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fun ( plann+ & do+ ! ?+s ,i h describ$1 b y w at ! same "t pick up a lot ( in=mation &1 :at is ( f> m value1 y\r bra9 & eyes & h&s w le>n to "w toge!r l a dynamo direct connect$ to an eng9e1 & !n y c dep5d on !m to s]ve y well :5ev] ! occasion may arise4 ,a4 ,,fr$]ick ,,coll9s4 8,! ,antl]s10 ,cong]s1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,c>p5try ,,"w ,,& ,,cab9et ,,mak+ #a ,,! ,,tools ,,y ,,ne$ -- ,,! ,,k9ds ,,( ,,tools -- ,,"s ,,h9ts ,,on ,,us+ ,,tools ,h[ to ,hold a ,hamm] -- ,h[ to ,use a ,saw -- ,h[ to ,use a ,plane -- ,h[ to ,use ,*isels & ,g\ges -- ,h[ to ,use a ,brace & ,bit -- ,h[ to ,use a ,rule -- ,h[ to ,use a ,m>k+ ,gauge -- ,h[ to ,use ,h& ,screws & ,clamps -- ,h[ to ,use a ,nail ,set -- ,h[ to ,use a ,gimlet -- ,h[ to ,drive ,nails & ,screws -- ,h[ to ,make a ,glue-,pot -- ,h[ to ,make ,good ,glue & ,h[ to ,use ,x ,,h[ ,,to ,,%>p5 ,,y\r ,,tools ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,saws -- ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,*isels & ,plane ,bits -- ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,aug] ,bits ,,h[ ,,to ,,take ,,c>e ,,( ,,y\r ,,tools -- ,,remov+ ,,ru/ ,,f ,,tools -- ,,to ,,et* ,,y\r ,,"n ,,on ,,tools -- ,,k9ds ,,( ,,wood ,,to ,,use ,p9e2 ,c$>2 ,mahogany2 ,oak2 ,bir*2 ,walnut ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,jo9ts ,edge ,jo9ts -- ,corn] ,jo9ts ,,ab\t ,,work+ ,,draw+s -- ,,?+s ,,= ,,y ,,to ,,make ,h[ to ,make a ,"w ,b5* -- ,h[ to ,make a ,tool ,*e/ ,,ii4 ,,scroll ,,saw+1 ,,wood ,,turn+1 ,,wood ,,c>v+1 ,,etc4 #bd ,,all ,,ab\t ,,scroll ,,saw+ ,,scroll ,,saw+ ,,outfits -- ,a ,,*eap ,,scroll ,,saw+ ,,outfit ,h[ to ,use ! ,scroll ,saw ,a ,,few ,,o!r ,,helpful ,,?+s ,a ,h& ,saw-,table -- ,files = ,scroll ,"w -- ,a ,twi/ ,drill ,/ock -- ,a ,pair ( ,pli]s -- ,a ,small ,hamm] -- ,scroll ,saw ,blades ,,h[ ,,to ,,trace ,a ,,design ,,on ,,wood -- ,,designs ,,= ,,scroll ,,saw+ -- ,,foot-,,p[] ,,scroll ,,saws ,! ,cricket ,scroll ,saw -- ,! ,le/] ,scroll saw -- ,! ,fleetwood ,scroll ,saw ,,h[ ,a ,,foot-,,p[] ,,scroll ,,saw ,,works -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,saw ,,on ,a ,,foot-,,p[] ,,scroll ,,saw -- ,,fancy ,,woods ,,= ,,scroll ,,saw ,,outfits -- ,,table ,,( ,,scroll ,,saw ,,woods -- ,,trimm+s ,,= ,,boxes1 ,,etc4 ,,turn+ ,,9 ,,wood ,,get ,a ,,la! ,,fir/ ,h[ a ,la! is ,made ,,! ,,*eape/ ,,la! ,,y ,,c ,,buy ,atta*m5ts = ! ,companion ,la! ,,turn+ ,,tools ,,= ,,wood -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,turn ,,wood ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,wood ,,c>v+ ,,y\r ,,set ,,( ,,c>v+ ,,tools -- ,,! ,,be/ ,,woods ,,= ,,c>v+ -- ,,k9ds ,,( ,,wood ,,c>v+ ,*ip ,c>v+ -- ,panel ,c>v+ -- ,c>v+ 9 ,solid ,wood ,,pyrography1 ,,or ,,wood ,,burn+ ,,! ,,necess>y ,,tools ,h[ to ,make an ,et*+ ,tool -- ,h[ to ,make an ,alcohol ,lamp -- ,a ,bett] ,outfit -- ,ab\t ! ,designs -- ,h[ to ,burn 9 ! ,designs ,,color+ ,,& ,,/a9+ ,,wood ,:]e to ,buy ,/a9s -- ,ebony ,/a9 -- ,fum$ ,oak ,,iii4 ,,metals ,,& ,,metal ,,work+ #ef ,,y\r ,,kit ,,( ,,tools -- ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,tools -- ,,"s ,,h9ts ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,tools ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,tools ,,metals ,,& ,,_! ,,uses ,iron ,wr\ght ,iron ,/eel ,t9 ,z9c ,lead ,copp] ,alum9um ,a ,,few ,,useful ,,alloys ,brass ,type-,metal ,pewt] ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,metal ,,"w -- ,,fir/ ,,sket* ,,y\r ,,ideas -- ,,%eet ,,metal ,,"w ,cutt+ & ,saw+ -- ,mak+ ,seams & ,jo9ts ,,h[ ,,to ,,sold] ,,metals ,fluxes ,sold]s ,,bolts ,,& ,,rivets -- ,,b5d+ ,,%eet ,,metal -- ,,f9i%+ ,,up ,,metals -- ,,color+ ,,metals ,blu+ ,/eel -- ,blu+ ,brass -- ,giv+ ,brass a ,gre5 ,color -- ,giv+ ,brass a ,dull ,look -- ,fro/+ ,brass ,articles -- ,lacqu]+ ,brass & ,copp] -- ,h[ to ,make ! ,lacqu] ,,iv4 ,,v5etian ,,iron1 ,,rep\ss1 ,,pi]c$ ,,brass ,,& ,,pewt] ,,"w #gf ,,v5etian ,,b5t ,,iron ,,"w ,,! ,,tools ,,y ,,mu/ ,,h -- ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,y ,,ne$ -- ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,fir/ ,mak+ a ,simple ,design ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,toa/] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,egg ,,boil] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,v5etian ,,plate ,,hold] ,a ,dead ,black ,f9i% = ,iron ,"w ,,do+ ,,rep\ss ,,"w ,,tools ,,ne$$ ,,= ,,rep\ss ,,"w -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,prep>e ,,! ,,"w -- ,,trac+ ,,! ,,design -- ,,boss+ ,,! ,,"w -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,flat ,,c&le/ick -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,photo ,,frame ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ,metal ,"w -- ,f9i%+1 ,color+ & ,lacqu]+ ,metals ,,pi]c$ ,,metal ,,"w ,,! ,,outfit ,,to ,,d ,,x ,,) -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,! ,,"w ,,ca/+ ,,& ,,work+ ,,pewt] ,,some?+ ,,ab\t ,,pewt] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,pewt] -- ,,ab\t ,,work+ ,,pewt] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,ca/ ,,pewt] -- ,,! ,,patt]ns ,,necess>y -- ,,mak+ ,,! ,,mold -- ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,w>e ,,engrav+ ,,on ,,metal ,,! ,,tools ,,t ,,are ,,us$ -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,engrave ,,on ,,metal ,v4 ,,draw+ ,,simply ,,expla9$ #ajc ,,free-,,h& ,,draw+ ,,tal5t ,,v]sus ,,practice -- ,,pictures ,,= ,,y ,,to ,,draw -- ,,simple ,,l9e ,,sket*es -- ,,sket*+ ,,simple ,,outl9e ,,figures -- ,,! ,,proportions ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,figure -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,,faces -- ,,sket*+ ,,/ill ,,life ,,objects -- ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,p]spective ,! ,vani%+ ,po9t ,,h[ ,,to ,,%ade ,a ,,draw+ ,,work+ ,,draw+s ,,draw+ ,,tools ,,y ,,%\ld ,,h -- ,,simple ,,work+ ,,draw+s ,mak+ ,pla9 ,draw+s -- ,isometric ,p]spective ,draw+s ,,"s ,,simple ,,aids ,,to ,,draw+ ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,a ,,circle -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,a ,,spiral -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,,an ,,ellipse -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,& ,,use ,a ,,pantagraph -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,reflect+ ,,draw+ ,,bo>d -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,trac+s -- ,,to ,,make ,,la/+ ,,impressions -- ,,! ,,anci5t ,,& ,,honor$ ,,art ,,( ,,cutt+ ,,silh\ettes -- ,,transf] ,,pictures ,,( ,,decalcomania ,h[ to ,transf] ! ,pictures ,,vi4 ,,"s ,,k9ks ,,9 ,,photography #aca ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,blue ,,pr9ts ,! ,mat]ials ,requir$ ,,ano!r ,,k9d ,,( ,,contact ,,pr9t+ ,to ,tone & ,fix ! ,pictures -- ,receipt = a ,comb9$ ,ton+ & ,fix+ ,solution ,,! ,,simple/ ,,k9d ,,( ,a ,,cam]a -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,develop ,a ,,dry ,,plate ,h[ to ,make ! ,develop] -- ,h[ to ,make a ,fix+ ,ba? ,a ,,good ,,& ,,*eap ,,cam]a -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,enl>g+ ,,app>atus -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,enl>gem5t ,a ,develop] = ,bromide ,pap] ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,reflectoscope ,h[ to ,use ! ,reflectoscope ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,magic ,,lant]n ,h[ to ,"w ! ,lant]n ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,lant]n ,,slides -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,radium ,,photographs ,,trick ,,photography ,,_s ,,photographs -- ,,"o ,,way ,,to ,,cat* ,,big ,,fi% -- ,,tak+ ,,c>icature ,,photographs ,,vii4 ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,its ,,alli$ ,,arts #aeg ,,k9ds ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,presses -- ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,a ,,self-,,ink+ ,,press -- ,,h[ ,,! ,,press ,,works -- ,,sizes ,,& ,,prices ,,( ,,presses -- ,,! ,,outfit ,,y ,,ne$ ,outfit = a #c #e ,press -- ,outfit = a #e #h ,press -- ,outfit = an #h #aj ,press ,,ab\t ,,type ,,& ,,type ,,sett+ ,relative ,numb] ( ,type ,lett]s -- ,/yles ( ,type -- ,! ,p>ts ( a ,type -- ,! ,sizes ( ,type -- ,table ( ,type ,sizes -- ,y\r ,type ,cases -- ,sett+ ! ,type ,,mak+ ,,ready -- ,,pr9t+ ,,! ,,job -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,clean ,,type -- ,,ab\t ,,di/ribut+ ,,type -- ,,! ,,ink ,,& ,,roll]s -- ,,pr9t+ ,,9 ,,colors -- ,,pr9t+ ,,9 ,,gold -- ,,& ,,f9ally ,,y\r ,,/ock ,,supply ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,pap] ,,mak+ ,,:at ,,pap] ,,is -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,pap] ,mak+ ! ,pulp -- ,! ,molds ,y ,ne$ -- ,lay+ ! ,pap] ,,siz+ ,,& ,,f9i%+ ,,h[ ,,to ,,b9d ,,books ,mak+ ! ,cov] -- ,sew+ ! ,book -- ,putt+ on ! title ,,viii4 ,,rubb] ,,/amps1 ,,die ,,s9k+1 ,,burn+ ,,br&s ,,& ,,/5cils #ahc ,,rubb] ,,/amps ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,rubb] ,,/amps ,! ,mat]ials ,ne$$ ,,mak+ ,,! ,,mold -- ,,vulcaniz+ ,,! ,,rubb] -- ,,m\nt+ ,,! ,,rubb] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,rubb] ,,/amp ,h[ to ,make an ,ink ,pad ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,rubb] ,,/amp ,,ink -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,copygraph ,,pad -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,copy ,a ,,lett] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,hectograph ,,inks ,,die ,,s9k+ ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,badges1 ,,"n ,,plates1 ,,etc4 -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,s9k ,,! ,,lett]s -- ,,f9i%+ ,,up ,,! ,,badge ,,burn+ ,,br&s ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,burn+ ,,br& ,h[ to ,use ! ,burn+ ,br& ,,/5cils ,,h[ ,,to ,,cut ,,/5cils ,cutt+ ,pap] ,/5cils -- ,cutt+ ,brass ,/5cils -- ,h[ to ,use ,practical ,/5cils -- ,h[ to ,make ,/5cil ,ink -- ,h[ to ,use ,decorative ,/5cils -- ,mix+ ,colors = ,/5cil+ ,bord]s ,,ix4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,work+ ,,glass #bjb ,,:at ,,glass ,,is -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,cut ,,glass -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,glass ,,cutt] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,f9i% ,,(f ,,glass ,,edges -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,drill ,,holes ,,9 ,,glass -- ,a ,,c\ple ,,( ,,ways ,,to ,,cut ,,glass ,,tub+ -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,cut ,,glass ,,disks -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,b5d ,,glass ,,tub+ ,:at a ,buns5 ,burn] ,is ,,h[ ,,to ,,bl[ ,,glass -- ,,to ,,r\nd ,,! ,,ends ,,( ,,tubes -- ,,to ,,bord] ,,! ,,ends ,,( ,,tubes -- ,,to ,,seal ,,"o ,,end ,,( ,a ,,tube -- ,,to ,,make ,a ,,glass ,,nozzle -- ,,to ,,make ,a ,,hole ,,9 ,a ,,tube -- ,,to ,,jo9 ,,two ,,tubes ,,( ,,! ,,same ,,size -- ,,to ,,jo9 ,a ,,tube ,,to ,,! ,,side ,,( ,,ano!r ,,tube -- ,,to ,,bl[ ,a ,,bulb ,,on ,,! ,,end ,,( ,a ,,tube ,h[ to ,make a ,bl[pipe -- ,h[ to ,bl[ a ,bulb ,,h[ ,,to ,,et* ,,glass ,! ,s& ,bla/ ,process -- ,h[ to ,make ,gr\nd ,glass -- ,! ,acid ,process ,,h[ ,,to ,,cem5t ,,glass -- ,a ,,simple ,,way ,,to ,,fro/ ,,glass ,,sub/itutes ,,= ,,glass ,mica ,gelat9e ,,h[ ,,to ,,silv] ,a ,,mirror ,x4 ,,toys ,,= ,,! ,,kiddies #bbg ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,policeman',s ,,puzzle -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,automobile ,,truck -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,swell ,,coa/] -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,nifty ,,:eelb>r[ -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,high-,,l[ ,,sw+ -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,/ick ,,horse -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pony ,,& ,,c>t -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,life-,,l ,,goose -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,danc+ ,,sambo -- ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,wireless ,,pup ,,xi4 ,,home ,,made ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts #beb ,,! ,,musical ,,co9s ,h[ to ,make ,!m -- ,h[ to ,play ,!m ,,! ,,musical ,,tomato ,,cans ,h[ to ,make ,!m -- ,to ,play ! ,musical ,tomato ,cans ,,! ,,musical ,,glasses ,h[ to ,make ,!m -- ,h[ to ,play ! ,glasses ,,! ,,tubul> ,,h>p ,h[ to ,make ,x -- ,h[ to ,play ! ,h>p ,,! ,,musical ,,pu% ,,pipe ,h[ to ,make ,x -- ,h[ to ,play ! ,pu% ,pipe ,,! ,,curi\s ,,xylophone ,h[ to ,make ,x -- ,h[ to ,play ! ,xylophone ,,! ,,peculi> ,,tubaphone ,h[ to ,make ,x -- ,h[ to ,play ! ,tubaphone ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,*imes ,h[ to ,make ,!m -- ,h[ to ,play ! ,ca!dral ,*imes ,,! ,,aeolian ,,h>p ,h[ to ,make ,x -- ,h[ ! ,w9d ,plays ,x ,,an ,,egyptian ,,fiddle ,h[ to ,make ,x -- ,h[ to ,make ! ,b[ ,,xii4 ,,"s ,,ev5+ ,,ent]ta9m5ts #bgd ,,c>toons ,,:ile ,,y ,,wait ,draw+ ! ,c>toons ,,?irty ,,m9utes ,,( ,,*emi/ry -- ,,! ,,my/ic ,,glass ,,( ,,milk -- ,,! ,,magic ,,f\nta9 -- ,,! ,,vici\s ,,soap ,,bubbles -- ,,! ,,uncanny ,,:eel -- ,,giv+ ,a ,,travelogue -- ,,an ,,electrical ,,soir,e -- ,,demon/rat+ ,,electricity ,,)\t ,,app>atus ,! ,electrifi$ ,pap]s -- ,h[ to ,electrify a ,p]son -- ,h[ ,l ,repels ,l ,,mak+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,app>atus ,! ,induction1 or ,sp>k ,coil -- ,demon/rat+ ,wireless ,telegraphy ,,read+ ,,palms ,,= ,,fun ,h[ to ,read ,palms ,a ,,talk ,,on ,,! ,,/eam ,,eng9e ,mak+ ! ,model ,eng9e ,,h[ ,,! ,,eng9e ,,works ,,illu/rations ,,page ,a ,model ,eng9e1 ,%[+ ! ,pr9cipal ,work+ ,p>ts ,frontispiece ,"s ,useful ,wood ,work+ ,tools #c ,a ,few ,m ,common ,wood ,work+ ,tools #e ,a ,clamp ,(t5 ,comes 9 ,h&y #g ,h[ ,edge ,jo9ts ,are ,made #ag ,h[ ,corn] ,jo9ts ,are ,made #ai ,an ,easily ,made ,"w ,b5* #bj ,a ,wood ,vise = ,y\r ,"w ,b5* #ba ,a ,c>p5t]'s ,tool ,*e/ #bb ,! ,tray = ,y\r ,tool ,*e/ #bc ,a ,simple & ,*eap ,saw+ ,outfit #be ,! ,"r ,way to ,use a ,h& ,scroll ,saw #bg ,a ,h& ,scroll ,saw ,table #bh ,"s ,necess>y ,scroll ,saw+ ,tools #bi ,me*anical ,ma/]pieces ,made ,) a ,scroll ,saw #ca ,! ,*eape/ ,foot-p[] ,scroll ,saw ,made #cb ,! ,le/] ,scroll ,saw ) ,turn+ ,la! ,atta*m5t #cc ,! ,fleetwood ,scroll ,saw #cd ,! ,*ief ,p>ts ( a ,turn+ ,la! #cg ,! ,*eape/ ,wood ,turn+ ,la! ,made #ci ,a ,set ( ,wood ,turn+ ,tools #da ,putt+ ! ,r\gh ,wood 9 ! ,la! #db ,! ,"r ,way to ,hold a ,wood ,work+ ,tool #db ,siz+ ! ,turn$ ,"w #dc ,k9ds & ,sweeps ( ,c>v+ ,tools #de ,m>k]s = ,/amp+ 9 ,backgr\nds #df ,s*emes = ,hold+ ,"w ,:5 ,c>v+ #df ,k9ds ( ,c>v+ #dh ,a ,c>v$ ,wat* ,case ,hold] #di ,! ,tool ,us$ = ,pyrography #eb ,an ,outfit t ,burns ,b5z9e ,vapor #ec ,h[ ! ,tool is ,heat$ #ed ,burn+ 9 ! ,design #ed ,! ,*ief ,metal ,work+ ,tools #eh ,"s ,o!r ,metal ,work+ ,tools #ei ,h[ ,metal ,seams & ,jo9ts are ,made #gj ,mat]ials ,y ,ne$ = ,v5etian ,iron ,"w #gg ,a ,useful ,b5t ,iron ,toa/] #gi ,h[ to ,make an ,egg ,boil] #hj ,an ,arti/ic ,v5etian ,plate ,hold] #ha ,a ,sconce = a ,c&le #hc ,h[ to ,hold a ,rep\ss ,hamm] #hd ,a ,pun* & ,pun* ,designs = ,rep\ss ,"w #he ,h[ to ,hold a ,rep\ss ,pun* #he ,a ,rep\ss ,c&le/ick #hg ,a ,rep\ss ,photo ,frame #hi ,! ,tools ,y ,ne$ = ,pi]c$ ,brass ,"w #ij ,a ,pi]c$ ,brass ,c&le ,%ade #ia ,a ,pi]c$ ,brass ,toa/ ,sign #ic ,iron ,ladle = ,melt+ ,pewt] #ie ,h[ a ,pewt] ,ca/+ is ,made #if ,home ,made ,pewt] ,w>e #ih ,tools = ,engrav+ on ,metal #ii ,h[ to ,hold a ,grav] #ajj ,an ,engrav+ on a ,%eet ( ,copp] #aja ,a ,simple ,l9e ,draw+ ( a ,man & a ,horse #ajd ,a ,simple ,outl9e ,draw+ ( a ,box] & a ,race ,horse #aje ,! ,proportions ( ! ,human ,body #ajf ,a ,full ,view ( ! ,face #ajg ,a ,pr(ile ,view ( ! ,face #ajh ,! ,vani%+ ,po9ts ( a ,p]spective ,draw+ #aji ,h[ to ,f9d ! ,vani%+ ,po9t #aaj ,! ,vani%+ ,po9ts ,put to ,use #aaa ,! ,draw+ ,tools ,y ,ne$ #aab ,! ,t ,squ>e & ,triangle on ! ,draw+ ,bo>d #aad ,! ,plan ,draw+ = a ,box #aae ,! ,box ,drawn 9 ,isometric ,p]spective #aaf ,h[ ! ,l9es = ,isometric ,draw+s are ,made #aag ,a ,%eet ( ,isometric ,draw+ ,pap] #aah ,! ,proportions ( an ,isometric ,ellipse #aai ,h[ to ,draw a ,circle ) a ,?read #abj ,h[ to ,draw a ,spiral ) a ,?read #aba ,h[ to ,draw an ,ellipse ) a ,?read #abb ,h[ a ,pantagraph is ,made & ,us$ #abb ,h[ a ,reflect+ ,draw+ ,bo>d is ,made & ,us$ #abc ,a ,la/+ ,c>bon 7,soot7 ,impression ( ,y\r ,h& #abe ,silh\ettes ( ,y\r ,great-,gr&-pa & ,great-,gr&-ma 7,:5 ,!y ,7 ,"y7 #abg ,a ,photo ,pr9t+ ,frame #aca ,an ,easily ,made ,p9-hole ,cam]a #ace ,! ,p9-hole ,cam]a ,complete ) ,clo? & ,rubb] ,b&s #acg ,two ,*eap & ,good ,cam]as #aci ,a ,home-made ,enl>g+ ,app>atus #ada ,a ,home-made ,enl>g+ ,app>atus #adc ,a ,home-made ,enl>g+ ,app>atus #add ,a ,*eaply ,made ,reflectoscope #ade ,a ,cross ,section ,top ,view ( ! ,reflectoscope #adf ,! ,reflectoscope ,ready = ,use #adg ,! ,p>ts ( a ,home-made ,magic ,lant]n #adi ,! ,magic ,lant]n ,ready = ,use #aej ,a ,photograph ( a ,co9 ,made ) ,radium #aeb ,"o ,way to ,cat* a ,cod #aee ,h[ ,c>icatures are ,made #aef ,a ,model ,self-ink+ ,pr9t+ ,press #aei ,an ,outfit = a ,model ,press #afb ,! ,p>ts ( a ,type #afe ,h[ ! ,type ,cases are ,arrang$ #afg ,! ,upp] ,case #afh ,! ,l[] ,case #afh ,h[ to ,hold a ,compos+ ,/ick #afi ,putt+ a ,/ick ( ,type 9 ! ,*ase #agj ,tools = ,lock+ ,up a ,*ase #aga ,a ,frame = ,pap] ,mak+ #agg ,h[ to ,cut ,bo>ds & ,clo? = ,book ,b9d+ #agi ,sew+ on ! ,musl9 ,flap #ahj ,! ,b\nd ,book ,complete #aha ,! ,matrix ,frame1 ,*ase & ,bo>ds = ,mak+ ,rubb] ,/amps #ahd ,! ,type 9 ! ,*ase4 ,pla/] ( ,p>is ,impression 9 ! ,matrix ,frame #ahf ,! ,matrix ) ! ,rubb] ,gum 9 ,place ,ready to ,vulcanize #ahg ,! ,rubb] ,/amp ,ready to ,use #ahh ,pull+ an ,impression f ! ,copygraph #aia ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,mak+ a ,badge #aib ,! ,badge on a ,flat-iron 9 a ,vise4 ,s9k+ 9 ! ,lett]s #aic ,/eel ,lett]s & ,figures = ,die ,s9k+ #aid ,la/ ,/eps 9 ,mak+ a ,badge #aie ,a ,burn+ ,br& ( ,iron or ,copp] #aig ,/5cil ,lett]s & ,/5cils #aii ,glass ,cutt]s #bjd ,! ,"r ,way to ,hold a ,diamond ,po9t ,glass ,cutt] #bje ,h[ to ,cut a ,pane ( ,glass #bje ,a ,cutt] = ,glass ,tubes #bjg ,a ,circul> ,glass ,cutt] #bjh ,k9ds ( ,buns5 ,burn]s #baj ,bord]+ ! ,end ( a ,tube #baa ,seal+ ,(f ! ,end ( a ,tube #bab ,h[ to ,make a ,hole 9 a ,tube #bab ,weld+ ,two ,tubes ,toge!r4 ,mak+ a ,t ,tube #bac ,a ,regul> ,bl[-,pipe #bad ,cross ,section ( a ,home-made ,bl[-pipe #bae ,! ,glass ,bl[+ ,arrangem5t ,ready to ,use #baf ,a ,regul> ,foot ,bell[s #bag ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,bl[+ a ,glass ,bulb #bah ,mak+ a ,?ick ,r+ ( ,glass #bah ,la/ ,/ep 9 ,bl[+ a ,glass ,bulb #bai ,"p ( ! ,app>atus = ,s& ,bla/ ,et*+ #bbj ,s& ,bla/ ,app>atus ,put ,toge!r ,ready = ,et*+ #bba ,et*+ ,glass ) ,acid #bbc ,a ,policeman's ,puzzle1 or ,n[ ,w ,y ,be ,good #bbh ,plans = ! ,automobile ,truck #bbi ,! ,automobile ,truck ,ready to ,run #bcj ,plans = a ,swell ,coa/] #bca ,! ,coa/] ,ready to ,ride ,on #bcb ,plans = ! ,nifty ,:eelb>r[4 ,! ,b>r[ ,ready to ,:eel #bcd ,plans = ! ,high-l[ ,sw+ #bcf ,! ,sw+ ,ready to ,sw+ ,l[1 ,sw+ ,high #bcg ,ride a ,/ick ,horse to ,banbury ,cross #bch ,plans = a ,pony & ,c>t4 ,! ,pony & ,c>t ,:5 ,done #bdj ,h[ ! ,life-l ,goose is ,made #bda ,goosie1 ,goosie ,g&]1 ,:]e ,%all ,i ,w&] #bdb ,! ,danc+ ,sambo #bdc ,! ,me*anism ( ! ,danc+ ,sambo #bdd ,! ,wireless ,pup1 ! ,slot 9 ! ,floor ( ! ,dog ,h\se #bde ,! ,back ,end ( ! ,dog ,h\se #bdf ,! ,spank] ) ,electric ,sol5oid ,control #bdg ,cross ,section ,side ,view ( ! ,wireless ,pup ,ready = ,action #bdh ,! ,front ,end ,view ( ! ,wireless ,pup ,h\se #bdi ,:5 ,y ,call ! ,wireless ,pup or ,clap ,y\r ,h&s ,he ,comes ,out ( ,8 ,dog ,h\se 9 a ,hurry #bej ,! ,musical ,co9 #bec ,h[ to ,hold ! ,musical ,co9 to ,sp9 ,x #bed ,! ,*op9 ,tomato ,c #bee ,! ,musical ,glasses #beg ,! ,h>p ( a ,?\s& ,?rills #beh ,h[ to ,play ! ,h>p #bei ,p>ts ( a ,musical ,pu% ,pipe #bfa ,h[ ! ,pu% ,pipe is ,play$ #bfc ,a ,xylophone4 ,! ,b>s are ,made ( ,wood #bfd ,a ,tubaphone4 ,! ,b>s are ,made ( ,metal ,tubes #bfe ,! ,ca!dral ,*imes #bff ,! ,h>p ( ,aeolus #bfh ,plans = an ,egyptian ,fiddle #bga ,h[ ! ,b[ is ,made #bgb ,h[ ! ,fiddle is ,play$ #bgc ,h[ an ,easel is ,made #bgf ,fir/ ,pr9ciples ( ,c>toon+ #bgh ,?ree ,simple ,c>toons t ,y ,c ,d #bgi ,! ,oracle ( ,amor1 or ,are ,y 9 ,love8 #bhj ,! ,my/ic ,f\nta9 #bhb ,mak+ ,hydrog5 ,*loride ,gas #bhc ,! ,vici\s ,soap ,bubbles #bhe ,! ,uncanny ,:eel #bhg ,! ,electrifi$ ,pap]s #bia ,a ,simple ,wireless ,demon/ration ,set #bid ,cross ,section ( ! ,coh]] ,%[+ ,its ,con/ruction #bie ,! ,p>ts ( ! ,h& ,nam$ ,accord+ to ,sci5ce #bif ,! ,p>ts ( ! ,h& ,nam$ ,accord+ to ,palmi/ry #bih ,work+ ,draw+s = ! ,demon/ration ,/eam ,eng9e4 ,cross ,section ,side ,view ( ! ,eng9e #cjb ,end ,view ( ! ,eng9e4 ,! ,crank ,%aft4 ,! ,rock] ,arm #cjd ,top ,view ( ! ,eng9e #cjf ,! ,/eam ,eng9e ,ready to ,demon/rate #cji ,,h&icraft ,,= ,,boys ,,*apt] ,i ,,c>p5try ,,"w ,,& ,,cab9et ,,mak+ ,did y ev] ?9k ab\t :at y'd d if y 7 %ipwreck$ on a tropical isl& l ,rob9son ,crusoe8 ,well1 if y _h a good1 /rong pocket-knife ) y x w\ldn't be s t]ribly bad & 9 a few mon?s' "t y'd h fa%ion$ all ! ?+s y'd ne$ to furni% a ?ree-room palmetto bungal[4 ,to be sure y\r furniture w\ldn't be v highly f9i%$ b x w\ld be awfully arti/ic & :ile 9 a civiliz$ community x might be look$ ^u z a r>e exhibit ( savage workman%ip1 x w\ld s]ve y nobly & well 9 y\r isl& home4 ,b y don't h to be m>oon$ on a lonely isle or limit$ to ! use ( a jack-knife to %[ y\r pr[ess z a work] 9 wood4 ,all y ne$ to d is to get "s out ( ! way room :]e !re is pl5ty ( light = a work%op & buy a few good tools to "w ) & y'll take z ke5 a pleasure 9 mak+ useful ?+s ) y\r own h&s z ,rob9son ,crusoe did4 ,! ,tools ,y ,ne$4--,x is a great mi/ake to g out & buy a *eap *e/ ( tools ( :atev] size = :ile !re is always a l>ge numb] ( tools 9 x !y are usually ( a v poor quality4 ,if y c af=d to buy a *e/ ( good tools & w get !m ( a regul> tool supply h\se y c !n buy a *e/ ( tools safely4 ,n[ to make any ord9>y piece ( woodwork y don't ne$ _m tools b ea* "o %\ld be ! v be/1 = !re9 half ! pleasure lies4 ,! ,k9d ( ,tools4--,! tools us$ = cab9et mak+1 z ! f9] k9ds ( jo9]y are call$1 are exactly ! same z ^? us$ = c>p5try ?\gh !y are usually kept a little %>p] & !re %\ld be a few m ( !m4 ,all ! tools y w ne$ at fir/ are %[n 9 ,figs4 #a & #b & ^! are 7#a7 a ca/-/eel1 adze-eye1 bell-fac$ hamm]#a weigh+ ab\t #i ounces1 :i* is a regul> c>p5t]'s hamm]4 7#b7 ,a mallet1 made ( hickory1 ) a #b in* face & try to get "o 9 :i* ! h&le goes cle> ?r\gh ! head & is w$g$ 94 #a ,! ,ohio ,tool ,company makes good hamm]s4 7#c7 ,f\r saws1#b namely 7a7 a #af in* crosscut saw--usually call$ a h&saw--:i* is us$ = saw+ (f bo>ds across ! gra91 7b7 a #bj in* rip-saw1 = saw+ ) ! gra9 s t a bo>d c be saw$ l5g?wise1 7c7 a back saw or mit] saw z x is sometimes call$2 x is ab\t #ab in*es long & has ab\t #bj tee? to ! in* s t x makes a v f9e & smoo? cut4 7d7 ,a compass saw2 x has a n>r[1 tap]+ blade ab\t #aj in*es long & is us$ to cut out holes 9 bo>ds1 & to cut disks1 or :eels ( wood4 ,! blade ( a keyhole saw is ?9n] & n>r[] ?an a compass saw &1 h5ce1 small] holes & %ort] curves c be cut ) x ?an ) a compass saw4 #b ,dis/on saws are ! k9d to get4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,saw ,a ,,bo>d ,a ,,c>p5t]',s ,,hamm] ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,,x ,,saw+ ,,(f ,a ,,/rip ,,) ,a ,,back ,,saw ,,& ,,mit] ,,box ,,:]e ,a ,,compass ,,saw ,,comes ,,9 ,,h&y ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,smoo?+ ,,plane ,a ,,firm] ,,*isel ,,9 ,,use ,,fig4 #a4 ,,"s ,,useful ,,wood ,,work+ ,,tools 7#d7 ,a mit] box 7pron\nc$ mi-t]7 is a little tr\gh ( wood =m$ ( a bottom ) two sides screw$ to x b )\t a top or ends4 ,! sides ( ! box h saw-cuts 9 !m1 or k]fs z !y are call$1 at angles ( #de & #ij degrees s t /rips ( wood1 mold+ & ! l c be saw$ accurately across1 or mit]$1 to make a corn] jo9t4 7#e7 ,?ree planes#c & ^! are 7a7 a block plane = small light "w2 7b7 a smoo?+ plane :i* is a little long] & has a h&le & is set f9e1 t is ! bit1 or blade is f9ely adju/$ = f9i%+ "w2 & 7c7 a jack-plane1 :i* is a l>ge plane us$ = plan+ (f r\gh surfaces4 #c ,i l ,/anley planes ! be/4 7#f7 ,?ree *isels1#d or firm] *isels z !y are call$4 ,^! are regul> flat1 bevel-edg$ c>p5t]'s *isels & ! blades %\ld be 1 1 & in* wide1 respectively4 #d ,buck ,bro!rs are not$ = _! *isels4 7#g7 ,?ree g\ges1#e or firm] g\ges1 to give !m _! full "n4 ,^! g\ges are simply *isels ) curv$ cutt+ edges s t a r\nd$ groove c be cut 9 a bo>d4 ,get !m ) blades hav+ 1 & in* regul> sweep1 z ! curve ( ! cutt+ edge is call$4 #e ,buck ,bro!rs' g\ges are also good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bor+ ,a ,,hole ,,) ,a ,,brace ,,& ,,bit ,,! ,,screw ,,driv] ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,x ,,h[ ,,! ,,try ,,squ>e ,,is ,,us$ ,a ,,nail ,,set ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,,x ,,us+ ,a ,,m>k+ ,,gauge ,,! ,,"r ,,way ,,to ,,%>p5 ,a ,,*isel ,,fig4 #b4 ,a ,,few ,,m ,,common ,,wood ,,work+ ,,tools 7#h7 ,a brace & five aug] bits4#f ,a brace & bit1 z y "k1 is a tool to bore holes 9 wood )4 ,y ought to h five bits & get !m 1 1 1 & an in* 9 diamet]4 #f ,:5 y buy aug] bits get ! g5u9e ,russel ,j5n+s4 7#i7 ,a maple or a boxwood rule2 ?is %\ld be a regul>1 #b-;foot1 f\r fold c>p5t]'s rule4 7#aj7 ,a m>k+ gauge2 ! b> ( ! gauge is graduat$ 9 #af?s ( an in* & ! adju/able head ( "o good en\gh to "w ) is fitt$ ) a brass ?umb screw4 7#aa7 ,an iron b\nd try-squ>e ) a #f1 or bett]1 a #i-;in* blade4 ,?is is us$ n only to make measurem5ts ) b to try :e!r a ?+ is squ>e or n1 h5ce its "n4 7#ab7 ,two screw driv]s1 "o = small & ! o!r = l>ge screws4 7#ac7 ,two d\ble cut gimlets1 "o & ! o!r in* 9 diamet]2 ^! are useful = mak+ holes = />t+ screws & ! l4 7#ad7 ,f\r h& screws1 or clamps z !y are m (t5 call$2 ^! are made ( wood & are us$ to clamp two or m pieces ( wood toge!r :5 !y are be+ bor$ or aft] !y are glu$4 ,! jaws %\ld be ab\t #g in*es long & !y %\ld op5 at lea/ #d in*es wide4 ,!y only co/ a qu>t] apiece4 7#ae7 ,a nail set2 ?is is a /eel pun* = driv+ ! head ( a nail bel[ ! surface ( ! wood )\t d5t+ x4 7#af7 ,a ,wa%ita oil-/one is ! "r k9d to %>p5 wood-work+ tools on2 a /one or in* ?ick1 #b in*es wide & #d or #e in*es long w be l>ge en\gh & y %\ld make a box ) a cov] to keep x 9 & s protect x f ! du/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b,m4 ,a ,,clamp ,,(t5 ,,comes ,,9 ,,h&y 7#ag7 ,a sew+ ma*9e oil c fill$ ) sew+ ma*9e oil1 or any o!r good1 light lubricat+ oil1 is ne$$ = %>p5+ y\r tools4 7#ah7 ,a small c ( ,le ,page's liquid glue1 or if y want to make y\r own glue !n get a glue-pot & bru%4 ,y c buy a p9t c ( liquid glue = a qu>t] or less1 or y c buy a ca/ iron1 wat]-jacket$ glue pot :i* holds a p9t = ab\t #dj c5ts4 ,get a small r\nd bri/le bru% = a glue bru%4 ,"s ,h9ts on ,us+ ,tools4--,s9ce ,i h us$ tools ev] s9ce ,i 0 old en\gh to hold a hamm] ,i c easily tell y j h[ y %\ld h&le !m b to become a skill$ workman y mu/ be will+ to d ! re/ & t is to practice4 ,h[ to ,hold a ,hamm]4--,:5 y use a hamm]1 grasp ! h&le a c\ple ( in*es f ! free end & hold x s t x w sw+ freely & easily 9 y\r h& & keep y\r h& & wri/ above ! level ( ! nail or :atev] x is y are p\nd+2 ?is takes ! j> (f ( y\r arm & makes ! "w ( us+ x sur] & less tiresome4 ,nev] use a hamm] on wood-"w ( any k9d4 ,:5 y use a mallet z = driv+ *isels hold x r close to its head1 & ne$ ,i tell y nev] to use a wood5 mallet to drive nails )4 ,h[ to ,use a ,saw4--,hold ! wood to be saw$ ) y\r left h&--,i am tak+ x = grant$ t y are righ?&$2 put all ( ! f+]s ( y\r "r h& ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! h&le ( ! saw ) y\r ?umb on ! o!r side & grip ! h&le firmly4 ,to />t ! saw put x on ! m>k :]e y want to saw ! bo>d & re/ y\r ?umb aga9/ ! side ( x to guide & /eady x4 ,/& s t y\r eye w look d[n ! back ( ! saw & don't hold x too /raight b at an angle ( #de degrees1 t is half way betwe5 ! horizontal & ! v]tical4 ,( c\rse ?is does n apply to a back saw or a keyhole saw4 ,h[ to ,use a ,plane4--,s9ce a smoo? plane has no h&le lay y\r "r h& ov] ! tail ( x & re/ y\r left h& on ! nose ( x4 ,make %ort1 quick /rokes1 press+ d[n on ! plane z x goes =w>d & lett+ up on x a little z y draw x back4 ,a jack-plane has a h&le on x some?+ l a saw-h&le & x is held l a saw ) y\r "r h&4 ,if !re is no knob on ! nose ( x hold x by lay+ y\r left h& across x4 ,:5 us+ a jack plane give x a long /roke ) ev5 pressure & y w take (f ! same ?ickness ( %av+ all ! way along4 ,h[ to ,use ,*isels & ,g\ges4--,to hold a *isel prop]ly :5 cutt+ a groove grip x a c\ple ( in*es bel[ ! top ( ! h&le ) y\r left h&4 ,hold x ) ! bevel$ edge d[n f y & at a slight angle f ! horizontal :5 mak+ grooves1 & at a slight angle f ! v]tical :5 cutt+ a mortise4 ,g\ges are us$ 9 ! same way z *isels4 ,h[ to ,use a ,brace & ,bit4--,set ! %>p po9t$ end ( ! bit on ! exact spot :i* is to be ! c5t] ( ! hole y are to bore4 ,hold ! top h&le ( ! brace ) y\r left h& & ! crank h&le ) y\r "r h&4 ,h ! top ( ! brace & ! bit 9 a l9e ) y\r eye & aft] y />t to bore sight ! bit on bo? sides ( ! hole y are bor+ to see t x is plumb--t is /raight up & d[n4 ,h[ to ,use a ,rule4--,a c>p5t]'s rule is two feet long & divid$ into in*es :i* are sub-divid$ aga9 into #h?s & #af?s ( an in*4 ,9 mak+ measurem5ts = jo9]y use ! rule accurately or y w h misfits4 ,h[ to ,use a ,m>k+ ,gauge4--,?is is a useful device to m>k (f "o or m p>allel l9es on a bo>d :5 "o edge ( x is /raight4 ,! head slides on a wood5 b> ne> "o end ( :i* is a /eel po9t4 ,! b> is graduat$1 t is1 x is spac$ (f 9 in*es & fractions ( an in* l a rule & ?is makes x easy to set ! head at any di/ance f ! /eel po9t4 ,:5 y h set ! gauge hold ! head aga9/ ! edge ( ! bo>d y want to m>k1 press ! /eel po9t aga9/ ! surface & draw ! gauge along ) bo? h&s :5 ! po9t w scrat* a l9e4 ,h[ to ,use ,h& ,screws or ,clamps4--,put ! pieces ( wood t are to be held toge!r betwe5 ! jaws ( ! clamp & screw ea* screw up a little at a "t s t ! jaws are kept ev51 t is p>allel4 ,h[ to ,use a ,nail ,set4--,a f9i%+ nail1 t is1 a nail hav+ a head only a %ade l>g] ?an ! %ank1 is us$ = ! f9] k9ds ( woodwork4 ,aft] y h driv5 9 a nail until its head is )91 say1 in* ( ! surface put ! small1 holl[ end ( y\r nail set on x1 hold !m toge!r ) y\r ?umb & =ef+] & drive x 9 by hitt+ ! nail set ) y\r hamm]4 ,aft] ! head is sunk bel[ ! surface ( ! wood fill 9 ! hole ) a wood fill]#g :5 nei!r ! nail nor ! hole c be se54 #g ,to make a wood-fill]1 melt #a ounce ( :ite res9 & #a ounce ( yell[ wax 9 a pan & add en\gh o*re1 :i* c be _h 9 any color1 to give x ! color ( ! wood y are us+4 ,/ir x well & fill ! d5t :ile hot4 ,?is fill] /icks well to ! wood & :5 dry is v h>d4 ,h[ to ,use a ,gimlet4--,aft] y h />t$ a hole ) a gimlet give x a complete turn & !n half a turn back ea* "t1 = by s do+ x w be f> less liable to split ! wood4 ,moi/5 ! po9t ( ! gimlet & x w g 9 easi]4 ,h[ to ,drive ,nails & ,screws4--,put a little common br[n soap on ! ends ( nails & screws be=e y drive !m 9 & y w f9d t x greatly less5s ! friction4 ,h[ to ,make a ,glue-,pot4--,9 ^! days ( prep>$ness x is easi] to buy ready made glue ?an x is to make x y\rself2 moreov] x is j ab\t z *eap1 ne>ly z good & c]ta9ly f> less tr\ble4 ,if y insi/ on mak+ y\r own glue ?\gh1 y mu/1 fir/ ( all1 h a glue-pot ( ! "r k9d to make x 94 ,z ,i h already m5tion$ a glue-pot is made ( two pots "o inside ! o!r4 ,! outside pot is half fill$ ) wat] & ! inside "o conta9s ! glue4 ,y c improvise a glue-pot by us+ a tomato c = ! outside pot & a pepp] or mu/>d c = ! inside pot4 ,:ile x won't look q z %op-l z ! k9d y buy x w "w j z well4 ,h[ to ,make ,good ,glue & ,h[ to ,use ,x4--,to make good glue1 put "s small pieces ( g5u9e ,pet] ,coop] or import$ ,fr5* ,coignet glue into ! inside glue pot 9 en\gh wat] to cov] x4 ,! out] pot is set on a fire & ! wat] 9 x is br\ght to a boil4 ,/ir ! glue until x is all melt$1 :5 x %\ld be ab\t z ?ick z sew+ ma*9e oil4 ,skim (f ! scum t =ms :5 ! glue is boil+4 ,9 us+ home-made glue h x v hot1 = ! hott] x is ! /rong] ! jo9t x w make2 fur!r put x on bo? surfaces ( ! wood to be glu$ toge!r v ?9ly z ?is also t5ds to make x /ick tight]4 ,h[ to ,%>p5 ,y\r ,tools4--,y mu/ h %>p tools if y expect to d a job l a c>p5t] or a cab9et mak]4 ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,saws4--,?is is done by fil+ ! tee? ) a h& saw tap] file & ! saw mu/ be held 9 a saw-vise1 t is a vise ) long jaws :i* keep ! saw f vibrat+4 ,:5 ! saw is fil$ ! tee? mu/ be set1 :i* means t "o too? is b5t "o way a trifle & ! next "o to x is b5t ! o!r way & ?is is done ) a tool call$ a saw set4 ,y ought to le>n to file y\r own saws b x w\ld be j z well1 or a little bett]1 to let a man :o makes a bus9ess ( fil+ saws d ?is job = y at fir/4 ,keep y\r saws oil$ :5 n 9 use4 ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,*isels & ,plane ,bits4--,to %>p5 a *isel or a plane bit put a few drops ( oil on y\r ,wa%ita oil /one2 hold ! bevel$ edge ( ! tool on x & t[>d y1 & see to x t x re/s flat on ! /one or y w make x r\nd+ & ! edge unev54 ,:5 y get x at exactly ! "r angle grasp x firmly ) bo? h&s & !n move x on ! /one1 =? & back1 press+ d[n on x pretty h>d z x moves away f y1 & eas+ up on x z y draw x t[>d y4 ,:5 a *isel or a plane-bit gets a nick 9 x x mu/ be gr\nd out on a gr9d /one2 if y hav5't "o get a c>p5t] to d x = y1 & :5 y get x back hone x1 t is1 %>p5 x on y\r oil /one z be=e4 ,get a ,wa%ita slip /one = ! t\*+ up g\ges & in/ead ( rubb+ ! edge ( ! g\ge on ! /one y rub ! /one on ! g\ge4 ,nev] try to gr9d a woodwork+ tool on an em]y :eel4 ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,aug] ,bits4--,an ord9>y aug]-bit seldom ne$s %>p5+ b :5 x does ! cutt] ( x mu/ be %>p5$ on ! inside4 ,a v f9e file c be us$ = ?is purpose & !n hone x ) a slip ( an oil /one4 ,h[ to ,take ,c>e ( ,y\r ,tools4--,if y\r work%op is nice & dry y don't ne$ to put y\r tools away 9 a *e/ or a cab9et aft] y get ?r\gh us+ !m ea* "t4 ,b if y use !m only once 9 a:ile x is a good plan to wipe !m (f ) a piece ( *eese-clo? moi/5$ ) oil & !n lock !m up :]e nei!r ! baby c get !m nor ! hir$ girl f across ! /reet c borr[ !m4 ,remov+ ,ru/ f ,tools4--,%\ld any ( y\r tools %[ signs ( ru/+ y c get ! ru/ (f by rubb+ "s sweet oil on ! ru/$ "p2 let x /& a c\ple ( days & !n rub x ) v f9ely p[d]$ unslack$ lime4 ,to ,et* ,y\r ,"n on ,tools4--,clean ! saw1 or :atev] tool y want to et* y\r "n on1 ) a hot solution made by dissolv+ "s sodium c>bonate1 commonly call$ soda1 9 wat] & be c>eful n to t\* ! clean$ surface ) y\r f+]s4 ,next cov] ! clean$ surface ) a ?9 lay] ( melt$ wax or p>aff9 & :5 x is cold scrat* y\r "n cle> ?r\gh x ) a d>n+ ne$le or "s o!r %>p po9t$ tool s t ! /eel is expos$ & ! acid solution c act on x4 ,put an ounce ( wat] into a glass /opp]$ bottle & add an ounce ( nitric acid4#h ,%ake ! solution well to mix x1 dip a spl9t ( wood into x & t\* ! scrat*$ 9 lett]s ) x until ! acid cov]s ! expos$ p>ts ( ! /eel4 #h ,nitric acid is a poison & y mu/ s label ! bottle conta9+ x4 ,d n p\r ! wat] into ! acid z x w spla% ab\t4 ,be c>eful n to get x on y\r clo!s1 b if y %\ld1 bru% "s ammonia ov] x z ?is w neutralize x & /op its action4 ,let ! acid solution /ay on = a half or an h\r & !n wa% x (f ) hot wat]1 scrape (f ! p>aff9 & y w f9d y\r "n et*$ on ! /eel exactly z y m>k$ x4 ,k9ds ( ,wood to ,use4--,!re are _m k9ds ( woods & ea* "o has its special use 9 ! arts & crafts4 ,= c>p5try & cab9et mak+ y w probably n use m ?an half-a-doz5 woods & ^! are1 7#a7 p9e2 7#b7 c$>2 7#c7 mahogany2 7#d7 oak2 7#e7 bir* & 7#f7 walnut4 ,p9e4--,?is is a good wood = mak+ ?+s 9 g5]al4 ,!re are two k9ds ( p9e & ^! are 7a7 :ite p9e & 7b7 yell[ p9e4 ,:ite p9e is v s(t1 light & /raight gra9$ & x is a pleasure to use x ev5 if x is only to sit on a f5ce & :ittle x ) a pocket knife4 7,i wi% ,i c\ld d x aga947 ,y c make b5*es1 boxes1 toys & a hundr$ & "o o!r ?+s out ( x b x is too s(t = furniture & cab9et "w4 ,yell[1 or ,georgia p9e has a f9e yell[ color1 & a beautiful gra9 & toge!r !y are v %[y4 ,x is h>d] ?an :ite p9e & :ile x c be us$ :]e ! latt] _c1 x is n ne>ly z easy to "w4 ,c$>4--,?is fragrant wood belongs to ! p9e family & x is ne>ly z s(t z p9e4 ,!re are two k9ds ( c$> & ^! are 7a7 r$ c$> & 7b7 :ite c$>4 ,r$ c$> is ! k9d y want to get to make ?+s (2 x has a pa/el r$ color & a fragrant odor & x is ?is latt] prop]ty t makes x a good wood = w>drobe *e/s1 = mo?s d n l x4 ,next to :ite p9e x is ab\t ! easie/ wood to "w & x is especially nice = mak+ all small articles1 su* z glove boxes1 h&k]*ief boxes & ! l4 ,mahogany4--,also & likewise !re are two k9ds ( mahogany & ^! are 7a7 ,honduras mahogany & 7b7 ,spani% mahogany4 ,honduras mahogany is ! k9d t cig> boxes are made ( & x is mu* s(t] & light] 9 bo? weight & color ?an ,spani% mahogany4 ,y c make all mann] ( nice ?+s ( ! bett] grades ( ,honduras mahogany &1 curi\sly en\gh1 x /ays glu$ bett] ?an any o!r wood4 ,x is ne>ly z easy to "w z p9e & x takes a f9e poli%4 ,spani% mahogany is l ,honduras mahogany 9 "n only4 ,x is a f9e1 close-gra9$ d>k-r$-br[n or yell[-br[n color$ wood1 takes a v high poli% & makes ! f9e/ k9d ( furniture4 ,oak4--,?is is a /rong1 beautiful wood & is useful 9 mak+ all k9ds ( furniture ! design ( :i* %\ld be pla94 ,x is n an easy wood to "w & tools :5 us$ on x soon lose _! cutt+ edges4 ,b aft] y h made a piece ( furniture y c dep5d on x t x w la/ to ! end ( "t1 ne>ly4 ,bir*4--,?is wood belongs to ! oak family b diff]5t f oak x is q easy to "w4 ,x is light 9 color1 f9e gra9$1 s t\gh & ela/ic x _c be easily brok51 & x takes a f9e poli%4 ,= ^! reasons x makes nice furniture & x is a v good wood = turn+4 ,x is f ! b>k ( ! bir* t ! ,indians made _! canoes1 b ?is is a /ory ( ! long ago & we mu/ /ick to ! pres5t4 ,walnut4--,?is is a good old ,engli% wood2 x is ! f9e/ k9d ( wood t c be us$ = ornam5tal furniture1 gun /ocks & :]ev] else a beautiful color & a %[y gra9 are want$4 ,x is easi] to "w ?an oak & is a f9e wood = c>v+4 ,h[ to ,make ,jo9ts4--,! ^w jo9t 9 woodwork+ means ! place :]e two or m pieces ( wood are fitt$ toge!r1 & h5ce ! words jo9] & jo9]y 9 woodwork+ p>lance4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,! ,,squ>e ,,or ,,butt ,,jo9t ,b ,,! ,,pla9 ,,lap ,,jo9t ,c ,,! ,,bevel$ ,,lap ,,jo9t ,d ,,! ,,rebat$ ,,jo9t ,e ,,! ,,tongue ,,& ,,groove ,,jo9t ,,fig4 #c4 ,,h[ ,,edge ,,jo9ts ,,are ,,made ,!re are two *ief k9ds ( jo9ts & ^! are1 7#a7 :]e two flat surfaces are fix$ to ea* o!r1 & 7#b7 :]e ! edges ( two bo>ds meet to =m a corn]4 ,?\gh !re are _m ways to make bo? k9ds ( jo9ts ,i %all only tell y ab\t half-a-doz5 :i* y w f9d ! mo/ useful = y\r ne$s4 ,edge ,jo9ts4--,!re are ?ree easy ways to make flat1 or edge jo9ts & ^! are 7a7 ! squ>e1 or butt jo9t2 7b7 ! lap-jo9t & 7c7 ! mat*$ jo9t1 all ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,9 ! squ>e jo9t ! edges ( ! bo>ds are simply butt$ toge!r & nail$1 screw$ or glu$4 ,?is jo9t is v weak unless ! abutt+ ends are fa/5$ to some?+ else4 ,9 ! simple/ =m ( lap-jo9t ! edge ( "o bo>d is laid on top ( ! o!r bo>d & ^! are nail$ or o!rwise fa/5$ toge!r4 ,a neat] lap jo9t is made by cutt+ away half ( ! edge ( ea* end ( ! bo>ds s t :5 !y are fitt$ & fix$ toge!r ! surfaces ( ! bo>ds at ! jo9ts are ev5 & smoo?4 ,a bett] jo9t ?an ! lap-jo9t is made by plan+ a tongue on ! edge ( "o bo>d & a groove 9 ! o!r4 ,to d ?is easily1 neatly & quickly y ne$ a rabbet plane & z ?is is q a co/ly tool1 y c get along v well )\t x by us+ ! lap-jo9ts4 ,corn] ,jo9ts4--,!re are five corn] jo9ts :i* y %\ld "k ab\t & ^! are 7a7 ! butt1 or squ>e jo9t2 7b7 ! lap1 or rebat$ jo9t2 7c7 ! mit]$ corn] piec$ jo9t2 7d7 ! common dove-tail box jo9t1 & 7e7 ! regul> dove-tail jo9t1 pictures ( all ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,n[ :5 y c saw a bo>d (f /raight1 plane x true & make a good jo9t y w h small tr\ble 9 mak+ any?+ 9 wood t y want to make4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,! ,,butt ,,or ,,squ>e ,,jo9t ,b ,,! ,,rebat$ ,,jo9t ,c ,,! ,,mit]$ ,,corn] ,,piece ,,jo9t ,d ,,! ,,simple ,,box ,,dovetail ,e ,a ,,bett] ,,=m ,,( ,,dovetail ,,fig4 #d4 ,,h[ ,,corn] ,,jo9ts ,,are ,,made ,ab\t ,work+ ,draw+s4--,:5 mo/ boys--to say no?+ ( ! majority ( m5--/>t to make some?+ !y simply knit _! eyebr[s 7n high-br[s7 & ?9k out h[ x w look 9 ! concrete--t is :5 x is all done & ready to use4 ,!n !y g ahead & beg9 to saw up ! lumb] & put ! pieces toge!r4 ,! result is t :5 ! object is f9i%$ x looks v diff]5t f ! ?+ !y s pr\dly pictur$ 9 _! m9d's eye4 ,n[ ! "r way to build :at y want & h x look z x ought to is to make a work+ draw+ ( x4 ,to d ?is draw a picture ( x to a scale1 ( say #a in* to ! foot2 t is1 if x is to be #d feet long draw x #d in*es long4 ,! draw+s ,i h made ( ! "w-b5* & ! tool box :i* foll[ w %[ y h[ to make simple work+ draw+s & ! la/ "p ( ,*apt] ,,iii expla9s x all 9 detail1 s read x c>efully4 ,?+s = ,y to ,make4--,:5 y h y\r work%op ready1 y\r tools at h&1 ! =ego+ ideas ( woods 9 y\r m9d & "k ab\t simple work+ draw+s y c g ahead & make ?