,illu/ration3 ,,cork ,,its ,,orig9s ,,uses ,copyright1 #aiji by ,,arm/rong ,,cork ,,company ,,pittsburgh ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,cork ,be+ ! ,/ory of ! orig9 of ,cork1 ! processes employ$ 9 its manufacture its v>i$ uses 9 ! _w to-day #aiji ,arm/rong ,cork ,company ( ,pittsburgh ,u4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,mon>* ( ! ,cork ,=e/ ,illu/ration3 ,,cork ,few ?+s 9 g5]al use 9 ! great _w to-day h ! hall-m>k ( approval ( two ?\s& ye>s set ^u !m4 ,new mat]ials1 new processes1 new commodities h foll[$ ! tra9 ( advanc+ civilization & ! ensu+ multiplication & alt]ation ( man's economic ne$s4 ,ev5 :]e ! dem& = a c]ta9 mat]ial to fulfill a p>ticul> function has cont9u$ ?r\gh ! c5turies1 wid5+ k ( natural res\rces c\pl$ ) mod]n inv5tion has usually f\nd "s sub/itute *eap]1 m effici5t1 & bett] adapt$ = ! purpose 9 "q4 ,n s ) cork4 ,recogniz$ by ! anci5ts z peculi>ly suit$ = c]ta9 uses1 "t has v9dicat$ _! v]dict2 no?+ has yet be5 discov]$ to supplant x 9 its wide sph]e ( usefulness4 ,!ophra/us1 ,greek philosoph] & writ] on botany1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 0 evid5tly famili> ) ! mat]ial1 = he m5tions ! cork tree z be+ a native ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,= decades be=e ! "t ( ,horace cork 0 us$ = /opp]s = w9e vessels4 ,9 fact1 ! poet tells "o ( 8 fri5ds1 ab\t #be ,b4 ,c41 t on ! occasion ( a com+ anniv]s>y banquet he expects to 8remove ! cork seal$ ) pit*0 f a j> ( ! r>e v9tage ( =ty-six ye>s previ\s1 ! fir/ b n ! la/ proce$+ ( ?is "* ( :i* hi/ory makes record4 ,illu/ration3 ,gn>l$ ,trunk ( an ,old ,cork ,oak ,x rema9$ = ! eld] ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 9 8 wond]ful "w on natural hi/ory1 writt5 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 to make ! mo/ rem>kable ref]5ce to cork to be f\nd 9 anci5t lit]ature3 8,! cork oak is b a v small tree & its acorns ( ! v wor/ quality 99 99 992 ! b>k is its only useful product1 be+ rem>kably ?ick1 & if remov$ w gr[ aga9 99 99 994 ,?is sub/ance is employ$ m p>ticul>ly atta*$ z a buoy to ! ropes ( %ips' an*ors & ! drag-nets ( fi%]m52 x is us$ also = ! bungs ( casks & z a mat]ial = ! w9t] %oes ( wom540 ,cork jackets--life-pres]v]s--are m5tion$ by ,plut>*4 ,?us five ( ! pr9cipal functions :i* cork fills 9 ! _w to-day 7 recogniz$ two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury glass bottles 7 introduc$1 :i* gave su* great impetus to its g5]al use t ! real beg9n+ ( ! cork indu/ry may prop]ly be said to date f t p]iod4 ,"s conception ( its importance to-day may be ga!r$ f ! fact t ! importations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( crude & manufactur$ cork n[ aggregate almo/ #e1jjj1jjj 9 value annually4 ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,/ripp]s' ,camp ,illu/ration3 ,/ripp+ ! ,trees ,illu/ration3 ,ga!r+ ! ,b>k ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,tree's ,foliage ,! ^w cork is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 cortex1 mean+ b>k1 & ! /udy ( its orig9 & manufacture leads at once to ^? romantic c\ntries bord]+ ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,spa9 & ,portugal divide honors among ! nations ( ! _w s f> z yield ( raw mat]ial is conc]n$1 ) p]haps ! advantage lean+ slightly to ! latt]4 ,! cork-produc+ t]ritory cov]s practically ! :ole ( ,portugal1 sweeps t[>d ! ea/ ?r\gh ! s\!rn di/ricts ( ,spa9 kn[n z ,&alusia & ,e/remadura1 !nce nor!a/1 embrac+ ?