p]c5tage ( free lime1 & any e>?y sub/ance :i* conta9s free lime w 9 "t act l a weak cem5t & become firmly b\nd4 ,x is !re=e my op9ion t _m ( ! decorations made by ! ,egyptians 7 made )\t any b9d] o!r ?an ! lime naturally f\nd 9 ! soil1 & 9 a few cases ! glue 0 us$4 ,i also judge1 f ! nature ( ! implem5ts us$1 t ! pigm5ts 7 rubb$ into ! surface & !y 9 "t became "p ( ! surface4 ,i d n ref] to ! spl5did decorative "w on ! wood5 s>cophagi :5 ,i say little or no b9d] 0 us$1 = 9 ^! c(f9s & on ! outside ( ! l95 wrapp+s !re are "s really wond]ful decorative pa9t+s 9 :i* b9d]s 7 us$4 ,! portraits outside ( ! mummy wrapp+s 9 ! second c5tury 7 done ) wax & res9s & are excell5t works ( art4 ,! primitive ,italians 7 pa/-ma/]s at ! art ( mak+ ,temp]a ,m$ium1 z evid5c$ by _! pa9t+s /ill 9 exi/5ce1 a l>ge numb] ( :i* are 9 absolutely p]fect condition4 ,temp]a ,m$ium1 g5]ally speak+1 is a mixture ( ei!r ! :ole egg--or1 m correctly speak+1 ! :ite ( ! egg--& a small quantity ( dry+ oil & wat]4 ,:5 ! :ite ( ! egg is beat5 up ) l9se$ oil or poppy oil1 x =ms a v weak emulsion or soap1 f a *emical /&po9t4 ,?is is really no?+ m or less ?an a solution ( flexible adhesive1 or glue4 ,temp]a ,m$ium is also made f ,case91 :i* is an adhesive elem5t held 9 solution 9 milk4 ,?is is sep>at$ f ! milk1 *emically1 & dri$1 dissolv$ 9 weak ammonia wat]1 & mix$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,9 o!r words1 ,temp]a ,m$ium is a ,wat] ,color ,m$ium1 to :i* a little dry+ oil1 or o!r adhesive1 has be5 add$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! weakness ( ! b9d] & ! l>ge quantity ( wat] conta9$1 :i* entirely evaporates1 ! color is left absolutely flat & )\t ! slighte/ sign ( gloss1 unless pil$ on too ?ickly4 ,aft] ?is has be5 all[$ to dry = a few days1 x may be v>ni%$ ) a numb] ( v>ni%es1 :i* ,i w describe lat] on1 :5 x has all ! appe>ance ( an oil pa9t+4 ,!re are su* a l>ge numb] ( temp]a tube colors made t x is unnecess>y = ! arti/ to make 8 own4 ,temp]a ,colors d n *ange1 except+1 ( c\rse1 ^? :i* are inh]5tly defective1 & x is un=tunate t 9 look+ ov] ! li/ ( ,temp]a ,colors = sale1 ,anil9e ,lakes %\ld be manufactur$ & sold at all4 ,colors1 h[ev]1 :i* really h inh]5t defects1 l ,flake ,:ite1 ,*rome ,yell[ & ,p>is or ,em]ald ,gre5 7:i* turns ,black & ,br[n :5 submitt$ to sulphur fumes ( ! atmosph]e7 rema9 absolutely p]man5t z soon z !y are v>ni%$4 ,temp]a ,m$ium made ) ! :ole egg conta9s a v l>ge p]c5tage ( sulphur1 & = ?is purpose ! ,temp]a ,m$ium1 :5 pigm5ts l ,*rome ,yell[1 ,flake ,:ite & ,p>is ,gre5 are us$1 %\ld be replac$ by a ,temp]a ,m$ium made ( ,:ite ( ,egg & ,oil1 or ,case9 & ,ammonia4 ,! ,ammonia1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 plays no role1 s9ce x is only us$ z a solv5t = ! ,case91 & dur+ ! process ( cook+ or boil+ is driv5 (f1 s t a boil$ ,case9 emulsion ( ,l9se$ ,oil has no effect on any color4 ,! :ite ( ! egg conta9s a v little oil1 :ile ! yolk ( ! egg conta9s z high z tw5ty p] c5t4 ( fat or oil1 ?us add+ to ! flexibility ( ! m$ium4 ,b1 s9ce ! yolk ( ! egg ranges f a light ,yell[ to an ,orange1 x c be readily se5 t x is n suitable = ! manufacture ( :ite or light %ades ( ,temp]a ,colors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,c5n9i recomm5ds1 alt]nately1 ! yolk & ! :ite1 dep5d+ ^u ! purpose1 mix$ ) ! juice ( figs4 ,?is1 evid5tly1 mu/ ref] to ! sap ( ! fig tree2 =1 x is well kn[n t rubb] is obta9$ f ! fig tree4 ,a slight incision 9 any fig or rubb] plant gives a milky excresc5ce1 :i* has consid]able adhesive p[]1 & :i* conta9s ab\t half rubb] & half wat]1 9 ! =m ( an emulsion4 ,! yolk ( ! egg 01 h[ev]1 mo/ly us$ = fresco1 panel & metal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dry :ite ( egg may be b\ght z a comm]cial article1 z eggs are ga!r$ = ?is purpose 9 l>ge quantities 9 ,*9a4 ,?is may be dissolv$ 9 a weak alkal9e solution1 & ( c\rse ?is solution mu/ be made 9 ! cold1 ! alkali1 if x be ammonia1 be+ all[$ to evaporate at room temp]ature1 ev5 aft] ! oil is add$4 ,o!rwise1 z anyone kn[s1 ! boil+ ( any :ite ( egg solution1 coagulates x1 leav+ h>d boil$ :ite ( egg z ! result4 ,! ideal ,temp]a solution = manufactur]s to use w\ld1 !re=e1 be ,case91 to :i* ! requisite am\nt ( oil %\ld be add$--or1 :ite ( egg & a dry+ oil4 ,unless a pres]vative be add$ to a ,temp]a emulsion1 x w rot & decompose 9 a v %ort "t4 ,= ?is purpose !re are _m pres]vatives4 ,oil ( ,cloves has be5 us$ f ! "t ( ! ,egyptians4 ,9 fact1 boil+ or mix+ ) spices has be5 reg>d$ z ! natural dis9fectant & pres]vative4 ,mod]n *emi/ry1 h[ev]1 tea*es u t mat]ials l ,b5zoate ( ,soda1 ,salicylic ,acid1 ,boric ,acid & ,c>bolic ,acid are ! be/ pres]vatives1 al?\gh if insuffici5t am\nts are add$1 ! ,tube ,colors w decompose 9 "t4 ,if ,temp]a ,colors are us$ 9 ! place ( ,wat] ,colors = pa9t+ on pap]1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t ! colors are appli$ v ?9ly2 =1 if ! slighte/ attempt at impa/o is tri$1 ! colors w crack1 & 9 _m in/ances fall (f aft] !y h ?or\ghly dri$ out4 ,! b9d] 9 ,temp]a ,colors is really s weak t x w n support by gravity a l>ge quantity ( pigm5t4 ,!re=e1 ?9 pa9t+ 9 ,temp]a1 especially on pap]1 is always ess5tial4 ,! ,p]man5t ,palette = ,temp]a ,colors is ! same z t = ,oil ,colors4 ,if no int]action betwe5 ,temp]a ,colors takes place :ile !y are 9 ! process ( dry+1 !re c be no reaction t w ev] take place aft] !y are once dri$1 s9ce dry *emicals d n react4 ,h5ce1 aft] ,temp]a ,colors are v>ni%$1 !y may be reg>d$1 if p]man5t to light1 to be p]man5t =ev]4 ,!re comes1 !n1 ! "q :i* has be5 moot$ s (t5 among