,transcriber's ,note ,italic text displayed as3 italic ,,linotype ,,mechanism ,by ,,alvin ,g4 ,,swank and ,,raymond ,,means ,published by ,,swank ,,and ,,means #gbi ,n4 ,bosart ,ave4 ,indianapolis1 ,indiana ,,copyrighted #aibd ,,printed ,,in ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,preface ,changes and improvements on the ,linotype have been frequent in the past1 and will probably continue to be so in the future4 ,for this reason students1 operators1 machinists1 and owners should keep themselves posted on all matters pertaining to the ,linotype4 ,the only way this can be accomplished is by reading1 studying1 and observing4 ,all books1 pamphlets1 or trade journals dealing with printing should be carefully read1 and the articles pertaining to improvements on typesetting machinery should be carefully studied4 ,pamphlets or trade journals will either be discarded or lost2 whereas a book will be placed on the desk1 bench1 or in the pocket of the one who desires to be well informed of things dealing with the machine4 ,frequent reading or reference will refresh the memory on minor points forgotten or overlooked4 ,this book has been produced as an endeavor to furnish a much-needed text or reference book for the aid of the ,linotype student1 the user1 and the experienced worker4 ,simple terms1 which will enable the student to grasp the fundamentals quickly1 have been used throughout the book1 but when the name of a part is necessary1 the catalog name is used4 ,no illustrations are used1 as the book is intended for use where the actual machine is available for study1 and the parts may be seen4 ,the main parts of the machine are listed with a description of their action and function4 ,mechanical troubles that are common to the ,linotype are mentioned1 together with helpful suggestions for their remedy4 ,all adjustments necessary to the proper care of the machine are listed4 ,the user of ,linotypes will find helpful hints as to the care and adjustments of the machines4 ,in the schools using machines1 this book will fill a long-felt want4 ,it is the first attempt to write a text book of this nature that can be used in lesson form4 ,the class schedule will lead the student to a systematic study of the machine4 ,the text matter is so arranged that the student is led in a natural way through the things he should know first4 ,with the schedule arrangement the instructor is enabled to arrange his mechanism classes at any hour or as many hours as he desires4 ,,the ,,keyboard ,the linotype keyboard is power driven and mechanically operated1 the operator merely touching the keybutton lightly to get a matrix4 ,the keyboard and escapement mechanism consists of ninety-one mechanical units1 or series of levers1 escapements1 and cams--one series for each key on the keyboard4 ,the keyboard consists of the frame2 the keylevers1 extending through the slots to the back of the keyboard frame2 the keylever fulcrum rods1 which are the pivot rods for the keylevers2 the keybars1 that groove into the rear end of the keylevers2 the keybar banking bar1 7fastened to the right- and left-hand keyboard posts71 holding the keybars in place2 and the keyboard locking bar4 ,the various parts of the keyboard are held in their respective places by the keyboard frame4 ,mounted on the top1 at the rear of the keyboard1 are the two cam yoke frames4 ,the keyboard cam yoke frames contain the cams and the cam yokes1 assembled2 the cam yoke triggers2 the cam stop strips2 the hinge rods2 the keyboard cam rubber roll shafts1 with the pulleys or the gears and friction springs2 and the rubber rolls1 assembled4 ,the frames are fastened to the keyboard posts by a screw at each end of the frame1 which extends through the rubber roll shaft brackets4 ,both the frames are equipped with cover pans4 ,the keyboard action for releasing a matrix from the magazine is as follows3 ,when the keybutton is depressed it lowers the outer end of the keylever1 raising the back end4 ,the keylever raises the keybar4 ,the keybar raises the lower end of the trigger1 causing the upper end to tilt4 ,this allows the free end of the cam yoke to drop1 causing the cam to engage the revolving rubber roll4 ,the cam is revolved by the rubber roll1 and as it reaches the high point it raises the free end of the cam yoke4 ,this end of the cam yoke engages the keyrod and causes it to be raised4 ,the keyrod operates the escapement mechanism in the magazine and releases the matrix4 ,,keyboard ,,parts ,the keylevers extend through slots in the keyboard frame and are pivoted near their center by the fulcrum rods4 ,the front end of the keylevers carry the keybuttons and the back ends fit into notches in the keybars4 ,the keybars are held in place on the back of the keyboard by the banking bar and the upper and lower keybar guides4 ,the keybars have notches on the upper end into which the triggers set4 ,also there are notches into which the keylevers extend4 ,these notches are cut at different points on each six keybars1 to correspond with the point at which the keylever protrudes through the frame4 ,on the late model machines the keybars are made with notches so they will fit in any alternate position1 each bar having three notches1 any one of which will register with the keylever4 ,in removing the bars for cleaning1 always take them off in groups of six and keep them in order so that no difficulty will be experienced in replacing them4 ,it is always better to replace each bar in its original place after having them off4 ,the keyboard locking bar extends across the back of the keyboard1 just above a shoulder on the keybars4 ,when this bar is forced down it prevents the keybar from being raised1 thus locking the keyboard4 ,,keyboard ,,cams ,,and ,,parts ,the keyboard cams are small1 brass1 non-circular or eccentric pieces and are used to raise the cam yokes to operate the keyrods4 ,the cams are pivoted and held in place in cam yokes4 ,the outer end of the cam yokes are pivoted to the frame1 while the inner ends are left free to move up or down in slots in the frame1 directly underneath the keyrods4 ,when the cams are setting at normal1 the free end of the yokes are supported by the pivoted triggers1 which set directly beneath the yokes4 ,when a trigger is moved by the keybar1 it allows the free end of the yoke to drop1 carrying the cam against the revolving rubber roll4 ,the low part of the cam has small teeth cut in it1 so when it drops on the revolving rubber roll1 it is caused to turn4 ,when the high part of the revolving cam is on the rubber roll1 the free end of the cam yoke is raised to its highest point1 raising the keyrod4 ,there are ninety-one cams and yokes in a keyboard4 ,in order to get the cams in the smallest possible space1 forty-five of them are located in the front frame1 and forty-six in the back frame4 ,the cam on the right-hand end of the back row is used to operate the spaceband lever4 ,a stop strip is fastened by means of six screws to each cam frame in such a manner that the small cross pins in the revolving cams come in contact with small pins which extend downward1 stopping the cams after their revolution and holding them in normal position4 ,the front strip has forty-five teeth and the rear strip has forty-six teeth2 therefore they are not interchangeable4 ,the strip should be located so the teeth do not bind the sides of the cams4 ,the top row of keys on the keyboard operate the cams in the back frame1 the keys in the second row operate the cams in the front frame1 the third in the back1 etc41 alternating for each row1 so when tracing keyboard troubles it is known in which frame an offending cam will be found4 ,several types of cam yokes have been manufactured for the various models of machines4 ,some are made of brass1 others are stamped out of steel1 while still another kind is milled out of a solid piece of steel4 ,different methods of fastening the pivoted end of the yoke have also been used4 ,the older models were held by a pivot wire which ran through the yoke4 ,the later models1 however1 have spring bars which set just above the pivoted end of the yoke1 the yoke being hooked on the hinge rod and held down by a spring and plunger directly above the yoke1 in the bar4 ,this spring and plunger takes the strain off the yoke and keyrod when in an unusually heavy pull1 and prevents damage to the rubber rolls4 ,on the top of the spring bar is an adjusting screw bushing through which the plunger projects4 ,this plunger is forced against the top of the cam yoke by a spring4 ,as the free end of the cam yoke raises1 the spring must be strong enough to hold the pivoted end of the yoke from raising more than enough to give the full stroke of the keyrod4 ,if something prevents the free movement of the escapement1 the strain would come to the pivoted end of the yoke1 forcing the plunger up1 thus releasing the keyrod1 cam1 or rubber roll of undue strain4 ,if this spring becomes weak1 it will allow the pivoted end of the yoke to raise too high1 thus lessening the up stroke of the keyrod4 ,this shortened stroke of the keyrod does not permit the full stroke operation of the escapement1 and does not allow the matrix to drop4 ,a weak spring will sometimes cause the matrix to drop slowly1 due to the lug of the matrix binding on the lower pawl4 ,by using the adjusting bushing this trouble can be remedied4 ,be careful in adjusting the spring1 because too much tension will cause the cam to cut the rubber roll4 ,on some models the spaceband cam is of a different shape or larger than the other cams4 ,this is done to accomplish the timing of the dropping of the spacebands4 ,to remove a single cam from the frame1 shut off the power of the machine1 take off the cover pans1 touch the keybutton of the desired cam1 draw out the pivot wire on old models or release the latch and tilt the spring bar on new models1 turn the rubber rolls by hand until the end of the cam yoke raises1 then lift the yoke and cam out4 ,,keyboard ,,rubber ,,rolls ,the rubber rolls are held on shafts which extend through the cam frame4 ,the right end of the shafts run in bushings which are held in the cam frame by a screw extending through the cam frame bracket into the shaft bushing4 ,two kinds of rubber rolls may be obtained3 corrugated and ground4 ,the rolls must be kept free from oil at all times4 ,about once each month they should be removed and washed with soap and water to remove all oil1 and freshen the rubber4 ,the rubber roll may be livened up by the use of course sandpaper1 rubbing from end to end and turning the roll so it does not become flat4 ,the roll should be washed after using the sandpaper to remove the small particles of rubber that may be adhering to the surface4 ,if the rubber rolls become worn until they are grooved where the cams operate on them1 or if they become hard with long use1 they should be replaced with new rubber4 ,good1 live rubber rolls have much to do with quick1 even response of the matrices4 ,a rubber roll that is in good shape with the exception of a groove or two1 can be used by cutting out the worn parts and placing in a good piece of another roll and fitting it to the shaft4 ,save parts of old rubber rolls for this purpose4 ,they at least may be valuable for emergency patching1 until a new roll can be ordered from the factory4 ,the rubber roll shafts are driven by friction1 so that if anything binds unduly the shaft will stop1 preventing damage to the rubber4 ,to replace a rubber roll1 remove the old roll1 polish the shaft1 using care to clean thoroughly4 ,a new roll must fit tightly and if the shaft is not clean and smooth1 it will be hard to force the new roll on4 ,place the shaft in an upright position1 start the end of the roll through the pulley end of the shaft4 ,place your thumb or hand over the other end of the roll to hold in the air and push down on the roll until it is in position4 ,on the later models the shaft carries a collar1 pin1 and oil collar on each end4 ,this assembly must be removed on one end before the roll can be removed4 ,the collar is held to the shaft by a taper pin and the oil collar forced over the top of the pin and collar4 ,this oil collar must be pried off before the pin can be driven out4 ,,keyboard ,,troubles ,many of the mechanical troubles will be found in the keyboard1 such as continuous response or non-response of matrices4 ,the keylevers sometimes get gummy or sprung to one side and bind on the frame1 causing a continuous response of matrices4 ,another cause for continuous response may often be traced to some foreign substance such as metal shavings or dirt getting between the keylever and the frame4 ,a large percentage of keyboard troubles can be traced to the keybars4 ,most continuous response trouble is due to dirty or sticking keybars4 ,these bars have several points of contact with other parts1 and frequently a very small particle of dirt or dust will prevent the proper return of the keybar after being raised4 ,this will hold the trigger out from under the cam yoke1 which will continue to revolve and cause more than one matrix to drop4 ,this trouble can usually be remedied by blowing out all dust from around the keybars and then washing them with gasoline1 using a squirt can or brush to apply the gasoline4 ,before applying the gasoline1 it is best to place a pan or cloth beneath the keybars to catch the surplus gasoline4 ,be very careful not to get any gasoline on the cams or rubber rolls1 as it will cut the lubrication on the yoke pivot and soften the rubber roll4 ,after washing the bars1 blow the surplus gasoline off with an air hose or bellows4 ,keep the air from the keyboard cams as much as possible1 as it has a tendency to dry the oil on the yoke pivot pins1 causing slow moving cams4 ,sometimes the trouble is above the keybar banking bar4 ,in this case it will be necessary to remove the back cam frame to clean the bars above the banking bar4 ,should the keyboard locking bar become loose it may drop down a trifle and1 preventing free action of the keybars1 make the keyboard touch heavy4 ,in addition to the continuous response caused by the keylever or keybar1 sometimes a dirty and sticking trigger or the trigger hinge rod being bent will cause this trouble4 ,if one of the pins in the stop strip or the cam becomes worn or broken1 the cam will continue to revolve4 ,some of the common troubles of non-response might be caused by the free end of the cam yoke being dirty or gummy1 a rusty1 gummy1 or bent cam yoke hinge rod1 not allowing the cam to drop4 ,a dry cam pivot will often prevent the cam from turning4 ,a hard or oily rubber roll will not cause the cam to turn1 especially on a cold morning4 ,a tooth on the stop strip being bent sideways might bind the cam4 ,something binding the rubber roll1 not allowing it to revolve1 stops all cam response4 ,a dry cam pivot or a sluggish cam will cause transposition of letters4 ,to locate the cause of a non-response1 first observe if the keyrod is moving4 ,if it is1 the trouble will probably be found in the magazine or magazine escapement4 ,if the keyrod does not raise1 look for the trouble in the keyboard4 ,do not take the keyboard apart every time a few matrices fail to respond correctly4 ,it is much quicker to correct the trouble with the individual parts that may be bothering4 ,always locate the cause of the trouble before attempting to correct it4 ,,keyboard ,,layout ,there are two standard layouts in common use4 ,the one most commonly used1 especially in commercial shops1 has the small capital layout shown on the keybuttons4 ,the fractions run as side sorts when this layout is used4 ,in the other standard layout the fractions are run in the keyboard4 ,this is frequently used on newspapers for setting markets1 stock reports1 and tables1 where a great number of fractions are used4 ,there are a variety of different keyboard layouts for different classes of work1 but no great variation from the standard layout is advisable4 ,,to ,,remove ,,the ,,keyboard ,,cam ,,frames ,be sure the keyrods are connected to the verges on the models #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 or #e4 ,on the models #a1 #b1 or #c the keyboard should not be locked with the locking bar4 ,take off the cover pans and the cover tray1 remove the two screws that extend through the rubber roll shaft bracket1 pull the frame off dowel pins4 ,,cleaning ,,the ,,keyboard ,,cams ,whenever the keyboard cams become dirty and several of them are causing trouble1 the entire set should be removed from the frame and cleaned4 ,do not take the entire set off1 however1 every time a cam fails to act4 ,if there are but a few cams bothering1 it is much quicker to take out these individual cams and clean them4 ,the entire set of cams will usually need cleaning and oiling every three or four months in the average shop4 ,due to some particular shop surroundings1 this time often varies4 ,to clean the cams1 remove the keyboard cam frames from the machine2 take out the rubber rolls1 assembled2 release the pivot end of the cam yokes and remove the cams4 ,the sides of the cam yokes at each end and the outer surface of the cam should be thoroughly cleaned4 ,dry the cam by wiping with a lintless rag and blowing with an air hose or bellows4 ,the triggers should then be removed and cleaned4 ,while the cams and triggers are out of the frame1 the frame should be washed clean4 ,gasoline or denatured alcohol should be used for washing and cleaning the various parts4 ,a jeweler's brush will be found useful in cleaning the various parts4 ,before replacing the triggers1 polish them with graphite and string them on a pivot wire to make sure that no dirt nor grit has gotten into the pivot holes during the cleaning4 ,clean the rubber rolls before replacing them4 ,before replacing the cams in the frame the pivots should be oiled4 ,use only a good grade of clock or watch oil and put a small drop on the pivot4 ,a broomstraw or ordinary pen will be found convenient for applying the oil4 ,be sure to wipe off all surplus oil to prevent it being transferred to the rubber rolls4 ,,note--,before replacing the frames in position on the machine1 see that the bracket screws that extend into the frame at each end are loose4 ,if the screws draw the brackets too tight1 difficulty will be experienced in seating the brackets to the dowels on the posts4 ,be sure to lock the keyboard cam yoke triggers by running a wire through the upper holes in the triggers4 ,this is done so the triggers will enter the slots in the keybars4 ,see that all cams are in normal position4 ,this is necessary so the cam yokes will pass under the lower end of the keyrods4 ,,to ,,take ,a ,,keyboard ,,apart ,whenever it is necessary to take the keyboard apart to clean1 it should be removed from the machine in the following manner3 ,remove the keyboard cam frames4 ,remove the assembling elevator lever4 ,procure a strip of wood furniture fifteen inches long1 which is the proper length to just pass inside of the frame posts1 fasten a strong cord to each end of the wood strip1 take off the keyboard locking bar1 place the strip of wood along the back of the keybars1 bring the string inside of the side posts to the front of the keyboard4 ,draw the two ends of the string tight1 so that the strip can not move1 and fasten it to the keylevers4 ,take out the two keyboard side plate bracket screws 7on each side at the rear of the keyboard frame74 ,take out the four keyboard front plate screws4 ,remove the two screws which hold the keybar banking bar to the posts and pull the bar off the dowel pins4 ,pull the frame toward the front of the machine and lift it out4 ,place the frame on a bench or table in a slightly inclined position with the rear end the higher4 ,take out the lower row of keylevers by removing the fulcrum rod4 ,take off the keybars1 keeping them in their regular order4 ,take out the remaining keylevers by removing the fulcrum rods4 ,wash the keylevers in denatured alcohol or gasoline1 brushing vigorously with a jeweler's brush the parts that come in contact with the frame4 ,if there is any corrosion left1 polish the levers with metal polish2 wipe them dry with a clean rag4 ,the keybars should be cleaned in a like manner1 but rub each side of each keybar on a graphite board instead of using metal polish4 ,wash the frame of the keyboard thoroughly1 and wipe dry4 ,if an air hose is available1 blow all the parts dry with the air4 ,when reassembling the keyboard1 work upward4 ,place the lower row of keylevers in first1 run the fulcrum rod through the holes2 then assemble the next rows1 using the same procedure for each row4 ,this method makes it easy to assemble the keylevers4 ,after the board has been assembled1 test out each key to see that it is working freely1 before replacing the strip of wood4 ,when replacing the banking bar the slot in the keybars must fit over the bar2 raise up on all the keybars with the plate extending underneath them until the banking bar dowel pins fit into the dowel pin holes4 ,it is usually necessary to clean the entire keyboard only once or twice a year unless the shop conditions around the machine are very dirty4 ,,keyrods ,the keyrods rest just above the free end of the keyboard cam yokes and extend upward to the escapement mechanism4 ,they are the connection between the escapements and the keyboard cams4 ,on the models #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 and #e1 the keyrods are numbered from #a to #ij2 the spaceband being a short rod1 it is not necessary for it to be numbered4 ,they are held in place by two guides4 ,the lower guide is between the cam frames4 ,on models #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 and #e1 the upper guide is directly under the magazine at the front4 ,the object of the upper guide is to hold the keyrods in place when locking them on the verges1 as they should rest squarely on the verges4 ,on the model #a the upper guides are adjustable sidewise by changing the position of the brass lug on the right side of the magazine in which the tongue of the guide fits4 ,in making this adjustment use the lower case 8p0 as a guide4 ,on the models #c and #e there is a screw bushing in the right-hand side of the intermediate bracket for the adjustment of the keyrod upper guide4 ,when replacing keyrods in the guides1 start at the left-hand side with the first slot in the bottom guide1 but leave the first slot open in the top guide4 ,this guide slot is for an extra keyrod for use in the special double 8e0 attachment which may be applied4 ,the keyrods vary in length on the different models4 ,on models #h1 #ad1 #ad-s-k1 #ah1 #ai1 #i1 and ,k the keyrods are very short and are used to operate a curved lever known as the escapement lever1 which in turn operates the escapement4 ,on models #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 and #e1 the keyrod is pulled back to its proper position by the keyrod spring4 ,the action of this spring in pulling the keyrod to position stresses the verge spring and pulls the escapement into normal1 allowing the rear pawl to release the matrix so it can slide into position to be caught and held by the front pawl4 ,on models ,k1 #h1 #ad1 #ad-s-k1 #ah1 #ai1 and #i the keyrod is returned to position by the weight of the escapement lever1 and by its own weight1 the verge spring pulling the escapement back into position4 ,on the later model #a the keyrods have a groove near the upper ends and a supporting rail attached to the upper guide plate which keeps them from dropping when they are disconnected from the verges4 ,on the model #e this supporting rail is near the bottom end of the keyrods1 just above the keyrod springs1 and is connected to a short handle at the right end above the keyboard4 ,the keyrods can be disconnected from the verges only when the handle is lifted4 ,,auxiliary ,,keyrods ,on models #ad and #ai there is an auxiliary magazine which has #bh channels4 ,there are #bh short keyrods assembled the same as on a model #e4 ,these keyrods are operated by an auxiliary keyboard4 ,there is a supporting rail at the upper end of these keyrods1 connected with a handle at the right side of the auxiliary bracket4 ,the keyrods can only be disconnected from the verges when the handle is lifted4 ,these keyrods are disconnected the same as on a model #e machine4 ,,model ,,fourteen ,,single ,,keyboard ,on the new model #ad1 known as model #ad single keyboard1 there are #cd channels and short keyrods on the auxiliary instead of #bh4 ,these keyrods are operated from the regular keyboard4 ,there is a lug pressed in the back of the keyrods4 ,these lugs are staggered on the various keyrods and come in contact with a series of pivoted levers in a box containing #cd of these levers1 fastened at the back of the keyrods of the main part of the machine4 ,the main keyrods1 from the figure #a up to and including the caps 7#cd in all71 have a lug pressed into the back side of them4 ,these lugs are also staggered on the keyrods so they can be brought into contact with the fulcrumed levers in the box4 ,this box is known as a bail box4 ,the upper keyrod guide slots are made longer for these keyrods to slide back or forth1 actuated by a hand lever that is placed below the assembler entrance and resting on the delivery slideway4 ,the auxiliary is brought into operation by shoving back on this lever1 which brings the keyrods and lugs in contact with the bail box levers1 and they in turn operate the keyrods of the auxiliary whenever a key is touched4 ,,magazines ,,and ,,escapements ,,escapement ,,mechanism ,the escapement mechanism of models #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 and #e machines consists of two pawls1 a verge1 and a verge spring for each character in the magazine4 ,the verge is hinged on a pivot rod4 ,the lower end of the pawls are seated in the verge1 and the upper end projects through the under side of the magazine and engages the lower lugs of the matrices4 ,when the escapement is at its normal position1 the lower or front pawl extends up into the magazine and holds the column of matrices in the channel4 ,the end of the upper pawl is flush with the bottom of the channel groove4 ,the verge and pawls are held in this position by the keyrod1 which hooks onto the verge4 ,this keyrod is held down by its own weight and a spring near its lower end4 ,the verge spring1 which sets directly back of and against the verge1 has its tension upward on the verge4 ,when the key is touched and the cam yoke raises the keyrod1 it releases the verge1 which is pulled upward by the verge spring4 ,this action lowers the front pawl and raises the back pawl1 releasing the front matrix4 ,the back pawl detains the other matrices1 holding them in the channel until the verge is restored to normal4 ,the keyrod spring pulls the keyrod down4 ,the verge1 being hooked to the keyrod is pulled down also4 ,this brings the front pawl up and the back pawl down1 letting the matrix slide to position ready for the next escapement4 ,this verge action is the same on all single magazine models4 ,each magazine of a model #a1 #b1 or #c machine carries the escapement assembly on the bottom1 at the front1 directly above the keyrod upper guide4 ,on a model #e the verge escapement is fastened by means of two screws and two dowel pins to the intermediate bracket of the machine4 ,to remove3 ,take off the magazine and then raise the keyrods with the hand lever at the right of the keyrods4 ,this will leave the keyrods free to be pushed back from the verges1 by withdrawing the spring pin which holds the upper keyrod guide to the verge pivot rod at the right-hand side1 under the escapements1 and pushing back on the guide4 ,the escapements can then be removed by taking out the two screws1 one at each end1 and lift off the dowel pins4 ,the escapement mechanism of models #h1 #ad1 #ah1 #ai1 #ad-s-k1 and ,k is similar to the model explained above1 except that the verge spring pulls downward on the verge instead of upward1 as in the other models4 ,the escapement is operated by the escapement lever and a plunger from the front4 ,the keyrod forces the escapement lever upward4 ,the lever strikes the plunger and forces it against the verge4 ,the model #h or #ad verge escapements can be removed by raising the magazine and pushing the escapement back from between the escapement supports4 ,,magazines ,the magazine is the receptacle in which a font of matrices is stored on the machine1 ready for instant use as the matrices are desired in assembling a line4 ,some of the main features of the different model machines are the number of magazines carried on the machine at one time1 the size or width of the magazine1 and the manner of removing the magazines4 ,the magazine or channel plate consists of #ib channels milled in the brass plates1 which guide the lugs of the matrices and keep them in line1 so as to pass the escapements one at a time4 ,model #a magazines have the old style channel entrances1 attached to each magazine frame4 ,the model #a magazines are narrow1 and will only carry matrices up to and including #aa-point4 ,the escapements of this model are fastened directly to the magazine4 ,the magazine for a model #b or #c machine is practically the same as a model #a in construction1 with the exception of being two inches wider at the lower end4 ,the verges on these models are practically the same as on the model #a1 but on account of the difference in width of the magazines1 are thicker4 ,in this style the verges are locked by turning the grooved escapement verge locking bar one-fourth of a turn4 ,this is turned by the crank at the right-hand side of the magazine4 ,the keyboard is locked with a bar the same as the model #a4 ,the channel entrance is similar to the model #a4 ,the lower magazine of the model #b is shorter than the upper magazine4 ,the matrices are released by the same keyboard mechanism4 ,the escapements1 however1 are on the top of the magazine instead of beneath it4 ,each keyrod has a lug fastened to the back end of it1 which engages the escapement levers connected to the escapements4 ,when the lower magazine is being used1 the keyrod is raised and allows the verge spring to operate the escapement1 releasing the matrix4 ,the keyrod spring pulls the escapement lever down4 ,this lever brings the escapement into position1 ready to release another matrix4 ,the escapements on both magazines are capable of movement1 as the verge springs of both tend to raise the escapements1 but are prevented from doing so by the keyrod spring4 ,the matrices are prevented from escaping from both magazines at the same time by a pair of grooved rods1 which lie between the verges and the magazine4 ,the locks on these rods are so arranged that the locking of one escapement unlocks the other1 the movement of these being controlled by a hand lever at the right of the face plate1 directly above the keyboard4 ,the model #c magazine is the same as the model #b 7upper74 ,the escapement action is also the same4 ,the upper magazine of a model #d is a removable magazine which is independent of the escapement mechanism or the channel entrance4 ,this magazine is as wide as the model #b or #c1 but is not interchangeable with them4 ,this magazine is interchangeable with those of a model #e1 #h1 #ad1 #ah1 #ai1 or #ad-s-k4 ,the lower magazine of a model #d is the same as a model #b1 but it is easily removed from the machine1 as the escapement mechanism is independent of the magazine4 ,the escapement on the model #d is the same as on the model #b1 except that the escapement mechanism is fastened to the machine brackets instead of to the magazine4 ,on models #b and #d there are two channels of lower case 8e0 matrices4 ,the mechanism for the operation of the double 8e0 is one keyboard cam to be connected alternately to the two short keyrods which connect with the two 8e0 verges4 ,the shifting of a short keyrod from one to the other keyrods is accomplished by the raising of the assembling elevator1 which operates a lever fastened to the assembling elevator link4 ,this link comes in contact with a pawl and ratchet that operate the short keyrod by shifting alternately4 ,this attachment can be applied to any model of machine4 ,the model #e is a quick change machine4 ,the magazine changes from the front and can be lifted off by one person4 ,the escapement mechanism is separate from the magazine4 ,the model #e magazine is the same as the model #d and is interchangeable with any of the above mentioned models except models #a1 #b1 or #c4 ,the ,no4 #e 7,english7 magazine is now known as the standard magazine4 ,this magazine is used on all models #d1 #e1 #h1 #ad1 #ad-s-k1 #ah1 and #ai machines4 ,the model #h machine carries #c of these ,no4 #e magazines4 ,all magazines may be changed from the front of the machine4 ,the magazines are interchangeable as to their position in the machine4 ,they are also interchangeable with the same ,no4 #e magazines on other machines4 ,the model #ad is the same as the model #h1 except that it has an auxiliary magazine4 ,model #ah1 which carries two magazines1 uses the same magazines as a model #e1 #h1 or #ad4 ,the escapements are hung to the magazine frame1 but are like the model #e1 #h1 or #ad escapements1 and are held in place by two spring clamps that fit over the top of the magazines at the front4 ,by shifting a lever at the right of the magazine frame1 the position of the magazines is changed4 ,the model #ai is the same as the model #ah1 except that it has an auxiliary magazine4 ,,removing ,a ,,magazine ,it is sometimes necessary to remove the magazines of any model of machine for the purpose of cleaning or repairing1 or to change the type face4 ,read carefully the instructions for the removing of the magazines until you become thoroughly familiar with the order of procedure4 ,to forget one operation or to perform an operation at the wrong time may cause the matrices to be spilled or something more serious4 ,to remove a model #a magazine3 ,lock the verges by placing the locking wire above the shoulder of the back pawls1 lock the keyboard by inserting the locking rod in the slotted hole in the right-hand keyboard post and shove the rod through the full length of the keyboard4 ,this rod passes under the end of the keyboard cam yokes and raises them1 which raises the keyrods off the verges a trifle4 ,unlatch the upper keyrod guide at the right-hand side and move the keyrods off the verges4 ,pull the flexible front of the assembler plate forward as far as the chain permits it to come4 ,remove the tray under the rear channel entrance1 raise the magazine to a level position and push it through toward the rear and lift out carefully4 ,it requires two persons to remove a magazine of this model4 ,in returning the magazine be careful that it is moved forward the full distance before the front end is lowered2 or the lift lever of the distributor box may be damaged4 ,to remove the upper magazine from a model #b3 ,unlatch the connecting links between the verge locks1 throw the verge lock of the upper magazine down one-fourth of a turn1 and slip the sliding block on the side of the upper magazine downward4 ,this holds the upper verge lock4 ,lock the keyboard1 and depress the pin beneath the verges of the upper magazine1 at the right4 ,this pin holds the keyrod guide and keyrods to the verges4 ,push the guide back and disconnect the keyrods4 ,the lower end of the upper magazine can now be raised and the magazine drawn out of the machine at the back4 ,use care not to damage the lower magazine or back entrance4 ,to remove the lower magazine of a model #b3 ,remove the upper magazine1 throw the keyrods forward with the lever1 draw out the rod beneath the magazine mouth4 ,this rod holds the matrix guides for the lower magazine in place4 ,lift out the magazine1 using care not to damage the escapements or levers4 ,to remove the model #e magazine3 ,insert the locking strip1 pressing it firmly in place4 ,this bar holds the matrices in the channels4 ,the bar also releases the lock at the left-hand side of the magazine and permits the cam levers to be turned or brought forward into position for holding the magazine4 ,pull forward the spring lock which fits over the lower end of the magazine4 ,with the cam levers1 raise the magazine frame4 ,lift the front end of the magazine and it will slide forward2 then by allowing the lower end to drop1 the magazine will hang in a vertical position on the levers4 ,close the cover at the top of the magazine and lift off4 ,the above method of locking must be followed with any ,no4 #e magazine on any model4 ,to remove any of the three magazines from a model #h or #ad proceed in the following manner3 ,any magazine should be in operating position before it is removed4 ,the upper magazine is removed similarly to a model #e4 ,place the locking rod in the magazine to lock the matrices and unlock the catch at left of the magazine4 ,take off the bar which extends across the top side of the magazine4 ,turn the cam levers forward1 and lift the magazine off4 ,to remove the second magazine3 ,insert the locking bar in the top and second magazines4 ,raise the magazines with the elevating mechanism1 as high as they will go4 ,place the frame supports under the upper magazine frame4 ,remove the bar which extends across the top side of the top magazine4 ,turn the elevating crank until the frame descends and the second magazine is in operating position1 leaving the upper magazine elevated4 ,place the right- and left-hand cams on the second magazine frame4 ,lift out the escapements of the upper magazine4 ,then proceed as in removing the upper magazine4 ,to remove the third magazine3 ,remove the two upper magazines and take off the frame cams2 take out the eight screws that hold the right- and left-hand gibs to the frame guides2 remove the gibs1 using care not to get them mixed4 ,remove the two frames from the guides2 take out the two clamps that hold the lower magazine at the rear4 ,have a helper stand on the frame of the machine in the rear1 and reach over the top of the distributor beam to assist in lifting the magazine1 while the operator in front gradually raises the magazine clear of the escapement frame4 ,take out the escapements by removing the two screws in the left-hand support and pry it off dowel pin holes4 ,be careful to hold the escapement with one hand so it does not drop4 ,to remove a magazine from a model #ah or #ai3 ,put the lower magazine in operating position4 ,insert the locking strips4 ,pull the lever at the left down as far as it will go1 which spreads apart the two magazines4 ,drop the escapements down by releasing the two spring clamps that fit over the top of the magazine4 ,the clamp on the left is fitted with a lock so it can not be dropped unless the locking strip is all the way through4 ,fasten the two