\s&s ( acres ( =e/s 9 ,catalonia4 ,alg]ia1 ) ,tunis1 ranks next 9 importance 9 ye>ly tribute ( b>k1 s\!rn ,france1 includ+ ,corsica1 foll[+ closely aft]4 ,italy1 too1 ) ! help ( ,s>d9ia & ,sicily1 cont9ues to be q a factor 9 meet+ ! dem& = ! crude mat]ial1 :ile across ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt> ! sun-scor*$ =e/s ( ,morocco are z yet undevelop$4 ,! total area cov]$ by cork =e/s is e/imat$ at f f\r to five million acres1 :ile ! annual production ( b>k is decl>$ to be n f> f fifty ?\s& tons4 ,al?\gh no (ficial /ati/ics are obta9able1 ^! figures approximate ! tru?4 ,9 ,portugal & ,spa91 p>ticul>ly 9 ,catalonia1 :i* is probably ! greate/ cork manufactur+ di/rict 9 ! _w1 a l>ge portion ( ! corkwood produc$ goes to supply dome/ic factories1 :]e m & m ma*9]y is be+ introduc$ e ye>4 ,) ^! exceptions1 h[ev]1 ! major "p ( ! yield is export$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 ,d5m>k1 or ,sw$51 to be turn$ into f9i%$ =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,pile ( ,b>k 9 ! ,=e/ ,illu/ration3 ,weigh+ ,b>k 9 ! ,=e/ ,! cork oak1 kn[n botanically z ,qu]cus sub]1 atta9s a height ( f tw5ty to sixty feet & measures sometimes z mu* z f\r feet 9 diamet]4 ,its wide-spread+ bran*es are r closely cov]$ ) small ev]gre5 leaves1 ?ick1 glossy1 slightly s]rat$1 & d[ny und]nea?4 ,9 ,april or ,may fl[]s ( a yell[i% color appe>1 succe$$ by acorns :i* rip5 & fall to ! gr\nd 9 ! late fall4 ,pl9y evid5tly knew :]e( he wrote1 = ! cork oak's acorns are bitt] & n at all pleasant to ! ta/e4 ,!y =m1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! =e/s' *ief s\rces ( rev5ue1 s9ce1 f$ to sw9e1 !y give a peculi>ly piquant flavor to ! meat1 ,spani% m\nta9 hams be+ not$ = _! excell5ce4 ,un=tunately1 ! h]ds 9 =ag+ = food de/roy ! "y trees & ?us d s]i\s & p]man5t injury by prev5t+ new gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,virg9 ,cork & ,second ,/ripp+ ,b>k ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,b>k1 8,back0 & 8,belly0 ,! 8corkwood10 or cork ( comm]ce1 is ! out] b>k ( ! cork oak4 ,:5 x has atta9$ a diamet] ( approximately five in*es1 or1 to be m exact1 measures =ty c5timet]s 9 circumf]5ce accord+ to ! ,spani% gov]nm5tal regulations1 :i* ! tree does usually by ! "t x is tw5ty ye>s old1 ! virg9 cork1 z ! fir/ /ripp+ ( b>k is call$1 is remov$4 ,?is virg9 cork is s r\gh1 co>se1 & d5se 9 texture t x is ( v little comm]cial value4 ,=tunately its removal does n kill ! tree1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 seems to promote fur!r developm5t1 = ! inn] b>k--! seat ( ! gr[+ processes--und]takes at once ! =mation ( a new cov]+ ( f9] texture4 ,ea* ye> ?is1 ! real sk91 ) its life-giv+ sap1 =ms two lay]s ( cells--"o )91 increas+ ! diamet] ( ! trunk2 ! o!r )\t1 add+ ?ickness to ! %ea?+ ( b>k4 ,aft] eight or t5 ye>s ?is is also remov$1 &1 :ile m valuable ?an ! virg9 cork1 x is n z f9e 9 quality z t ( ! ?ird & subsequ5t /ripp+s1 :i* foll[ at regul> int]vals ( ab\t n9e ye>s4 ,at ! age ( ab\t =ty ye>s ! oak beg9s to yield its be/ b>k1 cont9u+ productive z a rule = almo/ a c5tury1 al?