+s & y\r fir/ job w probably be to make a b5*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,an ,,easily ,,made ,,"w ,,b5* ,h[ to ,make a ,"w ,b5*4--,g to a lumb] y>d or a plan+ mill & get "o #b #b scantl+ #ab feet long = ! legs1 & two #b #b scantl+s = ! cross b>s & ! side b>s2 ! middle cross b> c be any k9d ( a ?ick piece ( wood4 ,if y c't get #b #b scantl+s get #b #d's & h :i*ev] size y get plan$ smoo? on all sides4 ,at ! same "t get ?ree bo>ds #a or #b in*es ?ick1 #aj in*es wide & #f feet long = ! top ( ! b5* & two bo>ds #a in* ?ick1 #aj in*es wide & #d feet long = ! tool bo>d4 ,saw ! scantl+s up s t y w h f\r pieces = ! legs #b feet #i in*es long2 f\r cross-b>s #b feet #f in*es long1 & two side b>s #c feet #f in*es long4 ,build up ! frame ( ! b5* fir/ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #e2 !n nail1 or bett]1 screw a cross-b> to ! middle ( ! #f foot bo>ds1 lay !m on top ( ! frame & nail or screw !m to ! end cross b>s4 ,:5 y h ! b5* ?us f> along put on ! vise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,a ,,wood ,,vise ,,= ,,y\r ,,"w ,,b5* ,a wood-work]'s vise z %[n at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #f c be b\ght = #c4ej on up to ab\t #i4jj4 ,! jaws are ab\t #d in*es wide & #ab in*es long & !y op5 ne>ly #ab in*es4 ,all y h to d to fix x to y\r b5* is to screw ! re> jaw to ! front left h& edge ( ! top ( ! b5* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,! tool bo>d is n an absolute necessity b x is a great conv5i5ce4 ,to make x saw (f two bo>ds #d feet long1 nail !m toge!r ) a c\ple ( /rips ( wood--^! are call$ cleats--& r\nd (f "o end z %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,screw ! tool bo>d to ! back ( ! b5* & y are all ready to make ?+s 9 wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g;,a4 ,a ,,c>p5t]',s ,,tool ,,*e/ ,h[ to ,make a ,tool ,*e/4--,ei!r bir* or *e/nut are good woods to make y\r tool *e/ (4 ,make ! box1 t is ! l[] "p ( ! *e/1 & ! lid = x ( in* ?ick /uff2 h ! box #i in*es high1 #ab in*es wide & #cj in*es long & h ! lid #c in*es high1 #ab in*es wide & #cj in*es long4 ,screw ! bo>ds toge!r z nails w n hold tight en\gh4 ,see ,a ,fig4 #g4 ,screw a /rip ( wood inside ! *e/ = ! tray to re/ on2 put two or ?ree h+es on ! box & lid & be p>ticul> h[ y d x or ! lid w n fit ev5ly on ! *e/4 ,fa/5 a /aple on front ( ! box 9 ! middle ne> ! top & a hasp on ! cov] s t y c put on a padlock1 or bett] y c put on a regul> *e/ lock :i* is h&i] & makes a neat] look+ job4 ,to keep ! lid f fall+ back :5 y op5 x1 screw a piece ( *a9 ab\t #h in*es long to x & ! box & ?is w s]ve z a *eck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g;,b4 ,,! ,,tray ,,= ,,y\r ,,tool ,,*e/ ,f9ally make a tray ( or in* ?ick wood z %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,make ! ends #f in*es high & #f in*es long & saw out ! h&le grips ) y\r keyhole saw4 ,make ! sides & p>titions #d in*es high & #bh in*es long1 screw !m toge!r & put on ! bottom4 ,by mak+ ! tray n>r[] ?an ! *e/ y c slide x back & =? & s get su* tools out ( ! bottom z y may ne$ )\t lift+ ! tray ea* "t y d s4 ,note4--,y c buy any tool ,i h describ$ 9 ?is *apt] ( any h>dw>e deal] or tool supply company 9 y\r t[n or if "o is n at h& ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,company1 corn] ( ,f\r? ,av5ue & #ac? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city1 w supply y ) j :at y want4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,scroll ,,saw+1 ,,wood ,,turn+1 ,,wood ,,c>v+1 ,,etc4 ,z y may h obs]v$1 x takes a pretty good siz$ room = a %op & q a lot ( tools to d c>p5t] "w & cab9et mak+4 ,n[ if y f9d x h>d to get ^! ?+s don't be disc\rag$ because !re are o!r k9ds ( woodwork t take nei!r a :ole room nor a *e/ ( tools1 & ! *ief ones ( ^! are 7#a7 scroll saw+2 7#b7 wood turn+2 7#c7 wood c>v+ & 7#d7 pyrography4 ,n only are ! pursuits ( ^! trades pleasant b !y are pr(itable because :e!r ! art objects y make are useful or n ! "w tra9s y\r m9d1 y\r eyes & y\r h&s at "o & ! same "t & :5 y get ^! ?ree factors work+ h>moni\sly toge!r y h a*iev$ some?+ t w be valuable to y z long z y live4 ,all ,ab\t ,scroll ,saw+ ,scroll saw+1 fret saw+ & jig saw+ all mean precisely ! same ?+ & t is saw+ int]lac$ & ornam5tal designs out ( wood1 or fretwork z x is call$4 ,) a scroll saw frame co/+ #ej c5ts & a few ?9 bo>ds y c saw out ! mo/ exquisite patt]ns & make ! mo/ da9ty articles imag9able4 ,!re is m pleasure1 ( c\rse1 9 us+ a regul> foot p[] scroll saw1 b y c d j z good "w ) a h& frame & ?\gh x takes a little long] y'll enjoy x imm5sely4 ,scroll ,saw+ ,outfits4--,a scroll saw is a v simple piece ( app>atus & x consi/s ( a f9e saw fix$ 9 a frame1 or o!rwise support$1 s t x c be mov$ up & d[n1 & x is n>r[ en\gh to turn %>p curves4 ,n[ scroll saws1 z ,i %all call !m1 are ( ?ree k9ds & ^! are 7#a7 ^? work$ by h&2 7#b7 ^? run by foot-p[]1 & 7#c7 ^? op]at$ by o!r k9ds ( p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,a ,,simple ,,& ,,*eap ,,scroll ,,saw+ ,,outfit ,a ,*eap ,scroll ,saw+ ,outfit4--,! simple/ & *eape/ scroll saw+ outfit consi/s ( 7a7 a scroll saw frame2 7b7 a doz5 saw blades1 & 7c7 an awl1 all ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,if x is y\r idea to saw out brackets & o!r fancy knickknacks y ought to h a %eet ( 7d7 impression pap]1#i 7e7 "s %eet designs1#aj & 7f7 "s fancy wood4 #i ,?is is ord9>y c>bon pap] su* z is us$ = typewrit+4 #aj ,see ,fancy ,woods = ,scroll ,saw+ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! scroll saw frame is a b5t iron or /eel b>1 usually nickel-plat$1 :i* =ms a frame ab\t #e in*es wide & #ab in*es long4 ,a h&le is fitt$ to "o end & a clamp to ea* end s t ! saw blade c be held tight 9 ! frame4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,scroll ,saw4--,! fir/ ?+ to d is to put a saw blade 9 ! frame & be sure to h ! po9ts ( ! tee? d[n1 t is t[>d ! h&le4 ,next m>k ! design y int5d to saw out on a ?9 piece ( wood#aa plan$ nice & smoo? on bo? sides1 hold x flat on ! edge ( ! table ) y\r left h&1 grip ! saw h&le ) y\r "r h& & hold x s t ! saw blade is v]tical z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4 #aa ,bo? c be b\ght ( ,l4 ,h4 ,wild1 #aga ,av5ue ,a1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,y are ready n[ to beg9 to saw out ! design2 set ! sawblade on ! l9e1 jig ! saw frame up & d[n & be c>eful to give x ev5 & smoo? /rokes4 ,y w be surpris$ to f9d h[ easily x works4 ,:5 y are saw+ turn ! wood & n ! saw frame--! latt] c be turn$ a little sometimes to advantage--& hold x s t ! back ( ! frame is always t[>d y & ! blade %\ld move =w>d b v slightly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,! ,,"r ,,way ,,to ,,use ,a ,,h& ,,scroll ,,saw ,:5 y want to saw a piece out ( ! inside ( ! bo>d1 take y\r awl & make a hole 9 x by giv+ x a twi/+ motion to prev5t x f splitt+ ! wood4 ,n[ unscrew "o ( ! clamps ( y\r saw frame & put ! free end ( ! saw ?r\gh ! hole1 clamp x 9 ! frame & />t to saw aga94 ,a ,few ,o!r ,helpful ,?+s4--,a ,h& ,saw-,table4--,y c saw out y\r designs mu* m easily & neatly if y use a h& saw table z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,?is is a bo>d ab\t #d #f in*es on ! sides ) a ,v saw$ out ( "o end & a clamp screw$ to ! bottom ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,a ,,h& ,,scroll ,,saw ,,table ,?is makes ! end ( ! bo>d project out f ! table x is clamp$ to1 raises ! wood y are saw+ f ! surface ( x & gives y a firm grip on x4 ,y c easily make a saw table or y c buy "o = #ej c5ts4#ab #ab ,! ,mill]s ,falls ,company1 ,mill]s ,falls1 ,mass41 makes !m & ne>ly all tool companies sell !m4 ,files = ,scroll ,"w4--,to d a really neat job at scroll saw+ y %\ld h a set ( scroll saw files4 ,^! files are long & ?9 & are made r\nd1 oval1 knife edge1 half r\nd & ?ree corn]$ z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,a ,twi/ ,drill ,/ock4--,a twi/ drill /ock & a drill1 see ,b1 ,fig4 #aa1 is f> bett] = mak+ holes 9 wood ?an an awl & z !y only co/ #ej c5ts y %\ld h "o4 ,y c make a hole 9 a in* ?ick bo>d 9 ! ? "p ( a m9ute4 ,a ,pair ( ,pli]s4--,a pair ( flat-nose1 side cutt+ pli]s is a v useful tool :i* w g a long way t[>d mak+ y\r scroll saw+ ef=ts a success4 ,a pair is %[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,a ,small ,hamm]4--,& f9ally get a small hamm] to drive brads ) z pictur$ at ,d4 ,scroll ,saw ,blades4--,!re are two k9ds made & ^! are kn[n z 7#a7 ,/> saw blades & 7#b7 ,g]man saw blades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scroll ,,sawy]',s ,,files ,a ,,twi/ ,,drill ,,/ock ,,flat ,,nose1 ,,side ,,cutt+ ,,pli]s ,a ,,small ,,hamm] ,,saw ,,blades 7,,half ,,size7 ,,! ,,tee? ,,( ,a ,,saw ,,are ,,plac$ ,,wide ,,ap>t ,,to ,,cut ,,clean ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,"s ,,necess>y ,,scroll ,,saw+ ,,tools ,z "o is z good z ! o!r by all means buy ,/> blades4 ,! sizes f #a to #aj are %[n at ,e 9 ,fig4 #aa1 b ?ree small] & two l>g] sizes are made4 ,! small] sizes co/ #aj c5ts a doz5 & ! l>g] sizes #ae c5ts a doz54 ,! spac+ ( ! tee? on ! blade is %[n at ,f4 ,h[ to ,trace a ,design on ,wood4--,y c draw y\r own designs or buy !m pr9t$ ready to use4 ,9 ei!r case y mu/ transf] ! design to ! surface ( ! wood y are go+ to saw4 ,to d ?is lay a %eet ( c>bon pap] z typi/s call x1 or impression pap] z jig sawy]s call x1 ) ! prep>$ side next to ! wood2 lay ! design %eet on top ( x2 & fa/5 ! corn]s ( ! %eets to ! wood ) glue1 or1 bett]1 ) ?umb tacks4#ac #ac ,?umb tacks are %ort1 flat head$ tacks us$ by draughtsm54 ,n[ take a %>p1 h>d lead p5cil or a piece ( po9t$ bone & trace ! outl9e ( ! design4 ,:5 y h x all done y w f9d t ! design is pla9ly m>k$ 9 black l9es on ! wood--t is except :]e y =got to trace x4 ,designs = ,scroll ,saw+4--,designs 9 great v>iety c be b\ght ( ,h4 ,l4 ,wild1 ,publi%]1 #aga ,av5ue ,a1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,besides glove boxes1 h&k]*ief boxes1 bird cages1 clock cases1 ?read & ?imble /&s1 photo frames & a ?\s& & "o o!r pretty & useful articles y c get patt]ns = doll furniture1 alphabets & me*anical designs l ! horizontal eng9e %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ab & ! fire eng9e %[n at ,b4 ,foot-,p[] ,scroll ,saws4--,!re are sev]al makes ( foot-p[] scroll saws on ! m>ket & ! prices ( ^! range f #d4ej to #be4 ,! ,cricket ,scroll ,saw4--,?is is ! *eape/ foot-p[] scroll saw t y c buy & is ! "o t sells = #d4ej4 ,x has a table t tilts :i* p]mits y to saw y\r "w on a bevel--t is on a slant--s t y c inlay x ) "s o!r k9d ( wood or metal4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,a ,,horizontal ,,/eam ,,eng9e ,b--,a ,,fire ,,eng9e ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,me*anical ,,ma/]pieces ,,made ,,) ,a ,,scroll ,,saw ,?is little ma*9e weighs #ag p\nds & is #cc in*es high2 x is made ( light] ca/+s ?an ! ma*9es :i* foll[ b x w d j ab\t z good "w z ! high] pric$ ones4 ,fig4 #ac %[s :at x looks l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,! ,,*eape/ ,,foot-,,p[] ,,scroll ,,saw ,,made ,! ,le/] ,scroll ,saw4--,?is is a well made saw1 has a ca/ iron frame & ! arms ( ! saw frame & ! pitman--t is1 ! rod :i* connects ! crank :eel ) ! frame--are ( a%4 ,! ,le/] has sev]al v h&y atta*m5ts & ^! are 7a7 an automatic du/ bl[]1 :i* bl[s ! sawdu/ away f ! l9e y are saw+ on2 7b7 an adju/able lev] saw clamp ) a h+$ jaw :i* prev5ts ! saw blades f break+2 & 7c7 a drill+ atta*m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,! ,,le/] ,,scroll ,,saw ,,) ,,turn+ ,,la! ,,atta*m5t ,?is saw1 :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 co/s #aj4jj1 is #ce in*es high & weighs 9 ! neighborhood ( #cj p\nds4 ,! la! atta*m5t co/s #b4jj extra4 ,! ,fleetwood ,scroll ,saw4--,?is is ! be/ & consequ5tly ! mo/ exp5sive foot p[] scroll saw made4 ,x has a sw+ ( ne>ly #af in*es4 ,x is fitt$ ) a tilt+ table1 a v]tical drill & a bl[+ atta*m5t4 ,a scroll saw ( ?is k9d ) a pla9 /& c be b\ght = #ba4jj1 or "o ) a fancy /&1 see ,fig4 #ae1 c be _h = #be4jj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,! ,,fleetwood ,,scroll ,,saw ,h[ a ,foot-,p[] ,scroll ,saw ,works4--,if y w look aga9 at ,figs4 #ac & #ad y w see t ! scroll saws %[n h saw frames v l a h& saw frame4 ,! l[] "p ( ! frame is connect$ ) a crank on ! end ( a sp9dle1 :i* has a small groov$ :eel fix$ to x1 by a pitman or rod & ! treadle is connect$ ) ! l>ge drive :eel by ano!r pitman2 f9ally ! drive :eel is belt$ to ! small groov$ :eel4 ,n[ :5 y "w ! treadle ) y\r foot x produces a reciprocat+ motion & ?is is *ang$ by ! pitman into rot>y motion :i* x imp>ts to ! drive :eel4 ,s9ce ! groov$1 or driv51 :eel is small] ?an ! drive :eel x revolves fa/] & ?is gives ! pitman connect$ ) x a v rapid rot>y motion on "o end b z x is pivot$ to ! frame :i* 9 turn is pivot$ at ! re> end x is *ang$ into an up & d[n or reciprocat+ motion exactly l ! treadle b _m times fa/]4 ,! ,fleetwood works a little diff]5tly1 9 t in/ead ( a frame ! pitman is connect$ ) a metal block t slides 9 a guide4 ,! l[] end ( ! saw is fa/5$ to ! upp] end ( ?is slid+ block & ! top ( ! saw blade is fix$ to ! end ( a long1 curv$ spr+ ^: ela/icity t5ds to make x fly up4 ,?is action keeps ! saw blade always taut & pulls x up except :5 ! pitman pulls ! block d[n & ! saw ) x4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple on :i* l>ge p[] jig saws us$ 9 %ops are work$4 ,h[ to ,saw on a ,foot-,p[] ,scroll ,saw4--,lay ! bo>d y are go+ to saw flat on ! table ( ! ma*9e & put y\r f+] tips ( bo? h&s on top ( ! bo>d2 :5 possible keep "o h& on "o side ( ! saw & ! o!r h& on ! opposite side ( x4 ,press d[n h>d en\gh on ! "w to keep x on ! table aga9/ ! up /rokes ( ! saw2 z ! top ( ! table is poli%$ x is easy to slide ! "w ar\nd & keep ! saw on ! l9e4 ,run ! saw at an ev5 spe$ & d n fe$ ! wood aga9/ ! blade too fa/4 ,,table ,,( ,,scroll ,,saw ,,woods ,price p] foot plan$ to a ?ickness ( ,"n to 94 94 94 ,popl>1 or ,:ite ,wood or ,bass #j4jg #j4jh #j4ji ,spani% ,c$> 4#aj 4#ab 4#ad ,:ite ,maple 4#aj 4#ab 4#ae ,sycamore 4#aa 4#ac 4#ae ,hazel ,wood 4#aa 4#ac 4#ae ,oak or ,:ite ,a% 4#aa 4#ac 4#ae ,:ite ,holly 4#ab 4#ad 4#af ,black ,walnut 4#ad 4#af 4#ah ,bird's ,eye ,maple 4#ad 4#af 4#ah ,mahogany 4#ad 4#af 4#ah ,cocobola 4#bj 4#be 4#cj ,am>an? 4#bj 4#be 4#cj ,rosewood 4#be 4#cj 4#dj ,sat9 ,wood 4#cj 4#ce 4#dj ,tulip 4#ej 4#fj 4#ge ,real ,ebony 4#ej 4#ej 4#ej ,^! woods c be b\ght ( ,h4 ,l4 ,wild1 #aga ,av5ue ,a1 ,new ,york ,city1 or ( ,j4 ,gabriel & ,company1 #fgb ,gr& ,/reet1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fancy ,woods = ,scroll ,saw ,"w4--,fancy woods t are plan$ on bo? sides = scroll saw+ c be b\ght 9 ?icknesses ( 1 1 & in*4 ,wood t is in* ?ick is ! be/ to use = all ord9>y "w4 ,! =ego+ li/ gives ! "n1 ?ickness & price ( ! *ief common & fancy woods t are good = scroll saw+4 ,trimm+s = ,boxes1 ,etc4--,brass h+es1 knobs1 screws1 draw] pulls1 box hooks1 ,fr5* screws & wire nails1 t is brads1 cat*es1 metal legs1 small locks1 escut*eons1 turn$ mold+s1 etc41 c be b\ght ( ! above deal]s :o specialize 9 scroll sawy]'s mat]ials4 ,turn+ 9 ,wood ,& n[ we come to ano!r & highly fasc9at+ k9d ( wood-"w & ?is is to sp9 a /ick ( wood 9 a la! & %ape x ) a *isel or g\ge1 or wood turn+ z x is call$4 ,:ile ! outfit y ne$ to turn wood ) co/s m ?an = scroll saw+ y w nev] =get ! pleasure ( r\nd+ up ( a bit ( wood into a %apely =m1 no1 n if y 7 to live a ?\s& ye>s4 ,get a ,la! ,fir/4--,x is f> bett] to buy a la! ?an to try to make "o1 t is if y expect to turn any?+ on x1 = 9 ! fir/ place x is h>d to get ! ?+s to make "o ) & 9 ! second y c buy "o = v little money4 ,h[ a ,la! is ,made4--,a wood turn+ la! consi/s ( f\r pr9cipal p>ts1 & ^! are 7#a7 ! head/ock2 7#b7 ! re/2 7#c7 ! tail/ock2 7#d7 ! b$ & 7#e7 ! /&1 ! fir/ ?ree p>ts ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spur ,,head ,,/ock ,,re/ ,,tail ,,/ock ,,fig4 #af4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,p>ts ,,( ,a ,,turn+ ,,la! ,! head /ock is fix$ to ! b$ ( ! /&2 x is =m$ ( a cone pulley m\nt$ on a sp9dle 9 a frame4 ,a spur c5t] is screw$ to ! sp9dle & ?is holds ! wood tightly 9 place :ile x is be+ turn$4 ,! re/1 :i* is adju/able1 is us$ to lay y\r turn+ tool on & s keep x 9 position4 ,a long & %ort re/ usually g ) ! bett] la!s4 ,! tail/ock has two adju/m5ts1 ! fir/ ( :i* all[s x to be slipp$ back & =? on ! b$ & clamp$ at any po9t :i* gives a r\gh adju/m5t1 & ! second is a sp9dle :i* is ?read$ on "o end & has a tap] c5t]1 t is a %>p po9t on ! o!r end4 ,?is all[s ! piece ( wood :i* is to be turn$ to be set betwe5 ! spur c5t] ( ! head/ock & ! tap] c5t] ( ! tail/ock4 ,^! p>ts re/ on ! b$ ( ! la! & ?is 9 turn is m\nt$ on a /&4 ,! /& is fitt$ ) a drive :eel & ?is is driv5 by a treadle ) :i* x is connect$ by a pitman exactly l a foot-p[] scroll saw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,! ,,*eape/ ,,wood ,,turn+ ,,la! ,,made ,! ,*eape/ ,la! ,y ,c ,buy4--,! *eape/ la! y buy is call$ ! ,companion2 x is made by ! ,mill]s ,falls ,company1 ,mill]s ,falls1 ,n4 ,y41 & x co/s #aj4ej4 ,x has a long & a %ort re/1 ?ree turn+ tools & a #b in* face plate & spur c5t]4 ,:5 y get x uncrate x1 set x up1 oil x well & y are ready to d "s turn+4 ,! la! is %[n complete 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,atta*m5ts = ! ,companion ,la!4--,?is la! is fitt$ ) a #d in* em]y :eel )\t extra *>ge4 ,a v useful atta*m5t is a circul> saw #c in*es 9 diamet] & a saw table #f #g in*es ) a /raight edge guide2 x co/s #a4be extra4 ,a scroll saw atta*m5t t c be clamp$ on ! la! b$ may be b\ght = #c4jj extra4 ,bo? ( ^! atta*m5ts are %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,( c\rse bett] & l>g] la!s c be _h = m money4 ,turn+ ,tools = ,wood4--,! tools us$ = turn+ wood#ad are simply *isels & g\ges4 ,! *isels are made ) f\r k9ds ( po9ts1 namely1 7#a7 skew po9t2 7#b7 r\nd po9t2 7#c7 squ>e po9t1 & 7#d7 spe> po9t1 & ^! are %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,^! *isels c be b\ght 9 all sizes f in* to #a in* wide4 #ad ,buck ,bros4' turn+ tools = wood are c\nt$ be/4 ,g\ges also come 9 sizes f in* up to #a in*1 & a p>t+ tool1 :i* is us$ to cut (f a turn$ piece & :i* is simply a ,v %ap$ *isel1 c be _h 9 1 & in* sizes4 ,^! turn+ tools are also %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,y c buy !m fitt$ ) applewood h&les & %>p5$ ready = use = ab\t #ej c5ts apiece4 ,y c buy !m ( h>dw>e deal]s or ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ac? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skew ,,po9t ,,r\nd ,,po9t ,,squ>e ,,po9t ,,spe> ,,po9t ,,! ,,g\ge ,,! ,,p>t+ ,,tool ,,fig4 #ah4 ,a ,,set ,,( ,,wood ,,turn+ ,,tools ,h[ to ,turn ,wood4--,be=e y c turn out a really good job on a la! y mu/ practice a:ile4 ,a good ?+ to try y\r h& on is to make "s tool h&les4 ,! size ( ^! w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d on :at y int5d to use !m =4 ,take a /ick ( wood1 r\nd or squ>e1 x doesn't 9 ! lea/ matt]1 a c\ple ( in*es long] & a trifle l>g] ?an ! l>ge/ diamet] t ! h&le is to be & drive "o end aga9/ ! spurs ( ! face plate z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,?is done screw up ! fe$ ( ! tail/ock until ! back-c5t] is =c$ into ! end ( ! wood ab\t ( an in*2 clamp ! re/ s t x comes to )9 an in* ( ! wood y are go+ to turn & y are ready = "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,putt+ ,,! ,,r\gh ,,wood ,,9 ,,! ,,la! ,n[ put y\r foot on ! treadle & "w x up & d[n2 v soon ! spe$ ( ! drive :eel w c>ry x r\nd smoo?ly & x w deliv] consid]able p[] to ! pulley ( ! head/ock4 ,if ! drive :eel is #e times z l>ge z ! pulley & y treadle ! drive :eel #ajj times e m9ute1 ! /ick ( wood :i* y want to turn w revolve #ejj times a m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,! ,,"r ,,way ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,wood ,,work+ ,,tool ,:5 y h ! wood rotat+ at ab\t ?is spe$ grip ! h&le ( x firmly ) y\r "r h&1 lay ! back ( ! *isel on ! re/ & press d[n on ! blade ) y\r left h& z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,( c\rse ! top edge ( ! wood is turn+ t[>d y4 ,:atev] y d :5 y are r\gh+ d[n a /ick ( wood don't try to take (f too l>ge a cut4 ,g at x v g5tly ) ! po9t ( y\r *isel & z x beg9s to cut y c sw+ ! tool ar\nd s t ! :ole wid? ( ! blade is cutt+4 ,g\ges are us$ 9 ! same way z *isels & ) !m y c turn out holl[ p>ts4 ,a p>t+ tool is us$ = cutt+ (f ! ends ( ! wood aft] y h f9i%$ turn+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,siz+ ,,) ,a ,,pair ,,( ,,calip]s ,a ,,regul> ,,siz+ ,,tool ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,siz+ ,,! ,,turn$ ,,"w ,:5 y want to turn a piece ( wood d[n to a giv5 size y c d s by te/+ x ) a pair ( calip]s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ba1 or y c size x ) a regul> siz+ tool4 ,to size ! "w measure (f ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9ts ( ! calip]s ) a rule = :atev] ?ickness y want ! turn$ "p2 !n z y turn ! wood y c try x f "t to "t until ! wood w j slip ?r\gh betwe5 ! po9ts4 ,! ,art ( ,wood ,c>v+ ,c>v+ is by all odds ! h>de/ ( all woodwork+ processes to le>n & yet !re are "s simple =ms ( x t are at once easy to d & pretty to look at4 ,:ile c>v+ is an art 9 itself x c be us$ ) f9e effect 9 comb9ation ) "s k9ds ( scroll saw$ & turn$ "w4 ,y\r ,set ( ,c>v+ ,tools4--,to beg9 ) y c get along v well ) a set ( six c>v+ tools4 ,a set ( ?is numb] is made up ( a in*1 a in*1 a in* & a in* /raight %ank c>v+ tools & two ( ^! are *isels & f\r are g\ges1 s y see t !y are j ab\t ! same z c>p5t]s' & turn]s' *isels & g\ges4 ,su* a set ( tools co/s ab\t #c4jj4 ,a bett] set conta9s a doz5 c>v+ tools & ?is includes ! above tools z well z a c\ple ( b5t flut+ g\ges1 ) & in* sweeps1 a c\ple ( front b5t tools1 a /raight p>t+ tool1 & a ve9+ tool1 all ( :i* is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #bb2 ! sweeps1 z ! curv$ cutt+ edges are call$1 are %[n at ,b4 ,! tangs ( ^! tools1 t is ! %>p ends :i* fit into ! h&les1 h %\ld]s on !m to prev5t ! h&les f creep+ & splitt+4 ,! be/ c>v+ tools on ! m>ket are ^? made by ,s4 ,j4 ,addis ( ,london1 & y c't g wrong if y buy !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/raight ,,*isel ,,%ort ,,b5d ,,g\ge ,,skew ,,*isel ,,/raight ,,p>t+ ,,tool ,,/raight ,,g\ge ,,long ,,b5d ,,g\ge ,,flut+ ,,g\ge ,,front ,,b5d ,,g\ge ,,ve9+ ,,tool ,,b5t ,,file ,b ,,sweeps ,,( ,,wood ,,c>v+ ,,tools ,c ,,c>v]',s ,,mallet ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,k9ds ,,& ,,sweeps ,,( ,,c>v+ ,,tools ,c>v+ tools z !y come f ! mak]s are %>p5$ b n hon$1 t is ! tools are gr\nd %>p1 b ! inside bevel ( ! tools mu/ be rubb$ up ) an oil /one slip & mo/ wood c>v]s l to d ?is !mselves4 ,:5 y buy a set ( c>v+ tools y also want to get a c>v]'s mallet made ( lignum-vit#ae ) a face #b in*es 9 diamet] &1 z y w see 9 ,fig4 #bb1 its %ape is q diff]5t f ! ord9>y k9ds4 ,also get a ,wa%ita oil /one1 & an ,arkansas c>v+ tool slip1 :i* is a small w$ge-%ap$ oil-/one4 #ae ,lignum-vit is a gre5i%-br[n wood & is v h>d & heavy4 ,x gr[s 9 tropical ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,m>k]s ,,= ,,/amp+ ,,9 ,,backgr\nds ,two or m m>k]s1 :i* are /amps made ( tool /eel1 are v useful = /amp+ 9 backgr\nd "w4 ,a numb] ( diff]5t designs are %[n 9 ,fig4 #bc & !y co/ ab\t a qu>t] apiece4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,snib ,a ,,h& ,,clamp ,a ,,c>v]',s ,,vise ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,s*emes ,,= ,,hold+ ,,"w ,,:5 ,,c>v+ ,to hold ! "w :ile y are c>v+ x y c make two or m snibs z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,^! little clamps are saw$ out pieces ( wood ) an ord9>y wood screw ?r\gh ! ?ick end1 & :5 y want to c>ve a flat piece ( "w clip x ) a c\ple ( snibs & screw ! latt] to y\r b5*4 ,a bett] s*eme is to use a c\ple ( h& screws z %[n at ,b4 ,= c>v+ 9 relief y w ne$ a wood-c>v]'s vise z %[n at ,c4 ,! ,be/ ,woods = ,c>v+4--,a wood t is suitable = c>v+ mu/ be t\gh1 ev5 gra9$ & free f knots4 ,= a beg9n]1 & ,i guess y are "o1 yell[ p9e is a good wood to practice on z x is s(t & easy to "w b y mu/ be c>eful n to spl9t] x along ! gra94 ,oak is mu* t\gh] b x is a f9e wood = c>v+ & y w n ne$ to take ! c>e to prev5t spl9t]+ z ) p9e4 ,black walnut & mahogany are beautiful woods & are nice to c>ve1 :ile = f9] "w apple1 pe>1 sycamore & ,cali=nia r$wood are l>gely us$4 ,k9ds ( ,wood ,c>v+4--,!re are ?ree k9ds ( wood c>v+ 9 g5]al & ^! are 7#a7 *ip1 or surface c>v+1 7#b7 panel or relief c>v+1 & 7#c7 figure c>v+1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,:5 y cut y\r initials 9 ! top ( y\r desk at s*ool y made a primitive attempt at :at is call$ *ip c>v+4 ,mo/ likely y got ! bir* = x b x 0 only ! savage in/9ct = decorative art t 0 try+ to f9d expression 9 y1 & s x's n y\r fault4 7,b don't d x aga947 ,any k9d ( c>v+ on a flat surface is call$ *ip c>v+1 & "s ( x is v beautiful4 ,x is %[n at ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,pla9 ,,panel ,b--,,fancy ,,panel ,c--,,figure ,,c>v+ ,,fig4 #be4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,c>v+ ,panel c>v+ is done on flat pieces ( wood also b ! design is made by cutt+ out or s9k+ ! gr\nd1 z %[n at ,b4 ,sometimes :5 x is desirable to make "s "p /& out 9 relief above ! surface x is c>v$ out ( a sep>ate piece ( wood & plant$ on1 t is glu$ on4 ,to c>ve a lily ( ! valley or a de]'s head out ( a solid block ( wood is n z easy z ! o!r k9ds ( c>v+1 b if y h a natural aptitude = us+ tools & an eye = art y c succe$ z well z ! next "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be;,d4 ,a ,,c>v$ ,,wat* ,,case ,,hold] ,*ip ,c>v+4--,y w ne$ only ?ree tools = *ip c>v+ & ^! are 7#a7 a in* *isel2 7#b7 a p>t+ tool & 7#c7 a ve9+ tool4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to get ! design y want to c>ve on ! bo>d4 ,to d ?is y c ei!r draw ! design directly on ! bo>d1 or1 bett]1 lay a %eet ( impression pap] on ! bo>d & !n ! design y want to transf] on top ( x & trace x ) a lead p5cil4 ,screw ! bo>d to y\r b5* ) two or m snibs & y are ready = "w4 ,c>ve out ! heavi] l9es ) ! p>t+ tool & ! light] l9es ) ! ve9+ tool4 ,use ! *isel to cut ! corn]s %>p & make ! l9es clean & ev54 ,9 *ip c>v+ gr\nds are nev] put 94 ,panel ,c>v+4--,9 ?is k9d ( c>v+ leaves1 b]ries1 scrolls & ! l are c>v$ out ( ! surface ( ! bo>d & z ! gr\nd is sunk ^! objects /& out 9 relief4 ,beg9 by draw+1 or transf]r+1 ! patt]n to ! bo>d z be=e2 !n cut x out ) g\ges & *isels z %[n at ,a & f9ally use ! ve9+ tool = ! radiat+ l9es4 ,! head c be c>v$ out ( a sep>ate piece ( wood glu$ to ! gr\nd1 or plant$ on z x is call$4 ,! "w c be oil$ & poli%$ b nev] v>ni% x4 ,x is %[n f9i%$ at ,c4 ,to make a wat* case hold] l ! "o %[n at ,d saw out a piece ( walnut1 or o!r wood1 in* ?ick & draw on ! design4 ,c>ve ! cross & l[] "p ( ! case by *ipp+ x2 c>ve ! leaves 9 relief & put 9 ! ve9s ) ! ve9+ tool4 ,n[ saw out ano!r piece = ! pocket #a in* ?ick & c>ve out ! front & ! back to ! %ape %[n at ,d s t x is only in* ?ick :5 f9i%$ & glue x to ! o!r "p :5 y w h a wat* case hold] ( ! v9tage ( #ahge4 ,c>v+ 9 ,solid ,wood4--,?is ranges all ! way f c>v+ simple leaves z %[n at ,d to ! human =m div9e4 ,to c>ve out leaves on a flat surface draw ! design z be=e & c>ve !m out ) y\r g\ge to look z mu* l real leaves z y c & to give !m ! f9al t\* ( beauty cut ! ve9s 9 ) y\r ve9+ tool4 ,= c>v+ out heads1 z = example ! "o %[n at ,c1 m>k ! %ape ( ! object :i* y int5d to c>ve on ! sides ( ! block z x w\ld look if y cut x d[n ?r\gh ! middle4 ,n[ screw up ! block 9 y\r vise & cut away ! sides ) y\r *isels & g\ges1 us+ ! mallet to d x )4 ,all y want to d at fir/ is to get ! r\gh %ape ( ! figure4 ,:5 y h done ?is y c g ahead & f9i% up ! "w ) y\r *isels & g\ges4 ,to give ! c>v+ a life-l appe>ance d n use files or s&pap] on x & d n v>ni% or poli% x4 ,pyrography1 or ,wood ,burn+ ,?is is a simple & pleas+ art & "o t is easy to practice4 ,x gets its didactic "n f ! ,greek ^w pyro1 :i* means fire1 & graph1 to write1 t is writ+ ) fire1 only 9 pyrography y draw ) fire in/ead4 ,! ,necess>y ,tools4--,! *ief tool y ne$ is call$ an et*+ tool4 ,?is is =m$ ( a piece ( iron1 copp] or plat9um ) a curv$ po9t :i* is heat$ 9 a flame until x is r$ or :ite hot4 ,:5 x is hot y press ! curv$ po9t aga9/ ! wood ^u :i* y h drawn ! design & x burns ! l9es into x4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,! ,,et*+ ,,tool ,b--,,complete ,,) ,,h&le ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,! ,,tool ,,us$ ,,= ,,pyrography ,h[ to ,make an ,et*+ ,tool4--,get a piece ( copp] rod in* 9 diamet] & #c in*es long2 file "o end d[n to a po9t to ! %ape %[n at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #bf & put a file h&le on ! o!r end4 ,h[ to ,make an ,alcohol ,lamp4--,! et*+ tool mu/ be heat$ 9 ei!r an alcohol or a ,buns5 flame4 ,y c make an alcohol lamp ( an ink bottle t w s]ve ! purpose v well4 ,make a hole 9 ! cork ab\t in* 9 diamet] & make a t9 tube #a in* long t w fit x snugly4 ,braid a wick ( /r+ & put x ?r\gh ! t9-tube2 fill ! bottle ) alcohol & y\r lamp is done4 ,if y c get gas y c use a ,buns5 burn]#af :i* makes a hott] flame & is less tr\ble4 #af ,c be b\ght ( ! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,app>atus ,company1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,a ,bett] ,outfit4--,a good outfit :i* has a plat9um po9t$ tool & burns alcohol vapor1 see ,c1 c be b\ght = #c4jj & m4#ag ,if y h gas 9 y\r h\se y c buy a tool :i* uses x = #ej c5ts or less4 #ag ,ev]y?+ ne$$ = pyrography c be _h ( ! ,fro/ & ,adams ,co41 ,cornhill1 ,bo/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,c--,,an ,,outfit ,,t ,,burns ,,alcohol ,,vapor ,,fig4 #bf;,c4 ,,an ,,outfit ,,t ,,burns ,,b5z9e ,,vapor ,ab\t ! ,designs4--,if y are good at draw+ y c make y\r own designs1 b if n y c buy !m ready to use4 ,draw y\r designs on s(t :ite p9e or basswood ) a s(t lead p5cil hav+ a blunt po9t4 ,photo frames1 plaques1 tie racks1 coll> boxes & ?+s :i* y c saw out on y\r scroll saw are greatly improv$ by burn+4 ,h[ to ,burn 9 ! ,design4--,heat ! tool until x is r$-hot1 or if x is plat9um until x is :ite hot z %[n at ,d4 ,hold ! tool z %[n at ,e & )\t us+ too mu* pressure draw & pu% ! po9t along ! l9es until !y are burnt 9 ev5ly4 ,:5 y h burnt 9 ! design burn 9 ! backgr\nd by mak+ a lot ( closely spac$ l9es2 !n burn 9 m p>allel l9es across ! fir/ set4 ,?is produces a cross-hat*$ effect :i* at a di/ance makes ! design /& out 9 bold relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf;,d4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,tool ,,is ,,heat$ ,illu/ration3 ,e ,,fig4 #bf;,e4 ,,burn+ ,,9 ,,! ,,design ,:5 y h become a little exp]t y c %ade ! design b don't try x until y c burn ! l9es 9 ev5ly4 ,color+ & ,/a9+ ,wood4--,/a9s & dyes ( all colors c be b\ght ( ! ,devoe & ,reynolds ,company1 #aja ,fulton ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,ebony ,/a94--,bru% ! wood ) a saturat$ solution ( f]r\s-sulphate & x w make x inky black4 ,:5 us$ on :ite holly1 or any o!r close gra9$ wood1 x gives x a real ebony look4 ,put ! solution on ) a s(t bru%4 ,aft] ! ebony /a9 has be5 us$ ! wood %\ld be poli%$ ) wax to give x a dull f9i%4 ,fum$ ,oak4--,oak c be color$ a beautiful br[n by putt+ x 9 a box ) a tight fitt+ lid 9 :i* is a sauc] ( ammonia2 pa/e up ! cracks ar\nd ! lid tight & leave x = a c\ple ( days :5 x w take on a br[n color :i* is kn[n by ! trade "n ( fum$ oak4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,metals ,,& ,,metal ,,work+ ,!re is some?+ ab\t work+ metals t makes a trem5d\sly /rong appeal to a fell[ & yet x is j z easy to fa%ion ^! elem5ts z x is to %ape wood1 t is1 if y h ! "r k9d ( tools to d x )4 ,!n !re is ano!r good ?+ ab\t work+ metals & t is ! tools y ne$ don't co/ v mu* & y c soon make en\gh useful ?+s to pay = !m4 ,metal work+1 l wood work+1 c be divid$ into two classes & ^! are 7#a7 ! /rictly practical1 & 7#b7 ! purely ornam5tal1 b y c (t5 comb9e !m 9 an object :i* possesses bo? utility & arti/ic m]it4 ,x is my int5tion to tell y 9 ?is *apt] ab\t ! tools t y ne$ to d ord9>y metal "w1 su* z saw+1 drill+1 b5d+1 fil+1 etc4 ,z 9 work+ wood y ought to h a b5*1 or a good /rong table w d4 ,y\r ,kit ( ,tools4--,to "w metals y w ne$ c]ta9 tools accord+ to ! k9d ( "w y int5d to d4 ,if y get all ( ^? ,i h li/$ bel[ y w h ne>ly all ! h& tools y ne$ to d any k9d ( a job t may come up4 ,! foll[+ li/ is q a full "o & a kit :i* includes all ( !m w co/ 9 ! neighborhood ( fifte5 doll>s4 ,y don't ne$ to buy all ( !m at once1 h[ev]1 b j get a tool at a "t z y mu/ h x until y\r kit is complete4 ,! ,v>i\s ,k9ds ( ,tools4--,metal work+ tools are temp]$ h>d] ?an wood work+ tools & are made ( :at is kn[n z tool-/eel4 ,= y\r kit ( ma*9i/s' tools get 7#a7 a ball pe9 hamm] :i* weighs ab\t #h ounces--?is is a regul> ma*9i/s' hamm]2 7#b7 a pair ( #d in* side cutt+ pli]s2 7#c7 a pair ( #h in* t9n]s' snips :i* makes a #b in* cut2 7#d7 a jewel]'s adju/able saw frame2 7#e7 a hack saw frame to hold an #h in* saw blade2 7#f7 a h& drill /ock ) a *uck = hold+ r\nd %ank drills f #j to in* 9 diamet]4 7#g7 ,f\r ,morse twi/ drills 1 1 & in* 9 diamet]2 7#h7 a #f in* /eel rule1 graduat$ into #h?s1 #af?s1 #cbnds & #fd?s ( an in*2 7#i7 a ma*9i/'s /eel squ>e ) a #b in* blade2 7#aj7 a pair ( #c in* spr+ divid]s2 7#aa7 a pair ( #c in* inside spr+ calip]s2 7#ab7 a pair ( #c in* outside calip]s2 7#ac7 a c5t] pun*2 7#ad7 a ,no4 #a set ( screw cutt+ taps & dies1 ?is set conta9s a /ock or h&le & five taps & five dies :i* cut 1 1 1 1 & in* 9 diamet]4 7#ae7 ,a few files--flat1 h&1 r\nd & half-r\nd 9 %ape & ! smoo? & second cut w be ! mo/ useful2 7#af7 sev]al screw driv]s1 small & l>ge2 7#ag7 a sold]+ copp] t weighs ab\t a p\nd2 7#ah7 a c ( sold]+ pa/e1 or y c make a sold]+ fluid y\rself1 & 7#ai7 an alcohol lamp1 :i* ,i told y h[ to make 9 ! la/ *apt]1 or a ,buns5 burn] if y h a supply ( gas1 & 7#bj7 a ma*9i/'s vise4 ,all ( ^! tools are %[n 9 ,figs4 #bg & #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t9n]',s ,,snips ,,sold]+ ,,copp] ,,& ,,alcohol ,,lamp ,,flat ,,nose ,,side ,,cutt+ ,,pli]s ,,flat ,,nose ,,pli]s ,,r\nd ,,nose ,,pli]s ,a ,,b5* ,,level ,a ,,wire ,,guage ,a ,,rose ,,c\nt]s9k ,a ,,tap] ,,ream] ,,oil ,,c ,,& ,,oil ,,/one ,,set ,,( ,,screw ,,cutt+ ,,taps ,,& ,,dies ,,ma*9i/',s ,,vise ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,metal ,,work+ ,,tools ,illu/ration3 ,,jewell]',s ,,hamm] ,,ball ,,pe9 ,,hamm] ,,h& ,,drill ,,/ock ,,& ,,drill ,,spr+ ,,divid]s ,,spr+ ,,calip]s ,,outside ,,spr+ ,,calip]s ,,inside ,,jewell]',s ,,adju/able ,,saw ,,frame ,,hack ,,saw #f ,,/eel ,,rule ,,ma*9i/',s ,,/eel ,,squ>e ,,c5t] ,,pun* ,,cold ,,*isel #a--,,%ell ,,squ>e ,,tap] #b--,,r\nd ,,or ,,rat ,,tail #c--;,,h& ,,or ,,flat ,,k9ds ,,( ,,files ,,fig4 #bh4 ,,"s ,,o!r ,,metal ,,work+ ,,tools ,"s ,h9ts on ,us+ ! ,tools4--7#a7 ,:5 y want to rivet some?+ use ! ball pe9 end ( ! hamm] to p\nd d[n ! end ( ! rivet z ?is w spread x out 9 e direction ev5ly & y c make x nice & r\nd4 7#b7 ,side cutt+ pli]s are useful to hold & b5d bits ( metal ) & to cut (f pieces ( wire z well4 7#c7 ,t9n]'s snips are simply l>ge p[]ful %e>s & y c cut %eet metal up to ( an in* ?ick ) an ord9>y pair4 ,:5 y cut a %eet ( heavy metal ) !m let ! l[] blade & h&le re/ on y\r b5* & y c get a bett] lev]age on x4 ,metals t are ?ick] ?an in* mu/ be saw$4 7#d7 ,:ile metals c be saw$ by us+ a special saw blade 9 a scroll saw frame y %\ld use a jewel]'s saw frame ) jewel]'s saws = metal--,i pref] ! ,fi% ,br& = f9e "w4 7#e7 ,= heavi] "w use a ma*9i/'s hack saw2 put ! piece ( metal 9 a vise & h ! "p y want to saw close to ! jaws ( ! vise s t x w n vibrate2 use a little pressure on ! outw>d1 or cutt+ /roke1 & let up on x z y draw ! saw back or y w dull ! tee?4 7#f7 ,9 us+ twi/ drills1 & ^! are ! only satisfactory k9d = metal "w1 be mighty c>eful n to press too h>d on ! drill /ock & don't try to cr[d ! drill into cutt+ fa/] ?an x w cut at ! spe$ ) :i* x is turn+4 ,9 drill+ iron keep pl5ty ( oil on ! drill po9t4 7#g7 ,y c measure mu* m accurately ) a /eel rule ?an y c ) a wood rule & :]eas measurem5ts 9 cab9et "w d[n to in* are close en\gh1 = metal "w x %\ld n be m ?an nd ( an in*1 & = ma*9e "w make y\r measurem5ts to ? ( an in*4 7#h7 ,a small /eel squ>e is bett] 9 e way = metal "w ?an a c>p5t]s' try squ>e b y w f9d x q exp5sive4 7#i7 ,! advantage ( spr+ divid]s ov] ! ord9>y k9d is t y c set !m v accurately & !y w /ay :]e y set !m4 ,9 scrib+ a circle ) a pair ( divid]s m>k ! c5t] ) y\r c5t] pun* fir/ z ?is w prev5t y\r divid]s f slipp+4 7#aj7 ,inside calip]s are us$ = measur+ ! inside diamet]s ( cyl9d]s & ! l1 &1 conv]sely 7#aa71 outside calip]s are us$ = measur+ ! outside ( any?+ t is r\nd4 ,9 ei!r case y measure ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9ts ( y\r calip] ) y\r rule to f9d ! diamet] ( ! ?+4 7#ab7 ,a c5t] pun* is always useful to make a />t+ po9t 9 metal )1 = x c't be rubb$ (f or lo/ sight (4 7#ac7 ,a set ( taps & dies to cut screw ?reads ) 9 metal ( :atev] k9d is a joy =ev]4 ,all metal "w becomes easy if y h a set ( ^! screw cutt+ tools & x is next to impossible to make ?+s if y hav5't got !m4 ,:5 y are cutt+ ?reads 9 a piece ( metal ) ! tap1 ! hole 9 ! metal mu/ ( c\rse be a trifle small] ?an ! diamet] ( ! tap2 ! tap is put into a h&le call$ a /ock & z y cut ! ?reads 9 ! metal don't turn ! /ock cont9u\sly ar\nd b give x "o complete turn =w>d & !n half-a-turn backw>d & y w be less apt to break ! tap4 ,! same me?od holds good :5 y are cutt+ ?reads on a rod ) a die2 9 ?is case ! rod mu/ be a little l>g] ?an ! hole 9 ! die4 ,9 ?read+ iron use pl5ty ( oil on ! tap or die1 b = brass & ! s(t] metals a lubricant is n ne$$4 7#ad7 ,9 fil+ "w press d[n on ! outw>d or cutt+ /roke & ease up on ! file on ! return /roke = ! tee? ( a file are set l ! tee? ( a saw1 t is1 s t ! cut is made on ! out /roke4 ,a small file c be held 9 "o h& & ! "w y are fil+ 9 ! o!r :i* c be re/$ on ! edge ( ! b5* b heavi] "w mu/ be put 9 a vise & ! file held firmly by ! h&le ) "o h& & ! end /eadi$ & guid$ by ! f+]s ( y\r o!r h&4 7#ae7 ,9 putt+ 9 a screw always use ! l>ge/ size screw-driv] ^: blade w fit ! slot 9 ! head ( ! screw2 ?is w prev5t ! blade ( ! screw-driv] f twi/+ ! edges ( ! slot out ( %ape4 7#af7 ,be=e a sold]+ copp] c be us$1 if x is a new "o1 x mu/ be t9n$1 t is ! po9t ( x mu/ be coat$ ) sold]4 ,to t9 x get a p9e bo>d ab\t #a in* ?ick1 #d in*es wide & #f in*es long1 & put "s br[n res9 & bits ( sold] on x4 ,file (f ! copp] until ! po9t is %>p & x is bright & smoo?2 heat ! copp] & !n melt ! res9 & sold] on ! bo>d ) x & rub ! copp] 9 !m on all sides until a film ( sold] is =m$ on x4 7#ag7 ,x is *eap] to buy a /ick ( sold]+ pa/e ?an x is to make x b y c easily & *eaply make a good sold]+ fluid by dissolv+ a teaspoonful ( z9c *loride 9 an ink bottle full ( clean wat]4 ,9 heat+ ! sold]+ iron keep x ne> ! tip ( ! flame2 if y use an alcohol lamp don't h ! wick too high & if y use a ,buns5 burn] adju/ ! op5+s 9 x until ! flame is z ne>ly invisible z y c get x4 ,ab\t ,%>p5+ ,tools4--,! only metal work+ tools y w ne$ to %>p5 are ! twi/ drills & ^! c be %>p5$ on a c>borundum oil /one4 ,hold ! bevel$ edge ( ! drill po9t on ! /one & move x to & fro1 be+ v c>eful to keep ! drill p]fectly /raight up & d[n :ile y are %>p5+ x4 ,metals & _! ,uses4--,l woods ea* metal has its especial uses & x w dep5d l>gely on :at y are go+ to make z to ! k9d ( metal y %\ld make x (4 ,!re are five *ief metals & a c\ple ( alloys1 :i* are =m$ by melt+ & mix+ two or m metals toge!r1 :i* y w f9d ! mo/ useful & ,i %all describe ^! = y 9 detail4 ,iron4--,?is is ! mo/ useful metal we h4 ,:5 x is pure x has a silv]y color1 is v t5aci\s1 :i* means t x is t\gh2 x is malleable1 t is x c be hamm]$ )\t crack+1 & x is ductile 9 t x c be drawn out into wire )\t break+4 ,x is h>d to get pure iron = ne>ly all ( x conta9s a small p]c5t ( c>bon1 silica1 phosphorus1 sulphur or o!r elem5ts4 ,^! sub/ances 9 iron give x diff]5t prop]ties4 ,= in/ance ca/-iron has a l>ge am\nt ( c>bon 9 x2 ?is k9d ( iron is good to ca/ into molds b x _c be hamm]$ or drawn )\t dang] ( crack+ or break+4 ,wr\ght iron has v little c>bon or o!r sub/ances 9 x & ?is makes x easy to "w because x c be hamm]$ or drawn4 ,/eel conta9s m c>bon ?an wr\ght iron b x has less c>bon ?an ca/ iron2 /eel c be ca/1 =g$1 temp]$ & h>d5$ by heat+ x r$ hot & !n sudd5ly cool+ x4 ,t94--,?is is a :ite metal t looks v mu* l silv]1 & x is s malleable t x c be hamm]$ out into v ?9 %eets & :i* y "k s well z t9-foil4 ,x is n f\nd 9 v _m places b ! anci5ts call$ ,brita9 ! ,t9 ,isl&s because !y got x *iefly f !re4 ,:at we ord9>ily call t9 is really t9 plate1 t is ?9 %eet iron coat$ ) t91 & x is us$ z a cov]+ = o!r metals because x does n ru/ or oxidize 9 air4 ,t9 is l>gely us$ 9 mak+ alloys su* z s(t sold]1 type-metal1 pewt]1 etc4 ,x has a v l[ melt+ po9t4 ,z9c4--,?is is a blui% :ite metal & ?\gh x is sometimes f\nd 9 a pure /ate x is usually f\nd 9 comb9ation ) o!r elem5ts4 ,:5 x is heat$ to diff]5t temp]atures x behaves 9 v>i\s ways2 = in/ance :5 x is cold x is q brittle1 b at #ajj to #aej degrees ,fahr5heit1#ah x c be easily roll$ into %eets & rods2 curi\sly ?\gh :5 x is heat$ to #bjj degrees or ov] x gets brittle aga94 #ah ,! ,fahr5heit !rmomet] scale is ! "o g5]ally us$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,fahr5heit 0 a ,g]man sci5ti/ :o liv$ #bjj ye>s ago1 & he inv5t$ ! m]curial !rmomet]4 ,z9c is easy to cut & :5 mix$ ) copp] x =ms ! alloy we "k z brass4 ,lead4--,?is is ! s(te/ metal kn[n & x has a blui%-gray color4 ,x is v heavy & melts at a l[ temp]ature4 ,lead 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ metals kn[n & if y w read ! ,book ( ,job y w f9d x m5tion$ !re4 ,x has be5 us$ f "t immemorial 9 mak+ wat]-pipes1 ut5sils1 etc41 & ! anci5t ,romans made weights ( x4 ,s9ce x is s s(t x c be easily hamm]$ into any %ape or x c be roll$ or drawn4 ,x is also l>gely us$ 9 =m+ alloys ) o!r metals1 ?us sold] is made ( #ej p>ts ( lead & #ej p>ts ( t92 type-metal is made ( #hj p>ts ( lead & #bj p>ts ( antimony2 & pewt] is made ( #be p>ts ( lead & #ge p>ts ( t94 ,copp]4--,?is metal is f\nd 9 a pure /ate 9 l>ge quantities ar\nd ,lake ,sup]ior 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,*ili1 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,x is a fairly h>d metal ( a r$di% color1 has a high lu/]1 is malleable1 & ductile4 ,long be=e iron 0 kn[n ut5sils & weapons = ! *ase & w> 7 made ( copp] & copp] tools h be5 f\nd t 7 made by ! anci5ts & temp]$ ev5 z /eel is temp]$ n[1 b ! art 0 lo/ :5 iron came into use4 ,copp] is n[ l>gely us$ 9 ! arts & trades z = ! %ea?