,transcrib]'s ,notes ,text pr9t$ 9 italics & small capitals 9 ! s\rce docum5t h be5 transcrib$ betwe5 und]scores & z ,,all ,,capitals respectively4 ,sup]script text is indicat$ by text4 ,texts betwe5 v]tical b>s 0 illegible 9 ! s\rce docum5t1 & is a be/-guess int]pretation4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes may be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,fair*ild ,a]ial ,surveys 7,inc474 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,nation',s ,,capital #ge,,? ,,congress1 #c;,d ,,session ,,s5ate ,,docum5t ,,no4 #agh ,a ,,manual ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,by ,h4 ,,paul ,,caemm]]1 ,ph4 ,d4 8,! ,city ( ,wa%+ton--! c5tral /> ( ! con/ellation :i* enlight5s ! :ole _w40 ,g5]al ,lafayette1 z ,gue/ ( ! ,nation1 ,octob] #ab1 #ahbd4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,,wa%+ton3 #aici ,,s5ate ,,resolution ,,no4 #bhj ,submitt$ by ,mr4 ,,hayd5 ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,april #bj 7cal5d> day1 ,may #ah71 #aich4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! manuscript entitl$ 8,a ,manual ( ! ,plan ( ,wa%+ton10 prep>$ by ,h4 ,p4 ,caemm]]1 be pr9t$ 9 su* /yle & mann] z may be direct$ by ! ,jo9t ,committee on ,pr9t+1 z a ,s5ate ,docum5t4 ,atte/3 ,,edw9 ,a4 ,,halsey1 ,secret>y4 ,,preface ,?is ,manual on ! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,wa%+ton is publi%$ = ! use ( /ud5ts1 p>ticul>ly 9 high s*ools1 desir+ to make a /udy ( ! ,national ,capital a "p ( _! c\rse 9 civics4 ,! #be *apt]s compos+ ! book are ( su* int]e/ & importance t an h\r a week may pr(itably be devot$ to ea*1 b ! *apt]s on public build+s & monum5ts require ea* two or ?ree p]iods = effective pres5tation4 ,9 ?is mann] ! ,manual may s]ve z a textbook = a ye>'s "w2 x w also be f\nd helpful by ! g5]al read] int]e/$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,manual deals hi/orically ) ! f\nd+ & developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,beg9n+ ) ! tw5tie? c5tury we f9d a new impetus giv5 to ! developm5t ( ! city by ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission ( #aija4 ,its "w has be5 c>ri$ =w>d by ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts & ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission1 9 coop]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 includ+ ! ,zon+ ,commission2 also1 ( c\rse1 9 coop]ation ) ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 (ficials ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* by virtue ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution ex]cises 8exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]0 ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d t 9 ! /udy ( ! ,national ,capital we are /udy+ ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! greate/ nation 9 ! _w1 a city t 0 laid on a broad1 firm f\ndation1 & al?\gh neglect$ = decades dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 ! tw5tie? c5tury has se5 ,wa%+ton trans=m$ into a city 9 keep+ ) ! dignity1 p[]1 & weal? ( ?is great ,nation4 ,! ,plan ( ,wa%+ton is at ! basis ( city plann+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! organization ( ! ,national ,conf]5ce on ,city ,plann+ 9 #aijg 0 inspir$ by ! "w ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission ( #aija4 ,_m ( ! lead+ arti/s ( ! c\ntry--ar*itects1 sculptors1 pa9t]s1 & l&scape ar*itects--h s]v$ 9 ! "w ( beautify+ ! city4 ,wa%+ton is a city t is ev] gr[+ & x is de/9$ to be ! mo/ beautiful city 9 ! _w4 ,! writ] wi%es to express 8 grateful appreciation to ,s5ator ,c>l ,hayd5 = hav+ introduc$ ! legislation to pr9t ?is volume4 ,h4 ,,paul ,,caemm]]4 ,,?is ,,publication ,,may ,,be ,,pur*as$ ,,f ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,at #b4jj ,a ,,copy 7,,buckram7 ,,cont5ts ,*apt] ,page ,i ,! ,f$]al ,city3 ,/ory ( ! ,movem5t ,:i* ,e/abli%$ ! ,seat ( ,gov]nm5t ,ne> ! ,potomac #a ,,ii ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,tempor>y & ,p]man5t ,seats ( ,gov]nm5t #g ,,iii ,developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital--,! ,plan ( ! ,city #ac ,site ( ! ,f$]al ,city #ac ,t]ms ( ,orig9al ,agreem5t #ae ,b\nd>y ,/ones ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #ai ,prelim9>y ,/udies #bj ,,iv ,maj4 ,pi]re ,*>les ,l',enfant #bc ,v ,! ,l',enfant ,plan #be ,! ,ellicott ,plan--,! ,l',enfant ,plan ,enl>g$ #bi ,,vi ,e>ly ,wa%+ton #ce ,,vii ,wa%+ton #ahaj-ahae #da ,,viii ,wa%+ton #ahaf-ahci #de ,,ix ,wa%+ton #ahdj-ahei #di ,x ,wa%+ton #ahfj-ahgj #ec ,,xi ,improvem5ts ,made ,dur+ ,presid5t ,grant's ,adm9i/ration #fa ,,xii ,! ,influ5ce ( ! ,c5t5nial ,celebration & ( ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition on ,art 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #fe ,,xiii ,highway ,plan ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #fi ,,xiv ,! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission--,! ,plan ( #aija #gc ,,xv ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts #ie ,,xvi ,zon+ ( ! ,capital #aja ,,xvii ,! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission #aje ,,xviii ,! ,l9coln ,memorial & ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge #aca ,,xix ,! ,p>ks ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #adc ,,xx ,ar*itecture ( ,e>ly ,days #afe ,,xxi ,public & ,semipublic ,build+s #bai ,,xxii ,! ,public-,build+s ,program #bic ,,xxiii ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #cje ,,xxiv ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y #cji ,,xxv ,/atues & ,monum5ts #cai ,app5dix #cdg ,li/ ( ,/atues & ,monum5ts 9 ,wa%+ton #cdg ,bibliographical ,li/ ( ,books on ,wa%+ton ! ,national ,capital #cec ,li/ ( ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates #cee ,quotations f ,great ,am]icans on ,wa%+ton ! ,national ,capital #ceg ,index #cei ,,illu/rations ,page ,! he>t ( ! ,nation's ,capital ,frontispiece ,adams ,memorial1 ! #cbd ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 plan ( #afj ,aqu$uct ,bridge1 old #ahj ,arboretum1 ,national1 map ( #afb ,arl+ton ,cemet]y1 ,arl+ton ,mansion1 & ,=t ,my] #cjh ,arl+ton ,mansion1 reception hall #caj ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge #ach ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 ar*itect's design #acf ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge developm5t #ada ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 eagle & fasces #aci ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 eagle & bison head #acg ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y--,memorial ,amphi!at] #cab ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y--,ma9e ,monum5t & ! ,memorial ,amphi!at] #caf ,arl+ton1 plan = developm5t ( great] #adb ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad ,/ation1 old #gc ,b\nd>y /one ne> ,sixte5? ,/reet ,,nw4 #ai ,b\nd>y /ones ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #ag ,b\nd>y /ones1 ?ree ( ! #ah ,briti% ,embassy #bij ,build+ regulations issu$ by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton #ba ,burke1 /atue ( ,edmund #cdd ,burnham1 ,daniel ,h41 on city plann+ #ha ,cab9 ,john ,bridge #bad ,capitol1 ! #bbj ,capitol1 !1 #ahdj #di ,capitol1 !1 #ahgj #fj ,capitol at night #bbb ,capitol1 basem5t plan (1 #ahjj #aga ,capitol1 bronze doors to ! #bbe ,capitol1 bronze doors to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives w+ #bbi ,capitol1 bronze doors to ! ,s5ate w+ #bbg ,capitol1 design by ,?ornton1 #ahjj #afe ,capitol1 f ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 #ahcj #aff ,capitol1 f ! we/1 %[+ ! ,tripoli column #afg ,capitol ,gr\nds & ,union ,/ation ,plaza1 #aiag #if ,capitol ,gr\nds1 treatm5t ( ! #big ,capitol ,prison1 old #ec ,capitol1 %[+ uncomplet$ dome1 #ahfj #ed ,capitol1 treatm5t = area we/ ( !1 plan ( #aija #he ,capitol ^u its re/oration1 #ahbg #afd ,capitol1 view f dome (1 look+ ea/ #ajf ,capitol1 view ( dome ( !1 look+ s\? #ajg ,c5tral composition ( ! ,national ,capital #ajj ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal1 ,georget[n1 lock ( ! old #agh ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal1 gateh\se #dh ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,wa%+ton #ahi ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,alex&ria1 ,va #abj ,*ri/ ,*ur* burial gr\nd1 lat] kn[n z ,congressional ,cemet]y #dd ,columbia ,isl& ,plaza & ,memorial ,av5ue #adj ,con/itution ,hall #bgh ,dante1 /atue ( #ccg ,decatur ,h\se #agf ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! ,con/itution #bea ,d]mott map1 ! #cb ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+ #aid ,dolly ,madison ,h\se #age ,dupont ,memorial ,f\nta9 #cce ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet #aaa ,ellicott plan1 ! #cj ,ellicott map1 ! #ci ,executive ,build+1 #ahbj-ff #bfg ,fi% m>ket along ! wat] front #aae ,folg] ,%akespe>e ,libr>y #bec ,folg] ,%akespe>e ,libr>y1 exhibition hall #bed ,=d's ,!at] #baf ,=t ,drive #aaj ,francis ,scott ,key ,bridge #aha ,francis ,scott ,key ,h\se #ahc ,fre$om1 /atue ( #bbc ,gateh\se by ,bulf9*1 =m]ly ne> ! ,capitol #gb ,gatepo/ design$ by ,bulf9*1 ne> ! ,capitol #fc ,george ,wa%+ton ,memorial ,p>kway #aad ,georget[n1 h\se ( ! e>ly days 9 #ahd ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #beh ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic ,memorial #ccj ,gr& review ( ,union ,army1 ,may #ahfe #eh ,grant1 ,g54 ,u4 ,s41 memorial #cch1 #cdb ,grant1 ,g54 ,u4 ,s41 memorial1 ,artill]y gr\p #cda ,grant1 ,g54 ,u4 ,s41 memorial1 ,cavalry gr\p #cdj ,great ,falls ( ! ,potomac #aaf ,hamilton1 /atue ( ,alex&] #cde ,haym>ket ,squ>e1 old #ei ,horse c>s1 view %[+ #fa ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,*amb] #bca ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ab\t #ahbj1 pa9t+ by ,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,morse #df ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,*amb]1 #ahcj #afi ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,(fice ,build+1 ,new #bcc ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,(fice ,build+1 ,old #bcc ,italian ,embassy #bia ,jackson1 /atue ( ,g54 ,&rew #cbc ,jeanne d',arc1 /atue ( #ccd ,joaqu9 ,mill] ,cab9 9 ,rock ,creek ,p>k #aei ,k+ map1 ! #cc ,lafayette ,p>k1 %[+ /atue ( ,g54 ,&rew ,jackson #aeb ,lafayette1 /atue ( ,g5]al #cbg ,l',enfant1 ,maj4 ,pi]re ,*>les #bc ,l',enfant plan1 ! #bf ,l',enfant plan1 sket* ( ! #bb ,l',enfant1 tomb ( #cag ,libr>y ( ,congress #bdd ,libr>y ( ,congress addition #bdh ,libr>y ( ,congress1 gr& /aircase #bdf ,libr>y ( ,congress1 read+ room #bdi ,l9coln di$1 h\se 9 :i* ,presid5t #bag ,l9coln1 second inaugural ( ,presid5t1 #ahfe #ef ,l9coln ,memorial1 ! #acj1 #aed ,l9coln ,memorial & approa*es1 ! #acj ,l9coln ,memorial ,reflect+ ,bas9 #acd ,l9coln ,memorial1 site ( !1 #aija #ib ,l9coln ,memorial1 /atue ( ,abraham ,l9coln #acb ,l9coln ,memorial1 ,memorial ,bridge1 & ,riv]side ,drive1 plan ( #aija #ic ,longfell[1 /atue ( ,h5ry ,wadswor? #cbh ,mall ab\t #ahij1 view ( ! #fd ,mall1 !1 #aicj #ig ,mall1 view f ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 look+ ea/ #bie ,mall1 view f ! ,capitol dome1 look+ we/ #bid ,mall1 !1 inundat$ #gi ,mall & ,monum5t ,g>d5s1 plan ( #aija #hh ,mall1 plan ( ! #ij ,mall1 !1 %[+ railroad tracks cross+ x #gh ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k1 l[] g>d5 #aef ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k1 upp] g>d5 #aef ,m\nt ,v]non #abe ,m\nt ,v]non f ! air #abd ,m\nt ,v]non ,memorial ,highway #aah ,m\nt ,v]non ,memorial ,highway1 bridge ov] ,hunt+ ,creek #aba ,m\nt ,v]non ,memorial ,highway1 nor? ( ,little ,hunt+ ,creek #aag ,m\nt ,v]non ,memorial ,highway1 bridge ov] ,b\nd>y ,*annel #aai ,m\nt ,v]non ,memorial ,highway1 und]pass at highway bridge #aba ,national ,ar*ives ,build+ #bhb ,national ,ar*ives ,build+1 mural pa9t+s 9 #bhc ,national ,gall]y ( ,art #bha ,national ,geographic ,society #bgh ,national ,%r9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception #bhg ,new ,hamp%ire ,av5ue #add ,octagon ,h\se #agd ,old ,tobacco ,b>n 7old ,*ri/ ,*ur*7 #ahh ,p>k areas acquir$ to ,july #a1 #aich #adi ,pat5t ,(fice ,build+1 ,old #aih ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 plan ( #aiaj1 plan = develop+ s\? side #bic ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 betwe5 ! ,treasury & ! ,capitol #bih ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,/ation1 old #gg ,pulaski1 /atue ( ,g54 ,casimir #ccb ,rock ,creek ,*ur* #ahf ,rock ,creek ,p>k1 map ( #aeh ,s5ate ,*amb] #bcj ,s5ate ,*amb]1 #ahcj #afh ,s5ate ,(fice ,build+ #bcb ,six ,build+s1 ! #cf ,smi?sonian ,in/itution #bee ,soldi]s' ,home1 ,unit$ ,/ates #bab ,/4 ,john's ,*ur* #aia ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*1 e>ly view ( #aib ,/ate ,build+1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #ahja #bfe ,/ate ,build+1 ,dep>tm5t (1 :5 remodel$ #bfd ,?ornton1 ,dr4 ,william #aig ,treasury ,build+1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! #bgj ,treasury ,build+1 ,dep>tm5t ( !1 #ahee #eb ,treasury ,build+1 site & mat]ial =1 #ahci #dg ,triangle gr\p ( public build+s along ,con/itution ,av5ue #bhj ,tripoli ,column1 at ,annapolis1 ,md #cbj ,tudor ,place1 %[+ g>d5s on ! ea/ side #ahg ,tudor ,place1 ,?irty-fir/ & ,q ,/reets #ahe ,unkn[n ,soldi] ( ! ,_w ,w>1 ! ,tomb ( ! #cad ,union ,squ>e1 plan ( #aija #hf ,union ,/ation #bcd ,union ,/ation1 conc\rse #bcf ,union ,/ation1 wait+ room #bch ,union ,/ation & ,plaza1 look+ nor? f ! dome ( ! ,capitol #cjj ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+ #cjb ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ,*amb] #cjc ,van ,ness ,mansion #agg ,wakefield1 at ,popes ,creek1 ,we/morel& ,c\nty1 ,va #abg ,wakefield1 ,wa%+ton family bury+ gr\nd #abi ,wa%+ton & ,wakefield1 map %[+ #abh ,wa%+ton1 #aheb #ej ,wa%+ton1 #ahij #fb ,wa%+ton & environs1 regional plan ( #ajd ,wa%+ton ,ca!dral #bhe ,wa%+ton ,ca!dral1 int]ior #bhf ,wa%+ton ,city ,po/ ,(fice #bdb ,wa%+ton1 e>ly1 %[+ ! ,jeff]son popl>s #ch ,wa%+ton1 view ( e>ly #cd ,wa%+ton f ,arl+ton ,heights1 #ahfe #ee ,wa%+ton f ,arl+ton1 plan ( #aija #gf ,wa%+ton f ! ,presid5t's ,h\se1 #ahcj #dd ,wa%+ton1 ! future #id ,wa%+ton 9 #agib #ab ,wa%+ton 9 embryo #ad ,wa%+ton1 look+ nor? f ! ,:ite ,h\se #gj ,wa%+ton1 look+ s\? f ,sixte5? ,/reet & ,columbia ,road #ga ,wa%+ton1 model ( ! future1 plan ( #aija #ge ,wa%+ton1 model (1 %[+ conditions 9 #aija #gd ,wa%+ton1 ,george1 ,h\don bu/ ( #abb ,wa%+ton1 ,george1 /atue ( #cbb ,wa%+ton1 ,george1 /atue ( ,g54 #cah ,wa%+ton1 tomb ( #abf ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 ! #bjh ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 z se5 f ! ,mall gr\nds #bjf ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 plan ( !1 by ,rob]t ,mills #bjj ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 uncomplet$1 z x appe>$ f #aheb-gh #bjd ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 "u con/ruction1 #ahgb #bjb ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 view nor?we/ f ! #bgd ,wat] front1 plan = improvem5t ( ! #aab ,:ite ,h\se1 e>ly view ( ! #agj ,:ite ,h\se1 nor? side #bfb ,:ite ,h\se1 view %[+ t]race on s\? side1 #ahbg #agb ,)]spoon1 /atue ( ,john #cbi ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition1 ,c\rt ( ,honor1 look+ ea/ #ff ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition1 ,c\rt ( ,honor1 look+ we/ #fg ,z]o mile/one #ccf ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,f$]al ,,city ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,movem5t ,,:i* ,,e/abli%$ ,,! ,,seat ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,,ne> ,,! ,,potomac ,! problem ( e/abli%+ a p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 mo/ p]plex+4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 oblig$ = its own protection to travel f place to place to conduct its sessions4 ,by ! treaty ( ,p>is1 9 #aghc1 ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,colonies _h be5 recogniz$1 b !y 7 !n unit$ simply z a conf$]ation1 & !re 0 lack+ ,f$]al au?ority ?r\gh :i* ! ne$s ( ! ,gov]nm5t c\ld be ass]t$ & provid$ =4 ,?is 0 felt ke5ly 9 ! matt] ( obta9+ ! necess>y rev5ue to ma9ta9 ! ,gov]nm5t1 = ! ,cont95tal ,congress did n h ! p[] ( taxation & _h to dep5d ^u ! good w ( ! ,colonies4 ,! dem&s ^u ! ,cont95tal ,congress 7 _m4 ,! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce _h impov]i%$ ! ,colonies4 ,!re 7 ! debts ( w> incurr$ by ! ,cont95tal ,congress & also ! debts ( ! ,colonies !mselves--9 all1 #bj1jjj1jjj1 a huge sum 9 ^? days1 & a factor :i*1 z we %all see1 figur$ 9 ! location ( ! ,f$]al ,city s\? ( ! ,mason & ,dixon l9e4 ,!n1 too1 !re 0 an army ( soldi]s be+ dis*>g$1 ) no funds at h& to pay !m = _! s]vices4 ,prior to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,f$]al ,city on ! banks ( ! ,potomac1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress met 9 eight diff]5t cities & t[ns1 viz3 ,philadelphia1 ,septemb] #e1 #aggd1 to ,decemb] #ab1 #aggf4 ,baltimore1 ,decemb] #bj1 #aggf1 to ,febru>y #bg1 #aggg4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #d to ,septemb] #ah1 #aggg4 ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 ,septemb] #bg1 #aggg4 ,york1 ,pa41 ,septemb] #cj1 #aggg1 to ,june #bg1 #aggh4 ,philadelphia1 ,july #b1 #aggh1 to ,june #ba1 #aghc4 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4 ,j41 ,june #bf1 #aghc1 to ,novemb] #d1 #aghc4 ,annapolis1 ,md41 ,novemb] #bf1 #aghc1 to ,june #c1 #aghd4 ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j41 ,novemb]1 #aghd1 to ,decemb] #bd1 #aghd4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,janu>y #aa1 #aghe1 to ,m>* #d1 #aghi4 ,f ,m>* #b1 #agha1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 also call$ by "s ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,! fir/ ,congress "u ! ,con/itution met on ,m>* #d1 #aghi1 & adj\rn$ ,septemb] #bi1 #aghi4 ,on ,decemb] #f1 #agij1 ! ?ird session ( ! ,fir/ ,congress began 9 ,philadelphia1 :i* 0 ! tempor>y seat ( gov]nm5t until ,novemb]1 #ahjj4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 s]i\sly inconv5i5c$ by ?is mov+ f place to place4 ,!y c\ld n take ) !m _! records & files1 7 requir$ to seek protection1 & !re 0 lack ( adequate accommodations 9 "s ( ! t[ns :]e !y met4 ,9 ,pr9ceton ! sessions 7 held 9 ! college build+1 ,nassau ,hall1 :]e ! av]age att5dance 0 only #bb ,memb]s4 ,! sugge/ion _h be5 made 9 ,novemb]1 #aggi1 by "s ,memb]s t ! ,congress pur*ase a few squ>e miles ne> ,pr9ceton village1 :]eon to erect public (fices & build+s = a p]man5t home = ,congress4 ,! two lead+ factors t ent]$ into ! "q ( e/abli%m5t ( a seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 jurisdiction & geographical location4 ,x 0 deem$ v important to give to ! ,national ,capital a c5tral location along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,debates on ?is "q cont9u$ until #agij4 ,on ,janu>y #bi1 #aghc1 ! tru/ees ( ! corporation ( ,k+/on1 ,n4 ,y41 took ! fir/ record$ action by s5d+ a memorial to ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,legislature t 8_! e/ate be erect$ into a sep>ate di/rict = ! ,honorable ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,x 0 propos$ to grant to ,congress #a squ>e mile )9 ! limits ( ! t[n ( ,k+/on1 & ! ,new ,york ,legislature cons5t$ to ?is by ! adoption ( a resolution on ,m>* #ad1 #aghc4 ,^u ! sugge/ion ( ,alex&] ,hamilton & ,william ,floyd ?is area 01 9 ,septemb]1 increas$ to #b squ>e miles4 ,on ,may #ab1 #aghc1 ! corporation ( ,annapolis adopt$ a resolution call+ ^u ! ,m>yl& ,legislature to all[ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t at ,annapolis1 because ( its c5tral location along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress took note ( ?is on ,june #d1 #aghc4 ,new ,j]sey1 on ,june #ai1 #aghc1 (f]$ a site any:]e 9 ! ,/ate4 ,on ,june #bh1 #aghc1 ! ,legislature ( ,virg9ia (f]$ to ,congress ! t[n ( ,williamsburg & agre$ to pres5t ! capitol1 ! palace1 & all ! public build+s1 toge!r ) #cjj acres ( l& adjo9+ ! city1 & a sum ( money n to exce$ #ajj1jjj4 ,?is money 0 to be exp5d$ 9 erect+ #ac hotels = ! ,delegates to ,congress4 ,also ! t[n w\ld c$e a di/rict contigu\s to x n exce$+ #e miles squ>e4 ,! legislature also (f]$ to c$e a l di/rict on ! banks ( ! ,potomac & to assure a sum n exce$+ #ajj1jjj = ! erection ( hotels1 & w\ld also pur*ase #ajj acres ( l& = ! erection ( public build+s4 ,virg9ia (f]$ to c$e l& along ! banks ( ! ,potomac if ,m>yl& w\ld unite & (f] a simil> tract on ! opposite bank ( ! riv]2 b %\ld ,congress build on ! ,m>yl& side only ! sum ( #dj1jjj w\ld be appropriat$ & ! ,/ate w\ld be expect$ to supply ! defici5cy4 ,! (f]s ( ,new ,york & ,m>yl&1 z record$ 9 ! proce$+s ( ,congress ( ,june #d1 #aghc1 hav+ emphasiz$ ! importance ( ! subject to e/abli% a p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t1 we are told 9 ! annals ( ,madison t a day 9 ,octob] 0 nam$ :5 ! subject w\ld be consid]$4 ,h[ev]1 dur+ t v mon? a mut9y ( dissatisfi$ soldi]s took place4 ,a b& ( soldi]s />t$ f ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 on ,june #ag1 #aghc1 = ,philadelphia1 to dem& f ! ,cont95tal ,congress ! money !n due4 ,congress appo9t$ a committee to appeal to ! executive c\ncil ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 9 session 9 ! same build+1 = protection aga9/ ! ?reat5$ attack by ! soldi]s1 b ! c\ncil refus$1 say+ t ! militia w\ld d\btless n be will+ to take up arms 8be=e _! res5tm5t %\ld be provok$ by "s actual outrages40 ,! soldi]s1 ab\t #cjj 9 numb]1 proce$$ to ! /ate-h\se--,indep5d5ce ,hall--:]e ,congress & ! executive c\ncil 7 9 session1 surr\nd$ t build+1 b attempt$ no viol5ce4 ,occasionally "s soldi] w\ld use (f5sive language & po9t 8 musket at ! w9d[s ( ! ,halls ( ,congress1 b at night ! soldi]s dep>t$4 ,congress !reupon adj\rn$ ha/ily to meet 9 ,pr9ceton eight days lat]4 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton ord]$ a c\rt-m>tial1 9 :i* two ( ! mut9e]s 7 s5t5c$ to dea? & f\r to receive corporal puni%m5t2 b ! convict$ m5 7 all p>don$ by ,congress4 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton reg>d$ ! mut9e]s z 8recruits & soldi]s ( a day :o h n borne ! heat & burd5 ( w>1 & :o c h 9 reality v few h>d%ips to compla9 (40 ,! legislators 7 invit$ to return to ,philadelphia1 b ! (f] 0 refus$1 = ! reason t ! arm$ soldi]s _h grossly insult$ ,congress & x seem$ useless to apply to ! executive c\ncil = protection4 ,?is l$ to ! appo9tm5t ( a committee1 ( :i* ,james ,madison 0 *airman1 on ! subject ( a p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,!y submitt$ a report on ,septemb] #ah1 #aghc4 ,! committee report$ on two que/ions3 ,fir/1 ! ext5t ( ! di/rict necess>y2 second1 ! p[] to be ex]cis$ by ,congress 9 t di/rict4 ,z to ! fir/ "q1 x 0 report$ t a di/rict %\ld n be less ?an #c miles or m ?an #f miles squ>e2 & second1 t ,congress ought to h exclusive jurisdiction4 ,! report 0 ref]r$ to a committee z a :ole1 b !re is no record t fur!r action 0 tak54 ,:5 ! "q ( a p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t 0 aga9 tak5 up by ! ,cont95tal ,congress1 x 0 ! "q ( location t pr$om9at$2 ! "q ( exclusive jurisdiction _h g5]ally be5 conc$$4 ,! discussion 0 f9ally limit$ to two sites3 ,fir/1 a location on ! banks ( ! ,potomac at lea/ z f> s\? z ,georget[n1 :i* 0 favor$ p>ticul>ly by ! s\!rn ,memb]s ( ,congress z be+ ! geographical c5t] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 second1 a site on ! ,delaw>e ,riv] ne> ! falls above ,tr5ton1 :i* ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 & ! o!r ,/ates ne> by favor$4 ,on ,octob] #g1 #aghc1 ,congress decid$ t a p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t %\ld be e/abli%$ on ! ,delaw>e ,riv] site1 & a committee 0 appo9t$ to visit ! location4 ,t5 days lat]1 on ,octob] #ag1 #aghc1 ,congress decid$ t !re %\ld be a ,national ,capital at ! l[] falls ( ! ,potomac1 at ,georget[n4 ,?is is ! fir/ m5tion ( ! pres5t location ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,p5d+ ! completion ( necess>y build+s1 x 0 decid$ t ! ,cont95tal ,congress w\ld meet at ,tr5ton & ,annapolis4 ,b ! idea ( hav+ two capitals 0 ridicul$ by su* m5 z ,francis ,hopk9son1 :o sugge/$ t !re be "o ,f$]al t[n to be plac$ on a plat=m support$ by :eels & two places ( resid5ce4 ,z to a /atue ( ,george ,wa%+ton t _h be5 au?oriz$ by ,congress at ! same session1 he sugge/$ x be plac$ on :eels & be tak5 to :]ev] ,congress met4 ,! idea ( hav+ two capitals 0 ab&on$ by legislation adopt$ at ,tr5ton on ,decemb] #bc1 #aghd4 ,two ye>s elaps$ be=e ,congress took up ! subject aga94 ,9 ! meantime a movem5t began1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 to promote trade relations betwe5 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & to e/abli% trade ) ! we/]n fronti] by ! con/ruction ( a canal along ! banks ( ! ,potomac4 ,wa%+ton became presid5t ( ! ,potomac ,company at ! "t ( its organization 9 #aghe1 & 0 its guid+ _s = a p]iod ( f\r ye>s1 until #aghi1 :5 he resign$ f t (fice to take up 8 duties z fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a trade conv5tion1 held at ,annapolis1 l$ to ! call = ! ,con/itutional ,conv5tion1 ,febru>y #ba1 #aghg1 to meet 9 ,philadelphia 9 ,may ( t ye>4 ,on ,may #bi1aghg1 ! draft ( ! ,con/itution submitt$ by ,*>les ,p9ckney1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 fir/ m5tions ! section relat+ to ! ,f$]al di/rict 9 ! =m 9 :i* x became a "p ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,art4 ,i1 sec4 #h1 p>4 #ag71 "u ! p[]s ( ,congress-- ,to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* di/rict 7n exce$+ #aj miles squ>e7 z may1 by cession ( p>ticul> ,/ates1 & ! acceptance ( ,congress1 become ! seat ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to ex]cise l au?ority ov] all places pur*as$ by ! cons5t ( ! legislature ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! same %all be1 = ! erection ( =ts1 magaz9es1 ars5als1 docky>ds1 & o!r ne$ful build+s4 ,!re 0 objection on ! "p ( "s le/ su* a provision 9 ! ,f$]al ,con/itution w\ld create a gov]nm5t t w\ld become despotic & tyrannical & result 9 unju/ discrim9ation 9 matt]s ( trade & comm]ce betwe5 ! m]*ants )9 & outside ( ! di/rict4 ,b on ! o!r h& ! advocates = a ,f$]al ,city ov] :i* ,congress w\ld h exclusive jurisdiction call$ att5tion to ! great importance = ! ,gov]nm5t to h a p]man5t resid5ce = ! ,congress & ! executive dep>tm5ts1 ) _! files & records prop]ly h\s$1 & cit$ ! mut9y 9 ,philadelphia z an illu/ration z to :at might happ5 to ! ,gov]nm5t aga9 9 ! abs5ce ( su* ,f$]al au?ority4 ,on ,septemb] #ag1 #aghg1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 adopt$ & soon aft] 0 ratifi$ by a majority ( ! ,/ates4 ,:5 ! "t came = ! inauguration ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton1 on ,april #cj1 #aghi1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 complet+ its sessions1 hav+ resid$ 9 t city f #aghe1 a p]iod ( f\r ye>s4 ,( a population ( #be1jjj 9 #aggf1 ! city 9 #aghi _h a population ( only half t numb]1 due to ! cont9u\s occupation by ! ,briti% ,army = a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s4 ,dur+ ! evacuation ! city 0 p>tly ru9$4 ,b a new era began2 trade increas$1 & ! city began to gr[ rapidly4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 meet+ 9 ! old city hall1 :i* _h be5 us$ by ! ,briti% z a prison & 0 9 a dilapidat$ condition4 ,z ,wa%+ton 0 to be inaugurat$ 9 ,new ,york1 ! p ?\ght t city w\ld become ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 s ! city hall 0 torn d[n & a new build+ erect$ on ! site :]e ! subtreasury build+ on ,wall ,/reet n[ /&s4 ,x 0 recogniz$ t ! pres5ce ( t national body 0 a valuable asset to ! city4 ,pi]re ,*>les ,l',enfant1 :o late 9 #agia made ! plan = ! ,f$]al ,city1 0 select$ to design & con/ruct ! build+4 ,:5 ! ,memb]s ( ,congress assembl$ = ! ,fir/ ,congress "u ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 !y met 9 a build+ con/ruct$ ) classical ar*es & columns1 pa9t$ ceil+s & m>ble pavem5ts1 & furni%$ 9 a magnific5t mann] ) crimson damask canopies & hang+s4 ,! ext]ior 0 m>k$ by a portico ) arcad$ front & highly decorat$ p$im5ts4 ,b ! build+ _h be5 erect$ too rapidly to endure p]man5tly2 poor "w _h be5 done1 & 9 a few ye>s x 0 demoli%$4 ,! build+ 0 call$ ,f$]al ,hall4 ,"h on ,april #cj1 #aghi1 a date nev] to be =gott5 9 ! annals ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 ,george ,wa%+ton 0 inaugurat$ fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! spot :]e ,g5]al ,wa%+ton /ood is n[ m>k$1 z ne>ly z possible1 by ! ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,w>d /atue ( ! fir/ ,presid5t1 :i* /&s 9 front ( ! subtreasury build+ on ,wall ,/reet4 ,j inside ! door1 pres]v$ "u glass1 is a br[n/one slab on :i* is inscrib$3 ,,/&+ ,,on ,,?is ,,/one1 ,,9 ,,! ,,balcony ,,( ,,f$]al ,,hall1 ,,april #cj1 #aghi1 ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,,took ,,! ,,oa? ,,z ,,! ,,fir/ ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,dur+ ! sessions ( ?is ,congress long & c>eful consid]ation 0 giv5 to ! "q ( a p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,x _h its place ) great problems be=e ,congress at ! "t--z ! rev5ue bill1 :i* w\ld provide money = ! newly e/abli%$ ,republic1 creat+ executive dep>tm5ts1 plans = ! fund+ ( ! public debt & ! assumption ( ,/ate debts1 disposal ( public l&s1 & e/abli%+ a judicial sy/em4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! la/ mon? ( ! session ! "q ( a resid5ce = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 0 br\ght up4 ,prote/ 0 made aga9/ consid]ation ( ! subject 9 view ( ! o!r important que/ions p5d+ be=e ,congress t seem$ to "s to be m urg5t1 also because1 !y said1 ,congress 0 prop]ly h\s$1 & t o!r t[ns l ,tr5ton1 ,g]mant[n1 ,c>lisle1 ,lanca/]1 ,york1 & ,read+ w\ld be glad to h ,congress locate ) !m4 ,h[ev]1 ! s\!rn ,memb]s1 l$ by ,ri*>d ,bl& ,lee & ,james ,madison1 ,repres5tatives f ,virg9ia1 argu$ = pres5t consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,!y favor$ ! ,potomac ,riv] site at lea/ z f> s\? z ,georget[n1 :i* !y ass]t$ w\ld be geographically ! c5t] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y claim$ = _! section ( ! c\ntry 9 ?is matt] ! consid]ation ( ju/ice & equality4 ,!y argu$ t !re 0 no "q m important--"o 9 :i* ! p ( ! c\ntry 7 s deeply int]e/$ & "o on ! settlem5t ( :i* ! peace & ! p]man5t exi/5ce ( ! c\ntry s mu* dep5d$4 ,! "q ( location f9ally resolv$ itself into ! consid]ation ( two localities3 ,fir/1 a site ne> ! falls ( ! ,susquehanna1 at ,wrights ,f]ry1 ,pa41 #ce miles f tidewat]2 & second1 a site at ,georget[n1 ,md41 ne> ! l[] falls ( ! ,potomac4 ,great /ress 0 laid on ! importance ( a site t w\ld place ! seat ( gov]nm5t on a navigable /ream f> en\gh f ! sea to be safe f ho/ile attacks4 ,b x 0 also deem$ v important to select a place t w\ld (f] means ( communication ) ! we/]n c\ntry1 :i* 0 a subject1 z we h se51 9 :i* ,george ,wa%+ton 0 int]e/$ = ye>s previ\sly4 ,?is argum5t 0 effective1 z x (f]$ advantages = c>ry+ on trade ) ! va/ we/]n c\ntry = :i* ! ,potomac ,company _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! subject receiv$ ! consid]ation ( bo? ! ,h\se & ,s5ate 9 ,septemb]1 #aghi1 b its f9al consid]ation 0 def]r$ until ! foll[+ ye>1 9 ,june1 #agij4 ,! s\!rn ,memb]s1 especially ! ,repres5tatives ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 7 p>ticul>ly active1 believ+ a decision on ! ,potomac ,riv] site 0 9 _! favor4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #aghi1 ,virg9ia _h made a grant ( #abj1jjj1 & a sum equal to two-?irds ( t am\nt _h be5 vot$ by ! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& = ! con/ruction ( build+s1 9 addition to _! will+ness to c$e ! portion ( ! #aj-mile squ>e 9 _! respective ,/ates along ! ,potomac ,riv] desir$ = ! ,f$]al di/rict4 ,! f9al disposition ( ?is "q 0 settl$ by compromise4 ,at ! "t ,hamilton _h ! fund+ bill be=e ,congress1 & lack$ "o vote 9 ! ,s5ate & five 9 ! ,h\se to secure its passage1 he came to an agreem5t ) ,rob]t ,morris1 f9anci] ( ! ,revolution1 on ! "q ( location ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,also1 ,?omas ,jeff]son tells u1 9 8 8,anas10 ( a d9n] giv5 by him at :i* ! resid5ce "q 0 discuss$ & an agreem5t rea*$ :]eby ! s\!rn ,memb]s agre$ to ! fund+ bill 9 consid]ation ( ! designation ( ,philadelphia z ! seat ( gov]nm5t = a #aj-ye> p]iod & !reaft] along ! ,potomac4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,! ,,tempor>y ,,& ,,p]man5t ,,seats ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives _h propos$ a bill nam+ ,baltimore z ! site1 b ! ,s5ate /ruck out ?is provision1 & on ,july #a1 #agij1 vot$ #ad to #ab = ! ,potomac ,riv] site betwe5 ! m\? ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran* & ! ,connogo*egue1 a tribut>y ( ! ,potomac1 #bj miles s\? ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ate l9e4 ,! bill :i* became a law ,july #af1 #agij1 reads z foll[s3 ,an ,act = e/abli%+ ! tempor>y & p]man5t seat ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,,section #a4 ,be x enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ,congress assembl$1 ,t a di/rict ( t]ritory1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 to be locat$ z h]eaft] direct$ on ! riv] ,potomac1 at "s place betwe5 ! m\?s ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran* & ,connogo*egue1 be1 & ! same is h]eby1 accept$ = ! p]man5t seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,provid$ nev]!less1 ,t ! op]ation ( ! laws ( ! /ate )9 su* di/rict %all n be affect$ by ?is acceptance1 until ! "t fix$ = ! removal ( ! gov]nm5t !reto1 & until ,congress %all o!rwise by law provide4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be au?oriz$ to appo9t1 & by supply+ vacancies happ5+ f refusals to act or o!r causes1 to keep 9 appo9tm5t z long z may be necess>y1 ?ree commission]s1 :o1 or any two ( :om1 %all1 "u ! direction ( ! ,presid5t1 survey1 & by prop] metes & b\nds def9e & limit a di/rict ( t]ritory1 "u ! limitations above m5tion$2 & ! di/rict s def9$1 limit$ & locat$1 %all be deem$ ! di/rict accept$ by ?is act1 = ! p]man5t seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,sec4 #c4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t ! said commission]s1 or any two ( !m1 %all h p[] to pur*ase or accept su* quantity ( l& on ! ea/]n side ( ! said riv]1 )9 ! said di/rict1 z ! ,presid5t %all deem prop] = ! use ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & accord+ to su* plans z ! ,presid5t %all approve1 ! said commission]s1 or any two ( !m1 %all1 prior to ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$1 provide suitable build+s = ! accommodation ( ,congress1 & ( ! ,presid5t1 & = ! public (fices ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,sec4 #d4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t = defray+ ! exp5se ( su* pur*ases & build+s1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be au?oriz$ & reque/$ to accept grants ( money4 ,,sec4 #e4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t prior to ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb] next1 all (fices atta*$ to ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be remov$ to1 & until ! said fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$1 %all rema9 at ! city ( ,philadelphia1 9 ! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 at :i* place ! session ( ,congress next ensu+ ! pres5t %all be held4 ,,sec4 #f4 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t on ! said fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$1 ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all1 by virtue ( ?is act1 be transf]r$ to ! di/rict & place a=esaid4 ,& all (fices atta*$ to ! said seat ( gov]nm5t1 %all accord+ly be remov$ !reto by _! respective hold]s1 & %all1 aft] ! said day1 cease to be ex]cis$ else:]e2 & t ! necess>y exp5se ( su* removal %all be defray$ out ( ! duties on impo/s & tonnage1 ( :i* a suffici5t sum is h]eby appropriat$4 ,x is said t ! l(tie/ m9ds ( ,congress 7 sway$ by ! judgm5t ( ,george ,wa%+ton 9 ?is matt]4 ,!y agre$ ) him t ,am]ica %\ld e/abli% ! prec$5t ( a nation locat+ & f\nd+ a city = its p]man5t capital by legislative enactm5t4 ,fur!rmore1 !y wi%$ to honor t fir/ ,presid5t & great g5]al & c\nselor1 :o _h made _! indep5d5ce possible1 by conf]r+ ^u him ! p[] to select = ?is ,f$]al ,city ! locality he _h 9 prophetic vision *os5 z a suitable site = ! capital ( ! ,republic4 ,by ?is act ,congress express$ its fai? 9 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton by p]mitt+ him to e/abli% ! capital any:]e along ! ,potomac betwe5 ! ,ea/]n ,bran* & ! ,connogo*egue1 a di/ance ( #hj miles4 ,! b\nd>ies ( no o!r city 7 ev] fix$ ) m c]ta9ty4 ,x is record$ t ,george ,wa%+ton 0 h>ass$ by ! importunities ( anxi\s resid5ts & aggressive speculators1 b t he nev] wav]$ 9 8 purpose to select = ! site ( ! ,f$]al ,city t :i* 9 =m] ye>s he _h *os5 = ! ,f$]al home ^u ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,republic4 ,by proclamation ( ,janu>y #bd1 #agia1 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton direct$ t a prelim9>y survey be made1 or1 9 ! ,presid5t's words1 8l9es ( exp]im5t0 7 to be run4 ,?is survey 0 sub/antially 9 accord ) ! l9es subsequ5tly adopt$1 mov+ ! s\!rn b\nd>y po9t ( ! 8t5 miles squ>e0 f>!r s\? s z to include a conv5i5t "p ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran* & also ! t[n ( ,alex&ria4 ,! act ( ,july #af1 #agij1 0 !reupon am5d$ accord+ly by act approv$ ,m>* #c1 #agia1 z foll[s3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ,congress assembl$1 ,t s mu* ( ! act1 entitl$ 8,an act = e/abli%+ ! tempor>y & p]man5t seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 z requires t ! :ole ( ! di/rict ( t]ritory1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 to be locat$ on ! riv] ,potomac1 = ! p]man5t seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be locat$ above ! m\? ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran* be & is h]eby repeal$1 & t x %all be lawful = ! ,presid5t to make any "p ( ! t]ritory bel[ ! said limit1 & above ! m\? ( ,hunt+ ,creek1 a "p ( ! said di/rict1 s z to include a conv5i5t "p ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran*1 & ( ! l&s ly+ on ! l[] side !re( & also ! t[n ( ,alex&ria1 & ! t]ritory s to be includ$1 %all =m a "p ( ! di/rict n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 = ! p]man5t seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 l mann] & to all int5ts & purposes1 z if ! same _h be5 )9 ! purview ( ! above recit$ act3 ,provid$1 ,t no?+ h]e9 conta9$1 %all au?orize ! erection ( public build+s o!rwise ?an on ! ,m>yl& side ( ! riv] ,potomac1 z requir$ by ! a=esaid act4 ,?us )9 a p]iod ( n9e mon?s ! limits ( ! ,f$]al t]ritory 7 e/abli%$4 ,! corn] /one 0 set ) appropriate c]emonies at ,jones ,po9t1 ,alex&ria1 ,va41 ,april #ae1 #agia4 ,n a c5t 0 advanc$ by ,congress = build+s or gr\nds4 ,9 fact1 ! ,treasury 0 empty1 & )\t cr$it ,congress 0 unable to give f9ancial assi/ance4 ,wa%+ton himself drew up ! orig9al agreem5t by :i* ! own]s 7 to convey ! l& to ! ,gov]nm5t :i* ! ,c9c9natus ( ! ,we/ b\ght f ! l&hold]s at #be p] acre4 ,( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,daniel ,web/] said1 at ! c]emonies = enl>g+ ! ,capitol to its pres5t size1 on ,july #d1 #ahea3 ,he heads a %ort procession ov] nak$ fields1 he crosses yond] /ream on a fall5 tree1 he asc5ds to ! top ( ?is em95ce1 :]e orig9al oaks ( ! =e/ /ood z ?ick ar\nd z if ! spot _h be5 devot$ to ,druidical wor%ip1 & "h he p]=m$ ! appo9t$ duty ( ! day4 ,9 e>li] ye>s ,wa%+ton _h not$ ! beauty ( ! broad em95ce on :i* ! ,capitol 0 de/9$ to be re>$1 & _h m>k$ ! bread? ( ! picture & ! /rong colors ( ! l&scape ) its environ+ wall ( wood$ heights1 :i* roll$ back aga9/ ! sky z if to inclose a beautiful area fit = ! supreme delib]ation ( ! gov]nm5tal affairs ( a great ,republic 9 ! ,new ,_w1 f\nd$ on ! tru?s 8t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess40 ,^! tru?s1 z set =? 9 ! unanim\s decl>ation ( ! ?irte5 orig9al colonies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica adopt$ ,july #d1 #aggf1 =m$ ! basis ( ! ,magna ,*>ta ( ,am]ican lib]ty1 kn[n to u z ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,e>ly ,,settlem5ts ,,along ,,! ,,potomac ,some:at m ?an a c5tury & a half be=e 79 #afjh7 ,capt4 ,john ,smi? & 8 m5 sail$ up ! ,patawomeck & visit$ ! site ( ! future ,f$]al ,city4 ,! fam\s adv5tur] only p>tially explor$ ! c\ntry1 ! pr9cipal item 9 ! log book ( 8 voyage be+ t !y f\nd ! riv] full ( lusci\s fi% & its %ores l9$ ) f]oci\s savages4 ,!y met ) opposition f ,*ief ,p[hatan & 7 subject to cont9ual attacks4 ,nev]!less ! exploration 0 cont9u$ up ! ,potomac z f> z ,little ,falls1 ab\t #e miles above ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,at ! "t ( ?is exploration !re 7 ab\t #cj tribes1 pr9cipal & subord9ate1 liv+ along ! %ores ( ,*esapeake ,bay 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,! *ief ( ^! pr9cipal tribes 7 ! ,p[hatans1 ! ,manahoacs1 & ! ,monacans4 ,! ,p[hatans liv$ along ! %ores ( ! ,*esapeake z f> nor? z ! ,patux5t 9 ,m>yl&1 & ! o!r two liv$ 9 ! t]ritory contigu\s to ! ,york & ,potomac ,riv]s4 ,! ,manahoacs & ! ,monacans1 :o 7 cont9u\sly at w> ) ! ,p[hatans 9 ,virg9ia1 inhabit$ ! pres5t ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! ,manahoacs 7 almo/ ext]m9at$ by w>1 pe/il5ce1 & spiritu\s liquors1 & ab\t #agab migrat$ to ! we/1 jo9+ ! ,iroquois & ! ,tusc>oras4 ,among ! small] tribes 7 ! ,nacot*ants & ! ,toags1 :o 7 fri5dly to ,capt4 ,john ,smi?4 ,! ,toags liv$ ne> ,m\nt ,v]non1 z is %[n by ! "n ,tauxem5t on ,capt4 ,john ,smi?'s map4 ,! ,moyaones liv$ directly opposite ,m\nt ,v]non1 9 ,m>yl&1 at ! m\? ( ! ,piscataway4 ,! ,nacot*ants liv$ j bel[ ! ,ea/]n ,bran*1 )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,!re is a tradition ( ! e>ly settl]s ( ,m>yl& t ! valley at ! foot ( ,capitol ,hill1 dra9$ by ,tib] ,creek1 0 a popul> fi%+ gr\nd ( ! ,indians1 & t !y ga!r$ n f> f !re1 at ,gre5leaf's ,po9t1 = _! c\ncils4 ,! ,indians ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia closely resembl$ ea* o!r4 ,^? ( ,m>yl& 7 desc5dants ( ! same race z ! ,p[hatans & spoke dialects ( ! great ,algonqu9 language4 ,p[hatan claim$ jurisdiction ov] ! ,patux5t1 b x is d\btful :e!r he ev] en=c$ ! claim4 ,! ,indians liv$ along ! banks ( ! riv]s 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 & ?us _m ,indian names1 sugge/$ by ! suffixes 8annock0 & 8any10 h come d[n to u1 z ! ,susquehanna1 ,rappahannock1 ,allegh5y1 & ,*ickahom9y4 ,! "n ,*esapeake is said to h come f ! ,algonqu9 language1 & ,potomac comes f ! ,indian "n ,patawomeck4 ,! ,p[hatans 7 won ov] to ! ,engli% by ! m>riage ( ,pocahontas to ,john ,rolfe1 b ! m>riage1 ?\gh notable 9 hi/ory1 (f]$ no advantages to ! settl]s4 ,! orig9al inhabitants 7 f9ally driv5 out by ! rel5tless ,iroquois4 ,among ! e>ly fight]s aga9/ ! ,indians 0 ,col4 ,john ,wa%+ton1 :o came to ,am]ica 9 #afeg & settl$ at ,bridges ,creek1 ,va41 lat] call$ ,wakefield4 ,he l$ #a1jjj m5 aga9/ ! ,susquehannas4 ,! ,m>yl& tribes 7 gradually consolidat$ ) ! ,piscataways1 & ab\t #agjj !y mov$ to a new settlem5t on ! l[] ,susquehanna1 ne> ,ba9bridge1 ,pa4 ,"h1 9 #agfe1 !y numb]$ ab\t #aej p]sons & 7 "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,iroquois4 ,!reaft] !y mov$ to ! ,ohio ,valley & jo9$ ! ,delaw>es4 ,to-day ! "n ,anaco/ia1 d]iv$ f ! "n ( ! small ,indian tribe ( ,nacot*ants1 rem9ds u ( ! occupation ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia by ,indians4 ,z has be5 said1 !y liv$ j bel[ ! ,ea/]n ,bran*1 9 a suburb ( ,wa%+ton kn[n z ,anaco/ia4 ,! great ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 is nam$ aft] !m4 ,!y 7 a tribe ( peaceful ,indians1 ab\t #hj 9 numb]1 & 7 k9d & well dispos$ to ,capt4 ,john ,smi? & 8 explor]s4 ,! "n ( ,anaco/ia 0 also giv5 to an isl& ne> ! %ores ( ,virg9ia1 at ,georget[n4 ,lat] x took ! "n ,analo/ian & also ,anaco/ian ,isl&4 ,:5 ,george ,mason1 prom95t delegate to ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 pur*as$ x 9 #aggg1 x came to be kn[n z ,masons ,isl&4 ,lat] x 0 call$ ,analo/an ,isl&4 ,/one implem5ts & fragm5ts ( pott]y & traces ( ,indian villages h be5 f\nd 9 ^! locations1 :i* give evid5ce ( habitations ( ! ,indians 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 ^? days4 ,x 0 a region favor$ by ! ,indians = its game ( all k9ds1 z well z fi%4 ,! soil 0 ri* & f]tile & crops 7 pl5tiful4 ,!n1 too1 ! climate 0 agreeable2 t is1 x did n h ! extreme cold ( ! ,nor?1 nor did ! inhabitants suff] f ! cont9u$ heat ( a tropical sun4 ,! latitude ( ,wa%+ton is #ch #eb #cg ,n4 & ! longitude #gf #ee #cj4ed ,w4 ,wea!r reports ( a hundr$ ye>s ago give #ig = ! av]age ( maximum 9 summ] & #bd above z]o = ! w9t]4 ,?is mild climate has _h its consequ5t effect on ! flora ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,a report ( ! ,botanical ,society ( ,wa%+ton1 made 9 #ahbe1 gives u ! names ( #hfj di/9ct species & v>ieties ( plants 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,to-day gr[ "h ! oak1 walnut1 hickory1 elm1 maple1 & o!r h>dy trees2 p9e trees 9 all _! v>ieties1 & magnolia1 also ! rhodod5dron1 laurel1 box bu%es1 privet h$ges1 holly2 & roses bloom 9 ,wa%+ton almo/ ! entire ye>4 ,9 spr+ ! beautiful ,japanese *]ry trees add *>m to ! city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton1 #agib ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,capital ,,! ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,site ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,city ,! fir/ m5tion ( ! upp] ,potomac & adjac5t regions to ,indianhead1 ab\t #ce miles s\? ( ,wa%+ton1 is made by ,capt4 ,john ,smi?1 :o explor$ ?is region f ! ,jame/[n settlem5t 9 ,virg9ia 9 #afjh4 ,9 #afcd ,h5ry ,fleet1 :o 0 tak5 captive by ,indians1 visit$ ! falls ( ! ,potomac4 ,9 #afce a tract ( l& 7#djj acres7 call$ ,rome 0 laid out = ,francis ,pope1 g5tleman4 ,! ,capitol is said to be on ?is l&4 ,9 #agij ! region 9 :i* ! city ( ,wa%+ton has be5 built 0 9 ! =m ( #ag l>ge f>m tracts1 z is %[n on ! foll[+ page4 ,!y 7 cov]$ ) woods & /reams2 ! arable portions 7 till$ & produc$ :eat1 maize1 & tobacco4 ,two hamlets1 ,c>rollsburg 7:]e ! ,w> ,college n[ /&s71 & ,hamburg 7ab\t :]e ! ,naval ,hospital is locat$71 :i* 0 !n s\!a/ ( ! ?riv+ port ( ,georget[n1 7 )9 ! limits ( ! e>ly survey4 ,on ,april #cj1 #aghc1 #ai days aft] ! proclamation ( peace betwe5 ! ,am]ican ,colonies & ,engl&1 ! subject ( a p]man5t capital = ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,/ates 0 br\ght up 9 ,congress4 ,! act ( ,july #af1 #agij1 h]et(ore cit$1 provid$ = ! selection ( a p]man5t site on ! upp] ,potomac ,riv] = ! ,national ,capital-- accord+ to su* plans z ! ,presid5t %all approve & prior to ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 #ahjj1 & suitable build+s = ! accommodation ( ,congress1 & ( ! ,presid5t1 & = ! public (fices ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ,janu>y #bb1 #agia1 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton appo9t$ ?ree commission]s--,daniel ,c>roll & ,?omas ,johnson1 ( ,m>yl&1 & ,david ,/u>t1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,by proclamation ( ,janu>y #bd1 #agia1 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton direct$ t ! ?ree commission]s appo9t$ pursuant to ! act approv$ ,july #af1 #agij1 8proce$ =?) to run ! said l9es ( exp]im5t &1 ! same be+ run1 to survey & by prop] metes & b\nds to def9e & limit ! "p )9 ! same10 :i* 7 sub/antially 9 accord ) ! l9es subsequ5tly adopt$1 mov+ ! s\!rn b\nd>y po9t ( ! #aj miles squ>e f>!r s\?1 s z to include a conv5i5t "p ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran* & also ! t[n ( ,alex&ria4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton ,,9 ,,embryo ,:5 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton arriv$ 9 ! future ,national ,capital he f\nd ! great task be=e him 0 to br+ into h>mony ! rival int]e/s ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran*1 or ,c>rollsburg1 & ( ,georget[n4 ,! prop]ty hold]s ( ,c>rollsburg appe>$ to be anxi\s t ! new public build+s be locat$ 9 _! t[n4 ,david ,burnes1 :o own$ mu* ( ! l& t n[ lies betwe5 ! ,:ite ,h\se & ! ,capitol1 0 ke5 to h1 on condition t he give up "p ( 8 prop]ty1 ! public build+s locat$ !re4 ,?us f ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! city !re has be5 rivalry betwe5 v>i\s sections ( ! city :ile ! ,gov]nm5t 0 plann+ = its developm5t4 ,! controv]sy betwe5 ! l&hold]s l$ ,?omas ,jeff]son to make a r\gh outl9e plan = a city "o-f\r? less 9 size ?an t :i* ,george ,wa%+ton _h 9 m9d1 to be built 9 ! vic9ity ( ,georget[n4 ,?is sket* %[$ ! ,capitol build+ at ! site ( ! t[n call$ ,hamburg1 ab\t :]e ! ,naval ,hospital is n[ locat$2 f !re ea/w>d public walks or a ,mall 0 plann$1 ) ! location ( ! ,presid5t's ,h\se at ab\t ! pres5t ,n9ete5? ,/reet1 s\? ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,jeff]son also propos$ a rectangul> sy/em ( /reets1 9 contra/ ) ! op5 spaces & radiat+ av5ues plann$ by ,l',enfant1 :o also rev]s$ ! position ( ! ,capitol by plac+ t to ! ea/ ( ! ,presid5t's ,h\se on ,j5k9's ,hill4 ,,t]ms ,,( ,,orig9al ,,agreem5t ,! t]ms ( ! sale ( l& to ! ,gov]nm5t 7 agre$ to on ,m>* #cj1 #agia1 "u :i* ! orig9al own]s agre$ to convey to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 free ( co/1 su* portions ( _! f>ms z 7 ne$$ = /reets1 p>ks1 & o!r public res]vations2 & to sell su* l& z 0 ne$$ = ,gov]nm5t build+s & public improvem5ts at #be p] acre 7ab\t #fg74 ,! rema9+ l& 0 to be laid out 9 build+ lots & apportion$ equally betwe5 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & ! orig9al own]s4 ,rufus ,r4 ,wilson1 9 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,capital ,city1 says3 ,9 ?is way1 )\t advanc+ a doll> & at a total co/ ( #cf1jjj1 ! ,gov]nm5t acquir$ a tract ( #fjj acres 9 ! he>t ( ! city4 ,! #aj1acf build+ lots assign$ to x ultimately prov$ to be wor? #hej1jjj1 & n[ repres5t a value ( #gj1jjj1jjj4 ,%rewd f9anci] z he 01 x is d\btful if ,wa%+ton ev] made ano!r s good a b>ga9 z t ) ,burnes & 8 neighbors4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ! agreem5t3 ,,! ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,presid5t ,,wa%+ton ,,) ,,! ,,orig9al ,,proprietors ,we1 ! subscrib]s1 9 consid]ation ( ! great b5efits we expect to d]ive f hav+ ! ,f$]al ,city laid (f ^u our ,l&s1 d h]eby agree & b9d ourselves1 heirs1 executors1 & adm9i/rators1 to convey1 9 ,tru/1 to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ,commission]s1 or su* p]son or p]sons z he %all appo9t1 by good & suffici5t de$s1 9 ,fee simple1 ! :ole ( our respective ,l&s :i* he may ?9k prop] to include )9 ! l9es ( ! ,f$]al ,city1 = ! purposes & on ! conditions foll[+3 ,! ,presid5t %all h ! sole p[] ( direct+ ! ,f$]al ,city to be laid (f 9 :at mann] he pleases4 ,he may reta9 any numb] ( ,squ>es he may ?9k prop] = public ,improvem5ts1 or o!r public ,uses1 & ! lots only :i* %all be laid (f %all be a jo9t prop]ty betwe5 ! ,tru/ees on behalf ( ! public1 & ea* pres5t proprietor1 & ! same %all be fairly & equally divid$ betwe5 ! public & ! ,individuals1 z soon z may be1 aft] ! ,city %all be laid (f4 ,= ! /reets ! proprietors %all receive no comp5sation2 b = ! squ>es or ,l&s 9 any =m1 :i* %all be tak5 = public build+s1 or any k9d ( public improvem5ts1 or uses1 ! proprietors1 ^: l&s %all be s tak51 %all receive at ! rate ( tw5ty-five p\nds p] acre1 to be paid by ! public4 ,! :ole wood on ! ,l&s %all be ! prop]ty ( ! proprietors4 ,b %\ld any be desir$ by ! presid5t to be res]v$ or left /&+1 ! same %all be paid = by ! public at a j & reasonable valuation1 exclusive ( ! tw5ty-five p\nds p] acre to be paid = ! l&1 on :i* ! same %all rema94 ,ea* proprietor %all reta9 ! full possession & use ( 8 l&1 until ! same %all be sold & occupi$ by ! pur*as]s ( ! ,lots laid out !reupon1 & 9 all cases :]e ! public arrangem5ts z to /reets1 lotts1 c41 w admit ( x1 ea* proprietor %all possess 8 build+s & o!r improvem5ts1 & gravey>ds1 pay+ to ! public only "o-half ! pres5t e/imat$ value ( ! ,l&s1 on :i* ! same %all be1 or twelve p\nds t5 %ill+s p] acre4 ,b 9 cases :]e ! arrangem5ts ( ! /reets1 lotts1 squ>es1 c41 w n admit ( ?is1 & x %all become necess>y to remove su* build+s1 ,improvem5ts1 c41 ! proprietors ( ! same %all be paid ! reasonable value !re(1 by ! public4 ,no?+ h]e9 conta9$ %all affect ! ,lotts :i* any ( ! p>ties to ?is ,agreem5t may hold 9 ! ,t[ns ( ,c>rollsburgh or ,hamburgh4 ,9 witness :]e( we h h]eunto set our h&s & ,seals1 ?is ?irtie? day ( ,m>*1 #agia4 ,sign$ ,sign$ seal$ 9 pres5ce ( u--,mr4 ,,rob]t ,,pet] 7,seal7 ,,?os4 ,,beall1 mak+ an exception ( ! ,,david ,,burnes 7,seal7 ,l&s he sold ,abraham ,"y n yet ,,jas4 ,m4 ,,l+an 7,seal7 convey$4 ,,uriah ,,=re/ 7,seal7 ,witness to all ! subscrib]s includ+ ,,b5j4 ,,/odd]t 7,seal7 ,,william ,,"y ,,notley ,,"y 7,seal7 ,,william ,,bayly ,,dan4 ,,c>roll ( ,dn4 7,seal7 ,,william ,,rob]tson ,,ov]ton ,,c>r 7,seal7 ,,john ,,sut] ,,?os4 ,,beall ( ,geo4 7,seal7 ,,samuel ,,davidson witness to ,,abraham ,,*>les ,,beatty 7,seal7 ,,"y's sign+ ,,an?ony ,,holmead 7,seal7 ,,b5j4 ,,/odd]t witness to ,,edw>d ,,peirce's ,,wm4 ,,"y 7,seal7 sign+4 ,,edw>d ,,peirce 7,seal7 ,,joseph ,e4 ,,r[les = ,,jno4 ,,w>+4 ,,abraham ,,"y 7,seal7 ,,wm4 ,,deak9s ,junr4 = ,,wm4 ,,pr\t ,,william ,,james ,,peirce 7,seal7 ,,k+ z attorney 9 fact4 ,,william ,,pr\t 7,seal7 ,,rob]t ,,pet]1 z attorney 9 fact = ,,eliphas ,,d\glass4 7,seal7 ,,b5j4 ,,/odd]t = ,,jno4 ,,w>+ by writt5 au?ority f ,mr4 ,w>+4 7,seal7 ,,william ,,k+ 7,seal7 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,b\nd>y ,,/ones ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,( ,,! ,,b\nd>y ,,/ones ,! l& :i* 0 be+ consid]$ = ! city prop] consi/$ ( ab\t #f1jjj acres4 ,9 lay+ out ! /reets #c1fjf acres 7 tak51 & ab\t #edj acres 7 b\ght by ! ,unit$ ,/ates z sites = ! public build+s & gr\nds4 ,! lots laid out numb]$ #bj1bgb4 ,( ^! ! ,unit$ ,/ates took half & ! prop]ty own]s 7 giv5 back ! rema9d]4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates sold its %>e ( ! lots & f ! proce$s paid = ! #edj acres on :i* x 0 to put ! public build+s4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates also took a fee-simple title to ! /reets & av5ues4 ,,b\nd>y ,,/ones ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,a survey ( an outl9e ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 made by ,&rew ,ellicott4 ,f ! initial po9t at ,jones ,po9t1 on ,hunt+ ,creek1 at ! ,potomac 7j s\? ( ,alex&ria71 a l9e 0 run due nor?we/ #aj miles2 !nce 7into ,m>yl&7 due nor!a/ #aj miles to a nor!rn b\nd>y po9t 7n[ call$ ,sixte5? ,/reet ,heights72 !nce due s\!a/ #aj miles2 !nce due s\?we/ #aj miles1 or back to ,jones ,po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\nd>y ,,/one ,,ne> ,,sixte5? ,,/reet1 ,,nor?we/ ,?is survey 0 approv$ by ,congress ) ! am5dm5t t all public build+s %\ld be erect$ on ! ,m>yl& side ( ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,on ,m>* #bi1 #agia1 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton arriv$ on a visit to ! ,potomac & /ay$ at ,sut]'s ,tav]n 9 ,georget[n4 ,! next day1 accompani$ by ! ?ree commission]s & ,maj4 ,pi]re ,*>les ,l',enfant & ,&rew ,ellicott1 he rode ov] ! gr\nd4 ,wa%+ton met ! own]s ( ! l& ! same night1 & ! g5]al t]ms 7 !n agre$ ^u & sign$ by ! #ai 8orig9al proprietors40 ,! area ( #ajj squ>e miles embrac$ ab\t #fd squ>e miles ( ,m>yl& soil 7c$$ previ\sly 9 #aghh7 & ab\t #cf squ>e miles ( ,virg9ia soil 7c$$ 9 #aghi74 ,!reupon ! ?ree city commission]s 7 ord]$ to h ! b\nd>y l9es p]man5tly m>k$ by monum5ts plac$ #a mile ap>t4 ,"o ( ^! b\nd>y /ones c be se5 to-day ne> ! nor? corn] ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,ea* /one 0 q l>ge1 & ?is p>ticul> "o is well pres]v$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,/udies ,:5 ! city ( ,wa%+ton 0 plann$ "u ! direct & m9ute sup]vision ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton & ,secret>y ( ,/ate ,jeff]son1 ! relations t %\ld exi/ betwe5 ! ,capitol & ! ,presid5t's ,h\se 7 closely /udi$4 ,on ,augu/ #g1 #agia1 ,l',enfant s5t a sket* to ,presid5t ,wa%+ton1 ) a note1 8! plan alt]$ agreeable to y\r sugge/ion40 ,inde$1 ! :ole city 0 plann$ ) a view to ! reciprocal relations t %\ld be ma9ta9$ among public build+s4 ,vi/as & axes2 sites = monum5ts & museums2 p>ks & pleasure g>d5s2 f\nta9s & canals--9 a ^w1 all t goes to make a city a magnific5t & consi/5t "w ( art 7 reg>d$ z ess5tial4 ,?us1 aside f ! pleasure & ! positive b5efits to heal? t ! p d]ive f public p>ks 9 a capital city l ,wa%+ton1 !re is a di/9ct use ( public spaces z ! indisp5sable means ( giv+ dignity to ,gov]nm5t build+s & ( mak+ suitable connections betwe5 ! great dep>tm5ts4 ,! orig9al plans 7 prep>$ aft] due /udy ( great models4 ,! /ately art ( l&scape ar*itecture _h be5 br\ght ov]sea by royal gov]nors & weal?y plant]s1 & bo? ,wa%+ton & ,jeff]son 7 famili> ) ! practice ( t art4 ,on ,septemb] #h1 #agia1 x 0 decid$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & ,james ,madison1 9 conf]5ce ) ! ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia-- to "n ! /reets ( ! ,f$]al ,city alphabetically "o way & num]ically ! o!r f ! ,capitol & t ! "n ( ! ,city & ,t]ritory %all be ! ,city ( ,wa%+ton & ! ,t]ritory ( ,columbia4 ,! city _h also be5 divid$ into f\r sections--namely1 nor!a/1 nor?we/1 s\!a/1 s\?we/--) ! ,capitol z ! c5t] & ,nor? & ,s\? ,capitol ,/reets divid+ ! ea/ & we/ sections & ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet & ! ,mall ! nor? & s\? sections4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,regulations ,,issu$ ,,by ,,presid5t ,,wa%+ton ,illu/ration3 ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,l',,enfant ,,plan ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,maj4 ,,pi]re ,,*>les ,l',,enfant ,maj4 ,pi]re ,*>les ,l',enfant 0 born 9 ,p>is ,augu/ #b1 #aged1 ! son ( an academician1 :o 0 8,pa9t] 9 ord9>y to ! ,k+ 9 8 ,manufacture ( ! ,gobel9s10 ) a turn = l&scape & especially = battles1 z is %[n by ! collections at ,v]sailles & ,t\rs4 ,tra9$ z a ,fr5* milit>y eng9e]1 "y ,l',enfant at ! age ( #bc obta9$ a commission z a volunte] lieut5ant 9 ! ,fr5* colonial troops1 s]v+ at 8 own exp5se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,maj4 ,,pi]re ,,*>les ,l',,enfant ,l',enfant prec$$ ,lafayette to ,am]ica by a mon?4 ,arriv+ 9 #aggg1 he ent]$ ! ,cont95tal ,army at 8 own exp5se4 ,9 ,febru>y #aggh he 0 made a capta9 ( eng9e]s & z su* prov$ 8 valor 9 battles ab\t ,*>le/on1 :]e he 0 w\nd$ & 0 includ$ 9 ! capitulation & ex*ang$4 ,he 0 made a major 9 #aghc4 ,he 0 8arti/ extraord9>y0 to ! ,army1 draw+ lik5esses 7includ+ "o ( ,wa%+ton at ,valley ,=ge71 decorat+ ballrooms1 & build+ banquet halls4 ,!n by turn he became a drillma/]1 l ,von ,/eub54 ,:5 peace 0 decl>$ he made a brief visit to ,france to see 8 fa!r &1 incid5tally1 to e/abli% ! ,society ( ! ,c9c9nati 9 ,france & procure ! gold eagles he _h design$ z insignia ( ! organization4 ,!n he return$ to remodel ! ,new ,york ,city ,hall = ! reception ( ! fir/ ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a build+ ( su* beauty nev] be=e hav+ be5 se5 by ! assembl$ repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,l',enfant 0 an arti/1 & ?is ,wa%+ton knew :5 he select$ him to design ! ,f$]al ,city4 ,he 0 imbu$ ) ! arti/ic developm5t ( ,p>is1 ) its f9e c5tral composition f ! ,tuil]ies to ! ,ar* ( ,triumph1 ! beauty ( ! ,*amps ,elysees1 ! ,place de la ,concorde & adjac5t great build+s z ! ,l\vre2 & ) ,v]sailles1 built by ,l\is ,,xiv1 ) its f\nta9s1 t]races1 g>d5s1 & p>ks1 :i* /ill ?rill ?\s&s ( visitors ea* ye>4 ,he und]/ood ! art ( city plann+4 ,l',enfant 0 long matur+ 9 8 m9d ! plan he s quickly put on pap]4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aghi1 :ile yet ! idea ( creat+ a capital city 0 /ill 9 ! air1 he wrote to ,presid5t ,wa%+ton ask+ to be employ$ to design 8! ,capital ( ?is va/ ,empire40 ,! nations ( ,europe wond]$ at ! probable future ( ! new ,republic4 ,visualiz+ ! future1 ,l',enfant wrote3 ,no nation ev] be=e _h ! opportunity (f]$ !m ( delib]ately decid+ ^u ! spot :]e _! capital city %\ld be fix$1 or ( consid]+ e necess>y consid]ation 9 ! *oice ( situation2 & al?\gh ! means n[ )9 ! p[] ( ! c\ntry are n su* z to pursue ! design to any great ext5t1 x w be obvi\s t ! plan %\ld be drawn on su* a scale z to leave room = t aggr&izem5t & embelli%m5t :i* ! increase ( ! weal? ( ! ,nation w p]mit x to pursue to any p]iod1 h[ev] remote4 ,major ,l',enfant1 a man ( position & education & an eng9e] ( ability1 0 also famili> ) ^? great works ( ! ma/] ,le ,ntre1 :i* are /ill ! admiration ( ! travel] & ! con/ant pleasure ( ! ,fr5* p4 ,moreov]1 f 8 well-/ock$ libr>y ,jeff]son s5t to ,l',enfant plans 8on a l>ge & accurate scale0 ( ,p>is1 ,am/]dam1 ,frank=t1 ,c>lsruhe1 ,/rasburg1 ,orleans1 ,tur91 ,milan1 & o!r ,european cities1 at ! same "t felicitat+ himself t ! ,presid5t _h 8left ! plann+ ( ! t[n 9 su* good h&s40 ,!reupon ! "n ( ,l',enfant became1 & has s9ce rema9$1 insep>ably associat$ ) ! plan & developm5t ( ! ,nation's ,capital4 ,he 0 gift$ b ecc5tric1 a *>act]i/ic t got him into _m & s]i\s difficulties4 ,presid5t ,wa%+ton _h high reg>d = him & wrote ( him z foll[s3 ,s9ce my fir/ k ( ! g5tleman's abilities 9 ! l9e ( 8 pr(ession1 ,i h view$ him n only z a sci5tific man1 b "o :o add$ consid]able ta/e to pr(essional k1 & t1 = su* employm5t z he is n[ engag$ 9--= project+ public works & c>ry+ !m into effect--he 0 bett] qualifi$ ?an anyone :o _h come )9 my k 9 ?is c\ntry1 or inde$ 9 any o!r1 ! probability ( obta9+ :om c\ld be c\nt$ ^u4 ,i _h no d\bt at ! same "t t ?is 0 ! light 9 :i* he consid]$ himself2 & ( c\rse he w\ld be t5aci\s ( 8 plans z to conceive !y w\ld be m>r$ if !y und]w5t any *ange or alt]ation4 99 99 99 ,%\ld 8 s]vices be lo/1 ,i "k n h[ to replace !m4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,l',,enfant ,,plan ,! ,l',enfant plan1 z be=e /at$1 0 prep>$ = ! ,f$]al ,city "u ! direction ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton & ,?omas ,jeff]son 9 #agia by ,maj4 ,pi]re ,*>les ,l',enfant1 & appli$ to ! #aj miles squ>e set ap>t z ,f$]al t]ritory & call$ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ & mo/ compreh5sive plan ev] design$ = any city4 ,x 0 a ma/]piece ( civic design4 ,z orig9ally drawn x ext5d$ only to ,florida ,av5ue ,,nw4 & 0 design$ = a city ( #hjj1jjj1 ! size ( ,p>is at ! "t4 ,x 0 submitt$ to ,congress by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton on ,decemb] #ac1 #agia4 ,! orig9al plan %[s explanatory notes & ref]5ces by ,major ,l',enfant1 among :i* he calls att5tion to ! position ( ! ma9 build+s & squ>es1 ! lead+ av5ues1 & ! plan ( int]section ( ! /reets & _! wid?4 ,! av5ues 7 to be #afj feet 9 wid?4 ,no city design$ m]ely = comm]cial purposes w\ld h av5ues ( su* wid?2 h5ce ! :ole plan indicates t x 0 especially design$ = ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,nation4 ,!re are two great focal po9ts 9 ! ,l',enfant plan--! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se--ea* ) its int]sect+ av5ues1 t add beauty & *>m to ! city & at ! same "t make di/ant p>ts ( ! city easy ( access4 ,! me?ods & features ( ,l',enfant's plan1 :i* includ$ ! reports & correspond5ce betwe5 ,l',enfant & ,presid5t ,wa%+ton1 9 #aicj 7 giv5 int5sive /udy by ,william ,t4 ,p>tridge1 consult+ ar*itect ( ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission4 ,mr4 ,p>tridge's f9d+s & 8 review ( ! features ( ! plan1 :i* are /ill possible ( atta9m5t1 con/itute a notable contribution to ! rese>* 9 ?is field1 & we quote at l5g?3 ,a /udy ( ,l',enfant's plan1 z well z a c>eful read+ ( 8 descriptions1 %[s ! ef=t made to model 8 design to ! exi/+ topography4 ,no m5tion c be f\nd ( ,v]sailles or ,london z an inspiration4 ,he reit]ates aga9 & aga9 9 8 lett]s t ?is plan ( 8 0 8orig9al0 & 8unique40 ,9 a lett] to ,jeff]son reque/+ "s ,old ,_w city maps he deprecates any copy+ & asks = ?is in=mation only z a means = comp>ison or to aid 9 ref9+ & /r5g!n+ 8 judgm5t4 ,9 ord] to inve/igate h[ f> ! exi/+ conditions ( ! site = ! ,f$]al ,city dictat$ ! plan ( pres5t ,wa%+ton1 a topographical map ( ! t]ra91 z exi/+ at t p]iod1 has be5 c>efully prep>$ f old maps & descriptions & an attempt made ) an op5 m9d to foll[ ,l',enfant's proc$ure4 ,mu* 0 assum$1 only to be corroborat$ by lat] /udy ( ! orig9al manuscripts & reports4 ,all pr9t$ transcriptions ( ,l',enfant's reports h be5 alt]$ by _! editors 9 ! ef=t to int]pret ,l',enfant's /range ,engli%1 a fact lead+ to mis9t]pretation on ! "p ( tra9$ ar*itectural comm5tators dep5d5t solely on ^! pr9t$ transcriptions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,l',,enfant ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,transcription ,,( ,,notes ,,inscrib$ ,,on ,l',,enfant ,,plan ,at ! conv5tion ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects held 9 ,wa%+ton 9 #aibi1 ! hi/ory & developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital 0 ! pr9cipal topic ( discussion4 ,! m]its ( ! plan ( ,l',enfant 7 duly ackn[l$g$ by all1 ?\gh emphasis 0 laid ^u ! progress ( ^? mod]n projects sponsor$ & c>ri$ ?r\gh l>gely by ! ef=ts ( ! in/itute or its individual memb]s4 ,! "w ( ! ,mc,millan ,commission & ! admirable recomm5dations ( t tra9$ & exp]i5c$ body1 t ! 8c5tral area0 be re/or$ ) "s resemblance to ,l',enfant's orig9al plan 7 g5]ally ackn[l$g$4 ,!re 0 no comp>ison1 h[ev]1 attempt$ betwe5 ! propos$ plan ( ,l',enfant & ! mu*-alt]$ mod]n plan1 nor 0 !re discussion 9 detail ( ! 8public walk0 ( ! orig9al design4 ,! real m]it ( ! orig9al ,l',enfant plan 0 s5s$ only by "o speak] at ! conv5tion m5tion$1 ,mr4 ,m$>y1 :5 he spoke ( ! e>ly /ructures ma9ta9+ _! places z dom9at+ elem5ts 9 ! orig9al design & confirm$ ! judgm5t ( ,l',enfant 89 fitt+ ! plan ( ! propos$ city to ! topography ( ! site40 ,!re has come d[n to u only a s+le manuscript plan :i* /ud5ts h accept$ z ! orig9al design & on :i* !y h bas$ all _! comm5ts4 ,?is draw+ depicts only an int]m$iate /age ( ! plan4 ,! fir/ plan 0 mu* alt]$ by ,l',enfant himself at ! reque/ ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton1 b by a c>eful /udy ( int]nal evid5ce ( ! lat] draw+ ! design]'s ma/]ly orig9al may be re/or$4 ,exi/+ docum5ts tell u t n only 7 consid]able *anges made 9 ! plan by ord] ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton1 b alt]ations 9 ! lay\t 7 also made by ,l',enfant's successors1 all ( :i* di/urb$ consid]ably its skillful symmetrical fitt+ to ! irregul> topography4 ,if ?is submitt$ re/oration proves correct1 !re is no gr\nd left = fur!r accusation ( 8 indebt$ness to bo? ,v]sailles & ! ,london plan = m9or details4 ,x is ! writ]'s conclusion t ,l',enfant did exactly :at he claim$--devis$ an orig9al plan1 entirely unique4 ,he arriv$ at 8 p>ti only aft] a c>eful /udy on ! spot ( ! be/ sites = ! pr9cipal build+s1 allocat$ 9 ! ord] ( _! importance1 & locat$ ) consid]ation ( bo? prom95ce & outlook4 ,he ti$ ^! sites toge!r by means ( a rectangul> sy/em ( /reets & aga9 connect$ !m by means ( diagonal av5ues4 ,! pr9cipal av5ues foll[$ closely ! exi/+ roads4 ,additional av5ues 7 ext5d$ to ! 8outroads0 or city entrances & 7 laid out prim>ily = ! purpose ( %ort5+ communication--an eng9e]+ consid]ation4 ,l',enfant m5tions t ! diagonal av5ues w\ld af=d a 8reciprocity ( sight0 & 8a v>iety ( pleasant ride & be+ comb9$ to insure a rapide ,int]c\rse ) all ! "p ( ! ,city to :i* !y w s]ve z does ! ma9 va9s 9 ! animal body to diffuse life ?r\gh small] vessels 9 quick5+ ! active motion to ! he>t40 ,! simil>ity ( ! angles ( ! two pr9cipal av5ues 7,p5nsylvania ea/1 f ,ea/]n ,bran* ,f]ry to ! ,capitol1 & ,m>yl& ea/1 f ! ,blad5sburg ,road entrance to ! ,capitol7 :i* foll[$ closely = "s di/ance ! exi/+ roads1 d\btless sugge/$ ! radial pair-av5ue idea4 ,?is 0 entirely accid5tal & ! outgr[? ( exi/+ conditions4 ,! sy/em ( a rectangul>-/reet plan ) radial av5ues is n only borne out by ! m5tion he makes himself 9 8 descriptions b 0 foll[$ by ,ellicott 9 8 r$raft+ ( ! plan = ! engrav]4 ,our arti/ic1 ha/y-temp]$ g5ius refus$ to give ,ellicott any docum5ts or any in=mation4 ,ellicott /ates 9 8 lett]s on ! subject t1 al?\gh he 0 refus$ ! orig9al plan1 he 0 famili> ) ,l',enfant's sy/em & _h _m notes ( ! surveys he _h made ( ! site himself1 s x is possible t ! plan 0 recreat$ by ,ellicott4 ,space & "t d n p]mit an excursion into ! squabble ov] ?is engrav$ plan4 ,*anges 7 made 9 r$uction to ! prop] size ( ! plate4 ,^! *anges l$ to viol5t prote/s on ! "p ( ,l',enfant1 al?\gh 9 lat] ye>s 8 memorial /ates t ! *anges 7 n s v damag+4 ,to an ar*itectural m9d ! alt]ations 9 "q de/roy$ ! unity & symmetry ( ! :ole1 & ,l',enfant's lat] s(t5$ prote/ c be expla9$ by 8 desire = paym5t by ,congress4 ,he c\ld n af=d at t "t to imp]il 8 *ances4 ,9 ! attempt to f9d ! me?od by means ( :i* ,l',enfant arriv$ at ! sy/em und]ly+ 8 plan = ! city1 we are h&icapp$ at ! v />t by lack ( suffici5t data = id5tification ( ! v>i\s plans m5tion$ 9 ! old records4 ,!re 0 made 9 ,wa%+ton1 z ! "w progress$1 a l>ge map ) numb]$ squ>es4 ,_m ref]5ces are made to ?is 8l>ge plan0 9 ! old correspond5ce1 b x mu/ n be confus$ ) ! lay\t ( ! orig9al design "u discussion4 ,a lett] f ! commission]s /ates x 0 9 ,l',enfant's h&s "s "t aft] 8 dismissal4 ,z f> z we n[ "k1 !re is b "o orig9al draw+ 9 exi/5ce1 :i*1 aft] #ajj ye>s ( neglect & c>eless h&l+1 is n[ sacr$ly pres]v$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,! elaborat5ess & c>e %[n 9 ! c>efully lett]$ notes & pr(use m>g9al ref]5ces m>ks ?is a pres5tation copy4 ,?is plan includ$ 8! alt]ations ord]$ by ,wa%+ton & s5t to ,philadelphia on ,augu/ #ai1 #agia1 = transmission to ,congress40 ,,! ,,ellicott ,,plan--,,! ,l',,enfant ,,plan ,,enl>g$ ,! execut$ plan ( ! ,f$]al ,city z r$rawn by ,&rew ,ellicott dep>ts b little f ! modifi$ ,l',enfant plan4 ,! *anges are p]haps an improvem5t on ! lay\t z modifi$ by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton4 ,discussion rec5tly has aris5 9 ref]5ce to ! cr$it ,ellicott %\ld be giv5 = ! execut$ plan ( ,wa%+ton4 ,9 #ahjb a congressional committee f\nd-- t ! plan ( ! city 0 orig9ally design$ by ,major ,l',enfant1 b t 9 _m respects x 0 reject$ by ! ,presid5t1 & a plan drawn up by ,mr4 ,ellicott1 purport+ to h be5 made f actual survey1 0 engrav$ & publi%$ by ord] ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton 9 ! ye> #agib4 ,! *ief alt]ation %[n 9 ,ellicott's engrav$ plan is ! /raight5+ ( :at is n[ ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,! suppression ( ! ea/]n portion lead+ to ! upp] bridgehead made x end at :at is n[ kn[n z ,l9coln ,squ>e1 ! drawbridge ov] ,ea/]n ,bran* be+ rea*$ by :at is n[ ,k5tucky ,av5ue4 ,by mov+ ! m>9e hospital site nor? "s di/ance & ignor+ ! ,rock ,creek ,=d at ! o!r end1 ,ellicott 0 enabl$ to run ,massa*usetts ,av5ue 9 ne>ly a direct l9e2 ! we/]n end rea*$ ! road to ,fr$]ick1 z x did 9 ,l',enfant's plan4 ,! settlem5t ( ?is section ( ! city 0 at t date problematical1 & no s]i\s att5tion 0 giv5 to ! *ange 9 plan4 ,! area 0 m>%y & 0 a popul> place = hunt+ snipe4 ,?is fact expla9s ! me&]+ ( ,florida ,av5ue to ! nor?we/]n b\nd>y l9e ( ! old city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ellicott ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,transcription ,,( ,,notes ,,inscrib$ ,,on ,,ellicott ,,plan ,9 an ov]lay ( ! two plans ( ,l',enfant & ,ellicott1 prep>$ ) great accuracy by ! hydrographic section ( ! ,navy1 only ! ma9 ea/-we/ & nor?-s\? axes ( ! ,capitol & ,:ite ,h\se co9cide4 ,an exam9ation ( ?is draw+ %[s t ! art ( survey+ _h n at t p]iod rea*$ pres5t-day accuracy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,d]mott ,,or ,,t9 ,,case ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,wa%+ton1 #agig-ih ,sev]al suppress$ sections ( ! ,l',enfant plan 7 re/or$ 9 ! engrav$ plan4 ,m>yl& ,av5ue 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh to ! 8,gr& ,av5ue10 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,av5ue ext5d$ to ,new ,j]sey ,av5ue & ! 8,t[n ,h\se0 site4 ,! plan ( ,james ,r4 ,d]mott1 ! (ficially approv$ plan1 _h _m m city squ>es1 & consequ5tly m lots = sale4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,t9 ,case ,map1 because ab\t #ej ye>s lat] x 0 ?us f\nd pres]v$4 ,! cry ( grasp+ own]s & voraci\s speculators 0 = m lots2 & ,l',enfant's lett] ( w>n+ to ,presid5t ,wa%+ton dat$ ,augu/ #ai1 #agia1 aga9/ ?is evil prov$ m ?an ju/ifi$4 ,?is city plan also indicat$ ! names ( ! av5ues4 ,:at is kn[n z ! ,k+ ,map 0 made by ,rob]t ,k+1 a surveyor 9 ! (fice ( ! ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & publi%$ 9 #ahah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,k+ ,,map ,! map is ( int]e/ 9 t we note 9 x ! ^w ,judici>y 9 :at is kn[n z ,judici>y ,squ>e4 ,we le>n f ,l',enfant's ,memorial address$ to ,congress on ,decemb] #g1 #ahjj1 t ,l',enfant int5d$ ! ?ird coord9ate bran* ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! ,judici>y1 be locat$ !re4 ,to-day ! ,squ>e is l>gely occupi$ by c\rt build+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,( ,,e>ly ,,wa%+ton ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,e>ly ,,wa%+ton ,:ile ,major ,l',enfant drew ! plan ( ! ,f$]al ,city1 x 0 ,&rew ,ellicott :o aft]w>d c>ri$ x out4 ,! build+ ( ! city attract$ _m speculators1 :o inve/$ heavily4 ,rob]t ,morris1 ,james ,gre5leaf1 ,?omas ,law1 ,john ,ni*olson1 & ,samuel ,blodgett 7 among ^? :o lo/ !reby4 ,:5 ,wa%+ton became ! seat ( gov]nm5t 9 #ahjj !re 7 #aji brick & #bfc frame h\ses1 %elt]+ a total population ( ab\t #c1jjj4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( ! city's developm5t 7 difficult & too mu* praise _c be giv5 ! m5 :o c>ri$ ! burd54 ,! dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t t exi/$ !n 7 ,/ate1 ,treasury1 ,w>1 ,navy1 ! ,(fice ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 & ! ,po/al ,s]vice4 ,!y employ$ a total ( #acg cl]ks4 ,we h brief acc\nts ( ! appe>ance ( ,wa%+ton writt5 by travel]s :o visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! p]iod f #agij to #ahjj4 ,!re is an int]e/+ description by ,duc de ,la ,ro*ef\cauld-,lianc\rt1 :o wrote an acc\nt ( 8 8,voyage dans les tats-,unis d',am]ique fait en #agie-ig40 ,! acc\nts ( sev]al inhabitants 9 ,wa%+ton ( ! p]iod is well summ$ up by ,alb]t ,j4 ,bev]idge 9 8 ,life ( ,john ,m>%all 7vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #a-d73 ,a /range sight met ! eye ( ! travel] :o1 abo>d "o ( ! little riv] sailboats ( ! "t1 rea*$ ! /ret*es ( ! sleepy ,potomac sep>at+ ,alex&ria & ,georget[n4 ,a wide swamp ext5d$ inl& f a mode/ hill on ! ea/ to a /ill l[] elevation ( l& ab\t a mile to ! we/4 ,betwe5 ! riv] & morass a long flat tract bore clumps ( great trees1 mo/ly tulip popl>s1 giv+1 :5 se5 f a di/ance1 ! appe>ance ( a f9e p>k4 ,^u ! hill /ood a p>tly con/ruct$ :ite /one build+1 mammo? 9 plan4 ,! slight elevation nor? ( ! wide sl\gh 0 ! site ( an app>5tly f9i%$ edifice ( ! same mat]ial1 noble 9 its dim5sions & ) beautiful1 simple l9es1 b 8surr\nd$ ) a r\gh rail f5ce #e or #f feet high unfit = a dec5t b>ny>d40 ,f ! riv] no?+ c\ld be se5 beyond ! groves ne> ! banks ( ! /ream except ! two great build+s & ! spl5did trees :i* ?ick5$ into a seem+ly d5se =e/ ^u ! high] gr\nd to ! nor?w>d4 ,on l&+ & mak+ "o's way ?r\gh ! und]bru% to ! foot ( ! ea/]n hill1 & up ! gullies t seam$ its sides ?ick ) trees & tangl$ wild grapev9es1 "o f9ally rea*$ ! imm5se unf9i%$ /ructure t attract$ att5tion f ! riv]4 ,^u its walls labor]s 7 languidly at "w4 ,clu/]$ ar\nd x 7 fifte5 or sixte5 wood5 h\ses4 ,sev5 or eight ( ^! 7 bo>d+-h\ses1 ea* hav+ z _m z t5 or a doz5 rooms all told4 ,! o!rs 7 little affairs ( r\gh lumb]1 "s ( !m h>dly bett] ?an %anties4 ,"o 0 a tailor %op2 9 ano!r a %oemak] pli$ 8 trade2 a ?ird conta9$ a pr9t] ) 8 h& press & types1 :ile a wa%]woman occupi$ ano!r2 & 9 ! o!rs 7 a groc]y %op1 a pamphlets-&-/ation]y %op1 a little dry-goods %op1 & an oy/] %op4 ,no o!r human habitation ( any k9d appe>$ = ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,six ,,build+s ,c\rtesy ( ,national ,photo ,co4 ,a broad & p]fectly /raight cle>+ _h be5 made across ! swamp betwe5 ! ea/]n hill & ! big :ite h\se m ?an a mile away to ! we/w>d4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is long op5+ ran a roadway1 full ( /umps1 brok5 by deep mud holes 9 ! ra9y season1 & almo/ equally deep ) du/ :5 ! days 7 dry4 ,on ei!r bord] 0 a pa? or 8walk0 made firm at places by pieces ( /one2 ?\gh ev5 ?is 8ext5d$ b a little way40 ,ald] bu%es grew 9 ! unus$ spaces ( ?is ?or\ghf>e ! pres5t notable ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 & 9 ! depressions /agnant wat] /ood 9 mal>ial pools1 bre$+ myriads ( mosquitoes4 ,a sluggi% /ream me&]$ across ?is av5ue & broad5$ into ! m>%4 ,a few small h\ses1 "s ( brick & "s ( wood1 /ood on ! edge ( ?is long1 broad /reet4 ,ne> ! l>ge /one build+ at its we/]n end 7 f\r or five /ructures ( r$ brick look+ mu* l unga9ly w>eh\ses4 ,f>!r we/w>d on ! ,potomac hills 0 a small b pret5ti\s t[n ) its _m capaci\s brick & /one resid5ces1 "s ( !m excell5t 9 _! ar*itecture & erect$ solidly by skill$ workm54 ,o!r op5+s 9 ! =e/ _h be5 cut at v>i\s places 9 ! wide area ea/ ( ! ma9 highway t connect$ ! two pr9cipal /ructures already describ$4 ,along ^! =e/ av5ues 7 scatt]$ h\ses ( v>i\s mat]ials 99 99 994 ,su* 0 ! ,city ( ,wa%+ton1 ) ,georget[n ne>by1 :5 ,?omas ,jeff]son became ,presid5t & ,john ,m>%all ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--! ,capitol1 ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 ! 8,executive ,mansion0 or 8,presid5t's ,palace10 ! dep>tm5t build+s ne> x1 ! resid5ces1 %ops1 ho/elries1 & /reets4 ,! s\? l9es ( ! #aj-mile squ>e--! ,f$]al di/rict 9 :i* ! new ,capital lay--7 to run f ! int]section ( ! ,potomac ,riv] & ! ,ea/]n ,bran*1 b1 z has be5 relat$1 by ! act ( ,m>* #c1 #agia1 ^! b\nd>y l9es 7 mov$ s\? to include ,alex&ria & "p ( ,virg9ia )9 ! ,f$]al t]ritory4 ,! l& ly+ )9 ! b\nds ( ! propos$ city 0 giv5 by ! proprietors to tru/ees appo9t$ by ! ,gov]nm5t "u an agreem5t by :i* ! ,nation receiv$ ! l& necess>y = /reets )\t *>ge1 pur*as+ ! areas = p>ks & build+ sites at ! rate ( #be p] acre4 ,! rema9+ l& 0 divid$ equally ) ! orig9al proprietors4 ,! fir/ settlem5ts 7 made on grants giv5 *iefly to retir$ naval (fic]s :o nam$ _! hold+s aft] _! camps--,mexico1 ,jamaica1 & ,port ,royal4 ,!re 7 two settlem5ts on ! site--,c>rollsburg1 nam$ aft] its f\nd]1 & ,hamburg1 an e>ly real-e/ate developm5t ne> & s\? ( ,georget[n4 ,a /ream ( consid]able size kn[n orig9ally z ,goose ,creek ran ?r\gh ! city4 ,x lat] became kn[n z ,tib] ,creek1 because a resid5t nam$ ,pope1 ^: e/ate he faceti\sly call$ ,rome1 cont5d$ t if !re 0 a ,pope 9 ,rome1 8 resid5ce %\ld be situat$ on ! ,tib]4 ,z is notic$ by ref]5ce to ! plans1 a canal ext5d$ f ! po9t ab\t :]e ! ,l9coln ,memorial is locat$1 along ,b ,/reet1 n[ ,con/itution ,av5ue1 ea/ to ! ,capitol2 !nce along ,james ,creek1 kn[n to-day z ,canal ,/reet4 ,9 ^? days ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue 0 a du/y road1 l9$ ) popl> trees1 & (t5 s flood$ t x 0 n an uncommon sight to see boats float+ on x4 ,= a long "t an isolat$ gr\p ( build+s kn[n z ! ,six ,build+s at ,tw5ty-fir/ ,/reet & ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue /ood halfway betwe5 ! ,capitol & ,georget[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,wa%+ton1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,jeff]son ,,popl>s ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ellicott ,,map ,wa%+ton z ! infant city appe>$ 9 #ahjj is be/ describ$ by ,john ,cotton ,smi?1 ,memb] ( ,congress f ,connecticut1 9 a lett] writt5 by him at ! "t1 z foll[s3 ,our approa* to ! city 0 accompani$ ) s5sations n easily describ$4 ,"o w+ ( ! ,capitol only _h be5 erect$1 :i* ) ! ,presid5t's ,h\se1 #a mile di/ant f x1 bo? con/ruct$ ) :ite s&/one1 7 %9+ objects 9 dismal contra/ ) ! sc5e ar\nd !m4 ,in/ead ( recogniz+ ! av5ues & /reets1 portray$ on ! plan ( ! city1 n "o 0 visible1 unless we except a road1 ) two build+s on ea* side ( x1 call$ ! ,new ,j]sey ,av5ue4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 lead+1 z laid d[n on pap]1 f ! ,capitol to ! ,presid5tial ,mansion1 0 ne>ly ! :ole di/ance a deep morass cov]$ ) ald] bu%es1 :i* 7 cut ?r\gh to ! ,presid5t's ,h\se2 & ne> ,georget[n a block ( h\ses _h be5 erect$ :i* bore ! "n ( ! 8six build+s0 99 99 994 ,! desolate aspect ( ! place 0 n a little augm5t$ by a numb] ( unf9i%$ edifices at ,gre5leaf's ,po9t4 ,!re appe>$ to be b two really com=table habitations1 9 all respects1 )9 ! b\nds ( ! city1 "o ( :i* belong$ to ,dudley ,c>roll & ! o!r to ,notley ,"y4 ,! roads 9 e direction 7 muddy & unimprov$4 ,a sidewalk 0 attempt$1 9 "o in/ance1 by a cov]+ =m$ ( ! *ips hew$ = ! ,capitol4 ,x ext5d$ b a little way & 0 ( little value2 = 9 dry wea!r ! %>p fragm5ts cut our %oes1 & 9 wet wea!r cov]$ !m ) :ite mort>4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 a new settlem5t4 ,newspap]s 9 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 & ,new ,engl& & satiri/s ev]y:]e crack$ _m amus+ jokes at ! exp5se ( ! embryonic city4 ,! ,capitol 0 call$ 8! palace 9 ! wild]ness0 & ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue 8! great ,s]bonian ,bog40 ,georget[n 0 decl>$ 8a city ( h\ses )\t /reets0 & ,wa%+ton 8a city ( /reets )\t h\ses40 ,! ,abbe ,correa de ,s]ra1 ! witty m9i/] f ,portugal1 be/[$ ^u ,wa%+ton ! fam\s title ( 8! city ( magnific5t di/ances10 ref]r+ to ! great spaces betwe5 ! scatt]$ h\ses2 :ile ,?omas ,moore1 j !n com+ into prom95ce z a poet1 visit$ ! city 9 #ahjd1 & contribut$ to ! g5]al fund ( humor by ! composition ( ?is satire3 ,9 fancy n[ b5ea? ! twilight gloom1 ,come1 let me lead !e o'er ?is second ,rome1 ,:]e tribunes rule1 :]e dusky ,davi b[1 ,& :at 0 ,goose ,creek once is ,tib] n[4 ,?is fam'd metropolis1 :]e fancy sees ,squ>es 9 morasses1 obelisks 9 trees2 ,:i* second sight$ se]s e'en n[ adorn ,) %r9es unbuilt & h]oes yet unborn4 ,dur+ ! adm9i/rations ( ,adams & ,jeff]son ! city improv$ consid]ably4 ,jeff]son secur$ money f ,congress = public build+s4 ,9 #ahjc he appo9t$ ,b5jam9 ,latrobe z ! ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol1 & by him ! con/ruction ( ! ,capitol 0 c>ri$ on s en]getically t he gave =m to ! old portion ( ! ,capitol t ,?ornton _h simply plann$4 ,?omas ,jeff]son also secur$ money f ,congress = ! improvem5t ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 :i* 0 !n a du/y highway 9 ! summ] & swampy place 9 w9t]2 plant$ popl> trees & did :at he c\ld to r$eem t ?or\ghf>e f its lam5table condition4 ,he appli$ 8 arti/ic ta/e & skill to ! "w ( beautify+ ! city4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,wa%+ton1 #ahaj-ahae ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ,wa%+ton dur+ ?is p]iod is giv5 by ,david ,baillie ,w>d5 9 8 book entitl$ 8,a ,description ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia10 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahaf1 & d$icat$ to ,mrs4 ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is4 ,he /ates3 ,x is sc>cely possible to imag9e a situation m beautiful1 heal?y & conv5i5t ?an ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! g5tle undulat$ surface ?r[s ! wat] into su* v>i\s directions1 z af=ds ! mo/ agreeable assemblage4 ,! ris+ hills1 on ea* side ( ! ,potomac1 are truly picturesque2 & z ! riv] admits ! l>ge/ frigates1 _! sails1 glid+ ?r\gh ! maje/ic trees :i* adorn its banks1 complete ! sc5]y4 ,! city ext5ds f nor?we/ to s\!a/ ab\t f\r miles & a half1 & f nor!a/ to s\?we/ ab\t two miles & a half4 ,! public build+s occupy ! mo/ elevat$ & conv5i5t situations1 to :i* ! wat]s ( ! ,tib] ,creek may be easily conduct$1 z well z to e o!r "p ( ! city1 n already wat]$ by spr+s4 ,! /reets run f nor? to s\?1 & f ea/ to we/1 cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles1 ) ! exception ( fifte51 t po9t to ! ,/ate ( :i* ea* be>s ! "n4 ,! capitol comm&s ! /reets call$ ! ,m>yl&1 ,delaw>e1 & ,p5nsylvania av5ues2 ! ,presid5t's ,h\se1 ^? ( ,v]mont1 ,new ,york1 & ,connecticut2 & all ^! diff]5t int]sections =m elev5 hundr$ & fifty squ>es4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,/reet1 or av5ue1 :i* /ret*es 9 a direct l9e f ! ,presid5t's h\se to ! capitol1 is a mile 9 l5g?1 & a hundr$ & sixty feet 9 bread?4 ,t ( ! n>r[e/ /reets is f n9ety to a hundr$ feet1 :i* w give a f9e appe>ance to ! city2 b 9 a region :]e ! summ] sun is s int5sely hot1 & ! w9t] w9ds s sev]ely cold1 n>r[ /reets1 af=d+ %ade & %elt]1 w\ld be ( great utility4 ,! plan ( ! city ( :i* we h prefix$ an engrav+ 7,!re is a plan by ,major ,l',enfant1 engrav$ at ! exp5ce ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 on ! scale ( a hundr$ poles to an in*71 is univ]sally admir$4 ,! mo/ eligible places h be5 select$ = public squ>es & public build+s4 ,! capitol is situat$ on a ris+ gr\nd1 :i* is elevat$ ab\t eighty feet above ! tide-wat] ( ! ,potomac4 ,?is edifice w pres5t a front ( six hundr$ & fifty feet1 ) a colonade ( two hundr$ & sixty feet1 & sixte5 ,cor9?ian columns ?irty-"o feet & a half 9 height4 ,! elevation ( ! dome is a hundr$ & fifty feet 99 99 994 ,! ,presid5t's h\se consi/s ( two /ories1 & is a hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9 l5g?1 & eighty-five feet 9 bread?4 ,x resembles ,le9/]-,h\se 9 ,dubl94 99 99 99 ,! view f ! w9d[s front+ ! riv] is extremely beautiful4 ,! ,public ,(fices1 ! ,treasury1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 & ( ,w>1 are situat$ 9 a l9e )1 & at ! di/ance ( f\r hundr$ & fifty feet f ! ,presid5t's ,h\se4 ,^! build+s1 ( two /ories1 h a hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 front1 sixty 9 bread?1 & sixte5 feet 9 height1 & are ornam5t$ ) a :ite /one basem5t1 :i* rises six or sev5 feet above ! surface4 ,x 0 orig9ally propos$ to =m a communication betwe5 ^! (fices & ! h\se ( ! presid5t1 a plan :i* 0 aft]w>ds ab&on$4 ,! ,jail consi/s ( two /ories1 & is a hundr$ by tw5ty-"o feet4 ,! ,infirm>y is a neat build+4 ,!re are ?ree commodi\s ,m>ket-places built at ! exp5ce ( ! corporation4 ,! public build+s at ! ,navy ,y>d are ! b>racks1 a "w-%op1 & ?ree l>ge brick build+s = ! reception ( naval /ores4 ,! ,b>racks1 con/ruct$ ( brick1 are six hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 fifty 9 bread?1 & tw5ty 9 height4 ,at ! head ( ! ,b>rack-y>d is ! ,colonel's h\se1 :i* is neat & commodi\s4 ,! ,work%op1 plann$ by ,latrobe1 is n9e hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,! ,pat5t ,(fice1 con/ruct$ accord+ to ! plan ( ,j4 ,hoban1 esquire 7:o ga9$ ! prize = t ( ! ,presid5t's h\se7 consi/s ( ?ree /ories1 & is a hundr$ & tw5ty feet long1 & sixty feet wide4 ,x is ornam5t$ ) a p$im5t1 & six ,ionic pila/]s4 ,f ! em95ce 7,?is em95ce has ! %ape ( a tortoise-%ell7 on :i* x /&s1 ! ri*ly-wood$ hills rise on e side1 & =m a sc5]y ( unequal$ beauty4 ,x 0 erect$ by ,mr4 ,blodgett to s]ve z a public hotel 99 99 994 ,9 #ahaj ?is edifice 0 pur*as$ by ! gov]nm5t4--,dr4 ,?ornton1 director4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahad ?is metropolis 0 tak5 possession ( by an ,engli% naval & l& =ce1 :i* set fire to ! ,capitol1 ,presid5t's h\se1 ,public ,(fices1 & ,navy ,y>d4 ,! loss su/a9$ 0 #a1bae1aaa4 ,two ( ! luxuries ( life1 p9e-apples & ice1 are f\nd at ,wa%+ton at a *eap rate4 ,! =m]1 import$ f ! ,we/ ,indies1 are sold at tw5ty-five c5ts ea*4 ,! latt] article is pur*as$1 ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 at half a doll> p] bu%el4 99 99 99 ,x is deeply to be regrett$1 t ! gov]nm5t or corporation did n employ "s means = ! pres]vation ( ! trees :i* grew on places de/9$ = ! public walks4 ,h[ agreeable w\ld h be5 _! %ade along ! ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue :]e ! du/ s (t5 annoys1 & ! summ] sun1 reflect$ f ! s&y soil1 is s oppressive4 ,! ,lomb>dy popl>1 :i* n[ supplies _! place1 s]ves m = ornam5t ?an %elt]4 ,wat] may be di/ribut$ to any "p ( ,wa%+ton f sev]al f9e spr+s1 & also f ! ,tib] ,creek1 ! s\rce ( :i* is #bcf feet above ! level ( ! tide 9 ! same /ream4 99 99 99 ,! canal1 :i* runs ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! city1 comm5c+ at ! m\? ( ,tib] ,creek1 & connect+ ! ,potomac ) its ea/]n bran*1 is ne>ly complet$4 ,mr4 ,law 7,bro!r to ,"l ,ell5bor\gh7 ! *ief promot] ( ?is und]tak+1 proposes to e/abli% packet-boats to run betwe5 ! ,tib] ,creek & ! ,navy-,y>d--a conveyance :i* may be r5d]$ m economical & com=table ?an ! hackney-coa*4 ,?is canal is to be navigable = boats draw+ ?ree feet ( wat]4 ,! population ( ! t]ritory ( ,columbia1 9 #ahaj1 am\nt$ to #bd1jbc4 ,t ( ! city 0 #h1bjh2 ( ,georget[n1 #d1idh2 ( ,alex&ria1 #g1bbg4 ,on ,augu/ #bd1 #ahad1 ! ,briti% arriv$ 9 ,wa%+ton at ab\t #f o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,t night !y burn$ ! ,capitol1 ! ,presid5t's ,h\se1 ! ,treasury1 ,/ate & ,navy ,dep>tm5t ,build+s1 & a numb] ( private h\ses on ,capitol ,hill4 ,! flames c\ld be se5 f ! ,francis ,scott ,key mansion at ,georget[n4 ,sev]al wagonloads ( valuable docum5ts _h be5 tak5 a few days previ\sly f ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t to ,leesburg1 ,va41 #ce miles nor?we/ ( ,wa%+ton1 to a place ( safety4 ,! ,briti% also int5d$ to burn ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 b ,commission] ,?ornton met !m boldly1 say+3 8,are y ,engli%m5 or ,go?s & v&als8 ,?is is ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ! depository ( ! +5uity ( ! ,am]ican ,nation1 9 :i* ! :ole civiliz$ _w is int]e/$4 ,w\ld y de/roy x8 ,if s1 fire away & let ! *>ge pass ?r\gh my body40 ,! ,briti% all[$ x to rema9 & )drew4 ,mrs4 ,dolly ,madison1 hav+ secur$ su* prop]ty f ! ,:ite ,h\se z c\ld be c>ri$1 includ+ ! ,gilb]t ,/u>t portrait ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 :i* %e cut f ! frame1 w5t ?r\gh ,georget[n & t night slept 9 a camp ( soldi]s ) a gu>d ab\t h] t5t4 ,lat] ! ,presid5t1 :o _h tak5 refuge 9 a tav]n ne> ,mc,lean1 9 ,virg9ia1 jo9$ ,mrs4 ,madison4 ,! s\?we/ end ( ! bridge ov] :i* !y _h cross$ ! ,potomac--x 0 !n a pile bridge #a mile long--0 burn$1 & !y 7 !reupon requir$ to make _! return to ,wa%+ton by boat4 ,! resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t 0 !n e/abli%$ at ! ,octagon ,h\se at ,eighte5? ,/reet & ,new ,york ,av5ue4 ,9 #ahae ! resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t 0 remov$ to ! 8,sev5 ,build+s10 at ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,n9ete5? ,/reet1 "o ( ! e>ly homes ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 ,"h x rema9$ until ! ,executive ,mansion 0 re/or$1 ,m>*1 #ahag4 ,aft] ! )drawal ( ! ,briti% ! ,blodgett ,hotel build+1 acquir$ = ! use ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 0 = a "t occupi$ by ,congress = its sessions4 ,lat] ,congress mov$ into a build+ at ,fir/ & ,a ,/reets ,,ne41 kn[n lat] z ! ,old ,capitol ,build+ & us$ dur+ ! ,civil ,w> z a milit>y prison4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton1 ,,f ,,! ,,presid5t',s ,,h\se1 #ahcj ,illu/ration3 ,,*ri/ ,,*ur* ,,burial ,,gr\nd1 ,,lat] ,,kn[n ,,z 8,,congressional ,,cemet]y0 ,,%[+ ,,c5otaphs ,,erect$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,memb]s ,,( ,,congress ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,days ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,wa%+ton1 #ahaf-ahci ,! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,monroe1 :o s]v$ two t]ms 7#ahag-ahbe7 is kn[n z ! 8era ( good feel+10 b s f> z develop+ ! plan ( ,wa%+ton little 0 done4 ,9 #ahbj ! population ( ,wa%+ton 0 #ac1bdg4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ! ,capitol 0 rebuilt & 0 reoccupi$ by ,congress4 ,9 #ahbj ! corn] /one ( ! city hall on ,judici>y ,squ>e 0 laid4 ,9 #ahbd ,g5]al ,lafayette made 8 memorable visit to ,wa%+ton4 ,9 #ahbe trees 7 plant$ on two squ>es ( ! fill$ l[l&s s\? ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,t ye>1 also1 ! ea/]n portico ( ! ,capitol 0 complet$2 ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue 0 grad$ f ,sev5te5? to ,tw5ty-second ,/reets2 ! gr\nds ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 z ! ,executive ,mansion came to be kn[n aft] ! ,w> ( #ahab1 & ! gr\nds ( ! city hall 7 also grad$4 ,at t "t !re 7 ab\t #ac miles ( brick pav+1 av]age wid? #ac feet4 ,among *ur*es t 7 built dur+ ?is p]iod 0 ,f\ndry ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 f\nd$ 9 #ahaf1 at ,f\rte5? & ,g ,/reets ,,nw4 ,! site 0 giv5 by ,h5ry ,foxall1 :o op]at$ a f\ndry ab\t a mile above ,georget[n1 ne> ! site ( ! canal1 9 fulfillm5t ( a v[ t if 8 f\ndry 7 sp>$ dur+ ! attack on ,wa%+ton he w\ld make ?is gift4 ,on ,janu>y #bg1 #ahbd1 ! ,legislature ( ,virg9ia grant$ a *>t] to ! newly organiz$ ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal ,co41 :i* 0 to sup]s$e ! old ,potomac ,co41 ( :i* ,george ,wa%+ton _h be5 fir/ presid5t1 & :i* _h develop$ comm]ce ) ! ,we/4 ,at ,little ,falls1 on ! nor? side ( ! riv]1 a canal #b miles long1 ) #d masonry locks hav+ a total elevation ( #cg feet1 _h be5 con/ruct$4 ,at ,great ,falls1 on ! s\? side1 a canal #a1bjj y>ds long1 ) #e locks hav+ a total diff]5ce ( level ( #gf feet #i in*es1 0 con/ruct$4 ,! two l[] locks 7 cut 9 solid rock4 ,on ,july #d1 #ahbh1 ,presid5t ,john ,qu9cy ,adams turn$ ! fir/ spadeful ( e>? = ! new canal1 :i* 0 complet$ to ! fir/ fe$] at ,s5eca on ,july #d1 #ahca4 ,f ?is place to ,po9t ( ,rocks "w 0 delay$ by a legal conte/ ) ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad ,co41 :i* ext5d$ its fir/ #de miles along ! same c\rse z ! canal4 ,t railroad company1 organiz$ 9 #ahbh at ,baltimore1 0 ! beg9n+ ( "o ( ! great railroad sy/ems ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t 7 to revolutionize comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,to-day ! ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal rema9s ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 & is to be made into a great p>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,ab\t #ahbj ,,f ,,pa9t+ ,,made ,,by ,,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse1 ,,%ortly ,,aft] ,,rebuild+ ,,( ,,! ,,capitol ,,aft] ,,! ,,fire ,,( #ahad ,,orig9al ,,9 ,,! ,,corcoran ,,gall]y ,,( ,,art ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,national ,photo ,co4 ,,site ,,& ,,mat]ial ,,= ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,treasury ,,build+1 #ahci ,georget[n _h become a great trad+ c5t]4 ,f #ahae to #ahce products to ! value ( #d1jgg1gjh 7 export$ f ,georget[n to =eign m>kets1 & f #ahbf to #ahce ne>ly #e1jjj1jjj wor? ( products to o!r ,am]ican cities1 includ+ a million b>rels ( fl\r & #e1djj hog%eads ( tobacco4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gateh\se1 ,,built ,,9 #ahce1 ,,along ,,! ,,old ,,*esapeake ,,ohio ,,canal ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahbh1 %ortly be=e :at 0 call$ ! corn] /one ( ! ma9 l9e 0 laid1 ,congress enact$ a law grant+ entrance ( a railroad l9e into ! ,di/rict4 ,"s six ye>s pass$ be=e ! ,wa%+ton bran* rea*$ ! ,di/rict l9e4 ,! fir/ s]vice began on ,monday1 ,july #bj1 #ahce1 ) two tra9s ea* way4 ,a great celebration1 9 :i* #a1jjj pass5g]s & #b b&s on #d tra9s took "p1 m>k$ ! entrance ( ! railroad s]vice to ! ,national ,capital4 ,! /eam c>s pass$ ?r\gh ! city on _! daily trips to ! depot at ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,second ,/reet4 ,octob] #a1 #ahce1 x 0 report$ t ! av]age numb] ( travel]s p] day 0 #bjj4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! con/ruction ( ! pres5t ,treasury ,dep>tm5t1 ,pat5t ,(fice1 & old ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t ,build+s 0 au?oriz$4 ,!y con=m$ to ! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se 9 _! f9e /yle ( classical ar*itecture1 & emphasiz$ ! fact t ,wa%+ton is ! ,national ,capital4 ,un=tunately1 x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t great mi/akes 7 made--su* z giv+ ov] "p ( ! ,mall to g>d5 purposes & 9 lett+ ,gov]nm5t areas1 s mu* desir$ n[1 g = private purposes2 also 9 ! location ( c]ta9 public build+s1 z erect+ ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t 9 ! c5t] ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,wa%+ton1 #ahdj-ahei ,9 #ahdj ,wa%+ton _h a population ( #bc1cfd4 ,! city 0 /ill 9 a v mu* undevelop$ /ate1 ?\gh ! fact t x 0 ! ,national ,capital 0 n lo/ sight (4 ,9 #ahdf ! con/ruction ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution ,build+ 0 begun1 & on ,july #d1 #ahdh1 ! corn] /one ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t 0 laid4 ,on ,july #d1 #ahea1 ! corn] /one = ! enl>gem5t ( ! ,capitol accord+ to plans z we see x to-day1 0 laid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol1 #ahdj ,h[ev]1 s f> z city developm5t 0 conc]n$1 little 0 done dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,! ,l',enfant plan seem$ ei!r =gott5 or entirely too l>ge = ! ,national ,capital4 ,9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton n a /reet 0 light$ up to #ahfj except+ ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,pigs roam$ ! pr9cipal ?or\ghf>es4 ,pavem5ts1 save = a few pat*es "h & !re1 7 altoge!r lack+4 ,an op5 sew] c>ri$ (f common refuse1 & ! police & fire dep>tm5ts might h suffic$ = a small village r ?an = a nation's capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton1 #aheb ,9 #ahdf ! "p ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia on ! we/ bank ( ! ,potomac1 includ+ ,alex&ria1 0 re-c$$ to ,virg9ia4 ,?is 0 done pursuant to an act ( ,congress ( ,july #i ( t ye>1 & ) ! ass5t ( ! p ( ! c\nty & t[n ( ,alex&ria1 at an election on ! fir/ & second days ( ,septemb]1 #ahdf1 by a vote ( #gfc = retrocession & #bbb aga9/ x4 ,on ,septemb] #g1 #ahdf1 ,presid5t ,polk issu$ a proclamation giv+ notice t ! portion d]iv$ f ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 ab\t #cf squ>e miles1 0 re-c$$ to t ,/ate4 ,! action ( ,congress & ! ,presid5t 0 bas$ ^u petitions ( ! p ( ! t[n & c\nty ( ,alex&ria4 ,! *ief reasons 7 two3 ,fir/1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n ne$ ,alex&ria ,c\nty = ! purpose ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t2 ! public build+s 7 all erect$ on ! nor? side ( ! riv]1 z requir$ by law--none on ! s\? side--& x 0 decl>$ t s f> z x c\ld be =ese5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld nev] ne$ t "p ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia = ! purpose ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,secondly1 ! petition]s said t ! p ( ,alex&ria _h fail$ to d]ive or %>e 9 ! b5efits :i* _h be5 enjoy$ by ! resid5ts ( ! ,m>yl& portion ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 ! disbursem5ts = public improvem5ts1 etc41 :ile on ! o!r h& !y 7 depriv$ ( ^? political rights incid5t to citiz5%ip 9 a ,/ate4 ,s9ce !n ! ,unit$ ,/ates has acquir$ some?+ ov] #b squ>e miles ( ?is t]ritory = use z a milit>y po/1 a national cemet]y1 a ,signal ,corps /ation1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,exp]im5t ,f>m4 ,! con/itutionality ( ! retrocession has (t5 be5 que/ion$4 ,b ,congress _h express$ itself cle>ly on ! subject1 & ! majority ( ! vot]s _h _! way 9 ! matt]4 ,9 a te/ case be=e ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahge 7,phillips v4 ,payne71 ! c\rt1 :ile n directly rul+ on ! "q1 held t an individual is e/opp$ f rais+ ! "q4 ,accord+ to an op9ion r5d]$ by an attorney g5]al ab\t #aijj1 x w\ld n[ take ! cons5t ( ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia to re9clude ! ,virg9ia portion z "p ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital ! portion 9 ,virg9ia is prop]ly includ$ 9 ! metropolitan area ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission is1 by au?ority ( ,congress1 coop]at+ ) simil> commissions ( ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,! great object is to secure = ! remote regions ( ! ,national ,capital area ! same h>moni\s developm5t z !re is 9 ! he>t ( ! city4 ,bo? ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia are coop]at+ to ! fulle/ ext5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,on ,decemb] #af1 #aheb1 ! fir/ issue ( ! ,wa%+ton ,ev5+ ,/>1 :i* has gr[n into "o ( ! great national dailies1 appe>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,treasury ,,build+1 #ahee ,,*apt] ,x ,,wa%+ton #ahfj-ahgj ,wa%+ton 9 #ahfj 0 /ill a comp>atively small & undevelop$ city1 ) a population ( #fa1abb4 ,b ! p 7 soon ar\s$ to int5se excitem5t because ( ! /rife betwe5 ! ,/ates4 ,:5 ! ,civil ,w> began1 ! eyes ( ! ,nation 7 turn$ on ,wa%+ton4 ,! city increas$ 9 population to ov] #ajj1jjj 9 a few mon?s "t & 0 ! c5t] ( great w>-"t activities4 ,on ,april #ah1 #ahfa1 #ejj ,p5nsylvania troops1 ! fir/ to answ] ,presid5t ,l9coln's call = volunte]s1 ent]$ ! city1 & ! day foll[+ !y 7 jo9$ by ! ,six? ,massa*usetts ,regim5t4 ,soon ?\s&s ( additional m5 7 "h f all ! ,/ates 9 ! ,nor?4 ,wa%+ton became an arm$ camp4 ,s*ools1 *ur*es1 & public halls 7 turn$ into hospitals to c>e = ! sick & w\nd$4 ,a *a9 ( =ts & batt]ies 0 erect$ ab\t ! city to protect x1 & by ,octob] #ahfb !re 7 #beb1jjj soldi]s encamp$ ar\nd ,wa%+ton on bo? sides ( ! riv]4 ,!re 7 #gj hospitals1 c>+ = #cj1jjj sick & w\nd$ m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,capitol ,,prison ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,%[+ ,,uncomplet$ ,,dome1 #ahfj ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton1 ,,f ,,arl+ton ,,heights1 #ahfe ,illu/ration3 ,,second ,,inaugural ,,( ,,presid5t ,,l9coln1 #ahfe ,on ! morn+ ( ,july #aa1 #ahfd1 great fe> spread ov] ! city z ,g54 ,jubal ,a4 ,e>ly rea*$ a po9t ab\t #f miles to ! nor? ( ! city :]e ! ,walt] ,re$ ,g5]al ,hospital n[ /&s4 ,g5]al ,grant s5t ! ,six? & "p ( ! ,n9ete5? ,corps to ,wa%+ton1 & _! arrival on ! aft]noon ( t day sav$ ! city4 ,on ! foll[+ day a skirmi% ( troops & %>p engagem5t took place1 :i* ,presid5t ,l9coln witness$ z a spectator at ,=t ,/ev5s1 expos+ himself = a "t to ! fire4 ,t ev5+ ,g5]al ,e>ly1 f9d+ himself oppos$ by a great] =ce ?an he 0 prep>$ to meet1 )drew1 recross+ ! ,potomac at ,:ite ,=ds1 ,va4 ,dur+ ! f\r ye>s ( ! w> ?\s&s ( troops pass$ ?r\gh ,wa%+ton on _! way to ! front1 ?rill$ by ! ?\ght ( be+ 9 ! ,nation's ,capital4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! ,civil ,w> 0 a great h&icap to ! c>ry+ out ( improvem5ts 9 ! city1 /ill sev]al notable improvem5ts 7 made1 among ^! be+ ! "w ( enl>g+ ! ,capitol & complet+ ! ,dome z we see x to-day4 ,9 t p]iod also ! fir/ /reet-c> l9e 0 op5$1 ! ,long ,bridge 0 rebuilt1 & "w on ! ,wa%+ton ,aqu$uct develop$ s t f t "t wat] has be5 br\ght f ! ,potomac at ,great ,falls to ! city4 ,9 #ahfa ! numb] ( employees ( ! ,gov]nm5t 0 #c1dff1 & 9 #ahfe !y numb]$ #g1ahd4 ,on ,octob] #b1 #ahfb1 ! fir/ horse-drawn /reet c>s comm5c$ op]ation1 runn+ f ! ,navy ,y>d to ,georget[n2 !y cont9u$ 9 use = #dj ye>s4 ,on ,april #ad1 #ahfe1 occurr$ ! great trag$y :5 ,presid5t ,l9coln 0 assass9at$ at ,=d's ,!at] by ! actor ,john ,wilkes ,boo?4 ,! fun]al procession 0 a great solemn occasion1 = ,abraham ,l9coln1 on :om ! ,nation _h dep5d$ dur+ f\r ye>s ( w> to guide x safely ?r\gh ! bitt] conflict1 _h giv5 8 life = ! cause t ! ,union might be pres]v$4 ,on ,may #bc & #bd took place ! ,gr& ,review on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue ( #bjj1jjj m51 requir+ six h\rs = ,g5]al ,meade's army on ! fir/ day & sev5 h\rs = ,g5]al ,%]man's army on ! second day to pass be=e ,presid5t ,johnson & ,g5]al ,grant4 ,9 a few days ^? :o made up ^! armies pass$ f milit>y life & resum$ _! places among _! fell[ citiz5s4 ,build+s t _h be5 us$ z hospitals 7 aga9 giv5 ov] to peaceful pursuits1 & ! =ts t surr\nd$ ! city 7 dismantl$4 ,lumb] f tempor>y build+s t 7 torn d[n 0 us$ to beg9 ! con/ruction ( h\ses 9 a new subdivision call$ ,m\nt ,pleasant4 ,b ! great era = civic improvem5ts 0 n to take place = ano!r five ye>s1 until ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,grant4 ,illu/ration3 ,photograph by c\rtesy ( ! ,olde/ ,inhabitants ,association ,,gr& ,,review ,,( ,,union ,,army1 ,,may1 #ahfe ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,haym>ket ,,squ>e1 ,,l\isiana ,,av5ue ,,betwe5 ,,n9? ,,& ,,t5? ,,/reets ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol1 #ahgj ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,improvem5ts ,,made ,,dur+ ,,presid5t ,,grant',s ,,adm9i/ration ,! ye> #ahgj m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( a new & effective movem5t = ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,wa%+ton 0 !n a city ( #aji1aii4 ,great ef=ts to relocate ! ,national ,capital 9 "s o!r city1 pref]ably f>!r to ! we/1 7 made by "s :o 7 famili> ) conditions 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,/4 ,l\is (f]$ to sp5d sev]al millions ( doll>s = ! erection ( public build+s4 ,congress settl$ ?is agitation by appropriat+ #ejj1jjj z an initial sum = ! con/ruction ( ! ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,build+4 ,by an act ( ,congress approv$ ,febru>y #ba1 #ahga1 a ,t]ritorial =m ( gov]nm5t1 consi/+ ( a gov]nor1 a bo>d ( public works1 & a legislative assembly1 0 creat$4 ,alex&] ,r4 ,%eph]d1 bett] kn[n z 8,boss0 ,%eph]d1 a native ( ,wa%+ton1 0 appo9t$ a memb] ( ! bo>d ( public works &1 lat]1 gov]nor ( ! new ,t]ritory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,%[+ ,,horse ,,c>s ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton1 #ahij ,great projects 7 plac$ "u way = ! developm5t ( ! city4 ,"o hundr$ & eighty ( ! #cjj miles ( half-made /reets & av5ues 7 improv$1 & ne>ly all ! ?ickly settl$ /reets ( ! city 7 pav$ ) wood1 concrete1 or macadam2 #abh miles ( sidewalks 7 built & #c1jjj gas lamps 7 in/all$4 ,a g5]al & co/ly sy/em ( sew]s 0 begun4 ,old ,tib] ,creek 0 fill$ 91 & ! greate/ nuisance ( ,wa%+ton !reby put out ( sight4 ,scores ( new p>ks 7 grad$1 f5c$1 & plant$ ) trees & beautifi$ by f\nta9s4 ,a special p>k commission 0 appo9t$ = ?is "w4 ,x plant$ #fj1jjj trees1 & a movem5t 0 ?us begun :i* has giv5 to ,wa%+ton "o ( its mo/ *>act]i/ic features4 ,to-day !re are #aad1jjj trees along /reet curbs because ( ! cu/om t has prevail$ to plant trees along curbs :5 new /reets are op5$ = traffic4 ,_m ( ! small triangles = :i* ,wa%+ton is not$ 7 trans=m$ f rubbi% heaps into beautiful res]vations & plant$ ) trees4 ,!re 7 soon m pav$ /reets "h ?an 9 any o!r city ( ! c\ntry1 & ,presid5t ,grant1 9 8 message to ,congress1 said1 8,wa%+ton is rapidly becom+ a city wor?y ( ! ,nation's ,capital40 ,illu/ration3 ,,gatepo/ ,,design$ ,,by ,,bulf9*1 ,,ne> ,,! ,,capitol ,h[ev]1 ! public took issue ) ,gov]nor ,%eph]d1 ^: dra/ic measures pav$ ! way = mod]n ,wa%+ton4 ,bonds 7 issu$ to meet ! exp5ses incurr$ by ^! improvem5ts1 taxes pil$ up to ! po9t ( confiscation1 & ,%eph]d 0 bani%$ f ! city4 ,yet )\t ! support ( ,presid5t ,grant x w\ld h be5 impossible = ,gov]nor ,%eph]d to h br\ght ab\t ^? civic improvem5ts = :i* he is rememb]$4 ,! ,t]ritorial =m ( gov]nm5t la/$ ?ree ye>s1 or until ,june #bj1 #ahgd1 :5 ,congress provid$ t a new =m ( municipal gov]nm5t ) ?ree commission]s appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is1 kn[n z ! tempor>y =m ( gov]nm5t1 la/$ until ,july #a1 #ahgh1 :5 ! pres5t =m 0 e/abli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mall ,,ab\t #ahij ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,c5t5nial ,,celebration ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,columbian ,,exposition ,,on ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition ( #ahgf at ,philadelphia m>k$ a c5tury ( progress4 ,x ar\s$ ! c\ntry to its opportunities1 aft] a p]iod ( le?>gy & unre/ t foll[$ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,a decade _h elaps$ s9ce ! end ( t t]rible conflict1 & a new day dawn$4 ,presid5t ,grant gave ! p confid5ce t he w\ld guide ! affairs ( ! ,nation safely z _! ,*ief ,executive4 ,indu/ries 7 e/abli%$1 comm]ce & trade develop$1 & prosp]ity foll[$4 ,! ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial ( #ahgf br\ght a s5se ( ! p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 mat]ial res\rces1 c\pl$ ) an admission ( pov]ty 9 ! ?+s ( ! _s1 & a det]m9ation to rem$y %ortcom+s 9 ?is respect4 ,! p !n turn$ _! att5tion to ! f9] ?+s ( life & became int]e/$ 9 erect+ monum5ts & e/abli%+ art gall]ies4 ,?us1 ! ,corcoran ,art ,gall]y1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ! ,metropolitan ,museum 9 ,new ,york1 & ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 7 *>t]$ ab\t ! "t ( ! c5t5nial celebration4 ,aga91 9 #ahic1 ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition1 ,*icago1 _h a great effect on art 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x /irr$ ! :ole _w by ! production ( beautiful & impressive gr\ps ( build+s1 s arrang$ & coord9at$ z to create ! s5se ( unity 9 ! :ole composition4 ,! ,:ite ,city along ! %ores ( ,lake ,mi*igan /ill lives 9 ! m9ds ( _m p to-day4 ,! use ( l&scape effects1 ( canals & bas9s1 ( /atu>y & pa9t+s1 all contribut$ to impress ! public & to lift p to new /&>ds & ideals ( a*ievem5t4 ,x m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( a new era ( civic developm5t4 ,9 ,*icago1 = ! fir/ "t1 m5 saw ! advantage ( teamwork to produce a result f9] ?an any?+ be=e dream$ (4 ,a numb] ( ! great arti/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day s]v$ _! appr5tice%ip dur+ ! prep>ation ( ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition1 ,*icago4 ,sev]al ( ! arti/s s]v$ on ! decorations ( ! ,congressional ,libr>y1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 #ahig4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! beautiful creations 9 ar*itecture & sculpture 9 ,wa%+ton dur+ ! pa/ #ce ye>s by great arti/s reflect ! exp]i5ce & inspiration receiv$ dur+ t p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,_w',s ,,columbian ,,exposition1 ,,*icago--,,c\rt ,,( ,,honor1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ ,illu/ration3 ,,_w',s ,,columbian ,,exposition1 ,,*icago--,,c\rt ,,( ,,honor1 ,,look+ ,,we/ ,a mo/ rem>kable result ( ! ae/hetic a*ievem5ts ( ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition 0 ! influ5ce x _h on ! ar*itecture ( sev]al national expositions :i* 7 held at ! close ( ! n9ete5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5turies4 ,! fir/ ( ^! expositions 0 ! ,trans-,mississippi ,exposition1 :i* 0 held at ,omaha1 ,nebr41 #ahig-ahih4 ,sev]al classical build+s 7 erect$ = x1 z 7 erect$ also = ! ,pan-,am]ican ,exposition1 held at ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 9 #aija1 to emphasize ! progress ( ,am]icans ( ! we/]n cont95ts dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!n foll[$ ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase ,exposition1 :i* ranks z ! ?ird great ,_w's ,fair held 9 ?is c\ntry 9 #aijd1 9 celebration ( ! "o hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! transf] ( ! ,l\isiana ,t]ritory by ,france to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son4 ,x is significant t z ,?omas ,jeff]son _h introduc$ ! classical /yle ( ar*itecture into ?is c\ntry1 s at ?is ,exposition mo/ ( ! #ae l>ge/ build+s resembl$ 9 "* ! classical build+s ( ! ,*icago ,_w's ,fair4 ,! next exposition 9 :i* ar*itecture _h an important "p 0 ! ,alaska-,yukon ,pacific ,exposition1 held at ,seattle1 ,wa%41 9 #aiji4 ,aga9 ! classical /yle ( ar*itecture 0 emphasiz$1 &1 z at ! ,*icago ,exposition1 ! build+s _h an ivory-:ite appe>ance4 ,x 0 /at$ at ! "t3 ,! influ5ces ( an ,exposition are ( c\rse _m1 b "o ( ! mo/ palpable influ5ces ( our ,am]ican expositions has be5 _! p[] to /imulate a p[]ful int]e/ 9 ar*itecture & build+4 ,! b5efic5t influ5ce ( ! ,*icago ,_w's ,fair on our ar*itecture is ( ine/imable value1 n only = ! ar*itects b = ! entire c\ntry4 ,_m ,am]icans owe _! int]e/ 9 build+s & ar*itecture to a visit to ,*icago 9 #ahic1 j z _m cities & t[ns recall 9 _! municipal & gov]nm5t /ructures ! revival ( classic spl5dor se5 9 ! /ucco palaces ( ! ,_w's ,fair4 ,! next exposition ( importance 0 ! ,panama-,pacific ,exposition at ,san ,francisco1 ,calif41 held 9 #aiae4 ,9 #aijf almo/ ! entire c5tral "p ( ! city _h be5 de/roy$ by a frightful e>?quake & fire4 ,9 less ?an a decade ! city 0 rebuilt1 & by #aiae !re _h also be5 plann$ & con/ruct$ ! great ,exposition4 ,its pr9cipal build+s 7 built 9 ! classical /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,highway ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,! /reet-plann+ process has exp]i5c$ sev]al /ages ( developm5t4 #a4 ,! n>r[ /reets ( ,georget[n are typical ( ! fir/ /age4 #b4 ,! wide av5ues & /reets ( ! area includ$ 9 ! ,l',enfant plan are appropriately ref]r$ to z out/&+ pro( ( ! value ( prop] plann+4 ,! m]it ( ?is g5]\s /reet plan 0 nev] m widely appreciat$ ?an at pres5t1 :5 o!r cities are sp5d+ millions ( doll>s to h _! /reets wid5$ to meet traffic requirem5ts4 #c4 ,! d>k days ( ! ,national ,capital1 z f> z its circulation sy/em is conc]n$1 7 ^? dur+ :i*1 outside ! city plann$ by ,l',enfant1 /reets 7 d$icat$ )\t ref]5ce to any compreh5sive plan4 ,?is p]iod 0 f ab\t #ahff to #ahic4 ,! lack ( au?ority to en=ce a plan all[$ l&-own]s1 ins5sible to ! sup]ior qualities ( ! ,l',enfant s*eme1 to d z !y pleas$4 ,prior to #ahic no city plan exi/$ beyond ! orig9al city limits4 ,/reets c\ld be creat$ entirely at ! w ( ! subdivid] by ! simple record+ ( a plat1 = !re 0 no au?ority to control or coord9ate subdivisions4 ,sixte5? ,/reet 0 block$ at ,florida ,av5ue1 j z ,sev5te5? ,/reet is today4 ,v]mont1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ,t5nessee ,av5ues 7 ignor$4 ,wid?s ( important /reets 7 r$uc$1 & a me?od ( l& subdivision came into vogue :olly out ( keep+ ) a capital city4 #d4 ,! reaction br\ght ! s-call$ highway plan outside ( ! orig9al city limits ( ,wa%+ton & ,georget[n4 ,x 0 9 effect an ext5sion ( ! plan ( ! orig9al city to apply to all p>ts ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ) su* *anges z 7 influ5c$ by ! topography4 ,all subdivisions subsequ5t to #ahic con=m1 by requirem5t ( law1 to ?is (ficial plan4 ,?is highway plan1 fir/ made effective 9 #ahih1 0 a belat$ b praisewor?y ef=t to ext5d ! ,l',enfant plan ) its s*eme ( /reets & av5ues beyond ! old city4 ,consid]+ ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 prep>$1 & ! /ate ( city-plann+ sci5ce at ! "t1 x 0 a notable a*ievem5t4 ,! "w 0 done by a bo>d on /reet ext5sions1 ) a memb]%ip entirely ex (ficio1 kn[n z ! ,highway ,commission1 e/abli%$ by ! act ( ,congress ( #ahic4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,army ,air ,corps ,,wa%+ton1 ,,look+ ,,nor? ,,f ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,army ,air ,corps ,,wa%+ton1 ,,look+ ,,s\? ,,f ,,sixte5? ,,/reet ,,& ,,columbia ,,road #e4 ,s9ce !n ! ,surveyor's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission1 :i* sup]s$$ ! ,highway ,commission ( #ahic1 h made an int5sive /udy ( ! highway problems ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 includ+ /reet railroad problems4 ,?is has requir$ a diff]5tiation ( /reet functions1 & an application ( ! be/ me?ods ( mod]n l& subdivision to ! rema9+ undevelop$ areas2 also an attempt to re/ate ! ,l',enfant ideal 9 ! t]ms ( a motor age4 ,! results a*iev$ appe> 9 ! *anges 9 ! highway plan already approv$ by ! ,commission or be+ recomm5d$ to ! ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia f "t to "t4 ,_m *anges 9 ! highway plan h ?us be5 made1 ea* case hav+ requir$ c>eful /udy ( effects on topography1 trees1 dra9age1 lot dep?s & sizes1 etc4 ,! acts ( ,congress ( #aiad & #aibe au?oriz$ additional *anges 9 ! ,highway ,plan4 ,! act approv$ ,decemb] #ae1 #aicb 7,public1 ,no4 #cjg1 #gb;d ,cong471 au?orizes ! ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 8to readju/ & close /reets1 roads1 highways1 or alleys 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia r5d]$ useless or unnecess>y40 ,! desirability ( discont9u+ /reets :i* h nev] be5 op5$ & :i* exi/ only on a map & only "p ( :i* are 9 public own]%ip1 :5 a bett] & *eap] way ( giv+ ! same traffic connection c be f\nd1 seems s manife/ z to require no fur!r ju/ification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gateh\se ,,by ,,bulf9* ,,:i* ,,=m]ly ,,/ood ,,ne> ,,! ,,capitol ,) a view to creat+ direct art]ies 9 :i* ! vital traffic fl[ ( ! community may freely move1 a major ?or\ghf>e s*eme1 ext5d+ into ! metropolitan area ( ,wa%+ton1 has also be5 /udi$4 ,! ,di/rict ,commission]s h an int]e/+ map illu/rat+ ! ,highway ,plan4 ,! ,highway ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia has *>ge ( upkeep & ma9t5ance ( highways 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,out ( #a1jbj miles ( /reets 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #hee miles are pav$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,mc,m,i,l,l,a,n ,,p>k ,,commission--,,! ,,plan ,,( #aija ,9 #aijj a great celebration commemorat+ ! "o-hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! removal ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 held 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! keynote ( ! celebration 0 ! improvem5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 a mann] & to ! ext5t comm5surate ) ! dignity & ! res\rces ( ! ,am]ican ,nation4 ,! population 0 #bah1aif4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,baltimore ,,ohio ,,railroad ,,/ation ,:ile ! c5t5nial ex]cises 7 9 progress ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects1 9 session 9 ,wa%+ton1 discuss$ ! subject ( ! developm5t ( p>ks & ! plac+ ( public build+s2 ! t5tative ideas ( a numb] ( ! lead+ ar*itects1 sculptors1 & l&scape ar*itects ( ! c\ntry 7 he>d2 & z a result ! ,in/itute appo9t$ a committee on legislation4 ,consultations betwe5 t committee & ! ,s5ate ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 7 foll[$ by ! ord] ( ! ,s5ate = ! prep>ation & submission ( a g5]al plan = ! developm5t ( ! entire p>k sy/em ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,model ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,,%[+ ,,conditions ,,9 #aija ,illu/ration3 ,,model ,,( ,,! ,,future ,,wa%+ton1 ,,plan ,,( #aija ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton1 ,,f ,,arl+ton1 ,,plan ,,( #aija ,?us1 ,hon4 ,james ,mc,millan1 ( ,mi*igan1 *airman ( ! ,s5ate ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate on ,m>* #h1 #aija3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia be1 & x is h]eby1 direct$ to consid] ! subject & report to ! ,s5ate plans = ! developm5t & improvem5t ( ! entire p>k sy/em ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,= ! purpose ( prep>+ su* plans ! committee may sit dur+ ! recess ( ,congress & may secure ! s]vices ( su* exp]ts z may be necess>y = a prop] consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,! exp5ses ( su* inve/igation %all be paid f ! cont+5t fund ( ! ,s5ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,,/ation ,on ,m>* #ai1 #aija1 ! subcommittee ( ! ,di/rict ,committee hav+ ! matt] 9 *>ge met ! repres5tatives ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects & agre$ to _! proposition t ,daniel ,h4 ,burnham1 ar*itect1 & ,fr$]ick ,law ,olm/$1 jr41 l&scape ar*itect1 be select$ z exp]ts1 ) p[] to add to _! numb]4 ,^! g5tlem5 accept$1 & subsequ5tly invit$ ,*>les ,f4 ,mc,kim1 ar*itect1 & ,augu/us ,sa9t-,gaud5s1 sculptor1 to act ) !m 9 ! prep>ation ( plans4 ,! s]vices ( m5 :o _h won ! v highe/ places 9 _! sev]al pr(essions _h ?us be5 secur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mall1 ,,%[+ ,,railroad ,,tracks ,,cross+ ,,x ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mall ,,inundat$ ,! nature & scope ( ! "w hav+ be5 outl9$ to ! commission1 !y ent]$ ^u _! task1 b n )\t hesitation & misgiv+s4 ,! problem 0 bo? difficult & complex4 ,mu* _h to be done2 mu*1 also1 _h to be undone4 ,also ! aid & advice ( ! commission 0 s\ght imm$iately 9 relation to build+s & memorials "u consid]ation1 & ?us ! importance & usefulness ( ! commission 7 enhanc$4 ,! commission1 9 ord] to make a clos] /udy ( ! practice ( l&scape ar*itecture z appli$ to p>ks & public build+s1 made a brief trip to ,europe1 visit+ ,rome1 ,v5ice1 ,vi5na1 ,budape/1 ,p>is1 ,london1 & _! suburbs4 ,att5tion 0 direct$ pr9cipally to asc]ta9+ :at arrangem5t ( p>k areas be/ adapts !m to ! uses ( ! p & :at are ! elem5ts t give pleasure f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & ev5 f c5tury to c5tury4 ,! _m & /rik+ results ( ?is /udy 7 giv5 9 ! ,p>k ,commission ,report1 includ+ plans & illu/rations4 ,! ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia submitt$ ! report to ! ,s5ate on ,janu>y #ae1 #aijb4 ,x 0 adopt$ & ord]$ to be pr9t$ z ,s5ate ,report ,no4 #aff1 ,fifty-sev5? ,congress1 fir/ session4 ,mc,m,i,l,l,a,n ,,p>k ,,commission ,! memb]s ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission 73 ,,daniel ,h4 ,,burnham1 ar*itect1 ( ,*icago4 ,he became head ( ! firm ( ,burnham ,root1 "o ( ! fir/ great ar*itectural firms ( ! c\ntry1 & lat] ( ,d4 ,h4 ,burnham ,co4 ,design] ( _m build+s1 among !m ! ,railway ,ex*ange & ,m>%all ,field's retail /ore 9 ,*icago1 & ! ,wanamak] /ores 9 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia2 9 #ahic he became *ief ar*itect & director ( works ( ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition4 ,mr4 ,burnham 0 in/rum5tal 9 secur+ ! adoption ( a s*eme ( con/ruction :i* plac$ t exhibition 9 ! v front rank ( int]national exhibitions1 & by ! display ( r>e executive ability he br\ght ab\t & ma9ta9$ ! effective coop]ation ( ! ar*itects & arti/s1 :o !n & !re gave to ,am]ican art bo? a new direction & a trem5d\s impetus4 ,9 #aija he became *airman ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission = beautify+ ! ,national ,capital2 9 #aijh he built ! ,union ,/ation at ,wa%+ton2 9 #aiaj he became a memb] ( ! ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts & its fir/ *airman4 ,he also laid out plans = ,*icago1 ,clevel&1 & ,manila4 ,he di$ 9 #aiab :ile on a trip abroad4 ,,*>les ,f4 ,,mckim1 ar*itect1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 /udi$ ar*itecture at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity & at ! cole des ,beaux ,arts 9 ,p>is4 ,he organiz$ ! firm ( ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ar*itects1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 :o = half a c5tury h l$ ! ar*itectural pr(ession 9 ! design ( classical build+s1 su* z ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity build+s1 ! ,columbia ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ! ,morgan ,libr>y1 ! ,rhode ,isl& ,capitol1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,/ation 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ! re/oration ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & are ! ar*itects ( ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge4 ,mr4 ,mc,kim1 z a memb] ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission1 design$ ! ,mall plan1 & also made a sket* = ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,mr4 ,mc,kim 0 presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects 9 #aijb & #aijc1 & 0 in/rum5tal 9 ! pur*ase ( ! ,octagon ,h\se z ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects4 ,9 #aijc he 0 aw>d$ ! royal gold m$al giv5 by ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii = ! promotion ( ar*itecture4 ,mr4 ,mc,kim 0 a *ampion ( good ar*itecture & ke5ly int]e/$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,he deplor$ ! appe>ance ( ! ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,build+1 & said he w\ld f9d pleasure dur+ leisure h\rs 9 rak+ (f ! columns--a "w t is contemplat$ 9 ! remodel+ ( ! build+ z ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ,build+4 ,he di$ 9 #aiji4 ,illu/ration ,,augu/us ,,sa9t-,,gaud5s1 sculptor1 born 9 ,dubl91 ,irel&1 on ,m>* #a1 #ahdh1 came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 infancy & le>n$ ! trade ( a cameo cutt]4 ,he /udi$ draw+ at ! ,coop] ,in/itute 9 #ahfa1 & 9 #ahfe & #ahff 0 a /ud5t ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,design4 ,f #ahfg to #ahgj he /udi$ at ! cole des ,beaux ,arts 9 ,p>is4 ,mr4 ,sa9t-,gaud5s 0 ! greate/ ,am]ican sculptor1 &1 inde$1 "o ( ! greate/ ( all "t4 ,8 great works ( art are num]\s & inspir+4 ,among !m are ,! ,puritan2 ! /atue ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,*icago2 ! ,f>ragut1 ! ,pet] ,coop]1 & ! ,%]man ,victory monum5ts 9 ,new ,york2 ! ,%aw ,memorial 9 ,bo/on2 ! ,amor ,c>itas at ! ,luxemb\rg ,gall]y 9 ,p>is2 & ! celebrat$ ,adams ,memorial 9 ,rock ,creek ,cemet]y1 ,wa%+ton4 ,he also design$ a #bj gold piece4 ,z a memb] ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission he wrote t "p ( ! report p]ta9+ to ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y & advis$ 9 ! matt] ( location ( ! ,grant ,memorial at ! head ( ! ,mall4 ,he di$ 9 #aijg4 ,,fr$]ick ,,law ,,olm/$1 l&scape ar*itect1 f ! "t t he became a memb] ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission ( #aija has giv5 un9t]rupt$ s]vice 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,he 0 "o ( ! orig9al memb]s ( ! ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts1 appo9t$ 9 #aiaj1 & s]v$ z l&scape ar*itect memb] until #aiah4 ,f #aibd he s]v$ z l&scape ar*itect memb] ( ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission4 ,mr4 ,olm/$ 0 presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,society ( ,l&scape ,ar*itects & f its organization 9 #aijg a memb] ( ! ,national ,conf]5ce on ,city ,plann+4 ,8 fa!r laid out ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york ,city1 ab\t #aheh 7#b1cjj m5 7 employ$ on x 9 ,septemb] ( t ye>71 & 9 #ahgb he prep>$ ! l&scape plan = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capitol ,gr\nds z !y h exi/$ s9ce !n4 ,mr4 ,olm/$ & 8 firm h 9 m rec5t ye>s laid out ! ,metropolitan ,p>k ,sy/em ( ,bo/on1 ! ,v&]bilt ,e/ate 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ! ,baltimore ,p>k ,sy/em1 & ,r$ondo ,bea*1 ,los ,angeles ,c\nty1 ,calif4 ,! small] p>k areas :i* ,mr4 ,olm/$ has design$ are too num]\s to m5tion4 ,,*>les ,,moore has devot$ fully #ej ye>s to ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital1 & is a =m] *airman ( ! ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,mr4 ,moore 0 = _m ye>s cl]k to ! ,s5ate ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 r5d]+ mo/ valuable s]vice to ! committee1 ( :i* ,s5ator ,mc,millan 0 *airman1 z well z to ! ,national ,capital4 ,! reports on ! elim9ation ( grade cross+s 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & on ! *>itable in/itutions ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 z well z ! ,p>k ,commission ,report ( #aija1 are memorable docum5ts ( t p]iod :i* 7 l>gely prep>$ by him4 ,8 influ5ce has always be5 /rong ) ,memb]s ( ,congress 9 favor ( ! developm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ^u a noble scale4 ,8 appo9tm5t z "o ( ! orig9al memb]s ( ! ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts 0 a fitt+ recognition n only ( pa/ s]vices b ( 8 preem95t qualifications to pass ^u subjects relat+ to ! beautification ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,he 0 *airman f #aiae to #aicg4 ,mr4 ,moore also help$ prep>e ! plan ( ,*icago4 ,he is ! au?or ( a numb] ( books1 among !m be+ ,"u ,?ree ,flags1 ! ,life ( ,daniel ,h4 ,burnham1 ! ,life ( ,*>les ,f4 ,mc,kim1 ! ,family ,life ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,wa%+ton ,pa/ & ,pres5t2 & has contribut$ also innum]able articles to magaz9es 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>s4 ,,plans ,,( ,,! ,mc,m,i,l,l,a,n ,,p>k ,,commission ,! plans prep>$ by ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission & submitt$1 ) its report1 to ! ,s5ate1 con/itut$ ! fir/ & mo/ notable proposal = gr\p+ ( public build+s ev] put =w>d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! outly+ sections ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 7 /udi$ 9 relation to a sy/em ( p>ks1 bo? l>ge & small areas be+ indicat$2 ! mo/ conv5i5t & ! mo/ picturesque connections betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ks 7 mapp$2 ! individual treatm5t :i* ea* important p>k %\ld und]go 0 recomm5d$2 an ext5sion ( ! p>k sy/em to ,great ,falls & to ,m\nt ,v]non 0 discuss$4 ,prim>ily1 h[ev]1 ! developm5t ( ! ,mall receiv$ detail$ & elaborate treatm5t1 & ! location ( new public build+s1 :e!r legislative1 executive1 or municipal 9 "*1 0 arrang$ accord+ to a rational sy/em ( gr\p+2 & ^? memorials :i* m>k di/9ct epo*s 9 our national hi/ory 7 br\ght into h>moni\s relation ) ! g5]al s*eme ( developm5t4 ,z a result ( ?is /udy1 ! desirability ( mak+ e consid]able und]tak+ )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia a "p ( a g5]al plan 0 made evid5t1 s t ea* und]tak+ %\ld contribute its "p to enhanc+ ! value ( ! :ole2 & no und]tak+ w\ld be all[$ to invade1 to mutilate1 or to m> ! symmetry1 simplicity1 & dignity ( ! "o great composition design$ to compreh5d ! entire area4 ,9 work+ out ! plans ! p>k commission f\nd x necess>y to h prep>$ two models1 "o %[+ ! exi/+ di/urb$ conditions 9 ! section f ! ,libr>y ( ,congress we/w>d to ! ,potomac1 & ! o!r %[+ ! arrangem5t propos$4 ,^! models1 con/ruct$ ) ! utmo/ att5tion to ! details ( topography by ,george ,c4 ,curtis1 7 accurate maps ( ! section !y s graphically depict$1 & s]v$ z guides 9 c>ry+ ! plans to completion4 ,to pres5t 9 graphic fa%ion p>ticul> features ( ! plans1 ! accurate ar*itectural draw+s 7 r5d]$ 9 color by lead+ arti/s1 & by means ( ^! pictures a cle> & di/9ct idea ( ! complet$ "w 0 obta9$4 ,"o ( ! greate/ ob/acles to a re/oration ( ! ,mall z provid$ = 9 ! ,l',enfant plan 0 ! fact t s9ce #ahgb ! ,mall _h be5 occupi$ by railroad tracks1 ! bo>d ( ald]m5 & ! bo>d ( common c\ncil hav+ on ,m>* #bj1 #ahga1 grant$ ! ,mall site to ! ,baltimore ,potomac ,railroad ,co41 lat] ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co41 :i* action 0 confirm$ by act ( ,congress ,may #ba1 #ahgb4 ,! ,mall 0 !n no bett] ?an a common pa/ure4 ,! railroad _h tak5 ! place ( ! canal1 :i* x p>allel$1 & held ! "r to use ! prop]ty by a title good 9 law & 9 equity2 also by virtue ( an act ( ,congress adopt$ 9 #ahij ! railroad space _h be5 enl>g$1 9 consid]ation ( ! surr5d] ( /reet trackage & ! propos$ elevation ( ! tracks )9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,x s happ5$ t ! *airman ( ! commission1 ,mr4 ,burnham1 0 ! ar*itect ( ! new ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,/ation at ,pittsburgh1 & he _h also drawn = ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 ! prelim9>y plans = ! ,baltimore ,potomac ,railroad ,/ation 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,aft] consultation1 ,mr4 ,burnham propos$ to ! presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 t ! /ation be built on ! s\? side ( ! ,mall & ! adjo9+ l&s2 &1 :ile ! matt] receiv$ s]i\s consid]ation1 no action 0 tak54 ,x 0 dur+ ! /ay ( ! commission 9 ,london t ,presid5t ,cassatt ann\nc$ to ,mr4 ,burnham 8 will+ness to consid] ! "q1 n ( mov+ ! ,baltimore ,potomac ,railroad ,/ation to ! s\? side ( ! ,mall b ( )draw+ altoge!r f t region & unit+ ) ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad ,co4 9 ! erection ( a union /ation on ! site e/abli%$ by legislation = ! new depot ( t road1 provid$ suitable legislation be secur$ to make comp5sation = ! increas$ exp5se su* a *ange w\ld involve1 & provid$1 also1 t ! approa*es to ! new site be made wor?y ( ! build+ ! railroads propos$ to erect4 ,subsequ5t exam9ation conv9c$ ! commission t f an e/hetic /&po9t !re 7 insup]able objections to ! depot site provid$ by law2 ! *ief objection be+ t 7 ! /ation to front on ,c ,/reet a tra9 %$ #hjj feet long w\ld be ?r[n across ,massa*usetts ,av5ue1 "o ( ! great ?or\ghf>es ( ! city4 ,n only w\ld ! vi/a be block$ by a comm]cial build+1 b also ! /reet w\ld be c>ri$ und]nea? ?is enorm\s /ructure 9 a tunnel s long z to cause ! av5ue to be avoid$ by traffic4 ,! commission !reupon propos$ a site front+ on ,massa*usetts ,av5ue1 & t 0 ! "o adopt$ = ! ,union ,/ation4 ,! plans call$ = a /ation #h feet & #h in*es long] ?an ! ,capitol1 ! build+ to be ( :ite m>ble1 ! faade ,roman 9 /yle ( ar*itecture1 & ! con/ruction & arrangem5ts s plann$ z to make ?is /ation sup]ior to any /ructure ev] erect$ = railway purposes4 ,fac+ ! ,capitol1 & yet n too ne> t build+1 ! new /ation 0 design$ to front ^u a plaza #fjj feet 9 wid? & #a1bjj feet 9 l5g?1 :]e bodies ( troops or l>ge organizations c\ld be =m$ dur+ inaugural times or on o!r l occasions4 ,?us locat$ & s con/ruct$1 ! ,union ,/ation makes a great & impressive gateway to ,wa%+ton4 ,9 consid]+ ! views ( ! commission1 & 9 rea*+ 8 decision1 ! presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 look$ at ! matt] f ! /&po9t ( an ,am]ican citiz51 say+ 9 sub/ance t he appreciat$ ! fact t if ,congress int5d$ to make ( ! ,mall :at ! f\nd]s ( ! city int5d$ x to be1 no railroad %\ld be all[$ to cross x1 & t he 0 will+ to vacate ! space provid$ ! matt] c\ld be arrang$ )\t sacrific+ ! int]e/s ( ! /ockhold]s ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 ,?is conditional cons5t on ! "p ( ! railroad1 :i* 0 lat] agre$ to by ,congress1 remov$ ! "o great ob/acle to ! prep>ation ( adequate plans = ! improvem5t ( ! city4 ,less] ob/acles1 su* z ! lack ( surveys ( ! olde/ p>ks 9 ! ,di/rict & ! difficulties ( gett+ toge!r ! widely scatt]$ data1 7 surm\nt$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! "w 0 mu* light5$ by ! excell5t topographical maps ( ! ,di/rict outside ( ! city prep>$ by ! ,coa/ & ,geodetic ,survey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,treatm5t ,,= ,,area ,,we/ ,,( ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,plan ,,( #aija ,,! ,,capitol ,,gr\p ,naturally ! plan ( #aija began at ! ,capitol4 ,x 0 recomm5d$ t ! *ief legislative build+ ( ! ,nation be surr\nd$ by /ructures dep5d5t on or supplem5t>y to legislative "w4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress _h be5 complet$ 9 #ahig4 ,! enjoym5t & satisfaction tak5 9 ! ,libr>y by ! ?\s&s ( p]sons f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry :o visit x daily is an indication ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,am]ican p reg>d ! upbuild+ ( _! ,capital4 ,s9ce ! ,libr>y ,build+ 0 design$ we h le>n$ lessons ( subord9ation 9 gr\p+ 7z %[n 9 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,(fice ,build+s & 9 ! ,union ,/ation71 & also ( re/ra9t 9 decoration2 b ! ,libr>y conta9s individual "w ( ! lead+ pa9t]s & sculptors ( its era4 ,illu/ration3 ,,union ,,squ>e1 ,,plan ,,( #aija ,! idea ( (fice build+s = ! ,memb]s ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 0 9 m9d :5 ! plan 0 be+ made1 & !re=e ! areas ^! build+s w\ld naturally occupy 7 m>k$4 ,! ?ree build+s 7 design$ & con/ruct$ 9 su* mann] z to make !m an integral "p ( ! ,capitol gr\p4 ,simple1 elegant1 & dignifi$1 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,(fice ,build+s c>ry on ! great tradition e/abli%$ by ,wa%+ton & ,jeff]son 9 ! selection ( ! ,?ornton design = ! orig9al build+1 & p]si/5tly ma9ta9$ by ,presid5t ,fillmore 9 ! ext5sion ( ! ,capitol by ,?omas ,u4 ,walt]4 ,by common cons5t ! rema9+ space fac+ ! ,capitol on ! ea/ 0 assign$ to a build+ = ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* s9ce ! removal ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 #ahjj occupi$ ! same build+ ) ! ,congress4 ,on ! s\? bel[ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,(fice ,build+s ! frontage is occupi$ by nondescript build+s1 all undignifi$ & unsightly4 ,! obvi\s use ( ?is l& is build+ sites & h\se g>d5s to balance ,union ,/ation ,plaza on ! nor?4 ,?is also is a project = ! future4 ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,mall ,! area directly we/ ( ! ,capitol gr\nds 0 m>k$ on ! ,l',enfant map z an op5 plaza1 af=d+ an approa* to t build+ simil> to ! "o on ! ea/4 ,ow+ to ! sl[ developm5t ( ,wa%+ton ! we/ front und]w5t v>i\s vicissitudes4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad ,co4 tracks once 7 locat$ ab\t on a l9e ) ! ,peace & ,g>field ,monum5ts4 ,! ,botanic ,g>d5 area 0 reclaim$ f an ald] swamp1 & ! ,james ,creek ,canal w\nd its way ?r\gh x4 ,a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago ! ,h\se pass$ a bill = ! removal ( ! ,botanic ,g>d5 f5ce1 ) ! view ( giv+ ! public access to t p>k 9 ! same mann] t o!r p>ks are op54 ,! plan ( #aija aim$ to re/ore ?is area to its int5d$ uses z a broad ?or\ghf>e s enri*$ ) p>t]res z to =m an organic connection betwe5 ! ,capitol ,gr\nds & ! ,mall4 ,anticipat+ ! improvem5t ( ?is squ>e1 nam$ ,union ,squ>e1 z outl9$ 9 ! plan1 ,congress locat$ !re9 ! memorial to ,g5]al ,grant1 ! base ( :i* 0 design$ to be us$ z a review+ /&1 & lat] a site 9 ! same area 0 designat$ = ! monum5t to ,g5]al ,meade4 ,! ,grant ,memorial 0 complet$ a numb] ( ye>s ago1 ! ,meade ,monum5t is also 9 place1 & ! ,botanic ,g>d5 has be5 relocat$ s\? ( ,m>yl& ,av5ue1 ne> ! ,capitol4 ,! new plan = ,union ,squ>e z c>ri$ out1 0 made by ,fr$]ick ,law ,olm/$ 9 #aice4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,mall ,t section ( ! ,mall betwe5 ,?ird & ,f\r-&-a-half ,/reets has be5 laid out & plant$ ) elms 9 accordance ) ! plan ( #aija1 & ,congress has provid$ = putt+ 9 ! roadways4 ,! tempor>y build+s 9 ! ,mall 7 s locat$ t ^u removal ! roadways w be 9 accordance ) ! ,mall plan1 & z fa/ z ! build+s are raz$ ! plant+ ( trees c be made4 ,! space betwe5 ,f\r-&-a-half & ,six? ,/reets 0 s improv$ & re/or$ dur+ ! fiscal ye> beg9n+ ,july #a1 #aiba4 ,congress has au?oriz$ ! occupation ( ! nor? side ( ! ,mall betwe5 ,?ird & ,sev5? ,/reets 7=m] site ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ation7 by ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art1 design$ by ,john ,russell ,pope4 ,plans = ! build+ approv$ by ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts are classical 9 /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,auditoriums1 bo? l>ge & small1 design$ = ! uses ( conv5tions1 inaugural ex]cises1 & meet+s ( patriotic societies are among ! prime necessities ( ,wa%+ton4 ,su* ga!r+ places w\ld meet gov]nm5tal & semipublic ne$s & be advantage\s to ! gr[? ( ,am]ican feel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mall ,,& ,,monum5t ,,g>d5s1 ,,plan ,,( #aija ,! space betwe5 ,?ird & ,sev5? ,/reets1 on ! s\? side ( ! ,mall is be+ consid]$ = ! ,smi?sonian ,gall]y ( ,art1 au?oriz$ by ,congress1 to h\se ! collections ( works ( art t h be5 giv5 to ! ,nation4 ,! plant+ & roadways cont9u\s ) ^? already 9 place on ! ,mall c !n be put 94 ,! new ,national ,museum ,build+ 0 ! fir/ /ructure to be locat$ & erect$ accord+ to ! plan ( #aija1 hav+ be5 align$ 9 con=mity to ! new ,mall axis4 ,on ! s\? side ( ! ,mall ! new ,fre] ,gall]y also con=ms to ! revis$ axis4 ,?is gall]y is a con/itu5t portion ( ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art4 ,x repres5ts "o ( ! l>ge/ gifts ev] made by an individual to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,al?\gh comp>atively small 9 ext5t1 bo? ! build+ itself & ! collections n[ be+ arrang$ )9 x repres5t ! v highe/ /&>ds ( art4 ,moreov]1 ! ,fre] ,gall]y is a type ( ! small1 adequately h\s$1 & well-end[$ gall]y :i* d\btless w be e/abli%$ f "t to "t by private individuals & giv5 to ! ,nation to be adm9i/]$ by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution = ! in/ruction & gratification ( ! p4 ,! section ( ! ,mall betwe5 ,twelf? & ,f\rte5? ,/reets is occupi$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! location ( ! two w+s ( ! build+ design$ to accommodate ! adm9i/rative (fices ( ! dep>tm5t precipitat$ a conte/1 on ! result ( :i* dep5d$ ! fate ( ! plan ( #aija4 ,x 0 due to ! firm /& tak5 by ,presid5t ,roosevelt & ,secret>y ( ,w> ,taft t ! location 0 made 9 accordance ) ! plan4 ,t crisis hav+ be5 met satisfactorily1 ! future ( ! ,mall s*eme 0 assur$1 & s9ce !n ! plan = p>k connection betwe5 ! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se has become an e/abli%$ fact4 ,:ile ,l',enfant _h plann$ a driveway ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! ,mall1 ! ,mall ,plan ( #aija consi/s ( an expanse ( undulat+ gre5 p>k1 a mile 9 l5g? & #cjj feet wide1 ext5d+ f ! ,capitol to ! ,monum5t4 ,?is c5tral gre5 space is bord]$ by p>k roads1 flank$ by f\r r[s ( ,am]ican elms1 "u ! %ade ( :i* are walks & re/+ places4 ,back ( ^! r[s ( trees are o!r roads furni%+ access to public build+s l ! ,national ,museum1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,build+1 ! ,fre] ,gall]y1 & ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art1 :i* h be5 locat$ accord+ to ! plan4 ,,re/or+ ,,! ,,mall ,,axis ,accord+ to ! ,l',enfant plan ! ,monum5t to ,george ,wa%+ton 0 to be locat$ at ! po9t :]e a l9e drawn due we/ f ! c5t] ( ! ,capitol w\ld int]sect a l9e drawn due s\? f ! c5t] ( ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,on ^! axial relations ! ,mall composition dep5d$ = its effect4 ,! build]s ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 despair+ ( secur+ adequate f\ndations 9 ! l[l&s at ! int]section ( ! ma9 & ! cross axes1 locat$ ! ,monum5t )\t reg>d to po9ts fix$ 9 ! plan4 ,feel+ ! absolute necessity ( re/or+ ^! relation%ips1 ! ,p>k ,commission boldly det]m9$ to create a new ma9 axis by draw+ a l9e f ! ,capitol ,dome ?r\gh ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t & prolong+ x to ! %ore ( ! ,potomac1 :]e !y propos$1 on ! !n unimprov$ l&s dr$g$ f ! riv] to =m ,potomac ,p>k1 a site = a new memorial4 ,"h !y plac$ ! long-contemplat$ memorial to ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,?is !y did ) full compreh5sion ( ! fact t by common cons5t ,l9coln is ! "o man 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is ,nation wor?y to /& ) ,wa%+ton 9 ! great c5tral composition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,mall ,! orig9al int]section _h be5 m>k$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son by a small monum5t kn[n z ! ,jeff]son ,pi]4 ,9 ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission plan ( #aija ?is pi] is indicat$ by a circul> pool4 ,t commission1 z has be5 said1 re/or$ ! cross axis ( ! ,mall1 & f ! ,mall plan ( #aija by actual measurem5t ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t is #cga4f feet ea/ ( ! nor? & s\? axis ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & #abc4ag feet s\? ( ! ,capitol axis4 ,,ext5d+ ,,! ,,mall ,,axis ,,to ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,:ile ?is location ( ! ,l9coln ,memorial comm5d$ itself to m5 l ,!odore ,roosevelt1 ,john ,hay1 ,elihu ,root1 & ,william ,h4 ,taft1 x 0 oppos$ by _m o!rs1 :o _h reg>d to ! imm$iate future & :o did n consid] ei!r ! hi/orical significance ( ! situation or ! prospective developm5t ( ,potomac ,p>k1 !n f> f ! m popul\s p>ts ( ! city & ?us seem+ly isolat$ & remote4 ,! /ruggle ov] ?is location1 & inde$ ov] any memorial ( an ideal "*1 0 long & bitt]4 ,nor 0 x end$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ,mr4 ,mc,kim & ,mr4 ,sa9t-,gaud5s4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 ! result 0 det]m9$ 9 accordance ) ! commission plan1 & to-day no o!r site seems possible4 ,?is 0 a di/9ct victory = ! plan1 virtually insur+ ! realization ( ! l>ge s*eme z laid out 9 #aija4 ,! ,p>k ,commission wrote z foll[s3 ,f ! ,monum5t g>d5 we/w>d a canal #c1fjj feet long & #bjj feet wide1 ) c5tral arms & bord]$ by /ret*es ( gre5 wall$ ) trees1 leads to a conc\rse rais$ to ! height ( ! ,monum5t plat=m4 ,se5 f ! ,monum5t ?is canal1 simil> 9 "* to ! canals at ,v]sailles & ,fonta9ebleau 9 ,france & ,hampton ,c\rt 9 ,engl&1 introduces into ! =mal l&scape an elem5t ( repose & great beauty4 ,at ! head ( ! canal a great rond-po9t1 plac$ on ! ma9 axis ( ! ,capitol & ! ,monum5t1 becomes a gate ( approa* to ! p>k sy/em ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,c5t]+ ^u x z a great po9t ( reunion are ! drives lead+ s\!a/ to ,potomac ,p>k & nor?we/ by ! ,riv]side ,drive to ! ,rock ,creek sy/em ( p>ks4 ,f ?is elevation ( #dj feet ! ,memorial ,bridge leads across ! ,potomac directly to ! base ( ! hill cr[n$ by ! mansion h\se ( ,arl+ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,site ,,( ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial1 #aija ,cr[n+ ! rond-po9t1 z ! ,arc de ,triomphe cr[ns ! ,place de l',etoile at ,p>is1 %\ld /& a memorial erect$ to ! memory ( t "o man 9 our hi/ory z a nation :o is wor?y to /& ) ,george ,wa%+ton--,abraham ,l9coln4 ,:atev] may be ! exact =m select$ = ! memorial to ,l9coln1 9 =m x %\ld possess ! quality ( univ]sality1 & also x %\ld h a "* ess5tially di/9ct f t ( any o!r monum5t ei!r n[ exi/+ 9 ! ,di/rict or h]eaft] to be erect$4 ,! type :i* ! commission has 9 m9d is a great portico ( ,doric columns ris+ f an unbrok5 /ylobate4 ,! =ego+ recomm5dations 7 among ! fundam5tals ( ! plan ( #aija4 ,t5 ye>s 7 requir$ to embody !m 9 legislation4 ,to-day ! ,l9coln ,memorial & ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge are complet$ along ! g5]al l9es sugge/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial1 ,,memorial ,,bridge1 ,,& ,,riv]side ,,drive1 ,,plan ,,( #aija ,!re are _m o!r features ( ! ,mc,millan plan t ! report ( #aija describes to :i* att5tion is call$ 9 ! subsequ5t pages ( ?is volume2 ?us !re is ! ,rock ,creek ,p>kway1 ! ,anaco/ia ,p>k developm5t1 ! ,=t ,drive1 ! p>kway along ! ,palisades ( ! ,potomac to ,great ,falls1 & ! ,m\nt ,v]non ,highway4 ,! plans = ^! projects requir$ au?orization by ,congress & "t to make necess>y l& pur*ases2 b at ! pres5t "t !re is indication t !y w be complet$ 9 ! ne> future4 ,! day has come :5 ! ,great] ,wa%+ton1 or ! metropolitan area ( ,wa%+ton1 is be+ br\ght into ! s*eme ( developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,! plan ( #aija reass]t$ ! au?ority ( ! orig9al plan ( ,l',enfant1 ext5d$ to meet ! ne$s ( ! ,nation aft] a c5tury ( gr[? 9 p[]1 weal?1 & dignity1 & also m>k$ ! pa? = future developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,future ,,wa%+ton ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,national ,,commission ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts ,imm$iately aft] aboli%+ ! ,c\ncil ( ,f9e ,arts ,presid5t ,taft und]took to int]e/ ,congress 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a p]man5t ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,a bill 0 accord+ly pres5t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate by ,hon4 ,elihu ,root4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ! bill 0 sponsor$ by ,hon4 ,samuel ,w4 ,mc,call4 ,v>i\s am5dm5ts 7 made to ! measure 9 bo? ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & x 0 f9ally adopt$ by ! act approv$ ,may #ag1 #aiaj1 z foll[s3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ,congress assembl$1 ,t a p]man5t ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts is h]eby creat$ to be compos$ ( sev5 well-qualifi$ judges ( ! f9e arts1 :o %all be appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 & %all s]ve = a p]iod ( f\r ye>s ea*1 & until _! successors are appo9t$ & qualifi$4 ,! ,presid5t %all h au?ority to fill all vacancies4 ,x %all be ! duty ( su* ,commission to advise ^u ! location ( /atues1 f\nta9s1 & monum5ts 9 ! public squ>es1 /reets1 & p>ks 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ^u ! selection ( models = /atues1 f\nta9s1 & monum5ts1 erect$ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ^u ! selection ( arti/s = ! execution ( ! same4 ,x %all be ! duty ( ! (fic]s *>g$ by law to det]m9e su* que/ions 9 ea* case to call = su* advice4 ,! =ego+ provisions ( ?is act %all n apply to ! ,capitol ,build+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! build+ ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,! ,commission %all also advise g5]ally ^u que/ions ( art :5 requir$ to d s by ! ,presid5t1 or by any committee ( ei!r ,h\se ( ,congress4 ,said ,commission %all h a secret>y & su* o!r assi/ance z ! ,commission may au?orize1 & ! memb]s ( ! ,commission %all ea* be paid actual exp5ses 9 go+ to & return+ f ,wa%+ton to att5d ! meet+s ( said ,commission & :ile att5d+ ! same4 ,sec4 #b4 ,t to meet ! exp5ses made necess>y by ?is act an exp5diture ( n exce$+ #aj1jjj a ye> is h]eby au?oriz$4 ,! duties ( ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts h be5 enl>g$ s9ce !n f "t to "t by ,executive ord]s4 ,congress has also /ipulat$ 9 _m rec5t enactm5ts t ! plans = c]ta9 designat$ build+s1 monum5ts1 etc41 mu/ be approv$ by ! ,commission be=e !y c be accept$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! act ( ,may #af1 #aicj1 gives ! ,commission control ov] c]ta9 portions ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 ! matt] ( private build+s1 "u :at is kn[n z ! ,%ip/ead-,luce ,act4 ,reports are publi%$ p]iodically4 ,! duties ( ! ,commission1 !re=e1 n[ embrace n only advis+ ^u ! location ( /atues1 f\nta9s1 & monum5ts 9 ! public squ>es1 /reets1 & p>ks 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 etc41 b 9 fact all que/ions involv+ matt]s ( art ) :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t is conc]n$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,capitol ,,gr\nds ,,& ,,union ,,/ation ,,plaza1 #aiag ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mall1 #aicj ,! ,commission has be5 9 exi/5ce #bi ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t _m great arti/s ( ?is c\ntry h s]v$ z its memb]s4 ,! memb]%ip comprises ?ree ar*itects1 a sculptor1 a pa9t]1 a l&scape ar*itect1 & a lay memb]4 ,congress p]mits ! ,commission to hold meet+s1 includ+ committee meet+s1 bo? 9 & outside ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ?us enabl+ x to give att5tion to works ( art 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! ,gov]nm5t is int]e/$4 ,a meet+ ( ! ,commission is usually held 9 ,wa%+ton ea* mon?1 :]e ! public-build+s program & o!r great projects "u way = ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital are requir+ its p>ticul> att5tion4 ,9 ! "w ( ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts we see ! spl5did results a*iev$ ?r\gh ! collaboration ( ar*itects1 sculptors1 pa9t]s1 & l&scape ar*itects4 ,! ,commission exi/s prim>ily to s]ve ! ,congress & its committees1 ! ,presid5t1 & ! heads ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,dep>tm5ts4 ,!re are exceptional cases :5 ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts is call$ ^u to advise ) ref]5ce to f9e arts projects submitt$ by individuals4 ,! ,commission aims to ma9ta9 /&>ds ( ta/e4 ,! memb]s !mselves are prom95t 9 _! respective pr(essions & are 8well-qualifi$ judges ( ! f9e arts40 ,prior to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts x 0 ! practice ( ,congress :5 legislation 0 enact$ provid+ = a public build+1 a monum5t1 or o!r "w ( art to au?orize ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to advise x conc]n+ ! specific f9e arts project4 ,su* a committee 0 z a rule compos$ ( laym51 unqualifi$ to give advice on matt]s ( art4 ,!reupon money 0 appropriat$ to meet ! exp5ses ( a jury ( aw>d1 9 addition to ^? ( ! committee2 & :5 ! project 0 complet$1 ! committee disb&$1 leav+ ,congress )\t a recogniz$ body to :om matt]s p]ta9+ to ! f9e arts c\ld be ref]r$1 & requir+ a repetition ( ! appo9tm5t ( a new committee = procur+ "s new "w ( art desir$ by ,congress4 ,x 0 j su* a situation z ?is t exi/$ 9 #aiaj :5 ,s5ator ,root 0 a memb] ( ! ,committee on ! ,libr>y4 ,9 a lett] address$ to ! ,*airman ( ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts at ! tw5ty-fif? anniv]s>y ( its e/abli%m5t 9 ,may #aice1 ,s5ator ,root /at$3 ,sometime ab\t ! e>ly spr+ ( #aiaj "s ,s5ator _h introduc$ 9 ! ,s5ate a resolution provid+ = ! pur*ase by ! ,gov]nm5t ( a numb] ( pa9t+s t nobody want$ to buy & "u ! rule t resolution 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,libr>y4 ,! responsibility = protect+ ! ,gov]nm5t aga9/ a wa/e ( money 0 ?us ?r[n ^u ! ,committee4 ,a little discussion develop$ ! fact t all ! memb]s ( ! ,committee _h an uncom=table feel+ t ! pictures 7 probably wor?less & no su* pur*ase ought to be made b t no memb] ( ! ,committee felt any su* confid5ce 9 8 own k & judgm5t ab\t su* ?