\gh cork trees sev]al hundr$ ye>s old are n unkn[n4 ,fl\ri%+ z x does 9 a hot1 semi-arid climate1 !re seems to be no reason :y ?is valuable tree %\ld n be successfully introduc$ 9 ! s\!rn & s\?we/]n sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 9 fact1 9 ! ye> #aheh ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t took c]ta9 /eps 9 ?is direction1 & ev5 w5t s f> z to di/ribute se$l+s to int]e/$ p]sons 9 sev]al /ates4 ,! ,civil ,w> int]f]$1 h[ev]1 & ! exp]im5ts 7 nev] fully c>ri$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,prep>+ ,b>k = ,c>riage to ! ,boil+ ,/ation ,illu/ration3 ,cork "u ! ,microscope ,illu/ration3 ,b>k arriv+ at a ,boil+ ,/ation ,illu/ration3 ,! ,common ,c>ri] ,illu/ration3 ,a ,boil+ ,/ation ,illu/ration3 ,a ,wagon ,load ( ,b>k ,! /ripp+ g5]ally takes place dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 & is a process :i* dem&s skill & c>e if injury to ! tree is to be avoid$4 ,9 ,alg]ia1 ! ,fr5* /ripp]s sometimes use cresc5t-%ap$ saws2 b "u ! usual ,spani% me?od a hat*et ) a long h&le1 w$ge-%ap$ at ! end1 is ! only implem5t employ$4 ,! b>k is cut cle> ?r\gh ar\nd ! base ( ! tree & a simil> incision is made ar\nd ! trunk j bel[ ! spr+ ( ! ma9 bran*es2 ! two incisions are !n connect$ by "o or two longitud9al cuts1 foll[+ s f> z possible ! deepe/ ( ! natural cracks 9 ! b>k4 ,ins]t+ ! w$ge-%ap$ h&le1 ! tree's cov]+ is !n pri$ (f1 c>e be+ tak5 n to injure ! inn] sk9 at any /age ( ! process1 = ! life ( ! tree dep5ds on its prop] pres]vation2 & if x is injur$ at any po9t1 gr[? !re ceases & ! spot rema9s =ev] aft]w>d sc>r$ & uncov]$4 ,! l>g] bran*es are /ripp$ 9 ! same mann]1 yield+ ?9n] b g5]ally a f9] grade ( cork ?an t f ! trunk4 ,! ?ickness ( ! b>k is any:]e f "o-half to two & a half in*es1 :ile ! yield also v>ies greatly--f =ty-five to five hundr$ p\nds--dep5d+ on ! size & age ( ! tree4 ,z ! b>k is remov$ x is ga!r$ up 9 piles & left = a few days to dry4 ,hav+ be5 weigh$1 x is next c>ri$ ei!r 9 wagons or on ! backs ( burros to ! boil+ /ations1 :]e x is /ack$ & all[$ to season = a few weeks4 ,x is !n ready = ! boil+ process1 :i* at times is po/pon$ until ! crude mat]ial rea*es ,seville or "s o!r %ipp+ po9t4 ,b if ! =e/ is di/ant1 ! wat] supply adequate1 & ! quantity ( b>k ample to ju/ify su* proc$ure1 ! vats are erect$ at a conv5i5t spot & ?is op]ation c>ri$ out on ! gr\nd4 ,! outside ( ! b>k 9 its natural /ate is1 z may well be imag9$1 r\gh & woody1 ow+ to exposure to ! wea!r4 ,aft] boil+1 ?is useless out] coat+ is readily scrap$ (f1 !reby r$uc+ ! weight ( ! mat]ial almo/ tw5ty p] c5t4 ,! boil+ process also s]ves to remove ! tannic acid1 increases ! volume & ela/icity ( ! b>k1 r5d]s x s(t & pliable1 & flatt5s x out = conv5i5t pack+4 ,illu/ration3 ,factory at ,seville1 cov]+ ,tw5ty ,acres ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,trimm+ ! ,%eets ( ,b>k at ,seville ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,corn] ( ,"o ( ! ,sort+ ,rooms at ,seville ,aft] be+ r\ghly sort$ z to quality & ?ickness ! b>k is !n ready = its fir/ long j\rney1 &1 z ! =e/s are g5]ally locat$ 9 hilly or ev5 m\nta9\s c\ntry1 ! fai?ful burro mu/ aga9 be call$ into s]vice4 ,truly ! ,spani>d's be/ fri5d1 ?