+ & bolts ( %ips1 ! conduct+ p>ts ( electrical app>atus1 9 mak+ alloys1 su* z bronze ( :i* t9 is ! o!r metal4 ,copp] is easily hamm]$ & drawn b x is s t\gh t x is h>d to saw & drill4 ,x does n oxidize 9 dry air b 9 moi/ air x gradually *anges & takes on a lay] ( c>bonate ( copp] :i* gives x a v beautiful & arti/ic appe>ance & makes x look z if x 0 a ?\s& ye>s old4 ,alum9um4--,?is metal is f\nd ev]y:]e 9 nature b z x is nev] f\nd free x is only 9 ! la/ few ye>s t x has be5 extract$ 9 l>ge quantities & *eaply en\gh to br+ x into use4 ,x has a bright blui% :ite color ne>ly l t ( t9 & is ! lighte/ common metal kn[n4#ai ,x does n t>ni% ei!r 9 dry or moi/ air2 x is malleable & ductile & z easy to "w z brass b x is v h>d to sold] b !re are sold]+ comp\nds on ! m>ket by :i* x c be sold]$4 ,alum9um c be b\ght#bj 9 %eets ( any ?ickness1 or 9 rods or tubes ( any size4 #ai ,alum9um :5 mix$ ) magnesium makes an alloy call$ magnaleum & ?is is light] ?an alum9um alone4 #bj ,sold by ! ,alum9um ,co4 ( ,am]ica1 #abj ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a ,few ,useful ,alloys4--,:5 two or m metals are melt$ toge!r & mix$ !y =m :at is call$ an alloy4 ,brass4--,?is well kn[n alloy is made by mix+ z9c ) copp]4 ,!re are tw5ty or m diff]5t k9ds ( brass b common brass is made ( #cf p>ts ( z9c & #fd p>ts ( copp]4 ,brass is h>d] ?an copp] & :ile x c be hamm]$ & drawn x is n ne>ly z malleable or z ductile z copp]4 ,x c be saw$1 drill$1 ?read$ & ma*9$ easily & is ab\t ! be/ alloy y c use = mak+ small p>ts ( ma*9es4 ,type-metal4--,all k9ds ( metals %r9k :5 !y cool aft] be+ run into a mold & s ! edges ( ! ca/+s are nev] v %>p4 ,n[ type metal :i* is an alloy made ( #hj p>ts ( lead & #bj p>ts ( antimony w exp& & ?is is ! reason :y type is s beautifully cle> & %>p4 ,s if y want to ca/ little p>ts ( ma*9es & eng9es & ! l y c d a good job by us+ type-metal4 ,z x melts at a l[ temp]ature y c melt x 9 an iron ladle ov] ! kit*5 fire4 ,pewt]4--,?is alloy1 :i* is made ( #ge p>ts ( t9 & #be p>ts ( lead1 9 ,colonial days 0 mu* us$ = mak+ all k9ds ( table-w>e & h\sehold ut5sils & x w come into vogue aga9 ,i hope4 ,m w be said ab\t ?is alloy & h[ to "w x 9 ! next *apt]4 ,h[ to ,d ,metal ,"w4--,n[ t y "k ab\t tools & ! prop]ties ( metals !re are a few o!r little ?+s :i*1 if y w be> !m 9 m9d1 w enable y to make ne>ly any?+ y want to4 ,! fir/ has to d ) draw+ & ! o!rs ) work+ ! metals !mselves4 ,fir/ ,sket* ,y\r ,ideas4--,to />t out & try to make an object :i* y h 9 m9d )\t sket*+ x on pap] fir/ s t y c see j :at size to cut & %ape x1 & h[ x w look :5 y h f9i%$ x1 is ! fir/ /ep t[>d be+ a disappo9t$ boy4 ,:5 y get an ab/ract idea = a design or a ma*9e t y want to put 9 concrete =m take a rule & compasses1 p5cil & pap] & draw x out to scale1 t is1 make a draw+ ( x & m>k ! sizes1 or dim5sions1 ( ea* "p j z x %\ld be :5 ! ?+ is done4 ,by r\ghly sket*+ ! object1 or1 bett]1 by mak+ an accurate work+ draw+ ( x be=e y d any?+ else y w save "t1 pati5ce & mat]ials4#ba #ba ,h[ to make work+ draw+s is expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,full] directions w be f\nd 9 ,inv5t+ = ,boys1 by ! pres5t au?or1 publi%$ by ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company1 ,n4 ,y4 ,%eet ,metal ,"w4--,cutt+ & ,saw+4--,aft] hav+ trac$ or o!rwise m>k$ out ! design or %ape y want on ! %eet ( metal ) ! %>p po9t ( y\r c5t] pun* or an awl1 or scrib$ x ) y\r divid]s y c cut x out ) y\r snips if ! %eet is ?9 en\gh4 ,if x is too ?ick to be %e>$ !n saw x out ) y\r jewel]'s or hack saw4 ,%\ld y want to make a hole or an op5 design ( any k9d 9 ?9 %eet metal y c easily pun* x 9 ) y\r c5t] pun*1 or cut x out ) a /5cil cutt]'s *isel1 :i* is simply a v %>p cold *isel4#bb ,b %\ld ! metal be too ?ick to pun* or cut 9 ?is way drill a small hole 9 x & y c !n saw out ! "p ) a jewel]'s saw frame & blade j z y w\ld saw out a piece ( wood ) a scroll saw1 ?\gh y may h to hold ! metal 9 a vise4 #bb ,see ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,mak+ ,seams & ,jo9ts4--,! next ?+ to d aft] hav+ cut out ! diff]5t pieces ( metal is to put !m toge!r4 ,! way y d ?is w aga9 dep5d v l>gely on ! ?ickness ( ! metals1 b 9 any ev5t :]e ! pieces meet1 a seam or a jo9t mu/ be made4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,lap ,,seam ,b--,,groov$ ,,seam ,c--,,lap ,,seam ,,rivet$ ,d--,,butt ,,jo9t ,,bolt$ ,e--,,box ,,lap ,,jo9t ,f--,,box ,,groov$ ,,seam ,g--,,butt ,,piec$ ,,jo9t ,h--,,corn] ,,butt ,,jo9t ,,screw$ ,i--,,circul> ,,lap ,,seam ,j--,,circul> ,,fold$ ,,seam ,k--,,circul> ,,ov]fold ,,seam ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,h[ ,,metal ,,seams ,,& ,,jo9ts ,,are ,,made ,if ! metal is ?9 ! pieces c be lapp$ & !n sold]$ or rivet$ toge!r z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #bi or y c make a fold$ seam z %[n at ,b4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! metal is ?ick y c make a lap seam & ei!r rivet or bolt x toge!r ) screws hav+ nuts on !m z %[n at ,c4 ,a /rong butt seam c be made by h>d sold]+ or braz+ ! edges toge!r b x takes a hot flame & consid]able skill to d a good job ( ?is k9d4 ,ano!r way to make a butt seam ( two ?ick %eets ( metal is to lay !m ) _! edges toge!r & !n rivet a /rip or plate on bo? sides ( !m z %[n at ,d4 ,9 mak+ corn] jo9ts "o or bo? edges ( ! %eet %\ld be b5t ov] z pictur$ at ,e :5 !y c be sold]$1 rivet$ or bolt$ toge!r2 or a groov$ seam c be made z %[n at ,f if ! metal is ?9 en\gh4 ,if ! pieces ( metal are say in* or m ?ick y c put a ?ree corn]$ piece ( metal 9 ! corn] & drill & ?read x s t ! pieces :i* =m ! butt jo9t c be screw$ to x z %[n at ,g1 or if "o ( ! pieces is ?ick en\gh y c drill & ?read x & screw ! o!r piece to x z %[n at ,h4 ,:5 putt+ ends on tubes & cyl9d]s y c make a circul> lap seam z %[n at ,i1 or a circul> fold$ seam z at ,j or a circul> ov]fold$ seam z %[n at ,k4 ,h[ to ,sold] ,metals4--,! great secret 9 sold]+ metals is to h !m p]fectly clean & !n if y use ! "r k9d ( flux & ! prop] sold] y w n h any tr\ble4 ,fluxes4--,aft] y h clean$ ! surfaces to be sold]$ y mu/ use a flux to prev5t ! metal f oxidiz+ & to make ! sold] /ick4 ,diff]5t metals require fluxes ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,:5 sold]+ bright new t9w>e use p[d]$ res9 = ! flux1 b if ! p>ts are old !n scrape & clean !m well & use a flux ( z9c *loride solution4 ,to make x dissolve #e c5ts' wor? ( z9c *loride--:i* is muriate ( z9c--9 a small clean inkbottle full ( w>m wat]2 or y c make ! muriate ( z9c by dissolv+ "s z9c clipp+s 9 muriatic acid & to make ! sold]+ fluid add "s wat] to x4 ,?is k9d ( a sold]+ fluid is a good flux = t91 iron1 /eel1 brass & copp]4 ,x is good = all ord9>y "w b x mu/ be wa%$ (f f iron or /eel z x w ru/ !m v quickly4 ,to sold] copp] sal ammoniac c be us$4 ,! only k9d ( a flux to sold] z9c ) is a solution made ( #aj p] c5t4 ( muriatic acid & #ij p] c5t4 ( wat]4 ,= lead1 pewt] & any alloy ) lead 9 x use tall[1 ,gallipoli oil or ,v5ice turp5t9e4 ,res9 c be us$ successfully = all metals provid$ !y are scrap$ bright & clean be=e !y are sold]$4 ,sold]s4--,j z c]ta9 metals require giv5 fluxes s also d ^! metals ne$ special sold]s4 ,= sold]+ t9w>e a f9e t9n]'s sold] made ( #a "p ( t9 & #a "p ( lead fl[s be/4 ,= sold]+ lead use a f9e plumb]'s sold] :i* is =m$ ( #a "p ( t9 & #b p>ts ( lead4 ,to sold] pewt] :i* melts at a l[ temp]ature use a pewt]]'s sold] :i* is compos$ ( #c p>ts ( lead & #a "p ( bismu?4 ,bolts & ,rivets4--,:]e two pieces ( metal are to be fix$ toge!r s t !y c be tak5 ap>t aga91 ma*9e screws ) nuts on !m1 or bolts1#bc w be f\nd useful4 #bc ,ma*9e screws & bolts = model "w c be b\ght ( ,lu!r ,h4 ,wightman1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,a good k9d ( rivet = small "w is kn[n z t9n]'s rivets2 !y are made ( iron & h a l5g? ( ( a in*4 ,n[ a rivet c ei!r be hamm]$ d[n s t ! po9t spreads out & =ms a burr1 or a wa%]1 :i* is call$ a burr1 c be slipp$ d[n ov] x & ! end !n pe9$ d[n4 ,copp]-rivets z small z in* 9 l5g? c be b\ght at mo/ h>dw>e /ores4 ,b5d+ ,%eet ,metal4--,to b5d a metal %eet put x on a wood or metal =m & p\nd x into %ape ) a wood5 mallet4 ,! edges ( a piece ( %eet metal c be b5t ei!r by p\nd+ x ov] ! %>p corn] ( an iron b>1 or if a v small "p is to be b5t use a pair ( r\nd or flat nose pli]s4 ,a ?ick piece ( %eet metal c be b5t by putt+ x 9 y\r vise & p\nd+ ov] ! edge ) a hamm]4 ,f9i%+ ,up ,metals4--,( c\rse all ! r\gh p>ts mu/ be smoo!d up ) a file2 !n use em]y pap] or em]y clo? to rub out ! file m>ks & f9ally f9i% (f ! surface by poli%+ x ) crocus#bd put on ) a clo?4 #bd ,crocus is a p[d] made ( iron ru/4 ,color+ ,metals4--,_m ?+s t y make ( metal c be greatly improv$ 9 appe>ance by color+ !m4 ,blu+ ,/eel4--,fir/ poli% ! articles & clean !m by imm]s+ !m 9 a hot solution ( cau/ic soda4 ,n[ put ! screws1 or :atev] x is y want to blue1 9 an iron pan half full ( dry1 clean s& & heat !m ov] a fire4 ,keep mov+ ! articles ar\nd ) a pair ( tweez]s until !y are ! color y want !m & !n drop !m into clean oil4 ,blu+ ,brass4--,poli%$ pieces ( brass c be giv5 a f9e color by putt+ !m 9 a solution made z foll[s3 ,/ir #a drams ( antimony sulphide1#be #b ounces ( calc9$ soda 9 ( a p9t ( wat]2 to ?is solution add #b drams ( k]mes4 ,/ir well1 filt] x & !n mix x ) #b drams ( t>t>1 #e drams ( hyposulphite ( soda dissolv$ 9 p9t ( wat] :5 x is ready to use4 #be ,?is & all o!r *emicals c be b\ght ( ,eim] & ,am5d1 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ah? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,giv+ ,brass a ,gre5 ,color4--,make a solution ( #b ounces ( copp] sulphate1 an ounce ( sal ammoniac & #be ounces ( wat]4 ,susp5d ! articles to be gre5$ 9 ! solution & boil x until y get ! color y want4 ,giv+ ,brass a ,dull ,look4--,fir/ clean ! articles ?or\ghly2 !n mix ounce ( iron ru/ & ounce ( :ite ars5ic 9 #d ounces ( muriatic acid4 ,use a bru% & pa9t ! articles ) ?is solution until x takes on ! prop] dull appe>ance4 ,!n wipe x (f1 oil1 dry & lacqu] x4 ,fro/+ ,brass ,articles4--,hang ! brass articles 9 a boil+ solution ( cau/ic pota%1 wa% !m (f 9 clean wat] & dip !m 9 nitric acid until ! oxide is gone1 wa% !m aga9 & ?r[ !m 9 sawdu/ to dry2 heat !m a little & lacqu] :ile !y are w>m4 ,lacqu]+ ,brass & ,copp]4--,to lacqu] a brass or a copp] article dip x 9 a weak solution ( sulphuric acid & wat] & !n wa% x 9 clean wat]4 ,next put ! article on a piece ( %eet iron & heat x ov] a gas jet or 9 an ov54 ,x mu/ n be heat$ en\gh to color x b j s t :5 y place y\r moi/5$ f+] to x x w sizzle2 n[ put on ! lacqu] & ?is c be done by bru%+ ! article ov] ) a camel's hair bru% or by dipp+ ! article into ! lacqu]4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,lacqu]4--,put #a ounce ( tum]ic p[d]1 #b drams ( annatto & #b drams ( saffron into #a p9t ( alcohol4 ,let x /& = a week or #aj days & %ake x (t52 p\r ! cle> liquid into a bottle & put 9 #c ounces ( yell[ %ellac2 let x /& = a c\ple ( weeks m2 %ake x (t5 & p\r (f c>efully4 ,!n y c put x on4 ,lacqu]s c be b\ght ready made f ,hanson & ,van ,w9kle1 ,deal]s 9 ,electroplat+ ,supplies1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,v5etian ,,iron1 ,,rep\ss1 ,,pi]c$ ,,brass ,,& ,,pewt] ,,"w ,v5etian ,b5t ,iron ,"w ,a v pretty & mo/ useful k9d ( ornam5tal iron "w came into vogue 9 ,v5ice1 ,italy1 a long "t ago1 & z x is easy to d & y ne$ only a few tools & inexp5sive mat]ials to d x )1 y ought to try y\r h& at x4 ,v5etian iron "w consi/s ( b5d+ ?91 n>r[ /rips ( wr\ght iron into scrolls & o!r %apes & !n fix+ !m toge!r ) little iron clamps call$ b9d]s4 ,9 ?is way objects su* z egg boil]s1 c&le/ick sconces1 lant]ns & brackets to hang !m on1 photograph frames & helpful & arti/ic creations )\t end c be made4 ,! ,tools ,y ,mu/ ,h4--,y w ne$ v few tools = mak+ ,v5etian iron "w & ^! are 7#a7 a pair ( flat nose #e in* pli]s2#bf 7#b7 a pair ( r\nd nose #e in* pli]s2 7#c7 a box-wood f\r-fold1 #b-;foot rule2 7#d7 a vise2 7#e7 a pair ( t9n]'s snips & 7#f7 a small rivet+ hamm]1 all ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 #bf ,?is means t ! pli]s are #e in*es long4 ,! ,mat]ials ,y ,ne$4--,! "w is made ( in* ?ick s(t iron /rips & ?is c be b\ght#bg 9 f\r diff]5t wid?s1 namely 1 1 1 & in*4 #bg ,complete manual tra9+ outfits = ,v5etian b5t iron "w c be b\ght ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,f\r? ,av5ue & #ac? ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,9 g5]al x is ! be/ practice to use ! & in* wide /rips = all designs except ! smalle/ & l>ge/4 ,! /rip iron comes 9 coils ( #ej feet & ! prices range f #af c5ts to #be c5ts a coil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d]s ,,coil ,,( ,,wr\ght ,,iron ,,/rip ,,lead ,,wire ,,= ,,measur+ ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,mat]ials ,,y ,,ne$ ,,= ,,v5etian ,,iron ,,"w ,!n y w ne$ a package ( b9d]s--^! are m]ely bits ( /rip iron cut (f & b5t z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj1 !y come 9 f\r wid?s & co/ ab\t #aj c5ts a hundr$4 ,also get a c\ple ( #c foot pieces ( lead wire = ) ^! y c quickly =m ! scrolls & circles y int5d to make ( iron1 !n /raight5 !m out & accurately measure (f ! l5g? ( iron y ne$4 ,!y co/ #e c5ts a /rip4 ,:at to ,d ,fir/4--,mak+ a ,simple ,design4--,! fir/ ?+ to d aft] y get y\r tools & mat]ials toge!r is to draw on a %eet ( pap] ! object y are to make ( b5t iron4 ,h[ to ,make a ,toa/]4--,?is is a good piece ( "w to />t ) because x is =m$ *iefly ( /raight l9es4 ,draw a plan ( x z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca1 full size & !n measure ! frame & ! inside /rips--y w obs]ve t !re are two ( ! latt]--& f9d out exactly h[ long ea* /rip %\ld be4 ,n[ measure & cut (f ?ree /rips ( iron & all[ an extra in* = lapp+ ! long /rip t =ms ! frame4 ,?is done m>k (f ! po9ts :]e ! /rips are to be b5t & use y\r flat nose pli]s to b5d ! %>p corn]s & y\r r\nd nose pli]s to b5d ! curv$ p>ts ( ! frame4 ,lap ! ends ( ! /rip =m+ ! frame on ! side an in*1 fa/5 ! jo9t by putt+ a b9d] on x ) y\r pli]s & a light tap ) y\r hamm] w tight5 x up4 ,n[ if y w look aga9 at ,fig4 #ca1 y w see t "o end ( ! "r inside /rip projects up & beyond ! re/ ( x & ?is end sets 9 ! h&le ( ! frame & /r5g!ns x2 put a b9d] on ea* place :]e x is %[n 9 ! draw+ includ+ ! h&le4 ,fix 9 ! left inside b5t /rip ) b9d]s & put ! b9d]s on s t ! r\gh ends w be inside1 file d[n ! r\gh places1 rub ! toa/] all ov] ) a piece ( f9e em]y clo? until x is nice & smoo?1 rub x ) "s sweet oil1 poli% x (f ) a s(t clo? & !n pres5t x to ,pietro or ,hilda or ,wo ,nang ,fong or :oev] x is t presides ov] ! kit*54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,a ,,useful ,,b5t ,,iron ,,toa/] ,h[ to ,make an ,egg ,boil]4--,hav+ made ! toa/] y are ready to try y\r h& at some?+ a little h>d] & a good design = y\r next piece ( "w is an egg boil]4 ,! picture may look a little complicat$ b z a matt] ( fact !re is v little to x4 ,!re are only ?ree p>ts to ! egg boil] & ^! are 7a7 ! egg hold]s2 7b7 ! legs1 & 7c7 ! h&le4 ,ea* ( ! f\r egg hold]s is =m$ ( a r+ or /rip ( iron j l>ge en\gh s t an egg w slip ?r\gh x2 lap ! ends & put on a b9d] to hold ! jo9t tight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,h[ ,,make ,,an ,,egg ,,boil] ,m>k1 cut (f & b5d ! ends ( two /rips ov] an in*1 = ! half ovals on :i* ! egg re/s & !n b5d ! /rips to fit ! %ape ( ! egg4 ,?is done1 loop ! ends ( ea* half oval ov] ! r+ & press !m d[n h>d ) y\r pli]s to hold !m 9 place4 ,! way an egg hold] is made is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,ea* leg is a %ort /rip b5t ov] & press$ on to ! top ( ! r+4 ,x is made rigid by putt+ a b9d] on x & to "o ( ! half ovals z %[n at ,b4 ,to make ! h&le take a piece ( lead wire & b5d x to fit ! outl9e %[n at ,c2 !n /raight5 x out & cut (f a /rip ( iron ( ! same l5g?4 ,b5d ! ends ( x ov] an in* & %ape x up ) y\r r\nd nose pli]s4 ,n[ jo9 ! f\r r+s toge!r ) b9d]s & loop & press ! ends ( ! h&le on to ! r+s t are fur!/ ap>t z %[n at ,b4 ,file1 rub up & poli% ! egg boil] & give x to ! *ef ) y\r complim5ts4 ,h[ to ,make a ,v5etian ,plate ,hold]4--,to make ?is plate hold] y w h to add a h& drill1 a in* twi/ drill1 & a c5t] pun*--:i* are describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii--to y\r li/ ( tools4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,an ,,arti/ic ,,v5etian ,,plate ,,hold] ,! plate hold] is ( m simple con/ruction ?an ! egg boil] b z y h em]g$ f ! kit*5 into ! d9+ room y w h to d a v f9e job4 ,x consi/s ( f\r legs z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc1 rivet$ to a r+4 ,draw ! design on pap] full size & ?is w dep5d on ! diamet] ( ! plate x is to hold4 ,f9d ! l5g? ( ! legs ) y\r lead wire & measure & cut (f ! /rips ( iron accord+ly4 ,likewise f9d ! l5g? ( iron /rips x w take = ! r+ & all[ #a in* or ov] = ! lap jo9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,a ,,sconce ,,= ,a ,,c&le ,n[ drill in* holes 9 ea* /rip y int5d to use = ! legs1 half way betwe5 ! top & bottom ( x & drill f\r holes 9 ! r+ at equi-di/ant po9ts4 ,b5d ! /rips into ! arti/ic curves %[n1 us+1 ( c\rse1 y\r r\nd nose pli]s to d x )1 & b5d ! r+ ov] a r\nd =m--a broom/ick w d1 b a l>g] =m w "w bett]4 ,f9ally rivet ! legs to ! r+ & see to x t y make a good job ( x2 slip ! top ( ! legs into place ov] ! plate & y w h a piece ( ,v5etian iron "w y c be pr\d (4 ,y c design & make pretty b5t iron /&s = vases 9 a mann] v l t us$ = ! plate hold]2 c>d racks1 photograph frames1 lamp %ades1 etc41 c be made 9 ! same mann]2 & z y become m adept at ! "w y c po9t & %ape up ! iron by heat+ x 9 an alcohol lamp1 or a ,buns5 burn] & hamm]+ x4 ,:5 y c d ?is y w be able to make a sconce1 t is1 an ornam5tal mural#bh bracket = hold+ a c&le z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd4 #bh ,mural means any?+ t is support$ by or has to d ) a wall4 ,fur!r y c twi/ & weave ! iron /rips = ! sides & doors ( boxes & book-cases & ei!r l9e !m ) silk or put /a9$ glass back ( !m4 ,9 fact ! mo/ beautiful ?+s imag9able c be wr\ght f b5t iron /rips especially :5 rivets are us$ to put ! "w toge!r4 ,a ,dead ,black ,f9i% = ,iron ,"w4--,get #be c5ts' wor? ( japan gold size & #aj c5ts' wor? ( pure drop black gr\nd 9 turp5t9e & mix !m toge!r4 ,if x is too ?ick ?9 x ) turp5t9e & put x on ) a s(t bru%4 ,:5 dry x w be dead black & nei!r air nor moi/ure w spoil x4 ,do+ ,rep\ss ,"w ,rep\ss 7pron\nc$ re-poo-say7 is a ,fr5* ^w & means to =m 9 relief1 & rep\ssage 7pron\nc$ re-poo-sazh7 is ! ^w y want to use :5 y mean ! process ( produc+ designs 9 relief on %eet metal by hamm]+ x on ! back4 ,tools ,ne$$ = ,rep\ss ,"w4--,v few tools are ne$$ = ?is k9d ( "w b x is important to use ! "r k9d4 ,! rep\ss hamm] is a jewel]'s hamm] :i* has "o end1 or face ( x flat & ! o!r r\nd$ l a pe9+ hamm]2 x is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,rep\ss ,,hamm] ,!n a numb] ( blunt *isels & m>k]s call$ rep\ss tools z %[n at ,b1 ,fig4 #ce1 are ne$$ to emboss ! design 9 ! %eet metal4 ,^! tools co/ ab\t #cj c5ts apiece & a set ( eight or t5 tools w s]ve y well4 ,= ! bold] p>ts ( ! "w boxwood pun*es c be us$ b /eel pun*es are always us$ = ! f9] "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce;,b4 ,a ,,pun* ,,& ,,pun* ,,designs ,,= ,,rep\ss ,,"w ,h[ to ,prep>e ! ,"w4--,! k9d ( metal t is easie/ to "w is cold-roll$ %eet copp]#bi ,no4 #cb ,br[n & ,%>p gauge1 b brass1 alum9um & pewt] c also be hamm]$4 #bi ,c be b\ght ( ,patt]son ,bro!rs1 ,p>k ,r[1 ,new ,york1 or ( ! ,fro/ & ,adams ,co41 ,cornhill1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce;,c4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,rep\ss ,,pun* ,to get ! "w ready fa/5 ! piece ( %eet metal to a wood5 block ) a cem5t made z foll[s3 melt #a p\nd ( ,burgundy pit* 9 an iron pan1 or skillet1 & /ir 9 #a p\nd ( d5tal pla/] ( p>is1#cj until !y are ?or\ghly mix$4 ,!n put 9 a tablespoonful ea* ( tall[ & ( res9 :i* w make ! cem5t /ick bett]4 #cj ,?is is v f9e pla/] & c be b\ght ( any d5ti/4 ,take a bo>d #a in* ?ick1 #aj in*es wide & #ab in*es long & make a tray ( x by nail+ a /rip ( wood ar\nd x s t x is an in* high] ?an ! surface ( ! bo>d4 ,p\r ! cem5t :ile x is /ill hot on ! bo>d & press ! %eet ( metal h>d d[n on x2 let x get cold :5 x w be firmly cem5t$ to x4 ,trac+ ! ,design4--,aft] y h drawn ! design on ! %eet ( metal ei!r ) a p5cil or by means ( transf] pap] y c beg9 to trace ! design by pun*+ x ) ! /raight & curv$ edge *isels4 ,to hold a *isel "r1 grip x betwe5 y\r ?umb & index f+]1 let y\r next1 or m$ius1 f+] lie g5tly on ! %ank ( ! tool & y\r ?ird1 or annul>is1 f+] re/ on ! %eet ( metal z %[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,! h&le ( ! hamm] is long1 ?9 & spr+y & y hold x by ! end ) y\r index f+] lay+ on x z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,d n /rike ! tool h>d or ! pun* may g cle> ?r\gh ! metal %eet b in/ead give x a succession ( light1 g5tle taps at ! rate ( ab\t #ajj a m9ute or s & y w make ! trac+ nice & ev54 ,boss+ ! ,"w4--,aft] y h trac$ ! outl9e ( ! design ) ! *isels hold ! plate ov] an alcohol or a ,buns5 flame & :5 x is hot en\gh y c take x (f ( ! cem5t4 ,!n cem5t x to ! block aga91 b ?is "t put ! o!r side d[n4 ,n[ use y\r boxwood or /eel pun*es & hamm] ! copp]1 or o!r metal1 into bold relief or y c matt ! gr\nd ) any "o ( ! num]\s pun*es %[n at ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,design ,,on ,,! ,,metal ,,! ,,r+ ,,= ,,! ,,c&le ,,! ,,c&le/ick ,,:5 ,,done ,,fig4 #cf4 ,a ,,rep\ss ,,c&le/ick ,h[ to ,make a ,flat ,c&le/ick4--,?is is a good piece ( "w = y to />t ) because x is at once simple1 arti/ic & m or less useful4 ,to make x1 cut out a %eet ( brass #f in*es squ>e & draw a spid] & 8 web & a poor little fly or two mak+ a bee-l9e = x z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #cf4 ,pun* ! outl9e ) y\r *isels & raise ! bodies ( ! insects ) y\r mold+ tools4 ,! gr\nd c be left flat or y c put x 9 ) a m>k]4 ,:5 y h ! boss+ done scallop ! edges ) y\r snips & b5d !m up s t x is #e in*es squ>e4 ,= ! h&le cut a /rip ( brass in* wide & #d in*es long2 raise ! middle ( x by hamm]+ x 9 a groove cut 9 a block ( h>d wood2 b5d x & !n rivet x to a corn] ( ! brass %eet4 ,to make ! r+ :i* holds ! c&le cut out a /rip ( brass #a in* high & #c in*es long & cut out ?ree tongues z %[n at ,b4 ,scribe a circle 9 a corn] ( ! %eet ( brass1 cut ?ree slots on x1 slip ! tongues ?r\gh ! slots & b5d !m ov]4 ,rub ! c&le/ick all ov] ) "s brass poli% & !n cov] ! bottom ) a piece ( gre5 billi>d clo? if y c get x1 or any o!r k9d y may h at h&4 ,x is %[n complete at ,c4 ,h[ to ,make a ,photo ,frame4--,! front ( ?is frame c be made ( brass1 copp] or ,g]man silv] & ! back ( x c be made ( a %eet ( t9 or brass4 ,y c make ! frame r\nd1 oblong or squ>e & ) a r\nd or an oval op5+ 9 x to suit y\r fancy4 ,suppose y make ! outside ( x #g #i in*es & ! oval op5+ #c #e in*es z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,draw or transf] ! design to ! surface ( ! metal & "w x into %ape z ,i h previ\sly describ$4 ,d n cut ! op5+ or trim ! metal %eet to ! size y want !m until aft] y h hamm]$ x z ?is draws ! metal out4 ,aft] y h f9i%$ ! front make a back = x ( %eet t9 or brass1 #e in*es wide & #f in*es long1 & b5d ov] ! edge ( "o end & bo? ( ! side edges in* z %[n at ,b4 ,sold] ! edges to ! back ( ! frame & !n sold] a /ay1 or /& on ! back ( x4 ,?is completes ! frame & ! photograph c be slipp$ 9 x betwe5 ! front & ! back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hamm]$ ,,front ,,! ,,back ,,( ,,! ,,frame ,,fig4 #cg4 ,a ,,rep\ss ,,photo ,,frame ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ,brass1 ,copp] & ,g]man ,silv]4--,to clean any ( ^! metals mix "s p[d]$ rott5 /one ) "s ma*9e oil & rub !m ) a pad made ( a s(t flannel rag4 ,to poli% wipe (f ! rott5 /one & oil p]fectly clean & !n rub ! "w ) a *amois sk9 damp5$ ) alcohol & on :i* y h put "s r$ r\ge4 ,fro/+1 ,color+ & ,lacqu]+ ,metals4--,y w f9d recipes = f9i%+ articles 9 ^! /yles 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,pi]c$ ,metal ,"w ,?is is by all odds ! simple/ & easie/ ( all art metal "w & y won't ne$ any practice to make a good job2 !n ! tools & mat]ials co/ b v little & ! f9i%$ "w is really pretty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mallet ,a ,,trac+ ,,po9t ,,?umb ,,tack a ,,model+ ,,tool b ,,model+ ,,tool ,,/ippl+ ,,awls ,,fig4 #ch;,a4 ,,! ,,tools ,,y ,,ne$ ,,= ,,pi]c$ ,,brass ,,"w ,! ,outfit to ,d ,x ,)4--,! ,tools4--,^! are v few inde$ & include 7#a7 a pe>-%ap$ mallet = /ippl+2 7#b7 a trac+ po9t2 7#c7 a c\ple ( model+ tools2 7#d7 an awl ) a temp]$ po9t1 & 7#e7 a metal fold]1 all ( :i* are %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ch4 ,y w also ne$ 7a7 a %eet ( designs2 7b7 a %eet ( c>bon1 or impression pap]2 7c7 a doz5 or m split %anks to fa/5 ! edges ( ! "w toge!r2 7d7 a draw+ bo>d ab\t #ab #ah in*es on ! sides ( :i* ! %eet metal is tack$ :ile y are work+ x1 & 7e7 "s ?umb tacks = tack+ ! "w to ! bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,c&le ,,%ade ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,c&le ,,%ade ,,fig4 #ch;,b4 ,a ,,pi]c$ ,,brass ,,c&le ,,%ade ,y w ne$ too1 ( c\rse1 ! %eet metal & ?is c be ( brass1 copp] or ,g]man silv] & y c buy %eets ( ^! metals t are already cut out = c&le %ades1 lant]ns1 photo-frames & num]\s o!r articles ) ! designs m>k$ on !m ready to use#ca or y c buy ! %eet metal & ! designs sep>ately & !n transf] & cut !m out y\rself4 #ca ,all tools & mat]ials = pi]c$ metal "w c be b\ght ( ,fro/ & ,adams1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,an outfit = pi]c$ brass "w c be b\ght = z little z #fj c5ts & y c buy any numb] ( brass or copp] cut\ts ) ! designs /amp$ on !m = #be c5ts ea*1 or ( ,g]man silv] = #ej c5ts ea*4 ,h[ to ,d ! ,"w4--,! fir/ ?+ to d is to lay ! %eet ( metal ) ! design on x on y\r draw+ bo>d & fa/5 x !re ) ?umb tacks4 ,n[ ) y\r /ippl+ awl pun* little holes ab\t in* ap>t all along ! outl9e ( ! design4 ,! backgr\nd is !n /ippl$ ) ! awl1 t is1 dott$ all ov] b n pun*$ ?r\gh1 & ! clos] ! dots are ! pretti] x w look4 ,use a small model+ tool to put ! ve9s 9 ! leaves & aft] y h done ?is use a l>g] model+ tool & %ape up ! leaves or :atev] ! design may be4 ,to d ?is grip ! tool 9 y\r h& & press x h>d on ! edge ( ! leaf & =ce x 9 t[>d ! ve9 & at ! same "t ease up on x4 ,?is is all !re is to ! actual "w ( pi]c+ brass4 ,aft] y h made ! design take "s brass poli%1 put x on a little wad ( *eese clo? & rub (f ! rema9+ m>ks & !n poli% x ) a clean clo?4 ,s9ce ! brass or o!r metal = pi]c$ brass "w is v ?9 y w h to back x up ) ?9 wood1 al?\gh c&le %ades & o!r small articles c be us$ z !y are4 ,a design = a c&le %ade is %[n at ,b & ! f9i%$ c&le/ick at ,c1 :ile "o = a toa/ panel t c be hung on ! wall ) a ,v5etian b5t iron hang] :i* ,i describ$ on page #gf is %[n at ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ',tis easy en\gh to be pleasant1 ,:5 life goes by ) a song2 ,b ! nan wor? :ile1 is ! man :o w smile1 ,:5 ev]y?+ else goes wrong4 ,,fig4 #ch;,d4 ,a ,,pi]c$ ,,brass ,,toa/ ,,sign ,ca/+ & ,work+ ,pewt] ,s9ce ne>ly all metals except+ t9 & lead h high melt+ po9ts1 x is h>d to melt !m unless y h a regul> furnace4 ,some?+ ,ab\t ,pewt]4--,b ca/+ metals is a fasc9at+ process & y c d x by melt+ #be p>ts ( lead & #ge p>ts ( t9 toge!r :i* =ms an alloy call$ pewt]4 ,?is alloy is z old z ! hills & = t5 or elev5 c5turies be=e ! gold5 age ( inv5tion--t is to say ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury--pewt] ut5sils 7 us$ 9 ne>ly e home 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,!n came ! inv5tion ( *eap processes = mak+ pott]y & glass & ^? good old h>d alloys kn[n z britannia metal1 :i* is =m$ ( t91 copp] & antimony1 & ,g]man silv]1 :i* is ,g]man all "r1 = x 0 fir/ made at ,hildburghaus51 ,g]many1 b x is n silv] at all = x is =m$ ( nickel1 z9c & copp]1 w5t entirely out ( use4 ,b !re is a dignity & a beauty ab\t pewt] t none ( ! o!r common metals h & x may be reviv$ "o ( ^! days = ef=ts are n[ be+ made to produce x aga9 9 all its =m] glory4 ,h[ to ,make ,pewt]4--,i d n "k ( any place :]e y c buy pewt] b y c easily make ! alloy y\rself4 ,y c get ! lead 9 y\r home t[n :]ev] y live at any plumb+ %op b y may n be able to get ! t9 s easily4 ,y c1 h[ev]1 get x by s5d+ to ! ,conley ,t9 ,foil ,company1 #eba ,we/ #be? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 & at ! pres5t "t !y are quot+ pig t9 9 blocks at #ge c5ts a p\nd4 ,:5 y h ! lead & ! t9 melt ! lead 9 an iron ladle1 see ,fig4 #ci1 ov] ! kit*5 fire & skim (f ! dross1 t is1 ! impurities 9 x t come to ! surface1 & !n put 9 ! t94 ,aft] bo? are melt$ /ir !m well & !n p\r ! alloy ?us =m$1 :i* is pewt]1 9 a pan t is oil$ ) sweet oil1 to keep x f /ick+ & s make %eets ( x ( :atev] ?ickness y want4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,iron ,,ladle ,,= ,,melt+ ,,pewt] ,ab\t ,work+ ,pewt]4--,pewt] c be work$ l any o!r malleable metal1 only easi] because x is s(t] & m ductile1 h5ce x c be hamm]$ into any %ape4 ,x c be ca/ z y w pres5tly see & x c be sold]$ by us+ a flux ( tall[1 ,gallipoli oil or ,v5ice turp5t9e & pewt]]'s sold]1 :i* is made ( #a "p ( lead1 #a "p ( t9 & #b p>ts ( bismu?4#cb ,?is sold] melts at #bjc degrees ,fahr5heit1 t is at a temp]ature ( #i degrees less ?an t at :i* wat] boils4 #cb ,bismu? is a r$di% :ite metal4 ,h[ to ,ca/ ,pewt]4--,! way 9 :i* pewt] is usually ca/ is by mak+ molds ( iron & brass & p\r+ ! metal into !m4 ,b y c d a v good job ( ca/+ pewt] by mak+ & us+ pla/] ( ,p>is molds4 ,9 mak+ any k9d ( ca/+s y ne$ a flask1 t is a wood5 frame made 9 halves1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dj2 ! top half ( ! flask is call$ ! cope & ?is mu/ be fitt$ ) p9s t set 9 holes 9 ! bottom ( ! frame or drag1 z x is call$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,,h[ ,a ,,pewt] ,,ca/+ ,,is ,,made ,:5 ^! p9s set 9 ! holes !y keep ! top & bottom p>ts ( ! flask toge!r s t aft] ! mold is made !y c be tak5 ap>t & ! patt]n remov$ & !n :5 !y are put toge!r aga9 ready = ! metal to be p\r$ !y w be exactly ev54 ,make ! top & bottom halves ( ! flask a c\ple ( in*es l>g] all r\nd & a c\ple ( in*es deep] ?an ! size ( ! patt]n y are go+ to ca/4 ,! ,patt]ns ,necess>y4--,y c saw or turn or c>ve out ( wood any?+ y want to ca/ 9 pewt]1 provid$ x is n too intricate1 & aft] s&pap]+ x nice & smoo? all ov] give x a c\ple ( coats ( %ellac v>ni%4#cc #cc ,?is c be b\ght already made at pa9t /ores or y c make x by dissolv+ "s yell[ %ellac 9 alcohol4 ,if x is y\r idea to make table-w>e ( pewt] y c use ord9>y *9a di%es = y\r patt]ns1 provid$ !y are )\t h&les1 b be=e mak+ a mold ) any k9d ( a patt]n 9 pla/] oil x well all ov] ) sweet oil1 us+ a bru% = ! purpose1 s t x w n /ick & !n y c draw x easily4 ,mak+ ! ,mold4--,lay ! drag1 t is ! l[] half ( ! flask1 on a bo>d or a table2 mix d5tal pla/] ( ,p>is ) wat] until x is ab\t z ?ick z batt] & fill ! drag ) x4 ,j be=e ! pla/] beg9s to set1 t is1 h>d51 take y\r patt]n1 :e!r x is "o y h made or a *9a di%1 oil x & press x d[n into ! pla/] until x is ne>ly ev5 ) ! top edge ( ! patt]n & let x /ay !re until ! pla/] is h>d1 t is1 ov] night4 ,!n bru% sweet oil ov] ! top ( bo? ! patt]n & ! h>d pla/] :i* mu/ come ab\t flu%1 t is ev51 ) ! top ( ! drag4 ,n[ put on ! cope & fill x ) pla/]1 smoo? x (f ev5 ) ! top edge & let ! pla/] get h>d4 ,y\r next move is to lift ! cope f ! drag :i* y c d )\t tr\ble & !n lift ! patt]n f ! drag1 us+ ! po9t ( a knife if x seems incl9$ to /ick4 ,drill a in* hole ?r\gh ! pla/] 9 ! cope1 fit ! cope to ! drag aga9 & !n p\r 9 ! pewt]4 ,:5 x is cold take ! flask ap>t1 take ! ca/+ out g5tly & don't spoil x ev5 if y h to break ! mold4 ,:]e cups1 tank>ds or o!r holl[ vessels are to be ca/ make a mold = x j z ?\gh x 0 a solid piece2 n[ p\r 9 ! melt$ pewt] & :5 x has cool$ en\gh to =m a solid lay] turn ! mold upside d[n & let ! melt$ metal run out :i* w leave x holl[4 ,if h&les are ne$$ ca/ !m sep>ately & sold] !m on to ! body ( ! vessel4 ,"s f9i%$ pewt] w>e is %[n at ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj;,c4 ,,home ,,made ,,pewt] ,,w>e ,f9i%+ ! ,w>e4--,plates & ! l c be scrap$ ) a /eel scrap] & :5 !y are nice & smoo? rub !m ) a rag dipp$ 9 oil & :it+1 b d n poli% !m4 ,if y h a turn+ la! ( any k9d y c put y\r cups & o!r r\nd objects 9 x & turn x up ) a b5t inside turn+ tool1 a flat tool & a r\nd po9t tool su* z is us$ = turn+ brass1 ivory1 etc41 & :i* y c buy = a qu>t] apiece1#cd & ?is w leave ! pewt] bright & beautiful4 #cd ,^! tools c be b\ght ( ,lu!r ,m4 ,wightman1 ,milk ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,engrav+ on ,metal ,engrav+ on metal is a beautiful art4 ,! me?od is simple & ! effect is /rik+ b x requires a good deal ( pati5ce & long practice to d really good "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,tools ,,= ,,engrav+ ,,on ,,metal ,a4 ,%apes ( grav]s4 ,b4 ,h&les = grav]s4 ,! ,tools ,t ,are ,us$4--,engrav+ tools1 or grav]s z !y are call$1 are made 9 t5 or a doz5 %apes b ! knife1 r\nd & loz5ge grav]s w be en\gh to d all ord9>y "w )4 ,! diff]5t %apes are %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,all ( ! grav]s are ab\t ! same l5g?1 t is #d or #e in*es1 & !y are fitt$ ) knob %ap$ h&les a ?ird ( :i* has be5 cut away z %[n at ,b1 s t ! grav] c be gripp$ 9 ! palm ( ! h& ) ! flat side aga9/ x :i* keeps ! tool 9 ! "r position4 ,! way to hold a grav] is %[n at ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da;,c4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,grav] ,h[ to ,engrave on ,metal4--,if ! object to be engrav$ is v small x %\ld be fix$ to a block ( wood ) ! ,burgundy pit* comp\nd above describ$1 b if x is a l>ge object x ne$ n be m\nt$4 ,9 ei!r case an engrav+ pad1 t is1 a r\nd1 ?ick lea!r pad fill$ ) s&1 is a v great conv5i5ce to re/ ! "w on because x p]mits ! "w to be easily turn$ 9 any direction & held at any angle :ile x is be+ engrav$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da;,d4 ,,an ,,engrav+ ,,on ,a ,,%eet ,,( ,,copp] ,roll$ %eet copp] is a good metal to practice on & y c trace ! design y want to engrave on x by dabb+ a ?9 film ( engrav]'s wax#ce on ! metal surface ) y\r f+] & !n sket*+ ! outl9e ) a bone /ylus1 t is a piece ( bone hav+ a %>p po9t4 ,an example ( art engrav+ is %[n at ,d 9 ,fig4 #da4 #ce ,y c use beeswax b x is bett] to make a wax by melt+ toge!r #c p>ts ( beeswax1 #c p>ts ( tall[1 #a "p ( ,canada balsam & #a "p ( olive oil4 ,or y c buy a small cake ( ,*9ese :ite1 wet y\r f+]1 rub x on ! :ite & !n dab x on ! metal surface4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,draw+ ,,simply ,,expla9$ ,free-h& ,draw+ ,a picture made by ! h& & eye & )\t ! aid ( a rule & compass is call$ free-h& draw+4 ,to be able to d free-h& draw+ is "o ( ! nice/ accompli%m5ts y c h = !n y c sket* ! ?+s y see & want to rememb]2 &1 fur!r1 sket*es made ) a p5cil or p5 & ink are1 to my way ( ?9k+1 j z int]e/+ z photographs provid$ !y are well done4 ,tal5t v]sus ,practice4--,"s fell[s h a natural b5t = sket*+ & are :at y might call born arti/s1 :ile o!rs seem to be entirely m9us ?is tal5t & ! only way !y c ev] le>n to sket* is by foll[+ c]ta9 rules & !n practic+4 ,n[ ! *ances are y h a little tal5t b :e!r y h or n if y w foll[ ! simple in/ructions ,i h writt5 d[n 9 ?is *apt] y w be surpris$ to f9d :at really clev] pictures y c draw4 ,pictures = ,y to ,draw4--,!re are two k9ds ( free-h& sket*es = y to d & ^! are 7#a7 ( life models & 7#b7 ( /ill life1 t is1 fruit1 fl[]s1 furniture & inanimate objects ( all k9ds4 ,i %all tell y fir/ h[ to make simple draw+s ( liv+ figures includ+ man & bea/ & by beg9n+ :]e y\r savage ance/or left (f y w be able to at lea/ repres5t any?+ y\r fancy dictates4 ,simple ,l9e ,sket*es4--,z y w see by look+ at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #db1 ! sket*es ( ! man & horse consi/ ( m]ely /raight l9es b y w also obs]ve t ,a looks l a box] because ! action is !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,a ,,simple ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,( ,a ,,man ,,& ,a ,,horse ,?is is because :5 ,i sket*$ x ,i 0 c>eful to note ! exact position ( ! box]'s head1 arms1 legs & body z !y appe>$ at t giv5 mom5t4 ,! keynote 9 sket*+ a figure 9 action is always to draw x1 n z y wi% or believe x to look b z x actually is4 ,! l9e sket*es ,a & ,b only look z l a man l&+ a "r1 & a horse com+ d[n ! home /ret* z !y d because 7a7 all ! l9es are prop]ly proportion$1 t is1 ( ! "r l5g? :5 comp>$ ) ea* o!r1 & 7b7 !y are set 9 ! correct positions4 ,! way to become a good judge ( proportion is always to notice ! relative sizes ( ! ?+s y draw4 ,sket*+ ,simple ,outl9e ,figures4--,:5 y c sket* /raight l9e figures to %[ m5 & animals 9 action y c !n draw outl9es ar\nd !m & s make !m mu* m reali/ic z %[n at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,simple ,,outl9e ,,draw+ ,,( ,a ,,box] ,,& ,a ,,race ,,horse ,to d ?is draw a /raight l9e sket* fir/ & !n draw ! outl9e ar\nd x1 :5 y c rub out ! /raight l9es if y want to4 ,9 ^! outl9e sket*es y w see t only ! l9es t are actually ne$$ to give ! picture ! cont\r1 t is1 ! %ape ( ! figure1 or body1 are us$4 ,! ,proportions ( ! ,human ,figure4--,if y w rememb] :5 y are draw+ a picture ( ! human =m t ! :ole figure f neck to toe %\ld be #g times z long z ! head2 t ! body prop]1 or torso z x is call$1 is #d times z long z ! head2 t ! arms are z long z ! body1 & t ! legs %\ld be #d times ! l5g? ( ! head measur$ to ! inside ( ! crot*1 z y w see if y w look at ,a 9 ,fig4 #dd1 y w h x 9 proportion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd;,a4 ,,! ,,proportions ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,body ,h[ to ,draw ,faces4--,y c easily draw fairly natural look+ faces if y w rule (f a numb] ( squ>es on a %eet ( pap] z %[n at ,b & ,c 9 ,fig4 #dd4 ,! full view ( ! head ( a human be+ is %ap$ l an egg /&+ on its small end1 & ! pr(ile 7pron\nc$ pro-feel7 view1 t is ! side view ( ! head1 is m ne>ly squ>e2 if 9 ! latt] case ! squ>e is divid$ into two triangles1 ! face w be f\nd to ne>ly fill "o ( !m & ! hair ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd;,b4 ,a ,,full ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,face ,bo? ( ^! figures %[ ! "r sizes to make ! eyes1 e>s1 nose & m\?1 t ! eyes are on a l9e ) ! helix1 or upp] bord] ( ! e>s & t ! top ( ! nose is on a l9e ) ! lobe1 or l[] edge ( ! e>4 ,x is mighty good practice to sket* ! faces ( y\r fri5ds 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,sket*+ ,/ill ,life ,objects4--,x is always m or less h>d to sket* inanimate objects ) any?+ l a true portrayal ( !m f memory b x is q easy to d s if y h ! object itself set up be=e y to patt]n aft] & !n draw x z y see x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd;,c4 ,a ,,pr(ile ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,face ,if y c d a cr$itable draw+ 9 ?is mann] ) y\r eye & h& alone x is art1 b if y use a rule or a pair ( divid]s to measure (f ! proportions & !n m>k !m on y\r pap]1 x deg5]ates into a purely me*anical process2 b y c take y\r *oice & d x :i*ev] way y want to4 ,draw+ 9 ,p]spective4--,! fir/ ?+ to "k ab\t draw+ 9 p]spective is :at p]spective means4 ,to d a draw+ ( an object or a view on a %eet ( pap] z x appe>s to ! eye y mu/ draw x 9 p]spective4 ,z an illu/ration1 :5 y look d[n a railroad track y w see t ! rails look v f> ap>t at y\r feet1 b 9 ! di/ance !y seem to come to a po9t & !n vani%2 ?is is q natural = ne>by objects always look l>g] ?an :5 !y are at a di/ance4 ,s too1 :5 y look at ! top ( a box ! edge a w seem long] ?an ! edge b1 :i* is f>!r away f ! eye1 & ! l9es c & d :i* =m ! o!r edges w\ld meet if !y 7 project$ z %[n by ! dott$ l9es at ,a 9 ,fig4 #de1 & ! same ?