shoes for the magazine bar to slide on1 in the holes provided for them1 and lift off magazine from the front4 ,either magazine can be lifted off4 ,in making the above changes1 be sure you have locked the magazine4 ,in replacing the magazine on the escapements be sure that the magazine is seated properly before removing the locking bar4 ,,new ,,model #h ,,and #ad ,,single ,,keyboard ,these models change practically the same as other models1 but the lower magazine can be changed as easily and quickly as the top or center magazines4 ,this is accomplished by changes in the locating rods1 guides1 and elevating screw which permit raising the magazine frames higher1 clearing the assembler plate far enough to slide the lower magazine out the same as the other two4 ,the escapements are hung to the magazine frame in the same manner as the models #ah and #ai1 and are held in place by the clamps1 but the latter clamps are tightened by means of screws and knurled knobs instead of springs4 ,to remove a magazine from a late model #h or #ad-s-k3 ,put the magazine in operating position next to the one to be changed2 if the top one is to be changed1 put the second magazine in operating position2 if the second one1 place the lower magazine in position4 ,lock the locking strip1 drop the escapements down by releasing the two knurled knob screws that clamp the escapement over the top of the magazine4 ,pull the lever at the left down as far as it will go2 fasten the two shoes for the magazine bar to slide on in the lugs provided for them and lift off the magazine from the front4 ,,split ,,magazines ,split magazines can be used on models #h1 #ad1 #ad-s-k1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba1 and #bb4 ,these magazines are just half the length of the regular magazines and carry #ab matrices of each character4 ,these magazines are very handy1 where a large amount of changes are made1 because of their lightness4 ,on account of the short fonts carried1 they are not desirable for use below #ab-point1 except in some job faces4 ,these magazines are changed the same as the full length magazines4 ,,auxiliary ,,magazines ,auxiliary magazines are narrow1 having only #bh channels1 and are operated by separate auxiliary escapements1 keyrods1 and keyboard4 ,they are extensively used for carrying headletter and advertising fonts1 and two-line figures4 ,they can be changed the same as changing a model #e magazine4 ,the newer style auxiliary1 used on the model #ad single keyboard1 is wider and has #cd channels2 permitting the use of larger faces and carrying more of an assortment of characters than the older model4 ,this magazine is operated by separate keyrods and escapements connecting with the regular keyboard through the medium of a series of fulcrumed levers1 which can1 by the operation of a small lever1 be brought into instant use at will from the regular keyboard4 ,,model ,k ,the model ,k is a two magazine machine with magazines the same width as the model #a4 ,this model does not differ materially from a model #a except that it has two interchangeable narrow magazines supported in a frame similar to the frame of a model #ai4 ,the magazines are changed by pulling a lever at the right of the magazine frame4 ,this machine carries the short keyrods1 escapement levers1 and escapements similar to a model #ai1 except that the escapements are fastened to the magazine4 ,these magazines are changed from the front4 ,they are not interchangeable with a model #a magazine4 ,the other parts of the machine are the same as any of the other models4 ,,model ,l ,the model ,l is a rebuilt machine along the same lines as a model #e4 ,the magazine changes from the front the same as a model #e4 ,the escapements are fastened to the intermediate brackets similar to a model #e4 ,to change a magazine on this model3 ,lock the matrices by inserting the locking strip1 pressing it firmly in place4 ,raise the cam levers to positions1 lift the front end of the magazine1 and it will slide forward4 ,by allowing the lower end to drop1 the magazine will hang in a vertical position ready to be lifted off4 ,to remove the verges from this model it is necessary to use the locking rod that comes with the machine4 ,this rod is similar to the one used on the model #a1 except it has an extra strip at the top which raises the keyrods higher4 ,insert this strip in the hole in the keyboard post at the right2 push through as far as it will go4 ,this will lift the keyrods free of the verges2 they can now be pushed back by releasing the latch that holds the upper keyrod guides to the verge pivot rod at the right1 and pushing back on the guide4 ,the escapements can now be removed by taking out the two screws1 one at each end1 and lift off dowel pins4 ,,to ,,remove ,a ,,verge ,remove the magazine or escapements from the machine and place bottom side up on a bench or table4 ,on a model #a1 with a pair of duck bill pliers1 straighten the bent ears on the verge partition which holds the narrow brass locking strip in place4 ,raise the strip to a point beyond the desired verge4 7,on the other models there is no strip to be removed47 ,push out the pivot rod with another rod of the same size1 until you reach the desired verge2 separate the ends of the two rods and lift out the verge and its pawls4 ,verges are made in various sizes and care should be taken that a verge of the same size is used in replacing4 ,examine the verge and pawl to see that there is nothing to retard its free action4 ,examine the verge spring for wear at the point of contact with the verge4 ,if the verge does not work freely the matrices can not drop properly4 ,,failure ,,of ,,matrices ,,to ,,respond 7,due to trouble above the keyboard7 ,when the matrices fail to respond to the touch and the keyboard and keyrods have been found to be working properly1 the trouble may be due to3 ,dirty magazine1 dirty matrices1 bent or damaged lugs on the matrices1 weak verge spring1 bent verge pawl1 bent verge plunger1 broken verge1 verge not making full stroke1 magazine not aligning with the assembler front partitions1 matrix laying flat in the magazine and holding others back1 no matrices in the channel1 battered channel1 keyrod spring weak or off4 ,,cleaning ,a ,,magazine ,to clean a magazine1 run out all the matrices into a galley and place the magazine in a convenient place for cleaning4 ,magazines which have the verges assembled on them should be placed with the bottom side up in order to prevent the dirt getting in around the pawls while cleaning4 ,with a good magazine brush1 clean all dirt and gum from the inside of the magazine4 ,if the magazine is very dirty1 first use a little good gasoline or denatured alcohol on the brush to cut all the gum loose4 ,brush the magazine and use the air until dry on the inside4 ,then polish the inside by applying a very small amount of graphite on the brush and rubbing briskly4 ,in cleaning a magazine1 be sure that all the little dark spots1 which show where the lugs of the matrices set in the magazine1 are removed4 ,these spots are gum which forms in the magazine1 due to oil and dirt which are carried in on the lugs of the matrices4 ,if these spots are not entirely removed it would be better not to clean the magazine at all4 ,when they are merely loosened up by the cleaning1 the matrices will be held back and will not drop regularly4 ,frequently the bristles of the brush will get caught in the partitions of the magazine and pull out of the brush4 ,these can usually be removed by dragging the edge of a soft pine yard-stick across them4 ,keep the various parts of the machine1 with which the matrices come in contact1 clean and free from oil1 and the magazine will not get dirty for some time4 ,,cleaning ,,matrices ,matrices to be cleaned should be placed on a flat galley4 ,with an ink eraser 7,banner ,eberhard ,faber ,no4 #ajga7 remove the gum or dirt from the lugs and the face4 ,then blow the loose dust off with the air4 ,place another galley bottom side up over the galley of matrices and turn both galleys and the matrices over4 ,the back lugs and back side of the matrices may then be cleaned the same as the face4 ,,magazine ,,hints ,never oil the escapements nor put oil in the magazine4 ,to do so will cause escapement trouble4 ,do not slam the magazine entrance when closing it4 ,there may be a matrix overhanging the edge that you have overlooked1 and you will damage the matrix and the back end of the magazine4 ,never pound the magazine to make matrices drop4 ,locate the cause of the trouble and remove it4 ,don't forget1 when pulling down the magazine entrance1 to do so quickly1 as opening it slowly is liable to cause a matrix to fall into the magazine flatwise4 ,never try to force a matrix past the escapement4 ,if it will not come through easily1 pull it out the back way4 ,a wooden reglet with a rubber band around the end will be found convenient for removing a flat matrix from the magazine4 ,never attempt to remove a magazine without first inserting the locking bar4 ,do not expect a rusty or bent locking bar to work freely4 ,clean it2 if bent1 straighten it4 ,never put a ,no4 #e magazine on the machine until you have run your fingers along the opening at the back side of the lower end to make sure there are no matrices with the lugs in the opening4 ,if there are1 push them back in the magazine4 ,just one lug in this opening will prevent the magazine seating properly4 ,,assembling ,,elevator ,the assembling elevator is held in place on the face plate by the two gibs1 one on each side1 and by the assembler roll bracket on the lower right-hand side4 ,the assembling elevator on all the later model machines consists of two castings1 held together at the bottom by a large screw and dowel pins4 ,the two castings carry1 as the main parts1 the assembler gate1 retaining pawls1 the duplex rails1 the buffer parts on which the matrices strike1 the releasing pin1 the latch1 and the detaining plates4 ,the matrices1 when falling from the magazines1 are guided downward by a series of flexible partitions4 ,these partitions are thin strips fastened to the assembler plate and are bent at an angle at the bottom to cause the matrix to drop flat on an endless conveyer belt which carries them to the assembler rails4 ,these rails are so shaped that the matrices slide between them and the chute spring into the assembling elevator and are moved forward into the elevator by a star wheel4 ,as the matrix is caught by the star wheel1 it is pushed between the two assembling elevator rail pawls and seated on the elevator buffers4 ,the matrix is held in place at the bottom of the elevator by two detaining plates4 ,when these parts are in perfect condition1 the matrix will set straight in the elevator4 ,the back buffer is made of steel1 and sets flush with the edge of the back rail of the elevator4 ,the front buffer receives most of the impact of the matrices and there is not much wear to the back one1 unless the front buffer is badly worn4 ,the back buffer may be renewed if necessary4 ,the front buffer is a removable fiber plate set in the bottom and flush with the edge of the rail4 ,the purpose of this buffer is to prevent wear on the bottom lug of the matrix4 ,when the plate is worn1 it can be replaced4 ,the matrix will have a tendency to fall back on the star wheel if the buffer is worn4 ,a good way to determine whether the front buffer is worn is to run down a few matrices in the assembler1 then open the gate and observe whether the matrices near the end fall forward slightly1 dropping below the level of the rest of the line4 ,if the matrices drop very much1 a new buffer should be applied4 ,the detaining plates1 at the bottom of the assembling elevator1 are for the purpose of keeping the bottom of the matrix from falling between the assembling elevator and the assembler4 ,these plates must be kept in good condition1 and the screws which hold them kept tight1 or thin matrices will get in between the elevator and assembler1 causing trouble in assembling the line4 ,assembled at the right of the assembling elevator back rail and the gate are the two assembling elevator rail pawls4 ,these rail pawls are operated by springs1 the tension of which should be just strong enough to hold the matrix4 ,the pawls should keep the matrices from falling back on the star wheel4 ,most fonts of matrices1 up to and including #ad-point1 have two letters or characters on the casting edge4 ,the characters to be cast must be presented at the proper level in front of the mold cell4 ,to enable the operator to utilize either character instantly1 there are assembled in the front of the assembling elevator two thin duplex rails4 ,these rails are operated by small levers1 which permit the operator to assemble the matrices on the upper or lower rail1 or mix the line1 part upper and part lower4 ,rails are carried throughout the entire delivery mechanism to hold the matrices at the proper level until after the cast is made4 ,the rails are assembled on the levers and are held to position by a bar which is fastened to the elevator4 ,a liner on each end1 under the bar1 gives room for the rails to move without binding4 ,under the rails are small spiral springs which force the rails up against the bar to keep them from moving too freely when a line is being assembled4 ,the long rail has a projection out from the base that holds the line of matrices as it transfers from the elevator to the delivery channel4 ,this projection must fit into a groove in the elevator4 ,if this point becomes bent it will not permit the rail to fit1 causing bad assembling when in the regular position4 ,there is a small operating finger screwed to the long rail that comes in contact with the aligning piece fastened to the delivery channel front rail4 ,this is for the purpose of aligning the upper rails on the assembling elevator with the upper delivery channel rails when the line is in the auxiliary position4 ,if the operating finger does not come in contact with the aligning piece and raise it1 matrices in auxiliary1 or raised position1 will not pass into the delivery channel4 ,to operate the duplex rails1 determine in which position the matrices should be assembled1 and press in or pull out on the small levers1 as desired4 ,the right-hand lever controls the first half-inch of the duplex rail1 throwing it in or out4 ,if the rail is in1 the matrices are all assembled on the raised or auxiliary position4 ,if the rail is out1 the matrices are all assembled on the bottom or regular position4 ,the left-hand or the long rail fills out the balance of space in the elevator4 ,it is also connected with a small lever1 and operates the same as the short rail4 ,the rails can be moved in or out as needed for a line in the regular or auxiliary position1 or for a line partly in the regular and partly in the auxiliary position4 ,on the back of the assembling elevator at the right1 resting on an adjusting screw1 is the line delivery slide releasing wire pin4 ,this pin should release the line delivery slide just as the assembling latch catches when the elevator is raised4 ,the releasing pin raises the releasing plunger1 which in turn raises the delivery pawl1 releasing the slide4 ,this carries the assembled line through the delivery channel4 ,the pin should not release the slide until the latch1 which is found on the back of the assembling elevator1 catches on the stop bar4 ,the latch1 which is held in place by a shoulder screw and operated by a spring1 holds the elevator in raised position until the slide has carried the assembled line into the delivery channel4 ,the latch is then released by the slide as it passes to the left1 allowing the elevator to drop of its own weight to the position to receive another line4 ,if the pin is adjusted so that it will release the pawl before the latch catches1 the delivery slide will start to carry the line towards the delivery channel before the latch can hold and part of the line will fall out1 because the elevator drops as soon as released4 ,if the pin is adjusted so it will not release the pawl1 the delivery slide will not start4 ,the pin should be adjusted so it will release the delivery pawl at the same time the latch catches on the stop bar4 ,this adjustment is made by raising the elevator to its highest position and with a narrow screw-driver1 adjust to the proper height by turning the adjusting screw on which the pins rest4 ,there is a counterbalance spring attached to the assembling elevator1 underneath the keyboard frame4 ,,to ,,take ,,off ,,assembling ,,elevator ,remove the two screws which hold the delivery channel2 pull it off the dowel pins4 ,release the assembling elevator lever1 take out the four screws which hold the left-hand gib1 pull the gib off the dowel pins1 and remove the elevator4 ,on the machine that has the universal ejector1 care must be used not to bend the indicator rod when removing the delivery channel4 ,,assembler ,as the matrices descend into the assembling elevator they pass between the chute spring and the assembler chute rails4 ,the chute spring is bent and adjusted to break the fall of the matrix and tend to throw the bottom of the matrix towards the star wheel4 ,the points of the chute spring should be slightly inclined so they will not interfere with the top of the matrix striking beneath the points of the spring1 retarding the matrix long enough for the spaceband to transpose4 ,there must be room enough between these points for the spaceband to pass through without binding as it drops from the spaceband chute into the assembling elevator4 ,the chute spring must be adjusted so it will allow the heaviest matrix in the font1 such as the cap 8,w10 to slip through between it and the rails of the assembler without hesitating4 ,this adjustment is approximate2 it is sometimes necessary to change it4 ,adjust by bending above the banking piece with duck bill pliers4 ,the spring should also be flexible and as low as permitted by the banking piece which is riveted on the side1 and resting on the assembler plate4 ,be careful not to change the shape of the lower part of the spring4 ,the later style chute spring is a great improvement over the old style4 ,the length of the spring from the pivoting point to the toe assures smoothness in assembling1 and can be instantly adjusted for thin or thick matrices4 ,on this style chute spring the adjustment is made by turning a conical thumbscrew which raises or lowers the spring4 ,the matrix catch spring is fastened to the rear of the assembler plate and projects through a slot in the plate #a_/cb of an inch4 ,the purpose of this spring is to retard the matrix a trifle before it passes onto the star wheel4 ,the catch spring should be adjusted so it does not project more than #a_/cb of an inch from the plate4 ,it must also be in the center of the slot4 ,if it projects more than the distance mentioned it may cause transpositions4 ,the star wheel is driven by a friction disk and pinion4 ,the pinion slips over a small circular brass disk that is screwed onto the star wheel shaft4 ,to hold the pinion on and to cause the friction to drive the disk1 there is a spring which is held against the pinion by a nut that screws on the shaft4 ,the spring must be just strong enough to force the assembler slide over when assembling a line1 but to allow the star wheel to stop if anything binds it4 ,if the brass disk wears or becomes oily1 or the friction spring becomes weak1 a slight resistance to the star wheel will stop it and the matrices will clog in the assembler4 ,if the friction is too strong1 the star wheel will not stop when too many matrices are dropped into the assembler4 ,this will cause damage to the matrices or the machine4 ,if these parts need renewing or cleaning1 it will be necessary to remove the assembler plate from the machine4 ,this can be accomplished by removing the two screws in the assembler plate1 removing the chute spring1 if the new style1 releasing the matrix delivery belt from the pulley at the top1 slipping the assembler driving belt off the pulley1 and lifting the plate off the dowel pins4 ,by unscrewing the stud nut1 the spring and the pinion can be lifted off and the disk unscrewed and cleaned or renewed4 ,the star wheel should force the matrices inside the retaining pawls in the assembling elevator4 ,when it becomes worn to the extent that it will not force the matrices inside the retaining pawls1 it should be replaced with a new one4 ,when renewing a star wheel it is only necessary to remove the small assembler cover1 raise the assembling elevator1 remove the screw which holds the two chute plates and rails on the dowel pins1 and remove the chute plates4 ,the old star can be withdrawn and a new one fitted4 ,use a square file to dress out the hole on the new star1 but do not have it fitted too loosely4 ,use care that the star does not bind anywhere4 ,the assembler chute rails1 front and back1 are soldered to the plates1 and should be kept tightly fastened at all times4 ,they should be close to1 but not dig into1 the delivery belt4 ,the small assembler cover must be adjusted so the matrices do not strike the upper edge while passing to the assembler1 as this batters the lugs and will cause them to stick in the channels4 ,it should also be adjusted so the lower left-hand side sets close to the assembling elevator1 to prevent matrices or spacebands from getting between the cover and the assembling elevator4 ,,assembler ,,slide ,the assembler slide guides the matrices as they are forced into the assembling elevator by the star wheel4 ,this slide is prevented from vibrating by the assembler slide brake4 ,on the right end of the slide is the gauge and clamp for setting it to the required measure4 ,the gauge is marked in ems and half-ems4 ,by merely changing the clamp the slide can be adjusted to any measure desired4 ,on top of the clamp is an adjusting screw for the purpose of keeping the slide properly adjusted4 ,the proper measurement of the slide is determined by inserting a gauge or slug of any known length between the assembler slide finger and the star wheel4 ,the star wheel1 being of fiber composition1 wears down1 which in time will allow enough matrices to be assembled in the assembler to cause a tight line in the vise jaws4 ,by using the adjusting screw the slide can be kept at proper adjustment4 ,the screw should be turned towards the assembler slide bracket pawl until the gauge stops the star wheel4 ,this is a very important adjustment1 as tight lines should not be tolerated on any machine4 ,tight lines not only ruin the matrices1 but they often cause much damage to the machine4 ,they also cause much distributor and escapement trouble on account of the damage done to the matrices4 ,,assembler ,,slide ,,brake ,the assembler slide brake is at the right of the assembler1 held to the face plate by a screw1 and operated by the assembler slide brake operating lever1 spring1 and a trip4 ,the purpose of the brake is to prevent the slide from having an unsteady movement when the line is being assembled1 so that the last matrix in the elevator will be upright against the star wheel4 ,the brake should hold the assembler slide from returning to normal until released by the operating lever4 ,when the assembling elevator is in normal position it is resting on the top of the assembler slide brake operating lever near the left end1 which raises the right1 putting the brake in action4 ,when the assembling elevator is being raised1 the lug on the lower right side raises the left end of the operating lever1 lowering the right against the adjusting screw in the brake trip which releases the brake1 and allows the slide to return to its normal position4 ,when it is necessary to adjust the brake it can be adjusted with the screw in the inner end of the operating lever on the older models1 and with the screw in the brake trip on the newer1 by raising the assembling elevator slowly with the left hand and adjusting with the right so the slide will return just before the line delivery slide is released4 ,there should be about #a_/fd of an inch between the end of the screw on the operating lever1 or the trip1 and the brake lever when this adjustment is properly made4 ,there are facing blocks at the point of friction on the assembler slide brake4 ,when these blocks become worn1 they may be reversed1 bringing another corner to the point of friction4 ,the left end of the operating lever1 when raised1 should remain so until the assembling elevator has returned to its proper position4 ,if it does not1 when using a long line the instant the elevator starts to descend1 the right end of the operating lever raising would allow the brake to go into action1 and cause the assembler slide to stop before it has returned to its proper position4 ,on the back of the operating lever is a friction spring which should overcome the tension of the brake spring1 so as to have the left end of the operating lever remain in raised position until returned by the assembling elevator as it returns to normal4 ,the assembler slide is returned to normal by a long coil spring1 as soon as the brake is released4 ,do not change the tension of this spring if the slide fails to return4 ,the cause of the trouble usually will be found elsewhere4 ,,matrix ,,carrier ,,belt ,this belt moves the matrices to the assembling elevator and must be kept fairly tight4 ,it is adjusted by loosening the nut and stud which hold the upper pulley and which fit into a slotted hole2 then move the pulley to the desired position and tighten the nut4 ,if the belt is still loose when the stud is against the outer end of the slot a new belt should be applied4 ,procure a new belt from the machine manufacturer and be sure to specify the model and the number of the machine1 because the belts are of different lengths for the various models4 ,there are always particles of dirt and grease that form a gum which adheres to the pulleys and slideways along which the belt moves4 ,these parts should be kept clean and free of this gum4 ,,causes ,,of ,,bad ,,assembling ,the main sources of trouble of the assembling are transpositions and matrices jumping out of the assembler4 ,the causes of these troubles are numerous4 ,in the assembling elevator it may be caused by worn buffer strips1 detaining pawls not working properly1 or worn detaining plates4 ,on the assembler plate trouble may be caused by a worn star wheel1 dirty star wheel friction1 chute spring out of adjustment1 matrix catch spring out of adjustment1 chute rails loose from the plates2 assembler slide brake out of adjustment1 permitting the slide to vibrate2 brake catching too soon1 not allowing the slide to return all the way back2 loose screw in assembler slide operating brake1 causing the slide to bind2 or assembler slide worn or dirty1 which will not allow the brake to operate properly4 ,these are some of the principal causes of trouble1 but due to wear or the care the machine has had1 there may be numerous other causes4 ,,the ,,spacebands ,spacing and justification are accomplished on the linotype by means of the spacebands1 which are held in the spaceband box above the assembling elevator1 into which they drop when the spacebar is touched4 ,spacebands are made in two pieces1 a long wedge and a sleeve1 put together in such a manner that they slide freely the one upon the other1 but with the outer surfaces always remaining parallel4 ,the spaceband is thicker at the bottom than at the top1 forming a wedge which is automatically driven upward between the matrices1 thus increasing the space between the words1 spreading the line to fill the measure1 and holding it air-tight during the cast4 ,the sleeve of the spaceband should be turned to the right4 ,because the casting edge of the spacebands is made thicker than the opposite edge1 spacebands must not be reversed in a line1 nor two put together2 neither should a spaceband be put on the end of a line4 ,after the cast the matrices and spacebands are carried to the transfer point where the matrices are transferred from the first elevator to the bar of the second elevator1 while the spacebands1 not having combination teeth like the matrices1 are left in the channel and are returned to the spaceband box by the spaceband pawl4 ,the deep cut in the bottom of the spaceband straddles the spaceband buffer finger which guides it in its travel through the assembling elevator and lessens the possibility of turning or twisting4 ,the small pin at the bottom of the spaceband prevents it from falling apart4 ,the bottom of the spaceband is beveled so that it will strike the matrix a glancing1 but harmless1 blow as it enters the line4 ,spacebands which are generally accepted as regular are termed 8thick0 by the factory4 ,they are also made in other sizes known as 8thin10 used with very small faces of type2 and 8extra thick10 for the larger faces or where very wide spacing is desired4 ,watch matrices and spacebands carefully1 and immediately remove any damaged1 bent1 or imperfect ones4 ,a damaged matrix or spaceband will damage others1 and the whole font may go to ruin within a short time unless the proper attention is given4 ,once in each eight hours of operation1 the spacebands must be taken from the machine and polished with graphite on a soft pine board4 ,lay the spaceband flat on its face and rub it briskly backward and forward the long way of the band4 ,do not rub in a circling movement1 as it tends to round the edges4 ,metal will then cast between the spaceband and the matrix and show in print4 ,the purpose of cleaning is to remove the discoloration or metal adhering at the casting point1 and to lubricate the sliding parts4 ,if metal is allowed to accumulate on the spacebands1 it will crush the side walls of the matrices when locked up4 ,use dry graphite in polishing the spacebands4 ,never handle them with dirty or greasy hands1 as the dirt and grease will be transferred to the matrices4 ,if the metal does not rub off1 scrape it with a piece of brass rule4 ,,spaceband ,,box ,the spaceband box is fastened to the face plate by means of a screw and dowel pins4 ,the spacebands slide down through the box1 suspended by their lugs1 on two inclined rails4 ,the lower spaceband rests against a raised projection or hook on the inclined rail4 ,the bottom end of the spaceband rests against the chute plate4 ,escapement of the spaceband is effected by two pawls which lift the spacebands over the rails1 allowing them to drop into the assembling elevator4 ,the pawls are located in the right-hand side of the spaceband box1 front and back4 ,these pawls are connected to the pawl levers by the spaceband pawl lifting screws1 and held in place by the rails and pawl springs4 ,when the pawls are at their lowest position1 they are forced under the ears of the spaceband by the pawl springs4 ,the pawls get their motion in the following manner3 ,when the spaceband key is touched the cam is released and turns the same as the regular keyboard cams4 ,this raises the spaceband keyrod against the tension of the spring at the bottom of the keyrod4 ,the keyrod raises the right-hand end of the spaceband keylever4 ,this lowers the left-hand end of the keylever1 on which the box lever rests4 ,this permits the pawls and levers to drop of their own weight4 ,when the keyrod cam returns to normal1 the spring on the keyrod pulls the keyrod and the keylever to normal1 thus raising the pawls and levers by spring action4 ,the movement of the pawls is controlled by the screw in the back pawl lever which rests on the spaceband keylever4 ,when the pawls are at their lowest position1 the bottom of the slot in the adjusting screw is resting on the keylever4 ,they must go #a_/cb an inch below the inclined rails on their full down stroke4 ,to make this adjustment1 disconnect the keyboard belt from the pulley1 touch the spaceband key1 turn the rollers by hand until the pawl levers are in their lowest position1 disconnect the keylever from the adjusting screw and turn the screw4 ,the chute plate1 against which the lower right side of the spaceband rests while suspended in the spaceband box1 must be low enough so that when raised by the pawls1 the bottom of the spaceband will be released before the top2 if not1 they will catch and hang in the box4 ,whenever it is necessary to make this adjustment it can be accomplished by bending the chute plate a trifle4 ,when the first spaceband is being raised by the pawls1 the weight of the other being against it would cause the next one to raise by friction unless it were prevented4 ,this is prevented by the center bar which is fastened to a bracket at the top of the box4 ,the distance from the vertical stop on the box rails to the pins on the center bar should be just enough for one spaceband to raise1 the pins holding the second band from raising4 ,by loosening the screw in the bracket and moving the bar1 adjust so that the distance from the vertical stop on the rails to the pins is just enough to permit one spaceband to raise1 the pins holding the second one4 ,as there are three kinds of spacebands in use--thin1 thick1 and extra thick--the above adjustment can only be made so as to use one thickness at a time4 ,the two chute rails at the bottom of the chute guide the spacebands into the assembling elevator4 ,the spacebands will have a tendency to catch on the assembling elevator rails1 and not settle down in the assembler1 if the rails are worn4 ,there should be just room enough between the rails for a spaceband to slide without binding4 ,,to ,,remove ,,spaceband ,,box ,push in controlling lever4 ,take hold of cam ,no4 #a and back the cams until the second elevator descends to its safety latch4 ,hold the spaceband transfer lever with the right hand and press downward with left hand on the releasing lever in the first elevator top guide4 ,allow the spaceband transfer lever to move over into the intermediate channel4 ,push the spacebands back into the channel4 ,remove the screw on the right-hand side of the electric light bracket and move the bracket to clear the box4 ,remove the large screw in the center of the box and lift the box off the dowel pins4 ,in replacing the spaceband box1 be careful not to spring the lower end of the spaceband chute4 ,also be careful not to bend the ends of the inclined rails4 ,,spaceband ,,troubles ,transposition troubles of the spacebands may be caused by any of the following3 ,worn keyboard cam roll1 keyboard cam sluggish1 loose keyboard driving belt1 keyrod spring weak1 tongue at the bottom of spaceband chute bent too far1 worn star wheel1 pawl levers loose on the shaft1 caused by taper pins not being tight2 dirty spaceband box pawls1 pawl levers not adjusted properly1 worn pawls and rails1 chute spring out of adjustment1 chute rails worn2 also on the cam frames with the spring bar1 a weak keyboard cam yoke spring4 ,some of the causes for the spacebands not dropping are3 ,worn rails or pawls1 lifting screw holes in pawls worn1 bent spacebands1 bent ears on spacebands1 center bar out of adjustment1 keyrod spring weak or off1 dirty spaceband box pawls1 weak pawl springs1 worn rubber roll1 free end of keyboard cam yoke gummy1 pawl lever loose4 ,on the cam frames with the spring bar1 the cam yoke spring too tight2 bent hinge rod on cam yoke or trigger dirty1 or anything else that would prevent the free movement of the pawls4 ,spacebands travel through the machine suspended by their lugs4 ,constant use causes the under side of the lug to wear1 and when spacebands with badly worn lugs are mixed together with new spacebands1 difficulty frequently arises and they occasionally clog in the chute when released by touching the spacebar4 ,the only remedy is to send the offending spaceband to the factory to be repaired4 ,,spaceband ,,box ,,pawls ,,and ,,rails ,if the trouble is due to worn or dirty pawls1 they can be taken out in the following manner3 ,remove the spaceband box from the machine1 release the tension of the pawl springs by unscrewing the small screw that holds the spring1 then take out the pawl screw and lift the pawl out of the box4 ,if the pawls are to be replaced by new ones1 select two that are the same height4 ,test the pawls for height by placing a small wooden plug in the pivot hole of the two pawls4 ,the points should be the same distance from the pivot holes4 ,if the old pawls are to be used1 mark one pawl1 so that they will not get mixed2 for after they have been used1 they should be kept in their regular place4 ,measure the pawls for height and also examine them to see if the points are worn4 ,if uneven and the points dull1 they can be rubbed down on an oil stone to get them even4 ,after they are the same height1 sharpen them on an oil stone1 being careful to maintain the same bevel4 ,to work well1 the pawls must be even as to height and at the points4 ,if the pawls are rusty or gummy they can be cleaned by rubbing them on crocus cloth and polishing with graphite4 ,if the spaceband box rails are to be replaced with new ones1 the box must be taken apart4 ,remove the box from the machine4 ,remove the chute plate4 ,drive out the taper pin which holds the pawl levers to the lever shaft1 and take off the levers4 ,take out the pawls1 unscrew the two large screws1 and pry the two castings apart4 ,take off the center bar plate by removing the two round head screws4 ,remove the old rails4 ,put on the new ones by fitting them on the dowel pins1 using care to have the vertical face of the rails even4 ,it is always best to renew the pawls at the same time new rails are put on4 ,,to ,,replace ,,spaceband ,,box ,,pawls ,to replace the spaceband box pawls1 loosen the screw which holds the pawl spring to the pawl lever1 unscrew the lifting pawl screw1 place pawl in the box1 screw up on the lifting screw1 being careful to guide the screw into the hole on the pawl4 ,place the spring in the pawl slot before the pawl lift screw is drawn tight4 ,tighten the spring screw1 which holds the spring against the pawl1 until the screw is tight4 ,the pawl should rest against the back of the pawl guide firmly4 ,try the pawl to see if the spring has the proper tension and that the pawl is not bent so it does not work freely4 ,,line ,,delivery ,,slide ,the delivery slide consists of two slides which move in a slideway1 a long finger1 short finger1 delivery slide rod1 and adjusting clamp4 ,the slide is connected by a lever link1 lever1 shaft1 and split cam lever1 to a roller which operates against the surface of cam ,no4 #aj4 ,the slide gets its action1 when delivering a line1 from a strong coil spring in the column of the machine which is connected to a lug on the shaft4 ,the slide is returned to normal by cam action1 the roller being held against and following the surface of cam ,no4 #aj4 ,when the line delivery slide is in normal position1 it is