,transcriber's ,note ,italic text displayed as3 italic ,,anecdotes ,,and ,,memoirs ,,of ,,william ,,boen1 ,a ,,coloured ,,man1 ,,who ,,lived ,,and ,,died ,,near ,,mount ,,holly1 ,,new ,,jersey4 ,,to ,,which ,,is ,,added1 ,the ,testimony of ,friends of ,mount ,holly monthly meeting concerning him4 ,philadelphia3 ,,printed ,,by ,,john ,,richards1 ,no4 #abi ,north ,third ,street4 #ahcd4 ,,memoirs ,,and ,,anecdotes ,,of ,,william ,,boen4 ,william ,boen was a coloured man1 who resided near ,mount ,holly1 ,new ,jersey4 ,like many of his brethren of the ,african race1 in those days1 he was from his birth held as a slave4 ,but though poor and ignorant1 in his early days1 he was cared for1 as all others are1 by the universal ,parent of the human family4 ,he became a pious1 sober1 temperate1 honest1 and industrious man2 and by this means1 he obtained the friendship1 esteem1 and respect of all classes of his fellow-men1 and the approbation and peace of his heavenly ,father4 ,his industry1 temperance1 and cleanliness1 no doubt1 contributed much to his health and comfort2 so that he lived to be a very old man1 with having but little sickness through the course of his life4 ,his character being so remarkable for sobriety1 honesty1 and peace--that it induced some younger people to inquire by what means he had arrived to such a state1 and attained such a standing in the neighbourhood where he lived4 ,ever willing to instruct1 counsel1 and admonish the youth1 he could relate his own experience of the work of grace in his heart1 which led him into such uprightness of life and conduct4 ,for his memory did not appear to be much impaired by reason of old age4 ,to a friend who visited him in the eighty-sixth year of his age1 he gave the following account of his early life1 and religious experience4 ,on being asked1 whether he could remember in what way1 and by what means1 he was first brought to mind and follow that1 which had been his guide and rule of faith and life1 and which had led and preserved him so safely along through time8 ,william answered as follows3 8,oh6 yes2 that ,i can1 right well4 ,in the time of the old ,french war1 my master 7for ,i was a poor black boy1 a slave7 my master sent me to chop wood1 on a hill-side1 out of sight of any house2 and there was a great forest of woods below me2 and he told me to cut down all the trees on that hill-side4 ,when ,i went home1 in the evenings1 ,i often heard them talking about the ,indians killing and scalping people3 and sometimes1 some of the neighbours would come in1 and they and my master's family talked of the ,indians killing such and such1--nearer and nearer to us4 ,and so1 from time to time1 ,i would hear them tell of the ,indians killing1 and scalping people1 nearer and nearer3 so that ,i began to think1 like enough1 by and by1 they would kill me4 ,and ,i thought more and more about it2 and again would hear tell of their coming still nearer4 ,at length1 ,i thought1 sure enough they will get so near1 that they will hear the sound of my axe1 and will come and kill me4 ,here is a great forest of woods below me1 and no house in sight3--surely1 ,i have not long to live4 ,i expected every day would be my last2--that they would soon kill me1 a poor black boy1 here all alone40 8,a thought then came into my mind1 whether ,i was fit to die4 ,it was showed me1 and ,i saw plain enough1 that ,i was not fit to die4 ,then it troubled me very much1 that ,i was not fit to die2 and ,i felt very desirous1--very anxious that ,i might be made fit to die4 ,so ,i stood still1 in great amazement2 and it seemed as if a flaming sword passed through me4 ,and when it passed over1 and ,i recollected myself 7for ,i stood so1 some time7 it was showed me how ,i should be made fit to die3 and ,i was willing to do any thing1 so ,i might be made fit to die40 8,thus1 ,i was brought to mind and follow that1 that has been the guide and rule of my life1--that within me1 that inclined me to good1 and showed and condemned evil4 ,now ,i considered ,i had a new master--,i had two masters2 and it was showed me 7in my mind7 by my new ,master1 a certain tree on the hill-side1 that ,i must not cut down4 ,i knowed the tree well enough4 ,i had not come to it yet4 ,but ,i did not know what ,i should do2 for my old master had told me to cut all the trees