,,orpheus                               
,,orpheus                               
,,or                            ,!      
,music ( ! ,future                      
,,by                                    
,w4 ,j4 ,,turn]                 ,au?or (
 8,! ,sev5 ,days ( ! ,sun10 etc4        
,illu/ration                            
,,new ,,york                            
,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton  ,,company             
#fha ,,fif? ,,av5ue                     
,copyright1 #aibf                       
,,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton  ,,company        
,all ,rights ,res]v$                    
,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica      
,,cont5ts        ,,*apt]                
,,page      ,i4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,music 
#a      ,,ii4 ,,is ,,music ,,k ,,or     
,,life8                                 
#ad      ,,iii4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,idea ,,(  
,,progress                              
#bg      ,,iv4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,progress
 ,,9 ,,music                            
#cf      ,v4 ,,absolute ,,value         
#dg      ,,vi4 ,,emotional              

,,significance                          
#fd      ,,vii4 ,,beyond ,,all ,,s5se   
#hc                                     
,,orpheus                               
,,*apt] ,i                              
,,def9ition ,,( ,,music      ,! dulle/  
books on lit]ature are ! books :i* beg9 
) a  hi/ory ( ! alphabet4 ,a good hi/ory
 has its uses2 h[ev]1 ?is  book is n a  
hi/ory b a phantasy or1 if y l1 a       
philosophy4  ,= if x be a good phantasy 
x w be a good philosophy s9ce all       
philosophy is phantasy1 or ! imag9ation 
( love4      ,amor *e muove il mondo e  
l'altre /elle    ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t       
philosophy deg5]ates f t love :i*  moves
 ! sph]es into t love ( mov+ 9 ! tracks 
( ! sph]es  :i* is call$ ! love ( k1 &  
philosoph]s are commonly  m5 :o sp5d _! 
lives describ+ ! old tracks 9 :i* !y are
  runn+1 & tea*+ h[ y also may keep y\r 
feet 9 !m4 ,s1 too1  musician has come  
to mean a man :o p]=ms music--he plays  
ov] aga9  ,bee?ov5's sonatas & ,*op9's  
/udies2     p>t\t il p>c\rit et p>f\rnit

    ,?is p]=mance ( 8 is a tribute to   
our weakness & a sign ( our             
imp]fection1 &1 s9ce we are weak &      
imp]fect1 is necess>y2 b  ,i _c /ate too
 cle>ly & decisively at ! outset t music
  is n ! play+ or ! he>+ ( symphonies & 
sonatas b !  imag9ation ( love4    ,if  
music is n ! imag9ation ( love1 if x is 
n a spiritual  act1 :at is x8 ,!        
commons5se reply w be t x is an ord]$   
arrangem5t ( s\nds4 ,b two words ( ?is  
def9ition beg !  "q4 ,:at is meant by   
8ord]$10 & :at by 8arrangem5t08 ,ord]  &
 arrangem5t imply mean+ & significance4 
,c we h an ord]  t is an end 9 itself1  
is intr9sically satisfy+1 or beautiful1 
or  /imulat+8 ,b to :om8 ,to man4 ,b    
take away love f man1 & :at  is he8 ,:at
 is left is mean+less1 ev5              
indescribable1 = 9 love all  ?+s exi/ & 
h _! be+4 ,music is ! imag9ation ( love 
9 s\nd4 ,x is :at man imag9es ( 8 life1 
& 8 life is love4  ,!re are z _m k9ds ( 
love z !re are _m k9ds ( life1 & x  is  
possible t !y may n all be imag9able 9  

s\nd4 ,i say x  is possible1 ,i d n say 
x is probable4 ,we d n "k at pres5t1  & 
inde$ we %all only "k :5 ! common in/9ct
 ( mank9d has  ab&on$ s\nd z a means (  
expression4 ,& t may happ54 ,!re  may be
 no un5d+ future ( music1 only a limit$ 
future4 ,or ! _w  ( music may be l !    
univ]se ( ,e9/e91 8f9ite b unb\nd$40  ,&
 ?is inde$ is my belief4 ,x is a f9ite1 
a clos$ _w4    ,c y express ! life ( !  
vegetable _w 9 music8 ,!  imag9ation ( a
 plant8 ,! tree t rises to ! sun ?r[s   
its  %ad[ ^u ! m9d ( man2 y may ?9k y _c
 ?r[ t %ad[  9 music b y c s\nd =? !    
%ad[ ( t %ad[1 turn  ! impalpable gho/ (
 light into a gho/ ( s\nd1 trans=m ^?   
tremul\s visual waves into auditory     
waves--n 9 ! laboratory (  ! physici/ b 
9 ! laboratory ( ! m9d4 ,! musician may 
d  ?is4 ,he may d 9 a b> ( notes :at !  
poet does 9 a l9e (  v]se--make a unique
 s5sible impression ^u ! m9d4 ,debussy's
  ,prlude  l',aprs-midi d'un ,faune     
makes ?is impression ( a  vegetable _w  
alive 9 quiv]+ hot sun%9e & ,debussy's  

music  is full ( ! imag9ation ( a       
special ord] ( life1 ! life (  trees1   
/reams & lakes1 ! play ( light ^u wat] &
 on cl\ds1  ! murmur ( plants dr9k+ &   
fe$+ 9 ! sunlight1 & all  t ord] (      
motion & movem5t :i* we are 9 ! habit ( 
call+  physical1 all t ord] ( emotion   
:i* we describe z belong+ to  ! five    
s5ses4 ,i d n believe !re is any        
s5sation or feel+ (  :i* man is capable 
9 ! pres5ce ( ! natural _w :i* may n  be
 express$ 9 music4    ,music is ! mo/   
concrete & physical ( all ! arts z x is 
probably ! e>lie/ & mo/ primitive4      
,bea/s :i* _c draw or  write c make     
expressive s\nds1 & ! e>lie/ m5         
und\bt$ly  communicat$ by s\nd be=e !y  
le>n$ to communicate by writt5  or pa9t$
 signs4 ,b :e!r at ! o!r end ( ! scale  
!re is  a limit to music's p[] (        
expression no "o c say4 ,x is only      
possible at ?is /age 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d
 to affirm t up  till n[ ! highe/1 mo/  
spiritual p[]s ( ! human m9d h  be5 able
 to f9d expression 9 music4 ,!re is no?+

 9 ! _w's  f9e/ lit]ature t surpasses   
:at we may f9d 9 ! _w's be/  music1     
al?\gh1 z we %all see lat]1 music may h 
a virtue t is  entirely its own4 ,b x w 
n surprise u to f9d ourselves limit$  to
 ! "w ( a v few compos]s :5 we ask =    
music t is z  highly organiz$ z ! f9e/  
poetry4    ,music 9 ?is respect has be5 
9 ! pa/ ne>] to pa9t+ & to  sculpture   
?an to poetry4 ,z ) ! pla/ic arts its   
swift] &  /rong] appeal to ! s5ses is a 
s\rce ( weakness z ( /r5g?4  ,x is a    
s\rce ( weakness because 9 e arti/ !re  
is a natural  t5d5cy to slip into :at   
comes easie/ 9 8 m$ium4 ,9 music x is   
easi] to make s\nds t m]ely gratify or  
/imulate ! s5se (  he>+ & ! crud]       
emotions ?an to make s\nds ( a m complex
  "* :i* w express ! subtl] & f9] life (
 a m  spiritual imag9ation4 ,infantile  
music is bo? easi] to compose &  easi]  
to he> ?an mature music1 s ! public & ! 
musician f9d  !mselves 9 a natural      
league 9 fav\r ( ! raw] k9ds ( music4   
,?us ! song ( obvi\s & commonplace      

s5tim5t & ! jazz tune (  blatant rhy?m h
 univ]sal popul>ity4 ,ev5 an animal1 "o 
sometimes  fancies might be consci\s (  
su* music4 ,its comb9ations are s       
simple t !y may c]ta9ly be und]/ood by e
 human creature4  8,all ,nature he>s ?y 
voice10 "o might almo/ say ( !          
saxophone1  & possibly x is ! sort (    
music to :i* ! m\nta9s w\ld skip  l rams
 c\ld !y b he> x4    ,all life moves 9  
rhy?m4 ,we "k to-day t ! old di/9ctions 
betwe5 _s & matt] are sup]ficial4 ,:5 ,i
 0 a /ud5t at  ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es at ! age
 ( sev5te51 le>n+ organic &  inorganic  
*emi/ry1 we 7 taught ,m5deleff's ,law   
:i* %[$ t  all ! elem5ts 7 multiples ( a
 common d5om9ator1 ! atom2  & s9ce !n x 
has be5 discov]$ t in/ead ( ! atom be+  
! smalle/ possible bit ( matt]1 f9ite & 
irr$ucible1 x is a  sol> sy/em--its sun 
& planets be+ bits ( positive & negative
  electricity4 ,all t is left ( ! :ole  
/ructure ( n9ete5?  c5tury mat]ialism   
has crumbl$ away to t ^w 8bits40 ,we _c 
z yet imag9e or ?9k )\t re/+ some:]e on 

8bits40 ,our m9ds  l our feet ne$ a     
solid some?+ b5ea? !m4 ,x is p>alys+ to 
conceive t ! floor we /& ^u1 ! *air we  
sit ^u1 consi/  solely ( rotat+         
electrical =ces1 b :5 we ?9k ( 8bits0   
weld$ toge!r we feel safe aga91 al?\gh  
actually ^! 8bits0 are  a pure m5tal    
fiction1 & :at we /& & sit ^u is motion4
 ,if  ! motion /opp$ we %\ld fall into !
 bottomless pit1 ! fam\s  vacuum abhorr$
 ( ,nature 7alias ,tophet 9 biblical    
language74    ,my *emi/ry tea*]s w\ld h 
be5 z sc&aliz$ to ?9k t at  ! bottom (  
_! inorganic & organic *emi/ry !re 0    
no?+  b motion1 z my music tea*]s w\ld h
 be5 sc&aliz$ to ?9k  t at ! bottom ( ! 
major & m9or scales !re 0 no?+ b  love4 
,!y imag9$ t ^! 7 two entirely diff]5t  
worlds )  an inf9ite *asm betwe5 !m4 ,!y
 ?\ght t inorganic *emi/ry  0 absolutely
 diff]5t f organic *emi/ry1 al?\gh (    
c\rse  !y w\ld h got into a hopeless    
muddle _h !y tri$ to prove  _! belief--b
 !n only fools & g5iuses try to prove _!
  beliefs4 ,nei!r my *emi/ry nor my     