\gh ! wor/ treat$ ( all1 ^! pati5t little animals pres5t a mo/ grotesque appe>ance :5 load$ f head to h9d qu>t]s ) a huge mass ( ! light b>k4 ,d[n f ! hills !y g 9 tra9s ( ?irty1 =ty1 or ev5 a hundr$1 ?read+ ! rocky bridle pa?s 9 s+le file & w5d+ _! way ?r\gh ! n>r[ /reets ( qua9t villages1 :]e traces ( ,moori% occupancy may /ill be se51 to ! ne>e/ railway /ation1 or ev5 to ,seville itself4 ,( c\rse1 if conditions p]mit1 wagons are us$1 b s9ce ,spa9 is n a c\ntry fam\s = its good roads1 x is probable t = _m ye>s to come ! burro w play 8 "p 9 supply+ ! cork m>kets ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,bal+ ,corkwood at ,seville ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,"o ( ! ,corkwood ,w>eh\ses1 ,seville ,plant ,illu/ration3 ,! ,giralda1 ,seville ,al?\gh l>ge supplies ( raw mat]ial are drawn f ,portugal1 ! pr9cipal =eign w>eh\se & ,spani% factory ( ! ,arm/rong ,cork ,company are situat$ 9 ,seville2 h5ce x is to t hi/oric city on ! banks ( ! ,guadalquivir t ! b>k f _m hills & valleys f9ds its way dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,!re ! bales z !y come f ! c\ntry are op5$1 ! b>k boil$ & scrap$1 if ?is has n already be5 done1 & !n1 aft] ! edges h be5 trimm$1 is sort$ into a doz5 or m grades ( diff]5t quality & ?ickness4 ,! importance ( ?is la/ m5tion$ op]ation _c be ov]emphasiz$1 z ! :ole problem ( ! successful & economical manufacture ( cork c5t]s ab\t x4 ,! exp]t ,spani% sort]s hav+ f9i%$ _! "w1 ! b>k is ready to be rebal$ = %ipm5t to ,am]ica4 ,broad %eets are plac$ 9 a bal+ box to =m ! bottom ( ! bale1 & above !m are laid small] pieces1 :i* are cov]$ 9 turn ) l>g] sections2 !n ! :ole mass is subject$ to pressure to r5d] x compact1 aft]w>d be+ b\nd up securely ) /eel hoops or wire4 ,ea* bale is c>efully /5cil$ ) m>ks indicat+ grade or quality4 ,load$ directly into ocean-go+ /eam]s alongside ! ,seville docks1 n infrequ5tly a :ole %ip's c>go ( cork at a "t is transport$ to ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 or ,baltimore1 & !nce freight$ to ! ,pittsburgh factory4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,:>f at ,seville4 ,load+ ,bales ( ,corkwood = ,am]ica ,illu/ration3 ,bale ( ,corkwood ,illu/ration3 ,spani>ds cutt+ ,b>k into ,/rips & ,squ>es ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ,corks by ,h& ,illu/ration3 ,! ,factory at ,pittsburgh ,f ! m\nta9 ( cork unload$ at its doors a ho/ ( diff]5t articles are produc$ by means ( wond]fully +5i\s ma*9]y c\pl$ ) hundr$s ( ke5 bra9s1 = ! human elem5t mu/ always play a l>ge "p 9 cork manufacture4 ,among !m corks rank fir/ 9 importance2 h5ce ! great] "p ( ! floor space ( ?is factory1 ! l>ge/ ( its k9d 9 ! _w1 is giv5 ov] to _! production4 ,illu/ration3 ,slic+ into ,/rips ,illu/ration3 ,bales ( ,cork be+ unload$ at ,pittsburgh ,= :atev] purpose x is to be us$1 all b>k remov$ f ! imm5se /orage rooms is tak5 fir/ to ! sort+ dep>tm5t1 :]e1 "u skill$ eyes1 ! tw5ty-five or m =eign grades are resort$ into approximately "o hundr$ & fifty diff]5t classes1 accord+ to quality & ?ickness4 ,! spe$ & skill ) :i* ?is "w is done is a/\nd+4 ,s slight is ! diff]5ce betwe5 "s ( ! grades t to ! inexp]i5c$ eye none c be se5 :atev]1 & yet success h+es on ! c>e & skill ex]cis$ 9 ?is & ! o!r sort+s t foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,corks pun*$ f ,/rips ,illu/ration3 ,"o ( ! ,f\rte5 ,/orage ,rooms1 ,pittsburgh ,factory ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,pun*+s ,illu/ration3 ,"o ( ! ,corkwood ,sort+ ,rooms at ,pittsburgh ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ into ,squ>es ,9 manufactur+ corks x mu/ be und]/ood 9 ! fir/ place t ! ?ickness ( a giv5 piece ( b>k det]m9es ! maximum diamet] ( ! /opp] :i* c be made f x1 z ! cutt+ is done across & n ) ! gra94 ,leav+ ! sort+ room ! corkwood is s(t5$ by plac+ x 9 a w>m vapor ba?4 ,?is process increases its flexibility greatly1 its bulk slightly1 & prep>es x to und]go ! v>i\s me*anical op]ations :i* foll[ 9 rapid succession4 ,! ke5 edge ( ! slic] fir/ confronts ! %eets ( b>k1 & x is at ?is po9t t ! fir/ me*anical ob/acle 9 cork manufacture has to be ov]come1 = ! s(t1 light1 ela/ic mat]ial is1 )al1 v difficult to cut1 z may be det]m9$ by simple p]sonal exp]im5t4 ,b be=e ! onslaught ( a circul> /eel knife1 revolv+ hundr$s ( revolutions e m9ute & kept at razor-l %>pness1 ev5 ?is difficulty disappe>s1 & ! %eets are readily cut into /rips ^: wid? is det]m9$ by ! l5g? ( ! cork desir$4 ,f ! slic] ! /rips pass to ! block+ ma*9es1 :]e1 by means ( a rapidly rotat+ tubul> pun*1 cyl9drical pieces are bor$ out & releas$ ) almo/ incr$ible spe$4 ,! op]ative1 ( c\rse1 mu/ use c>e to avoid defective spots 9 ! b>k1 & also to cut ! corks out z closely toge!r z possible s z to r$uce wa/e to a m9imum4 ,! /opp]s :i* come f ^! ma*9es are r\nd ) p>allel sides4 ,if tap]$ corks are desir$1 l>g] at ! upp] end ?an at ! l[]1 ! cyl9drical or 8/raight0 pieces mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh ano!r ma*9e1 :i* h&les !m deftly1 hold+ !m aga9/ ! edge ( ano!r circul> knife4 ,seem+ly motionless1 ! only outw>d indication ( ! spe$ ) :i* ! ke5 blade is revolv+ is ! delicate %av+ :i* curls upw>d = an in/ant1 only to be drawn away ?r\gh pipes by p[]ful air-suction to ! mill build+ a hundr$ y>ds di/ant1 :]e all su* wa/e is gr\nd up1 to be dispos$ ( 9 ! =m ( v>i\s by-products4 ,bo? 8/raights0 & 8tap]s0 next j\rney to ! wa%+ rooms4 ,!re dump$ 9 great vats1 ?\s&s at a "t1 !y are c>efully wa%$ & !n dri$ by be+ :irl$ ab\t dizzily 9 great revolv+ cyl9d]s ( wire net locat$ 9 heat$ *amb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,block+ ,dep>tm5t at ,pittsburgh ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,insoles ,illu/ration3 ,mak+ ,tap]$ ,corks at ,pittsburgh ,illu/ration3 ,wa%]s & ,gaskets ,illu/ration3 ,a ,glimpse ( ,ano!r ,dep>tm5t1 ,pittsburgh ,factory ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,balls ,n all ( ! b>k1 h[ev]1 t is de/9$ to be turn$ into corks foll[s ! c\rse t has j be5 describ$2 = c]ta9 v>ieties a diff]5t process ( manufacture1 approximat+ 9 _m respects ! orig9al ,spani% me?od1 is f\nd m practicable4 ,! crude b>k1 aft] be+ sort$1 is cut into /rips on ! slic+ ma*9es1 ! wid? z be=e dep5d+ on ! l5g? ( ! /opp] to be made4 ,to remove ! re/ ( ! h>d back1 or out] cru/1 mu* ( :i* /ill rema9s despite ! scrap+ be=e %ipm5t to ,am]ica1 ! pieces are !n pass$ b5ea? a revolv+ knife :i* %aves (f ! r\gh1 unev5 portion4 ,free n[ f objectionable matt]1 ! /rips are cut into small rectangul> blocks ( ! dim5sions ( ! cork desir$4 ,9 ?is process1 j z 9 block+1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid defects 9 ! b>k1 & at ! same "t to prev5t wa/e4 ,pass+ to ano!r dep>tm5t ! rectangul> pieces are r\nd$ into prop] %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,sort+ ,tap]$ ,corks at ,pittsburgh ,factory ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,poli%+ ,:eels ,9 ,spa91 be=e ! days ( l>ge cork factories employ+ labor sav+ ma*9]y1 & ev5 to a great ext5t at ! pres5t "t1 all ( ^! op]ations are c>ri$ out by h&4 ,:ole families p>ticipate1 slic+ ! b>k into /rips1 !n into squ>es1 & f9ally cutt+ ! corks f ! squ>e blocks sl[ly & labori\sly4 ,?is h& me?od ( manufacture is gradually disappe>+ z m & m ma*9]y comes into g5]al use4 ,:at are kn[n z h& cut corks are /opp]s :i* are n exactly r\nd1 b ( a %ape :i* might be appropriately describ$ z a 8squ>e circle40 ,9 ! judgm5t ( "s1 !y are bett] suit$ = c]ta9 purposes ?an /raights or tap]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,pack+ ,dep>tm5t at ,pittsburgh ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,pap] ,illu/ration3 ,putt+ ,f9al ,t\*es on ,life-,pres]v]s ,illu/ration3 ,se9e & ,gill ,corks ,f ! dri]s all corks are tak5 to ! sort+ rooms1 :]e !y are subject$ to ! la/ ( ! actual manufactur+ processes1 &1 f _m /&po9ts1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all4 ,"h1 aga91 ! importance ( prop] grad+ is p>am\nt1 & :5 "o consid]s t almo/ five million corks p\r into ?is dep>tm5t e work+ day1 ! magnitude ( ! task c be p>tly grasp$4 ,:5 ! fur!r fact is kn[n t ?is enorm\s output is to be sort$ into ab\t tw5ty regul> besides num]\s special grades1 "o c /ill fur!r appreciate :at ! problem involves4 ,! "w itself calls = su* a peculi> comb9ation ( faculties t only "o out ( e five op]atives :o are giv5 prelim9>y tra9+ 9 ?is dep>tm5t is f\nd satisfactory2 b s highly skill$ d ! regul> work]s become t ! sort+ ( ?irty-five ?\s& corks may be consid]$ an av]age day's labor4 ,exp]ts ex]cise c>eful sup]vision & actually te/ ea* lot ( corks z !y come f ! op]atives 9 ord] t uni=m /&>ds may be ma9ta9$ f day to day & mon? to mon?4 ,illu/ration3 ,circle ,a ,corks ,:5 pa/ ! ke5 eye ( ! te/]1 ! cork1 aft] its long j\rney ?r\gh ! factory1 passes ei!r direct to ! pack+ dep>tm5t or to ! w>eh\ses4 ,?is la/ po9t involves a problem :i* is (t5 v puzzl+ & difficult ( solution4 ,?\s&s ( doll>s' wor? ( corks are plac$ 9 ! w>eh\ses e ye> to rema9 !re indef9itely4 ,an ord] = a quantity ( corks ( a c]ta9 size & quality also involves1 ( necessity1 ! manufacture ( a great _m corks ( o!r grades4 ,! reason = ?is is1 ( c\rse1 f\nd 9 ! fact t ! raw mat]ial1 no matt] h[ c>efully sort$ at ! outset1 w n produce a f9i%$ product ( uni=m quality4 ,?us frequ5tly x becomes necess>y to "w ov] a giv5 lot ( corks = :i* !re is no dem& into a small] size = :i* ord]s are p\r+ 94 ,illu/ration3 ,circle ,b ,corks ,into ! pack+ dep>tm5t /reams a bewild]+ array ( corks ( e conceivable %ape1 grade1 & size4 ,! tap]s appe> 9 a doz5 qualities1 at ! head ( :i* /& ! pe]less 8,circle ,a0 & 8,circle ,b10 prescription corks f\nd 9 e fir/-class ph>macy 9 ! l&4 ,! /raights h be5 sep>at$ into v>i\s classes1 runn+ f ! f9e *ampagne corks d[n to ! common soda wat] corks4 ,besides1 !re are keg corks1 h& cut corks1 mu/>d & j> corks ( l>ge diamet]1 %ell corks1 p]=at$ ?r\gh ! c5t]1 & glu$ corks made up ( sev]al lay]s1 all ( :i* mu/ be put up 9 packages ( suitable size1 ready to be deliv]$ to ! %ipp+ dep>tm5t = transportation to ! consum]4 ,illu/ration3 ,tap]$ ,corks1 ,x ,grade ,illu/ration3 ,bobb]s = ,fi%+ ,l9es ,illu/ration3 ,l>ge ,tap]$ ,corks ,illu/ration3 ,in/rum5t & ,fi%+ ,rod ,h&les ,a ho/ ( o!r useful articles also f9d _! way f ! _m manufactur+ dep>tm5ts to ! %ipp+ rooms4 ,( insoles ?