down1 on that hill-side4 ,my new ,master forbids me to cut a certain one4 ,so ,i thought a good deal about it4 ,i cut on2 and by and by ,i came to the tree4 ,i cut on by it1 and let it stand4 ,but ,i expected1 every day1 my old master would come1 and see that tree standing1 and say1 #8,what did thee leave that tree standing for8 ,did not ,i tell thee to cut all the trees down1 as thee went8 ,go1 cut that tree down4' ,then1 ,i didn't know what ,i should do4 ,but he never said any thing to me about it4 ,i cut on1 and got some distance by it2 and one day my old master brought out his axe1 and cut the tree down himself2 and never said1 ,william1 why didn't thee cut that tree down8 never said any thing to me about it4 ,then ,i thought1 surely my new ,master will make way for me1 and take care of me1 if ,i love him1 and mind him1 and am attentive to this my guide1 and rule of life4 ,and this seemed an evidence and proof of it1 and strengthened me much in love1 and confidence in my ,guide40 ,after the respectable and goodly old man1 had given this interesting account of the way and manner in which he was brought to follow the guide of his life1 the following question was put to him3 8,well1 ,william1 has thee1 from that time1 till now1 been so careful and attentive to thy guide1 as never to say or do amiss80 ,to which he replied1 8,oh6 no3 ,i have missed it--,i have several times missed it40 ,he was then asked1 8,well1 ,william1 in that case1 how did thee get along80 ,he answered1 8,oh6 when ,i missed it1--when ,i found ,i had said1 or done wrong1 ,i felt very sorry4 ,i tried to be more careful1 for time to come2--never to do so any more3 and ,i believe ,i was forgiven40 ,another inquiry was made of ,william1 how he and his old master got along together1 after his change4 ,he said1 8,very well4 ,some time afterwards1 one of the neighbours said to me1 one day1 #8,william1 thy master talks of setting thee free4' ,i didn't think much about it--didn't expect there was any thing in it2 though ,i heard others say he talked of setting me free2--till1 after some time1 as my master was walking with me1 going to my work1 he said1 #8,william1 wouldn't thee like to be free8' ,i didn't say any thing to it4 ,i thought he might know ,i should like to be free4 ,i didn't make him any answer about it1 but then ,i thought there was something in it4 ,so after awhile1 sure enough1 he did set me free40 ,there is no doubt his old master observed a great change in him2 for his guide taught him to be dutiful1 industrious and diligent in his business1 careful in his words and actions1 and sober1 steady1 and exemplary in all he said1 and in all his conduct4 ,william ,boen's guide1 and rule of life and conduct1 his new ,master1 as he called him1 that did so much for him1 and raised him from the state of a poor slave1 to be a free man1 in good esteem--thro' habits of temperance1 sobriety1 honest industry and integrity1--whereby he was enabled to become the respectable head of a family1 and to acquire a house1 and property of his own1 sufficient for the comfortable accommodation of himself and family2--and who forsook him not when he became old1 and grey-headed2--his new ,master was the same ,light that appears unto all2 and it would guide every one in the right way1 as it did him1 if they would take it for their ,master1 and mind and obey it1 as he did4 ,it was the guide of his youth1--became his ,lord and ,master1--preserved him from evil1--and conducted him safely through the trials of life1 to a good old age4 ,william ,boen's new ,master was1 and is the same thing that the apostle ,paul1 in his ,epistle to ,titus1 bears testimony to1 in these words2 8the grace of ,god1 that bringeth salvation1 hath appeared to all men2--teaching us1 that1 denying all ungodliness and worldly lusts1 we should live soberly1 righteously1 and godly in this present world40 ,now1 surely1 if we don't take it for our master1 and mind its teachings1 we cannot know it to bring our salvation1 or save us from all ungodliness and worldly lusts1 as he did1 and as all do1 that are obedient to this grace of ,god1 the ,light of ,christ1 within4 ,in ,william ,boen's simple account of the way and means1 by which he was showed how he should be made fit to die2--that is1 by minding and following that within him1 