arti/ic pa9t]s--,:y v>ni% a ,temp]a pa9t+ at all1 s9ce ! idea is to produce ! flat effect8--to :i* ! answ] mu/ be made t a pa9t+1 no matt] ( :at x is made1 unless h]metically seal$1 ei!r 9 a glass cov]$ frame or ) v>ni%1 or bo?1 is b\nd to be act$ ^u by our mod]n indoor atmosph]e1 & v>ni%es c be made1 & are made1 :i* dry ) an absolutely ,matte f9i%1 s t ^! may be us$ ) p]fect success ov] a ,temp]a picture4 ,!re are sev]al types ( ,temp]a ,colors on ! m>ket4 ,/rictly speak+1 a ,temp]a ,color %\ld be a mixture ( ,album51 made ei!r ( dri$ or fre% :ite ( eggs1 l9se$ oil & wat] beat5 up into an emulsion4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n among ! laity t all vegetable oils1 :e!r !y be dry+ or non-dry+1 w make an emulsion ) lime wat] or any o!r alkali1 b lime wat] is probably ! be/ emulsify+ ag5t to use4 ,?is m$ium1 :5 mix$ & gr\nd ) dry colors1 =ms ! well-kn[n ,temp]a1 simil> 9 all respects1 to t us$ by ! primitive ,italians4 ,"o has only to see ! rem>kable p]man5ce ( ! e>ly ,italian ,temp]a pa9t+ to conclude beyond p]adv5ture t ?is m$ium mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ p]man5t 9 exi/5ce4 ,!re are fur!r types ( ,temp]a ,colors on ! m>ket :i* conta9 little or no album9\s mat]ial1 b :i* are simply mixtures ( l9se$ oil & wat]4 ,i am refra9+ f discuss+ sci5tifically ! manufacture ( emulsion pa9ts1 because t has be5 describ$ fully & at great l5g? 9 ano!r publication4#d ,s t1 = ! pres5t1 x is only necess>y to say t x is a simple matt] to comb9e oil & wat] = ,temp]a pa9t+4 ,!re are pa9ts on ! m>ket sold "u ! "n ( ,matte ,colors & ,temp]a ,colors1 :i* are emulsions ( l9se$ oil & wat] only4 ,b1 ^! h nei!r ! pla/icity nor ! smoo?ness ( film1 aft] !y are dry1 ( ! ,temp]a ,colors :i* conta9 album54 ,if ! arti/ic pa9t] w use only ^? pigm5ts previ\sly describ$ :i* are p]man5t1 :e!r !y be gr\nd 9 ,l9se$ ,oil or :e!r !y be ,temp]a ,colors1 & a m$ium s prep>$ t noxi\s gases _c p5etrate ?r\gh ei!r side1 absolutely p]man5t results w be obta9$4 ,,wat] ,,colors ,wat] ,colors are ei!r put up 9 little cakes1 9 pans or 9 tubes4 ,9 e in/ance1 !y are gr\nd v f9ely 9 a wat]y ,m$ium to :i* "s glut9ant mat]ial has be5 add$1 su* z ,gum ,arabic2 &1 9 ! case ( tube colors & pan colors1 ,glyc]9e1 sug> or ,glucose1 to prev5t !m f h>d5+ or dry+ out entirely4 ,wat] ,colors1 except+ ^? ( ! ,temp]a type1 :i* conta9 oil1 _c be v>ni%$1 b !y are 8fix$0 ) a solution ( gum or ,case91 s t !y d n rub (f or drop (f ( _! own weight4 ,!re are entirely too _m un/able ,wat] ,colors made4 ,"s manufactur]s c>ry z _m z "o hundr$ & =ty diff]5t pigm5ts 9 cakes1 pans & tubes4 ,a g5]ation ago "s arti/s fix$ _! wat] colors by means ( ,gum ,arabic4 ,9 "s cases ! gum %rivel$ up & became opaque4 ,wat] colors %\ld1 ( c\rse1 nev] be v>ni%$1 b may be fix$1 if necess>y ) a v weak case9 solution4 ,! p]fect & simple palette ( ,wat] ,colors is practically ! same z t ( ,oil ,colors1 ) a few additions1 z foll[s3 ,z9c ,:ite4 ,con/ant ,:ite4#e ,lamp ,black4 ,yell[ ,o*re4 ,raw ,si5na4 ,raw ,umb]4 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,cadmium4 ,burnt ,umb]4 ,indian ,r$4 ,v5etian ,r$4 ,ultram>9e ,blue4 ,cobalt ,blue4 ,*rome ,gre51 ,opaque4 ,*rome ,gre51 ,transp>5t 7,em]ald ,oxide ( ,*romium74 ,v]milion4 ,madd] ,lake4 ,a ,wat] ,color pa9t+ mu/ be h]metically seal$ 9 ! frame & x mu/ n be back$ up ) a ?9 ,v5e] ( wood1 = "t & aga9 ^! wood v5e]s conta9 knots :i* are v res9\s1 & ^! res9s1 9 a w>m room1 w evaporate1 /rike ?r\gh & =m a yell[ spot or r+ on ! pa9t+ itself4 ,! be/ way to frame or h]metically seal a wat] ,color1 9 ord] to make x p]man5t1 is to h a glass front & ! glass %\ld be fa/5$ ar\nd ! inn] edge ( ! frame by means ( a /rip ( adhesive pap] to exclude air & moi/ure4 ,! ,wat] ,color is !n ins]t$ & back$ up ) a piece ( c>dbo>d1 academy-bo>d or ?9 metal1 su* z ,z9c1 ,alum9um1 or ev5 ,%eet ,iron4 ,:5 ?is has be5 ?or\ghly fa/5$ by means ( brads or nails1 ! entire back ( ! picture is !n seal$ ) heavy pap] :i* has be5 ?or\ghly soak$ on bo? sides ) a good glue or />* size4 ,9 ?is mann] a ,wat] ,color w rema9 p]man5t4 ,a /rip ( wood1 a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 glass & draw+1 s z to prev5t ! pap] f re/+ aga9/ ! glass4 ,wat] ,color pigm5ts may be mix$ ) ea* o!r )\t dang] ( reaction1 because1 once !y are dry1 no fur!r reaction w take place1 z dry colors d n int]act4 ,an exception1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be made 9 ! case ( ,flake ,:ite & ,ultram>9e ,blue1 al?\gh ,flake ,:ite z a ,wat] ,color is totally unnecess>y4 ,! "q ( ! hid+ p[] ( ,flake ,:ite z comp>$ ) o!r colors1 w be m5tion$ lat]4 ,b1 a good coat+ ( fixative1 :e!r x be compos$ ( a glue size or a ,case9 size1 or ev5 an alcohol v>ni%1 is ess5tial 9 ! protection ( ,wat] ,colors f atmosph]ic effects4 ,colors ,:i* ,are ,absolutely ,p]man5t ,:i* ,are ,n ,g5]ally ,us$ ,& ,:i* ,may ,be ,mix$ ,) ,any ,o!r ,color ,)\t ,decomposition--,n ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,simple ,palette4 ,black ,lead4 ,graphite4 ,alum9a4 ,blanc ,fixe4#f ,*>coal ,black4 ,*>coal ,gray4 ,m9]al ,gray4#g ,ultram>9e ,a%4#h ,ultram>9e ,gre54 ,ultram>9e ,violet4 ,ultram>9e ,r$4 ,colors ,:i* ,may ,be ,us$ ,alone ,& ,:i* ,are ,p]fectly ,p]man5t ,aft] ,!y ,are ,v>ni%$4 ,flake ,:ite4 ,*rome ,gre5--,light1 ,m$ium & ,d>k4#i ,*rome ,yell[--,light1 ,m$ium & ,orange4 ,prussian ,blue4 ,em]ald ,gre54#aj ,antw]p ,blue4 ,naples ,yell[4 ,orpim5t4 ,*rome ,r$4 ,indian ,lake4 ,g5u9e ,aliz>9 ,lakes ( all %ades4 ,burnt ,umb]4 ,madd] ,lakes ( all %ades4 ,*romate ( ,b>ium4#aa ,*romate ( ,z9c4#ab ,*romate ( ,/rontium1#ac 7sometimes call$ ultram>9e yell[74 ,,p]man5t ,,f\ndations ,,= ,,pa9t+ ,_m a pa9t+ decomposes1 cracks1 *ips & o!rwise fails1 because ! f\ndation ^u :i* x is pa9t$ is un/able4 ,!re is an endur+ feature connect$ ) oil pa9t+s :i* has be5 describ$ else:]e#ad & x is n necess>y to g into ?is subject 9 ?is volume2 b1 suffice x to say1 t canvas is ! lea/ p]man5t ( all f\ndations1 & !re is h>dly any "o ( ! pa9t+s by ! ,old ,ma/]s1 or ev5 any ( ! pa9t+s 9 exi/5ce by ! ,mod]n ,ma/]s ( "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 t has n be5 rel9$2 t is to say1 ! canvas has be5 m\nt$ on o!r canvas 9 ord] to give x /ability & p]man5ce4 ,! pr9cipal f\ndations t h be5 us$ h be5 wood ( v>i\s types1 & metal4 ,wood really is z p]man5t z any?