+s z to feel l mak+ a report to ! ,s5ate bas$ on 8 op9ion1 & ma9ta9+ t op9ion on ! floor4 ,we all felt t ! ,committee ought to h "s way ( gett+ an exp]t op9ion to guide x 9 mak+ its report4 ,9 ! discussion we recall$ ,!odore ,roosevelt's appo9tm5t ( a ,f9e ,arts ,c\ncil1 :i* fell to ! gr\nd because x _h no legal /&+1 & we recall$ also ! advantage receiv$ f ! report ( p>k developm5t ( ! in=mal commission select$ by ! ,mc,millan ,committee1 & we f9ally det]m9$ to ask ,congress to provide = ! appo9tm5t ( a f9e arts commission :i* w\ld meet ! ne$ t our ,committee 0 !n exp]i5c+ & a simil> ne$ :i* 0 liable to occur 9 a multitude ( cases "u :i* ,gov]nm5t (fic]s _h to pass on que/ions ( art )\t be+ really compet5t to p]=m su* a duty4 99 99 99 ,i draft$ a v brief /atute 99 99 99 & a little in=mal explanation ( ! ne$ :i* ! ,committee felt = exp]t assi/ance 9 ! p]=m+ ( its duties c>ri$ ! bill ?r\gh4 ,& s1 )\t creation ( any p[] ( legal compulsion1 !re 0 br\ght to ! s]vice ( ! ,gov]nm5t ! au?ority ( compet5t op9ion ^u que/ions ( art aris+ 9 ! c\rse ( adm9i/ration1 & widespread & habitual def]5ce to su* an op9ion has sav$ ! ,gov]nm5t & ! community f ,god kn[s h[ _m atrocities4 ,f ! "t ( its e/abli%m5t1 ! ,commission has be5 consult$ ab\t e detail ( ! progress ( ! ,plan ( ,wa%+ton1 & also ab\t _m works ( art = :i* ! ,gov]nm5t makes appropriations4 ,?is includes also works ( art :i* our ,gov]nm5t1 z a result ( congressional enactm5t1 pres5ts to ! gov]nm5ts & ! peoples ( o!r c\ntries to express our fri5d%ip & good w1 or erects = ! use ( our diplomatic corps abroad1 or to p]petuate ! memory ( our soldi]s' de$s ( d>+ & c\rage4 ,good examples are ! /atue ( ,leif ,ericsson to ,icel&1 ! /atue ( ,h5ry ,clay to ,v5ezuela1 ! ,am]ican ,embassy ,build+ 9 ,japan1 & ! ,_w ,w> ,memorials 9 ,europe4 ,9 creat+ ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission by act ( ,april #cj1 #aibf1 ,congress provid$ t pur*ases ( l&s made !reund] %all h ! advice ( ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,dur+ ! ye>s all propos$ pur*ases h be5 approv$4 ,! two ,commissions h act$ h>moni\sly 9 ! "w ( develop+ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia accord+ to c>efully devis$ plans = p>ks1 playgr\nds1 & highways4 ,! fir/ project t came be=e ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts1 9 #aiaj1 0 ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,! memorial dur+ a p]iod ( #ab ye>s _h ! cont9ual att5tion ( ?is ,commission1 & s9ce its d$ication on ,may #cj1 #aibb1 x has be5 recogniz$ z "o ( ! great memorials ( ! _w4 ,9 ! pa/ #ae ye>s ! r[ ( beautiful :ite m>ble build+s ne> ! ,l9coln ,memorial h be5 built1 z also ! new ,dep>tm5t build+s on ,con/itution ,av5ue4 ,^! are a "p ( ! great public build+s program t is 9 progress 9 ! ,national ,capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,capital ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,zon+ ,,( ,,! ,,capital ,our fir/ ,presid5t1 by proclamation ( ,octob] #ag1 #agia 7illu/rat$ on page #ba71 e/abli%$ a height re/riction ( #dj feet on build+s 9 ! new ,capital4 ,al?\gh n a regulation by zones1 x might h be5 ! beg9n+ ( a zon+ policy if ! gr[? ( ! ,capital _h be5 =ese54 ,h[ev]1 ! re/riction 0 susp5d$ "u ,presid5t ,monroe 9 #ahbb1 & x 0 n until #aiaj t a compreh5sive height regulation became effective4 ,! act ( #aiaj e/abli%$ height limits1 dep5d+ ^u ! wid? ( adjac5t /reets4 ,! fir/ zon+ ord9ance = an ,am]ican city 0 adopt$ by ,new ,york ,city 9 #aiaf4 ,! ,_w ,w> held ! problem ( zon+ our cities 9 abeyance4 ,wa%+ton 0 zon$ by ! act ( #aibj4 ,s9ce !n fully #a1ejj t[ns & cities ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 rang+ f #e1jjj to #f1jjj1jjj 7,new ,york ,city7 9 population1 h adopt$ zon+ ord9ances4 ,zon+ n only controls ! use & developm5t ( l& b also regulates ! height & bulk ( build+s1 ! op5 spaces :i* mu/ be provid$ = light & v5tilation1 & ! d5sity & di/ribution ( population4 ,x is a legislative function "u ! police p[]4 ,! usual proc$ure 9 e/abli%+ zon+ control 9 our cities has be5 to pass an ord9ance "u ! au?ority ( ! ,/ate ,zon+ ,enabl+ ,act1 divid+ ! city into use1 height1 & area di/ricts1 ?r\gh\t ea* ( :i* ! gov]n+ regulations are ! same4 ,sep>ate di/ricts are provid$ = resid5ce1 bus9ess1 & indu/ry4 ,?us bus9ess & indu/ry are exclud$ f ! resid5ce di/ricts4 ,!re may or may n be sep>ate di/ricts provid$ = light & heavy indu/ry1 or = local bus9ess & g5]al bus9ess4 ,! resid5ce di/rict is usually subdivid$ accord+ to types ( dwell+s into areas = s+le-family dwell+s1 two-family dwell+s1 multiple-family dwell+s1 or ap>tm5t h\ses4 ,multiple-family dwell+s are usually exclud$ f ! s+le-family areas4 ,?is practice has receiv$ ! he>ty approval ( home own]s4 ,undevelop$ l& 9 suburban sections is usually plac$ 9 ! resid5ce di/rict & re/rict$ to s+le-family use4 ,if conditions w>rant1 & !re is no opposition f ! own]s1 x may lat] be rezon$ = m pr(itable multiple-family or bus9ess use4 ,,ar*itectural ,,/&>ds ,,abs5t ,! zon+ ord9ance has n attempt$ to regulate build+s1 except z to height & size1 nor set any /&>d ( ar*itectural fitness to ! surr\nd+s4 ,if x _h attempt$ any su* ?+1 x c\ld nev] h become a law4 ,only 9 rec5t ye>s h citiz5s begun to ?9k t attractiv5ess may add a ca% value to h\ses1 or t insi/5ce on beauty is becom+ 9 a democracy4 ,! ,%ip/ead-,luce ,act1 adopt$ ,may #af1 #aicj1 gives ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts a limit$ control ov] private build+s 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & provides t private build+s fac+ important ,gov]nm5t build+s & p>ks1 9 areas specifi$ 9 ! act1 mu/ h>monize 9 appe>ance ) ! latt]4 ,al?\gh n affect+ ! ,zon+ ,act1 x is1 l ! height law ( #aiaj1 "p ( ! zon+ re/rictions4 ,! provisions ( ! ,zon+ ,act ( #aich d n apply to ,f$]al public build+s4 ,h[ev]1 ! location1 height1 bulk1 numb] ( /ories1 & size ( ,f$]al public build+s & ! provision = op5 space 9 & ar\nd ! same1 w be subject to ! approval ( ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission4 ,approximately "o-half ( ! area ( ! ,capital is "u ,gov]nm5t control & "o-half is op5 to private developm5t4 ,t private developm5t %\ld proce$ 9 h>mony ) ! plans ( ! local & ,f$]al ,gov]nm5ts 0 acceptable z an ideal1 & a det]m9$ ef=t 0 made 9 #aiah to introduce zon+ into ,wa%+ton4 ,9 t ye> & ! ye> foll[+ congressional committees1 ! ,di/rict ,commission]s1 & o!rs =mulat$ plans1 & a zon+ bill became a law effective ,augu/ #cj1 #aibj4 ,aft] a p]iod ( #ah ye>s1 dur+ :i* sev]al important *anges 9 ! law _h sugge/$ !mselves1 ,congress adopt$ a new ,zon+ ,act1 :i* 0 approv$ by ! ,presid5t on ,june #bj1 #aich 7,public1 ,no4 #fhd1 #ge? ,congress74 ,! act provides t ! regulations h]et(ore adopt$ by ! ,zon+ ,commission "u ! au?ority ( ! act ( ,m>* #a1 #aibj1 includ+ (ficial maps1 %all be deem$ to h be5 made & adopt$ & 9 =ce "u ?is pres5t act4 ,! act emp[]s ! ,zon+ ,commission 8to regulate ! location1 height1 bulk1 numb] ( /ories1 & size ( build+s & o!r /ructures1 ! p]c5tage ( lot :i* may be occupi$1 ! sizes ( y>ds1 c\rts1 & o!r op5 spaces1 ! d5sity ( population1 & ! uses ( build+s1 /ructures1 & l& = trade1 indu/ry1 resid5ce1 recreation1 public activities1 or o!r purposes 99 99 9940 ,_m p d n und]/& ! importance & necessity ( a zon+ law 9 a city2 !y ?9k x deprives !m ( private rights4 ,yet )\t a good zon+ law liv+ conditions 9 cities ( ! pres5t day become *aotic4 ,section #b ( ! act ( ,june #bj1 #aich1 sets =? ! purpose ( ! zon+ regulations & also po9ts out ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f zon+1 z foll[s3 ,su* regulations %all be made 9 accordance ) a compreh5sive plan & design$ to less5 conge/ion 9 ! /reet1 to secure safety f fire1 panic1 & o!r dang]s1 to promote heal? & ! g5]al welf>e1 to provide adequate light & air1 to prev5t ! undue conc5tration ( population & ! ov]cr[d+ ( l&1 & to promote su* di/ribution ( population & ( ! uses ( l& z w\ld t5d to create conditions favorable to heal?1 safety1 transportation1 prosp]ity1 protection ( prop]ty1 civic activity1 & recreational1 educational1 & cultural opportunities1 & z w\ld t5d to fur!r economy & effici5cy 9 ! supply ( public s]vices4 ,su* regulations %all be made ) reasonable consid]ation1 among o!r ?+s1 ( ! "* ( ! respective di/ricts & _! suitability = ! uses provid$ 9 ! regulations1 & ) a view to enc\rag+ /ability ( di/ricts & ( l& values !re94 ,! ,zon+ ,commission may f "t to "t am5d ! regulations & ! maps1 b be=e do+ s a public he>+ mu/ be held1 & at lea/ #cj days' notice ( ! "t & place ( ! he>+ mu/ be publi%$ at lea/ once 9 a daily newspap] 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 giv+ full in=mation conc]n+ ! propos$ am5dm5t4 ,a favorable vote ( n less ?an a full majority ( ! memb]s is necess>y = ! adoption ( an am5dm5t4 ,! ,zon+ ,commission consi/s ( five memb]s1 namely1 ! ?ree ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,director ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 & ! ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol4 ,! act ( #aich provides = a ,zon+ ,advisory ,c\ncil1 to :i* sugge/$ am5dm5ts to ! regulations are submitt$ = consid]ation & recomm5dation4 ,! act also provides = a ,bo>d ( ,zon+ ,adju/m5t1 :i* %all h ! p[] to he> & decide appeals :]e x is alleg$ a h>d%ip w be impos$ by c>ry+ out & en=c+ any regulation adopt$ "u ! ,zon+ ,act1 & to he> & decide on compla9ts reg>d+ zon+1 z also reque/s = special exceptions or map int]pretations4 ,9 ex]cis+ its p[]s1 8! ,bo>d ( ,adju/m5ts may1 9 con=mity ) ! provisions ( ?is act1 rev]se or affirm1 :olly or p>tly1 or may modify ! ord]1 requirem5t1 decision1 det]m9ation1 or refusal appeal$ f or may make su* ord] z may be necess>y to c>ry out its decision or au?orization1 & to t end %all h all ! p[]s ( ! (fic] or body f :om ! appeal is tak540 ,! concurr+ vote ( n less ?an a full majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,bo>d is necess>y = any decision or ord]4 ,,height ,,( ,,build+s ,,re/rict$ ,,by ,,! ,,capitol ,,dome ,! preem95ce ( ! ,dome ( ! ,capitol has dom9at$ ! height ( bo? public & private build+s4 ,! #aaj-;foot-height limit is f\nd 9 a small section ( ! c5t] ( ! d[nt[n bus9ess di/rict4 ,on /reets #aaj feet wide 9 ! #aaj-;foot-height di/rict1 #acj feet is all[$ "u set-back provisions1 & ?is maximum height _c be exce$$ by build+s 7except spires1 p5?\ses1 or o!r excresc5ces7 erect$ "u ! zon+ regulations4 ,be=e #aibi b few build+s exce$$ ?is height4 ,! act ( #aiaj limit$ ! height ( build+s to front or abut ,union ,/ation ,plaza to #hj feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,regional ,,plan ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,,& ,,environs ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,national ,,capital ,,p>k ,,& ,,plann+ ,,commission ,a new p]iod 9 ! developm5t ( ! city may be said to date f #aija ) ! fil+ ( ! report ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission1 = s9ce t "t !re has be5 a con/ant increase 9 ! int]e/ tak5 by ! public4 ,! out/&+ dates record+ ! progress ( ?is increas$ int]e/ are #aiaj1 #aiab1 #aibj1 & #aibd4 ,! ,f9e ,arts ,commission 0 e/abli%$ 9 #aiaj4 ,a new beg9n+ ( control ( private prop]ty 0 made 9 #aiaj aft] _m ye>s' lapse ( ! orig9al re/rictions impos$ by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton4 ,?is new beg9n+ consi/$ 9 control ( ! height ( build+s1 ! passage ( a height law1 & 0 foll[$ 9 #aibj by a compreh5sive zon+ law4 ,9 #aibd ! lack ( provision ( public p>ks & ! failure to c>ry out ! proposals ( ! plan ( #aija1 9 s f> z p>k areas 7 conc]n$1 l$ to ! =mation ( ! ,national ,capital ,p>k ,commission1 ) au?ority to pur*ase l&s = p>k purposes4 ,! organization ( ! ,commission 0 ! result ( comb9$ ef=ts ( _m nation-wide organizations4 ,! new ,commission soon f\nd t an intellig5t *oice ( p>k l&s c\ld n be made )\t k ( ! int]relation ( p>ks1 highways1 zon+1 public build+s1 & o!r elem5ts ( city & regional plann+4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,commission 0 !re=e increas$ 9 #aibf1 & its memb]%ip enl>g$4 ,! new ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission 0 *>g$-- ) ! duty ( prep>+1 develop+1 & ma9ta9+ a compreh5sive1 consi/5t1 & coord9at$ plan = ! ,national ,capital & environs 7an area ( "s #a1eci squ>e miles1 ly+ r\ghly )9 #bj miles ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & involv+ ! coop]ation ( #b ,/ates1 #d c\nties1 #b cities1 & num]\s incorporat$ places71 :i* plan %all include recomm5dations to ! prop] executive au?orities z to traffic & transportation2 plats & subdivisions2 highways1 p>ks1 & p>kways2 s*ool & libr>y sites2 playgr\nds1 dra9age1 sew]age1 & wat] supply2 h\s+1 build+1 & zon+ regulations2 public & private build+s2 bridges & wat] fronts2 comm]ce & indu/ry2 & o!r prop] elem5ts ( city & regional plann+4 ,! l>ge/ s+le factor 9 det]m9+ ! ext5t & "* ( ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital w be ! ext5t1 "*1 & wisdom ( ! p]man5t inve/m5ts by ! public 9 public areas & improvem5ts4 ,?is ,commission has1 !re=e1 consid]$ z ( prim>y importance ! prop] location & ext5t ( public l&s1 :e!r us$ = /reets1 p>ks1 public build+s1 or o!r public s]vices2 & ! timely acquisition & developm5t ( ^! areas = _! p>ticul> purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,look+ ,,s\? ,s9ce ! areas ne$$ = public use c n be *os5 )\t reg>d to ! use & ext5t ( private developm5ts1 x foll[s t "s control ov] ! use ( private prop]ty--z by zon+--is an ess5tial "p ( city or regional plann+4 ,:5 city plann+ is m5tion$ mo/ p ?9k fir/ ( /reets4 ,9 ?is field ! commission has be5 active 9 ?ree ways--fir/1 9 an ef=t to make ! /reets fit ! l& & to foll[ along ! hills & valleys in/ead ( across !m2 second1 9 e/abli%+ a major ?or\ghf>e sy/em guid+ ! developm5t ( ! ma9 highways )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ext5d+ ! pr9ciples ( ! orig9al ,l',enfant plan to ! limits ( ! ,di/rict2 & ?ird1 9 secur+ public support ( a regional highway sy/em :i* w provide m adequately = traffic bo? into ! city & betwe5 suburban areas4 ,) ! fir/ ( ^! aims 9 view _m *anges 9 ! highway plan ( ! ,di/rict h be5 made 9 coop]ation ) ! ,di/rict (ficials4 ,^! *anges 7 advantage\s to pres]ve natural topography1 to fit ! /reets to prop]ty l9es1 to save trees1 to provide dra9age1 or = l reasons4 ,sev]al important /reet op5+s & wid5+s h be5 und]tak5 9 accordance ) ! commission's major ?or\ghf>e plan1 su* z ,new ,york ,av5ue beyond ! limits ( ! ,l',enfant plan1 ! op5+ ( a new ,l\isiana ,av5ue f ! ,union ,/ation to ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue at ,union ,squ>e1 /raight5+ ( ,mi*igan ,av5ue1 & ext5sion ( ,sixte5? ,/reet to ! ,di/rict l9e4 ,! plan :i* foll[s ! recomm5dations ( ! commission has be5 recogniz$ by ! ,di/rict (ficials 9 ! adoption ( a #e-ye> highway program4 ,sev]al new regional highway projects are n[ complete or go+ =w>d 9 accordance ) ! regional plan4 ,! ,m\nt ,v]non ,memorial ,highway & ! ,lee ,b\lev>d e/abli% new /&>ds 9 highway design4 ,! ext5sion ( ,rhode ,isl& & ,massa*usetts ,av5ues fits ! plan4 ,! ,m>yl&-,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission has adopt$ practically all ( ! sugge/ions made by ! ,commission = ! ,m>yl& area z "p ( ! ,m>yl& ma/] plan4 ,:]e p>ks are conc]n$ ! ,commission has a special responsibility4 ,! plans = p>ks bo? 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & out ( x h receiv$ ! indorsem5t ( ,congress 9 ! ,capp]-,cramton ,act4 ,= ! ,di/rict ! ,commission is n[ acquir+ p>ks ( ?ree types3 7#a7 ,a p>kway 7! ,=t ,drive7 ar\nd ! city1 #bh miles long & connect+ ! sites ( ! ,civil ,w> =ts on ! second r[ ( hills2 7#b7 a sy/em ( recreation c5t]s & playgr\nds di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! area 9 association ) ! s*ools & s f> z possible provid+ a play area )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( e *ild2 7#c7 pres]vation ( /ream valleys & correction ( ! b\nd>ies ( ,rock ,creek ,p>k4 ,! pr9cipal physical feature ( ! region is ! ,potomac ,riv]1 s x is natural t ! correspond+ feature ( ! p>k sy/em is along ! riv] banks4 ,bel[ ,wa%+ton1 :]e ! broad lakelike sc5]y exi/s1 p>kways are "u con/ruction or contemplat$ on ! ,virg9ia side to ,m\nt ,v]non & on ! ,m>yl& %ore to ,=t ,wa%+ton4 ,above ,wa%+ton a p>k is project$ to pres]ve ! natural sc5]y ( ! ,palisades1 rapids1 woodl&s1 & ,great ,falls ( ! ,potomac1 toge!r ) ! ,pat[mack ,canal1 built by ,george ,wa%+ton1 & ! ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal on ! ,m>yl& side ( ! riv]4 ,! ,commission has tak5 an active "p 9 ! ef=t to h ! public build+s ( ,wa%+ton gr\p$ & arrang$ n only = ! conv5i5ce & beauty ( ! result b also t !y may fit into ! future plans = /reets1 highways1 & p>ks1 & ?us promote ! ord]ly developm5t ( ! city & region4 ,:5 ! fir/ important /ep 9 ! public-build+s program 0 tak5 9 #aibf ! ,commission urg$ ! pur*ase ( all ( ! l& necess>y = a plan ( ! gr\p z a :ole in/ead ( und]tak+ individual build+ projects z sep>ate units 9 ! s*eme4 ,! problems ( p>k+ & transit facilities 9 relation to ! public-build+s gr\ps h caus$ ! ,commission great conc]n1 & ef=ts h be5 made to secure ! coop]ation ( ! ar*itects 9 *>ge ( ! build+ program 9 ord] to solve ^! problems4 ,9 all ( its activities conc]n+ ! public-build+s program ! ,commission has be5 guid$ by ! pr9ciples ann\nc$ by ! plan ( #aija1 "u :i* ,f$]al build+s w be conc5trat$ along ! axis ( ! ,mall & ab\t ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,! ,commission has giv5 favorable consid]ation to an enl>gem5t ( ?is program by :i* semipublic build+s & possibly ,/ate build+s might be locat$ along ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet 9 ord] to help ! balance betwe5 ! nor?we/ & ! ea/]n portions ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,9 ! same way ! ,commission advises ! appropriate au?orities on matt]s ( zon+ & control ( use ( private prop]ty4 ,zon+ has n[ be5 adopt$ n only 9 ! ,di/rict b also 9 ! ,m>yl& suburban area & 9 ,arl+ton ,c\nty & ,fairfax ,c\nty1 ,va4 ,also ,alex&ria has prep>$ a zon+ plan4 ,x is hop$ t 9 ! n di/ant future o!r portions ( ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia areas may be add$ to ?is li/4 ,9 matt]s relat+ to zon+ 9 ! ,di/rict1 ! ,commission has contribut$ /ati/ical data & exp]t op9ion1 & 0 p>ticul>ly active 9 ! segregation ( s+le-family h\ses f #b-;family & community gr\ps4 ,9 brief1 x is ! function ( ! ,commission to revive1 review1 & revise ! ef=ts ( pa/ g5]ations t[>d a 8great & effective city = ! seat ( our ,gov]nm5t0 & to keep t ideal con/antly be=e ! public1 to ! end t ea* sep>ate und]tak+ by ! c\ntless public & private ag5cies conc]n$ may be coord9at$ & relat$ to produce a result 9 :i* future g5]ations may take pride4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=t ,,drive ,,connect+ ,,! ,,civil ,,w> ,,=ts ,,encircl+ ,,wa%+ton ,,ea/ ,,capitol ,,/reet--,,ext5d+ ,,! ,,mall ,,axis ,,ea/w>d ,"s "o has said 8! beauty ( ,wa%+ton is its trees40 ,no "o :o has se5 ! ?\s&s ( trees 9 ,wa%+ton & 9 ! c\ntry adjac5t to ! city c d5y ?is4 ,!re is no national capital 9 ! _w t has m beautiful trees ?an ,wa%+ton4 ,^? se5 on ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet are typical ( ! l>ge massive trees ?r\gh\t ! city4 ,?\s&s ( !m 7 plant$ dur+ ! ,presid5cy ( ,g5]al ,grant1 & x has be5 ! policy ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia gov]nm5t to plant trees along /reets op5$ = resid5tial sections4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/ ,,capitol ,,/reet ,! climate ( ,wa%+ton1 :i* is semitropical1 p]mits ! gr[? ( trees f\nd bo? 9 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,?us !re are oak1 walnut1 maple1 & c$> trees amid/ magnolias1 ,japanese *]ry trees1 & ! m\nta9 laurel1 to m5tion only a few4 ,congress has au?oriz$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a national arboretum 9 ! ,national ,capital1 :i* w comprise at lea/ #ejj acres & w be a mo/ int]e/+ place = ! plant+ ( _m v>ieties ( trees & ! /udy ( !m4 ,a plan to wid5 ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet & build a /adium on ! axis ( ! /reet 9 ,anaco/ia ,p>k is be+ made by ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission4 ,,! ,,=t ,,drive ,! citiz5s' movem5t to connect by a b\lev>d a consid]able "p ( ! ,civil ,w> def5ses ( ,wa%+ton 0 incorporat$ 9 ! plan ( #aija4 ,^! old def5ses1 occupy+ /rategic positions1 are capable ( be+ conv]t$ into small p>ks ( high excell5ce & availability1 & a connect+ b\lev>d w h an add$ hi/oric int]e/4 ,( ^! s-call$ =ts a numb] are already 9 possession ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,among ^? t h be5 pur*as$ is ,=t ,/ev5s1 ne> ! ,army ,m$ical ,c5t]1 :]e dur+ ,g5]al ,e>ly's raid1 on ,july #ab1 #ahfd1 ,presid5t ,l9coln 0 "u fire until ord]$ to ! re> by ! (fic] 9 comm&4 ,! ,=t ,drive is be+ develop$ by ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission4 ,!re w be a cont9u\s p>kway ( suitable wid? connect+ ! sites ( ! foll[+ old =ts3 ,=t ,greble1 ,=t ,c>roll1 ,batt]y ,ricketts1 ,=t ,/anton1 ,=t ,wagn]1 ,=t ,bak]1 ,=t ,davis 7,unit$ ,/ates own$71 ,=t ,dupont 7,unit$ ,/ates own$71 ,=t ,%apl91 ,a ,batt]y1 ,=t ,mahan1 ,=t ,bunk] ,hill1 ,=t ,tott51 ,=t ,slocum1 ,=t ,/ev5s 7,unit$ ,/ates own$71 ,=t ,de ,russye1 ,=t ,bay>d1 ,batt]y ,kemble1 ,batt]y ,v]mont 7,unit$ ,/ates own$71 & ,batt]y ,p>rott4 ,!re is ano!r ,civil ,w> =tification 9 ! ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y1 call$ ,=t ,mc,pherson1 :i* is be+ pres]v$ = its hi/oric "*4 ,f x a comm&+ view ( ! cemet]y & ( ! riv] is obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,= ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,! ,,wat] ,,front ,,wa%+ton ,,*annel ,,& ,,! ,,wat] ,,front ,! wat] front ( ,wa%+ton is to be simil> to ! magnific5t wat] fronts ( l>ge cities ( ,europe4 ,! plan provides = a quay1 ) space = comm]cial pi]s1 w>eh\ses1 /eamboat (fices1 comm]cial h\ses1 boa?\ses1 & recreational pi]s4 ,!re w be a beautiful b\lev>d drive along 8,wat] ,/reet0 :i* w connect ) ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 also adequate /reet-railway accommodations4 ,wa%+ton has #ah miles ( wat] front1 & ?is w be a mo/ int]e/+ "p ( x4 ,x is propos$ to replace all exi/+ /ructures on ! wat] front at 8,wat] ,/reet10 ) ! exception ( ! ,municipal ,fi% ,:>f1 ) mod]n build+s4 ,head h\ses & transit %$s are to be ( brick & tile1 ) slate ro(s & ( a modifi$ colonial ar*itecture4 ,a total ( six :>ves is project$ = imm$iate con/ruction & a portion ( ! frontage available is to be res]v$ = future additions4 ,ya*t bas9s & small-boat an*orage are includ$ 9 ! plan4 ,! plan has be5 prep>$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,eng9e] ,(fice1 ) ! idea t ,wa%+ton is n prim>ily an indu/rial city1 nor w x ev] be1 s t railroad connections ) ! pi]s & slips 7 omitt$4 ,su* indu/rial developm5ts z might require %ip-to-rail transf]s c be accommodat$ 9 o!r locations4 ,buzz>ds ,po9t is to be develop$ = m>itime comm]cial uses4 ,"u ! improvem5t program 8,wat] ,/reet0 is to be made a #afj-;foot b\lev>d1 ) sep>ate lanes = traffic1 /reet c>s1 & trucks1 & m>g9al & c5tral l&scap+4 ,! old #d-l9e /reet-c> lanes on a portion ( ! /reet h be5 remov$4 ,to p]mit ( direct connection ) ,ea/ ,potomac ,p>k & ! ,highway ,bridge1 a bridge is to be built j bel[ ! railroad cross+ at ! head ( ! ,wa%+ton ,*annel4 ,wat] ,/reet is n[ ,ma9e ,av5ue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,,memorial ,,p>kway ,! co/ ( ! entire project is e/imat$ at #c1fia1fjj4 ,! report 0 submitt$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,w> to ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives on ,novemb] #bf1 #aibi1 & !n 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,riv]s & ,h>bors4 ,! project is n[ "u developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fi% ,,m>ket ,,along ,,! ,,wat] ,,front ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,,memorial ,,p>kway ,! ,george ,wa%+ton ,memorial ,p>kway1 design$ by ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission1 0 au?oriz$ by ! ,capp]-,cramton ,act1 approv$ ,may #bi1 #aicj1 & c>ry+ ) x an au?orization ( #cc1ejj1jjj = ! developm5t ( a compreh5sive p>k1 p>kway1 & playgr\nd area 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ! surr\nd+ regions ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,?is p>kway is design$ 8to include ! public control ( bo? banks ( ! riv] betwe5 ,m\nt ,v]non & ,great ,falls on ! ,virg9ia side & betwe5 ,=t ,wa%+ton & ,great ,falls on ! ,m>yl& side1 ) ! exception ( areas at ,alex&ria & 9 ,wa%+ton :i* are res]v$ = comm]cial developm5t40 ,?is is a project 9 :i* bo? resid5ts ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ( ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia may take equal pride--namely1 to pres]ve ,great ,falls & ! banks ( ! ,potomac1 s t ! ,potomac ,riv]1 z x fl[s ?r\gh ! ,national ,capital1 may fl[ ?r\gh a cont9u\s p>k f ,great ,falls to ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,wa%+ton is to be envi$ 9 hav+ s ne> to x su* beautiful sc5]y z ! ,palisades ( ! ,potomac & ,great ,falls1 :i* are said to be 8! f9e/ specim5s ( nature 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry40 ,already1 along ! ,palisades ( ! ,potomac1 qu>ries h be5 e/abli%$ & beautiful timb] is be+ conv]t$ into lumb] & firewood4 ,^! invasions w 9 "t de/roy natural beauties t c n be re/or$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,falls ,,( ,,! ,,potomac ,,! ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,highway ,,r\te ,,! ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,highway ,,trav]ses ,,hi/oric ,,t]ritory ,! r\te trav]ses a t]ritory full ( hi/oric associations & rem9isc5t ( ! days ( ,wa%+ton4 ,ab\t halfway betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,alex&ria x passes close to ! site ( ,ab+don1 ! home ( ,john ,p>ke ,cu/is1 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton's son4 ,"h ,nellie ,cu/is1 ,wa%+ton's adopt$ daught]1 0 born4 ,a beautiful view ( ! riv] & a panorama ( ,wa%+ton & ! nor? %ore is se5 f ?is po9t4 ,also "h ! ,potomac is be+ dr$g$1 mak+ new l& = ,wa%+ton ,national ,airport1 to be ! f9e/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"w w be complet$ 9 #aida4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,memorial ,,highway1 ,,nor? ,,( ,,little ,,hunt+ ,,creek ,pass+ on to ,alex&ria ! r\te ent]s ! city by ,wa%+ton ,/reet & passes directly by ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 :]e ! ,wa%+ton pew may /ill be se54 ,alex&ria 0 ,wa%+ton's own t[n4 ,x 0 8 m>ket place1 8 po/ (fice1 & 8 vot+ place4 ,x 0 ! meet+ place ( ! lodge ( ,masons to :i* he belong$1 & ! lodge hall is n[ ! repository ( a great _m articles & pa9t+s associat$ ) him4 ,! tr[el1 squ>e1 & plumb bob us$ 9 lay+ ! corn] /one ( ! ,capitol may be se5 "h1 z also ! ,bible us$ 9 ! ,masonic lodge ( :i* ,wa%+ton 0 a memb]4 ,among _m o!r ?+s ( hi/orical int]e/ is a portrait ( ,george ,wa%+ton pa9t$ by ,w4 ,williams = ! lodge4 ,!re is sc>cely a foot ( gr\nd 9 ,alex&ria t ,wa%+ton did n tread4 ,! old qu>t]s ( ! volunte] fire company to :i* he belong$ /ill /&4 ,9 ,gadsby's ,inn1 n[ ! ,city ,hotel1 he recruit$ ! fir/ company ( prov9cial troops au?oriz$ by ,gov]nor ,d9widdie1 & ) :i* he f\ght ! ,battle ( ,great ,mead[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,memorial ,,highway ,9 ! ballroom ( ,gadsby's ,inn 9 #agih 0 held ! fir/ celebration ( ,wa%+ton's bir?day4 ,f ! /eps ( ! same build+ he gave 8 la/ milit>y comm& to ! ,alex&ria ,light ,infantry ,blues2 & "h1 also1 9 ,novemb]1 #agii1 less ?an #cj days be=e 8 dea?1 he ca/ 8 la/ vote4 ,at ! ,c>lyle ,h\se1 /ill /&+1 he receiv$ 8 appo9tm5t z an (fic] 9 ! ,briti% ,army on ,g5]al ,braddock's /aff2 & 9 ?is h\se also1 at ! ,conv5tion ( ! ,five ,gov]nors assembl$ to conf] ) ,g5]al ,braddock1 ! fir/ sugge/ion ( colonial taxation 0 made--a /ep :i* ultimately l$ to ! revolt ( ! ,colonies4 ,a %ort side trip f ,wa%+ton ,/reet d[n ,k+ ,/reet takes ! travel] to ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,national ,masonic ,memorial1 :i* has be5 erect$ at ! we/]n outskirts ( ! t[n on ,%oot]s ,hill4 ,x is #ccc feet high1 & 0 design$ by ,h>vey ,w4 ,corbett1 ar*itect4 ,return+ to ,wa%+ton ,/reet & proce$+ s\?w>d ! travel] passes ! ,conf$]ate ,monum5t1 & soon rea*es ! s\!rn limits ( ! t[n & pass+ )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ! fir/ corn] /one ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 /ill /&+ on ,jones ,po9t4 ,leav+ ,alex&ria ! r\te crosses ,hunt+ ,creek to ,=t ,hunt1 !nce to ! entrance gates ( ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,,features ,,( ,,! ,,highway ,,describ$ ,! mak+ ( surveys1 prep>ation ( plans1 & sup]vision ( con/ruction h all be5 done by ! ,bureau ( ,public ,roads ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & ,gilmore ,d4 ,cl>ke1 ,consult+ ,l&scape ,ar*itect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,memorial ,,highway--,,bridge ,,ov] ,,b\nd>y ,,*annel ,! location select$ = ! highway requir$ ! con/ruction ( fills across approximately #b miles ( op5 wat]1 :i* 0 accompli%$ by pump+ gravel & s& f ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,! highway ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?1 ) ! exception ( ! section ?r\gh ,alex&ria1 has be5 design$ to provide = a free fl[ ( traffic ov] a surface ) a m9imum wid? ( #dj feet1 & :]e !re is any volume ( cross traffic x passes ei!r "u or ov] ! highway4 ,except ?r\gh ! city ( ,alex&ria1 ! highway foll[s closely ! %ore ( ! ,potomac ,riv] = ! great] portion ( ! di/ance4 ,?is situation af=ds beautiful vi/as ( ,wa%+ton & ! ,potomac ,riv]1 :i*1 9 comb9ation ) ! l&scap+ & developm5t ( ! project itself1 make ?is highway a fitt+ tribute to ! memory ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ri/ ,,*ur*1 ,,alex&ria1 ,,va4 ,bel[ ,alex&ria ! highway has be5 wid5$ at po9ts ( out/&+ beauty1 s t motori/s c /op = a few m9utes to enjoy ! view4 ,! bridges 9 g5]al are ( re9=c$-concrete ar*es1 fac$ ) native /one laid 9 r&om bond4 ,special att5tion has be5 giv5 to h>moniz+ _! l9es ) ! g5]al plan ( developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,memorial ,,highway--,,und]pass ,,at ,,highway ,,bridge ,! int]section ( ! memorial highway ) ,u4 ,s4 ,highway ,no4 #a ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! project has be5 s design$ t a l>ge volume ( traffic c fl[ f "o highway to ! o!r )\t cross+ ! c5t] l9e ( ei!r r\te4 ,a l>ge p>k+ area at ,m\nt ,v]non t w accommodate ! ?\s&s ( visitors to ?is national %r9e has be5 provid$1 & a concession build+ ( colonial design has be5 erect$ to provide = _! com=t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,memorial ,,highway--,,bridge ,,ov] ,,hunt+ ,,creek ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,m\nt ,v]non1 ! home ( ,george ,wa%+ton ! great] "p ( 8 life1 is situat$ along ! hi/oric ,potomac1 #ad4g miles s\? ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 :i* he 0 in/rum5tal 9 f\nd+1 ?\gh ref]r+ to x z ! ,f$]al ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,,f ,,! ,,h\don ,,bu/1 ,,model$ ,,f ,,life ,,at ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,9 #aghe ,! hi/ory ( ,m\nt ,v]non goes back to ! "t ( ,capt4 ,john ,smi?1 :o explor$ ! regions ( ! ,potomac ,riv] 9 #afjh4 ,"s #dj ye>s lat] ,scot* & ,iri% emigrants settl$ along ! banks ( ! ,potomac1 bo? on ! ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& sides4 ,9 #afgd a tract ( #e1jjj acres1 #ae miles s\? ( ,wa%+ton on ! ,virg9ia side ( ! riv]1 0 grant$ by ,"l ,culpep] to ,john ,wa%+ton & ,ni*olas ,sp5c]4 ,half ( ?is tract 0 inh]it$ by ! half-bro!r ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,lawr5ce ,wa%+ton4 ,m\nt ,v]non 0 built 9 #agdc by ,lawr5ce ,wa%+ton1 :o nam$ x aft] ,admiral ,v]non1 "u :om he s]v$4 ,x occupies a mo/ picturesque spot on high gr\nd ov]look+ ! riv]1 :i* x faces4 ,! mansion is well built4 ,its f\ndations are ( /one & brick4 ,! framework is ( oak & ! %ea?+ ( p9e wood4 ,also mu* copp] 0 us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,on ! ma9 floor is a c5tral hall1 a music room1 a family d9+ room1 a sitt+ room1 & p>lor2 also a libr>y & a banquet room1 :i* 7 add$ by ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,on ! second floor is ! room 9 :i* ,wa%+ton di$2 also1 among sev]al o!rs1 ! ,lafayette room4 ,!re are six b$rooms on ! ?ird floor4 ,! h\se is #if feet long & #cj feet wide1 ) a portico #be feet high2 ! height ( ! build+ to ! cupola is ab\t #ej feet4 ,beautiful g>d5s are ne> by4 ,9 #ageb ,lawr5ce ,wa%+ton di$4 ,augu/9e ,wa%+ton _h provid$ t 9 ! case ( ,lawr5ce's dea? )\t heirs ,m\nt ,v]non %\ld pass to ,george1 & ?is provision ,lawr5ce incorporat$ 9 8 own w4 ,to 8 wid[ he left a life int]e/ 9 ! prop]ty1 ) a rev]sion to 8 infant daught]1 ,s>ah1 :o1 z x happ5$1 surviv$ h] fa!r only a few weeks4 ,?us !re 0 only ! wid['s life int]e/ to be consid]$4 ,anne ,fairfax ,wa%+ton liv$ until #agfa1 & at h] dea? ,george ,wa%+ton became ! proprietor ( ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,! mansion 0 !n enl>g$ = its new mi/ress1 ,m>?a ,d&ridge ,cu/is1 :om he _h m>ri$ 9 #agei4 ,dur+ ,wa%+ton's ye>s ( public life he long$ = ! day :5 he c\ld be at home at ,m\nt ,v]non ) 8 belov$ ,m>?a & ! family4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly "o ( ! v be/-manag$ e/ates 9 ! ,colonies1 & ,wa%+ton himself 0 reg>d$ "o ( ! ri*e/ m54 ,! ma9 entrance to ,m\nt ,v]non 0 f ! we/1 :i* gateway 0 flank$ by two port]s' lodges4 ,! l>ge portico on ! ea/ side ( ! mansion 0 us$ = outdoor ga!r+s & ent]ta9m5t ( visitors4 ,among ! _m gue/s ent]ta9$ at ,m\nt ,v]non 0 ! di/+ui%$ "y ,fr5* patriot1 ,g5]al ,lafayette4 ,on ! ma9 floor 9 a glass case hangs a key to ! ,ba/ille1 s5t by ,lafayette to ,wa%+ton 9 #agij1 ) ! message3 8,t ! pr9ciples ( ,am]ica op5$ ! ,ba/ille is n to be d\bt$1 !re=e ! key comes to ! "r place40 ,wa%+ton 0 call$ f ,m\nt ,v]non to s]ve 8 c\ntry on ?ree mo/ notewor?y occasions1 & ea* "t aft] an int]val ( sev]al ye>s3 ,9 #agge1 :5 he 0 made ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,cont95tal ,army2 9 #aghg1 :5 he became presid5t ( ! conv5tion 9 ,philadelphia t fram$ ! ,f$]al ,con/itution2 & 9 #aghi1 :5 he became fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,army ,air ,corps4 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,wa%+ton di$ at ,m\nt ,v]non on ,decemb] #ad1 #agii4 ,m>?a ,wa%+ton liv$ !re dur+ ! rema9d] ( h] lifetime4 ,on h] dea? 9 #ahjb ! prop]ty 0 inh]it$ by h] nephew1 ,bu%rod ,wa%+ton1 an ,associate ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,!reaft] ! e/ate suff]$ = ne$ ( repairs4 ,9 #aheh ! ,m\nt ,v]non ,ladies' ,association ( ! ,union 0 organiz$4 ,! association pur*as$ ! prop]ty = #bjj1jjj & to-day own & control ,m\nt ,v]non1 includ+ ab\t #djj acres ( ! old e/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,m\nt ,v]non ea* day is ! place ( pilgrimage ( hundr$s ( ,am]ican & =eign visitors1 :o g !re by motor or /eamboat to visit ! mansion & see ! _m hi/orical articles ( int]e/ t once belong$ to ,george ,wa%+ton & 8 family & are n[ !re on exhibition1 b m p>ticul>ly d !y g to ,m\nt ,v]non to pay homage at ! ,wa%+ton tomb1 :i* is ne> ! mansion4 ,"h also ,lafayette came on 8 second visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ #ahbd-be1 aft] an int]val ( almo/ #dj ye>s4 ,! numb] ( visitors at ,m\nt ,v]non = ! ye> end$ ,decemb] #ca1 #aich1 0 #fcc1ead4 ,,wakefield1 ,,! ,,bir?place ,,( ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,aft] m ?an a c5tury & a half ( neglect1 a gr\p ( patriotic p]sons h )9 rec5t ye>s tak5 /eps to re/ore ,wakefield1 ! bir?place ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 situat$ ab\t #ej miles s\? ( ,m\nt ,v]non1 along ! ,potomac1 amid/ beautiful l&scapes betwe5 ,popes ,creek & ,bridges ,creek4 ,! ,gov]nm5t erect$ a monum5t at ! site 9 #ahie to m>k ! bir?place & provid$ a wat*man to c>e = ! gr\nds4 ,until )9 ! pa/ few ye>s ! little ,gov]nm5t res]vation ( #aa acres1 acquir$ 9 #ahhb1 0 inaccessible because ! ,gov]nm5t dock 0 wa%$ away & ! road lead+ into ,wakefield f ! ma9 highway 0 almo/ impassable4 ,! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia rec5tly complet$ a s& & gravel road to ! place4 ,! new road1 ab\t #b miles 9 l5g?1 int]sects ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,highway f ,fr$]icksburg1 betwe5 ,oak ,grove & ,potomac ,mills4 ,! ,wakefield ,national ,memorial ,association 7,inc47 has be5 organiz$ to pur*ase ! l&s at ,wakefield & ?us save !m f ?reat5$ encroa*m5ts ( hunt+ & fi%+ clubs1 :i* are n[ secur+ valuable sites along ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,?us ! association is do+ = ,wakefield :at ! ,m\nt ,v]non ,ladies' ,association ( ! ,union accompli%$ = ! pres]vation ( ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wakefield1 ,,at ,,popes ,,creek1 ,,we/morel& ,,c\nty1 ,,va4 ,congress e>ly 9 #aicj appropriat$ #ej1jjj t[>d erect+ a colonial h\se1 typical ( ! ,virg9ia h\ses at ! "t ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,bricks = ! h\se 7 made f ! clay at ,wakefield4 ,! con/ruction "w 0 c>ri$ out "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 :i* has jurisdiction ov] ! ma9t5ance ( ,wakefield s9ce ! project ( re/oration 0 complet$4 ,john ,d4 ,rockefell]1 jr41 gave #aae1jjj = ! pur*ase ( #bfg acres1 & ! association pur*as$ approximately #ajj additional acres4 ,! association rais$ ab\t #bjj1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,wa%+ton ,,& ,,wakefield ,illu/ration3 ,,wakefield--,,wa%+ton ,,family ,,bury+ ,,gr\nd ,! money1 aside f ! am\nts sp5t to buy l&1 0 exp5d$ 9 erect+ a h\se t is z ne>ly a replica ( ! orig9al bir? h\se z c\ld be plann$ on ! basis ( available data1 9 re/or+ ! g>d5s1 & 9 protect+ ! anci5t gravey>d :]e lie ! rema9s ( #ca memb]s ( ! ,wa%+ton family1 includ+ 8 great-gr&fa!r1 gr&fa!r1 fa!r1 & bro!r1 & to build a re/h\se at ! site4 ,! orig9al h\se 0 built betwe5 #agag & #agbj1 & 0 burn$ ,*ri/mas1 #aghj4 ,f pieces ( *9a f\nd 9 ! ru9s ! celebrat$ ,l5ox *9a1 %[+ ! ,wa%+ton coat ( arms1 has be5 reproduc$ & made available to ! public by ! ,wakefield ,national ,memorial ,association4 ,9 ! "w ( re/oration ! association 0 l$ by its presid5t1 ! late ,mrs4 ,h>ry ,lee ,ru/1 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 :o 0 a native ( ,we/morel& ,c\nty1 ,va41 & sp5t h] *ildhood days 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,wa%+ton e/ate4 ,%e 0 a mo/ indefatigable work] t[>d ! realization ( ?is project4 ,wakefield 0 d$icat$ on ,febru>y #aa1 #aicb1 ! bir?day ( ,george ,wa%+ton 7old /yle71 :i* mon? m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,george ,wa%+ton bic5t5nial celebration4 ,wakefield is kn[n to-day z ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,bir?place ,national ,monum5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,,& ,,approa*es ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,,! ,,arl+ton ,,memorial ,,bridge ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,at ! we/ end ( ! ,mall is ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,! site 0 fix$ by ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission 9 #aija1 :i* ext5d$ ! ,mall area ( ! orig9al ,l',enfant plan we/ ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile to ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,! site & surr\nd+ area is kn[n z ,potomac ,p>k4 ,! reclaim$ l&1 ab\t #fdj acres1 comprises ,we/ ,potomac ,p>k & ,ea/ ,potomac ,p>k 7! isl& p>k74 ,congress provid$ = ! con/ruction ( ! memorial to ,abraham ,l9coln by an act approv$ ,febru>y #i1 #aiaa1 foll[+ ! c5t5nial ye> ( ! bir? ( ,l9coln4 ,! corn] /one 0 laid ,febru>y #ab1 #aiae4 ,! memorial is built ( ,colorado m>ble & co/ #b1idj1jjj4 ,x 0 d$icat$ ,may #cj1 #aibb4 ,l9coln di$ 9 #ahfe1 s t x 0 #eg ye>s lat] t ?is memorial to him 9 ! ,national ,capital 0 built4 ,h5ry ,bacon1 :o di$ ,febru>y #af1 #aibd1 0 ! ar*itect4 ,v ne>ly #cjj1jjj p]sons visit$ ! ,l9coln ,memorial 9 ! ye> #aibc1 & m ?an #a1jjj1jjj 9 #aicj4 ,at pres5t ! daily av]age ( visitors is #c1jjj4 ,x is a %r9e 9 :i* ^? :o love ,god & c\ntry c f9d inspiration & repose4 ,! foll[+ is "p ( a te*nical description by ! ar*itect3 ,f ! beg9n+ ( my /udy ,i believ$ t ?is memorial to ,abraham ,l9coln %\ld be compos$ ( f\r features--a /atue ( ! man1 a memorial ( 8 ,gettysburg spee*1 a memorial ( 8 second inaugural address1 & a symbol ( ! ,union ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* he /at$ x 0 8 p>am\nt object to save--& :i* he did save4 ,ea* feature %\ld be relat$ to ! o!r by means ( its design & position1 & ea* %\ld be s arrang$ t x becomes an integral "p ( ! :ole1 9 ord] to atta9 a unity & simplicity 9 ! appe>ance ( ! monum5t4 ,surr\nd+ ! walls inclos+ ^! memorials ( ! man is plann$ a colonnade =m+ a symbol ( ! ,union1 ea* column repres5t+ a ,/ate--#cf 9 all--= ea* ,/ate exi/+ at ! "t ( ,l9coln's dea?1 & on ! walls appe>+ above ! colonnade1 & support$ at int]vals by eagles1 are #dh memorial fe/oons1 "o = ea* ,/ate exi/+ at ! pres5t "t4 ,! colonnade is #ahh feet long & #aah feet wide1 ! columns be+ #dd feet high & #g feet #h in*es 9 diamet] at _! base4 ,! outside ( ! ,memorial ,hall is #hd feet wide & #aef feet long2 ! total height ( ! /ructure above ! f9i%$ grade at ! base ( ! t]race is #ii feet4 ,! /eps are #acb feet wide1 lead+ to ! entrance1 :i* is flank$ by tripods1 ea* #aa feet high4 ,! c5tral hall1 :]e ! /atue /&s1 is #fj feet wide1 #gj feet long1 & #fj feet high4 ,! int]ior columns are ( ! ,ionic ord] & are #ej feet high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,abraham ,,l9coln ,,z ,,se5 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,columns ,,! ,,/atue ,,( ,,abraham ,,l9coln ,! /atue ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 9 ! c5t] ( ! ,l9coln ,memorial1 is by ,daniel ,*e/] ,fr5*4 ,x repres5ts ,abraham ,l9coln z ! great w> ,presid5t1 ) m5tal & physical /r5g? & confid5ce 9 8 ability to br+ ! ,nation safely ?r\gh ! great conflict4 ,presid5t ,l9coln is seat$ 9 a great arm*air #ab feet high1 ov] ! back ( :i* a flag has be5 drap$4 ,! figure ( ,l9coln is #ai feet high f ! top ( 8 head to ! sole ( 8 boot4 ,! head measures #c feet 9 height4 ,! boot is #c feet long1 & f ! boot to ! kneecap ! di/ance is #h feet4 ,! p$e/al1 :i* is #ah feet #b in*es wide & #ai feet deep1 re/s on a m>ble plat=m #cd feet wide & #bh feet deep4 ,! /atue weighs #aej tons2 ) its p$e/al & base x rises to a height ( #cj feet2 & )\t ! p$e/al x is #ba feet 9 height4 ,! /atue is ( ,georgia m>ble1 0 cut by ,piccirilli ,bros41 m>ble-cutt]s1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 & f\r ye>s 7 requir$ = its completion4 ,! p$e/al & base are ( ,t5nessee m>ble4 ,ov] ! head ( ,l9coln is ! inscription-- ,,9 ,,?is ,,temple ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,he>ts ,,( ,,! ,,p ,,= ,,:om ,,he ,,sav$ ,,! ,,union ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,abraham ,,l9coln ,,is ,,en%r9$ ,,=ev] ,! int]ior is light$ ?r\gh transluc5t panels ( m>ble & by ! great front op5+4 ,rec5tly a special sy/em ( light+ 0 in/all$4 ,,decorations ,! two decorations by ,jules ,gu]9 repres5t+ ,emancipation & ,reunion are pa9t$ on canvas4 ,ea* canvas weighs #fjj p\nds & is #fj feet long & #ah feet wide4 ,! figures1 ( :i* !re are #df 9 ! two panels1 are #h feet high & 7 pa9t$ by ! arti/ )\t assi/ance4 ,almo/ z _m models z figures 7 us$4 ,! head ( ,mr4 ,bacon1 ! ar*itect1 appe>s 9 ! decoration on ! nor? wall1 be+ ! f\r? figure 9 ! gr\p at ! left ( ! angel4 ,! decorations are absolutely wea!rpro(1 ! pa9t be+ mix$ ) :ite wax & k]os5e4 ,! wax h>d5s b does n all[ ! pa9t to crack4 ,*emically x is simil> to ! wax1 /ill pliable1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! tombs ( ! ,k+s ( ,egypt4 ,! decorations are affix$ to ! wall ) a mixture ( :ite lead & ,v5etian v>ni%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,,reflect+ ,,bas9 ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,,& ,,surr\nd+ ,,area ,! ,l9coln ,memorial1 :ile x t]m9ates ! ,mall composition1 has a position simil> to ! ,arc de ,triomphe 9 ,p>is1 9 t f x radiate drives & p>kways 9 all directions--! ,rock ,creek ,p>kway to ! nor?2 we/w>d across ! ,memorial ,bridge to ! ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y1 connect+ also ) ! ,m\nt ,v]non ,highway1 ! ,lee ,highway1 & ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,memorial ,p>kway2 s\?w>d to ,ea/ ,potomac ,p>k2 & ea/w>d along ! ,mall to ! ,capitol4 ,! :ole area is a rem>kable a*ievem5t 9 city plann+ & %[s :at c be done ) reclaim$ l&1 = #bj to #be ye>s ago all ! l& surr\nd+ ! ,l9coln ,memorial 0 swampy4 ,! ,l9coln ,memorial ,reflect+ ,bas9 is #b1jjj feet long & #afj feet wide4 ,x has an av]age dep? ( ab\t #c feet & reflects ! entire ,wa%+ton ,monum5t & ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,x is l9$ ) trees & walks t w ultimately ext5d to ! ,capitol4 ,! beauty ( ! future ,mall treatm5t betwe5 ! ,capitol & ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t is indicat$ by ! developm5t betwe5 ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t & ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,! wat] gate is a "p ( ! great ,l9coln ,memorial composition4 ,x consi/s ( granite /eps #bjf feet wide at ! top & #bcj feet wide at ! bottom4 ,con/itution ,av5ue w be ! great 8,memorial ,b\lev>d0 f ! ,capitol to ! ,l9coln ,memorial1 & !nce to ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y4 ,imm$iately to ! s\? ( ! reflect+ bas9 on ! nor? & s\? axis is ! m>ble b& /& erect$ z ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,_w ,w> ,memorial4 ,,! ,,arl+ton ,,memorial ,,bridge ,! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge 0 built "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge ,commission1 ( :i* ! ,presid5t is *airman4 ,! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts 0 consult$ & advis$ z to ! plans4 ,! project ( build+ ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge has be5 be=e ,congress s9ce #ahhd4 ,previ\s to t "t ,daniel ,web/]1 9 an address on ,july #d1 #ahea1 at ! lay+ ( ! corn] /one = enl>g+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capitol1 ref]r$ to x z foll[s3 ,be=e u is ! broad & beautiful riv]1 sep>at+ two ( ! orig9al ?irte5 ,/ates1 :i* a late ,presid5t1 a man ( det]m9$ purpose & inflexible w1 b patriotic he>t1 desir$ to span ) ar*es ( ev]-endur+ granite1 symbolical ( ! firmly e/abli%$ union ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,t ,presid5t 0 ,g5]al ,jackson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arl+ton ,,memorial ,,bridge1 ,,ar*itects' ,,design ,! ne$ ( a bridge direct to ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y 0 mo/ urg5tly felt on ,armi/ice ,day1 ,novemb] #aa1 #aiba1 :5 ! rema9s ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi] 7 entomb$4 ,l$ by ,presid5t ,h>d+ & (ficials ( ?is ,gov]nm5t & ( _m =eign c\ntries1 ?\s&s ( p :o made ! trip to ,arl+ton did s "u mo/ difficult circum/ances1 because ( ! cr[d$ traffic conditions4 ,! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts 0 9 session at ! "t1 & at once recomm5d$ to ,congress ! prep>ation ( plans = an ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 ) an initial appropriation ( #be1jjj4 ,congress respond$ quickly & made ! appropriation available = exp5diture by ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge ,commission1 by act approv$ ,june #ab1 #aibb4 ,on ,april #bb1 #aibd1 ! commission submitt$ to ,congress a compreh5sive report on ! subject & a set ( approv$ plans t contemplat$ an exp5diture ( #ad1gej1jjj = ! project4 ,congress adopt$ ! report & plans & has made ! necess>y funds available = ! con/ruction "w z fa/ z ! project develop$4 ,! ar*itects ( ! bridge are ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 :o are not$ = ! _m great & beautiful classical /ructures !y h built ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 ! libr>y at ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,/ation 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & ! ,mc,kinley ,memorial at ,niles1 ,ohio4 ,?is firm also _h *>ge ( ! build+ ( additions to ! ,:ite ,h\se dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,roosevelt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eagle ,,surm\nt+ ,,pylons ,illu/ration3 ,,bison ,,head ,! bridge ext5ds f ! ,l9coln ,memorial to ,columbia ,isl&1 has a l5g? ( #b1ach feet1 & is #ij feet wide1 ! wid? ( ,fif? ,av5ue 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,! bridge has be5 built z l[ z possible1 consi/5t ) good proportions1 9 ord] n to int]f]e ) ! view ( ! ,l9coln ,memorial f ,columbia ,isl&4 ,!re are #f lanes on ! bridge1 ea* #aj feet wide1 & #b sidewalks1 ea* #ae feet wide4 ,! balu/rade is #d feet high4 ,suitable light+ is also provid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,horydczak ,,arl+ton ,,memorial ,,bridge ,! bridge has #i segm5tal ar*es ( #aff-;foot span at ! ends ( ! bridge & spread+ gradually to #ahd feet at ! c5t]4 ,! t]m9al ar*es rise to a po9t #bh feet above av]age wat] height1 increas+ gradually to #ce feet 9 ! c5tral ar*4 ,! pi]s are #cb feet wide & are firmly emb$d$ 9 rock #ce feet bel[ wat]4 ,! sup]/ructure is built ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a granite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eagle ,,& ,,fasces ,at ! entrance to ! bridge at ! ,l9coln ,memorial !re w be two l>ge sculptural gr\ps1 ea* #af feet high4 ,! pylons at ! ,columbia ,isl& end ( ! bridge1 :i* are #ce feet high1 are surm\nt$ by eagles #h feet high1 ea* cut out ( a solid block ( granite1 accord+ to ! design ( ,c4 ,paul ,j5newe91 sculptor4 ,at ! sides ( ! bridge appe> l>ge sculptur$ disks1 ea* #ab feet 9 diamet]1 & at ! key/one ( ! ar*es !re are buffalo heads #f feet 9 height4 ,^! 7 also design$ by ,mr4 ,j5newe94 ,! two sculptural gr\ps at ! entrance to ! bridge w be symbolic ( ,w>4 ,!y 7 design$ by ,leo ,fri$l&]1 sculptor4 ,at ! entrance to ! ,rock ,creek ,p>kway !re w be two sculptural gr\ps symbolic ( ,peace & ! arts ( ,peace1 design$ by ,james ,e4 ,fras]1 sculptor4 ,!re w be appropriate inscriptions c>v$ on ! bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,columbia ,,isl& ,,plaza ,,& ,,memorial ,,av5ue ,,to ,,arl+ton ,,national ,,cemet]y ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,arl+ton ,,memorial ,,bridge ,,developm5t1 ,,look+ ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,at ! c5t] ( ! bridge is a drawspan1 ea* leaf ( :i* has a l5g? ( #ib feet1 ! height ( an #h-/ory build+4 ,"o m9ute is requir$ = op5+ & clos+ ! drawspan1 :i* is op]at$ by electricity4 ,ea* leaf weighs #f1jjj tons4 ,x is 9 itself an int]e/+ a*ievem5t 9 bridge eng9e]+4 ,f ,columbia ,isl& we/w>d !re is ! b\nd>y *annel bridge4 ,f !re to ! ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y is a memorial p>kway #bdj feet wide1 #b1bjj feet 9 l5g?1 light$1 l9$ ) plant+1 & provid+ space at int]vals = memorials4 ,at ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y !re is a l>ge memorial entrance1 f :i* walks & driveways lead to ! ,tomb ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi] at ! ,memorial ,amphi!at] & to ,arl+ton ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,= ,,developm5t ,,( ,,great] ,,arl+ton ,n only 0 ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge built 9 a p]iod ( #g ye>s1 b "o ( ! f9e/ compositions 9 city plann+ has be5 c>ri$ out 9 connection ) x4 ,9 addition to ! treatm5t on ,columbia ,isl& ,plaza & ! approa* to ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y1 !re is also ! great plaza at ! approa* to ! bridge at ! ,l9coln ,memorial1 a sea wall = ! ,riv]side ,drive lead+ to x1 & ! wat] gate--/eps ( granite #bae feet wide--ne>by4 ,! bridge 0 d$icat$ & op5$ = travel 9 #aicb4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,p>ks ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,! p>k sy/em ( ! ,national ,capital is "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 ,s9ce #ahga 9 _m ways1 p>ticul>ly municipal affairs1 ! ,national ,capital has be5 9 ! lead among ,am]ican cities4 ,hav+ begun ) a logical & well-?\ght-out plan = ! orig9al city1 ! new ,f$]al ,city 0 provid$ ) an ample sy/em ( public res]vations & p>ks4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! city !re 0 s mu* unoccupi$ l& t x 0 h>d to believe !re w\ld ev] be any necessity = p>ks & op5 spaces develop$ & ma9ta9$ at public exp5se4 ,= ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury ,wa%+ton 0 s spread out )9 ! bord]s ( ! orig9al plan t ! /reet rights-(-way & public gr\nds res]v$ by ! ,l',enfant plan seem$ to be entirely out ( scale ) ! ne$s ( ! city & 7 look$ ^u by "s z a burd5 r ?an z a b5efit4 ,x 0 n until ! increase 9 population1 :i* has cont9u$ /eadily s9ce ! ,civil ,w>1 & ! conge/ion ( ! /reets 9 rec5t ye>s ) automobiles & a great volume ( traffic1 t ! build+ lots h be5 occupi$ ) /ructures & ! full wid? ( ! /reets ne$$ = traffic1 s t ! public res]vations h become ! only refuge = ! play ( *ildr5 & ! recreation ( old] p4 ,x is1 !re=e1 easy to und]/& ! lack ( appreciation ( ! city p>k sy/em dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,a few f>-sight$ individuals only realiz$ ! necessity = pres]v+ ^! res]vations until !y w\ld be ne$$ z brea?+ spaces 9 a ?ickly settl$ city1 & !y _h to wage a p]si/5t & h>d-f\ght campaign ?r\gh ! ye>s aga9/ ^? :o con/antly want$ to sell (f ! public res]vations = build+ developm5t ( "s k9d or o!r1 or to h ! ,gov]nm5t itself use !m = build+s4 ,9 ! two or ?ree cases 9 :i* ! latt] 0 done we n[ h reason to regret x2 9 a few cases 9 :i* ! res]vations 7 sold ! ,gov]nm5t is n[ hav+ to buy !m back at consid]able co/4 ,x 0 n a matt] ( little importance :i* l$ ,presid5t ,?omas ,jeff]son to exclaim3 8,h[ ,i wi% t ,i possess$ ! p[] ( a despot40 ,! company at ! table />$ at a decl>ation s oppos$ to 8 disposition & pr9ciples4 8,yes10 cont9u$ he1 9 reply to _! inquir+ looks1 8,i wi% ,i 0 a despot1 t ,i might save ! noble1 ! beautiful trees t are daily fall+ sacrifices to ! cupidity ( _! own]s1 or ! necessity ( ! poor40 8,& h y n au?ority to save ^? on ! public gr\nds80 ask$ "o ( ! company4 8,no10 answ]$ ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 8only an arm$ gu>d c\ld save !m4 ,! unnecess>y fell+ ( a tree1 p]haps ! gr[? ( c5turies1 seems to me a crime little %ort ( murd]2 x pa9s me to an unspeakable degree40 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,hamp%ire ,,av5ue1 ,,nor?we/ ,! same desire to cut d[n trees 9 ord] to make room = m concrete & masonry p]si/s to ?is day & c only be controll$ by con/ant vigilance4 ,! importance ( op5 spaces & city p>ks1 develop$ into beauty spots by ! art ( ! l&scape ar*itect1 %\ld be evid5t to all4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 p]haps ! mo/ unusual & orig9al feature ( ! ,l',enfant plan 0 ! idea ( build+ ! city ab\t two coord9ate axes ( p>ks--"o a p>k sy/em ne>ly a ?ird ( a mile wide1 lead+ f ! ,capitol we/w>d to ! ,potomac ,riv]1 & ! o!r ! same wid?1 lead+ f ! ,:ite ,h\se s\? to ! riv]1 ) ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t at _! int]section4 ,?is 0 an innovation & a dep>ture f ! usual developm5t ( a city ab\t a comm]cial /reet--a ma9 /reet or a m>ket /reet4 ,provision 0 made 9 ! plan = su* a great comm]cial /reet on ! diagonal ( ! triangle1 ! av5ue jo9+ ! ,capitol ) ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & nam$ ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 = ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t _h up to !n sp5t ! great] "p ( its life4 ,mu* ( ! ,mall lead+ we/w>d f ! ,capitol 0 un=tunately tak5 up by ! e/u>y ( ,tib] ,creek1 :i* ov]fl[$ at high tide4 ,x 0 ! int5tion ( ,major ,l',enfant & 8 urg5t recomm5dation t ?is creek be conf9$ to a canal :i* he propos$ to con/ruct along ! nor!rn "p ( ! propos$ p>k4 ,?is canal w\ld n only af=d wat] transportation = heavy & bulky mat]ials to & f ! bus9ess "p ( ! city b at ! same "t w\ld be a wat] feature ( ! propos$ p>k4 ,un=tunately1 :ile ! canal 0 built1 ,tib] ,creek 0 n entirely conf9$ to x1 & its e/u>y 0 all[$ to cont9ue to ov]fl[ ! ,mall area & ?us delay its developm5t4 ,:5 ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t 0 locat$1 in/ead ( be+ plac$ at ! exact int]section ( ! two p>k axes1 x 0 plac$ on a natural hill ne> by :i* 0 safely above tide level4 ,! idea ( an av5ue f ! ,capitol to ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t seems to h be5 ab&on$ = _m ye>s1 & :5 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 0 built 9 ! ,mall ! plan made by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+ 0 adopt$ = ! entire ,mall1 sup]s$+ t ( ,l',enfant4 ,^! 7 ! days :5 ! s-call$ naturali/ic p>k developm5t 0 9 vogue1 & ev]y?+ _h to be consci\sly picturesque4 ,no road or pa? c\ld be /raight1 & no regul>ity 9 plant+ or plan 0 tol]at$4 ,! ,l',enfant plan 0 aga9 disreg>d$ 9 lay+ out ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture gr\nds 9 #ahfg4 ,) ! av5ue ( ! ,mall out ( ! picture1 !re 0 no reason app>5t to ^? 9 au?ority = refus+ p]mission to ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 to run its tracks across ! ,mall & build its pass5g] /ation 9 ! ,mall itself1 at ,six? ,/reet4 ,x 0 ?is /ation1 h[ev]1 :i* br\ght ab\t ! re/udy ( ! plan ( ,wa%+ton & ! return to ! ,mall developm5t 9 accordance ) ,l',enfant's pr9ciples1 = ,col4 ,!odore ,a4 ,b+ham1 !n 9 *>ge ( ,public ,build+s & ,gr\nds1 on he>+ t legislation 0 ab\t to be pass$ au?oriz+ ! railroad to build a viaduct across ! ,mall to ?is /ation1 & realiz+ t ?is exp5sive /ructure w\ld probably make ! c>ry+ out ( ,l',enfant's plan impossible1 got ! plan out ( ! files & />t$ a campaign to prev5t ! legislation f pass+ & to rehabilitate ! au?ority ( ! ,l',enfant plan4 ,he 0 =tunate 9 f9d+ ^? among 8 sup]iors :o appreciat$ ! situation1 & 9 secur+ ! v wise & effective help ( ,s5ator ,mc,millan & ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects4 ,inde$1 ! int]e/ 9 ! ,national ,capital1 excit$ 9 ?is way & m or less focus$ ^u x by ! c5t5>y ( its occupation z ! seat ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 result$ 9 ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission ( #aija & its v valuable recomm5dations = ! developm5t & beautification ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! developm5t ( ! ,mall 9 accordance ) ! plan ( #aija has be5 au?oriz$ by ,congress & is be+ c>ri$ on /ep by /ep z x becomes possible 9 connection ) ! public-build+s program4 ,! small] res]vations & p>ks suff]$ neglect equally1 z 0 to be expect$4 ,9 mak+ 8 plan ,l',enfant _h locat$ public res]vations at v>i\s important /reet & av5ue int]sections4 ,:]e m ?an two /reets cross$ at "o po9t1 a circle or squ>e to take up & di/ribute ! traffic among ! v>i\s /reets 0 almo/ necess>y1 or at lea/ w\ld be necess>y to-day1 & x is =tunate t :at ,l',enfant did = appe>ance %\ld n[ be prov+ to h real utilit>ian value4 ,8 own ideas ab\t ! purpose & function ( ^! squ>es are express$ 9 8 report1 z foll[s3 ,! c5t] ( ea* ,squ>e w admit ( ,/atues1 ,columns1 ,obelisks1 or any o!r ornam5t su* z ! diff]5t ,/ates may *oose to erect3 to p]petuate n only ! memory ( su* individuals ^: c\nsels or ,milit>y a*ievem5ts 7 conspicu\s 9 giv+ lib]ty & indep5d5ce to ?is ,c\ntry2 b also ^? ^: usefulness ha? r5d]$ !m wor?y ( g5]al imitation1 to invite ! y\? ( succe$+ g5]ations to tread 9 ! pa?s ( ^? sages1 or h]oes :om _! c\ntry has ?\ght prop] to celebrate4 ,! situation ( ^! ,squ>es is su* t !y are ! mo/ advantage\sly & reciprocally se5 f ea* o!r & z equally di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole ,city di/rict1 & connect$ by spaci\s av5ues r\nd ! gr& ,f$]al ,improvem5ts & z contigu\s to !m1 & at ! same "t z equally di/ant f ea* o!r1 z circum/ances w\ld admit4 ,! ,settlem5ts r\nd ^? ,squ>es mu/ soon become connect$4 ,?is mode ( tak+ possession ( & improv+ ! :ole di/rict at fir/ mu/ leave to po/]ity a gr& idea ( ! patriotic int]e/ :i* prompt$ x4 ,:ile ,lafayette ,p>k1 9 front ( & nor? ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 0 grad$ z e>ly z #ahbf1 x 0 n plant$ & really develop$ z a p>k = "s "t aft] t4 ,9 #ahec ! ,cl>k ,mills /atue ( ,jackson 0 plac$ 9 x z its c5tral feature4 ,simil>ly1 ! eque/rian /atue ( ,wa%+ton br\ght ab\t ! improvem5t ( ,wa%+ton ,circle at ! we/]ly end ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,g>field ,p>k1 n[ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful p>ks 9 ! city1 0 grad$ & to "s ext5t improv$ 9 #ahch1 9 connection ) its use z a nurs]y = trees to ornam5t ! public gr\nds & ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,a botanic g>d51 :i* _h be5 talk$ ab\t f ! v fir/1 & 0 f9ally br\ght to a head by ! necessity = provid+ = ! botanic collection ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 0 gradually e/abli%$ at ! ea/ end ( ! ,mall betwe5 ,fir/ & ,?ird ,/reets4 ,x did n become a really important feature ( public b5efit to ! city until #aheb1 :5 x 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,william ,r4 ,smi?1 :o _h _h exp]i5ce 9 ,kew ,g>d5s 9 ,engl& & made suffici5t progress = ! ,botanic ,g>d5 to be describ$ 9 #ahei 8z a pleasant place to visit1 ) gravel walks1 bord]$ ) box1 r>e plants1 & trees40 ,h[ little ^! p>ks 7 ne$$ !n to give ! requisite t\* ( nature 9 urban surr\nd+s & to :at ext5t ! ,national ,capital /ill reta9$ its "* ( a few scatt]$ settlem5ts 9 ! mid/ ( f>m l& is %[n by ! fact t ! "o or two :i* _h be5 improv$ _h to be f5c$ 9 to protect _! "y trees & %rubs aga9/ ! cattle1 goats1 & %eep t roam$ ! /reets4 ,z late z #ahgj ! dang] to p$e/rians f ! dome/ic animals all[$ at l>ge 0 ! subject ( prote/ 9 =mal spee*es 9 ,congress4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> _m ( ! public res]vations 7 us$ = camps1 hospitals1 & drill gr\nds1 :i* use naturally did n help _! appe>ance4 ,:ile ! p>ks & res]vations n us$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t rema9$ relatively unimprov$ & 9 ! condition ( unsightly village commons1 ! gr\nds ar\nd ! public build+s ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 7 giv5 a little m att5tion & 7 gradually improv$4 ,! nor? gr\nds ( ! ,:ite ,h\se 7 fix$ up 9 ,jeff]son's adm9i/ration & re>rang$ f "t to "t subsequ5tly1 b s little importance 0 atta*$ to appe>ances t ! s\? gr\nds ( ! ,:ite ,h\se rema9$ unimprov$ ?r\gh ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury4 ,x 0 n until aft] ! ,civil ,w> t real importance 0 atta*$ to ! beautification ( ! gr\nds & ! sy/ematic plant+ ( trees 9 ! /reets4 ,! public build+s & gr\nds 7 turn$ ov] to ! ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s 9 #ahfg1 & s9ce t "t h receiv$ a great deal m att5tion ?an ev] be=e4 ,9 #ahih ! municipal p>ks 7 transf]r$ f ! city gov]nm5t to ! ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s & h be5 sy/ematically improv$ s9ce4 ,) ! /reet trees & ! improv$ city p>ks scatt]$ ab\t ! c5tral "p ( ! city1 ,wa%+ton has acquir$ a *>act]i/ic appe>ance ( its own & (f]s ! *>m & am5ities :i* o!r ,am]ican cities 7 n wise en\gh to provide = !mselves4 ,z ! city grew outside ( ! orig9al plan1 a few projects = l>ge & ext5sive p>ks 7 adopt$4 ,! beautiful ,rock ,creek ,valley 0 pur*as$ = a p>k & = ! ,zoological ,g>d5 "u ! act approv$ ,septemb] #bg1 #ahij2 & provision 0 made by ! act approv$ ,augu/ #b1 #ahhb1 = ! fill+ 9 ( ! ,potomac tidal flats4 ,?is latt] project has develop$ ne>ly #a1jjj acres ( reclaim$ p>k l& ext5sively us$ = recreation ( all k9ds4 ,x also ext5d$ ! axis ( ! ,mall ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile beyond :at 0 orig9ally plann$1 ?us af=d+ a suitable t]m9al 9 ! site = ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,9 #ahic ! evils ( new1 rapidly gr[+ subdivisions outside ! limits ( ! ,l',enfant plan--laid out )\t any reg>d to ! latt]--7 suffici5tly recogniz$ to br+ ab\t ! passage ( legislation = mak+ a highway or /reet plan ( ! entire ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is law 0 fur!r am5d$ 9 #ahih & result$ 9 a /reet lay\t foll[$ ev] s9ce1 ) modifications f "t to "t4 ,b ?is1 be+ a /reet plan1 made no provision = ! ext5sion ( ! sy/em ( city p>ks into ! new t]ritory1 nor = m]g+ ! newly au?oriz$ major p>k projects ) ! /reet sy/em4 ,h5ce "o ( ! major duties ) :i* ! ,mc,millan ,commission 0 *>g$ 9 #aija 0 ! design ( appropriate p>ks outside ( ! ,l',enfant plan4 ,! high tal5ts & national reputation ( ! memb]s ( ?is commission insur$ t _! recomm5dations = ! beautification & developm5t ( ! ,capital w\ld really be a new1 gr&1 basic plan4 ,aft] mature /udy1 9 ! light ( ! f9e/ examples ! _w _h produc$1 ?is commission re9/at$ ! au?ority ( ! ,l',enfant plan & c>ri$ x to its logical conclusions 9 new t]ritory4 ,?is action reflect$ cr$it n only on ! g5ius ( ,l',enfant b also on ! commission itself1 :i* _h ! wisdom to recognize ! supreme m]it ( ! orig9al plan & ! good s5se1 & mode/y1 to build ^u x4 ,h[ev]1 ! #aija commission's plan nev] receiv$ g5]al legislative sanction1 & approval ( "s ( its individual major projects 0 obta9$ only aft] great ef=t & mu* urg+ by ! executive au?orities & "s f>-sight$ ,memb]s ( ! ,congress4 ,fir/1 ! railroads arrang$ = a ,union ,/ation 7#aijc71 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 remov$ its tracks & /ation f ! ,mall1 s t to-day ! travel] by rail ent]s ! city ?r\gh a great monum5tal portal & f9ds himself 9 sight ( ! ,capitol4 ,9 #aiac ! ,rock ,creek & ,potomac ,p>kway 0 au?oriz$1 to connect ! ,rock ,creek ,valley ) ! ,potomac ,p>k sy/em4 ,9 #aiaa ! ,l9coln ,memorial & ! developm5t ( ! ,mall betwe5 x & ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t 7 provid$ =4 ,a law approv$ 9 #aija provid$ = con/ruction ( ! ,g5]al ,grant ,memorial at ! ea/ end ( ! ,mall at ! base ( ,capitol ,hill1 :ile a memorial to ,g54 ,george ,g4 ,meade1 locat$ 9 relation to ! ,grant ,memorial1 0 subsequ5tly 7#aibf7 accept$ f ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 #aibd ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge 0 approv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>k ,,areas ,,acquir$ ,,to ,,july #a1 #aich ,9 #aiaj ! ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts 0 set up to-- advise ^u ! location ( /atues1 f\nta9s1 & monum5ts 9 ! public squ>es1 /reets1 & p>ks 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ^u ! selection ( models = /atues1 f\nta9s1 & monum5ts erect$ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ^u ! selection ( ! arti/s = ! execution ( ! same4 ,?is commission1 :i* has numb]$ 9 its memb]%ip ! greate/ ar*itects & arti/s ( ! c\ntry1 has help$ greatly n only 9 rais+ ! /&>d ( ! public works ( art b also 9 secur+ ! adoption ( important p>ts ( ! #aija plan4 ,) ! g5]al pav+ ( /reets1 ! fill+ ( vacant lots ) h\ses1 & ! increas+ automobile traffic1 x became necess>y to provide safe play places = *ildr5 & necess>y recreation facilities = adults4 ,9 response to ?is dem&1 a sy/em ( playgr\nds 0 adopt$ & a playgr\nds dep>tm5t set up 9 #aiaa4 ,:ile all ^! projects 7 good & necess>y1 !y fail$ to keep pace ) ! ne$s ( ! rapidly gr[+ city4 ,intru/$ to diff]5t executive au?orities1 ^! ef=ts c\ld n be prop]ly coord9at$1 & occasionally 7 design$ )\t ! fulle/ consid]ation ( o!r projects affect$ by !m4 ,! propos$ sy/em ( playgr\nds 0 n ext5d$ z int5d$1 & ev5 if x _h be5 w\ld h prov$ inadequate4 ,l&s recomm5d$ = p>k use 9 #aija 7 built on ) exp5sive improvem5ts & put to private or comm]cial uses4 ,! progress made 9 ! qu>t] c5tury #aija to #aibf 0 s unsatisfactory t a ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission 0 e/abli%$ 7#aibd1 am5d$ #aibf7-- to develop a compreh5sive1 consi/5t1 & coord9at$ plan = ! ,national ,capital & its environs 9 ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 to pres]ve ! fl[ ( wat] 9 ,rock ,creek1 to prev5t pollution ( ,rock ,creek & ! ,potomac & ,anaco/ia ,riv]s1 to pres]ve =e/s & natural sc5]y 9 & ab\t ,wa%+ton1 & to provide = ! compreh5sive1 sy/ematic1 & cont9u\s developm5t ( p>k1 p>kway1 & playgr\nd sy/ems ( ! ,national ,capital & its environs 99 99 994 ,besides its city-plann+ "w1 ?is commission recomm5d$ a complete sy/em ( city p>ks1 playgr\nds1 & recreation c5t]s1 z well z a sy/em ( regional p>ks4 ,! ma9 new city p>k feature is a circumf]5tial p>kway jo9+ ! old ,civil ,w> =ts built to def5d ! city aga9/ attack1 b n[ too ne> urban developm5t to be ( any milit>y efficacy4 ,b ! sites ( ! =ts !mselves1 besides ! int]e/ ( ! rema9s ( ! milit>y works1 are excell5tly suit$ = local p>ks1 & because ( _! comm&+ positions af=d _m unique & magnific5t views1 :ile ! drive jo9+ !m1 besides giv+ opportunity = an unusually picturesque pleasure drive1 w provide v mu*-ne$$ cross connections ( great traffic value betwe5 ! radial /reets ent]+ ! city4 ,!re is to be a s]ies ( neighborhood recreation c5t]s f #aj to #bj acres 9 size = ea* resid5tial community1 ) playgr\nds = small *ildr5 int]sp]s$ at int]vals ( ab\t half a mile4 ,! recreation sy/em is to comprise fields = major sports & swimm+ pools & con/itutes a reasonable ef=t to meet ! policy t 8e *ild %all h a place to play40 ,! regional p>k sy/em contemplates ! acquisition ( ! %ores ( ! ,potomac f ,m\nt ,v]non to & includ+ ,great ,falls z a memorial p>k 9 memory ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,?is w include an area ( unique hi/orical & sc5ic value ( su* picturesque attractiv5ess z c n be f\nd 9 su* close proximity to any o!r great city1 & a possible natural playgr\nd )9 rea* ( millions ( ! city dwell]s ( ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,! new memorial highway to ,m\nt ,v]non is an important elem5t ( ?is project1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 #aicb4 ,9 ! nor? end ( ! project1 ne> ,great ,falls1 are ! rema9s ( ! ,old ,potomack ,canal1 ( :i* ,george ,wa%+ton himself sup]vis$ ! con/ruction1 :ile on ! ,m>yl& %ore is ! ,*esapeake & ,ohio ,canal1 =mally initiat$ by ,presid5t ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 9 #ahbh1 & a mo/ p]fect example ( ! type ( canal :i* br\ght ab\t ! developm5t ( our c\ntry 9 ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,its quiet wat]s & ov]gr[n t[pa? & banks h unusual *>m & af=d a mo/ *>m+ & int]e/+ contra/ ) ! torr5tial riv] bel[ 9 its rugg$ canyon4 ,z a natural t]m9al on ! ,m>yl& bank ( ! riv]1 ne>ly opposite ,m\nt ,v]non1 is picturesque old ,=t ,wa%+ton design$ by ,major ,l',enfant aft] ! ,w> ( #ahab1 & "o ( ! be/-pres]v$ =ts ( ?is type 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,f its p>apet "o c enjoy "o ( ! be/ views ( ! ,capital ,city ,l',enfant s glori\sly & successfully plann$4 ,! regional p>k sy/em also proposes ! ext5sion ( ,rock ,creek ,p>k into ,m>yl& & v>i\s o!r simil> connections ) projects 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important is ! opportunity = a p>kway1 l ! ,bronx ,p>kway1 betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore1 foll[+ up ! ,anaco/ia ,valley1 ,nor?we/ ,bran*1 & ,indian ,creek4 ,! recomm5dations ( ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission z to p>ks 7 giv5 legislative sanction by ! act approv$ ,may #bi1 #aicj1 & are be+ c>ri$ out z fa/ z funds are made available4 ,! opportunities "h = a ne>ly ideal p>k & playgr\nd sy/em are s unusual t ! entire c\ntry mu/ be int]e/$ 9 see+ _! e>ly completion4 ,o!r cities c h monum5tal build+s1 b no o!r l>ge city c /ill h at reasonable co/ ! p>k & recreational facilities ess5tial to ! am5ities ( life & ! rais+ ( a new g5]ation "u conditions assur+1 = poor & ri* alike1 a s\nd m9d 9 a s\nd body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lafayette ,,p>k1 ,,%[+ ,,/atue ,,( ,,g54 ,,&rew ,,jackson ,,lafayette ,,p>k ,! ,l',enfant plan %[s ! gr\nd n[ kn[n z ,lafayette ,p>k1 or ,lafayette ,squ>e1 compris+ ab\t #g acres1 to h be5 a "p ( ! ,presid5t's ,p>k1 ext5d+ on ! nor? side f ,h ,/reet s\?w>d to ! ,monum5t ,gr\nds1 betwe5 ,fifte5? & ,sev5te5? ,/reets4 ,simil>ly1 ! subsequ5t ,ellicott plan & ! ,d]mott plan make provision = su* a spaci\s p>k to surr\nd ! ,presid5t's ,h\se4 ,^! plans %[ no /reet divid+ ,lafayette ,p>k f ! ,:ite ,h\se ,gr\nds4 ,:5 ,l',enfant prep>$ 8 plan ?is 0 a neglect$ area1 a common )\t trees4 ,a race c\rse 0 laid out1 9 #agig1 on ! we/ side ( ! gr\nds1 ext5d+ we/w>d to ,tw5tie? ,/reet4 ,huts = workm5 :o help$ build ! ,presid5t's ,h\se 7 erect$ on ! gr\nds1 & :5 ^! 7 remov$ a m>ket 0 e/abli%$ !re4 ,?is 0 lat] relocat$ f>!r to ! c5t] ( ! t[n1 on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 betwe5 ,sev5? & ,n9? ,/reets4 ,?omas ,jeff]son fir/ und]took really to improve ! gr\nds & m>k$ ! ea/ & we/ limits z !y are to-day1 call$ ,madison ,place & ,jackson ,place1 respectively4 ,until #ahaf ! only important build+ t _h be5 erect$ adjac5t to ,lafayette ,p>k 0 ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*4 ,!n1 9 #ahah1 ! ,dolly ,madison ,h\se 0 built1 & 9 #ahai ! ,decatur ,h\se4 ,f !n on & = m ?an #ej ye>s foll[+ ,lafayette ,p>k became ! c5t] ( social life 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,ne>ly e h\se surr\nd+ x became not$ = its hi/orical associations4 ,h[ev]1 ! p>k seems to h be5 neglect$ ! great] "p ( ?is p]iod4 ,9 #ahdj !re 0 an ord9>y f5ce ar\nd x4 ,j :5 ?is p>k area took ! "n ( ,lafayette ,p>k is n def9itely kn[n4 ,z has be5 said1 orig9ally ?is area 0 a "p ( ! ,presid5t's ,p>k1 & ,d4 ,b4 ,w>d51 9 8 volume entitl$ 8,description ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia10 publi%$ 9 #ahaf1 ref]s to x z su* by say+1 9 connection ) rates ( f>e = hackney c>riages-- ,f ! ,presid5t's ,squ>e to ,gre5leaf's ,po9t1 & also to ,hamburg ,:>f1 or to ! we/]n limits ( ! city1 ! rate is b #be c5ts1 & half ! di/ance "o-half t sum4 ,9 8 volum9\s hi/ory ( ,lafayette ,squ>e1 ,gi/ ,blair /ates-- ,its "n has come f ! p & arose aft] ?is visit ( ,lafayette to ! city 9 #ahbd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9coln ,,memorial ,aga91 speak+ ( ! _m social ev5ts held 9 ,wa%+ton dur+ ?is visit ( ,lafayette1 ,mr4 ,blair says3 ,socially1 ! season ( #ahbd-be 0 ! mo/ brilliant ,wa%+ton _h se51 s x is natural to und]/& h[ ev]yone at ?is "t may h />t$ to call ?is squ>e ,lafayette ,squ>e4 ,9 ! (fice ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 !re is a map dat$ #aheb1 on :i* ,lafayette ,p>k is %[n to be sep>at$ f ! ,:ite ,h\se ,gr\nds4 ,! fir/ pr9t$ report ( ! ,commission] ( ,public ,build+s1 on file 9 t (fice1 is ( ! ye> #aheg4 ,9 t report !re is a ref]5ce to ,lafayette ,squ>e ) an acc\nt ( c]ta9 "w be+ done !re 9 t ye>4 ,dur+ m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury pa/ ! gr\nds h be5 prop]ly ma9ta9$ z a p>k4 ,to-day !re are five notable monum5ts 9 ,lafayette ,p>k2 namely1 ! ,jackson1 ,lafayette1 ,ro*ambeau1 ,von ,/eub51 & ! ,kosciuszko4 ,,potomac ,,p>ks ,x is ( int]e/ to note f ! ,l',enfant plan ( #agia ! abs5ce ( l& 9 ! area kn[n to-day z ,we/ & ,ea/ ,potomac ,p>ks4 ,sev5ty-five ye>s ago ! area _h develop$ into a m>%y region1 :i* became s mal>ial z to affect s]i\sly ! heal? ( resid5ts ( ! city4 ,9 #aija ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission decid$ to ext5d ! axis ( ! ,mall we/w>d ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile1 & z a result "o ( ! greate/ & mo/ rem>kable developm5ts 9 city plann+ has be5 accompli%$1 = at t "t1 9 connection ) ! p>k improvem5t project1 ! location ( ! ,l9coln ,memorial & ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge 0 det]m9$ ^u 9 plan1 toge!r ) ! ,rock ,creek & ,potomac ,p>kway developm5t4 ,! dr$g+ ( ^! swampy regions by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,eng9e] ,(fice result$ 9 ! creation ( ,we/ ,potomac ,p>k1 compris+ #cid acres4 ,ea/ ,potomac ,p>k is locat$ along ! ,potomac ,riv] n f> f ! ,l9coln ,memorial & has develop$ dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s into ! mo/ prom95t recreational p>k ( ! city4 ,! golf c\rse1 field h\se1 & picnic groves are features ( ! p>k4 ,x is "o ( ! ?ree great isl& p>ks ( ! _w & comprises #cbg acres ( l& reclaim$ f ! ,potomac ,riv]1 ) a wat] front ( #c miles4 ,! p>k is b\nd$ by a motor drive1 :i* is l9$ ) ,japanese *]ry trees4 ,a canal to cross ! p>k1 connect+ ,wa%+ton ,*annel ) ! ,potomac ,riv]1 is 9 plan4 ,,japanese ,,*]ry ,,trees ,! ,japanese *]ry trees along ! ,tidal ,bas9 & ! ,potomac ,p>k ,driveway attract ?\s&s ( visitors to ,wa%+ton dur+ ! *]ry blossom season1 :i* is e>ly 9 ,april ( ea* ye>4 ,!y are ! gift ( ! city ( ,tokyo to ! ,national ,capital4 ,^u arrival ! fir/ consignm5t ( #b1jjj trees 0 f\nd to be infect$ by fung\s diseases & insect pe/s1 & !reupon !y 7 de/roy$4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #aiaa-ab ! city ( ,tokyo r5ew$ ! gift1 & 9 ,m>*1 #aiab1 a consignm5t ( #c1jbj trees arriv$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,^! 7 exam9$ by exp]ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & pron\nc$ heal?y specim5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]idian ,,hill ,,p>k--,,upp] ,,g>d5 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]idian ,,hill ,,p>k--,,l[] ,,g>d5 ,arrangem5ts 7 made imm$iately = plant+ !m4 ,mrs4 ,william ,h[>d ,taft plant$ ! fir/ tree & ,visc\ntess ,*9da ! second e>ly 9 ,april4 ,:5 ! news 0 receiv$ 9 ,japan t ! trees _h be5 successfully plant$1 ! foll[+ message f ,mayor ,ozaki1 ( ,tokyo1 0 receiv$3 ,x w rema9 to ! citiz5s ( ,tokyo a pleas+ memory z well z civic pride t _! small (f]+ w be p]mitt$ to contribute to ! advancem5t ( ! beautiful ,capital ( ! great ,republic :i* !y all admire4 ,! *]ry trees ( ,wa%+ton are almo/ entirely ( ! fl[]+ species1 ( ! s+le & d\ble blossom v>ieties2 ! =m]1 plant$ at ! edge ( ! ,tidal ,bas91 appe> fir/4 ,!re !y are ne>1 also1 to ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t & ! ,l9coln ,memorial1 & ) _! t9t$ blossoms pres5t a *>m+ vi/a4 ,! d\ble-fl[]+ v>iety 9 ,ea/ ,potomac ,p>k appe>s ab\t two weeks lat]4 ,,m]idian ,,hill ,,p>k ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k is locat$ betwe5 ,fifte5? & ,sixte5? & ,w & ,euclid ,/reets ,,nw4 ,x comprises ab\t #ab acres4 ,! design = improv+ ! p>k has be5 complet$ & approv$ & a l>ge-scale model ( ! s\!rn portion prep>$ = special /udy 9 c>ry+ out ! details4 ,9 design ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k is simil> to an ,italian g>d51 conta9+ an upp] & a l[] g>d51 & z a =mal g>d5 ( its k9d !re is no o!r l x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! upp] g>d5 ext5ds f ,euclid ,/reet ab\t #ijj feet s\? on a practically level /ret* ( mall to ! gr& t]race1 :i* =ms ! cross axis ( ! p>k4 ,conc]t groves & prom5ades1 ) ni*es = /atues & monum5ts 9 ! hemlock h$ge1 are features ( ! upp] g>d54 ,?is "p ( ! p>k has be5 = ! mo/ "p complet$4 ,f ! t]race a comm&+ view ( ! city is obta9$4 ,imm$iately to ! s\? is a cascade1 desc5d+ to a pool 9 ! l[] g>d54 ,ea/ ( ! pool !re is a /atue ( ,presid5t ,bu*anan1 erect$ by au?ority ( ,congress z ! gift ( ,h>riet ,lane ,john/on to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! l[] g>d5 !re is also a great ex$ra1 =m+ ! ma9 po9t f :i* to view ! cascades4 ,along ! sides ( ! l[] g>d5 are walks amid/ plant+1 lead+ to ! upp] g>d54 ,! ma9 entrance to ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k is on ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,a tablet "h sugge/s ! "n giv5 to ! p>k4 ,x be>s ?is inscription3 ,,! ,,/one ,,m>k+ ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,m]idian ,,0 ,,=m]ly ,,locat$ #eb ,,feet #i ,,in*es ,,we/ ,,( ,,?is ,,tablet1 ,,:i* ,,0 ,,pres5t$ ,,by ,,! ,,army ,,& ,,navy ,,*apt] ,,( ,,! ,,daught]s ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,revolution1 #ahjd-aibc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,rock ,,creek ,,p>k ,on ! gr& t]race is a copy ( ! fam\s ,dubois /atue ( ,jeanne d',arc1 giv5 by ! ,socit des ,femmes de ,france ,new ,york to ! ,national ,capital4 ,!re is also a /atue ( ,dante 9 ! l[] g>d51 ! gift ( ,*evali] ,c>lo ,b>sotti1 editor ( a lead+ ,italian newspap] ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,an armill>y sph]e is 9 ! great ex$ra ( ! l[] g>d54 ,:ile a million doll>s c\ld n buy ! l& occupi$ by ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k1 x is ( int]e/ to "k t = ! #aaj acres1 :i* ext5d$ f :at is n[ ,florida ,av5ue to ,columbia ,road & ea/ ( ,sixte5? ,/reet1 ,commodore ,port] paid #ac1jjj 9 #ahaf4 ,,rock ,,creek ,,p>k ,"o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful natural p>ks 9 ! _w is ,rock ,creek ,p>k1 ext5d+ f ! ,william ,h[>d ,taft ,bridge nor?w>d to ! b\nd>y l9e ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & compris+ #a1fcb acres4 ,congress au?oriz$ ! creation ( ! p>k 9 #ahij1 ) an appropriation ( #aj1jjj4 ,adjac5t to ! p>k is ! ,national ,zoological ,p>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,joaqu9 ,,mill] ,,cab9 ,,9 ,,rock ,,creek ,,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,anaco/ia ,,p>k ,,anaco/ia ,,p>k ,! plan = ! developm5t ( ?is project provides = ! reclamation ( :at are kn[n z ! ,anaco/ia ,flats1 along ! ,anaco/ia ,riv]1 on ! ea/ side ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 into ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 ( #a1ajj acres4 ,! di/ance f ! po9t ne> ! ,w> ,college to ! ,di/rict l9e is ab\t #f miles4 ,! p>k w be "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful wat]side p>ks 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! break+ ( gr\nd = ! p>k took place ,augu/ #b1 #aibc4 ,z has be5 relat$1 m ?an ?ree c5turies ago1 or 9 ! summ] ( #afjh1 ,capt4 ,john ,smi?1 9 an exploration ( ! tribut>ies ( ! ,*esapeake ,bay1 l&$ on ^! v banks4 ,he f\nd a tribe ( peaceful ,indians1 ! ,nacot*tant 7,anaco/ans71 numb]+ "s #hj m51 k9d & well dispos$1 :o did _! be/ to cont5t ,capta9 ,smi? & 8 fell[ explor]s4 ,^! ,indians no d\bt made _! home 9 ?is neighborhood on acc\nt ( ! abundance ( game4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ wat]-lily g>d5s1 ! ,%aw ,lily ,g>d5s1 is situat$ opposite ,m\nt ,hamilton1 on ! ea/ side ( ! ,anaco/ia ,riv]4 ,x is ?\ght ^! ultimately w become "p ( ! ,anaco/ia ,p>k4 ,! ,anaco/ia is also a popul> place = fi%+1 & x is expect$ fi% ponds w be e/abli%$ !re lat]4 ,a l>ge /adium & playgr\nd at ! end ( ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet1 adjo9+ ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 is propos$4 ,! ,national ,arboretum w be adjac5t to x f ,m\nt ,hamilton ea/w>d4 ,,national ,,arboretum ,! movem5t to e/abli% a ,national ,arboretum 0 fir/ def9itely propos$ by ,hon4 ,james ,wilson1 ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 9 8 report = ! fiscal ye> #ahii-- ,"o 9 :i* c be br\ght toge!r = /udy all ! trees t w gr[ 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 99 99 99 furni%+ complete mat]ial = ! inve/igations ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & s manag$ z to be a p]5nial means ( botanical education4 ,9 #aiah ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,h\se ,committee on ! ,libr>y1 made a /udy ( ! problem ( ! location ( a propos$ botanical g>d5 & arboretum4 ,aft] an elaborate /udy1 conduct$ ) ! help ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ! commission recomm5d$ ! pur*ase ( ,m\nt ,hamilton & adjac5t l&1 & ,hickey ,hill1 toge!r ) ! l&s betwe5 ^? heights & ! ,anaco/ia m>%es1 9 nor!a/ ,wa%+ton4 ,! report ( ! commission enc\nt]$ opposition1 b its logic has prevail$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,national ,,arboretum ,,prep>$ ,,by ,,! ,,national ,,commission ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts ,! act provid+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,national ,arboretum1 approv$ ,m>* #d1 #aibg1 is "o ( ! few measures t surviv$ ! filibu/] 9 ! ,s5ate on ! clos+ day ( t session1 because ( ! untir+ ef=ts ( ,s5ator ,*>les ,l4 ,mc,nary1 ( ,oregon1 *airman ( ! ,s5ate ,committee on ,agriculture & ,=e/ry4 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,luce1 *airman ( ! ,committee on ! ,libr>y1 h&l$ ! bill 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,! sum ( #cjj1jjj 0 au?oriz$ by ! act = ! ,national ,arboretum1 & ?is am\nt 0 subsequ5tly appropriat$4 ,! act provid$ also = ! appo9tm5t by ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture ( an advisory c\ncil 9 relation to ! plan & developm5t ( ! ,national ,arboretum4 ,to s]ve on ?is c\ncil ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture appo9t$ ! foll[+ p]sons3 ,fr$]ic ,a4 ,delano1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,reg5ts1 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,h5ry ,s4 ,graves1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 dean ( ! ,s*ool ( ,=e/ry1 ,yale ,univ]sity2 fell[ ( ! ,society ( ,am]ican ,=e/]s2 & =m]ly presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association4 ,h>lan ,p4 ,kelsey1 ,salem1 ,mass41 memb] & =m] presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,nurs]ym54 ,john ,c4 ,m]riam1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 presid5t ( ! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton2 memb] ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces & ( ! ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,mrs4 ,frank ,b4 ,noyes1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 *airman ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia committee ( ! ,g>d5 ,club ( ,am]ica4 ,fr$]ick ,law ,olm/$1 ,brookl9e1 ,mass41 memb] & =m] presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,society ( ,l&scape ,ar*itects4 ,mrs4 ,h>old ,i4 ,pratt1 ,gl5 ,cove1 ,long ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 secret>y ( ! ,g>d5 ,club ( ,am]ica4 ,rob]t ,pyle1 ,we/ ,grove1 ,pa41 presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,society & a director ( ! ,society ( ,am]ican ,flori/s & ,ornam5tal ,horticulturi/s4 ,v]non ,kellogg1 p]man5t secret>y ( ! ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,x is propos$ to pur*ase ab\t #ejj acres1 #djj ( :i*1 includ+ ,m\nt ,hamilton & adjac5t portions ( ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 h already be5 secur$4 ,?irty-two di/9ct v>ieties ( soils suit$ to ! gr[? ( trees & plants h be5 f\nd 9 ?is area4 ,due to mild climatic conditions 9 ,wa%+ton1 at ! gateway ( ! ,s\?1 :]e !re is nei!r ! extreme cold ( ! ,nor? nor ! extreme heat ( ! ,s\?1 _m v>ieties ( trees & plants ( bo? ,nor? & ,s\? w gr[1 mak+ x "o ( ! mo/ favorable localities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,national ,arboretum4 ,_m c\ntries :i* h e/abli%$ an arboretum 9 _! capital cities h provid$ n only an attractive place ( public int]e/ b also ! s\rce ( millions ( doll>s 9 rev5ue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol ,,^u ,,its ,,re/oration1 #ahbg ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,ar*itecture ,,( ,,e>ly ,,days ,,! ,,capitol ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,( ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,by ,,?ornton1 #ahjj ,:5 ! seat ( gov]nm5t 0 mov$ f ,philadelphia to ,wa%+ton 9 ! ye> #ahjj !re _h be5 erect$ = ! purposes ( ! ,gov]nm5t a small rectangul> build+1 famili>ly kn[n to-day z ! ,supreme ,c\rt section ( ! ,capitol1 & 9 ?is build+ 7 h\s$ ! ,s5ate1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 ! c\rts ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ! libr>y1 n[ kn[n z ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,s\? ( ?is build+ 0 a l>ge vacant space1 practically ! ext5sion ( ,ea/ ,capitol ,/reet4 ,?r\gh ?is area p f ! we/]n & ea/]n p>ts ( ! city pass$ to & fro4 ,conv5i5tly locat$ 9 t section n[ occupi$ by ! c5tral portion 7 two wells1 :i* = _m ye>s furni%$ wat] to citiz5s resid+ 9 t vic9ity1 = ! ,capitol ,gr\nds 7 !n occupi$ by resid5ces4 ,s\? ( ?is vacant space 7 ! f\ndations ( ano!r build+1 equal 9 area & int5d$ to comp>e 9 cubic cont5ts ) ! portion already erect$ & occupi$4 ,= "s "t aft] ! inauguration ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son b little 0 done t[>d ! erection ( ! s\!rn build+1 n[ kn[n z ! ,/atu>y ,hall section1 except t ! f\ndation walls progress$ sl[ly1 & )9 ! area ( ^! walls !re 0 built a #a-/ory elliptical-%ap$ build+ ( brick con/ruction1 kn[n to ! p ( t p]iod z 8,! ,ov510 design$ = ! accommodation ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & occupi$ until #ahjg1 :5 ! ,hall ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 0 complet$4 ,9 #ahjj !re 7 #cb ,s5ators & #ajf ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,f ,,p5nsylvania ,,av5ue1 #ahcj ,illu/ration3 ,,capitol1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,tripoli ,,column ,?omas ,jeff]son s\ght ! assi/ance ( ! be/ tal5t ( ! c\ntry to complete ! ,capitol1 & on ,m>* #f1 #ahjc1 appo9t$ ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,latrobe1 ^: fame z an ar*itect _h caus$ 8 s]vices to be 9 su* great dem& 9 sev]al cities t he c\ld n imm$iately take up 8 resid5ce 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,b he arrang$ to assume ! duties ( ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol by p]sonal visits to ! city & made a ?or\gh /udy ( ! plans = ! ,capitol4 ,! plans = ! ,hall ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives z develop$ by ,mr4 ,latrobe requir$ sculptural decoration1 & ?is 0 made ! subject ( an int]e/+ lett] on ,m>* #f1 #ahje1 address$ to ,philip ,mazzei1 an ,italian physician1 ask+ = assi/ance 9 select+ a sculptor3 ,by direction ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,i take ! lib]ty to apply to y = y\r assi/ance 9 procur+ = u ! s]vices ( a good sculptor 9 ! erection ( ! public build+s 9 ?is city1 especially ! ,capitol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s5ate ,,*amb]1 #ahcj ,illu/ration3 ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,*amb]1 #ahcj ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se ,! ,capitol 0 begun at a "t :5 ! c\ntry 0 entirely de/itute ( arti/s1 & ev5 ( good workm5 9 ! bran*es ( ar*itecture1 ^u :i* ! sup]iority ( public ov] private build+s dep5ds4 ,! nor? w+1 !re=e1 :i* is c>ri$ up1 al?\gh ! ext]ior is rem>kably well f9i%$ z to ! masonry1 is n a good build+4 ,= two or ?ree ye>s aft] ! removal ( ,congress to ?is city ! public works 7 entirely discont9u$4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjc1 h[ev]1 !y 7 resum$1 & "u ! patronage ( ! ,presid5t & ! annual appropriations by ,congress ! s\? w+ ( ! ,capitol has be5 begun & c>ri$ on4 ,x is n[ s f> advanc$ z to make x necess>y t we %\ld h z e>ly z possible ! assi/ance ( a good sculptor ( ar*itectural decorations 99 99 994 ,! pr9cipal sculpture requir$ 0 #bd ,cor9?ian capitals1 #b feet #d in*es 9 diamet] at _! feet & op5 enri*$ entablatures ( #adg feet 7bo? ,engli% measure7 9 l5g?4 ,also five panels 7tavole7 enri*$ ) foliage & an eagle ( colossal size 9 ! frieze1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! tips ( ! ext5d$ w+s to be #ab feet #f in*es4 ,z to mat]ial1 yell[i% s&/one ( f9e gra9 0 to be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan1 ,,9 ,,black1 ,,%[+ ,,"p ,,fir/ ,,occupi$ ,,by ,,congress1 #ahjj ,! lat] hi/ory ( ! ,capitol w be f\nd on page #bai4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se ,! mo/ def9ite description ( ! ,:ite ,h\se z x exi/$ dur+ its e>li] days is to be f\nd 9 ,am]ican ,sc5]y1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #ahdj & edit$ by ,na?aniel ,p>k] ,willis1 :o writes z foll[s3 ,! resid5ce ( ! ,*ief ,magi/rate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates resembles ! c\ntry seat ( an ,engli% nobleman 9 its ar*itecture & size2 b x is to be regrett$ t ! p>allel ceases :5 we come to ! gr\nds4 ,by itself x is a commodi\s & cr$itable build+1 s]v+ its purpose )\t too mu* /ate = a republican c\ntry1 yet likely1 z long z ! c\ntry exi/s )\t primog5iture & rank1 to be suffici5tly sup]ior to all o!r dwell+ h\ses to m>k x z ! resid5ce ( ! ,nation's *ief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,%[+ ,,t]race ,,on ,,s\? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se1 #ahbg ,! ,presid5t's ,h\se /&s ne> ! c5t] ( an area ( "s #bj acres1 occupy+ a v advantage\s elevation1 op5 to ! view ( ! ,potomac & ab\t #dd feet above high wat]1 & possess+ f its balcony "o ( ! lovelie/ prospects 9 our c\ntry--! junction ( ! two bran*es ( ! ,potomac :i* bord] ! ,di/rict & ! swell+ & v>i$ %ores beyond ( ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,! build+ is #agj feet front & #hf deep & is built ( :ite free/one1 ) ,ionic pila/]s1 compreh5d+ two l(ty /ories1 ) a /one balu/rade4 ,! nor? front is ornam5t$ ) a portico su/a9$ by f\r ,ionic columns1 ) ?ree columns ( projection1 ! out] int]columniation af=d+ a %elt] = c>riages to drive "u4 ,! g>d5 front on ! riv] is v>i$ by :at is call$ a ru/icat$ basem5t /ory1 9 ! ,ionic /yle1 & by a semicircul> project+ colonnade ( six columns1 ) two spaci\s & airy flights ( /eps lead+ to a balu/rade on ! level ( ! pr9cipal /ory4 ,! int]ior ( ! ,presid5t's ,h\se is well dispos$ & possesses "o sup]b reception room & two oval draw+-rooms 7"o 9 ea* /ory7 ( v beautiful proportions4 ,! o!r rooms are n rem>kable1 & !re is an inequality 9 ! furniture ( ! :ole h\se 7ow+ to ! unwill+ness & piecemeal mann] ) :i* ,congress votes any moneys = its decoration7 :i* de/roys its effect z a com=table dwell+4 ,! oval rooms are c>pet$ ) ,gobel9 tape/ry1 work$ ) ! national emblems1 & are altoge!r 9 a m consi/5t /yle ?an ! o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,x is to be hop$ t ,congress w n always consid] ! furniture ( ! ,presid5t's ,h\se z ! scapegoat ( all sumptu>y & ari/ocratic s9s1 & t we %all soon be able to introduce /rang]s n only to a com=table & well-appo9t$1 b to a prop]ly s]v$ & nicely kept1 ,presid5tial ,mansion4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se z x is at pres5t is describ$ on page #bfa4 ,,octagon ,,h\se ,octagon ,h\se is a beautiful example ( e>ly ,am]ican ar*itecture4 ,x is situat$ at ! corn] ( ,eighte5? ,/reet & ,new ,york ,av5ue ,,nw41 two blocks we/ ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & 0 built 9 ! ye> #ahjj by ,col4 ,john ,tayloe f designs by ! ,ar*itect ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capitol1 ,dr4 ,william ,?ornton4 ,x is said ,presid5t ,wa%+ton himself select$ ! site = 8 fri5d4 ,! build+ is a f9e1 octagonal brick /ructure1 ,georgian 9 design1 ) a c5tral circul> hall & a notewor?y /aircase4 ,! mat]ials us$ 9 its con/ruction1 includ+ beautiful sculptur$ mantels1 7 br\ght f ,engl&4 ,g>d5s surr\nd$ x1 & ! old brick /ables & smokeh\se /ill close ! vi/a f ! /air l&+4 ,! h\se 0 ! c5t] ( (ficial & social life z ! home ( ! ,tayloe family4 ,x a*iev$ p>ticul> di/9ction :5 us$ z ! ,executive ,mansion by ,presid5t ,madison = m ?an a ye> aft] ! burn+ ( ! ,:ite ,h\se by ! ,briti% 9 #ahad4 ,! build+ 0 lat] us$ at v>i\s times z a ,gov]nm5t (fice build+4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ,hydrographic ,(fice1 ) its draft+ rooms1 0 locat$ !re1 & ! build+ 0 also us$ = /orage4 ,dur+ ! #aci ye>s x appe>s to h suff]$ little f damage & det]ioration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,octagon ,,h\se ,! ,octagon ,h\se became ! home ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects on ,janu>y #a1 #ahii1 ?r\gh ! p>ticul> ef=ts ( ,*>les ,f4 ,mc,kim1 ,cass ,gilb]t1 & ,frank ,miles ,day1 =m] presid5ts ( ! in/itute1 & complete own]%ip ( ! prop]ty 0 acquir$ 9 ! ye> #aijb4 ,"o ( its pres5t treasures is ! table on :i* ! treaty ( ,gh5t 0 sign$ by ,presid5t ,madison4 ,,dolly ,,madison ,,h\se ,! ,dolly ,madison ,h\se1 at ! corn] ( ,h ,/reet & ,madison ,place ,,nw41 adjac5t to ,lafayette ,squ>e1 0 built by ,dolly ,madison's bro!r-9-law 9 #ahah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dolly ,,madison ,,h\se ,aft] ! dea? ( ,presid5t ,madison 9 #ahcc ,mrs4 ,madison return$ to ,wa%+ton & resid$ 9 ! h\se until h] dea? 9 #ahdi4 ,9 h] day x 0 a little gray resid5ce1 b a place :]e %e presid$ z a *>m+ ho/ess = _m ye>s4 ,! pur*ase by ,congress ( ! ,madison ,pap]s = #cj1jjj made x possible = h] to live !re4 ,born 9 ! ye> #agfh1 %e became intimately acqua9t$ ) _m :o took "p 9 ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 & ?r\gh h] long life l9k$ h] g5]ation ) t ( ! pres5t day4 ,among ! m5 & wom5 ( importance :o 7 frequ5t visitors 9 h] home1 :o ex]t$ an influ5ce to /r5g!n ! seat ( gov]nm5t & became not$ *>act]s 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 7 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,h5ry ,clay1 ,daniel ,web/]1 ,mrs4 ,alex&] ,hamilton1 ,mrs4 ,/eph5 ,decatur1 ,mrs4 ,william ,?ornton1 ,mrs4 ,tobias ,le>1 & ,g54 ,john ,pet] ,van ,ness4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> ! h\se 0 occupi$ by ,g54 ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan1 at t "t 9 comm& ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 & ab\t ! ye> #ahhe ! h\se 0 pur*as$ by ! ,cosmos ,club1 :i* n[ occupies x4 ,,decatur ,,h\se ,! ,decatur ,h\se1 locat$ at ! corn] ( ,h ,/reet & ,jackson ,place ,,nw41 0 design$ by ,b5jam9 ,latrobe & built ab\t #ahai by ,commodore ,/eph5 ,decatur1 x is said1 f ,b>b>y pirates' prize money4 ,illu/ration3 ,,decatur ,,h\se ,sc>cely _h ! h\se be5 complet$ & ?r\gh ! trophies ( ! naval h]o made a place ( great int]e/ :51 on ,m>* #bb1 #ahbj1 ,decatur 0 mortally w\nd$ 9 a duel ) ,commodore ,james ,b>ron :i* took place at ,blad5sburg1 ,md4 ,decatur di$ 9 8 home t night & 0 buri$ at ,kalorama1 a prom95t e/ate 9 ^? days 9 nor?we/ ,wa%+ton4 ,!reupon ,h5ry ,clay1 :o 0 !n a ,memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & subsequ5tly ,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 ! ,cab9et ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 occupi$ ! ,decatur ,h\se4 ,aft] ! ,civil ,w> ! h\se 0 b\ght by ,g54 ,edw>d ,h4 ,beale1 a fri5d ( ,g5]al ,grant4 ,x 0 inh]it$ by ,truxton ,beale1 :o resid$ !re _m ye>s4 ,,o!r ,,hi/orical ,,h\ses ,o!r h\ses adjac5t to ,lafayette ,squ>e & ! ,:ite ,h\se gr\nds :i* became hi/orically important 73 ,! ,cam]on ,h\se1 adjac5t to ! ,dolly ,madison ,h\se1 0 built 9 #ahbh by ,b5jam9 ,ogle ,tayloe4 ,lat] x 0 alt]$ some:at to suit ! f9e ta/e ( ,mrs4 ,cam]on1 wife ( ,james ,donald ,cam]on1 :o s]v$ z a ,s5ator f ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania f #ahgg to #ahig4 ,! ,cam]on ,h\se to-day is occupi$ by ! ,cosmos ,club1 :i*1 z has be5 /at$1 also occupies ! ,dolly ,madison ,h\se4 ,! beautiful g>d5s surr\nd+ x are a s\rce ( mu* pleasure4 ,! ,van ,ness ,mansion =m]ly /ood on ! site n[ occupi$ by ! ,pan ,am]ican ,build+1 ne> ,sev5te5? ,/reet & ,con/itution ,av5ue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,van ,,ness ,,mansion ,! ,rodg]s ,h\se 0 occupi$ by ,secret>y ( ,/ate ,sew>d at ! "t he & 8 son 7 ne>ly fatally /abb$ on ! night ,presid5t ,l9coln 0 assass9at$4 ,9 #ahie ! h\se 0 torn d[n to make way = an op]a h\se1 call$ ! ,lafayette ,squ>e ,op]a ,h\se1 & lat] ! ,belasco ,!at]4 ,john ,hay1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,presid5ts ,mc,kinley & ,roosevelt1 liv$ at ,sixte5? & ,h ,/reets4 ,! home ( ,george ,bancr(t 0 at ,no4 #afbc ,h ,/reet4 ,"h he complet$ 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lock ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,*esapeake ,,& ,,ohio ,,canal1 ,,georget[n ,! hi/orian ,h5ry ,adams1 gr&son ( ,presid5t ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 liv$ at #afje ,h ,/reet4 ,"l ,a%burton liv$ 9 ! l>ge squ>e h\se next to ! old ,arl+ton ,hotel1 at ,h ,/reet & ,v]mont ,av5ue4 ,*>les ,sumn] also liv$ ne> by4 ,! ,corcoran ,h\se /ood at ! corn] ( ,h ,/reet & ,connecticut ,av5ue1 :]e n[ /&s ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 t h\se ,daniel ,web/] liv$ :ile ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,presid5ts ,william ,h5ry ,h>rison & ,za*>y ,taylor4 ,! orig9al ,corcoran ,gall]y ( ,art ,build+ /&s at ! corn] ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,sev5te5? ,/reet4 ,no4 #bb ,jackson ,place1 n[ ! home ( ! ,wom5's ,city ,club1 0 ! h\se ( ,presid5t ,polk's ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ,william ,l4 ,m>cy4 ,! h\se 0 occupi$ by ,presid5t & ,mrs4 ,roosevelt = a few mon?s :ile ! ,:ite ,h\se 0 be+ re/or$ 9 #aija4 ,,georget[n ,georget[n 0 laid out pursuant to an act ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,m>yl& dat$ ,june #h1 #agea1 pass$ 9 response to a petition ( a numb] ( inhabitants1 :o /at$ t 8!re 0 a conv5i5t place = a t[n on ! ,potomac ,riv] above ! m\? ( ,rock ,creek10 & recomm5d$ t #fj acres be !re laid out = a t[n4 ,! t[n 0 nev] incorporat$ z a city1 b 0 commonly call$ ! city ( ,georget[n z a consequ5ce ( ! casual ref]5ce to x by t title 9 num]\s acts ( ,congress4 ,! g5]al supposition is t ,georget[n 0 s nam$ 9 honor ( ,george ,,ii1 !n ! reign+ sov]eign ( ,great ,brita91 b x is also cont5d$ t x 0 nam$ z a complim5t to ,george ,gordon & ,george ,beall1 ! own]s ( ! #fj-;acre tract1 & f :om ! site 0 obta9$4 ,! t[n 0 subsequ5tly survey$ & divid$ into #hj lots4 ,on ,decemb] #be1 #aghi1 ! t[n 0 incorporat$ by an act ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,m>yl&1 ) a mayor1 record]1 ald]m51 & common c\ncil4 ,! fir/ mayor 0 appo9t$ = a t]m ( "o ye>1 to comm5ce ,janu>y #a1 #agij4 ,! /reets 9 ! "p ( ,georget[n laid out "u ! act ( ,june #h1 #agea1 7 acquir$ by ! public 9 practically ! same mann] 9 :i* ! title to ! orig9al /reets ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton 0 d]iv$4 ,georget[n 0 enl>g$ by num]\s additions1 until1 z calculat$ by ! surveyor ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 x embrac$ ab\t #edc acres4 ,its *>t] 0 revok$ by ! act ( ,congress ( ,febru>y #ba1 #ahga1 by :i* its "n 0 reta9$ z a topographical designation until its consolidation ) ,wa%+ton by ! act ( ,febru>y #aa1 #ahie1 :i* /at$ x 8%all be kn[n z & %all con/itute a "p ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton40 ,by ?is act ! ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 7 au?oriz$ to *ange ! names ( ! /reets & av5ues ( ,georget[n to con=m to ^? ( ,wa%+ton z f> z practicable4 ,at ! "t ( ! consolidation ! population ( ,georget[n 0 ab\t #ae1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,aqu$uct ,,bridge ,illu/ration3 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key ,,bridge ,soon aft] its e/abli%m5t ,georget[n became a prom95t port1 & "o ( ! int]e/+ places !re to-day is ! old cu/omh\se4 ,a numb] ( mills1 ! ru9s ( :i* c /ill be se51 7 !re4 ,x is said t fl\r %ipp$ 9 colonial times f ,georget[n to ,europe 0 s good t consignees did n ?9k x necess>y to op5 ! b>rels = inspection4 ,tobacco & corn 7 ! two o!r *ief exports4 ,georget[n ,univ]sity 0 e/abli%$ 9 #aghi1 ! ye> ,george ,wa%+ton 0 inaugurat$ z ! fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,republic4 ,! ,*esapeake & ,ohio ,canal1 #ahb miles long1 comm5c$ 9 #ahbh1 _h its beg9n+ 9 ,georget[n4 ,x co/ #ac1jjj1jjj4 ,georget[n's exports 9 #agib am\nt$ to #cdh1eci4 ,mu* coal 0 also %ipp$ to ,alex&ria = t[ns on ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,georget[n also became not$ = ! _m f9e h\ses :i* 7 built !re1 su* z ,tudor ,place1 ,woodley1 ! ,oaks1 ,montrose1 ! ,b[ie ,mansion1 & ,bellevue1 lat] kn[n z ! ,ritt5h\se ,mansion4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 :ile h\ses 9 ! new ,f$]al ,city 7 be+ built1 _m ,memb]s ( ,congress pref]r$ to travel ! du/y road f ! ,capitol to ,georget[n because ( ! suitable resid5ces !re 9 :i* !y c\ld live4 ,among ! mansions ne> ,georget[n1 to be m5tion$ "h1 is ,arl+ton ,mansion 7describ$ fully on page #cji71 built 9 #ahjb by ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is1 ! adopt$ son ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton4 ,! orig9al ,arl+ton e/ate compris$ #f1jjj acres4 ,! design ( ! portico ( ! h\se resembles t ( ! ,temple ( ,!seus at ,a!ns1 :i* /&s to-day "o ( ! be/-pres]v$ build+s ( antiquity4 ,mr4 ,cu/is liv$ !re till 8 dea? 9 #aheg4 ,he ent]ta9$ ,lafayette at ,arl+ton dur+ 8 visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahbd4 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key ,,mansion ,! ,francis ,scott ,key ,mansion1 at ,georget[n1 /&s remodel$ z a /ore build+ on old ,bridge ,/reet1 n[ ,m ,/reet1 "o-half block f ! ,francis ,scott ,key ,bridge4 ,orig9ally x 0 a #c-/ory 8colonial0 brick build+1 :i* /ood !re z su* until ab\t ! ye> #aiag1 :5 ! ,francis ,scott ,key ,bridge 0 built to replace ! old ,aqu$uct ,bridge4 ,ent]+ ! front door at ! left ( ! build+1 !re 0 a spaci\s hall ext5d+ ?r\gh ! entire h\se4 ,at ! "r ( ! hall 7 two l>ge p>lors4 ,9 ! basem5t 0 ! d9+ room1 kit*51 & 8cold room10 a room brick$ up & us$ z a refrig]ator & pantry4 ,9 ! second /ory 7 two l>ge b$rooms & a l>ge hall4 ,! ?ird /ory conta9$ f\r b$rooms4 ,! w9d[ frames 7 small1 #d by #f in*es1 support$ 9 heavy sa%es1 z 0 ! cu/om 9 build+ su* h\ses4 ,9 ! re> ( ! h\se 0 a beautiful g>d51 :i* slop$ gracefully to ! riv]4 ,! ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal 0 lat] built ?r\gh x4 ,?is area is n[ occupi$ by factories1 w>eh\ses1 & /ore build+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key ,,h\se ,mr4 ,key1 an attorney & poet1 liv$ "h ) 8 family _m ye>s1 & resid$ "h at ! "t ( ! bomb>dm5t ( ,=t ,mc,henry4 ,ne> by 0 8 law (fice1 a little brick build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,days ,,9 ,,georget[n ,,on ,,old ,,bridge 7,m7 ,,/reet ,9 #ahad1 :ile ! ,briti% fleet 0 9 ,*esapeake ,bay1 ,mr4 ,key attempt$ to secure ! release ( 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,william ,beane1 ( ,m>lboro1 ,md41 :o _h be5 captur$4 ,he 0 held on %ipbo>d dur+ ! %ell+ ( ,=t ,mc,henry on ! night ( ,septemb] #ac4 ,key's anxiety became int5se4 ,) ! fir/ approa* ( dawn ,mr4 ,key turn$ 8 eyes 9 ! direction ( ! =t & its flag1 b d>kness _h giv5 place to a heavy fog4 ,f9ally1 ?r\gh a vi/a 9 ! smoke & vapor he c\ld dimly see ! flag ( 8 c\ntry4 ,ov]joy$ & inspir$ by ! sight1 he compos$ ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]4 ,?is is n[ our national an!m by an act ( ,congress approv$ ,m>* #c1 #aica1 z foll[s3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ,congress assembl$1 ,t ! composition consi/+ ( words & music kn[n z ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] is designat$ ! national an!m ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! hi/oric flag t flew ov] ,=t ,mc,henry is on exhibition at ! ,hi/orical ,museum ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,,tudor ,,place ,illu/ration3 ,,tudor ,,place1 ,,?irty-,,fir/ ,,& ,q ,,/reets ,tudor ,place1 locat$ at ,?irty-fir/ & ,q ,/reets ,,nw41 is "o ( ! f9e examples ( ! ar*itecture ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,republic 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 design$ by ,dr4 ,william ,?ornton1 ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol1 & built ab\t #ahje by ,?omas ,pet]1 :o 0 "o ( ! orig9al l&[n]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,mr4 ,pet] m>ri$ ,m>?a ,p>ke ,cu/is1 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton's gr&daught]4 ,tudor ,place is /ill ! resid5ce ( l9eal desc5dants ( ,m>?a ,wa%+ton & conta9s _m heirlooms ( ! family4 ,g5]al ,lafayette & o!r di/+ui%$ visitors 7 ent]ta9$ "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rock ,,creek ,,*ur* ,tudor ,place to-day is well pres]v$1 & its g>d5s give x add$ beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tudor ,,place1 ,,%[+ ,,g>d5s ,,on ,,! ,,ea/ ,,side ,,rock ,,creek ,,*ur* 7,,/4 ,,paul',s7 ,,9 ,,rock ,,creek ,,cemet]y ,rock ,creek ,*ur* is to ! nor? ( ! ,soldi]s' ,home4 ,! orig9al build+ 0 erect$ by ! p ( ! ,ea/]n ,bran* & ,rock ,creek 9 #agai 9 :at 0 !n ,/4 ,paul's ,p>i%1 & 0 = _m ye>s ! olde/ p>i% *ur* 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x 0 rebuilt 9 #agge & remodel$ 9 #ahfh4 ,x burn$ on ,april #f1 #aiba1 b 0 aga9 rebuilt4 ,9 #agbf ! sep>ation ( ?is p>i% f ,/4 ,john's 7,georget[n7 m>k$ a religi\s era 9 ! future ,national ,capital4 ,( ! sev5 m5 appo9t$ to e/abli% ! t[n ( ,georget[n1 five 7 (fic]s ( ?is p>i%4 ,9 ! cemet]y surr\nd+ ! *ur* is ! fam\s ,adams ,memorial by ,sa9t-,gaud5s4 ,,*ri/ ,,*ur* ,al?\gh ,wa%+ton _h be5 plann$ z a city 9 #agia1 x did n become ! actual seat ( gov]nm5t until #ahjj4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 = ^? desir+ a ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,wa%+ton to apply to ! ,m>yl& ,assembly4 ,?is application 0 made & an act pass$ to =m a new p>i% to be kn[n z ,wa%+ton ,p>i%4 ,on ,may #be1 #agie1 a meet+ 0 held1 & ! p>i% ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,wa%+ton ,p>i%1 0 incorporat$ & ve/rym5 elect$4 ,at ?is meet+ ,rev4 ,george ,ralph 0 appo9t$ ! fir/ rector4 ,! fir/ s]vices 7 held 9 an old build+1 orig9ally us$ z a tobacco b>n1 locat$ on ,new ,j]sey ,av5ue ne> ,d ,/reet ,,se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,tobacco ,,b>n ,on ,may #f1 #ahjf1 two (f]s ( sites = a new *ur* 7 made4 ,! "o by ,william ,pr\t--! pres5t site--0 accept$1 & 9 #ahjg ! pres5t build+ 0 erect$4 ,?ree free pews 7 set aside--"o = ! use ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 "o = ,mr4 ,pr\t1 ! donor ( ! l&2 & ! ?ird = ! rector4 ,! *ur* /&s on ,g ,/reet1 ne> ,sev5? ,,se4 ,= _m ye>s ea* incom+ ,presid5t 0 notifi$ t a pew _h be5 res]v$ = 8 use4 ,dur+ _! t]ms ( (fice ,presid5ts ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 & ,monroe wor%ip$ 9 ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,dur+ all ^! ye>s ! fame ( ! *ur* has gr[n1 f its antiquity z ! "m *ur* ( ! ,capital & f its spiritual "w & m9i/rations4 ,a hi/ory ( ! p>i% w\ld n be complete )\t "s notice ( its bury+ gr\nd 7illu/rat$ on page #dd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ri/ ,,*ur* ,on ,m>* #cj1 #ahab1 ,h5ry ,+le de$$ to ,*ri/ ,*ur* ve/ry a squ>e ( gr\nd kn[n z squ>e #aaae1 & ! "n ( ,wa%+ton ,p>i% ,burial ,gr\nd 0 giv5 x4 ,on ,may #cj1 #ahdi1 ! ve/ry *ang$ x to ,wa%+ton ,cemet]y4 ,yet 9 popul> nom5clature x is kn[n z ,congressional ,cemet]y4 ,title c be trac$ back to its e>ly connection ) ! ,national ,legislature4 ,on ,april #ae1 #ahaf1 ! ve/ry assign$ #ajj sites = ! int]m5t ( deceas$ ,memb]s ( ,congress4 ,on ,decemb] #ae1 #ahbc1 #cjj m sites 7 donat$ = ! same purpose4 ,congress aft]w>ds b\ght m sites & erect$ small free/one c5otaphs1 :i* =m a conspicu\s feature1 made sundry appropriations = improvem5ts1 & began to add its "n to ! cemet]y4 ,_m ,congressm5 & ,gov]nm5t (ficials are buri$ !re1 includ+ ,tobias ,le>1 private secret>y & fri5d ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 :o di$ 9 #ahaf2 ,dr4 ,william ,?ornton1 :o drew ! orig9al plans ( ! ,capitol1 & di$ ,m>* #bh1 #ahbh2 ,george ,hadfield1 an assi/ant ar*itect ( ! ,capitol2 ,george ,cl9ton1 ( ,new ,york1 & ,elbridge ,g]ry1 ( ,massa*usetts1 ,vice ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! cemet]y1 locat$ at ,eighte5? ,/reet & ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue ,,se41 is adjac5t to ! ,anaco/ia ,riv] & comprises #cj acres4 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,*ur* ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*1 sometimes call$ ! ,presid5t's ,*ur*1 :ile n ! olde/ 9 ! city1 has a hi/ory :i* is unique4 ,probably no o!r *ur* ( any d5om9ation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has _h ?r\gh\t its hi/ory su* a di/+ui%$ ro/] ( communicants z has ,/4 ,john's1 locat$ at ,sixte5? & ,h ,/reets ,,nw4 ,! title1 ! 8,presid5t's ,*ur*10 0 d]iv$ 9 ?is way3 ,9 #ahaf1 be=e ! *ur* 0 consecrat$ or any pews sold1 a committee f ! ve/ry 0 in/ruct$ to make ! (f] ( a pew to ,presid5t ,madison4 ,he accept$ & !reaft] occupi$ pew ,no4 #bh ev5 m frequ5tly ?an 8 pew 9 ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,! cu/om ( pres]v+ a pew = ! ,presid5t has be5 cont9u$1 & a numb] h regul>ly wor%ip$ !re4 ,situat$ 9 ! he>t ( (ficial ,wa%+ton1 = a c5tury x has be5 ! place ( wor%ip ( ,presid5ts1 ,cab9et (fic]s1 di/+ui%$ soldi]s & diplomats1 & lead]s 9 ! pr(essional life ( ! city4 ,9 ! ye> #ahab !re 7 two ,episcopal *ur*es )9 ! pres5t city limits--,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,navy ,y>d1 & ,/4 ,john's1 ,georget[n4 ,!re 0 ne$ = a ?ird1 caus$ by ! fact t ! ,:ite ,h\se & dep>tm5tal build+s 7 erect$ at a po9t almo/ midway betwe5 ^! two4 ,wa%+ton 9 ^? days und\bt$ly seem$ a city ( magnific5t di/ances4 ,s1 on ,april #f1 #ahab1 a committee 0 appo9t$ by ! ve/ry ( ! "m p>i% ( ,*ri/ ,*ur* to meet ! situation4 ,!n came ! ,w> ( #ahab1 :5 bo? ! city & ! public build+s suff]$1 & x 0 n until ,septemb] #ad1 #ahae1 t ! corn] /one ( ,/4 ,john's1 ,wa%+ton1 0 laid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,*ur* ,jona?an ,elliott1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,di/rict publi%$ 9 #ahca1 said ( ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*3 ,x 0 built ( brick1 cov]$ ) r\gh /ucco1 9 ! =m ( a ,grecian cross2 b be+ too small = its congregation1 9 #ahbj x 0 enl>g$ by l5g!n+ its we/]n arm1 to ! =m ( a ,lat9 cross2 & a portico & t[] 7 also add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,view ,,( ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,*ur* ,! mo/ notable *anges 7 made 9 #ahfc1 :5 a sanctu>y 0 add$1 ! int]ior remodel$1 & _m f9e additions put 9 place4 ,s9ce t "t !re h be5 few *anges ( importance save 9 ! int]ior decorations & sanctu>y beautification4 ,! eye c n glance 9 any direction )\t see+ "s memorial4 ,ov] ! alt> is a brass cross1 commemorat+ ,presid5t ,ar?ur4 ,9 ! we/ wall is a w9d[ commemorat+ ,presid5ts ,madison1 ,monroe1 & ,van ,bur54 ,a w9d[ 9 ! ea/ wall commemorates ,presid5ts ,tyl]1 ,h>rison1 & ,taylor4 ,ov] ! s\? gall]y is a memorial w9d[ to ,g54 ,w9field ,scott4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! old *ur* is vibrant ( memories4 ,b ,/4 ,john's is f> f be+ entirely a *ur* ( memories4 ,x has made possible sev]al und]tak+s ( in/itutional "* 9 ! diocese4 ,,! ,,c\rts ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,c\r?\se is situat$ 9 ,judici>y ,squ>e1 along ,indiana ,av5ue1 fac+ s\?1 ) ,john ,m>%all ,place imm$iately 9 front ( x1 lead+ d[n a slope ( #cj feet to ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,x is ! old city hall1 n[ us$ = ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & is "o ( ! olde/ build+s 9 ! city4 ,design$ by ! ,engli% ar*itect1 ,george ,hadfield1 ! corn] /one 0 laid ,augu/ #bb1 #ahbj4 ,! build+ is #bej feet long1 #dg feet high1 & #aff feet deep4 ,ea* ( ! w+s is #ej feet wide4 ,its /yle resembles ! classical type ( ar*itecture :i* receiv$ an impetus dur+ ! p]iod f #ahcj to #ahdj1 :5 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ! old ,po/ ,(fice1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury ,build+s 7 erect$4 ,x 0 remodel$ by ! ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol1 & 9 #aibj1 a c5tury aft] ! corn] /one 0 laid1 0 (ficially r$$icat$ z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\r?\se4 ,x w be at ! head ( ! new municipal c5t] :i* has be5 au?oriz$ by ,congress to occupy f\r squ>es1 two on ea* side ( ,john ,m>%all ,place4 ,! ,di/rict ( ,columbia z ! seat ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 0 )\t a c\rt f #agia until ,febru>y #i1 #ahja4 ,9 ! latt] ye> ! ,circuit ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 organiz$ "u ! provisions ( ! act ( ,congress provid+ a judici>y = ! said ,di/rict4 ,f #agij until ! ye> #ahja all litigation aris+ )9 ! ,di/rict 0 dispos$ ( by ! ,m>yl& c\rts1 at ,annapolis4 ,! fir/ session ( ! circuit c\rt 0 held 9 ,m>ket ,squ>e1 ,alex&ria1 situat$ 9 ! t]ritory c$$ by ,virg9ia4 ,! fir/ session on ! ,m>yl& side 0 held 9 ,wa%+ton on ,m>* #bc1 #ahja1 9 ! old brick ,capitol1 occupy+ a room adjo9+ ! ,s5ate ,*amb] :i* _h be5 assign$ to ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! circuit c\rt 0 r nomadic1 occupy+ a numb] ( sites be=e ! city hall 0 f9ally built 9 #ahbj z its p]man5t home4 ,x 0 9 ! ,capitol at ! "t ( ! ,w> ( #ahab & 0 remov$ to 8,mr4 ,c>roll's h\se0 ne> ! ,capitol4 ,aft] ! w> ! c\rt return$ to ! ,capitol & sat cont9u\sly until #ahai4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh _m he>tbreak+ annoyances1 ! c\rt f9ally settl$ 9 ! build+ erect$ = municipal affairs & = ! local c\rts1 locat$ 9 :at is n[ kn[n z ,judici>y ,squ>e4 ,z "t progress$ ! judicial sy/em exp&$1 ! local gov]nm5t und]w5t radical *anges1 & ! edifice erect$ to h\se a dual t5ancy 0 acquir$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates & assign$ to ! circuit c\rt z a p]man5t home4 ,x rema9$ !re until ! c\rt 0 aboli%$ by ,congress on ,m>* #c1 #ahfc4 ,:5 ,presid5t ,l9coln ent]$ ! ,:ite ,h\se j be=e ! rupture betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\?1 he 0 n satisfi$ ) ! p]sonnel ( ! circuit c\rt4 ,he prevail$ ^u ,congress to aboli% ! circuit c\rt & provide = its successor--hi/ory h9ts ?is 0 a political move--& also t ! ,presid5t be support$ by a judicial sy/em ^u :i* he c\ld rely = complete loyalty to 8 adm9i/ration4 ,he believ$ t at lea/ two ( ! ju/ices 7 9 sympa?y ) ! ,s\? & w\ld use means to emb>rass 8 adm9i/ration4 ,! ?\ght 9 8 m9d 0 t m satisfaction c\ld be d]iv$ by ! abolition ( ! c\rt & ! enactm5t ( a new judicial sy/em entirely fri5dly to 8 ideas ( p]sonal lib]ty & ju/ice ?an ?r\gh ! susp5sion ( ! writ ( habeas corpus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,,supreme ,,c\rt ,,build+1 ,,by ,,george ,,hadfield4 ,congress compli$ ) ,presid5t ,l9coln's wi%es1 & on ,m>* #c1 #ahfc1 creat$ ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 giv+ him ! appo9tm5t ( ! new ju/ices & ! cl]k4 ,?is c\rt 0 to h all ! jurisdiction ( its pr$ecessor--:i* by /atute & decisions ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h great] p[]s ?an any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates circuit c\rts--n only a c\rt ( local jurisdiction1 b also a c\rt ( admiralty1 equity betwe5 resid5ts & nonresid5ts1 common-law jurisdiction1 & ! "r ( m&amus & common-law c]tior>i ov] all ,gov]nm5t (ficials1 ) an appellate bran* to be compos$ ( ?ree ( ! five ju/ices to review ! decisions ( its special t]ms4 ,on ,may #d1 #ahfc1 ! c\rt organiz$ & promulgat$ rules ( practice4 ,f t date until ,febru>y #i1 #ahic1 x held its appellate jurisdiction4 ,! memb]s ( ! b> previ\s to t date _h int]c$$ ) ,congress = a sep>ate c\rt ( appeals 9 ord] to circumv5t any comm5t aga9/ ! supreme c\rt ow+ to ! close association ( its ju/ices sitt+ z an appellate tribunal to review ! decisions ( _! bro!rs hold+ ! special t]ms4 ,?is 0 accompli%$4 ,on ,febru>y #i1ahic1 ! c\rt ( appeals 0 creat$4 ,x is n[ compos$ ( five ju/ices1 z aga9/ ?ree provid$ = 9 ! organic act4 ,) its probate c\rt--di/rict c\rt1 embrac+ admiralty1 condemnation ( adult]at$ articles "u ! pure-food act2 ! wid5+ ( /reets1 & ! condemnation ( alleys & privately own$ prop]ty = c>ry+ out ! enl>gem5t & beautification ( ,wa%+ton2 its purely local jurisdiction to settle disputes 9 equity & law2 ! jurisdiction ov] ,gov]nm5t (ficials & inf]ior c\rts ( ! ,di/rict--x is tax$ to ! limit ( human endeavor to keep up ) ! tide ( mod]n requirem5ts & hold all :o come )9 its jurisdiction to an ord]ly & legal c\rse ( conduct4 ,its op9ions h always receiv$ wide notice & are cont9ually quot$ 9 ,/ate & ,f$]al c\rts4 ,_m not$ cases h be5 dispos$ (1 z disclos$ by its records4 ,presid5t ,grant 0 su$ = damages = false arre/ ( an individual4 ,:5 ! case 0 tri$ ! v]dict ( ! jury 0 9 favor ( ! ,presid5t4 ,! trial ( ,*>les ,j4 ,guiteau = ! assass9ation ( ,presid5t ,g>field 0 held "h1 & aft] a long-drawn-out & /ormy session cov]+ _m weeks ! assass9 0 convict$4 ,! fam\s oil-sc&al cases aga9/ ,doh5y & ,s9clair1 involv+ ! brib]y ( ,alb]t ,b4 ,fall1 a =m] ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 7 tri$ by ?is c\rt4 ,_m o!r cases ( note c\ld be m5tion$1 b space w n p]mit4 ,"u ! v>i\s acts ( ,congress1 ! numb] ( ju/ices has gradually increas$ until at ! pres5t "t ! de/9y ( ?is c\rt is 9 ! control ( t5 ju/ices4 ,! b5* z con/itut$ to-day is compos$ ( a *ief ju/ice1 ! ,hon4 ,alfr$ ,a4 ,:eat1 & ! foll[+ associate ju/ices1 ! ,hon4 ,j5n+s ,bailey1 ! ,hon4 ,peyton ,gordon1 ! ,hon4 ,jesse ,corcoran ,adk9s1 ! ,hon4 ,osc> ,r4 ,luhr+1 ! ,hon4 ,joseph ,w4 ,cox1 ! ,hon4 ,james ,m4 ,proctor1 ! ,hon4 ,f4 ,dick9son ,letts1 ! ,hon4 ,daniel ,w4 ,o',donoghue1 & ! ,hon4 ,boli?a ,j4 ,laws4 ,! orphans' c\rt 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 z con/itut$ by ! act ( #ahja1 cont9u$ until #ahgj1 :5 its functions 7 transf]r$ to "o ( ! ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia hold+ a special t]m = probate bus9ess2 ! regi/] ( wills is also cl]k ( ! probate c\rt4 ,ju/ice-(-!-peace c\rts cont9u$ until #aiab1 :5 !y 7 sup]s$$ by ! pres5t municipal c\rt1 ) a jurisdiction 9 debt & l&lord & t5ant cases1 replev9 & tort actions n exce$+ #a1jjj1 & ! "r ( litigants to apply to ! c\rt ( appeals = a writ ( error if !y feel aggriev$4 ,a police c\rt1 divid$ into two bran*es--municipal & ,f$]al--) appeal to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 is presid$ ov] by judges4 ,,old ,,l& ,,(fice ,,build+ ,"o ( ! int]e/+ hi/oric l&m>ks 9 ! ,national ,capital is ! old ,l& ,(fice ,build+ at ,sev5? & ,eigh? & ,e & ,f ,/reets ,,nw41 :]e x occupies an entire squ>e4 ,x 0 design$ by ,rob]t ,mills 9 #ahcj & con/ruct$ ( m>ble f ,new ,york & ,m>yl& "u ! sup]vision ( ,?omas ,u4 ,walt]1 ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol1 at a co/ exce$+ #b1jjj1jjj4 ,x 0 built dur+ t decade :5 ! ,pat5t ,(fice & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury ,build+s1 simil> 9 _! classical type ( ar*itecture1 7 au?oriz$ by ,congress & plac$ "u way dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,jackson4 ,?is build+ 0 erect$ z ! fir/ p]man5t build+ = ! ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t & ( ! city po/ (fice4 ,"h1 9 #ahdd1 ! fir/ telegraph (fice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! _w 0 op5$ & op]at$ by ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ! site be+ m>k$ by a bronze plaque 9 ! wall on ! ea/ side ( ! build+4 ,! fir/ attempt to det]m9e longitude by telegraph also 0 made 9 ?is build+ 9 #ahdf4 ,e>li] 9 ! c5tury a build+ /ood "h 9 :i* ! fir/ !atrical p]=mance 9 ! ,national ,capital 0 giv54 ,! site1 too1 0 at "o "t consid]$ = ! ,botanic ,g>d54 ,until #ahhj ?is section 0 ! resid5tial di/rict ( ! city4 ,dur+ ! ,_w ,w> ! build+ 0 occupi$ by ,g54 ,eno* ,cr[d]1 9 *>ge ( ! ,national ,selective ,draft ,bo>d4 ,on 8 return f ,france1 ,g5]al ,p]%+ made x 8 headqu>t]s4 ,s9ce 8 retirem5t ! build+ has be5 occupi$ 9 "p by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,t>iff ,commission4 ,,old ,,pat5t ,,(fice ,,build+ ,illu/ration3 ,,dr4 ,,william ,,?ornton ,! orig9al two build+s burn$1 :]eupon ,congress au?oriz$ ! erection ( a new ,pat5t ,(fice ,build+ accord+ to ! designs ( ,rob]t ,mills1 ar*itect4 ,! pres5t build+ 0 begun 9 #ahcg & complet$ 9 #ahfg4 ,doctor ,?ornton 0 ! fir/ ,commission]4 ,x occupies two squ>es1 at ,sev5? & ,n9? & ,f & ,g ,/reets ,,nw41 at ! site :]e ,l',enfant _h indicat$ 9 8 plan !re %\ld be a great national *ur*4 ,x is a monum5tal m>ble build+1 ,doric 9 its /yle ( ar*itecture1 & ) its l>ge p$im5ts & columns--9 design & size l ^? ( ! ,p>!non--creates ! impression ( simple dignity & beauty t is et]nal4 ,models ( ,am]ican inv5tions to ! numb] ( #bjj1jjj 7 kept 9 ?is build+ until ! new ,national ,museum 0 built4 ,! ,pat5t ,(fice has be5 mov$ into ! new ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce ,build+4 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge bureaus ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce4 ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t ,on ,augu/ #g1 #aghc1 ! ye> t witness$ ! treaty ( peace at ,p>is1 ,congress ord]$-- ,t an eque/rian /atue ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton be erect$ at ! place :]e ,congress %all be e/abli%$1 99 99 99 9 honor ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ! illu/ri\s ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica dur+ ! ,w> :i* v9dicat$ & secur$ _! lib]ty1 sov]eignty1 & indep5d5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,pat5t ,,(fice ,,build+1 ,,n[ ,,civil ,,s]vice ,,commission ,,build+ ,b no action 0 tak5 to c>ry out ?is legislation4 ,! monum5t 0 to h be5 execut$ by ,c]ac*i1 a ,roman sculptor1 & paid = by contributions ( individuals4 ,z has be5 m5tion$1 a site = x 0 m>k$ on ! ,l',enfant map ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton at ! int]section on ! ,mall ( ! axis ( ! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,z ,presid5t1 by 8 wise adm9i/ration ( ! affairs ( ! new ,republic1 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton s add$ to 8 fame & s won ! gratitude ( 8 c\ntrym5 t on 8 dea? a select jo9t committee ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress 0 appo9t$ to consid] a suitable mann] ( pay+ honor to 8 memory4 ,?us1 on ,decemb] #bc1 #agii1 on motion ( ,john ,m>%all 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 x 0 resolv$ by ,congress-- ,t a m>ble monum5t be erect$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,capitol1 at ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 & t ! family ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton be reque/$ to p]mit 8 body to be deposit$ "u x2 & t ! monum5t be s design$ z to commemorate ! great ev5ts ( 8 milit>y & political life4 ,x 0 !n propos$ to make an area 9 front ( ! ,capitol available = ! monum5t1 & an appropriation ( #ajj1jjj 0 propos$ to c>ry ! resolution into effect4 ,in/ead ( an eque/rian /atue1 by ! t]ms ( ?is resolution ! monum5t 0 to take ! =m ( a 8mausoleum ( ,am]ican granite & m>ble1 9 pyramidal =m1 #ajj feet squ>e at ! base & ( a proportionate height40 ,on ,janu>y #a1 #ahja1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ a bill appropriat+ #bjj1jjj = ! monum5t4 ,! ,s5ate1 h[ev]1 did n concur 9 ?is act1 due1 x is ?\ght1 to political que/ions t absorb$ ! att5tion ( ,congress & ! p until ! ,w> ( #ahab4 ,9 #ahaf ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,virg9ia endeavor$ to secure ! cons5t ( ,judge ,bu%rod ,wa%+ton1 !n proprietor ( ,m\nt ,v]non1 to h ! rema9s ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton remov$ to ,ri*mond1 !re to be m>k$ by a fitt+ monum5t to 8 memory4 ,:5 ?is came to ! att5tion ( ,congress a select jo9t committee 0 appo9t$ :i* recomm5d$ t a tomb %\ld be prep>$ 9 ! f\ndations ( ! ,capitol = ! rema9s ( ,george ,wa%+ton & t a monum5t %\ld be erect$ to 8 memory4 ,b ?is plan fail$1 because ,judge ,bu%rod ,wa%+ton decl9$ to cons5t to ! removal ( ! body ( ,george ,wa%+ton f ! vault at ,m\nt ,v]non1 :]e x _h be5 plac$ 9 accordance ) ,wa%+ton's express wi%4 ,nev]!less1 a vault appe>s to h be5 prep>$ b5ea? ! c5t] ( ! ,dome & ,rotunda ( ! ,capitol & b5ea? ! floor ( ! crypt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t1 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,mills ,9 #ahcc a gr\p ( public-spirit$ citiz5s organiz$ ! ,wa%+ton ,national ,monum5t ,society1 = ! purpose ( erect+ 8a great ,national ,monum5t to ! memory ( ,wa%+ton at ! seat ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t40 ,! fir/ meet+ 0 held on ,septemb] #bf1 #ahcc1 9 ! city hall1 n[ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,john ,m>%all1 !n #gh ye>s ( age1 0 *os5 ! fir/ presid5t ( ! society4 ,! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h gr[n f #c1cbi1bad 9 #agij to #ab1hff1jbj 9 #ahcj1 ) #bh ,/ates 9 ! ,union at t "t4 ,9 #ahce ! presid5t ( ! society1 ,john ,m>%all1 di$ & 0 succe$$ 9 ! (fice by ex-,presid5t ,james ,madison1 :o took /eps to inaugurate a national campaign to secure contributions ?r\gh ag5ts appo9t$ to collect funds4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,madison ! society am5d$ its con/itution s t !reaft] ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be ex (ficio its presid5t4 ,! fir/ to s occupy ! (fice 0 ,&rew ,jackson4 ,! progress ( ! society 0 at fir/ sl[1 & 9 #ahcf only ab\t #bh1jjj _h be5 collect$4 ,9 #ahcf adv]tisem5ts 7 publi%$ by ord] ( ! society invit+ designs f ,am]ican arti/s1 b no limitation 0 plac$ ^u ! =m ( ! design4 ,x 0 det]m9$ by ! society1 & s recomm5d$1 t any plans submitt$ %\ld 8h>moni\sly bl5d durability1 simplicity1 & gr&eur40 ,! e/imat$ co/ = ! propos$ monum5t 0 n less ?an #a1jjj1jjj4 ,a great _m designs 7 submitt$1 b ! "o select$ among ! numb] 0 t ( ,rob]t ,mills1 a well-kn[n & em95t ar*itect ( t p]iod4 ,?is plan 0 publi%$4 ,x is ! design ( an obelisk #ejj feet high & #gj feet at ! base1 ris+ f a circul> colonnad$ build+ #ajj feet high & #bej feet 9 diamet]1 surr\nd$ by #cj columns ( massive proportions1 be+ #ab feet 9 diamet] & #de feet high4 ,!re 0 to be an eque/rian gr\p ov] ! portal4 ,! int]ior 0 design$ to be 8a spaci\s gall]y & rotunda10 :i* 0 to be a national pan!on1 adorn$ by /atues ( ! ,colonial ,fa!rs1 pa9t+s commemorative ( battle sc5es ( ! ,revolution1 & a colossal /atue ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,! feature ( ! pan!on surr\nd+ ! %aft 0 nev] =mally adopt$ by ! society z a "p ( ! ,monum5t4 ,its fir/ purpose 0 to secure ! necess>y funds = ! %aft4 ,by ,decemb] #aj1 #ahch1 ! funds ( ! society _h rea*$ #cj1ggi4hd1 & ! foll[+ ye> a re/riction ( a contribution to ! sum ( #a appe>s to h be5 remov$4 ,9 #ahdf ! society1 ?r\gh its ex (ficio presid5t1 ,james ,k4 ,polk1 made ano!r appeal1 /at+ ! society wi%$ to proce$ ) ! erection ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 & x 0 hop$ legislation w\ld be enact$ at ! foll[+ session ( ,congress to provide a location = x4 ,by a resolution adopt$ ,febru>y #bi1 #ahdg1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates consuls abroad 7 also invit$ to solicit subscriptions 8= ! erection ( a suitable ,national ,monum5t to ! memory ( ,wa%+ton f ,am]ican citiz5s1 seam51 & o!rs ( lib]al patriotic feel+s40 ,9 t ye> ! fund 0 increas$ to #gj1jjj4 ,congress !reupon1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdh1 grant$ au?ority = ! erection ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t on public res]vation ,no4 #c1 on ! plan ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 conta9+ upw>d ( #cj acres1 :]e ! ,monum5t n[ /&s1 ne> ! ,potomac ,riv]1 we/ ( ! ,capitol & s\? ( ! ,presid5t's h\se4 ,z has be5 relat$1 ! actual location ( ! ,monum5t 0 fix$ at a po9t m ea/ & s\? ( ! position indicat$ 9 ! plan ( ,l',enfant1 because x 0 some:at m elevat$ gr\nd & reg>d$ m secure = ! f\ndation4 ,! orig9al int]section _h be5 m>k$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son by a small monum5t1 kn[n z ! ,jeff]son pi]4 ,9 ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission plan ( #aija ! site ( ?is pi] is indicat$ = a circul> pool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t ,,"u ,,con/ruction1 #ahgb ,on ,july #d1 #ahdh1 "u a bright sky1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 heads ( ! executive dep>tm5ts & o!r (fic]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! judici>y1 repres5tatives ( =eign gov]nm5ts1 milit>y organizations1 associations ( _m descriptions1 delegations f ! ,/ates & ,t]ritories & f sev]al ,indian tribes1 ! corn] /one 0 laid4 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,c4 ,w9?rop1 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 deliv]$ ! oration4 ,?ree di/+ui%$ p]sons ( ,george ,wa%+ton's "t 7 pres5t on ?is notable occasion3 ,mrs4 ,dolly ,madison2 ,mrs4 ,alex&] ,hamilton1 wid[ ( ! fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury2 & ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is1 ! adopt$ son ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,! corn] /one laid1 ! society began op]ations to lay f\ndations & to raise ! %aft4 ,e precaution 0 tak5 to te/ ! und]/rata :]e ! f\ndations 7 laid4 ,at a dep? ( #bj feet a solid b$ ( gravel 0 rea*$2 ! /rata 7 f\nd to be v compact1 requir+ a pick to break !m up4 ,by ,janu>y1 #ahec1 ! ,monum5t 0 #abf feet high1 & 9 ab\t six ye>s f ! date ( ! lay+ ( ! corn] /one x _h rea*$ ! height ( #aeb feet4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! society cont9u$ mo/ actively at "w 9 ! rais+ ( funds to c>ry ! ,monum5t =w>d4 ,9 #ahed1 h[ev]1 an act occurr$ at ! ,monum5t :i* creat$ mu* indignation & public discussion ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,a block ( m>ble1 :i* _h orig9ally /ood 9 ! ,temple ( ,concord at ,rome1 & :i* _h be5 s5t by ! ,pope to be set 9 ! wall ( ! ,monum5t1 0 /ol51 & no trace ( x 0 ev] f\nd4 ,at ! "t contributions ( /ones f societies1 municipalities1 & ! sev]al ,/ates 7 be+ enc\rag$1 s ! ,pope's /one 0 n an unusual gift4 ,! disappe>ance ( ! /one ang]$ & e/rang$ a l>ge body ( citiz5s & disc\rag$ ! collection ( public contributions1 s t all con/ruction "w ceas$4 ,by #ahed1 #bcj1jjj _h be5 sp5t on ! /ructure1 & funds = x 7 n[ exhau/$4 ,9 #ahei ,congress pass$ an act incorporat+ ! ,wa%+ton ,national ,monum5t ,society = ! purpose ( complet+ ! ,monum5t4 ,9 #ahfi ,s5ator ,nye introduc$ a bill to insure completion ( ! ,monum5t1 & sev]al l bills 7 introduc$ dur+ ! next few ye>s4 ,on ,febru>y #bb1 #ahgc1 a committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives recomm5d$ an appropriation ( #bjj1jjj4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t #gjj1jjj w\ld be requir$ to f9i% ! %aft1 con/ruct+ also a suitable base1 & t ! "w w\ld be complet$ by ,july #d1 #ahgf1 ! "o hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ,am]ican indep5d5ce4 ,?is gave ! ne$$ impetus to ! completion ( ! project4 ,vigor\s campaigns = funds 7 conduct$ 9 ! ,/ates1 & campaign meet+s 7 held 9 sev]al l>ge cities4 ,9 ,june1 #ahgf1 ! society publi%$ a fur!r appeal1 sign$ by its (fic]s4 ,presid5t ,grant 0 ex (ficio presid5t ( ! society at ! "t4 ,on ,augu/ #b1 #ahgf1 ,s5ator ,john ,%]man (f]$ a concurr5t resolution 9 ! ,s5ate t ! ,monum5t to commemorate ! a*ievem5ts ( ,george ,wa%+ton 9 behalf ( ! ,republic be complet$ dur+ ! c5t5nial ye>4 ,a bill appropriat+ #bjj1jjj = ! project 0 approv$ by ! ,presid5t t day4 ,at ! same "t a special bo>d ( (fic]s 0 detail$ f ! ,corps ( ,eng9e]s to inve/igate & report on ! suffici5cy ( ! f\ndations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,uncomplet$ ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t ,,z ,,x ,,appe>$ ,,f #aheb ,,to #ahgh ,! bo>d appo9t$ 9 #ahgf report$ t ! f\ndations 7 n suffici5t1 & ! fir/ "w und]tak5 by ! ,gov]nm5t consi/$ 9 und]p9n+ ! /ructure4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ "u ! direction ( ,lieut4 ,col4 ,?omas ,l9coln ,casey1 aft]w>ds ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 :o 0 ! eng9e] 9 *>ge ( con/ruction ( ! ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,build+ at ! "t1 & lat] ( ! ,congressional ,libr>y ,build+4 ,colonel ,casey 0 assi/$ by ,capt4 ,george ,w4 ,davis1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,infantry1 lat] major g5]al1 :o 0 aft]w>ds reliev$ by ,b]n>d ,r4 ,gre51 ,c4 ,e4 ,! "w ( excavat+ b5ea? ! ,monum5t 0 comm5c$ ,janu>y #bh1 #ahgi1 & ! new f\ndation 0 f9i%$ ,may #bi1 #ahhj4 ,colonel ,casey /at$ 9 8 report3 ,! project or design ( ! "w is an obelisk #eej feet 9 height1 fac$ ) :ite m>ble & back$ ) dress$ granite rock4 ,( ?is /ructure #aef feet is already f9i%$4 ,! base ( ! ,monum5t is #ee feet squ>e1 ! top w be #cd feet #f in*es squ>e1 & x w be cr[n$ ) a pyramidion1 or ro(1 #ej feet 9 height4 ,! proportions ( ! p>ts ( ?is obelisk are 9 exact accordance ) ! classic proportions ( p>ts ( ?is /yle ( ar*itecture1 z det]m9$ aft] c>eful rese>* by ,hon4 ,george ,p4 ,m>%1 ,am]ican m9i/] at ,rome4 ,! %aft z proportion$1 bo? 9 dim5sions & weight1 w be entirely /able z aga9/ w9ds t c\ld ex]t a pressure ( #ajj p\nds or m p] squ>e foot ^u any face ( ! /ructure4 ,! project includes ! prep>ation ( ! f\ndation s z to enable x to c>ry ?is /ructure4 ,?is prep>ation or /r5g!n+ consi/s 9 mak+ ! exi/+ f\ndation wid] & deep]1 9 ord] to di/ribute ! weight ov] a great] area1 & 9 br++ ^u ea* squ>e foot ( ! e>? press$ no great] weight ?an x is kn[n to be able to su/a94 ,! mass ( concrete b5ea? ! old f\ndation is #abf feet #f in*es squ>e1 #ac feet #f in*es 9 dep?1 & ext5ds #ah feet )9 ! out] edge ( ! old f\ndation & #bc feet #c in*es beyond ?is l9e4 ,9 plac+ ?is "w1 #gj p] c5t ( ! area ( ! e>? ^u :i* ! ,monum5t 0 /&+ 0 remov$4 ,! second "p ( ! /r5g!n+ ( ! f\ndation consi/$ 9 con/ruct+ a cont9u\s buttress b5ea? ! %aft & ext5d+ out ^u ! concrete slab1 s z to di/ribute ! pressure ov] ! f\ndation4 ,9 ?is op]ation sections ( ! rubble masonry 7 remov$ & replac$ ) concrete4 ,z comp>$ ) ! orig9al bulk ( ! old f\ndation1 #ea p] c5t ( its cont5ts 0 remov$ & #dh p] c5t ( ! area ( ! base ( ! %aft und]m9$4 ,! new f\ndation re/s on a be>+ surface #abf feet #f in*es squ>e1 or #af1jjb squ>e feet1 z comp>$ ) #f1djj squ>e feet = ! old f\ndation4 ,! entire "w ( und]p9n+ 0 accompli%$ )\t caus+ ! slighte/ crack or ! lea/ op5+ 9 any jo9t ( t portion ( ! ,monum5t already con/ruct$1 :i*1 includ+ ! f\ndation1 0 #hj feet squ>e at its base4 ,! new f\ndation re/s ^u a b$ ( f9e s& #b feet 9 ?ickness1 bel[ :i* is a b$ ( b[ld]s & gravel4 ,bor+s 7 made 9 ?is deposit = a dep? ( #ah feet )\t pass+ ?r\gh x4 ,?us1 z complet$1 ! new f\ndation cov]s two & a half times z mu* area & ext5ds #ac feet deep] ?an ! old "o1 be+ #cf feet #aj in*es 9 dep?4 ,! bottom ( ! "w is only #b feet above ! level ( high tide 9 ! ,potomac4 ,no settlem5t has occurr$ to date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,mall ,,gr\nds ,"w 0 resum$ on ! %aft 9 #ahhj4 ,! fir/ #ac c\rses--#bf feet--7 fac$ ) :ite m>ble f ,massa*usetts4 ,! rema9d] is ,m>yl& :ite m>ble simil> to t us$ 9 ! l[] section4 ,! new "w 0 back$ ) dress$ ,new ,engl& granite to ! #deb-;foot elevation1 above :i* ! walls are entirely ( m>ble1 ( ?r\gh-&-?r\gh blocks1 & f ! #dgj-;foot level1 :]e ! ribs ( ! pyramidion beg91 ! c\rses are secur$ to ea* o!r by mortise & t5on jo9ts cut 9 ! builds & b$s ( ! /one4 ,dur+ ! work+ season ( #ahhj1 #bf feet 7 add$ to ! %aft2 9 #ahha !re 7 add$ #gd feet2 9 #ahhb1 #ij feet2 9 #ahhc1 #gj feet2 9 #ahhd1 #ij feet4 ,^! additions br\ght ! walls ( ! %aft to a height ( #ejj feet on ,augu/ #i1 #ahhd4 ,! pyramidion topp+ ! %aft is support$ on #ab m>ble ribs1 :i* spr+ f ! int]ior faces ( ! walls ( ! well1 beg9n+ at ! #dgj-;foot level4 ,! cov]+ slabs are #g in*es 9 ?ickness & are support$ ^u projections or spurs on ! m>ble ribs4 ,! pyramidion has a v]tical height ( #ee feet #e in*es & consi/s ( #bfb sep>ate /ones4 ,! weight ( ! pyramidion is #cjj tons4 ,! cap/one1 :i* weighs #c1cjj p\nds1 0 set 9 place on ,decemb] #f1 #ahhd4 ,ov] x is a small pyramid ( pure alum9um #e4f in*es at its base1 #h4i in*es high1 & weighs #ajj ounces1 ! l>ge/ piece ( ?is metal ev] ca/ 9 any c\ntry to t "t4 ,! foll[+ inscriptions appe> on ! f\r faces ( ! alum9um cap/one3 ,,jo9t ,,commission ,,at ,,sett+ ,,( ,,cap/one3 ,,*e/] ,a4 ,,ar?ur1 ,m4 ,e4 ,,bell1 ,,edw>d ,,cl>k1 ,,john ,,newton1 ,,act ,,( ,,augu/ #b1 #ahgf4 ,,corn] ,,/one ,,laid ,,on ,,b$ ,,( ,,f\ndation ,,july #d1 #ahdh4 ,,fir/ ,,/one ,,at ,,height ,,( #aeb ,,feet ,,laid ,,augu/ #g1 #ahhj4 ,,cap/one ,,set ,,decemb] #f1 #ahhd4 ,,*ief ,,eng9e] ,,& ,,ar*itect1 ,,col4 ,,?omas ,,l9coln ,,casey1 ,,corps ,,( ,,eng9e]s4 ,,assi/ants3 ,,george ,w4 ,,davis1 ,,capta9 ,,f\rte5? ,,infantry2 ,,b]n>d ,,gre51 ,,civil ,,eng9e]2 ,,ma/] ,,me*anic1 ,p4 ,h4 ,,mclaughl94 ,,laus ,,deo4 ,! entire height has be5 made slightly great] ?an t5 times ! bread? ( ! base1 produc+ an obelisk t = grace & delicacy ( outl9e is n excell$ by any ( ! l>g] ,egyptian monoli?s1 :ile 9 dignity & gr&eur x surpasses any t c be m5tion$4 ,! ,monum5t tap]s "o-f\r? ( an in* to ! foot1 be+ #ae feet ?ick at ! base & #ah in*es ?ick at ! top ( ! %aft4 ,:5 ! cap/one 0 set 9 place a salute 0 fir$ by artill]y /ation$ ne> ! base1 :ile ! national flag 0 unfurl$ to ! breeze 9 ! rigg+ f> above4 ,! co/ ( ! ,monum5t 0 #a1cjj1jjj4 ,to ! criticism t ! obelisks ( old 7 monoli?s1 ! reply 0 made t ?is ,monum5t to ,wa%+ton w n be less significant or /ately because ( be+ made up ( _m sep>ate /ones1 = our c\ntry has be5 pr\d to give examples ( bo? political & mat]ial /ructures :i* owe _! /r5g? to union2 & ?is ,monum5t embodies ! idea ( our national motto1 ,e ,pluribus ,unum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t ,) a view ( hav+ ! ,/ates ( ! ,union prop]ly repres5t$ 9 ! ,monum5t ! society ext5d$ an invitation = ea* ,/ate to furni% = ins]tion 9 ! int]ior walls a block ( m>ble or o!r durable /one--a production ( its soil--( ! foll[+ dim5sions3 #d feet long1 #b feet high1 & ) a b$ ( f #ab to #ah in*es1 ! "n ( ! ,/ate to be cut !reon 9 l>ge lett]s1 & if desirable to ! donor1 ! ,/ate's coat ( arms also4 ,lat]1 ?is invitation to contribute memorial blocks ( /one 0 ext5d$ to embrace su* a gift f a =eign gov]nm5t4 ,9 response to ^! invitations _m ri* & durable blocks ( /one 7 receiv$ :i* n[ adorn ! int]ior walls ( ! %aft 79 #aibi ! memorial /ones numb]$ #ahg7 f all p>ts ( ! _w1 includ+ "o f ! ,p>!non at ,a!ns1 ! ru9s ( anci5t ,c>?age1 & ! tomb ( ,napoleon at ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,^! memorial /ones beg9 at a height ( #cj feet & end at #bij feet4 ,great prep>ations 7 made = d$ication ( ! ,monum5t4 ,?is took place on ,febru>y #ba1 #ahhe1 ) ,hon4 ,john ,%]man1 *airman ( ! commission1 presid+4 ,sev]al desc5dants & relatives ( ! ,wa%+ton family 7 pres5t4 ,! orator ( ! day 0 aga9 ! ,hon4 ,rob]t ,c4 ,w9?rop1 :o z ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives _h deliv]$ ! oration at ! lay+ ( ! corn] /one ,july #d1 #ahdh4 ,8 oration on ?is occasion 0 read1 z illness prev5t$ him f be+ pres5t4 ,among ^? 9 ,wa%+ton to-day :o witness$ ! d$ication is ,hon4 ,william ,tyl] ,page1 !n s]v+ z a page 9 ! ,h\se2 lat] becom+ ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & executive secret>y ( ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,bic5t5nial ,commission4 ,?us :5 we are rem9d$ ( ! ?ree fri5ds ( ,george ,wa%+ton :o 7 pres5t at ! corn]-/one lay+ ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t we mu/ inde$ admit t we ev5 ( ?is day are n f> remov$ f him & 8 times1 & t our ,republic is /ill "y1 ?\gh great] a*ievem5ts h be5 wr\ght 9 ! pa/ #ajj ye>s ?an 9 ! previ\s #a1jjj ye>s ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,! ef=ts ( ! ,wa%+ton ,national ,monum5t ,society _h at la/ be5 realiz$1 & ! ,am]ican p beheld ! consummation ( _! desire--a great monum5t erect$ at ! seat ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to ! "n & memory ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,! int]ior is light$ by electricity1 af=d+ an opportunity to see ! memorial /ones4 ,asc5t is made by means ( an elevator & an iron /airway1 support$ by #h v]tical iron columns--#d columns t]m9at+ at a height ( #ejj feet & #d )9 ! ro( at #eag feet--:i* su/a9 ! elevator ma*9]y above4 ,! iron /airway consi/s ( %ort flights1 /rung along ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! wall1 connect+ ) iron plat=ms #d feet #h in*es wide 7to a height ( #aej feet7 & #g feet #aj in*es wide1 #bj feet ap>t on a side1 & ext5d+ along ! ea/ & we/ walls4 ,!re are #ej flights & #ijj /eps4 ,f ^! /eps & plat=ms ! inscriptions may be read4 ,9 #aibf a new elevator 0 in/all$4 ,x is ( ! electrically driv51 ge>less1 s+le wrap1 traction type1 ) a spe$ ( #ejj feet p] m9ute & a lift+ capacity ( #f1jjj p\nds1 exclusive ( ! weight ( ! c> & cables4 ,x is equipp$ ) a micro-level+ device1 :i* insures exact level+ ( ! c> at l&+s & also makes possible ! op]ation ( ! elevator at sl[ spe$ 9 case ( failure ( ! ma9 motor1 ?us elim9at+ ! dang] ( /all+ ! c> betwe5 l&+s4 ,x accommodates #cj p]sons & makes #ab trips p] h\r4 ,!re are #h w9d[s at a height ( #ejd feet above gr\nd--#b w9d[s 9 ea* ( ! #d faces ( ! pyramidion--#d feet above ! #ejj-;foot l&+4 ,^! w9d[s measure #ah in*es by #c feet on ?ree sides1 & on ! ea/ side #b feet by #c feet4 ,look+ to ! ea/ f ! w9d[s "o sees ! /ately ,capitol2 to ! nor?1 across ! ,presid5t's ,p>k1 ! beautiful mansion ( ! ,*ief ,magi/rate2 to ! nor!a/1 ! ,soldi]s' ,home2 to ! nor?we/1 ! great resid5tial section1 ! ,naval ,obs]vatory1 & ! ,wa%+ton ,ca!dral2 to ! we/ ! beautiful ,potomac ,riv]1 z x w9ds its way = miles pa/ ! city1 & ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y1 ! ,nation's mo/ sacr$ re/+ place = ^? :o s]v$ 9 def5se ( _! c\ntry2 & z we foll[ ! ,potomac s\?w>d !re is ,alex&ria1 #f miles beyond1 & 9 ! fa9t di/ance ,m\nt ,v]non1 :]e is ! tomb ( ! immortal ,wa%+ton4 ,& on t l(ty height1 ! greate/ s+le piece ( masonry 9 ! _w1 we ?9k also ( o!r high /ructures--! ,empire ,/ate ,build+1 ) #hf /ories1 #a1bdh feet2 ,*rysl] ,build+1 #fh /ories1 #a1jdf feet2 ,bank ( ,manhattan1 #fe /ories1 #hch feet2 ,woolwor? ,t[] #fj /ories1 #gib feet2 ,metropolitan ,life ,insurance ,build+1 #gjj feet2 ,! ,new ,york ,life ,insurance ,build+1 #faj feet1 at ! site ( ! =m] fam\s ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d52 ,s+] ,t[]1 #fab feet2 spires ( ,cologne ,ca!dral1 #ebd feet2 spire ( ,old ,/4 ,paul's1 ,london1 #ejh feet2 ,pyramids ( ,*eops1 #dhj feet2 ,book ,t[]1 ,detroit1 #dgb feet2 ,victoria ,t[]1 ,we/m9/]1 #cbe feet2 ,/atue ( ,lib]ty1 #cag feet2 ,b5n+ton ,battle ,monum5t1 #cjf feet2 ! ,capitol1 #bhg feet2 ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t at ,bo/on1 #bba feet4 ,9 #ahij ,daniel ,h4 ,burnham complet$ ! ,masonic ,temple1 9 ,*icago1 8! talle/ build+ 9 ! _w10 #ba /ories high1 among ! fir/ ( all-/eel con/ruction4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city ! caisson = high-build+ f\ndation "w 0 fir/ adopt$ 9 ! ,manhattan ,life ,insurance ,build+1 ne> ,ex*ange ,place on ,broadway1 9 #ahid4 ,built on a f\ndation ( b$rock #ee feet bel[ ! surface1 ! /ructure ( #ah /ories 0 built #cej feet 9 height f ! sidewalk4 ,! masonry con/ruct$ by ! ,gov]nm5t is ! be/ kn[n to ! eng9e]+ art1 & ! weight is s di/ribut$ t1 subject to a w9d pressure ( #ajj p\nds p] squ>e foot on any face1 correspond+ to a w9d velocity ( #ade miles p] h\r1 ! ,monum5t w\ld h a l>ge factor ( safety aga9/ ov]turn+4 ,! entire weight is #ha1abj tons4 ,! weight ( ! f\ndations is #cf1iab tons1 & !re is a maximum pressure on ! und]ly+ soil ( #i tons p] squ>e foot4 ,9 ! morn+ ! ,monum5t cat*es ! fir/ rays ( ! sun4 ,9 /ormy wea!r ! top /&s l a m\nta9 peak1 immovable1 z se5 amid/ cl\ds4 ,s1 inde$1 does ! great & noble ,wa%+ton ov]t[] all ( 8 contempor>ies ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> & ! =mative p]iod ( ?is ,republic4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t has be5 fitt+ly describ$ z typify+ ! "* ( ,george ,wa%+ton--l(ty 9 its gr&eur1 pla9 9 its simplicity1 & :ite 9 its purity4 ,! foll[+ is a quotation f ! oration ( ,speak] ,w9?rop deliv]$ at ! lay+ ( ! corn] /one on ,july #d1 #ahdh3 ,lay ! corn] /one ( a monum5t :i* %all adequately bespeak ! gratitude ( ! :ole ,am]ican p to ! illu/ri\s ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry4 ,build x to ! skies2 y c n outrea* ! l(t9ess ( 8 pr9ciples6 ,f\nd x ^u ! massive & et]nal rock2 y c n make x m endur+ ?an 8 fame4 ,con/ruct x ( pe]less ,p>ian m>ble2 y c n make x pur] ?an 8 life4 ,exhau/ ^u x ! rules & pr9ciples ( anci5t & mod]n art2 y c n make x m proportionate ?an 8 "*4 ,,soldi]s' ,,home ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! f\nd+ ( a soldi]s' home dates f ,m>* #c1 #ahea1 :5 an act ( ,congress 0 pass$ & approv$ 8to f\nd a milit>y asylum = ! relief & support ( invalid & disabl$ soldi]s ( ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,= ye>s be=e ?is1 h[ev]1 ! pr9cipal (fic]s ( ! ,army1 p>ticul>ly ,maj4 ,g54 ,w9field ,scott1 _h giv5 ! subject att5tion & _h made special ef=ts to procure ! ne$$ legislation4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahdh1 ,g5]al ,scott transmitt$ to ! ,secret>y ( ,w> a draft = #ajj1jjj z "p ( ! tribute levi$ by him on ! ,city ( ,mexico = ! b5efit ( ! ,army1 & he express$ ! hope t x might be all[$ to g to ! cr$it ( an ,army asylum4 ,?is home = ! ,regul> ,army 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 #ahea-eb4 ,x is locat$ ab\t #c miles due nor? f ! ,capitol4 ,! orig9al pur*ase ( l& 0 #bef acres4 ,additional tracts add$ s9ce ! orig9al pur*ase make a total ( #ejj acres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,soldi]s' ,,home ,! s\? "p ( ! ma9 build+ is nam$ = ,g54 ,w9field ,scott1 ! f\nd] ( ! home2 ! addition on ! nor? = ,g54 ,william ,t4 ,%]man4 ,con/ruct$ ( :ite m>ble2 x 0 comm5c$ 9 #aheb & complet$ 9 #ahia2 is ( ,norman ,go?ic design1 #bea feet long by #aeh feet wide1 & has a clock t[]2 x w accommodate #cgj memb]s & conta9s a libr>y & billi>d hall4 ,! old home/ead build+ ne> to & we/ ( ! ,scott ,build+ is nam$ aft] ,g54 ,rob]t ,&]son1 ( ,=t ,sumt] r5[n1 to commemorate ! fact ( 8 e>ly advocacy ( & great int]e/ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! home4 ,x 0 ! home ( ! fir/ memb]s & has frequ5tly be5 us$ z ! summ] resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t4 ,presid5t ,bu*anan occupi$ x 9 #ahef-ahfj1 ,presid5t ,l9coln 9 #ahfa-ahfd1 ,presid5t ,hayes 9 #ahgg-ahhj1 & ,presid5t ,ar?ur 9 #ahhb-ahhd4 ,presid5t ,g>field ?