which inclined him to good1 and that showed and condemned him for evil1--the goodness1 mercy1 and condescending care of the ,almighty ,father1 are strikingly manifest4 ,how graciously he suits his dispensations to the weak and ignorant states of his children1 who sincerely seek him1 and inquire what they shall do to be saved6 ,when ,william ,boen thought of death1 something showed him he was not fit to die4 ,he 8saw it plain enough10 and was troubled4 ,in his anxiety to be prepared to die1 he became still and quiet--and then he felt condemnation1 as a flaming sword1 pass through him4 ,when this had its effect to bring him to a state of humility and watchfulness1 the ,divine ,light in his soul showed him the way in which he should walk1 in order to become fit to die4 ,he became willing to do any thing required of him3 so1 to prove his obedience1 it was showed him1 by his new ,master1 that he must leave a certain tree standing1 where he was felling timber4 ,he began to reason upon consequences1 but resolved to obey his new ,master1 in preference to his old one4 ,it was sufficient to test his faith and love2 and though a simple circumstance1 it was probably of great use to him ever after2 as by it he was taught to be faithful in little things1 and thus became ruler over more4 ,it may be useful to survivors1 who1 like ,william1 are desirous so to live1 as that they may become fit to die1--to bring into view some anecdotes of his life1 that show the principles by which his mind and conduct were regulated4 ,in his conversation among men1 he was very careful to keep to the plain language1--the language of truth and sincerity--yet1 through the help of his guide1 he detected himself in a deviation from it1 in the following circumstance4 ,a wealthy neighbour1 a white man1 frequently availed himself of ,william's obliging disposition1 by using his grindstone1 instead of procuring one for himself4 ,on an occasion of this kind1 his neighbour told him he was obliged to him for the use of his grindstone3 to which1 ,william returned the usual compliment of saying he was welcome4 ,after the man was gone1 ,william became uneasy in his mind1 with his reply1 as being insincere4 ,he therefore went to his neighbour1 and made an acknowledgment1 that although he had told him he was welcome1 yet it was only in conformity with custom1 and was not the case2 for he thought his neighbour was better able to keep a grindstone of his own1 than he was4 ,how many customary compliments1 by-words1 and common expressions1 would be dispensed with1 as idle words1 for which we must give an account in the day of judgment1--if a strict regard to truth and sincerity1 were the ruling principle or guide of all our words and actions6 ,william ,boen appears to have been as strictly careful in his adherence to the principles of justice1 and the rights of property1 as he was in regard to truth and sincerity in his communications4 ,being employed1 with several others1 to mow the meadows attached to the place called ,breezy ,ridge1 on ,lomberton creek1--,william1 with his scythe1 accidentally struck a partridge that was concealed from his view1 in the grass1 and killed it4 ,as it appeared to be in good order1 his companions proposed that he should take it home1 for his own use4 ,william1 however1 was not easy to do so3 he said the partridge did not belong to him1 but to the owner of the meadow4 ,on another occasion1 he manifested the acuteness of his feelings1 in regard to the rights of property4 ,with other labourers1 he was employed to cut timber in the pines1 at a distance from the settlements4 ,they took provisions with them1 to encamp for a week or two in the woods2 and1 finding an empty cabin on lands that did not belong to their employer1 they made use of it4 ,william's mind1 however1 was not quite satisfied4 ,he had been using the property of another1 without leave4 ,so1 after his return1 he took an early opportunity to represent the case to the owner of the cabin1 who lived some miles distant from him4 ,william ,boen believed in ,christ1 as the ,prince of peace2 and that those who professed to be ,christians1 and lived in his peaceable spirit1 could have nothing to do with war1 in any shape4 ,he therefore had a testimony to bear against the spirit of war1 and the love of money that stands