,illu/ration      ,,encau/ic            
,,pa9t+4      ,illu/ration              
,,encau/ic3      ,,or1      ,c\nt       
,,caylus',s      ,,me?od ( ,,pa9t+      
,9 ! ,,mann] ( ! ,,anci5ts4      ,to :i*
 is add$      ,a sure & easy ,,me?od =  
,fix+ (    ,,crayons4      ,by ,j4 ,h4  
,m,,ntz4      ,illu/ration              
,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ! ,,au?or2 &    ,a4  
,,webley1 at ! ,,bible & ,,cr[n ne>     
,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,holborn1 #agfj4      
,illu/ration          ,,to ,,!    ,,"r  
,,hon\rable    ,ri*>d ,"l ,edgcumbe1    
,controll] ( 8 ,,maje/y',s ,h\sehold4   
,my ,,"l1    ,i ,%\ld be afraid to (f] y
 ! foll[+ ,treatise if ,i c\ld  n flatt]
 myself ) ! hope t its intr9sic ,m]it1 &
 !  ,int5tion x 0 writ 91 w\ld 9 y\r    
noble & g5]\s ,m9d  c\nt]balance !      
,defects & ,improprieties ( ,language1 (
 :i*1 z  almo/ unavoidable to a ,=eign]1
 x mu/ ( c\rse be guilty (4    ,!       
subject ,i pres5t y ) is kn[n to y long 
ago2 y saw !  fir/ ,essays & ,exp]im5ts 
9 ,encau/ic2 ,y 0 pleas$ to approve  (  

!m1 & to express "s ,satisfaction at !  
lea/ ,picture  execut$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,)  
:at great] ,advantage c\ld ,i u%]  ?is  
new ,inv5tion into ! ,_w1 ?an d$icat+ x 
to ,y2 to make  x kn[n t ! ,,greate/    
,,patron ( ,arts1 & ! be/ ,judge ( !    
,m]its ( ,pa9t+ approv$ ( x8--,c\nt     
,,caylus inv5t$ x2 "u !  ,sanction ( y\r
 ,lord%ip's ,"n ,i (f] x to ! ,public1 &
 ) a  grateful ,s5se = all ! ,fav\rs &  
,k9dness ,y h at all ,times  %ewn t[>ds 
me4      ,i am1 my ,"l1        y\r      
,lord%ip's          mo/ ob$i5t          
& mo/ oblig$              humble        
,s]vant1                    ,j4 ,h4     
,m,,ntz4          ,,encau/ic3    ,,or1  
,,me?od ( ,,pa9t+    ,9 ! ,mann] ( !    
,,anci5ts4      ,a relation ( my        
proce$+s1 to r$uce ?is s+ul> inv5tion   
into  a regul> sy/em agreeable to       
reason1 & practical 9 itself1 w\ld  be  
t$i\s & sup]flu\s3 ,to ent] ^u ! process
 )\t giv+  ! read] "s little acc\nt ( ! 
matt]1 w\ld be improp]4 ,z  some?+ is   
requir$ to introduce ! read]1 & z !     

books  ,i mu/ ref] to are n 9 e body's  
possession1 ,i %all 9  lieu (           
introduction1 ins]t ! :ole z laid be=e !
 ,royal  ,society1--:i* is z foll[s4    
,,extract ( a ,,lett]#a    ,f ! ,abb    
,,mazeas1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4    ,conc]n+ an    
anci5t ,me?od ( ,pa9t+4 ,reviv$ by ,c\nt
 ,,caylus4        ,c\nt ,,caylus1 a     
memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,inscriptions1     
_h und]tak5 to expla9 an obscure passage
 9 ,,pl9y !      naturali/4 ,?is au?or  
7:om ,i h n n[ be=e me7 says 9      "s  
place ( 8 works1 t 8! anci5ts pa9t$ )   
burnt      wax0#b & we h x f tradition1 
t pictures ( ?is      k9d 7 v durable4  
,?is 0 ! passage1 ! c\nt und]took to    
cle> up1 9      try+ all ! diff]5t ways 
t are possible to pa9t 9      wax2 &    
aft] _m exp]im5ts1 he hit ^u a v simple 
me?od1 ( :i* he made a secret1 9 ord] to
 excite !      curiosity ( ! public4    
,! sev]al arti/s :o 7 desir\s ( kn[+ by 
:at means      ! c\nt came to make ?is  
discov]y1 made sev]al attempts          
!mselves2 b 9 a great numb] ( trials1   

only two are wor?      m5tion+4         
,! fir/ 0 to melt wax & oil ( turp5t9e  
toge!r1 &      use x = mix+ ! col\rs4 ,b
 ?is me?od does n at      all expla9    
,,pl9y',s mean+2 because wax is n burnt 
9 ?is      way ( manag+ x3 & besides1   
?is me?od has two defects2      ! oil ( 
turp5t9e dries too fa/1 & does n all[ ! 
pa9t] suffici5t "t to bl5d & unite 8    
col\rs4        ,! second me?od is v     
+5i\s1 & seems to come up      to       
,,pl9y',s notion v well2 x is z foll[s2 
! wax is      melt$ ) /rong lixivium (  
salt ( t>t>1 & ) ?is      ! col\rs are  
gr\nd4 ,:5 ! picture is f9i%$1 x      is
 gradually put to ! fire1 :i* increases 
! heat by      degrees2 ! wax melts1    
swells1 & is bloat$ up ^u !             
picture2 !n ! picture is remov$         
gradually f ! fire1      & ! col\rs d n 
at all appe> to h be5 disord]$2      !  
col\rs !n become unalt]able by ! action 
( ! fire1      & ev5 _s ( w9e has be5   
burnt ^u !m )\t do+      !m ! lea/ h>m4 
,h[ev]1 ! foll[+ is ! ,c\nt de          

,,caylus',s me?od1 :i*      is mu* m    
simple2 accord+ to :i* ! head ( ,m9]va 0
      pa9t$1 :i* 0 s mu* admir$ by all !
 connoisseurs4        ,fir/4 ,! clo? or 
wood design$ = ! picture is wax$        
ov]1 by only rubb+ x simply ) a piece ( 
bees-wax4        ,secondly4 ,! col\rs   
are mix$ up ) common wat]2 b z      ^!  
col\rs w n adh]e to ! wax1 ! :ole       
picture is      to be fir/ rubb$ ov] )  
,spani% *alk1 or :it5+1 &      !n !     
col\rs are us$4        ,?irdly4 ,:5 !   
picture is dry1 x is put ne> ! fire1    
:]eby ! wax melts1 & absorbs all !      
col\rs4        ,x mu/ be all[$1 t no?+ c
 be m simple ?an ?is      me?od2 & x is 
?\ght1 t ?is k9d ( pa9t+ is      capable
 ( )/&+ ! injuries ( ! wea!r1 & la/     
long] ?an pa9t+ 9 oil2 :i* ,i w n answ] 
=4        ,! effect produc$ by ^! col\rs
 ^u wax is v s+ul>2      nor c "o h any 
notion ( x )\t see+ x4 ,!      col\rs h 
n t natural v>ni% or %9+1 t !y          
acquire ) oil2 b y are capable ( see+ ! 
picture 9      any light1 or 9 :atsoev] 

situation y place x2 9 %ort      !re c  
be no false gl>e or light ^u ! picture =
 !      spectators3 ! col\rs are secur$1
 are firm1 & w be>      wa%+2 & h a     
prop]ty1 :i* ,i look ^u z ! mo/         
important ( any1 :i* is1 t !y h smoak$  
?is picture      9 places subject to f\l
 vap\rs1 & to smoke 9 *imnies2      & !n
 by be+ expos$ to ! dew1 x became z     
clean z if      x _h be5 b j pa9t$4     
,^! are all ! cont5ts ( ! lett]1 laid   
be=e ! ,royal  ,society by a memb] ( t  
le>n$ body1 :o accompani$ x ) a  s]ies (
 v acute & le>n$ obs]vations1 :i*1 ) an 
ext5sive  k1 %ew an incl9ation to prove 
t ! c\nt's me?od c\ld  n be ! encau/ic (
 ! anci5ts1 & t encau/o p+5di  c\ld be  
no?+ else b enamel+4----           99   
99       99       99       99    ,x is  
nei!r my bus9ess nor int5tion to ent]   
into discussions2 x  w\ld be too        
difficult a task to prove t ! c\nt's    
inv5tion comes  up to ,,pl9y',s mean+2  
no c]ta9 evid5ce c be br\ght nei!r =    
nor aga9/ x4 ,any discov]y t t5ds t[>ds 

improvem5t ( arts  & sci5ces is         
valuable2 t ! c\nt's inv5tion is ( ?is  
k9d1  w appe> to e unprejudic$ m9d4     
,!re=e x matt]s n if ! anci5ts did s or 
n4    ,b1 to give my op9ion only----!   
numb]less exp]im5ts ,i made to  br+ !   
new encau/ic into a regul> sy/em--!     
repeat$ trials to  expla9 ,,pl9y',s     
mean+ any o!r way t w\ld answ] ! g5]al  
ends ( pa9t+1 c4 induce me to believe t 
encau/o p+5di  ( ! anci5ts c\ld n be    
enamel+1 b mu/ h be5 "s  mann] ( pa9t+ v
 ne> ( k9 to t :i* is ! subject (  ?is  
treatise4 ,besides ! cle> & expressive  
words ( our anci5t  au?or--,c]is p+]e ac
 picturam inur]e--& :]e he speaks (  _! 
%ip pa9t+--resolutis igni c]is p5icilio 
ut5di--c>ry a  sil5t pro( ) !m1 t !     
,lat9 v]b ur]e ought n to be  und]/ood 9
 s fi]ce a degree z enamel+ requires4#c 
,9 bo? ! above cit$ passages c]a is 9 ! 
plural numb]2 &  = ?is v reason ,i      
believe x c mean no?+ else b bees-wax   
simple1 or comp\nd$ ) o!r +r$i5ts       
capable to sympa?ise  !re)4    ,x w\ld  

be ridicul\s to suppose ! ,lat9 tongue s
 defective 9  ,,pl9y',s "t1 z n to af=d 
two di/9ct names = two ?+s s  opposite z
 enamel+ & %ip pa9t+ are4    ,i _c      
conceive :at good enamel w\ld or c\ld d 
to _! %ips1  )\t und]go+ ! op]ation ( ! 
fire aft] be+ pa9t$4 ,nor  c ,i =m any  
idea ( a ,roman enamel$ fir/-rate man ( 
w>4    ,! mo/ probable reason1 =        
,,pl9y',s n giv+ a bett] acc\nt (       
p>ticul>s may be1 t he kn[+ no?+ at all 
( ! matt]1 us$  ! t]m ( art !n 9 vogue2 
or 0 impos$ ^u by arti/s :o did  n *use 
to "p ) ! secret ( _! art4    ,in/ances 
( ?is k9d we h e day4----,arts & trades 
ab\nd  ) j>gon & my/ical names1 :i*1 if 
tak5 or expla9$ lit]ally1  w\ld (t5     
prove b little analog\s to _! subject4  
,writ]s t  pay no reg>d to t1 & )\t f>!r
 scrut9y speak & relate  :at !y are     
told1 mu/ ( c\rse be un9telligible4     
,h5ce x comes  t mo/ ( our diction>ies  
on arts & sci5ces1 & ! greate/  numb] ( 
books on pa9t+1 are s p]plex+2 & 9 _m a 
po9t  rival ,,pl9y 9 obscurity4    ,to  

write ^u a subject & unfold its my/]y1  
"o ought to be  practically acqua9t$ )  
x2 a sup]ficial draw+ is n en\gh2 to    
tea* o!rs h[ to g to "w1 ! section is   
want$4    ,if all books ^u arts &       
sci5ces1 manufactures & me*anics1 _h    
be5 or c\ld be writt5 by ! respective   
pr(essors !re(1 ?+s  w\ld appe> 9 ano!r 
light2 we %\ld1 p]haps1 n h ! f9e/      
language 9 ^? p]=mances2 b we d n want  
t1 pla9 tru?  & common s5se is all t is 
requir$2 if a guide leads u ! "r  way1  
we ne$ n m9d 8 dress4    ,i %all make no
 apology = ?is p]=mance ( m9e3 if !     
cont5ts  d n speak = !mselves1 my       
abilities z a writ] w\ld b weakly       
support !m1 only z new inv5tions are    
frequ5tly condemn$ = no  o!r reason b   
because !y are new2 x becomes me to     
acqua9t !  public1 t ,i %\ld nev] h gone
 s f> z to publi% ?is sy/em1  if ,i _h n
 be5 conv9c$ ( its m]it by exp]i5ce &   
practice2 ,i  made _m & v>i\s exp]im5ts 
7z w be m5tion$ 9 ! sequel7  to asc]ta9 
its /ability2 & hav+ pa9t$ sev]al       