+ 9 exi/5ce1 except+ t ev5tually x becomes ei!r rott$1 ?r\gh excessive moi/ure1 or a c]ta9 worm invades x & bores irregul> holes ?r\gh x4 ,! mo/ p]man5t ( all f\ndations is metal4 ,! ,dut* h pa9t$ on copp]1 & :]e ! copp] has be5 r smoo? ! pa9t has ev5tually curl$ or peel$4 ,%eets ( ,z9c or %eets ( ,alum9um are reg>d$ to-day z ! mo/ p]man5t f\ndations = all pa9t+s up to a c]ta9 size1 b beyond a c]ta9 size canvas mu/ necess>ily be us$4 ,i h always advocat$ ! pa9t+ ( canvas on ! rev]se side1 to prev5t noxi\s gases f work+ _! way ?r\gh to ! "u side ( ! pa9t+1 & ! pa9t+ ( ! rev]se side ( canvas is n z simple z x may seem4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 if a pa9t+ is to be protect$ by pa9t+ ! rev]se side ( ! canvas1 aft] ! pa9t+ has be5 complet$1 unequal t5sion takes place & ! pa9t+ buckles1 s x is necess>y "u all circum/ances to remove ! canvas f ! /ret*] & re-/ret* x4 ,!n aga91 ,l9se$ ,oil pa9t mu/ n be us$ ei!r on cotton or l95 direct4 ,l9se$ ,oil is acid1 & ev5tually rots or decomposes all vegetable fibre4 ,x is = t reason t canvas is always fir/ prep>$ ) a glue solution1 :i* is neutral & prev5ts ! soak+ 9 ( ! oil pa9t1 s t if ! rev]se side ( ! canvas is to be pa9t$1 x mu/ be ei!r coat$ ) a glue solution1 or1 :at is equally good1 x mu/ receive a ?9 coat+ ( ,%ellac ,v>ni%4 ,glue solutions are made by us+ a d\ble boil]1 su* z c>p5t]s use1 or su* z h\sewives use = boil+ rice or o!r c]eals4 ,a p\nd ( glue or gelat9e is soak$ ov]night 9 a qu>t ( cold wat]4 ,?is swells ! glue & makes x ready = boil+4 ,!n x is plac$ ov] ! fire 9 a d\ble boil] & m wat] add$1 until x has ! consi/5cy ( v ?9 cream4 ,aft] x has be5 all[$ to cool1 x is appli$ to ! canvas4 ,!n1 aft] t1 any good mix$ oil pa9t may be appli$4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 always recomm5d$ a mixture ( su* pigm5ts :i* %all nei!r dry too h>d nor too s(t & w n ev5tually become too brittle4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! foll[+ pigm5ts may be mix$ & may be obta9$ f any reputable deal] 9 h\se pa9ts3 ,"o p\nd ( ,r$ ,lead 9 ,oil4 ,"o p\nd ( ,z9c ,:ite 9 ,oil4 ,"o p\nd ( ,pure ,:ite ,lead 9 ,oil4 mix$ ) "o-half p9t ( ,turp5t9e1 to :i* "o-half p9t ( raw ,l9se$ ,oil is add$4 ,?is makes a salmon-color$ ready mix$ pa9t :i* dries sl[ly1 ev5ly & is v imp]vi\s1 & if ! color is at all objectionable & too light1 ,lamp ,black may be add$ to produce a ,*ocolate ,br[n4 ,! ,lamp ,black %\ld be add$ 9 oil )\t ! addition ( any fur!r v>ni% or dri]4 ,b ?is mu/1 ( c\rse1 be appli$ ov] ! glue size h]et(ore m5tion$1 & at ! end ( a week ! pa9t+ c be re/ret*$ & w %[ no corrugations or buckl+4 ,9 spite ( wood be+ a m durable pa9t+ mat]ial ?an canvas1 arti/s pref] canvas1 simply on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 surface2 =1 ! twill ( ! canvas gives ! pigm5t an unev5ness :i* causes x to reflect & refract light1 mu* to ! advantage ( ! pa9t+4 ,gilb]t ,/u>t1 9 lat] life1 pa9t$ _m portraits on panels t 7 groov$ to give ! impression ( canvas1 & he _h ! surface = _m ( 8 panels prep>$ 9 su* a way z to imitate ! weave to :i* he 0 mo/ accu/om$4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,wood ,,z ,a ,,f\ndation ,,= ,,pa9t+s ,mahogany wood1 s9ce ! ,twelf? ,c5tury1 has be5 a great favorite ) pa9t]s1 b an ,oak panel is j z good4 ,x is absolutely necess>y1 h[ev]1 to re9=ce ! rev]se side ( a wood panel1 ei!r by means ( a cradle or by means ( cleats4 ,cleats are v dang]\s4 ,pictures split & buckle alongside ( cleats1 & :5 su* buckl+ takes place1 ! picture ought to be tak5 (f & cradl$4 ,if ! wood panel is suffici5tly heavy1 ^! cleats may be screw$ on1 b at all ev5ts !y %\ld be glu$ on ) a prop] glue1 su* z c be pur*as$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ! "n ( ,le,page's ,glue1 or ,russia ,cem5t2 b1 9 any ev5t1 x is q important1 9 addition to glu+ ^! /rips1 to fa/5 !m by means ( f9e wire nails :i* may g ?r\gh to ! out] surface1 & !n be cut (f & s&pap]$ to a smoo? f9i%4 ,a v good prep>ation ( a wood f\ndation is to fill ! wood fir/ ) :at is kn[n z wood fill]4 ,?is is a mat]ial call$ ,silex1 or ,silica1 mix$ 9 a quick dry+ v>ni%4 ,x is ?9n$ d[n ) ,spirits ( ,turp5t9e1 appli$ across ! gra9 ( ! wood panel1 & aft] t5 or fifte5 m9utes x is rubb$ (f lightly1 ! f9e gra9 ( ! wood becomes fill$ up ) ?is ,silica or wood fill]2 &1 aft] tw5ty-f\r or =ty-eight h\rs1 ! surface is !n rubb$ ) v f9e s&pap]1 :i* makes x p]fectly smoo?4 ,!n a ?9 application ( ,%ellac ,v>ni% is appli$2 & ,%ellac ,v>ni% = ?is purpose is manufactur$ by tak+ two p\nds ( any ,orange ,%ellac to ?ree-qu>t]s ( a gallon ( ,d5atur$ ,alcohol4 ,?is %\ld n be mix$ 9 a metal conta9]1 b %\ld be mix$ 9 a /one j> or glass bottle4 ,9 a few h\rs x w h dissolv$1 if %ak5 occasionally4 ,a coat ( ?is is appli$ to ! wood aft] ! fill has become ?or\ghly dry4 ,?ree h\rs aft]w>ds x %\ld aga9 be lightly s&pap]$4 ,aft] ?is ano!r coat ( ,%ellac ,v>ni% is appli$1 bo? to ! front & ! back ( ! wood panel4 ,?ree h\rs aft] t1 x c aga9 be lightly s&pap]$1 & !n x is ready = pa9t+4 ,! s&pap] is ess5tial because x r\gh5s ! surface & =ms a bond betwe5 ! pigm5t & ! wood4 ,if y pa9t on a highly poli%$ surface1 :e!r x be glass1 metal1 wood or canvas1 !re is v little bond betwe5 two glossy coats1 & ! *ances ( peel+ are v great2 b1 if y r\gh5 ! surface ^u :i* y are go+ to pa9t1 !re is a contact betwe5 ! pa9t & ! surface1 due to ! r\ghness j m5tion$4 ,%ellac us$ 9 prim+ wood is ess5tial1 9 ord] to prev5t ! res9\s matt] f evaporat+ into ! pa9t+4 ,b1 if a pa9t+ %\ld crack1 :i* has be5 bas$ on ,%ellac1 & a re/or] appli$ alcohol1 x is q obvi\s t ! pa9t+ w\ld become badly damag$4 ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,metal ,any metal :i* has rigidity1 su* z ,copp]1 ,z9c & ,alum9um1 is good to pa9t on & is absolutely p]man5t4 ,alum9um is ! lighte/ ( all ! metals & n v exp5sive4 ,x is readily pur*as$ 9 any size up to #cj x #cf & 9 any reasonable ?ickness4 ,! bodies ( ne>ly all good automobiles are made ( ,alum9um1 & :5 ! surface is prop]ly prep>$1 x holds ! pa9t p]fectly & p]man5tly4 ,x c be b\ght ) a s-call$ egg-%ell f9i%1 b x is always advisable1 be=e pa9t+1 to rub x v ?or\ghly ) co>se s&pap] or em]y clo?4 ,?is produces v f9e ridges1 :i* hold ! pa9t1 & t is ! only prep>ation t ,alum9um ne$s = p]man5t pa9t+4 ,copp]1 ,brass1 ,t9-,plate & ,z9c mu/ all be prep>$ 9 ! same mann] by rubb+ !m v ?or\ghly ) co>se s&pap] or em]y clo?1 & no fur!r prep>ation is necess>y4 ,,oils ,,& ,,m$iums ,!re are on sale a v l>ge numb] ( ,m$iums = use 9 oil pa9t+1 "s ( :i* are ess5tial1 b mo/ ( :i* are unnecess>y2 &1 = c]ta9 purposes1 unreliable4 ,! mat]ials g5]ally on sale--& ?is is n a complete li/--are3 ,poppy ,oil4 ,l9se$ ,oil4 ,walnut ,oil4 ,nut ,oil4 ,pale ,dry+ ,oil4 ,d>k ,dry+ ,oil4 ,spirits ( ,turp5t9e4 ,petroleum ,naph?a4 ,amb] ,v>ni%4 ,copal ,v>ni%4 ,japan ,oil ,size4 ,ma/ic ,v>ni%4 ,megilp ,v>ni%4 ,dam> ,v>ni%4 & o!r mat]ials1 ! compositions ( _m ( :i* are kept a secret & are sold "u propriet>y names4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! pa9t] c get along p]fectly1 & w h p]man5t results1 if he /icks to ,raw ,l9se$ ,oil1 ,turp5t9e & "o ,v>ni%1 ei!r ,ma/ic or ,dam>4 ,i d n mean to say t a ,m$ium l ,copal ,v>ni% mix$ ) c]ta9 colors is n a good ,m$ium1 = su* a mat]ial w produce enamel pa9ts :i* w h a p]man5t gloss1 b :5 y come to consid] t ! ,old ,ma/]s _h only f sev5 to t5 pigm5ts gr\nd 9 a dry+ oil l ,l9se$ ,oil1 & t mo/ ( _! pa9t+s are to-day a complete example ( p]man5ce1 !re %\ld be no reason :y ! m9d ( ! pa9t] %\ld be cl\d$ ) a multiplicity ( mat]ials & :y _m mat]ials %\ld be us$ :i* may 9 "t prove detrim5tal4 ,)\t go+ into any sci5tific diss]tation on ! subject1 if y take a /rong dri] & mix x ) _m pigm5ts l ,umb]1 ,z9c & ! ,si5nas1 y w h1 app>5tly1 a p]fectly dry picture 9 twelve h\rs1 b y mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! dry+ process1 once />t$ ) ^! p[]ful dri]s1 goes on sometimes = ye>s1 until f9ally ! pa9t dis9tegrates1 because too mu* dri] has be5 us$4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 (t5times ess5tial to use pl5ty ( dri]1 or to use ,copal ,v>ni% z a ,m$ium1 9 ord] to f9i% ! "w s t x c be h&l$ ) safety = illu/rative uses1 b :]e a pa9t] has a commission to pa9t a portrait1 x its f> wis] to use ! simple palette & to r$uce only ) ,turp5t9e & ,raw ,l9se$ ,oil & let ! sun & air dry 8 picture sl[ly1 normally & naturally4 ,,v>ni%es ,no picture %\ld be v>ni%$ be=e x is at lea/ six mon?s old1 = ,i h already /at$ t ! process ( dry+ ) ,l9se$ ,oil ,colors is progressive1 & keeps on = ye>s1 & if a picture be v>ni%$ too soon1 cracks are b\nd to result4 ,only ^? types ( v>ni%es %\ld be us$ :i* c be readily remov$ & ! ?ree types t c be readily remov$ are ,s&>ac1 ,ma/ic & ,dam>4 ,s&>ac is a v>ni% :i* dissolves 9 ,alcohol & dries p]fectly )9 ?ree h\rs4 ,ma/ic is a pale gum :i* dissolves only 9 ,turp5t9e & dries h>d & du/-free ov]night4 ,dam> is simil> 9 its *>act]i/ics to ,ma/ic1 b n q z h>d4 ,pictures ) a heavy impa/o1 & p>ticul>ly ^? 9 :i* ! sl[ dry+ pigm5ts are us$1 %\ld n be v>ni%$ inside ( a ye>--or1 pref]ably1 9 two or ?ree ye>s4 ,all ,l9se$ ,oil & ,poppy ,oil pa9ts dry f ! surface d[n & wr9kle l a desiccat$ apple4 ,if a curv$ ne$le is ins]t$ into ^! wr9kles1 x is v (t5 f\nd t ! int]ior is /ill liquid or semi-liquid4 ,i h f\nd globules ( graphite & lamp black mix$ ) ,l9se$ ,oil1 to rema9 s(t aft] _m ye>s4 ,:5 a picture becomes ?or\ghly h>d & x has dri$ completely1 ! film becomes z t\gh z a %eet ( glue1 & x _c be punctur$4 ,x is !n call$ 8ne$le-pro(40 ,a clot ( ,raw ,si5na 9 a picture by ,josef ,israels t5 ye>s old 0 n yet 8ne$le-pro(40 ,x w\ld !re=e appe> t ! be/ "t to v>ni% a picture is aft] x has h>d5$ up uni=mly & completely1 ev5 ?