in connexion with it4 ,not far from ,william's habitation1 there lived a storekeeper1 a man of considerable note1 who had been an officer in the army1 during the time of the ,american revolution4 ,some time after the peace was concluded1 this storekeeper traded largely in buying up soldiers' certificates1 for much less than their nominal value4 ,by this means1 he made considerable profits to himself1 with which he engaged in building a large and fine house4 ,while thus employed1 ,william ,boen called on him1 and told him he had been much concerned for him1 on account of his traffic in what he considered no better than the price of blood1 and that the money with which he was building his house1 was unrighteous gain4 ,he also quoted that passage of scripture1 as applicable to the case1 respecting ,judas1 who betrayed his ,master for the sake of money2 and mentioned the manner of his death4 ,his reproof and admonition were delivered with so much honesty and tender feeling1 and the kind and friendly motives that influenced him thereto1 were so apparent1 that his neighbour1 though a high-spirited man1 received his communication1 in a respectful manner2--and1 on a subsequent occasion1 upon hearing some persons remark1 that they wondered that ,william was not ridiculed by boys1 and light1 vain persons1 on account of his singular appearance1 and wearing his beard so long1--he stated1 that ,william ,boen was a religious man2 and that his well known piety impressed the minds of such people with awe and respect towards him2 and thus they were prevented from manifesting that levity which the singularity of his dress and appearance might otherwise have produced4 ,for it is to be observed1 that he thought it right to have all his clothing of the natural colours1 and made very plain and simple4 ,as he was very clean in his person1 his wearing apparel became very white1 by washing--his hair and beard also became white through age3 and these1 contrasted with his dark skin1 gave him a very venerable appearance4 ,he was affable1 modest1 and respectful1 in his manners and deportment2 while the mildness and gravity of his countenance1 indicated a mind governed by the precepts of the gospel1 and often impressed lessons of serious reflection on those who beheld him2--especially in the solidity and reverence1 with which he sat in religious meetings4 ,it was probably on account of his dress1 that some person remarked to him1 that he appeared to be endeavouring to walk in the footsteps of ,john ,woolman1--a ,friend with whom he had been intimately acquainted4 ,after a pause1 he said1 8,i am endeavouring to follow the footsteps of ,christ40 ,william ,boen1 by attending to his ,guide1 and faithfully following ,christ1 his new ,master1 was brought to believe in his doctrine1 in relation to gospel ministers3 8,freely ye have received1 freely give40 ,he therefore did not approve of hireling ministry1 or paying men for preaching4 ,this testimony to a free gospel ministry1 he carried so far1 in order to keep a pure conscience towards his ,divine ,master1 that on one occasion1 after he had sold some wood to a person1 who was called a clergyman1--he felt scrupulous about receiving money from him1 which was obtained by preaching3 as it would not be1 in his apprehension1 bearing a faithful testimony against hireling ministry4 ,so he went to the man1 and asked him whether he got his money by preaching4 ,on being answered in the affirmative1 ,william told him1 he was not free to take his money in pay for the wood1 as he did not approve of making money by preaching1 contrary to the command of ,christ4 ,yet his mind was clothed with ,christian charity towards his fellow-creatures1 who had not been brought to see and walk in the way which he apprehended to be required of him4 ,william was not free to use any thing either in food or clothing1 that he knew to be produced through the labour of slaves4 ,on its being asked him1 whether he thought so well of his friends that used the products of slavery1 as he would do1 if they did not use such articles2 he replied1 8,obedience is all1 with me4 ,i believe it is required of me1 not to use these things3 and if it has never been required of them1 not to use these things1 then they are as much in the way of their duty1 in using them1 as ,i am in