pictures (  diff]5t sizes1 ,i c answ] = 
its practicability4 ,9 %ort1 x  is a    
mann] ( pa9t+ susceptible ( all !       
boldness1 fre$om &  delicacy ( any o!r  
:atsoev]2 y may leave (f & *]i% y\r  "w 
at pleasure1 y _c fatigue y\r col\rs1 y 
are n subject  to t inconv5i5ce att5d+  
oil pa9t+1 viz4 ( sett+ "o's  picture by
 to dry1 c4    ,y w h all ! effects &   
sweetness ( pa9t+ 9 oil1 &  ! col\rs w n
 be liable to fade & *ange2 no damp c   
affect  x1 no corrosive w hurt x2 nor c 
! col\rs crack & fall 9  %iv]s f (f !   
canvas4    ,let no-body ?9k me too      
positive1 or intoxicat$ ) my own        
notions1  be=e !y h gone ?r\gh ! :ole   
treatise1 & made a few  exp]im5ts4 ,i   
advance facts1 & n conjectures only4    
,x is n my int5tion to qu>rel or        
depreciate oil pa9t+1 nor  w ,i attempt 
to d5y its true m]it2 !re=e hope x w n  
be consid]$ z a crime to propose a me?od
 t w equal its  p]fections1 & surpass x 
= duration & /ability ( col\rs4 ,i  tell
 arti/s :at ,i "k1 !y may d :at !y judge

 prop]4 ,?\gh  ,i be/[ encomiums ^u my  
subject x is n ) a design to impose2  ,i
 am n self-conceit$1 or fooli% en\gh to 
?9k or believe t  ,rynolds or ,ransey1  
,scott or ,lamb]t1 c4 c4 w take up at   
once &  pref] my new sy/em to t !y      
practis$ = _m ye>s ) success  &         
applause--!y1 & e body else1 may try2 a 
trifl+ exp5ce1  & a few idle h\rs w af=d
 exp]im5ts by :i* !y w "k  if :at ,i    
advance w really be an advantage to _!  
works &  !mselves4 ,& h[ f> x w answ]1  
ei!r :ole or 9 "p1 !  g5]al ends (      
pa9t+1 "o s+le sket* w be en\gh to judge
 by2  9 arts1 "o exp]i5ce is wor? a ?\s&
 conjectures4    ,9 ! prosecution ( my  
sy/em1 oil-col\rs came always 9 = a "p  
( ! exp]im5t1 9 opposition to ^? fix$ ) 
wax1 9 ord] to  judge bett] & ) m       
precision ( _! v>iation4 ,by ?is x      
happ5$ t ,i (t5 pa9t$ oil-col\rs ov] a  
wax$ gr\nd2 :i*  col\rs always appe>$   
bright] & clean] ?an ! v same pa9t$  ov]
 an oil-clo?2 at lea/ ,i fanci$ t dead  
col\r+ 9 wat]  col\rs & f9i%+ 9 oil1 0  

an exp]im5t wor? try+4 ,= ?is  purpose  
7z portrait pa9t+ is n my prov9ce7 ,i   
pit*$ ^u a head  ( ,sir ,godfrey        
,knell]1 a g5tleman & fri5d _h s5t me to
 copy  small 9 oil2 accord+ly ,i dead   
col\r$ x 9 wat] col\rs & fix$  !m ) wax1
 & aft]w>ds f9i%$ x 9 oil-col\rs1 n only
 to  my satisfaction & surprize1 b e    
body's else t saw x2 !  brightness &    
transp>5cy ( its col\rs is n to be      
conceiv$4 ,i  copi$ ! same head aga9 9  
oil-col\rs only1 & ) all imag9able  c>e 
& att5tion1 b ! col\r+ ( ! latt] look$  
dull 9  opposition to ! o!r#d2 to give  
reasons = ?is incid5t is m  ?an ,i c d2 
,i %all give a few conjectures1 &       
conjectures only1  ^u x1 "u ! article ( 
exp]im5ts4    ,if ,i %\ld n ga9 !       
approbation & good w ( ! oil pa9t+      
faculty1 = a few h9ts3 ,i am sure ^?    
arti/s :o pr(ess pa9t+  9 crayons w be  
behold5 to me = :at ,i %all communicate 
to  !m--a me?od to fix crayons or       
pa/elle4    ,e body kn[s ! beauties &   
pleas+ effects ( ^? pa9t+s  & _!        

p]i%able qualities s well1 t to enl>ge  
^u is  ne$less to be/[ great encomiums  
^u my secret1 :i* is s closely  connect$
 ) encau/ic = ! p5cil1 & ^: m]it has    
already  be5 m5tion$1 w\ld be sup]flu\s2
 ! process & exp]im5ts ,i  am n[ go+ to 
unfold w be ( m weight ?an all my       
reason+s  previ\s !reto4    ,to make !  
:ole famili> & easy to all capacities1  
,i ?\ght x  conv5i5t to lay d[n ! :ole  
p5cil+ sy/em "u five diff]5t  articles  
or p]iods1 accord+ z !y succe$ ea* o!r 9
 !  execution2 & to keep ! ?read ( !    
proce$+ un9t]rupt$1 ,i  %all make a few 
obs]vations ^u e article 9 p>ticul>1 &  
!re give & expla9 ! diff]5t me?ods t may
 be practis$ =  ! same end1 toge!r ) my 
reason1 & :y ,i deviat$ 9 "s p>ts  f    
,c\nt ,,caylus',s sy/em4    ,! op]ations
 = pa9t+ ) crayons w be treat$ & expla9$
  sep>ately1 & ^u ! same plan4 ,la/ly1 !
 exp]im5ts w come  9 to illu/rate bo?1 &
 v]ify :at ,i advance4          ,,art4  
,i4    ,prep>ation ( ! clo? = pa9t+ 9   
,encau/ic4      ,take any sort ( clean  

l95 clo? ^: texture is pretty close1    
s(t & ev51 /ret* x ^u a /ra9+ frame1 z y
 w\ld d an  oil clo?1 lay x ^u a smoo?  
table1 ! side y\r are to pa9t on        
d[nw>ds1 !n ) a piece ( common bees- or 
virg9-wax rub x ov]  & ov]1 till y      
p]ceive a good quantity ( ! wax adh]e to
 !  clo?1 9 equal proportion ov] !      
:ole4#e    ,y\r clo? ?us wax$ is ready  
to pa9t ^u if x be f9e2 if x is  co>se1 
turn x1 & ) a pumice /one g5tly rub ov] 
! side :i*  is to receive ! col\rs1 to  
take (f all ! knots & unev5ness  t might
 ob/ruct ! free fl[+ ( y\r p5cil4    ,if
 y want to pa9t a picture ( any det]m9$ 
size1 provide a  /ra9+ frame1 ^: inn]   
circumf]5ce is equal to ! height &  wid?
 requir$2 t is to say1 y mu/ h two      
frames1 ! "o to  "w & f9i% y\r picture  
^u1 ! o!r :]eon ! picture is  to g &    
rema9 :5 f9i%$4 ,! fir/ mu/ be ( su*    
height &  wid?1 z to conta9 betwe5 its  
inn] edges clo? en\gh to cov] !  second4
 ,no "p ( ! clo? y pa9t ov] ought to t\*
 ! wood (  ! frame1 if x did ! wood w\ld

 imbibe "p ( ! wax1 :5 !  picture is    
br\ght ne> ! fire1 & leave ^? p>ts      
imp]fect4          ,,art4 ,,ii4    ,( ! 
col\rs & _! prep>ation4      ,all col\rs
 us$ 9 oil pa9t+ are fit = ?is mann]1 & 
no  o!rs4 ,!re are a few t ought to be  
omitt$2 = reason see !  li/ ( col\rs4   
,gr9d all y\r col\rs v f9e ) simple     
wat]1 allot to e  p>ticul> col\r a      
di/9ct vessel1 su* z gallipots1 pans1 c4
 ,f  y\r col\rs s gr\nd1 compose all !  
diff]5t pr9cipal t9ts1 z  ! nature ( y\r
 int5d$ "w %all require4    ,b1 z mo/ ( 
! col\rs acquire a deep] hue :5 moi/5$1 
&  "s deep] /ill :5 fix$ ) wax1 x w be  
necess>y1 to prev5t  p]plexity 9 !      
execution1 to h a guide = ret\*+1 ei!r  
:5 ! picture is f9i%$ & dry1 be=e !     
op]ation ( ! fire1  or aft] x is fix$2 =
 ?is purpose y may1 be=e y g to "w1  use
 ! foll[+ exp$i5t4    ,take two slips ( 
clo? ab\t a foot long1 & ?ree or f\r    
in*es  wide1 wax !m z be=e m5tion$1 !n  
^u ! "o slip pa9t  ( e "o ( y\r entire  
col\rs#f ab\t an in* high ov] !  :ole   

wid? ( ! clo?1 & ) y\r t9ts already     
compos$ d  ! same ^u ! o!r piece ( clo?1
 accord+ to _! ord] &  degradation2#g   
m>k e t9t ) a numb]1 su* z #a1 #b1 #c1  
c4  write d[n ^u a pap] e numb]1 & :at x
 is compos$ (4 ,?is  done & y\r col\rs s
 appli$ dry1 cut y\r clo? across all !  
t9ts f top to bottom 9 two equal p>ts2  
br+ "o half ( ea*  ne> ! fire1 & by     
melt+ ! wax fix !m1 ! o!r two halves  y 
keep z !y are unfix$4    ,by rejo9+ &   
comp>+ !m toge!r1 y may judge :at /r5g? 
e t9t w acquire1 & by _! reciprocal     
ref]5ces y w  be enabl$ to alt] or      
imitate1 deep5 or height5 ) c]ta9ty1 any
  t9t1 ei!r be=e or aft] ! col\rs are   
fix$4    ,9 pa9t+ be n sp>+2 ! great]   
body ( col\rs y employ1  ! bett] &      
bright] y\r "w w appe>2 y may give      
great]  fre$om to y\r p5cil1 bl5d &     
sweet5 y\r col\rs bett] ?an 9  any o!r  
way ( pa9t+4          ,,art4 ,,iii4     
,h[ to pa9t ov] or alt] any "p be=e !   
picture has be5 ne>  ! fire4      ,if ! 
p>ts ( ! picture y want to ret\* are    

l>ge & !  col\r+ dry1 take a l>ge s(t   
hair p5cil1 & ) wat] g5tly  moi/5 ^?    
places1 or ! :ole picture if y please1 &
 repa9t  till y\r eye is satisfi$4 ,y   
might pa9t ov]1 or alt] any "p  )\t     
moi/5+1 b on a fir/ trial y w\ld n s    
well see  :at y are ab\t4 ,:ile !       
picture is wet x appe>s v ne>  :at x w  
be :5 fix$2 :5 x is dry x looks l a weak
 dead  col\r+ 9 oil4 ,y w see en\gh to  
judge ( ! g5]al effect1  b none ( !     
t5d]] half t9ts w appe> disc]nable en\gh
 to  judge ( !m ) precision4 ,9 l>ge    
pictures :]e ! clo? w be  requir$       
/rong]1 a picture is kept wet ) great   
ease & security1  by moi/5+ x on ! back 
) a l>ge bru% z (t5 z !re is  occasion1 
= ! wat] w soon soak ?r\gh ! texture &  
take  hold ( ! col\rs2 !re is no dang] (
 di/urb+ !m on ! o!r  side ) ! action ( 
! bru%1 by reason ( ! sub/ance ( !      
clo?4          ,,art4 ,,iv4    ,to fix !
 col\rs by melt+ ! wax4      ,:5 y\r    
picture is f9i%$ & dry1 h a good cle>   
fire (  sea-coals1#h approa* y\r picture