\gh ?is takes a ye> or two4 ,ma/ic is v l>gely us$1 b has ! "o great defect t y nev] "k :e!r x is go+ to dry ) a gloss or :e!r x is go+ to dry flat1 & sometimes a picture v>ni%$ ) ,ma/ic w be p>tially glossy & p>tly matte4 ,to ov]come ?is1 a small am\nt1 n exce$+ #aj1 ( ,lav5d] ,oil or ,l9se$ ,oil may be add$4 ,on a bright1 cle> day1 ,dam> ,v>ni% usually dries ) a gloss1 b on a damp day1 :5 ! picture is moi/1 ,dam> w also dry flat4 ,s&>ac ,v>ni% may be v easily remov$ ) ,alcohol1 & bo? ,dam> & ,ma/ic may be easily remov$ ) ,turp5t9e or a mixture ( ,turp5t9e & ,b5z9e 7,petroleum ,naph?a74 ,= ! re/oration & r5ovation ( pa9t+s1 x w at once be se5 t a v>ni% t c be easily remov$ is by f> pref]able to ! ,copal ,oil ,v>ni%es1 & ,amb] ,v>ni%es :i* dry ) a h>d1 t\gh insoluble film1 & x is at times impossible to remove ^!2 &1 :]e /rong solv5ts or mu* attrition is us$1 x sometimes happ5s t ! surface glaz+ or delicate t9ts are remov$ at ! same "t4 ,! pigm5ts t are only p]man5t :5 us$ alone & rema9 p]man5t aft] hav+ be5 v>ni%$1 are3 ,flake ,:ite4 ,*rome ,gre54#ae ,*rome ,yell[4 ,prussian ,blue4 ,em]ald ,gre54 ,naples ,yell[4 ,*rome ,r$4 ,v]digris4 ,h>rison ,r$4#af ,x is p]t95t to say a ^w ab\t ,flake ,:ite1 because practically all ( ! ,:ites us$ by ! ,flemi%1 ,dut*1 ,italian & ,engli% ,ma/]s 0 ,flake ,:ite1 & !re is no :ite pigm5t t is equal to x 9 :at is kn[n z hid+ p[]4 ,two coats ( ,flake ,:ite ?9ly appli$ are equal to f\r coats ( ,z9c ,:ite 9 hid+ p[]1 s x is q appropriate t :]e a pa9t] wants a p]man5t ,:ite1 :i* %all h a solid body & hid+ p[]1 !re is absolutely no objection to us+ ,flake ,:ite1 provid$ x be coat$ ov] ) ,z9c ,:ite aft] x is p]fectly dry4 ,or1 if ,flake ,:ite c be kept free f noxi\s gases1 aft] x is appli$1 & !n clean$ (f ) pure ,spirits ( ,turp5t9e & v>ni%$1 ) ei!r ,ma/ic or ,dam>1 x is ev5 p]man5t aga9/ noxi\s gases1 because ^! v>ni%es prev5t gases f attack+ ,flake ,:ite4 ,! same may be said ( ,*rome ,gre51 ,prussian ,blue & ,*rome ,yell[1 :i* are all likely to be affect$ by sulphur gases1 & %\ld ^! turn ,yell[ or ,br[n1 !y c be clean$ & re/or$ to _! pri/9e condition1 if wa%$ ) a weak solution ( soap & wat] & aft]w>ds lightly rubb$ ) ord9>y ,p]oxide ( ,hydrog54 ,! effect ( ! use ( ,p]oxide ( ,hydrog5 & soap wat] is to oxidize ! color :i* has be5 affect$ by sulphur gases4 ,i am n giv+ any special =mula = ?is "w1 because ea* case mu/ be sep>ately treat$1 & ! pa9t] mu/ "w out ! case = himself4 ,! ,*rome ,yell[s & ,*rome ,gre5s are exce$+ly p]man5t to light :5 us$ alone & prop]ly v>ni%$4 ,prussian ,blue has s _m beautiful *>act]i/ics z a pigm5t & is s p]man5t to light t if us$ alone1 or ev5 :5 us$ ) ,z9c ,:ite to produce a sky blue1 x has consid]able m]it4 ,ga9sbor\gh 0 probably ! fir/ great pa9t] to use ,prussian ,blue1 & ,i h se5 "s ( 8 pa9t+s 9 :i* ! drap]y & dresses 7 a beautiful gre51 :i* 0 due to ! yell[+ ( ! v>ni%1 :i*1 :5 m+l$ ) ! ,blue1 produc$ ,gre52 & ,i h also se5 ! v>ni% remov$ & !n ! ,blue came back ) all its orig9al int5sity4 ,,beeswax ,,& ,,o!r ,,waxes ,wax ( any k9d1 z a pa9t+ m$ium1 %\ld n be us$ "u any circum/ances4 ,9 ord] to produce ,matte effects1 !re are on sale reliable v>ni%es :i* dry p]fectly flat & :i* conta9 no wax ( any k9d1 b :i* are made ( ,copal1 ,dam> or ,ma/ic1 & to :i* ab\t t5 p] c5t4 ( a mat]ial kn[n z ,palmitate ( ,alum9um1 or ,/e>ate ( ,alum9um1 has be5 add$4 ,^! two mat]ials are kn[n z flatt+ mat]ials & d n remelt aft] !y are dissolv$ 9 ,v>ni%4 ,i recall a v excell5t ,dut* pa9t+ 9 :i* beeswax _h be5 us$ z a ,m$ium & :i* 0 br\ght ov] to ,am]ica & plac$ 9 ! h\se ( a collector4 ,! foll[+ ,summ] 0 "o ( ! hotte/ ,summ]s :i* ,new ,york _h ev] exp]i5c$1 & on re-op5+ ! h\se 9 ! ,fall1 ! eyes 9 ! portrait ( ?is picture _h melt$ & run d[n ov] ! *eeks4 ,"o (t5 he>s ! rem>k t ! ,egyptian portraits pa9t$ 9 ! ,fir/ & ,second ,c5turies & done ) wax are /ill z p]fect z ! day !y 7 pa9t$4 ,i h exam9$ "s ( ^! pa9t+s & f9d t !y 7 n done ) wax at all1 b done ) a h>d res9 ( a high melt+ po9t4 ,s e pa9t] :o wants to pa9t p]man5t pictures %\ld /ick /rictly to simple vehicles & pigm5ts & n h any?+ to d ) wax :atev]4 ,,summ>y ,a few simple rules1 toge!r ) ! simple ,palette w\ld insure pa9t+s t are absolutely p]man5t4 ,ha/e 9 f9i%+ a picture (t5 produces bad results4 ,x is said ( ! great ,fr5* arti/ ,h5n] t he (t5 _h z _m z =ty or fifty pictures 9 8 /udio 9 ! process ( pa9t+4 ,he w\ld lay 9 ! f\ndation & !n place ! picture face to ! wall to dry4 ,x 0 weeks be=e he got back to ! fir/ picture aga91 :5 he w\ld />t outl9+ ! figures4 ,x 0 weeks aga9 be=e he came back to ! beg9n+ & f9i%$ 8 pictures--9 ! meantime1 ( c\rse1 ea* succe$+ coat hav+ _h "t to dry ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,& ?is1 m ?an any?+ else1 is ! pr9cipal reason :y 8 pa9t+s are 9 su* p]fect condition to-day4 ,i cite him z a man :o _h ! in/9ct to pa9t ) simple colors2 &1 al?\gh he 0 a prolific us] ( ,madd] ,lake1 he always us$ x z a glaze ov] ! ord9>y gr\nd4 ,mo/ ( 8 small] pictures 7 pa9t$ on ,academy-,bo>d or ,composition-,bo>d1 & ,i h no d\bt t 8 pictures w reta9 _! pri/9e condition = c5turies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h su* a great pa9t] z ,josef ,israels1 :o paid little or no att5tion to ! mat]ials :i* he us$1 ) ! result t _m ( 8 pictures are badly crack$ & h d>k5$ consid]ably 9 ! %ad[s4 ,once a pa9t] is famili> ) ! colors :i* are p]man5t1 he or %e c proce$ unconsci\sly )\t any te*nical int]f]5ce & produce results :i* w /ay4 ,!re is a decid$ incl9ation at ! pres5t "t t[>ds impa/o pa9t+1 9 :i* colors are pil$ up to ! ?ickness sometimes ( a c5timet]1 & a pla/ic effect is s\ght by ?is means4 ,?is is a dang]\s proce$+1 except+ 9 ! h&s ( "o :o has a di/9ct k ( h[ colors dry4 ,lamp ,black & ,graphite1 = in/ance1 w take _m ye>s to dry ?or\ghly h>d4 ,z9c ,:ite1 ,raw ,umb]1 ,burnt ,umb]1 ,si5na1 ,indian ,r$ & ,r$ ,lead or ,orange ,m9]al w dry h>d & brittle1 ) ! ultimate dang] ( fall+ (f ! canvass4 ,!n aga91 ! pigm5ts ,i h j m5tion$1 l ,lamp ,black1 & :i* take ye>s to h>d51 w crack any h>d dry+ pigm5t :i* is plac$ ov] !m1 because 9 dry+1 ! sl[ dry+ colors wr9kle & contract1 & a h>d dry+ color plac$ ov] !m1 n hav+ suffici5t ela/icity w be torn asund]1 & a small crack1 :i* may wid5 into a fissure1 w take place4 ,! :ole idea ( p]man5t pa9t+1 !n1 simm]s itself d[n to "o ( s5se & judgm5t4 ,no "o has ev] se5 a ,wat] ,color pa9t+ :i* is crack$4 ,?is is due entirely to ! fact t ! pigm5t is s ?9 t x _c crack4 ,l9se$ ,oil1 :5 expos$ to ! air = sev]al ye>s1 *anges into :at is kn[n z fat oil4 ,?is is a ?ick1 ropey1 pale mat]ial ( ! consi/5cy ( honey1 & :5 us$ too freely dries ) a film simil> to t ( a )]$ apple4 ,plac$ 9 a w>m place1 in/ead ( bak+1 x %rivels up & wr9kles4 ,blakelock & ,ryd] p\r$ ?ick coats ( v>ni% ov] _! pictures :5 ! pa9t 0 insuffici5tly dry1 ) ! result t _m ( _! pa9t+s to-day %[ cracks & fissures1 due to ?is practice4 ,blakelock us$ a v heavy-bodi$ ,l9se$ ,oil1 :i* 0 s visc\s t x fl[$ d[n 9 _m places & =m$ 8curta9s10 & te>drops4 ,blakelock pa9t$ ) fat oil1 & _m ( 8 pictures %[ ?is wr9kl+ effect1 & z no v>ni% is add$ to fat oil1 ! *ances are x w rema9 absolutely p]man5t1 if us$ ?9ly or sp>+ly4 ,,madd] ,,lake ,,& ,,h>rison ,,r$ ,bo? ( ^! colors are anil9e colors & !re=e artificial4 ,!re is "s ,madd] ,lake on ! m>ket :i* is made f ! ,madd] ,root b x does n diff] f ! artificial 9 ! slighte/ degree & bo? ! natural & ! artificial are absolutely p]man5t "u normal conditions4 ,! artificial is sometimes sold "u ! "n aliz>9e4 ,madd] ,lake is transp>5t :5 us$ z a glaze & x c be mix$ ) a numb] ( pigm5ts ) :i* x does n int]act1 b x mu/ n be mix$ ) ! iron pigm5ts t conta9 wat]1 & ^! are pr9cipally all ! ,o*res & ,si5nas1 b z a glaze x may g ov] any color )\t be+ decompos$4 ,x has a record = p]man5cy ( sev]al hundr$ ye>s & is at lea/ ( ess5tial importance 9 portrait pa9t+4 ,h>rison ,r$ is r a complex anil9e color1 exce$+ly brilliant1 b x has "s defects :i* ! pa9t] %\ld "k4 ,9 ! fir/ place x ble$s v slightly1 t is to say1 if ,z9c ,:ite or ,flake ,:ite is pa9t$ ov] pure ,h>rison ,r$1 ! ,z9c or ,flake w turn a p9ki% br[n1 :i* is due to ! fact t ! l9se$ oil1 or o!r dry+ oil w absorb "p ( ! dye out ( ,h>rison ,r$4 ,! pa9t]1 !re=e1 9 us+ ,h>rison ,r$ mu/ be c>eful ( ?is defect4 ,h>rison ,r$ mu/ n be mix$ ) an iron color l ,o*re1 ,si5na1 or ,raw ,umb]1 o!rwise its brilliancy is slightly m>r$4 ,x is simil> 9 _m respects to ,deep ,v]milion1 except+ t x is _m times /rong] ?an ,v]milion4 ,x c be r$uc$ ) ,p]man5t ,:ite 7,blanc ,fixe7 )\t mat]ially less5+ its brilliancy4 ,,lakes ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ ,x seems a great pity t colors l ,c>m9e1 ,sc>let ,lake1 ,g]anium ,lake1 & doz5s ( o!r brilliant lakes ( t type1 %\ld be sold to pa9t]s4 ,! ?ree t ,i h m5tion$ w disappe> :5 expos$ to ! summ] sunlight = ?ree or f\r mon?s1 & ! pa9t] :o says he _c get along )\t ,c>m9e is simply pa9t+ = ! pres5t & los+ sight ( ! future4 ,9 clos+ ?is *apt] ,i mu/ express ! ?\ght t ! "t is n f> (f :5 e tube color w be labell$ z to its composition & z to its p]man5cy = )\t su* a guide1 ! pa9t] is liable to make s]i\s failures4 ,,pa9t+ ,,! ,,next ,,day ,_m pa9t]s f9d t 9 tak+ up p>tly pa9t$ canvases & attempt+ to cont9ue _! "w1 t fre% pa9t does n adh]e to ! pa9t rec5tly appli$4 ,?is defect is well recogniz$ among h\se pa9t]s & piano & cab9et v>ni%]s1 & !re=e x becomes necess>y to r\gh5 ! surface1 s t ! new coat ( pa9t w adh]e4 ,!re are "s m$iums on ! m>ket = ?is purpose1 b ) a little c>e no m$ium is ne$$ o!r ?an pure wat]2 & ,i h he>d ! /atem5t t by rubb+ ! surface ( a pa9t+ ) a /iff bru% t has be5 dipp$ 9 wat] & all[+ t surface to dry ?or\ghly1 new pa9t w take ov] ! old z if by magic4 ,!re is no magic 9 x :atev]4 ,all t happ5s is t !re is s mu* du/ & =eign matt] 9 ! air t x settles on e surface to a consid]able ext5t )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,:5 ?is is mix$ ) wat]1 ! du/ acts z an abrasive1 & consequ5tly ! surface is sc>ifi$ m9utely & ! pigm5t takes hold4 ,! only c>e necess>y to ex]cise is t :5 us+ pla9 wat] on any pa9t+ suffici5t "t mu/ be giv5 s t x dries out ?or\ghly1 be=e new pa9t is appli$4 ,,true ,,naples ,,yell[ ,_m ,arti/s feel t !y get results ) ,true ,naples ,yell[ t !y _c get ) any?+ else4 ,!re are a v>iety ( %ades ( ,naples ,yell[ on ! m>ket1 runn+ f a pale /raw color to r a deep ,o*re2 b1 ! ,true ,naples ,yell[1 su* z ,rembr&t us$ on ! cloak 9 ! pa9t+ ( ,hom]1 n[ hang+ 9 ! ,mauritzhuis1 has all ! fre%ness to-day t x evid5tly _h :5 x 0 pa9t$4 ,! d>k outl9es ( ?is cloak are pa9t$ ) ,o*re1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is a p]man5t color4 ,i c\ld cite _m examples ( prom95t pa9t]s :o felt t ,naples ,yell[ 0 ess5tial to _! palette4 ,!re is a picture 9 ! ,frick ,collection by ,turn]--a view ( ! h>bor ( ,dieppe2 a full sun is /&+ high 9 ! skies4 ,! upp] half ( ! sun pa9t$ ) light ,naples ,yell[ has be5 smoo!d out ) a /eel knife1 & ?is p>ticul> "p is ,gray1 :]eas ! l[] half is a light yell[i% ,:ite1 :]e x evid5tly _h n be5 t\*$ by ! knife4 ,naples ,yell[ imitation1 :i* is made by mix+ ,li?>ge1 pale ,cadmium & ,:ite1 also %[s a black or v d>k /reak :5 t\*$ ) a /eel knife4 ,x is1 !re=e1 be/ to avoid any /eel com+ 9 contact ) ?is pigm5t4 ,by itself1 g5u9e ,naples ,yell[ is exce$+ly p]man5t to light1 & :5 us$ alone & v>ni%$1 is n affect$ by gases ( any k9d4 ,z evid5ce ( ?is1 x is practically un*ang$ 9 all old pa9t+s1 ) ! exception (1 p]haps1 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury pictures1 & old] productions %[ a slight deep5+1 :i* may h be5 caus$ by ! action ( gases :]e ! pigm5t 0 unprotect$4 ,9 ,con/able's pictures ( 8 lat] p]iods1 he evid5tly us$ ,naples ,yell[ unmix$1 & app>5tly put x on ) ! aid ( a knife4 ,^! pictures ( ,con/able's only %[ a v slight deep5+4 ,,new ,,:ites ,)9 ! pa/ ye> ,:ite ,pigm5ts h made _! appe>ance ^u ! m>ket :i* bid fair to replace bo? ,z9c & ,lead ,:ites4 ,all ^! new :ites1 :i* appe> to be precipitat$ mixtures ( ,p]man5t ,:ite 7,blanc ,fixe7 & ,titanium1#ag h ne>ly d\ble ! hid+ p[] ( ,flake ,:ite1 b :at is ( great] importance is t !y are n affect$ by any ord9>y *emicals & gases & are light-pro( & sulphur-pro(4 ,f ! exp]im5ts made by ! au?or x w\ld appe> t a ,:ite ( ?is nature is absolutely safe to use1 c be mix$ ) any o!r pigm5t )\t int]action1 & :ile x dries sl[ly x does n dry ) ! brittl5ess ( ,z9c al?