music tea*]s c\ld ev] expla9  any?+4 ,"o
 0 simply ask$ to swall[ :ole &         
regurgitate :ole  :at 0 obvi\sly m]e    
un9telligible rigm>ole4 ,^? ( u :o _h   
?is p>rot-l faculty became 9 our turn   
,pr(essors ( ,*emi/ry &  ( ,music4    ,!
 great creative sci5ti/s ( ?is age h    
dis9tegrat$ ^?  old h>d ideas1 & x n[   
appe>s t ! ,univ]se is a miracle  (     
rhy?m1 & t 8matt]10 j l man1 is kept    
go+1 is  ma9ta9$ z a co-ord9at$ :ole by 
"s electrical urge or spiritual         
impulse--at bottom x is p]haps ! same   
?+1 al?\gh 8?+0 is  a v inappropriate   
^w4 ,! conception ( ! 8w to live0 has  a
 pr(\nd] mean+ = u n[1 & we realize t if
 ! 8w to  live0 dies 9 a man ! man      
himself dies4 ,a rec5t an?ropologi/1  ! 
late ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,f4,r4,s41
 9 a book on ! decay (  ,melanesia1     
attributes ! dy+ (f ( ! population 9    
c]ta9  isl&s1 unaffect$ by disease & )  
an abundance ( food1 to life  hav+      
become devoid ( mean+ to !m aft] contact
 ) an ali5  & unassimilable             

civilization4 ,!y _h lo/ fai? 9 _! old  
_w ( ideas )\t hav+ ! p[] to ent] !     
completely new  & /range :ite man's _w4 
,) ! decay ( _! anci5t beliefs  !y took 
no pleasure 9 _! anci5t religi\s        
ex]cises4 ,joy &  ,ritual simultane\sly 
fad$4 ,!y lo/ ! desire to live4 ,ea* "o 
( u goes on liv+ only s long z he       
desires to live1 & ! desire  v>ies 9    
degree4    ,we h to admit t we use ^!   
words 8life0 & 8liv+0 /ill  )\t k ( :at 
!y mean1 b x is n necess>y1 nor d ,i    
?9k x possible1 to "k :at !y mean4 ,k is
 n important1  x is life t is important1
 & we c feel life if we _c "k  x4 ,!    
only way 9 :i* we c "k life is by creat+
 x1 & x  w be my duty 9 a lat] *apt] to 
discuss ?is4    ,9 ! meantime x is cle> 
t ! l9e f ,dante :i* ,i began by  quot+3
      ,amor *e muove il mondo e l'altre 
/elle    is no idle phantasy b a lit]al 
tru?4 ,! _w ab\t u seems  to be mat]ial1
 b exi/s 9 rhy?m4 ,x is a liv+ _w1 & x  
is  kept alive by a spiritual =ce :i* we
 c be/ describe z love1 &  ,i end ?is   

*apt] ) ! def9ition ) :i* ,i began x4   
,all art  is ! imag9ation ( love1 &     
music is ! imag9ation ( love 9  s\nd4   
,,*apt] ,,ii                            
,,is ,,music ,,k ,,or ,,life8      ,:at 
is k8 ,& :at is musical k8 ,! latt] "q  
is no d\bt includ$ 9 ! =m]1 b we %all   
see4 ,we "k by  exp]i5ce t x is possible
 to le>n ! alphabet ( a language4 ,!    
alphabet z su* has no long] any mean+1 t
 is :y x is possible  to use x )        
mean+--9 t =m we call language4 ,b1 at !
  beg9n+1 ^! p]fectly conv5tionaliz$1   
p]fectly mean+less  symbols1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1
 ,d1 etc41 _h ea* a mean+ & a v def9ite 
mean+4 ,& ^? s]ies ( mean+s 7:i* h n[   
%rivell$  into ! sc5tless1 sav\rless1   
unembodi$ tw5ty-six gho/s ( !  alphabet7
 preclud$ by _! v vitality ! possibility
 ( all o!r  mean+s4 ,_! life 0 dea? to  
all o!r life & n until !y  7 dead c\ld  
o!rs live4 ,?is /range ph5om5on is an   
elem5t 9  ! beautiful my? ( ,orpheus &  
,eurydice4 ,orpheus mu/ n behold !  face
 ( ,eurydice :5 he br+s h] up f !       

und]world :]e %e  disappe>$1 = 9 !      
physical vision he w be =ev] bl9d$ to  !
 _s :i* is return+ ) him1 :o is n !     
,eurydice t  0 b ! ,eurydice t is to be4
 ,& ! :ole life ( language is  9 ?is    
process ( cont9u\s dy+4 ,words die by   
becom+ ab/ract1  !n :5 !y are completely
 dead !y come to life aga9 z memb]s  ( a
 m complicat$ life1 ! life ( ! s5t5ce4  
,s5t5ces die  & become idioms1 idioms   
ideas1 ideas !ories1 !ories philosophies
  & religions4 ,e page ( prose is a     
h>ve/ rais$ f corpses  & "u its fl[]+   
abundance dead bodies lie ?ickly buri$4 
,!n  a "t comes :5 ^! extremely complex 
sy/ems break up & !  words re-em]ge 9   
s+le units aga91 b ) *ang$ c\nt5ances  &
 expressions1 to beg9 a new s]ies (     
dea?-&-life exi/5ce4 ,b  ! lett]s       
!mselves1 ( :i* all words are compris$1 
are f9ally  & =ev] dead--:i* is ano!r   
way ( say+ !y are immortal2  = !y d n   
*ange z words *ange f "o g5]ation to    
ano!r4  ,! 8o0 9 dog does n diff] f !   
8o0 9 god because 8o0 has no  long]     

individuality or mean+4 ,:at we call 8k0
 is t :i*  has become fix$ & immortal1 t
 :i* has ceas$ to live & h  be+ & is    
immutable4 ,obvi\sly we _c be said to "k
 a ?+  :i* is susceptible ( *ange1 :i*  
may diff] to-morr[ f :at  x is to-day4  
,!re=e we c only "k :at is unkn[able1   
because  we only "k :at does n exi/4    
,?is is no empty p>adox4 ,x is n  a play
 on ! ^w 8exi/40 ,we may say we "k !    
lett]s ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1  etc41 because !y
 are ! same = ev]ybody2 b !y are only ! 
same = ev]ybody because !y are no?+ to  
anybody4 ,if ,i ask y  :at ,a means to y
 x is impossible = y to tell me1 s9ce x 
means  no m to y ?an to me4 ,a 9 itself 
is no?+1 y c nei!r  ?9k x nor feel x1 y 
c only /ate x1 & s x is1 z ,i h  said1 a
 fact4 ,!re are 9 all our lit]ature only
 tw5ty-six absolute  facts4 ,& !y are   
facts m]ely because !re is no life 9 !m4
    ,9 music !re are also facts1 s !re  
is a "p ( music :i* we c  say we "k4 ,! 
mod]n ,european kn[s a c]ta9 numb] (    
musical  s\nds :i* are ! facts ( music4 

,!y c be describ$ 9 v>i\s  ways1 b z    
,european musical facts !y are twelve   
semi-tones repeat$  9 s]ies betwe5 two  
arbitr>ily select$ po9ts :i* are !      
highe/  & ! l[e/ notes com=tably audible
 to ! human e>4 ,ea* (  ^! semi-tones is
 an arbitr>ily select$ note or vibration
 numb]  *os5 out ( all ! masses (       
vibrations :i* we call noises by  virtue
 ( an inn] unity1 a ma!matical symmetry 
:i* gives x =m  & makes x a musical     
s\nd4 ,b ev5 ?is ma!matical symmetry is 
a fiction1 a ?+ made by ! human m9d2 &  
^! s\nds1 l !  lett]s ( ! alphabet1 h no
 life or mean+ 9 !mselves4    ,b at ?is 
po9t a res]vation mu/ be made4 ,= mo/1  
possibly =  all1 ! lett]s ( ! alphabet h
 a v>i$ "*1 a "*  :i* d]ives 7a7 f _!   
diff]5t %apes1 7b7 f _!  diff]5t s\nds4 
,! effect ( _! %ape belongs to ! _w (   
graphic art1 ! effect ( _! s\nd belongs 
to ! _w ( music4  ,we may ?9k ( ^!      
impressions z ! residu>y fossils left by
  giantlike primitive emotions :i* h    
/alk$ ?r\gh ^? o!r  worlds4 ,a c]ta9    

arti/ic use c be made ( !m1 & inde$ we  
f9d  t e new wave ( arti/ic expression  
is prelud$ by a breakd[n  ( ! ab/ract   
comb9ations ( symbols 9 :i* ! symbols _h
 become  mo/ completely devitaliz$1 & a 
return to a s5se ( a mean+1 a  col\r1 a 
life 9 ! symbol itself4 ,?is results 9  
simplification1  :i* ultimately gives   
place to a new complication4 ,:at is    
call$  progress 9 art consi/s ma9ly (   
?is process4 ,:e!r !re is  ano!r k9d (  
progress und]ly+ ?is process mu/ be     
consid]$ 9  ano!r *apt]4    ,n[ t we h  
become cle> z to :at facts are we c     
p]ceive :at  k is4 ,b ,i mu/ prev5t !   
dang] ( a m]e logoma*y betwe5  read] &  
writ] by /at+ at once t ,i am giv+ "h   
def9itions  ( 8k0 & 8life0 to :i* we mu/
 bo? adh]e4 ,if any read]  likes to give
 ! "n ( 8true k0 to :at ,i call life &  
says  t :at ,i call k is n true k at    
all1 he is welcome  to d s4 ,b ,i am go+
 to use my own t]ms1 & ,i %all cont9ue  
to  use ! t]m 8life0 in/ead ( s idiotic 
a t]m z 8true k40    ,! k ( music1 !n1  

is ! k ( ! facts1 & !  facts are1 z we  
saw1 ! alphabet ( music1 ! twelve       
artificial  semi-tones ( ! temp]$ scale4
 ,if a musician kn[s ^! &  kn[s ^?      
comb9ations ( !m :i* are call$          
int]vals--z !  comb9ations ( lett]s are 
call$ words--he kn[s :at ! man kn[s  :o 
kn[s ! lett]s ( ! alphabet & has a      
vocabul>y ( words4  ,he may "k !m by    
sight1 by s\nd1 or by sight & s\nd4 ,if 
only  by sight he is 9 ! position ( a   
man :o c read & write b  n speak ! words
 ( a =eign language2 if only by s\nd he 
is 9  ! position ( a man :o c speak !   
words ( a =eign language  & und]/& !m :5
 spok5 b _c read or write !m4 ,!  read] 
c make ?is analogy m precise by         
subdivisions :i* ,i %all  n bo!r to make
 "h4 ,i w m]ely po9t out t ! ord9>y     
auditor1 ! music-lov] :o is no musician1
 kn[s ! facts by s\nd  only & may s "k  
!m ) great] or less precision & dep? (  
impression4 ,t he %\ld n "k !m by sight 
is immat]ial to 8  und]/&+ :at he he>s1 
al?\gh x prev5ts 8 communicat+  :at he  

he>s to anyone else4 ,he is !re=e       
te*nically equipp$ to  he> b n to       
compose music4    ,su* k may ext5d      
beyond ! k ( ! vocabul>y (  words or    
*ords to ^? m complicat$ comb9ations :i*
 h  also di$ & become facts--s5t5ces1   
idioms1 ideas2 or1 9 music1  sequ5ces1  
h>monies1 melodies4 ,all ?is k repres5ts
 s mu*  dead life :i* c be incorporat$  
into a page ( music z x c be            
incorporat$ into a page ( prose4 ,:5    
s5t5ces1 idioms & ideas  7or sequ5ces1  
h>monies & melodies7 h be5 us$ ov] & ov]
  aga9 s frequ5tly z to h become        
imm$iately recognizable !y  cease to h  
mean+2 because1 z ,i po9t$ out at !     
beg9n+ (  ?is *apt]1 hav+ be5 us$ s (t5 
9 s _m diff]5t contexts  !y h %rivell$  
to t residuum or ab/raction :i* fits !  
lot4 ,hav+ %$ all individuality !y %$   
all expression1 & :at  0 once life      
becomes k4 ,= example1 :at 0 a feel+ 9  
,wagn] becomes m]ely a major n9? 9      
,v9c5t d',indy4 ,:5 ! music  ( ,debussy 
0 fir/ he>d x 0 an emotional exp]i5ce4  