 ) ! pa9t$ side t[>ds x1  at ab\t two   
feet di/ance1 let x gr[ w>m by g5tle    
degrees1 always  approa*+ ne>]1 till )9 
a foot di/ance f ! grate1 b  nev] clos]1
 hold+ y\r picture p]p5dicul>ly or a    
little incl9$  z y %all f9d necess>y4   
,if ! picture is l>ge d "o half fir/1   
!n ! o!r2 !re is n ! lea/ difficulty =  
any size4    ,:5 y p]ceive by ! hue &   
%9+ ( ! pa9t$ surface t  all is p]fectly
 absorb$2 !n remove x gradually f ! fire
 z  y advanc$ x1 & y\r picture w be     
done4    ,if y see any place defective =
 want ( a suffici5t quantity (  wax1#i  
put a little f9ely scrap$ wax on ! back 
( t place1 !n  br+ only a r$ hot pok]1  
or "s su* ?+ t[>ds x1 ! wax w           
imm$iately settle 9 its place4 ,if !re  
are _m p>ts s defective1  put scrap+s ( 
wax !re1 & br+ ! :ole picture be=e !    
fire  z above m5tion$4 ,!re is no dang] 
9 br++ ! picture to  ! fire z (t5 z     
requir$1 provid$ y nev] give x too great
  a degree ( heat2 if y d1 ! wax w raise
 9 bubbles ^u !  surface1 & y\r picture 

w look r\gh & unev54    ,advance y\r    
picture nev] too ha/y1 nor retire x too 
quickly2 if  y d ! =m]1 ! sudd5 action (
 ! fire might di/urb "s (  ! col\rs2 if 
! latt]1 ! wax w n retire en\gh )9 !    
texture ( ! clo?1 consequ5tly lye too   
mu* above ! col\rs &  look gl>+4 ,if y  
p]ceive any su* gl>+ spots or places ^u 
y\r picture1 or 79 o!r words7 p>ts t    
appe> v>ni%$ l1  & t appe>ance %\ld     
proce$ f too great a quantity ( wax1    
pa9t ^? places ov] on ! back ) :it5+1 or
 any "o ( y\r  o!r col\rs1 & :5 dry br+ 
! picture ne> ! fire1 z above  m5tion$1 
& ^? col\rs or :it5+ w imbibe ! ov]plus 
(  ! wax4 ,repeat t if requir$4         
,,art4 ,v4    ,h[ to ret\* or pa9t ov]  
any "p aft] ! col\rs are fix$4      ,put
 ^u y\r pallette su* ( y\r t9ts z w be  
fit = ! place or  p>ts y want to alt] or
 pa9t ov]1 temp] & employ !m ) a  little
 _s ( w9e2#aj repa9t1 & br+ ! picture to
 ! fire  z (t5 z requir$1 & ^? ret\*$   
p>ts w become fix$ l  any o!r "p ( !    
picture4      ,obs]vations on article ! 

fir/4    ,z l95 clo? is ! mat]ial mo/   
commonly & pref]ably us$1 z  ! fitte/ & 
mo/ conv5i5t to pa9t ^u1 ,i *ose to give
 "u  ,article ! fir/1 directions = t    
purpose only2 = ?\gh !  wax & col\rs may
 be appli$ to clo? & o!r mat]ials 9     
sev]al  diff]5t mann]s1 ,i1 n to bewild]
 ! beg9n]s 9 multiplicities  on a fir/  
sett+ out1 gave & recomm5d t1 :i*       
besides its  be+ ! likelie/ to be mo/   
practis$1 is ! be/ = solidity1  & w     
prove to e practition] ! easie/1 mo/    
agreeable1  exp$iti\s & conv5i5t =      
execution4    ,b n to deprive ! arti/s &
 curi\s ( ! sev]al means &  me?ods t may
 be practis$ = & t[>ds ! same end1 ,i   
%all  "h give "s ( ! pr9cipal ones1 z   
well = pa9t+ ^u canvas  z ^u wood1      
plai/]1 c4 b fir/ ( all ,i %all consid] 
& treat  ,c\nt ,,caylus',s sy/em a      
little m at l>ge1 & %ew :y ,i h  deviat$
 f x 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & leave ! arti/ at 
lib]ty  to adopt & practise :i* suits   
him be/4    ,! ,c\nt's me?od = prep>+ ! 
clo? consi/s1 9 /ret*+ x  ^u a frame1 & 

hold+ x horizontally ov]1 or            
p]p5dicul>ly  be=e a fire 7at a di/ance 
conv5i5t & proportionable to !  degree (
 heat x ca/s7 & rubb+ x ) a piece ( wax2
 :i*1  melt+ gradually z x is rubb$ on1 
diffuses itself1 p5etrates  ! body1 &   
fills ! int]/ices ( ! texture ( ! clo?1 
:i* :5 cool1 is fit to pa9t ^u2 b1 z    
wat] col\rs w n  adh]e regul>ly fl[+ &  
connect$ly to ! wax1 ,he1 to rem$y  ?is 
inconv5i5cy1 makes use ( an int]m$iate  
body1 viz4 *alk or  :it5+1 ) :i* he rubs
 ov] t surface ( ! wax$ canvas he       
int5ds to pa9t ^u1 & !n ! col\rs w      
easily fl[ ov] &  adh]e to x4    ,n[1   
?\gh ?is way ( proce$+ is v simple &    
successfully  practicable = small       
subjects2--= in/ance1--su* z ! head  (  
,diana1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,abb's lett]1 or any
 o!r t may be  f9i%$ 9 a c\ple ( h\rs1 &
 :ile ! col\rs ^u ! canvas  reta9       
moi/ure2 yet1 to execute pictures ( a   
l>g] size &  composition1 :i* w require 
_m a day's lab\r & application1  & :]e( 
no "p c be f9i%$ positively at ! fir/   

onset1 ?is  mann] ( manag+ x w n answ] s
 well1 z t giv5 "u ,art4  ! fir/1 = !   
foll[+ reasons4    ,fir/4 ,9 pa9t+ ^u ! 
wax by virtue ( ! :it5+1 y  w n h t     
conv5i5cy ( ret\*+ or alt]+ ( any "p1  &
 be=e ! col\rs are fix$1 s well1 z pa9t+
 ^u ! raw  & b>e canvas w af=d y2       
because ! texture & fibres (  ! clo? be+
 ?or\ghly invad$ by ! wax1 !re rema9s   
no?+  = wat] col\rs to fix or adh]e to1 
capable to reta9 !m2 ^?  col\rs once    
dry1 ! slighte/ t\* ( a moi/ p5cil w1 z 
x  71 attract !m1 & frequ5tly make &    
leave a b>e spot2 s  t 9 attempt+ to    
ret\*1 in/ead ( add+ fre% col\rs1 y  w  
fet* (f ! old ones3 = ?\gh ! r\gh edg$  
p>ticles (  ! *alk facilitate to ! fir/ 
col\rs an adhesion ^u ! smoo?  body wax 
yet1 wat] ! vehicle ( ! col\rs1 be+ !   
m5/ruum (  *alk1 by discompos+ x de/roys
 "p ( its p[] & virtue1 &  r5d]s x      
incapable to p]=m ! fir/ s]vice a second
 "t4    ,secondly4 ,^u canvas fully     
imbib$ ) wax1 y c nei!r use s  great a  
body ( col\rs1 nor employ !m ) su*      

fre$om1 boldness1  or delicacy z y may  
^u clo?1 ^: texture is n pre-occupi$  ) 
wax--! reason is obvi\s--! "o has its   
pores & int]/ices  fill$ up ) wax2 !    
o!r's y mu/ fill up ) col\rs4 ,clo?1  a 
firm spungy body or sub/ance1 9 suck+ 9 
! wat] attracts !  col\rs along ) x into
 its pores1 & !reby facilitates !  firm 
& delicate /rokes2 & ! col\rs mix+ &    
adh]+ to its  numb]less fibres1 w n come
 (f on ret\*+1 be=e ! picture  is fix$2 
y may *]i% or leave y\r "w at pleasure  
)\t  detrim5t or inconv5i5cy aris+ f t4 
,advantages t clo?  pre-occupi$ ) wax is
 incapable (4    ,?irdly & la/ly4 ,by   
pa9t+ on canvas prep>$ accord+ to  !    
directions ( ,art4 ! fir/1 y\r works w  
be m solid &  la/+1 because ! col\rs w n
 simply lay ^u ! surface (  ! wax1 b    
clo?1 wax & col\rs w make b "o          
individual  body4--,?us mu* on my       
deviation f ,c\nt ,,caylus',s sy/em1 9  
reg>d  to ! prep>ation ( ! clo?4    ,=  
pa9t+ ^u walls or plai/] :]e ! wax _c be
 appli$ on  ! back1 ! ,c\nt's sy/em mu/ 

be practis$2 x w succe$ well2  ! r\gh & 
gritty gra9 ( ! plai/] w take & reta9 a 
suffici5t quantity ( col\rs to insure   
solidity2 ! only diff]5ce  betwe5 pa9t+ 
^u clo? & plai/] consi/s 9 ?is2 pa9t+   
^u canvas y c f9i% y\r picture entirely 
be=e y fix x2  9 pa9t+ ^u plai/]1 y mu/ 
proce$ z y d 9 pa9t+ )  oil-col\rs1 viz4
 fir/1 dead col\r y\r subject & fix x1 &
 !n  pa9t x ov] aga9 & f9i% x1 ei!r by  
virtue ( ! *alk1 or  by temp]+ & employ+
 ! col\rs ) "s _s1 or oil (  turp5t9e4  
,y may too pa9t & ret\* ) crayons4      
,^u wood1 /one1 & metals1--y mu/ proce$ 
z y d ^u  plai/]2 b z !re is no gra9 y  
mu/ procure an artificial "o1  aft] y\r 
bo>d is wax$1 by lay+ on a gr\nd ( any  
col\r mix$  ) half *alk & fix x#aa2 ^u  
?is y may pa9t ) wat]  col\rs or        
crayons1 z sweetly z ^u canvas4    ,to  
pa9t ^u pap]2--y mu/ h a smoo? bo>d1 or 
copp]-plate (  a conv5i5t size1 & well  
wax$2 ^u ?is y fa/5 y\r pap] by  !      
corn]s & pa9t ^u2 ! col\rs dry1 pres5t x
 to ! fire1  & ! wax und]nea? ! pap]    

melt+1 w soak & p5etrate  ?r\gh & fix ! 
col\rs2 ?is me?od may be successfully   
practis$  ) clo?4    ,!re are two m     
me?ods rema9+ to be practis$ on clo? &  
pap]2 b z !y make "p ( ! sy/em = pa9t+ )
 crayons1  & w be describ$ "u t head1 ,i
 omit to m5tion !m "h4      ,obs]vations
 on ,article ! second4    ,9 gr9d+ !    
col\rs ^u ! /one1 & manag+ !m ^u !      
pallette1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to use an  
iron knife1 ! /eel  or iron t gr9ds (f1 
9 mix+ ) ! col\rs spoils _!  brightness 
& vivacity2 flake-:ite & :ite-lead1     
yell[-ok]1  lacque & light-r$1 suff]    
greatly by x1 x gives !m a dull &  dirty
 ca/2 ,naples-yell[ suff]s mo/ ( all f  
x2 its vivacity  is entirely de/roy$ by 
! iron's t\*+ x4 ,horn1 ivory1 or       
tortoise %ell knives1 or wood5 spatulas 
are fitt] = all mann] (  pa9t+2 !y w    
affect no col\rs2 iron knives h de/roy$ 
_m  a t5d] complexion 9 oil-col\rs2 =1 !
 oil once dry1 ! iron  gr\nd (f f !     
knife & mix$ 9 ! col\rs w be conv]t$    
into ru/ by ! moi/ure ( ! air4--,?o' ?is

 little h9t is =eign  to our pres5t     
subject1 x w p]haps n be unacceptable to
 my  bre?r54--,x is an ess5tial po9t 9  
an ar*itect to be acqua9t$  ) !         
qualities & prop]ties ( ! mat]ials he   
builds )1 if  8 plan & /ile1            
dispositions1 proportions1 c4 be ev] s  
good1  noble1 gr& & graceful1 yet if 8  
fabric falls d[n z soon z  built1 we are
 b little behold5 to 8 skill4--,v&yke1  
,i believe1  nev] us$ an iron knife1 if 
he _h he w\ld n h pa9t$ a spatula  (    
horn 9 "o ( 8 pictures1 :]e9 all !      
ut5sils ( a pa9t]  accompany 8 own      
figure4--           99       99       99
       99       99    ,! exp$i5t        
recomm5d$ "u ,art4 ! second1 = e/abli%+ 
a  /&>d = all ! diff]+ pr9cipal t9ts t  
may be requir$ =  any subject1 w be (   
use to !m :o are n mu* acqua9t$ )  pa9t+
 9 wat] col\rs2 & to ladies & g5tlem51  
:o pa9t+  only n[ & !n = _! amusem5t1 _c
 h s ?or\gh a  k ( ! value ( ea* col\r1 
& might !re=e be at a loss  h[ to ret\*1
 aft] ! col\rs are fix$4    ,to make !  