+ is true = ! front & ! side ( ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de;,a4 ,,! ,,vani%+ ,,po9ts ,,( ,a ,,p]spective ,,draw+ ,! ,vani%+ ,po9t4--,s :5 y draw a box or any o!r object 9 p]spective ! l9es w meet if y draw !m out f> en\gh & !n vani%1 & h5ce ?is is call$ ! vani%+ po9t4 ,to f9d ! vani%+ po9t ( ! surface ( an object1 su* z ! top ( a box1 hold a p5cil out 9 front ( y\rself at arm's l5g? & %ut "o eye1 z %[n at ,b2 !n tilt ! p5cil until x foll[s ! side l9e t y are go+ to draw2 n[ op5 y\r eye & y w see t ! l9e ( ! box t seem$ at fir/ to be /raight is really slant+4 ,draw a l9e on y\r pap] at ?is slant1 or angle z x is call$1 & d ! same ) ! o!r l9e & draw x1 :5 ! two l9es w meet & ?is is ! vani%+ po9t4 ,y c draw 9 n[ ! front & back l9es ( ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de;,b4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,vani%+ ,,po9t ,h\ses & all o!r objects %\ld be drawn ) vani%+ po9ts if !y are to con=m to ! fir/ pr9ciples ( art1 b = c]ta9 k9ds ( me*anical draw+ art is sacrific$ = ! sake ( %[+ ! sizes ( ! object & an abnormal picture results :i* is call$ an isometric p]spective4 ,b h\ses & all o!r l>ge objects %\ld be drawn ) vani%+ po9ts or !y w n look real4 ,a b>n drawn 9 ?is way is %[n at ,c1 & y w see t ! ro( looks p]fectly natural s9ce ! l9es =m+ x run to vani%+ po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de;,c4 ,,! ,,vani%+ ,,po9ts ,,put ,,to ,,use ,h[ to ,%ade a ,draw+4--,:5 y d a draw+ f an object y w see t ! light fall+ on c]ta9 p>ts ( x seems :ite1 or high lights1 z !y are call$1 & on o!r p>ts :]e x does n fall x is d>k4 ,to %ade y\r draw+ s t x w %[ ! lights & %ad[s exactly z ! object does1 y %\ld /udy ! latt]1 & put ! %ad+1 z x is call$1 on ! =m] j z ne>ly l x z y c4 ,b 9 %ad+ a draw+ !re mu/ be no %>p l9es to %[ :]e ! light leaves (f & ! %ad[ beg9s1 b y mu/ make !m m]ge gradually "o into ! o!r1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #de4 ,work+ ,draw+s ,& n[ we come to draw+s ( ano!r k9d & ^! are n int5d$ to please ! eye b to "w f1 h5ce !y are call$ work+ draw+s4 ,:5 mo/ boys1 & _m m51 want to make any?+ ( wood or metal !y get busy ) _! tools =?) & :ack x out willy-nilly & ( c\rse a punk job results4 ,n[ ! "r way to make an article--unless y are go+ to cro*et a sweat]--is to 7#a7 see x 9 y\r m9d's eye1 7#b7 !n draw x out on pap] to scale1 & 7#c7 build x up f ! plan z ! picture is call$4 ,by work+ ?is way y w be able to figure out j h[ mu* mat]ial y w ne$ = x2 see exactly h[ ! v>i\s p>ts fit toge!r1 & "k t x w look j "r :5 x is done4 ,draw+ ,tools ,y ,%\ld ,h4--,draw+ in/rum5ts1 or draw+ tools z !y are commonly call$1 consi/ = ! mo/ "p ( 7#a7 "o or m pairs ( divid]s2 7#b7 "o or m pairs ( compasses ) p5 & p5cil po9ts1 & 7#c7 "o or m rul+ p5s4 ,"o ( ea* ( ! above tools w be en\gh = y to beg9 )4 ,a *eap set is %[n 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,,! ,,draw+ ,,tools ,,y ,,ne$ ,!n y w ne$ 7#d7 a rule1 or scale z x is call$2 7#e7 a protractor2 7#f7 a ,t squ>e #bj in*es long2 7#g7 a #cj degree triangle #e in*es long2 7#h7 "s draw+ pap]#cf n less ?an #aj #ab in*es2 7#i7 a c\ple ( m$ium h>d 7,,hhh7 lead p5cils1#cg 7#aj7 a good rubb] eras]2#ch 7#aa7 a bottle ( ,higg9s' ,india ink1#ci 7#ab7 a few ?umb tacks1 & 7#ac7 a draw+ bo>d ab\t #ab #ag in*es4 ,& n[ let's see :at ^! tools & o!r ?+s are = & h[ !y are us$4 #cf ,get a #b-ply bri/ol bo>d ) a m$ium or smoo? surface4 #cg ,koh-i-noor or ,v5us p5cils are good ones4 #ch ,get ,fab]'s r$ rubb] ,van ,dyke4 #ci ,?is is a prep>$ ,india ink b y c make y\r own by rubb+ up /ick ,india ink ) wat]4 ,a pair ( divid]s is a tool hav+ h+$ legs1 ! free ends ( :i* are po9t$2 !y are us$ to take1 m>k (f & subdivide di/ances4 ,! compasses are made l ! divid]s1 b "o end has a ne$le po9t & ! o!r is holl[ s t ei!r a p5cil or a draw+ p5 po9t c be slipp$ into x2 ?is tool is us$ to draw curves & circles1 ei!r ) a p5cil or 9 ink4 ,a rul+ p5 is =m$ ( two b[$ /eel blades hav+ a screw adju/m5t s t !y c be =c$ toge!r or drawn ap>t & s make l9es ( v>y+ wid?s4 ,n only is a rul+ p5 diff]5t f a writ+ p5 b ! ink t is us$ ) x is ?ick] ?an an ord9>y writ+ ink4 ,?is p5 is us$ to make /raight l9es by runn+ x along ! edge ( a rule or ,t squ>e4 ,a protractor is a semi-circle ( brass or ( ,g]man silv] & x is divid$ into #ahj degrees--s9ce x is half ( a circle & !re are #cfj degrees 9 a circle4 ,y c buy "o = a qu>t]4 ,by plac+ ! edge ( y\r rule 9 ! c5t] ( ! /raight edge ( ! protractor & lay+ x on any "o ( ! l9es--!y are numb]$ f #j to #ahj--y w f9d ! numb] ( degrees ! edge ( ! rule is f ! horizontal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,,! ,t ,,squ>e ,,& ,,triangle ,,on ,,! ,,draw+ ,,bo>d ,! ,t squ>e is laid ) ! head1 t is ! %ort ?ick piece1 aga9/ ! left h& edge ( ! draw+ bo>d :i* br+s ! blade1 t is ! long ?9 piece flat on & across ! bo>d4 ,! triangle is plac$ aga9/ ! /raight edge4 ,! triangle is laid on ! bo>d ) "o ( its edges aga9/ ! blade ( ! ,t squ>e z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dg4 ,simple ,work+ ,draw+s4--,!re are two k9ds ( work+ draw+s t w be ( use to y & ^! are1 7#a7 plan draw+s1 & 7#b7 isometric 7pron\nc$ i-s-met-ric7 draw+s & y w f9d bo? ( ^! q easy to d4 ,mak+ ,plan ,draw+s4--,suppose n[ y want to draw ! plans ( a box :i*1 let's imag9e1 is to be #e in*es high1 #f in*es wide & #h in*es long4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d is to draw out a view ( ! bottom1 :i* also s]ves z ! top s9ce !y are alike1 & y w h a rectangle l t %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #dh1 & m>k ! dim5sions on x1 t is1 ! wid? & ! l5g? ( ! box4 ,?is y d by runn+ a c\ple ( arr[s 9 ea* direction & m>k+ 9 ! size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh;,a4 ,,! ,,plan ,,draw+s ,,= ,a ,,box ,next draw "o ( ! sides z %[n at ,b & ?is w give y ! height & ! l5g? ( ! box & m>k 9 ! sizes1 t is #e & #h in*es accord+ly4 ,f9ally draw ! end & y w h ! height & wid? ( ! box z %[n at ,c & aga9 y m>k 9 ! dim5sions4 ,x is easy to see n[ t if y h all ?ree dim5sions1 namely l5g?1 bread? & ?ickness1 & t if y make a box 9 wood or metal x w look l ! picture %[n at ,d :i* is 9 isometric p]spective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh;,d4 ,,! ,,box ,,drawn ,,9 ,,isometric ,,p]spective ,isometric ,p]spective ,draw+s4--,! k9d ( p]spective draw+s ,i told y h[ to d "u ! caption ( ,draw+ 9 ,p]spective is true p]spective b eng9e]s d draw+s :i* !y call isometric p]spective1 t is1 :ile ! object seems to /& out 9 relief !re are no vani%+ po9ts4 ,?is k9d ( p]spective is purely me*anical & n 9 ! lea/ arti/ic b x is a great aid :5 y int5d to make any?+1 = y c /ill draw ! l9es to scale & see exactly h[ ! f9i%$ object w look4 ,to make a draw+ ( ?is k9d draw a l9e on a %eet ( pap] ne> ! bottom & two #cj degree l9es f ! ends & a v]tical l9e ?r\gh !m :]e !y meet z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #di4 ,n[ !re are f\r ways by :i* y c get ! #cj degree l9es on pap] & ^! are 7#a7 to buy isometric rul$ pap]1 t is pap] on :i* ! l9es are already rul$2 y c buy ?is pap] = #ae c5ts a quire ( any deal] 9 draw+ mat]ials or ( ,keuffel & ,ess]1 #abg ,fulton ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,?is is ! easie/ & be/ way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di;,a4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,l9es ,,= ,,isometric ,,draw+s ,,are ,,made 7#b7 ,take a %eet ( :ite pap] exactly #e in*es wide & #aj in*es long & draw two diagonal l9es f corn] to corn] s t !y w cross ea* o!r1 !n draw a v]tical l9e ?r\gh ! middle & a horizontal l9e ne> ! bottom4 ,! diagonal & horizontal l9es w be #cj degrees ap>t4 7#c7 ,by lay+ a #cj degree triangle on y\r ,t squ>e & draw+ a l9e along ! #cj degree side ( x z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dg2 & 7#d7 by lay+ (f #cj degree l9es ) a protractor4 ,to d ?is tack a %eet ( pap] on y\r draw+ bo>d & draw a horizontal l9e ne> ! bottom ( ! pap] ) y\r ,t squ>e2 put y\r protractor on ! horizontal l9e ne> "o end1 lay ! edge ( ! rule on ! c5t] ( ! protractor & exactly on ! #cj degree scale m>k & !n draw a l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di;,b4 ,a ,,%eet ,,( ,,isometric ,,draw+ ,,pap] ,slide ! protractor on ! opposite side ( ! bo>d1 draw ano!r #cj degree diagonal l9e s t x w cross ! fir/ "o & draw a v]tical l9e d[n ?r\gh ! middle ( ! pap]4 ,hav+1 n[1 y\r %eet ( isometric rul$ pap] y are ready to d ! draw+4 ,:atev] ! picture is to be1 all y ne$ to d is to foll[ ! #cj degree l9es & ! v]tical l9es & y simply c't help gett+ x 9 p]spective4 ,9 draw+ isometric p]spective circles1 su* z :eels1 disks & ! l1 !y are always %[n z ellipses1 t is1 clos$ oblong curves4 ,to draw an isometric ellipse1#dj make x 9 ! proportion ( to #a1 t is1 if x is in* wide1 z we w call its m9or axis1 !n make x #a in* long1 z we w call its major axis1 z %[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #di1 & y w h "o t is ne> en\gh ! "r %ape = y\r purpose2 ?us if y want to %[ a tube or a pipe1 draw x z pictur$ at ,c4 ,n[ ) ^! few pr9ciples well 9 m9d y c make a work+ draw+ ( ne>ly any?+ y please4 #dj ,a m complete description ( isometric ellipses w be f\nd 9 ,inv5t+ = ,boys by ! pres5t au?or & publi%$ by ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,co41 ( ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di;,c4 ,,! ,,proportions ,,( ,,an ,,isometric ,,ellipse ,"s ,simple ,aids to ,draw+ ,h[ to ,draw a ,circle4--,%\ld y ev] want to draw a circle & h no compasses at h& or %\ld y want to draw a l>g] circle ?an y c ) y\r compasses tie a bit ( /rong ?read to a p91 make a loop 9 ! /r+ at :atev] l5g? y want ! radius--t is half ( ! diamet] ( ! circle--to be4 ,?is done1 drive ! p9 9 at ! po9t :]e y want ! c5t] ( ! circle1 put ! po9t ( a lead p5cil 9 ! loop & move x ar\nd ! p91 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ej1 keep+ ! ?read taut & a p]fect circle1 ne>ly1 w result4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej;,a4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,a ,,circle ,,) ,a ,,?read ,h[ to ,draw a ,spiral4--,make a loop 9 "o end ( a ?read z be=e & tie ! o!r end tightly to a l>ge p92 w9d ! ?read ar\nd ! p9 until all ( x is on except ! loop2 pu% ! p9 ?r\gh ! pap] on :i* y want to draw ! spiral & into ! draw+ bo>d z %[n at ,b4 ,next put ! po9t ( ! p5cil 9 ! loop & move x ar\nd ! p9 j z y did 9 mak+ ! circle & y w f9d t y h drawn a v pretty geometrical spiral :i* is kn[n z ! spiral ( ,ar*im$es4 ,x is s call$ because ,ar*im$es 0 ! fir/ to expla9 t x 0 caus$ by a po9t mov+ ) uni=m angul> spe$ & rec$+ f ! c5t] at a con/ant rate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej;,b4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,a ,,spiral ,,) ,a ,,?read ,h[ to ,draw an ,ellipse4--,an ellipse c be drawn 9 ! same way z a circle1 t is1 by means ( a /r+2 b in/ead ( "o p9 y w ne$ two & ea* p9 is driv5 9 at ! foci ( ! ellipse y are to draw z %[n at ,c4 ,simply make a loop ( ! /r+1 slip x ov] ! p9s1 put ! p5cil po9t 9 ! loop & move x ar\nd ! p9s :5 an ellipse w be =m$4 ,h[ to ,make & ,use a ,pantagraph4--,a pantagraph is a simple me*anical l9kage = enl>g+1 copy+ or r$uc+ ! size ( a picture4 ,x is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ea4 ,to make "o ( ^! in/rum5ts get f\r /rips ( wood ab\t in* ?ick1 an in* wide1 & #ah or #bj in*es long4 ,n[ drill in* holes in* ap>t 9 ea* /ick ! :ole l5g? ( x4 ,9 ! ends ( ?ree ( ! /icks make a hole ! size ( a lead p5cil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej;,c4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,draw ,,an ,,ellipse ,,) ,a ,,?read ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,,h[ ,a ,,pantagraph ,,is ,,made ,,& ,,us$ ,make two t9 tubes ea* an in* long & fit !m into ! holes 9 ! ends ( ! /icks & pu% a bit ( p5cil ?r\gh ea* tube2 screw a block ( wood an in* ?ick to y\r draw+ bo>d & screw "o end ( ano!r /ick to ! block & ! /icks toge!r ) screw eyes4 ,n[ tack a %eet ( pap] "u ! p5cil 9 ! free end ( ! /ick & a picture "u ! p5cil 9 ! jo9t$ ends ( ! /icks1 !n trace ! picture ) ! latt]1 & ! o!r p5cil w make an enl>gem5t ( ! picture4 ,by *ang+ ! position ( ! /icks a picture c be copi$ or r$uc$ 9 ! same way4 ,a pantagraph c be b\ght = z little z #be c5ts or = z mu* z #abe4jj4da #da ,a pantagraph c be b\ght ( any deal] 9 art supplies or draw+ mat]ials4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,,h[ ,a ,,reflect+ ,,draw+ ,,bo>d ,,is ,,made ,,& ,,us$ ,h[ to ,make a ,reflect+ ,draw+ ,bo>d4--,?is is a v simple & easily made optical app>atus = copy+ pictures & mak+ draw+s ( flat objects4 ,get a smoo? bo>d1 or y\r draw+ bo>d w d2 make a wood frame & fit an #h #aj %eet ( cle> glass 9 x & screw ! frame to ! middle ( ! bo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #eb4 ,n[ all y h to d is to lay a picture or a flat object1 su* z a leaf or a butt]fly1 on "o side ( ! glass & a %eet ( pap] on ! o!r side & look into ! glass at a %>p slant1 or acute angle w\ld be ! bett] t]m1 & y w see ! picture project$ pla9ly on ! pap] s t y c easily draw x 9 ) a p5cil4 ,h[ to ,make ,trac+s4--,a v easy & effective way to copy any picture already drawn1 or ev5 a photograph1 9 l9e1 is to use trac+ pap]4 ,?is k9d ( pap]1 :i* y c buy ( any deal] 9 draw+ mat]ials1 is q transp>5t & v t\gh4 ,to make a trac+ lay ! draw+ y want to copy on y\r draw+ bo>d1 !n lay ! trac+ pap] on top ( x1 r\gh side up1 & pu% a ?umb tack into ea* corn] to hold !m toge!r4 ,n[ trace ! outl9e ( ! picture ) a p5cil & !n draw 9 ! l9es ) ,india ink4 ,if ! pap] does n take ! ink readily rub ! surface ( x ) a little p[d]$ *alk on a s(t rag4 ,y c make z _m duplicate copies z y want by us+ a pr9t+ frame & blue pap] accord+ to ! directions giv5 9 ! next *apt]4 ,to ,make ,la/+ ,impressions4--,"h is an easy way to make la/+ impressions ( y\r own & y\r fri5ds' f+] pr9ts & h&s4 ,take a %eet ( heavy glaz$ :ite pap]1 say #e #g in*es1 & hold x ov] a k]os5e lamp ) ! *imney remov$ & ! top ( ! burn] ?r[n back s t ! flame w smoke l a locomotive4 ,keep mov+ ! pap] ab\t to make ! soot1 :i* is simply p>ticles ( ne>ly pure c>bon1 cov] ! surface ( ! pap] z ev5ly z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,a ,,la/+ ,,c>bon 7,,soot7 ,,impression ,,( ,,y\r ,,h& ,lay ! smok$ pap] on a table & !n press ! palm ( y\r h& flat d[n on x2 y mu/ be c>eful n to press y\r f+]s d[n too h>d or ! %>pness ( ! f9e l9es w be de/roy$4 ,to get a cle> impression ( ! l9es 9 ! holl[ ( y\r h& press d[n on ! back ( x ) ! f+]s ( y\r o!r h&4 ,aft] y h made ! pr9t1 z ! impression is call$1 p\r on "s fl9t v>ni%1 :i* is ! k9d t photograph]s use to cov] ! films ( glass negatives4 ,y c buy x at any photo supply h\se4 ,p\r a teaspoonful on "o corn] ( ! pap] & let x fl[ d[n & across until ! :ole surface is ev5ly cov]$4 ,z ?is is a g5u9e c>bon process ! pr9ts _c fade & !y w la/ z long z ! pap] la/s4 ,a pr9t ( ?is k9d made by ! au?or #ah ye>s ago is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ec4 ,! ,anci5t & ,honor$ ,art ( ,cutt+ ,silh\ettes4--,s9ce y are ( ! y\ng] g5]ation let me tell y j :at a silh\ette is1 & :y4 ,x is a pr(ile1 or side view1 ( ! head ( a p]son cut out ( black pap] & m\nt$ on a :ite c>d1 or else cut out ( :ite pap] ) a piece ( black silk back ( x s t x looks l a %ad[ 9 m9iature ( ! sitt]4 ,x 0 s call$ aft] ,m4 de ,silh\ette1 a ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance 9 #agei2 8 rigid economy 9 ! conduct ( 8 (fice caus$ 8 "n to be tack$ on to ev]y?+ *eap & z photography _h n yet be5 discov]$ & pa9t$ portraits 7 co/ly1 ! pap] outl9es fill$ 9 ) black 7 ! *eape/ sub/itute kn[n & h5ce ! "n4 ,b z ! ye>s roll$ by silh\ettes became a dignifi$ & honor$ art & s :5 our great gr&fa!r & gr&mo!r want$ to h _! pictures made--n tak5--!y w5t to a %e>s & pa/e arti/ :o cut out _! silh\ettes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,,silh\ettes ,,( ,,y\r ,,great-,,gr&-,,pa ,,& ,,great-,,gr&-,,ma 7,,:5 ,,!y ,,7 ,,"y7 ,:ile ! art ( cutt+ silh\ettes is all b a lo/ "o because photography is s easy & %[s all ! details1 /ill y c make !m ) "s black glaz$ pap] & a pair ( %>p %e>s ) a little practice4 ,take a %eet ( black glaz$ pap]#db ab\t #b in*es wide & #c in*es long & seat y\r sitt] ) ! side ( 8 or h] face turn$ t[>d y4 ,n[ ) a pair ( %>p %e>s beg9 to cut ! pap]1 />t+ at ! *9 & go+ on up ! face to ! hair1 !n ar\nd to ! back ( ! head & f9ally cutt+ out ! coll> & bu/4 #db ,glaz$ pap] c be b\ght at /ation]y /ores or y c get x f ,d5nison ,mfg4 ,co41 #e? ,ave4 & #bf? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,all ! "t y are cutt+ y mu/ keep y\r arti/ic eye on ! pr(ile ( y\r sitt] & y\r me*anical eye on y\r %e>s & pap] & y w be truly surpris$ to f9d h[ little knack x takes to get a reasonably fai?ful lik5ess4 ,a pair ( silh\ettes are %[n 9 ,fig4 #ed4 ,transf] ,pictures1 or ,decalcomania4--,( c\rse y "k :at transf] pictures are4 ,!re are v few boys inde$ :o h n b\ght & us$ little #e c5t packages ( jim-cr[ transf] pictures & y w rememb] t usually only ab\t half ( ! picture transf]r$ came (f4 ,b ?is 0 because !y 7 made = fun & n = real "w4 ,n[ transf] pictures1 or decalcomania 7pron\nc$ de-cal-co-ma-ni-a7 or decalcomanie z ! ,fr5* call x1 f ! ,lat9 de :i* means d[n1 plus calqu]1 :i* is ,lat9 = trace1 plus mania :i* is ,greek = madness1 are us$ by hundr$s ( ?\s&s by pa9t]s & decorators 9 e l9e ( "w4 ,^! pictures are made ) skill & c>e & :5 us$ prop]ly w n break or come (f4 ,^! transf] pictures c be b\ght 9 #aj1jjj diff]5t subjects & co/ f #a c5ts to a c\ple ( doll>s ea*4 ,! pictures include e subject imag9able f simple little fl[]s to birds ) wond]ful plumage & f cupids 9 gr\ps to _w's fair build+s2 !n !re are lett]s & monograms & beautiful cre/s & coats-(-arms 9 gold & brilliant colors4 ,:5 y get ready to d decalcomanie write to ,palm1 ,fe*tel] & ,company1 #fg ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york1 or to _! we/]n bran* at #ed ,we/ ,lake ,/reet1 ,*icago1 ,ills41 = a price-li/ & ?is w give y a description1 ! height & l5g? ( ea* picture1 ! numb] ( pictures on a %eet & ! price p] %eet4 ,h[ to ,transf] ! ,pictures4--,! regul> pictures c be transf]r$ to wood1 metal1 pa9t$ surfaces1 etc41 b in/ead ( soak+ !m 9 wat] alone z y us$ to ) ! toy pictures y give ! face ( !m a v ?9 coat ( a good1 quick dry+1 rubb+ v>ni% :i* y c get at a pa9t /ore1 or bett]1 use a transf] v>ni% :i* y c buy ( ! above company = #ce c5ts = a p9t c4 ,aft] y h appli$ ! v>ni% to ! face ( ! picture let x dry until x is v tacky2 n[ put ! face ( ! transf] d[n on ! surface1 wet x ) wat] on a sponge & roll x d[n h>d ) a felt roll]4 ,9 a c\ple ( m9utes wet ! pap] aga9 ?or\ghly ) wat] & peel x (f2 roll x d[n at once ) a wet felt roll] & tap x (f ) a piece ( *amois sk94 ,aft] ! design or picture has dri$ = #bj m9utes or s1 ! v>ni% ar\nd x c be remov$ by damp5+ x ) dilute turp5t9e1 ammonia or1 bett]1 ) a det]g5t made ( equal p>ts ( turp5t9e & crude oil & imm$iately rubb+ x away lightly & quickly ) a dry1 s(t rag4 ,aft] ! picture has be5 transf]r$ z above1 x %\ld be giv5 "o or m protect+ coats ( v>ni% ! next day4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,"s ,,k9ks ,,9 ,,photography ,s9ce ! slogan y press ! button & we'll d ! re/ has come to be s well kn[n ev]ybody makes photographs4 ,b !re are a numb] ( k9ks 9 & side issues ( photography t are amus+1 in/ructive or useful & :i* if y d n already "k ab\t w prove ( s]vice to y4 ,h[ to ,make ,blue ,pr9ts4--,?is is ! v simple/ & "o ( ! mo/ useful k9ds ( photography4 ,y ne$ b v little mat]ial to make ! pictures ) & ! little y ne$ w co/ less ?an a doll>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,a ,,photo ,,pr9t+ ,,frame ,! ,mat]ials ,requir$4--,buy1 or y c make1 7#a7 a #e #g pr9t+ frame z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ee & get a %eet ( cle> glass to fit x1 & 7#b7 a c\ple ( doz5 %eets ( #e #g blue-pap]#dc :i* y c buy at any photographic supply h\se4 #dc ,y c make blue pr9t pap] by dissolv+ ammonium f]ric citrate 9 w>m wat] & coat+ ! surface ( ! pap] ) x by float+ x on top ( ! solution4 ,n[ take "o ( ! draw+s y h made on trac+ pap] or on trac+ clo? ) ,india ink z ,i describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt] & lay x ) its ink$ surface on ! glass2 lay on ?is a %eet ( blue-pap] ) its s5sitiz$ side on ! trac+ pap] or clo?2 put ! back ( ! pr9t+ frame on top ( ! blue-pap]1 press ! spr+s into place & set ! frame 9 ! sunlight4 ,e few m9utes op5 a half ( ! h+$ back ( ! pr9t+ frame & take a look at ! blue pap] to see if ! pr9t+ is f> en\gh along4 ,:5 ! l9es ( ! draw+ %[ pla9ly on x take ! pr9t out ( ! frame & wa% x1 z x is call$1 by lett+ wat] run on x or by putt+ x ?r\gh sev]al *anges ( wat]4 ,:5 x is well wa%$ hang x up on a l9e by a corn] to dry & y w h a good1 cle> pr9t ) :ite l9es on a blue gr\nd4 ,9 ?is way by us+ a negative t y h made ) a cam]a1 especially if x is a m>9e view1 y c get "s v pretty & arti/ic pictures4 ,ano!r ,k9d ( ,contact ,pr9t+4--,if y l nature y c use ! above process ( contact pr9t+ to f9e advantage4 ,in/ead ( blue pap] x is bett] to use :at is kn[n z solio pap]#dd or silv] pap]4#de #dd ,solio pap] is coat$ fir/ ) gelat9 & !n ) silv]4 #de ,silv] pap] is coat$ fir/ ) album5 & !n ) silv]4 ,to make a contact silv] pr9t fir/ put a f9ely ve9$ leaf1 ! filmy w+ ( a butt]fly1 a piece ( delicate lace or any o!r ?91 transluc5t object on ! glass 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 lay a %eet ( solio1 or silv] pap] ov] x1 !n put ! back 9 ! frame & fix ! spr+s4 ,set ! frame s t ! sunlight w fall full on ! glass side ( x4 ,f "t to "t op5 half ( ! h+$ back & see h[ ! pr9t is com+ on2 make ! pr9t a c\ple ( %ades d>k] ?an y want x :5 f9i%$1 b be c>eful n to ov]expose x = silv] pap] pr9ts mu* quick] ?an blue pap]4 ,to ,tone & ,fix ! ,picture4--,to tone a silv] pr9t means to *ange its color & give x m brilliancy & ?is is done by putt+ x 9 a *emical solution made ( *loride ( gold1 or ton+ ba? z x is call$4 ,to fix a pr9t means to treat x s t ! light w no long] act ^u x & ?is is done ) a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda or j hypo z x is call$ = %ort4 ,! easie/ way to tone & fix y\r silv] pr9ts is to buy a bottle ( solio ton+ solution#df :i* is a comb9$ ton+ & fix+ ba?4 ,take ! pr9t f ! frame & d n wa% x b put x into a tray 9 :i* y h mix$ #b ounces ( solio ton+ solution & #d ounces ( cold wat]4 #df ,x c be b\ght at any /ore :]e photographic mat]ials are sold or y c make x y\rself f ! =mula giv5 on ?is page4 ,:5 ! pr9t takes on ! prop] color put x into ano!r tray conta9+ a solution made ( #a ounce ( salt & #cb ounces ( wat]2 let x /ay 9 ?is ba? = #e m9utes to /op ! ton+4 ,n[ put ! pr9t into ano!r tray & wa% x 9 #af *anges ( wat] or 9 runn+ wat] = an h\r4 ,if y make a half or a doz5 pr9ts at once y c tone & fix !m at ! same "t4 ,recipe = a ,comb9$ ,ton+ & ,fix+ ,solution4--,to make a comb9$ ton+ & fix+ ba? mix up two solutions1 call$ /ock solutions1 z foll[s3 ,/ock ,solution ,a4--,dissolve 9 #bj ounces ( cold wat] #b ounces ( hypo1 #a ounces ( alum 9 cry/als & an ounce ( granulat$ sug>4 ,!n dissolve an ounce ( borax 9 #b ounces ( hot wat] & mix x ) ! hypo solution2 let x /& ov] night & !n p\r (f ! cle> liquid4 ,/ock ,solution ,b4--,dissolve ( a gra9 ( pure *loride ( gold & #cb gra9s ( acetate ( lead 9 #d ounces ( wat]4 ,n[ :5 y want to tone a picture or half a doz5 #d #e pr9ts1 take #d ounces ( ! /ock solution ,a & an ounce ( ! /ock solution ,b & p\r !m into a tray & tone !m z ,i h previ\sly describ$4 ,! ,simple/ ,k9d ( a ,cam]a4--,:5 y c buy a real cam]a = two or ?ree doll>s x seems ( little use to make "o1 s j consid] ! cam]a ,i %all describe z a sci5tific curiosity r ?an an app>atus ( utility4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,,an ,,easily ,,made ,,p9-,,hole ,,cam]a ,a4 ,cross section %[+ ! not*$ /rips4 ,b4 ,! way ! %utt] works4 ,to make a p9-hole cam]a1 s call$ because a p9 hole takes ! place ( a l5s1 =m a box ( pa/ebo>d or ( ?9 wood #d in*es squ>e & #h in*es long2 cut a hole ( an in* 9 diamet] 9 "o end = ! p9 hole4 ,fit a /rip ( wood an in* ?ick & #d in*es long1 hav+ not*es cut into x to a dep? ( in*1 to ! sides ( ! box z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,^! not*$ /rips are to hold a s5sitiz$ dry plate4#dg ,next make a %utt]1 t is1 a little device to op5 & close ! p9-hole2 x is simply a bit ( %eet brass #b in*es long1 in* wide at "o end & an in* wide at ! o!r end z %[n at ,b4 ,drill a hole in* 9 diamet] 9 ! c5t] ( ! /rip ( brass & pivot ?is to ! front ( ! box s t x is on a horizontal l9e ) ! c5t] ( ! hole4 #dg ,a dry plate is a %eet ( glass coat$ on "o side ) gelat9 & bromide ( silv] :i* makes x s5sitive to light4 ,n[ to make ! p9-hole1 & c]ta9ly no p9-hole 0 ev] m important ?an ?is "o4 ,glue a ?ick piece ( nice smoo? t9foil ov] ! hole on ! inside ( ! box & ) a fairly good-siz$ p91 or bett] a ne$le1 prick a smoo? hole 9 ! c5t] ( x4 ,y are ready n[ to take a picture & to d s slip a %eet ( gr\nd glass#dh into ! grooves 9 ! cam]a up close & !n f>!r back until y c see ! picture pla94 ,?is done take ! cam]a into y\r d>k-room1#di & load a dry plate into x1 put ! cov] on ! box & fa/5 a black clo? ov] x ) a rubb]-b& z %[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #ef4 #dh ,y w f9d directions = mak+ x 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 #di ,a d>k room mu/ be us$ because a ray ( any k9d ( light except r$ w spoil a dry plate ! in/ant x /rikes x4 ,a r$-lamp c be b\ght = a qu>t] or y c make "o & ei!r use a %eet ( r$ glass or r$ d>k-room pap]4 ,g out & po9t y\r cam]a at ! object y want to photograph1 be x a l&scape1 a seascape or a scapegoat1 press d[n on ! lev] = a second1 let g ( x :5 x w drop back & cov] ! p9-hole aga9 & ! exposure is made4 ,h[ to ,develop a ,dry ,plate4--,next take y\r cam]a into y\r d>k-room & develop ! plate1 t is1 imm]se x 9 a *emical solution call$ a develop] to br+ ! picture out on x4 ,to d ?is y mu/ get a tray & put ! expos$ dry-plate 9 x1 film side up1 & p\r ! develop] ov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef;,c4 ,,! ,,p9-,,hole ,,cam]a ,,complete ,,) ,,clo? ,,& ,,rubb] ,,b& ,rock ! tray aft] y h p\r$ ! develop] ov] ! plate to keep ! solution fl[+ =? & back ev5ly ov] x all ! "t4 ,:5 y see ! image v pla9ly take ! plate out ( ! develop]1 wa% x 9 clean wat] & !n lay x ) ! film side up 9 a tray conta9+ ! fix+ ba?4 ,let ! negative--:5 ! plate is expos$ & develop$ x is call$ a negative--rema9 9 ! fix+ ba? until all ! :ite p>ts1 t is1 ! free silv] :i* 0 n affect$ by ! light1 h disappe>$ & !n let a g5tle /ream ( wat] run on x = an h\r or wa% x 9 #af *anges ( clean wat]4 ,/& x 9 a negative rack ov] night to dry & !n y c make pr9ts f x4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,develop]4--,y c make a good1 tri$ & true develop] 9 two solutions z foll[s3 ,pyro ,solution1 ,a4--,take #a ounce ( pyrogallic acid1 call$ pyro = %ort1 dissolve x 9 #bh ounces ( wat] & !n add #bj m9ims ( sulphuric acid4 ,soda ,solution1 ,b4--,dissolve #b ounces ( desiccat$#ej c>bonate ( soda & #c ounces ( sulphite ( soda 9 #bh ounces ( wat]4 #ej ,desiccate means ?or\ghly dry4 ,:5 y want to develop a plate mix an ounce ( ! pyro solution & an ounce ( ! soda solution ) #d ounces ( wat] & to d ?is y ne$ a graduat$ glass4 ,h[ to ,make a ,fix+ ,ba?4--,to make a good fix+ ba? = dry plates dissolve #a ounce ( hypo1 #fj gra9s ( sulphite ( soda 9 cry/als & ounce ( borax 9 #bj ounces ( wat]4 ,a develop] c only be us$ = "o or two plates b y c fix #ej plates 9 ! same fix+ ba?4 ,a ,good & ,*eap ,cam]a4--,to take real pictures y want a real cam]a4 ,n[ !re are _m k9ds ( h& cam]as b !re is only "o size t ,i am go+ to try to int]e/ y 9 & t is "o :i* w make pictures #c #d in*es4 ,) a cam]a ( ?is size y c take nicely proportion$ little pictures to give to y\r fri5ds1 to keep 9 y\r album1 to make enl>gem5ts ( & to make lant]n slides ( by direct contact pr9t+ & ?is w save y a lot ( tr\ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,,two ,,*eap ,,& ,,good ,,cam]as ,a4 ,a ,br[nie box kodak4 ,b4 ,a fold+ kodak4 ,! *eape/ #c #d cam]a y c buy is a ,no4 #c ,br[nie box kodak1#ea see ,a ,fig4 #eg1 :i* co/s ab\t #c4jj4 ,a fold+ ,no4 #c ,br[nie cam]a1 %[n at ,b1 w s]ve y\r ne$s mu* bett] & ?is "o w co/ y 9 ! neighborhood ( #e4ej1 or y c buy a ,graflex cam]a#eb = #ge4jj if fa!r is ri* & "m doesn't c>e4 #ea ,^! cam]as c be b\ght mo/ any:]e or y c s5d to ! ,ea/man ,kodak ,company1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #eb ,) ?is k9d ( a cam]a y c see ! object y are photograph+ up to ! v in/ant y snap ! %utt]4 ,e good cam]a has :at is call$ a rectil9e> l5s1 t is1 a comp\nd l5s =m$ ( two a*romatic l5ses1 :i* means t ea* acromatic l5s is made up aga9 ( two l5ses "o ( :i* is ( cr[n glass & ! o!r is ( fl9t glass1 & ^! two latt] l5ses are cem5t$ toge!r ) ,canada balsam4#ec #ec ,?is is a cle> gum t is obta9$ f a tree call$ ! ,canada balsam4 ,n[ :]eas a common convex l5s w produce all ! colors ( ! ra9b[ ar\nd its edges :5 a ray ( light passes ?r\gh x1 an acromatic l5s lets ?r\gh only ! :ite light & :ile a s+le convex l5s makes ! /raight l9es ( a build+ curv$ 9 ! picture1 an acromatic l5s keeps all ! l9es /raight1 or rectil9e>1 & h5ce its "n4 ,^! little cam]as are fill$ ) me*anical snap %utt]s & !y use roll films1 t is ! s5sitive silv] & gelat9e emulsion is spread on a ?9 celluloid film in/ead ( on glass plates4 ,^! roll films come on spools 9 l5g?s ( & #a doz5 ea* & !y c be load$ into ! cam]a 9 daylight4 ,! same k9d ( develop+ & fix+ solutions are us$ = films t are us$ = dry-plates4 ,h[ to ,make an ,enl>g+ ,app>atus4--,to make an enl>g$ picture ( a small negative take out ! back ( y\r cam]a & get two p]fectly cle> %eets ( glass to fit ! op5+4 ,make a box ( in* ?ick wood1 #f in*es wide1 #f in*es long & #g in*es high & h ! top ( x sep>ate s t x c be lift$ (f & put on ! box4 ,9 ! middle ( ! top ne> "o edge cut a hole #a in*es 9 diamet] & put an electric light socket--to :i* a cord & plug is fix$--9 x z f> z x w g & !n screw 9 a nitrog5 #ajj watt electric lamp#ed :i* gives ab\t #ge c&le p[]1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #eh4 #ed ,! ,delco ,light ,co41 #eb ,p>k ,place1 ,new ,york1 sells ^! lamps & all o!r electrical supplies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh;,a4 ,a ,,home-,,made ,,enl>g+ ,,app>atus ,! lamp set 9 ! top ( ! illum9at+ box4 ,cut a hole out ( ! front bo>d #c x #d in*es & fa/5 a %eet ( gr\nd glass#ee or1 bett]1 ( opal glass#ef ov] ! op5+4 ,get a %eet ( bright t9 #f in*es wide & #aj in*es long1 b5d x into a semi-circle & set x 9 ! box s t x w reflect ! light f ! lamp 9 front ( x ?r\gh ! gr\nd glass scre5 z %[n at ,b4 #ee ,gr\nd glass c be b\ght at a glazi]'s or y c make x z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 #ef ,opal glass4 ,next make a /& = hold+ ! bromide pap]#eg :i* is to be us$ = ! enl>gem5t4 ,ab\t ! easie/ way to d ?is is to take a #a in* ?ick bo>d #f in*es wide & saw (f a piece #ab in*es long4 ,fa/5 y\r draw+ bo>d to x ) a c\ple ( angle blocks z %[n at ,d1 & y are ready to make an enl>gem5t4 #eg ,bromide pap] is a pap] s5sitiz$ ) a comp\nd ( silv] & brom9e4 ,h[ to ,make an ,enl>gem5t4--,:5 y h ! app>atus ready set ! cam]a & ! illum9ator1 z ! box ) ! light 9 x is call$1 on ano!r table4 ,put ! negative betwe5 two pla9 %eets ( glass & !n fa/5 !m to ! cam]a ) a c\ple ( l>ge rubb] b&s2 set ! illum9ator ) ! gr\nd-glass scre5 close up aga9/ ! negative 9 ! back ( ! cam]a1 z %[n at ,c4 ,n[ set ! draw+ bo>d /& ab\t #d feet away f ! l5s ( ! cam]a to make an #h #aj enl>gem5t4 ,op5 ! %utt]1 turn on ! light & focus ! cam]a1 t is1 move ! /& to & f ! cam]a until ! enl>g$ picture is %>p4 ,:5 y get x s1 close ! %utt] & cov] up ! cracks :]e ! light leaks ?r\gh ) a d>k clo?4 ,make ! room p]fectly d>k except = y\r d>k-room light & !n put a %eet ( bromide pap] on ! draw+ bo>d ) ?umb tacks4 ,op5 ! %utt] ( ! l5s & expose ! pap] to ! light pass+ ?r\gh ! negative & !n close x aga94 ,! bromide pap] is develop$ & fix$ j l a dry plate :5 y\r enl>gem5t is done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh;,b4 ,a ,,home-,,made ,,enl>g+ ,,app>atus ,b4 ,! illum9ator %[+ ! t9 reflector 9 x4 ,c4 ,! cam]a4 ,d4 ,! /& = hold+ ! bromide pap]4 ,9 h&l+ bromide pap] y mu/ be almo/ z c>eful z y are ) dry plates or films4 ,be=e mak+ a picture x is a good s*eme to te/ ! l5g? ( "t to expose ! pap]4 ,to d ?is take a %eet ( bromide pap] & cut x into /rips #a in* wide & #aj in*es long2 fa/5 a /rip at a "t diagonally across ! bo>d & expose ! fir/ "o = say #e m9utes & !n develop x1 :5 y c usually tell ab\t h[ long ! exposure %\ld be4 ,a ,develop] = ,bromide ,pap]4--,a good /ock solution develop] = bromide pap]1 velox pap]1 films & dry plates c be made by add+ ^! *emicals to #be ounces ( hot wat] 9 ! ord] nam$ & /irr+ 9 ea* "o until x is dissolv$2 elon ounce2 desiccat$ sulphite ( soda #a ounces2 hydro*9on ounce2 desiccat$ c>bonate ( soda #e ounces2 potassium bromide #cj gra9s & wood alcohol #c ounces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh;,c4 ,a ,,home-,,made ,,enl>g+ ,,app>atus ,e4 ,cross section top view ( ! enl>g+ app>atus4 ,?is develop] w keep = a long "t if ! bottle conta9+ x is kept full1 o!rwise ! air w act on x4 ,to develop six #h #aj bromide pr9ts use #a ounce ( ! /ock solution & #f ounces ( wat]4 ,to fix bromide pr9ts keep !m mov+ 9 a ba? made by dissolv+ #h ounces ( hypo 9 #b qu>ts ( wat] & !n add+ ounce ( metabisulphite ( potassium & ounce ( p[d]$ alum4 ,let ! pr9ts rema9 9 ?is ba? = ab\t #aj m9utes & !n wa% !m ?or\ghly4 ,h[ to ,make a ,reflectoscope4--,a reflectoscope is a k9d ( magic lant]n b in/ead ( us+ transp>5t glass slides y c use any picture or opaque object su* z ! works ( a wat*1 y\r h&1 etc1 & ?r[ an image ( x on ! scre54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei ,a ,,*eaply ,,made ,,reflectoscope ,a4 ,! projector4 ,b4 ,! illum9ator4 ,if y h a fold+ cam]a#eh y c conv]t x into a d&y reflectoscope1 s get busy ) y\r tools4 ,make a box--x is really two boxes fa/5$ toge!r--( ! peculi> %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #ei1 & x c be ( wood or ( metal z y wi%4 #eh ,a box cam]a c n be us$ because its focus is fix$4 ,fir/ make ! l>g] box1 :i* we w call ! projector1 & ?is %\ld be #d in*es long1 #e in*es wide & #e in*es high#ei--;& leave ! front1 back & "o side (f4 ,to ! top & bottom fa/5 on two wood cleats an in* squ>e & #e in*es long to fix ! projector to ! cam]a )4 ,?is box is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ei4 #ei ,x mu/ fit ! back ( y\r cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei;,c4 ,a ,,cross ,,section ,,top ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,reflectoscope ,?is done1 make ano!r box = ! illum9ator #c in*es wide1 #c in*es long on "o side1 & #d in*es long on ! o!r side1 & #e in*es high4 ,b5d a piece ( bright t9 = ! reflector & set ?is 9 ! back z %[n at ,b4 ,cut a #a in* hole ?r\gh ! top = an electric lamp z describ$ 9 ! directions = mak+ an enl>g+ lant]n2 ! top %\ld be tight fitt+ b s made t x c be tak5 (f & put on at y\r pleasure4 ,n[ glue1 screw1 sold] or o!rwise fix ! two boxes toge!r & ! reflect+ "p ( ! app>atus is done4 ,to complete x fa/5 ! back ( y\r cam]a to ! cleats on ! top & bottom ( ! box ) /rong rubb] b&s z %[n at ,c1 :i* is a top view ( ! reflectoscope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei;,d4 ,,! ,,reflectoscope ,,ready ,,= ,,use ,to ,use ! ,reflectoscope4--,tack a :ite %eet to ! wall & set ! reflectoscope at a di/ance ( ab\t #aj feet f x ) ! l5s po9t+ t[>d x1 ( c\rse4 ,next turn on ! light 9 ! box & turn (f all ! lights 9 ! room & make x z d>k z y c4 ,hold a picture ( any k9d aga9/ ! op5+ 9 ! back ( ! projector box & !n focus ! cam]a until ! picture on ! scre5 is z %>p z y c get x4 ,! way ! reflectoscope works is l ?is3 ! picture is project$ ^u ! scre5 9 virtue ( ! fact t ! direct light f ! lamp1 z well z t portion ( x :i* is reflect$ back by ! t91 is ?r[n aga9/ ! surface ( ! picture or object held 9 ! op5+2 f ?is ! light is reflect$ ?r\gh ! l5s :i* enl>ges x & projects x on ! scre54 ,h[ to ,make a ,magic ,lant]n4--,to make a magic lant]n out ( a cam]a is j z easy z x is to make a reflectoscope b y w h to buy a cond5s+ l5s#fj & ?is w co/ #ej c5ts to #a4jj1 accord+ to size4 #fj ,! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,app>atus ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 sells a #b in* cond5s+ l5s = #ej c5ts2 a #c in* "o = #ge c5ts1 & a #d in* "o = #a4aj4 ,= ?is lant]n y c use ei!r a box or a bell[s cam]a1 ?\gh ! latt] is bett] because ! picture c be focus$4 ,:i*ev] y use make a base ( a #a in* ?ick bo>d1 #e in*es wide & #ad in*es long & nail or screw two /rips ( wood an in* wide1 in* high & #h in*es long along ! edges on "o side z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #fj4 ,if y\r cam]a is ( ! box k9d set x 9 betwe5 ! /rips on ! base on ! front end1 b if x is ( ! bell[s type !n y w h to make a %elf = x z %[n at ,b to hold ! cam]a 9 place z %[n at ,c4 ,next make an illum9ator z describ$ above 9 ! text ,h[ to ,make an ,enl>g+ ,app>atus1 b in/ead ( cov]+ ! front ) gr\nd glass make a bo>d to fit x & cut a hole 9 x ! exact size ( ! cond5s+ l5s4 ,?is l5s is a plano or a d\ble convex l5s z %[n at ,d & :ile x %\ld be #d in*es 9 diamet] to get all ( ! picture on ! scre5 y c use a l5s z small z #b in*es ?\gh all ( ! picture w n %[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,base ,,( ,,! ,,lant]n ,,! ,,frame ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,pocket ,,fold+ ,,cam]a ,,h[ ,,! ,,cam]a ,,is ,,fix$ ,,to ,,! ,,frame ,,plano ,,convex ,,d\ble ,,convex ,,cond5s+ ,,l5ses ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,lant]n ,,slide ,,hold]s ,,front ,,bo>d ,,illum9ator ,,fig4 #fj4 ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,a ,,home-,,made ,,magic ,,lant]n ,cut out six clips ( %eet brass in* wide & an in* long & pun* a hole 9 ! end ( ea* piece4 ,screw ?ree ( ^! clips to ea* side ( ! bo>d at equi-di/ant po9ts ar\nd ! hole s t ! end ( ea* "o projects ov] ! edge ( ! hole in*4 ,n[ put ! l5s 9 ! hole & adju/ ! ends ( ! clips s t !y w hold ! l5s 9 place z %[n at ,e4 ,! next & la/ ?+ to d is to cut two /rips ( t9 or brass #a in* wide & #c in*es long & b5d ea* "o ov] ! long way z %[n at ,f2 pun* ?ree holes ne> ! l[] edge ( ea* "o & screw "o ( !m above & "o bel[ ! cond5s+ l5s on ! bo>d #c in*es ap>t z %[n at ,e4 ,^! b5t /rips =m ! hold] = ! lant]n slides4 ,! magic lant]n complete is %[n at ,g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj;,g4 ,,! ,,magic ,,lant]n ,,ready ,,= ,,use ,h[ to ,"w ! ,lant]n4--,tack a b$-%eet up on ! wall2 turn on ! light 9 ! illum9ator & turn (f all ! lights 9 ! room2 slip a lant]n slide upside d[n 9 ! hold] & !n pu% ! re> end ( ! cam]a--hav+ fir/ tak5 out ! back--close up to ! lant]n slide hold]4 ,if y are us+ a box cam]a move ! :ole lant]n back until ! picture is z l>ge z y want x & x is /ill bright en\gh4 ,if x is a pocket fold+ cam]a y c focus x & get a picture ) mu* bett] def9ition4 ,h[ to ,make ,lant]n ,slides4--,a lant]n slide is a %eet ( glass ) a transp>5t picture on x4 ,a /&>d lant]n slide is #c #d in*es & "o ( ?is size c be us$ 9 any full siz$ magic lant]n or /]eopticon4#fa #fa ,a /]eopticon is really two magic lant]ns1 b ! ^w is n[ (t5 us$ to mean a high-grade magic lant]n4 ,to make lant]n slides by direct contact pr9t+ is n a h>d ?+ to d at all1 & all ! equipm5t y ne$ to make !m besides ! *emicals is a pr9t+ frame4 ,put a %eet ( clean glass 9 x & lay y\r negative on x ) ! film side up4 ,n[ lay ! lant]n slide plate#fb ) ! film side d[n on ! negative j z ?\gh y 7 go+ to make a pr9t1 b y mu/ make x 9 y\r d>k room1 us+ a :ite light to expose x ( c\rse1 = x is j z s5sitive z a dry plate or a film4 ,:5 y expose x hold ! pr9t+ frame ab\t #ab in*es away f ! light4 #fb ,lant]n slide plates c be b\ght at any photographic supply h\se4 ,a lant]n slide plate is develop$1 fix$ & wa%$ exactly l a dry plate b to get ! be/ results y %\ld use ! k9d ( develop] call$ = 9 ! directions t come ) ! plates4 ,:5 y h ! lant]n slide made1 place a %eet ( cle> glass ( ! same size--call$ ! cov]-glass--on ! film side ( x & b9d ! edges ) passep>t\t b9d+1 t is a /rip ( pap] gumm$ on "o side4 ,x is !n ready = use4 ,h[ to ,make ,radium ,photographs4--,y c make radium photographs1 or skiagraphs z !y are call$1 ) any "o ( a numb] ( radioactive sub/ances & at a v small outlay4 ,! f\r mo/ important radioactive sub/ances1 if we except radium itself1 are black uranium oxide1 pit*bl5de1 ?orium nitrate & uranium nitrate4 ,y c buy any "o ( ^! sub/ances 9 a glass /opp]$ bottle = #a4jj or ! set ( f\r = #c4ej4fc #fc ,! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,app>atus ,co41 ,bo/on1 c>ries ^! radioactive sub/ances 9 /ock4 ,:ile ! radioactivity ( ^! sub/ances is l[ x is suffici5t to make a %ad[-picture--& ?is is all t an ,x-ray picture is--( a co9 or o!r small object if x is laid on top ( a dry plate seal$ 9 a black pap] envelope1 :i* is opaque to ! light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,a ,,photograph ,,( ,a ,,co9 ,,made ,,) ,,radium ,t is1 ! co9 is laid on ! envelope conta9+ ! dry plate1 & ! bottle ) ! radioactive sub/ance 9 x is laid on top ( ! co94 ,let !m rema9 undi/urb$ 9 ?is way = a c\ple ( days & y w f9d on develop+ ! plate a v good radiograph1 or %ad[ picture ( ! co9 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fa4 ,trick ,photography ,_s ,photographs4--,:5 photography 0 "y ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ! great a/ronom]1 got up :at he call$ magic photographs & ^! h be5 work$ "u ! "n ( _s photographs by half ( ! m$iums 9 ! bus9ess4 ,! idea is to %[ ! victim ( sup]/ition 8 future wife or h] future husb&4 ,to ?is end ! m$ium %[s a piece ( p]fectly blank pap] ab\t an in* squ>e4 ,%e--sometimes x's a he--!n dips ! bit ( pap] into a sauc] ( :at seems to be ord9>y1 common e day wat] & ) mu* dignity & my/icism presses x to ! =ehead ( ! a=esaid n9ny :o w\ld fa9 "k :at ! p>tn] ( 81 or h] joys & sorr[s w look l4 7,:at's ! use :5 !y w "k s well aft]w>d87 ,be t z x may1 :5 ! m$ium removes ! bit ( pap] f ! simpleton's =ehead a photograph has really & truly appe>$ on x &--!re y are6 7,fifty c5ts1 please47 ,n[ ! trick is done l ?is & y c h "s fun repeat+ x4 ,pr9t "s photos po/age-/amp size ( boys & girls on ord9>y silv] pap] & fix !m 9 hypo dissolv$ 9 wat] b don't tone !m2 wa% !m well & !n soak !m 9 a saturat$ solution#fd ( bi*loride ( m]cury :i* w blea* out ! picture & leave ! pap] p]fectly :ite aga92 ?is done dry ! pap] & put x away until y want to use x4 #fd ,a saturat$ solution ( bi*loride ( m]cury is "o 9 :i* all ( ! m]cury has be5 dissolv$ 9 ! wat] t x w dissolve at its pres5t temp]ature & pressure4 ,:5 y d1 make a /rong solution ( hypo1 soak ! picture 9 x = a m9ute or two1 press x to y\r subject's =ehead & ! picture w appe>4 ,"o ,way to ,cat* ,big ,fi%4--,( c\rse y "k t :5 an object v ne> ! cam]a is photograph$ x w look proportionately l>g] ?an :5 x is photograph$ a little way (f f x4 ,x is simply a case ( exagg]at$ p]spective4 ,h5ce ! cam]a is an app>atus v well adapt$ = cam\flage z ! ,fr5* call fak+4 ,y c easily try x out by hav+ a fri5d lean back 9 a *air & put 8 feet on ! table4 7,if ! table is ( highly poli%$ mahogany reque/ him k9dly to take (f 8 spurs fir/47 ,/& y\r cam]a 9 front ( him s t 8 feet w be ne>e/ ! l5s & !n take 8 picture4 ,! result is t he w be ab\t all boots & v little head4 ,ano!r & deep] dy$ trick is to photograph a fell[--*oose "o :o is not$ = 8 :al+ y>ns--) a fi% dangl+ at ! end ( a pole & l9e z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #fb4 ,?is w make ! fi% loom up z big z ! cod 9 a ,scott's ,emulsion ad41 & ! boy w be ! size ( ! lone fi%]man z %[n at ,b4 ,x w be "s "t be=e ! scales w drop f ! eyes ( ! p]son :o is siz+ up ! picture4 ,y want to use a small /op 9 y\r l5s :5 y make a picture ( ?is k9d s t ! def9ition w be z %>p 9 ! =egr\nd z x is 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,,"o ,,way ,,to ,,cat* ,a ,,cod ,a4 ,h[ x is done4 ,b4 ,h[ x looks :5 done4 ,tak+ ,c>icature ,photographs4--,! ^w c>icature 7pron\nc$ c>e-i-ca-ture7 means a portrait 9 :i* "s "p ( x is di/ort$ s t x produces a comical effect4 ,n[ !re are a lot ( ways to make photographic c>icatures b "o ( ! be/ is to use :at is call$ a special =egr\nd4 ,?is =egr\nd is a %eet ( c>dbo>d or a piece ( musl9 /ret*$ on a frame ab\t #a feet wide & #b feet long4 ,draw on ! c>dbo>d or musl9 any k9d ( a funny little body su* z an anemic fell[ 9 a ba?+ suit1 or a lank a?lete r[+ 9 a tub1 or a gild$ y\? rid+ a donkey2 & f9ally cut out a place ar\nd 8 coll> = ! neck ( ! sitt]4 ,seat y\r subject & h him hold ! =egr\nd z %[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #fb s t 8 head comes j above ! coll> ( ! picture & !n take a photograph ( him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb;,c4 ,,h[ ,,c>icatures ,,are ,,made ,if n[ ! backgr\nd--t is ! gr\nd back ( ! sitt]--& ! =egr\nd--namely ! "o pa9t$ on ! c>dbo>d--are ( ! same %ade y c trim ! pr9t s t x w look exactly z if y\r fri5d 0 9 ! ,ori5t on 8 way to ,mecca4 7,if y w keep ?is picture = #bj ye>s ! fell[ :o sat = x w gladly pay y a hundr$ doll>s = x47 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,its ,,alli$ ,,arts ,if !re ev] 0 a boy :o did n want a pr9t+ press ,i h yet to meet him4 ,ev] s9ce ! day :5 ,gut5burg#fe inv5t$ movable types1 & t 0 "s #ejj ye>s ago1 e boy--& n a few m5--h want$ to set a few /ickfuls ( type & run (f "s impressions on a press1 & _m ?\s&s ( !m h gratifi$ t highly civiliz$ ambition4 #fe ,johanne ,gut5burg 0 a ,g]man pr9t]4 ,he inv5t$ movable types ab\t ! ye> ( #adej4 ,b y fell[s ( to-day h all ! be/ ( x1 = y c buy a pr9t+ outfit complete = #a4ej on up to any?+ y want to pay = x4 ,aft] all is said & done ?\gh1 y c get m real enjoym5t out ( a small self-ink+ press ?an y c out ( a l>g] "o4 ,n only is !re a lot ( fun 9 pr9t+ c>ds1 etc41 = y\rself b !re is money 9 x too1 if y g ab\t x ! "r way1 b t is ano!r /ory4#ff #ff ,to make money out ( job-pr9t+ on a small scale read ,money ,mak+ = ,boys by ! pres5t au?or & publi%$ by ,dodd1 ,mead & ,co41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,k9ds ( ,pr9t+ ,presses4--,!re are two k9ds ( pr9t+ presses made & ^! are 7#a7 h& ink$ presses1 & 7#b7 self-ink+ presses4 ,y c make a pr9t+ press out ( wood b to d a good job y mu/ h a press built ( iron & prop]ly ma*9$1 t is f9i%$ up1 = to d good pr9t+ a good outfit is ne$$ to beg9 )4 ,small h& ink$ & self-ink+ presses are sold 9 ! toy dep>tm5ts ( ne>ly all /ores at prices rang+ f #a4ej to #e4jj & ?is w include a font ( type4 ,_m ( ^! little presses are made :i* use type ab\t half ! l5g? ( regul> type & if y get a press ( ?is k9d y w nev] "k ! real joy ( pr9t+4 ,! ,p>ts ( a ,self-,ink+ ,press4--,! ,excelsior is ! "n ( a small self-ink+ pr9t+ press t has be5 on ! m>ket = #ej ye>s & x is a good "o4 ,! description ( x :i* foll[s w fit any o!r model self-ink+ press j z well1 = !y are all built on ! same pr9ciple4 ,!re are sev5 *ief p>ts to ?is press & ^! are 7#a7 ! body2 7#b7 ! type b$2 7#c7 ! plat52 7#d7 ! ink-roll] c>riage2 7#e7 ! ink table2 7#f7 ! *ase1 & 7#g7 ! h&le1 all ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #fc4 ,! body ( ! press s]ves to support all ! o!r p>ts4 ,! b$1 z y w see1 is really a "p ( ! body ca/+ & ! feet ( ! type re/ aga9/ x4 ,= ?is reason x mu/ be p]fectly smoo? & ev51 & x is plan$ (f1 t is ma*9$1 to make x s4 ,! plat5 is pivot$ to ! middle ( ! body & x sw+s up to & p>allel ) ! b$ & away f & out at an angle to x4 ,! c>d1 or %eet ( pap] to be pr9t$ is laid on ! plat5 & is br\ght up & into contact ) ! type :i* re/s on ! b$4 ,a pair ( gripp]s are h+$ to ! plat5 to hold ! pap] 9 place :ile x is be+ pr9t$ b releases x :5 ! plat5 moves back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,a ,,model ,,self-,,ink+ ,,pr9t+ ,,press ,! ink-roll] c>riage is connect$ by lev]s to ! plat5 & :5 ! latt] moves to & fro ! roll]s run ov] ! type to ink x2 ! roll]s get _! ink f ! ink table & ?is is a disk :i* revolves & on :i* ! ink is spread2 ! ink table is made to revolve a little at a "t s t ! roll]s w pass ov] e "p ( x 9 e direction & s di/ribute ! ink ev5ly4 ,! type :5 set is lock$ 9 an iron frame call$ a *ase & ?is fits on ! b$2 & f9ally all ! movable p>ts are c\pl$ to ! h&le & :5 ?is is mov$ up & d[n x makes !m p]=m _! v>i\s functions4 ,h[ ! ,press ,works4--,let's suppose n[1 t y h ! type set 9 ! *ase & ! *ase is fix$ 9 ! press2 t y h put "s ink on ! ink-table & a c>d or a %eet ( pap] on ! plat54 ,n[ :5 y press d[n on ! h&le x moves ! plat5 up1 ! gripp]s hold ! c>d1 or %eet ( pap] to x1 ! arms pivot$ to ! plat5 pull ! ink roll]s up & ov] ! type & on to ! ink table :i* turns ?r\gh a small arc1 t is1 "p ( a circle1 by a rat*et s t x keeps a fre% surface expos$ to ! ink roll]s all ! "t4 ,:5 ! c>d1 or pap] makes contact ) ! type y pull ! h&le up2 ?is sw+s ! plat5 back2 ! gripp]s relax _! pressure2 ! ink-roll]s move d[n ov] ! face ( ! type2 y take out ! pr9t$ c>d or %eet ) y\r left h& & put 9 a blank "o ) y\r "r h&1 :5 y are ready to make ano!r impression4 ,x may surprise y to "k t any "o c pr9t f #ejj to #fjj c>ds an h\r & if y are exp]t y c run (f f #a1jjj to #b1jjj c>ds p] h\r4 ,sizes & ,prices ( ,presses4--,! ,excelsior press comes 9 ?ree sizes & ! price dep5ds on ! size ( ! *ase4 7#a7 ,a press hav+ a *ase #c #e in*es co/s #e4jj & ?is is l>ge en\gh to pr9t c>ds1 labels1 envelopes1 etc42 7#b7 a #e #h press co/s #ah4jj & ?is "o w d nice jobs up to po/al c>d size2 & 7#c7 a #f #aj press co/s #be4jj & is l>ge en\gh to pr9t bill-heads1 lett]-heads & circul>s1 or y c pr9t a little newspap] on x4 ,! ,outfit ,y ,ne$4--,y\r outfit w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d l>gely on ! size ( press y h4 ,outfit = a #c #e ,press4--,a c\ple ( doll>s w buy all ! fixtures y ne$ & ^! consi/ ( 7a7 a font ( type1 7b7 "s leads1 7c7 a type case1 7d7 an assortm5t ( furniture1 & 7e7 a c ( black ink4 ,a font ( type means en\gh ( a k9d hav+ ! same face & body & ! "r am\nt ( ea* lett] to set up an ord9>y job4 ,y w f9d m ab\t type "u ! next head+ call$ ,type & ,typesett+4 ,leads are ?9 /rips ( type metal less ?an type-high :i* are us$ to sep>ate ! l9es ( type2 & a type case is a %all[ wood5 tray divid$ into little comp>tm5ts call$ boxes 9 :i* ! lett]s ( a font ( type are kept ap>t4 ,outfit = a #e #h ,press4--,! fixtures ( a press ( ?is size include all ( ^? nam$ above & 7a7 ?ree fonts ( type1 7b7 type cases = !m2 7c7 a set ( gage p9s1 & 7d7 a pair ( tweez]s1 or a bodk94 ,! gage-p9s are p9n$ into ! pap] back+ on ! plat5 to keep ! c>d or %eet f slipp+ & to hold x 9 its prop] place4 ,! tweez]s1 or bodk91 :i* is a l>ge ne$le1 is us$ = pick+ out type f a =m :5 y are correct+ x4 ,outfit = an #h #aj ,press4--,?is outfit %\ld h all ! fixtures ( bo? ( ^? describ$ above & y w ne$ n less ?an f\r fonts ( type1 :ile a compos+ /ick1 :i* is a little metal tray to hold ! type 9 z y set x1 is a necessity4 ,^! fixtures are %[n 9 ,fig4 #fd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,guage ,a--,,wood ,,furniture ,b--,a ,,lead ,d--,a ,,b\ght ,,guage ,,p9 ,e--,,regul> ,,pr9t]',s ,,tweez]s ,,) ,,co>se ,,s]rat$ ,,flat ,,po9ts ,a ,,bodk9 ,c--,a ,,common ,,p9 ,,b5t ,,= ,a ,,guage ,,p9 ,a ,,compos+ ,,/ick ,,fig4 #fd4 ,,an ,,outfit ,,= ,a ,,model ,,press ,ab\t ,type & ,sett+ ,type4--,relative ,numb] ( ,type ,lett]s4--,9 look+ ov] type catalogues y w see t ! fonts are li/$ z #d;,a1 or #h;,a-#aj;,a1 etc4 ,n[ ?is means t 9 ! #d;,a font !re are #d capital ,a lett]s & t all ( ! o!r lett]s are 9 proportion to ! ,a's t are likely to be us$1 ?us3 ,illu/ration3 ,a #d;,a ,,font ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,no4 ( lett]s to font #d #b #c #c #e #b #b #c #d #b #b #c #c ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y ,z ,no4 ( lett]s to font #d #d #c #b #d #d #d #b #b #b #b #b #b ,) an #h;,a-#aj;a font !re are ( c\rse twice z _m ( ea* capital lett] z 9 a #d;,a font :ile ( ! l[] case lett]s1 :i* means ! small ones1 !re are #aj a's & ! numb] ( ! o!rs are 9 proportion to _! use1 ?us3 ,illu/ration3 ,,an #h;,a-#aj;a ,,font a b c d e f g h i j k l m ,no4 ( lett]s to font #aj #d #f #h #ah #d #d #h #aj #b #c #h #f n o p q r s t u v w x y z ,no4 ( lett]s to font #aj #aj #f #c #aj #aj #aj #f #d #d #b #d #b ,/yles ( ,type4--,= c>d "w y want a pla9 block lett] font l t %[n at ,a1 a script l ,b1 or an old ,engli% l t %[n at ,c4 ,= envelopes1 bill1 lett] head & o!r job "w ?ree fonts ( engrav$ plate /yle z %[n at ,d1 ,e & ,f w give good results4 ,illu/ration3 #bc;,a #a4jj ,a ,,!odore ,,roosevelt #abcdefghij #h;,a #bd;a #d4ej ,b ,miss ,alice ,v]let #abcdefghi #aa;,a #cd;a #b4ej ,c ,lieut4 ,john ,hodd] ,/u>t #abcdefghi #bb;,a #a4jj ,d ,,engrav$ ,,c>d ,,/yle ,,is ,,pref]r$ #ebdfh #af;,a #a4je ,e ,,h&some ,,engrav$ ,,effects #abc ,a#af #a4be ,f ,,engrav$ ,,plate ,,/yle #adj ,= circul>s y %\ld h sev]al fonts ( diff]5t /yles ( type z %[n at ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 ,j & ,k4 ,illu/ration3 #ah;,a #cf;a #b4ij ,g ,,cle> ,,cut ,faces ,popul> #abc #ae;,a #a4ie ,h ,,excelsior ,,presses #abcde ,a #b4aj ,i ,,gra9o #a #aj;,a #ae;a #e4ce ,j ,,good = _m places #c #aa;a #bj;a #c4jj ,k ,good & ,cle> = po/] & circul> pr9t+4 ,a f9e addition to any pr9t+ (fice4 #abcdefgh ,& f9ally %\ld y int5d to pr9t a cook-book1 a t[n directory or a newspap] y w ne$ a half1 or a full font ( #ab po9t pla9 pica ,roman1 z x is call$1 & :i* is %[n at ,l4 ,illu/ration3 ,l #ab ,po9t ,no4 #a1 #be lbs4 #ab4jj4 7,half font1 #ab lbs41 #f4ej7 ,,pla9 ,pica ,roman1 a ,,face = _m uses4 ,books1 circul>s & jobb+4 ,v cle> & easy to read4 ,ca/ f nickel metal & mo/ durable kn[n4 ,l z #abcdefghij ,! ,p>ts ( a ,type4--,be=e expla9+ h[ to set type1 make ready & pr9t1 !re are a few little ?+s ab\t lett]s & ab\t type :i* are good to "k4 ,fir/ let's take1 by way ( illu/ration1 ! lett] ,h ,h4 ,n[ y w obs]ve t ! fir/ ,h is pla9 & ! second "o is embelli%$ by f9e l9es at ! top & bottom & ^! embelli%m5ts are call$ s]-ifs4 ,z simple a bit ( metal z a type has m p>ts to x ?an y c %ake a /ick at1 b y ought to le>n !m by he>t4 ,nam$1 ^! p>ts are 7a7 ! body ( ! type2 7b7 ! front2 7c7 ! back2 7d7 ! face or lett]2 7e7 ! nicks2 7f7 ! feet2 7g7 ! groove2 7h7 ! %\ld]2 7i7 ! bevel1 & 7k7 ! p9 m>ks1 & all ( ^! are po9t$ out 9 ,fig4 #fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,a ,,type ,x v (t5 happ5s 9 italics & script type t a "p ( a lett] w /& out beyond ! body & ?is little ext5sion is call$ ! k]n4 ,! nick 9 ! type is to help ! type-sett]1 or compositor z he is call$1 to set ! type ! "r way 9 ! /ick1 t is y always set ! type ) ! nicks d[n & t[>d y4 ,! p9-m>k is made by a %>p in/rum5t :i* removes x f ! mold4 ,f9ally a c e m n o r s u v w x z are call$ %ort lett]s2 j is a long lett] 9 t x takes up ! full bread? ( ! face2 b d f h i l t are up/roke1 or asc5d+ lett]s1 :ile g p q are d[n/roke or desc5d+ lett]s4 ,! ,sizes ( ,type4--,type is made 9 /&>d sizes & n s v long ago ea* size 0 kn[n by a "n4 ,!n a *ange 0 made & ! po9t sy/em1#fg z x is call$1 came into g5]al use4 ,! sizes "u ! old & ! new sy/ems are giv5 9 ! foll[+ table & x w enable y to "k type sizes bo? by "n & by po9t4 #fg ,?is is ! /&>d sy/em ( sizes = type bodies4 ,x is s call$ because x is measur$ 9 decimal po9ts or fractions ( an in*2 t is1 #a po9t is 4#jach in*1 s t nonp>eil1 z x us$ to be call$1 is n[ #f po9t & b\rgeois is #i po9t1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,table ,,( ,,type ,,sizes ,,old ,,names ,,( ,,sizes ,,new ,,po9t ,,sizes ,pe>l #e po9t ,agate #e 8 ,nonp>eil #f 8 ,m9ion #g 8 ,brevi] #h 8 ,b\rgeois #i 8 ,long ,prim] #aj 8 ,small ,pica #aa 8 ,pica #ab 8 ,engli% #ad 8 ,great ,prim] #ah 8 ,y\r ,type ,cases4--,!re are two k9ds ( type cases & ^! are made to hold 7#a7 ! capital1 or upp] case lett]s1 & 7#b7 ! small or l[] case lett]s4 ,! reason ! capitals are call$ upp] case lett]s is because ! case t holds !m is set high] on ! compos+ /& ?an ! case :i* holds ! small lett]s2 ?is br+s ! small lett]s ne>] to ! h& ( ! compositor & z !y are us$ m ?an ! caps he c set ! type fa/]4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! cases is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff;,a4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,type ,,cases ,,are ,,arrang$ ,!re are sev]al s*emes ( type-cases b ,i %all only describe ?ree ( !m4 ,! fir/ is a small type case #ab in*es squ>e ) #dh boxes 9 x & y c buy "o = #ce c5ts4 ,x is good en\gh = any "o :o doesn't want to g to ! bo!r ( le>n+ ! regul> case4 ,a plan view ( ! lay ( a regul> upp] & a l[] case is %[n at ,b & ,c4 ,y w see t ! e box 9 ! l[] case is l>g] ?an any o!r & ?is is because !re are m e's us$ 9 sett+ up a job ?an any o!r "o lett]4 ,& y w also obs]ve t ! lett]s are di/ribut$ & ! boxes spac$ 9 a v unev5 way1 b ?is arrangem5t br+s ! lett]s t are us$ ! mo/ into ! easie/ places to rea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff;,b4 ,,! ,,upp] ,,case ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff;,c4 ,,! ,,l[] ,,case ,sett+ ! ,type4--,:]e y h m ?an "o l9e to set y %\ld by all means use a compos+ /ick & a small "o w co/ y a doll>4 ,x %\ld be held 9 ! left h& z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fg1 t is1 ) ! op5 side f y & ! slide to ! left4 ,n[ read a few l9es ( y\r copy1 pick ! fir/ lett] f its box & set x 9 ! left h& corn] ( ! /ick ) ! nick 9 ! type t[>d y\r ?umb4 ,take ! next lett] f its box & let x slide into ! compos+ /ick aga9/ ! fir/ lett] & s on f left to "r until y h ! fir/ ^w set up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,compos+ ,,/ick ,n[ put 9 a m$ium siz$ space1 :i* is made j l a type b only %\ld] high & )\t any lett] on x1 & beg9 to set ! next ^w4 ,if :5 y get to ! end ( ! l9e !re is a space left b n en\gh to />t ano!r ^w1 put a ?9 space betwe5 ! words to l5g!n out ! l9e1 or ju/ify x z x is call$4 ,:5 y h set ! l9e put a lead1 t is a ?9 /rip ( typemetal :i* comes to ! %\ld] ( ! type1 aga9/ x & />t a new l9e & s on until y h ! /ick half full ( type4 ,! type mu/ n[ be tak5 out ( ! /ick & plac$ on a smoo? surface1 su* z a piece ( slate or a /one call$ an impos+ /one1 & to d ?is )\t dropp+ "s or all ( ! type & mak+ pi ( x1 takes practice4 ,to d x l a j\rneyman1 put a lead at ! top & bottom ( ! type1 set ! /ick on ! /one1 grip ! top & bottom ) y\r =e f+]s & ?umbs & ! sides ) y\r o!r f+]s1 hold x tight & y c !n easily lift x out & into ! *ase z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,,putt+ ,a ,,/ick ,,( ,,type ,,9 ,,! ,,*ase ,a good way = y to d x at fir/ is to wet ! type aft] y h x set 9 ! compos+ /ick :5 x w hold toge!r )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,:5 y c manage half-a-/ick full ( type y c !n try a /ick full4 ,mak+ ,ready4--,aft] y h ! type1 :i* is to make up ! =m1 set 9 ! *ase on ! impos+ /one1 or table1 fill 9 ! top & bottom spaces ) long pieces ( wood furniture & ! ends ) holl[ metal furniture & !n lock up ! =m1 t is screw or o!rwise fix x 9 ! *ase4 ,n[ !re are two k9ds ( *ases us$ ) small presses & ^! are 7#a7 screw *ases & 7#b7 pla9 *ases4 ,a screw *ase has a c\ple ( screws fitt$ into ! top ( x s t aft] ! type & furniture are 9 ! *ase y only ne$ to tight5 up ! screws to hold ! =m 9 place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,,tools ,,= ,,lock+ ,,up ,a ,,*ase ,:5 a pla9 *ase is us$1 quo9s1 t is w$ges made ( wood1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi--y c get a doz5 hickory ones = a nickel--mu/ be set 9 betwe5 ! furniture & ! *ase & ^! are =c$ toge!r ) a mallet & a %oot+ /ick1 s t ! type is held firmly 9 place4 ,! next ?+ to d is to plane ! =m1 t is1 y take a block ( wood "o side ( :i* is cov]$ ) a piece ( felt4 ,lay ?is on ! type & tap x g5tly ) ! mallet to get all ( ! type ev5 on top4 ,y c make a plan] or buy "o = a qu>t] ready made4 ,?is done1 fit ! *ase 9 ! press & put ?ree or f\r %eets ( pap] on ! plat5 by means ( ! pivot$ b&s on ! edge ( ! latt]4 ,ink ! type & run (f a few impressions2 b be c>eful t ! gripp]s are set s t !y w j cat* ! edges ( ! %eet b w n /rike ! type =m4 ,if "p ( ! impression does n come out pla91 pa/e a piece ( pap] on ! pap] back+ on ! plat5 &1 oppositely1 if a "p ( ! impression is too heavy a bit ( ! "u %eet ( pap] back+ mu/ be cut away4 ,:5 ! impression is ev5 on ! plat5 %eet pa/e a piece ( c>dbo>d bel[ & ano!r to ! left h& side ( x s t ! c>d or ! %eet ( pap] w lay on ! plat5 9 exactly ! "r place e "t y fe$ x 94 ,in/ead ( c>dbo>d y c use ?ree b5t p9s to gage ! %eet1 or1 /ill bett]1 use regul> /eel gage p9s 7see ,fig4 #fd71 = ^! c be adju/$ to a nicety4 ,pr9t+ ! ,job4--,all t rema9s = y to d n[ is to put ab\t z mu* ink z y c get on ! po9t ( ! blade ( a p5knife on ! ink table & !n roll x out ?9 & ev5 ) a small h& roll]4 ,lay y\r /ock on ! table to ! "r ( ! press & fe$ 9 a c>d or a %eet at a "t ) y\r "r h& & see to x t y get x 9 squ>ely aga9/ ! gage p9s2 take away y\r h& & press ! h&le d[n ) y\r left h&2 raise x up1 take ! pr9t$ %eet out ) y\r left h&1 fe$ 9 ano!r "o & s on until ! job is done4 ,h[ to ,clean ,type4--,z soon z y h pr9t$ a job take ! *ase f ! press & be=e y unlock ! =m rub ! face ( ! type ) a rag dipp$ 9 b5z9e1 or turp5t9e & :5 all ! ink & smut is gone wipe x ) a clean rag4 ,if ! type gets clogg$ up ) ink wa% x out ) a too?-bru% dipp$ 9 b5z9e & :5 ! ink on ! table & ! roll]s gets dirty or does n "w well wa% x (f ) b5z9e also4 ,to d good pr9t+ ev]y?+ mu/ be immaculately clean4 ,ab\t ,di/ribut+ ,type4--,aft] y h clean$ ! type1 unlock ! =m & !n take a l9e o' type at a "t on a lead 9 y\r left h&2 pick (f two or ?ree lett]s at once & drop ea* "o into its respective box4 ,! ,ink & ,roll]s4--,! ,ink4--,:ile ( c\rse y w buy y\r ink all ready to use y may l to "k h[ x is made4 ,"h's a recipe = a pr9t+ ink t is z old z ! hills & z good z gold3 ,balsam ( capivi #d ounces2 lampblack #a ounces2 indigo ounce2 ,india r$ ounce1 & turp5t9e dry soap #a ounces2 mix ^! +r$i5ts well 9 a mort> ) a pe/le2 !n mix ! mass ) boil$ l9se$ oil to ! "r ?ickness4 ,:5 buy+ ink = job pr9t+ get "o t is a quick dri] & ?is co/s f #ej c5ts to #a4ej a p\nd accord+ to quality4 ,y c also buy color$ inks 9 r$1 :ite1 blue1 yell[1 gre51 br[n & purple 9 #d ounce cans = #fj c5ts a c4 ,! ,roll]s4--,:ile x is *eap] & bett] to buy ink roll]s ready made1 if y want to try y\r h& at mak+ !m y\rself get #a p\nd ,pet] ,coop]'s be/ glue2 #a qu>t be/ sug> h\se syrup1 & #a p9t ( glyc]9e4 ,soak ! glue 9 ra9 wat] until x is s(t1 dra9 (f all ! excess wat]1 put x 9 a glue pot & set x on a sl[ fire until x is melt$4 ,n[ put 9 ! syrup1 boil x = half an h\r1 /irr+ x ! :ile1 & skim (f ! scum t comes to ! top4 ,ab\t #e m9utes be=e y take x f ! fire add ! o!r ?+s & !n p\r ! mixture into ! mold1 :i* is simply a brass cyl9d] ( ! diamet] & l5g? y want ! roll]4 ,! /ock1 z ! sp9dle ( ! roll] is call$1 is set exactly 9 ! middle ( ! mold & ! composition is p\r$ into x4 ,pr9t+ 9 ,colors4--,pr9t+ 9 two or m colors1 or color pr9t+1 is n only int]e/+ "w to d1 b pr(itable1 s9ce y c easily get ord]s = x4 ,x is a little h>d] to d a good job ) color$ inks ?an x is ) black ink1 b if y w use pla9 type & good color$ ink y w h small tr\ble 9 do+ a cr$itable job4 ,pr9t+ 9 ,gold4--,:5 y want to pr9t 9 gilt in/ead ( 9 black y c d x ei!r by pr9t+ 9 black ink fir/ & !n du/+ bronze p[d] ov] x ) a tuft ( cotton1 or pr9t ! job ) gold size :i* makes ! p[d] /ick bett]4 ,du/ ! excess p[d] (f ) a bit ( cotton :5 ! lett]s w /& out 9 gold beautifully4 ,y c buy a #c ounce c ( gold size = a qu>t] & bronze p[d] c be _h 9 #a ounce cans 9 gold1 silv]1 c>d9al r$ & copp]4 ,all ( ! above mat]ials c be b\ght ( ! ,kelsey ,press ,company1 ,m]id51 ,conn41 & y ought to s5d = "o ( _! catalogues4 ,& ,f9ally ,y\r ,/ock ,supply4--,y w ne$ a supply ( bo? visit+ & bus9ess c>ds2 pap] = labels1 h&bills & newspap]s--t is1 if y int5d to pr9t "o--& pap] = bill-heads1 /atem5ts1 lett]-heads & envelopes to mat* !m4 ,c>ds come 9 all sizes & colors & 9 any quantity h[ev] small2 !y are sold "u ! "n ( ?9 :ite1 ?9 color$1 heavy *9a1 bus9ess bri/ol1 f9e bri/ol1 extra f9e bri/ol1 sat9 enamel$ & l95 f9i%$ bri/ol4 ,!n !re are c>ds ) gold bevel$ & lace edges2 fancy emboss$1 ) r\nd edges1 & = m\rn+4 ,pap] c be b\ght t is gumm$ on "o side = labels2 l95 & bond pap]s are us$ = correspond5ce2 ! *eape/ k9d ( :ite & color$ pap] is good en\gh = h&bills b y %\ld use a good :ite /ock = newspap] "w4 ,be=e ord]+ /ock ( any k9d ! be/ way to d is to s5d = a full set ( samples & !n y w "k j :at y are buy+4 ,! ,art ( ,pap] ,mak+ ,( c\rse y "k :at pap] looks l & h[ x feels1 b x is n s likely t y "k :at x is & h[ x is made2 b pap] mak+ is an art s old1 s wond]ful & s useful1 t y ought to make en\gh to "k all ab\t x4 ,:at ,pap] ,is4--,pap] is made by *emical & me*anical processes f rags1 /raw or wood into ?9 %eets4 ,^! mat]ials are =m$ ( fib]s made up ( :at *emi/s call cellulose#fh & ?is sub/ance is 9 turn compos$ ( ,c,h,o1 t is #f atoms ( c>bon1 #aj atoms ( hydrog5 & #e atoms ( oxyg54 #fh ,cellulose =ms ! gr\nd-"w ( all vegetable tissues :e!r !y are ! t5d] %oots ( a f]n or ! h>d wood ( trees4 ,h[ to ,make ,pap]4--,:atev] mat]ial y use to make ! pap] ( x mu/ be conv]t$ into a pulp fir/4 ,cotton or l95 makes ! be/ pap]--?is is call$ rag pap]--because ^! mat]ials are ne>ly pure cellulose to beg9 )4 ,mak+ ! ,pulp4--,to make a little pap] take ab\t a p\nd ( :ite cotton or l95 rags & cut !m up into little bits2 boil !m 9 a solution ( cau/ic soda = a c\ple ( h\rs1 to get out all ! dirt & grease1 & /ir !m (t54 ,next wa% out ! dirty wat] t has result$ f boil+ !m & !n ! cotton or l95 mu/ be brok5 up & beat5 until ! fib]s are sep>at$4 ,y c d ?is by putt+ ! fabrics into a *opp+ b[l1 wett+ x d[n ) clean wat] & !n us+ a pair ( *opp+ knives on !m until ! fib]s are cut f9e1 & y mu/ *ange ! wat] (t54 ,9 pap] mills a rag eng9e1 z x is call$1 is us$ to wa% & break up ! rags4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4 ,a ,,frame ,,= ,,pap] ,,mak+ ,! ,molds ,y ,ne$4--,make half-a-doz5 frames ( wood in* ?ick & an in* wide1 & ab\t #e #h in*es on ! sides2 & cov] ^! ) brass wire nett+ hav+ ab\t #bj wires to ! in* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gj4 ,s*ool slate frames are good = ?is purpose4 ,lay+ ! ,pap]4--,n[ spread a ?9 lay] ( pulp on ! wire nett+ ( ea* frame1 or mold1 & set !m to "o side to dry4 ,:5 y h all ! molds fill$ & ! pulp is dry turn ea* frame upside d[n on a %eet ( blott+ pap] & lay ano!r %eet ( blott+ pap] ov] ! pap] y are mak+4 ,9 ?is way pile up ! blott+ pap] & ! pap] 9 ! mak+ & !n put !m "u pressure2 ?is y c d by plac+ ! pile betwe5 two smoo? #a in* ?ick bo>ds & screw+ !m toge!r ) a c\ple ( wood clamps4#fi ,aft] an h\r or s y c take ! clamps f ! pile & sep>ate ! %eets ( pap] f ! blott+ pap]4 #fi ,a description ( ^! clamps w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,next place ! pap] betwe5 %eets ( oil bo>d1#gj make a pile ( !m & screw !m up betwe5 ! wood clamps aga9 good & tight & leave !m !re ov] night2 !n hang up ea* %eet ( pap] by a corn] ) a clip & let x dry4 #gj ,?is is a heavy oil$ pap] & y c buy x at a pa9t]'s supply /ore1 or ( ,c4 ,b4 ,hewitt & ,bros41 #dh ,beekman ,/41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,siz+ & ,f9i%+4--,:5 ! %eets are dry take !m d[n & lay !m c>efully 9 a pile = siz+4 ,make ! siz+ by dissolv+ gelat9e 9 hot wat] until x is ab\t z ?ick z milk ) ! cream 9 x4 ,p\r ! siz+ into a %all[ di% or1 bett]1 a photographic tray2 lay ea* %eet1 fir/ "o side & !n ! o!r1 on ! siz+ & be c>eful to wet x ev5ly all ov]4 ,put ! siz$ pap] betwe5 ! %eets ( oil bo>d aga91 make a pile ( !m1 screw on ! wood clamps1 let !m /ay "u pressure = half a day &1 f9ally :5 y take !m out let !m dry sl[ly & y w h a h& made pap] t y h made ) y\r own h&s4 ,h[ to ,b9d ,books ,if y w look at ?is book c>efully y w conclude t x w\ld be next to impossible to b9d "o t w\ld ev5 fa9tly resemble x4 ,b :ile ,i d n want y to believe t y c d a job t w\ld any:]e ne>ly equal x1 y c b9d a book good en\gh s t y w n feel a%am$ to let any "o see x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bo>ds ,,bo>ds ,,glu$ ,,to ,,clo? ,,wid? ,,( ,,book ,,fig4 #ga4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cut ,,bo>ds ,,& ,,clo? ,,= ,,book ,,b9d+ ,mak+ ! ,cov]4--,fir/ m>k out ) a rule & !n cut out two pieces ( pa/ebo>d ea* ( :i* is j z wide z ! book y are go+ to b9d & in* long] z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ga4 ,lay ^! bo>ds on a piece ( musl9 or calico1 or y c buy regul> book-b9d]'s clo? = ! purpose#ga & cut x #b in*es wid] ?an ! l5g? ( ! bo>ds & ?ree times z long z ! wid? ( "o ( !m z %[n at ,b4 #ga ,= book b9d]s' mat]ials ( all k9ds s5d to ,?omas ,g>n] & ,co41 #aha ,william ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,= book b9d]s' lea!r mat]ials address ,du ,pont ,febrikoid ,co41 ,equitable ,bldg41 ,new ,york4 ,coat ^! bo>ds on "o side ) a good glue laid on ?9 & glue !m to ! clo? s t !y w be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a space an in* wid] ?an ! ?ickness ( ! book y are b9d+ z %[n at ,b & ,c2 ?is done glue ! edges ( ! clo? ov] on to ! o!r sides ( ! bo>ds z %[n at ,d 9 ,fig4 #gb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,,sew+ ,,on ,,! ,,musl9 ,,flap ,:ile ! back is dry+ take a piece ( good musl9 & cut x #a in*es %ort] ?an ! l5g? ( ! book & )9 #b in*es z wide z ! wid? ( ! back ( ! book :5 x is flat op54 ,= in/ance suppose ! book is #e in*es wide & #a in* ?ick :i* is #aa in*es 9 all2 !n y w\ld cut ! musl9 #i in*es long4 ,! musl9 on ! book is %[n at ,e4 ,sew+ ! ,book4--,! next op]ation is to sew ?is piece to ! back ( ! book2 = ?is "w y w ne$ a ?9 %>p awl1 a hamm]1 a l>ge d>n+ ne$le & "s /rong l95 ?read--wax$ ?read is ! be/4 ,be=e do+ s1 h[ev]1 take a %eet ( good :ite pap] & make a c\ple ( fly-leaves = ! front & back ( ! book2 n[ pun* a l9e ( holes in* f ! back1 ?r\gh ! book z %[n at ,f1 !n put on ! piece ( musl9 & sew x to ! book good & tight1 & be sure ! flaps are ev54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,,! ,,b\nd ,,book ,,complete ,?is done spread "s glue on ! pa/ebo>d cov]s1 place ! back ( ! book on ! clo? b9d+ betwe5 ! cov]s1 turn x ov] on ! front cov] & rub ! musl9 d[n smoo? on x2 !n d ! same ?+ ) ! back4 ,all t rema9s = y to d n[ is to turn back "o ( ! blank pages :i* y sew$ on to ! book & glue x on ! cov] :i* w conceal ! musl9 flap4 ,aft] y h b\nd ! book lay x betwe5 a c\ple ( smoo? bo>ds & screw x up tight betwe5 ! jaws ( a pair ( wood clamps4 ,let x /ay !re ov] night & 9 ! morn+ :5 y take ! wood clamps (f y w h "o m book to add to y\r five foot %elf4 ,putt+ on ! ,title4--,if y h a pr9t+ press y c pr9t ! title ( ! book & ! au?or's "n--don't =get ! au?or's "n--on a slip ( heavy pap] & gild x1 or on a piece ( clo? & glue x to ! front ( ! cov] z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gc4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,rubb] ,,/amps1 ,,die ,,s9k+1 ,,burn+ ,,br&s ,,& ,,/5cils ,rubb] ,/amps ,a rubb] /amp is type matt] mold$ 9 rubb] :i* is !n m\nt$ on a block ) a h&le z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,:5 ! /amp is ink$ & !n press$ on a smoo? surface x leaves an impression on x4 ,rubb] /amps are useful = m>k+ tags1 books1 boxes1 bundles1 etc41 b x is v bad ta/e to use !m = lett]-heads & envelopes4 ,h[ to ,make ,rubb] ,/amps4--,! ,mat]ials ,ne$$4--,to make rubb] /amps y w ne$ 7#a7 "o or m fonts ( type2 7#b7 a compos+ /ick if y int5d sett+ up m ?an "o l9e2 7#c7 a frame call$ a *ase1 #d #e in*es on ! sides made ( a /rip ( wood #a in* wide & #a in* high1 :i* is ! height ( type f its feet to its %\ld]2 7#d7 ano!r frame1 call$ ! matrix frame1 made ( a /rip ( wood #a in* wide1 in* ?ick & #d #e in*es on ! sides4 ,^! two frames are %[n at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #gd4 7#e7 ,two smoo? bo>ds #a in* ?ick1 #f in*es wide & #g in*es long2 7#f7 a too?-bru%2 7#g7 a c\ple ( p\nds ( d5tal pla/] ( ,p>is1 & 7#h7 a p\nd ( pure unvulcaniz$ rubb]4 ,d5tal pla/] is f9] ?an ! ord9>y k9d & y c buy all y w ne$ f y\r family d5ti/ = #e or #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,unvulcaniz$ rubb] = rubb] /amps comes 9 %eets ab\t in* ?ick & is sold "u ! "n ( signature /amp gum & y c buy x = ab\t #a4jj a p\nd4#gb #gb ,y c buy signature /amp gum ( ,! ,goodye> ,tire & ,rubb] ,company1 #aj ,c5tral ,p>k ,we/1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,9 ord]+ ( ?is firm ask = ,no4 #djic1 in* ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4 ,,! ,,matrix ,,frame1 ,,*ase ,,& ,,bo>ds ,,= ,,mak+ ,,rubb] ,,/amps ,unvulcaniz$ rubb] is crude india-rubb] mix$ ) sulphur & :5 ?is is heat$ x gets v s(t & c be mold$ by putt+ x "u pressure2 :5 x gets cold x is n only mu* /rong] ?an be=e b x is v ela/ic z well4 ,mak+ ! ,mold4--,s9ce y "k h[ to make pewt] ca/+s & h[ to set type1 mak+ a rubb] /amp w be z easy z roll+ (f a log4 ,:5 y h ! type set up t y want to make ! rubb] /amp (1 put a lead#gc on ea* side ( x1 oil x all ov] ) sweet oil & tie a /r+ ar\nd x tight4 ,lay ! ?ick1 %\ld] high wood frame ov] ! type matt] y h set & see t x is 9 ! middle ( x4 #gc ,see ! prec$+ *apt] on pr9t+4 ,next mix up a little m ?an en\gh pla/] ) cold wat] 9 a b[l to fill ! frame2 /ir x ) a tablespoon & make x ab\t z ?ick z sorghum molasses4 ,p\r ! pla/] all ar\nd ! type 9 ! frame & fill up ! space betwe5 !m z high z ! face ( ! type4 ,n[ let ! pla/] set1#gd t is1 get h>d1 :i* x w d 9 a v few m9utes4 ,:5 x is h>d en\gh to hold ! type 9 place & yet be=e x gets solid take ! too?-bru%1 dip x 9 wat] & bru% away ! pla/] until x is exactly ev5 ) ! frame1 & h5ce1 ev5 ) ! %\ld]s ( ! type z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ge4 #gd ,:5 calcium sulphate is heat$ x loses its wat] ( cry/allization & =ms a p[d]1 :i* we call pla/] ( ,p>is2 ! pla/] has ! p[] ( tak+ up wat] & =m+ a solid sub/ance1 & ?is process is call$ sett+4 ,:5 ! pla/] has set h>d oil ! face ( ! type & ! pla/] ) sweet oil2 n[ lay ! ?9 frame ov] ! ?ick frame2 mix up "s m pla/] ) wat] & make x ?9 en\gh s t x w fl[ easily into e little space ( ! type & fill ! frame up ) x4 ,let ?is frame /ay on ! l[] frame ov] night s t x w get v h>d & y c !n lift x (f1 :5 a v %>p impression ( ! type faces w be =m$ 9 x %\ld] deep1 t is z deep 9 ! pla/] z ! face ( ! type is high4 ,?is frame ) its pla/] impression is call$ ! matrix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge;,d4 ,,! ,,type ,,9 ,,! ,,*ase4 ,e4 ,,pla/] ,,( ,,p>is ,,impression ,,9 ,,! ,,matrix ,,frame ,vulcaniz+ ! ,rubb]4--,cut a piece ( ! unvulcaniz$ gum rubb] in* wid] & long] all r\nd ?an ! impression ( ! type2 peel ! /rip ( musl9 f ! /rip ( rubb] gum & lay x on ! matrix4 ,put "o ( ! bo>ds on top ( ! rubb] & ! o!r on ! bottom ( ! matrix & screw !m toge!r tight ) ! iron clamps z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gf4 ,half fill a kettle ) wat]2 lay ! mold on top ( ! kettle--b n 9 ! wat]--& put bo? ( !m 9 a hot ov5 = #cj m9utes4 ,:5 ! rubb] gum gets hot x s(t5s & ! pressure ( ! screws =ces x into ! lett]s ( ! matrix & s makes rubb] type ( !m4 ,! /eam f ! kettle w keep ! wood f *>r+ & ! rubb] f burn+ b has no o!r action on x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4 ,,! ,,matrix ,,) ,,! ,,rubb] ,,gum ,,9 ,,place ,,ready ,,to ,,vulcanize ,! heat vulcanizes#ge ! rubb] gum & makes x spr+y & /ret*y1 b if x gets too hot x w become h>d & y w h h>d rubb] in/ead4 ,to get j ! "r degree ( heat a vulcaniz]1#gf :i* is simply a little boil] ) a !rmomet] on top1 is us$ by rubb] /amp mak]s4 #ge ,vulcaniz+ is ! process ( heat+ raw ,india rubb] ) sulphur2 ! sulphur comb9es ) ! rubb] to =m a new comp\nd4 ,if a l>ge am\nt ( sulphur is us$ & great heat is us$ h>d rubb]1 or vulcanite1 or ebonite is =m$4 ,if a small am\nt ( sulphur & a l[ heat are us$ ! ela/ic rubb] t is s common is =m$4 #gf ,! ,s4 ,s4 ,:ite ,d5tal ,mfg4 ,co41 #e ,union ,squ>e1 ,new ,york1 sells !m1 & unvulcaniz$ rubb] z well4 ,m\nt+ ! ,rubb]4--,all t y ne$ to d n[ is to trim (f ! edges ( ! rubb] /amp ) a pair ( %e>s & m\nt x on a smoo? block ( wood hav+ a h&le z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4 ,,! ,,rubb] ,,/amp ,,ready ,,to ,,use ,h[ to ,use a ,rubb] ,/amp4--,a special k9d ( ink is us$ = rubb] /amps1 z writ+ ink is too ?9 & pr9t+ ink spoils ! rubb]4 ,to ,make an ,ink ,pad4--,cut out two blocks ( p9e wood ea* ( :i* is in* ?ick1 #b in*es wide & #c in*es long2 cut out f\r /rips ( wool5 clo? #b #c in*es1 lay two ( ! /rips on ea* block & !n cov] ! latt] by glu+ a piece ( musl9 ov] x4 ,p\r a doz5 or #ae drops ( rubb] /amp ink on ea* pad & rub ! surfaces ( bo? ( !m toge!r to di/ribute ! ink ev5ly4 ,:5 n 9 use keep _! ink$ surfaces toge!r & 9 a box s t ! du/ w n get on !m4#gg #gg ,y c buy a good rubb] /amp pad = a qu>t]4 ,rubb] /amps1 pads1 & ink c be b\ght ( ! ,ev]son & ,re$ ,co41 #hh ,*amb]s ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,to ,make ,rubb] ,/amp ,inks4--,a ,black ,ink4--,mix #c p>ts ( lampblack ) #g p>ts ( olive oil4 ,a ,r$ ,ink4--,mix #b p>ts ( v]milion ) #c p>ts ( olive oil4 ,a ,blue ,ink4--,mix #c p>ts ( anil9e blue & #f p>ts ( oleic acid ) #id p>ts ( ca/or oil4 ,a ,gre5 ,ink4--,mix #be p>ts ( anil9e blue1 #ae p>ts anil9e lemon yell[1 #ej p>ts oleic acid & ca/or oil #iej p>ts4 ,h[ to ,make a ,copygraph ,pad4--,a copygraph pad1 or hectograph1 z x is (t5 call$--f ! ,greek hekaton :i* means #ajj1 & graph to write1 h5ce to write a hundr$--is a gelat9e pad = duplicat+ a lett] or a draw+4 ,to use a copygraph pad y mu/ write y\r orig9al lett] ) an anil9e ink2 !n y lay x on ! pad & rub x d[n ) y\r f+]s4 ,:5 y remove ! %eet an impression w be left on ! face ( ! pad & if n[ y lay a %eet ( clean pap] on ! pad1 rub x & pull x (f y w h a copy almo/ z bright & cle> z ! orig9al4 ,9 ?is way z _m z #ej or #ajj copies ( ! orig9al lett] c be made4 ,to make a copygraph pad put #a ounce ( ! be/ gelat9e 9 en\gh wat] to cov] x & let x /& = #bd h\rs4 ,put a tablespoonful ( table salt into a cup ( wat]1 p\r x into ! outside c ( a wat] jacket$ pot4 ,put #f ounces ( glyc]9e 9 ! inside pot1 set ! pot on ! /ove & heat x good & hot1 or to be exact1 to ab\t #bjj degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,dra9 (f all ! wat] f ! gelat9e & put ! latt] 9 ! glyc]9e :ile x is yet on ! fire2 /ir ! mixture sl[ly e once 9 a :ile 9 ord] to prev5t bubbles f =m+1 & skim (f ! fro? t =ms on top ( x4 ,:5 y h a nice smoo? mixture /ir 9 a teaspoonful ( oil ( cloves to keep x sweet4 ,next make a pan ( %eet z9c a little l>g] ?an ! lett] y want to copy & an in* high1 or y c use a t9 pie pan if y m]ely want to try x out4 ,set ! pan on a level table1 fill x ) ! hot mixture1 let x /& ov] night & x is ready to use4 ,h[ to ,copy a ,lett]4--,y mu/ write y\r lett] ) a special anil9e ink1 call$ hectograph ink1 & use a new /eel p5 to d x )4 ,:ile ! writ+ is gett+ dry take a small clean sponge1 wet x ) cold wat]1 squeeze x z dry z y c1 wa% ! face ( ! gelat9e ) x be=e y try to make an impression or else y w spoil ! pad4 ,?is done1 lay ! %eet ( pap] ) ! writt5 side d[n on ! pad & g5tly rub y\r f+]s ov] e "p ( x4 ,let ! pap] /ay on ! pad = a c\ple ( m9utes1 !n grip a corn] ( x & pull x sl[ly & ev5ly f ! pad z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gh4 ,n[ y are ready to make y\r copies4 ,to d ?is lay a clean %eet ( pap] on ! pad1 rub x z y did ! orig9al1 let x rema9 = a m9ute & pull x (f4 ,keep on mak+ copies until y h z _m z y want or ! impression gets too fa9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4 ,,pull+ ,,an ,,impression ,,f ,,! ,,copygraph ,:5 y get ?r\gh pull+ copies wa% ! face ( ! pad ) a moi/ sponge & let x dry ?or\ghly be=e y make a new copy4 ,h[ to ,make ,hectograph ,inks4--,black ,ink4--,mix #aj p>ts ( me?yl violet2 #bj p>ts ( nigros5e2 #cj p>ts ( glyc]9e2 #e p>ts ( gum arabic & #fj p>ts ( alcohol4 ,heat x until ! anil9es are dissolv$ & /ir until all are ?or\ghly mix$4 ,r$ ,ink4--,mix #aj p>ts ( fu*s91 #aj p>ts ( alcohol2 #aj p>ts ( glyc]9e & #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,heat & /ir z be=e4 ,die ,s9k+ ,h[ to ,make ,badges1 etc4--,x is fasc9at+ "w to s9k a "n into a piece ( %eet metal ) /eel dies & yet x is v easy if y h ! tools & y c make "s money out ( x too1 = e boy wants a badge or a m$al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%eet ,,( ,,g]man ,,silv] ,,or ,,brass ,,) ,,%ield ,,m>k$ ,,on ,,x ,,! ,,%ield ,,cut ,,out ,,fig4 #gi;,a1 ,b4 ,,fir/ ,,/eps ,,9 ,,mak+ ,a ,,badge ,badges c be made ( any k9d ( %eet metal in* ?ick or m b ,g]man silv]#gh makes mighty pretty ones = x takes a high poli% & rema9s bright a long "t4 ,to cut out a %ield1 a /> or any k9d ( a badge get a & a in* /raight cold *isel & a & a in* curv$ cold *isel1#gi also a block ( h>d wood "o side ( :i* mu/ be nice & smoo?4#hj #gh ,y c buy ,g]man silv] 9 any quantity & ?ickness ( ,patt]son ,bros41 ,p>k ,r[1 ,n4 ,y4 #gi ,! ,p4 ,f4 ,smi? ,co41 #cbe ,we/ #dbnd ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,c1 make ^! *isels4 #hj ,y c make x s by scrap+ x ) a piece ( glass4 ,draw ! outl9e ( ! badge y int5d to make on a %eet ( metal2 lay ! latt] on ! block ( wood & !n cut x out ) y\r *isels & hamm] z %[n at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #gi4 ,:5 y h x cut out1 file (f ! r\gh edges4 ,h[ to ,s9k ! ,lett]s4--,= ?is "p ( ! "w y w ne$ a set ( in* /eel lett]s#ha z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hj & !y w co/ 9 ! neighborhood ( #c4jj4 #ha ,c be _h ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ac? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi;,c4 ,,! ,,badge ,,on ,a ,,flat-,,iron ,,9 ,a ,,vise4 ,d4 ,,s9k+ ,,9 ,,! ,,lett]s ,m>k ! l9es on ! badge on :i* ! lett]s are to be sunk ) a v s(t lead p5cil1 or1 bett]1 wax ! surface all ov] by tapp+ x ) y\r f+] on :i* y h rubb$ "s :ite wax & !n m>k ! l9es ) a %>p po9t$ piece ( bone4 ,o!rwise y w h tr\ble 9 gett+ ! l9es out4 ,n[ lay ! badge on a p]fectly smoo? piece ( iron--a flat-iron screw$ 9 a vise1 see ,c1 is good4 ,!n take ! middle lett] ( ! "n y are go+ to /amp & hold x ) ! not*$ side t[>d y & ) ! s]ifs#hb on ! l[] edge ( ! lett] exactly on ! middle ( ! l9e y h drawn z %[n at ,d4 #hb ,see ,*apt] ,,vii1 on ,pr9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4 ,,/eel ,,lett]s ,,& ,,figures ,,= ,,die ,,s9k+ ,hold ! /eel lett] p]fectly /raight & give x a goodly bl[ ) ! hamm] :5 ! die w s9k into ! metal & leave ! impression ( ! lett] bel[ ! surface4 ,f9i% /amp+ ! "n by work+ bo? ways f ! middle lett]1 = ?is is ! way to get ! "n on ! badge ev5ly4 ,) a set ( /eel lett]s & figures y c also /amp key *ecks1 jewel]s' *ecks1 baggage *ecks & "n plates & also s9k names on wood1 metal1 lea!r1 etc4 ,f9i%+ ,up ! ,badge4--,! next ?+ to d is to sold] a p9 on ! back ( ! badge z %[n at ,e 9 ,fig4 #gi4 ,scrape ! back up & d[n ! middle bright & clean2 put a small safety p9 on ! badge & hold !m toge!r ) a pair ( tweez]s4 ,!n put on a c\ple ( drops ( sold]+ fluid4#hc #hc ,see page #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,back ,,) ,,p9 ,,sold]$ ,,on ,,ready ,,to ,,we> ,,fig4 #gi;,e1 ,f4 ,,la/ ,,/eps ,,9 ,,mak+ ,a ,,badge ,hold ! badge ) ! p9 on top ( x 9 ! flame ( y\r alcohol lamp or ,buns5 burn] & :5 ! sold]+ fluid beg9s to sizzle t\* ! p9 ) a piece ( wire sold]4 ,:5 ! sold] runs let x cool & ! p9 w be on securely en\gh = all ord9>y purposes4 ,next poli% up ! badge by rubb+ x ) p[d]$ rott5/one mix$ ) a little ma*9e oil & !n f9i% x (f ) "s crocus4 ,if y h a la! ( any k9d get a felt :eel#hd & use ! rott5/one & oil on x & !n ! crocus4 #hd ,f4 ,w4 ,gesswe9 ,co41 ,inc41 #af ,john ,/41 sells engrav]s'1 opticians'1 plat]s' & poli%]s' supplies4 ,heat ! /amp$ surface ( ! p9 j a little & put "s black enamel1 :i* y c get at ! h>dw>e /ore1 into ! lett]s2 rub (f all t /icks to ! surface b leave all t is 9 ! sunk lett]s4 ,put x away & let ! enamel dry ?or\ghly :5 y w h a regul> badge z %[n at ,f4 ,burn+ ,br&s ,a burn+ br& is useful to m>k ! h&les ( tools1 boxes or any?