,pres5tly  ! intellect ab/ract$ an      
elem5t :i* x f\nd commonly 9 t          
exp]i5ce1 & t elem5t 0 ! :ole-tone      
scale4 ,!n ev]ybody  by us+ ! :ole-tone 
scale c\ld write music :i* sup]ficially 
s\nd$ l ,debussy's2 b su* music _h no   
mean+ or life1 x 0  dead music1 m]e k4  
,& ,debussy's music itself t5d$ to      
become  a p]ceptive & n an emotional    
exp]i5ce4 ,!re is a univ]sal  t5d5cy to 
?is intellectual =maliz+1 /]eotyp+      
process :i*  ,i h call$ k or dea?2 &    
contra/$ ) x ev]y:]e  is a complem5t>y  
process1 ! process ( creation or life4  
,b !  "o is necess>y to ! o!r & all     
exp]i5ce is ! "o becom+  ! o!r4 ,j z    
life uses dea?--z :5 we eat meat &      
trans=m  x into liv+ tissue--s art uses 
k4 ,music1 !re=e1 is  exp]i5ce becom+ k 
& k break+ up & becom+  exp]i5ce1 & its 
especial nature lies n 9 ! exp]i5ce b 9 
! m$ium4 ,music is ! exp]i5ce ( life &  
dea? 9 s\nd4    ,has s\nd 9 itself any  
mean+8 ,i mean by ?is is !re a quality1 
virtue1 life--call x :at y              

w--specifically 9 s\nds & !  comb9ation 
( s\nds :i* does n exi/ else:]e--9      
pa9t+1  9 sculpture1 9 ar*itecture1 9   
ma!matics8 ,i ?9k !re is2 b  to g fur!r 
into ?is w\ld be to transgress ! limits 
,i h set  = myself1 = "h we t\* on      
p]haps ! pr(\nde/ problem (  philosophy4
 ,i %all be cont5t to ?r[ a little light
 ^u x by  analogy4 ,exp]i5ce 9 s\nd has 
an individuality :i* sep>ates  x f      
exp]i5ce 9 ! o!r arts4 ,?is             
individuality 9 ! arts  is comp>able to 
individuality 9 animal & vegetable life 
7!  diff]5t & analysable virtues ( an   
elephant1 a butt]fly1 a lily  & a       
violet7 & to p]sonality 9 human life4 ,x
 is an implicit &  unexpla9$ factor 9   
all t ,i %all h to say2 b we h to       
rememb] t x is ! comb9+1 ! mak+ ( a     
h>mony ( ?is  "* or idiosyncrasy ) !    
compos]'s imag9ation ( love :i*  makes  
music4 ,x is !n t musical =m is creat$4 
,:at we call  musical g5ius is relat$ to
 ?is individuality 9 "s my/]i\s &  z yet
 unfa?omable way & x w\ld seem t !re are

 degrees (  musical g5ius4 ,b x is only 
:5 great musical g5ius is comb9$  )     
great human p]sonality t we get :at we  
may call ! great  arti/ z di/9ct f !    
m]ely great musician4                   
,,*apt] ,,iii                           
,,! ,,g5]al ,,idea ,,( ,,progress       
,x may be object$ t my p]suasion 9      
,*apt] ,i t music is !  imag9ation (    
love 9 s\nd & 9 ,*apt] ,,ii t music is  
also  ! exp]i5ce ( life-&-dea? 9 s\nd   
are two conclusions n  only extraord9>y 
9 !mselves b diff]5t4 ,x w be se5 t  !y 
are n irreconcilable4 ,my conception ( !
 nature ( music  mu/1 if true1 be su* z 
to include all music1 ! music (         
,sullivan1  ,pucc9i1 ,elg> & !          
,jazz-,k+s z well z ! music ( ,ba*1     
,moz>t1  ,bee?ov51 & ,wagn]2 ! songs ( !
 folk1 old & new1 peasant &  urban1 z   
well z ! songs ( ,s*ub]t & ,hugo ,wolf4 
,!re is no  difficulty 9 ?is4    ,we h  
se5 t ! developm5t ( music is analog\s  
to !  developm5t ( language4 ,t ?is mu/ 
be s is obvi\s :5 we  und]/& t bo? music

 & language are m5tal /ructures         
contempor>y ) ! human m9d1 reflect+ its 
developm5t &  hav+ _! orig9 9 ! s5ses ( 
sight & he>+4 ,no arts h  be5 f\nd$ on !
 s5se ( t\* 9 its =ms ( ta/e & smell4   
,! reason = ?is gives u a clue to ! "* (
 progress 9  g5]al4 ,! s5ses ( smell &  
ta/e are too intimate1 too physically   
diffus$1 too direct or primitive 9      
effect to be controll$ by !  m9d4 ,we   
may say t ! body n[ %ort-circuits 9 ^!  
s5sations  & t ! m9d is cut out4 ,b :51 
9 ! pa/1 ! s5se (  t\* develop$ into ! m
 complicat$ organs ( ! eye & !  e>#a :i*
 made t\* at a di/ance possible1 !n :at 
! m9d  s5s$ 0 m highly organiz$ & less  
direct & amorph\s4 ,smells  & ta/es may 
be comp>$ ) noises be=e ! m9d has       
organiz$  !m into musical s\nds1 or )   
s5sations :i* h n yet pass$  ?r\gh !    
imag9ation & become organiz$ into       
emotions & ideas4    ,x w\ld seem t !   
hi/ory ( man is ! hi/ory ( ?is process (
  organization & t ! organizations diff]
 m f "o ano!r  ?an d ! s5ses f :i* !y   

grew4 ,a ,*9aman1 = in/ance1 is  mu* m l
 an ,engli%man 9 8 body ?an 9 8         
language2 he c  h a *ild by an          
,engli%woman ) :om he is unable to      
speak4#b    ,:at we ?9k is und]/&+      
,*9ese music :5 we he> x is  m]ely      
recognition ( t organization (          
vibration1 :i* we call  musical s\nds1  
an organization common to ! human e> 9  
all mank9d4  ,! major "p ( popul> music 
consi/s ( /r++ ^! s\nds  toge!r = ! m]e 
pleasure ( recogniz+ !m--pleasure 9 _!  
organization z contra/$ ) ! unorganiz$  
mass ( m]e noise  out ( :i* !y h be5    
select$2 also its use ( !m 9 simple     
comb9ations express+ simple             
emotions--s5sations ( rudim5t>y         
organization--:i* aga9 are common to all
 mank9d4 ,x is because  language is n an
 organization ( ! m]ely visual or       
auditory  s5sations made by ! physical  
eye & e> ) :i* almo/  ev]ybody is born  
7!re are col\r-bl9d & tone-deaf p7 b  a 
po/-natal acquir$ & complicat$ m5tal    
con/ruction t x is  totally             

un9telligible until le>nt4 ,s ,*9ese    
music does n mean !  same to u z to a   
,*9aman1 nor does ,european music mean !
 same to  him z to a ,european1 because 
x is n m]ely a con/ruction ( !  e>1 b is
 also 9 "s al?\gh 9 v>y+ degree a       
con/ruction (  ! m9d4 ,j z x took a     
multitude ( lives & dea?s to evolve !   
human eye & e>--organs ) :i* all m5 are 
n[ born--s x has  tak5 _m g5]ations ( t 
m5tal developm5t we call culture &      
tradition to create a language t 0 m ?an
 onomatopoeia1 & a  music t 0 m ?an     
recognizable &1 !re=e1 agreeable s\nds4 
,!re is1 & ,i ma9ta9 !re c be no        
absolute1 univ]sal1 pure art  imm$iately
 intelligible to all m54 ,x 0 ! false   
idea t music  0 purely s5sual :i* l$    
,pat] to ?9k t music 0 su* an art  & t  
all o!r arts %\ld atta9 its p]fection4  
,! developm5t  ( e art is a developm5t  
f>!r & f>!r away f ! m]e  s5sations ^u  
:i* x is f\nd$1 & ^! developm5ts make a 
web  ( exp]i5ce :i* is con/antly be+    
rewov5 & r5ew$ 7probably  )\t a s+le /r&

 ev] be+ lo/ or de/roy$7 &1 )\t  ?is1   
music w\ld dissolve into mean+less      
s\nds4 ,we look ^u !  eye & ! e> z      
beautiful complex creations ( life4 ,we 
?9k (  !m z physical entities because _!
 creation is s f> back 9  life t x      
belongs to ! sub-human or animal epo*1 &
 s !y  h become physical ?+s1 if n      
mat]ial objects4 ,b ?is p[]  ( becom+   
physical 7life tak+ on fle%1 ! _s a*iev+
  =m7 or mat]ial 7electricity becom+    
molecules ( hydrog51 lead1  etc47 is !  
process :i* ,i h describ$ z dea?2 & z t 
necess>y & important dea?1 dea? !       
complem5t ( life4 ,b1 z ,i  h already   
%[n1 a ?ird k9d ( dea?1 o!r ?an !       
mat]ial &  ! physical1 is t (           
intellectual /ructure--kn[n v>i\sly z   
tradition1 belief1 dogma1 logic1        
te*nique or1 mo/ compreh5sively1  z k4  
,j z a multitude ( dea?s 7 necess>y to !
  evolution ( ! eye & ! e> s a multitude
 ( dea?s 7an  ,encyclopdia is a m5tal   
cemet]y7 are necess>y to ! evolution (  
! m9d4 ,! pa/ exp]i5ce ( music :i* e    

tra9$ musician  possesses is su* k4 ,if 
he m]ely repeats x1 copies out (  ! pa/ 
/or$ 9 8 m9d1 9 ! m9d ( 8 g5]ation1 9 ! 
culture he & 8 g5]ation h inh]it$1 he is
 a m]e academic  musician & n a creative
 arti/4 ,b !re are degrees 9 ?is z  9   
ev]y?+ else4 ,x is n ! possession ( !   
tradition :i*  makes a musician academic
 & lifeless1 x is ! failure to use !    
traditions to express himself2 & ?is is 
a failure 9 musical life4  ,a musical   
m9d :i* is a m]e body ( musical         
tradition is l a  deta*$ e> or a pluck$ 
out eye--an e> :i* does n he> or an  eye
 :i* does n see4 ,! life ( he>+ is n 9 !
 organ1 n  9 :at has be5 he>d--( :i* x  
is ! physical repres5tation1  !         
dea?-%ape--x is 9 creation1 ! he>+ ( a  
new ?+4 ,&  creation is t movem5t f life
 to dea?1 f s\l to sub/ance1  f ! _s to 
! =m :i* is ! imag9+ =? ( love1 =  love 
alone is a creative motive4    ,& ! =ms 
( love v>y f ! fl[]+ & se$+ ( plants  to
 ! music ( ,bee?ov54 ,x is n a progress 
f bad to good1 x  is n a retrogression f