directions giv5 = t purpose m           
intelligible1 &  to po9t out ! use ( su*
 a /&>d--let u suppose--! annex$  copp] 
plate figure ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 to be a    
piece ( clo?1 ab\t a foot  long & ?ree  
or f\r in*es wide1 wax$ on ! back1 z    
direct$  "u ,art4 ! fir/1 & ! divisions 
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4 c4 be  ! t9ts   
pa9t$1 accord+ to _! ord] & degradation1
 across  ! :ole wid? ( ! clo? ,a4 ,b4 ^!
 t9ts dry1 cut ! piece (  clo? across   
all ! t9ts f top ,e4 to bottom ,f4 9 two
 equal p>ts1  br+ ! "o half ,a ,c ne> ! 
fire1 & by melt+ ! wax fix x1  ! o!r    
half ,b ,d y keep z x is unfix$4    ,n[1
 ! half ,a ,c be+ fix$1 w %ew y at "o   
glance :at  /r5g? e t9t w acquire2 & if 
y moi/5 aga9 ! o!r  half ,b ,d1 or pa9t 
! same t9ts ^u a fre% piece ( clo?1 y w 
see :i* are ! col\rs t gr[ deep] /ill1  
fix$ ) wax ?an  !y appe> :5 only moi/5$ 
) wat]1 & ! ref]5ces #a #b #c #d  #e c4 
tell+ y :at ea* t9t is compos$ (1 y w be
 enabl$ to  am5d any "o t might be      
amiss4 ,f>!r1 :5 y\r picture w be  fix$ 

& x %\ld want ret\*+1 & y %\ld be at a  
loss =  hitt+ ( ! t9t or hue requir$ = t
 purpose1--br+ only !  fix$ half ,a ,c  
^u ! picture & comp>e !m1 & y w easily  
f9d :at y want2 aga91 if y want to r5ew 
any t9t t is sp5t1  f9d t t9t ^u !      
picture1 ) ! fix$ half ,a ,c1 :5 f\nd   
comp>e x to1 & moi/5 its fell[ ^u !     
unfix$ half ,b ,d1 &  t w give y aga9 ! 
orig9al hue1 & ! ref]5ces #a #b #c #d   
c4 w tell y :at t t9t is pr9cipally     
compos$ (4    ,illu/ration    ,?o'      
pr(ess$ arti/s 7^: long exp]i5ce enables
 !m to judge  ( ! value ( ea* col\r7 w n
 h absolute occasion = !  comp>ative use
 ( su* a /&>d1 yet !y w n d amiss to    
make  an essay ( _! t9ts be=e !y employ 
!m4      ,obs]vations on ,article !     
?ird4    ,! be+ able to "w & ret\* at   
pleasure1 & at any "t1  )\t fatigu+ !   
col\rs1 or any o!r detrim5t aris+ f x1  
is an advantage peculi> to encau/ic     
only2 =1 ! new col\rs w  unite ) ! old  
ones )\t mak+ spots1 z is ! case 9      
common  size-pa9t+2 nor w !re be t      

inconv5i5cy ( rubb+ !  places to be     
ret\*$ ov] ) oil1 z is ! case ) oil     
pictures2  ! only seem+ difficulty to a 
beg9n]1 w consi/ 9 ! col\rs  gr[+ pal] &
 weak] 9 dry+1 b z a picture is easily  
kept  wet1 by moi/5+ x n[ & !n z above  
direct$1 ! difficulty  vani%es4         
,pictures ( any size may easily be kept 
wet = sev]al days1  by apply+ a d\ble   
wet clo? on ! back2 b a little practice 
w  r5d] t precaution unnecess>y4    ,e  
body 9 ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) col\rs1 kn[s t 
wat]  col\rs1 temp]$ or employ$ ei!r )  
gum or size1 gr[ pal] &  light] 9 dry+1 
& t !y acquire _! true tone only :5     
dry2--9 encau/ic !y gr[ pal] & light]   
too 9 dry+1 b  !y rec$e f & lose _! true
 tone4--,encau/ic is ! rev]se  (        
size-pa9t+ z to effect1 :ile y are at "w
 & ! col\rs  wet2--( ! latt] y _c judge 
positively until ! col\rs are  dry2 ( ! 
=m] y c only judge :ile ! col\rs are    
wet1 or  :i* is ! same1 :5 fix$ ) ! wax4
      ,obs]vations on ,article ! f\r?4  
,! mo/ ess5tial po9t 9 encau/ic--! fix+ 

( ! col\rs--is  ! simple/ & easie/ =    
pa9t+s ( any size1 moveable or          
immoveable4 ,a surface ( =ty feet may be
 fix$ z conv5i5tly z  a picture ( twelve
 in*es2 = if ! pa9t+ be too l>ge to be  
br\ght ne> ! fire1 or immoveable on a   
wall1 br+ t ag5t to !  pa9t+2----a squ>e
 copp] or iron *e/1 or box1 su* z       
commonly  us$ = w>m+ or air+ ( b$s1 ) a 
r$ hot iron or light$  *>coal 9 x1 w d !
 bus9ess admirably well1 by pass+ x 9  a
 direction p>allel to & be=e ! pa9t$    
surface1 at a di/ance  proportionable to
 ! degree ( heat x ca/s1--a brasi]      
ambulant1  ) a cov] to prev5t ! a%es f  
fly+ ab\t1 ) *>coal  well light$1 w     
answ] ! end too1 by incl9+ ! picture ov]
  x1--an in/rum5t ( iron l a bak]'s     
%ovel1 ) a long h&le  & made r$ hot1 w  
p]=m ! same s]vice1 if wav$ 9 a p>allel 
direction be=e ! pa9t$ surface2 & by    
heat+ x aga91 :5  gr[n cool1 ) su* an   
in/rum5t "o may fix pa9t+s ( !  l>ge/   
size2 x matt]s n if ! :ole be fix$ at   
once1 or 9 p>ts  at diff]5t times4    ,!

 directions = rectify+ ( any defects    
aris+ f too small a  quantity ( wax1 are
 s cle>1 simple & suffici5t1 t !y want  
b little explanation or addition2 only1 
y may in/ead ( wax simple  use wax      
dissolv$ 9 su* a quantity ( oil (       
turp5t9e1 z to make  x :5 cool1 flu5t   
en\gh to be employ$ ) a bru% on ! back (
  ! picture1 :i*1 :5 br\ght to ! fire1 !
 wax w settle )  ! col\rs1 & ! turp5t9e 
w fly (f4    ,my say+ "u ! above article
 t ! sudd5 action ( ! fire  might di/urb
 "s ( ! col\rs1 mu/ n be und]/ood 9     
reg>d  to ! wax1 b 9 reg>d to ! nature (
 ! col\rs1 :i*1 if !  picture be br\ght 
too ne> ! fire at once1 w be scor*$ be=e
  ! wax c melt & p5etrate ! texture to  
scre5 & secure !m4      ,obs]vations on 
,art4 ! fif? & la/4    ,! facility &    
conv5i5cy = ret\*+ a picture aft] !     
col\rs  are fix$1 )\t ! new col\rs      
diff]+ f ! hue ( ! old  ones1 is an     
advantage no o!r mann] ( pa9t+ is       
possess$ (4    ,9 oil pa9t+ y _c d x s  
well except y pa9t ov] l>ge  p>ts1      

because ! col\rs 9 dry+ acquire a yell[]
 hue1 ?an !y  h :ile fre%2 !re w always 
be a diff]5ce betwe5 ! v  same t9ts2    
besides1 oil pictures are frequ5tly     
greasy-l & refuse  ! new col\rs1 s t y  
are oblig$ to rub ^? p>ts ) oil1  to    
make ! new col\rs adh]e to & fl[ ov] !  
old ones1 :i*  rubb+ ) oil v (t5 makes a
 dull & yell[ spot :5 !  col\rs are dry2
 9 size-pa9t+ x is worse1 ret\*+s !re 9 
g5]al appe> h>d1 & 9 l>ge masses ( a    
uni=m col\r1--su*  z sky's--produce     
spots4----,encau/ic is free f all t2 y  
may  glaze ) a body ( col\rs z ?9 & z   
transp>5t z y please1  )\t y\r col\rs   
*ang+ ( tone4 ,by ret\*+ ) crayons ^u  !
 fix$ col\rs1 ! sweete/ effects may be  
produc$ 9 l&scapes  & figures2 nay1 =   
ret\*+ only "h & !re1 ,i %\ld pref]     
crayons4 ,= in/ance--to f9i% a head1--& 
give ! decisive  /rokes ab\t ! eye1 m\?1
 hair1 & %>p folds ( l951 c4 9          
l&scapes--= ! extremities ( trees1 c4 ! 
sm>t t\* ( a  crayon w be pref]able to !
 p5cil4    ,:5 y\r picture is entirely  

f9i%$1 & y %\ld want to give  ! canvas m
 solidity1 y may pa9t x ov] on ! back ) 
any  col\r or t9t1 & br+ x aga9 & = !   
la/ "t to ! fire1  to fix t col\r2 if y 
appreh5d !re is n wax en\gh1 apply a    
little dissolv$ 9 _s ( turp5t9e1 z      
m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+  obs]vations on ,art4 
iv4 ?is fix$ take y\r picture (f f !    
frame1 & /ret* x ^u t :]eon x is to     
rema94    ,hav+ n[ done ) ! process =   
pa9t+ 9 encau/ic ) !  p5cil1 :i* not)/&+
 its simplicity might appe> to "s       
beg9n]s intricate1 because ,i po9t$ out 
all ! difficulties t  possibly may occur
 9 ! execution1--to com=t & enc\rage ^? 
t might ?9k ! task h>d1 ,i %all         
recapitulate1 & r$uce !  :ole )9 ?is    
compass4--,/ret* a piece ( clo? ^u a    
frame1 rub  ! back ( t clo? ) wax1 pa9t 
y\r subject on ! o!r side1  ) col\rs    
prep>$ & temp]$ ) wat]1 & :5 dry br+ !  
picture ne> ! fire1 & by melt+ ! wax fix
 ! col\rs4    ,n4 ,b4 ,i might h said   
mu* m1 & dwelt long] on sev]al          
p>ticul>s2 b z ! only aim ( ?is treatise

 is to communicate !  discov]y to       
arti/s1 & o!rs already acqua9t$ ) !     
managem5t  ( col\rs1 & n to =m pupils f 
beg9n+1 ,i omitt$ say+ any  ?+ ( compos+
 ! t9ts & dispos+ ! col\rs on !         
pallette1  c4 ,e arti/ may g on 9 8     
accu/om$ me?od2 ! use ( all !  col\rs is
 9 encau/ic z 9 oil1 z may be se5 by !  
foll[+ li/4    ,! direction = pa9t+ )   
crayons w illu/rate "s passages  ( !    
=ego+ process1 & :at o!r advantages     
encau/ic pa9t+  w h ov] oil & size-pa9t+
 w be %ewn by conclusions drawn  f !    
exp]im5ts4      ,! end ( ! fir/ "p4     
,,li/ ( ! ,,col\rs    ,to be ,,us$ =    
,pa9t+ 9 ,encau/ic2    ,,z ,,also ,,=   
,,!    ,,compos+ ( ! ,,crayons4         
,,:ite4    ,flake-:ite1 & :ite-lead1 or 
c]uss4    ,= pa9t+ 9 encau/ic1 ,i mix   
always bo? toge!r half & half2          
flake-:ite alone is subject to raise too
 mu* little bubbles 9  employ+ x ) wat]1
 :i* ! admixture ( ! o!r prev5ts2       
besides1 bo? toge!r make a bett] & m    
solid body2 ?o'  flake-:ite is ! :ite/ (