+ made ( wood by burn+ a "n or a design into !m4 ,h[ to ,make a ,burn+ ,br&4--,to make a burn+ br&1 say ) y\r initials on x1 make a c>dbo>d box in* wide1 #a in* high & #c in*es long & )\t a top4 ,mix up "s pla/] ( ,p>is1 fill ! box ) x & let x set4 ,:5 x is p]fectly h>d & dry te> ! c>dbo>d box away f x1 & on ! n>r[ side ( x1 t is ! "o t is in* wide1 m>k out y\r initials1 rev]s+ ! lett]s j z !y are on type4 ,take a %>p pocket knife & cut away ! pla/] f ar\nd ! lett]s to a dep? ( in*1 ?us leav+ ! lett]s /&+ out 9 relief l type lett]s z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ha4 ,give x a c\ple ( coats ( %ellac v>ni%#he :i* n only protects ! pla/] to a c]ta9 ext5t b prev5ts x f /ick+ to ! mold4 #he ,y c make ?is v>ni% by dissolv+ yell[ gum %ellac 9 alcohol or y c buy x at a pa9t /ore4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pla/] ,,( ,,p>is ,,patt]n ,,= ,a ,,burn+ ,,br& ,,! ,,burn+ ,,br& ,,complete ,,fig4 #ha4 ,a ,,burn+ ,,br& ,,( ,,iron ,,or ,,copp] ,n[ take ?is patt]n to a brass f\ndry & h a brass ca/+ made ( x4 ,:5 y get x file x up nice & smoo? & be c>eful to keep ! surface ( ! lett]s p]fectly flat4 ,?is done1 drill a in* hole 9 ! c5t] ( ! back ( ! br& to a dep? ( an in* & ?read x ) a in* tap4 ,! next & la/ ?+ to d is to get an iron rod in* 9 diamet]1 & #ab in*es long1 b5d a r+ on "o end1 ?read ! o!r end ) a in* die & screw x into ! br&1 :5 x w look l ,b4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,burn+ ,br&4--,to use ! burn+ br& put x 9 a fire & :5 x is ab\t r$ hot1 take x out & press x firmly on ! wood y want to m>k & y\r initials w be left on ! wood z long z ! wood la/s1 ne>ly4 ,/5cils ,a /5cil is a piece ( heavy pap] or ?9 %eet ( metal 9 :i* lett]s or a design are cut ?r\gh ) brok5 l9es1 & x is us$ = m>k+ ! lett]s or design on any smoo? surface by daub+ a color on x ?r\gh ! op5 spaces ) a bru% or sponge4 ,!re are two k9ds ( /5cils1 namely 7#a7 ^? us$ = practical "w & 7#b7 ^? us$ = decorative purposes4 ,h[ to ,cut ,/5cils4--,y c cut y\r /5cils 9 ei!r 7a7 oil bo>d1#hf or 7b7 9 ?9 %eet brass or copp]4 ,pap] /5cils1 z ^? cut 9 oil bo>d are call$1 are mu* easi] to make ?an ^? cut 9 %eet metal & z !y are q durable !y w probably s]ve y\r e ne$4 #hf ,oil bo>d c be b\ght ( ,c4 ,b4 ,hewitt & ,bros41 #dh ,beekman ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,cutt+ ,pap] ,/5cils4--,all y ne$ to cut pap] /5cils ) is a %eet ( oil bo>d & a p5-knife ) a good1 %>p-po9t$ blade4 ,a /5cil alphabet is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #hb & by tak+ a look at x y w see exactly :]e ! l9es mu/ be brok5 to hold ! lett]s toge!r4 ,fir/ m>k out ) a p5cil ! size ( ! %eet y want ! /5cil to be & !n draw a l9e d[n ?r\gh ! middle to divide x into equal p>ts4 ,= e l9e ( lett]s y want draw a pair ( l9es across ! oil bo>d & h ! space betwe5 !m :atev] y want ! height ( ! lett]s to be4 ,:5 y m>k 9 ! "n or ^w />t ) ! middle lett] & draw x on ! middle l9e ( ! bo>d & !n draw 9 ! re/ ( ! lett]s to ! "r & to ! left2 by lett]+ ! oil bo>d or metal ?is way y w get ! :ole "n or ^w exactly 9 ! middle ( ! %eet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4 ,,/5cil ,,lett]s ,,& ,,/5cils ,a4 ,h[ /5cil lett]s are cut4 ,b4 ,a /5cil = m>k+ boxes4 ,c4 ,decorative /5cil = wall bord]s4 ,to cut ! /5cil lay x on a smoo? bo>d & hold y\r knife j z y d a p5 :5 y write b ) y\r f+]s a little clos] to ! po9t4 ,/>t at ! top ( ea* l9e if x is a v]tical "o1 or on ! left h& side if x is horizontal2 hold ! knife at a slight angle s t all ! l9es y cut w slant 9 t[>d ! c5t] ( ! lett] & s bevel ! pap]4 ,9 cutt+ ! /5cil y c turn ! %eet ar\nd to br+ ! l9es into ! be/ position = cutt+4 ,x does n take mu* pressure to cut ?r\gh ! bo>d b press d[n h>d en\gh on ! blade to make ! fir/ cut g cle> ?r\gh & nev] cut ov] ! same l9e twice & also make ! cuts run "r up %>p into ! corn]s4 ,x takes v small skill to cut /5cils b ! *ief "p ( ! art lies 9 draw+ ! lett]s or ! designs on ! pap] or metal4 ,cutt+ ,brass ,/5cils4--,to cut %eet metal /5cils use anneal$#hg %eet metal ab\t ,no4 #be ,br[n & ,%>pe gauge2#hh m>k out ! lett]s or design z = pap] /5cils & !n cut !m ) /5cil *isels4 ,:5 y h ! /5cil all cut file ! burr (f ( ! edges ( ! lett]s or design ) a f9e file & file !m at an angle s t all ! edges are %>p4 ,a practical /5cil is %[n at ,b4 #hg ,patt]son ,bros41 ,p>k ,r[1 ,new ,york1 c>ry %eet brass & copp] 9 /ock = /5cils4 #hh ,! ,br[n & ,%>pe ,wire ,gage is also us$ = measur+ ! ?ickness ( %eet metal4 ,h[ to ,use ,practical ,/5cils4--,a %ort1 /ubby bru%1 call$ a /5cil bru% & made especially = ! purpose is ! be/ k9d to use to /5cil )4 ,damp5 x a little & rub x on a cake ( /5cil ink2#hi hold ! /5cil d[n tight to ! surface y are to m>k & !n dab--n pa9t--! spaces 9 x ) ! bru%4 #hi ,ne>ly e /ation]y /ore c>ries /5cil ink & bru%es 9 /ock1 or y c get !m ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,cor4 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ac? ,/reet1 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,h[ to ,make ,/5cil ,inks4--,dissolve #d ounces ( %ellac & #a "p ( borax 9 a little boil+ wat] & put 9 en\gh logwood to make x r$ if ?is is ! color y want x1 or blue c>m9e if y want x to be blue4 ,!n add en\gh hot wat] to make x ab\t z ?ick z cream4 ,h[ to ,use ,decorative ,/5cils4--,art /5cils c be us$ ) good effect = c]ta9 k9ds ( decorative "w1 b x is especially adapt$ = putt+ bord]s on kalsom9$ walls4 ,y c cut ^! /5cils1 see ,c 9 ,fig4 #hb1 aft] y\r own design or y c buy !m already cut4#ij #ij ,write to ! ,fro/ & ,adams ,co41 ,cornhill1 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 = a catalogue ( _! ,art ,cut ,/5cils4 ,also to ,se>s1 ,roebuck & ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ills41 = a li/ ( _! decorative /5cils4 ,mix+ ,colors = ,/5cil+ ,bord]s4--,to make ! colors = decorative /5cils /ir a v little moresco /5cil+ color#ia ) "s hot wat]2 be c>eful n to use too mu* color or ! effect on ! kalsom9$ or fresco$ wall w be too contra/+4 ,beautiful colors 9 half-a-doz5 t9ts c be _h = ?is "w4 #ia ,made by ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,moore & ,son's ,co41 #ahj ,william ,/41 ,n4 ,y41 & sold by pa9t deal]s g5]ally4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,work+ ,,glass ,"o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ ( ! me*anical arts is work+ 9 glass4 ,"o reason = ?is is because x is a sub/ance s beautiful1 s h>d & s fragile t x seems to ! ord9>y obs]v] to be beyond ! pale ( tools4 ,au contraire1 z ! ,fr5* say x1 glass is easily work$ if y mix a little skill ) ! "r k9d ( tools & x gives me mu* pleasure to tell y h[ to d x4 ,fur!r1 ! tools y ne$ are few & ! mat]ial is inexp5sive4 ,:at ,glass ,is4--,be=e gett+ d[n to ! processes by :i* glass c be work$ x is a good s*eme to "k ab\t ! sub/ance itself4 ,hi]oglyphic#ib inscriptions on ! ,egyptian monum5ts %[ t ! art ( work+ glass 0 practic$ #d1jjj ye>s ago or be=e ! ,hebrew exodus4#ic ,n[ glass is a *emical comp\nd1 ! *ief sub/ance ( :i* is s&4 #ib ,! e>ly ,egyptians c>v$ ! hi/ory ( _! arts on /one 9 a sign language call$ hi]oglyphics f ! ,greek hi]os :i* means sacr$1 & glypho :i* means to c>ve4 #ic ,! dep>ture ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt "u ! guidance ( ,moses4 ,common glass is made by melt+ s&1 lime & soda toge!r4 ,s& is =m$ ( a *emical elem5t call$ silica2 lime is calcium c>bonate & soda is sodium c>bonate & !re y h ?ree *emical elem5ts :i* :5 !y are melt$ toge!r make common w9d[ glass4 ,glass :i* conta9s lime is call$ cr[n glass & x is ?is k9d :i* is us$ 9 mak+ "o ( a pair ( a*romatic#id l5ses4 ,fl9t glass :i* is ! k9d ( glass us$ 9 mak+ ! o!r "o ( a pair ( a*romatic l5ses conta9s lead in/ead ( lime4 #id ,an a*romatic l5s is "o t is free f color4 ,fl9t1 or lead1 glass melts m easily ?an cr[n1 or common1 glass & ?is is a good po9t] = y to rememb] :5 y are gett+ glass = y\r glass bl[+ exp]im5ts4 ,bohemian glass1 :i* is l>gely us$ = *emical app>atus1 is made ( s&1 lime & pota%4 ,color$ glass is made by putt+ small quantities ( v>i\s sub/ances into ! melt$ glass4 ,?us oxide ( cobalt#ie gives a blue color2 oxide ( *romium1 or cupric oxide a gre52 "o ( ! copp] oxides gives x a r$ color1 uranium#if a yell[1 etc4 #ie ,cobalt is a metal & is usually f\nd along ) nickel4 #if ,uranium is also a metal4 ,h[ to ,cut ,glass4--,ab\t ! simple/ & mo/ useful process = y to "k is h[ to cut glass4 ,to cut w9d[ glass y ne$ 7#a7 a glass cutt]2 7#b7 a draw+ bo>d & 7#c7 a ,t squ>e4 ,!re are two k9ds ( glass cutt]s on ! m>ket & ^! are 7a7 /eel cutt]s & 7b7 diamond cutt]s4 ,! fir/ k9d has a little /eel :eel 9 ! end1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #hc4 ,y c buy "o = a qu>t] & x w s]ve all y\r ne$s v well4 ,if money is no object y c buy a glass cutt] ) a diamond po9t su* z glazi]s use = ab\t #d4jj4 ,?is k9d ( a glass cutt] has a *ip ( g5u9e diamond 9 a swivel end & x is a pleasure to cut glass ) "o ( !m4 ,x is %[n at ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4 ,,glass ,,cutt]s ,a4 ,a /eel :eel glass cutt]4 ,b4 ,a diamond po9t glass cutt]4 ,h[ to ,use a ,glass ,cutt]4--8,!re are tricks 9 all trades b ours10 said ! c>p5t] z he drove 9 a screw ) a hamm]1 & s if y w dip ! /eel :eel cutt] into "s k]os5e be=e ea* cut is made y w be surpris$ to f9d h[ easily x cuts4 ,to use a diamond cutt]1 hold x j z y w\ld hold a p5cil & grip ! ?ree sid$ "p ) y\r ?umb1 index & middle f+]s1 z %[n at ,c4 ,!n place ! cutt] aga9/ ! /raight edge ( y\r ,t squ>e1 press x d[n firmly on ! glass & draw x along ev5ly4 ,to make ! "r k9d ( a cut hold ! diamond at a %>p angle1 t is1 v slant+1 & raise x sl[ly until a smoo?1 s\nd & cle> cut is made4 ,don't hold x /raight up & d[n or y w surely spoil x1 & nev] nev] cut twice ov] ! same l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc;,c4 ,,! ,,"r ,,way ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,diamond ,,po9t ,,glass ,,cutt] ,x takes m skill to use a diamond cutt] ! "r way ?an to use a /eel cutt]1 b a little practice w make y pr(ici5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cut ,a ,,pane ,,( ,,glass ,:5 y want to cut a %eet ( glass lay x on y\r draw+ bo>d ) ! blade ( ! ,t squ>e on x & ! head ( x aga9/ ! edge ( ! glass z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hd2 hold x tight & !n make a good1 clean cut4 ,y c !n easily break ! %eet ( glass along ! cut if !re is en\gh glass on ea* side ( ! cut to get a firm hold on4 ,if n put x into "o ( ! not*es on ! %ank ( ! glass cutt] & y c !n easily break x (f4 ,h[ to ,f9i% ,(f ,glass ,edges4--,:5 y cut a %eet ( glass ! edge left by ! cutt] w be slightly r\gh4 ,to smoo? x up & r\nd (f ! corn]s rub x on a :et/one1 t is any k9d ( a co>se /one on :i* y h p\r$ a little wat]4 ,a bett] way is to gr9d x on a gr9d/one if y h "o4 ,h[ to ,drill ,holes 9 ,glass4--,to drill a hole ?r\gh a %eet ( glass make a lay] ( putty an in* ?ick & z l>ge z ! %eet y are go+ to drill & lay ! glass on x4 ,! idea ( us+ ! b$ ( putty is to all[ ! glass to b5d a little %\ld y press d[n on ! drill too h>d4 ,take a ,morse twi/ drill &1 if y "k h[1 gr9d x on a gr9d/one to a %>p] po9t ?an x has :5 y get x2 ! next be/ ?+ to d is to %>p5 x on y\r oil/one4 ,! be/ k9d ( a drill /ock to use is an ar*im$ian1 or a reciprocat+ "o1 z %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #aa1 on page #bi1 = !n ! pressure on ! glass is ev5 9 e direction4 ,set ! drill on ! glass at ! po9t :]e ! hole is to be made2 hold x ) ! f+]s ( y\r left h& to keep x f slipp+ & lubricate x well ) turp5t9e4 ,"w ! drill at a fairly high spe$ & d n put too mu* pressure on ! drill /ock or y w surely break ! glass4 ,y w f9d x q h>d to drill a hole less ?an in* 9 diamet] ?r\gh ord9>y glass because ! drills w break & :5 y drill a hole ov] in* 9 diamet] y w f9d x a sl[ job because ( its size1 b y c drill a hole up to in* 9 diamet] if y g sl[ & are c>eful4 ,a ,c\ple ( ,ways to ,cut ,glass ,tub+4--,! ,fir/ ,way4--,a simple way to cut1 or r break (f a piece ( glass tube ev5ly is to make a cut all r\nd ! tube ) a ?ree-corn]$ file#ig & y c break x (f at ! l9e )\t tr\ble4 #ig ,! "r "n ( a ?ree corn]$ file is a ?ree squ>e file4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4 ,a ,,cutt] ,,= ,,glass ,,tubes ,! ,second ,way4--,an easy & sure way to cut glass tub+ (f smoo? is to use a gauge glass cutt]2#ih ?is is a ,v /eel rod ) a seat on "o end & a /eel cutt+ :eel on ! o!r4 ,! arm ( ! rod hold+ ! :eel is m>k$ (f 9 fractions ( an in* l a rule & a /op ) a set screw 9 x slides on ?is rod z %[n 9 ,fig4 #he4 #ih ,y c buy "o ( ^! tools ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ac? ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,to use ! cutt] set ! /op on ! rod at ! l5g? y want to cut ! tube2 !n put ! rod ) ! cutt] on x 9 ! tube & ) ! seat outside2 press ! ,v rods toge!r tight & turn x & ! tube 9 opposite directions :5 x w make a good cut & y c break ! tube 9 two easily4 ,h[ to ,cut ,glass ,disks4--,by saw+ out a r\nd bo>d1 lay+ x flat on a %eet ( glass & runn+ y\r glass cutt] ar\nd ! edge ( ! patt]n y c cut out an approximately r\nd disk ( glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4 ,a ,,circul> ,,glass ,,cutt] ,b to cut out a p]fectly r\nd disk y mu/ h a circul> glass cutt]#ih;a z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hf4 ,x has an adju/able cutt] head m\nt$ on a squ>e rod s t ! head c be turn$ on x4 ,! rod is m\nt$ on a h>dwood base s t x c revolve ar\nd ! latt]4 #ih;a ,y c buy "o ( ^! tools ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ac? ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,aft] ! cutt] head is set on ! rod = ! size ( ! circle y int5d to cut hold x d[n on ! glass by ! ?umb-piece4 ,! cutt] head is !n mov$ r\nd 9 a circle & a clean cut is made aft] :i* ! edge ( ! disk c be smoo!d up4 ,?is circul> glass cutt]1 :i* is call$ ! ,little ,beauty1 w cut a circle #bj in*es 9 diamet] & co/s ab\t #ej c5ts4 ,if y are mak+ a frictional electric ma*9e ?is is ! tool y ne$ to cut ! glass plates )4 ,h[ to ,b5d ,glass ,tub+4--,x is useful to "k h[ to b5d a piece ( glass tub+1 especially if y are int]e/$ 9 *emi/ry & want to set up "s app>atus--9 fact y %\ld "k h[ be=e y ev] />t to exp]im5t4 ,!re are j two ?+s y ne$ to b5d glass tubes ) & ^! are 7#a7 a ,buns5 burn]#ii & 7#b7 ! glass tub+1 bo? ( :i* y c buy ( ,eim] & ,am5d1 ,f\r? ,av5ue1 ,cor4 #ah? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 #ii ,complete in/ructions = mak+ a ,buns5 burn] w be f\nd 9 ,! ,magic ( ,sci5ce by ! pres5t au?or & publi%$ by ,flem+ ,h4 ,revell ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,:at a ,buns5 ,burn] ,is4--,?is is a burn] 9 :i* a jet ( ord9>y illum9at+ gas is mix$ ) air1 ! am\nt be+ regulat$ by a r+ :i* op5s & closes ! air holes 9 ! burn]4 ,a ,buns5 burn] makes a v hot flame because ! gas 9 ! tube moves fa/] ?an 9 an ord9>y burn] & ! oxyg5 9 ! air aids ! gas to burn4 ,a pla9 ,buns5 burn] is %[n at ,a1 9 ,fig4 #hg4 ,if y h no gas 9 y\r h\se y c use an alcohol lamp#ajj :i* y c ei!r buy or make = y\rself4 #ajj ,h[ to make an alcohol lamp out ( an ink-bottle is expla9$ 9 ,! ,magic ( ,sci5ce4 ,b5d+ ! ,glass ,tube4--,to b5d a piece ( glass tube y %\ld h a fi% tail jet set 9 ! end ( ! ,buns5 burn] to give a wide flame l an illum9at+ burn] z %[n at ,b4 ,hold ! tube ov] ! flame ( ! burn]1 or alcohol lamp until x is heat$ r$ hot all along ! place y want to b5d x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,buns5 ,,burn]s ,n[ turn ! tube 9 ! flame ) y\r f+]s until x is heat$ ev5ly all ar\nd & becomes s(t2 take x f ! flame & quickly b g5tly b5d x z y w :i* y c d v easily4 ,) v little practice y w be able to make a good smoo? b5d j :]e y want x4 ,h[ to ,bl[ ,glass ,to ,r\nd ! ,ends ( a ,tube4--,:5 y cut a tube ei!r ) a file or a glass cutt] ! edge ( ! end w be %>p b n smoo?4 ,all y h to d to r\nd x is to heat x 9 ! flame until x beg9s to melt1 :5 ! glass w run & make a smoo? edge4 ,to ,bord] ! ,ends ( a ,tube4--,to bord] a tube means to spread ! edge out a little all ar\nd s t a cork c be put 9 easi] or a liquid p\r$ out bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4 ,,bord]+ ,,! ,,end ,,( ,a ,,tube ,take a piece ( *>coal & %ave x d[n ) y\r knife to =m a cone ! size y want ! bord] to be4 ,heat ! end ( ! tube by turn+ x 9 ! flame until x is q s(t & !n pu% 9 ! *>coal cone1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hh4 ,to ,seal ,(f ! ,end ( a ,tube4--,to close "o end ( a tube1 or seal x (f z x is call$1 heat x 9 a fi%-tail burn] j z ,i expla9$ = b5d+ glass4 ,:5 ! glass beg9s to get s(t pull ! two ends ( ! tube ap>t until ! walls ( ! tube are drawn toge!r z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,cut a nick 9 ! ?9 solid "p ) a file & break x (f4 ,if y want a clos$ end z %[n at ,b heat ! end ( ! tube y h seal$ (f & press x d[n on a piece ( iron4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4 ,,seal+ ,,(f ,,! ,,end ,,( ,a ,,tube ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,hole ,,9 ,a ,,tube ,to ,make a ,glass ,nozzle4--,9 sett+ up *emical app>atus x v (t5 happ5s t a glass nozzle is ne$$4 ,to make a nozzle seal (f a piece ( glass tube z describ$ above & by nick+ x ) a file y c h ! hole 9 ! end ( ! tube any size y want x4 ,to ,make a ,hole 9 a ,tube4--,to make a hole ( any size 9 a tube1 or pi]c+ x1 z x is call$1 y ought to h a %>p po9t$ flame & a bl[-pipe1 :i* is describ$ f>!r on4 ,cork up "o end ( ! tube1 heat ! po9t1 see ,a 9 ,fig4 #ij1 :]e y want ! hole & !n /ick ! o!r end 9 y\r m\? & bl[ g5tle puffs 9 x until a little bulb is =m$4 ,:5 ! bulb is cold take a file & g5tly crack ! ?9 glass & trim x away2 n[ heat ! tube ar\nd ! edge ( ! hole aga9 until ! glass beg9s to run :5 a r\nd smoo? hole w be produc$ z %[n at ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia;,a4 ,,weld+ ,,two ,,tubes ,,toge!r4 ,b4 ,,mak+ ,a ,t ,,tube ,to ,jo9 ,two ,tubes ( ! ,same ,size4--,put a cork into "o end ( "o ( ! tubes & hold ! o!r end 9 ! flame z well z "o end ( ! o!r tube z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ia4 ,let ! ends ( ! tubes get hot en\gh to melt b n ?ick52 n[ press ! melt$ ends toge!r h>d en\gh to make !m /ick toge!r b n h>d en\gh to make !m =m a ?ick r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib;,a4 ,a ,,regul> ,,bl[-,,pipe ,to make a good job y %\ld n[ use a po9t$ flame & heat ! juncture all ar\nd r$ hot & bl[ into ! op5 end ( ! tube to spread ! glass a trifle4 ,:ile y are bl[+ keep turn+ ! glass 9 ! flame to make ! jo9t nice & smoo?4 ,to ,jo9 ,"o ,tube to ! ,side ( ,ano!r ,"o4--,fir/ make a hole 9 ! side ( ! tube 9 ! mann] already describ$ & !n cork up bo? ends2 heat ! tube ar\nd ! hole & "o end ( ! o!r tube z %[n at ,b1 9 ,fig4 #ia4 ,:5 !y are s(t press !m toge!r h>d en\gh to make a good jo9t4 ,x is a good s*eme to wrap cotton ar\nd ! jo9t :ile x is /ill hot to anneal ! glass1 :i* means to make x less brittle by lett+ x get cold sl[ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib;,b4 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,a ,,home ,,made ,,bl[-,,pipe ,to ,bl[ a ,bulb on ! ,end ( a ,tube4--,h[ to ,make a ,bl[-,pipe4--,= bl[+ bulbs on tubes1 = flasks & ! l1 y ne$ a regul> glassbl[]'s bl[-pipe 9 ord] to get a hott] flame ?an a ,buns5 burn] gives4 ,y c buy a bl[-pipe z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ib = #a4ej1aja or y c easily make "o z foll[s3 get a brass tube in* 9 diamet] & #aj in*es long & drill a in* hole 9 x #c in*es f "o end2 fit ano!r pipe ( ! same size & l5g? at an angle ( ab\t #cj degrees to ! fir/ "o2 put a /opcock 9 ! latt] pipe & sold] x to ! fir/ pipe ov] ! hole z %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #ib4 #aja ,bl[pipes & bell[s c be b\ght ( ,hamma*]1 ,s*lemm] & ,co41 ,f\r? ,ave4 & #ac? ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,next take a glass tube in* 9 diamet] & #ad in*es long & make a b5d 9 x #c in*es f "o end4 ,make a hole ?r\gh a cork & pu% x ov] ! glass tube2 slip ! tube into ! brass pipe & =ce ! cork into ! end ( ! latt] tight en\gh to hold ! glass tube exactly 9 ! middle ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib;,c4 ,,! ,,glass ,,bl[+ ,,arrangem5t ,,ready ,,to ,,use ,connect ! l[] end ( ! glass tube ) a rubb] tube ab\t #c in*es long to a brass tube ( ! same size & #h in*es long & fit a /opcock into ?is pipe4 ,?is completes ! burn] b y want to set ! l[] ends ( ! two tubes into & ?r\gh ! top ( y\r table s t ! /opcocks are above x & ! l[] ends ( ! tubes project bel[ ! table4 ,next connect ! l>ge brass tube ) a gas jet or o!r s\rce ( illum9at+ gas & ! small brass tube ) a foot bl[] or o!r s\rce ( compress$ air z %[n at ,c4 ,! bl[] c be an ord9>y mold]s' bell[s :i* y c buy = ab\t #a4ej1 or y c make a pair1 or y c buy a regul> bl[pipe bell[s z %[n at ,d1 :i* are v mu* bett]1 = ab\t #h4jj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib;,d4 ,a ,,regul> ,,foot ,,bell[s ,by adju/+ ! m\? ( ! glass tube--:i* is ! air tube--t is1 draw+ x 9 & out ( ! m\? ( ! brass tube :i* is ! gas tube1 & by regulat+ ! am\nt ( air & gas1 a po9t$ flame or a bru% flame1 t is1 a flame ( l>ge size1 c be _h at ! m\? ( ! bl[pipe accord+ to ! "w y are do+4 ,h[ to ,bl[ a ,bulb4--,take a good piece ( glass tube ab\t in* 9 diamet] & #ae in*es long2 draw "o end out long & ?9 = ab\t #c in*es z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4 ,,fir/ ,,/eps ,,9 ,,bl[+ ,a ,,glass ,,bulb ,a4 ,draw+ out ! tube4 ,b4 ,=m+ glass r+s on ! tube4 ,!n heat a small "p ( ! tube 9 a l>ge1 or bru% flame1 turn ! glass 9 ! flame all ! "t until x is s(t & !n press on bo? ends to make ! glass ?ick] at ?is po9t4 ,d ! same ?+ above ! r+ ?us =m$1 & s on until y h sev]al r+s ( glass z %[n at ,b1 :i* are ?ick en\gh to make ! siz$ bulb y want4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic;,c4 ,,mak+ ,a ,,?ick ,,r+ ,,( ,,glass ,next heat ! n>r[] p>ts m>k$ a a a a & bl[ g5tly & press gradually on ! ends to make ! ?ick r+s melt & fl[ toge!r into "o l>ge r+ ( ?ick glass z %[n at ,c2 & 9 do+ s be mighty c>eful t ! walls d n cave 94 ,n[ melt & seal (f ! tail & heat ! :ole bulb 9 z l>ge a flame z y c get & at ! same "t turn ! tube till ! r+s run toge!r4 ,at ?is in/ant take x f ! flame &1 /ill turn+ x1 bl[ into x ) a few little quick bla/s until y get ! size & %ape y want z %[n at ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic;,d4 ,,la/ ,,/ep ,,9 ,,bl[+ ,a ,,glass ,,bulb ,h[ to ,et* ,glass4--,!re are two ways to et* glass & ^! are 7#a7 ) a s& bla/ & 7#b7 ) acid4 ,! ,s& ,bla/ ,process4--,! process :i* foll[s is a simplifi$ =m ( ! regul> s&-bla/ way ( do+ x1 & ) x y c easily make a gr\nd glass surface or et* a /5cill$ "n or a design on a %eet ( glass4 ,all y ne$ is 7#a7 a box ) a tight fitt+ lid #e in*es wide1 #e in*es high & #aj in*es long z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #id4 ,cut a hole 9 "o end1 say #d #d in*es1 ?us leav+ a m>g9 ( wood an in* wide all ar\nd2 7#b7 a p\nd ( r co>se em]y1 & 7#c7 a p\nd ( %ot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id;,a4 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,app>atus ,,= ,,s& ,,bla/ ,,et*+ ,clean ! surface ( ! glass y are go+ to et* ) w>m wat] ) a little soda 9 x1 wa% x (f & rub x dry4 ,next cut a /5cil ) y\r "n on x or y c make a geometrical design by fold+ a %eet ( pap] & cutt+ x out ) a pair ( %e>s4 ,coat ! glass ) a ?9 lay] ( mucilage1 lay ! /5cil on x & rub x d[n flat4 ,rub ! mucilage (f clean 9 ! cut out p>ts ) a slightly moi/ sponge & be sure to get x all (f too4 ,n[ cut out a piece ( clo? ! size ( ! end ( ! box & cut a hole 9 x ! exact size ( ! hole 9 ! box4 ,lay ?is on ! end ( ! box ) ! hole 9 x1 lay ! glass ov] x & fix !m all toge!r tight ) rubb] b&s z %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #id1 or tie x up ) /r+4 ,! clo? cut-out betwe5 ! box & glass w prev5t ! em]y f sift+ ?r\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id;,b4 ,,s& ,,bla/ ,,app>atus ,,put ,,toge!r ,,ready ,,= ,,et*+ ,put ! %ot & em]y 9 ! box1 fa/5 ! lid on tight & !n %ake x h>d up & d[n s t ! em]y & %ot w /rike ! surface ( ! glass ) z mu* =ce z possible4 ,keep ?is up = #ae m9utes or half an h\r :5 ! glass w be et*$ deep en\gh4 ,:5 y op5 ! box y w f9d t ! p>ticles ( em]y h be5 emb$d$ 9 ! lead %ot & ea* ( ! latt] has become a cutt+ tool4 ,?is process ( et*+ c be us$ = metals z well z = glass4 ,h[ to ,make ,gr\nd ,glass4--,to make gr\nd glass g ab\t x z above describ$ b 9 ?is case no /5cil is ne$$4 ,! ,acid ,process4--,hydr(luoric acid is made by treat+ fluor-sp>#ajb ) sulphuric acid4 ,! acid :i* is ?us =m$ acts on glass by eat+ into x & = ?is reason x mu/ be kept 9 ei!r rubb]1 lead or plat9um bottles ^u :i* x has no effect4 ,9 et*+ l>ge surfaces ! acid is n put on ! glass directly2 because x eats s smoo?ly ! effect is n /rik+ en\gh2 in/ead ! foll[+ process is us$ :i* leaves a r\gh surface m ne>ly l t ( ! s& bla/4 #ajb ,fluor-sp> is calcium fluoride2 y c buy x ( ,eim] & ,am5d1 #d? ,ave4 & #ah? ,/41 ,new ,york1 or ( ! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,app>atus ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,make a lead di% ! size ( ! glass y want to et* & ) ! sides an in* high4 ,put ab\t an ounce ( p[d]$ fluor-sp> into ! di% & p\r en\gh conc5trat$ sulphuric acid on x to make a ?ick pa/e4 ,coat ! surface ( ! glass ) p>aff91 or beeswax & ros91 & !n ) a /eel scrib]1 or o!r po9t$ in/rum5t scrat* on y\r "n or ! design y int5d to et*1 cle> ?r\gh to ! glass4 ,lay ! glass ) ! wax$ side d[n on ! di% conta9+ ! fluor-sp> mixture1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ie1 & let x /& ov] night4 ,! vapor =m$ by g5]at+ hydr(luoric acid 9 ?is way attacks ! silica1 t is ! s&1 ( ! glass ) :i* x has a great t5d5cy to unite1 & ?us ! glass dis9tegrates or is eat5 away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4 ,,et*+ ,,glass ,,) ,,acid ,a4 ,et*+ a %eet ( glass ) fluor-sp>4 ,b4 ,et*+ a !rmomet] tube ) hydr(luoric acid4 ,! next morn+ :5 y take (f ! glass1 scrape (f ! wax & y w f9d ! "n or design et*$ on x4 ,to et* ! graduations on !rmomet]s1 burettes1 etc41 coat !m ) wax & scrat* ! l9es & figures on !m j z describ$ above--b 9 ?is case y c put ! hydr(luoric acid on direct z %[n at ,b1 us+ a spl9t] ( wood = ! purpose4 ,h[ to ,cem5t ,glass4--,to cem5t glass clean ! edges or surfaces to be fix$ toge!r ) hot wat] 9 :i* y h put a little soda2 dry well ) a clean clo? & !n be c>eful n to let y\r f+]s t\* ! clean$ p>ts4 ,bru% ov] ! edges or surfaces ( ! glass ) ! cem5t made accord+ to ! directions :i* foll[ & press & b9d ! p>ts toge!r z tightly z possible4 ,to make ! cem5t dissolve #b ounces ( ! be/ gum arabic 9 "s hot wat] & !n add #a ounces ( pulv]iz$ />* & ounce ( sug> & /ir until !y are dissolv$4 ,heat ! mixture 9 a pot or a t9 c :i* sets 9 a l>g] pot or t9 ( wat]--or wat] ba? z x is call$4 ,:5 ! />* gets cle> take x f ! fire1 put 9 a few drops ( oil ( cloves to keep ! cem5t sweet & let x get cold1 :5 x %\ld be ab\t z ?ick z cream4 ,a ,simple ,way to ,fro/ ,glass4--,make a saturat$ solution ( alum wat]1 :i* means to dissolve z mu* alum 9 hot wat] z possible4 ,lay ! glass on a p]fectly level table & p\r on z mu* ( ! alum wat] z y c )\t its runn+ (f & let x cool sl[ly1 :5 ! alum w cov] ! glass ) f9e cry/als4 ,?is is a good sub/itute = gr\nd glass4 ,a *eap fro/+ = w9d[s c be made by dissolv+ ,epsom salts 9 hot wat] & !n mix+ x ) a cle> solution ( gum arabic4 ,sub/itutes = ,glass4--,!re are a numb] ( sub/ances t c be us$ in/ead ( glass4 ,9 "s cases a sub/itute is bett] ?an glass b g5]ally !y are us$ because !y are *eap]4 ,mica4--,?is m9]al1 :i* is also b wrongly call$ is+lass1 is f\nd 9 ,f>!r ,india2 x is a silicate & c be split into ?9 %eets2 9 color x ranges f colorless to a jet black & f ! transp>5t to ! transluc5t4 ,x is useful 9 _m ways because x is firepro(4 ,gelat9e4--,gelat9e is obta9$ f ! sk9s1 ho(s & horns ( animals4 ,is+lass is a ne>ly pure gelat9e & is a :ite1 t\gh1 p>tly transp>5t sub/ance :i* is obta9$ *iefly f ! air-bladd]s ( fi%4 ,to make %eets ( ei!r gelat9e1 or is+lass1 dissolve "s ( ! f9e/ glue1 or is+lass--! latt] is ! be/--9 en\gh hot wat] s t x w =m a flexible solid %eet :5 x is cold4 ,:ile x is /ill hot /ra9 x ?r\gh a piece ( *eese clo?2 ?is done1 grease a clean %eet ( glass & build up ! edges ) "s putty2 w>m ! glass & p\r on ! gelat9e to a ?ickness ( in*4 ,n[ lay ano!r greas$ & hot %eet ( glass on top ( ! gelat9e & let x /ay !re until x is cold4 ,! %eets ( gelat9e c be giv5 any color by add+ a little anil9e to ! gelat9e :ile x is hot4 ,h[ to ,silv] a ,mirror4--,:ile x is mu* *eap] to buy a mirror ?an x is to make "o /ill !re are times :5 x is useful to "k h[ to make "o4 ,z y "k1 a mirror is a %eet ( cle> glass free f air bubbles & ^u ! back ( :i* is a film ( silv]4 ,! silv] ba? is made by mix+ a weak solution ( silv] nitrate ) ammonium hydroxide until ! solution is cle> & !n add+ a little cau/ic pota% to x4 ,?is done1 put 9 a few m drops ( ammonia & f9ally a v little glyc]9e4 ,n[ float ! glass on ?is mixture :5 ! surface w soon be coat$ ) silv]4 ,:5 ! film is ?ick en\gh take ! glass f ! ba?1 wa% ! film ( silv] on ! back ( x ) clean1 cold wat]1 dry & v>ni% x & y\r mirror is done4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,toys ,,= ,,! ,,kiddies ,if !re is z mu* pleasure 9 giv+ z !re is 9 receiv+ y c get twice z mu* pleasure out ( mak+ toys ) y\r own h&s & giv+ !m to y\r little bro!rs & si/]s--if y h any1 & if y hav5't1 !n ,i'm truly sorry = y4 ,s9ce y "k h[ to use wood & metal work+ tools x w be easy = y to make any & all ( ^! toys ,i h describ$ 9 ?is *apt] & "s ( !m are q useful too4 ,& :5 y are mak+ !m let ! little folks wat* y = ?is w please !m greatly & make !m d\bly happy4 ,n[ "s gr[n-ups don't "k x b h[ev] small a kiddie is he or %e likes to play ) ?+s t look l ^? ! old] folks "w )4 ,( c\rse all toys _c be ( ?is k9d = "s ( !m are made to be funny & o!rs are made to be lifelike1 b ^! are ! ?ree *ief k9ds ( toys4 ,h[ to ,make a ,policeman's ,puzzle4--,get two /rips ( wood in* ?ick1 an in* wide & #aa in*es long & cut h&les on "o end ( ea* /rip4 ,saw ) y\r scroll saw out ( in* ?ick wood1 two policem5 #f in*es high & also "o ,baxt] ,/reet clo?i] ( ,semitic p]suasion1 #c in*es high z %[n 9 ,fig4 #if4 ,pivot ! leg ne> ! foot ( ea* policeman to ! ends ( bo? ( ! /rips by driv+ a c\ple ( brads ?r\gh & into !m & !n nail ! ,israelite fa/ to ! top /rip ) a c\ple ( brads4 ,n[ :5 y pull ! /rips ap>t "o ( ! long arms ( ! law w crack ,ikey on ! cranium & :5 ! /rips are pu%$ toge!r aga9 ! o!r m9ion ( au?ority w b\nce 8 club on ! place :]e 8 bra9s ought to be4 ,a little r$ & blue wat] color w add to ! realism ( ! toy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4 ,a ,,policeman',s ,,puzzle1 ,,or ,,n[ ,,w ,,y ,,be ,,good ,h[ to ,make an ,automobile ,truck4--,?is little toy w br+ a lot ( unalloy$ joy to any t9y1 we5tie fell[ & x's easy to make1 too4 ,cut out a bo>d = ! bottom in* ?ick1 #d in*es wide & #ad in*es long2 trim d[n "o end ( x s t x is #b in*es wide 9 front z %[n at ,a ,fig4 #ig4 ,bore a in* hole #b in*es f ! front end4 ,saw (f a block ( wood #a in* squ>e & #b in*es long--?is is to brace ! seat )--& glue ?is block across ! body #f in*es f ! back z %[n by ! dott$ l9e 9 ,fig4 #ig4 ,make a seat ( a bo>d in* ?ick1 #a in*es wide & #c in*es long & glue or nail x to ! block4 ,illu/ration3 ,c--,,! ,,hood ,b--,,side ,,view ,,top ,,view ,,fig4 #ig4 ,,plans ,,= ,,! ,,automobile ,,truck ,to make ! body or box1 cut out two /rips ( wood in* ?ick & make "o #b in*es wide & ! o!r #b in*es wide & #d in*es long = ! front & back1 & two /rips ( wood #b in*es wide & #f in*es long = ! sides4 ,nail "o ( ! %ort /rips on ! bottom close up to ! seat & ! blocks ( wood x re/s on & nail ! side /rips on ! bottom4 ,next r\nd (f ! l[] edge ( ! %ort bo>d t is left2 set x 9 betwe5 ! ends ( ! sidebo>ds & drive a brad ?r\gh ea* ( ! sidebo>ds & into ! tail-bo>d ne> ! bottom2 ?is br+s ! tail-bo>d s t x c be clos$ up or let d[n z ! side view at ,b %[s4 ,saw (f two in* squ>e blocks & h bo? ( !m j a %ade ov] #d in*es long & ^! are = ! axles4 ,nail "o fa/ ne> ! re> ( ! bottom #b in*es f ! back end1 & nail ! o!r "o fa/ to ! front ( ! bottom #a in* f ! end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig;,d4 ,,! ,,automobile ,,truck ,,ready ,,to ,,run ,make a hood out ( a block ( wood #a in*es wide & long & #b in*es high & bevel (f ! top z %[n at ,c2 nail ?is to ! bottom 9 front z %[n 9 ! top & side views4 ,= ! /e]+ :eel saw out a :eel in* ?ick & #a in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! la/ ?+ to d is to saw out f\r :eels in* ?ick & #b in*es 9 diamet]2 drill a in* hole 9 ! exact c5t] ( ea* :eel & screw x on ! end ( ! axle ) a #a in* long1 r\nd head1 wood screw4 ,pa9t ! automobile a bright r$ :5 x w look l ,d & run l a fire eng9e4 ,h[ to ,make a ,swell ,coa/]4--,?is is a practical toy t e little tot w l imm5sely4 ,x is j z simple z ! automobile b x mu/ be made v mu* /rong]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,top ,,view ,d--,,/e]+ ,,h&le ,c--,,side ,,view ,b--,,axle ,,support ,,fig4 #ih4 ,,plans ,,= ,a ,,swell ,,coa/] ,get a bo>d1 h>dwood is ! be/1 or #a in* ?ick1 #e in*es wide & #ad in*es long & saw x out s t "o end is #b in*es wide z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ih2 bore a hole #a in* 9 diamet] 9 ! front end & in* holes across ! back at ! places m>k$ ) circles4 ,next make ! re> axle support & = ?is saw out ( a #a in* ?ick bo>d a piece #d in*es wide & #g in*es long & saw out ( "o end ( x a piece #b in*es squ>e4 ,take y\r brace & bit & bore a in* hole ?r\gh ! hang]s z %[n at ,b4 ,screw ?is support to ! seat across x #a in*es f ! re> end4 ,brace ! support by screw+ an angle brace1 z %[n 9 ! side view ,c1 to x & ! seat4 ,?is done make ! /e]+ h&le1 & = x y want to use a /ick ( h>dwood #a in* ?ick1 #b in*es wide & #ae in*es long2 saw a piece out ( "o end #a in*es wide & #b in*es deep = ! axle support = ! front :eel2 saw ! o!r end d[n until x is #a in* wide & #f in*es deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih;,e4 ,,! ,,coa/] ,,ready ,,to ,,ride ,,on ,r\nd (f ?is small] end = ! h&le1 z %[n at ,d1 & bore a in* hole close to ! end = ! h&le b>4 ,slip ! r\nd$ end ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! front "p ( ! seat1 drive a nail ?r\gh x j above ! seat & glue 9 a piece ( wood an in* 9 diamet] & #f in*es long1 = ! h&le b>4 ,saw out ?ree :eels ea* ( :i* is #d in*es 9 diamet]1 bore a in* hole 9 ! c5t] ( ea* "o4 ,set "o ( ! :eels betwe5 ! hang]s ( ! /e]+ h&le1 slip a bolt ?r\gh !m & screw on a nut4 ,pu% a bolt ?r\gh ea* ( ! o!r :eels & ?r\gh a hang] ( ! axle support & screw on a nut1 :5 ! coa/] is ready to run1 z %[n at ,e4 ,a coat ( bright pa9t w make x m attractive b x won't run any bett]4 ,h[ to ,make a ,nifty ,:eelb>r[4--,?is is a cute :eelb>r[ & w tickle any little *optie 'mo/ half to dea? & y c make x 9 no "t4 ,get two /icks ( wood in* squ>e & #bd in*es long & r\nd (f "o end ( ea* "o ab\t #c in*es d[n = ! h&le4 ,next bore in* holes half way ?r\gh 9 ! o!r ends ( ! /icks #d in*es back = ! axle2 bore two m in* holes #f in*es back ( ! fir/ two1 & f9ally #e in*es back ( ! la/ ones bore two m in* holes1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ii4 ,?is done cut (f f\r /icks an in* 9 diamet]--or in* squ>e ones w d--& make "o ( !m #d in*es long2 ! next "o #f in*es long1 ! ?ird #h in*es long1 & ! la/ "o #aj in*es long4 ,out ( a bo>d #a in* ?ick saw a :eel #e in*es 9 diamet] & bore a hole 9 its c5t] an in* 9 diamet]4 ,sme> "s glue on ! middle ( ! %orte/ /ick & slip ! :eel on x s t x is exactly 9 ! middle4 ,make ! body1 t is ! box1 ( ! b>r[ ( wood in* ?ick & h x #d in*es wide at "o end1 #f in*es wide at ! o!r end1 #e in*es high & #g in*es long4 ,?r\gh ! middle1 b a little t[>d ! back & ne> ! upp] edge1 bore two holes a %ade l>g] ?an an in* 9 diamet] & slip ! ?ird longe/ /ick ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! body2 drive a brad ?r\gh ! /ick on ea* side ( ! body to keep ! latt] f slipp+ f side to side1 b x mu/ sw+ easily on ! /ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,top ,,view ,,( ,,:eelb>r[ ,b--,,side ,,view ,c--,,:eelb>r[ ,,complete ,,fig4 #ii4 ,a1 ,b4 ,,plans ,,= ,,! ,,nifty ,,:eelb>r[1 ,c4 ,,! ,,b>r[ ,,ready ,,to ,,:eel ,y are n[ ready to assemble ! :eelb>r[ & if y int5d to pa9t x y mu/ d s be=e y put x toge!r4 ,to assemble x sme> glue on ! ends ( all ! cross-/icks1 except ! "o ) ! :eel on x = ?is "o mu/ revolve1 & drive on ! h&les1 be+ c>eful t ! axle ( ! :eel does n b9d4 ,a side view ( ! :eel b>r[ is %[n at ,b4 ,:5 x is done1 see ,c1 y w see t h[ev] high or l[ ! h&le-b>s are held ! body always sets level & if x is a good idea = a toy :y w\ldn't x be a good idea = a full gr[n :eelb>r[8 ,h[ to ,make a ,high-,l[ ,sw+4--,"h is a peace promot] & a quell] ( di/urbances :]ev] !re are v little kiddies ar\nd4 ,x is an indoor sw+ t c be hung f ! top ( a door-case4 ,fur!r1 ?\gh x may look a little complicat$ 9 ! draw+1 x is simplicity itself4 ,fir/ take ! seat & = ?is1 z = all ( ! wood = ! sw+1 use in* ?ick /uff4 ,cut out two side b>s #a in* wide & #ac in*es long & drill a in* hole 9 ! end ( ea* "o4 ,across ^! b>s nail f\r cross b>s #b in*es wide & #ad in*es long z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ajj4 ,next make ! sides ( ! sw+ & f ea* ( ^! saw (f two /rips #a in* wide & #ac in*es long z %[n at ,b4 ,bore a hole 9 ea* end ( bo? /icks to mat* ! holes 9 ! side b>s ( ! seat & !n bore two in* holes 9 bo? /icks & h ea* hole #b in*es f ! end4 ,saw (f two /rips ( wood in* ?ick & #a in* wide = ea* side1 cut d[n & r\nd ! ends1 sme> glue on !m & drive !m into ! cross-/icks4 ,! backs ( ! sw+1 z y w see at ,c1 are made exactly l ! sides except t !y are #ad in*es long1 & f9ally a s+le b> #a in* ?ick & wide & #ad in*es long ) a in* hole 9 ea* end goes across ! front ( ! sw+ to keep ! little fell[ f fall+ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,! ,,seat ,b--,,! ,,sides ,c--,,front ,,b> ,,fig4 #ajj4 ,,plans ,,= ,,! ,,high-,,l[ ,,sw+ ,n[ get two pieces ( good in* ?ick manila rope ab\t #aj feet long2 d\ble ea* piece 9 ! middle & pass "o end ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! front b>1 !nce ?r\gh two holes 9 ! side-/rips & f9ally ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! cross-b> ( ! seat & !n knot x4 ,?is done pass ! o!r end ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! cross-/rips ( ! back1 !n ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! cross-/rips ( ! side & la/ ( all ?r\gh ! cross-b>s ( ! seat4 ,fix ! o!r piece ( rope ! same way & sw+ is done1 z %[n at ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj;,d4 ,,! ,,sw+ ,,ready ,,to ,,sw+ ,,l[1 ,,sw+ ,,high ,all y h to d n[ is to loop ! top ( ! ropes ov] a c\ple ( hooks screw$ into ! top ( ! door-case1 put ! little tot 9 & give him or h] a sw+4 ,h[ to ,make a ,/ick ,horse4--,?is is a great improvem5t ov] rid+ a broom/ick because x doesn't take s mu* imag9ation to *ange x into a runaway horse4 ,saw out ( a bo>d #e in*es squ>e ! head ( a fi]y /e$ z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aja & pa9t x a dapple-gray1 ) a mane on its neck to look l a real pony4 ,make a re9 ( webb+ & !n nail ! head on a /ick or #a in* squ>e & #c feet long = ! rid] to /raddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,! ,,/ick ,,horse ,,complete ,,fig4 #aja4 ,,ride ,a ,,/ick ,,horse ,,to ,,banbury ,,cross ,make an axle ( a /ick #a in* squ>e & #d in*es long2 :ittle ! ends d[n until !y are an in* 9 diamet] & nail ! axle to ! free end ( ! long /ick4 ,saw out a pair ( :eels ( in* ?ick /uff1 #d in*es 9 diamet] & bore a in* hole ?r\gh _! c5t]s4 ,slip a :eel ov] ea* end ( ! axle & drive a ?9 nail ?r\gh ea* end to prev5t ! :eels f com+ (f1 & x w be fit & ready to ride z %[n at ,b4 ,h[ to ,make a ,pony & ,c>t4--,if ?is little pony & c>t are to be play$ ) 9 ! h\se y c make x ! size m>k$ 9 ,fig4 #ajb b if x is to be us$ out-(-doors !n y %\ld make x twice ! size4 ,get a nice smoo? bo>d an in* ?ick1 draw on x a horse1 at lea/ z good z ! "o %[n 9 ! picture1 & !n saw x out4 ,pa9t x any color b r$ or gre51 = ponies1 ev5 9 little picture books1 are nev] ( ^! colors4 ,make a frame #a in*es wide & #d in*es long by nail+ two /rips ( wood an in* squ>e ) a block ( wood an in* squ>e & #a in* long betwe5 !m4 ,?is leaves an op5+ an in* wide & #a in*es long z %[n at ,a4 ,saw out ( a piece ( in* ?ick wood a :eel #a in* 9 diamet] & drill a in* hole ?r\gh its c5t]4 ,set ! :eel 9 ! op5+ & drive a wire nail ?r\gh ! frame & ! c5t] ( ! :eel = x to run on4 ,?is done nail1 glue or screw ! horse to x z %[n at ,b4 ,make ! c>t next1 see ,c1 :i* is simply a box made ( or in* /uff1 #c in*es high1 #d in*es wide & #f in*es long4 ,nail a /rip ( wood an in* squ>e & #d in*es long on ! bottom & 9 ! middle ( x4 ,saw out a pair ( :eels #b in*es 9 diamet] & screw !m to ! ends ( ! /rip ( wood s t !y c turn freely4 ,next make ! %afts2 ^! are =m$ ( two /rips ( wood in* ?ick & ab\t #e in*es long4 ,nail ! ends ( ^! to ! front end ( ! c>t 9 ! middle & at a di/ance ap>t s t ! horse w j slip 9 betwe5 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,complete ,,frame ,,= ,,! ,,:eel ,,pony ,,c>t ,,fig4 #ajb ,a1 ,b4 ,,plans ,,= ,a ,,pony ,,& ,,c>t4 ,c1 ,d4 ,,! ,,pony ,,& ,,c>t ,,:5 ,,done ,glue1 or o!rwise fa/5 ! %afts to ! horse1 z %[n at ,d1 & y c !n %[ y\r little bro!r h[ to play ) x1 b don't break x be=e y give him a *ance to play ) x too4 ,! f9i%$ pony & c>t w !n look l ! picture4 ,h[ to ,make a ,life-l ,goose4--,ne>ly all geese1 includ+ gosl+s1 are lifelike unless !y are be+ made ready = ! pot b ?is gray-goose is lifelike 9 t h] head moves out f & back t[>d h] body :5 %e is drawn ov] ! floor by a /r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,life-,,l ,,goose ,,is ,,made ,a4 ,! size ( ! bo>d = ! body4 ,b4 ,! size ( ! bo>d = ! head & neck4 ,c4 ,! crank %aft :i* makes ! goose life-l4 ,get two pieces ( ?9 wood in* ?ick1 #c in*es wide & #f in*es long2 draw ! outl9e ( a goose's body on "o ( !m1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ajc1 & !n fa/5 !m toge!r ) a c\ple ( brads4 ,saw !m out & drill a in* hole ?r\gh !m 9 ! c5t] ( ! circle :i* is ! :eel2 also drill1 or bore1 ?ree in* holes at ! po9ts ne> ! edge ( ! body z %[n by ! l>g] circles4 ,on a bo>d in* ?ick1 #b in*es wide & #e in*es long draw out ! head & ! neck ( a goose1 z %[n at ,b1 saw x out & drill a in* hole ne> ! end ( its neck4 ,n[ pa9t ! bird's body & ! ant]ior "p ( its anatomy--by :i* ,i mean its head & neck4 ,saw out two wood5 :eels #b in*es 9 diamet] & drill a hole 9 ! c5t] ( ea* "o4 ,cut (f a piece ( iron wire in* ?ick1 slip x ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! goose's neck & b5d ! wire on bo? sides ( x to =m a crank%aft z %[n at ,c4 ,! next move is to put ea* end ( ! wire ?r\gh ! small hole 9 ! body1 !n =ce a :eel on ea* end ( ! wire tight & b5d up :at is left ( ! latt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc;,c4 ,,goosie1 ,,goosie ,,g&]1 ,,:]e ,,%all ,i ,,w&] ,make ?ree p9s ( wood in* 9 diamet] & in* long2 sme> "s glue on ! ends & drive !m g5tly ?r\gh ! holes2 ^! p9s w keep ! bo>ds :i* =m ! body ! "r di/ance ap>t & ! p9s 9 front also act z a guide = ! goose's head4 ,:5 f9i%$ x w look l ,c4 ,n[ :5 a /r+ is ti$ to ! front "p ( ! goose's body & y\r little si/] 7or y7 pulls x ov] ! floor1 ! goose w run its head to & fro & =? & back 9 a mo/ real & life-l fa%ion4 ,h[ to ,make a ,danc+ ,sambo4--,"h is a *ance = y to get 9 y\r f9e "w ) y\r scroll saw & to d a bit ( wood c>v+ at ! same "t if y want to4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd;,a4 ,,! ,,danc+ ,,sambo ,saw out1 or c>ve out1 or bo?1 ! head & body ( a black rascal nam$ ,sambo1 & make !m ( a s+le piece ( wood2 saw out a pair ( arms & legs b make ea* "o ( ! latt] 9 two p>ts & jo9t !m at ! knees z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,fa/5 ! arms & legs to ! body ) p9s s t !y w sw+ freely4 ,! figure %\ld be ab\t #f in*es high & pa9t$ 9 #c or #d bright colors4 ,:5 y h x done fix ! end ( a wire in* 9 diamet] & #e in*es long1 firmly into ! back ( ,sambo's body4 ,make a box #c in*es wide1 #c in*es high & #f in*es long2 bore or cut a hole in* 9 diamet] 9 "o end2 turn x upside d[n & drill a hole ?r\gh ! middle ( ! top & drill a in* hole ?r\gh bo? sides #b in*es back f ! l>ge hole 9 x z %[n at ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd;,b4 ,,! ,,me*anism ,,( ,,! ,,danc+ ,,sambo ,cut (f a /rip ( wood an in* squ>e & z long z ! box is wide1 drill a in* hole ?r\gh x & glue x inside ! box s t ! hole 9 ! /rip & ! "o 9 ! top ( ! box w be 9 a l9e4 ,n[ cut (f a /rip ( h>dwood in* ?ick & #c in*es long = ! lev] & drill a in* hole ?r\gh x #b in*es f "o end2 slip ! lev] ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! end ( ! box ) its end "u ! cross-b>2 pivot ! lev] by runn+ a wire ?r\gh ! hole 9 x & ! sides ( ! box z %[n at ,b4 ,slip ! wire :i* is fix$ to ,sambo ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! top ( ! box & on d[n ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! cross-b> s t its free end re/s on ! end ( ! lev]4 ,?is is all !re is to ! work+ me*anism ( ,sambo4 ,by work+ ! end ( ! lev] ) y\r f+]s z ?