 good to bad4 ,x is r a process :i*     
fills ! ,univ]se ) dea?--dea? 9 myriads 
( lovely =ms1 f  ! =m ( ! wood-violet to
 ! =m ( ! symphony4 ,& ?is  process is  
life4 ,& life increas+ ! v>ieties ( dea?
 is !  g5]al pr9ciple ( progress4 ,:at  
is ! purpose ( ?is process8  ,we d n "k4
 ,b we c say t its purpose is delight4  
,ec/asy  clo?+ ,himself 9 a ?\s& ,=ms4  
,! ,univ]se delight+ 9  itself pres]ves 
itself 9 dea?1 = 9 dea? ! imag9ation ( !
  _s is made immortal4      ,,footnotes3
    #a ,h[ 0 ?is a*iev$8 ,no biologi/ c 
tell u1 b we %all n  g f> wrong 9 see+  
"h aga9 ! creat$ organs ( ,desire4    #b
 ,"h we c f9d a conclusive argum5t 9    
pro( ( ! sup]iority  ( s5tim5t to s5se 9
 sexual exp]i5ce4 ,s5tim5t is non-exi/5t
  among animals & x is v fa9t 9 ! l[]   
human types b 9 !  highe/ ,european     
types x n[ almo/ completely controls !  
sexual  s5se4                           
,,*apt] ,,iv                         ,,!
 ,,idea ,,( ,,progress ,,9 ,,music      
,9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w z we "k x we discov] 

t n all  =ms ( dea? are immortal4 ,!re  
are animals :i* are ext9ct1  !re are    
plants :i* h disappe>$1 !re are fl[]s   
:i* bloom  no m4 ,9 va9 has life fix$ _!
 images 9 t immortality (  automatic    
repetition :i* we call dea?4 ,ev5 dea?1 
we seem to f9d1  is occasionally an     
illusion & its sleep is n m et]nal ?an a
  man's dream4 ,x is probable t all ?+s 
z ?+s are p]i%able2  & we h no reason to
 believe t ev5 ! music ( ,bee?ov5 w  la/
 = ev]1 or ev5 = z long z man la/s4 ,b  
!re is !  problem :y "s ?+s la/ long]   
?an o!rs1 & ?is p]haps  raises ! "q (   
value1 ( goodness4 ,"h is a new elem5t 9
  ! idea ( progress4 ,is x possible to  
discov] any pr9ciple 9  ! hi/ory ( music
 :i* expla9s :y1 already1 ,ba* has      
outla/$  ,frohb]g]8    ,if we say t     
,frohb]g] is sup]flu\s because ,ba* is !
 same z  ,frohb]g]1 only bett]1 we are  
say+ some?+ v difficult to  und]/&1 = h[
 w\ld x be possible to prove t two ?+s c
  be ! same & yet diff]5t1 "o ( !m be+  
bett]--except by  mak+ goodness dep5d on

 quantity8 ,b1 obvi\sly1 to ?9k t ,ba*  
is ?ree ,frohb]g]s is n ! same z ?9k+ he
 is ?ree times z  good z ,frohb]g]4 ,z !
 ord9>y man speaks ?is is n at all :at  
he means4 ,we def9itely d ?9k ,ba* is   
bett] ?an ,frohb]g]1 n  t he is         
,frohb]g] plus a ,frohb]g] fraction4 ,i 
submit t we  ?9k s because we f9d all   
,frohb]g] 9 ,ba* plus some?+ m  :i* is n
 ,frohb]g]4 ,b ?is has a trem5d\s       
consequ5ce =1  if true1 x means t       
,frohb]g] is n unique4 ,he is includ$ 9 
,ba*4 ,& may we n ?9k t ! music :i*     
vani%es f human  consci\sness is ! music
 :i* is n unique & t s long z  a compos]
 is unique 8 music w be he>d8 ,i believe
 s4 ,x is  reasonable to ?9k t e act1   
ev]y?+ creat$ has value4 ,our  m9ds _c  
imag9e a ,univ]se 9 :i* t w\ld n be     
true2 b we  c imag9e complex            
organizations incorporat+ simpl]        
organizations1  :i* !n cease to h a     
sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,!re=e x is possible  t
 no?+ goes out ( ! ,univ]se1 & ! idea t 
a ?+ may  be lo/ seems illusion4 ,our   

m9ds f9d x difficult to imag9e an  exit 
f ! ,univ]se4 ,:]e8 ,b ! incorporation (
 ! less]  )9 ! great] rema9s1 z /at$1 a 
me*anical idea4 ,we c f9d  no           
satisfaction 9 a m]e increas+ complexity
 ( /ructure4 8,if  t is all t makes ,ba*
 bett] ?an ,frohb]g]0--we c imag9e      
someone say+--8,i nev] want to li/5 to  
music aga940 ,! process1  we feel1 mu/ h
 a purpose or a mean+4 ,well1 we h      
=gott5  "o vital elem5t4 ,delight4 ,!   
,univ]se is ! imag9ation ( its  delight4
 ,if ! purpose ( ! ,univ]se 7 m]ely to  
atta9 to an  ev] high] degree (         
complexity = its own sake x w\ld n be   
litt]$ ) ^! innum]able %apes ( dea?--!  
violet1 ! lily1  ! rose1 ! c$>1 ! oak1 !
 p9e1 ! butt]fly1 ! tig]1 !  elephant1 &
 all o!r lovely & curi\s /ructures4 ,ev5
 man has  n supplant$ ! ape1 nor has !  
fugue ( ,ba* annihilat$ !  song ( !     
%eph]d boy4 ,we may ?9k all ^! ?+s are  
unique  & t is :y !y /ill p]si/4 ,b :at 
ab\t ,frohb]g]1 0 he  n unique8 ,:y has 
,frohb]g] vani%$8 ,= if ,frohb]g] 0 n   

unique h[ did he come to appe>8 ,n to be
 unique is n to exi/4  ,yes1 b 8        
uniqu5ess may n h be5 9 8 music4 ,"h at 
la/  we h x4 ,& 8 music does n exi/ s9ce
 !re is no music  :i* c be said to be 84
 ,?is is a diff]5t k9d ( non-exi/5ce  to
 t ( ! ,d9osaur1 ! ,dodo1 ! ,great ,auk4
 ,al?\gh _!  dea?-%apes no long] repeat 
!mselves ^u ! e>? !y h n  completely    
vani%$4 ,_! images live 9 ! imag9ation (
 man1  vivid1 individual1 unique4 ,we h 
no su* image ( ,frohb]g]'s music4  ,x is
 a %rivell$1 mean+less gho/1 a lett] 9 !
 alphabet (  music1 :i* has 9 itself no 
life4 ,frohb]g]'s music is n l  ! ,great
 ,auk1 an isolat$ dea?-%ape ( ! physical
 _w1 nor  l ! ,c5taur1 an isolat$       
dea?-%ape ( ! intellectual _w1  its     
position 9 music is t ( "o ( ^?         
int]m$iates :i*1  l ! 8miss+ l9k10 c    
nev] be f\nd because ! m9d works  p]    
saltum4 ,frohb]g] & ! 8miss+ l9k0 are = 
ev] lo/  9 ! gaps4 ,all t is )\t        
residu>y value1 all t has be5           
completely incorporat$ 9 a new /ructure 

disappe>s ?us because x  slips ?r\gh !  
me% ( ! m9d--n because ! m9d is n f9e   
en\gh to reta9 ! mo/ m9ute diff]5ces1 b 
because x *ooses  n to p]ceive4 ,?is    
reconciles ! pre-,ba* exi/5ce (         
,frohb]g]'s  music ) its pres5t         
non-exi/5ce & deliv]s u f ! app>5t      
contradiction2 = x all[s u to make :at  
is1 philosophically1 a  necess>y        
assumption1 namely1 t no two ?+s are ev]
 exactly !  same1 & consequ5tly t ,ba*'s
 music does n conta9 ,frohb]g]'s  music 
absolutely4 ,!re=e ! equation is n3     
,ba*  ,b7a*7  ,f7rohb]g]7    b     ,ba* 
,b  7,f-,x7    ,x be+ t unkn[n quantity 
:i* is ,frohb]g]'s uniqu5ess &  :i* we  
to-day _c p]ceive4    ,b al?\gh art fe$s
 on k z life fe$s on dea? at ! same  "t 
creat+ m k1 z life creates m            
dea?--,ec/asy  clo?+ ,himself 9         
,=ms--yet !re rema9s mu* t is my/]i\s4  
,:y !re are diff]5t =ms ( art is a "q   
:i* insi/5tly  recurs4 ,a comp>ison (   
music ) ! o!r arts 9 ord] to discov]  a 
value specific & exclusive to music is n

 likely to enlight5 u4  ,pa9t]s talk (  
8pictorial con/ruction0 z ! specifically
 pa9t]'s  elem5t :i* 9 all good graphic 
art is w$d$ to ! illu/ration1           
psy*ology1 repres5tation or :atev] o!r  
cont5t a picture may  yield1 be x anci5t
 or mod]n4 ,!y po9t out t ! spectator is
  n emotionally mov$ by ! repres5tation 
( te>s b by ! rhy?m  ( l9es & !         
recession ( planes4 ,! good writ] kn[s t
 a  description ( a sad ev5t is n 9     
itself sadd5+1 x may ev5  be comic2 b   
unlike ! pa9t] he has no te*nical t]m = 
?is  ess5tial quality )\t :i* lit]ature 
is m]e v]biage--unless1  inde$1 we apply
 ! ^w 8poetic0 to ?is quality1 z we h e 
"r to d4 ,pa9t+ :i* is )\t ?is vital    
elem5t--call x  8pictorial              
repres5tation10 8significant =m10 or :at
 y w--is  n art b k or sci5ce4#c        
,lit]ature :i* is )\t  ?is 8poetic0     
quality is1 aga91 m]e k1 m]e fiction4   
,we  h no ne$ to seek = examples4 ,a    
doz5 fam\s names leap to our  m9ds4 ,r h
 we to seek = t lit]ature :i* is poetic4