prevented from sliding into the first elevator jaws by the delivery pawl1 which is under the spaceband box1 held to the face by a screw1 and operated by a spring4 ,this pawl has a notch on the lower side1 which acts as a safety to prevent the slide being pulled to the left1 in case it is not returned quite far enough for the end of the pawl to pass the catch4 ,when the slide has returned to normal position1 the short finger should go not more than #a_/af of an inch beyond the end of the pawl4 ,if the finger returns more than this distance1 the short finger will be forced against the spaceband box chute and cause it to spring1 and very likely cause delay in dropping of the spacebands4 ,the return adjustment is made by moving the split cam lever in or out4 ,first remove the spaceband box so as to have a clear view of the pawl and finger4 ,then turn the main cams by hand until just before the high part of cam ,no4 #aj is opposite the split cam lever roller4 ,place the short finger back of the delivery pawl1 in normal position4 ,hold the lever and roller against the cam and tighten the screws in the split cam lever4 ,this should cause the short finger on the slide to be returned not more than #a_/af of an inch beyond the pawl4 ,this adjustment is approximate1 however1 due to wear on the connecting parts of the slide on machines which have been in use for some time4 ,the adjustment is made on the older model machines1 which do not have the split cam lever1 by the eccentric pin on the slide lever4 ,near the right end of the first elevator jaws are two spring pawls which prevent the matrices from falling out while the line is going to casting position4 ,the short finger should stop #ac_/cb of an inch inside of the first elevator4 ,the last matrix on the right-hand end of the line will then be inside the two pawls4 ,this adjustment is made by the screw in the slideway on the left end of the face plate1 against which the slide comes to a stop4 ,when the slide stops against the adjusting screw in the slideway1 the casting mechanism will be set in action4 ,it is started by the roller on the split cam lever1 which comes in contact with the automatic stopping pawl on cam ,no4 #aj1 forcing it from the upper stopping lever1 and the machine goes into action4 ,it should not start before the line delivery slide has come to a stop against the adjusting screw on the face plate4 ,if it did1 the last matrix in the line would not be inside the spring pawls in the first elevator4 ,the plate1 which is held to the automatic stopping pawl by a screw on the lower end1 is adjustable4 ,loosening the lower and turning the upper screw to the left will move the plate closer to the split lever or roller and the machine will be set in action sooner2 moving the screw to the right1 the reverse4 ,this plate should be adjusted so as to knock the automatic stop pawl off upper stopping lever not less than #a_/fd of an inch4 ,the short finger is at the right of the slide and acts as a support for the right end of the matrix line while it is being transferred to the first elevator jaws4 ,there is a small extension at the top of the short finger which engages the delivery pawl and holds the slide in normal position until the assembling elevator is raised to send in a line4 ,the short finger is not adjustable4 ,the long finger is fastened to the left of the slide4 ,it is the support for the left end of the matrix line while it is being transferred to the vise jaws4 ,the long finger is adjusted by means of the clamp4 ,it is necessary to readjust this finger when the measure is changed4 ,the long finger must be kept straight so it hangs vertically on the machine4 ,if bent either forward or backward it will wear the assembling elevator4 ,if the bottom is bent to the right1 it may interfere with the assembler slide1 or the last matrix in the line may not get inside the first elevator jaw pawls1 thereby binding the matrix4 ,if bent to the left it will bind full lines of matrices as they are being raised by the assembling elevator and cause the slide to travel slowly4 ,the air chamber1 which regulates the speed at which the slide travels1 is fastened to the rear of the column and is connected to the split cam lever by means of a link4 ,this link is also connected to the delivery air cushion piston1 which operates in the air cylinder4 ,as the slide moves over to the left this piston is forced upward into the cylinder4 ,the speed is regulated by an air vent and cover at the top of the cylinder4 ,opening up the vent allows the air to escape quicker which in turn allows the slide to move to the left faster4 ,the slide should not go over with too much force or it will have a tendency to loosen the screws in the delivery slide4 ,the lever link1 which is the connection between the delivery slide and delivery lever1 has a stud which fastens in a depression in the delivery lever and is held by a small plate and two screws4 ,the other end of the lever has a notch that fits over a shoulder screw at the left of the rear side of the delivery slide4 ,the link is held on this screw by means of a long1 flat spring4 ,the spring holds the link on the screw except when there is an undue strain on the delivery slide caused by something interfering with the free return of the slide4 ,when the strain becomes too great1 the spring permits the link to slip off the shoulder screw1 disconnecting the slide from the lever to prevent breakage4 ,to connect the link it is only necessary to relieve the strain on the delivery slide and push the link and the shoulder screw together4 ,the slideway should be well lubricated at all times to prevent undue wear on the sliding parts4 ,dry graphite will give more uniform action than oil on the slideway4 ,if oil has been used on the slideway1 it should be thoroughly cleaned before using graphite4 ,,metal ,,pot ,the metal pot consists of the pot jacket and pot crucible4 ,the jacket is the outside casting4 ,the crucible fits into the jacket1 allowing space between the crucible and jacket for asbestos packing4 ,the crucible is held in place in the jacket by three lugs1 which keep it stationary in the jacket4 ,all the space between the crucible and jacket is packed tightly with powdered asbestos which has been mixed with a little water until a paste is formed4 ,this insulation is for the purpose of holding the heat in the crucible4 ,it is very important that every pot should be well insulated or packed4 ,if there is poor packing the crucible can not hold the heat4 ,the result being poor slugs1 and the consequent use of more gas than is necessary4 ,if the machine takes an excessive gas flame to keep the metal in working condition1 look for poor insulation4 ,the well of the pot1 which contains the metal before it is forced through the mouthpiece by the plunger1 must have sufficient metal under the plunger to form a perfect slug when a cast is made4 ,for that reason two holes are drilled in the well1 one on each side1 which allows the metal to enter the well4 ,if the holes become closed1 which they sometimes do if the well is not cleaned regularly1 the slug will be hollow4 ,they should be kept open1 using the end of the mouthpiece wiper1 which is bent at a right angle and pointed4 ,the metal pot has a capacity of #ch pounds of metal4 ,,metal ,,pot ,,plunger ,the metal is forced by the plunger from the well1 through the throat of the crucible1 into the mold cell1 and up against the line of matrices aligned in front of the mold4 ,when the machine is in normal position1 the plunger should be high enough in the well to permit the metal to run into the well through the holes in the sides4 ,if the plunger does not set above the holes1 the metal can not flow into the well and throat1 so when the line is cast the slug will appear porous or spongy and of light weight4 ,if a plunger is worn1 it will permit the metal to escape around the sides of the plunger when the cast is made1 giving a poor slug4 ,to remedy this trouble it is sometimes necessary to put in a new plunger a trifle oversize 74#jje71 and fit it to the well4 ,a dirty plunger may bind and cause a splash of metal to be ejected before the pot locks up tight and1 chilling on the back of the mold1 prevent a lockup1 so the metal will flow out over the back of the disk when the plunger acts4 ,a dirty plunger will often cause a slug to have the appearance of cold metal4 ,keep the plunger and the well of the pot clean4 ,any kind of a wire brush may be used to clean a plunger1 but the ,ewald cleaning box is recommended1 because it keeps all the dust confined in the box4 ,there are several kinds of brushes and scrapers manufactured for use in cleaning the well4 ,use whatever method desired1 but be sure it keeps the well clean4 ,if using a rotary well brush to clean the walls of the well1 be sure to turn it always to the right1 otherwise the bristles may break off and stay in the well4 ,if a plunger should stick in the well very tightly1 raise the temperature a little1 apply a wrench to the plunger rod and twist it carefully4 ,do not use too much force or the rod may be broken4 ,if a plunger sticks so that it can not be removed by the above method1 dip enough metal out of the crucible to expose the well2 squirt some oil between the plunger and the inside wall of the well1 or drop a piece of tallow in the well2 let it stand for a few minutes1 after which the plunger can usually be loosened with the wrench as described4 ,do not pry up on the plunger for there is danger of breaking the rod4 ,when the plunger forces the metal through the throat of the crucible1 there will be nothing to retard the flow of metal against the face of the matrices if the throat of the crucible is clean4 ,however1 if the throat should be stopped up with dross or dirt1 retarding the flow of metal1 the face of the slug would be glassy1 and have the appearance of cold metal4 ,,cleaning ,,the ,,throat ,,of ,,crucible ,to eliminate a stoppage in the throat it is sometimes necessary to remove the mouthpiece and scrape out the throat1 using a throat scraper to cut away the accumulation of dirt and dross4 ,the scraper sold by the ,linotype ,company is recommended for the purpose4 ,care must be used to get the throat clean4 ,hold a receptacle that does not leak up in front of the crucible mouth and force the plunger down by hand4 ,this will flush the throat of any floating particles of dross4 ,sometimes melted tallow1 paraffin oil1 or machine oil will open up the throat1 by being used in the following manner3 ,dip the metal out of the pot to about an inch below the top of the well1 remove the plunger1 pour the melted tallow1 paraffin oil1 or machine oil into the well and replace the plunger4 ,cast a few blank slugs4 ,after casting about six or seven slugs1 fill the metal pot full of metal1 recast blank slugs until you have filled the stick4 ,the effect of the tallow or oil is to break up the dross and dirt into such fine particles1 that whatever has accumulated in the throat will be forced out through the holes in the mouthpiece4 ,this will cause considerable smoke in the room unless you have a ventilating system4 ,be sure to clean your vise jaws and mold after you have finished1 for they will be covered with oil4 ,it is not necessary to remove the mouthpiece for this operation so consequently considerable time can be saved4 ,but if the throat is very dirty1 this method will not work satisfactorily4 ,,cracked ,,crucible ,crucibles are sometimes cracked from too much heat when the gas is first lighted4 ,when the gas is turned on full at first1 the metal in the bottom of the pot is melted before the metal in the upper part gets very hot4 ,this metal in the bottom expands and powerful pressure is exerted on the walls of the well and lower part of the crucible4 ,to eliminate this danger the gas should be turned on about half force for about twenty minutes1 or until the metal becomes warm and expanded1 after which the gas may be turned on full force4 ,ordinarily it takes about one hour and a half to melt the metal and have it ready for use4 ,the small cracks which are made in the bottom of the crucible when first heating the pot will usually be closed by the heat of the burner after the pressure is released4 ,to remove an old crucible3 ,dip out as much metal as possible1 turn out the fire1 remove the four pot jacket cover screws1 take off the cover1 dig out part of the old asbestos1 release the screw that clamps the left-hand crucible lug to the jacket1 lift out the crucible1 clean all of the old asbestos out of the inside of the jacket4 ,to put in a new crucible3 ,the pot jacket should be lined with the asbestos about an inch thick on the inside1 except in the front part where the burners are located4 ,place the crucible in position4 ,care should be taken to see that it fits firmly in its proper position4 ,pack the asbestos around the crucible1 tamping it down with a stick1 and filling in all the spaces4 ,cover the well of the crucible with a rag while packing1 so that none of the asbestos will get into the well4 ,on completion of the packing1 place the pot jacket cover in position1 and fasten it down firmly with the four pot jacket screws1 which extend down through the cover1 into the pot jacket4 ,,mouthpieces ,one of the most important parts of the pot crucible1 is the mouthpiece4 ,the mouthpiece on all standard machines contains thirty holes 7size #ea71 one hole for each pica of the slug1 through which the metal flows into the mold cell to form a slug4 ,at the present time there are two styles of mouthpieces in general use3 ,the wedge mouthpiece which has a gib or wedge to fasten it in the slot of the crucible to make a tight fit2 and the screw mouthpiece which fastens on to the crucible by means of screws4 ,on all mouthpieces small cross vents are cut downward between each of the holes4 ,there is also a vent which is cut from the first hole on the right-hand end of the mouthpiece4 ,the cross vents allow the air to escape from the mold cell as the metal is forced in4 ,these vents play a very important part in the casting of good slugs4 ,if the vents are stopped up with dross or cold metal1 the air can not escape from the mold cell4 ,this causes a slug with air bubbles1 making a light-weight slug4 ,these air bubbles1 when near the face of the type1 allow the letters to be crushed in when put under pressure on the press4 ,also1 the entire slug may be forced down1 causing much delay in printing4 ,care must be taken in cutting the vents in a mouthpiece so they do not extend very far above the top of the holes in the mouthpiece and that they are not too deep4 ,they should be deep in the center and come to a very fine edge at the ends4 ,all that is needed is to get the air out of the mold quickly4 ,ordinarily this can be accomplished by cleaning the vents with a sharp pointed scraper but be careful not to mar the mouthpiece4 ,when the vents are opened properly there should be a sprue of metal below the vents on the back of the mold about to of an inch long after the slug is cast4 ,a vent that is cut too deep will have too much sprue1 causing an unnecessary amount of shavings on the floor and about the machine1 and sometimes causing machine troubles4 ,it should seldom be necessary to drill out the holes in a mouthpiece4 ,if the metal is properly cared for in remelting1 and the mouthpiece is kept at the proper temperature1 the metal will usually flow freely through the holes4 ,however1 if it is found necessary to drill out the holes1 never use larger than a #a_/af inch or ,no4 #ea drill1 which will not make the holes larger than their original size4 ,when using the drill1 it should be immersed in oil after each hole is drilled1 to prevent the drill from becoming too hot and breaking off in the hole4 ,enlarging the mouthpiece holes will work satisfactorily on large faces #h-point or above2 but when the smaller faces are used the product will not have a clear-cut face4 ,,to ,,remove ,a ,,mouthpiece ,when it is necessary to remove a mouthpiece for cleaning out the throat of the crucible1 mark a line on the face of the crucible to align with the first hole on the right end of the mouthpiece4 ,when replacing the mouthpiece the line will be your guide4 ,by so adjusting there will be a full hole on each end of the slug when casting the different lengths1 with the exception of half-pica measures4 ,a hole on the adjustable or left end being partly covered by the liner in the mold would cause no trouble4 ,if part of the first hole should be covered by the constant liner1 the first letter on the right end of the slug would be blurred1 or would not cast sharply1 because the metal cools quickly on the ends of the mold1 and a full1 free flow is necessary4 ,the mouthpiece should always be removed when the metal is hot4 ,if removed when cold there would be danger of breaking the pot crucible4 ,when removing the wedge style mouthpiece1 place the vise in second position1 lift out the mold slide1 place a block of wood between the right side of the pot jacket and the slideway1 drive the mouthpiece toward the keyboard1 using a piece of brass as a drift4 ,the above operation is necessary to loosen the wedge4 ,the instant the mouthpiece moves1 the wedge will become loose and can be lifted out4 ,another method of removal is to grip the left-hand end of the gib with a pair of pliers1 pulling the end of the gib forward and wrapping it around the pliers1 prying against a piece of brass rule placed along the face of the mouthpiece4 ,care must be used in this method to hold the pliers at such an angle that the lip of the crucible will not be damaged while removing the gib4 ,always have a new gib on hand before removing a mouthpiece1 for it is difficult to use an old one in replacing a mouthpiece4 ,in replacing an old mouthpiece1 extreme care must be taken to see that it is perfectly clean and straight4 ,clean the mouthpiece thoroughly and with a straight-edge test the mouthpiece to see that it is straight4 ,if not1 straighten it1 being careful not to damage4 ,this need not be done with a new mouthpiece4 ,before placing the mouthpiece in the crucible1 remove the left-hand vise locking stud nut and pull out the stud4 ,be careful not to lose the small brass washer which is on the stud4 ,the removal of the stud permits the sliding in of the mouthpiece easily4 ,the lips and the slot of the crucible1 which are the seat for the mouthpiece1 must be entirely free from all dirt and dross or the mouthpiece can not seat properly4 ,it is best to fit a mouthpiece to its seat by placing a very thin coating of fine emery and oil 7fine valve grinding compound is good7 on the back and top part of the mouthpiece4 ,this method cleans the seat of all the accumulated dross and dirt4 ,place the mouthpiece in position in the pot so the top of mouthpiece is against the top seat and move back and forth1 bearing lightly against the mouthpiece1 until the high spots are ground down1 so as to have the seat straight4 ,when doing this1 care must be taken not to get the paste on any other part of the machine1 as it might cause trouble4 ,the metal should be at casting temperature while fitting a mouthpiece4 ,to hold the mouthpiece for this operation1 procure a piece of wood furniture the same width and length of the mouthpiece1 fasten this to the mouthpiece by driving a headless brad in each end of the wood directly in line with the last hole on each end of the mouthpiece4 ,by placing the wood on the mouthpiece the brads pass through the two holes and make a very serviceable holder4 ,after fitting the mouthpiece1 thoroughly clean all parts of the crucible lip1 slot1 and mouthpiece4 ,the least particle of grit may cause trouble4 ,fit the gib by dressing it1 so that it will drive far enough to the right to make a tight fit4 ,cover the top and bottom with a thin coating of red lead and oil4 ,place the mouthpiece in position1 the first hole in line with the mark on the crucible4 ,insert the wedge in the lower side and push it in as far as possible with a pair of pliers4 ,then drive in the gib so as to secure the mouthpiece firmly4 ,be careful that the mouthpiece does not move as the gib is being driven in4 ,lay a brass rule against the whole length of the gib and tap lightly with a hammer to firmly locate the gib on the seat1 and at the same time1 bring the outer edge of the gib slightly below the face of the mouthpiece4 ,after driving the mouthpiece to its proper position see that the ends are not burred2 if so1 file them off1 as they might prevent the mouthpiece from locking up properly against the mold1 and cause a back squirt4 ,the screw mouthpiece is held to the crucible by #ac screws4 ,the screw holes in the mouthpiece are counter-sunk so the heads of these screws will not extend beyond the face of the mouthpiece4 ,to remove the screw style mouthpiece from the crucible1 use the pot mouth screw loosener obtainable from the ,linotype ,company4 ,fit the loosener in the groove of the screw and tap the head with a hammer4 ,as the screws will be tight1 due to the heat and dross1 this tapping will loosen them without damaging the screw heads4 ,the screws can then be removed with a screw-driver4 ,some features of the new mouthpiece are3 ,there is no danger of breaking the lips of the crucible by driving the wedge in too far2 it also eliminates the possibilities of battering the ends of the mouthpiece1 as with the wedge style2 leaking around the mouthpiece and improper setting when taken off and replaced is less likely to occur4 ,due to the width of the face1 one mouthpiece is sufficient for a slug of any size4 ,this eliminates the necessity for a special mouthpiece for display1 which was necessary with the older models4 ,before replacing a screw mouthpiece be sure to thoroughly clean the surface of the crucible and the back of the mouthpiece of all dirt and dross4 ,place a thin coating of red lead and oil on the back of the mouthpiece and place it in position4 ,tighten the screws gradually1 beginning at the ends and working toward the center4 ,,metal ,,pot ,,adjustments ,there are two pot leg bushings which fit over the vise frame shaft and project up into the fork of the pot leg4 ,these support the metal pot and hold it in position to lock up with the mold4 ,the position of the pot in relation to the mouthpiece is determined by four adjusting screws in each pot leg and bearing against the bushings4 ,these screws permit the proper alignment of the mold and mouthpiece4 ,the holes in the mouthpiece1 through which the metal passes to the mold cell1 should align with the smooth or constant side of the slug1 as this side of the mold always remains in the same position4 ,when using the mold liners for the different points of thickness of slugs1 the position of the mold cap changes4 ,if the holes should align with the rib side of a slug of large size1 when changing to #f-point slug the mold cap would cover the holes1 thus shutting off the flow of metal and causing an imperfect lockup or imperfect slugs4 ,the two screws at the top and bottom of each pot leg are for the purpose of aligning the holes in the mouthpiece with the constant side of the mold4 ,to make this adjustment1 remove the mold and take it apart4 ,clean thoroughly the mold and mold pocket4 ,leave the cap off and place the constant part of the mold back in the pocket with a #cj-;em left-hand liner and a constant right-hand liner in the mold4 ,remove the plunger pin for safety4 ,turn the machine until the first elevator rests on the vise cap4 ,the mold should now be in front of the mouthpiece4 ,raise the first elevator1 holding it up with a piece of wood1 one end under the head of the slide and the other on the upper end of the vise automatic stop rod4 ,close the vise4 ,unlock the mold cam lever1 move the mold disk forward by hand so the locking studs can enter the bushings4 ,turn the machine by hand until the mouthpiece advances against the mold4 ,release the two front adjusting screws a trifle so the pot legs can move freely while making the adjustment4 ,release the lock nuts and move the top and bottom screws until the bottom of the holes in the mouthpiece are in line with the constant part of the mold1 and the two end holes are showing within the liners4 ,tighten the lock nuts and the front adjusting screws after finishing the adjustment4 ,a great amount of lockup trouble is caused by the mouthpiece on the metal pot not locking up squarely against the mold1 due to the front and back pot leg screws being out of adjustment or the mouthpiece being warped4 ,to adjust the pot legs so the mouthpiece will lock up squarely with the mold1 place the machine and the mold 7without the cap7 and the #cj-;em liners in the same position as when adjusting the height1 but have the mold cam lever connected to the mold slide4 ,leave a little space between the mold and the mouthpiece4 ,place a piece of tissue paper at each end of the mold between the mold and the mouthpiece4 ,have the paper just inside the ends of the liners4 ,turn the machine forward until the pump lever is ready to go down for the cast4 ,be sure the plunger pin has been removed1 to prevent accidentally forcing the metal out of the pot4 ,if the left-hand paper should be tight and the right-hand paper loose1 loosen the front pot screw at the left and turn in on the back screw4 ,this will move the left end of the mouthpiece farther back4 ,adjust with the front and back screws in this manner until both papers are held tightly4 ,after completing the adjustment1 replace the cap on the mold and turn the machine to normal position4 ,another method of testing the pot lockup is to let the machine make the quarter revolution which brings the mold in front of the mouthpiece4 ,disconnect the mold lever and pull the mold slide forward4 ,apply a thin even coating of a mixture of red lead and oil1 or printers' ink1 to the back of the mold4 ,be sure to have the mold clean4 ,hold out the mold disk driving pinion1 so the disk will not revolve1 and let the machine run around without casting4 ,the mixture will transfer from the mold to the mouthpiece4 ,if the mouthpiece is touching only on one end of the mold it can be adjusted by the screws in the sides of the pot legs4 ,adjust them to swing the crucible to bring about a tight fit1 repeating the above test until the transfer is registering evenly the full length of the mouthpiece4 ,after each test wipe off the mouthpiece and mold1 for any oil or too much red lead or ink would give a false impression4 ,if the mouthpiece touches at both ends and not in the center or in the center and not on the ends1 it indicates that the mouthpiece is warped and the above adjustments would not be satisfactory4 ,when the mouthpiece is warped or high1 it is necessary to take out the high spots with a fine file or an oil stone4 ,take off a very little of the surface at a time and repeat the tests with the red lead until a proper lockup is secured all the way across the mouthpiece4 ,after fitting up a mouthpiece in this manner1 the vents should be cut to their original depth4 ,after making the pot adjustments1 test the mold slide adjustment to make sure that it brings the face of the mold to within 4#jaj of an inch from the face of the matrices4 ,see that the pot lever has the #a_/af of an inch play needed during lockup4 ,be sure the washers on the pot lever shaft are so placed that the sides of the lever do not bear on the cams4 ,,pot ,,lever ,the pot lever is located directly back of the metal pot and1 through cam ,no4 #h and the pot cam roller1 gives the pot its forward and backward action4 ,there is a cushion spring on the pot lever eyebolt that connects the lower end of the pot lever to the pot jacket4 ,this spring gives the lockup of the pot and mold and takes up all excess motion of the lever during the lockup4 ,there is a short piece of pipe pinned to the eyebolt inside of the spring1 which prevents having too much tension on the spring4 ,the nut on the front is the adjusting nut4 ,this nut has a washer next to the spring1 to keep the spring from being forced over the head of the nut4 ,this nut should be tight against the pipe4 ,with the end of the rear nut against the pipe on the bolt1 there should be #a_/af of an inch from the back of the pot lever to the head of the nut when the machine is in casting position4 ,this #a_/af of an inch adjustment gives the correct lockup to the pot and also prevents breaking the lever by too much pressure4 ,the pot lever spring should be examined frequently1 as back squirts will be caused by a spring which is broken or worn4 ,this trouble is caused by not giving pressure enough to the mouthpiece when it is being locked against the mold for the cast4 ,a lever spring weak1 worn1 or out of adjustment will also cause an uneven height of the matrices1 due to the lack of pressure during the cast4 ,when it is necessary to remove a pot lever spring1 pull the pot forward by hand1 place a support beneath the pot jacket to hold the pot lever roll off the cam4 ,remove the pot balancing spring1 take off the rear nut on the eyebolt and push back on the lever4 ,the spring can then be removed4 ,the roller in the pot lever has nine anti-friction roller bearings4 ,these rollers should frequently be examined for wear1 and if found worn should be renewed1 because a set of worn anti-friction rollers will also cause an imperfect lockup4 ,when renewing these rollers1 put in all nine new ones4 ,if a roller is worn or broken1 or the bearing pin or pot lever roller worn1 there will be play between the lever and cam1 which will prevent a tight lockup4 ,to take out the pot lever3 ,pull the pot forward by hand1 place a support beneath the pot jacket1 remove the balancing spring1 loosen the screw in the upper shaft bearing1 and pull the shaft out4 ,on the upper shaft bearing on each side of the pot lever1 are washers of varying thickness4 ,these washers are for the purpose of adjusting the pot lever sidewise so it will not bind on the main cams4 ,when taking out this shaft be careful that the washers are not lost or mixed4 ,take out the wing pin that holds the eyebolt to the pot jacket4 ,place the lever on the bench and take out roller bearings by releasing the set screw and pulling out the roller pin4 ,before replacing the bearings1 in the lower roller1 coat them with vaseline or hard grease4 ,by placing a small piece of an old keyboard rubber roll in the hole1 so the bearings fit around it1 they will be held in place until the pin is slipped through4 ,the pin will force the rubber out4 ,fastened to the back of the pot lever1 at the right-hand side1 is the pot return cam shoe4 ,as the main cams revolve1 the pot return cam1 fastened to cam ,no4 #i1 comes in contact with the shoe1 pulling the pot away from the mold after the slug has been cast4 ,,removing ,a ,,pot ,to remove a pot from a machine3 ,remove the plunger1 dip as much metal out of the pot as possible4 ,lower the first elevator to the vise cap1 and let vise down to second position4 ,remove the mold slide4 ,take off the pot leg caps4 ,loosen the front adjusting screws in the pot legs4 ,loosen the nut on the pot lever eyebolt1 to release the spring tension4 ,take out the pot lever shaft1 and remove the pot lever4 ,take off the mold disk shield and pump stop bracket4 ,the pot can then be lifted out by placing a rope through the supports on the jacket for the pot lever shaft1 so that the pot can be raised up while it is being guided out of the machine by taking hold of the bottom of the pot legs4 ,,slug ,,troubles ,an imperfect face on slugs could be caused by any of the following3 ,holes in the mouthpiece not inside the slug line1 holes in the mouthpiece closed1 or partly so2 vents in the mouthpiece filled up1 or insufficient ventage2 dross in the throat of the pot back of the mouthpiece1 mold cell rough inside1 due to being damaged2 mold cell dirty or oily1 inferior metal1 holes from the pot to the well stopped up1 plunger not clearing the well holes1 plunger or pot well dirty1 governor not working properly1 temperature of the metal not adapted to the size of slug being cast1 cold metal4 ,too large a hole in the mouthpiece will give a small slug an imperfect face4 ,when the slug is cold1 the body of the slug may be solid and have a stringy or flaky appearance1 and the face may be imperfect1 some of the letters being poorly cast or blurred4 ,the base of the slug usually will be good4 ,when the slug is too hot the face is good1 but the body is hollow and spongy and the slug is light4 ,it is imperfectly formed1 due to the heat of the metal4 ,a bright bottom on a slug shows that the mold knife has trimmed a thin layer of metal from the bottom of the slug1 due to an imperfect lockup1 the excess metal running over the bottom of the mold4 ,if the mouthpiece makes a perfect contact with the mold at the moment of casting1 there will be no excess metal and the slug will show a clean bottom4 ,an imperfect lockup can be caused by any of the following3 ,cold metal due to low gas pressure1 dirty burners1 gas burning in mixer1 improper packing around the mouthpiece1 or improperly packed metal pot2 hot metal1 too much metal in the pot1 dirty plunger or well1 air vents cut too deep1 air vents cut too high above holes1 dull mold knife1 pot cam lever roller or bearing pin worn1 pot lever not working freely on the lever shaft1 due to gum or lack of oil2 metal on the bottom of the mold1 mold knife out of adjustment1 mold disk guide out of adjustment1 leaky mouthpiece1 warped mold1 pot lever spring weak or broken1 accumulation of metal back of the mold disk1 mold cap guides bent1 loose stay bolt1 loose adjusting screws on pot legs4 ,,gasoline ,,burner ,there are three methods commonly used to heat a metal pot3 ,gasoline burner1 gas burner1 and electric heater4 ,the gasoline burner in most cases is undesirable on account of cost1 time1 and fire hazard2 but through the lack of electrical current or gas it must sometimes be used4 ,there is a burner designed for either gasoline or kerosene by the ,linotype ,company4 ,this burner will give complete combustion in burning either gasoline or kerosene4 ,it has no threaded joints and1 therefore1 no joints to leak4 ,it is equipped with a positive mouthpiece burner and control4 ,this burner can be taken apart for cleaning without removing any screws4 ,the fuel is forced to the burner from a pressure tank4 ,with this improved mouthpiece burner control1 the burner may be adjusted for a slug of any size4 ,the best results can be obtained from a gasoline or kerosene burner by keeping it clean4 ,,gas ,,burners ,the gas burner used to heat the metal pot is made up of three sections4 ,the largest burner heats the main part of the pot4 ,another pipe leads up to heat the throat1 and a small burner heats the mouthpiece4 ,the pot and throat burners are held near the pot by a rod which passes through the pot jacket and under the pot burner4 ,the mouthpiece burner is held in place by a support and a screw which extends into the pot jacket4 ,the gas enters the burners through the pot gas burner cocks4 ,the gas cock that feeds the pot burner has a larger inlet hole than those of the throat or the mouthpiece burners1 because more gas is required for the pot burner4 ,the inlet holes must be kept open and free from soot and metal1 but should never be drilled larger at any time4 ,should you find a burner tip that has been drilled1 a new tip should be applied by driving out the old tip and inserting a new one4 ,as the gas leaves the gas cock it passes through the air mixer4 ,the air mixer is open on the bottom side and allows a flow of air to mix with the gas4 ,unless the gas is mixed with the proper amount of air it will not make sufficient heat under the pot4 ,do not at any time allow the gas to burn in the mixer4 ,sometimes when lighting the gas or when the pressure is low the flame may light in the mixer4 ,it should then be turned out and relighted1 holding a flame near the burner4 ,should the gas be allowed to burn in the mixer the heat will be lost before it reaches the burner2 and furthermore1 the burner will soon become clogged with soot4 ,from the mixer1 the gas passes upward into the pot burner4 ,the pot burner consists of a circular shaped chamber which is covered with a flat plate4 ,the top rim of the chamber is notched1 which allows the gas to flow out around the top plate1 forming a very hot flame4 ,the flame from the burner should be of a bluish appearance4 ,a dirty burner will cause a yellow flame4 ,there is very little heat in a yellow flame1 and when the burner shows a yellow flame1 it usually indicates a dirty burner or a fire in the mixer4 ,a very important part of the burner is the top plate4 ,when this plate becomes warped or badly burned it should be replaced with a new one4 ,two pipes lead out from the front end of the pot burner to carry a flame up under the crucible throat4 ,these pipes are fed through the front gas cock4 ,the gas passes through a separate chamber in the front side of the pot burner4 ,it is very essential that these burners are working properly as they keep the metal hot in the throat of the crucible4 ,the mouthpiece burner consists of a small pipe into which holes have been drilled to allow the gas to escape4 ,this burner extends underneath the mouth of the crucible the full length of the mouthpiece4 ,there are two extra holes on the right-hand end to give a little more flow of gas at that point4 ,the holes should never be reamed out larger1 but should be kept clean and free from soot or metal4 ,metal sometimes gets through the holes and partly fills the pipe4 ,this retards the free flow of gas and causes loss of heat to the mouthpiece4 ,good slugs from a machine are to a great extent dependent on good1 clean burners4 ,only experience on various machines will enable one to tell just how much flame to carry in each burner on a machine4 ,the governor should regulate the pot and throat burners1 when once adjusted4 ,however1 it is better for the operator to regulate the mouthpiece burner with the gas cock1 according to the size of the slug being cast4 ,,gas ,,pot ,,hints ,keep gas tips clean and round4 ,a blue flame is the heating flame4 ,watch the mouthpiece burner4 ,clean out metal and dross which forms there due to metal dripping from the mouthpiece4 ,if the mouthpiece burner does not give a long1 blue flame after cleaning1 procure a new mouthpiece burner and replace the old one4 ,a yellow flame indicates too little air in the mixture4 ,this can be caused from too large a hole in the gas tip1 air inlet partly closed1 dirty burners1 or gas burning in the mixer4 ,sometimes the hole in the tip of the gas cock is too large4 ,the hole can be paned with a small hammer and reamed out with a small broach to the proper size4 ,the pot burner top plate is fastened by four stove bolts4 ,these bolts become charred and brittle from the heat1 and the nuts will be very hard to start4 ,have a few of these bolts on hand when changing the plates1 because the plate must fit tightly to the burner to obtain the best results4 ,good slugs can not be produced with dirty burners4 ,keep them clean4 ,it is better to spend ten or fifteen minutes cleaning the burners than to lose an hour trying to regulate the temperature of the metal4 ,,to ,,remove ,,the ,,gas ,,burners ,disconnect the hose on the older styles or the gas pipe union on the newer styles4 ,separate the mouthpiece burner from the crucible at the sleeve4 7,this operation is not necessary on the thermostat connections47 ,pull out the rod which holds the burners in place and lift them out4 ,to remove the mouthpiece burner1 take out the screw which holds the support to the jacket of the pot1 slip the connecting sleeve back1 and pull the burner to the left4 ,,pressure ,,governor ,the pressure governor is used to control the flow of gas to the machine and to keep it at an even pressure4 ,the governor is placed on the main gas line so the gas must pass through it before flowing to the machine4 ,it is not necessary to have a pressure governor on each machine1 for where there is more than one machine1 a governor large enough to supply any amount may be secured4 ,the gas enters through a valve in the bottom of the governor and passes up into the supply chamber4 ,from the supply chamber the gas flows out to the machine burner4 ,the pressure in the supply chamber is regulated by an inverted cup float4 ,the lower rim of the float is immersed in mercury1 which causes the cup to float and also acts as a seal to prevent the gas escaping through the top of the governor4 ,weights are placed on top of the float to counterbalance the gas pressure4 ,fastened to the float is a rod which passes through the gas chamber4 ,this rod connects to and operates the valve in the inlet opening4 ,when the gas pressure is increased it raises the float by its pressure4 ,when the float raises1 it at the same time raises the valve in the intake1 which decreases the opening through which the gas enters4 ,should the pressure in the main fall off1 the float sinks deeper into the mercury1 and the opening in the valve is opened1 permitting a greater flow of gas4 ,thus the pressure in the gas chamber is held uniform1 because the greater the pressure on the float1 the smaller the opening for the gas to enter4 ,to regulate the pressure1 place weights on the float until sufficient gas flows to the burners to give a good flame4 ,,mercury ,,gas ,,governor ,in a governor of this style1 the gas from the main line passes through the upper pipe1 down through the internal tube1 and escapes between the end of this tube and a column of mercury in the mercury tube1 passing up behind the internal tube1 and out through the lower pipe to the burners4 ,to prepare the governor for use1 remove the adjusting rod and pour in mercury until it rises in the mercury tube almost to the lower end of the internal tube1 which can be seen through the glass disk at the side of the governor4 ,when the metal in the pot reaches the proper temperature1 the surface of the mercury stands at the lower end of the internal tube1 but a notch in the side of this tube above the mercury permits a flow of gas sufficient to prevent shutting the gas entirely off underneath the pot4 ,when the temperature falls1 the mercury in the holder and column will be cooled1 and its surface lowered in the tube4 ,this will allow an increased flow of gas to the burner until the temperature of the pot is raised to the proper point4 ,the regulation of the governor is effected by moving the adjusting rod in or out4 ,if the temperature in the pot is too high and the mercury fails to close the tube1 the adjusting rod must be moved in until the mercury raises in the tube4 ,if the temperature in the pot is too low1 the mercury closes the tube before the proper temperature is reached in the pot4 ,thus the rod must be moved out until the mercury is lowered from the top of the tube to the proper extent4 ,,thermostat ,,gas ,,governor ,the supply of gas at the burners is controlled by the expansion and contraction of rods immersed in the molten metal in the crucible at the left-hand side of the metal pot4 ,these rods are of a special alloy1 which is extremely sensitive to variations of heat4 ,no mercury is used1 so that the governor is not affected by the pressure of the gas at any time4 ,the principle upon which the thermostat is built1 is the difference in expansion of two metals under heat4 ,the part of the thermostat which is immersed in the metal is made of cast iron and has a hole or pocket in which the rod of composition metal sets4 ,the upper end pushes against a hinged lever2 the other end of this lever operates a valve plunger4 ,the expansion of the thermostat rod being greater than cast iron1 raises the valve lever1 which forces down the valve plunger1 seating the plunger nearer the valve seat4 ,this cuts down the flow of gas to the burners4 ,the rod contracts as the metal cools1 and allows the valve spring to open the valve4 ,underneath the valve rod cap and encircling the valve rod1 is a spiral spring which raises the valve rod as the expansion rod contracts1 which opens the gas inlet1 and also keeps the expansion rod pushed to the bottom of the pocket4 ,in the lower end of the valve is a hole to prevent the burner going out if valve is entirely closed4 ,this hole must not be enlarged4 ,the valve adjusting screw is slotted and has a setscrew inserted through the valve lever to keep the adjusting screw from turning4 ,between the head of the adjusting screw and under part of the lever is a spring which forces the head of adjusting screw against the cap of the valve4 ,when tightening up on the adjusting nut the spring closes1 releasing some of the pressure on the valve1 permitting more gas to pass the valve4 ,by loosening the adjusting nut the spring expands1 forcing the valve down1 cutting down the flow of gas to the burners4 ,to adjust thermostat1 if metal is not hot enough1 raise the adjusting screw by turning the adjusting nut farther down2 if the metal is too hot1 unscrew adjusting nut1 allowing the adjusting screw to force the valve farther down4 ,the screw in the top of the expansion rod is for the purpose of making the rod longer1 should occasion require4 ,do not change this screw unless necessary4 ,there are two sets of rods and valves on the regular equipment4 ,one set regulates the gas to the pot burners and the other regulates the gas to the mouthpiece burner4 ,experience has shown that it is impractical to regulate the mouthpiece from the crucible1 so cut off this part of the regulation and use a gas burner cock4 ,,electric ,,pot ,,definitions ,the circuit is that part of the equipment such as copper wires1 resistance wires1 switches1 etc41 which is intended to carry electric current4 ,they are all insulated from the frame of the pot4 ,the current is the electricity passing through the equipment4 ,amperes is the volume of current passing through4 ,volts is the strength or pressure of the current4 ,a watt is the product of the volts multiplied by the amperes4 ,a kilowatt is #a1jjj watts4 ,a kilowatt hour is one kilowatt of current used for one hour4 ,a ground is a bare part of the electric circuit accidentally touching the frame of the pot4 ,a short circuit is one or more grounds which will allow the current to take a shorter path4 ,an open is an interruption in the electric circuit such as a broken wire1 etc4 ,resistance is an obstruction in the electric circuit retarding the flow of current4 ,series connection means that two or more units are connected in line with each other4 ,current enters one terminal1 passes through the windings1 out of the other terminal1 and directly into the next unit1 through its windings1 and out to the opposite side of the line4 ,parallel or multiple connection means that two or more units are wired in such a way that each makes a complete circuit of themselves4 ,current enters a unit1 passing through its windings1 and directly back to the line4 ,shunt--,a conductor joining two points in a circuit and designed to divert part of the current4 ,an electrical circuit carrying current can best be simply explained by considering an iron pipe through which water is flowing under pressure4 ,the pipe represents the circuit1 and water passing through it represents the current4 ,the volume of water flowing represents the amperes1 and the pressure of the water represents the volts4 ,a leak which allows the water to escape represents a short circuit1 and a valve in the pipe partially closed represents resistance4 ,,electric ,,pot ,the electrical equipment consists of four heaters1 a dynamic thermometer1 and a unit control panel4 ,the passage of electric current through the windings inside the heaters generates heat which melts the metal in the crucible and raises it to the proper operating temperature1 while the dynamic thermometer and the magnetic switch on the control panel operate to keep the metal at this predetermined temperature4 ,these equipments are either #aaj to #abj volts or #baj to #bbj volts1 direct current or alternating current4 ,the crucible heaters are the same for all voltages2 they are connected in 8series0 for #bjj-volt to #bej-volt circuits and in 8parallel0 for #ajj-volt to #abe-volt circuits4 ,they are immersed directly in the metal and partially surround the pump-well1 heating the metal by direct contact4 ,the heating element or resistor of these heaters is composed of resistant ribbon wound on strips of clear mica4 ,strips of mica entirely surround the resistor1 completely insulating it from the metal parts of the pot4 ,the resistors are protected by strong metal casings which surround them4 ,they are not subject to wear and tear in normal service4 ,heating the metal by direct contact from within the metal itself by these heaters1 makes a very efficient equipment1 as all of the heat generated is immediately transmitted to the metal exactly where it is required1 and there is no loss of heat due to faulty conduction4 ,the dynamic thermometer bulb being immersed in the metal adjacent to the heaters and the pump-well1 permits of a very close temperature regulation4 ,as these heaters extend nearly the full height of the metal in the crucible and pass down through the top of the metal1 there is no possibility of cracking a crucible4 ,when the metal begins to heat1 it is that portion in direct contact with the heaters which first becomes molten4 ,internal pressure is relieved by this melted pathway and the molten metal will flow to the top of the pot4 ,it is important that the pot never be filled with metal above the under side of the ring which is cast on the inside of the crucible4 ,if the crucible is filled above this ring1 metal may splash over into the heating insulating material and touch the electric terminals1 grounding them4 ,the crucible heater must be entirely covered with metal at all times4 ,if they are not1 that portion that is exposed to the air will get very hot and continued exposure will burn them out1 destroying them4 ,they are not designed for operation in the air4 ,do not pry around the units with a screwdriver or pound on them1 if the metal envelope is punctured1 molten metal will immediately enter1 grounding the element and destroying the unit4 ,the temperature in the crucible is controlled by an adjustable dynamic thermometer mounted on the side of the pot1 and which operates a switch in the control panel1 turning the current on and off as needed4 ,the bulb and tube of this thermometer contain mercury and the bulb is immersed in the metal in front of the well of the crucible4 ,the tube is connected to a flattened hollow coiled spring tube4 ,the mercury also passes through this air tight spring tube4 ,on the free end of this coiled spring tube is fastened an insulated pin which operates the contact lever4 ,the contact lever is suspended downward between two metal contact disks4 ,these contact disks and the contact lever are connected to the main line through a magnetic switch mounted in the control panel4 ,the thermometer only carries current long enough for the magnetic switch to connect and then the current is carried directly through the switch4 ,as the temperature of the metal rises the mercury in the bulb expands causing the coiled spring to uncoil slightly1 driving the contact lever against the disk that shuts off the current1 allowing the switch to fall open and disconnecting the circuit through the crucible heaters4 ,as the temperature of the metal falls1 the mercury in the bulb contracts allowing the coiled spring to force the contact lever against the disk that turns the current on by connecting the switch to the main line4 ,the variation in the temperature is held within #ae degrees of the average working temperature4 ,the temperature control is normally set for a maximum of #eej degrees and a minimum of #ece degrees1 that is1 with normal operation the temperature of the metal will always be between these limits4 ,this is found to give the best all around casting results for average metal4 ,in case it is desired at any time to change the operating temperature1 this can be done by turning adjusting screw right-handed for hotter metal1 and left-handed for cooler metal4 ,the head of this adjusting screw projects through the right-hand side of the dynamic thermometer cover4 ,do not change the position of the control disks1 unless badly pitted1 as their relative distance is determined at the factory1 and very seldom need to be changed4 ,a good thermometer should always be used when adjusting the screw for proper heat4 ,guessing will not get the proper results4 ,with ordinary work1 and after the metal is at operating temperature1 the current will be on and the crucible heaters generating heat about three minutes1 then off and not generating heat about twelve minutes1 and will repeat this cycle as long as snap switch is left in the 8on0 position4 ,,throat ,,and ,,mouthpiece ,,heaters ,the mouth and throat heaters are clamped in close contact with the outside of the crucible throat to keep the metal at the operating temperature while being pumped from the crucible to the mold4 ,the throat heater extends the full length of the pot throat and is held in close contact with it4 ,the mouth heater is clamped tightly to the pot mouth4 ,both heaters are surrounded with heat insulating material and are held in close contact with the pot throat and mouth by a ,u-shaped clamp under the throat unit and a plate over the mouth unit1 drawn tight by two nuts4 ,the mouth and throat heaters are always connected in 8series10 one set being used for #ajj-volt to #abe-volt and another set for #bjj-volt to #bej-volt4 ,the heat for the throat and mouth units are controlled by a manually controlled rheostat moving from the left to the right1 and fastened to the front of the control panel under and at the rear of the keyboard4 ,the rheostat is connected directly to the mouth and throat heater and is not controlled by the dynamic thermometer4 ,the crucible heaters are intended for heating the metal to the proper temperature1 and the mouth and throat heaters are only intended to keep the metal at the proper temperature while being forced from the crucible to the mold4 ,if the voltage is irregular and remains too high for some time1 or a speedy operator casts large slugs at a rapid rate continuously1 the mouthpiece is apt to become heated and the slugs will have hollow backs4 ,in this case it will be necessary to turn rheostat knob left-handed1 but if the voltage remains low for some length of time1 or a slow operator casts small slugs slowly1 the mouthpiece may become cold and the slugs will have poor faces1 in which case the rheostat knob should be turned right-handed4 ,when casting large slugs in rapid succession the mold is apt to become heated1 but attempting to regulate the temperature of the metal in the crucible to overcome the heating of the mold will fail1 because the electric pot is a heating unit only and will not cool the mold4 ,the control panel consists of a magnet switch mounted on a slate panel enclosed in a steel cabinet4 ,the cabinet also has a suitable fuse cut-out and the switches which control both the pot and the electric motor 7if used7 and places all controls within easy reach of the operator4 ,connection is made between the pot proper1 the dynamic thermometer1 and the control panel by suitable wiring enclosed in a flexible conduit4 ,,care ,,of ,,electric ,,metal ,,pot ,the contact points on the thermometer and the magnetic switch should be kept clean and free from corrosion4 ,use ,no4 #jj sand-paper4 7,never use emery cloth or paper47 ,dirt and corrosion are electrical insulators1 and if these contacts become dirty1 electrical contact may not be made when the temperature reaches #eej degrees ,f42 the magnetic switch will not open and the crucible heaters will continue to increase the temperature of the metal until the fuses are blown2 the dynamic thermometer permanently injured1 or the heating units burned out4 ,when the temperature reaches above #eej degrees1 the metal is too hot1 causing back squirts4 ,when the metal has cooled1 the contacts1 owing to the dirt1 will not operate1 and the metal will continue to cool until it can not be used4 ,the contact points should be cleaned about once each two weeks4 ,the hole in the hollow tube connecting the bulb and the flattened coil spring of the dynamic thermometer is very small and care must be taken that the tube is not injured when feeding metal to the pot1 or that no sharp bends are made in it1 as it will close the hole and interfere with the proper working of the thermometer4 ,occasionally some of the parts such as the heaters1 thermometer1 or the wiring inside the pot may become damaged and will have to be replaced4 ,in ordering the new parts for replacements1 be sure to specify the voltage being used and the serial number of the pot4 ,this number plate can be found on top of the pot cover4 ,it is seldom that both crucible heaters will be burned out at the same time1 so if your pot is a #ajj to #abe-volt equipment1 and one of the crucible heaters tests open or grounded1 and must be removed and replaced1 the metal in the crucible may be heated by the crucible heater that is in good condition2 but if your pot is #bjj to #bej-volt equipment1 and one of the crucible heaters must be replaced1 it will be necessary to melt the metal in the crucible with a blow torch before either crucible heater can be removed4 ,it is not necessary to remove the metal from the pot4 ,merely keep the metal agitated while melting it with the blow torch4 ,frequently a heating unit is burned out by a little metal splashing on the terminals1 causing a gradual short circuit4 ,this trouble can be eliminated by wrapping the heater terminals with asbestos tape4 ,when cleaning the contact points on the dynamic thermometer1 it is necessary to remove the cover by taking out the two long flat head screws4 ,this cover should be examined for small particles of metal before replacing4 ,to remove and replace a damaged wire in the pot1 fasten another wire securely to one end of it1 grasp the other end with a pair of pliers and pull4 ,the new wire will be pulled in as the old one is removed4 ,rubber covered wire or slow burning wire is not satisfactory4 ,a special wire with a special grade of insulation should be used4 ,if it becomes necessary to remove the dynamic thermometer1 heat the metal in the crucible to operating temperature and then turn the main switch off4 ,disconnect the thermometer wiring and dip out the metal to below the level of the thermometer bulb4 ,take off the pot cover and remove the two screws fastening the thermometer case to the bracket4 ,grasp the case with the hand and the bulb with a pair of pliers and raise up and out4 ,be very careful at all times not to damage or break the bulb or hollow wire which contain the mercury2 to do so will cause trouble in regulating the heat4 ,replace the thermometer while the crucible is hot4 ,see that the bulb does not project out from the casting so as to interfere with the insertion of ingots of cold metal4 ,press the tube firmly but carefully into place over the edge of the crucible1 being careful not to injure it4 ,fasten the case to the bracket and reconnect the wiring and put on the cover4 ,all the pot adjustments on the electric pot are the same as on a gas pot4 ,,current ,,consumption ,the maximum current consumption is #a1ejj watts and the minimum #cbe watts1 the average consumption throughout a day's work is approximately #fjj watts or 4#f kilo-watts4 ,the cost of current varies widely in different localities1 but you may find the cost of operating your pot by multiplying the number of hours by the cost of current per kilowatt hour and then by 4#f4 ,the result will be the cost in cents4 ,for instance1 operating a pot nine hours with current costing six cents per kilowatt hour would cost thirty-two and four-tenths cents--#i x #f x 4#f equals #cb4d cents4 ,,fuses ,the main line fuses1 which protect the entire system from overloads1 when blown1 should be replaced by other fuses of the same rating4 ,the fuse for the mouth and throat heater circuit is for the purpose of protecting this circuit from accidents1 and should always be replaced by another fuse of the same rating4 ,this replacing of the fuses by others of the same rating is very important4 ,on a #bjj to #bej-volt circuit1 the main line fuses should be #aj amperes4 ,the mouth and throat fuse1 which is located in the control box above the magnetic switch1 should be #c amperes4 ,on a #ajj to #abe-volt circuit the main line fuses should be #bj amperes4 ,the throat and mouth fuse should be #e amperes4 ,fuses of a greater amperage than those mentioned may cause the units to burn out or cause a fire hazard4 ,,molds ,the various models of machines placed on the market today have a flexibility that requires a variety of molds to take care of the varying lengths and thicknesses of slugs4 ,the molds are adjustable and are all removable from the mold disk should the occasion require4 ,the molds are all constructed along the same general line1 with a base and movable cap4 ,the caps in all molds are held in place by two guides1 pinned on each end of the base of the mold1 and projecting into grooves in the cap4 ,the base of the mold is screwed firmly to the disk1 and the two liners are held in place by the cap and the pressure from three screws which project through the rim of the mold disk4 ,the cap and base being held parallel by the guides4 ,to change the mold from one size of body or length of slug it is only necessary to loosen the three screws1 remove the liners and insert the ones desired4 ,do not pry the cap upward with a screwdriver inserted in the casting range of the mold cell4 ,when tightening the screws in the rim of the disk1 bring them just to a firm bearing4 ,there is danger of cracking the rim if the screws are too tight4 ,,the ,,universal ,,adjustable ,the universal adjustable mold is the one most generally used4 ,by removing the liners and substituting others1 slugs of any length from #e to #cj picas and from #e to #ad points in body may be cast4 ,all standard molds will cast #cj-pica slugs4 ,the right-hand1 or constant liner1 is marked for thickness only4 ,it is not necessary to change this liner unless the slug thickness is changed4 ,the left-hand liner is marked for thickness and length4 ,the number stamped for the length1 subtracted from #cj1 gives the length of slug which will be cast4 ,for example1 if a #ac-;em slug is wanted1 use liner number #ag1 which allows the opening in the mold to be the required length4 ,when ordering liners for these molds1 always specify thickness and length of slug to be cast2 also specify ,u4 ,a4 mold4 ,,the ,,recessed ,in order to cast light-weight slugs and for quick cooling1 the recessed mold is made4 ,this mold will cast slugs with cavities1 or recesses4 ,the base of this mold is the same as the universal adjustable4 ,the lower surface of the cap has rectangular projections and grooves4 ,the molten metal is forced into these grooves and forms the supporting ribs beneath the type face4 ,the rectangles form the recesses4 ,the weight of the slug is reduced about one-third4 ,a more solid slug is formed because there is less air to be displaced from the mold4 ,there is less metal in the mold cell1 therefore it cools more rapidly than the regular universal adjustable4 ,these molds require special left-hand liners and are adjustable for body size from #aj- to #ad-point and all measures from #h to #cj picas1 except the half-em measures4 ,for these restricted measures a special mold is required and will only be made on special order4 ,in ordering liners for a recessed mold you must be careful to specify 8recessed mold0 and the length in ems required4 ,these molds can be applied to any model of machine1 but must never be used for any size below #aj-point4 ,,display ,,and ,,headletter ,the special display and headletter mold is similar to a recessed mold1 but to accommodate the increased size of faces1 the recesses are deeper4 ,this mold has practically the same restrictions as to length of slug as the recessed mold4 ,one-letter matrices with the character for raised position must be used on this mold4 ,the filling piece under the first elevator jaws must be used when using the mold4 ,matrices can not be sent in on the duplex rails of the assembling elevator4 ,each display mold has a body range of #e points only1 so the entire range of bodies from #ae to #cf points would require four of these molds as follows3 ,the range of one is #ae to #ai points1 that is1 any width of liner from #ae to #ai points can be used on this mold2 the range of the second would be #bj to #bd points1 the third would be #bf to #cj points1 the fourth1 #cb to #cf points4 ,the range of the molds are always marked on the cap so no mistake can be made4 ,in ordering liners for the display and headletter molds1 care must be taken to specify the range marked on the cap4 ,these molds are limited as to length of measure the same as the recessed molds4 ,,advertising ,the advertising figure mold differs from the universal adjustable only in the mold cap4 ,the cap is constructed with an extra thick lip against which the overhang in the matrices are cast4 ,this permits of casting large characters1 which will lap over one or more adjacent slugs4 ,the grooves in the cap are ground parallel4 ,with this mold slugs from #e- to #ab-point can be cast1 but not above #ab-point at any time4 ,this mold can also be used for casting headletter type1 by letting the letter overhang the slug4 ,place a blank slug underneath the overhanging letters to support them4 ,when using the advertising figure equipment1 display figures or characters can be cast at any desired point in the line of text matter1 the characters or figures casting on the first slug against the lip of the mold1 thus overhanging one or more other slugs when assembled4 ,in determining how large a figure may be cast on any size of slug from #e- to #ab-point1 bear in mind that not over eleven points of the figure may be cast against the lip of the mold cap4 ,,carbolite ,there is an adjustable mold used on some machines which is made of carbolite steel4 ,this mold is harder than the regular ,u4 ,a4 mold and will not warp easily4 ,however1 it heats up quicker1 retains the heat longer and will not work very satisfactorily for large slugs or where a large amount of metal is used4 ,the regular ,u4 ,a4 liners are used on this mold4 #cf-;,,em ,,adjustable ,the universal adjustable molds for #cf-;em machines will cast any measure from #cj- to #cf-;ems inclusive1 from #e- to #ad-point body4 ,if a measure shorter than #cj ems is desired a regular #cj-;em mold must be used4 ,in order to change liners on a #cf-;em mold it is necessary to take the mold from the mold disk1 as the liners fit around three sides of the post1 and can not be changed in the regular way4 ,it is possible to remove the #cf-;em mold from the disk and substitute a #cj-;em mold4 ,a filling piece is required to take up the difference between the #cj-;em and the #cf-;em mold4 ,,mold ,,wipers ,there are two felt wipers which are designed to keep the face and back of the mold clean4 ,a small amount of a mixture of cup grease and graphite rubbed into the back wiper will keep the base of the mold clean4 ,for the front mold wiper1 keep the felt well saturated with graphite4 ,do not use oil or grease on the front wiper1 or it will be transferred onto the matrices and into the magazine4 ,a good plan is to soak the felt with gasoline and rub the graphite in4 ,when the felt becomes worn1 new ones should be applied4 ,when applying new felt1 put graphite between the layers4 ,be careful that the felt does not become worn to the extent that the steel part of the wipers will be allowed to rub against the mold4 ,,mold ,,hints ,if the mold cap guides become bent they will throw the mold cap out of alignment with the constant side of the mold4 ,the guides can be straightened by removing the mold from the disk4 ,place a straight-edge across the mold and cap to determine how the guides are bent4 ,they may be tapped with a hammer and a piece of brass rule to spring them back in position4 ,care should be used in this operation and if bent very much1 the mold should be shipped to the nearest agency for repairs4 ,a mold with bent guides or a warped cap will cause back squirts and to remedy these1 the mold must be repaired4 ,mold cap guides can be renewed by driving out the small pin that holds them in place in the base of the mold and fitting in new ones4 ,if a mold has become warped by overheating1 it can be shipped to the nearest agency to be ground4 ,if the mold is ground on the back1 the slug will be less than type high1 according to the amount taken off in the grinding4 ,the liners must be ground as well as the mold4 ,always be very careful of the mold so this will not be necessary4 ,the bottom of the mold sometimes becomes tinned4 ,this will not permit the mold and mouthpiece to lock up properly4 ,the trouble can be remedied by removing the mold from the disk and placing it on the bench4 ,put a small amount of metal polish on a block of hard wood4 ,rub the wood back and forth the entire length of the bottom of the mold1 with an even pressure4 ,as the metal polish contains an abrasive1 the mold1 cap1 and liners should be kept together1 so that the casting edge of the mold will not be rounded4 ,be careful of the molds as they are one of the most important parts of the machine and will run indefinitely if handled intelligently4 ,take the mold apart and clean the base and the cap with the polish4 ,place each part in a vise so it will be held solid while cleaning4 ,after using the polish1 clean with gasoline4 ,when metal gets into a mold cap screw in the disk after a squirt1 do not hammer the metal with a screwdriver4 ,to do so merely drives the metal tighter in the threads of the hole4 ,gouge the metal out with a knife a little at a time4 ,do not remove the mold keeper from the mold4 ,the mold keeper is for the purpose of holding the lugs of the matrices in alignment4 ,if it is removed and not replaced properly1 it will interfere with the proper alignment of every line set4 ,keep the face of the mold clean and free from metal which has a tendency to accumulate during the day while the mold is being used4 ,a clean face of the mold will greatly facilitate the press make-ready4 ,metal on the mold causes high and low letters on the slug4 ,,removing ,,and ,,replacing ,,mold ,to remove a mold from the disk1 loosen the three screws in the rim of the disk1 take out the four screws which hold the mold to the disk and lift the mold out of the pocket1 being very careful not to drop it4 ,in replacing a mold in the disk1 be sure that all seating surfaces of the mold and disk are clean and free of all metal1 so the mold will align with the trimming knives and mold knife4 ,then bring the four front screws to a light bearing4 ,next tighten the three cap screws in the disk1 the center one first4 ,then tighten the four front screws tight4 ,,distributor ,,distributor ,,bar ,the distributor bar is suspended between the distributor screws1 and is fastened to the distributor beam by two machine screws1 and held rigid by dowel pins4 ,there are seven combination rails along the bar4 ,these combination rails are cut away in various places1 and certain of the rails or combinations terminate directly above each channel in the magazine entrance4 ,the ,v-shaped end of the matrices have combinations or distributing teeth which engage these rails4 ,the bar is adjusted to proper height and position so that the matrices1 leaving the top rails of the distributor box1 do not bind on the aligning plate at the back of the bar above the rails4 ,these adjusting screws are in the top of the distributor beam and rest on the yoke4 ,on the later machines the side-wise adjustment is made by an adjusting screw fastened to the beam and banking against the right side of the yoke4 ,each matrix has a combination corresponding to the combination cut on the bar4 ,the matrix is conveyed along the bar by the distributor screws4 ,as soon as the matrix reaches the end of the rail corresponding to the combination on the matrix1 it drops into the channel1 which guides it into the magazine4 ,,channel ,,entrance ,the channel entrance is connected to the rear end of the magazine on the magazine frame by two hinge screws4 ,the entrance is held in position by a spring at the right side and fastened to the magazine frame4 ,the channel entrance consists of a number of flexible partitions1 which are assembled in the channel entrance partition plate1 and act as a guide for the matrices as they fall from the distributor bar into the magazine4 ,each partition rests against the side of a tooth in the automatic stopping bar4 ,if matrices become clogged in the entrance guides1 they pile up until they come in contact with the distributor screws4 ,this forces the partitions against the teeth of the automatic stopping bar which causes the distributor driving mechanism to stop4 ,at the bottom of the channel entrance1 on each side1 and banking against the magazine frame1 are two adjusting screws which are used to adjust the position of the channel entrance4 ,the adjustment is made to give the matrix free movement in transferring from the channel entrance to the magazine under the channel entrance matrix guard4 ,the upper end of the partitions sometimes get bent to one side and thin matrices will fall into the wrong channel1 causing the channel to clog4 ,the lower end of the partitions should set so they will guide the matrices into the magazine4 ,if they are sprung to either side they will hold the matrices and keep them from entering the magazine1 causing the matrices to clog in the channel4 ,as the matrices are carried along the distributor bar by the screws1 there should be #a_/af of an inch between the bottom of a matrix suspended on the distributor bar and the top of the channel entrance partitions4 ,adjust1 on models #a1 #b1 and #c1 by the two screws in the magazine frame which rest against the magazine supporting rods4 ,care must be used in turning these screws1 as they move the magazine also4 ,on ,model #e or later machines1 this adjustment is set at the factory1 so it is rarely necessary to change it4 ,,distributor ,,screws ,the conveyor screws are assembled on the distributor beam4 ,two of these screws are in front of the distributor bar and one in the back4 ,as soon as the matrix leaves the distributor box it is conveyed along the bar4 ,on the right-hand end of the screws are the driving gears which are pinned to the screw shaft4 ,these gears are properly timed at the factory so as to carry the matrix in a vertical position without bending4 ,there is a small pin projecting between two of the teeth of one gear which must mesh with a tooth of its companion gear which is partly cut away4 ,this prevents the gears turning when they are improperly timed4 ,this timing is readily accomplished by forming a small triangle with the pins in the end of the gears and the openings in the gears1 or by placing the points of the upper and lower screws on the right end in the same relative position before connecting the gears with the distributor clutch shaft and gear4 ,do not raise the back distributor screw while there are matrices on the bar1 as it is difficult to get their lugs in the right threads again4 ,in closing the back screw see that the pin in the gear matches with the short tooth in the front gear4 ,the old distributor screws were pitched four threads to the inch4 ,the new distributor screws have a much wider pitch1 two threads to the inch1 consequently the matrices are moved along the bar twice as fast to their respective channels4 ,they are called 8two-pitch screws40 ,the two-pitch screws keep the matrices widely separated on the bar1 permitting a freer distribution of large matrices4 ,,distributor ,,screw ,,guard ,the distributor screw guard is suspended between the front conveyor screws and fits over the lower screw4 ,this guard is for the purpose of deflecting the matrix away from the lower screw as it drops from the combination bar4 ,on models #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #ah1 and #ai1 this guard is fastened by two nuts to the two machine screws projecting through the front side of the combination bar4 ,on models #h1 #ad1 and #ad-s-k this guard is loose1 working on a fulcrum rod1 and operated by the distributor screw guard lever and the right-hand locating bar4 ,the lever is fastened to the right-hand magazine frame guide by a fulcrum screw4 ,whenever the locating levers are shifted for the purpose of raising or lowering the magazine frames1 a screw on the right-hand locating lever moves against the guard lever and forces the guard upward4 ,if there are any matrices on the combination bar when attempting to change the position of the magazines1 this guard will strike them1 and prevent the guard from making the full upward stroke4 ,retarding the bar prevents the locating levers and blocks from moving far enough to clear the bar stops1 thus not permitting the magazine frame to be moved4 ,if the magazine frames were changed with matrices on the bar1 these matrices would drop in the magazine that was in operating position1 causing wrong fonts in the magazine4 ,,distributor ,,clutch ,the distributor screws are driven by a friction plate1 keyed to the distributor clutch shaft1 and held against the face of the distributor driving pulley by a spring inside of the distributor clutch flange4 ,this allows the clutch to slip when anything binds the distributor screws4 ,the clutch shaft1 operated by the friction plate1 drives the distributor screws by means of small gears which are timed so that the matrices will hang perpendicular from the distributor bar4 ,to remove the distributor clutch1 loosen the small screw on the distributor clutch lever1 and remove the clutch rod1 spring1 and lever4 ,remove the hexagon head machine screw that holds the clutch bracket to the distributor beam4 ,insert a screw driver between the bracket and the beam at the upper end and pry the bracket away from the beam4 ,lift the bracket off over the end of the shaft4 ,remove the screw in the washer on the end of the clutch shaft4 ,take out the spring which is behind the washer4 ,the friction plate and pulley can then be removed over the end of the shaft4 ,the friction plate should be kept free from oil at all times4 ,there is an oil hole in the flange of the pulley which should not be overlooked when oiling4 ,this hole should be kept stopped with a counter sunk screw to prevent the oil working out on the drive belt4 ,,distributor ,,stopping ,,mechanism ,the stopping bar is on the magazine channel entrance1 and is operated by the partitions and a spring hooked on the stopping bar and the frame of the channel entrance4 ,the right side of the small teeth on the stopping bar should touch each partition 7which is flexible74 ,when a matrix fails to enter the magazine1 the channel becomes clogged4 ,this causes the matrices to bind on the distributor screws which moves the partition to the right1 throwing the stopping bar from the clutch plate4 ,this allows the clutch lever screw to catch the clutch flange collar1 force the friction plate away from the driving pulley1 and stop the distributor4 ,the clutch plate is held by two screws to the distributor clutch lever4 ,the stopping bar should rest #a_/cb of an inch on the clutch plate4 ,adjust by loosening the screws which hold the plate4 ,the holes in the plate are elongated1 to permit the plate being moved sidewise4 ,when adjusting be sure that the partitions are straight and touching the teeth of the stopping bar on the right side4 ,if not1 when straightening1 they would cause the stopping bar to rest on the clutch plate more than it should4 ,this would prevent the clutch lever and screw going into action instantly1 which would cause thin matrices to bend if caught4 ,,the ,,spiral ,,automatic ,the new style distributor screw driving mechanism is termed the spiral automatic4 ,the spiral automatic does away with the channel entrance stopping bar and flexible entrance partitions4 ,the channel entrances of the new style are equipped with fixed partitions which can not become bent1 damaged or twisted out of adjustment by the action of the distributing mechanism4 ,some of the features are3 ,the channel entrance partitions are thinner1 allowing large matrices to pass freely through the channels4 ,the partitions are more rigid1 although thinner1 because they are fixed and supported their entire length4 ,the entrance once set1 does not have to be readjusted for different sizes of matrices4 ,the partitions have guides at their lower end1 which are arranged to direct the various matrices into their respective channels by having contact with the lugs instead of the body of the matrix1 giving the minimum amount of friction4 ,two rotary wedges are pinned to the right end of the two front distributor screw shafts4 ,these wedges are placed so the thin edge of one wedge is opposite the thick edge of the other4 ,these wedges rotate with the screws4 ,the small timing gear on the lower front distributor screw is loose on the shaft4 ,a connection between the screw and the gear is made by two parallel pins1 one on the gear and the other on the wedge4 ,these pins are held together by a spiral spring4 ,the tension of the spring should be so the slightest drag on the lower screw would allow the pins to separate4 ,when anything binds or retards the revolution of the lower screw1 the two parallel pins separate1 which changes the relation of the wedges1 causing them to lock4 ,this locking of the wedges stops the distributor screws and releases the tension of the clutch flange on the distributor washer clutch flange permitting the driving pulley to run free4 ,assembled on the distributor clutch pulley washer clutch flange are two distributor clutch stops4 ,these are called left-hand stops4 ,fastened to the distributor clutch flange are two distributor clutch stops4 ,these are called right-hand stops4 ,when the distributor is operating1 the right-hand stops are held on the left-hand stops by two spiral springs4 ,one end of each spring is fastened to an adjustable spring collar that slips over the distributor clutch flange2 the other ends are fastened to the pulley washer clutch flange4 ,these stops force the pulley washer flange against the driving pulley1 operating the distributor4 ,the tension of these spiral springs should be just tight enough to hold the stops together4 ,when the spiral locks1 the tension of the spring should permit the right stops to leave the left1 releasing the pressure on the driving pulley4 ,the tension of these springs can be adjusted by releasing the clamping screw in the spring collar and turning the collar4 ,remember that anything binding the lower screw will prevent the distributor from operating4 ,a matrix not lifting properly1 a dry distributor shaft bearing1 or the front rails of the distributor box bearing against the lower screw will cause the screw to drag and stop4 ,if the spiral spring that holds the two pins together is too strong1 matrix ears or lugs will be bent4 ,the spring1 when at its proper tension1 should not bind the ears or lugs of the matrices when they drag the lower screw4 ,when having trouble with the spiral automatic1 do not change the spring tension unless you are sure that it is necessary to do so4 ,the tension of the two springs1 which hold the stops on the clutch flange and washer flange1 should be just strong enough to keep the stops together4 ,too much spring tension will have a tendency to bend matrices or prevent the proper working of the spiral4 ,to remove the distributor clutch flange and washer clutch flange on a machine with the spiral automatic3 ,loosen the small screw on the distributor clutch lever1 and remove the clutch rod and lever4 ,remove the two headless screws in the knurled lever flange on the end of the clutch flange shaft4 ,remove the hexagon head machine screw that holds the clutch bracket to the distributor beam4 ,insert a screwdriver between the bracket and the beam at the upper end and pry the bracket away from the beam4 ,lift the bracket off over the end of the shaft4 ,remove the flat headed screw in the washer on the end of the clutch flange shaft4 ,take out the spring which is behind the washer4 ,take off the clutch flange shaft1 stops and springs1 assembled4 ,unscrew the clutch pulley washer flange stop screw4 ,the clutch pulley washer flange can now be removed4 ,,distributor ,,box ,after the line has been transferred from the first elevator jaws to the second elevator bar it is carried by the second elevator lever to the distributor box4 ,the distributor box contains the upper and lower rails1 tilting rails1 matrix lift1 font distinguisher1 box bar and point assembled1 safety spring1 lift cam lever1 lift lever1 lift hinge pin1 lift lever spring1 lift spring1 lift cam roll1 and matrix lift adjusting screw4 ,when the matrices are transferred from the second elevator bar to the box bar they are supported at their lower end1 by the tilting rails4 ,these rails release the strain on the matrix combination1 and also prevent matrices falling from the bar if there is any space between the two bars4 ,to assure a good alignment of the two bars1 the box bar pin hole at the left is elongated1 allowing play to the bar1 which permits the teeth of the second elevator bar to align easily with the box bar4 ,matrices1 coming into the box1 hang to the rails on the box bar by their teeth until they reach the vertical face of the box rails4 ,there are two upper and two lower rails held to the box plates 7front and back7 by dowel pins and screws1 so that the matrix will align perfectly with all four rails and the bar point at the right end of the box4 ,the rails must align the matrix to clear the distributor screws and the aligning plate on the combination bar without binding4 ,the matrix must also pass between the vertical face of the rails and the bar point4 ,if these rails become worn1 they will permit more than one thin matrix to pass the bar point1 or will not lift the matrix so it will clear the screws properly1 because of the unevenness of the vertical face of the rails4 ,this will bend the ears of the matrix and stop the distributor4 ,the only remedy for worn rails is to apply new ones4 ,four new rails must be applied1 as the vertical faces of all the four rails wear1 and this is the only method of obtaining the proper alignment again4 ,a safety spring is pinned in a grooved part of the upper front rail at the right end to prevent matrices turning and getting caught by the lift when the shifter is suddenly withdrawn4 ,it is only the matrix ready to be lifted that need be held by the spring4 ,as the matrices are lifted by the matrix lift they must pass between the vertical face on the rails and the bar point4 ,all matrices are the same thickness where they pass this point4 ,there is just sufficient space between the rails and the bar point for but one thin matrix to pass when lifted by the matrix lift4 ,if the bar point becomes worn or broken it will permit more than one thin matrix to be lifted to the distributor screws1 resulting in the clogging of the channel entrance or bending the matrix4 ,when the bar point becomes worn a new one should be applied4 ,a new bar point can be applied by removing the bar1 and1 with a small nail set1 driving out the two pins that hold the bar point4 ,put the new point in its proper position1 place the bar in the box1 and test with a thin matrix by raising the lift4 ,the matrix should pass the point without binding4 ,when the point is set properly1 remove the bar from the box and drill two holes for the pins4 ,sometimes the bar point can be drawn out a little by peening it with a small machinist hammer4 ,however1 extreme care must be used1 so the bar rails will not be damaged by the hammer4 ,just a few light taps of the hammer should be sufficient4 ,the font distinguisher is placed in the lower right end of the box1 between the two lower rails4 ,all the matrices must pass this distinguisher4 ,when properly adjusted1 it will stop all matrices of a different font size to the one being used1 or one of the same font turned backwards4 ,to change font distinguisher1 turn the stud one complete turn for each size4 ,turn the stud to the left for a smaller size and to the right for a larger size4 ,on the multiple magazine machines the font distinguisher is automatically changed when changing the position of the magazines4 ,matrices must never be driven over the point of the distinguisher when they stop in the box1 but should be pushed to the second elevator bar and the wrong font or the turned matrix removed4 ,driving a matrix over the font distinguisher not only damages the matrix1 but it also often breaks the font distinguisher and causes serious damage to the box by throwing the various parts out of their proper alignment4 ,when this happens it is almost impossible to get the box back into proper shape4 ,the matrix lift mechanism is composed of the matrix lift lever1 the matrix lift cam lever1 matrix lift spring1 matrix lift cushion spring1 matrix lift hinge pin1 matrix lift cam roll1 and the matrix lift4 ,this matrix lift is at the right end of the box and is held to the lift lever by a fulcrum screw and forced against the font distinguisher block by a small coil spring4 ,the lift should set so the back of the shoulder aligns with the vertical face of the rails4 ,if by any accident it is forced out of alignment to the left1 the lift cannot engage the bottom of the matrices and lift them over the vertical face of the rails4 ,the shoulder and seat of the lift should be kept free from gum or dirt so the matrices will not slip off while being raised4 ,when the shoulder and seat of the lift wear so that it will lift two thin matrices or lift them crooked1 the lift must be replaced by a new one4 ,the cam lever and lift lever are connected by a cushion spring which absorbs the movement of the cam lever1 if the lever hangs up4 ,there is an adjusting screw in the matrix lift lever which permits the lift lever to be raised or lowered4 ,the matrix lift must raise the lugs of the matrices clear of the vertical face of the box rails4 ,if it does not do this1 thin matrices1 when being moved by the distributor screws1 would be forced against the screws and become damaged4 ,to adjust the lift1 turn the distributor screws by hand until the cam roller is at the low part of the cam1 place a thin matrix in the distributor box against the vertical face of the rails1 then adjust screw until the shoulder of the lift is not more than #a_/fd of an inch under the bottom of the matrix4 ,the lift then should raise the matrix #a_/cb of an inch above the top rails in the distributor box when the cam roller is at the highest part of the cam4 ,after adjusting the lift1 be sure that the adjusting screw locknut is tight4 ,the buffer of the distributor shifter should come in the box almost to the distributor lift1 but should never come in far enough to engage the lift4 ,the distance the shifter can travel into the box is regulated by a stop screw which sets in the shifter slideway4 ,however1 this screw sometimes gets broken off1 comes out1 or is worn off4 ,this would allow the shifter buffer to engage the lift and cause undue wear4 ,,lower ,,distributor ,,box ,for ,models #b and #d ,on the upper distributor of a ,model #b or #d the matrices are raised over the rails by the matrix lift1 the same as on any other model4 ,the upper portion of the inclined rails1 however1 are cut away4 ,there is a bridge on the upper distributor box on which the matrices for the upper magazine ride until they catch on the distributor bar4 ,the matrices for the lower magazines have a slot in the bottom so that they will not ride on the bridge4 ,they fall from the upper box1 through a chute1 into the lower box1 where they are separated and delivered to the lower distributor rail4 ,care should be taken to see that the box escapements 7or matrix lift7 work freely at all times4 ,if dirt is allowed to accumulate1 the escapements will not work freely2 the matrices will be prevented from separating and cause them to clog in the box4 ,to adjust the escapement pawls 7or matrix lift7 in a lower box1 turn the screws until the matrix lift lever cam roll rides in the lower part of the cam4 ,adjust with the adjusting screw until the point of the male pawl clears the bottom of the slot in the matrix about #a_/fd of an inch4 ,see that the male pawl does not become bent2 this point should admit a thin matrix only between both pawls4 ,the female pawl must have a retaining hold on the matrix of at least #a_/cb of an inch when the male pawl is adjusted to clear the bottom of the slot4 ,,distributor ,,box ,,matrix ,,lift ,,cam ,this cam is fastened to the distributor back screw by means of a taper pin4 ,there is no adjustment of the cam4 ,it should not be detached unless badly worn1 and then it should be replaced by a new one4 ,to apply a new cam3 ,drive out taper pin and slip cam off the shaft1 placing a new one on the shaft in such a position that the holes in the cam will match with the hole in the shaft4 ,use an #h x #cb headless screw to hold the cam in position4 ,put a thick matrix with a full size lug in the box in the regular way4 ,see that the lift is adjusted to raise the matrix #a_/cb of an inch above the upper rails4 ,then turn the distributor screws by hand1 and when the matrix starts to raise and enter the screws1 the side of the matrix opposite the distributor shifter should clear the threads on the distributor screws #a_/cb of an inch4 ,if the matrix does not clear the threads #a_/cb of an inch1 loosen the small screw in the cam1 turn the cam so that when the matrix lift starts to raise the matrix it will clear the threads properly4 ,fasten the cam securely with the screw1 and then run through a few lines to make sure that the cam is set right4 ,then drill a hole in the shaft and fasten with a pin4 ,before applying a new matrix lift cam1 make sure that the upper and lower rails in the box are not worn2 if worn1 renew the rails before applying the new cam4 ,it is seldom necessary to replace a lift cam1 due to the small amount of wear the cam undergoes4 ,,distributor ,,troubles ,considerable annoyance and lost time is caused by distributor troubles4 ,some of the most frequent troubles may be traced to the following3 ,the lifting of two thin matrices to the distributor is caused by having too much space between the end of the bar point and the vertical face of the rails1 due to worn rails or bar point1 or both4 ,bent matrices are caused by the rails being worn1 worn bar point1 matrix lift out of adjustment1 worn lift cam1 safety spring broken or not functioning1 conveyer screws out of time4 ,matrices may drop in the wrong channel of the magazine if the flexible guides become bent4 ,if the lugs of the matrices are thicker than those regularly running in that channel1 the matrices will clog in the entrance and stop the distributor4 ,the back conveyer screw1 being set too far from the front screws1 will cause the matrices to fall in the wrong channel or twist as they leave the distributor box rails4 ,adjust the screw with the two adjusting screws at each end of the conveyer screw bearing4 ,a floor that is uneven or shaky will cause the matrices to drop in the wrong channel4 ,matrices will drop on top of the partitions or in the wrong channel if the distributor beam is out of adjustment4 ,adjust with the screw that is fastened to the beam at the front and banks against the right side of the yoke4 ,matrices with damaged or worn distributing teeth or combinations will drop in the wrong channel4 ,the matrix combinations1 a very important part of the matrix1 is sufficient under ordinary conditions to last for years4 ,it is possible1 however1 to ruin a set of combinations in a very short time4 ,the causes are almost always due to bad alignment at one or possibly all of the various transfers4 ,the matrices are transferred at three distinct points1 where the combinations are involved4 ,the first transfer is from the first elevator jaws onto the second elevator bar at the intermediate transfer channel4 ,the line of matrices1 when in position at this transfer point1 should line up with the bar so they will have a perfect transfer to the bar without binding4 ,use the set screw at the bottom of the first elevator slide on the right hand side to raise or lower the slide for the proper alignment4 ,this alignment should be as nearly perfect as possible4 ,if the second elevator bracket and bar do not seat properly on the intermediate channel rails1 or if these rails are out of true or worn1 the trouble should be remedied so the bar will align properly for the transfer4 ,the bar should be perfectly smooth and free from burrs1 and should be held tight against the bracket plate by the two flat head screws that extend through the plate4 ,the second transfer is from the second elevator bar to the distributor box bar4 ,the second elevator1 when in its normal position1 should be adjusted so the second elevator bar will line up with the distributor box bar4 ,the distributor box bar should be perfectly smooth and free from burrs4 ,the third transfer is from the distributor box rails to the combination bar4 ,the distributor box rails should be perfectly square with each other4 ,the matrices should transfer freely from the distributor box rails to the combination rails on the bar4 ,there must be perfect alignment at all of these points of transfer1 or undue wear on the matrix combinations will result4 ,matrices with damaged combination teeth1 or with small burrs on the teeth1 will not drop squarely between the flexible guides or will wobble as they leave the bar1 and cause distributor stops4 ,this trouble can usually be remedied by dressing the burrs off the teeth with a fine file4 ,be very careful not to dress the teeth below the plane of the surface of the matrices4 ,also make sure that there are no burrs on the combinations where the teeth are supposed to be cut away4 ,the distributor screws must be kept clean and free from oil at all times1 or the dirt and oil will be transferred onto the matrices and into the magazine4 ,battered ears or lugs on the matrices will cause distributor stops4 ,the ears of the offending matrices should be examined1 and if it is found they are battered out of shape or increased in thickness1 they should be carefully dressed down with a very fine file or a matrix file gauge to their original thickness4 ,care should be taken to see that the edges or sides of the matrix bodies are not altered4 ,when the ears of the matrices become bent they can be straightened by laying the bent matrix on a perfectly flat surface and with a pair of smooth jawed pliers straighten the matrix so it will lie flat on the surface without rocking4 ,if it becomes necessary to straighten a matrix with a hammer care should be used to use a very light one4 ,the shape of the matrix can be changed very easily when pounded1 and the matrix can not align properly with the other matrices4 ,,to ,,remove ,a ,,distributor ,,box ,back the machine until the second elevator descends from its seat4 ,pull down on the magazine channel entrance4 7,if the box is equipped with the automatic font distinguisher1 press in on the stud until the distinguisher is resting against the lower front rail of the box and turn the stud to right a quarter of a turn47 ,press downward on the handle of the screw which holds the box in position and unscrew until it stops4 ,pull downward on the box4 ,care must be used in replacing the box to seat as high as it will go and have the washer on the screw so that it clamps the box bracket to the distributor beam4 ,turn upward on the handle of the screw4 ,the new distributor box bracket is provided with pins that fit in a groove in the distributor beam to prevent the box being placed in any other than the correct position4 ,,first ,,elevator ,,jaws ,,and ,,slide ,the first elevator slide is held in place by four gibs on the vise frame so that the jaws will stand parallel with the mold4 ,the gibs are also used for adjusting the first elevator jaws so they will just clear the delivery and the intermediate channels4 ,the slide is operated by cam ,no4 #a1 through the first elevator and the auxiliary levers and connecting link4 ,the first elevator jaws are attached to the top of the first elevator slide4 ,they carry the line of matrices to the casting position and then to the second elevator4 ,when the matrices have entered the first elevator jaws they are in position with their face toward the mold4 ,the elevator slide travels down to the vise1 the mold advances and the lower lugs of the matrices enter the groove of the mold1 the elevator raises for alignment and lifts the line up against the aligning groove1 or mold keeper1 of the mold for casting4 ,as the first elevator jaws descend to the vise cap1 the center screw in the top of the first elevator slide strikes on the vise cap and regulates the distance from the lugs of the matrices to the aligning groove in the mold when the mold slide advances4 ,there should be #a_/fd of an inch space between the bottom of the center screw and vise cap when first elevator is lifted for alignment4 ,if the center screw is not properly adjusted1 when the mold advances the lower lugs on the matrices would be sheared4 ,an entire font of matrices might be ruined in a very short time in this manner4 ,to test this adjustment1 place a good matrix in the first elevator jaws1 turn the machine until the adjusting screw is resting on the vise cap1 disconnect the mold slide and bring the mold disk forward so the lug of the matrix enters the groove in the mold4 ,raise the elevator slide with the left hand1 which raises the lug of the matrix against the aligning groove in the mold4 ,at this point there should be #a_/fd of an inch between the end of the center screw and the vise cap4 ,if not1 turn the screw with the right hand until it is resting on the vise cap4 ,then turn the screw to the left until it is approximately #a_/fd of an inch from the vise cap4 ,on the older model machines this adjusting screw is of an inch in diameter and has #af threads to the inch4 ,by turning the screw to the left one-quarter of a revolution1 it allows the #a_/fd-;inch adjustment4 ,on all new machines the adjusting screw is inch in diameter and has #ab threads to the inch4 ,turning the screw one-fifth of a revolution allows the #a_/fd-;inch adjustment4 ,as the mold disk moves forward the elevator jaws raise for alignment1 the lower lugs of the matrices being raised against the aligning groove in the mold4 ,the locking stud blocks receive the mold disk locking studs so that the mold sets parallel with the side of the vise4 ,the elevator should be adjusted so that the jaws will be parallel with the mold4 ,if the jaws are not parallel with the mold the face alignment on the slug will not be straight4 ,the method of testing this adjustment is made by setting the vise jaws to #cj picas1 placing a good matrix in each end of the first elevator jaws4 ,let the first elevator jaws down on the vise cap4 ,disconnect the mold slide2 bring the mold slide forward by hand4 ,be sure it comes over the lugs of the matrices without binding1 as the matrices must be free4 ,to test the alignment1 raise the first elevator by hand1 thus raising the lugs of the matrices up against the aligning groove in the mold4 ,if the matrix on the right-hand side is found to be tight1 and the one on the left-hand side is found to be loose1 this proves that the first elevator jaws are not parallel with the mold4 ,the four gibs act as a guide for the elevator slide4 ,if the matrix on the left-hand side is loose1 the two top gibs should be moved to the right1 and the two bottom gibs moved to the left4 ,in taking down or erecting a machine1 do not disturb the two gibs on the right-hand side4 ,leave them for a guide to adjust the other two gibs4 ,on machines that have the inclined galley it is necessary to remove the right-hand gib to remove the galley bracket1 but as it is doweled1 it is impossible to get it back into the wrong position4 ,the elevator jaw must be adjusted so as to clear the intermediate and delivery channels without binding4 ,if it is too far away1 move all four gibs exactly the same distance4 ,the first elevator jaws should align with the second elevator bar when the first elevator is at its full up-stroke1 so that the matrices will pass freely from the first to the second elevator4 ,when the first elevator goes to the slide guide1 the square head adjusting screw on the bottom of the slide comes in contact with the vise frame1 regulates the height to which the elevator raises1 the screw holding the slide1 and the spring in the connecting link being compressed to take up the extra movement of the elevator lever4 ,unless the matrices transfer freely from the first elevator jaws to the second elevator bar1 the combinations would soon become damaged1 causing poor distribution4 ,test by transferring a line from the jaws to the bar by hand4 ,if the line of matrices moves onto the bar without dragging1 the adjustment need not be disturbed4 ,whenever it is necessary to make this adjustment1 place the machine in transfer position1 place a matrix that has all the combinations1 in the first elevator jaws against the spring pawls2 place a piece of white paper in the spaceband box1 at the end of the spaceband lever pawl2 lay an electric light on the transfer channel2 close one eye1 looking through the first elevator from the left end with the other2 adjust with the screw on the bottom of the first elevator slide1 at the right side1 so the combinations on the matrix align with grooves on the second elevator bar4 ,the final test for this adjustment1 is to transfer the line as above stated4 ,the line must transfer without dragging4 ,use the adjusting screw until this is accomplished4 ,before making the adjustment be sure the first elevator jaws are not loose on the slide1 that the left end of the second elevator bar is not battered1 that the second elevator plate is not loose1 or worn1 that the second elevator is adjusted properly1 that there is no dirt or gum holding the second elevator from seating1 that there is no metal on top of the adjusting screw1 that the screw which holds the first elevator slide stop is not loose4 ,see that the transfer slide finger is not bent4 ,,first ,,elevator ,,jaws ,the first elevator jaws consist of the front and back jaws1 the jaw spring pawls1 duplex rail1 duplex rail levers and springs1 separating block1 and line stop4 ,the two jaws are held together by two screws extending through the separating block4 ,on the right-hand end of the jaws are the spring pawls4 ,the pawl for the back jaw is held in a slot by two small screws and projects through to the front4 ,the front jaw pawl is grooved and held in place by two screws and a plate1 and projects through to the back4 ,these two pawls retain the matrices after they have entered the jaws4 ,should they break or become inoperative1 the matrices would have a tendency to jump out of the jaws just before entering the vise jaws or while going to transfer position in the top guide4 ,a broken pawl sometimes will catch the line of matrices and prevent it from passing into the jaws4 ,to renew the front pawl1 release the two small screws that hold the plate and slip the pawl toward the right4 ,the back pawl can be changed by taking out the two small screws that hold it in position4 ,the first elevator front jaw is equipped with a duplex rail for the purpose of holding the front lugs of the matrices in a raised position to cast a line of matrices in auxiliary position4 ,this rail is held in position by two springs which are fastened to the two duplex rail levers4 ,the rail is automatically retracted when the elevator rises to the slide guide1 by the upper ends of the rail levers being pressed back by two operating blocks which are assembled on the adjusting strip of the slide guide4 ,this backward movement of the rail permits the matrices to drop to normal position for the transfer4 ,if a squirt occurs and the metal gets in around the duplex rails or on the first elevator jaws1 it will prevent the rail from being retracted4 ,this will prevent the elevator slide from going high enough for the matrices to be transferred4 ,never remove metal from the jaws with a screwdriver or a piece of steel4 ,a piece of brass rule will answer the purpose and will not damage the jaws when driving out the metal4 ,the duplex rail sometimes becomes battered or bent through the carelessness of the operator in sending in tight lines4 ,the rail can be taken out and smoothed up by taking the jaws off the slide and removing the plate at the bottom of the front jaw4 ,the back jaw should be examined frequently for burrs or a sprung jaw4 ,if the jaw becomes sprung outward it will permit the end matrix to crawl up in the jaws and the lugs will be sheared or bent as the mold slide comes forward for the lockup4 ,there should be just enough space between the jaws for a matrix to pass in without binding1 but not enough to allow the matrix to be raised past the duplex rail1 from lower to auxiliary position4 ,if the jaw is bent inward1 the spaceband can not operate freely4 ,never pry out on the jaws with a screw driver when there is a squirt holding the jaws to the disc of the mold cap1 for there is a chance of bending the back jaw4 ,whenever the jaws are held on the vise cap after a squirt1 always remove the screws from the back jaws1 take off the jaw guard on the vise cap and let the vise down4 ,this method will prevent springing the jaw because the back jaw will hang to the squirt when the vise is let down4 ,,first ,,elevator ,,jaw ,,line ,,stop ,the first elevator jaw line stop1 which prevents the matrices from twisting or falling out while the line is being carried to the vise or the top guide1 is found in the first elevator jaw1 and is held by a clamp1 spring1 and nut4 ,the outer end of the line stop is cut away so as to clear the vise jaw1 on all models except #a and ,k4 ,always have the cut on the under side2 if reversed it would strike on the vise jaw and not allow the first elevator to descend the full distance4 ,the inner end of the line stop should set against the first matrix on the left end of the line after the line has been justified4 ,do not set the clamp lock-nut tight or it will not allow the line stop to move when changing to a longer measure4 ,,first ,,elevator ,,slide ,,connecting ,,link ,the first elevator slide connecting link is the connection between the first elevator slide and the first elevator lever1 and is fastened to the slide by a pin extending through an eyebolt and to the first elevator lever by a wing pin extending through an eyebolt4 ,the first elevator jaws should not be more than #a_/fd of an inch lower than the grooves in the delivery channel4 ,make this adjustment by turning the connecting link casing4 ,the connecting link is constructed of a casing or tube1 inside of which is a compression spring4 ,this spring is held in place at the bottom by a movable nut inside of the lower end of the casing1 and by a screw cap at the top of the casing4 ,the movable nut has a slot on one side which fits over a pin in the casing4 ,this prevents the nut from turning except when the casing is turned4 ,the casing also has a screw cap on the lower end1 through which an eyebolt passes4 ,the lower eyebolt screws into the movable nut inside the casing1 against which the spring rests4 ,at the top of the casing is another eyebolt which screws into the top screw cap4 ,the upper eyebolt is of an inch from the inner edge of the hole to the shoulder of the upper cap1 and the lower eyebolt #ac_/af of an inch from the inner edge of the hole to the shoulder of the bushing when applied to the machine1 making #h inches from center to center of the holes in the eyebolts4 ,the lower eyebolt is #a_/af of an inch longer than the upper eyebolt4 ,as the upper eyebolt has a left-hand thread and the lower eyebolt a right-hand thread1 the lower eyebolt still remains #a_/af of an inch longer than the upper eyebolt1 and still retains the same compression on the spring when it becomes necessary to turn the connecting link a trifle to raise or lower the elevator4 ,the alignment of the matrices takes place as the elevator raises the lugs of the matrices up against the aligning groove of the mold4 ,by the lower eyebolt passing through the clearance hole in the screw cap when the alignment takes place1 the lower nut is lifted against the spring inside the casing and the spring compresses just enough to align the lugs of the matrices in the groove of the mold4 ,this holds the line against the mold by spring tension4 ,if the connecting link was a solid piece1 when the line was raised to the mold it would lock so tight that in a short time the lugs would be worn1 causing a bad alignment of the matrices4 ,the object of the spring inside the casing is to prevent this wear4 ,having the lower eyebolt #a_/af of an inch longer than the upper1 the correct compression of the spring is given4 ,the elevator1 when it raises from the vise for alignment with no matrices1 is raised nearly of an inch4 ,notice the difference with a line of matrices in the elevator4 ,it is held at the mold by the lugs of the matrices1 the compression spring in the link taking up the extra motion of the first elevator lever4 ,,auxiliary ,,lever ,the distance from center to center of the holes should measure #h inches when the link has been properly adjusted4 ,if the first elevator jaws do not come within #a_/fd of an inch of aligning with delivery slide channel after the connecting link has been adjusted and applied to the machine1 adjust the slide with the auxiliary lever4 ,this is necessary to compensate for wear on the face of cam ,no4 #a and the auxiliary lever roller4 ,by loosening the connecting screw in the side of the auxiliary lever1 make the adjustment by turning the adjusting screw in the front side of the auxiliary lever4 ,never try to make this adjustment with the connecting screw tight1 as the lug of the auxiliary lever is liable to be broken4 ,,the ,,second ,,elevator ,the second elevator consists of two levers1 connected by a bolt and cushion spring4 ,the short lever carries a roller which operates on cam ,no4 #f4 ,the short lever operates the long lever1 to carry the matrices from the first elevator to the distributor box4 ,on the outer end of the second elevator lever is the bar plate and second elevator bar4 ,the matrices are held on this bar by their combination teeth4 ,on the right-hand end of the second elevator bar plate is a stop pawl4 ,the stop pawl prevents the matrices being pushed too far to the right during the transfer from the first elevator to the second elevator1 and keeps the matrices from striking the distributor box bar when the second elevator is being raised to its upper position4 ,when the elevator is at transfer point1 the roller should be free of the cam4 ,adjust by the nut on the connecting bolt which connects the two levers4 ,this is to assure the elevator seating in its proper position on the transfer channel to receive the line of matrices from the first elevator4 ,the machine should be in normal position1 the automatic stopping pawl resting on the upper stopping lever1 when making this adjustment4 ,with the machine in normal position1 adjust so the connecting bolt is free to turn1 with no end play between the head of the bolt and the adjusting nut4 ,when this adjustment is properly made1 and the machine is turned to transfer position1 the roller will be free of the cam4 ,when in normal position the second elevator bar will align with the bar of the distributor box4 ,unless the connecting bolt is free to turn when the machine is in normal position1 the second elevator will not be properly seated in the distributor shifter guide1 and the second elevator and distributor box bars will not align4 ,,second ,,elevator ,,starting ,,spring ,located just inside the machine frame1 near cam ,no4 #b1 and connected to the short lever of the second elevator1 is the second elevator starting