the way of my duty1 in not using them40 ,when ,william was drawing near the close of his long and exemplary life1 his bodily powers failed through weakness1 and the decay of nature2 but his mind was preserved clear and tranquil4 ,at this season1 he was frequently visited by a friend1 who1 on one occasion1 made some remarks respecting the calm and peaceful state of mind1 which he appeared to enjoy1 and inquired of him by what means he had attained to such a happy state4 ,william1 in accordance with his common expression of trying all things by the mind1 gave this short and comprehensive answer3 8,by keeping the mind easy1--and resisting every thing that made it uneasy40 ,soon after his death1 the following obituary notice1 appeared in one of the public papers3 8,died1 near ,mount ,holly1 on the #abth instant1 in the ninetieth year of his age1 ,william ,boen1 7alias ,heston7 a coloured man40 ,rare1 indeed1 are the instances that we meet with1 in which we feel called upon to record the virtues of any of this afflicted race of people4 ,the deceased1 however1 was one of those who had demonstrated the truth of that portion of scripture1 that 8of a truth ,god is no respecter of persons2 but in every nation1 they that fear him and work righteousness1 are accepted with him40 ,he was concerned in early life1 8to do justly1 love mercy1 and walk humbly with his ,god20 and by a close attention to the light of ,christ within1 and faithfully abiding under the operation of that blessed spirit of ,divine grace in his soul1 he was enabled1 not only to bear many precious testimonies faithfully1 to the end of his days1 but also to bring forth those fruits of the spirit which redound to the glory of ,god1 and the salvation of the soul4 ,he was an exemplary member of the religious ,society of ,friends2 and as he lived1 so he died1--a rare pattern of a self-denying follower of ,jesus ,christ4 ,he had no apparent disease1--either of body or mind2 but1 as he expressed himself a short time before his death1 he felt nothing but weakness3 which continued to increase1 until he gently breathed his last2 and is1 no doubt1 entered into his heavenly ,father's rest4 8,mark the perfect man1 and behold the upright3 for the end of that man is peace40 #fth month1 #ahbd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,memorial of ,mount ,holly monthly meeting of ,friends1 concerning ,william ,boen1 a coloured man4 ,read in the ,yearly ,meeting of ,friends1 held in ,philadelphia1 #ahbi4 ,as the memory of those who have followed the leadings of that ,teacher which leadeth into all truth1 and enables its votaries to become1 by example1 preachers of righteousness1 is precious1 we feel engaged to give the following testimony concerning our deceased friend1 ,william ,boen1 a coloured man4 ,he was born in the year #agce1 in the neighbourhood of ,rancocas4 ,being a slave from his birth1 he had very little opportunity of acquiring useful learning2 yet by his own industry and care1 he succeeded in learning to read and write4 ,his mind became seriously impressed while very young1 and he was induced in early life1 to attend to the monitions of light and life in his own mind1 being convinced from what he felt within him1 of the existence of a ,supreme ,being2 and also of the manner of his visiting the children of men1 by the inward peace which he felt upon a faithful performance of what he thus apprehended to be his duty4 ,about the twenty-eighth year of his age1 he contracted for his freedom2 and having entered into marriage engagements with a woman in the neighbourhood1 but not being1 at that time1 a member of our society1 he was straitened in his mind how to accomplish it2 as he was fully convinced of our testimony in that respect4 ,in this difficulty1 he made known his situation to our friend1 ,john ,woolman1 who1 to relieve him1 had a number of persons convened at a friend's house1 where they were married after the manner of our society1 and a certificate to that effect1 furnished them by those present4 ,about this time he made application to become a member of our society2 but way not opening in ,friends' minds1 he was not received1 but encouraged to continue faithful2 which we believe he did1 from the account we have of nearly his whole life4 ,he was concerned above all things1 to walk