  ,simil>ly 9 music !re is a specific1  
purely musical quality )\t  :i* music   
also is m]e sci5ce4 ,?is quality ,i w   
call melodic  imag9ation4    ,& "h an   
int]e/+ fact em]ges4 ,9 all ?ree arts ! 
valuable  elem5t1 ! elem5t ( life is    
l9k$ ) ! imag9ation4 ,9  pa9t+ pictorial
 imag9ation1 9 lit]ature v]bal          
imag9ation1  9 music melodic            
imag9ation--imag9ation always is !      
magical  ess5ce1 ! p[] ref]r$ to 9 !    
l9es3    8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w & ! ,^w 0 
) ,god & ! ,^w  0 ,god40    ,& we may be
 sure t !re c be no art unless ! ^w is  
made  fle%--9 ! =ms ( pa9t+1 lit]ature1 
or music--& dwells among  u4 ,b :5 we   
ask ourselves :y x %\ld take ! =m (     
pa9t+  or ( words1 or ( music1 x is     
impossible to give an answ]4 ,we c  only
 e*o3 ,:y ! lily1 ! rose1 ! violet8 ,:y 
! tig]1 !  elephant1 ! antelope8 ,:y !  
,moon1 ,v5us1 & ! ,/>s8 ,ec/asy  clo?+  
,himself 9 ,=ms4    ,& /ill we h fail$  
to discov] 9 music any pr9ciple (       
progress  o!r ?an increas+ complexity ( 

organization & a multiplication  (      
lovely dea?s4 ,a pr9ciple :i* does n z  
yet satisfy our  in/9cts s9ce x seems   
quantitative r ?an qualitative4 ,b      
p]haps we are on ! v]ge ( a discov]y4   
,,footnotes3    #c ,su* accord+ to em95t
 critics is ! "w ( ! pa9t]  ,s>g5t &1 = 
my "p1 ,i h no difficulty 9 see+ t :at  
!y  say is j4                           
,,*apt] ,v                              
,,absolute ,,value      ,x may appe>    
fanta/ic to ass]t t art is ! only sph]e 
:]e  absolute values appe>1 & t !       
function ( art 9 ! ,univ]se  is to      
create absolute values1 b x may be true4
 ,x is impossible  to avoid ! insi/5t   
dem& ( ! human in/9ct = absolute        
values4 ,?is exi/s1 an insatiable crav+ 
:i* w n re/ cont5t  ) ! good b dem&s !  
bett]4 ,& yet x is impossible to        
discov] values t are absolute 9         
!mselves4 ,! v notion is  a mean+less   
ab/raction4 ,i d n ev5 believe we c     
prove t  ,bee?ov5's music is bett] music
 ?an ,moz>t's or t ,%akespe>e's  poetry 

is bett] ?an ,milton's1 or vice v]sa1   
unless we fir/ (  all limit ! idea (    
music or poetry to some?+ intellectually
  measurable4 ,= example x w\ld be      
difficult to conv9ce all  music-lov]s t 
,ba*'s c\nt]po9t 0 bett] ?an ,bee?ov5's1
 or  t ,pale/r9a's 0 bett] ?an ,ba*'s2 =
 :at is to det]m9e  8good0 c\nt]po9t8 ,v
 few musicians w\ld accept any          
individual  !ori/'s rules--all rules be+
 m]e ab/ractions or g5]alizations  f    
practice1 & v>y+ accord+ to _! hi/oric  
date1 s t  ev5 ! academic !ory ( "o age 
diff]s f t ( ano!r4 ,ev5  9 judg+ a     
fugue1 "o has ultimately to fall back ^u
 expression1  significance1 or mean+1 & 
:o is to say--& on :at univ]sally       
acceptable pr9ciple is x to be said--t  
,ba*'s 8,/4 ,anne0 fugue is  bett] ?an  
,bee?ov5's 8,grosse ,fuge10 ,op4 #acc8  
,!re is exactly ! same difficulty 9     
poetry4 ,9 an excell5t &  well-kn[n book
 on ! ,engli% ,sonnet a def9ition is    
giv5 ( p]fect  sonnet =m :i* is         
intellectually satisfactory4 ,b we f9d t

 mo/  ( ! greate/ ,engli% sonnets are n 
writt5 9 ?is =m1 :ile  ?\s&s ( m$iocre  
sonnets obs]ve x correctly4 ,! same is  
true (  ,ba*'s ,fugues4 ,y _c value !m  
accord+ to _! correctness4#d  ,:at !n   
becomes ( our 8p]fect0 sonnet & our     
8p]fect0 fugue8  ,ea* is app>5tly an    
unreal ab/raction--l all o!r attempts at
  creat+ absolute value4 ,b are ^!      
8absolute0 ideas necess>ily  valueless 9
 !mselves8 ,i d n ?9k s1 = !y correspond
 to &  are ! =malization or dea?-%apes (
 desires in]adicably root$  9 ! human   
s\l1 ^? desires :i* create all values1 &
 t  pr(\nd] urge :i* is satisfi$ ) none4
    ,:at is important to recognize is ! 
div]sity ( ^! desires &  to und]/& t x  
is ! div]sity 79 itself pr(\ndly desir$7
  :i* nullifies /&>ds4 ,we c say t ?is  
fugue is m p]fect  ?an t fugue--hav+    
made an ab/ract & def9able conception  (
 ! fugue =m & sep>at$ x f all life4     
,criticism is an  application ( su*     
ab/ract conceptions--d]iv$ by analysis f
 !  practice ( arti/s--f all pa/ works (

 art to "o pres5t "w (  art &1 aga91    
backw>ds1 f all exi/5t works ( art to "o
 pa/  "w ( art4 ,! =m] is hi/orical     
criticism 7:5 a compos] is  judg$ only  
on :at prec$$ him7 & ! latt] is1 or %\ld
 be1 !  absolute /hetic criticism4 ,b   
:at prev5ts its be+ s is t x  leaves out
 ! future4 ,! "w ( art is judg$ by !    
pres5t &  ! pa/ b ! future is unkn[n & !
 judgm5t is !reby vitiat$  & is n & _c  
be an absolute judgm5t4 ,b ?is does n   
mean  t ! future does n exi/ n[1        
some:]e4 ,to demon/rate ?is1  h[ev]1    
w\ld take me on too f>-/ret*+ a p>abola4
 ,i w\ld m]ely  draw att5tion to ?is    
res]vation1 & say t its relevance w     
appe> lat]4    ,my belief is t :5 ,i    
say1 z ,i d emphatically say1 t ,bee?ov5
  is a great] compos] ?an ,ba* & f9d my 
ass]tion difficult  or impossible to    
prove ,i am judg+ by an in/9ctive b n   
yet  intellectually =maliz$ s5se (      
value1 or values1 :i* w only  em]ge 9 ! 
future to take a place among all ! o!r  
pr9ciples  & /&>ds--! totality ( life 9 

its sum ( dea?-%apes  s f> creat$4 ,s we
 see !re c be no su* ?+ z a p]fect      
fugue-9-itself b only ! idea ( "o4 ,!   
actual fugue mu/  h a mean+1 x mu/ be an
 expression ( life2 a fugue-9-itself    
)\t relation to life1 p]fect &          
completely1 is an impossibility4        
,nev]!less a musician l ,ba* f9ds 9     
himself ! fugue-idea z  well z !        
fugue-emotion1 ! fugue-=m z well z !    
fugue-cont5t1  & !re is a con/ant       
/ruggle betwe5 !m to co9cide exactly &  
to mat]ialize 9 "o indivisible unity4   
,sometimes ! fugue idea  prevails &     
sometimes ! fugue-emotion prevails1 & ! 
result  always is an imp]fect fugue4 ,b 
?is imp]fection 9 all its v>y+  degrees 
is ! musical reality4 ,absolute         
p]fection1 absolute unity is            
annihilation1 ! end ( all ?+s & !       
atta9m5t ( ,nirvana4 ,b  ev5 !          
fugue-idea is n a con/ant un*angeable   
ab/raction or fix$  %ape4 ,x is modifi$ 
by ! actual fugues :i* are creat$1 = x  
is an ab/raction1 a g5]al pr9ciple f    

examples1 an induction  f p>ticul>s2 & z
 fre% p>ticul>s arise1 ! induction mu/  
be modifi$4 ,aga91 ,i spoke ( ! cont5t  
or fugue-emotion1 b ?is  fugue-emotion  
is n--except p]haps 9 ! simple/ & mo/   
feeble  examples--s+le b1 on ! contr>y1 
multiple4 ,:o is to appraise  or range 9
 ord] ( value ^! emotions8 ,h[ is x to  
be done8 ,!  belief t any s+le judgm5t  
may d x--! m9d ( any "o critic1  exp]t  
or practition]--is prepo/]\s4 ,b ?is    
does n susp5d  individual judgm5t or    
make x va91 s9ce x is ?r\gh ! conflict  
or discord ( all g5u9e individual       
judgm5ts t new conceptions  or attempts 
at concord em]ge4 ,?is conflict arises f
 unsatisfi$  desire &1 9 ! end1 we ?9k  
,bee?ov5 bett] ?an ,ba* only  because   
,bee?ov5 m pr(\ndly satisfies our desire
 or satisfies  a deep] desire ?an any   
satisfi$ by ,ba*4 ,j z new conceptions  
em]ge or are induc$ f discordant or     
unrelat$ conceptions s  new emotions &  
new desires are induc$ f ! discordance  
or  conflict ( our desires4 ,?is process

 ( organization w\ld seem  inf9ite--a   
conception :i* ,i1 p]sonally1 f9d       
intol]able &  incompreh5sible--7 x n = a
 /range ph5om5on1 & ?is  ph5om5on is t  
ultimately at ! core ( all m5 !re seems 
to be  ! same desire4    ,! _w is n     
really divid$ z to :o are its greate/   
pa9t]s1  sculptors1 sci5ti/s1           
ma!maticians1 musicians & poets4 ,we may
 n  be able to prove to our own logical 
satisfaction t ,bee?ov5 is  great] ?an  
,ba*1 t ,ba* is great] ?an ,haydn1 t    
,pale/r9a  is great] ?an ,v]di1 b we are
 all /rangely c]ta9 t x is s4  ,:at are 
we to make ( ?is8 ,evid5tly !re is a    
unity some:]e 9  our div]sity1 & x is m 
?an a l[e/ common factor--a f>-away  dim
 primitive elem5t1 nev] q lo/ sight ( b 
gr[+ ev]  fa9t]1 l9k+ all m5 & all art4 
,x is n t t\* ( nature  mak+ ! :ole _w  
k91 = t--al?\gh x might enable u to  h  
"s sympa?y ) all ?+s--w\ld n enable u to
 range !m  9 value4 ,su* a m9ute dose ( 
common k9%ip c\ld n s vitally  relate u4
 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 by our v ess5ce1  

by ! mo/  spiritual & int5se ( our      
desires t we are unit$4 ,we are n       
unanim\s ab\t ,scriab91 ,pucc9i1        
,t*aikovsky1 ,liszt1 ,rimsky-,korsakov1 
,s*umann1 ,*op91 ,m5delssohn & ,dvorak1 
j z we are n unanim\s  ab\t ,aubrey     
,be>dsley1 ,s>g5t1 ,el ,greco1 or ab\t  
,byron1 ,t5nyson1  & ,conrad4           
,app>5tly ea* ( u c>ries )9 him a       
fundam5tal note :i*  picks out all !    
notes /ruck ^u u by nature & mank9d &   
ranges !m 9 a s]ies4 ,& x is ?is :i*    
gives to ea* "o 8  values4 ,! fundam5tal
 note :i* any individual c>ries may n be
  ! fundam5tal note ( mank9d1 or ( !    
,univ]se1 b x mu/ h  a m or less simple 
relation%ip ) !m4 ,?us ! values ( "o    
individual are true = all o!rs1 )9 _!   
limits4 ,!y are real  values ?\gh n     
necess>ily ultimate values2 !y c & w be 
relat$ to all o!r values b c only be s  
relat$ ?r\gh a m  fundam5tal note--h5ce 
! importance ( su* a note4 ,x is my     
belief  t ! pr(\nde/1 mo/ fundam5tal    
note 9 music1 s f>1 has  be5 /ruck by   

,bee?ov54 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! music ( any  
o!r  compos] :i* 8 does n compreh5d4 ,b 
81 on ! o!r h&1 has  a new f\ndation to 
:i* no o!r music rea*es4    ,illu/ration
    ,b ?is analogy ( ! fundam5tal note  
mu/ be und]/ood m]ely z  an analogy1    
sugge/ive r ?an explanatory4 ,( all !   
simpl]  musical int]vals ,i f9d t ( !   
sev5te5? ! mo/ satisfy+  to my e>4 ,i   
may wond] :at is ! secret ( ! purity (  
its  concord--s mu* great] ?an t ( !    
p]fect fif? or ! p]fect  f\r?1 :i* at   
fir/ sight seem to be m intimate        
relation%ips4  ,!n ,i discov] t ! ratio 
( ! vibrations ( ! two notes  ( !       
sev5te5? is #a3e1 :]eas t ( ! p]fect    
fif? is #b3c1  ( ! p]fect f\r? #c3d4    
,/at$ ?us ?is may n mean mu* to !       
non-ma!matically m9d$ read] b x d5otes t
 ! sev5te5?  is a p]fect & n a syncopat$
 int]val4 ,t is to say !re is no        
syncopation ( ! vibrations ( ! two      
notes1 b !y beat toge!r  9 a clos] m    
unit$ rhy?m ?an t ( a p]fect fif? or    
p]fect  f\r?4    ,b ! twelf?            