spring and rod4 ,when the second elevator is at transfer point the adjusting nut should touch the spring4 ,the spring is to start the elevator down and prevent sticking at the distributor4 ,the most tension is on the spring when the machine is at normal position and as the cam revolves1 the second elevator cam lever will get its proper movement when going to transfer position4 ,the spring also causes a steady movement of the second elevator lever when going from transfer to normal position4 ,this adjustment has become obsolete on the new machines4 ,,second ,,elevator ,,safety ,,catch ,on the end of the second elevator lever1 near cam ,no4 #aj1 either beneath or at the back side of the shaft1 is a projection for the purpose of preventing the elevator from falling and being damaged should anything catch or hold the lever momentarily from following the cam4 ,this projection engages with a safety pawl on the machine frame4 ,this pawl must be released before the lever roller can rest on the cam4 ,when the elevator descends at its regular time1 the safety catch is held open by a raised piece on the surface of cam ,no4 #aj4 ,,main ,,cams ,the main cams control the movements of the various levers of the machine and their operations are dependent on these cams4 ,the assembling and distributing mechanisms alone are independent of the main cams4 ,standing at the rear of the machine and counting from the right1 the cams have the following action3 ,cam ,no4 #a is the first elevator cam4 ,this cam operates the first elevator slide1 through the auxiliary and first elevator levers1 by means of a connection made by a connecting link4 ,this cam lowers the first elevator slide and jaws with the matrix line to the mold and then lifts it to the intermediate channel for the transfer to the second elevator bar4 ,the elevator has five changes of position in the casting of the line4 ,the second is the distributor shifter cam4 ,this cam is inside the frame of the machine1 under cam ,no4 #c1 and to which it is fastened with two dowel pins and a screw4 ,this cam operates the distributor shifter for transferring the matrices from the second elevator bar to the distributor box and forcing the matrix line against the matrix lift4 ,this action is produced by a rider assembled in the distributor shifter hub which is fastened by a shaft to the mold gear arm4 ,the rider is brought up against the face of this cam by a coil spring which is fastened to the lower end of the hub and to the frame of the machine4 ,assembled with the rider in the hub is a cushion spring that takes care of any undue strain that might occur in the action of the cams4 ,the third is the mold turning cam4 ,the two gear segments attached to this cam impart rotation to the mold turning pinion which in turn revolves the mold disk4 ,the short segment engages the pinion and turns the disk one-quarter revolution1 bringing the mold in position to receive the line of matrices4 ,the long segment in turn brings the disk and mold to ejecting position1 completing the revolution of the cams4 ,the fourth 7a part of cam ,no4 #c7 is the vise closing and second justification cam4 ,the lever1 directly under this cam1 has a roller that follows the contour of the cam4 ,a heavy coil spring beneath the lever presses the roller against the cam4 ,the lever is forked at the front end and actuates the vise closing mechanism1 and also acts with the justification lever in making the second justification4 ,the fifth is the justification lever cam4 ,the lever directly under this cam has a roller that follows the contour of the cam4 ,the heavy coil spring beneath the lever presses the roller against the contour of this cam1 justifying the line of matrices by forcing the spacing mechanism against the spacebands4 ,this lever in its downward motion operates the slug lever4 ,the sixth 7a part of cam ,no4 #e7 is the second elevator cam1 which operates the second elevator arm by means of a roller following the contour of this cam4 ,this arm1 to which the lever is fastened1 lowers the second elevator to receive the line of matrices at the transfer position and then raises them to the distributor box4 ,the seventh is the pot pump cam and operates the pump lever4 ,there is a roller on this lever resting against the face of the cam4 ,this lever forces the metal into the mold cell as the cam revolves to the low portion4 ,the lever is forced down by a strong spring4 ,the new style pot pump lever is connected to its shaft and has a lever extending into the column4 ,it is pulled downward by a stiff coil spring4 ,the eighth is the pot cam1 which acts on the pot lever1 forcing the mouth of the pot forward against the mold4 ,there are two shoes on this cam4 ,the first or short shoe is to cause the face alignment2 the second or long shoe is to lock the pot firmly against the mold before the slug is cast4 ,a roller is carried in the pot lever and follows the contour of this cam and is the medium through which the above lockup is accomplished4 ,the ninth is the mold slide cam and driving gear4 ,the right side of this gear is channeled out1 and carries the mold slide lever roller which operates the mold slide to advance the mold disk to a position in which the lugs of the matrices are held in the groove of the mold for alignment4 ,it also returns the mold disk after the line has been cast1 advances it again to ejecting position1 and returns it after the slug is ejected4 ,this gear also carries the pot return cam1 which withdraws the pot from the mold after the cast4 ,it also carries the ejector cam which engages the pawl on the ejector lever and moves it forward1 ejecting the slug from the mold4 ,the tenth cam operates the delivery slide and transfer cam roller arms and causes these two parts to return to normal position after their respective movements4 ,the delivery slide cam roller rotates on the outer surface1 while the transfer slide cam roller acts on the inner surface4 ,this cam also retracts the ejector lever after the slug has been ejected4 ,the automatic safety and stopping pawls are attached to this cam4 ,they are operated by the transfer slide and the delivery slide rollers4 ,this cam really consists of two parts in one1 the outer cam controlling the return of the delivery slide and the inner one controlling the return of the transfer slide lever4 ,the cams are all fastened together by four long bolts extending from cam ,no4 #b and ending at cam ,no4 #i4 ,they are all keyed to the main shaft and held in place by a set screw under cam ,no4 #g4 ,the cams can be shifted a little sidewise but should set against a collar on the left side of the main shaft under cam ,no4 #b4 ,cam ,no4 #aj is held in place by a key on the shaft and a set nut and is kept from working toward the left by a locating piece fastened to the main shaft4 ,the cams should be kept clean to prevent undue wear4 ,under ordinary conditions1 the cams should be cleaned once each week4 ,this may be accomplished by locking the controlling lever out so the cams will continue to rotate4 ,then hold a rag against the surface of the cam4 ,a small amount of a mixture of gasoline and kerosene on the rag will help to cut all dirt and grit loose from the cams1 and leave the surface in good condition and reduce the wear4 ,cams allowed to run without being cleaned will wear very rapidly and soon cause much trouble and expense4 ,,first ,,elevator ,,slide ,,guide ,the first elevator slide guide contains the intermediate bar and pawl 7assembled71 adjusting screws for the same1 first elevator jaw duplex rail operating blocks1 and the elevator transfer slide releasing lever4 ,the height of the intermediate bar and pawl is adjusted by the two small screws that pass through the top and touch the bar4 ,the purpose of the bar and pawl is to push down any spacebands that may not have dropped to normal position as the line is carried from casting position to the transfer4 ,if the pawl was set too high1 the spacebands would strike the second elevator bar1 and wear the lower rail4 ,the bar should be set so that when the second elevator is seated at transfer position1 the pawl1 when raised to its highest point1 will be in line with the bottom of the second elevator bar4 ,this adjustment is made with the two screws that pass through the slide guide and touch the intermediate bar4 ,it is also necessary for both ends of the intermediate bar to be the same height4 ,after adjusting the pawl1 turn the machine until the transfer slide finger has entered the channel2 lay a six-inch scale flat on the first elevator jaws in line with the bar1 but clearing the pawl4 ,raise the first elevator slide by hand until the scale touches the bar4 ,adjust the bar horizontal with the scale by the same two screws that pass through top of the slide guide4 ,,duplex ,,rail ,,operating ,,blocks ,the first elevator jaw duplex rail operating blocks are fastened to the slide guide adjusting strip and have a limited adjustment1 but when they are worn so they will not operate the rail properly1 they should be renewed4 ,,releasing ,,lever ,the releasing lever is for the purpose of preventing the transfer of a line in case the second elevator does not descend or seat properly4 ,the adjusting screw in the side of the second elevator lever should raise the left end of the releasing lever #a_/cb of an inch above the block on the transfer slide when the second elevator is seated in transfer position4 ,,transfer ,,slide ,the transfer slide gets its motion from the transfer lever to which it is connected by means of a link4 ,the transfer lever gets its action from the split transfer cam lever and roller1 which are held against cam ,no4 #aj by a spring in the column4 ,the slide should be adjusted to allow #e-i_/af inches from the intermediate channel to slide finger4 7,allow one inch more on #cf-;em machines74 ,this adjustment should be made with the machine in normal position4 ,loosen the two screws on the split lever1 move the slide finger #e-i_/af inches from the channel1 and hold2 then move the roller against the cam and tighten the screws4 ,this adjustment is necessary so that a #cj-;em line1 which measures #e inches1 will clear the transfer slide finger #e_/cb of an inch4 ,the last matrix is carried #ac_/cb of an inch inside the first elevator jaws4 ,there will be a clearance of #e_/cb of an inch from the first matrix and the transfer slide finger when the machine is in transfer position4 ,be sure the transfer finger is not bent when measuring this distance4 ,the cut in the slide finger should be flush with the left end of the second elevator bar plate1 when it has transferred the line to the second elevator4 ,this adjustment is made by the screw in the automatic safety pawl1 which comes in contact with the buffer1 on cam ,no4 #aj4 ,with the machine in transfer position1 the cam lever roller is against the buffer in cam ,no4 #aj4 ,the adjusting screw in the automatic safety pawl1 being against the inner end of buffer1 regulates the distance between the cut in the finger and second elevator bar plate4 ,this adjustment1 when properly made1 insures the line being moved from the first to the second elevator4 ,turning the adjusting screw to the right increases the distance between the slide finger and the bar plate4 ,turning to the left decreases it4 ,the horizontal screw in the transfer slide should bank against the buffer in the spaceband lever to allow of an inch between the cut in the slide finger and the spaceband lever pawl when the slide finger and spaceband lever pawl are at their closest point during transfer4 ,after the line has been transferred to the second elevator the spacebands1 not having combinations1 remain in the transfer channels and must be moved under the spaceband lever pawl so they can be returned to spaceband box4 ,when the transfer cam lever roller is at the lowest part of cam ,no4 #aj1 the adjusting screw in transfer slide1 coming in contact with the buffer in the spaceband lever1 regulates the distance between the cut in the slide finger and the bottom of the slot in the spaceband lever pawl4 ,,spaceband ,,lever ,the spaceband lever gets its motion from the transfer lever1 through a turnbuckle which connects the transfer lever and the spaceband lever4 ,the purpose of this form of coupling1 so threaded that when connecting the two levers it may be turned to regulate the length of the connected parts1 is to adjust the spaceband lever so the spaceband lever pawl will pass the highest point of the spaceband box rails1 properly bringing the spacebands into the box4 ,before making the spaceband lever adjustment1 make sure that the transfer slide finger is properly adjusted4 ,then place the machine in normal position4 ,adjust the turnbuckle so the hook of the pawl passes to the right of the highest point of the spaceband box rails not more than #a_/af of an inch4 ,if there is too much space between the end of the pawl and the latch on the spaceband box1 which is used as a lock1 when recasting #cj ems the slide finger would move to the right against the line and force the matrix from the inner end of the first elevator before the pawl would come in contact with the latch4 ,if the slide adjustments are properly made1 the turning of the turnbuckle will have no effect in the adjustment of the slide finger4 ,,spaceband ,,lever ,,pawl ,the spaceband pawl is fastened to the spaceband lever by a pivot pin and held in place by a bushing1 which fits over the pin4 ,the screw which clamps the bushing to the pin extends downward through the top of the lever4 ,the pawl pulls the spacebands back into the box after the transfer4 ,the pawl should ride freely in the transfer channel1 its bearing being a pin screwed into the back side of the pawl4 ,this pin rides on the top of the transfer channel4 ,the sidewise adjustment of the pawl is made by loosening the screw in the top of the transfer lever and allowing the machine to turn over for a few lines1 the pawl thus seating itself4 ,the spaceband pawl is held down on the transfer channel by a small spring4 ,the tension of this spring should be strong enough to hold the spacebands from slipping from under the pawl4 ,,mold ,,slide ,the mold slide1 which carries the mold disk and molds1 moves in a slideway at the right of the metal pot and gets its action from cam ,no4 #i1 and the mold cam lever on which are assembled two rollers4 ,one roller is fastened to the lever by a screw and a washer1 and is seated in a depression in the rear end of the mold slide connecting the mold slide with cam ,no4 #i4 ,the other roller has as its bearing an adjustable eccentric pin fastened to the mold cam lever1 and follows the contour of the cam in the right side of cam ,no4 #i4 ,when a line of matrices is in position in front of the mold1 the mold slide advances so that the lugs of the matrices will enter the aligning grooves of the mold4 ,this position is held until the spacebands are driven up for justification and the line is raised for alignment4 ,the slide then comes forward a second time for final lockup just as the metal pot locks against the back of the mold4 ,when the mold slide comes forward the first time there should be 4#jaj of an inch space between the mold and the vise jaws or the line4 ,this space between the mold and the jaws is regulated by the eccentric pin in the mold cam lever roller1 and allows the proper justification and alignment of the matrices before the final lockup4 ,during the alignment and during the first justification1 the matrices must be perfectly free1 so that they may readjust themselves sidewise in the line4 ,hence the importance of preventing the mold from pressing forward against the matrices and spacebands at its first movement4 ,if the slide advances too far forward the aligning groove of the mold would engage the lugs of the matrices before the first elevator jaws were seated properly on the vise cap1 shearing the lugs of the matrices4 ,or if the mold was forced to lockup tight against the line1 it would prevent justifying properly1 causing hair lines to show between the matrices or a squirt on the left-hand end4 ,if there is too much space between the mold and the jaws1 when the first elevator raises for alignment1 the lugs of the matrices not being in the aligning groove1 would permit the line of matrices to raise to the upper aligning groove of the mold1 causing the line of matrices to be cast on the raised position2 or if the aligning groove did not advance close to hold the lugs1 there would be a small squirt4 ,the 4#jaj of an inch adjustment also affects the lockup of the slide at ejecting position4 ,if there is a trifle more space between the mold and the line than 4#jaj of an inch1 the mold will not seat against the banking blocks at ejecting point4 ,this will sometimes allow the slug to twist slightly1 causing it to be trimmed crooked4 ,to test this adjustment3 ,turn the casting mechanism until the first elevator jaws are resting on the vise cap2 place a pig of metal under the head of the slide and on top of the vise automatic stop rod2 fold a piece of newspaper three thicknesses1 or proof paper until it measures about 4#jaj of an inch2 close the vise jaws2 place the paper between the mold and the vise jaws2 turn the machine by hand until the metal pot is just ready to move forward2 pull up on the paper1 which should bind a trifle as it is being withdrawn4 ,if the paper does not bind or binds too tight it would show that the slide is out of adjustment4 ,to make the slide adjustment1 place the paper between the jaws and the mold as in the test4 ,change the position of the mold slide by moving the eccentric pin in the mold cam lever roller so that the paper can be withdrawn1 binding just a trifle4 ,moving the handle forces the mold slide either forward or backward1 as desired4 ,the mold slide moves in the slideway on a gib4 ,there should be 4#jjg of an inch play between the mold slide and the gib because the mold slide will expand from the heat of the metal pot1 but by having the above mentioned play1 it will not bind1 and will slide in and out freely4 ,this adjustment is made by the two square head screws under the gib on which the slide moves4 ,there is no gib on the late model machines1 and consequently no adjustment for the slideway4 ,as the mold slide advances1 it slides up on the locking stud blocks on the vise1 raising the slide approximately 4#jjg of an inch4 ,the screw beneath the mold disk guide on the mold gear arm should have a little clearance above it when the slide is forward on the locking stud blocks4 ,there should be play enough to slip a sheet of paper between the screw and the guide when the mold disk is forward on the locking studs4 ,to remove a mold slide3 ,lower the vise to second position1 disconnect the mold slide1 and take out the ejector lever link4 ,pull forward on the slide and disk1 assembled1 and lift out4 ,,mold ,,disk ,,locking ,,studs ,,and ,,blocks ,after the mold disk makes the one-quarter and three-quarter revolutions1 the mold slide advances and the mold disk locking studs enter the locking stud blocks which are on the vise4 ,this keeps the disk in position until the slug has been cast or ejected1 as the case may be4 ,on old style machines the bushings are in the disk1 and the studs are in the blocks4 ,on all the new machines the studs are in the disk and each bushing and block is made in one piece4 ,the blocks are held to the vise by the screws and dowel pins that pass through the front of the vise and screw into the blocks4 ,the left-hand stud block on the newer models is loose sidewise1 which permits the studs to enter the stud blocks with the minimum amount of wear to the parts4 ,the stud blocks can be renewed by taking the old ones off one at a time and using the remaining block as a guide4 ,the studs should be kept lubricated with a little graphite and grease4 ,too much will collect on the mold and get to the matrices4 ,,ejector ,,slide ,the ejector slide is connected to the ejector lever1 by means of a link1 and is located in the channel cut in the side of the mold slide4 ,it is operated by the ejector cam1 which comes in contact with the ejector lever pawl4 ,the cam is held tight to cam ,no4 #i by means of a screw and dowel pin4 ,after the ejector lever is brought forward1 it is pushed back into position by cam ,no4 #aj coming in contact with a projection on the ejector lever4 ,there is a buffer spring placed on the ejector slide which prevents the slide falling forward with a sudden jerk after the ejector lever has passed its center of gravity and the slug has passed the resistance of the trimming knives4 ,the spring works on a rod which banks against the ejector blade guide4 ,if this spring is not functioning1 the slug will be thrown out on the floor4 ,,ejector ,,blade ,the blade is connected to the ejector slide by the pins that pass through the holes in the blade1 the pins being operated by the springs1 throw-out cam1 and lever4 ,the blade pushes the slug out of the mold1 between the trimming knives1 into the chase channel4 ,when the ejector blade advances to the ejecting position the front end should come flush with the bracket on the chase or galley4 ,if it advanced beyond1 the slug would be pushed out of the galley to the floor4 ,if it does not advance flush1 the slug not being pushed all the way out1 would be turned to the right by the slug lever4 ,the adjustment is made with the screw that passes through the ejector lever pawl4 ,if the blade advances beyond the bracket1 turn in the pawl screw and raise the pawl4 ,the higher the pawl is raised1 the less distance the slug advances4 ,on machines that have the inclined galley1 adjust blade to come flush with the bevel on the knife block liner4 ,,ejector ,,guide ,,block ,the outer end of the ejector blade is held in place and guided by the ejector guide block which sets directly back of the flange of the mold disk1 and is held by two machine screws passing through each end of the block into the mold slide4 ,this guide holds the blade in position so it will pass squarely through the mold4 ,it also helps the buffer spring to steady the forward motion of the ejector4 ,the point of contact of the ejector block with the ejector blade is made of brass and is held against the blade by spring tension4 ,the ejector blade guide should be kept free from oil1 dirt1 and metal shavings1 as these impair the free working of the guide4 ,the brass strip should be replaced when worn4 ,loose screws or a worn brass strip will cause slugs to be thrown out on the floor4 ,,to ,,change ,,an ,,ejector ,,blade ,push in on the starting and stopping lever2 let the vise down to first position2 back the machine by pushing back on cam ,no4 #a until the second elevator falls on the safety hook2 turn the mold disk until the slot is in front of the blade2 push the ejector lever forward2 remove the blade by reaching the right-hand in alongside the mold slide and grasp the releasing lever and draw it towards the front4 ,change the blade for the size wanted1 and then let machine come to normal position4 ,be careful not to get a blade wider than the slug to be cast or there is danger of damaging the liners1 or the mold will be damaged4 ,a good plan is always to check up on the ejector blade after changing the liners4 ,,universal ,,ejector ,the universal ejector consists of a series of blades1 #e-points in thickness1 in #b-;em units2 as a rule the first1 or lower blade is a #d-;em1 and then in #b-;em units up to #cj-;ems pica4 ,these unit blades move between plates1 which brace them firmly on both sides1 making them rigid and preventing the blade from bending4 ,the back end of the unit blades are fastened to ejector blade links that move in grooves cut lengthwise of the slide4 ,there is a link for each unit blade and they terminate at the back end of the mold slide in front of a groove milled across the slide4 ,a movable controller bar works in a groove in the ejector slide1 moving up or down in the groove1 back of a lug on each of the blade links4 ,when the ejector lever forces the ejector slide forward1 the controller bar in the groove of the slide comes against the lugs of the ejector links forcing the blades forward through the mold4 ,the blades are withdrawn by a lug on the ejector slide coming in contact with the lugs on the links4 ,when desiring to change the length of the blade to be used1 move the ejector blade controlling lever handle up or down4 ,this handle is situated below the starting and stopping lever and is connected to the controller bar by a screw link4 ,also connected to this handle is a pica gauge which operates in a groove in the delivery channel4 ,moving the handle up or down engages less or more blades1 the length being indicated on the pica gauge in the delivery channel4 ,to remove the mold slide on machines which have a universal ejector1 lower the vise to second position1 set the ejector at #aj or #ab ems1 take out the ejector blade controller link which screws into the controller link lift4 ,this will permit the controller bar to drop out4 ,disconnect the mold slide and take out the ejector lever link4 ,if the machine is connected up with the water for cooling the molds1 it will be necessary to disconnect the hose before taking out the slide4 ,,removing ,a ,,stuck ,,slug ,when there is a slug stuck in the mold1 allow the machine to come to normal by backing the machine sufficiently to allow the ejector lever pawl to be raised1 draw back on the ejector lever until the pawl clears the ejector cam4 ,pull out the starting lever allowing the machine to come to normal4 ,open the vise and remove the slug from the mold by loosening the mold cap screws4 ,do not drive a stuck slug out with the ejector blade4 ,,mold ,,knife ,the mold or back knife trims the base of the slug and is fastened to the mold slide arm1 back of the mold disk4 ,it is placed at an angle of about #de degrees and is held by two washers and two round-head screws which pass through the slotted holes of the knife4 ,it is also held by two adjusting screws that set against the base so that the knife will set squarely and press lightly against the mold as the disk is turned from casting to the ejecting position4 ,as the mold passes in front of the knife1 the slug should be trimmed type-high1 which is 4#iah of an inch4 ,the front of the mold disk1 when turning1 must be bearing against the mold disk guide so as to keep the mold against the knife while the slug is being trimmed4 ,if the mold disk guide does not set snugly against the disk1 the disk will spring away from the knife and the slug will be higher on one end than the other4 ,the guide is adjusted by loosening the screw which holds it to the mold slide and moving it snugly against the mold disk4 ,do not set the guide tight enough to bind and prevent the free turning of the disk4 ,it sometimes happens that a disk will bind at one or more places as it is being turned4 ,this is due to the disk becoming warped from heat or some other cause4 ,if it is only a slight bind it will not interfere with the adjustment4 ,whenever it is necessary to put on a new or resharpened mold knife1 or to adjust it1 be sure the mold disk guide is bearing against the rim of the mold disk4 ,it is always better to remove the guide and clean it as it must be perfectly clean when it seats against the disk4 ,always have the knife away from the mold when seating the guide4 ,tighten the hexagon head screw slightly and then tap the guide until a slight pressure against the disk is secured4 ,turn the disk by hand until an even pressure has been secured and then tighten the hexagon head nut tight4 ,place the mold knife on the knife seat2 be sure the seat is clean1 for the least particle of dirt or metal will make it more difficult to make the adjustment4 ,also the bottom of the mold must be perfectly clean and free from all metal4 ,set the knife square with1 but not quite touching the mold4 ,tighten down on the two round-head screws1 then adjust with the two screws under the bottom of knife so that mold will turn without binding4 ,the left-hand end of the knife trims the ends of the slugs2 the center of the knife trims the center of the slugs4 ,avoid excessive pressure on either side as the knife is so shaped that the sharp edge should just touch the mold4 ,after making sure that the guide block and the knife are properly set1 cover the back of the mold with a thin coating of red lead2 turn the disk and mold until the mold passes the knife4 ,if the knife is adjusted properly1 it should scrape the lead from the mold4 ,it is not always an easy matter to set a mold knife1 taking considerable patience and care because the knife must be set to thousandths of an inch4 ,cast a slug and measure with the micrometers to make sure the slug is trimmed to the proper height4 ,when measuring the slug for height with micrometers1 use a slug #ae picas in length1 or one that fills half of the capacity of the mold4 ,have the regular letter characters cast on the slug4 ,metal will adhere to the bottom of the mold if the mold knife is not sharp or properly adjusted4 ,to keep a perfect lockup the bottom of the mold must be kept clean4 ,mold knives can be resharpened1 but as they are shaped to set just so the edge of the knife touches the mold and must not vary1 for even 4#jja of an inch will spoil the adjustment1 they should be shipped to the nearest agency to be resharpened4 ,be sure the knife is at fault before starting to adjust it4 ,,mold ,,banking ,,strips ,the mold banking strips are fastened on the vise1 one above the parallel knives and the other one below the bottom end of the knives4 ,these strips prevent the mold from coming in contact with the knives and holds the disk rigid when ejecting the slug1 assisting the knives in trimming the slug parallel4 ,the mold slide should advance the proper distance so the mold will just bank against the banking strips when forward for ejecting the slug4 ,,knife ,,block ,at the present time there are two styles of knife blocks in common use1 namely3 ,the wedge adjustment block1 which allows for a range from #e to #ab points1 inclusive2 and the universal knife block which allows for a range from #e to #cf points1 inclusive4 ,these blocks are fastened to the vise frame by two hexagon head machine screws and held rigid by four dowel pins4 ,to remove the block it is only necessary to take out the two machine screws and work the block out of the dowel pin holes4 ,a certain amount of care is necessary not to drop the block or bend the pins4 ,,trimming ,,knives ,the purpose of the trimming knives is to trim the slugs to the proper size and the sides parallel4 ,the measurement of a type-founders point is 4#jach- of an inch4 ,the measurement of a linotype point is 4#jad of an inch4 ,the point unit now used on the matrices is the one used by the type-founders4 ,the linotype point is still being used when adjusting the trimming knives4 ,a #aj-point slug1 when trimmed correctly1 should measure 4#adj of an inch1 or #aj times 4#jad of an inch4 ,the left-hand knife trims the overhang from the smooth side of the slug and is held to the vise by two square head screws that pass through the front1 and is adjusted by two screws1 at the top and bottom of the knife block and bearing against the knife4 ,this knife should be adjusted to be in line with the left side of the mold2 it is only intended to remove the fins which form at the top of the slug4 ,it is not intended to remove metal from the smooth side of the slug4 ,if the left-hand knife does not trim the overhang off the slug1 it will cause the slugs to be thicker at the top than at the bottom1 and be off their feet4 ,this will cause trouble in the lockup of the form1 the columns having a tendency to raise up in the center4 ,always loosen the two screws which hold the knife to the vise when making any adjustment of the left-hand knife4 ,turning in on the adjusting screws without loosening the two lock screws may cause the knife to spring and trim the slugs more in the center than on the ends4 ,the right-hand knife trims the slug to thickness and is held to the slide bracket on the universal knife block1 by two round head screws4 ,it is forced to the right against the adjusting screws by two springs4 ,the screws that hold the knife to the bracket should be loose when moving the adjusting screws outward1 as the spring should force the knife against the adjusting screws in this movement4 ,it is not necessary to release the screws that hold the knife to the bracket when turning the screws inward as the screws are forced against the knife in this adjustment4 ,the screws in the sector are set to step from one point size to another and should not be changed except when necessary to trim any body size to a special thickness4 ,beneath the bracket to which the knife is fastened are two spiral springs that force the bracket and knob button against the sector screws4 ,moving the lever operates the sector1 and the screw coming in contact with the button on the slide causes the knife to move in or out one point or as many as the lever is moved4 ,when casting a #aj-point slug1 have the pointer on figure #aj4 ,after having the knives adjusted to trim one size slug1 the knife block is constructed so as to trim all others1 by merely moving the handle on the knife block4 ,when changing the universal knife block1 be sure that one of the lever detent pins has entered the hole in the sector4 ,to adjust the trimming knives1 first set the right-hand knife by turning the two adjusting screws that are in the knife block slide bracket and touching the side of the knife1 so it will trim the ribs of a slug2 then adjust the knife that trims the overhang from the smooth side of the slug2 then re-adjust the right-hand knife to thickness and parallel4 ,do not attempt to adjust the knife that trims the overhang from the smooth side of the slug unless the right-hand knife is trimming the ribs4 ,,wedge ,,style ,,knife ,,block ,the wedge style knife block is the old style quick-change block and is held to the vise in the same manner as the universal block4 ,the left-hand knife is mounted and adjusted the same as with the universal block4 ,the right-hand knife is held to the block by two shoulder screws which pass through the two friction springs and washers from the front of the block4 ,this assembly holds the knife tight against the block1 but permits the two strong springs to force the knife against the wedge4 ,the wedge is operated by a small hand lever and is graduated from #e to #ab points1 inclusive4 ,by pulling the lever up or down the wedge moves and the knife follows the wedge4 ,,knife1 ,,right ,,hand1 ,,spring ,,plate ,there is a steel plate assembled in the right side of the knife block which keeps the slugs upright as they travel through the knife block into the chase4 ,this plate is called the knife spring plate and is held in place by two lugs at the back of the plate extending into the base of the right-hand knife4 ,it is forced toward the left by a flat bronze spring1 called the spring plate spring4 ,there should be just enough tension on this spring to force the plate up against the outgoing slug with an even pressure so the slug will be held upright as it is being pushed into the chase by the ejector blade4 ,the flat spring is so shaped that the ends fit behind rivet heads1 to hold the plate in place4 ,if the spring becomes bent so it will not stay behind the rivets1 the lugs will work out of their seat and the gate will obstruct the passageway of the slug4 ,this will oftentimes smash the face of the slugs4 ,,facts ,,and ,,suggestions ,,about ,,trimming ,,knives ,the right-hand knife must be adjusted so that its edge is exactly parallel with the left-hand knife in order to make the slug of equal thickness throughout its entire length4 ,the faces of the two knives separate slightly toward the front of the machine1 which allows the slug to pass freely forward from the cutting edges4 ,the right-hand knife must be shaped so there is a cutting edge of about #a_/fd of an inch on the side that stands next to the slug4 ,by having this edge the 8gouging0 of the knife into the slug is prevented1 and slugs are trimmed to equal thickness at the top and bottom4 ,this cutting edge must never be more than #a_/fd of an inch4 ,always remember that the knives can be set to trim the slugs perfectly from one point-size to another with accuracy1 but it requires patience1 as the knives must be adjusted to a thousandth part of an inch4 ,keep the knife block and the knives clean4 ,the seat of the knives should also be clean4 ,it will be impossible to get an accurate adjustment if dirt or gum interferes with the movement of the knives4 ,the trimming knives should have exceedingly sharp or thin edges to work satisfactorily4 ,if the knives become very dull or the cutting edge rounded or nicked1 they should be taken off the machine and reground4 ,send them to the nearest agency as they are equipped with grinders and other fixtures to do this regrinding and maintain the correct angles and shape of the knives4 ,always send both the right-hand and left-hand knives1 as they should be reground in pairs1 and the cutting edges should exactly match each other in order to obtain good results4 ,use a full measure slug when adjusting the trimming knives4 ,cast a full line of capital letters on the slug and hold the matrices for recast4 ,measure the slug on the ribs at the top and near the bottom4 ,the slug should measure the same at the top edge and near the bottom if the knife which trims the smooth side is correctly set4 ,the slug should measure the same at the top edge of both ends if the knife which trims the rib side of the slug is correctly set4 ,before setting the trimming knives1 make sure that the mold is properly seated in the mold disk and that there is no metal between the liners and the mold4 ,when the trimming knives become dull it is practically impossible to set them to trim accurately4 ,even when they are set nearly accurate1 they will hold the adjustment only a short time4 ,dull knives also cause trouble by making it difficult to eject the slug4 ,this will often cause the clutch to slip4 ,when a long slug measures thicker or thinner at the ends than in the center1 it is usually due to dull knives1 but may be caused by the knives being forced in a twist or strain by the adjusting screws or some foreign substance behind the knives4 ,,knife ,,wiper ,the knife wiper is a very important part of the ,linotype4 ,its function is to wipe the burrs or slug trimmings from the face of the parallel knives after a slug is ejected4 ,if the knife wiper is not working1 the face of the line of type will have an accumulation of shavings from the previous line on it4 ,the knife wiper in use on all machines of very recent manufacture is