in the path of truth and righteousness2 and according to his measure1 to be faithful to every opening of duty1 by which means he obtained the esteem of all who knew him4 ,as he thus continued steadfast to the light in his own mind1 he was favoured to see the necessity of a daily cross to all the gratifications of self1 and that the cause of truth cannot grow in us1 while we are governed by a worldly spirit4 ,by yielding full obedience to that light1 which it was his chiefest joy to follow1 he became truly convinced of the necessity of maintaining the various testimonies which we1 as a people1 have been called upon to bear2 and1 in some respects1 he had to bear a testimony against things in which many of his white brethren indulge1 particularly in regard to slavery2 refusing to wear1 or use in any shape1 articles which come through that corrupted channel4 ,and1 we believe1 it was through dedication to the ,lord1 and an unreserved surrender of his will1 to the ,divine will1 that he was brought to see these things in that light which deceiveth not4 ,thus1 evincing by his conversation and example1 the truth of that scripture declaration1 8,all thy children shall be taught of the ,lord1 and great shall be the peace of thy children2 in righteousness shalt thou be established40 ,it appears1 not only from his own words1 but also from his weighty example1 that his great concern was to keep his mind easy1 believing that right and wrong actions would result either in peace or pain within2 hence1 his great care was to 8try all things by the mind10 as he expressed it1 or the light of ,christ within2 with which he was1 no doubt1 through faithfulness1 in a remarkable manner favoured2 esteeming it right to be obedient to every manifested duty1 however in the cross1 or insignificant to the carnal mind1 these small duties might appear2 and as he was found1 like the servant in the parable1 8faithful in the little10 he was strengthened to rule over the carnal propensities of his nature1 bringing his words and actions into the obedience of ,christ4 ,his humility was such1 that although in low circumstances1 he appeared to be content1 and even refused to indulge himself in rich food or clothing1 saying that 8bread and water was good enough for him40 ,in #ahad1 he was1 on application1 received into membership with us1 and continued to the last1 when able1 a steady attender of our meetings1 both for worship and discipline4 ,he enjoyed reasonable health and strength until about his eighty-seventh year1 when his strength began to fail1 but the faculties of his mind remained good until his end4 ,some weeks previous to his death1 he spoke of it with the utmost composure1 and recounting his past trials and experiences said1 8he had thought he was alone with regard to his testimony against slavery40 ,but1 as though he had fresh evidences thereof1 said1 8he believed it would grow and increase among ,friends40 ,he appeared perfectly resigned to death1 having no will therein2 and as he expressed himself1 8that some died hard and others easy1 but for himself1 he had no wish for either1 being fully resigned to the ,divine will in all things40 ,to a friend present1 the day previous to his death1 he stated 8that he felt himself going very fast2 but that he had no wish to stay40 ,his weakness increasing1 and having no desire to take any nourishment1 he was asked if he was sick1 or felt any pain2 to which he answered1 8that he felt neither pain nor sickness1 but weakness1 and a total disrelish for every thing of this world40 ,his weakness continued to increase until he passed quietly away1 on the night of the #abth of the #fth month1 #ahbd1 in the ninetieth year of his age2 and we doubt not1 he has entered into his heavenly ,father's rest4 ,read in1 and approved by1 ,mount ,holly monthly meeting of ,friends1 held #aath month #fth1 #ahbh4 ,,amos ,,bullock1 ,clerk4 ,read in1 and approved by1 ,burlington ,quarterly meeting of ,friends1 held at ,chesterfield1 on the #beth of the #aath month1 #ahbh1 and directed to be forwarded to the ,yearly ,meeting4 ,,andrew ,c4 ,,ridgway1 ,clerk4 ,transcriber's ,notes pg #e ,changed ,then1 ,i did'nt to3 didn't pg #f ,changed did'nt to3 didn't in #d places pg #f ,changed ,william1 would'nt to3 wouldn't pg #ac ,added ending quote after3 a coloured man