,illu/ration    7,i use ! t5or or ,c    
clef p>tly because x is m obscure & w   
annoy ^? :o are only accu/om$ to !      
treble & bass clefs7  has a ratio ( #a3c
 :i* also is n a syncopat$ int]val b has
  ! same k9d ( p]fection z t ( ! octave 
7#a3b7 & !  sev5te5? 7#a3e74 ,yet !     
twelf? is n s pleas+ an int]val z  !    
sev5te5?1 & ! octave is inf]ior to !m   
bo?4 ,nev]!less  ! twelf? & octave are  
ma!matically clos] relation%ips ?an !   
sev5te5?4 ,evid5tly !re is ano!r        
pr9ciple to be discov]$1 &  ,i w call x 
! pr9ciple ( aff9ity 9 unlik5ess &      
illu/rate  x by an analogy :i* may seem 
f>-fet*$ b :i* ,i believe to be         
illum9at+ & significant4    ,let u      
imag9e t ! unison or note ,a repres5ts  
oneself2 t  ! relation%ip ( ! octave    
7#a3b7 repres5ts t ( fa!r &  daught]2 ! 
relation%ip ( ! p]fect fif? 7#b3c7 t (  
bro!r  & si/]2 ! relation%ip ( ! p]fect 
f\r? 7#c3d7 t ( two  bro!rs2 !          
relation%ip ( ! twelf? 7#a3c7 t ( male &
  female c\s9s--9 :i* a new elem5t t (  

sexual aff9ity1 is  introduc$1 br++ ) x 
a deep] rev]b]ation al?\gh ! blood      
relation%ip is m di/ant4 ,&1 f9ally1 !  
relation%ip ( !  sev5te5?1 t ( unrelat$ 
lov]s :i*--al?\gh ! mo/ di/ant  ( all 9 
blood--/rikes a /ill pr(\nd] sympa?y &  
beauty4 ,x is  n[ possible to und]/& m  
cle>ly :y my analogy ( ! relation  (    
,bee?ov5 to ! re/ ( music z t ( a m     
fundam5tal note is  n to be tak5 9 its  
lit]al mean+4 ,) ,bee?ov51 a new elem5t 
came into music1 an elem5t ( su*        
sublimity & beauty t its  adv5t into !  
_w ( imag9ation is comp>able 9          
importance )  t ( sex 9 ! physical _w4  
,sex z we "k x did n always exi/2 x does
 n exi/ 9 !  inorganic _w1 h>dly 9 !    
vegetable _w1 b dimly 9 ! animal  _w4 ,x
 is a human discov]y1 & ^u t new m      
fundam5tal  note 7fundam5tal n 9 !      
v]tical s5se b 9 a focal s5se7  rises ! 
:ole weal? ( man's intellectual &       
physical h>mony4  ,b ev5 9 sex we h n   
t\*$ an absolute4 ,! presage ( a  /ill  
pr(\nd] intimacy trembles fitfully "h & 

!re 9 music  ?r\gh\t ! hi/orical        
,european p]iod4 ,9 ! music ( ,pale/r9a1
  ( ,byrd1 ( all ! r>] spirits up to    
,ba*1 ,moz>t & ,wagn] !re  are fitful   
gleams ( a m c5tral desire until1       
f9ally1 a love t  plumbs deep] ?an ev5 !
 love ( sex r+s =? unmi/akeably 9  !    
music ( ,bee?ov5 & imm$iately creates = 
u a new hi]>*y  ( values4 ,& s "h we f9d
 = ! "t be+ an ,absolute4 ,!  _w ( art1 
we f9d1 resembles bo? ! _w ( ! atom & ! 
_w ( sol> space4 ,!re are great] & less]
 planets & great]  & less] satellites4  
,we c imag9e t if !re 7 inhabitants  ^u 
! ,moon !y might ?9k ! ,e>? 0 ! prim>y  
fact (  _! be+1 s9ce x 0 ! focal po9t ( 
_! orbit1 :]eas  ! ,sun w\ld seem s     
ecc5trically plac$ z to be an irregul> &
  incompreh5sible s+ul>ity2 until by a  
process ( m pr(\nd  imag9+ !y conceiv$ !
 m fundam5tal ?\gh m di/ant  relation%ip
 9 :i* x /ood to !m4    ,j z ! ,sun is !
 c5tre ( ! only sy/em ( ! physical      
univ]se s f> =mulat$--= no c5tre has be5
 f\nd to !  innum]able suns ( ! /ell>   

univ]se--s ,bee?ov5 is our tempor>y     
,absolute 9 ! _w ( music4 ,& j z ! ,sun 
is ! s\rce (  all vegetable & animal    
life ^u ! e>?1 s ,i believe t 9 art  we 
f9d ! vital _s :i* animates our human   
life4 ,?us x w\ld  seem to be true--z ,i
 sugge/$ we might discov]--t ! function 
(  art 9 ! _w is to create absolute     
values 9 ! imag9ation ^u  :i* ! human   
species c cont9ually re-create its      
intellectual1  moral1 & physical        
/ructures4 ,& if ?is is s x means t 9 ! 
values ( art we approa* mo/ ne>ly to    
,tru?4      ,,footnotes3    #d ,see ,mr4
 ,h>vey ,grace's excell5t book on !     
organ works ( ,j4 ,s4  ,ba*4            
,,*apt] ,,vi                            
,,emotional ,,significance      ,a      
te*nical analysis ( ! art ( music z     
practis$ 9 ,europe dur+  ! pa/ few      
hundr$ ye>s w\ld be int]e/+1 b x lies   
outside  ! scope ( ?is book4 ,:at is    
relevant is to consid] ! emotional  &   
intellectual significance ( ! music     
compos$ dur+ t  p]iod4 ,folksong1 f :i* 

mo/ great compos]s h consci\sly  or     
unconsci\sly drawn1 is ! emotional      
sub/ratum ( all ,european  music4 ,at   
its be/ x is simple1 s5su\s &           
passionate--! he>t-cry  ( m5 ^: desires 
are fru/rat$ by ! accid5ts ( life1 ^:   
joys are too %ort1 or ^: griefs are too 
endur+4 ,:]e x *iefly  diff]s f simil>1 
lat]1 m sophi/icat$ music is 9 !  simple
 int5sity ( ! emotion4 ,9 a society m   
subject to extreme  vicissitudes ( =tune
 ?an lat] & m /able social /ates x  0   
easi]1 & natural1 to believe t m]e      
irresponsible 8accid5t0  or mis*ance    
sep>at$ m5 f happ9ess4#e ,9 a beautiful 
old  ,neapolitan song collect$ by       
,madame ,g5i ,sad]o ! s+] bewails  !    
loss ( 8 love c>ri$ (f by ,moori%       
pirates 9 a raid on !  ,italian coa/4   
,su* a song has an extraord9>y pla/icity
 ( melody1  rivall+ 9 expressiv5ess !   
melodic inv5tion ( ! greate/  compos]s4 
,^! melodies 7 modell$ by an int5se     
s9c]ity1 (  a k9d inconceivable to m5 9 
a m complex environm5t1 ri*ly  provid$ )

 comp5sations4 ,any attempt at su*      
s9c]ity w\ld  to-day be ins9c]e4#f      
,equally ins9c]e w\ld be any mod]n      
compos]'s attempt to express ! simple   
natural ?rill ( !  ,s>d9ian %eph]d boy  
:o greets ! ris+ ( ! ,sun 9 a wond]ful  
song includ$ 9 ! ,sad]o collection4 ,9  
our civiliz$ society man  kn[s t ! sun w
 rise to-morr[ z x did ye/]day1 & t     
next ye> or ! ye> aft] he may love aga94
 ,x is n ,moori%  pirates1 or ! accid5t 
( plague1 or ! malefic int]f]5ce (  an  
unfri5dly ,god t w be> away 8 happ9ess4 
,x is happ9ess  itself t has fl[n away z
 he sits securely 9 ! mid/ ( 8          
possessions & asks himself1 :at he us$ n
 to ask himself3 8,:y d  ,i live80    ,i
 d n lam5t ?is *ange z a disa/]4 ,i     
m]ely wi% to po9t out  ! diff]5ce & to  
%[ :y ! music ( to-day mu/ diff] f !    
music ( ye/]day4 ,^? :o believe t music 
is a purely ab/ract  art 7m]e negation  
?is1 :i* ,i h abundantly %[n to be empty
 (  reality7 w be %ock$ at ! dep5d5ce ( 
music ^u man's life2  b ! great compos]s