operated by a small roller1 fastened to a bracket on the first elevator slide1 which comes in contact with a lever connected to the knife wiper bar4 ,when the elevator goes from normal to the lower1 or casting1 position1 the knife wiper bar is forced upward4 ,on the upper end of the knife wiper bar is a small brass wiper which is forced upward with the bar4 ,this wiper rubs against the trimming knives1 cleaning them of the metal shavings which may have lodged from the previous slug trimmed4 ,there are no adjustments on this type of wiper1 except to have the brass lightly touching the knives4 ,,old ,,style ,,knife ,,wiper ,there are quite a number of the old style knife wipers still in use4 ,this knife wiper is operated by a latch rod on the first elevator lever4 ,this rod comes in contact with a latch on the knife wiper bar1 on its downward stroke1 and pushes the bar upward by coming in contact with the bottom of wiper bar on the upward stroke of the first elevator lever4 ,the wiper bar should be free to move up and down in the guides1 moving the brass wiper lightly over the face of the trimming knives4 ,on the upper part of the wiper bar are two pins which prevent the bar from going too far below the knives and too high above them4 ,a flat spring riding over the top of the bar holds it to the bottom of the guide so the brass wiper can operate properly4 ,the brass wiper is held to the bar with two flat head screws1 and the constant passing of the wiper over the face of the sharp knives soon wears the wiper so it will break off4 ,a new wiper must be applied or the shavings will hang to the slugs4 ,never have the wiper bearing too hard on the face of the knife as the constant rubbing up and down will dull the trimming edge of the knives and wear the wiper in a short time4 ,keep the knife wiper in good working condition all the time and save proofreader's marks4 ,do not forget that the knife wiper is operated by the first elevator slide4 ,therefore anything that prevents the free action of the wiper will interfere with the movement of the first elevator4 ,,mold ,,turning ,,cam1 ,,square ,,block1 ,,and ,,pinion ,the mold turning cam1 known as cam ,no4 #c1 has attached to its side the long and short gear segments which impart rotation to the mold turning pinion and square block as the cam revolves4 ,the square block and pinion are found on the inside of the mold gear arm4 ,the gear segments on the mold turning cam turns the pinion1 the pinion turns the mold turning shaft1 and the mold turning shaft turns the mold disk1 through the mold disk pinion which meshes with the mold disk4 ,the short segment turns the mold disk one-quarter of a revolution so as to bring the mold disk into casting position4 ,the long segment turns the disk three-quarters of a revolution1 bringing the mold and disk in ejecting position4 ,the mold disk makes one complete revolution in one revolution of the cams4 ,when the disk makes one-quarter revolution1 it is advanced so as to lock the stud block on the vise with the studs on the mold disk1 and the slug is cast2 the mold then is withdrawn and makes a three-quarter revolution1 advancing again and locking to eject the slug4 ,when the mold disk makes the quarter and three-quarter revolutions1 all lost motion must be taken up by the square block on the pinion4 ,if there is any lost motion1 the studs on the mold disk would not be parallel with the stud blocks on the vise so that they could not enter them without coming in contact with the rim of the stud block4 ,,adjusting ,,shoes ,on the mold turning cam are two adjustable steel shoes for the purpose of taking up the play between the shoes and the square block when in the casting and ejecting position4 ,these shoes are adjusted by screwing in on the bushing screws that extend through the cam and bank against the shoes4 ,each shoe is held in place by two machine screws that extend through the bushing screw into the shoe4 ,when adjusting the shoes care must be taken to make them parallel4 ,the distance from the front end of each shoe to the outside of the cam must be the same as it is from the back end of the shoe to the outside of the cam4 ,if these shoes are adjusted wider at the back than at the front they act as wedges as they go down by the square pinion1 and may break the cam at the weakest point4 ,if a shoe is set too tight against the square pinion it will break the cam4 ,all that is necessary is to adjust them so as to take up the lost motion between the shoes and the square pinion4 ,it is better to use a micrometer to measure the shoes to make sure they are parallel4 ,allow a trifle lost motion between the square block and the shoes1 because it is better for them to have a little play than to be too tight and perhaps break the cam4 ,the square block and pinion are held in position on the shaft by a set screw1 and there is no adjustment except to have this screw on the top when the machine is in normal position4 ,the screw passes through the square block to the shaft and must enter the spot drilled on the shaft for the point of the screw so as to hold the pinion tight4 ,on the two sides of the square block are two steel shoes1 which are held to it by screws4 ,these shoes can be renewed when they become worn4 ,,mold ,,driving ,,shaft ,,friction ,,clamp ,the object of the friction clamp is to prevent the mold disk from vibrating when advancing to the casting or ejecting position1 and is found attached to the mold driving shaft and held by a pin in the mold gear arm4 ,the lost motion in several pinions from which the mold disk gets its action1 will cause the disk to vibrate when stopping ready to advance on the vise stud blocks1 unless it is held by the clamp which acts as a brake4 ,when the mold disk has made the one-quarter and three-quarter revolutions it must remain in that position1 or the locking studs1 coming in contact with the rims of the stud block1 would wear4 ,the friction clamp which overcomes the vibration is made in two sections1 with a leather lining1 and connected to the mold turning shaft4 ,a spring1 washer1 and lock nut add to its construction4 ,the pin in the mold gear arm to which it is also connected prevents it from turning with the shaft4 ,do not have more friction than necessary1 for if there is too much1 the main clutch could not drive the machine1 as the strong friction on the clamp would overcome the pull of the clutch spring4 ,,retiming ,,mold ,,gears ,there are various methods of retiming the gears of the mold disk drive in case it is necessary to pull the disk forward while the machine is out of normal4 ,one method is to observe the position of the mold turning segments4 ,remember that the short segment causes the mold to revolve one-quarter revolution1 or from normal to casting position4 ,the long segment causes the mold to revolve three-quarters revolution1 or from casting to ejecting position4 ,the mold disk turns counter-clockwise4 ,place the gears in mesh so the punch marks on the gears register4 ,lock the mold slide in position4 ,the drive pinion makes one complete revolution for each quarter revolution of the mold disk1 and it goes on the connection pin at any complete revolution4 ,hold out on the drive pinion and turn the disk and drive pinion by hand the distance indicated by the amount of the segments which have passed the square block drive pinion4 ,when the connecting pin enters the hole in the drive pinion1 with the mold in the estimated position1 the disk should be in time4 ,be sure the mold which is being used is the one which is placed in this position4 ,for example1 if the short segment and half of the long segment have passed the square block drive pinion1 the mold should be turned one-half the distance from casting to ejection position4 ,to observe what part of the segment is past the pinion1 look directly underneath the frame of the machine which supports the mold turning shaft4 ,another method of putting the disk in time is to disregard the position of the cams1 connect the mold slide1 and bring the disk1 with the mold that is being used1 into ejecting position4 ,hold the mold turning pinion away from the pin that connects it to the shaft1 so that the disk will not revolve as the machine is set in motion4 ,pull out on the starting and stopping lever1 thus letting the machine run around to normal position4 ,be sure that the disk locking studs are parallel with the stud blocks before starting the machine4 ,it is only necessary to let the vise down1 disconnect the mold lever from the slide1 and put the disk and drive pinion in time4 ,,the ,,justification ,,levers ,,and ,,vise ,,justification ,the two justification levers are located under the metal pot and main cams1 extend forward from the back of the machine1 and connect with the vise justification rods4 ,these levers operate the justification rods and bar1 assembled on the vise1 and the vise closing lever4 ,the levers get their motion from rollers which follow the contour of cams ,no4 #d and #e1 and are held against the cams by two strong springs in the rear of the machine4 ,the justification bar rests on top of two rods that are forced up and down by the justification levers in guides in the frame of the vise4 ,the rods are connected together by the justification bar and a diagonal brace rod1 the various parts being connected by wing pins4 ,the function of the justification bar is to drive the spacebands upward to justify the line just before the line is cast4 ,the right-hand lever is called the first justification lever and is operated by cam ,no4 #e4 ,there are two upward movements of this lever3 ,the preliminary1 which justifies the line lightly2 and the final1 which justifies the line tightly for the cast4 ,when the justification lever forces the rods upward for the first justification1 the rod block moves upward at a slight angle1 striking the spaceband at the right-hand end of the line first1 and the others in quick succession4 ,this action is so rapid that all the spacebands appear to move upward simultaneously4 ,this causes the line to spread from right to left4 ,after the first justification the spacebands stand at an uneven height1 those at the right of the line being a trifle higher than those at the left4 ,since the line of matrices must fill the entire space between the jaws in order to cast1 it is apparent that in order to get the greatest possible freedom of action it is necessary that the matrices be pushed toward the left gradually4 ,should the rod block come up perfectly horizontal1 the spacebands would move to the left at the same time they are moving upward4 ,this would cause them to drag on the rod block and prevent a good lockup and alignment and a possibility of bending the spacebands4 ,by coming up on a slight angle1 each band is practically justified separately in its particular part of the line1 and the dragging of the bands on the rod block is greatly reduced4 ,the justification lever also makes a slight upward movement after the slug has been ejected4 ,this movement operates the slug lever1 through a roller1 and pushes the slugs forward in the stick4 ,the spring which operates the first justification lever should be strong enough to justify the line properly1 regardless of the number of spacebands in the line4 ,before changing the tension at any time1 be sure that the mold slide is properly adjusted4 ,if the mold should lock too tight against the line it would bind the matrices and prevent proper justification4 ,this would give the appearance of weak justification springs4 ,the left-hand lever is called the vise closing lever1 and is ,u-shaped on the forward end4 ,one arm is connected by a hinge pin to the left-hand vise closing wedge and block4 ,the other arm grooves around the left-hand justification rod1 beneath a lug on the rod4 ,after the line is brought to the casting position1 the vise closing lever moves upward1 immediately followed by the justification lever4 ,the vise closing lever locks the left-hand vise jaw against the line and assists the justification lever on its second movement upward4 ,while these two levers move almost in unison1 their functions are different4 ,on second justification1 the vise closing lever moves upward slightly in advance of the first justification lever and supports the left-hand end of the spaceband driving block1 so that the spacebands are all driven to an equal height4 ,on the first justification1 the vise closing lever does not come in contact with the spaceband driving block4 ,the justification spring is stronger than the vise closing spring4 ,if for any reason the justification springs are removed1 care should be taken that they are not changed while replacing them4 ,,the ,,vise ,the vise is that part of the machine which carries1 as its main parts1 the first elevator slide1 the vise justification rods1 the trimming knives1 the vise automatic1 the vise jaws1 the slug lever1 the mold disk locking stud blocks1 the mold banking blocks1 and the knife wiper4 ,the bottom end of the vise is hinged to the base of the machine by a shaft4 ,the top part is locked to the machine by the vise locking screws1 which interlock with the vise locking studs on the frame4 ,to open the vise to first position1 push the control lever all the way in1 and turn the handles of the locking screws in a vertical position1 in which position they will be disengaged from the vise locking studs4 ,the vise may be opened to first position at any time when the mold disk is not forward on the locking studs1 or the first elevator is not in the top guide4 ,the vise should never be opened to first position when the mold disk is forward on the locking studs because it is difficult to get it relocked on the studs against the lockup pressure2 also there is danger of getting the ends of justification levers out of position under the collars on the justification rods4 ,to open the vise to second position1 let the machine turn forward until the first elevator is resting on the vise cap1 just before the mold disk advances4 ,then lower to first position4 ,hold the vise up with the left hand1 release pawl at the extreme bottom end of vise frame and let the vise down easily1 pulling up on the first elevator slide with the right hand4 ,this keeps the link from being damaged4 ,never let the vise down to second position unless the first elevator is in the lower position4 ,to do so would throw the weight of the vise on the first elevator lever1 with danger of breaking the lever4 ,the vise locking studs are set at the factory to give the proper alignment of the vise with the mold4 ,the studs often have a very thin washer between their back shoulder and the frame to give them the proper adjustment4 ,should it be necessary to remove or replace a stud1 be careful not to lose or leave out the washers4 ,neither should more washers be added4 ,to do so would force the vise in a strain when locked up1 and cause an improper height of the slug4 ,,vise ,,jaws ,the vise jaws1 between which the line is justified1 regulates the position of the face of the type on each end of the slug4 ,the mold liner regulates the length of the slug4 ,the vise jaws should be adjusted to have the face of the type flush with each end of the slug4 ,the short1 or right-hand1 jaw is adjusted by the adjusting screw in the knife block1 under the right-hand vise locking pin4 ,when the line is being justified1 the matrix on the right-hand end is forced against the face of the short jaw4 ,the matrix on the left is forced against the face of the long1 or left-hand1 jaw which is held tight by the vise closing screw on the older models1 or the vise closing wedge on the newer models4 ,when it is desired to change the measure to be set1 adjust the left-hand jaw with the adjusting rod4 ,one-half em is the shortest distance the long jaw can be adjusted with the rod4 ,if it is necessary to adjust less than this distance use the adjusting bushing which screws in the bracket4 ,this applies to machines that are equipped with the vise closing wedge4 ,on the older models1 remove the screw that passes through the vise closing screw arm and screws into the adjusting flange4 ,then adjust the vise closing screws1 which move the nut in or out4 ,,pump ,,stop ,the pump stop prevents the pump lever from operating if the line is not properly justified4 ,the short1 or right-hand1 vise jaw operates the pump stop operating lever4 ,when the line is justified the right-hand jaw is moved to the right against the adjusting screw in the operating lever which forces the stop lever from under the catch block1 allowing the pump lever to operate4 ,if the line is not justified1 the right-hand jaw does not touch the adjusting screw and the stop lever is allowed to remain under the catch block4 ,this prevents the pump lever from operating4 ,the pump stop should have #a_/cb of an inch between the pump stop lever and pot lever block when line is properly justified4 ,the pump stop lever is found under the pot lever block4 ,it is connected to a bracket by a screw1 and operated by a spring and operating lever4 ,the adjustment is made with the screw in the operating lever4 ,to test this adjustment1 push the right-hand jaw toward the right and observe if the lever is clearing the block the proper distance4 ,when the line is justified the pump stop operating lever1 which is forced to the right by the short vise jaw1 should have a trifle lost motion2 if not1 the position of the type on the right end of the slug would be regulated by the adjusting screw in the pump stop operating lever instead of the adjusting screw in the knife block4 ,,the ,,friction ,,clutch ,the driving shaft of the machine is in two sections3 ,the shaft proper1 and the short shaft that carries the driving pinion4 ,this pinion meshes with the driving gear1 the two shafts being held together by a taper pin4 ,the driving pinion makes eleven revolutions to one of the gear1 the ratio being #aa to #a4 ,the outer end of the driving shaft is hollow4 ,inside of the hollow shaft is a clutch rod and a spring4 ,the spring fits against a collar on this rod and draws the rod inward4 ,the inner end of the clutch rod is fastened by means of a long screw pin extending through a hole in the rod to a collar which encircles the shaft1 the hole in the shaft being slotted1 so that when the collar is moved the rod moves also4 ,on the outward end of the shaft is mounted the friction clutch1 the levers being fastened to the end of the clutch rod4 ,the friction clutch is keyed to the hollow shaft1 so when the clutch is turned it also turns the shaft4 ,pressure on a forked lever fulcrumed to the base of the machine1 one end of which encircles the collar and the other end touching the lower stop lever1 holds the clutch out of action4 ,when the pressure of the forked lever against the collar is released1 the clutch spring expands and the clutch rod moves the collar inward until the leather buffers are pushed against the inner surface of the driving pulley1 causing the shaft to rotate4 ,after the machine has made a complete revolution1 a pawl on cam ,no4 #aj contacts the upper stopping lever and through the lower stopping lever forces the forked lever against the collar1 throwing the friction out of action4 ,,the ,,clutch ,,spring ,the clutch spring is held in place by a small collar on the inside end of the clutch rod and a screw bushing on the outside1 by which the tension of the spring is regulated4 ,this tension should be sixteen to twenty pounds4 ,a screw pin passes through a slot in the shaft1 through the clutch rod1 and into the opposite side of the collar4 ,the outer end of the clutch rod is connected to the friction clutch by a screw which passes through the clutch rod4 ,by taking off the clutch and hooking a balance spring in the screw hole in the rod and pulling out on the scale1 the instant the rod moves the scale indicates the tension of the spring registered4 ,one end of the clutch rod is connected to the collar on the shaft1 and the other end is connected to the clutch4 ,when the collar is moved the clutch rod also moves in the same direction4 ,when the clutch rod spring is adjusted to a tension of #af to #bj pounds it gives about the right friction to carry the machine through all its operations where everything is working properly1 but if anything sticks or makes the machine run hard1 the clutch will slip4 ,,friction ,,clutch ,,adjustments ,there are three positions of the starting and stopping lever3 ,starting1 operation1 and stopping4 ,when pulled all of the way out the lever is in starting position4 ,when the lever is in starting position1 the eccentric screw in the starting and stopping lever pulls against the lug in the vertical lever and causes the upper lug to force the automatic stopping pawl off the upper stopping lever4 ,this sets the machine in action4 ,when the lever is half way out it is in operating position and allows the machine to start when a line is sent in4 ,when the lever is pushed all the way in the clutch is thrown out of action and the machine is stopped4 ,when making any adjustments1 have the lever in starting position 7out as far as it will go74 ,if the automatic stopping pawl is resting on the upper stopping lever1 the adjustments could not be made1 as the lower stopping lever would be forcing the forked lever against the collar1 throwing the friction clutch out of action4 ,the friction clutch should be adjusted so as to have #ae_/cb of an inch between the collar and the shaft bearing4 ,place a #ae_/cb inch gage between the right-hand side of the collar and the left-hand side of the shaft bearing4 ,if the distance is less than #ae_/cb of an inch1 dress the leather buffers with a file4 ,if the distance is more1 place cardboard under the buffers to increase the thickness4 ,on old-style machines this adjustment was made by two nuts1 one on each side of the clutch rod4 ,putting cardboard under the buffers will not satisfactorily drive the machine if something else is wrong4 ,if there is too much packing under the leathers the starting and stopping lever will have no effect on the clutch and the machine will not stop properly4 ,the upper stopping lever and the lower stopping lever are fastened by pin pivots to a steel shaft which passes through the vertical lever4 ,this allows a limited up and down movement of the stopping levers4 ,the shaft is held in position by a set screw in the top of the vertical lever bracket4 ,when the machine is in action the forked lever must be free of the collar4 ,if it is not1 the clutch does not get the proper pressure on the inside of the pulley1 because the forked lever would push against the collar and force the rod and clutch outward4 ,to be sure the forked lever is free of the collar1 adjust so there is #a_/cb of an inch between the lower stopping lever and the forked lever4 ,this adjustment is made by the screw in the lower part of the upper stopping lever4 ,when the upper stopping pawl comes to rest on the upper stopping lever1 it forces the adjusting screw in the lower part of the upper stopping lever against the lower stopping lever1 and the bottom end of the lower stopping lever causes the forked lever to force the collar out1 throwing the clutch out of action and stopping the machine4 ,this gives a horizontal movement from a vertical action4 ,the automatic stop pawl should rest on the upper stopping lever of an inch when the machine is at normal4 ,this adjustment is made by loosening the set screw which holds the shaft in the vertical starting lever1 and moving the lever sidewise4 ,when the stopping pawl rests of an inch on the upper stopping lever1 the automatic safety pawl will also rest on it exactly the same1 as both pawls are adjusted the same4 ,fastened to cam ,no4 #aj are two pawls4 ,one is the automatic stopping pawl and stops the machine after it has made one complete revolution4 ,the other is the automatic safety pawl1 and stops the machine when a line fails to transfer from the first to the second elevator4 ,these two pawls are adjusted by screws that pass through the pawl and strike the lug of the cam1 and are held against this lug with a spring4 ,the distance from the left-hand side of the pawl to the left-hand side of the cam should be #ae_/af of an inch4 ,the vertical lever is fastened to the column1 at the back of the machine above the forked lever1 by a hexagon head machine screw at its upper end4 ,the lower end is held in place by the shaft which passes through the lever into the machine frame4 ,the only time the vertical lever is in action is when the machine is started by the starting and stopping lever4 ,on the starting lever is an eccentric screw which stands behind the lower lug of the vertical lever4 ,when the starting and stopping lever is pulled out1 the eccentric screw engages the lower lug and pulls it forward1 causing the upper lug to push the stopping or safety pawls clear of the upper stopping lever4 ,there are three lugs on the vertical lever3 ,the upper lug1 the lower lug1 and the lug inside of the bracket4 ,there is a headless screw in the vertical lever bracket1 the front end encircled by a spring4 ,this spring forces the vertical lever back to its normal position after the lever has been pulled forward by the starting and stopping lever4 ,when pulled forward1 the upper lug strikes against the automatic stopping pawl forcing it clear of the upper stopping lever4 ,this adjustment is made by means of the headless screw in the lever bracket4 ,the proper adjustment forces the stopping pawl #a_/af of an inch clear of the upper stopping lever4 ,the lug inside the bracket should permit the upper lug to clear the stopping pawl #a_/fd of an inch when the lug is at rest4 ,this adjustment is made by turning the adjusting screw in the column opposite the headless screw4 ,this screw regulates the stroke of the inner lug4 ,unless the upper vertical lug1 after pushing the stopping pawls off the upper stopping lever1 returns clear of the pawls1 it would prevent the pawls from seating properly on the upper stopping lever4 ,the adjustment of the lower lug of the vertical lever and the eccentric screw on the starting lever should be made by releasing the set nut on the eccentric screw and turning the screw until there is #a_/cb of an inch between the screw and the lug4 ,if this adjustment is not properly made it will interfere with the upper lug and throw it out of adjustment4 ,,friction ,,clutch ,,hints ,to remove the friction clutch3 ,push in on the starting and stopping lever4 ,take out the fulcrum screw or remove the nut from the outer end of the clutch rod4 ,remove the clutch arm key screw4 ,the clutch can now be removed4 ,be careful in replacing the friction to have the key with the bevel down and toward the back of the keyway4 ,the driving pulleys or gear can be removed only when the friction clutch is removed4 ,to remove the clutch rod spring3 ,remove the friction clutch4 ,unscrew the screw bushing from the end of the shaft1 take out the screw extending through the collar1 and pull out the clutch rod and the spring4 ,if the machine stops on the upper stopping lever with a jerk1 the inner side of the driving pulley or the friction clutch leathers are gummy or the friction is out of adjustment4 ,the inner surface of the driving pulley must be kept clean4 ,if the machine slows up while casting or ejecting1 the clutch is slipping4 ,the #ae_/cb of an inch adjustment is made by the nut on the clutch rod on the old style1 and by building up under the leathers on the new4 ,the #a_/cb of an inch adjustment is made by the screw in the lower part of the upper stopping lever4 ,the machine will not stop when the key screw in the clutch arm works loose1 allowing the friction clutch to work toward the outer end of the shaft4 ,a screw holding the clutch leather shoe in place1 may extend above the shoe and cause the friction to slip4 ,the friction link collar1 where it fastens on to the clutch rod1 should be parallel with the driving pulley or gear when the machine is in operating position2 if not1 there is unequal pressure on the links and shoes1 causing a slipping clutch4 ,study the friction clutch adjustments1 but do not change them every time something stops the machine4 ,it is much easier to break an adjustment than to make one4 ,a piece of metal from a squirt lodged between the mold disk guide or back of the rim on the disk will cause it to bind1 placing more pull on the clutch4 ,,stay ,,bolt ,the stay bolt passes through the main cam shaft bracket cap and screws into the column4 ,the object of the stay bolt is to take the strain from the column4 ,when the machine is in casting position with the pot locking against the mold1 the mold and disk forcing against the vise1 and the right-hand side of the vise locking against the stud1 there is considerable strain on the column4 ,if the column should spring1 the vise would also move and the lockup would be imperfect4 ,in applying the stay bolt1 never tighten it with a wrench4 ,if too tight1 it will spring the bracket cap and cause the cam shaft to bind and the clutch will not drive the machine4 ,screw it in with your fingers until the head of the bolt bears lightly against the bracket4 ,,vise ,,automatic ,the purpose of the vise automatic is to prevent the mold from coming forward and shearing the lugs of the matrices whenever anything prevents the first elevator from descending low enough for the first elevator adjusting screw to rest on the vise cap4 ,the vise automatic consists of a stop rod1 stop rod pawl1 mold disk dog1 and vise automatic levers4 ,the stop rod is suspended and held upward by a spring1 the top end of the rod extending through the vise cap and the lower end resting back of the lever which operates against the clutch rod4 ,a little below center in the stop rod is the stop rod pawl4 ,this pawl is held in place in a slot by a small coil spring which sets just back of the pawl in the stop rod4 ,this spring1 in addition to holding the pawl in place1 also gives the pawl a little play which allows more of a bite when the pawl is placed in action4 ,the mold disk dog is held in the vise frame by a screw which extends downward through a slotted hole in the dog4 ,inside the mold disk dog is a coil spring4 ,this spring is to hold the dog back toward the mold and should be strong enough to keep the mold disk dog pin against the retaining screw when the vise automatic is not in action4 ,when the first elevator is in its lowest position the vise automatic adjusting screw touches the upper end of the stop rod and forces it downward4 ,when the mold slide advances1 the mold opposite the one in use pushes the mold disk dog out1 above the pawl1 and allows the machine to remain in action4 ,however1 should the first elevator fail to descend low enough for the stop rod to be pushed down1 the dog1 as it is advanced by the mold1 strikes against the pawl and forces it forward against the vise automatic levers1 stopping the machine4 ,the mold disk dog must clear the automatic stop rod when the first elevator adjusting screw is resting on the vise cap4 ,to make this adjustment turn the machine until the first elevator is resting on the vise cap4 ,move the adjusting screw so the stop rod pawl will just pass below the dog4 ,to test1 have machine in normal position1 place a thin matrix on the vise cap under the first elevator adjusting screw4 ,pull out on the starting and stopping lever1 setting the machine in action4 ,the first elevator1 not going to its proper position1 the driving clutch should be forced out of action by the vise automatic4 ,after backing the machine a trifle and removing the matrix1 the machine should start4 ,the machine will not stop when making this test1 if either the lip of the disk dog1 or the pawl is damaged4 ,if damaged or worn1 replace with new parts1 as the vise automatic should always be in working condition4 ,if the machine is delayed in stopping when the vise automatic goes into action1 look at the #ae_/cb and #a_/cb inch adjustments on the friction clutch4 ,when replacing the mold disk dog1 be sure that the screw goes between the spring and the pin4 ,this is accomplished by turning the screw down until it is below the level of the pin4 ,then push in on the dog until the pin strikes the screw4 ,raise the screw slowly until the pin will just pass under the end of the screw1 pushing in on the dog while the screw is being raised4 ,push in on the dog and turn the screw down just inside the pin4 ,the screw will then be between the spring and the pin4 ,be careful not to turn the screw down on the spring1 as it will damage the spring and not allow the dog to operate4 ,on the machines with four-pocket mold disks1 the dog is pushed forward as the mold slide comes forward in ejecting position4 ,this action of the dog would operate the automatic1 throwing the clutch out of action and stopping the machine at ejecting position4 ,to overcome this action1 there is a stop rod lever and bracket assembled on the vise frame in front of the automatic stop lever4 ,the lever is fastened to the bracket by a fulcrum screw4 ,one end of this lever carries a small roller1 and the other end rests above a pin in the stop rod4 ,the roller runs on a runway at the back of the first elevator slide on the right-hand side4 ,the stop rod is pulled down below the mold disk dog by the lever until the slide moves downward1 the roller follows the runway1 when owing to a depression1 the roller drops1 releasing the lever and permitting the stop rod to come to operating position in front of the dog4 ,as the slide moves to transfer position1 the lever pulls the stop rod down below the dog4 ,,filling ,,piece ,,and ,,safety ,,lug ,attached to all new machines is a filling piece that is known as the simple two-letter attachment4 ,this attachment is fastened by two screws to the vise cap1 and when in operating position1 it prevents the first elevator from dropping down to normal position4 ,this attachment permits the assembling of a line of matrices in the regular position and casting them in the auxiliary position4 ,whenever this attachment is used1 the duplex rails on the assembling elevator must not be used4 ,on all machines carrying headletter or special display molds1 the simple two-letter attachment must always be used instead of the duplex rails4 ,at the side of these special molds there is a small lug fastened to the mold disk4 ,this is known as a safety stop4 ,when operating1 a machine equipped with these special molds1 if the simple two-letter attachment should not be placed in position1 this safety stop would immediately come in contact with a safety plate1 fastened to the first elevator back jaw1 holding the first elevator off the vise cap and allowing the vise automatic to stop the machine1 preventing a squirt1 and damage to the first elevator jaws4 ,,model #i ,the ,model #i is equipped with four superimposed interchangeable magazines1 any-one of which may be instantly brought into use by merely shifting a lever4 ,these magazines are not interchangeable with the ,no4 #e magazines4 ,the machine is built along the same general lines of all ,linotypes and has a regular keyboard of #ij characters4 ,the magazines may be changed from the front of the machine4 ,each magazine is provided with escapements controlling the delivery of the matrices4 ,these escapements are actuated by a single series of escapement rods mounted in a frame on the assembler front4 ,each rod has four notches in its edge4 ,shifting the hand lever raises or lowers the frame in which the rods are assembled and connects their upper ends with the escapements of any one of the magazines4 ,this same movement connects these rods through one of the series of notches to the keyrods which are operated by the usual keyboard mechanism4 ,each magazine has a standard type distributing mechanism4 ,the machine has a primary distributor box for all the magazine through which the matrices must pass before passing to their regular distributor4 ,the dropping of the matrices into their right magazines is governed by a series of slot combinations cut in the bottom of the matrix and a corresponding bridge placed in the primary box4 ,a mixed line out of any two or all four of the magazines may be set in this machine1 the matrices being separated in the primary distributor and then dropping into their regular magazine4 ,,tabular ,,attachments ,there are two attachments in common use for setting tabular composition4 ,these are the ,chicago ,lino-,tabler and the ,rogers ,tabular4 ,the ,chicago ,lino-,tabler equipment can be used on any model machine with any font of matrices from #e point up to and including #ad point4 ,this equipment consists of twenty matrices1 a broach1 quad block and slide for casting box rules1 and special triangular-shaped brass rule for use between columns4 ,the matrices are cut to run in the vertical rule channel4 ,in the matrices are two small slots from which two lugs or fins are cast on the slug4 ,when using these matrices on the models #i1 #af1 #ag1 and #bd1 the magazine in which they are to run must be designated4 ,there are four styles of rule available1 two hairline faces1 a one-point face1 and parallel rules4 ,the rules are held on the top surface of the slugs1 and are clamped down by bending the lugs or fins over with a make-up rule4 ,cross rule is cast in the regular slug form from the block and slide4 ,box headings or rule forms are made by using the broach which punches small triangular notches through the top edge of the rule slug4 ,this permits the vertical rule to be inserted1 forming a close joint4 ,the ,rogers ,tabular can only be used on machines that are equipped with the attachment4 ,when using this attachment the matrices that run in the vertical rule channel are used in the assembled line where rules are wanted4 ,from these matrices on the slug are cast two slots in which the rules are inserted4 ,all other characters are punched 4#add of an inch deeper than the standard1 which necessitates using a low mold4 ,when changing from regular to tabular1 first turn the tabular mold into normal position2 second1 move lever which is attached to the eccentric pin in the mold cam lever so it is locked in the rear sector block4 ,doing so moves the mold slide forward the difference in the thickness of the regular and low mold4 ,third1 loosen screw and turn eccentric bushing in pot lever half way1 which moves pot forward the distance the mold slide has been moved4 ,fourth1 connect one end of the return spring to the hook which is in the rear of the machine4 ,this spring is for the purpose of relieving the mold cam lever of the added strain when the slug is moved from the line after casting4 ,it is also necessary to use the tabular spacebands1 which also can be used with standard matrices4 ,,advertising ,,figures ,to use the advertising figures