 ! two1 to use ei!r alone ,i %\ld  pref]
 ! second4 ,! ,v5etian or ,dalmatian    
:ite-lead is by f>  ! be/ = all mann] ( 
pa9t+2 be+ prep>$ ) a pur] &  subtl]    
acid x is :it] & pur] ?an any o!r       
:atsoev]1 &  pref]able to flake-:ite2   
next to x is ! ,g]man or ,dut*2 ,fr5*   
or ,engli% c]uss are 9 g5]al b          
indiff]5t1 9 exp]im5ts ,i  frequ5tly    
f\nd ! latt] to h "o ?ird ( m>le or *alk
 9 its  composition2 :i* is ! cause (   
its gr[+ s soon yell[1 dull  & dirty 9  
oil4    ,9 compos+ ( ! crayons x w be   
well to obs]ve ! above  m5tion$         
proportion ( half & half1 z by ! do+ s1 
mu* pipe  clay w n be requir$ to b9d !m4
      ,,yell[s4      ,naples-yell[1     
,light-ok]1    ,br[n-ok]1               
,yell[-orpim5t1 or1    ,k+'s-yell[1     
,r$-orpim5t1    are all p]fectly good & 
necess>y = our purpose4    ,naples-yell[
 is ! only col\r t ought to be us$ 9    
compos+  ! t5d]] fle% t9ts ( wom52 x    
proves a v t5d]1 bright  & beautiful    
la/+ col\r = all mann] ( pa9t+1 if      

prop]ly  prep>$ & manag$1 if n1 a dirty1
 weak & trea*]\s "o1 &  p>ticul>ly 9    
oil4 ,x is a m9]al comp\nd ( lead1      
antimony1  sulphur1 & "s ars5ic1 :i*    
latt] is ! cause ( its *ang+1  & hurt+  
o!r col\rs1 & p>ticul>ly ! :ite1 s mu*  
compla9$ ( by ! pa9t]s4    ,?\gh ?is    
yell[ fix$ ) wax w n *ange2 yet x w n be
  amiss to ins]t a me?od to clean1 &    
purify x1 s z to r5d] x  beautiful &    
la/+ = oil & o!r uses4 ,to clean x d z  
foll[s4    ,take crude ,naples-yell[1 7!
 heavie/ = bulk is ! be/7 & break  x    
into small pieces ) ! mallet ^u ! gr9d+ 
/one1 put x  9 a clean e>!n vessel1 &   
p\r ov] x a quantity ( new milk1        
suffici5t to cov] x ?ree or f\r in*es   
ov]1 /irr+ x well =  "s "t ) a wood5    
spatula or /ick2 !n let all toge!r /&   
undi/urb$ = five or six days1 & ! milk w
 become ?ick &  s\r1 & ma/] by its      
acidity ! noxi\s sal9e pr9ciples ( !    
col\r2 hav+ /ood ! abovem5tion$ "t1 take
 (f ! creamy "p  f ! top ( ! milk1 & p\r
 w>m wat] ^u x1 & let !  vessel ov]fl[  

till y p]ceive ! wat] to come (f z cle> 
z  :5 p\r$ on1 & ! col\r w be purifi$ & 
fit = use4    ,light-ok]1 a precipitat$1
 f]ug9\s e>?1 answ]s 9 encau/ic all  !  
purposes x does 9 oil4    ,br[n-ok]1 a  
precipitat$ f]ug9\s e>? too1 only x     
p>takes a  little ( a vitriol9e         
pr9ciple1 :i* ! light-ok] does n4 ,9    
encau/ic ?is col\r answ]s all ! purposes
 x does 9 oil4    ,yell[ orpim5t1 or    
k+'s-yell[4 ,! pr9cipal con/itu5t       
p>ticles  ( ?is col\r are1 sulphur &    
ars5ic1 :i* latt] prevails &  makes     
great havock among ! o!r col\rs :5 us$ 9
 oil2 x _c  play ! same tricks fix$ )   
wax2 wax be+ a clos] & unv>iable  body1 
conf9es its ars5ical pr9ciple4 ,oil once
 dry ceases to be oil1  & c conf9e !m no
 long]4    ,r$-orpim5t1 s call$ to      
di/+ui% x f ! o!r1 is prop]ly  n r$1 b (
 a ri* orange col\r1 & is a comp\nd (   
ars5ic &  sulphur too2 b "h sulphur     
prevails1 :i* is ! reason ( its  /&+ its
 gr\nd bett] & do+ less h>m 9 oil ?an ! 
o!r4    ,9 encau/ic x is ( univ]sal use1

 ?r\gh\t a :ole picture to give  w>m? to
 lights & %ades2 9 l&scapes x may be us$
 f !  horizon d[n to ! =e gr\nd1 to good
 purpose2 = %ades 9 fle%  x is          
admirable1 x gives a cle>1 s(t &        
transp>5t /r5g?2 9  ! v]dure ( l&scapes 
x answ]s all ! ends = br[n-p9k1 :5  mix$
 ) a little bone black4    ,?is col\r is
 v conspicu\s 9 all ! w>m] l&scapes (   
,claude  ,lorra9e2 ,mr4 ,v]net a fam\s  
,fr5* pa9t] uses x v mu*4      ,,p9ks4  
,light-p9k1 & br[n-p9k4    ,^! two      
col\rs ought r n be us$1 z !y bo? proce$
  f ! same vegetable pr9ciple1 viz4 !   
juice or extract got by  decoction f    
,fr5* b]ries by ! help ( acid salts2    
consequ5tly  incapable to sympa?ise ) or
 admit wax into _! pores#ab2 !  wax c   
take hold ( !m only sup]ficially1 :i*   
makes !m appe>  dry & gritty ^u !       
picture1 & w easily come (f by rubb+  !m
 ) "o's f+]4 ,^? arti/s :o _c d )\t !m1 
w d well to gr9d !m1 ! light-p9k ) a    
little light-ok]1  & br[n-p9k ) a little
 br[n-ok]1 & !y w keep a little  bett]2 

b r$-orpim5t & a little bone black1 mak+
 z f9e a p9k  z t prop]ly s call$1 x w  
be be/ to use ! latt]4      ,,r$s4      
,lake1    ,v]milion1 or    ,c9nab>1     
,m9ium1 or    ,r$-lead1    ,light-r$1 or
    ,light-ok] calc9$    ,br[n-r$1 or   
,br[n-ok] calc9$    ,indian-r$1    are  
all prop]ly qualifi$ = encau/ic4    ,c>e
 mu/ be tak5 to h ! lake good2 t :i* is 
commonly sold  "u ! "n ( ,flor5ce       
lacque1 & recomm5d$ z ! be/1 is 9  g5]al
 ! wor/2 x is usually 9 small h>d gra9s1
 :i* h>dness  is ow+ to gum arabic1 or  
:at is worse1 to t glut9\s sub/ance  :i*
 oozes out f ! *]ry tree1 put 9 by !    
fabricant 7( !  lake7 to b9d & keep !   
gra9s toge!r1 & make x appe> bett]      
m]*&ise ?an x really is2 su* lake w     
scale (f f !  canvas2 ! gum x is        
impregnat$ ) h9d]s ! wax f p5etrat+  its
 pores--e body kn[s t lacque is made (  
co*9eal2 !re  is a ba/>d lake made (    
,brazil wood1 b t is easily kn[n by its 
dullness4 ,! be/ lake = our purpose is t
 :i* is ( a f9e1  cle>1 deep hue1 easily

 to be brok5 & crumbl$ betwe5 ! f+]s4   
,! f9e/ & be/ lacque ,i ev] saw & us$1  
is made "h 9 ,engl&  by an +5i\s arti/ 9
 ! seal engrav+ way4    ,v]milion1 or   
c9nab>1 answ]s 9 encau/ic all ! purposes
 x does  9 oil4    ,m9ium1 w be (       
inf9ite s]vice = pa9t+ ) ! p5cil &      
crayons2 x w n *ange fix$ ) wax1 z x    
does 9 oil2 x  may be us$ to advantage 9
 "s c>nations or fle% t9ts2 & 9         
l&scapes to enliv5 ! ok]1 = great       
lights4    ,light-r$1 or light-ok]      
calc9$1 is ( ! same univ]sal use 9 ?is  
mann] ( pa9t+ z x is 9 oil1 or common   
wat] col\rs4    ,br[n-r$1 or br[n-ok]   
calc9$1 may be employ$ = ! same use z  9
 oil1 or di/emp] pa9t+4    ,indian-r$1 !
 ,fr5* call ?is col\r1 ,t]re            
d',anglet]re1 ,engli%  e>?2 ?is col\r is
 p>ticul>ly useful = di/ances1 x makes !
  degradation ( objects light & airy4   
,,t]ra ,,di ,,si5a1 & ,,t]ra ,,v]te1    
,t]ra di ,si5a1 a yell[ h>d & clayi%    
sub/ance1 s call$ f !  city ( ,si5a 9   
,italy1 f :5ce x comes4    ,?is col\r is

 v unfit to be us$ crude1 ei!r = pa9t+ 9
  encau/ic or crayons1 its pores are too
 close = ! wax to p5etrate2  or to say  
bett]1 ?is col\r or e>? is v mu*        
impregnat$ ) a  nitr\s pr9ciple1 ) :i*  
wax _c sympa?ise1 & = ?is v  reason x is
 z unfit to be us$ crude 9 oil4 ,^?     
pa9t]s t use  x freely h always b too   
mu* reason to rep5t4 ,b1    ,t]ra di    
,si5a calc9$1 is a v beautiful & useful 
col\r =  all mann] ( pa9t+1 & p>ticul>ly
 encau/ic4 ,! fire hav+  dispell$ 9 "s  
measure ! nitr\s pr9ciple1 ! wax may    
freely  ent] its pores4 ,?is col\r gives
 a great1 s(t1 & gl[+ /r5g?  9 fle%1    
drap]y & l&scape2 "s pa9t]s call ?is    
col\r ,roman  ok]4    ,t]ra v]te2 ?is   
col\r too comes to u f ,italy1 & "s f   
,g]many1 !y are bo? alike1 & ought to be
 entirely bani%$ !  pallette1 z x gr[s s
 soon dirty & black :5 employ$ ) oil4   
,t]ra v]te diff]s f t]ra di ,si5a 9     
little else b col\r1  x has a little    
vitriol4 ,! too free use "s ( ! old]    
,italian  pa9t]s made ( ?is col\r 9 fle%

 t9ts1 is ! cause t numb]s  ( pictures (
 ^? ma/]s are s black z we see !m at ?is
 "t4      ,,blues4      ,ultram>9e1     
,prussian blue1    ,smalt4    ,ultram>9e
 is p]fectly good1 & e body t likes to  
use x may  d s4    ,prussian blue1      
equals ultram>9e 9 encau/ic1 = all      
int5ts &  purposes2 !re is no o!r blue  
requir$ = crayons nei!r4    ,smalt may  
be us$1 b ,i ?9k x r too gritty2 its    
p>ticles are  too transp>5t = p>ts :]e a
 solid mass ( col\r is requir$4  ,=     
crayons x does v well mix$ ) ,prussian  
blue to b9d x1 bo?  toge!r make a       
beautiful col\r1 ! gritt9ess ( smalt w  
!re be  ( advantage4 ,?is col\r w n gr[ 
black fix$ ) wax z x does  9 oil4       
,,blacks4      ,ivory ,black1    ,bone  
,black1    ,blue ,black1    h all !     
necess>y qualifications to be employ$4  
,ivory black may be employ$ = all ! uses
 made ( x 9 oil4    ,blue black is      
p>ticul>ly necess>y = l&scapes2 ! blue  
black  g5]ally sold at ! col\r %ops is  
commonly made ( w9e /alks2 b  blue black

 made ( pea*1 apricot1 or plum-/ones    
calc9$1 is by f>  ! be/2 x is n s loose 
& spungy z ! =m]1 its col\r too  is f9]4
    ,bone black is ! mo/ valuable ( !   
black tribe = sweetness1 &  a transp>5t 
w>m? = l&scapes & figures2 bone black & 
:ite  alone w make s(t] & m natural     
turn+ t9ts ?an any o!r  col\rs c        
produce2 ! ,flemi% pa9t]s use x v mu* = 
glaz+4    ,?is black mix$ ) a little    
t]ra di ,si5a calc9$1 makes !  /ronge/ &
 sweete/ %ades t c be obta9$ ) col\rs4  
,! be/ is made ( ! bones ( mutton       
trott]s calc9$4      ,,coll5s ,,e>?4    
,a d>k blacki% br[n & some:at bitum9\s  
e>?1 incl9+ a little  t[>ds purple1 is a
 v good col\r1 & ( s+ul> use :]e        
extraord9>y /r5g? is requir$ 9 =e       
gr\nds4      ,,umbra1 ,crude & calc9$4  
,a useful col\r en\gh = common purposes2
 "s pa9t]s use x =  %ades 9 fle%1 b v   
improp]ly1 = x is a v raw col\r crude   
or calc9$1 & only fit to be us$ 9 drap]y
 or back gr\nds4    ,^! are all ! col\rs
 t ought to be us$ = pa9t+ 9  encau/ic1 