\gh y 7 s5d+ a telegraph message1 z %[n at ,a1 ! small "t ,e?iopian w execute all sorts ( fancy dance /eps & cut up antics t w keep ! *ildr51 & ! gr[n-ups too1 9 great good humor = a long "t4 ,by work+ ! lev] clev]ly y c give ! d>key di/9ctive *>act]i/ics t n ev5 a memb] ( 8 own race ev] possess$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje;,a4 ,,! ,,wireless ,,pup4 ,,! ,,slot ,,9 ,,! ,,floor ,,( ,,! ,,dog ,,h\se ,h[ to ,make a ,wireless ,pup4--,?is is a mo/ rem>kable bull-pup = he w jump out ( ! k5nel :5 y or any "o else calls him1 :5 y clap y\r h&s or on any o!r occasion :5 a l\d noise is made4 ,always make a dog-h\se = a pup be=e y cat* him s t :5 he gets home he'll "k he's !re4 ,use smoo? in* ?ick p9e bo>ds = ! h\se & cut out a piece #g in*es wide & #h in*es long = ! floor4 ,cut a slot cle> ?r\gh ! bo>d #a in*es f "o end & p>allel ) ! edge ( ! back & h x an in* wide & #a in*es long2 !n on ea* end ( ! slot cut a groove an in* long & in* deep z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aje4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje;,b4 ,,! ,,back ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,dog ,,h\se ,cut out two pieces = ! sides ( ! h\se #d in*es wide & #h in*es long & screw !m to ! floor4 ,n[ bevel (f ! top edges ( ! sides ) a plane to all[ = ! slope ( ! ro( b be=e y put x on y mu/ in/all ! wireless app>atus t makes ! pup jump out ( ! dog-h\se4 ,make a back out ( a bo>d #g in*es squ>e z %[n at ,b4 ,?is app>atus consi/s ( five *ief p>ts & ^! are 7#a7 a spank]2 7#b7 a sol5oid2 7#c7 a /iff piece ( clock-spr+2 7#d7 a telephone transmitt] & 7#e7 two or ?ree cells ( dry batt]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje;,c4 ,,! ,,spank] ,,) ,,electric ,,sol5oid ,,control ,! spank]1 s call$ because x spanks ! pup out ( 8 k5nel1 is %[n at ,c2 x is simply a /rip ( wood in* ?ick1 #a in* wide & #c in*es long4 ,tack1 or o!rwise fix1 a piece ( t9 to "o side ( x to =m an electrical contact2 cut a in* hole 9 ! middle ( x & !n drive a brad 9 ea* edge ne> "o end4 ,! spank] sets 9 ! slot 9 ! floor & ! brads re/ 9 ! grooves & s]ve z pivots4 ,a sol5oid is m]ely an electromagnet ) a loose iron core 9 x4 ,make a c>dbo>d spool #a in*es long & #a in*es 9 diamet] & h ! hole 9 x in* 9 diamet]2 w9d x full ( ,no4 #bj or #bb d\ble cotton cov]$ magnet wire & y\r sol5oid is done4 ,an iron bolt in* 9 diamet] & #a in*es long makes a good plung]1 z ! loose iron core is call$4 ,slip x ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! spank] & screw ! sol5oid to ! inside ( ! back ( ! h\se z %[n 9 ! cross section draw+ at ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje;,d4 ,,cross ,,section ,,side ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,wireless ,,pup ,,ready ,,= ,,action ,make a contact plate ( a /rip ( t9 or %eet brass & screw ?is to ! floor back ( ! spank] s t :5 ! plung] is drawn into ! sol5oid & ! spank] is back z f> z x w g ! plate w come 9 contact ) ! t9 on ! spank]4 ,put a /op 9 front ( ! spank] to prev5t ! latt] f fall+ too f> =w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje;,e4 ,,! ,,front ,,end ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,wireless ,,pup ,,h\se ,next get a /rong1 /iff piece ( clock-spr+1 pun* two holes 9 "o end & screw x to ! back ( ! h\se ne> ! top1 ) ! free end ( ! spr+ press+ out ! spank]4 ,fa/5 by means ( hang]s1 or o!rwise1 an ord9>y telephone transmitt] to ! ro( ( ! h\se z %[n at ,d4 ,n[ make ! front ( ! h\se & cut #d #e op5+ 9 x = ! pup to get 9 & out1 & a hole #a in*es 9 diamet]1 z %[n at ,e1 s t :5 y put ! front on1 ! hole w be directly ov] ! m\?piece ( ! transmitt]4 ,be=e putt+ on ! front connect up ! app>atus z %[n at ,d1 t is1 connect "o ( ! wires ( ! transmitt] to ! contact plate2 jo9 ! o!r wire ( ! transmitt] to ! batt]y2 lead "o ( ! wires ( ! sol5oid to ! t9 on ! spank]4 ,:5 ^! connections are made ! circuit w be complete if a batt]y is connect$ 9 & ! spank] is pu%$ back4 ,n[ put on ! front ( ! h\se & !n make ! pup4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje;,f4 ,,:5 ,,y ,,call ,,! ,,wireless ,,pup ,,or ,,clap ,,y\r ,,h&s ,,he ,,comes ,,out ,,( ,,8 ,,dog ,,h\se ,,9 ,a ,,hurry ,saw ! body ( ! pup & 8 legs out ( sep>ate pieces ( wood & glue !m toge!r4 ,he %\ld be #b in*es high & #e in*es long :5 done & he mu/ slide easily on ! floor4 ,see ,f1 ,fig4 #aje4 ,! action ( ! wireless pup is l ?is3 ,y pu% ! pup into ! h\se & back aga9/ ! spank] z f> z he w g2 ?is presses ! spr+ back & at ! same "t makes connection ) ! contact plate :i* closes ! circuit4 ,! curr5t f ! batt]y !n fl[s ?r\gh ! sol5oid & transmitt] & ?is magnetizes ! iron plung] core & holds ! spank] back aga9/ ! =ce ( ! spr+4 ,if n[ y call l\dly1 or clap y\r h&s1 ! c>bon granules 9 ! transmitt] w vibrate & ?is w sudd5ly weak5 ! curr5t1 &1 h5ce1 ! magnetism ( ! sol5oid4 ,! in/ant ! magnetic pull ( ! sol5oid is weak] ?an ! spr+ ! latt] w =ce ! spank] aga9/ ! po/]ior end ( ! pup's anatomy & boo/ him out ( 8 k5nel4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,home ,,made ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts ,!re is music 9 ev]y?+ if y only "k h[ to get x out )\t crack+ x4 ,:5 a small boy beats a pie-pan ) a /ick1 or drums on a wood5 f5ce he is mak+ music1 only ! neighbors won't believe x4 ,?is is because he sets up ! same note 9 succession & aft] a :ile ! con/ant repetition ( ?is s+le note gets on a gr[n-up's n]ves1 especially if he is writ+ a book2 h5ce he ?9ks ! s\nds are noise b x is really music ( a bomba/ic#ajc ord]4 #ajc ,! gong1 drum1 bell1 & cymbals all set up s\nd by concussion & ^! are call$ bomba/ic in/rum5ts4 ,by ?is ,i mean t :at we call noise is s\nd set up by unev5 air waves#ajd 9 "t & volume :ile music is made by a tone1 or tones1 ( ev5 air waves4 ,any musical in/rum5t t produces s\nd by %ock1 or concussion z x is call$1 is said to be bomba/ic4 #ajd ,= ! !ory ( air waves & s\nd see ,! ,magic ( ,sci5ce by ! pres5t au?or1 publi%$ by ,flem+ ,h4 ,revell & ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,:5 a bomba/ic in/rum5t is play$ alone ! s\nds set up by x are n v sweet or musical b if y w use a set ( eight ( !m1 or octave z x is call$1 & tune !m s t ! pit*--:i* is ! numb] ( air waves t are produc$ & he>d 9 a second ( "t--( ea* "o is a note high] ?an ! "o be=e x & !n make fir/ "o & ! o!r vibrate y w produce pleas+ tones1 & by comb9+ ^! tones prop]ly y w h a resemblance ( :at we call music4 ,! ,musical ,co9s4--,h[ to ,make ,!m4--,a simple & v pleas+ way to %[ t !re is music ev5 9 cold brass is to take a piece ( %eet brass1 or1 bett]1 %eet /eel1 ab\t in* ?ick & scribe on x ) a pair ( compasses eight circles ^: diamet]s range f #b in*es to #c in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf;,a4 ,,! ,,musical ,,co9 ,saw !m out & file !m d[n s t ea* "o w r+ out a :ole numb]1 z x is call$ 9 physics2 t is1 if ! l>ge/ & deepe/ ton$ co91 or disk1 makes #bej vibrations a second1 ! next "o mu/ make #ejj vibrations a second1 ! next #gej & s on until ! smalle/ & highe/ pit*$ co9 w make #bjjj vibrations a second4 ,:5 ea* co9 r+s out its :ole numb]1 or ne>ly s1 y w h :at is kn[n z a h>monic s]ies4 ,n[ saw not*es 9 ! edges ( ea* "o z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ajf & !n file !m until ! tone ( ea* "o is j "r4 ,h[ to ,play ,!m4--,to play a tune ) ! musical co9s sp9 !m on ! top ( a table--a m>ble top table is ! be/--& z ea* co9 dies d[n#aje & its edge /rikes progressively aga9/ ! surface ( ! table x w r+ out 9 a cle>1 l\d tone4 #aje ,if y w look closely at ! sp9n+ co9 y w see t :5 x sp9s fa/ at fir/ ! axis ab\t :i* x rotates is its diamet] & t ! co9 /&s upright4 ,z ! co9 comm5ces to die d[n ! axis ab\t :i* x sp9s gradually beg9s to %ift f ! diamet] to ! c5t] ( ! co9 until f9ally at ! f9i% ! co9 is sp9n+ directly ab\t its c5t]4 ,?is motion is ! same z ! processional motion ( ! e>?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf;,b4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,hold ,,! ,,musical ,,co9 ,,to ,,sp9 ,,x ,! co9s %\ld be laid 9 a r[ on ! table & :atev] note y want to r+ out pick up ! co9 :i* w produce x1 hold x z %[n at ,b1 & give x a little sp94 ,y c soon le>n to sp9 !m ) ei!r h& & keep two or m ( !m go+ at ! same "t1 :5 y w h t agreeable comb9ation ( tones t is kn[n 9 music z h>mony4 ,! musical co9s are easy to le>n to play & at a little di/ance (f !y look l real co9s & are a v pleas+ novelty4 ,! ,musical ,tomato ,cans4--,h[ to ,make ,!m4--,! musical tomato cans make a bomba/ic in/rum5t--v bomba/ic ,i %\ld say4 ,be t z x may1 get eight tomato cans1 soak ! labels (f c>efully & keep !m4 ,next melt (f ! tops ( ! cans & pa/e ! labels on !m aga94 ,set ea* c on a piece ( felt z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg4 ,,! ,,*op9 ,,tomato ,,c ,n[ by p\r+ wat] 9 ! cans y c tune !m s t ea* "o w s5d =? a :ole numb] note & all ( !m toge!r w give ! notes 9 ! regul> ord] ( an octave4 ,y d n ne$ to put any wat] 9 ! fir/ c b use ?is "o = ! fundam5tal note1 t is ! note on :i* ! *ord is =m$4 ,make a c\ple ( mallets1 z ! /icks to beat ! cans ) are call$1 ( a pair ( /icks ab\t z ?ick z a lead-p5cil & twice z long & glue a wood5 ball in* 9 diamet] on "o end ( ea* "o4 ,to ,play ! ,tomato ,cans4--,:5 y h tun$ ! cans set !m 9 a r[ on a piece ( felt1 or a c\ple ( ?icknesses ( ?ick wool5 clo? w d1 & ) a mallet 9 ea* h& tap !m s(tly4 ,:ile "s folks :o h no e> = melody1 h>mony & dissonance#ajf may say t bo? ! in/rum5t & ! p]=m] ought to be cann$ /ill ! in/rum5t is a great "o to play ,*op9's#ajg fun]al dirge#ajh on4 ,und]tak]s are crazy ab\t ! musical tomato cans4 #ajf ,^! are ! ?ree *ief factors t make up ! v>i\s comb9ations ( tones :i* we call music4 #ajg ,*op9 7pron\nc$ ,%o-pan7 0 a ,poli% musical compos]4 #ajh ,a dirge is a tune express+ grief & m\rn+4 ,! ,musical ,glasses4--,h[ to ,make ,!m4--,diff]5t f ! tomato cans1 ! musical glasses make ab\t ! sweete/ music ev] he>d4 ,to make a set get eight v ?9 glass goblets & m\nt !m on a bo>d #ab in*es wide & #b feet long4 ,an easy way to d ?is is to fa/5 ! foot ( ea* goblet d[n ) a c\ple ( ?9 /rips ( t9 or brass plac$ across x & screw+ ! ends ( ^! to ! bo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajh4 ,to tune ! glasses p\r wat] 9 !m until ea* has exactly ! "r pit* & toge!r !y =m an octave4 ,:5 y h le>n$ to play simple tunes on an octave ( musical glasses y c build up ! set to #bb glasses or ?ree octaves1 :i* w give y en\gh notes to play almo/ any ( ! popul> airs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh4 ,,! ,,musical ,,glasses ,h[ to ,play ! ,glasses4--,be=e />t+ 9 to play moi/5 ! rims ( ! glasses & rub y\r f+]s ) wat] 9 :i* y h put "s v9eg>1 or bett]1 a little acetic acid1#aji until !y feel q r\gh4 #aji ,?is is ! acid conta9$ 9 v9eg> t gives x its value4 ,n[ :5 y lay ! tips ( y\r f+]s flat on ! rim ( a glass & rub !m ar\nd x1 ! friction betwe5 ! sk9 ( y\r r\gh5$ f+]s & ! edge ( ! glass w set ! latt] into vibration & a wond]fully sweet tone w be s5t out4 ,by v>y+ ! pressure ( y\r f+]s on ! glasses y c produce a v beautiful tremolo effect4 ,x is a good s*eme to put a few drops ( acetic acid into ea* goblet s t j z quickly z ! volume ( s\nd beg9s to fall (f y c dip y\r f+] tips into :atev] glass !y are ne>e/ to & s increase ! friction betwe5 !m & ! glass4 ,if y c play a set ( musical glasses well y\r s]vices w be 9 dem& = all k9ds ( ent]ta9m5ts4 ,! ,tubul> ,h>p4--,h[ to ,make ,x4--,?is easily made in/rum5t gives out tones v mu* l ^? ( ! musical glasses b !y are mu* deep] & l\d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji ,a1 ,b4 ,,! ,,h>p ,,( ,a ,,?\s& ,,?rills ,to make ?is h>p y w ne$ #ab feet ( in* bell-metal#aaj tube--brass tube w d b x is n z good--& cut x into eight pieces2 saw (f ! fir/ tube #b feet long & cut (f ea* ( ! o!r pieces an in* %ort] ?an ! "o be=e x4 ,cyl9drical /icks ( wood c also be us$ = ! tubes4 #aaj ,brass & bell metal tub+ c be b\ght ( ! ,u4 ,t4 ,hung]=d ,brass ,copp] ,co41 #hi ,lafayette ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,get two /rips ( wood #a in* squ>e & #c feet long & screw !m toge!r z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aji ) a c\ple ( ?umb screws2 ?is done bore eight in* holes 9 ! /icks e #d in*es ap>t & smoo? !m out ) a half-r\nd file4 ,glue a /rip ( clo? on ! side ( ea* /rip t is bor$ out1 set ea* tube ) ! middle 9 ! groove s t !y gr[ %ort] 9 /eps & screw ! /rips toge!r tight ) ! ?umb screws to hold ! tubes 9 securely z %[n at ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji;,c4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,play ,,! ,,h>p ,to tune ! tubes saw (f & file (f ! end ( ea* tube until x gives =? ! prop] note4 ,:5 y h tun$ !m make a /& to hold ! in/rum5t & ?is c be ( ei!r wood1 or metal tub+ if y want ! h>p to look nice & y don't c>e ab\t ! exp5se4 ,! h>p is %[n complete at ,c4 ,h[ to ,play ! ,h>p4--,:5 y h made ! /& get a pair ( old gloves & cut (f ! f+]s2 p[d] "s ros9 & rub x well into ! palms ( ! gloves4 ,?is done1 put on ! gloves1 grip ! top ( ! tube & draw y\r h& sl[ly d[n t[>d ! s\nd+ bo>d1 z %[n at ,c1 & a beautiful tone w be emitt$4 ,n only does ! tube vibrate to make ! s\nd b z x is holl[ x acts z a resonator1 t is1 ! s\nd w set up sympa!tic vibrations 9 ! tube :i* w ren=ce ! simple vibrations ( ! tube bo? 9 /r5g? & quality4 ,by wav+ y\r f+] ov] ! top ( ! tube :ile y are play+ x ) ! o!r h& a tremolo effect c be produc$ t is v beautiful & if y are v]satile y c make x s\nd almo/ l a human voice4 ,! ,musical ,pu% ,pipe4--,h[ to ,make ,x4--,?is musical in/rum5t is an organ pipe b x is play$ l a slide trombone1 t is by pu%+ 9 & pull+ out a slide t fits inside ( x4 ,spruce is ! be/ wood to make ! organ pipe ( b y c use any o!r k9d y h at h&4 ,saw (f f\r /rips ( wood in* ?ick & #af in*es long & h two ( !m #c in*es wide & ! o!r two #b in*es wide1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aaj4 ,saw (f "o ( ! #c in* wide bo>ds s t x w be #ab in*es long & plane d[n "o end to a %>p edge z %[n at ,b4 ,take ano!r bo>d an in* ?ick & make x #b in*es high & #c in*es wide z %[n at ,d4 ,cut out a bo>d = ! end in* ?ick1 #b in*es wide & #b in*es long & bore a in* hole 9 x z %[n at ,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pu% ,,! ,,pipe ,,back ,,bo>d ,,top ,,front ,,bo>d ,,l[] ,,front ,,bo>d ,,lip ,,side ,,bo>ds ,,end ,,m\? ,,piece ,,fig4 #aaj4 ,,p>ts ,,( ,a ,,musical ,,pu% ,,pipe ,z y supply ?is pipe ) air by bl[+ 9 x1 take a common ?read spool & trim d[n "o end ( x z %[n at ,f s t y c get x into y\r m\?2 !n glue ! l>ge end ov] ! hole 9 ! bottom bo>d4 ,next glue ! sides toge!r to =m a squ>e tube & make & glue into ! l[] end a ?ree-corn]$ piece ( wood #b in*es wide1 #c in*es high & #b in*es ?ick z %[n at ,g4 ,?is w br+ "o ( its %>p edges j "u & v close to ! %>p edge ( ! %ort side ( ! pipe4 ,glue ! ?ick piece ( wood %[n at ,d to ! l[] end ( ! pipe s t x leaves a in* space betwe5 its top edge & ! %>p edge ( ! %ort side ( ! pipe4 ,f9ally glue ! m\?piece 9 ! l[] end ( ! tube & ?is "p ( ! pu% pipe is done4 ,if n[ y w place y\r h& ov] ! op5 top ( ! pipe & bl[ ?r\gh ! m\?piece1 a s(t note l t ( a /eamboat :i/le w issue f x4 ,to play a tune on ! pipe x mu/ h a range ( an octave b if x w s\nd an octave & a half y c play _m ( ! popul> airs on x4 ,to d ?is fit ! organ pipe ) a movable /op1 or pu%1 :i* slides 9 & out ( ! pipe4 ,make ?is pu% ( two /rips ( in* ?ick wood1 #b in*es wide & #ab in*es long2 screw "o end ( ea* ( ^! bo>ds to a block ( wood ! size ( ! top ( ! organ pipe & screw a knob--! head ( a clo!sp9 w d--on x 9 ! c5t] = a h&le4 ,! /op1 or slide1 w ( c\rse be op5 on two sides & mu/ slip snugly b easily 9 ! pipe4 ,to ,play ! ,pu% ,pipe4--,if n[ y w bl[ ?r\gh ! m\?piece & slide ! /op 9 & out v>i\s tones & semi-tones w be produc$4 ,x takes v little practice to le>n j :]e to /op ! slide to make a giv5 note--t is if y are at all apt 9 play+ musical in/rum5ts4 ,a pu% pipe#aaa is j ! ?+ = a black-face musical act4 #aaa ,a pu% pipe c be b\ght = #d4jj ( ! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,app>atus ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj;,j4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,pu% ,,pipe ,,is ,,play$ ,! ,curi\s ,xylophone4--,h[ to ,make ,x4--,?is in/rum5t1 :i* is pron\nc$ zil-o-fon1 is *eap to make or buy#aab & is easy to le>n to play4 #aab ,c be b\ght ( any deal] 9 musical in/rum5ts or ( ! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,co41 ,bo/on4 ,to make "o cut (f fifte5 b>s ( a /ick ( maple an in* ?ick1 in* wide & make ! longe/ "o #e in*es4 ,to get ! "r l5g?s ( all ! o!rs y w h to saw !m (f a little at a "t & try !m out = tone1 because any v>iation 9 ?ickness w make a diff]5ce 9 ! l5g? ( !m4 ,h5ce ! above rule-(-?umb me?od = det]m9+ ! sizes ( !m4 ,drill a in* hole ?r\gh bo? ends ( ea* b> & /r+ !m on a wire to keep !m 9 place4 ,make two rolls ( /raw in* 9 diamet] & #bj in*es long2 fix ! ends ( ^! rolls on a bo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aaa & lay ! maple b>s on !m :5 !y are ready to be play$ on4 ,h[ to ,play ! ,xylophone4--,! xylophone is play$ ) a pair ( hamm]s4 ,to make ! latt] cut (f two /icks in* 9 diamet] & #h in*es long2 get or turn two wood5 balls #a in* 9 diamet]2 bore a in* hole 9 ea* "o & glue 9 "o ( ! /icks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaa4 ,a ,,xylophone4 ,,! ,,b>s ,,are ,,made ,,( ,,wood ,take a hamm] 9 ea* h& & hold x loosely2 /& ov] ! xylophone s t ! /icks ( ! hamm]s are p>allel ) & ab\t #f in*es above ! b>s ( ! xylophone & ) ! ball ends 9 ! middle ( ! b> x is ov]4 ,n[ p\nd ! b>s = de> life & ! fa/] ! tune ! m musical x w s\nd4 ,= ?is reason pieces l ! ,circus ,life ,gallop are especially adapt$ = ! xylophone4 ,! ,peculi> ,tubaphone4--,h[ to ,make ,x4--,by us+ brass tubes1 or bett]1 tubes made ( bell metal1 y c h a xylophone ( ano!r ord]4 ,use tub+ in* 9 diamet] & h ! fir/ "o #e in*es long = ! fundam5tal4 ,keep on saw+ !m (f & fil+ !m d[n until y h !m all done & all 9 tune4 ,make a wood5 frame ( in* /uff & h ! bottom #b in*es wide at "o end1 #d in*es wide at ! o!r end & #ag in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aab4 ,a ,,tubaphone4 ,,! ,,b>s ,,are ,,made ,,( ,,metal ,,tubes ,saw (f two /rips ( wood an in* ?ick1 #a in* wide & #ag in*es long4 ,bore fifte5 in* holes #a in* ap>t measur$ f _! c5t]s 9 !m2 glue a /rip ( felt or ?ick clo? to ! wood 9 ea* "o & slip ! tubes 9 ! felt l9$ holes z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aab4 ,h[ to ,play ! ,tubaphone4--,to play ?is peculi> in/rum5t use a c\ple ( felt cov]$ mallets2 ^! c be made by w9d+ a little ball ( /r+ ar\nd "o end ( ea* /ick :i* %\ld be ab\t in* 9 diamet] & #h in*es long1 & !n cov]+ x ) felt4 ,beat ! tubes ) ! felt mallets 9 exactly ! same way y d :5 y play ! xylophone4 ,! ,ca!dral ,*imes4--,h[ to ,make ,!m4--,?is is "o ( ! easie/ musical in/rum5ts to make & ! music produc$ by x is impressive 9 its tone & dep?4 ,to make x saw (f a bo>d1 or in* ?ick1 ab\t #ab in*es wide & #bb in*es long & screw a block #a in* squ>e to ea* corn] = x to re/ on4 ,get eight b9d+ po/s#aac ( ! size %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aac2 drill eight in* holes 9 ! bo>d1 #d 9 a r[ ) ! holes #e in*es ap>t & h ! r[s also #e in*es ap>t1 & !n screw a b9d+ po/ into ea* hole4 #aac ,^! c be b\ght ( ! ,manhattan ,electrical ,supply ,co41 ,p>k ,place1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,*imes ,a4 ,a full siz$ b9d+ po/4 ,b4 ,! *imes on ! s\nd+ bo>d4 ,make eight spirals ( ,no4 #ad spr+ brass1 /eel or1 bett]1 phosphor-bronze#aad wire2 y c d ?is by cutt+ (f eight pieces ( ! wire ea* ( :i* is #bj in*es long4 ,draw a spiral on a %eet ( pap] z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v s t ! inside turn ( wire is ab\t in* 9 diamet]1 ! outside turn ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet] & ea* turn ( wire w be sep>at$ f ! o!r by a space ( in* z %[n at ,b4 #aad ,get x ( ! ,u4 ,t4 ,hung]=d ,brass & ,copp] ,co41 ,hung]=d ,build+1 ,new ,york4 ,) y\r r\nd nose pli]s b5d ea* l5g? ( wire l ! patt]n y drew on ! pap]4 ,:5 y h made ! spirals screw ! inside end ( ea* wire 9 ! b9d+ po/ & y\r ca!dral *imes are done all except ! tun+ ( !m4 ,let ! fir/ spiral ( ! upp] left h& side give ! fundam5tal tone & tune ! o!rs to x by cutt+ (f ! free ends ( ! wires until !y are all tun$ 9 unison4 ,make a c\ple ( wood mallets & cov] ! ends ) lea!r or ra:ide4 ,h[ to ,play ! ,ca!dral ,*imes4--,/rike ! inside turn ( wire up close to ! end t is fa/5$ to ! b9d+ po/1 & a tone w issue f ! spiral t is long1 deep & l\d1 = ! wire ) its free end =ms a v p]fect vibrat+ body4 ,! olian ,h>p4--,h[ to ,make ,x4--,?is h>p is ( v anci5t orig9 & x gets its "n f olus :o1 9 classic my?ology1 0 ! fa!r ( ! w9ds1 & v appropriately is x nam$1 too1 = x is ! w9d t plays x4 ,make a box ( in* ?ick wood1 #b in*es deep1 #e in*es wide & #c feet long2 use cle> p9e1 or deal w d1 = ! sides ( x b ! ends %\ld be ( bee* to hold ! tun+ p9s & ! hit* p9s4 ,cut a s\nd hole #c in*es 9 diamet] ne> bo? ends ( ! bo>d :i* is to be us$ = ! top2 !n glue ! box toge!r & screw up ! ends ) y\r wood clamps to hold x toge!r tight :ile x is dry+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4 ,,! ,,h>p ,,( ,,aeolus ,:5 x is ?or\ghly dry1 drill a doz5 in* peg holes in* deep 9 "o end1 six 9 a r[ z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aad4 ,make a doz5 pegs to fit ! holes & ^! %\ld h w+s on !m z %[n at ,b l viol9 pegs4 ,ea* peg %\ld be ab\t #a in*es long & ea* "o %\ld h a in* hole drill$ ne> ! top ( ! %ank = ! end ( ! /r+ to pass ?r\gh4 ,! hit* p9s c be brass brads driv5 into ! o!r end ( ! box & 9 a l9e ) ! holes1 all ( :i* is %[n at ,a4 ,make two bridges ( h>d wood in* ?ick2 h ea* "o #a in* high & #e in*es wide & ) #ab not*es cut 9 "o side4 ,n[ get a doz5 catgut /r+s ( diff]5t ?icknesses & put !m on ! s\nd+ bo>d2 to d ?is twi/ a loop on ! end ( ea* "o2 ?read ! o!r end ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! peg & tight5 x up a little4 ,:5 y h all ( ! /r+s 9 place set a bridge "u ea* end & !n tune ! /r+s 9 unison1 b don't /ret* ! /r+s on v tight or ! w9d won't make !m vibrate4 ,?is done1 cut out ano!r in* ?ick p9e bo>d & glue a block in* squ>e & #a in*es long to ea* corn] & set x on top ( ! h>p4 ,! purpose ( ?is cov] is to make ! w9d bl[ ) z mu* =ce z possible ov] ! /r+s4 ,h[ ! ,w9d ,plays ,x4--,to ! end t old olus may play ! h>p to ! be/ ( 8 ability set x on ! sill ( an op5 w9d[ s t ! w9d /rikes ! /r+s at a slant4 ,pull ! w9d[ d[n on ! h>p 9 ord] to make all ( ! w9d pass betwe5 ! cov] & ! /r+s4 ,:5 ! w9d bl[s s(tly beautiful tones w be emitt$ & :5 ! w9d bl[s h>d discords w be produc$ b z ! w9d subsides exquisite h>monies w aga9 prevail4 ,an ,egyptian ,fiddle4--,h[ to ,make ,x4--,! e>ly ,egyptians inv5t$ ! fiddle1 or rebab z !y call$ x1 b !y did n play x ) a b[4 ,lat] 9 m$ieval times1 t is 9 ab\t ! #i? c5tury1 ?is fiddle came to be call$ a rebec & x 0 !n play$ ) a b[4 ,i'll bet ?\gh t ! fiddle ,i %all tell y h[ to make & play s\nds bett] ?an any ,egyptian rebab ev] made--?\gh x is n exactly a ,/radiv>ius4#aae #aae ,! priceless fiddles made by ! fam\s old viol9 mak] ,antonio ,/radiv>i ( ,cremona1 ,italy1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! #ag? c5tury4 ,to make a fiddle ( ?is k9d--x only has "o /r+ & only "o is ne$$ by a ma/] viol9i/--make a s\nd+ box ( or in* ?ick wood except ! ends :i* %\ld be ( in* ?ick /uff2 ?is box %\ld be #d in*es high1 #f in*es wide at "o end1 #h in*es wide at ! o!r end & #ab in*es long4 ,cut a hole #f in*es 9 diamet] 9 ! c5t] ( ! bo>d :i* y are go+ to use = ! s\nd+ bo>d1 & !n glue all ( ! pieces toge!r us+ wood clamps to hold !m tight4 ,= ! neck take a /ick ( wood #a in*es wide1 #b in*es ?ick & #ae in*es long2 cut x d[n until "o end is #a in* ?ick & cut a piece out ( ?is end in* wide & #a in* deep2 bore a conical hole ?r\gh ?is end & fit 9 a peg4 ,next saw out ! o!r end #b in*es deep = a l5g? ( #c in*es back & glue & screw ?is end ( ! neck to ! n>r[ end ( ! box4 ,! %ape ( ! neck ) ! peg 9 x & ! way x is fix$ to ! s\nd+ box is cle>ly %[n 9 ! top view ,a & ! side view ,b 9 ,fig4 #aae4 ,cut out a bridge ( a piece ( h>d wood in* ?ick1 #a in* high & #a in*es long z %[n at ,c2 &1 f9ally1 make a tail-piece ( a bit ( h>d wood in* ?ick an in* wide at "o end1 #a in* wide at ! o!r end & #b in*es long4 ,drill a hole 9 ea* end & :ittle or plane ! l>ge end to a %>p edge4 ,9 ! middle ( ! l>ge end ( ! s\nd+ box bore a in* hole & glue 9 a h>d wood peg = a hit*-p94 ,fa/5 ! tail-piece to ! hit*-p9 ) a piece ( catgut /r+4 ,slip ! end ( an ,a viol9 /r+ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! %>p end ( ! tail-piece2 knot x to keep x f pull+ ?r\gh1 & br+ ! o!r end up & ?read x ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! peg 9 ! neck4 ,f9ally put ! bridge "u ! /r+ & tight5 x up4 ,tune x to ! treble1 or ,g clef1 if y "k en\gh ab\t music to d x1 or if n tune x s t x gives a pleas+ tone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4 ,,plans ,,= ,,an ,,egyptian ,,fiddle ,h[ to ,make ! ,b[4--,! be/ k9d ( wood to make a viol9 b[ ( is ,brazilian lance-wood or ( snake-wood1 b = ?is "o /r+$ fiddle ( y\rs y c use a piece ( bee*4 ,take a /rip ( wood an in* ?ick1 #a in* wide & #bd in*es long & saw x out z %[n at ,d2 !n r\nd up ! /ick & s&pap] x smoo?4 ,cut out two blocks to fit ! ends1 or frogs z !y are call$3 drill a hole 9 ea* "o & screw x to ! b[ b n v tight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae;,d4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,b[ ,,is ,,made ,n[ comes ! h>d "p & t is putt+ on ! hairs2 get #ej or #fj :ite horsehairs ab\t #b feet long2 ,i d n advise pull+ !m out ( ,dobb9's tail b r to buy a bun* ( !m f ,se>s1 ,roebuck1 & ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 = #aj or #bj c5ts4 ,hav+ got !m someh[ put "o end ( ea* "o "u "o ( ! blocks & :5 y h !m all ev5 & close toge!r screw ! block d[n tight2 ?is done fa/5 ! o!r ends ( ! hairs "u ! opposite block1 & :5 y h !m all drawn taut screw d[n ! block & put a little glue on ! places :]e !y g "u ! blocks4 ,if y w look at a horsehair ?r\gh a microscope y w see t x seems v l ! scroll saw blade ,i told y ab\t 9 ! second *apt]1 t is1 x has a lot ( f9e tee? on x & all ( !m run ! same way4 ,by rights !n half ( ! hairs ought to be put on ! b[ ) ! tee? runn+ 9 "o direction & ! o!r half ) ! tee? runn+ 9 ! o!r direction s t ! friction ( ! hairs is ! same on ! /r+ on ! up & ! d[n /rokes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae;,e4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,fiddle ,,is ,,play$ ,d n use mu* ros9 on ! b[ b ros9 x (t54 ,y c buy a piece ( regul> viol9 b[ ros9 = #e c5ts b ! k9d t gives ! be/ results is ! g5u9e ,b]n>del import$ f ,france & :i* co/s ab\t a qu>t]4 ,x bites h>d on ! /r+ & makes a l>ge volume ( s\nd4 ,! way ! fiddle is play$ is %[n at ,e4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,"s ,,ev5+ ,,ent]ta9m5ts ,!re is a feature ( home life t ! heads ( too _m families ov]look & t is gett+ toge!r & hav+ an ev5+ ( ent]ta9m5t :i* ! y\nge/ z well z ! olde/ memb] c enjoy4 ,?is is n at all a h>d ?+ to d b z x takes "t to get ! props toge!r to give x )--:i* nei!r y\r fa!r or "m c well sp>e ev5 if !y _h ! incl9ation--x is up to y z ! boy ( ! family to see t x is done4 ,x is a noble plan to give a div]tisem5t1 or soire#aaf 7pron\nc$ sware7 z ! old "t magicians us$ to call x1 once e mon? & y w f9d aft] y h giv5 ! fir/ "o t all ( y\r folks w look =w>d to ! com+ ( ! next "o ) int]e/ & ) pleasure4 #aaf ,?is is a ,fr5* ^w & x means an ev5+ social ga!r+4 ,moreov]1 y %\ld let !m "k :at ! next div]tisem5t is to be a c\ple ( weeks be=e x comes (f & !n let all h&s jo9 9 & talk ab\t x :5ev] ! _s moves !m4 ,naturally s9ce y "k all ab\t x & !y don't "k any?+ ab\t x1 que/ions w be 9 ord] & y are ! "o :o w h to answ] !m2 & don't try to make a secret ( any?+ y h done or are go+ to d unless x is magic or "s alli$ subject ( my/]y4 ,aft] ! div]tisem5t is ov] x w furni% food = conv]sation = a long "t to come4 ,n[ :ile ,i h us$ ! words ent]ta9m5t & div]tisem5t1 bo? ( :i* mean ab\t ! same ?+ & t is amusem5t1 & :ile y %\ld always /rive to make y\r talks z light & recreational z y c y d n ne$ to /ick to fro?y subjects altoge!r b in/ead y %\ld alt]nate !m ) sci5tific demon/rations4 ,9 ?is way y w n only please & develop good fell[%ip 9 ! family1 b y w in/ruct ! memb]s ( x at ! same "t4 ,f9ally1 don't make y\r div]tisem5ts too long4 ,bett] by all means make ea* "o only #ae or #bj m9utes long & h ev]ybody 9 high good humor & say+ t x 0 all too %ort1 ?an to give !m an h\r & h ev]ybody gappy & bor$ half-to-dea?4 ,c>toons ,:ile ,y ,wait4--,?is is a good feature to />t (f y\r season's div]tisem5ts )4 ,make a sub/antial easel on :i* to set a l>ge draw+ bo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aaf1 or y c fa/5 ! pap] to a wall ) ?umb tacks if y live 9 a home & n 9 a resid5ce4 ,get a doz5 %eets ( good :ite pr9t pap]--y c buy a quire 7#bd %eets7 #bd #cf in*es = #be c5ts--& tack a doz5 %eets to y\r draw+ bo>d or ! wall4 ,also buy a /ick ( black m>k+ crayon1#aag :i* is bett] ?an *alk or *>coal = x makes a heavy black l9e t w n smut1 blur or rub (f4 #aag ,y c buy a m>k+ crayon at a h>dw>e or /ation]y /ore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4 ,,h[ ,,an ,,easel ,,is ,,made ,draw+ ! ,c>toons4--,/>t 9 ) y\r crayon 9 h& & expla9 t :at y propose to d is to %[ ! pr9ciples ^u :i* free-h& draw+ is bas$4 ,!n make a simple l9e draw+ ( ! box] rea*+ = ! maxill>y ( 8 invisible oppon5t z %[n 9 ,fig4 #db1 ov] 9 ! *apt] call$ ,draw+ ,simply ,expla9$1 & !n draw ! horse gallop+ home on ! ?ree-qu>t] /ret*4 ,next draw ar\nd ^! simple l9e figures1 :i* are really ! skeletons ( ! man & bea/1 ! outl9es z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,if y are n exp]t 9 free h& draw+ y c trace ^! figures on ! pap] 9 fa9t l9es ) a lead-p5cil be=e y beg9 y\r p]=mance1 & !n all y h to d is to m>k ov] ! l9es ) ! crayon4 ,aft] y h made ^! draw+s & expla9$ all ab\t !m te> (f ! %eet & on ! clean "o draw ! outl9e ( a man z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dd & m>k on ! proportions ( ! human body4 ,h y\r next %eet rul$ (f into squ>es ) ! l9es #b in*es ap>t2 draw 9 ! face & at ! same "t expla9 t ?is makes x easy = any "o to get ! features 9 proportion4 ,n[ comes ! gr& f9ale#aah 7pron\nc$ fi-na-le7 & t is y\r c>toons4#aai ,y %\ld practice draw+ ^! & also h "s patt]#abj ab\t ea* "o s t :5 y d !m = ! family audi5ce y\r tongue w be z clev] z y\r f+]s4 ,y c beg9 by expla9+ h[ ! expressions ( "o's face--t is ! way ! features look :5 ! m9d is at re/ or is excit$--c all be repres5t$ by a few v simple l9es4 #aah ,! la/ "p ( an exhibition & x is g5]ally ! climax ( x4 #aai ,a c>toon is usually a c>icature ( a p]son or ?+ done 9 sket*y /yle4 ,! ^w comes f ! ,fr5* c>ton1 :i* means pa/ebo>d4 #abj ,witty or amus+ talk to help along ! act4 ,draw eight circles #e or #f in*es 9 diamet] 9 a d\ble r[ on ! pap] ) y\r m>k+ crayon z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aag4 ,n[ y say fir/ t sleep c be repres5t$ by f\r /raight horizontal l9es & y draw !m z %[n 9 ! fir/ circle4 ,next draw f\r v]tical l9es 9 ! second circle & be=e y c say awake y\r little audi5ce w see x & laugh its approval4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fa/ ,,asleep ,,wide ,,awake ,,"s ,,joy ,,m ,,sorr[ ,,q ,,mode/ ,,mu* ,,disda9 ,,some:at ,,surpris$ ,a ,,little ,,angry ,a ,,fig4 #aag;,a4 ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,c>toon+ ,joy is repres5t$ by f\r little arcs1 or curv$ l9es ) ! ends ( ea* po9t+ up1 :i* y draw 9 ! ?ird circle1 :ile sorr[ is1 ( c\rse1 %[n by f\r curv$ l9es ! ends ( :i* po9t d[n z 9 ! f\r? circle1 s9ce ! emotion ( sorr[ is ! opposite to t ( joy4 ,%[ h[ mode/y is depict$ by draw+ f\r little angles 9 ! fif? circle ) ! v]tex1 or po9t ( ea* "o at ! bottom1 :ile disda91 :i* is ! reciprocal ( mode/y1 c be illu/rat$ 9 ! six? circle by rev]s+ ! positions ( ! angles & hav+ _! v]tices at ! top4 ,to portray surprise all y h to d is to draw f\r little circles inside ! sev5? l>ge circle & y w h caught ! expression4 ,f9ally 9 ! eigh? circle draw two slant+ l9es = ! eyes1 a v]tical l9e = ! nose & an angle ) ! ends ( ! l9es po9t$ d[n & y w h a v good repres5tation ( ang]1 7or maybe x's a ,*9aman47 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,de ,,light ,,( ,,de ,,silv]y ,,moon ,,pat ,,& ,,8 ,,poipe ,,he ,,has ,,j ,,he>d ,a ,,joke ,b ,c ,d ,,fig4 #aag ,b1 ,c1 ,d4 ,,?ree ,,simple ,,c>toons ,,t ,,y ,,c ,,d 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ )\t my tell+ y h[ to draw ! c>toons %[n at ,b ,c & ,d 9 ,fig4 #aag1 draw ea* "o ( !m half a doz5 times on a %eet ( pap] ) y\r m>k+ crayon & :5 y get be=e y\r audi5ce y w be able to d !m l a lightn+ crayon arti/4 ,?irty ,m9utes ( ,*emi/ry4--,"h are "s v pretty & easily made exp]im5ts 9 *emi/ry & z y p]=m !m y c give ! explanation ,i h writt5 ab\t ea* "o :i* w s]ve z ! patt]4 ,! ,my/ic ,glass ( ,milk4--,! ,effect4--,y %[ a glass ( p]fectly clean wat] & bl[ ?r\gh x ) a glass tube1 clay pipe or a /raw :5 x becomes to all int5ts1 ?\gh n to all purposes1 milk ( ! c[ v>iety4 ,see ,fig4 #aah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be=e ,,bl[+ ,,?r\gh ,,/raw ,,aft] ,,bl[+ ,,?r\gh ,,/raw ,,fig4 #aah4 ,,! ,,oracle ,,( ,,amor1 ,,or ,,are ,,y ,,9 ,,love8 ,! ,cause4--,to p]=m ?is *emical trick get #ej grams ( good quicklime & p[d] x 9 a p9t milk bottle4 ,let x /& = #bd h\rs & %ake x e once 9 a :ile4 ,let x /& ano!r #bd h\rs & !n p\r (f ! cle> solution1 :i* is call$ lime wat]#aba & ?is is ! common "n ( my/ic milk4 #aba ,y c buy x 9 a drug /ore all ready to use4 ,! ,*emical ,action4--,9 ! fir/ place ! lime 9 ! wat] is calcium hydroxide & :5 y bl[ ?r\gh ! lime wat] ! c>bon dioxide 9 y\r brea? acts on ! calcium hydroxide & =ms a :ite insoluble p[d] commonly kn[n z lime/one4 ,s9ce ! calcium c>bonate does n dissolve 9 ! wat] x rema9s susp5d$ 9 ! solution & ?is gives x an opalesc5t hue t do? v]ily look l ! lactic fluid :i* is :ite b woe unto ! milkman :o sells x z su*4 ,= ! ,fun ( ! ,?+4--,by pret5d+ y c tell :i* boys & :i* girls are 9 love h& ar\nd sev]al glasses ( ord9>y wat] & z _m ( cle> lime wat]4 ,y mu/ see to x1 ( c\rse1 t ^? :om y want to make believe are 9 love are giv5 ! lime wat]2 !n h ev]ybody bl[ & x is a sure sign t ^? :o *ange ! wat] into milk are 9 love4 ,! ,magic ,f\nta94--,! ,effect4--,y %[ an empty bottle1 or ,flor5ce flask1 & !n pu% a cork ) two holes 9 x into ! m\? ( ! bottle4 ,next pu% a glass tube hav+ a nozzle on "o end ?r\gh "o ( ! holes 9 ! cork until ! nozzle ne>ly t\*es ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,?r\gh ! o!r hole 9 ! cork pu% a m$ic9e dropp]1 or f\nta9 p5 fill]4 ,! end ( ! long tube projects d[n into a b[l conta9+ wat] :i* y h color$ blue#abb ei!r ) indigo or ) copp] sulphate or y c make a beautiful violet by dissolv+ 9 x a little potassium p]manganate4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! app>atus is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aai4 #abb ,any k9d ( color$ wat] w d = ?is exp]im5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai;,a4 ,,! ,,my/ic ,,f\nta9 ,n[ :5 y squeeze ! bulb ( ! m$ic9e dropp] ! color$ wat] ru%es up ! tube & squirts out ( ! nozzle into a pretty f\nta9 until ! flask is ne>ly full4 ,! ,cause4--,in/ead ( ! bottle be+ empty z x looks to be1 y h previ\sly fill$ x ) hydrog5 *loride gas ( :i* #ejj volumes w dissolve 9 #a volume ( wat]4 ,! m$ic9e dropp] is fill$ ) wat] & :5 y squeez$ x a few drops ( wat] is =c$ into ! bottle & dissolves a l>ge "p ( ! gas t is 9 x4 ,?is leaves a vacuum :51 ( c\rse1 ! atmosph]ic pressure on ! color$ wat] 9 ! b[l =ces x up ?r\gh ! nozzle to fill ! vacuum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai;,b4 ,,mak+ ,,hydrog5 ,,*loride ,,gas ,?is wat] dissolves ! re/ ( ! gas 9 ! flask & m wat] is =c$ up until ! bottle is ne>ly full ( x1 all ( :i* produces a v my/]i\s & at ! same "t a mighty pretty effect4 ,h[ to ,make ,hydrog5 ,*loride ,gas4--,to make ?is gas take ano!r bottle & fit a two hole /opp] into x2 9 "o hole put a funnel & 9 ! o!r an ,l tube z %[n at ,b #aai4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! bottle put ( a cup ( common table salt2 put a /raight tube d[n into ! ,flor5ce flask y want to fill & connect ?is tube & ! ,l tube ) a piece ( rubb] tube z is also %[n at ,b4 ,! app>atus set up1 p\r sulphuric acid d[n ! funnel1 a v little at a "t until ! salt is all gone & !n fit ! cork ) ! long nozzle tube & ! m$ic9e dropp] 9 x1 into ! m\? ( ! bottle fill$ ) ! hydrog5 *loride gas4 ,! ,vici\s ,soap ,bubbles4--,! ,effect4--,%[ a di% ( soap-suds & !n bl[ bubbles ) ! app>atus describ$ bel[4 ,:5 ! bubbles take on a size ( ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet] %ake !m (f & !y w rise sl[ly & gracefully 9 ! air4 ,be=e !y get out ( rea* t\* !m ) a long light$ tap] & !y w explode vici\sly ) a %>p report l t made by a revolv]4 ,! ,cause4--,! bubbles are fill$ ) a mixture ( hydrog5 gas & oxyg5 gas & :5 ^! two gases are simply mix$ !y =m a v explosive comp\nd :i* is call$ detonat+ gas4 ,:5 ! flame is br\ght close en\gh to ! bubble x fires ! gases 9 x1 & !y explode & comb9e *emically to =m wat]4 ,! app>atus necess>y to d ?is exp]im5t ) is %[n 9 ,fig4 #abj4 ,x consi/s ( 7#a7 a hydrog5 gas g5]ator & 7#b7 an oxyg5 gas g5]ator4 ,! hydrog5 bottle or flask is fitt$ ) a two hole /opp] ?r\gh :i* runs a glass funnel & an ,l tube j z describ$ 9 ! f\nta9 exp]im5t & %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #aai4 ,connect$ to ! ,l tube is a l5g? ( rubb] tub+ into ! o!r end ( :i* ano!r ,l tube is fitt$4 ,! oxyg5 bottle or flask is fitt$ ) a s+le hole /opp] :i* has an ,l tube runn+ ?r\gh x z %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #aai4 ,connect$ to ! ,l tube is fix$ ano!r l5g? ( rubb] tub+ & 9 ! free end ( ?is is fix$ ano!r & %ort] ,l tube4 ,n[ place ! two %ort ,l tubes side by side & cem5t !m toge!r ) seal+ wax4 ,a long l5g? ( rubb] tube is =c$ on ov] ! ends ( ! d\ble tube &1 f9ally1 a clay pipe is fitt$ into ! free end ( ! rubb] tube1 all ( :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #abj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abj4 ,,! ,,vici\s ,,soap ,,bubbles ,set ! bottles or flasks z f> ap>t z possible & 9 ! hydrog5 bottle put a h&ful ( granulat$ z9c4 ,dilute hydro*loric acid#abc is p\r$ d[n ! funnel on ! z9c :5 hydrog5 w be set free1 or g5]at$ z x is call$4 #abc ,if y want to buy dilute hydro*loric acid ask = normal hydro*loric acid4 ,put a small h&ful ( a mixture ( #b p>ts ( potassium *lorate & #a "p ( manganese dioxide1 f9ely p[d]$1 9 ! oxyg5 bottle & !n set a ,buns5 burn] "u x :5 x w give (f oxyg54 ,:5 ! two gases leave ! %ort ,l tubes !y mix 9 ! long rubb] tube & by ! "t !y rea* ! clay pipe y w h detonat+ gas all "r4 ,caution4--,d n br+ a flame any:]e ne> ! app>atus & z a fur!r precaution wrap a ?ick t[el ar\nd ! hydrog5 flask4 ,! bubbles t are bl[n rise 9 ! air because bo? ! hydrog5 & ! oxyg5 are light] ?an ! air4 ,! ,uncanny ,:eel4--,! ,effect4--,a pit*] is %[n full ( empt9ess & !n a c>dbo>d :eel1 #d in*es 9 diamet]1 ) buckets1 or cones #a in* high & in* across glu$ to ! rim & :i* is m\nt$ on a wire s t x c be revolv$1 is pass$ = exam9ation4 ,plac+ ! :eel on ! table y hold ! empty pit*] above x & p\r out no?