 !mselves knew bett]3     8,! error 9 ! 
art-g5re ( op]a consi/s 9 ! fact t a    
,means   ( ,expression 7,music7 has be5 
made ! object1 :ile ! ,object (         
,expression 7! ,drama7 has be5 made a   
means40    ,^? words ( ,wagn]'s %[      
cle>ly t to ,wagn]1 z ,mr4 ,newman      
aptly puts x3     8,to inv5t a !me = its
 own ab/ract sake1 to p>e & %ape x      
till x 0 #8workable' & !n to weave x    
along ) o!rs ( !   same k9d into a      
patt]n ( :i* ! ma9 l9es 7 pr$et]m9$   = 
him by tradition--?is 0 some?+ he c\ld n
 imag9e himself   do+1 & t he sc(f$ at  
:5 he f\nd ! ,cons]vatoire   musicians  
engag$ 94444 ,wagn] always prote/$ aga9/
 ! curr5t   fa%ion ( p]=m+ ,bee?ov5's   
symphonies z if !y 7 no?+   m ?an       
agreeable or excit+ musical patt]ns40   
,my prec$+ *apt]s w h made x q cle> :y  
,wagn]'s  in/9ct 0 "r1 al?\gh 8 mode (  
expression is s inexact z  to be (t5    
confus+ & mislead+4#g ,:at ,wagn] means 
is t  intellectual =ms or dea?-%apes are
 giv5 no significance by  be+           

manipulat$1 dove-tail$1 & re-arrang$ by 
! intellig5ce  work+ f rules & examples4
 ,x is 8life0 t gives significance1  a  
spiritual urge into creation1 & :]e ?is 
is abs5t !re is no  arti/ic creation4   
,we may p]ceive by 8 use ( ! ^w 8drama0 
t ,wagn]'s conception ( 8life0 0 a      
limit$ "o2 b he c\ld  only express !    
life t 0 9 him & 8 s\ndness lay 9 8     
recogniz+ ?is4 ,b we %all n make !      
mi/ake ( inv5t+ an  artificial &        
unillum9at+ di/9ction betwe5 ,wagn] z a 
dramatic  or programmatic compos] &1 =  
example1 ,moz>t or ,ba* z absolute      
compos]s4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 all ^!     
compos]s 7includ+  ,bee?ov57 lies ma9ly 
9 inn] feel+1 9 spiritual life1 9 !     
individual psy*e--n 9 _! musical faculty
 z compos]s4 ,x  0 natural to ea* "o (  
!m t 8 vital activity %\ld run  into !  
=m ( s\nd-patt]ns4 ,x is ?is            
idiosyncrasy :i* has  made !m all       
musicians & n poets1 sculptors1 or      
pa9t]s4 ,b  ?is peculi>ity is only a    
physiological bias =--to quote ,mr4     

,newman  aga91 s9ce he is a musician &  
:at he says w be m appropriate  "h ?an !
 words ( a poet or sculptor1 besides be+
 admirably  cle>--     8,x is only ! mo/
 sup]ficial ( psy*ologi/s & /heticians  
:o c reg>d any human faculty z :olly cut
 (f f ! re/4 ,our   p]ceptions ( sight1 
( ta/e1 ( t\*1 ( he>+ are inextricably  
int]bl5d$ z is %[n by our con/antly     
express+ "o set (   s5sations 9 t]ms (  
ano!r1 z :5 we speak ( ! col\r (        
music1 ! height or dep? or ?ickness or  
cl>ity or mudd9ess (   musical tone4 ,9 
e poet !re is some?+ ( ! pa9t] & !      
musician2 9 e musician some?+ ( ! poet &
 ! pa9t]2 9   e pa9t] some?+ ( !        
musician & ! poet4 ,! "*   ( ! man's "w 
w dep5d ^u ! /r5g? or weakness ( !   t+e
 t is giv5 to 8 own special art by !    
relative /r5g? or   weakness ( !        
infusion ( "o or m ( ! o!r arts40       
,?us we c expla9 ! s5su\s individuality 
( an arti/ z be+ a  result ( ! special &
 peculi> bias & int]mixture ( 8 s5ses4  
,b ?is is only a "p ( 8 "* or           

p]sonality1 & x is my  argum5t t x is ! 
m9or 7?\gh ess5tial & indisp5sable7  & n
 ! major or mo/ important "p4 ,= besides
 ?is physical  individuality he has a   
spiritual individuality4 ,! =m] is !    
in/rum5t1 ! latt] is ! 8life10 &1 9 !   
case ( music1 !  physical expression1 ! 
communication1 ! tangible 7eye & e> are 
8t\*0 at a di/ance7 dea?-%ape is !      
musical creation or =m--a  ,ba* fugue1 a
 ,bee?ov5 symphony1 a ,moz>t or ,wagn]  
op]a1 a ,s*ub]t  song4    ,! importance 
( ,bee?ov5--:i* ,wagn] 0 ! fir/ to      
und]/&--lay 9 t /up5d\s /ream ( 8life0  
)9 him :i*  bur/ ?r\gh all ! old        
academic =ms1 z ! sap bur/s ?r\gh a     
tree into col\r & blossom1 & /rew$ !    
hi/ory ( music )  ^? gigantic skeletons 
( spiritual life :i* we "k z 8 works4   
,b we h yet to discov] ! mean+ ( ^!     
compositions4 ,_!  full mean+ c only be 
felt1 x _c be re-/at$--except :5 8      
works are adequately p]=m$2 b !y h a    
*>act]i/ic to :i*  ,i %all try to give a
 v]bal con/ruction because ,i ?9k x     

imm5sely  important4 ,x is n a quality =
 :i* !re exi/s a ^w1 or a  phrase1 or   
ev5 a poem2 b x is a p>ticul> k9d (     
desire4 8,l  z a h>t desire? !          
wat]-brooks s ?ir/e? my s\l aft] !  liv+
 ,god10 t--7 x n = its association ) !  
desires  ( ,bapti/s1 ,me?odi/s1         
,wesleyans1 ,anglicans1 ,ca?olics1      
,mohamm$ans1  ,buddhi/s1 ,*ri/ian       
,sci5ti/s1 ,mormons1 & all ^? bodies (  
p kn[n to-day z 8religi\s0--w\ld p]haps 
be sugge/ive4 ,at  any rate x w\ld s]ve 
to di/+ui% ! quality ( ?is desire or    
passion f ! passion :i* creat$ ,tri/an  
und ,isolde4 ,&1  magnific5t & beautiful
 z t 01 its magnific5ce comp>$ )  !     
magnific5ce ( ,bee?ov5's passion is z ! 
magnific5ce ( a  col\r$ duck to a black 
swan4 ,! simile is a totally unwor?y "o1
  = we h no?+ to :i* we c comp>e        
,bee?ov54 ,we c easily  f9d similes =   
,wagn]1 b ,bee?ov5 is a r>a avis4    ,x 
is natural to ! "y to be ideali/s1 an   
old ideali/ is  g5]ally ei!r a rogue or 
a fool--unless he happ5s to be a        

,bee?ov54 ,! "y f9d some?+ /irr+ 9 _!   
he>ts :5  li/5+ to ,bee?ov5 :i* !y nev] 
f9d :5 li/5+ to ,ba*1  ,moz>t or ,wagn]1
 great z ^! compos]s are4 ,bee?ov5      
awakes a  feel+ s romantic1 s ideali/ic1
 ( s f9e & exquisite a bloom  t x is    
gu>d$ by ev]yone :o exp]i5ces x z a     
preci\s secret4  ,:at ,bee?ov5 imag9$   
inevitably lures m5 away f ! s5su\s     
delights ( ,debussy & ,/rauss1 f !      
fatigu+ excitem5ts (  ,/rav9sky & ,jazz1
 f ! gaieties ( ,v]di & ,ross9i1 f !    
s5tim5tal no/algia ( ,brahms1 f ! solid 
satisfaction ( ,ba*1  f ! s5sitive      
melan*oly ( ,moz>t & f ! less] loves (  
,wagn]2 b :y x does s we _c tell4       
8,_h ,i be5 will+10 said ,bee?ov5 to    
,s*9dl] 9 #ahbc1 9 !  c\rse ( a         
conv]sation ab\t ! ,c\ntess ,giulietta  
,guicci>di1 8to  surr5d] ?us my vital   
p[] & my life :at w\ld h be5 left (  !  
be/ & noble/ 9 me80 ,:at a diff]5t r+   
?is pla9 /atem5t  has beside !          
rhetorical pans to r5unciation on ! lips
 ( ,wagn]1  :o 0 satisfi$ to accept :at 

w\ld nev] h satisfi$ ,bee?ov54    ,x is 
a peculi>ity ( ,bee?ov5 t he c use !    
words 8be/0 &  8noble/0 )\t mak+ an     
intellig5t man laugh up 8 sleeve4 ,if we
  d succe$ 9 laugh+ x is ) ! wrong side 
( our m\?s4 ,!  v words 8good10 8noble10
 8spiritual10 8sublime10 h all become 9 
our "t synonym\s ) humbug4 ,9 ,bee?ov5's
 music !y take on a  new & trem5d\s     
significance & n all ! corrosive acid ( 
!  mo/ p[]ful intellect & ! pr(\nde/    
scepticism c burn ?r\gh  !m into any    
lead5 sub/ratum4 ,!y are gold ?r\gh\t4  
,am ,i wrong  9 ?9k+ ?is an a*ievem5t   
)\t p>allel 9 ! mod]n _w8  ,po9t to me 9
 poetry1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 music1       
any:]e1 "o  o!r arti/ :o has recreat$ 7n
 paid lip-s]vice to7 ! mean+ (  good &  
left to u ! imag9ation ( a love         
transc5d+ bo? !  sacr$ & ! pr(ane4 ,!re 
is none4    ,we _c live )\t values & at 
pres5t we _c conceive a  /ate :5 m5 w\ld
 n ask !mselves3 8,:y d ,i live80 8,is  
life  wor? liv+80 ,?is is ! !me :i*     
t\*es u to-day :5 we m>ry  & settle d[n 

) our love1 measure ! spots on ! ,sun1 &
 fe>  nei!r plagues1 pirates1 nor       
eclipses3      8,"h ,i am an old man 9 a
 dry mon?1    ,be+ read to by a boy1    
wait+ = ra94    ,i 0 nei!r at ! hot     
gates    ,nor f\ght 9 ! w>m ra9    ,nor 
knee-deep 9 ! salt m>%1 heav+ a cutlass1
    ,bitt5 by flies1 f\ght4    ,my h\se 
is a decay$ h\se1    ,& ! jew squats on 
! w9d[-sill1 ! own]1    ,spawn$ 9 "s    
e/am9et ( ,antw]p1    ,bli/]$ 9         
,brussels1 pat*$ & peel$ 9 ,london4     
,! goat c\ghs at night 9 ! field        
ov]head2    ,rocks1 moss1 /onecrop1     
iron1 m]ds4    ,! woman keeps ! kit*51  
makes tea1    ,sneezes at ev5+1 pok+ !  
peevi% gutt]4                      ,i am
 an old man1    ,a dull head among w9dy 
spaces40    ,! brave/1 ! mo/ intellig5t1
 ! mo/ s5sitive are oppress$  ) t pr(\nd
 s5se ( ! futility ( life :i* ,mr4      
,eliot  expresses s admirably 9 ! above 
l9es4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! con/ant  burd5 ( !
 mo/ *>act]i/ic ( our mod]n poets3      
8,?is is ! way ! _w ends    ,?is is !   