) ! p5cil2 !re are a few m t might be   
employ$  9 ?is mann]1 b z !y are r      
inf]ior 9 quality1 or only  comp\nds (  
^? already m5tion$1 ,i omit !m2 a few1 n
 commonly  us$ 9 oil pa9t+ t not)/&+    
might be us$ 9 encau/ic1 ,i  %all m5tion
 "u ! article ( crayons1 z !y belong m  
to1 &  are m useful 9 t way4            
,,encau/ic2    ,,or1    ,me?od ( pa9t+ )
 & fix+ ( ! ,,crayons4      ,! me?od (  
pa9t+ ) & fix+ ( ! crayons comes n only 
)9 ! s5se ( encau/ic1 b is ! v self-same
 ?+4 ,!  :ole proce$+ is f\nd$ ^u !     
=ego+ pr9ciple2 ! same  mat]ials & ag5t 
are requir$4--,! only diff]5ce betwe5   
pa9t+  9 encau/ic ) ! p5cil1 & pa9t+ 9  
encau/ic ) crayons1  consi/s 9 employ+ !
 col\rs2 9 ! =m]--y pa9t )  col\rs      
temp]$ ) wat]2 9 ! latt]--y employ1 &   
pa9t )  ! same col\rs dry2 ! effect &   
solidity w be equal & !  same 9 bo?4--  
99       99       99       99       99  
,! encomiums ,i be/[$ ^u ! p5cil+ sy/em1
 are applicable  to t ( ! crayons2 ,i   
%all say no?+ m2 exp]i5ce w  be ! be/   

panegyri/4 ,i am afraid crayons1 z      
seem+ly ! less  tr\blesome1 w c>ry !    
gold5 apple2 ,i w n anticipate !        
decision ( ! public4--,i %all give !    
h9t1 & my fell[ arti/s  may make use ( x
 z !y please4--           99       99   
99       99       99    ,z ! sy/em (    
encau/ic = ! p5cil is ! p>5t ( t =  !   
crayons1 & z bo? may be happily bl5d$ & 
jo9tly practis$  to good purpose1 ,i    
%all1 to avoid tiresomely repeat+ ! same
  ?+ ov] aga91 ref] ! read] to ! =m]    
process :5ev]  simil>ities ( proce$+    
occur2 !y1 besides comm5t+ ea* o!r1  w  
op5 to ! m timor\s arti/ a fre] field ( 
action4 ,z ,i did  9 ! =m]1 s %all ,i 9 
?is1 give t me?od ( proce$+1  :i* by    
exp]i5ce ,i f\nd to be ! be/4    ,?\gh  
?is sy/em did n ent] 9 ! orig9al plan ( 
publication  ) ! o!r1 & ,i int5d$ to    
)old x f ! public a little  long]1 to   
see :at reception ! =m] %\ld meet )2 yet
 z x  got v5t by %ew+ x to few fri5ds1 &
 a g5tleman (f]+ me 79  8 op9ion7 a     
consid]able rew>d to dispose ( ! secret 

9 8  fav\r only1 ,i1 to prev5t "s mod]n 
,,pl9y's ca/+ m direct  reflexions ^u   
me1 )\t my hav+ ! skill ( ,apelles to   
uphold my  reputation1 at lea/ ?\ght    
prop] to give !m to ! public bo? at     
once4 ,to make discov]ies t may be (    
inf9ite advantage to arts1  subs]vi5t to
 private av>ice1 is ! foible ( a weak1  
jeal\s1 &  ill-natur$ m9d4--,"h foll[s !
 process2 & fir/ ! prep>ation  ( ! clo?4
          ,,art4 ,i4    ,prep>ation ( ! 
clo?1 or pap]1 = pa9t+ ) crayons4       
,fir/ me?od to prep>e ! clo? )\t pap]4  
,take any sort ( l95 clo? ^: texture is 
pretty close & ev51  /ret* x ^u a /ra9+ 
frame & rub x on ! back ) a piece  (    
wax1 z direct$ "u ,art4 ! fir/1 page    
#bf4 y\r clo? wax$1  prep>e any t9t or  
col\r y l1 or judge be/ = a gr\nd to  "w
 ^u1 let ent] into ! composition ( ?is  
t9t or col\r1 "o  half1 or at lea/ "o   
?ird ( *alk or :it5+1 mix & temp] all  )
 pure wat]2 y\r t9t ready1 pa9t ov] y\r 
clo? ) x on  t side y are to pa9t ^u1 & 
lay ! col\r on pretty ev5 &             

sub/antially2 ?is col\r or gr\nd dry1   
br+ ! canvas ne> !  fire1 z "u ,art4 !  
f\r?1 page #ce4 & ! wax melt+ w fix  t  
col\r or gr\nd1 :i* :5 cool w be a fit &
 firm body to  "w ^u ) crayons4 ,note1  
if ! quantity ( wax %\ld prove too      
small = ! quantity ( col\r1 apply ) a   
bru% on ! back "s  wax dissolv$ 9       
turp5t9e1 z describ$ 9 ! next page1 &   
br+  ! canvas aga9 to ! fire4 ,x is     
ess5tial 9 pa9t+ ) crayons  to h ! fir/ 
gr\nd prop]ly prep>$4      ,second      
me?od1 to prep>e clo? ) pap] pa/$ !reon4
    ,take l95 clo? & /ret* x ^u a frame 
z ! =ego+2 !n  make a pa/e ) f9e :eat   
fl\r1 or />* & wat]1 & :5  ! pa/e is ne>
 boil$ en\gh1 put 9 & mix ) x ( common  
horse-turp5t9e1 ab\t half an ounce to   
six ounces ( pa/e1 /ir x  well toge!r1 &
 let x simm] five or six m9utes long]2  
!n take  x f ! fire & set x by to cool a
 little1 & :ile x is /ill  tol]ably w>m1
 pa/e y\r pap] 7grey1 blue or :ite7 to !
 clo?  9 ! usual mann]1 & set x by to   
dry4--,9 ! mean "t put wax1  brok5 9    

small pieces1 to dissolve 9 oil (       
turp5t9e ne> a fire1  & 9 su* proportion
 t1 :5 dissolv$ & cold1 x w be (        
consi/5ce l a ?9 pa/e1 & flu5t en\gh to 
be manag$ ) a  bru%4--,:5 y\r clo? &    
pap] is p]fectly dry1 hold x ov] or     
be=e a fire1 at a conv5i5t di/ance1 & ) 
a bru% apply !  dissolv$ wax on bo?     
sides to clo? & pap]1 & cont9ue lay+ on 
wax till y p]ceive bo? surfaces equally 
%9+1 & !re be no  imbib$-l spot rema9+2 
?is done1 let y\r clo? /& be=e !  fire  
ab\t half an h\r long]1 7or 9 summ] 9 ! 
sun17 &1 ! oil  ( turp5t9e evaporat+1 ! 
wax w become firm aga91 & be fit  to    
receive any t9t or col\r = a gr\nd to "w
 ^u1 :i* y mu/  lay on & fix z ! =ego+  
^u clo? )\t pap]1 & :5 cool  y may g to 
"w4          ,,art4 ,,ii4    ,( !       
crayons _! prep>ation & use4            
,,prep>ation4 ,!re is no p>ticul> or    
uncommon prep>ation or  composition     
requir$ = encau/ic1 all crayons hi!rto  
commonly us$  may be employ$2 "s great  
lights only w be want$ = e set  ( t9ts2 

= :at has be5 said on col\rs1 & _! gr[+ 
deep]  :5 fix$ ) wax1 p5cil+ sy/em ,art4
 ,,ii4 page #bi1 #cj4 holds  equally "h2
 !re=e e arti/1 t may be incl9$ to make 
a  trial 9 ?is mann]1 w d well to make  
an essay ( all 8 t9ts1  by prep>+ a     
piece ( clo? z direct$ 9 ! =ego+        
article1  & giv+ a few /rokes ( ea*     
crayon & fix+ x1 ?is w  imm$iately %ew  
:at new t9ts w be want$4    ,9 compos+  
any new t9t x w be well to leave out    
full]s-e>?1  pipe-clay1 *alk1 & o!r     
calc>i\s matt]s#ac :i* are g5]ally  us$ 
9 ! common way2 ! =m]--to b9d ! loos]   
col\rs2 !  latt]--to keep up !          
flake-:ite & :ite-lead1 :i* o!rwise     
w\ld turn black2 9 encau/ic ^? matt]s   
are want$ = none (  ! above ends2       
flake-:ite & :ite-lead w n *ange1 & bo? 
toge!r w make a body suffici5tly        
connect$ to b9d ! light]  t9ts4    ,all 
col\rs us$ 9 oil & m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+    
li/1 are good  = crayons1 & no o!rs4    
,note4 ,:at has be5 said at ! end ( !   
li/ ( col\rs1 t a  few m col\rs1 n      

commonly employ$ 9 oil1 might be us$ =  
crayons1 0 a mi/ake ( ! au?or's ^u 8    
exp]im5tal table2  !re are b two m t may
 be us$ = crayons1 viz4 bice &  v]dit]4 
,! use ( ! crayons 9 encau/ic is ! v    
same z commonly  practis$1 !re is no    
diff]5ce2 y mu/ "w & pa9t ^u !  wax$    
gr\nd z y d ^u ! b>e pap]4 ,encau/ic has
 ! advantage  ov] ! common way z to     
exp$ition4 ,! f9e gritt9ess procur$ by  
! p>ticles ( ! *alk mix$ ) ! gr\nd y "w 
^u1 w  file (f m col\r f ! crayon ?an ! 
gra9 ( ! unwax$  pap]2 & ! wax diffus$  
?r\gh ! gr\nd w reta9 ! col\rs  bett]2 s
 t :5 y sweet5 y\r t9ts ) y\r f+] !re w 
be no wa/e2 = 9 work+1 ! p>ticles ( !   
col\r w intrude  !mselves into ! body ( 
! wax1 :i* yields to !m2 :i* pap]1  b>e 
or prep>$ ) a gr\nd temp]$ ) gum or     
size1 does n4          ,,art4 ,,iii4    
,h[ to fix ! crayons4      ,= fix+ !    
crayons y mu/ act & proce$ 9 e respect1 
accord+ to ! directions giv5 p5cil+     
sy/em ,art4 ,,iv4 page #ce1  #cf1 c4 y  
may ret\*1 & apply ! dissolv$ wax on !  

back1 &  br+ ! picture to ! fire z (t5 z
 requir$4      ,obs]vations on ! sy/em =
 pa9t+ ) crayons4    ,= pa9t+ ) crayons 
,i %\ld pref] clo? prep>$ accord+  to ! 
fir/ me?od1 )\t pap]1 = ! same reason ,i
 gave =  deviat+ f ,c\nt ,,caylus',s    
sy/em1 page #dh1 #di4 h[ev]1 arti/s  may
 decide = !mselves4    ,besides ! two   
me?ods m5tion$ = prep>+ ! clo?1 "o might
  pa9t ^u pap] pa/$ ^u clo? z direct$1  
)\t fir/ lay+ on  any wax or prep>atory 
gr\nd2 b su* pa9t+s w\ld n h t  la/+    
solidity !y ought2 besides1 lay+ on a   
gr\nd prep>atory  & analog\s 9 hue to ! 
subject to be pa9t$1 is m exp$iti\s1  z 
su* a gr\nd may be made to s]ve = a half
 t9t1 & answ]s !  purpose ( dead col\r+4
    ,turp5t9e ent]s 9 ! pa/e = "o great 
& pr9cipal end1 viz4  to keep ! p>ticles
 ( ! pa/e a little asund]1 & facilitate 
to ! wax a free passage ?r\gh x2 = !    
p>ticles ( turp5t9e  diffus$ ?r\gh !    
pa/e1 9 melt+1 :5 ! picture is br\ght   
ne> ! fire1 op5 s _m equi-di/ant *annels
 = ! wax1 :i*1  by ?is means1 c p5etrate

 freely & uni=mly1 & diffuse itself  ov]
 ! :ole 9 equal proportion2 )\t !       
turp5t9e x w\ld  n succe$ s well2 ! wax 
w\ld only come ?r\gh "h & !re2  ! col\rs
 w\ld 9 a mann] be calc9$ be=e a        
suffici5t quantity  c\ld p5etrate to    
secure !m2 = ?\gh !re w be wax en\gh =  
! fir/ fix+1 yet1 to alt] or ret\*1 or  
:]e an extraord9>y  great body ( col\rs 
might be employ$1 !re might be a        
defici5cy (  wax1 :i* _c be suppli$     
o!rwise ?an by lay+ x on1 on !  back1 & 
if x c\ld n "w its passage ?r\gh ! :ole 
might  misc>ry4#ad    ,z few arti/s     
compose ! crayons !mselves1 & z ins]t+  
directions = t purpose w\ld h swell$ ?is
 treatise too mu*2  ! au?or1 = !        
conv5i5cy ( all practition]s has giv5 ! 
recipe ( proportion = compos+ e t9t =   
:at x is to be  :5 fix$1 to ,mr4 ,s&ys1 
col\r-m]*ant1 9 ,dirty-lane ,longacre1 (
  :om p]fect sets may be _h2 & z ! au?or
 has communicat$ !  recipe1 = b9d+ ! mo/
 difficult col\rs1#ae = ! b5efit  ( !   
art1 )\t fee or rew>d :atsoev]1 ^?      