\s&s ( pairs are produc$ annually4 ,discs & wa%]s by ! million are pun*$ out = use 9 metal caps = bottles & j>s1 & z gaskets 9 lubricator cups4 ,life-pres]v]s1 r+ buoys1 ya*t f5d]s1 moor+ & an*or+ buoys are ! specialties ( "o dep>tm5t1 :ile ano!r pays p>ticul> att5tion to ! manufacture ( se9e & gill corks1 & bobb]s = fi%+ l9es4 ,s v>i$1 9 fact1 are ! =ms :i* cork assumes t ! complete catalogu+ ( ! functions :i* x fills 9 ! _w to-day w\ld be well-nigh impossible4 ,= in/ance1 cork %apes may be f\nd 9 animal heads on rugs & fur g>m5ts1 &1 cov]$ ) suitable mat]ial1 are us$ z buttons on fur coats4 ,cork balls play _! "p 9 exhibit+ cutl]y & 9 v>i\s games2 ! automobili/ f9ds cork c>buretor floats indisp5sable2 *urn lids are made tight ) cork gaskets2 p5 hold]s h cork tips2 hats are l9$ ) ?9 %eets ( cork2 friction clut*es ( cork are /eadily gr[+ 9 favor2 ! optician employs small cork /rips 9 connection ) eyeglasses2 ! pla/]] uses cork floats2 :ile ! glass manufactur] kn[s no bett] m$ium = poli%+ 8 w>es ?an cork :eels4 ,! f9e/ pieces ( b>k are made into cork pap]1 s ?9 t five hundr$ %eets measure b "o in* 9 ?ickness4 ,sort$ into sev]al diff]5t grades1 ?is beautiful1 velvety mat]ial is practically all us$ 9 mak+ cig>ette tips4 ,fi%+ rod1 :ip1 bicycle1 tr[el1 & pyrographic in/rum5t h&les ( cork are1 ( c\rse1 famili> to e "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,/raight ,w9e ,corks ,illu/ration3 ,/raight ,soda ,corks1 ,d ,grade ,illu/ration3 ,granulat$ ,cork ,b ! manufacture ( corks & ( all ^! o!r articles involves wa/e1 & wa/e to an ext5t little dream$ (4 ,9 produc+ corks1 = in/ance1 fully sixty-five p] c5t ( ! raw mat]ial :i* />t$ out on its j\rney ?r\gh ! factory may be f\nd lat] 9 ! =m ( scrap at ! block+ & tap]+ ma*9es2 b ev5 9 ?is mutilat$ /ate ! b>k is /ill valuable1 & aft] prop] treatm5t 9 ! ,pittsburgh plant1 or "o ( ! o!r factories ( ! ,company1 appe>s 9 ! =m ( num]\s by-products ( great value & importance4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no?+ is wa/$2 ev5 ! smalle/ p>ticles are utiliz$4 ,l>ge quantities ( scrap are gr\nd up1 sift$1 & made into composition cork ) ! aid ( suitable b9d]s4 ,f 8,sub]it10 z ! f9e/ v>iety ( ?is mat]ial is t]m$--light1 close gra9$1 & t\gh1 )\t ! l>ge pores ( ! natural cork--table mats to be plac$ "u hot di%es1 p9 cu%ions1 fi%+ l9e floats1 poli%+ :eels1 & in/rum5t h&les are manufactur$2 :ile f 8,acme10 a some:at co>s] grade1 are made insoles1 ba? mats1 wa%]s1 gaskets1 & entomological cork--?9 %eets = m\nt+ insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,keg ,corks ,illu/ration3 ,pla/]]'s ,float ,illu/ration3 ,h& ,cut ,corks1 ,a ,grade ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,c>buretor ,floats ,"p ( ! wa/e is r$uc$ to ! =m ( cork %av+s & us$ to /uff mattresses & boat cu%ions1 = pack+ eggs & o!r fragile articles1 & 9 mak+ cork floor til+4 ,?is mat]ial is manufactur$ 9 ?ree %ades ( br[n1 & its w>m? ( tone & delicately mottl$ & ve9$ appe>ance give x a di/9ctive *>m peculi>ly its own4 ,smoo? & s(t z velvet to ! t\*1 cork til+ is nev]!less firm & resili5t & able to /& ye>s ( h>d s]vice4 ,?