it is necessary to have the machine equipped with a mold1 the cap of which is thicker than the standard1 also the universal knife block4 ,when using the figures1 which can be cast at any place in the line1 open the knife so the figure will pass through without being trimmed4 ,leave space on the next line to support the overhang4 ,close the knife so the slug will be trimmed4 ,the grooves in this mold being ground parallel1 the slug that is not trimmed will lock up without tipping against the one that is trimmed4 ,,making ,,machine ,,changes ,when it is desired to change the size of type and measure on the linotype a definite procedure should be followed4 ,there are eight distinct operations in making a complete change from one size to another4 ,by following the same order each time there is less danger of forgetting one or more changes1 which may cause damage to the machine4 ,any one of the eight changes can be made independent of the other1 but the habit formed by always keeping in the same order is a good one4 ,the suggested order of changes is as follows3 #a4 ,change the mold liners4 ,this is done when it is desired to change the length or thickness of the slug4 #b4 ,change the ejector blade4 ,this is done when the length of the slug is changed4 ,a blade six points in thickness will work on any thickness slug six points or above4 #c4 ,change the side trimming knives4 ,this change must be made when the thickness of the line is changed4 #d4 ,change the left hand vise jaw4 ,this must be changed when the length of the line is changed4 #e4 ,change the assembler slide4 ,this must be changed when the length of the line is changed4 #f4 ,change the line delivery slide long finger4 ,this must be changed when the length of the line is changed4 #g4 ,change the magazine4 ,this is to be changed when a different size or font of type is desired4 #h4 ,change the font distinguisher4 ,this must be changed if the point size of matrices is changed4 ,,care ,,of ,,the ,,machine ,the following schedule of work should be performed on each machine in a shop or school1 in regular periods as indicated by the caption under which each item is listed4 ,in a school where each student is to care for a certain machine1 the various operations should be performed at a certain specified time1 all students working on the same schedule at one time4 ,in a shop where machinists do this work it will be necessary to form a regular routine including all the items of the working schedule1 so that each machine will receive its proper care at a certain specified time4 ,of course it will be necessary to distribute this work so that it will not interfere with the productive time of the machine and so that the machinists can have time to care for the ordinary machine troubles as they occur during the productive time4 ,much of the regular care of the machines can be done by helpers outside the hours when the operators are at work4 ,in making such a schedule1 each machine should be listed1 by number1 for certain operations each day4 ,in this way it will be a simple matter for the head machinist to check up on the work1 for by referring to the schedule he can determine what work should be performed on each machine for any particular day4 ,of course1 the schedule must vary in minor points in various shops1 due to climatic conditions4 ,dirt is the chief offender in causing machine trouble1 therefore the cleanliness of the building in which the machines are located will very frequently cause a variation in the working schedule4 ,the following schedule will be found sufficient for the average linotype and if followed efficiently1 will keep the machine in 8pink of condition40 ,,daily ,,operations ,wipe off the dust from the machine frame--the front1 back1 vise frame1 underneath the pot1 top of magazine1 etc41 using a rag and brush4 ,with bellows or air hose1 blow the dust out of the assembling elevator1 keyboard1 main drive cams1 and all other places not reached with a brush1 excepting the metal pot4 ,clean the mold disk4 ,use a brass rule and rag4 ,remove all metal from the face and back of the mold1 scraping the metal loose with the brass rule and wiping with a rag4 ,remove all metal from behind the mold disk4 ,wipe off the mouthpiece with a rag1 and scratch out the cross vents with a sharpened brass rule if they are filled or corroded4 ,lubricate the locking studs4 ,put a small amount of graphite and cup grease mixture on the mold-disk locking studs4 ,inspect the mold wipers4 ,examine the front and back mold wipers2 see that they are in working condition4 ,a small amount of graphite and cup grease mixture should be applied to the back mold wiper4 ,for the front mold wiper1 wet the pieces of felt in gasoline and then apply graphite until well saturated4 ,inspect the knife wiper4 ,see that it works freely up and down4 ,straighten or replace flag1 if needed4 ,inspect the pump stop lever4 ,see that it is working4 ,inspect the vise-automatic dog4 ,see that the vise-automatic dog and the stop rod are free from metal and that they move without interference4 ,apply graphite4 ,with a very small amount of graphite on a magazine brush1 rub the following3 #a4 ,line delivery channel4 #b4 ,first elevator jaws4 #c4 ,front side of the intermediate bar in the elevator slide top guide4 #d4 ,slideway of the delivery4 #e4 ,transfer-slide slideway4 #f4 ,distributor-shifter slideway4 #g4 ,top and front edge of the second elevator bar plate4 #h4 ,second elevator upper guide4 #i4 ,back and side of the second elevator lower guide4 ,clean the plunger and metal pot4 ,clean the plunger in the cleaning box4 ,use a well-brush in the well4 ,open the holes on the side of the well1 using the hook of the pot mouth-wiper4 ,skim the dross from the pot4 ,clean the spacebands on a smooth board1 using graphite4 ,see that no metal adheres to the spaceband sleeve1 and that the dark spot on the sleeve is removed4 ,repair damaged matrices and spacebands4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,weekly ,,operations ,clean the distributor screws4 ,also clean the bearings of all surplus oil4 ,clean the surface of the main driving cams thoroughly4 ,test the vise-automatic4 ,see that the vise-automatic stops the machine if the first elevator does not descend the full distance4 ,oil the machine4 ,put oil in all oil holes1 using it sparingly in the places where there is not much wear4 ,parts subjected to heat should have plenty of oil4 ,wipe off all overflow oil with a rag while oiling4 ,a drop or two in oil holes is sufficient for most of the holes4 ,the late model machines will have grease cups instead of oil cups4 ,if there is plenty of grease in the cup1 give it a turn4 ,put a small amount of dry graphite in the various slideways4 ,note--,while oiling give the machine a good general inspection4 ,watch for any loose parts or loose screws4 ,test assembler measures4 ,examine star wheel4 ,replace if necessary4 ,polish magazines4 ,measure thickness and height of slugs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,monthly ,,operations ,clean the magazine and matrices4 ,take out all matrices which have the lugs sheared or damaged too much for good use4 ,take a matrix proof4 ,this is done by running out all the matrices of each character and casting them on a slug4 ,then take a proof4 ,remove the main driving clutch1 and clean the inner surface of the pulley and the leather buffers on the clutch shoes4 ,clean the surface of the keyboard rollers with soap and water4 ,sandpaper them if needed4 ,examine gas burners4 ,clean if necessary4 ,clean assembler plate and slide4 ,clean distributor box4 ,clean and dress commutator4 ,clean magnetic thermometer contact points on electric pots4 ,,mechanical ,,terms ,adjusting ,screw--,a screw for taking up wear1 or for shifting the position of some movable piece4 ,bushing--7#a7 ,a lining1 usually of metal1 for a hole4 7#b7 ,a tube for insertion into an opening to reduce the effective diameter4 ,cam--,a non-circular or eccentric rotating piece1 often of irregular outline and giving motion that is irregular in direction1 rate1 or time4 ,clutch--,a power-transmitting device operating by friction or interlocking1 for securing or breaking rotative continuity1 as between two shafts or a pulley and a shaft4 ,collar--,an annular enlargement of a shaft or axle1 usually at or near the end4 ,cotter ,pin--,a split pin for insertion in the slot of a bolt to prevent it being drawn4 ,detent--,a stop or checking device1 as a pin1 lever1 etc4 ,dowel--,a pin or peg1 usually cylindrical1 for joining together two adjacent parts4 ,escapement--,a mechanical device used for securing a uniform movement4 ,gear--,any set of appliances as of cog wheels1 serving to transmit motion4 ,gib--,a wedge-shaped or other piece of metal that holds another in place or presses two pieces together4 ,link--,any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion1 especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end4 ,pawl--,a hinged or pivoted piece1 having a point1 edge1 or hook made to engage with ratchet teeth1 as for driving a rachet-wheel1 or preventing reverse motion2 a click1 detent1 or ratchet4 ,pinion--,a toothed wheel driving or driven by a large cog wheel4 ,segment--,a geared wheel1 cam1 or pulley1 the outline or efficient working surface of which is a section of the whole circle4 ,slide--,a sliding part of a machine or implement4 ,slideway--,a lengthwise bearing on which a piece may slide4 ,stud--7#a7 ,a pin having a large round head4 7#b7 ,a short bolt having a shoulder4 ,turnbuckle--,a form of coupling so threaded or swiveled that when connecting lengthwise two metal rods1 it may be turned so as to regulate the length or tension of the connected parts4 ,,things ,,you ,,should ,,know ,do not forget to form a regular schedule for the care of the machine4 ,model #e magazines are interchangeable with models #d1 #h1 #ad1 #ah1 #ai1 and #ad-s-k4 ,when using any font over #ad-point it is necessary to have the machine equipped with headletter or special advertising figure attachment4 ,advertising figures can only be cast on machines that have the universal knife block4 ,for two-line advertising figures1 use #ad-point figures with #f-point type2 #ah-point figures with #h-point type2 #bd-point figures with #aj-point type4 ,to pull out mold slide on machine equipped with universal mold slide1 disconnect the link from the lever4 ,do not open the vise when the mold slide is forward on the locking studs4 ,hair lines are usually caused by a collection of metal on the spacebands1 breaking the walls of the matrix4 ,removing metal from the first elevator with a screwdriver will damage the elevator4 ,heating metal on the mold or disk with a burner will ruin the mold or disk4 ,without disconnecting the connecting link the vise can not be lowered to the second position unless the first elevator is resting on the vise cap4 ,when lowering1 pull out on the slide to prevent breaking the eyebolt4 ,eleven-point is the largest font that can be used in the model 8,k40 ,oil on the buffers will cause the main friction clutch to slip4 ,the assembler slide brake pawl is for the purpose of loosening a tight line so as to remove a matrix from the assembling elevator1 not to put in one more4 ,when metal gets into the mold cap screw in the mold disk after a squirt1 do not hammer the metal with a screwdriver4 ,to do so merely drives the metal tighter in the threads of the screw hole4 ,gouge the metal out with a knife a little at a time4 ,most machine troubles are caused by dirt4 ,keep the machine clean4 ,do not change adjustments every time something goes wrong4 ,be sure you know what is wrong before attempting to fix a trouble4 ,trace all troubles to their source before attempting a remedy4 ,one important point that should be watched is that in oiling any part of the machine which comes in contact with the matrices1 no oil should be allowed to accumulate where it is liable to find its way on to the matrices4 ,clean the machine whenever necessary--otherwise let it alone4 ,be sure that any new inventions of your own are good before applying them4 ,do not take off parts unnecessarily4 ,the less you dismantle a machine1 the more success you will have with it4 ,but keep it clean4 ,a large number of matrices and spacebands are lost by being swept up with the metal around the machine1 and thrown in the remelting furnace4 ,matrices should always be picked up when dropped4 ,a good plan is to have the person who sweeps up the metal to throw it in a special pile4 ,it is very easy then for someone to look through the pile carefully1 under good light1 and find the matrices and spacebands that have been overlooked while sweeping4 ,matrices which have gone through a remelting furnace are usually no good for further use4 ,small job fonts can be used conveniently and economically on any class of job work where only a few lines of display are required or in recasting for duplicate forms4 ,these small job fonts may be carried in special trays and they can be procured either to run pi or run in the regular or auxiliary magazine4 ,brass hair spaces1 very thin spaces1 grading in 4#jja of an inch from 4#jjg to 4#jbd can be obtained4 ,these spaces do not run in the magazine1 but drop in the tray under the second elevator transfer4 ,they are very handy for closely-spaced lines or for lines where it is desired to letterspace4 ,the machine may be driven from any shaft having a uniform speed of rotation or by individual motor4 ,a machine requires one-fourth horse power but a motor slightly in excess of this should be used4 ,these motors can be belt driven or connected directly to the machine by gear4 ,the speed of the machine should be uniform at all times1 for fluctuations will interfere with the operation and tend to reduce the output and cause machine troubles4 ,to ascertain the size of the pulley required on the driving shaft1 multiply the diameter of the main driving pulley on the machine 7#ad07 by the number of revolutions desired and divide the product by the revolutions of the driving 7or motor7 shaft4 ,the quotient will be the diameter of the pulley required4 ,,micrometer ,,caliper ,the chief mechanical principle embodied in the construction of a micrometer is that of a screw free to move in a fixed nut4 ,the spindle of the micrometer is attached to the thimble at the top point1 and extends downward through the inside of the sleeve2 the thimble extending downward on the outside of the sleeve4 ,the part of the spindle1 which is concealed within the sleeve and thimble1 is threaded to fit a nut in the frame of the micrometer4 ,the pitch of the screw threads on the concealed part of the spindle are #dj to the inch4 ,therefore one complete revolution of the spindle draws it back #a_/dj1 or 4#jbe1 of an inch4 ,the sleeve is marked with #dj lines to the inch1 corresponding to the number of threads on the spindle4 ,when the spindle is down against the anvil1 the beveled edge of the thimble coincides with the lone #j on the sleeve1 and the #j line on the thimble coincides with the horizontal line on the sleeve4 ,by turning the knurled thimble with the thumb and finger until the #j line on the thimble again agrees with the horizontal line on the sleeve1 the distance between the anvil and the bottom point of the spindle will be #a_/dj1 or 4#jbe of an inch1 and the beveled edge of the thimble will coincide with the second vertical line on the sleeve4 ,each vertical line on the sleeve indicates a distance of #a_/dj1 or 4#jbe of an inch4 ,every fourth line on the sleeve is made longer than the others1 and is numbered #j1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 etc41 up to #j or the capacity of the micrometer4 ,each numbered line indicates a distance of four times #a_/dj of an inch1 or #a_/aj4 ,the beveled edge of the thimble is marked in twenty-five divisions1 and every fifth line is numbered from #j to #be4 ,turning the spindle from one of these marks to the next indicates that the spindle has been moved #a_/be of 4#jbe1 or one-thousandth of an inch4 ,hold the frame stationary and revolve the thimble with the thumb and finger4 ,the spindle1 being attached to the thimble1 revolves with it1 and moves through the nut in the frame1 approaching or receding from the anvil4 ,the measurement of the opening between the anvil and the spindle is shown by the lines and figures on the sleeve and the thimble4 ,to read the micrometer1 place the object to be measured on the anvil1 turning the thimble up or down until it touches the object lightly4 ,multiply the amount of vertical divisions visible on the sleeve by #be and add the number of divisions on the bevel of the thimble from #j to the line which coincides with the horizontal line on the sleeve4 ,for example1 if there are #e divisions visible on the sleeve and six lines showing on the thimble1 multiply #e by #be1 and add #f4 ,total 4#aca of an inch4 ,,the ,,point ,,system ,some time prior to the year #adej ,gutenberg invented the casting of metal type in molds4 ,as the art of printing advanced1 many new sizes were cast1 but no attempt was made to cast them with a uniform gradation in size and it was difficult to build up one size of body to equal another2 that is1 justify them4 ,to obviate this1 ,fournier1 in #agcg1 advocated a method of casting type according to some unit4 ,the size known as pica was in use in various countries in ,europe1 and was considered a standard size4 ,taking the pica as a basis he divided it into twelve parts1 each of which he called a point4 ,he chose one-twelfth of a pica as the unit because there existed five sizes of type between pica and nonpareil4 ,as nonpareil was just half the size of pica1 this made the succession of sizes seven1 eight1 nine1 ten1 and eleven points1 any of which could be justified with another by the use of material made to the same unit4 ,the ,united ,states ,typefounders' ,association finally adopted it in #ahhg4 ,it is the only system in use in first-class offices today4 ,it is popularly supposed that six picas equal one inch4 ,this is approximately so1 but not absolutely1 for six picas measure but 4#iifdh of an inch4 ,the ,american pica runs about three points less than #gb lines to the foot4 ,its actual measurement is 4#affjh of an inch4 ,one-twelfth of this1 or one point1 is1 therefore 4#jachd of an inch4 ,when calculating the amount of type contained in any piece of composed matter1 it is measured up in ems1 and this em1 or unit1 is the em of the body4 ,the square of each size of type is called the em of that body4 ,thus1 the em of six-point is six points square2 the em of eight-point is eight points square2 and so on4 ,,ems ,,to ,,running ,,inch ,in estimating the amount of matter set1 the following table of type measurement will be found useful4 ,it shows the number of ems in a running inch1 in columns from #aj to #cj picas wide1 in seven different sizes of type4 ,the figures across the top denote the width of page or column in picas1 and the figures below denote the number of ems to the column inch in the various sizes designated in the column to the left4 ,,width ,,of ,,columns ,,in ,,picas #aj #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae #af #ag #ah #ai #bj ---------------------------------------- ------------ #f point #bdj #bfd #bhh #cab #ccf #cfj #chd #djh #dcb #def #dhj #g point #agg #aid #bab #bbi #bdg #bfe #bhb #cjj #cah #cce #cec #h point #ace #adh #afb #age #ahi #bjb #baf #bbi #bdc #bef #bgj #i point #ajg #aag #abh #aci #adi #afj #aga #aha #aib #bjc #bac #aj point #hf #ie #ajd #aab #aba #abi #ach #adg #aee #afd #agc #aa point #ga #gi #hf #ic #ajj #ajg #aad #aba #abh #acf #adc #ab point #fj #ff #gb #gh #hd #ij #if #ajb #ajh #aad #abj #ba #bb #bc #bd #be #bf #bg #bh #bi #cj ---------------------------------------- -------- #f point #ejd #ebh #eeb #egf #fjj #fbd #fdh #fgb #fif #gbj #g point #cga #chh #djf #dbd #dda #dei #dgg #did #eab #ebi #h point #bhc #big #caj #cbd #ccg #cea #cfd #cgh #cia #dje #i point #bbd #bce #bdf #bef #bfg #bgg #bhh #bii #cji #cbj #aj point #aha #aij #aii #bjg #baf #bbe #bcc #bdb #bej #bei #aa point #aej #aeg #afd #aga #agh #ahe #aib #bjj #bjg #bad #ab point #abf #acb #ach #add #aej #aef #afb #afh #agd #ahj _/ ,,test ,,questions ,,list ,,no4 ,i #a4 ,describe the keyboard and magazine escapement action on models #e and #h4 #b4 ,how is the rubber roll taken out and cleaned8 ,why does the rubber roll shaft have a friction drive8 #c4 ,how are the keyboard cam frames taken off8 #d4 ,how are the keyboard cams cleaned and oiled8 #e4 ,describe how to take a keyboard off and clean it8 ,explain in detail4 #f4 ,how is a single cam taken out on an old style keyboard cam yoke frame8 #g4 ,how is a single cam taken out on the new style keyboard cam yoke frame8 #h4 ,what should be done to the triggers before replacing the cam frame8 ,explain why4 #i4 ,state the causes of more than one matrix dropping1 or 8running away40 #aj4 ,what are the causes of matrices failing to respond to the touch of the keys8 ,,list ,,no4 ,,ii #aa4 ,how is a verge on a ,model #e removed and a new one put in8 ,on a ,model #h8 #ab4 ,what operations are gone through to change a magazine on a ,model #e8 ,a ,model #h8 ,give them in the proper order4 ,how to change the middle magazine on a ,model #h8 #ac4 ,how is the matrix belt adjusted8 ,what is the difference between the matrix delivery belts on the different models8 #ad4 ,what adjustments should be made on the assembling elevator1 the assembler slide brake and the chute spring8 #ae4 ,what is the purpose of the assembler star wheel friction8 ,what must be done to keep it working properly8 #af4 ,what gives the line-delivery slide its motion when delivering a line8 ,what controls the speed and how is it adjusted8 #ag4 ,what releases the line-delivery slide8 ,how is it adjusted8 #ah4 ,what returns the line-delivery slide to normal position8 ,how is it adjusted on both old and new styles8 #ai4 ,how is the line-delivery slide adjusted when delivering a line8 #bj4 ,what is meant by 8cleaning spacebands10 and how should they be cleaned8 ,,list ,,no4 ,,iii #ba4 ,explain how a spaceband is constructed8 ,how should a spaceband be placed in a line4 ,why8 #bb4 ,how is the spaceband box removed8 ,explain in detail4 #bc4 ,what will cause spacebands not to respond8 #bd4 ,how do the spaceband box pawls get their motion to release the spacebands8 ,explain in detail4 #be4 ,how are the spaceband box pawls adjusted8 #bf4 ,what prevents the release of two spacebands at one time8 ,how is it adjusted8 #bg4 ,describe how the thermostat controls the temperature of the metal1 and how it is adjusted4 #bh4 ,describe how the metal is heated in an electric pot4 ,how is the heat controlled in the various heating units of an electric pot8 #bi4 ,what care does the electric pot and controller require8 #cj4 ,what care does the mold require8 ,how would you replace the mold in the disk after having it off8 ,,list ,,no4 ,,iv #ca4 ,at what temperature should the metal be kept8 #cb4 ,what happens when too much metal is in the pot8 #cc4 ,what does a slug show when the metal is too hot8 #cd4 ,what does the slug show when the metal is too cold8 #ce4 ,what does a smooth1 bright bottom on a slug indicate8 #cf4 ,what are some of the causes of a defective face8 #cg4 ,how should the mouthpiece be cared for8 #ch4 ,how is the mouthpiece removed on the wedge style crucible8 ,screw style models8 #ci4 ,how is a 8stuck0 plunger taken out and cleaned8 #dj4 ,how is the metal pot adjusted8 ,give all adjustments4 ,,list ,,no4 ,v #da4 ,explain the gas pressure controller4 #db4 ,explain thoroughly the care of the gas burner4 #dc4 ,what will cause matrix ears to bend in the distributor box8 #dd4 ,how is the distributor box lift adjusted8 #de4 ,what causes matrices to clog in the distributor box and how are they removed8 #df4 ,what will cause two matrices to lift at one time in the distributor box8 #dg4 ,what will cause matrices to fall in the wrong channel of the magazine1 and what is the remedy8 #dh4 ,describe the mechanism which drives the distributor screws8 #di4 ,explain the construction and action of the distributor spiral automatic4 #ej4 ,how is the first elevator adjusted8 ,give all the adjustments4 ,,list ,,no4 ,,vi #ea4 ,how is the first elevator connecting link constructed8 ,how is it adjusted1 and what is the object of the adjustment8 #eb4 ,what is the purpose of the pump stop8 ,explain the action and adjustment of the pump stop4 #ec4 ,what is the purpose of the first elevator line stop8 ,how is it replaced and adjusted8 #ed4 ,explain the construction of the first elevator two-letter jaws1 and how it sometimes prevents the elevator going high enough to allow the line to transfer after having a squirt4 #ee4 ,how should the metal be removed from the first elevator jaw after having a squirt8 #ef4 ,what part of the first elevator should be kept perfectly clean and free from oil8 #eg4 ,what action has the recasting block on the first elevator8 #eh4 ,describe how a one-letter line is recast4 #ei4 ,describe how a two-letter line is recast4 #fj4 ,what trouble would be caused by the first elevator slide not being adjusted to properly align with the transfer and delivery channels8 ,,list ,,no4 ,,vii #fa4 ,what adjustments are there for the second elevator8 #fb4 ,what would cause the second elevator to be held at the distributor8 #fc4 ,when the second elevator does not descend1 what causes the machine to stop8 #fd4 ,give the adjustments of the elevator transfer slide4 #fe4 ,what is the releasing lever for in the first elevator slide guide1 and how is it adjusted8 #ff4 ,what is the object of the intermediate bar pawl8 #fg4 ,how may the movement of the transfer and spaceband levers be interfered with8 #fh4 ,how does locking the spaceband transfer lever stop the machine8 #fi4 ,how does the spaceband transfer lever get its motion and how is it adjusted8 #gj4 ,when does the automatic safety pawl act8 ,,list ,,no4 ,,viii #ga4 ,describe the method and order that should be followed in making a complete change of the machine from one size to another4 #gb4 ,how are the mold liners marked to distinguish size8 #gc4 ,how is the ejector blade held in place8 #gd4 ,what will cause a slug to be pushed out of a galley when being ejected8 #ge4 ,what is the purpose of the buffer spring in the ejector slide8 #gf4 ,what is the ejector-blade guide for1 and what care does it require8 #gg4 ,what makes a slug higher on one end than on the other8 #gh4 ,how is the back knife adjusted8 ,explain in detail4 #gi4 ,how is a micrometer read8 #hj4 ,what is 8type high08 ,,list ,,no4 ,,ix #ha4 ,explain in detail how the trimming knives are adjusted4 #hb4 ,what causes slugs to be off their feet1 or lift1 when locking-up8 #hc4 ,what part of an inch is a type founders point8 ,what part of an inch is a linotype point8 #hd4 ,how are the decimal points of a slug found8 #he4 ,when can the vise be opened to first position8 #hf4 ,when can the vise be opened to second position8 #hg4 ,explain the construction of the main friction clutch4 #hh4 ,how is the collar connected to the clutch rod8 #hi4 ,what is the difference between the new and the old style clutch adjustment8 #ij4 ,how is the main driving clutch adjusted8 ,give the seven adjustments affecting the clutch4 ,,list ,,no4 ,x #ia4 ,in what position should the starting lever be when making the adjustments on the friction clutch8 #ib4 ,what care should be given to the main friction clutch8 #ic4 ,how can you determine when the clutch is slipping8 #id4 ,give causes for the slipping of the clutch1 and how you would remedy them4 #ie4 ,what is the action of the automatic safety pawl when striking the upper stopping lever1 and how does it effect the clutch to stop the machine8 #if4 ,state the purpose of the vise automatic1 and tell how it is adjusted4 #ig4 ,how is the vise automatic adjustment tested8 #ih4 ,how are the matrix toes sheared when the vise automatic is out of adjustment8 #ii4 ,how is the mold slide adjusted8 ,give all adjustments4 #ajj4 ,describe the machine action from the time a line is in the assembling elevator until it has been distributed4 ,,mechanism ,,class ,,schedule 7,lesson ,index7 ,the following class schedule was designed for one-hour class periods4 ,it has been found from experience that the lessons may be covered in approximately one-hour class periods1 except ,no4 #bj4 ,additional study of each lesson will be found profitable where time permits4 ,,pages #a4 ,keyboard1 construction and action2 taking off keyboard cam frames2 cleaning and oiling keyboard cams1 #c-aj #b4 ,taking off keyboard2 taking apart and cleaning1 #aj-ab #c4 ,keyrods1 escapements1 magazines of various models1 #ab-be #d4 ,assembling elevator1 assembler1 assembler slide1 assembler slide brake1 #be-cc #e4 ,spaceband box2 delivery slide1 #cc-db #f4 ,metal pot1 mouthpiece1 metal pot adjustments1 #db-eb #g4 ,pot lever2 gasoline and gas burners2 pressure1 mercury1 and thermostat governors1 #eb-fa #h4 ,electric pot1 #fa-fh #i4 ,molds1 #fh-gc #aj4 ,distributor bar1 channel entrance1 distributor screws1 distributor clutch plate and stopping bar1 distributor clutch2 construction of spiral automatic1 #gc-hj #aa4 ,distributor box2 matrix lift cam1 #hj-hg #ab4 ,first elevator slide and adjustments2 first elevator jaws2 construction of the connecting link1 #hg-id #ac4 ,second elevator and adjustments2 main cams1 #id-ih #ad4 ,first elevator slide guide2 transfer slide adjustments2 spaceband lever1 pawl1 and turnbuckle1 #ih-aja #ae4 ,mold slide2 lever and slide2 mold disk locking studs and blocks2 ejector slide and blade2 universal ejector1 #aja-ajg #af4 ,mold knife adjustments2 adjustments of trimming knives2 knife wiper1 #ajg-aad #ag4 ,mold gear arm2 mold turning cam2 square block2 justification levers2 vise1 vise jaws1 pump stop1 #aad-abb #ah4 ,driving shaft1 friction clutch and adjustments1 vertical lever1 upper and lower stopping levers1 automatic stopping and safety pawls1 stay bolt1 #abb-abg #ai4 ,vise automatic2 filling piece and safety lug1 #abg-acj #bj4 ,dismantling and reassembling1 under the supervision of the instructor ,index ,,page ,adjustable ,mold1 #cf-;em1 #ga ,advertising ,figures1 #acb ,advertising ,mold1 #gj ,assembler1 #bh ,assembler ,slide1 #ca ,assembler ,slide ,brake1 #ca ,assembler ,troubles1 #cc ,assembling ,elevator1 #be ,assembling ,elevator1 to ,take ,off1 #bh ,auxiliary ,lever1 #ic ,auxiliary ,magazines1 #ba ,burner1 ,gas1 #ee ,burner1 ,gasoline1 #ee ,banking ,strips1 ,mold1 #aji ,cams1 ,main1 #ie ,carbolite ,mold1 #ga ,care of ,electric ,metal ,pot1 #fe ,care of the ,machine1 #acc ,causes of ,bad ,assembling1 #cc ,channel ,entrance1 #gd ,chute ,spring1 #bh ,class ,schedule1 ,mechanism1 #adi ,cleaning a ,magazine1 #bc ,cleaning ,matrices1 #bd ,cleaning the ,throat of ,crucible1 #dd ,connecting ,link1 ,first ,elevator ,slide1 #ib ,cracked ,crucible1 #dd ,current ,consumption1 #fg ,display ,molds1 #gj ,distributor1 #gc ,distributor ,bar1 #gc ,distributor ,box1 #hj ,distributor ,box1 ,lower1 ,models #b and #d1 #hc ,distributor ,box1 to ,remove1 #hg ,distributor ,box ,matrix ,lift ,cam1 #hd ,distributor ,clutch1 #gf ,distributor ,screws1 #ge ,distributor ,screw ,guard1 #gf ,distributor ,spiral ,automatic1 #gh ,distributor ,stopping ,mechanism1 #gg ,distributor ,troubles1 #hd ,duplex ,rails1 #bf ,duplex ,rail ,operating ,blocks1 #ii ,ejector ,blade1 #aje ,ejector ,blade1 to ,change1 #aje ,ejector ,guide ,block1 #aje ,ejector ,slide1 #ajd ,ejector1 the ,universal1 #ajf ,electric ,metal ,pot1 ,care of1 #fe ,electric ,pot1 #fb ,electric ,pot ,definitions1 #fa ,elevator1 ,second1 #id ,ems to ,running ,inch1 #adb ,escapement ,mechanism1 #ad ,facts and ,suggestions ,about ,trimming ,knives1 #aab ,failure of ,matrices to ,respond 7,see ,keyboard ,troubles71 #g ,failure of ,matrices to ,respond 7due to ,troubles ,above the ,keyboard71 #bc ,filling ,piece1 ,first ,elevator1 #acj ,first ,elevator ,jaws1 #ij ,first ,elevator ,jaws and ,slide1 #hg ,first ,elevator ,jaw ,line ,stop1 #ib ,first ,elevator ,slide ,connecting ,link #ib ,first ,elevator ,slide ,guide1 #ih ,friction ,clutch1 #abb ,friction ,clutch ,adjustments1 #abc ,friction ,clutch ,hints1 #abf ,fuses1 #fh ,gas ,burner1 #ee ,gas ,burners1 to ,remove1 #eh ,gas ,pot ,hints1 #eg ,gasoline ,burner1 #ee ,governor1 ,mercury ,gas1 #ei ,governor1 ,pressure1 #eh ,governor1 ,thermostat ,gas1 #ei ,headletter ,mold1 #gj ,hints1 ,friction ,clutch1 #abf ,hints1 ,gas ,pot1 #eg ,hints1 ,magazine1 #bd ,hints1 ,mold1 #gb ,justification ,levers1 #aah ,keyboard1 #c ,keyboard1 to ,take ,apart1 #aj ,keyboard ,parts1 #d ,keyboard ,cams1 ,cleaning the1 #i ,keyboard ,cams and ,parts1 #d ,keyboard ,cam1 to ,remove1 #f ,keyboard ,cam ,frames1 to ,remove1 #i ,keyboard ,layout1 #i ,keyboard ,rubber ,rolls1 #f ,keyboard ,troubles1 #g ,keyrods1 #ab ,keyrods1 ,auxiliary1 #ac ,knife ,block1 #aji ,knife ,block1 ,wedge ,style1 #aaa ,knife1 ,mold1 #ajg ,knife ,spring ,plate1 #aaa ,knife ,wiper1 #aac ,knife ,wiper1 ,old ,style1 #aad ,knives1 ,trimming1 #aji ,line ,delivery ,slide1 #ci ,line ,stop1 ,first ,elevator ,jaw1 #ib ,locking ,studs and ,blocks1 #ajd ,magazines1 #ae ,magazines1 ,auxiliary1 #ba ,magazines and ,escapements1 #ad ,magazine1 ,cleaning a1 #bc ,magazine ,channel ,entrance1 #gd ,magazine ,hints1 #bd ,magazines1 ,split1 #ba ,magazine1 ,removing a1 #ah ,magazines1 ,removing1 ,new ,models1 #h and #ad-s-k1 #bj ,main ,cams1 #ie ,making ,machine ,changes1 #acb ,matrix ,carrier ,belt1 #cb ,matrices1 ,cleaning1 #bd ,mechanism ,class ,schedule1 #adi ,mechanical ,terms1 #acf ,mercury ,gas ,governor1 #ei ,metal ,pot1 #db ,metal ,pot ,adjustments1 #di ,metal ,pot ,plunger1 #db ,metal ,pot1 ,removing a1 #ed ,micrometer ,caliper1 #adj ,model ,k1 #bb ,model ,l1 #bb ,model #ad1 ,single ,keyboard1 #ac ,model #i1 #acj ,molds1 #fh ,mold1 ,universal ,adjustable1 #fi ,mold1 ,recessed1 #fi ,mold1 ,display and ,headletter1 #gj ,mold1 ,advertising1 #gj ,mold1 ,carbolite1 #ga ,mold1 #cf-;em ,adjustable1 #ga ,mold ,turning ,cam ,adjusting ,shoes1 #aae ,mold ,banking ,strips1 #aji ,mold ,disk ,locking ,studs and ,blocks1 #ajd ,mold ,driving ,shaft ,friction ,clamp1 #aaf ,mold ,gears1 ,retiming1 #aaf ,mold ,hints1 #gb ,mold ,knife1 #ajg ,mold1 ,removing and ,replacing1 #gc ,mold ,slide1 #aja ,mold ,turning ,cam1 ,square ,block1 and ,pinion1 #aad ,mold ,wipers1 #ga ,mouthpieces1 #de ,mouthpiece1 to ,remove a1 #dg ,plunger1 ,metal ,pot1 #db ,pressure ,governor1 #eh ,point ,system1 #ada ,pot1 ,electric1 #fb ,pot ,lever1 #eb ,pot ,returning ,cam ,shoe1 #ec ,pump ,stop1 #aba ,questions1 ,test1 #adc ,recessed ,mold1 #fi ,releasing ,lever1 #ii ,removing a ,pot1 #ed ,removing a ,magazine1 #ah ,removing a ,magazine1 ,new ,model #h and #ad-s-k1 #bj ,retiming ,mold ,gears1 #aaf ,safety ,lug1 ,mold ,disk1 #acj ,second ,elevator ,safety ,catch1 #ie ,second ,elevator1 #id ,second ,elevator ,starting ,spring1 #ie ,slug ,troubles1 #ed ,spacebands1 the1 #cc ,spaceband ,box1 #ce ,spaceband ,box1 to ,remove1 #cf ,spaceband ,box ,pawls1 to ,replace1 #ch ,spaceband ,box ,pawls and ,rails1 #ch ,spaceband ,lever1 #ajj ,spaceband ,lever ,pawl1 #aja ,spaceband ,troubles1 #cg ,spiral ,automatic1 #gh ,split ,magazines1 #ba ,spring ,plate1 ,knife1 #aaa ,stay ,bolt1 #abg ,star ,wheel1 #bi ,stuck ,slug1 ,removing a1 #ajg ,tabular ,attachment1 #aca ,test ,questions1 #adc ,things ,you ,should ,know1 #ach ,transfer ,slide1 #ii ,trimming ,knives1 ,facts and ,suggestions1 #aab ,trimming ,knives1 #aji ,troubles1 ,distributor1 #hd ,troubles1 ,slug1 #ed ,thermostat ,gas ,governor1 #ei ,throat and ,mouthpiece ,heaters 7,electric71 #fd ,universal ,adjustable ,mold1 #fi ,universal ,ejector1 #ajf ,verge1 to ,remove a1 #bc ,vise1 the1 #aai ,vise ,automatic1 #abg ,vise ,jaws1 #aba ,vise ,justification1 #aah ,transcriber's ,notes pg #ac ,changed3 ,on the later models #a to3 ,on the later model #a pg #bf ,changed3 there is assembled in the front to3 there are assembled in the front pg #bh ,changed3 pull the gib off dowel pins to3 pull the gib off dowel the pins pg #cj ,changed3 remove the chute spring1 if the new style1 release to3 removing the chute spring1 if the new style1 releasing pg #cb ,changed3 the operating lever when raised to3 the operating lever1 when raised pg #cc ,changed3 properly1 worn detaining plates4 to3 properly1 or worn detaining plates4 pg #cc ,changed3 bind2 assembler slide worn or dirty to3 bind2 or assembler slide worn or dirty pg #dj ,added period after3 elevator is raised to send in a line pg #di ,changed3 lips of the crucible1 by driving to3 lips of the crucible by driving pg #ea ,changed plunger pin has been removed1 to prevent accidentaly to3 accidentally pg #eg ,changed ,the hole can be peaned to3 peened pg #fc ,changed controlled by an adjustable dynamic therometer to3 thermometer pg #fh ,changed have a flexibility that requires a varitey to3 variety pg #gj ,changed ,the cap is construsted to3 constructed pg #gj ,changed ,the groves in the cap to3 grooves pg #ge ,added the word 8the0 to3 screws are in front of 8the0 distributor pg #ha ,changed drawn out a little by peaning to3 peening pg #hd ,changed annoyance and lost time is causd to3 caused pg #ia ,changed ,the duplex rail sometimes become to3 becomes pg #ajf ,changed starting and stopping lever and is conected to3 connected pg #ajh ,changed3 is should scrape the lead from the mold4 to3 it should scrape the lead from the mold4 pg #aji ,changed allows for a range form to3 from pg #aab ,changed adjustment if dirt or gum interfers to3 interferes pg #aae ,removed repeated word from3 cam and bank against the the shoes4 pg #abi ,changed forced out of action by the vise matic to3 automatic pg #acj ,changed interchangeable magazines1 any-one to3 any one pg #aca ,changed operated by the usual keyboard machanism to3 mechanism pg #ace ,changed ,test the vice-automatic to3 vise-automatic4 pg #aci ,changed ,do not change adjustments everytime to3 every time pg #adj ,changed ,the speed of the machine should be uniform at all tims to3 times pg #adj ,changed for flucuations will interfere to3 fluctuations pg #adc ,removed extra quote from3 one matrix dropping1 or #88running away40 pg #adc ,changed gone through to change a magzine to3 magazine pg #adc ,changed3 ,how are the rubber roll taken out to3 ,how is the rubber roll taken out pg #adc ,changed3 ,how change the middle magazine to3 ,how to change the middle magazine pg #add ,changed3 ,how adjusted on both old and new styles to3 ,how is it adjusted on both old and new styles pg #ade ,changed3 ,how replaced and adjusted to3 ,how is it replaced and adjusted pg #ade ,changed ,what does a smoth1 bright bottom on a slug indicate to3 smooth pg #ade ,changed ,explain throughly the care of the gas burner4 to3 thoroughly pg #aea ,added word the to3 keylevers2 the keybar banking bar ,normalized spelling of vice to vise throughout book4