crayons w be  sold at ! usual price4 ,at
 ! above place1 may be _h clo? or pap]  
ready prep>$ on %ort notice4    ,h[ev]1 
if any arti/ %\ld *use to prep>e !      
crayons himself1 he  w d well to leave  
out ! pipe-clay1 full]s-e>?1 *alk1 c4 z 
mu* z possible1 & mix 8 t9ts z usual4 ,!
 /&>d recomm5d$  "u ,art4 ,,ii4 page    
#bi1 #cj4 & expla9$ page #ee1 #ef4 w be 
(  s]vice = asc]ta9+ be=eh& ! value (   
ea* t9t4    ,if any crayon prep>$ = !   
old way1 %\ld prove too h>d = ?is1  z   
may be ! case ) v]milion1 bice1 v]dit]1 
& ! o!r loos]  col\rs1 9 ^: composition 
ent]s a little pa/e to b9d !m1  spr9kle 
^? crayons ) a bru% dipt 9 _s ( w9e1 &  
!y  w become manageable4                
,,g5]al ,,rem>ks        ,on ! app>5t    
*>act]s ( encau/ic pa9t+s1 on wax &     
v>ni%4    ,! pr9cipal app>5t *>act]s (  
an encau/ic pa9t+ are1    #a4 ,! col\rs 
h all ! air9ess ( wat] col\rs1 & all !  
/r5g? ( pa9t+s 9 oil1 )\t p>tak+ ( !    
app>5t  "*1 or defects ( ei!r4    #b4 ,y
 may look at & enjoy a picture 9 any    

light2 ! col\rs are  bright1 fre% &     
lively )\t gl>+4 ,!y require no v>ni%4  
#c4 ,! col\rs are firm1 )\t be+ brittle1
 & w be>  scrat*+ )\t receiv+ any h>m4  
,! effect ( ! col\rs is ! same 9 bo?    
sy/ems1 ea* w h  & pres]ve its peculi>  
"*1 z to ! mann] ( pa9t+2 if  y pa9t y\r
 subject 9 ! light & airy /ile ( ! ,c>lo
 ,m>at  s*ool1 :5 ! col\rs w be fix$ y w
 h ! high col\r+  ( ,rub5s4      ,on    
,,wax4    ,x is n mat]ial = me to decide
 :i* ( ! two ought to be  pref]ably     
employ$1 bees-wax simple1 or            
virg9-wax4--,= l>ge works  t w be expos$
 to ! air1 ,i %\ld pref] ! =m]2 arti/s  
w see by a few trials :i* w suit _! ta/e
 be/4      ,on ,,v>ni%4    ,v>ni%es are 
n requir$1 z has already be5 obs]v$2 b z
 our  eyes h be5 us$ s mu* to see       
col\rs1 n 9 _! natural hue1  b disguis$ 
by v>ni%1 ^? t %\ld l to please !mselves
  9 ?is po9t may use ! foll[+ me?od4    
,fir/ lay on ) a clean spunge a         
sub/antial lay ( ! :ite (  eggs1 & "w x 
well ^u ! picture4 ,?is dry1 lay on any 

v>ni%  commonly us$ = oil pa9t+1 & y\r  
picture w look z if  pa9t$ ) oil-col\rs4
    ,?is v>ni% may be tak5 (f at        
pleasure1 ! upp]mo/ by rubb+  ! surface 
( ! picture ) a rag dipp$ 9 _s ( w9e or 
turp5t9e1 ! :ite ( eggs by wa%+ !       
picture ) wat]4 ,x is  n adviseable to  
lay a v>ni% ( spirits or gums1 )\t fir/ 
us+  ! :ite ( eggs1 z _s ( turp5t9e is !
 m5/ruum ( wax4          ,,exp]im5ts4   
,to adopt & practise 9 e>ne/ any new    
sy/em )\t suffici5t  trials & pro(s (   
its m]it1 may be call$ go+ wilfully     
a/ray4--,to avoid deceiv+ myself 9 ! new
 sy/em be=e u1 ,i1  aft] hav+ be5       
conv9c$ ( its advantage\s               
practicability1 set  ab\t to asc]ta9 !  
o!r great po9t1 ! /ability ( ! col\rs2  
= ?is end1 & to "k m exactly h[ mu* e   
col\r w\ld v>y  f its orig9al hue 9 a   
c]ta9 space ( "t1 z well 9 reg>d  to !  
same sy/em z 9 opposition to oil-col\rs1
 ,i proce$$ z  foll[s4      ,exp]im5t ! 
fir/ & pr9cipal1 #ageg4    ,i _h all !  
col\rs us$ 9 oil pa9t+1 m5tion$ 9 !     

=ego+  li/1 c>efully gr\nd ) wat]1 at   
,mr4 ,s&ys's1 col\r-m]*ant1  & f ^?     
col\rs ,i compos$ n9ety v>i\s & s5sibly 
diff]+  t9ts1 = fle%1 drap]y & l&scape2 
( ea* t9t ,i _h a quantity  ( a two     
ounce gallipot full1 temp]$ ) wat]2 s ,i
 left !m  well scre5$ f du/ till !y 7   
become dry aga92 !n ,i  divid$ ea* mass 
( t9t 9 f\r equal p>ts2 two ( ea* ,i set
 by  = ! comp>ative use1 ! o!r two p>ts 
( ea* ,i employ$ 9 !  foll[+ mann]4     
,"o "p ( ea* ,i temp]$ aga9 ) wat]1 &   
pa9t$ ) x ov]  a space ( clo? ( six     
in*es wide & two in*es high1 ! t9ts     
close to ea* o!r1 9 ! mann] (           
copp]-plate1 page #eh1 & !  clo? wax$ z 
direct$ ,art4 ,,iv4 page #bf4 ,! same ,i
 did ) !  entire & unmix$ col\rs4    ,! 
o!r p>ts ( ea* t9t ,i temp]$ ) ! f9e/   
nut-oil  accord+ to cu/om1 & pa9t$-ov] )
 !m su* ano!r space (  six in*es by two1
 z ! =m]1 ^u oil-clo?4 ,! same ,i did ) 
! entire col\rs1 & set !m by to dry2 :5 
dry1 ,i br\ght !  encau/ic t9ts ne> !   
fire1 & by melt+ ! wax fix$ !m4    ,my  

t9ts ?us ready1 ,i cut ea* piece ( clo?1
 encau/ic &  oil-t9ts1 9 five equal     
p>ts1 & dispos$ ( a piece ( ea* 9 !     
foll[+ mann]4    #a4 ,"o piece ( ea* ,i 
expos$ 9 ! op5 air to all ! injuries (  
sun1 dew1 w9d & ra94    #b4 ,"o piece ( 
ea* ,i nail$ to a wall 9 a damp cell>-l 
room4    #c4 ,"o piece ( ea* ,i nail$ to
 ! ceil+ ( a kit*5 & ne> !  *imney1 :]e 
all ! ye> r\nd a fire 0 kept4    #d4 ,"o
 piece ( ea* ,i nail$ to ! side ( a room
 ,i usually inhabit$4    #e4 ,"o piece (
 ea* ,i put betwe5 sev]al quires ( pap]1
 &  conf9$ !m 9 a close draw] depriv$ ( 
air4    ,?us ,i left !m1 till ! latt]   
end ( ,octob]1 #agei1 7! space (        
tw5ty-sev5 mon?s7 :5 ,i ga!r$ !m4 ,!n ,i
 took ! two p>ts (  t9ts ,i _h set by & 
pres]v$1 & temp]+ ! "o ) wat]1 &  ! o!r 
) oil1 pa9t$ ! fir/ ^u a fre% piece (   
wax$ clo?  & fix$ !m1 ! o!r temp]$ )    
oil1 ,i pa9t$ ^u a fre%  piece (        
oil-clo?1 & aft] hav+ wa%$ ! old t9ts1  
on comp>+  ! new & old col\rs toge!r    
f\nd z foll[s4    ,! old encau/ic entire

 col\rs & t9ts ( numb] #a4 seem$ to h   
suff]$ a consid]able *ange 9 opposition 
to ! new ones1 b  comp>$ to _! old      
fell[s 9 oil !y look$ bright4    ,i wa%$
 !m bo? ) common wat]1 & a bru%1 !      
encau/ic t9ts  recov]$ a little2        
oil-t9ts n4    ,i br\ght ! encau/ic to !
 fire1 & mo/ t9ts recov]$  _! orig9al   
hue1 & 7 equal to ! new ones1 p9ks1     
yell[-orpim5t1 lake1 t]ra di ,si5a1 &   
v]dit] except$2  ! fir/ 0 p>tly gone1   
:at rema9$ 0 dull2 ! second 0 gr[n      
:it]2 lake gr[n light]1 b _h n suff]$ 9 
beauty ( col\r2  t]ra di ,si5a crude1   
gr[n r\gh & dirty2 v]dit]1 a little     
dull4    ,no4 #c4 seem$ to h suff]$ by !
 smoke2 b aft] wa%+ x  ) a /\t bru%1 &  
soap & wat]1 x recov]$ its orig9al  hue1
 p9ks1 yell[-orpim5t1 smalt & v]dit]    
except$2 !  fir/ 0 s5sibly decay$2 !    
second gr[n d>k]1 incl9+ t[>ds          
r$-orpim5t2 ! ?ird gr[n dull1 b mix$ )  
,prussian blue x  0 z bright z ! new2   
v]dit] gr[n d>k & dull4    ,no4 #b1 #d1 
#e4 7 j z ! new ones1 !re 0 no diff]5ce4

    ,oil col\rs did n /& ! te/ s well2  
_! g5]al appe>ance 9  opposition to old 
& new encau/ic1--03    ,no4 #a4 weak1   
dull & dim1 "s entirely gone4    ,no4   
#b4 freckl$1 ( all sorts ( hues1 n to be
 wa%$ (f4    ,no4 #c4 d>k]1 "s dull1    
o!rs dirty1 "s entirely gone4    ,no4   
#d4 consid]ably yell[]1 & less bright4  
,no4 #e4 yell[-spott$1 z if v>ni%$ )    
gall4    ,! =ego+ t9ts 7 all fix$ )     
virg9-wax1 :i* ,i ?\ght !  be/2 b hav+  
at ! same "t & ) ! same col\rs pa9t$  ^u
 clo? wax$ ) common yell[ bees-wax1 ,i  
f\nd t ! latt]  9 ! op5 air pres]v$ !   
col\rs r bett]4      ,exp]im5t ! second4
    ,i wa%$ ! =ego+ t9ts ) a /rong      
lixivium ( pot-a%1  v9eg>1 _s ( w9e1 a  
solution ( sea salt1 & aqua =tis4    ,by
 ?is op]ation ! oil-col\rs 7 entirely   
de/roy$1 !  encau/ic suff]$ no?+1 only  
smalt grew d>k]2 b aft]  scrap+ x & br++
 x aga9 to ! fire1 x recov]$ its tone4  
,i h /ill a little scrap ( a picture1 a 
l&scape1 by me1 :i*  has und]gone all ! 
abovem5tion$ trials & m1 = ,i took x  f 