way ! _w ends    ,?is is ! way ! _w ends
    ,n ) a bang b a :imp]40    ,yes1 we 
are conv9c$4 ,?is is ! way ! _w ends &  
we h no  m fai? 9 any?+4 ,democracy1    
,lib]ty1 ,equality1 ,frat]nity1 h  all  
be5 add$ to ! li/ ( ! ,great            
,sup]/itions4 ,mussol9i &  ,l59 h made  
moon%9e ( ,socialism & ,communism4 ,god 
is a ^w  us$ only 9 treatises on tribal 
magic1 :5 x is spelt correctly  z god4  
,love has be5 appropriat$ by ! writ]s ( 
silly magaz9e  /ories & ev5 silli]      
novels4 ,all hone/ m5 are r$uc$ to      
sil5ce  be=e ! daily avalan*e (         
fraudul5t lies f pulpit1 pr9t+  press1  
p>liam5t & plat=m4 ,ev]y:]e m5 speak ) !
 tongues  ( s]p5ts & ! m9ds (           
manufactur]s ( *ew+ gum4 ,& deep 9  all 
m5's he>ts !re is only "o ?\ght3        
8,i gr[ old--,i gr[ old    ,i %all we> !
 bottoms ( my tr\s]s roll$40    ,b 9 !  
mid/ ( futility & inanity1 9 ! mid/ (   
desp]ation  & despair !re s\nds ! music 
( ,bee?ov5 :i* says )\t  bomba/ or cr$o3
 8,?is is n ! way ! _w ends40 ,& says x 

9 su* a way t we are =c$ to li/54 ,we   
li/5 to ,bee?ov5 :5  we w\ld li/5 to    
nobody else because he is a man )\t any 
( !  _w's illusions4 ,h[ feeble &       
sup]ficial seems ! disillusionm5t  (    
,mr4 ,t4 ,s4 ,eliot's poems comp>$ ) !  
agony ( ! ,cavat9a 9  ! ,b flat ,qu>tet 
) its my/]i\s pause--z if ! pulse ( !   
:ole ,univ]se 7 /opp$ & might n cont9ue2
 ( ! ,fugue 9 ,b  flat ,op4 #acc2 & ( ! 
la/ ,pian(orte ,sonata :i* ,bee?ov5     
wrote4  ,9 ?is la/ ,sonata we feel !    
agony ( a man ^: imag9ation is  grappl+ 
) "s insupportable horror4 ,let u       
conceive ! ,capta9  ( a %ip /&+ on its  
bridge 9 a calm1 unconsci\s sea4 ,!     
boats  are useless because l& does n    
exi/ any:]e4 ,f ! deck come  ! cries1   
curses & weep+ ( ! doom$ crew1 :o are   
only 8 own  embodi$ emotions1 = he is   
really alone4 ,sl[ly !y are go+ d[n     
into ! unruffl$ wat]4 ,! ,capta9 does n 
%ake 8 fi/ defiantly  into ! sky & d5y t
 he is go+ d[n1 b kn[+ t he is  go+ d[n 
nev] to return s9ks passionately into ! 

sea4 ,su* is  ! m9d & temp] ( ,bee?ov54 
,!re is agony b no :imp]1 &  if t is n  
end+ ) a bang ,i don't "k :at is4 ,9 !  
music  ( ,bee?ov5 !re are no anodynes1  
no lull+s ( s5se1 no deceits  ( !       
intellig5ce1 b pure virtus4 ,& ?is      
virtus is ?rill+  absolutely1 )\t       
res]vations4 ,aft] ! trem5d\s drama ( ! 
fir/ movem5t ( ! ,c m9or ,sonata1 =     
example--a drama 9 :i*  !re is ! :ole   
ec/atic mis]y ( life--we are n assuag$  
by a  dream4 ,! conflict does n cease4  
,t wond]ful ,arietta--surely  ! mo/     
wond]ful ?+ 9 all music--is no br+] (   
peace &  resignation4 ,9 x some?+ passes
 away b its pass+ away is an  act (     
creation n ( ext9ction4 ,x is ?is :i*   
gives ,bee?ov5's  music its peculi>     
significance1 = ,creation n ,nirvana is 
!  ess5ce ( ,bee?ov54 ,x has its root   
!re=e 9 human p]sonality  & may be mo/  
accurately describ$ z ! supreme/        
imag9ation (  love 9 human art4 ,b ?\gh 
beyond ! conception ( ! ,neapolitan     
fi%]man m\rn+ = 8 lo/ bride x does n    

less5 b enri*es  t anci5t love-song1    
mak+ x impossible = u to feel t x 0     
mean+less4    ,& if anyone %\ld say t ! 
"q3 8,:y d ,i live80 has n  be5 answ]$1 
,i reply t ,bee?ov5 has r5d]$ x         
ridicul\s4      ,,footnotes3    #e ,!   
anci5t ,greeks ) *>act]i/ic intellectual
 p[] did n  believe 9 m]e irresponsible 
accid5t4    #f ,comp>e = example !      
feebl5ess ( our contempor>y love-songs  
& ballads4    #g ,= example we c ask    
no?+ m ?an t a compos] %\ld  write      
8excit+ musical patt]ns40 ,x all dep5ds 
^u :at is meant by  8excit+40           
,,*apt] ,,vii                           
,,beyond ,,all ,,s5se      ,music w n   
end ) ,bee?ov54 ,x is possible t ! v    
problems t confront$ him & /ill confront
 u w fade out (  ! imag9ation j z ^?    
political problems :i* occupi$ s  mu* ( 
! att5tion ( ! hi/orical _w f ! ,greek  
,republics  to ! ,briti% ,empire are    
ceas+ to exi/ be=e our v eyes4  ,& :5 we
 ?9k ( ! religi\s diss5sions ( ,*ri/5dom
 &  reflect on ! que/ions :i* once      

divid$ fa!r f son1 sect  f sect1 *ur* f 
*ur*1 x is ) difficulty t we c give  !m 
a mean+ intelligible to our m9ds1 mu*   
less feel any %ad[  ( ! life t 0 once 9 
!m4 ,9 ! memory ( liv+ m51  he>tburn+   
intellectual problems h become empty    
phrases4 ,d>w91  ,huxley1 & ! ,anglican 
,bi%ops all seem z unreal z ! waxworks (
  ,madame ,tussaud & are se5 to be !    
complem5t>y ph5om5a ( an  intellectual  
nightm>e4 ,no "o to-day imag9es t ,tru? 
we>s !  /range ,victorian get-up ( any (
 ^! g5tlem54    ,simil>ly ! sociological
 phantoms ( ! age ( ,b]n>d ,%aw &  ,h4  
,g4 ,wells1 ( ,k>l ,m>x & ,l59 are cutt+
 ! la/ ( _!  anti!tical cap]s4 ,sociali/
 & ,anti-,sociali/1 ,communi/ &         
,anti-,communi/1 ,cons]vative &         
,revolution>y h sudd5ly caught  sight ( 
_! own faces beh9d ! masks ( _!         
oppon5ts4 ,_!  passionate reality is se5
 to be no m ?an a ,fancy ,dress ,ball--=
  all ^! figm5ts1 ^! fictions1 ^! ,ideas
 7 nev] any m  ?an ! ,masks ( false     
passions1 passions :i* h nev] succe$$  9

 begett+ a prog5y1 s9ce !y are ! m]e    
nightm>e passions (  social indige/ion4 
,9 ano!r five g5]ations !re w be no     
pov]ty1 !re may be  no matrimony1 !re w 
c]ta9ly1 if !re is no pov]ty1 be no     
patrimony4 ,*ildr5 may take _! "m's "n &
 !n fa!rs  w h n ev5 a fifty-ye> royalty
 ^u _! creations4 ,m5 &  wom5 w look ^u 
_! *ildr5 z arti/s look ^u _! works  & w
 wi% o!rs to enjoy !m4 ,! _w w be s     
*ang$ t  none ( ! problems :i* to-day   
set our newspap]s pr9t+ &  our          
politicians talk+ w ev5 exi/4 ,our      
pres5t ideas on sex1  morality1 beauty &
 value w 9 ^? days appe> z /range1  z   
fanta/ic1 z illusory z ! ideas ( our    
ance/ors :o took  ,bee*am's pills to    
cure all ills4    ,w ! music ( su* a _w 
diff] f ! music ( to-day8  ,necess>ily1 
s9ce life )\t *ange is inconceivable to 
u & music  t is alive mu/ be *ang+4 ,b !
 mean+ ( ?is *ange is n  to be appreh5d$
 by ! m9d1 = x is no less ?an life      
itself4  ,a "p ( x1 h[ev]1 c be         
appreh5d$1 =1 al?\gh we feel            

in/9ctively t ! m ! _w *anges ! m t x is
 !  same#h yet we _c d5y t x is ! same )
 a diff]5ce4 ,&  x is ! diff]5ce :i*    
matt]s & is matt]--t :i* appe>s1  is    
visible & audible--! dea?-%ape ( ! _s4  
,x w\ld be bor+ & futile to consid] !   
me?ods :i* may  be inv5t$ ( di/ribut+   
music or ( mak+ music he>d4 ,t a        
million p]sons li/5 to ,bee?ov5 by      
wireless or gramophone :]e1  previ\sly1 
a ?\s& li/5$ 9 a conc]t hall is "o ( ^? 
/ati/ical *anges :i* x is beyond ! wit (
 man to value4    ,=tunately !re is a   
p]iod fix$ to ! possibilities (         
8progress0  ( ?is k9d2 & :5 e baby is   
born to ,bee?ov5 & to ,fre$om  !n       
culture & /ati/ics ( culture1 education 
& measurem5ts  ( education w h          
simultane\sly ceas$4 ,!re w be 9 ^?     
days no newspap] int]views )            
,neo-,edisons because !re w be no       
newspap]s2 ! p w h =gott5 t x is int]e/+
 to  "k :e!r a celebrity dr9ks          
de-caffe9$ c(fee or dehydrog5$  wat]    
because !re w be no 8p0 & no            

celebrities4 ,! ,age (  ,vulg>ity w h   
pass$4    ,:at sort ( music w be li/5$  
to 9 ^? days8 ,! music (  ,orpheus1 !   
music t comes out ( d>kness4    ,accord+
 to ,plato :5 ,orpheus desc5d$ into hell
 & succe$$  by ! /ra9s ( 8 my/]i\s music
 9 s(t5+ ! he>ts (  ,pluto &            
,p]sephone--:o !mselves 7 phantoms1     
prison]s ( !  imag9ation1 sup]nal be+s  
*a9$ to ! bottom ( ,hades because  !y 7 
imag9$ !re & exi/$ only 9               
,imag9ation--he br\ght  back ) him b an 
,app>ition4 ,x 0 an ,app>ition t he gaz$
 at  s fondly1 & :i* nev]!less vani%$   
be=e 8 eyes4 ,8 music  0 t ,app>ition2  
^? heav5ly /ra9s1 my/]i\s1 pr(\nd1      
issu+ f 8 m\? took =m1 ! =m (           
,eurydice--!  imag9ation ( light 9      
d>kness1 ( love 9 ! mid/ ( dea?4    ,!  
=ms t music w take 9 ! future are z yet 
unimag9$2  b ^! =ms w always be ! =m (  
,eurydice pluck$ by  ,orpheus va9ly out 
( ,hell4 ,& !y w n be ab/ract =ms b  !  
app>ition ( a real love :i*1 bitt5 by ! 
s]p5t ( life1  desc5d$ into ! k+dom (   

,pluto4      ,,footnotes3    #h ,!      
evolution>y !ory w no long] be ?\ght ( z
 a  cont9u\s or a discont9u\s asc5t2    
biological species w be  reg>d$ z       
ripples on a pool2 ! ,a/ronomical       
,univ]se w be  conceiv$ z /ation>y4     
,,! ,,end