\s&s ( squ>e feet h be5 in/all$ 9 hotels1 libr>ies1 museums1 clubs1 & private resid5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,h& ,cut ,corks1 ,c ,grade ,cork fl\r is ano!r by-product1 & is manufactur$ f ! wa/e b>k by mu* ! same me?od z t employ$ 9 gr9d+ :eat4 ,?is beautiful light br[n du/ is "o ( ! *ief con/itu5ts ( high grade l9oleum4 ,9 ! ,company's plant at ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania1 ?\s&s ( y>ds ( ?is mat]ial are produc$ e day4 ,illu/ration3 ,moor+ & ,an*or+ ,buoys ,illu/ration3 ,j>1 ,mu/>d1 & ,%ell ,corks ,illu/ration3 ,r+ ,buoy ,illu/ration3 ,life-,pres]v] ,! _m diff]5t grades ( granulat$ cork1 made by gr9d+ up cork wa/e1 f9d a wide sph]e ( usefulness = pack+ & heat insulat+ purposes4 ,9 ?is la/ m5tion$ field1 9 fact1 cork n[ ranks preem95t4 ,its peculi> /ructure1 :i* may be se5 "u ! microscope--myriads ( seal$ air cells1 imp]vi\s to air & wat]--r5d]s x n only a spl5did nonconductor ( heat1 b also nonabsorb5t ( moi/ure4 ,= loose fill+ betwe5 ! walls ( ice boxes1 wat] cool]s1 & cold /orage rooms1 & ab\t ! sides ( freez+ tanks 9 ice factories1 hundr$s ( tons ( granulat$ cork are employ$ e ye>4 ,comp>atively rec5tly1 h[ev]1 an insulat+ mat]ial possess+ p]man5cy ( =m has be5 f\nd desirable = _m reasons4 ,to meet ?is dem& granulat$ cork is trans=m$ into corkbo>d at ! ,company's plants at ,beav] ,falls1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,camd51 ,new ,j]sey4 ,us+ ! pure cork1 ei!r ) or )\t an asphaltic b9d]1 ?ree grades ( ?is mat]ial are made1 kn[n z ,nonp>eil1 ,impregnat$1 & ,acme ,corkbo>d1 respectively4 ,! %eets measure twelve by ?irty-six in*es1 ( v>i\s ?icknesses1 &1 z !y possess ample /ructural /r5g?1 may be nail$ into place 9 build+s or rooms ( frame con/ruction1 or put up ) ,portl& cem5t aga9/ brick1 /one1 or concrete walls & ceil+s4 ,a pla/] f9i% is readily appli$4 ,ow+ to its fre$om f progressive det]ioration1 its con/ant effici5cy1 its sl[ burn+ & fire ret>d+ prop]ties1 & its sanit>y qualities1 corkbo>d insulation is n[ recogniz$ z ! /&>d ?r\gh\t ! l&1 & may be f\nd in/all$ almo/ ev]y:]e refrig]ation is employ$4 ,hundr$s ( cold /orage w>eh\ses1 abattoirs1 fur /orage vaults1 brew]ies1 ice plants1 dairies1 cream]ies1 c&y factories1 & bak]ies are insulat$ ) x1 n to m5tion refrig]at$ rooms 9 hotels1 clubs1 private resid5ces1 & abo>d ! %ips ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,briti%1 & ,italian navies4 ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,floor ,til+ ,ano!r by-product1 & ! la/ "o ( importance1 is cork pipe cov]+ = insulat+ cold pipe l9es4 ,made ( pure granulat$ cork1 slightly compress$ & mold$ 9 sectional =m to fit ! _m diff]5t sizes ( pipe & k9ds ( fitt+s1 x is a ?or\ghly durable cov]+ = br9e & ammonia pip+ 9 refrig]at+ plants1 & = ice wat] l9es 9 (fice build+s1 hotels1 & indu/rial e/abli%m5ts4 ,9 ?is rle ! cork b>k1 aft] its devi\s c>e] 9 ,am]ican factories1 p]=ms a s]vice simil> to t ( its e>ly days 9 ,spa91 :51 %ea?+ trunk & bran*es1 x prev5t$ ! sun's rays & ! p>*+ w9ds f heat+ & dry+ up ! cool1 life-giv+ sap ( its p>5t tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,nonp>eil ,corkbo>d ,illu/ration3 ,cork ,pipe ,cov]+ ,illu/ration ,rog]s ,company ,*icago & ,new ,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note ,m9or punctuation errors h be5 *ang$ )\t notice4 ,all o!r inconsi/5cies are z 9 ! orig9al4 ,9 ?is v]sion1 "s ,illu/ration tags h be5 mov$ beside ! relevant section ( ! text4