! frame & fold$ x 9 f\r1 put x ^u !     
frame aga91  & br\ght to ! fire & !     
folds disappe>$1--! col\rs are  z fre% z
 if pa9t$ b ye/]day4 ,on exam9+ x close 
"o may  p]ceive x suff]$ viol5ce1 b at a
 y>d's di/ance no m>ks appe>4           
,exp]im5t on oil-col\rs4    ,hav+       
p]ceiv$ t oil-col\rs1 pa9t$ ^u a wax$   
gr\nd always  appe>$ bright] ^u an      
oil-clo?2 ,i1 to come at ! k (  ! cause 
( ?is effect1 contriv$ v>i\s exp]im5ts1 
b )\t  success2 at la/ ,i made          
microscopical obs]vations1 & f\nd t     
oil-col\rs pa9t$ ^u an oil-clo? und]go a
 great f]m5tation1  five or six h\rs    
aft] be+ laid on1 & cont9ue s till !y   
are  dry4 ,!n !y beg9 to ov]ca/1 & by   
degrees cov] ! surface )  a yell[i%1    
grey sub/ance1 n to be wa%$ or rubb$ (f 
b ) a  knife4    ,among ! v same col\rs 
pa9t$ ^u an encau/ic gr\nd ,i c\ld      
p]ceive no su* f]m5tation1 or           
ov]ca/+4--,f ?is we may  conjecture t ! 
prim+1 or gr\nd we "w ^u is m ! cause  (
 ! col\rs *ang+ ?an ! col\rs !mselves1 v

 likely ow+  to ! desecat$ sal9e        
p>ticles ( ! oil1 :i* are dissolv$ by  &
 mix ) ! new oil & col\rs2 or to !      
sup]abundant quantity  ( salts conta9$ 9
 ! gr\nd or prim+1 :i* is g5]ally       
compos$ ( ! co>se/ oil & col\rs1 &      
frequ5tly half *alk4    ,?\gh ?is latt] 
exp]im5t has no?+ to d ) encau/ic1 x  w 
f9d its application & own]4    ,to prove
 ! /ability ( encau/ic col\rs1 ,i h     
m5tion$ b two  exp]im5ts2 !y are        
suffici5t2 f !m we may draw ! foll[+    
,,conclusions4    ,fir/1 t encau/ic     
col\rs1 hav+ resi/$ ! injuries ( !      
wea!r bett] ?an oil-col\rs1 = ! space ( 
tw5ty-sev5 mon?s1  !y w prove m la/+ ?an
 oil-col\rs = a great] space (  "t4     
,secondly1 t hav+ resi/$ ! effects ( !  
corrosives1 alkali  & aqua =tis1 c4 !   
circumambi5t air1 h[soev] impregnat$  ) 
sal9e p>ticles1 _c affect !m4           
,?irdly1 t if pictures ( ?is k9d receive
 any hurt1 fire w  re/ore !m4    ,! mo/ 
celebrat$ m5 ( antiquity1 celebrat$ !   
p]=mances (  _! pa9t]s2 if _! col\rs _h 

n be5 z la/+ z _! skill  0 great1 "s "o 
might h left u regretful in/ances4 ,!y  
left  u none4    ,0 ,,wax ! pres]v] ( _!
 col\rs8    ,,f9is4                     
,,adv]tisem5t4      ,z ! =ego+ ,treatise
 is writt5 & publi%$ ) an int5tion  to  
communicate a discov]y t w prove (      
inf9ite advantage to  ! lovelie/ ( arts1
 9 all its bran*es2 ! au?or1 consci\s  (
 want+ ! necess>y qualifications ( a    
writ] 9 a language  n natural to him1   
hopes = indulg5ce1 = all ! inaccuracies 
& improprieties ( expression he may &   
mu/ h fall5 into3 z  to facts1 he begs  
leave to assure ! public1 t no?+ has be5
  advanc$ b :at is /rictly true4    ,if 
any arti/ or o!rs %\ld 9 practis+ be at 
a loss or /& =  any ?+1 ! au?or %all    
always be will+ & ready to give !m  f>!r
 light on any occasion4    ,! treatise  
on ,practical ,pa9t+ 9 g5]al1 :i* 0 to h
 be5  publi%$ toge!r ) ?is1 z has be5   
intimat$ to ! public 9  an adv]tisem5t (
 ! ?ird ( ,janu>y1 w be publi%$ z soon  
z possible2 ! au?or be+ engag$ 9 a "w ( 

a v ext5sive  nature1 _h n "t to br+ x 9
 p]fect ord] himself2 a g5tleman  &     
fri5d ( 8 has be5 s k9d z to und]take ! 
f9i%+ &  correct+ ( x2 x w soon be ready
 = ! press4          ,,footnotes3    #a 
,philosoph4 ,transact4 vol4 xlix4 "p #b4
    #b ,?\gh ! ,abb does n quote !      
passage1 "o may guess x mu/  be ! foll[+
 ! c\nt und]took to expla94 ,pl9y lib4  
xxxv4  *ap4 #aa4    8,c]is p+]e ac      
picturam inur]e quis primus excogitav]it
 non  con/at3 quidam ,ari/idis inv5tum  
putant1 po/e consummatum   ,praxitele4  
,s$ aliquanto vetu/iores ,encau/ic      
,pictur ex/it]e1 ut  ,polignoti         
,nicanoris1  ,arcesilai ,p>iorum4       
,lysippus quoque g9  ,pictur su         
inscripsit1 1 quod pr(ecto non fecisset 
nisi  encau/ica inv5ta40    ,:i* may be 
told 9 pla9 ,engli% ?us1 8,:o fir/      
inv5t$ to pa9t  ) 7or 97 wax1 & burn 9  
7or fix7 ! picture ) fire1 is n  c]ta9ly
 kn[n4 ,"s ?9k ,ari/ides inv5t$ x1 & t  
,praxiteles  br\ght x to p]fection2 b   
!re 7 pictures by ma/]s1 ( a mu*  old]  

date2 su* z ( ,polignote1 ,nicanor &    
,arcesilaus1 all arti/s  ( ,p>os4       
8,lysippus writ ^u 8 pictures he burnt  
91 :i* he w\ld n h  done if ! encau/ic  
_h n be5 inv5t$ !n40    #c ,,pl9y is an 
evid5ce = ?is my op9ion2 = aft] hav+    
said1  lib4 xxxv4 *4 #d4 ,nicias        
scripsit se inussisse1 he says1 tali    
enim  usus e/ v]bo4 ,:i* words seem     
cle>ly to indite t ,,pl9y ?\ght  x      
equivocal1 or contr>y to its prop]      
signification4    #d ,bo? pictures 7    
dispos$ ( z soon z f9i%$ to a ,dut*     
g5tleman1 :o s5t !m to ,holl& z a       
patt]n1 & 7 mightily  approv$ (4    #e  
,any sort ( old clo?1 if :ole1 is z good
 z new2 ,i pref] !  =m] to ! latt] = its
 s(tness4 ,to asc]ta9 a j proportion  ( 
wax to e sort ( clo? is unnecess>y1 if y
 %\ld ei!r put  too mu* or n en\gh1 y   
may easily rem$y x4 ,see ,,art4 iv4 ,"o 
s+le trial w cle> up ! inc]titude4    #f
 ,entire col\rs are ! :ite1 r$1 yell[1  
blue1 c4    #g ,see ! nature ( ?is bett]
 expla9$ 9 ! copp]-plate at !  end (    

obs]vations ( ,art4 #b4    #h ,i pref] a
 fire ( sea-coals because x is mu* m    
uni=m1 &  does n emit s _m sp>ks z wood 
or *>coals1 :i* might injure  ! picture1
 ?\gh any fire ) prop] c>e w answ] ! end
  propos$2 a ,g]man /ove is /ill bett]  
?an any fire :atsoev]4    #i ,y w easily
 "k ^? places t %all want wax2 !y w     
appe> l s _m spots ( a light] hue4      
#aj ,any o!r _s su* z t commonly burnt 9
 lamps1 common  g91 rum1 or g5u9e br&y1 
w d j z well2 _s or oil (  turp5t9e is v
 prop] too2 b z x smells s v /rong1     
ladies  & g5tlem5 t pa9t = _! amusem5t  
only w\ld n l x4    #aa ,! same might be
 practic$ ^u clo?1 x w\ld d bett] ?an   
only rubb+ x ) ! *alk2 b = pa9t+ ) !    
p5cil !  b>e clo? is /ill bett]4    #ab 
,i am aw>e t e body w n ent] into ?is   
doctr9e at  fir/1 & "s may ?9k x v odd t
 a col\r :i* is us$ 9  oil1 %\ld n      
sympa?ise ) wax2 ! "q is easily solv$1 !
  gr9d+ /ones unite oil & p9ks1 & br+ !m
 toge!r by =ce1  b exp]i5ce %ews x is b 
= a little :ile2 ! oil once dry1  p9ks  

soon fly (f & fade away4    #ac         
,full]s-e>?1 pipe-clay1 *alk1 c4 ought  
to be left out1 because  !y s9k s v l[  
:5 fix$ ) wax1 & imp>t a great dullness 
to all ^? t9ts :]e9 !y prevail2         
pipe-clay & full]s-e>? a  dusky         
transp>5t gray2 *alk1 a yell[i%-:ite    
no-col\r4    #ad ,old crayon pictures   
may be fix$ v well2 ! pa/e becom+  old  
looses its cohesion2 ! wax may freely & 
uni=mly p5etrate  ?r\gh2 !y w want      
ret\*+4 ,if any arti/ has a m9d to try1 
he  may d x ) "s insignificant subject =
 fe> ( misc>ry+ on a  fir/ trial4    #ae
 ,if ?is treatise %\ld meet ) su*       
approbation z to require  a second      
edition1 ! recipe = ! compos+ ( crayons 
w be  ins]t$ at full l5g?4              
,,table ( ,,cont5ts4                    
,introductory acc\nt ( ,encau/ic        
,pa9t+                                  
page #a      ,article ! fir/1 prep>ation
 ( !    clo? = pa9t+ 9 encau/ic         
#bf      ,art4 ! second1 ( ! col\rs1 &  
_! prep>ation & use                     

#bi      ,art4 ! ?ird1 h[ to pa9t ov]   
or alt] any "p be=e ! picture    has be5
 ne> ! fire                             
#cc      ,art4 ! f\r?1 h[ to fix !      
col\rs                           #ce    
,art4 ! fif?1 h[ to ret\* any "p    aft]
 ! col\rs are fix$                      
#dj      ,obs]vations on ,art4 ! fir/   
#da      ---- ,c\nt ,caylus's me?od (   
prep>+    ! clo?                        
#dc      ---- ,reasons = deviat+ f !    
c\nt's me?od                            
#de      ---- ,h[ to pa9t ^u walls      
#di      ---- ,h[ to pa9t ^u wood1 /one1
    c4                                  
#ej      ---- ,h[ to pa9t ^u pap]       
#ea      ,obs]vations on ,art4 ! second2
 on    gr9d+ ! col\rs                   
#ec      ---- ,h[ to asc]ta9 ! j value  
( ea* col\r                             
#ee      ,obs]vations on ,art4 ! ?ird1  
advantages    ( ,encau/ic pa9t+ ov]     
oil & size-pa9t+                        
#fj      ,obs]vations on ,art4 ! f\r?1  
v>i\s    me?ods = apply+ ! fire to    a 

picture                                 
#fc      ,obs]vations on ,art4 ! fif?1  
on ret\*+    aft] ! col\rs are fix$     
#fg      ,li/ ( ! col\rs1 :ite          
#gd      ---- ,yell[s                   
#gf      ---- ,p9ks                     
#hb      ---- ,r$s                      
#hd      ---- ,t]ra di ,si5a & t]ra v]te
                             #hh        
---- ,blues                             
#ia      ---- ,blacks                   
#ib      ---- ,coll5s e>?               
#id      ---- ,umbra                    
#ie      ,me?od ( pa9t+ ) & fix+    ( ! 
crayons                                 
#ig      ,art4 ! fir/1 fir/ me?od to    
prep>e    ! clo?                        
#ajb      ---- ,second me?od            
#ajd      ,art4 ! second1 ( ! crayons2  
_!    prep>ation                        
#ajg      ---- ,& use                   
#aaj      ,art4 ! ?ird1 h[ to fix !     
crayons                           #aab  
,obs]vations on ! sy/em = pa9t+    )    
crayons                                 

#aac      ,rem>ks on ! app>5t "* (      
encau/ic pa9t+s                         
#aai      ---- ,on wax                  
#aba      ---- ,on v>ni%                
ibid4      ,exp]im5ts                   
#abd      ---- ,fir/                    
#abe      ---- ,second                  
#acd      ,exp]im5ts on oil-col\rs      
#ace      ,conclusions                  
#ach          ,transcrib]'s ,notes      
,obvi\s typographical errors h be5      
sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations  9         
hyph5ation & acc5ts h be5 /&>dis$ b all 
o!r  spell+ & punctuation rema9s        
un*ang$4    ,italics are repres5t$ ?us  
italic4