\gh :5 ,z9c ,:ite is mix$ ) a heavy bodi$ ,l9se$ ,oil x does n become brittle4 ,ano!r new ,:ite is ,li?opone1 :i* is a ,z9c ,b>ium comp\nd t 0 discov]$ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,:5 ?is :ite 0 fir/ exploit$ prophecies 7 made t x w\ld soon replace ,flake ,:ite1 ,:ite ,lead1 & ,z9c ,:ite1 & t x 0 ! mo/ rem>kable ,:ite t c\ld possibly be made4 ,z a matt] ( fact x has nev] replac$ any?+ because x has a p]nici\s habit ( turn+ d>k 9 ! bright sunlight & turn+ :ite aga9 9 ! d>k1 b )9 ! la/ few ye>s light-pro( ,li?opone has be5 manufactur$ & its pr9cipal use is = f\ndation :ites & = int]ior flat wall decoration4 ,x is a pigm5t t %\ld nev] be us$ = l&scape or portrait pa9t+ b may v safely be us$ = gr\nd "w4 ,,amb] ,,v>ni% ,_m pa9t]s believe t1 ow+ to ! fact t ,amb] is ! h>de/ res9 !re is1 ! v>ni% made f x %\ld reta9 its gloss ! longe/1 & be j z free f crack+ & bloom z ! natural res9 itself4 ,an exam9ation ( sev]al ( ! amb] v>ni%es on ! m>ket reveals ! fact t !re probably is no su* v>ni% made4 ,al?\gh ,amb] c be fus$ & melt$1 x takes su* a high heat t ev5 ! lighte/ gum ,amb] becomes exce$+ly d>k & !n x mu/ be dilut$ ) s mu* oil t !re is v little gum ,amb] 9 ! v>ni% itself4 ,mo/ ( ! ,amb] ,v>ni%es on ! m>ket are ,copal ,v>ni%es t conta9 little or no ,amb] at all4 ,x is v wise = ! pa9t] to keep away f mat]ials ( ?is type2 &1 if a h>d dry+ v>ni% is desir$1 any good ,copal ,v>ni% w answ] ! purpose1 al?\gh = v>ni%+ pictures1 x mu/ be cont9ually borne 9 m9d t a simple v>ni% l ,dam>1 ,ma/ic or ,s&>ac %\ld be us$2 = only ^? simple v>ni%es c be easily remov$ )\t de/roy+ ! pa9t+ itself4 ,,bloom ,x is n ! int5tion ( ! au?or to g into any diss]tation ( ! cause ( bloom2 = e v>ni% blooms m or less4 ,9 fact1 all poli%$ surfaces1 :e!r !y are v>ni%$ or n1 %[ cond5sation1 & surface deposits :i* are ! equival5t ( bloom4 ,take = example1 a mirror 9 y\r home2 or a w9d[ glass2 or a v>ni%$ piece ( furniture4 ,unless ^! are cont9ually wip$ clean !y w %[ a surface deposit1 :i* is "o type ( bloom4 ,9 pa9t+s1 bloom is ! result ( a v>iety ( causes4 ,sometimes x is due to moi/ure :i* deposits4 ,at o!r times x is due to ! action ( sulphur gases on ! *emical comp\nds 9 v>ni%2 & "o ( ! mo/ g5]al causes is a surface deposit to :i* du/ & =eign matt] adh]es4 ,"s v>ni%es1 l ,ma/ic1 bloom notori\sly2 &1 if ,ma/ic is to be us$1 x always %\ld be mix$ ) t5 p] c5t4 ( ,spike ,oil & five p] c5t4 ( heavy-bodi$ ,l9se$ ,oil4 ,?is1 9 a l>ge measure1 prev5ts ! flatt+ & bloom+ ( ,ma/ic ,v>ni%4 ,dam> ,v>ni%1 at times1 %[s ! same defect1 b n to su* a great ext5t z ,ma/ic1 & ,s&>ac1 ! latt] be+ an alcohol soluble v>ni%1 :i* %[s x lea/ ( all1 has ! defect ( crack+ v readily1 p>ticul>ly a ye> aft] x is appli$4 ,bloom c be remov$ 9 _m ways3 ,fir/1 by g5tly rubb+ ) a silk h&k]*ief1 :i* removes ! surface deposit & poli%es ! und]ly+ film ( v>ni%2 second1 by tak+ heavy bodi$ ,l9se$ ,oil1 dilut+ ) half ,turp5t9e1 & apply+ t ) g5tle rubb+1 :i* at once poli%es ! surface & removes sup]ficial adh]5t bodies2 ?ird1 by ! use ( any good1 ?9 ma*9e oil1 su* z is sold 9 ?is c\ntry "u ! "n ( 8#c ,9 #a40 ,a few drops ( ?is may be appli$ on a l95 h&k]*ief & g5tly rubb$1 b !n x mu/ be wip$ completely clean1 because x is a non-dry+ oil1 & du/ & dirt /ick to x ) great] ease ?an !y d to a dry+ oil4 ,bloom also occurs 9 damp atmosph]es1 ev5 on a pa9t+ :i* is n v>ni%$4 ,?is is due to a c]ta9 physical--*emical cause1 9 :i* ev5 dri$ ,l9se$ ,oil w absorb a c]ta9 am\nt ( moi/ure4 ,to ov]come ?is1 ! pa9t+ %\ld be plac$ 9 ! w>m sun1 wip$ clean1 & !n rev>ni%$ ) a v ?9 v>ni% ( ei!r ,ma/ic or ,dam>4 ,,repa9t+ ,_m pa9t]s & re/or]s are unc]ta9 z to :at mat]ials to use = ret\*+ & repa9t+4 ,"s use ,temp]a colors2 &1 aft] !y are dry1 !y v>ni% ! entire picture1 & ! results are usually v good4 ,) ?is exception1 ! ,temp]a colors d n *ange1 :]eas ! surr\nd+ oil pa9t+ yell[s & d>k5s 9 undue proportion to ! new color appli$4 ,! be/ me?od to pursue is to use dry pigm5ts1 :i* %\ld be rubb$1 or mull$ on a glass plate ) a mull]1 & mix$ ) dilute ,dam> ,v>ni%4 ,! *ances are t a mixture ( ?is type w dry 9 fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 & ! color c be mat*$ up ) ! surr\nd+ pa9t+ v exactly4 ,9 fill+ up cracks1 flakes & holes 9 pa9t+s1 ?is me?od is really ! be/1 because x insures mat*+1 quick dry+ & v little decomposition4 ,,re/oration ,,& ,,clean+ ,,( ,,pa9t+s ,! greate/ possible c>e 9 ! selection ( a cleans+ mat]ial mu/ be ex]cis$1 & x is always wise to take ! pa9t+ out ( ! frame & try ! effects ( v>i\s m$iums 9 "o corn]1 9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r x is safe to clean ! pa9t+ or n4 ,! fir/ requisite is to wipe (f ! pa9t+ ) a rag t has be5 soak$ 9 boil+ wat] & !n wrung out1 9 ord] to remove sup]ficial adh]5t du/ & dirt4 ,if ! pa9t+ is crack$1 x is necess>y to be exce$+ly c>eful n to let any moi/ure get ?r\gh ! cracks1 = x might s(t5 up ! glue und]nea?1 9 :i* case1 l>ge flakes may possibly curl f ! canvas4 ,aft] hav+ cleans$ ! surface ) wat] or1 if necess>y1 ) any good neutral soap wat]1 su* z ,ivory ,soap1 ,fairy ,soap2 or1 bett] /ill1 any %av+ soap1 an exp]im5t %\ld be made 9 a corn] ( ! pa9t+1 to see if x has be5 execut$ ) a dry+ oil1 l ,l9se$ ,oil1 or ,poppy ,oil4 ,! great dang] 9 ! clean+ ( pa9t+s lies 9 ! fact t if a pa9t] has us$ v>ni% z a m$ium mix$ ) 8 tube colors1 ne>ly all solv5ts w attack su* a pa9t+1 & ! greate/ tr\ble w result1 because ! pa9t itself w come (f ! surface4 ,s1 aft] hav+ e/abli%$--let u say1 = in/ance--t ! pa9t+ is a ,l9se$ ,oil pa9t+1 ! foll[+ me?ods are p]fectly safe3 ,mixtures ( equal p>ts ( ,no4 #a ,d5atur$ ,alcohol1 ,turp5t9e & ,wat]1 ?or\ghly %ak5 up1 may n[ be appli$ ) a v /iff bri/le bru%4 ,?is w remove ! v>ni% )\t di/urb+ ! film und]nea?4 ,ano!r good me?od to use is to take a s(t too? bru%1 dip x 9 ,turp5t9e & g5tly rub ! surface2 &1 if ! v>ni% is ( ! s+le solv5t type1 l ,ma/ic or ,dam>1 x w come (f p]fectly clean )\t dissolv+ ! ,l9ox9 7dry ,l9se$ ,oil film74 ,! late/ me?od is ! use ( ,isopropyl alcohol1 kn[n comm]cially z ,petrohol1 :i* w dissolve mo/ ( ! v>ni%es )\t dissolv+ ! dry ,l9se$ ,oil film4 ,isopropyl alcohol c be dilut$ ) ,turp5t9e1 ,b5z9e or ,k]os5e1 & :5 s dilut$1 c be copi\sly us$4 ,! o!r me?od to be recomm5d$ is ! use ( a mat]ial call$ ,cum5e1 or ,cumol1 :i* has ! great advantage ( dissolv+ v>ni%es )\t dissolv+ ! ,l9ox91 provid$1 ( c\rse1 x is us$ ) a little common s5se4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ! surface ( ! pa9t+ is a v delicate film1 & 9 ! re/oration ( a pa9t+ all t is necess>y is to dissolve ! sup]ficial lay] ( old yell[$ v>ni% & adh]5t dirt1 & no?+ else4 ,! au?or has made a s]ies ( modifications ( ,cum5e1 su* z "o ?ird ,cum5e1 "o ?ird ,k]os5e & "o ?ird ,d5atur$ ,alcohol1 :i* has ! advantage ( sl[+ d[n ! action to su* an ext5t t 9 case !re is ! slighte/ indication ( decomposition ( ! pa9t+ itself1 ! solv5t c be wip$ (f ) a dry clo? or a clo? soak$ 9 ,k]os5e1 & ! dissolv+ action w be /opp$ imm$iately4 ,! =ego+ description is j ! introduction to ! v>i\s me?ods employ$1 & is n int5d$ = novices or ^? unskill$ 9 ! art4 ,at all ev5ts1 great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$4 ,! au?or sup]9t5d$ ! cleans+ & re/oration ( fifte5 pa9t+s1 "s ( !m v l>ge 9 size1 :i* _h n be5 clean$ or re/or$ 9 _m ye>s1 & "s ( ^! 7 9 %ock+ly bad condition4 ,! ,isopropyl ,alcohol & ,turp5t9e me?ods 7 employ$ )\t ! slighte/ defect1 & ! v>ni% 9 e case came (f p]fectly clean1 & :5 ! pictures 7 rev>ni%$1 !y 7 re/or$ to _! pri/9e condition4 ,if x is desirable to give ! picture a pat9e ( age aft] x has be5 r5ovat$1 x is n a v difficult ?+ to d1 if a slight t+e ( a p]man5t ,br[n or ,yell[ ,lake is add$ to ! v>ni%2 b1 "u no circum/ances1 mu/ any bitum9\s or asphaltic comp\nd be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,,fram+ ,our ta/es *ange ) our culture4 ,aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 :5 ! fir/ l>ge crop ( millionaires 0 made1 all ornam5tation1 :e!r 9 picture frames1 furniture or wall decorations1 assum$ a g>i% & biz>re effect4 ,gold & brilliant colors 7 us$ lib]ally1 & to ?is day1 _m pictures are s badly fram$ t ! effect ( ! picture itself is lo/4 ,_m pa9t]s h only "o exhibition frame1 9 :i* !y %[ _! pa9t+s to prospective buy]s & o!rs1 & "s pa9t]s w n sell a pa9t+ )\t a frame1 believ+ t !y "k be/ ! k9d ( a frame be/ suit$ = ! pa9t+4 ,we are rapidly *ang+ our views on ?is subject1 =tunately1 & we are go+ back to :at ! ,dut* & ,flemi% did ?ree c5turies ago1 ( hav+ d>k frames ) a little gold or silv] ins]t4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s to ev]yone t a somb] pa9t+ 9 a six or eight in* gl>+ly brilliant yell[ gold frame1 de/roys ! value ( ! pa9t+1 = ! eye1 at all times1 lights on ! brilliant frame fir/4 ,! be/ example ( ?is is ! me?od 9 :i* et*+s are fram$4 ,y seldom see an et*+ 9 any?+ b a half or ?ree qu>t] in* flat1 d>k frame4 ,if an et*+ 7 plac$ 9 a ?ree in* gold frame1 bo? w\ld be out ( place4 ,frames %\ld always be subord9at$ to ! pa9t+4 ,a blue & :ite seascape %\ld be fram$ 9 a blui% gray frame1 :i* may h a d>k bronze m\ld+ on ! out] & inn] edge4 ,if pa9t]s want only "o frame to %[ _! "w1 let t "o frame be ( somb] hue2 o!rwise x w detract f ! pa9t+4 ,prop] fram+ is really a sci5tific /udy4 ,if ! g5]al tone ( a picture be yell[1 l a gold5 sunset1 ! complem5t>y color w\ld be a blui% gre51 & !re=e a blui% gre51 ) "s gray 9 x1 (fset by a n>r[ metal color$ m\ld+1 w\ld be ! prop] frame = a pa9t+ ( t k9d4 ,no?+ is s hide\s z brilliant gold on all ! pa9t+s 9 a room1 & _m a museum is spoil$ ?r\gh ! glossy1 inh>moni\s effects ( ! conglom]ate masses ( frames1 :i* detract f ! color value ( a pa9t+4 ,a little c>e & /udy on ?is subject w frequ5tly enhance ! "w 9 "q4 ,books = ! ,craftsman ,we c always supply any book on ! ,manual ,arts--:e!r x is issu$ by u or by any o!r publi%]4 ,our /ock ( ^! books is complete & our facilities = fill+ y\r ord]s promptly & c>efully are unsurpass$4 ,s5d y\r inquiries to u4 ,a reque/ w br+ our v>i\s catalogs4 ,d4 ,,van ,,no/r& ,,co4 #h ,w>r5 ,/reet ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,footnotes3 #a ,mat]ials = ,p]man5t ,pa9t+1 by ,maximilian ,to*1 publi%$ by ,d4 ,van ,no/r& ,company 7#aiaa71 ,new ,york4 #b ,madd] ,lake & ,aliz>9 ,lake are ! same1 except+ 9 "n4 #c ,z9nob] is ,g]man = ,v]milion4 #d ,*emi/ry & ,te*nology ( ,pa9ts1 ,maximilian ,to*4 ,d4 ,van ,no/r& ,company 7#aiaf72 pp4 #bed-bei4 #e ,con/ant ,:ite is also sold "u ! 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