\ght ( occupy+ x 9 ! summ] ( #ahha4 ,! ea/]n build+--especially = memb]s--0 ! fir/ erect$ & is call$ ! ,k+ ,build+1 aft] ,surg4 ,b4 ,k+1 = #ac ye>s ! att5d+ surgeon & secret>y & treasur] ( ! home4 ,! brick qu>t]s nor?we/ ( ! ,%]man ,build+1 erect$ 9 #ahhc1 is call$ ! ,%]idan ,build+1 9 honor ( ,g54 ,philip ,h4 ,%]idan1 :o 0 ! presid5t ( ! bo>d ( commission]s :5 ! build+ 0 erect$4 ,m rec5tly built /ructures are ! ,grant ,build+1 complet$ 9 #aiaa1 ( :ite m>ble1 accommodat+ #bgb memb]s & conta9+ ! hall ( ! g5]al mess1 mess kit*51 & cold /orage4 ,/anley ,hall1 nam$ = a =m] gov]nor ( ! home1 0 complet$ 9 #ahig1 & is ! g5]al amusem5t hall1 seat+ ab\t #gjj p]sons4 ,a neat *apel1 built ( r$ /one1 0 complet$ 9 #ahga4 ,religi\s wor%ip--,prote/ant & ,roman ,ca?olic--is regul>ly obs]v$4 ,a well-design$ hospital 0 complet$ 9 #ahgf & is kn[n z ! ,b>nes ,build+4 ,! ,=wood ,build+ & ! ,la ,g>de ,build+ h s9ce be5 add$4 ,! maximum capacity ( ! pres5t hospital is #ejj b$s4 ,x is n only = ! sick1 b is an infirm>y = ! ag$ & helpless memb]s4 ,! home ma9ta9s a libr>y ( #bj1che volumes1 ) newspap]s & magaz9es1 :i* are add$ to ye>ly z funds w p]mit4 ,a portion ( ! spaci\s gr\nds is cultivat$ = ! b5efit ( ! home2 b ! l>ge/ "p is woodl&1 & ?r\gh x all1 tak+ advantage ( its topography1 ne>ly #aj miles ( grad$ macadamiz$ roads h be5 con/ruct$1 w9d+ ?r\gh groves ( select$ trees ( native & =eign v>ieties & ov] ! op5 gr\nd1 comm&+ f9e views ( ! city1 ! ,potomac ,riv]1 & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry = miles4 ,! p>k is op5 to ! public4 ,soldi]s ( #bj ye>s' s]vice1 & m51 :e!r p5sion]s or n1 :o disabl$ by w\nds or disease 9 ! s]vice & 9 ! l9e ( duty & h be5 honorably dis*>g$ f ! ,army are admitt$ to ! home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9 ,,john ,,bridge ,,cab9 ,,john ,,bridge ,erect$ ab\t #ahfj by ,g54 ,montgom]y ,g4 ,meigs1 ?is bridge spans ,cab9 ,john ,run1 ab\t #g miles nor?we/ ( ,wa%+ton4 ,x is a "p ( ! aqu$uct sy/em1 & ! ar* spann+ ! /ream is #bbj feet across at ! base & #aje feet 9 height4 ,! entire l5g? ( ! bridge is #ehd feet4 ,! ?ickness ( ! bridge above ! ar* is #ad feet1 & x is #bj feet 9 wid?4 ,until a few ye>s ago x 0 ! l>ge/ /one ar* 9 ! _w4 ,,=d',s ,,!at] ,=d's ,!at] ,build+1 9 :i* ,presid5t ,l9coln 0 assass9at$ :ile att5d+ a p]=mance on ! night ( ,april #ad1 #ahfe1 is on ! ea/ side ( ,t5? ,/reet betwe5 ,e & ,f ,/reets ,,nw4 ,! build+ 0 orig9ally a ,bapti/ ,*ur* & us$ z su* = m ?an #ae ye>s4 ,x 0 us$ z a !at] less ?an ?ree ye>s--f #ahfb to #ahfe--;& nev] z su* aft] ! night ( ! assass9ation4 ,tak5 ov] imm$iately by ,secret>y ( ,w> ,edw9 ,m4 ,/anton1 x 0 made ov] into a #c-/ory build+ = use ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t & 0 s us$ = _m ye>s4 ,n[ x is a ,gov]nm5t build+1 h\s+ 9 "p a portion ( ! ,oldroyd collection f ! ,l9coln museum4 ,on ,april #i1 #ahic1 :ile repairs 7 be+ made1 ! ?ree floors collaps$1 kill+ #bb cl]ks & injur+ #fh4 ,! resid5ce ( ,h>ry ,c4 ,=d1 :o 0 manag] ( ! !at] = 8 fa!r1 ,john ,t4 ,=d1 /ood adjac5t to ! !at] on ! "r4 ,,l9coln ,,museum ,,& ,,! ,,oldroyd ,,collection ,,( ,,l9colniana ,across ! /reet f ,=d's ,!at] /&s a r$ brick h\se 7,no4 #eaf ,t5? ,/reet ,,nw47 to :i* ,presid5t ,l9coln1 aft] be+ %ot ab\t #aj4cj o'clock on ! night ( ,april #ad1 #ahfe1 0 c>ri$ & :]e1 aft] an int]val ( #i h\rs1 he di$ at #bb m9utes aft] #g o'clock ! foll[+ morn+ )\t rega9+ consci\sness4 ,! room to :i* ! m>tyr$ ,presid5t 0 br\ght is a little front "o on ! ma9 floor4 ,9 size & simplicity x 0 a room l t ( ! log cab9 9 ,k5tucky 9 :i* ! great man 0 born4 ,z a man ( ! p1 ?\gh !y _h elevat$ him to ! highe/ position ! ,nation c\ld be/[ on any ( its citiz5s1 he di$ amid/ simple surr\nd+s z "o ( !m4 ,! h\se 0 pur*as$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahig = #cj1jjj2 ! ,oldroyd ,l9coln ,memorial ,collection 0 pur*as$ = #ej1jjj & tak5 ov] by ! ,gov]nm5t ,septemb] #a1 #aibf4 ,x is n[ "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 & is visit$ by _m ?\s&s ea* ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,leet ,bro!rs ,,=d',s ,,!at] ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h\se ,,9 ,,:i* ,,presid5t ,,l9coln ,,di$ ,mr4 ,oldroyd ga!r$ 9 ! c\rse ( #ej ye>s upw>d ( #c1jjj articles p]ta9+ to ! m>tyr$ ,presid5t4 ,^! c be se5 by visitors to ! h\se4 ,! room 9 :i* ,abraham ,l9coln di$ has be5 kept z ne>ly z possible z x 0 :5 ,l9coln pass$ away & :5 ,/anton said1 8,n[ he belongs to ! ages40 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! articles t c be se53 ,wrea?s t lay ^u ! casket 9 ,wa%+ton & at ! f9al burial 9 ,spr+field1 ,ill41 & a rose tak5 f 8 bosom j be=e ! casket 0 clos$--fad$1 b h]metically seal$ 9 a small glass case1 x /ill appe>s a rose4 ,!re is also 9 ! h\se furniture us$ by ,mrs4 ,l9coln 9 ,spr+field1 includ+ h] cook/ove2 ! pla9 (fice desk & *air ,abraham ,l9coln us$ :ile practic+ law ) ,william ,h4 ,h]ndon2 a pla9 black & :ite %awl t he wore 9 place ( an ov]coat1 z m5 did 9 ^? days2 ! la/ bit ( writ+ he did2 ! ,bible 8 "m1 ,nancy ,hanks1 gave to him be=e %e di$1 :5 he 0 n yet #i ye>s ( age1 & f :i* he 0 taught to read2 ! desk ^u :i* mu* ( ! ,emancipation ,proclamation 0 writt52 also _m docum5ts1 pr9ts1 & books describ+ 8 life4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,public ,,& ,,semipublic ,,build+s ,,! ,,capitol ,! site = ! ,capitol1 or ! ,f$]al ,h\se1 z select$ by ,l',enfant1 is on :at 0 !n kn[n z ,j5k9's ,hill1 #hh feet above ! level ( ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,! nor?we/ corn]/one ( ! ma9 build+ 0 laid on ,septemb] #ah1 #agic1 by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton ) ,masonic c]emonies4 ,! build+ is ( ,virg9ia s&/one f qu>ries on ,aquia ,creek4 ,! nor? w+ 0 f9i%$ 9 #ahjj & ! s\? w+ 9 #ahaa4 ,a wood5 passageway connect$ !m4 ,congress conv5$ !re = ! fir/ "t at ! second session ( ! ,six? ,congress1 :i* began ,novemb] #ag1 #ahjj1 & end$ ,m>* #c1 #ahja4 ,! orig9al designs 7 prep>$ by ,dr4 ,william ,?ornton1 & ! "w 0 done "u ! direction ( ,/eph5 ,h4 ,hallet1 ,james ,hoban1 & ,george ,hadfield4 ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,latrobe 0 ! ar*itect4 ,wa%+ton & ,jeff]son favor$ ! classical type ( ar*itecture = ! build+1 & x 0 adopt$4 ,on ,augu/ #bd1 #ahad1 ! int]ior ( bo? w+s 0 de/roy$ by fire set by ! ,briti%4 ,_m books ( ! small ,libr>y ( ,congress h\s$ 9 ! build+ at t "t 7 burn$1 :]eupon ,congress pur*as$ ! libr>y ( ,?omas ,jeff]son at ,monticello4 ,! damage to ! ,capitol 0 imm$iately repair$4 ,9 #ahah ! c5tral portion ( ! build+ 0 comm5c$ "u ! ar*itectural sup]9t5d5ce ( ,*>les ,bulf9*1 ar*itect1 ( ,bo/on4 ,! orig9al build+ 0 f9ally complet$ 9 #ahbg4 ,its co/1 includ+ ! grad+ ( ! gr\nds1 alt]ations1 & repairs1 up to #ahbg1 0 #b1dcc1hdd4ac4 ,because ( ! gr[? ( ! ,republic1 aft] half a c5tury x became necess>y to build a ,s5ate ,*amb] on ! nor? & a ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,*amb] on ! s\?4 ,! corn]/one ( ! ext5sions to ! ,capitol :i* increas$ x to its pres5t size 0 laid on ,july #d1 #ahea1 by ,presid5t ,fillmore4 ,daniel ,web/] 0 ! orator ( ! day4 ,?is "w 0 prosecut$ "u ! direction ( ,?omas ,u4 ,walt]1 ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol until #ahfe1 :5 he resign$1 & 0 complet$ "u ! sup]vision ( ,edw>d ,cl>k4 ,! ,h\se ext5sion 0 fir/ occupi$ = legislative purposes ,decemb] #af1 #aheg1 & ! ,s5ate ext5sion ,janu>y #d1 #ahei4 ,! :ite m>ble us$ 9 ! walls is f ,massa*usetts & t 9 ! columns f ,m>yl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,comm]cial ,photo ,co4 ,,! ,,capitol ,! entire l5g? ( ! build+ f nor? to s\? is #gea feet #d in*es & its greate/ dim5sion f ea/ to we/ is #cej feet4 ,! area cov]$ by ! build+ is #c acres4 ,! ,dome ( ! orig9al c5tral build+ 0 con/ruct$ ( wood1 cov]$ ) copp]4 ,! pres5t /ructure ( ca/ iron 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahef1 & complet$ 9 #ahfe4 ,! entire weight ( iron us$ is #h1iji1bjj p\nds4 ,! ,dome is cr[n$ by ! bronze ,/atue ( ,fre$om1 #ai feet #f in*es high & weigh+ #ad1ihe p\nds4 ,x 0 model$ by ! sculptor ,?omas ,craw=d4 ,! height ( ! ,dome above ! base l9e ( ! ea/ front is #bhg feet #e in*es4 ,! height f ! top ( ! balu/rade ( ! build+ is #bag feet #aa in*es4 ,! greate/ diamet] at ! base is #ace feet #e in*es4 ,! ,rotunda is #ig feet #f in*es 9 diamet]1 & its height f ! floor to ! top ( ! canopy is #ahj feet #c in*es4 ,! canopy ov]hang+ ! ,dome1 portray+ ! ,apo!osis ( ,wa%+ton1 0 pa9t$ by ,brumidi4 ,! ,rotunda frieze1 #fe feet above ! floor1 mak+ a circle #cjj feet 9 l5g? ar\nd ! walls1 illu/rates important p]iods 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,pa9t+s 9 ! ,rotunda are z foll[s3 ,! ,l&+ ( ,columbus on ,san ,salvador1 ,octob] #ab1 #adib1 by ,v&]lyn4 ,! ,discov]y ( ! ,mississippi by ,de ,soto1 #aeda1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,p[ell4 ,! ,baptism ( ,pocahontas1 ,jame/[n1 ,va41 #afac1 by ,john ,g4 ,*apman4 ,! ,emb>kation ( ! ,pilgrims f ,delft-,hav51 ,july #bb1 #afbj1 by ,rob]t ,w4 ,weir4 ,! ,sign+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,philadelphia1 ,july #d1 #aggf1 by ,john ,trumbull4 ,! ,surr5d] ( ,burgoyne1 ,s>atoga1 ,octob] #ag1 #aggg1 by ,john ,trumbull4 ,! ,surr5d] ( ,cornwallis1 ,yorkt[n1 ,va41 ,octob] #ai1 #agha1 by ,john ,trumbull4 ,! ,resignation ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb] #bc1 #aghc1 by ,john ,trumbull4 ,! ,s5ate ,*amb] is #aac feet #c in*es 9 l5g? by #hj feet #c in*es 9 wid? & #cf feet 9 height4 ,! gall]ies w accommodate #fhb p]sons4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,*amb] is #aci feet 9 l5g? by #ic feet 9 wid? & #cf feet 9 height4 ,9 #ahjj ! ,*amb]s 7 light$ by lamps & tall[ c&les1 & ! #adb ,repres5tatives 7 seat$ 9 *airs4 ,to-day !re are #dce ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 addition to #b ,delegates & #b ,resid5t ,commission]s1 :o are seat$ on b5*es1 :i* are arrang$ 9 a semicircle l ^? ( ! !at] ( ,dionysius4 ,to-day ! ,capitol is light$ by electricity & equipp$ ) a mod]n v5tilat+ sy/em4 ,! room lat] occupi$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ! ,s5ate ,*amb] until #ahei4 ,previ\s to t "t ! c\rt occupi$ ! room imm$iately b5ea?1 n[ us$ z a law libr>y4 ,beautiful pa9t+s by ,brumidi1 ,trumbull1 & o!rs adorn ! ,capitol1 & _m /atues1 gift ( ! ,/ates1 may be se5 9 ,/atu>y ,hall1 set ap>t z su* 9 #ahfd1 be+ =m]ly ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,*amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol ,,at ,,night ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,fre$om ,massive bronze doors by ,rog]s1 depict+ sc5es f ! life ( ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 are at ! ma9 entrance1 ! ea/1 & op5 f ! portico to ! ,rotunda4 ,!y call to m9d ! ,ghib]ti doors 9 ,flor5ce4 ,!re are #bd columns ( ,m>yl& s&/one1 #cj feet high1 9 ! c5tral portico4 ,/atues by ,gre5\gh & ,p]sico flank ! /eps4 ,! ,capitol is to-day ! mo/ significant build+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,its assess$ value 9 #aicj = build+ & gr\nds 0 #de1jjj1jjj4 ,on ! ea/ portico ( ! ,capitol newly elect$ ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates take ! oa? ( (fice4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,fre$om ,z has be5 /at$1 ! ,/atue ( ,fre$om surm\nt+ ! ,dome ( ! ,capitol is ! "w ( "o ( ,am]ica's great arti/s1 ,?omas ,craw=d4 ,! model+ 0 done 9 ,rome1 & at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 9 #aheg1 he 0 endeavor+ to secure ! necess>y funds = ! ca/+ ( x at ! ,royal ,f\ndry at ,muni*4 ,on ,april #ai1 #aheh1 ! pla/] model 0 %ipp$ f ,leghorn1 ,italy1 & aft] a p]il\s voyage to ,new ,york x arriv$ 9 ,wa%+ton 9 ,april1 #ahei4 ,at t "t "w on completion ( ! ,capitol 0 proce$+ "u ! sup]vision ( ,?omas ,u4 ,walt]1 ar*itect4 ,on ,may #bd1 #ahfj1 ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 9 a /atem5t conc]n+ ! ca/+ ( ! /atue /at$ t-- x w be ca/ by ,cl>k ,mills & he w be paid = 8 s]vices & = ! r5t ( 8 f\ndry at ,mills ,av5ue t[>d ,blad5sburg1 :]e ! ,&rew ,jackson eque/rian 0 ca/ 9 #ahec & necess>y exp5ses at ! rate ( #djj p] mon? & t ! mat]ial1 fuel1 labor1 etc41 w be paid = by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is arrangem5t _h be5 ent]$ into & ! "w _h progress$ to q an ext5t1 :5 ,capta9 ,meigs1 :o _h return$ to duty at ! ,capitol1 issu$ a =mal /atem5t ( ! exi/5ce ( w>1 on ,may #ae1 #ahfa1 susp5d+ "w on ! ,capitol ext5sion & ! new ,dome4 ,b subsequ5tly1 ev5 ?\gh ! exi/5ce ( w> betwe5 ! ,/ates h&icapp$ ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! necess>y arrangem5ts = complet+ ! ,dome & = ca/+ ! /atue 7 made4 ,! /atue 0 hoi/$ 9 place on ! ,dome amid a salute ( #ce guns on ,decemb] #b1 #ahfc4 ,! orig9al model ( ! /atue may be se5 to-day 9 ! rotunda ( ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory ,build+ ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,,bronze ,,doors ,,( ,,! ,,capitol ,^! bronze doors1 ! c5tral & mo/ elaborate ( ! ,capitol1 7 model$ by ,r&olph ,rog]s at ,rome 9 #aheh1 & ca/ at ! ,royal ,bav>ian ,f\ndry 9 ,muni* by ,f]d9& von ,mull]1 director1 at a co/ ( #ag1jjj4 ,ea* ( ! doors is #ai feet high & #e feet wide4 ,!y are surm\nt$ by a semicircul> transom-panel or lunette repres5t+ ! l&+ ( ,columbus 9 ! ,new ,_w on ,octob] #ab1 #adib4 ,! cas+ bord] is a decorative s*eme compos$ ( an*ors1 rudd]s1 & armor2 f\r figures 9 l[ relief typify ,asia1 ,africa1 ,europe1 & ,am]ica4 ,at ! top ( ! cas+ ar* is a bu/ ( ,columbus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,doors ,,at ,,ma9 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,by ,,rog]s ,ea* ( ! doors is sep>at$ into f\r panels1 portray+ sc5es 9 alto-relief f life ( ,columbus4 ,! l[e/ panel on ! left-h& door pictures ,columbus be=e ! ,c\ncil ( ,salamanca4 ,!n foll[s 8 dep>ture f ! ,conv5t ( ,la ,rabida = ! ,spani% ,c\rt4 ,! next is ! audi5ce be=e ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 & ! la/ ! sail+ f ,palos on ! fir/ voyage4 ,! top panel on ! "r-h& door repres5ts ! fir/ enc\nt] ) ! ,indians4 ,! next ! triumphal entry into ,b>celona4 ,!n foll[s ,columbus 9 *a9s1 & ! la/ depicts ! dea? ( ! discov]]4 ,! bord]s ( ! sep>ate doors ea* conta9 eight figures repres5t+ prom95t p]sonages ( ! fifte5? c5tury :o play$ important p>ts 9 ! ev5ts connect$ ) ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,,bronze ,,doors ,,( ,,! ,,s5ate ,,w+ ,! bronze doors ( ! ,s5ate w+ 7 design$ by ,?omas ,craw=d1 sculptor1 ?\gh ! actual "w ( execut+ ! pla/] models 0 done by ,william ,h4 ,r9eh>t4 ,!y repres5t ,craw=d's la/ "w z a sculptor4 ,x 0 fir/ contemplat$ t "o ( ! doors %\ld be ca/ at ! ,royal ,bav>ian ,f\ndry 9 ,muni* & t ! o!r door %\ld be ca/ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! dea? ( ,?omas ,craw=d 9 #aheg & ! subsequ5t occurr5ce ( ! ,civil ,w> caus$ _m ( ! plans to be *ang$4 ,! doors1 ! fir/ ( t k9d 9 ,am]ica1 7 f9ally ca/ 9 #ahfh at ,*icopee1 ,mass41 by ,james ,t4 ,ames1 & ! exp5se1 #ej1jjj1 0 f> great] ?an 0 anticipat$ at ! "t :5 x 0 plann$ to h ! "w done 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y weigh #ad1jjj p\nds4 ,! sculptor1 ,r9eh>t1 receiv$ ab\t #i1jjj4 ,ea* ( ! doors consi/s ( ?ree panels & a m$allion pictur+ ev5ts ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,! upp] panel ( ! "r-h& door conta9s a repres5tation ( ! dea? ( ,g5]al ,w>r5 at ! ,battle ( ,bunk] ,hill on ,june #ag1 #agge2 ! c5t] panel %[s ,g5]al ,wa%+ton rebuk+ ,g54 ,*>les ,lee at ! ,battle ( ,monm\?1 ,n4 ,j41 on ,june #bh1 #aggh2 ! l[] panel pictures ! /orm+ ( a r$\bt at ,yorkt[n1 ,va41 l$ by ,alex&] ,hamilton1 on ,octob] #ad1 #agha2 ! m$allion at ! bottom repres5ts a conflict betwe5 a ,hessian soldi] & a ,new ,j]sey f>m]4 ,! m$allion at ! bottom ( ! left-h& door repres5ts ,peace & ,agriculture4 ,above is a panel %[+ ,g5]al ,wa%+ton pass+ und]nea? an ar* ( fl[]s at ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j41 :ile on 8 way to ,new ,york ,city to be inaugurat$ z ! fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ! middle panel repres5ts ,wa%+ton tak+ ! oa? ( (fice z ,presid5t1 :i* 0 adm9i/]$ by ,*ancellor ,liv+/on on ,april #cj1 #aghi--! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt _h n z yet be5 organiz$1 s t ! oa? c\ld n be adm9i/]$ by ! ,*ief ,ju/ice4 ,! top panel repres5ts ,presid5t ,wa%+ton lay+ ! corn] /one ( ! ,capitol on ,septemb] #ah1 #agic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,doors ,,at ,,! ,,s5ate ,,w+1 ,,by ,,craw=d ,,bronze ,,doors ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,w+ ,! bronze doors ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives resemble 9 g5]al outl9e & arrangem5t ! bronze doors ( ! ,s5ate4 ,ea* door consi/s ( ?ree panels & a m$allion pictur+ ev5ts 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,! design is t ( ,?omas ,craw=d1 sculptor1 b ! model+ & completion 0 t ( ,william ,h4 ,r9eh>t4 ,! models aft] be+ transport$ to ?is c\ntry rema9$ = a long "t 9 /orage & 7 f9ally ca/ by ,m4 ,h4 ,mosman1 at ,*icopee1 ,mass41 :o _h succe$$ to or cont9u$ ! bus9ess organization ( ,james ,t4 ,ames1 by :om ! ,s5ate doors 7 ca/4 ,! doors 7 in/all$ 9 ! autumn ( #aije1 ! co/ to ! ,gov]nm5t be+ #de1jjj4 ,! upp] panel ( ! left-h& door portrays ! ,massacre ( ,wyom+1 ,july #ag1 #aggh2 ! c5t] panel ! ,battle ( ,lex+ton1 ,april #ai1 #agge2 ! l[] panel pres5tation ( flag to ,g54 ,william ,m\ltrie = 8 def5se ( ,sullivans ,isl&1 ,*>le/on ,h>bor1 ,june #bh1 #aggf2 & ! m$allion at ! bottom %[s ! dea? ( ,g5]al ,montgom]y 9 ! attack on ,quebec1 ,decemb] #ca1 #agge4 ,! upp] panel ( ! "r-h& door depicts ! read+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce2 ! c5t] panel ! sign+ ( ! ,p>is treaty ( peace betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita91 ,septemb] #c1 #aghc2 ! l[] panel ,wa%+ton's f>ewell to 8 (fic]s at ,new ,york1 ,decemb] #d1 #aghc2 & ! m$allion at ! bottom conta9s a seat$ figure ( ,frankl9 9 8 /udy4 ,,! ,,congress ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,congress is "o ( ! ?ree coord9ate bran*es ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is ! legislative bran* & consi/s ( a ,s5ate1 to :i* ! ,memb]s1 two f ea* ,/ate1 are elect$ = a t]m ( six ye>s2 & ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 to :i* ! ,memb]s are elect$ = a t]m ( two ye>s4 ,! memb]%ip is bas$ on ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ,janu>y1 #aici1 numb]$ #dce ,memb]s4 ,! apportionm5t is made among ! sev]al ,/ates 9 ! ratio t ! :ole numb] ( p]sons 9 ea* ,/ate be>s to ! total population ( ! c\ntry4 ,/ates arrange = _! own congressional di/ricts aft] ! numb] ( ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives f ea* ,/ate has be5 det]m9$ ^u4 ,!re are 9 ! ,h\se1 also1 #b ,t]ritorial ,delegates--#a ea* f ,alaska & ,hawaii--& #b ,resid5t ,commission]s--#a f ! ,commonweal? ( ! ,philipp9es & #a f ,pu]to ,rico4 ,!y h ! "r to debate b n to vote4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,doors ,,at ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,w+1 ,,by ,,craw=d ,illu/ration3 ,,s5ate ,,*amb] ,illu/ration3 ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,*amb] ,! ,con/itution provides t ,congress %all assemble on ,janu>y #c ( ea* ye> 7#bj? am5dm5t72 & ea* ,congress usually consi/s ( two sessions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s5ate ,,(fice ,,build+ ,! p[]s ( ,congress are set =? 9 ,article ,i1 section #h ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* is divid$ into #ah clauses4 ,! p[] to raise rev5ue orig9ates 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 :i* c>ries ! burd5 9 provid+ necess>y appropriations2 ! ,s5ate has ! p[] ( confirm+ or reject+ appo9tm5ts made by ! ,presid5t & to ratify treaties4 ,measures are orig9at$ 9 ! =m ( bills or resolutions1 :i* are !reupon ref]r$ to committees = report be=e be+ introduc$ 9 ! ,s5ate or ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,! age requirem5t = eligibility z a ,memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives is #be ye>s1 & = ! ,s5ate #cj ye>s2 ea* p]son mu/ h be5 a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = sev5 ye>s & a citiz5 ( ! ,/ate f :i* elect$4 ,memb]s ( ,congress are by ! ,con/itution grant$ exemption f arre/ "u c]ta9 conditions :ile att5d+ ! sessions ( _! respective ,h\ses & 9 go+ to & return+ f su* sessions1 8& = any spee* or debate 9 ei!r ,h\se1 !y %all n be que/ion$ 9 any o!r place40 ,! proce$+s & debates 9 ,congress are publi%$ 9 ! ,congressional ,record1 :i* is pr9t$ daily at ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ) su* rapidity t ev5 ?\gh a session ( ,congress may cont9ue until late 9 ! night a copy ( ! ,record is at h& = ea* ,memb] ! foll[+ morn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,(fice ,,build+ ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,(fice ,,build+ ,a bill or resolution1 to become a law1 mu/ be pass$ by bo? ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate & approv$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,if !re are po9ts ( disagreem5t 9 ! ,s5ate or ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ! enactm5t ( legislation1 ea* body appo9ts conf]ees to settle ! po9ts 9 dispute4 ,! ,presid5t has ! p[] to veto a bill1 b ! measure c become law if reconsid]$ & pass$ by bo? ! ,s5ate & ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives by a two-?irds majority4 ,occasionally ! ,presid5t makes use ( ! 8pocket veto02 t is1 if ! bill 0 pass$ )9 #aj days 7,sundays except$7 ( ! adj\rnm5t ( ,congress1 ! ,presid5t may reta9 7pocket7 ! bill1 :i* is ?us kill$ at ! end ( ! session )\t ! int]position ( a direct veto1 & )\t risk+ ! *ances ( its passage ov] ! veto4 ,if ! ,presid5t does n int]pose ! ord9>y veto1 a bill becomes law at ! expiration ( #aj days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,union ,,/ation ,! ,presid5t is giv5 au?ority by ! ,con/itution to conv5e ei!r or bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress 9 extraord9>y session4 ,,s5ate ,,& ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,(fice ,,build+s ,! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,(fice ,build+s1 ! =m] flank+ ! ,capitol to ! nor? & ! latt] to ! s\?1 7 design$ by ,c>r]e ,ha/+s1 ar*itects1 & are 9 ! classical /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,a new ,h\se ,(fice ,build+1 design$ by ! ,alli$ ,ar*itects1 ,inc41 ( ,wa%+ton1 has rec5tly be5 complet$1 & also ! ,ea/ ,w+ ( ! ,s5ate ,(fice ,build+1 design$ by ,wye? ,sullivan1 ar*itects ( ,wa%+ton4 ,ea* ,s5ator is provid$ ) (fices ( f two to ?ree rooms1 & likewise ea* ,repres5tative1 except+ a few ^: (fices are 9 ! ,capitol4 ,,union ,,/ation ,9 ! design ( ! /ation mu* ?\ght 0 giv5 to ! ar*itectural features4 ,s9ce ,greece & ,rome h furni%$ ar*itectural inspiration = s _m ( ! public build+s ( ,wa%+ton1 a freely int]pret$ classic may be consid]$ z ! recogniz$ ar*itecture ( ^! /ructures2 & z ! new /ation 0 to be ! monum5tal gateway to ! ,national ,capital1 x seem$ fitt+ t ! ar*itectural motives %\ld be drawn f ! triumphal ar*es ( ,rome4 ,!y inspir$ ,mr4 ,burnham to design ! ,union ,/ation z he did4 ,con/ruction "w 0 begun 9 ,augu/1 #aijb1 ! t]m9al op5$ ,octob] #bg1 #aijg1 & 0 complet$ 9 ,april1 #aijh4 ,"s ( ! elem5ts ent]+ into ! design ( ! t]m9al 7 unique4 ,9 mo/ cities ! probable future gr[? & nature ( ! traffic plays an important "p 9 ! plann+ ( a pass5g] t]m9al4 ,wa%+ton has v little suburban traffic2 & z x w nev] become a comm]cial c5t]1 ! "q ( provid+ = future gr[? 0 ( m9or importance4 ,! ma9 problem 0 h[ to c>e = & provide aga9/ abnormal conditions1 :i* arise at lea/ once e f\r ye>s4 ,! h&l+ ( inauguration cr[ds _h always be5 a heavy exp5se to ! railroads1 because !y _h to provide su* elaborate tempor>y facilities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to provide adequate p]man5t facilities meant a l>ge exp5diture1 ) ! att5dant heavy c>ry+ *>ges4 ,on acc\nt ( ! dilapidat$ condition ( ! pass5g] facilities own$ by ! companies1 & ! urg5t ne$ ( l>g] & bett] t]m9als1 a union t]m9al seem$ to %[ advantages ov] ! sep>ate /ations provid$ = 9 ! acts ( #aija4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,comm]cial ,photo ,co4 ,,union ,,/ation--,,conc\rse ,! lay\t embraces e feature & facility involv$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a fir/-class t]m9al1 includ+ a depot build+ plann$ & con/ruct$ aft] ! mo/ mod]n l9es1 & conta9+ e feature = ! conv5i5ce1 com=t1 & pleasure ( ! travel+ public2 ! mo/ complete & up-to-date facilities = conduct+ ! bus9ess ( a l>ge railroad /ation2 a ma9 p[] plant = furni%+ p[] ( e k9d requir$ = ! successful op]ation ( ! /ation & y>ds2 a l>ge & completely equipp$ express t]m9al = c>+ = ! express bus9ess h&l$ by ! companies2 a mod]n commodi\s r\ndh\se & %op lay\t = c>+ = repairs to equipm5t2 ! mo/ complete int]lock+ lay\t & int]communication sy/em ev] con/ruct$2 "o ( ! mo/ complete pass5g]-equipm5t y>ds ev] built2 & a track sy/em cov]+ y>ds & ma9 tracks )9 ! pass5g]-t]m9al zone aggregat+ ab\t #fj miles ( s+le track4 ,! /ation build+ prop] is #fbf feet #aj in*es long & #baj feet #i in*es wide1 exclusive ( ! space tak5 up by ! columns 9 front ( ! c5tral pavilion or ma9 portico4 ,! front & ends are made up ( gr\ps ( semicircul> ar*es *>act]i/ic ( ,roman ar*itecture4 ,! ma9 portico or c5tral pavilion consi/s ( #c ar*es1 ea* #bi feet #f in*es wide & #dh feet #i in*es high4 ,flank+ x on ei!r side are #g ar*es1 ea* #ab feet #d in*es wide & #bd feet #h in*es high1 :ile ! end pavilions are compos$ ( ar*es #bb feet wide & #ch feet #f in*es high4 ,! we/ end is made up ( #e ar*es #ai feet #b in*es wide & #cg feet #g in*es high1 & #a ar* #ab feet #d in*es wide & #bd feet #h in*es high4 ,! =m] are us$ z exits = c>riages f ! c>riage por*1 ! latt] to c>ry out ! op5 portico treatm5t across ! front4 ,at ! ea/ end lead+ to ! op5 portico are #b w9d[s ) ar* treatm5t1 & !re are #e ar*es #ab feet #f in*es wide & #bd feet #h in*es high1 #a ar* #bb feet wide & #ch feet #f in*es high1 lead+ to a c>riage pavilion4 ,! ea/ pavilion leads to a suite ( rooms = ! use ( ! ,presid5t & ! gue/s ( ! ,nation1 ! we/ pavilion to ! c>riage por* at ! we/ end ( ! ticket lobby4 ,! c5tral & end pavilions are connect$ by a portico or loggia f #ad feet #f in*es to #af feet #f in*es wide1 ! portico & pavilions =m+ a cont9u\s cov]$ por* ! entire l5g? ( ! /ructure1 & af=d+ protection f ! elem5ts4 ,! ea/ & we/ w+s ( ! build+ are #fi feet #g in*es above ! floor level1 & ! domes ov] ! c>riage entrances are #gh feet #c in*es above ! same po9t4 ,! dome ov] ! ma9 wait+ room is #abb feet #aj in*es high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,union ,,/ation--,,wait+ ,,room ,! conc\rse 9 ! re> ( ! ma9 build+ is #gfj feet long & #acj feet wide1 exce$+ by ne>ly n9e feet ! l5g? ( ! ,capitol4 ,x is cov]$ by a segm5tal ar*$ ceil+ #de feet high 9 ! c5t] & #bb feet at ! spr++ l9e above ! ma9 floor4 ,ab\t #dj p] c5t ( ! ceil+ area is ( glass1 ! rema9d] is arti/ically c(f]$ ornam5tal pla/]4 ,! conc\rse is divid$ by ! usual tra9 f5ce into two sections1 t on ! /ation side be+ #hc feet & t on ! track side #dg feet wide4 ,!re are #cb tracks lead+ to ! /ation--#bj on ! level ( ! wait+ rooms & #ab depress$ bel[ ! /reet level a di/ance ( #bj feet4 ,two tubes ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co4 & ,s\!rn ,railway ,co41 ea* #af feet wide1 run f ! /ation s\? along ,fir/ ,/reet betwe5 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress & ! ,capitol = ab\t a mile4 ,at ! ,f\nta9 ( ,neptune ! tunnel is #dj feet bel[ ! surface4 ,approximately #bhe tra9s ent] & leave ! railway /ation ea* day2 ! daily numb] ( pass5g]s is approximately #cj1jjj4 ,! g5]al wait+ room has a cle> wid? ( #abj feet1 is #bai feet long1 exclusive ( ! colonnades1 & is cov]$ by a ,roman b>rel-vault$ ceil+1 its highe/ po9t1 exclusive ( c(f]s1 be+ #if feet above ! floor level4 ,! decorations are sunk5 panels patt]n$ aft] ! ba?s ( ,diocletian4 ,x is light$ by a semicircul> w9d[ #gb feet 9 diamet] at ! ea/ end1 by ?ree semicircul> w9d[s 9 ! s\? side & five on ! nor? side1 ea* #bg feet 9 diamet]1 & by ! glass ro( ov] ! ticket lobby at ! we/ end4 ,imp]ial ,rome at h] greate/ did n possess a hall ( su* proportions4 ,! ,union ,/ation is built ( ,v]mont :ite granite4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ?is massive build+ ,mr4 ,burnham set a /&>d = civic improvem5t = ! con/ruction ( railroad t]m9als 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! complete ar*itectural treatm5t ( ! front elevation ( ! /ation includes six /one /atues & f\r eagles1 ! =m] ov] ! c5tral pavilion1 & ! latt] ov] ! c>riage entrances at ! ea/ & we/ ends4 ,?is /atu>y is plac$ 9 front ( ! great friezes ov] ! ma9 entrance ar*es & ov] ! c>riage ar*ways &1 ) ! inscriptions 9 ! panels betwe51 h be5 made a special ar*itectural feature4 ,be=e ! adoption ( ! s*eme a numb] ( sugge/ions = ! subjects ( ! /atues & inscriptions 7 secur$1 rang+ f ! explor]s & discov]]s ( ?is c\ntry to ! v>i\s inv5tors :o h _h mo/ to d ) ! developm5t ( transportation4 ,! g5]al ar*itectural treatm5t ( ! build+1 h[ev]1 0 su* z to preclude ! usual portrait /atues4 ,to make !m take _! place z "p ( ! ar*itecture requir$ t !y be limit$ to allegorical drap$ figures1 =m+ simple1 massive silh\ettes aga9/ ! va/ frieze4 ,9 ! developm5t ( ! complete s*eme1 embrac+ ! subjects = ! /atu>y1 ) appropriate inscriptions 9 ! int]v5+ panels1 ! late ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 =m] presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 0 consult$4 ,! result is an appropriate & adequate treatm5t ( ! decorative frieze ov] ! doorway ( ! ve/ibule to ! ,capital ( ! ,nation4 ,! g5]al decorative features ( ! ma9 entrance to ! build+ consi/ ( six massive /one columns1 two on ea* side & "o 9 front ( ea* pi] support+ ! ma9 ar*es4 ,^u p$e/als on ! tops ( ^! columns ! granite /atues1 ab\t #ah feet high1 are plac$1 ^? on ! we/ side ( ! entrance repres5t+ ,prome!us & ,?ales1 typify+ ,fire & ,electricity1 ^? on ! ea/ side ,c]es & ,ar*im$es1 typify+ ,agriculture & ,me*anics1 :ile ,fre$om & ,imag9ation are depict$ by ! c5tral figures4 ,^? on ! we/ side repres5t two ( ! great =ces connect$ ) ! op]ation ( railroads1 :ile ^? on ! ea/ owe mu* ( _! developm5t & weal? to ! railroads4 ,! c5tral figures typify ! atmosph]e ( fre$om 9 :i* ! inv5tive imag9ation has be5 able to accompli% su* great results4 ,! columns flank+ ! c>riage entrances are surm\nt$ by /one eagles ab\t #h feet high4 ,! foll[+ inscriptions are cut 9 ! granite panels ov] ! ma9 entrance3 ,we/ 7,prome!us & ,?ales7 ,,fire--,,greate/ ,,( ,,discov]ies ,,enabl+ ,,man ,,to ,,live ,,9 ,,v>i\s ,,climates ,,use ,,_m ,,foods--,,& ,,compel ,,! ,,=ces ,,( ,,nature ,,to ,,d ,,8 ,,"w ,,electricity--,,c>ri] ,,( ,,light ,,& ,,p[] ,,dev\r] ,,( ,,"t ,,& ,,space--,,be>] ,,( ,,human ,,spee* ,,ov] ,,l& ,,& ,,sea ,,great ,,s]vant ,,( ,,man--,,itself ,,unkn[n ,,?\ ,,ha/ ,,put ,,all ,,?+s ,,"u ,,8 ,,feet ,c5tral 7,fre$om & ,imag9ation7 ,,sweet5] ,,( ,,hut ,,& ,,( ,,hall ,,br+] ,,( ,,life ,,out ,,( ,,naught ,,fre$om ,o ,,faire/ ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,daught]s ,,( ,,"t ,,& ,,?\ght ,,man',s ,,imag9ation ,,has ,,conceiv$ ,,all ,,numb]s ,,& ,,lett]s--,,all ,,tools1 ,,vessels ,,& ,,%elt]s--,,e ,,art ,,& ,,trade--,,all ,,philosophy ,,& ,,poetry--,,& ,,all ,,polities ,,! ,,tru? ,,%all ,,make ,,y ,,free ,ea/ 7,c]es & ,ar*im$es7 ,,! ,,f>m--,,be/ ,,home ,,( ,,! ,,family--,,ma9 ,,s\rce ,,( ,,national ,,weal?--,,f\ndation ,,( ,,civiliz$ ,,society--,,! ,,natural ,,provid5ce ,,! ,,old ,,me*anic ,,arts--,,controll+ ,,new ,,=ces--,,build ,,new ,,highways ,,= ,,goods ,,& ,,m5--,,ov]ride ,,! ,,ocean--,,& ,,make ,,! ,,v ,,e!r ,,c>ry ,,human ,,?\ght ,,! ,,des]t ,,%all ,,rejoice ,,& ,,blossom ,,z ,,! ,,rose ,9 ! panels ov] ! entrances to ! c>riage por* & /ate ap>tm5t ! foll[+ inscriptions are cut3 ,c>riage ,por* 7s\? elevation7 ,,he ,,t ,,w\ld ,,br+ ,,home ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,indies ,,mu/ ,,c>ry ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,indies ,,) ,,him ,,s ,,x ,,is ,,9 ,,travell+--,a ,,man ,,mu/ ,,c>ry ,,k ,,) ,,him ,,if ,,he ,,w\ld ,,br+ ,,home ,,k ,/ate ,ap>tm5t 7s\? elevation7 ,,let ,,all ,,! ,,ends ,,?\ ,,aime/ ,,at ,,be ,,?y ,,c\ntry',s1 ,,?y ,,god',s1 ,,& ,,tru?',s1 ,,be ,,noble1 ,,& ,,! ,,nobl5ess ,,t ,,lies ,,9 ,,o!r ,,m5--,,sleep+ ,,b ,,nev] ,,dead--,,w ,,rise ,,9 ,,maje/y ,,to ,,meet ,,?9e ,,own ,/ate ,ap>tm5t 7ea/ elevation7 ,,welcome ,,! ,,com+ ,,spe$ ,,! ,,p>t+ ,,gue/ ,,virtue ,,alone ,,is ,,sweet ,,society ,,x ,,keeps ,,! ,,key ,,to ,,all ,,h]oic ,,he>ts ,,& ,,op5s ,,y ,a ,,welcome ,,9 ,,!m ,,all ,! decorations imm$iately 9 front ( & along ! sides ( ! ea/ & we/ entrances consi/ ( /one balu/rades ^u :i* at prop] int]vals are ornam5tal lamp po/s4 ,imm$iately 9 front ( ! ma9 entrance to ! ,union ,/ation !re are ?ree ornam5tal iron flag/affs #aaj feet 9 height1 ! ornam5tal base & decorative portions ( :i* are 9 bronze4 ,^! 7 design$ by ,d4 ,h4 ,burnham ,co41 ar*itects ( ! ,union ,/ation4 ,s9ce ! completion ( ! ,union ,/ation 9 #aijh !re h also be5 plac$ on ! ,plaza ! ,columbus ,memorial ,f\nta9 9 front ( ! ma9 entrance1 & two l>ge f\nta9s1 "o on ea* side ( ! memorial4 ,all /one us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,plaza1 except t 9 ! b[ls ( ! f\nta9s1 is ,v]mont :ite granite1 f ! same qu>ry z t us$ 9 ! /ation build+4 ,! f\nta9 b[ls are ( ,ma9e gre5 granite4 ,! upp] b[ls are #ac feet 9 diamet] & cut f a s+le piece ( /one2 ! l[] b[ls are #bb feet #f in*es 9 diamet]1 ! rims be+ made f eight sep>ate pieces ( granite4 ,! bottoms ( ^! b[ls are ( re9=c$ concrete & are l9$ ) %eet lead4 ,,wa%+ton ,,city ,,po/ ,,(fice ,! ,wa%+ton ,city ,po/ ,(fice mov$ into its pres5t qu>t]s on ,septemb] #e1 #aiad4 ,! build+ faces on ,massa*usetts ,av5ue & ext5ds f ,nor? ,capitol ,/reet to ,fir/ ,/reet ,,ne4 ,at ! "t ( occupancy x 0 consid]$ ! model po/ (fice = ! re/ ( ! c\ntry1 be+ provid$ ) ! mo/ mod]n mail-h&l+ equipm5t t human +5uity c\ld devise4 ,!re are conveyor belts ?r\gh a tunnel "u ! /reets = br++ ! enorm\s am\nt ( ,gov]nm5t mail f ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice directly into ! po/ (fice1 :]e x is made up = dispat* to tra9s2 o!r belts = convey+ mail f "o section ( ! (fice to ano!r2 bucket lifts = rais+ mail f a l[] to a high] floor2 gravity *utes to s5d mail f an upp] to a l[] level2 m9iature trolley sy/ems to c>ry small] am\nts ( mail1 or ev5 s+le important lett]s1 f "o section ( ! workroom floor to ano!r2 & o!r devices to save foot/eps ( ! employees & cons]ve _! "t4 ,! build+ is ?ree /ories above ! gr\nd level & two /ories bel[4 ,! two upp] floors & "o ( ! l[] ones are giv5 ov] to ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t activities1 su* z ! ,po/al ,sav+s ,division1 ! ,division ( ,/amps1 ! ,division ( ,equipm5t & ,supplies1 & o!rs4 ,! build+ is s con/ruct$ t ! maximum ( natural daylight is p]mitt$ to ent]4 ,x has no heat+ plant ( its own1 be+ suppli$ ) heat f ! plant locat$ at ,fir/ & ,e ,/reets ,,se4 t supplies ! ,capitol1 ,s5ate & ,h\se ,(fice ,build+s1 & ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice4 ,! necess>y pipes are br\ght into ! build+ ?r\gh und]gr\nd tunnels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton ,,city ,,po/ ,,(fice ,!re are approximately #f acres ( floor space available = ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ ,(fice4 ,?is additional space 0 secur$ by a new addition4 ,x 0 ?\ght at ! "t ! po/ (fice mov$ into its new qu>t]s t ! floor space provid$ w\ld be ample to take c>e ( all increases 9 ! volume ( mail = a p]iod ( #ej ye>s4 ,9 a few ye>s ! (fice f> outgrew ?is space1 & ,congress appropriat$ = an addition to ! build+ ab\t equal 9 size to ! orig9al "o4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is addition co/ #d1jjj1jjj4 ,! orig9al build+ co/ #c1jbh1jjj1 & ! g5]al /yle ( ! ar*itecture is t ( ! monum5tal "w ( ,roman times & 0 design$ by ,peirce ,&]son1 ar*itect1 to h>monize ) ! ,union ,/ation1 :i* adjo9s1 & to :i* x is connect$ by a cov]$ bridge1 ov] :i* mail to & f ! tra9s is truck$4 ,! ma9 ext]ior motive consi/s ( an ,ionic colonnade flank$ by corn] pavilions treat$ ) r\nd ar*es1 inclos$ 9 a /rong frame ( columns & pila/]s & surm\nt$ by solid attics c>ry+ inscriptions z foll[s3 ,,mess5g] ,,( ,,sympa?y ,,& ,,love ,,s]vant ,,( ,,p>t$ ,,fri5ds ,,consol] ,,( ,,! ,,lonely ,,bond ,,( ,,! ,,scatt]$ ,,family ,,enl>g] ,,( ,,! ,,common ,,life ,,c>ri] ,,( ,,news ,,& ,,k ,,in/rum5t ,,( ,,trade ,,& ,,indu/ry ,,promot] ,,( ,,mutual ,,acqua9tance ,,( ,,peace ,,& ,,( ,,good ,,w ,,among ,,m5 ,,& ,,nations ,_m visitors to ,wa%+ton w /op & read ^! inscriptions &1 be+ int]e/$ 9 ! au?or%ip !re(1 w make inquiry conc]n+ x4 ,rese>* %[s t ! orig9als 7 prep>$ by ,dr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 at t "t presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 b t "s slight *anges 7 made 9 ! text by ! late ,presid5t ,wilson to ! ext5t ( ! alt]ation ( "s ?ree or f\r words4 ,x is ?is revision t appe>s on ! build+4 ,! mat]ial ( ! ext]ior ( ! build+ is ,v]mont :ite granite & is ! same z t us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,union ,/ation4 ,! g5]al treatm5t ( ! ma9 lobby1 :i* is #bej feet 9 l5g?1 is t ( a high cella1 #cj feet wide & #ec feet high1 & surr\nd$ by an ord] ( pila/]s 9 ,tav]nelle m>ble4 ,! adjo9+ ve/ibules are ornam5t$ by #bd monoli?ic columns ( gray-gre5 granite f ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,^! columns are #b feet & #d in*es 9 diamet] & #bj feet 9 height4 ,! floor is ( ,t5nessee m>ble1 laid 9 patt]ns ( p9ks & grays4 ,! ma9 lobby ceil+ has an elaborate c(f]$ design inspir$ f ! be/ p]iod ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress ,! gross receipts ( ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ ,(fice h increas$ f #a1gib1iag 9 #aiad to ne>ly #g1jjj1jjj 9 #aich4 ,9 ord] to make po/al facilities z easily accessible z possible1 !re are locat$ ?r\gh\t ! city #ca classifi$ & #da contract /ations4 ,to prop]ly transport mail f ! ma9 (fice to ! v>i\s /ations1 electric-l9e t]m9als1 /eamboat :>ves1 & aviation fields1 & to make collections f ! /reet lett] boxes & deliv] p>cel-po/ packages1 ! (fice op]ates a fleet ( fully #ajj ,gov]nm5t-own$ automobile trucks4 ,design$ by ,graham ,&]son1 ,prob/ ,:ite & built ( :ite ,v]mont granite1 ! addition 0 complet$ 9 #aicg & x d\bl$ ! size ( ! city po/ (fice4 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ! _w's l>ge/ & mo/ elaborate build+ devot$ :olly to libr>y uses1 occupies two city squ>es ea/ ( & fac+ ! ,capitol ,gr\nds1 also an addition rec5tly complet$4 ,! ar*itecture is ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance ord]1 f plans made by ,j4 ,j4 ,smi?mey] & ,paul ,pelz1 & modifi$ by ,edw>d ,p4 ,casey4 ,! ext]ior walls are ( ,new ,hamp%ire granite4 ,fifty ma/]s ( pa9t+ & sculpture work$ toge!r to make x a treasure h\se ( ! be/ contempor>y ,am]ican art1 fit to %elt] "o ( ! greate/ libr>ies ( ! _w4 ,army eng9e]s sup]9t5d$ its con/ruction4 ,begun 9 #ahhf1 complet$ 9 #ahig1 ! build+ measures #cdj feet by #dgj feet & cov]s ab\t #c acres4 ,its co/ to date has be5 #g1hfh1iea4 ,! addition 0 design$ by ,pi]son ,wilson1 ar*itects ( ,wa%+ton1 & built ( ,georgia m>ble4 ,9 front ( ! ,libr>y is a bronze f\nta9 by ,h9ton ,p]ry1 sculptor1 repres5t+ ! ,c\rt ( ,neptune4 ,! gr& /air hall ( ! entrance pavilion is ( ,italian :ite m>ble1 is p>ticul>ly beautiful at night1 :5 visitors delight to see x4 ,x leads to ! great rotunda1 :i* is ! read+ room4 ,to ! "r are ! libr>y rooms ( ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives & ! p]iodical room4 ,to ! left are ! rooms = ! bl9d & ! cons]vatory ( music4 ,on ! second floor at ! head ( ! /aircase is ,elihu ,v$d]'s fam\s mosaic1 ,m9]va4 ,on ?is floor also are on exhibition ! orig9al ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! orig9al ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ,gut5b]g ,bible4 ,to ! "r is ! pr9ts division1 n[ call$ ! division ( f9e arts1 & to ! left ! manuscripts division4 ,illu/ration3 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress--,,gr& ,,/aircase ,! read+ room conta9s ! c>d-index catalogue ( ! books 9 ! ,libr>y1 w accommodate #a1jjj read]s at a "t1 & is free to any read] ov] #af ye>s ( age4 ,! alcoves are devot$ to books on p>ticul> subjects4 ,! read+ room is "u ! dome1 :i* is #ajj feet 9 diamet] & #aie feet high to ! lant]n4 ,9 ! lant]n ( ! dome is a female figure indicat+ ,human ,und]/&+1 & on ! coll> surr\nd+ ! lant]n1 #aej feet 9 circumf]5ce1 is ! ,evolution ( ,civilization1 symbolic ( ! #ab nations & epo*s :i* h contribut$ to ! _w's advance--bo? great works ( art by ,edw9 ,h[l& ,bla%field4 ,! dome is beautifully decorat$1 & ! s]ies ( /atues 9 bronze by fam\s ,am]ican sculptors at int]vals on ! balu/rade encircl+ ! rotunda make ! sc5e impressive4 ,! pill>s 9 ! rotunda are #dj feet high1 ! w9d[s #cb feet wide4 ,!re are #af bronze /atues surr\nd+ ! rail+ ( ! gall]y "u ! dome1 repres5t+ lead]s 9 great fields ( le>n+1 z foll[s3 ,religion3 ,moses ! great lawgiv]1 hold+ ! ,tables ( ! ,law1 giv5 at ,m\nt ,s9ai1 by ,*>les ,h5ry ,niehaus2 ,/4 ,paul1 ) sword & scroll1 by ,john ,donoghue4 ,comm]ce3 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 by ,paul ,b>tlett2 ,rob]t ,fulton1 hold+ a model ( 8 fir/ /eamboat1 ,cl]mont1 by ,lewis ,pott]4 ,hi/ory3 ,h]odotus1 ! 8,fa!r ( ,hi/ory10 by ,daniel ,*e/] ,fr5*2 ,edw>d ,gibbon1 au?or ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 by ,c4 ,h4 ,niehaus4 ,art3 ,mi*elangelo1 by ,paul ,b>tlett2 ,bee?ov51 by ,!odor ,bau]4 ,philosophy3 ,plato1 by ,john ,j4 ,boyle2 ,francis ,bacon1 by ,john ,j4 ,boyle4 ,poetry3 ,hom]1 by ,augu/us ,sa9t-,gaud5s2 ,%akespe>e1 by ,fr$]ick ,w4 ,mac,monnies4 ,law3 ,solon1 by ,f4 ,well+ton ,ruck/uhl2 ,james ,k5t1 by ,george ,e4 ,bissell4 ,sci5ce3 ,newton1 by ,cyrus ,e4 ,dall92 ,joseph ,h5ry1 by ,h]b]t ,adams4 ,num]\s pa9t+s1 mosaics1 & inscriptions adorn ! int]ior walls4 ,! d>k ,t5nessee1 ! r$ ,numidia1 & ! %ades ( yell[ ,si5na m>ble give ! room a ri* color effect4 ,:5 ! collection ( a million books 0 mov$ f ! cr[d$ ,capitol x 0 believ$ t ! increase = ! next hundr$ ye>s _h be5 amply provid$ =2 b be=e #ae ye>s _h pass$ x _h be5 f\nd necess>y to ro( ov] "o ( ! f\r great op5 c\rts 7m ?an a qu>t] ( an acre 9 ext5t7 & fill x ) a #aj-/ory /eel book/ack to hold #a1ejj1jjj volumes4 ,by #aibg ano!r c\rt _h be5 fill$ ) a #ad-/ory /ack4 ,two ye>s lat] f\r levels 7 add$ to ! fir/ ( ^! c\rt /acks1 mak+ ! two equal4 ,to meet ! great increase 9 ! future1 ,congress appropriat$ = ! pur*ase ( a squ>e & a half ( l& to ! ea/w>d & ! con/ruction ( an annex build+ co/+ #i1cjj1jjj4 ,to ! annex w be transf]r$ ! copyright (fice1 c>d division1 pr9t]y1 & b9d]y1 b leav+ room 9 x = eight or t5 million volumes ( less active mat]ial1 su*1 = example1 z ! #ig1jjj volumes ( b\nd newspap]s4 ,!re are #bj acres ( floor space 9 ! new build+4 ,! ,libr>y's res\rces = rese>* are unsurpass$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e2 its s]vice z a national libr>y is unexcell$4 ,! pr9t$ book collection on ,june #cj1 #aich1 total$ #e1eia1jjj1 surpass$ 9 numb]s only by t ( ! ,biblio?que ,national 9 ,p>is1 & increas+ at a great] rate ?an ^? 9 any o!r libr>y4 ,la/ ye> #aif1jjj volumes 7 add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress ,,addition ,f\nd$ 9 #ahjj by an act appropriat+ #e1jjj = ! pur*ase ( 8books = ! use ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress10 ! ,libr>y cont9u$1 d[n to ! midpo9t ( its #aci ye>s ( hi/ory1 to be no m ?an its "n implies--a collection = ! use ( ! ,national ,legislature4 ,by #ahfe ! ,libr>y _h atta9$ a gr[? ( #hb1jjj volumes1 :i* 0 notable among ,am]ican libr>ies nei!r 9 size nor 9 s]vice r5d]$4 ,! collections include ! libr>y ( ,?omas ,jeff]son 7#f1gfj volumes1 ! nucleus ( ! pres5t collections1 pur*as$ = #bc1iej 9 #ahae71 ! ,pet] ,=ce & ! ,ton] collections ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution's unequal$ collection ( ! proce$+s ( le>n$ societies ( ! _w1 ! ,yud9 collection ( ,russian books 7) lat] additions probably ! l>ge/ outside ( ,russia71 ! collection ( ,john ,boyd ,?a*] 7fifte5?-c5tury books1 & books on ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 e>ly ,am]icana1 autographs ( ,european notables71 ! ,s*iff-,de9>d collection ( ,hebrew lit]ature1 & #acj1jjj ,*9ese books1 und]/ood to be "o ( ! l>ge/ & be/-organiz$ collections outside ! ,ori5t4 ,mo/ notable among rec5t accessions is ! ,vollbehr collection ( #c1jjj fifte5?-c5tury books 7incunabula71 = ^: pur*ase ,congress appropriat$ #a1ejj1jjj 9 ,july1 #aicj4 ,! gem ( ?is gr\p is ! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 "o ( ! ?ree extant p]fect copies on vellum ( ! fir/ great book pr9t$ 9 ,europe f movable type 7,a4 ,d4 #adej-adee74 ,illu/ration3 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress--,,read+ ,,room ,manuscripts relat+ *iefly to ,am]ican hi/ory are among ! ,libr>y's greate/ treasures4 ,! reproduc+ by photography ( manuscript mat]ials = ,am]ican hi/ory 9 =eign ar*ives & libr>ies1 :i* s9ce #aibg has =m$ s significant a portion ( ! division's "w1 has add$ m ?an #b1jjj1jjj pages to ! res\rces :i* /ud5ts ( t hi/ory c use 9 ,wa%+ton )\t go+ to ,europe4 ,*ief among orig9als beyond all price are ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--bo? add$ 9 #aiba--! p]sonal pap]s ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton1 _m ,presid5ts1 & o!r /atesm54 ,! ,libr>y is ri* 9 music4 ,?is collection numb]s ov] #a1aid1jjj pieces & volumes1 surpass$ only 9 two or ?ree ,european libr>ies4 ,an auditorium ( #ejj seats1 giv5 & ri*ly end[$ by ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,sprague ,coolidge1 provides free conc]ts & lectures4 ,o!r notable gr\ps are #a1djj1jjj maps & views2 #edb1jjj engrav+s & o!r pictorial reproductions1 includ+ ! spl5did ,p5nell collections2 ! law libr>y 7#djd1jjj volumes74 ,! social & political sci5ces are repres5t$ by #hij1ejj volumes1 language & lit]ature by #cej1jjj1 hi/ory by #dbj1jjj1 & pure sci5ce by #bfe1ejj4 ,! mo/ rec5t important developm5t 9 s]vice is ! division ( a]onautics1 e/abli%$ ?r\gh a b5efaction ( #adj1jjj f ! ,daniel ,gugg5heim ,fund = ,a]onautics1 n[ supplem5t$ by an annual congressional appropriation4 ,special facilities = s]i\s rese>* include "s #ej individual /udy rooms & 7else:]e7 #abe special desks or tables4 ,int]libr>y loans = inve/igators ^: "w is likely to advance ! b\nd>ies ( k are s5t f> & wide ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates & "s abroad4 ,!re is a s]vice = bl9d read]s :i* la/ ye> loan$ #db1jjj volumes 9 emboss$ type to "s #c1jjj read]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,pr9t$ catalogue c>ds1 numb]+ #aaj1jjj1jjj1 prep>$ by ! ,libr>y = its own catalogues1 are sold at co/ to "s #f1cjj o!r libr>ies1 effect+ = ! subscrib]s prodigi\s sav+s 9 _! catalogu+ bills b yield+ a rev5ue to ! ,treasury ( #cbh1dje4 ,until v rec5tly ,congress alone provid$ ! funds to meet all ! ,libr>y's exp5ses1 except+ "o gift ( #bj1jjj receiv$ 9 #aijd4 ,b 9 #aibe ! ,libr>y ( ,congress ,tru/ ,fund ,bo>d 0 creat$ by ,congress1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury & ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress be+ ex (ficio *airman & secret>y ( ! bo>d1 respectively4 ,! act au?oriz$ ! bo>d to receive & inve/ funds = p]man5t end[m5ts1 & ! ,libr>ian to receive gifts ( money = imm$iate disbursem5t4 ,already end[m5ts aggregat+ ab\t #b1jjj1jjj & gift funds ( #a1dae1jjj = imm$iate exp5diture h be5 receiv$ & h yield$ an income f #aibe to #aich ( #gbf1jjj4 ,^! new res\rces add to ! bibliographic app>atus & support a project = develop+ an ar*ive ( ,am]ican folk song4 ,"o end[m5t yields #d1jjj p] ye> = ! pur*ase ( rec5t ,hispanic lit]ature & employs a consultant to sugge/ items = pur*ase 9 ?is p>ticul> field4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,indep5d5ce ,,& ,,! ,,con/itution ,six consultants1 m5 ( pr(essional rank & exp]i5ce1 are engag$ 7)\t any adm9i/rative duties7 9 advis+ ! matur] us]s ( ! ,libr>y 9 _! inve/igations4 ,?is unique s]vice is to be f\nd n[h]e else 9 libr>ies4 ,notable among gifts are ^? ( ,john ,d4 ,rockefell]1 jr4--"o ( #dej1jjj = ! acquisition 9 facsimile copies ( s\rce mat]ial = ,am]ican hi/ory exi/+ 9 ! ar*ives ( =eign c\ntries1 & ano!r ( #bej1jjj = ! developm5t ( a great union catalogue ( important books 9 o!r ,am]ican libr>ies4 ,! s*eme ( classification1 cov]+ #e1jjj pr9t$ pages1 has be5 adopt$ 9 #hj l>ge libr>ies 9 ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,h]b]t ,putnam1 ! ,libr>ian1 took (fice on ,april #e1 #ahii4 ,! ,libr>y /aff1 organiz$ 9 #cj divisions1 consi/s ( #a1jee p]sons1 ( :om #ehe are do+ libr>y "w prop]2 #acf h&le ! copyright bus9ess1 :i* s9ce #ahgj has be5 "u direction ( ! ,libr>ian2 #bjd con/itute ! build+ =ce1 :i* gu>ds ! build+ day & night1 keeps x 9 beautiful ord]1 att5ds to heat+1 light+1 & v5tilat+ ! #ae acres ( floor space1 vacuum cleans--! ye> r\nd--! #afb miles ( books1 & looks aft] ! c\ntless o!r me*anical matt]s4 ,! rema9d] 7#aaa p]sons7 are pr9t]s & bookb9d]s engag$ on ,libr>y "w1 b "u ! ,public ,pr9t]'s direction2 #ai are engag$ on special projects4 ,,folg] ,,%akespe>e ,,libr>y ,:5 ,h5ry ,c4 ,folg]1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 decid$ to build ! libr>y 8 fir/ ?