+ on x :5 ! :eel w turn r\nd j z ?\gh y 7 p\r+ wat] on x4 ,x is inde$ uncanny4 ,! idea is %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aba4 ,! ,cause4--,b x is all canny en\gh :5 y "k h[ x is done4 ,:ile ! pit*] is app>5tly empty y h1 =soo?1 previ\sly fill$ x ) a gas call$ c>bon dioxide4 ,?is gas is #a times z heavy z air4 ,! c>dbo>d :eel does n move 9 ! air because ! latt] pu%es on all p>ts ( x equally4 ,:51 h[ev]1 y p\r ! c>bon dioxide gas on x f ! pit*]1 s9ce x 7! gas7 is heavi] ?an ! air x fills ! little buckets & makes !m heavi] j z surely z if y p\r$ wat] on !m2 & h5ce ! :eel revolves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba4 ,,! ,,uncanny ,,:eel ,h[ to ,make ,c>bon ,dioxide ,gas4--,take a p]fectly dry bottle or flask ( ! k9d %[n 9 ! f\nta9 exp]im5t2 fit x ) a s+le hole /opp] & pu% a glass tube ?r\gh x until x ne>ly t\*es ! bottom z pictur$ at ,b4 ,set ! bottle at a slant & put a mixture 9 x ( equal am\nts ( p[d]$ copp] oxide 7t is cupric oxide7 & wood *>coal4 ,heat ?is mixture ov] a ,buns5 burn] until x gl[s & = a few m9utes long]2 ! bottle w !n be full ( ! c>bon dioxide gas4 ,p\r x into a glass pit*] & put a %eet ( glass ov] x to keep ! air away f x until y are ready to p]=m ! uncanny exp]im5t4 ,giv+ a ,travelogue4--,a travelogue is simply a talk on travel1 or on a c\ntry1 illu/rat$ ) pictures ( "s k9d4 ,to be able to give a travel talk does n mean necess>ily t y mu/ h travel$ or be5 9 ! c\ntry y are go+ to tell ab\t b if y h done nei!r1 x does mean t y mu/ read up on x4 ,to d ?is get sev]al good books on :atev] c\ntry y int5d to talk on1 read !m c>efully1 & !n outl9e a r\te j z ?\gh y _h gone ov] x y\rself1 b ?is mu/ ( c\rse con=m to ! pictures y c get4 ,n[ !re are f\r me?ods y c foll[ to %[ a s]ies ( pictures & y c make y\r *oice accord+ to ! am\nt ( money y want to inve/ 9 x4 7#a7 ,! fir/ & lea/ exp5sive way is to cut a doz5 or tw5ty pictures out ( magaz9es1 arrange !m accord+ to y\r r\te & build up y\r talk ar\nd !m4 ,z y describe ea* place pass ! pictures1 :i* %\ld be m\nt$ on c>dbo>d1 9 turn to ea* p]son pres5t4 7#b7 ,a bett] way is to get a set ( /]eographs ( ! trip or ! c\ntry y are to talk on & a /]eoscope#abd & pass ! picture %[+ ! view & ! in/rum5t to ea* p]son pres5t4 #abd ,a /]eoscope & ! /]eograms c be b\ght f ,und]wood & ,und]wood1 #dag ,fif? ,ave41 ,new ,york1 or ,se>s1 ,roebuck & ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,ea* /]eograph1 z ! picture is call$1 is =m$ ( two pictures ( ! same sc5e made f slightly diff]5t viewpo9ts & :5 ! obs]v] looks ?r\gh ! l5ses at !m !y bl5d into "o image :5 ! sc5e /&s out wond]fully cle> & app>5tly 9 ?ree dim5sions4 ,! only drawback ( ! /]eoscope z an aid to a travel talk is t only "o p]son c look at a picture at a "t4 7#c7 ,a f> bett] plan ?an ei!r ( ! above s*emes is to make a reflectoscope#abe z describ$ 9 ! *apt] call$ ,"s ,k9ks 9 ,photography4 ,y c %[ any k9d ( a picture 9 a reflectoscope if x is n l>g] ?an #ce in*es b picture po/c>ds are especially good to use = a travelogue or a talk ( any k9d & !y %[ up nicely :5 ?r[n on a scre5 ) a reflectoscope4 #abe ,y c buy "o ( ! ,baus* & ,lomb ,optical ,company1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 & y c get po/-c>d views = x ( ! ,po/-,c>d ,/ore1 #idf ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 7#d7 ,f9ally ei!r make1 or bett]1 if y c af=d x1 buy1 a magic lant]n#abf t w take ! regul> full size lant]n slides1 namely1 #c #d in*es squ>e4 ,sets ( lant]n slides#abg = travelogues or talks on any subject c be r5t$ *eaply & 9 ^! days ( *eap electricity y c ?r[ a picture on ! scre5 s big & bright & real t y\r (f]+ is b\nd to be a success4 #abf ,= magic lant]ns & slides address ! ,*>les ,besel] ,co41 #aca ,ea/ #bcrd ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 #abg ,sets ( lant]n slides c be r5t$ ( ! ,*>les ,besel] ,co41 #aca ,ea/ #bcrd ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,an ,electrical ,soire4--,exp]im5ts 9 electricity are always int]e/+ to all h[ev] "y or old1 = ( all ! p[]s t h be5 h>ness$ by man x is ! lea/ tangible & yet ! effects produc$ by x are ! mo/ spectacul>4 ,n[ !re are "s v extraord9>y effects t y c %[ ) /atic electricity#abh :i* d n require app>atus ( any k9d z y w pres5tly see1 b if y w make or buy a in* induction coil#abi y c p]=m a s]ies ( classic exp]im5ts t w create a pr(\nd & la/+ impression on all :o see !m4 #abh ,_m exp]im5ts ) /atic electricity w be f\nd 9 ,! ,book ( ,electricity by ! pres5t au?or & publi%$ by ,d4 ,appleton & ,co4 #abi ,complete in/ructions = mak+ an induction coil w also be f\nd 9 ,! ,book ( ,electricity4 ,demon/rat+ ,electricity ,)\t ,app>atus4--,did y ev] rub a cat 9 a d>k room 9 ! w9t] & see ! sp>ks fly8 ,well ?is is "o way to make electricity )\t app>atus ?\gh y ne$ a cat#acj to d x )4 #acj ,a cat is n app>atus b only a kitt5 gr[$ up4 ,! ,electrifi$ ,pap]s4--,b y c make a lot ( electricity by simply rubb+ a newspap] if y "k h[ to rub x & x is p]fectly dry4#aca #aca ,w9t] is ! be/ "t to d exp]im5ts 9 /atic electricity4 ,illu/ration3 ,a--,,electrify+ ,a ,,/rip ,,( ,,newspap] ,b--,,electric ,,attraction ,,fig4 #abb4 ,,! ,,electrifi$ ,,pap] ,te> (f a /rip ( newspap]1 lay x flat on a table & rub x ) y\r f+] nails z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #abb4 ,:5 y try to take ! pap] f ! table y w f9d t x /icks to x q t5aci\sly4 ,?is is because y h positively electrifi$ ! pap] :5 y rubb$ x & ! surface ( ! table "u x is negatively electrifi$ by induction4#acb ,n[ s9ce positive & negative electricity attract ea* o!r1 ! pap] & ! table are pull$ toge!r4 #acb ,! !ory ( induction is simply expla9$ 9 ,! ,book ( ,electricity by ! pres5t au?or4 ,h[ to ,electrify a ,p]son4#acc--,?is is an exp]im5t t w make y\r ga!r+ giggle j z s*ool girls giggle :5 !y h _! t9types tak5--t is )\t any real reason except t ! idea /rikes _! m5tal funny bones4 #acc ,s9ce ! pap] is positively electrifi$ ! p]son mu/ be negatively electrifi$4 ,to p]=m ?is exp]im5t electrify a /rip ( newspap] z above & !n hold x close to "s "o's face2 in/antly !re w be a mutual attraction betwe5 !m & ! pap] w be drawn to & /ick to 8 or h] *eek4 ,put an electrifi$ pap] on ! *eek ( ea* p]son pres5t z %[n at ,b & tell !m !y belong to ! same club4 ,?is w get a laugh b x w n less5 _! int]e/ 9 ! exp]im5t 9 ! lea/4 ,h[ ,l ,repels ,l4--,electrify two /rips ( newspap] ?is "t & hold !m toge!r by ! ends4 ,in/antly ! free ends ( ! pap]s w fly ap>t = l signs ( electricity repel ea* o!r4 ,t is1 s9ce bo? /rips ( pap] are positively electrifi$ & h5ce are ( l signs1 !y repel ea* o!r4 ,if !y 7 negatively electrifi$ !y w\ld repel ea* o!r j ! same4 ,9 ei!r case x %[s t !re is a =ce act+ across ! space betwe5 ! two /rips ( pap]4 ,mak+ ,exp]im5ts ,) ,app>atus4--,) a dry batt]y ( two or ?ree cells1 an electric bell1 a common /eel magnet & an electromagnet1 all ( :i* y c easily make or buy#acd = a doll> or s1 y c provide ent]ta9m5t en\gh = an h\r's demon/ration1 & food = ?\ght to la/ a ye>4 #acd ,! ,l4 ,e4 ,knott ,app>atus ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 & ,! ,manhattan ,electric ,co41 ,p>k ,r[1 ,new ,york1 sell all ^! ?+s4 ,! ,induction1 or ,sp>k ,coil4--,an induction coil is an app>atus = *ang+ a direct l[ pressure1 b l>ge quantity curr5t f a batt]y into an alt]nat+ high pressure b small quantity curr5t1 :i* is call$ high t5sion1 or high pot5tial1 electricity4 ,) an induction coil y c make any numb] ( wond]ful exp]im5ts su* z m9iature /reaks ( lightn+1 light+ up ,geissl] tubes1 :i* produce brilliant & beautiful colors %[+ ! electric dis*>ge 9 gases1 etc41 etc4 ,by fix+ ^! tubes to a small electric motor#ace s t !y c be revolv$ :ile ! high t5sion curr5t is pass+ ?r\gh !m1 ! effects are fur!r height5$4 #ace ,a small electric motor c be b\ght = #a4jj ( any deal] 9 electrical supplies or ( ! ,manhattan ,electrical ,supply ,co41 ,p>k ,r[1 ,new ,york4 ,demon/rat+ ,wireless ,telegraphy4--,all y h to d to make y\r induction coil into a wireless transmitt]1 t is1 ! s5d+ app>atus1 is to put a c\ple ( brass balls on ! po9ts ( ! sp>k-gap1 fa/5 a wire to "o ( !m & ! o!r end to a nail 9 ! wall ne> ! ceil+ & !n connect ! o!r "o ) a wire :i* ends 9 a small %eet ( brass or copp] t re/s on ! floor z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #abc4 ,to make a receiv] t w tap out ! signals y s5d on y\r transmitt]1 y w ne$ 7a7 a coh]]1 7b7 a relay1 7c7 an electric bell & 7d7 a dry cell4 ,y c make ! coh]] b ! o!r ?ree pieces ( ! app>atus y _h bett] buy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc4 ,a ,,simple ,,wireless ,,demon/ration ,,set ,= ! coh]] cut (f a piece ( brass rod in* 9 diamet] & #a in*es long1 file ! ends (f ev5 & slip !m ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! b9d+ po/4 ,put a p9* ( nickel & silv] fil+s into a piece ( glass tub+ ab\t an in* long & pu% ! ends ( ! rod into ! tube ) ! fil+s betwe5 !m4 ,screw ! rods into a c\ple ( b9d+ po/s set #b in*es ap>t on a block z %[n at ,b & y\r coh]] is done4 ,connect up ! coh]]1 relay1 tapp] & dry cell on a bo>d z %[n 9 ! wir+ diagram at ,c2 fa/5 a wire to "o ( ! rods ( ! coh]] & to a nail ne> ! ceil+2 fix a wire to ! o!r coh]] rod & to a small %eet ( brass or copp] :i* re/s on ! floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc;,b4 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,coh]] ,,%[+ ,,its ,,con/ruction ,n[ :5 y press ! key or button ( ! s5d]1 :i* is on "o side ( ! room1 ! bell ( ! receiv]1 :i* is on ! opposite side ( ! room1 w r+ out a signal4 ,! fact t !re are no wires connect+ ! s5d] ) ! receiv] w create mu* wond]4 ,! !ory ( wireless telegraphy is r deep b y w f9d x simply expla9$ 9 my ,book ( ,wireless publi%$ by ,d4 ,appleton & ,co41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,read+ ,palms = ,fun4--,_m ye>s ago :5 ,p4 ,t4 ,b>num 0 exhibit+ a sacr$ :ite elephant1 :i* 0 no?+ m nor less ?an a small ,indian elephant cov]$ ) :itewa%1 & ! good folks 7 break+ _! necks to pay _! h>d-e>n$ co9 to see x1 ! great %[man rem>k$ t 8! ,am]ican p love to be humbugg$40 ,& !y d4 ,n[ palmi/ry is a k9d ( mild humbugg]y on a small scale & = an ev5+ ( fun & bunkum-squ9t y c't f9d any?+ to beat x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd;,a4 ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,nam$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,sci5ce ,fir/ ( all !re are ?ree words t are con/antly us$ 9 ! art :i* y mu/ "k h[ to pron\nce correctly or y w surely %[ y\r ignorance4 ,! fir/ is palm1 pron\nc$ pom2 ! second is palmi/1 pron\nc$ pol-mi/1 & ! ?ird is palmi/ry1 :i* is pron\nc$ pol-mis-try2 n[ be sure to say !m "r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd;,b4 ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,nam$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,palmi/ry ,:ile ne>ly e "o believes 9 palmi/ry !re is no?+ 9 x 9-s-f> z x is possible to read a p]son's "* or to div9e "o's future by means ( x2 b !re are "s ?+s y c tell f ! h& y are read+ & ^! are if its own] is or is n 9 good heal? & :e!r ! bra9 t goes ) x is me*anically incl9$ or is ( an arti/ic temp]am5t4 ,fur!r y c ga!r--n f ! h& b f ! face1 /ature1 c>riage1 & mann]isms ( ! boy or girl or ! man or woman ^: h& y are suppos$ to be read+--a good deal ab\t 8 or h] temp] & temp]am5t & also ab\t h] or 8 foibles & peculi>ities4 ,9 fact ! palmi/ry ( ! palmi/s is simply a /udy 9 d$uction1 v mu* a la ,%]lock ,holmes1 ( ! p]son z a :ole1 & x is by no means limit$ to an inve/igation ( ! h& alone4 ,h[ to ,read ,palms4--,!re are two ?+s :i* y %\ld le>n be=e y beg9 to read palms & ^! are 7#a7 ! names ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! h&1 & 7#b7 ! l9es & m\nts ( ! h&4 ,! names giv5 & ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! human h& are %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #abd2 ^! are ! sci5tific names & y w add v greatly to y\r /ock ( k to get !m d[n by he>t4 ,! names1 ( ! l9es & ! m\nts ( ! h& are giv5 & %[n at ,b & ^! are ! t]ms t are us$ by palmi/s4 ,y w obs]ve t ! em95ces are call$ m\nts & ^! are nam$ aft] ! planets ( ! sol> sy/em1 = ! anci5ts suppos$ t !y 7 int]-relat$4 ,to get by z a palmi/ x goes )\t say+ t y mu/ h ^! all d[n pat4 ,to f9d out :at k9d ( heal? ! subject is 91 grip ! hypo!n> em95ce1 :i* is ! side ( ! h& opposite ! pollux1 or ?umb1 betwe5 y\r ?umb & f+]s & squeeze x a little2 if x is p]fectly firm & ! palm has a good heal?y color y are q sure t its own] is 9 good heal?1 b if ! fle% is s(t & is n ela/ic & if ! palm is pale & bloodless y w be q "r 9 say+ t ! subject's heal? is n good1 nay worse1 x is ev5 bad1 & y w n (f5d y\r subject by s say+4 ,! l5g? ( ! life l9e is suppos$ to det]m9e h[ long ! subject :o owns x w live b ev5 if y f9d "o brok5 (f %ort nev] tell ! p]son t he or %e w live only a %ort "t4 ,inde$ to be a successful palmi/ tell e "o ^: h& y read t %e or he w live to be any:]e f #hj to #ajh1 & y'll be on ! safe side4 ,! l9e ( ! he>t1 accord+ to palmi/ry1 indicates ! affections & passions ( a p]son4 ,always tell a fell[ t he is a great lov] & t he is con/ant1 b y c say to a girl t %e is caprici\s1 :i* means ab\t ! same ?+ z be+ fickle1 & bo? ! man & ! maid w be highly pleas$4 ,! l9e ( ,saturn is ! l9e ( disposition & y mu/ always make ! subject j z sweet & angelic z possible unless y want h] to break up ! sance#acf !n & !re & hold a wake to prove y're "r4 #acf ,a sitt+ giv5 by a m$ium or a palmi/ is call$ a sance 7pron\nc$ sayance74 ,apollo1 z ! l9e ( =tune is call$1 is a good "o to talk at l5g? on2 y c tell e subject t he or %e has _h bad luck1 b t =tune w foll[2 t he or %e w m>ry a pretty girl1 or a h&some man z ! case may be1 live 9 ,new ,york if already liv+ 9 ! c\ntry & ! o!r way ab\t--= ev]ybody wants to live any:]e except ! place he is 9--& don't =get to say 8y'll live happily ev] aft]40 ,s9ce folks w fooli%ly believe 9 palmi/ry don't try to conv9ce !m to ! contr>y1 b :ile !re is no?+ 9 x1 :5 y play palmi/ tell !m only ! nice1 pleasant ?+s & y w !n be do+ !m a real s]vice4 ,j two m po9t]s on ! ignoble art ( palmi/ry & ^! are 7#a7 read ! palms ( ea* "o pres5t "r out l\d be=e ! :ole ga!r+1 & 7#b7 be mighty c>eful t ! s+le girls & m>ri$ ladies d n swit* r+s & s lead y into ! trap ( ?9k+ t ! =m] are enjoy+ a /ate ( connubial felicity 7:atev] /ate#acg t may be7 & t ! latt] are liv+ 9 a t]ritory#ach ( s+le bless$ness4 #acg ,probably ,utah4 #ach ,mo/ likely ,arizona4 ,a ,talk on ! ,/eam ,eng9e4--,= y\r f9al ev5+ ent]ta9m5t give a ?umb-nail lecture on /eam & ! /eam-eng9e4 ,y w f9d e "o is int]e/$ 9 /eam because x is "o ( ! great prime mov]s b !re are v few p inde$ :o h any idea ( h[ a /eam eng9e works4 ,if y w d exactly z ,i tell y1 y c talk on & demon/rate ! pr9ciples ( a /eam eng9e s t1 :atev] ! age ( y\r li/5]s1 !y w "k1 :5 y are ?r\gh1 exactly h[ & :y a /eam eng9e runs & develops p[]4 ,mak+ ! ,model ,eng9e4--,! eng9e ,i %all tell y h[ to build is n a model t runs by /eam1#aci b "o made almo/ entirely ( wood & ! purpose ( x is n actually to produce p[] b to %[ exactly h[ x works4 #aci ,h[ to build model /eam eng9es & all o!r k9ds is expla9$ 9 my new book ,eng9e ,build+ = ,boys1 publi%$ by ,small1 ,mayn>d & ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,to ! end t ?is may be done ! cyl9d] & /eam *e/ are split-d[n ! middle l5g?wise s t ! inside ( !m c be cle>ly se5 & ! movem5ts & functions ( ! pi/on & ! slide valve 9 ^! p>ts w be cle>4 ,make ! cyl9d] fir/ & ! easie/ way to d x is to saw out two disks ( wood = ! cyl9d] heads ( in* ?ick /uff1 #d in*es 9 diamet] & bore a in* hole ?r\gh ! c5t] ( "o ( !m = ! pi/on to slide ?r\gh1 z %[n at ,a1 ,c & ,f 9 ,fig4 #abe4 ,turn1 or :ittle out a piece ( wood = ! /uff+ box1#adj #a in* 9 diamet] & in* long1 & bore a in* hole ?r\gh ! c5t] ( x & glue x to ! c5t] ( ! cyl9d] head s t ! holes are exactly 9 a l9e z %[n at ,a & ,f4 #adj ,a /uff+ box on a real /eam eng9e is to keep ! /eam 9 ! cyl9d] & /eam *e/ f leak+ pa/ ! pi/on rod & ! slide valve rod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe;,a4 ,,work+ ,,draw+s ,,= ,,! ,,demon/ration ,,/eam ,,eng9e4 ,,cross ,,section ,,side ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e ,next saw out two r+s ( in* ?ick wood1 make ! outside #d in*es 9 diamet] & ! inside #c in*es 9 diamet]1 see ,c1 & glue "o ( ! r+s to ea* end ( ! cyl9d] heads4 ,n[ cut out ( a %eet ( ?9 c>dbo>d1 or bett] ( t91 a piece #e in*es wide & #f in*es long2 cut two holes an in* 9 diamet] & h ! c5t] ( ea* hole an in* f "o ( ! long edges & in* f ea* ( ! %ort edges z %[n at ,d4 ,! next ?+ on ! li/ is ! pi/on & ! pi/on rod4 ,= ! pi/on1 saw out a disk ( wood #c in*es 9 diamet] & bore a in* hole ?r\gh x 9 ! c5t]4 ,! pi/on rod is simply a piece ( wood an in* 9 diamet] & #ab in*es long2 cut a slot 9 "o end in* wide & an in* deep & bore a in* hole ?r\gh x z %[n at ,c4 ,put ! pi/on inside ( ! cyl9d]1 slip ! pi/on rod ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! cyl9d] head1 sme> "s glue on ! end ( x & fit x into ! hole 9 ! pi/on4 ,! /eam *e/ is next 9 ord]2 = x use in* ?ick wood & saw out f\r pieces #b in*es squ>e2 two ( ^! pieces are = ! heads ( ! /eam *e/1 z %[n at ,a & ,b1 & 9 ! c5t] ( "o ( !m drill a in* hole = ! slide valve rod to g ?r\gh4 ,turn1 or :ittle out1 a piece ( wood = ! /uff+ box an in* 9 diamet] & in* long1 bore a in* hole ?r\gh ! c5t] ( x & glue x to ! c5t] ( ! /eam *e/ head t has ! hole 9 x z %[n at ,a1 ,c & ,f4 ,saw two holes #a in*es squ>e out ( ! o!r two #b in* squ>e blocks & glue ^! to ! /eam *e/ heads4 ,n[ make a tr\gh ( in* ?ick wood1 or ( c>dbo>d or t91 #a in*es squ>e1 outside measurem5t1 & #b in*es long2 ?is is = ! sides ( ! /eam *e/2 z %[n at ,a & ,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe;,b4 ,,end ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e4 ,d4 ,,! ,,crank ,,%aft4 ,e4 ,,! ,,rock] ,,arm ,bore a in* hole 9 ! c5t] ( ! top ( ! tr\gh2 ?is hole is = ! intake port1 t is ! op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! /eam fl[s f ! boil] into ! /eam *e/4 ,bore ?ree in* holes 9 a l9e 9 ! middle ( ! bottom ( ! tr\gh z is also %[n at ,a & ,f4 ,! two holes ne>e/ ! ends are ! ports to let ! /eam into & out ( ! opposite ends ( ! cyl9d]1 & ! c5tral hole1 or port1 is ! exhau/ port ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe;,c4 ,,top ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e ,next make ! slide-valve2 use in* ?ick wood & make x in* high1 #a in* wide1 & #a in* long on top & #b in*es long on ! bottom2 ! bottom1 z y w obs]ve at ,a & ,e1 is cut out s t x w cov] "o ( ! cyl9d] ports & ! exhau/ port at ! same "t & y ne$ put only "o side on x4 ,! slide valve rod is a piece ( wood in* 9 diamet] & #aa in*es long4 ,:ittle or plane "o end flat & drill a in* hole ?r\gh x4 ,?is done1 set ! slide valve 9 ! /eam *e/2 slip ! slide valve rod ?r\gh ! head & glue x to ! slide valve4 ,n[ make f\r tubes or pipes ( c>dbo>d or t9 an in* 9 diamet]1 & h two ( !m #a in*es long & ! o!r two #c in*es long2 :5 y h =m$ all ( !m cut a /rip in* wide out ( ea* "o l5g?wise2 ! purpose ( :i* is to %[ t !y are holl[4 ,:5 y h ! tubes done glue1 or o!rwise fix1 "o ( ! %ort ones into ! intake port ( ! /eam *e/ & ! o!r %ort "o into ! middle1 or exhau/ port 9 ! bottom ( ! /eam *e/2 !n glue1 or fix ! two long tubes into ! end holes1 or ports1 ( ! /eam *e/ & ! holes 9 ! cyl9d]s4 ,saw out a guide block = ! pi/on rod to slide ?r\gh1 #b in*es wide1 #c in*es high1 #c in*es long on top & #e in*es long on ! bottom z %[n at ,a & ,c1 & bore a in* hole ?r\gh ! middle ( ! top ( x l5g?wise s t ! c5t] ( ! hole w be exactly #b in*es f ! base l9e4 ,likewise saw out a guide block = ! slide valve rod & make x #a in* wide1 #b in*es long & #c in*es high & drill a in* hole ?r\gh ! middle ( ! top ( x l5g?wise s t ! c5t] ( ! hole w be exactly #b in*es f ! back bo>d to :i* x is fix$4 ,next cut out a rock] arm ( a in* ?ick piece ( wood & h x in* wide at "o end1 in* wide at ! o!r end & #g in*es long2 drill a in* hole 9 ea* end & a #a hole #a in*es f ! l>ge end2 pivot ! small end to ! end ( ! slide valve rod ) a ma*9e screw hav+ a nut on ! end ( x4 ,cut out an ecc5tric rod in* ?ick1 in* wide & #h in*es long1 & drill a in* hole at ea* end s t _! c5t]s w be exactly #h in*es ap>t3 pivot "o end ( ?is rod to ! second hole 9 ! rock] arm ) a ma*9e screw z be=e4 ,saw out a pivot block #a in* squ>e & drill a in* hole ?r\gh ! c5t] ( x & pivot ! l[] end ( ! rock] arm to x ) a screw4 ,make a connect+ rod1 to c\ple ! pi/on rod to ! crank%aft )1 in* ?ick1 an in* wide at "o end1 in* wide at ! o!r end & #i in*es long2 :ittle or plane d[n ! small end s t x w fit easily into ! slot 9 ! end ( ! pi/on rod & drill a in* hole 9 ea* end s t _! c5t]s are precisely #h in*es ap>t4 ,! crank%aft c be made ( a piece ( in* ?ick wire #ac in*es long :i* mu/ be b5t to ! exact %ape %[n at ,d2 be=e x is ?us b5t1 h[ev]1 slip ! wire ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! end ( ! ecc5tric rod & !n b5d ! crank on x4 ,saw out a fly:eel ( in* ?ick wood1 #h in*es 9 diamet]1 drill a in* hole ?r\gh its c5t] & =ce x on ov] ! wire =m+ ! crank%aft2 !n slip ! end ( ! connect+ rod on ! o!r end ( ! crank%aft wire & b5d x to =m a crank4 ,! front end ( ! crank%aft mu/ be support$ by a pill[ block j z x is 9 a real eng9e1 b ! re> end is held 9 place by a bo>d screw$ to ! back ( ! base4 ,?is block is an in* ?ick1 #a in* wide at ! top1 #b in*es wide at ! bottom & #c in*es high2 drill a in* hole 9 ! top ( x exactly #b in*es f ! base l9e & slip ?is ov] ! end ( ! crank%aft next to ! connect+ rod4 ,! la/ ?+ to be done is to make a base to m\nt ! p>ts ( ! eng9e on2 ?is is a sort ( a %elf & x is built up ( a bo>d in* ?ick1 #f in*es wide & #ca in*es long = ! base4 ,saw a slot 9 x in* wide & #i in*es long 9 "o corn]1 #b in*es f "o end & an in* f ! side2 ?is is = ! fly-:eel to set 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe;,f4 ,,! ,,/eam ,,eng9e ,,ready ,,to ,,demon/rate ,screw a back to x an in* ?ick1 #aj in*es wide & #c in*es long2 ?is mu/ be p]fectly rigid & if necess>y y c brace x ) angle blocks4 ,f9ally glue f\r legs #a in* squ>e & #b in*es long on ! corn]s ( ! base-bo>d4 ,to put ! eng9e toge!r1 or assemble x z x is call$1 screw ! cyl9d] to ! base-bo>d1 !n glue or screw ! pi/on rod guide block to ! base2 ! slide valve rod guide block to ! back bo>d1 & ! pivot block = ! rock] arm to ! base-bo>d4 ,drill a in* hole 9 ! back bo>d #b in*es up f ! base-bo>d exactly #af in*es f ! front cyl9d] head2 put "o end ( ! crank%aft 9 ! hole & slip ! o!r end ( x into ! pill[ block2 see t all is 9 a l9e & t ! fly:eel cle>s ! sides ( ! slot 9 ! base-bo>d4 ,!n x is all done & w look l ,f4 ,h[ ! ,eng9e ,works4--,n[ if y w turn ! fly:eel ar\nd ) y\r h&1 or bett]1 belt a small electric motor to x1 y w see exactly h[ ! slide valve op5s fir/ "o port 9 ! cyl9d] & !n ! o!r & t :5 ! port is op5 :i* gives a cle> pa? = ! /eam to fl[ f ! /eam *e/ to ! cyl9d]1 ! o!r port is connect$ to ! exhau/ pipe1 :5 ! us$ /eam passes into ! op5 air4 ,:5 y "k all ab\t x y are !n ready to give y\r la/ ev5+ div]tisem5t & = ! "t be+ to say ,good-by4 ,,! ,,end ,,index ,acid et*+ on glass1 #bbb ,aeolian h>p1 #bfg ,alcohol lamp1 #eb1 #fj1 #bji ,h[ to make an1 #eb ,alloys3 ,brass1 #fg ,pewt]1 #ff1 #fh1 #ic ,sold]s1 #ff1 #gb ,type metal1 #ff1 #fh ,useful1 #fg ,alum9um1 #fg ,arkansas c>v+ tool slip1 #df ,art ( work+ glass1 #bjb ,aug] bits1 c>p5t]'s #f1 #ac ,automobile truck1 to make an1 #bbh ,badges1 h[ to make1 #aib-aif ,b>num1 ,p4 ,t41 #bie ,bell[s = bl[ pipe1 #bag ,b5*1 h[ to make a c>p5t]'s1 #bj4 ,b5t iron "w1 ,v5etian4 ,see ,v5etian b5t iron "w ,bismu?1 #ie ,bl[ pipe = glass bl[+1 #bad ,blue pr9ts1 h[ to make1 #aca ,blu+ /eel1 #gd ,brass1 #gd ,bohemian glass1 #bjc ,bolts & rivets1 #gb ,bookb9d+1 #agi-aha 8,book ( ,electricity10 #bij 8,book ( ,wireless10 #bie ,brace & bits1 c>p5t]'s1 #f1 #i ,brass1 #fg ,h[ to blue1 #gd ,to color1 #gd ,to dull1 #gd ,to fro/1 #ge ,/5cils1 #aih-bjj ,bromide photo pap]1 #adb ,buns5 burn]1 #fj1 #bji ,burn+ br&1 h[ to make a1 #aif ,cab9et mak+1 #a-bc ,calip]s1 spr+1 #eg1 #fb ,cam]as1 #ace-adj ,cam\flage photographs1 #aed ,c&le %ade1 pi]c$ brass1 #ia ,c&le/ick1 h[ to make a rep\ss1 #hg ,c>bon dioxide gas1 h[ to make1 #bhg ,c>bon impressions1 #abc ,c>borundum oil /one1 #fc ,c>ds = pr9t+1 #age ,c>icature photographs1 #aee ,c>p5t]'s tools3 ,brace & aug] bits1 #f1 #i ,*isels1 #d1 #i ,gimlets1 #f1 #aa ,g\ges1 #d1 #i ,hamm]1 #b1 #h ,h[ to %>p51 #ab1 #ac ,h[ to use1 #h-ab ,liquid glue1 #g1 #aa ,mallet1 #b ,mit] box1 #d ,nail set1 #f1 #aj ,oil c1 #g ,planes1 #d1 #i ,rule1 #f1 #aj ,saws1 #b1 #h ,screw driv]s1 #f ,screws1 #f1 #aj1 #aa ,to et* y\r "n on1 #ad ,to remove ru/ f1 #ad ,try-squ>e1 #f ,wa%ita oil-/one1 #g ,c>p5t]'s "w b5*1 h[ to make a1 #bj ,tool *e/1 #bb ,c>p5try "w1 #a-bc ,woods =1 #ae-ag ,c>toons1 #bge-bgh ,c>v]'s wa%ita oil /one1 #df ,c>v+ tool slip1 #df ,c>v+ wood1 #bd1 #dd-ea ,ca/+ pewt]1 #ic1 #ig ,ca!dral *imes1 #bfh ,cellulose1 #agf ,cem5t = glass1 #bbd ,c5t] pun*1 ma*9i/'s1 #eg1 #fa ,*ase1 putt+ type 9 use1 #agj ,*emi/ry1 #bhj ,*e/1 h[ to make a tool1 #bb ,*imes1 ,ca!dral1 #bfe ,*ip c>v+1 #dg ,*isels1 #d1 #i ,circle1 h[ to draw a1 #aai ,clamps1 c>p5t]'s1 #f2 wood c>v]'s1 #df ,clean+ metals1 #hi ,coa/]1 to make a1 #bca ,co9s1 musical1 #bec ,coh]]1 to make a1 #bid ,color$ glass1 #bjc ,color+ metals1 #gc1 #gd1 #ha2 wood1 #ed ,colors1 pr9t+ 91 #agd2 /5cil1 #bja ,companion wood turn+ la!1 #cg ,compasses = draw+1 #aab ,compos+ /&1 #afg2 /ick1 #afb-afi ,contact pr9t+1 photo1 #acb ,copp]1 #ff ,copygraph1 h[ to make & use1 #ahi-aia ,cricket scroll saw1 #cj ,cutt+ pli]s1 #eg1 #fj ,danc+ ,sambo1 to make a1 #bdc ,d>k room1 #acf ,dead black = iron1 a1 #ha ,decalcomania1 #abh ,decorative /5cils1 #aii-bja ,design1 h[ to burn 9 a1 #ec ,design on wood1 h[ to trace a1 #bi ,designs = scroll saw+1 #cj ,= ,v5etian b5t iron "w1 #if ,develop] = dry plates1 #acg = bromide pap]1 #adc ,diamond glass cutt]s1 #bjc ,die s9k+1 #aib1 #aic ,dies1 screw cutt+ taps &1 #eg1 #fb ,divid]s3 ,spr+1 #eg1 #fa ,= draw+1 #aab ,dis/on saws1 #b ,draw+3 ,free-h&1 #ajc ,life models1 #ajd ,/ill life1 #ajd1 #ajg ,human figure1 #aje-ajh ,p]spective1 #ajh ,h[ to f9d vani%+ po9t1 #aji-aaa ,h[ to %ade1 #aaa ,isometric p]spective ellipse1 #aah ,circle1 #aai ,spiral1 #abj ,pla9 ellipse1 #aba ,) a pantagraph1 #aba ,c>toons1 #bge ,draw+s3 ,= c>p5try "w1 #ai ,= metal "w1 #fh ,work+1 #aaa ,isometric p]spective1 #aaf ,trac+s (1 #abd ,draw+ bo>d1 #aac ,reflect+1 #abc ,draw+ pap]1 #aac ,draw+ tools1 #aab1 #aac ,drill atta*m5t = scroll saw1 #cc ,drill /ock1 #eg1 #fj ,twi/1 #bh ,drills1 ,morse twi/1 #eg1 #fa ,dry plates1 #acf1 #acg ,= lant]n slides1 #aea ,easel1 h[ to make an1 #bgf ,ebony /a9 = wood1 #ee ,egg boil]1 ,v5etian iron1 #gi ,egyptian rebec1 #bfi ,electrical ev5+1 an1 #bij ,electrical exp]im5ts1 #bib ,electricity3 ,demon/rat+ )\t app>atus1 #bij ,/atic1 #bia ,induction or sp>k coil1 #bib ,electrifi$ pap]s1 #bij ,electrify a p]son1 h[ to1 #bib ,ellipse1 h[ to draw an1 #aah1 #aba ,engrav]'s wax1 #aja ,engrav+ on metal1 #ii ,engrav+ tools1 #ii ,eng9e build+ = boys1 #cja ,enl>g+ app>atus1 photo1 #adj ,ent]ta9m5ts1 #bgd ,c>toons1 #bgf ,*emi/ry1 #bhj ,travelogue1 #bhg ,electricity1 #bij ,wireless telegraphy1 #bic ,palmi/ry1 #bie ,/eam eng9e1 #cjj ,et*+ glass1 #bai1 #bbb ,et*+ tool1 h[ to make an1 #eb ,et*+ y\r "n on tools1 #ad ,excelsior pr9t+ presses1 #aeh ,exp]im5ts 9 *emi/ry1 #bhj ,9 electricity1 #bij ,fahr5heit !rmomet] scale1 #fe ,fiddle1 an ,egyptian1 #bfi ,files3 = scroll sawy]s1 #bh ,= ma*9i/s1 #eg1 #fb ,figure c>v+1 #ea ,f+] & h& pr9ts1 #abe ,fix+ ba?1 h[ to make a1 #acd ,fl9t glass1 #bjc ,fluxes1 = sold]+1 #ga ,fret saw+1 ,see ,scroll saw+ ,fum$ oak1 #ee ,gimlets1 c>p5t]'s1 #f1 #aa ,glass3 ,art ( work+1 #bjb-bbf ,h[ made1 #bjb ,h[ to cut1 #bjc ,to drill holes 91 #bjf ,bl[ pipe =1 #bad1 #bae ,bell[s =1 #bag ,h[ to et*1 #bai1 #bbb ,to make gr\nd1 #bbb ,to cem5t1 #bbd ,to fro/1 #bbd ,sub/itutes =1 #bbe ,to silv]1 #bbf ,glass bulb1 h[ to bl[ a1 #bae ,glass cutt]s1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bjh ,glass disks1 h[ to cut1 #bjh ,glass edges1 to f9i% (f1 #bjf ,glass nozzle1 h[ to make1 #bab ,glass tub+1 h[ to cut1 #bjg ,to b5d1 #bji ,to r\nd ! ends (1 #baa ,to seal1 #baa ,to pi]ce1 #bac ,to jo91 #bac ,glasses1 musical1 #bec ,glue1 h[ to make & use1 #aa ,glue pot1 h[ to make a1 #aa ,gold1 pr9t+ 91 #age ,goodye> ,rubb] ,co41 #ahc ,goose1 to make a life-l1 #bda ,g\ges1 c>p5t]'s1 #d ,graflex cam]a1 #adj ,grav]s1 #ii ,gr\nd glass1 to make1 #bbb ,gut5burg1 ,johanne1 #aeg ,hack saw1 #eg1 #fj ,hamm]s1 c>p5t]'s1 #b1 #h ,scroll sawy]s1 #bi ,ma*9i/'s1 #eg1 #fj ,h&1 p>ts ( ! human1 #bih ,h& & f+] pr9ts1 #abe ,h& inlaid pr9t+ presses1 #aeg ,h& made pap]1 #agf ,h& saws1 c>p5t]'s1 #b ,h& screws1 c>p5t]'s1 #f1 #aj ,h& scroll saw table1 #bg ,h>dw>e = scroll sawy]s1 #cg ,h>p1 ! tubul>1 #beh ,hectograph1 ,see ,copygraph ,h]%el1 ,sir ,john1 #aec ,horse1 h[ to make a /ick1 #bcg ,hi]oglyphics1 #bjb ,hydrog5 *loride gas1 h[ to make1 #bhc ,impos+ /one1 #abj ,ink3 ,india1 #aac ,pr9t+1 #agc ,= rubb] /amp1 #ahi ,= copygraph1 #aia ,= /5cils1 #bjj ,ink roll]s1 #agc ,ink pads = rubb] /amps1 #ahh 8,inv5t+ = ,boys10 #aai ,iron3 ,wr\ght1 #fd ,/eel1 #fd ,h[ to color a dead black1 #ha ,iron "w1 ,v5etian b5t1 ,see ,v5etian b5t iron "w ,isometric p]spective draw+s1 #aaf ,ellipses1 #aah ,isometric rul$ pap]1 #aaf ,jewel]'s saw frame1 #eg ,saws1 #fj ,jig saw+1 ,see ,scroll saw+ ,job pr9t+1 #agb ,jo9+1 ,see ,c>p5try ,jo9ts1 edge & corn]1 wood1 #ag ,metal1 #gj ,ju/ify+1 #afi ,kodaks1 #aci ,lacqu]1 h[ to make & use1 #ge ,lant]n slides1 #aci1 #aej1 #aea ,la! = wood turn]s1 #cg ,lead1 #fe1 #ic ,lead glass1 #bjc ,lead p5cils = draw+1 #aac ,l5ses1 photo1 #adj ,lignum vitae mallets1 #df ,magic f\nta91 #bha ,magic lant]n1 h[ to make & op]ate1 #adh-aej ,magic photographs1 #aec ,magic ( sci5ce1 #bji ,mallet1 c>p5t]'s1 #b ,ma*9i/'s tools1 ,see ,metal work+ tools ,m>k]s = wood c>v]s1 #df ,m>k+ gauge1 c>p5t]'s1 #f1 #aj ,metal1 engrav+1 #ii ,metals3 ,_! uses1 #fd ,h[ to sold]1 #ga ,iron1 #fd ,t91 #fd ,lead1 #fe ,z9c1 #fe ,copp]1 #ff ,type-metal1 #ff1 #fh ,brass1 #fg ,alum9um1 #fg ,pewt]1 #fh1 #id ,bismu?1 #ie ,metal "w3 ,tools =1 #eg-fc ,draw+ plans =1 #fh ,%eet1 #fi ,seams & jo9ts1 #gj ,bolts & rivets =1 #gb ,sold]s =1 #gb ,b5d+1 #gc ,color+1 #gc-hc ,clean+ & poli%+1 #hi ,pi]c$1 #ij ,mit] box1 #d ,molds3 ,= ca/+ pewt]1 #ig ,= pap] mak+1 #agg ,= rubb] /amps1 #ahe 8,money ,mak+ = ,boys10 #aeg ,moresco /5cil color1 #bja ,morse twi/ drills1 #eg1 #fa ,m\nt+ rubb] /amps1 #ahh ,musical in/rum5ts1 home-made3 ,co9s1 #bec1 #bed ,tomato cans1 #bed-bef ,glasses1 #bef1 #beg ,tubul> h>p1 #beh-bfj ,pu% pipe1 #bfj-bfb ,xylophone1 #bfc1 #bfd ,tubaphone1 #bfd1 #bfe ,ca!dral *imes1 #bfe-bfg ,aeolian h>p1 #bfg-bfi ,egyptian fiddle1 #bfi-bgc ,my/ic glass ( milk1 #bhj ,nail set1 c>p5t]'s1 #f1 #aj ,nails & screws1 h[ to drive1 #aa ,nitrog5 lamps1 #ada ,oil c1 c>p5t]'s1 #g ,oil /one1 c>p5t]'s1 #g ,ma*9i/'s1 #fc ,palmi/ry = fun1 #bie-big ,panel c>v+1 #ej ,pantagraph1 to make & use a1 #aba ,pap]3 ,blue pr9t1 #acb ,photographic1 #acc1 #adb ,= job pr9t+1 #age ,pap] mak+1 #agf-agi ,pap] /5cils1 #aih ,patt]1 #bgg ,patt]n mak+1 #ie ,p]spective1 see ,draw+ ,pewt]1 #ff ,h[ to make1 #id ,to "w1 #ie ,to ca/1 #ie ,sold] =1 #ie ,patt]ns =1 #ie ,to make a mold =1 #ig ,pewt] w>e1 f9i%+1 #ih ,photo frame1 a rep\ss1 #hh ,photography3 ,blue pr9ts1 #aca ,contact pr9t+1 #acb ,silv] pr9ts1 #acc ,pap]s1 #acc ,fix+ ba?1 #acc ,ton+ solution1 #acd ,d>k room1 #acf ,develop]1 #acg ,dry plates1 #acg ,cam]as1 #ach-adj ,l5ses1 #adj ,enl>gem5ts1 #adj-add ,radium1 #aea ,skiagraphs1 #aea ,trick1 #aec ,cam\flage1 #aed ,c>icature1 #aee ,pi]c$ metal "w1 #ij-ic ,planes1 c>p5t]'s1 #d1 #i1 #ab ,pla/] ( ,p>is1 #ahd ,plate hold]1 a ,v5etian iron1 #ha ,pli]s = scroll sawy]s1 #bh ,policeman's puzzle1 to make a1 #bbg ,poli%+ metal "w1 #hi ,g]man silv]1 #aie ,pony & c>t1 to make a1 #bci ,po/ c>d /ore1 #bhi ,press1 ,see ,pr9t+ press ,pr9t+3 ,k9ds ( presses1 #aeg ,outfit ne$$1 #afa ,compos+ /ick1 #afb1 #afi ,compos+ /&1 #afg ,impos+ /one1 #afi ,*ase = press1 #afi ,mak+ ready1 #agb ,ink1 #agc ,ink roll]s1 #agd ,9 colors1 #agd ,9 gold1 #age ,/ock supply1 #age ,see also ,type ,pr9t+ presses3 ,k9ds1 #aeg1 #aeh ,sizes & prices1 #afj ,h[ work$1 #afj ,pr9ts1 photo1 #acc ,protractors = draw+1 #aac ,pulp = pap]1 #agf ,pu% pipe1 musical1 #bfj ,pyrography1 #ea-ec ,radioactive sub/ances1 #aeb ,radiographs1 #aeb ,radium photographs1 #aea ,rag eng9e1 #agg ,reflect+ draw+ bo>d1 #abc ,reflectoscope1 #ade-adg ,rep\ss "w1 #hd-hh ,rivets & bolts1 #gb ,rob9son ,crusoe1 #a ,ros9 = fiddle b[s1 #bgc ,rubb] /amps3 ,h[ to make & use1 #ahc-ahh ,ink pads1 #ahh ,inks1 #ahi ,rule1 c>p5t]'s1 #f1 #aj ,rul+ p5s = draw+1 #aab ,russel ,j5n+s' aug] bits1 #f ,ru/ on tools1 remov+1 #ad ,s& bla/ process1 #bai ,saw3 ,c>p5t]'s1 #b1 #h1 #ab ,dis/on1 #b ,hack1 #eg ,jewel]'s1 #eg1 #fj ,sconce1 a ,v5etian iron1 #hb ,screw cutt+ taps & dies1 #eg1 #fb ,screw driv]s3 ,c>p5t]'s1 #f ,ma*9i/'s1 #fj1 #fc ,screws1 h[ to drive1 #aa ,scroll saw+1 #bd-cg ,designs =1 #bi1 #cj ,woods to use1 #cf ,scroll saws3 ,h&1 #be ,foot-p[]1 #cj-ce ,cricket1 #cj ,le/]1 #cb ,fleetwood1 #cc ,scroll sawy]'s tools1 #bg-bi ,designs1 #cj ,h>dw>e1 #cg ,seams 9 metal "w1 #gj ,self-ink+ pr9t+ presses1 #aeh ,%>p5+ tools1 #fc ,%ellac v>ni%1 #if1 #aig ,%e>s1 t9n]'s1 #eg1 #fj ,%eet metal "w1 ,see ,metal "w1 #gj ,silh\ettes1 #abf ,silv]+ glass1 #bbf ,silv] pr9ts1 photo1 #acc ,sket*+1 see ,draw+ ,skiagraphs1 #aea ,snibs = wood c>v]s1 #df ,soap bubbles1 vici\s1 #bhd ,soire1 a1 #bgd ,sold]1 #fj1 #ff1 #gb ,sold]+ metals1 #ga ,sp>k coil1 #bib ,_s photographs1 #aec ,sp9n+ co9s1 ,virgil's !ory (1 #bed ,spiral1 h[ to draw a1 #abj ,/a9+ wood1 #ed1 #ee ,/anley planes1 #d ,/eam eng9e1 #cjj-caj ,/eel1 #fd ,h[ to blue1 #gd ,lett]s & figures1 #aic ,glass cutt]s1 #bjc ,/eel rule1 ma*9i/'s1 #eg1 #fa ,/eel squ>e1 ma*9i/'s1 #eg1 #fa ,/5cils1 #aih-bja ,/5cil inks1 h[ to make1 #bjj1 #bja ,/]eoscope1 #bhi ,/]eographs1 #bhi ,/]eopticon1 #aea ,/radiv>i1 ,antonio1 #bgj ,sw+1 to make a1 #bce ,taps & dies1 screw cutt+1 #eg1 #fb ,!rmomet] scale1 ,fahr5heit1 #fe ,!ory ( sp9n+ co9s1 #bed ,?umb tacks1 #aac ,t91 #fe ,t9-foil1 #fe ,turn]'s snips1 #eg1 #fj1 #fc ,toa/]1 a ,v5etian iron1 #gh ,tomato cans1 musical1 #bee ,ton+ photo pr9ts1 #acc1 #acd ,tool *e/1 h[ to make a1 #bb ,tools3 ,c>p5t]'s1 see ,c>p5t]'s tools ,woodwork+1 #b ,wood turn+1 #dj ,metal work+1 #eg-fc ,v5etian b5t iron "w1 #gf ,rep\ss "w1 #hd ,engrav+1 #ii ,draw+1 #aab ,toys1 h[ to make3 ,policeman's puzzle1 #bbg ,automobile truck1 #bbh ,:eelb>r[1 #bca ,coa/]1 #bca ,sw+1 #bce ,/ick horse1 #bcg ,pony & c>t1 #bci ,goose1 #bda ,danc+ ,sambo1 #bdc ,wireless pup1 #bde ,trac+s1 h[ to make1 #abd ,transf] pictures1 #abh ,travelogue1 giv+ a1 #bhg ,triangle = draw+1 #aac ,trick photography1 #aec ,try squ>e1 c>p5t]'s1 #f ,t squ>e = draw+1 #aac ,t tube1 h[ to make1 #bac ,tubaphone1 ! peculi>1 #bfd ,turn+ la!1 scroll saw1 #cc ,turn+ wood1 #bd1 #cg1 #da-dc ,turn+ tools = wood1 #dj ,type3 ,/yles (1 #afc-aff ,cases1 #afg ,h[ to set1 #afi ,h[ to di/ribute1 #agc ,h[ to clean1 #agc ,see also ,pr9t+ ,type =m1 h[ to lock up1 #aga ,type-metal1 #ff ,uncanny :eel1 #bhf ,v5etian b5t iron "w1 #gf-hd ,toa/]1 #gh ,egg boil]1 #gi ,plate hold]1 #ha ,vulcaniz+ rubb]1 #ahf1 #ahg ,vise1 c>p5t]'s1 #ba ,wood c>v]'s1 #df ,ma*9i/'s1 #fj ,wa%ita oil-/one = c>p5t]s1 #g ,= c>v]s1 #df ,wa%ita slip /one1 #ac ,wat* hold]1 h[ to c>ve a1 #dh ,:eelb>r[1 to make a nifty1 #bcc ,wireless pup1 to make a1 #bde ,wireless set1 to make a1 #bic ,wireless telegraphy1 demon/rat+1 #bic ,wood3 ,h[ to turn1 #da ,color+ & /a9+1 #ed1 #ee ,wood burn+1 #bd ,see also ,pyrography ,wood c>v]'s tools1 #dd-df ,wood c>v+1 #bd1 #dd-ea ,wood fill]1 h[ to make1 #aa ,wood turn+1 #bd1 #cg ,la! =1 #cg-dj ,tools1 #dj1 #da ,woods3 ,= c>p5try1 #ae ,= scroll saw+1 #cf ,= c>v+1 #dg ,woodwork+ jo9ts1 #ag ,woodwork+ tools1 ,see ,c>p5t]'s tools ,"w b5*1 h[ to make a1 #bj ,work+ draw+s3 ,= c>p5try1 #ah ,h[ to make plan1 #aae ,isometric p]spective1 #aaf ,see also ,draw+s ,xylophone1 curi\s1 #bfc ,z9c1 #fe ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,dep5d+ on ! h>d- & s(tw>e us$ & _! sett+s n all elem5ts may display z int5d$4 ,unusual1 ar*aic & inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$4 ,! inconsi/5t numb]+ ( illu/rations has n be5 /&>dis$4 ,! 7m9or7 diff]5ces 9 word+ betwe5 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ,li/ ( ,illu/rations & ,index comp>$ to ! text h n be5 /&>dis$1 except z m5tion$ "u ,*anges bel[ ,page #bj1 444 ! la/ "p ( ,*apt] ,,iii3 ,*apt] ,,iii deals ) o!r subjects2 possibly ! ref]5ce %\ld be to ,*apt] ,v4 ,page #bf1 ,footnote #aj3 ,! section ,designs = ,scroll ,saw+ may be f\nd on page #cj1 ! footnote an*or z pr9t$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t %\ld probably h be5 pr9t$ aft] item 7f74 ,page #ec1 ,fig4 #bf;,c3 ,b5z9e & alcohol are z pr9t$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t4 ,page #aeg & ,index1 ,johanne ,gut5burg3 z pr9t$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t4 ,page #afc1 item ,f3 ,a#af is possibly an error = #af;,a4 ,page #afd1 item ,h3 ! numb] ( ,z 0 illegible 9 ! s\rce docum5t2 item ,j3 #aa;a #bj;a is possibly an error = #aa;,a #bj;a4 ,page #ahj1 ,du ,pont ,febrikoid ,co43 probably an error = ,du ,pont ,fabrikoid ,co4 ,page #bjg & #bjh1 footnotes #ih & #ih;a3 ! s\rce docum5t has two an*ors = ?is footnote4 ,= ?is text ! second in/ance has be5 r5am$ #ih;a1 ! footnote has be5 repeat$4 ,page #bfj1 ,! h>p is %[n complete at ,c3 ,figure #aji;c does n %[ ! complete in/rum5t1 & !re does n appe> to be ano!r figure t does4 ,page #bgf1 ,fig4 #aaf3 ,presumably ! dim5sions provid$ are 9 feet r ?an in*es4 ,*anges made ,illu/rations1 tables & footnotes h be5 mov$ out ( text p>agraphs4 ,! footnotes 9 ! s\rce docum5t 7 n numb]$ consi/5tly1 !y h be5 r5umb]$ = ?is text4 ,sev]al obvi\s m9or errors 9 typography & punctuation h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 ,"s ( ! wid] elem5ts h be5 split to fit ! available wid?4 ,page #c1 illu/ration3 items ,b & ,c int]*ang$4 ,page #ad3 ,remov+ ,du/ f ,tools *ang$ to ,remov+ ,ru/ f ,tools4 ,page #df3 444 z y w see 9 ,fig4 #ba 444 *ang$ to 444 z y w see 9 ,fig4 #bb 4444 ,page #eg3 444 a ball pe9 hamm] :i* weights 444 *ang$ to 444 a ball pe9 hamm] :i* weighs 4444 ,page #hd3 rep\sage *ang$ to rep\ssage4 ,page #afd1 item ,l3 ref]5ce lett] ,l ins]t$ cf4 o!r ref]5ces4 ,page #agi1 ,fig4 #ga3 item ,b1 ,,ppa/ebo>d *ang$ to ,,pa/ebo>d2 item ,c1 ,,nn* *amg$ to ,,in* 7probably ! numb] is miss+74 ,page #aic3 444 on a %eet ( meal2 444 *ang$ to 444 on a %eet ( metal2 4444 ,page #baa3 section head+ ,h[ to bl[ glass ins]t$ cf4 ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,page #bbb3 fluorsp> & fl\r-sp> *ang$ to fluor-sp> z else:]e4 ,page #bdj1 illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji *ang$ to ,fig4 #ajb2 caption3 c4 ! pony & c>t :5 done *ang$ to c1 d4 ! pony & c>t :5 done4 ,page #bdf1 ,fig4 #aje;,c3 ref]5ce lett] ,d *ang$ to ,b4 ,page #bgg3 444 ! gr& f9al 444 *ang$ to 444 ! gr& f9ale 4444 ,page #bha3 444 already to use 444 *ang$ to 444 all ready to use 4444 ,page #bhi3 ,bus* & ,lomb ,optical ,company *ang$ to ,baus* & ,lomb ,optical ,company4 ,index3 "s words h be5 correct$ to reflect ! spell+ us$ 9 ! ma9 text4