\ght 0 to h ?is monum5t to ! glory ( ,%akespe>e design$ 9 h>mony ) ! ar*itecture ( ,%akespe>e's "t4 ,h[ev]1 ! libr>y be+ 9 ,wa%+ton1 v ne> ! ,capitol1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ,s5ate ,(fice ,build+s1 & ! ,libr>y ( ,congress 7to :i* gr\p 0 add$ ! ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+71 made x appe> some:at dang]\s to introduce ,elizabe?an ar*itecture 9 su* a classical frame4 ,aft] a conf]5ce ) ,dr4 ,paul ,cret1 ar*itect1 & ,alex&] ,b4 ,tr[bridge1 consultant1 ,mr4 ,folg] agre$ ) ?is view1 & a :ite m>ble /ructure ( classic design 0 agre$ ^u4 ,h[ev]1 if ! faades ( a build+ are "p ( ! sc5]y1 once ! door is pass$1 x is q legitimate to h>monize ! int]iors ) ! collections !re9 display$4 ,x 0 ) ?is end 9 view t ! g5]al plan 0 /udi$ & adopt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,folg] ,,%akespe>e ,,libr>y ,! requirem5ts ( ! donor necessitat$ a read+ room z free z possible f di/urbance1 & to f9d1 = ! b5efit ( ! public1 a room :]e c\ld be display$ "s select$ mat]ial--books1 pr9ts1 co/umes1 pa9t+s1 & works ( art relat+ to ,%akespe>e4 ,an exhibition room & !at] 7 laid out to =m a some:at sep>at$ unit4 ,! location ( ?is read+ room on ! c\rty>d side away f ! /reet noise is also m favorable to /udy4 ,bel[ ! read+ room are two /ories ( /acks fully light$ by ! c\rty>d4 ,! exhibition hall & ! read+ room =m ! c5t] ( ! plan4 ,! ea/ w+ is occupi$ by ! lecture room-!at]1 :i* has its own lobby1 & c be us$ at night indep5d5tly ( ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,! retir+ rooms & dress+ rooms are 9 ! basem5t1 & /airs lead to ! balcony4 ,! we/ w+ is occupi$ by ! adm9i/ration4 ,on ! ma9 floor are ! f\nd]'s rooms & ! (fices ( ! director1 8 assi/ants1 & cl]ks4 ,on ! second floor are ! libr>y /aff workrooms & five private /udy rooms = s*ol>s4 ,! ov]-all size ( ! build+ is #bbf feet by #aaa feet4 ,x rises to a height ( #dh feet on a prop]ty #cfd feet by #ahf feet4 ,"w 0 />t$ 9 ,novemb] #aibi4 ,! faades 7 to h>monize 9 masses & mat]ial ) classic ,wa%+ton4 ,a quiet mod]n ,georgia m>ble faade1 ) silv] grilles & balconies1 0 design$1 us+1 z pr9cipal decoration1 a set ( n9e bas-reliefs illu/rat+ ,%akespe>e's plays & "s inscriptions emphasiz+ its purpose ( memorial to a great poet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,exhibition ,,hall--,,folg] ,,%akespe>e ,,libr>y ,! sculptural !me is bas$ on ! foll[+ plays3 ,macbe?1 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ,k+ ,le>1 ,julius ,caes>1 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,ri*>d ! ,?ird1 ,hamlet1 & ,h5ry ! ,f\r?4 ,_! execution 0 entru/$ to ,john ,gregory ( ,new ,york4 ,!y are plac$ s z to h m importance ?an ! usual frieze--bel[ ea* w9d[ ( ! exhibition room1 at ! prop] height = ! pass]-by1 & along a m>ble t]race rais$ #c feet above ! /reet level4 ,illu/ration3 ,,smi?sonian ,,in/itution ,,smi?sonian ,,in/itution ,! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 0 e/abli%$ by act ( ,congress 9 #ahdf1 "u ! t]ms ( ! w ( ,james ,smi?son1 an ,engli%man1 :o 9 #ahbf bequea!d 8 =tune to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to f\nd1 at ,wa%+ton1 "u ! "n ( ! 8,smi?sonian ,in/itution10 an e/abli%m5t = ! 8increase & diffusion ( k among m540 ,! ,in/itution is legally an e/abli%m5t1 hav+ z its memb]s ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,vice ,presid5t1 ! ,*ief ,ju/ice1 & ! ,presid5t's ,cab9et4 ,x is gov]n$ by a ,bo>d ( ,reg5ts4 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution is its executive (fic] & ! director ( its activities4 ,! build+ 0 design$ by ,james ,r5wick1 ar*itect4 ,! reg5ts are emp[]$ to accept gifts )\t action ( ,congress1 9 fur!rance ( ! purpose ( ! ,in/itution1 & to adm9i/] tru/s 9 accordance !re)4 ,?r\gh\t its hi/ory1 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution has conduct$ & enc\rag$ important sci5tific rese>*es1 explorations1 & inve/igations1 :i* h contribut$ l>gely to ! advancem5t ( k1 & !reby accompli%+ ! 8increase ( k40 ,! 8diffusion ( k0 is c>ri$ on ?r\gh sev]al s]ies ( publications bas$ on its rese>*es & collections1 ?r\gh its museum & art gall]y exhibits1 & ?r\gh an ext5sive correspond5ce4 ,! ,smi?sonian issues #ac s]ies ( sci5tific publications :i* are di/ribut$ free to libr>ies1 le>n$ societies1 & educational in/itutions ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x also ma9ta9s a libr>y ( #hgf1jjj volumes1 :i* consi/s ma9ly ( transactions ( le>n$ societies & sci5tific p]iodicals4 ,! ,in/itution has *>ge ( ! ,national ,museum1 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art1 ! ,national ,collection ( ,f9e ,arts1 ! ,fre] ,gall]y ( ,art1 ! ,int]national ,ex*ange ,s]vice1 ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 ! ,national ,zoological ,p>k1 & ! ,a/rophysical ,obs]vatory 7) sev]al field /ations74 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum is ! depository ( ! national collections4 ,x is ri* 9 ! natural hi/ory1 geology1 paleontology1 ar*eology1 & e?nology ( ,am]ica1 & has l>ge & important collections illu/rat+ ,am]ican hi/ory1 includ+ milit>y & naval mat]ial1 & also valuable s]ies relat+ to arts & indu/ries4 ,x is an educational & rese>* museum & issues sci5tific publications4 ,its a]onautical collection includes ! airplane ,! ,_s ( ,/4 ,l\is1 deposit$ by ,col4 ,*>les ,a4 ,l9db]gh 9 ! spr+ ( #aibh4 ,! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art is a bureau ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution creat$ by jo9t resolution ( ,congress approv$ ,m>* #bd1 #aicg1 z a result ( ! gift ( ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon to ! ,nation ( 8 art collection ( ma/]pieces valu$ at #ej1jjj1jjj & #aj1jjj1jjj to erect a build+ to h\se x4 ,! above act accept+ ,mr4 ,mellon's gift provid$ t ! art collections already 9 possession ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution & !re=e designat$ ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art %\ld !reaft] be kn[n z ! ,national ,collection ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,! ,national ,gall]y ( ,art is adm9i/]$ = ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 9 :i* title is ve/$1 by a ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees4 ,! monum5tal m>ble build+1 design$ by ,john ,russell ,pope1 is n[ "u con/ruction on ! site on ! nor? side ( ! ,mall betwe5 ,f\r? & ,sev5? ,/reets4 7,see p4 #bha = illu/ration47 ,! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology is engag$ p>ticul>ly 9 ! collection ( in=mation relat+ to ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,! ,national ,zoological ,p>k has an area ( #age acres & is locat$ adjac5t to ,rock ,creek ,p>k4 ,its collection comprises ab\t #c1jjj animals4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 9 :i* ! pr9t+ & bookb9d+ = ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! ,national ,gov]nm5t is execut$1 is locat$ on ,nor? ,capitol ,/reet betwe5 ,g & ,h ,/reets ,,nw4 ,cov]+ almo/ a city block ) its eight-/ory1 r$-brick build+1 ?is plant is ! be/-equipp$ & is reput$ to be ! l>ge/ pr9t+ (fice ( its k9d 9 ! _w4 ,pr9t+ = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 fir/ m5tion$ dur+ ! initial session ( ,congress1 9 #aghi1 9 ! =m ( a recomm5dation to t body t proposals be invit$ = 8pr9t+ ! laws & o!r proce$+s ( ,congress40 ,! fir/ specific appropriation = public pr9t+ 0 pass$ 9 #agid1 :5 an exp5diture ( #aj1jjj 0 au?oriz$ = 8firewood1 /ation]y1 & pr9t+40 ,betwe5 #ahjd & #ahad1 ,congress _h no fix$ policy 9 relation to pr9t+4 ,a contract sy/em by ! l[e/ bidd] 0 adopt$4 ,! plan prevail$ = #e ye>s b 0 v unsatisfactory1 & ,congress 0 compell$ to look = a bett] me?od4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahah1 bo? h\ses pass$ a resolution appo9t+ a jo9t committee to 8consid] & report :e!r any fur!r provisions ( law are necess>y to insure dispat*1 accuracy1 & neatness 9 pr9t+ ! docum5ts ( ! two ,h\ses ( ,congress40 ,! inquiries by ?is committee l$ !m to ,new ,york & ,philadelphia1 :]e !y /udi$ pr9t+ co/s & me?ods1 & ^u return+ to ,wa%+ton !y made a report decl>+ mo/ emphatically = ! e/abli%m5t ( a national pr9t+ (fice z ! only means by :i* ,congress c\ld secure necess>y pr9t+ at reasonable co/s4 ,no def9ite action 0 tak5 on ! report1 ) ! result t = ! next =ty-odd ye>s ! me?od ( h&l+ public pr9t+ 0 con/antly *ang+4 ,"s ye>s !re 0 a 8,pr9t] to ! ,s5ate0 & a 8,pr9t] to ! ,h\se10 bo? elect$ by a ballot ( ,congress1 & 9 o!r ye>s !re 0 a 8,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,pr9t+40 ,altoge!r x 0 exp5sive & impractical1 & by act ( ,congress on ,june #bc1 #ahfj1 a national pr9t+ (fice 0 au?oriz$4 ,on ,febru>y #ai1 #ahfa1 #ace1jjj 0 appropriat$1 & ) ?is money ! pr9t+ e/abli%m5t ( ,joseph ,t4 ,cr[ell1 locat$ at ,h & ,nor? ,capitol ,/reets1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 0 pur*as$1 ^u approval ( ! ,jo9t ,committee on ,pr9t+4 ,?is build+ _h be5 con/ruct$ 9 #ahef by ,cornelius ,w5dell1 z a private (fice4 ,! build+ at t "t 0 #bdc by #fa feet1 #d /ories high1 b by subsequ5t appropriations up to #ahgf sev]al additions 7 made to ! orig9al /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,! plant1 z tak5 ov] 9 #ahfa1 employ$ betwe5 #cjj & #djj p]sons & evid5tly 01 = t p]iod1 v complete4 ,x consi/$ ( a dry+ room1 pressroom1 wett+ room1 job room1 fold+ room1 read+ room1 (fice1 b9d]y1 ma*9e %op1 boil] h\se1 & /able4 ,among "s ( ! items ( equipm5t 7 #a timepiece1 #e wr5*es1 "o #dj-;horse eng9e1 #ajd pressbo>ds1 #b wett+ tubs1 & a l>ge assortm5t ( book & job type4 ,! read+ room _h eight arm*airs1 two p9e desks1 & "o mahogany desk4 ,! b9d]y _h b few ma*9es1 ) only #b rul+ & #b cutt+ ma*9es1 b ! li/ c>ri$ #aj pairs ( %e>s1 #d bodk9s1 & o!r m9or equipm5t4 ,! pressroom _h #bc ,adams presses & #c cyl9d] presses4 ,) ! /able came two horses1 "o wagon1 & "o c>ryall1 & ! boil] h\se _h "o #fj-;horse boil]1 #ebe feet ( fire hose1 five buckets1 etc4 ,on ,m>* #bc1 #ahfa1 ,presid5t ,l9coln appo9t$ ,hon4 ,john ,defrees1 ( ,indiana1 z ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,pr9t+4 ,he report$ t at once ! co/ ( "w decreas$ at lea/ #ae p]c5t f ! old contract prices4 ,on ,m>* #c1 #ahgc1 ! pr9t+ ( ! debates ( ,congress1 !n kn[n z ! ,congressional ,globe & h&l$ "u private contract1 0 tak5 ov] by ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice & !reaft] became ! ,congressional ,record4 ,9 #ahgf1 ,hon4 ,a4 ,m4 ,clapp1 !n ,congressional ,pr9t]1 0 designat$ ! fir/ ,public ,pr9t]1 at a ye>ly sal>y ( #c1fjj4 ,compos+ rooms employ$ #ebj p]sons1 pressroom #bji1 & b9d]y #eia2 9 all1 #a1cfa p]sons 7 on ! roll4 ,! total ye>ly pay roll 0 #ghf1dic4 ,x co/ #ahh1aih to pr9t ! ,congressional ,record 9 #ahgf1 :ile b9d+ ( all k9ds co/ #djb1jfi1 pap] #bih1bea1 & ! total output ( ! ,(fice 0 *>g$ at #a1fag1dfi4 ,! total pur*ase ( ma*9]y & equipm5t 9 t ye> 0 only #cdb4ej4 ,9 #ahgh ! build+ kn[n z ! ,globe ,vault 0 pur*as$ f ! private own]1 toge!r ) ! b\nd & unb\nd volumes ( ! ,congressional ,globe & all ! /]eotyp$ plates4 ,! price paid 0 #ajj1jjj4 ,firepro( ext5sions to ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice 7 erect$ 9 #ahgi & #ahhj4 ,9 #ahhb ! fir/ fire escapes 7 in/all$1 & =ce pumps prov$ su* an attraction to ! public t ! app>atus _h to be cov]$ ) canvas4 ,b[s & arr[s 7 also provid$ :i* w\ld enable life l9es to be 8%ot0 ?r\gh ! upp] w9d[s4 ,by ! act ( ,janu>y #ab1 #ahie1 ! ,(fice ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice4 ,previ\sly x 0 a "p ( ! ,int]ior ,dep>tm5t4 ,! pr9cipal functions ( ! (fice 7 ! prep>ation ( ! (ficial catalogs & indexes ( ! ,gov]nm5t & di/ribution & sale ( ,gov]nm5t publications4 ,! ,(fice 0 plac$ "u op]ation ( ! civil-s]vice law ,augu/ #a1 #ahie4 ,9 ! same ye> ! ,annex ,build+1 =m]ly us$ by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 0 con/ruct$1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,public ,pr9t] report$ ! total floor space ( ! entire ,(fice _h increas$ to #h acres4 ,9 #ahih ,congress appropriat$ #aij1jjj = ! pur*ase ( gr\nd occupi$ by ! pres5t build+4 ,9 #ahii ! build+ 0 />t$4 ,x 0 complet$ ab\t #d ye>s !reaft]1 at a co/ ( #b1dcj1jjj4 ,9 #aijc a small space 9 ! ,old ,build+ 0 set aside z ! 8sick room40 ,its equipm5t consi/$ ( a cot1 blanket1 & a small supply ( m$ic9es contribut$ by ! employees4 ,?is 0 ! nucleus f :i* develop$ ! fir/ em]g5cy hospital 9 any ,gov]nm5t e/abli%m5t & 0 ! initial /ep t[>d sci5tific m$ical & surgical s]vice4 ,9 #aijg an em]g5cy room 0 in/all$ & an additional physician & matron 7 assign$ to t s]vice4 ,! fir/ l9otype ma*9e & ! fir/ monotype keybo>d 7 in/all$ 9 #aijd4 ,9 #aiab electric trucks displac$ ! horse-&-wagon deliv]y4 ,9 #aiae ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice 0 an exhibitor at ! ,panama-,pacific ,int]national ,exposition held 9 ,san ,francisco1 ,calif4 ,betwe5 #aiba & #aicd sev]al innovations 7 made4 ,a few ( ! out/&+ are z foll[s3 ,! eigh? floor 0 remodel$ & rais$ to provide room = ! ,cafet]ia1 ,h>d+ ,hall1 recreation rooms1 re/ rooms1 & l>ge space = productive "w4 ,! ,cafet]ia s]ves ar\nd #b1hjj meals daily1 & ,h>d+ ,hall1 seat+ #a1bjj1 is devot$ to social activities ( employees & may be quickly conv]t$ into a ballroom1 a motion-picture !at]1 or a =um4 ,recreational activities include or*e/ra1 baseball clubs1 b[l+ alleys1 dances1 mov+ pictures & lectures1 annual excursions1 & simil> affairs4 ,! photo-engrav+ plant 0 also add$ z "o ( ! new me*anical dep>tm5ts & is also locat$ on ! eigh? floor4 ,a ro( g>d5 0 built1 cov]+ practically ! entire build+4 ,! em]g5cy hospital 0 enl>g$1 & w>ds = m5 & wom5 7 provid$1 ) b$s1 toilets1 & %[] ba?s4 ,two hundr$ appr5tices receiv$ tra9+ = occupational pursuits 9 ! v>i\s pr9t+ & b9d]y trades repres5t$ 9 ! ,(fice4 ,a te/+ laboratory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,(fice = ! purpose ( /&>diz+ all mat]ials1 supplies1 & /ock us$ 9 ! manufacture ( pr9t+4 ,! boil] & g5]at+ rooms 7 aboli%$1 & ! pur*ase ( electric curr5t & /eam f ! ,capital ,p[] ,plant 0 />t$4 ,s9ce #aicd1 "u ! direction ( ,public ,pr9t] ,a4 ,e4 ,gieg5gack1 ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice has cont9u$ to gr[ n only 9 size b also 9 public e/eem4 ,"u 8 lead]%ip1 appropriations = a mu*-ne$$ build+ program 7 grant$ by ,congress1 & ! erection ( a w>eh\se & an eight-/ory1 r$-brick addition to ! ma9 ,pr9t+ ,(fice build+ 0 accompli%$4 ,! co/ ( ?is build+ program1 :i* includ$ build+s1 ma*9]y & equipm5t1 furni%+s1 ! exp5se ( mov+1 & o!r incid5tals1 am\nt$ to #g1gjj1jjj4 ,among ! _m notewor?y improvem5ts inaugurat$ = ! bett]m5t ( s]vice to ! ,gov]nm5t1 to ! public1 & to ! #e1ejj employees ( ! ,(fice1 are ! foll[+3 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a dep>tm5t ( typography1 ?r\gh :i* !re are incorporat$ into ,gov]nm5t pr9t+ ! accept$ improvem5ts 9 ! field ( typography2 ! /&>dization ( a type-metal alloy = all type-ca/+ ma*9es2 ! in/allation ( a m effici5t co/-f9d+ & pay-roll bookkeep+ sy/em2 ! ree/abli%m5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ,appr5tice ,s*ool2 & enc\ragem5t ( great] employee p>ticipation 9 all social1 frat]nal1 & welf>e activities sponsor$ by ! ,(fice4 ,uncle ,sam's ,book ,%op sold #aj million copies f its li/ ( #fe1jjj publications 9 #aicg4 ,?is dep>tm5t is call$ ! ,(fice ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 :i* is locat$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice build+1 & ^! ,gov]nm5t publications1 cov]+ almo/ e phase ( human endeavor1 are = sale to ! public at a reasonable price4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se ,! site ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 or ! ,presid5t's ,h\se1 0 select$ by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 "p ( ! ,david ,burnes f>m1 & at ! "t x 0 *os5 a cornfield ext5d$ "o-half mile s\? to ! ,potomac4 ,! corn]/one ( ! ,presid5t's ,h\se 0 laid on ,octob] #ac1 #agib1 b n by ,george ,wa%+ton1 z ! records %[ t he & 8 family 7 9 ,philadelphia at ! "t4 ,! design 0 made by ,james ,hoban1 an ar*itect ( ,dubl91 ,irel&1 :o won a #ejj prize & a lot = ! be/ plan4 ,9 its ext]ior x some:at resembles ! palace ( ! ,duke ( ,le9/] 9 ,irel&4 ,t1 h[ev]1 has ,cor9?ian columns ov] a ru/icat$ base1 %[+ ! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&2 & !re are o!r di/9ctions 9 _! classical motives4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se 0 fir/ occupi$ by ,presid5t & ,mrs4 ,john ,adams1 :o mov$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ,novemb]1 #ahjj1 ! ye> ,wa%+ton became ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,at ! "t x 0 v incomplete1 & mu* discom=t 0 exp]i5c$1 p>ticul>ly z to heat+ & light+4 ,! ,ea/ ,room 0 us$ to dry ! family wa%4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se 0 n f9i%$ until #ahbf4 ,!n & = _m ye>s foll[+ x secur$ its wat] f spr+s a %ort di/ance to ! nor!a/1 9 ! vic9ity ( :at is n[ ,frankl9 ,squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se--,,nor? ,,side ,! ,presid5t's ,h\se1 z x 0 !n call$1 0 consid]ably damag$ by fire by ! ,briti%1 :o ?reat5$ ! de/ruction ( ! city 9 #ahad4 ,! build+1 except = ! w+s at ea* side1 :i* 7 us$ = (fices & s]vants' qu>t]s1 0 re/or$ by ,hoban4 ,( :ite s&/one1 ! build+ :i* became discolor$ by ! fire 0 !reupon pa9t$ :ite & has s9ce be5 kn[n z ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,x 0 fir/ light$ by gas 9 #ahdh1 & a sy/em ( heat+ & v5tilat+ 0 in/all$ 9 #ahec4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se 0 remodel$ dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,roosevelt 9 #aijb1 :5 ! ,executive ,(fice 0 tak5 out ( ! build+ & plac$ 9 a tempor>y build+ to ! we/ ( ! ma9 build+4 ,?is 0 enl>g$ dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,taft 9 #aiji to twice its =m] size4 ,x 0 fur!r remodel$ 9 #aibg by mak+ ! build+ firepro( & con/ruct+ a ?ird /ory out ( ! attic4 ,9 #aibi x 0 f\nd necess>y by ,presid5t ,hoov] to use also ! basem5t = an (fice4 ,9 ! same ye> ! build+ 0 p>tially burn$1 b has s9ce be5 rebuilt4 ,x is ?\ght by "s t 9 ! ye>s to come ! remodel$ ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ,build+ w become ! p]man5t ,executive ,(fice ,build+1 & ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t w h a new build+ on ! we/ side ( ,lafayette ,squ>e4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se has a l5g? ( #ahc feet 7ea/ & we/7 & a wid? ( #he feet2 x is #eh feet high4 ,! portico ( ,ionic columns =ms a porte-co*re & measures #dj feet by #ei feet 7ea/ & we/71 & is #ej feet high4 ,! build+ conta9s _m beautiful pa9t+s & o!r works ( art1 among !m a ,gilb]t ,/u>t portrait ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 call$ ! ,lansd[ne ,/u>t1 :i* 0 sav$ by ,dolly ,madison by cutt+ ! picture f its frame :5 ! ,:ite ,h\se 0 burn$ by ! ,briti% 9 #ahad4 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,ea/ ,room1 :i* is ! great reception room1 #hb feet long 7! wid? ( ! mansion71 #dj feet wide1 & #bb feet high4 ,f ! ceil+ hang ?ree massive cry/al *&eli]s4 ,9 addition to num]\s pa9t+s1 l>ge vases & o!r articles adorn ! room4 ,o!r int]e/+ rooms are ! ,/ate ,d9+ ,room1 ! sc5e ( brilliant ,/ate functions2 ! ,blue ,room--! ,presid5t's reception room--! walls ( :i* are cov]$ ) ri* blue cord$ silk1 ) w9d[ hang+s ( blue2 ! ,r$ ,room1 ! walls & w9d[ drap]ies ( :i* are ( r$ velvet2 & ! ,gre5 ,room1 :i* has on ! walls gre5 velvet4 ,! wa9scot+ ( ! ,gre5 ,room is ( :ite enamel4 ,l>ge & beautiful gr\nds b\nd ! ,:ite ,h\se on ! s\?4 ,"h ! ,m>9e ,b& plays e ,saturday aft]noon dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,also x is "h :]e ! annual ,ea/] egg roll+ takes place1 always a great day = ! boys & girls ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! area is call$ ! ,:ite ,lot because ab\t #ahej a bo>d f5ce t lat] 0 pa9t$ :ite surr\nd$ ^! gr\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,/ate ,,build+ ,,z ,,x ,,w ,,appe> ,,:5 ,,remodel$ ,orig9ally ! ma9 entrance to ! ,:ite ,h\se 0 on ! s\? side1 :ile ! portico on ! opposite side 0 a g>d5 :]e ! family sp5t _! ev5+s4 ,?is is ! arrangem5t obs]v$ to-day at ,arl+ton ,h\se & at ,m\nt ,v]non1 & is an indication t 9 ! colonial days ! back y>ds ( homes 7 z nicely kept z 7 ! front y>ds4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,/ate ,illu/ration3 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,/ate ,,build+1 #ahja ,9 #aghh ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,=eign ,affairs mov$ f ,fraunce's ,tav]n to a h\se own$ by ,philip ,liv+/on1 on ! we/ side ( ,broadway1 ne> ! ,batt]y1 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,lat] x mov$ to ano!r h\se on ! same /reet on ! opposite side4 ,! ,capital hav+ be5 aga9 locat$ at ,philadelphia1 ! dep>tm5t took up its abode fir/ on ,m>ket ,/reet1 !n on ! s\!a/ corn] ( ,ar* & ,six? ,/reets1 !n 9 ,nor? ,alley1 & f9ally at ! nor!a/ corn] ( ,fif? & ,*e/nut ,/reets1 :]e x rema9$ until x 0 mov$ to ,wa%+ton1 except = an int]val ( ?ree mon?s--f ,augu/ to ,novemb]1 #agih--:5 x occupi$ ! /ateh\se at ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j41 ! (fice be+ mov$ f ,philadelphia on acc\nt ( an epidemic ( yell[ fev]4 ,on ,july #bg1 #aghi1 ! act e/abli%+ an executive dep>tm5t to be call$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,=eign ,affairs 0 approv$2 b ! ,s$gwick ,act1 approv$ ,septemb] #ae1 #aghi1 *ang$ ?is title to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate & t ( ! pr9cipal (fic] to ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,a few days lat] ,john ,jay1 :o 0 ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs "u ! ,conf$]ation1 0 nom9at$ to be ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt & ,?omas ,jeff]son to be ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & bo? 7 commission$ on ,septemb] #bf4 ,jay accept$ at once1 b cont9u$ to dis*>ge ! duties ( ,secret>y ( ,/ate = "s mon?s4 ,"u date ( ,octob] #ac ,presid5t ,wa%+ton in=m$ ,jeff]son ( 8 appo9tm5t1 & add$ t ,mr4 ,jay _h be5 s oblig+ z to cont9ue 8 good (fices4 ,:5 ?is lett] 0 writt5 ,jeff]son _h n return$ to ,am]ica f 8 mission to ,france4 ,^u 8 arrival ,jay recomm5d$ to him favorably 8! "y g5tlem5 9 ! (fice40 ,jeff]son =mally ent]$ ^u ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties on ,m>* #bb1 #agij4 ,:5 ! seat ( gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 #ahjj ! ar*ives & ! sev5 employees ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 7 cr[d$ into ! ,treasury ,(fice1 a build+ ( #cj rooms1 to ! ea/ ( ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,x 0 ! only ,gov]nm5t build+ suffici5tly complet$ to receive !m4 ,john ,m>%all 0 !n ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,on ,augu/ #bg1 #ahjj1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 0 remov$ to "o ( ! ,sev5 ,build+s on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,n9ete5? ,/reet ,,nw4 ,x has be5 int]e/+ to det]m9e positively ! "n ( ?is hi/oric gr\p ( build+s1 because "s confusion has aris5 ?r\gh !re be+ 9 #ahjj two gr\ps or r[s ( h\ses1 ne> to "o ano!r1 "o call$ ! ,six ,build+s & ! o!r ! ,sev5 ,build+s4 ,*ri/ian ,h9es1 9 8 ,e>ly ,recollections ( ,wa%+ton ,city 7#ahff71 says1 :5 giv+ a li/ ( ! few h\ses /&+ 9 ! ye> #ahjj3 ,"o squ>e betwe5 ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,k & ,tw5ty-fir/ & ,tw5ty-second ,/reets1 ! ,six ,build+s1 ?ree /ories high1 own]s & occupants n recollect$ 99 99 994 ,"o squ>e b\nd$ by ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,i & ,n9ete5? & ,tw5tie? ,/reets1 #aj h\ses--"o #c-/ory frame1 occupi$ by a ,mr4 ,middleton2 "o #b-,/ory frame1 own$ & occupi$ by ,william ,wat]s1 ,esq41 & ! ,sev5 ,build+s1 brick1 #c /ories high4 ,samuel ,c4 ,busey1 9 8 ,pictures ( ! ,city ( ,wa%+ton 9 ! ,pa/ 7#ahih71 ref]s to & confirms ,h9es's /atem5ts z to ^! two sets ( build+s1 & adds t 9 ! ,six ,build+s 0 locat$ ,o',neal's fam\s hotel4 ,all writ]s app>5tly agree t ! fir/ home ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 9 ,wa%+ton 0 9 ! h\se on ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,n9ete5? ,/reet4 ,?is r[ ( build+s--,nos4 #aija-aiac ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue--is /ill /&+1 ?\gh x has und]gone consid]able *ange4 ,f ! e>ly "p ( #ahbj to ,novemb]1 #ahff1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 0 locat$ at ! corn] ( ,fifte5? ,/reet & ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue ,,nw41 9 :at 0 kn[n z ! ,executive ,build+4 ,! picture %[n bel[ 0 giv5 to ,william ,mc,neir1 *ief ( ! division ( acc\nts ( t dep>tm5t1 by ,?omas ,ridgate1 :o f\nd x 9 ! attic ( ! old build+4 ,x w be not$ f ! picture1 :i* %[s ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+ columns at ! extreme left1 t x 0 tak5 be=e ! build+ 0 raz$ to make room = ! nor? w+ ( ! pres5t ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+2 ! re/ ( ! new build+ _h at t "t be5 erect$4 ,( ?is build+ ,jona?an ,eliot /ates1 9 8 ,hi/orical ,sket*es ( ! ,t5 ,mile ,squ>e1 describ+ ,wa%+ton 9 #ahcj3 ,at ! di/ance ( ab\t #bjj y>ds1 on ! ea/ ( ! ,presid5t's h\se1 are situat$ two build+s = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate & ( ! ,treasury2 & at ! same di/ance on ! we/ are two o!rs = ! ,w> & ,navy ,dep>tm5ts4 ,^! build+s are all ( ! same dim5sions & con/ruction2 !y are #afj feet long & #ee feet wide1 ( brick1 two /ories 9 height2 !y are divid$ 9 _! l5g? by a broad passage1 ) rooms on ea* side1 & a spaci\s /aircase 9 ! c5t]4 ,! two mo/ nor!rly build+s are ornam5t$ ) an ,ionic portico ( six columns & p$im5t4 ,! gr\nds ab\t ^! (fices h be5 graduat$ & plant$ ( late ye>s1 & ! %rubb]y beg9s to pres5t a pleas+ appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,executive ,,build+1 #ahbj-ahff ,w4 ,k4 ,=ce1 9 8 ,picture ( ,wa%+ton = #ahej1 said1 speak+ ( ! nor!a/ ,executive ,build+3 ,! fir/ floor is occupi$ by ! ,fif? ,auditor ( ! ,treasury at ! ea/ end1 & ! ,second ,comptroll] ( ! ,treasury at ! we/ end4 ,on ! second floor are ! ap>tm5ts ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & 8 suite2 also ! libr>y ( ! dep>tm5t1 conta9+ "s t5 or twelve ?\s& volumes4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 0 ,secret>y ( ,/ate :5 ! move to ?is new home 0 made1 & !reaft] foll[$ a long li/ ( di/+ui%$ ,secret>ies1 ! la/ to occupy ?is build+ be+ ,william ,h4 ,sew>d1 f #ahfa to #ahfi4 ,! nor? w+ ( ! pres5t ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+ be>s on its ext]ior wall on ,fifte5? ,/reet a tablet1 erect$ ,april #cj1 #aibi1 by ! ,kiwanis ,club ( ,wa%+ton1 9 coop]ation ) ! ,committee on ,m>k+ ,po9ts ( ,hi/oric ,int]e/1 :i* conta9s ! foll[+ inscription3 ,,fri5d%ip ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,& ,,canada ,,0 ,,develop$ ,,& ,,/r5g!n$ ,,by ,,! ,,sign+ ,,( ,,! ,,web/]-,,a%burton ,,treaty1 ,,on ,,augu/ #i1 #ahdb1 ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,/ate ,,dep>tm5t ,,build+ ,,:i* ,,/ood ,,on ,,?is ,,site4 ,,?is ,,treaty ,,e/abli%$ ,,! ,,nor!a/]n ,,b\nd>y ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,two ,,c\ntries4 ,on ,m>* #c1 #ahga1 ,congress appropriat$ half a million doll>s to />t "w on ! ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,dep>tm5ts ,build+4 ,! act provid$3 ,= ! con/ruction "u ! direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 on ! s\!rn portion ( ! premises n[ occupi$ by ! ,w> & ,navy ,dep>tm5ts1 ( a build+ :i* w =m ! s\? w+ ( a build+ t1 :5 complet$1 w be simil> 9 gr\nd plan & dim5sions to ! ,treasury ,build+ & provide accommodations = ! ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,dep>tm5ts4 ,! orig9al plans 7 drawn by ,?omas ,u4 ,walt]1 a not$ ,philadelphia ar*itect1 :o design$ ! ,dome ( ! ,capitol & ! complet$ ,treasury ,build+1 b ,a4 ,b4 ,mullett1 ,sup]vis+ ,ar*itect ( ! ,treasury1 und]took ! "w1 & f9ally only ! int]ior con=m$ to ! orig9al plans4 ,! build+ 0 erect$ 9 five diff]5t sections4 ,! s\? w+ 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahga & complet$ 9 "t = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate to move 9 ,july #a1 #ahge4 ,! ea/ w+ 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahgb & complet$ sev5 ye>s lat]1 s t on ,april #af1 #ahgi1 ! ,w> & ,navy ,dep>tm5ts mov$ into t w+4 ,! old ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 :i* _h occupi$ ! site ( ! nor? w+ ( ! pres5t build+1 0 demoli%$ 9 #ahgi1 & ! new build+ or nor? w+ 0 complet$ ?ree ye>s lat]1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t mov+ into x 9 ,decemb]1 #ahhb4 ,! we/ & c5t] w+s 7 ! la/ to be erect$1 "w on !m comm5c+ ,m>* #ca1 #ahhc1 & be+ complet$ ,janu>y #ca1 #ahhh4 ,= a long "t ea* w+ 0 necess>ily sep>at$ by a solid wall--& lat] by an iron grill1 or gates 9 ! corridors--b f9ally ^! disappe>$1 & ! beauty ( ! long corridors z !y n[ are appe>$4 ,! total co/ ( ! :ole build+ 0 slightly m ?an #aj1jjj1jjj1 & appropriations !re= spread ov] a p]iod ( #ag ye>s4 ,sep>ate p]man5t build+s = ! ,w> & ! ,navy ,dep>tm5ts are n[ to be erect$1 ^! two dep>tm5ts be+ h\s$ at pres5t l>gely 9 tempor>y build+s4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate alone rema9s 9 ! build+4 ,9 #aiaj a build+ = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 0 recomm5d$ = a site along ,fifte5? ,/reet1 s\? ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 :]e n[ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce has be5 built4 ,9 #aiag x 0 recomm5d$ t a ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ,build+ be erect$ on ! we/ side ( ,lafayette ,squ>e4 ,9 ! new ,f$]al build+ program ,congress has provid$ t ! pres5t ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,build+ be remodel$ to con=m 9 design to ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 & to be kn[n z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ,build+4 ,! build+ w ?us prop]ly balance ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,congress made a fund ( #c1jjj1jjj available = ?is "w4 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury appo9t$ ,waddy ,wood1 ar*itect ( ,wa%+ton1 to prep>e ! design1 :i* has be5 approv$ by ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,h[ev]1 ! project has be5 held 9 abeyance4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 0 creat$ z ! fir/ dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 #aghi1 9 ord] to help ! ,presid5t 9 c>ry+ on our =eign relations4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( our c\ntry ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate n only _h *>ge ( =eign affairs1 b1 z ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ! fir/ ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 once wrote1 x also _h *>ge ( all important matt]s ( dome/ic gov]nm5t z well1 except matt]s ( w> & f9ance4 ,9 ! e>ly days ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate ev5 manag$ ! m9t4 ,until #ahdi he _h *>ge ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 until #ahei h&l$ all copyright matt]s1 & until #ahej ! c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 tak5 "u 8 direction4 ,be=e ! ,civil ,w>1 ,unit$ ,/ates judges1 m>%als1 & attorneys all receiv$ _! in/ructions f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 b 9 #ahgj a new ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice 0 e/abli%$ to take c>e ( ^! matt]s1 & little by little mu* ( ! dome/ic "w 0 tak5 f ?is dep>tm5t & put "u new dep>tm5ts1 su* z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce4 ,!re=e1 to-day ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate devotes mo/ ( its "t to h&l+ =eign affairs1 al?\gh x is /ill ! cu/odian1 or ! keep]1 ( ! great seal1 ! (ficial seal ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:5 ,congress passes new laws ! orig9al copies are kept 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 & :5 !re is any correspond5ce betwe5 ! v>i\s ,/ates ( ! ,union & ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t x is c>ri$ on ?r\gh ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate has a =ce ( "s #iej p 9 ! dep>tm5t 9 ,wa%+ton1 & ab\t #c1hjj p scatt]$ ov] all ! _w 9 ! ,=eign ,s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! dep>tm5t 9 ,wa%+ton is divid$ into #ce divisions & (fices1 ea* ) its special "w to p]=m4 ,six divisions h *>ge ( matt]s p]ta9+ to =eign c\ntries--,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica2 ! ,f> ,ea/1 z ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,siam2 ! division ( ,we/]n ,european affairs2 ,ea/]n ,european affairs2 a division ( ! ,ne> ,ea/2 & ! ,mexican division4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ (fices 9 ! dep>tm5t is ! passport division1 :i* issues passports to ,am]ican citiz5s travel+ 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,la/ ye> #acd1gcg ,am]icans obta9$ passports s t !y might travel abroad1 ! fees = :i* am\nt$ to ne>ly #a1ejj1jjj1 almo/ en\gh to pay ! entire exp5ses ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,treasury ,,build+ ,:5 =eign]s wi% to come to ?is c\ntry !y mu/ fir/ g to "o ( our ,am]ican consuls to obta9 a visa or a p]mit4 ,! immigration ( =eign]s into ?is c\ntry is n[ re/rict$ by law4 ,!re=e our consuls exam9e ! =eign]s abroad1 s t !y may "k be=e />t+ on _! j\rney :e!r !y w be all[$ to rema9 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! visa division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate has *>ge ( t "w4 ,:5ev] !re are expositions or meet+s ( v>i\s k9ds abroad1 & x is decid$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t %all take "p 9 !m1 su* p>ticipation has to be arrang$ ?r\gh ano!r ( ! divisions ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 ,z _m z #aej cables are s5t e day to all p>ts ( ! _w1 :i* are tak5 c>e ( 9 ! dep>tm5t's telegraph (fice4 ,9 _m =eign c\ntries our ,gov]nm5t is n[ buy+ & con/ruct+ its own build+s = our ambassadors & consuls1 & "o ( ! (fices 9 ! dep>tm5t att5ds to ^! matt]s4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate is assi/$ 9 ! direction ( all ^! (fic]s & (fices by an ,"u ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 f\r ,assi/ant ,secret>ies ( ,/ate1 & a legal advis]4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has an ambassador or m9i/] 9 #ed diff]5t c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,!re are #cad =eign comm]cial cities :]e ! ,unit$ ,/ates has a consul g5]al1 consul1 vice consul1 or consul> ag5t1 :o1 among o!r duties1 help /eam%ip l9es & great bus9ess e/abli%m5ts to promote comm]ce ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,our consuls protect & assi/ ! hundr$s ( ,am]ican mission>ies ^: /ations are 9 remote =eign regions ( ! _w4 ,9 addition to _! _m duties !y help ?\s&s ( visitors dur+ trips abroad :o seek advice4 ,& :5 an ,am]ican is visit+ 9 a =eign l&1 ev5 ?\gh sc5]y & ru9s t recall civilizations ( pa/ ages give him pleasure1 !re is no?+ t gives him m joy ?an to see 9 su* places ! ,/>s & ,/ripes wav+ ov] a ,unit$ ,/ates consulate4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,treasury ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury 0 creat$ by act ( ,congress ,septemb] #b1 #aghi4 ,rob]t ,morris1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 f9anci] & /atesman1 "o ( ! ,sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 0 ! fir/ f9ancial (fic] ( ! ,gov]nm5t & 0 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,f9ance f #agha to #aghd4 ,^u ! resignation ( ,morris ! p[]s conf]r$ ^u him by ! ,cont95tal ,congress 7 transf]r$ to ! ,bo>d ( ! ,treasury4 ,?is bo>d s]v$ until ,alex&] ,hamilton1 ( ,new ,york1 ! fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 assum$ (fice4 ,hamilton s]v$ f ,septemb] #aa1 #aghi1 to ,janu>y #ca1 #agie1 ?us s]v+ "u ,presid5t ,wa%+ton4 ,s9ce ! =mation ( ! ,gov]nm5t !re h be5 #ej ,secret>ies ( ! ,treasury2 ! pres5t incumb5t1 ,hon4 ,h5ry ,morg5?au1 jr41 ( ,new ,york1 assum$ (fice ,janu>y #a1 #aicd4 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 ( c\rse1 has sup]vision ov] ! f9ances ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! annual e/imates1 h[ev]1 s9ce #aiba h be5 transmitt$ to ,congress by ! ,director ( ! ,budget = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fir/ build+ ( ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t situat$ at ?is location ea/ ( ! ,:ite ,h\se 0 a small wood5 /ructure1 call$ ! ,/ate & ,treasury ,dep>tm5ts ,build+4 ,x 0 built at ! "t ! seat ( gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 #ahjj & compris$ #cj rooms4 ,?is orig9al build+ 0 burn$ by ! ,briti% dur+ ! invasion ( ,wa%+ton 9 #ahad4 ,a second build+ 0 erect$4 ,?is 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 #ahcc4 ,9 #ahcf ,congress au?oriz$ ! erection ( 8a firepro( build+ ( su* dim5sions z may be requir$ = ! pres5t & future accommodations40 ,also ! mat]ial = ! build+ 0 to be simil> to t us$ = ! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,! ar*itect 0 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,mills1 :o at ! same "t 0 design+ ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,build+ & lat] won ! competition = ! design ( ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t4 ,:5 x came to ! "q ( location ( ! new build+1 x is said t ,presid5t ,&rew ,jackson1 becom+ impati5t at ! delay1 said 8,"h1 "r "h1 is :]e ,i want ! corn] /one laid40 ,?us ! build+ /&s :]e x is to-day4 ,9 #ahci ! dep>tm5t 0 in/all$ 9 ! unf9i%$ build+4 ,! ,treasury ,build+ consi/s ( a #d-/ory rectangle ar\nd a l>ge c5tral c\rt2 ?is c\rt is divid$ by a corridor ( (fices4 ,on ! we/ ! build+ faces ! beautiful ,:ite ,h\se ,gr\nds1 its nor? side is on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 its ea/ front runs along ,fifte5? ,/reet1 & its s\? side ov]looks a half-mile /ret* ( p>k lead+ d[n to ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,! build+ complet$ 9 #ahdb includ$ only ! middle portion ( ! pres5t ea/ w+ & ! c5tral corridor & (fices4 ,! s\? w+ 0 complet$ 9 #ahfa1 ! we/ w+ 9 #ahfd1 & ! nor? w+ 9 #ahfi4 ,x is an impos+ granite /ructure4 ,9 design x is pure ,grecian1 furni%+ :at is claim$ to be "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( ?is /yle ( ar*itecture 9 ,wa%+ton1 if n 9 ! entire c\ntry4 ,!re are great p$im5ts on ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/ sides4 ,monoli?ic columns ( ! ,ionic ord] adorn+ ! faades are ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! build+ ar*itecturally4 ,!re are #gb ( ^! columns1 ea* #cf feet 9 height1 #cj be+ set to =m an unbrok5 colonnade #cda feet long on ! ea/ front4 ,mo/ ( ! granite us$ 0 br\ght to ,wa%+ton 9 sail+ vessels f ,ma9e4 ,! build+ has #dhh rooms & co/ ov] #f1jjj1jjj4 ,! dep>tm5t long ago outgrew ! build+4 ,! p]sonnel 9 ,wa%+ton n[ numb]s m ?an #bb1jjj1 ) "s #bf ma9 bureaus & divisions4 ,at pres5t ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury bureaus occupy1 9 addition to ! ma9 build+1 #i entire build+s & "p ( #f o!r build+s own$ by ! ,gov]nm5t & #e r5t$ qu>t]s4 ,! ,treasury ,annex is an impos+ build+1 design$ by ,cass ,gilb]t1 across ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue on ! nor?4 ,congress has au?oriz$ its ext5sion to ,h ,/reet4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury is ! c5tral ag5cy ?r\gh :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t conducts its f9ancial affairs4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x receives & has cu/ody ( all funds paid to ! ,gov]nm5t & disburses all moneys ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,at ! head ( ! dep>tm5t are ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 ! ,"u ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 & ?ree ,assi/ant ,secret>ies ( ! ,treasury1 ^: (fices are all locat$ 9 ! ma9 build+4 ,! receipts ( ! ,gov]nm5t come *iefly f int]nal-rev5ue collections & cu/oms duties4 ,! ,bureau ( ,int]nal ,rev5ue adm9i/]s & en=ces ! int]nal-rev5ue laws & collects all int]nal-rev5ue taxes4 ,! p]sonnel ( ?is bureau has be5 br\ght toge!r & n[ occupies a beautiful new build+ rec5tly complet$ z "p ( ! developm5t along ! ,mall4 ,import duties or cu/oms are collect$ by ! ,bureau ( ,cu/oms4 ,disbursem5ts ( ,gov]nm5t funds c be made only on ! au?orization ( ,congress4 ,:5 any paym5t is au?oriz$1 a w>rant sign$ by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury & c\nt]sign$ by ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is drawn4 ,^u ?is au?ority paym5t is made4 ,! division ( bookkeep+ & w>rants1 "u ! g5]al sup]vision ( ! commission] ( acc\nts & deposits1 keeps complete records ( all appropriation acc\nts z well z ( public moneys cov]$ into ! ,treasury & ( w>rants au?oriz+ disbursem5ts4 ,! ,treasur] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is *>g$ ) responsibility = ! actual receipt & disbursem5t ( all public moneys t may be deposit$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury & 9 all o!r deposit>ies au?oriz$ to receive deposits ( ,gov]nm5t funds = cr$it 9 ! acc\nt ( ! ,treasur] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he has also _m o!r fiscal duties4 ,! public-debt s]vice h&les ! records & op]ations p]ta9+ to ! issue & retirem5t ( ! public debt & ! int]e/ paym5ts !reon1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! commission] ( ! public debt4 ,! ,bureau ( ! ,m9t manufactures ! co9 circulat+ m$ium ( ! c\ntry4 ,x ma9ta9s m9ts at ,philadelphia1 ,san ,francisco1 & ,d5v] = ! co9age ( money1 z well z assay (fices 9 ,new ,york & else:]e4 ,! ,bureau ( ,engrav+ & ,pr9t+ at ,wa%+ton engraves & pr9ts notes1 bonds1 securities1 /amps1 *ecks1 etc4 ,! ,comptroll] ( ! ,curr5cy is *>g$ "u ! law ) ! sup]vision ( national banks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,nor?we/ ,,f ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t ,,o!r ,,important ,,build+s ,lack ( space 9 ?is book makes x necess>y m]ely to m5tion ! m important ( ! o!r monum5tal build+s 9 ! ,national ,capital4 ,detail$ in=mation conc]n+ !m may be f\nd 9 ! au?or's ,wa%+ton ! ,national ,capital & 9 o!r books on ,wa%+ton4 ,!y %\ld be /udi$ 9 connection ) ! build+s describ$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,att5tion is call$ fir/ to ! gr\p ( monum5tal semipublic build+s1 classical 9 design1 on ,sev5te5? ,/reet nor? ( ,con/itution ,av5ue & along t ,av5ue f ,sev5te5? ,/reet we/ to ! ,potomac ,riv]4 ,x has be5 said t n[h]e else 9 ! _w is !re su* a f9e gr\p ( m>ble build+s4 ,,! ,,corcoran ,,gall]y ,,( ,,art ,?is ,gall]y _h its beg9n+ 9 ! ye> #ahfi4 ,x ranks z "o ( ! great art gall]ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! pres5t build+ 7at ,new ,york ,av5ue & ,sev5te5? ,/reet7 0 design$ by ,erne/ ,flagg1 ar*itect1 & complet$ 9 #ahig4 ,x is built ( ,georgia m>ble4 ,x h\ses r>e ma/]pieces ( pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,national ,,r$ ,,cross ,adjac5t to ! ,corcoran ,gall]y on ! s\?1 ! ,am]ican ,national ,r$ ,cross occupies ?ree l>ge build+s con/ruct$ ( ,v]mont m>ble4 ,!y 7 design$ by ,tr[bridge ,liv+/on1 ar*itects1 ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,! ,r$ ,cross _h its beg9n+ dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,9 #aije ! organization 0 *>t]$ by ,congress along its pres5t l9es4 ,!re are #e1ejj1jjj adult memb]s & #h1ejj1jjj ,junior memb]s 7z ( ,june #cj1 #aich74 ,,memorial ,,cont95tal ,,hall ,! next build+ to ! s\? is ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,national ,society ( ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,x faces ,sev5te5? ,/reet1 0 design$ by ,edw>d ,pe>ce ,casey1 ar*itect1 built ( ,v]mont m>ble1 & complet$ 9 #aije4 ,! corn]/one 0 laid ,april #ai1 #aijd1 ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,battle ( ,lex+ton4 ,on t date ! organization holds its conv5tion 9 ,wa%+ton ea* ye>4 ,x 0 f\nd$ ,octob] #aa1 #ahij1 & on ,febru>y #a1 #aich1 numb]$ #adb1gdd memb]s1 ) ab\t #b1ejj *apt]s 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,con/itution ,,hall ,ano!r ( ! ,society's build+s1 fac+ ,eighte5? ,/reet1 9 ?is squ>e1 is ! lead+ auditorium ( ! city4 ,x 0 design$ by ,john ,russell ,pope1 ar*itect1 built ( ,alabama lime/one1 & complet$ 9 ,octob]1 #aibi4 ,! auditorium seats #d1jjj p]sons4 ,on page #bgh !re is a picture ( ! build+4 ,! mural decorations ( ! int]ior are by ,j4 ,monroe ,hewlett1 ar*itect4 ,,! ,,pan ,,am]ican ,,build+ ,?is build+1 at ! corn] ( ,sev5te5? ,/reet & ,con/itution ,av5ue1 is consid]$ by "s to be ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 design$ by ,alb]t ,c4 ,kelsey & ,paul ,p4 ,cret1 ar*itects1 9 ! ,spani%-classical /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,x 0 built ( ,georgia m>ble & 0 d$icat$ ,april #bf1 #aiaj4 ,x is ! headqu>t]s ( ! #ba ,republics ( ! ,pan ,am]ican ,union4 ,9 x is ! fam\s ,hall ( ! ,am]icas4 ,&rew ,c>negie contribut$ #hej1jjj t[>d ! build+1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t contribut$ ! #e-;acre tract1 on :i* /ood ! ,van ,ness ,mansion 7#ahae7 & ! ,david ,burnes cottage1 :i* /ood !re 9 ! days ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,,! ,,new ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,build+ ,design$ by ,waddy ,b4 ,wood1 ar*itect1 ! new ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior build+ occupies two squ>es betwe5 ,c & ,e & ,eighte5? & ,n9ete5? ,/reets4 ,x is built ( ,indiana lime/one & is ! l>ge/ air-condition$ (fice build+ 9 ! _w4 ,,public ,,heal? ,,s]vice ,,build+ ,?is build+1 design$ by ,j4 ,h4 de,sibour1 ar*itect1 is classical 9 design & built ( :ite ,georgia m>ble4 ,x 0 complet$ 9 #aicc4 ,x is f\r /ories 9 height & h\ses ! l>ge & gr[+ (fice ( ! ,surgeon ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 8 /aff ( assi/ants4 ,9 its location on ,con/itution ,av5ue x =ms a "p ( ! frame = ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,,f$]al ,,res]ve ,,bo>d ,,build+ ,complet$ 9 #aicg1 ?is build+ =ms ! c5t] ( ! gr\p ( monum5tal m>ble build+s along ,con/itution ,av5ue we/ ( ,sev5te5? ,/reet4 ,! design1 by ,paul ,p4 ,cret1 ar*itect1 is bas$ on classical motives4 ,x is built ( :ite ,georgia m>ble4 ,x is ! headqu>t]s build+ = ! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,bo>d4 ,9 x is a l>ge mosaic map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,ezra ,w9t]1 mural pa9t]1 %[+ ! location ( ! #ab ,f$]al ,res]ve bran* banks 9 ! diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,,national ,,academy ,,( ,,sci5ces ,?is build+1 design$ by ,b]tram ,g4 ,goodhue1 ar*itect1 is imm$iately ea/ ( ! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,bo>d build+4 ,x is classical 9 design & built ( :ite m>ble f ,dov]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,! build+ 0 d$icat$ by ,presid5t ,coolidge 9 ,april1 #aibd4 ,! int]ior is decorat$ ) pa9t+s & decorations by ,hildre? ,mei]e & ,alb]t ,h]t]2 ! sculptural decorations are by ,lee ,lawrie4 ,,am]ican ,,in/itute ,,( ,,ph>macy ,imm$iately nor? ( ! ,l9coln ,memorial /&s ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ph>macy4 ,x 0 design$ by ,john ,russell ,pope1 ar*itect1 & built ( :ite ,v]mont m>ble4 ,x is classical 9 its /yle ( ar*itecture1 & 9 its location we/ ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces completes ! gr\p ( build+s on ,con/itution ,av5ue t =m a frame = ! ,l9coln ,memorial4 ,! build+ is ! headqu>t]s ( ! druggi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,m ?an #ad1jjj druggi/s subscrib$ t[>d ! build+ fund4 ,! ,ph>macopoeia ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "u :i* prescriptions & drugs are /&>diz$1 is sup]vis$ by ! ,in/itute4 ,,scotti% ,,rite ,,temple ,?is build+1 at ,sixte5? & ,p ,/reets ,,nw41 is ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ! ,?irty-?ird ,degree1 ( ! ,anci5t & ,accept$ ,scotti% ,rite ( ,freemasonry ( ! ,s\!rn ,jurisdiction4 ,x is model$ aft] ! tomb ( ,mausolus1 at ,halic>nassus1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 :i* 0 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z "o ( ! ,sev5 ,wond]s ( ! ,_w4 ,its #cc ,ionic columns are #cc feet tall1 sugge/+ ! #cc degrees ( ,masonry4 ,on ea* side ( ! ma9 entrance is a colossal sph9x1 symbolic ( ,div9e ,wisdom & ,p[]1 execut$ by ,a4 ,a4 ,we9man1 sculptor4 ,! build+ 0 design$ by ,john ,russell ,pope1 ar*itect4 ,,c>negie ,,in/itution ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,at #af? & ,p ,/reets ,,nw4 is ! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! build+ 0 design$ by ,c>rre & ,ha/+s1 & %[s an influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* classical /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,,*amb] ,,( ,,comm]ce ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,d$icat$ 9 #aibe1 ?is build+1 at ,connecticut ,av5ue & ,h ,/reets ,,nw41 is classical 9 its /yle ( ar*itecture & is adapt$ to mod]n (fice requirem5ts4 ,x 0 design$ by ,cass ,gilb]t1 ar*itect4 ,fully #ac1jjj bus9ess m5 repres5t+ almo/ #bjj cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates contribut$ t[>d ! build+4 ,,national ,,geographic ,,society ,! ,national ,geographic ,society1 organiz$ 9 #ahhh1 8= ! increase & diffusion ( geographic k10 is ! l>ge/ educational & sci5tific body 9 ! _w4 ,9 its #ej ye>s ! society has sponsor$ a s]ies ( notable explorations1 discov]ies1 & rese>* activities ( our times1 & x has develop$ its unique & beautifully illu/rat$ ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e z a means ( dissem9at+ geographic in=mation among its _w-wide memb]%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,national ,,geographic ,,society ,illu/ration3 ,,con/itution ,,hall ,! society's adm9i/rative & editorial (fices1 at ,sixte5? & ,m ,/reets ,,nw41 7 enl>g$ by an addition :i* ext5ds its h&some & dignifi$ headqu>t]s along a #bad-;foot frontage4 ,a commodi\s & mod]n (fice build+ at ,?ird ,/reet & ,r&olph ,place ,,ne41 is us$ = mail+ its magaz9e1 maps1 & communications to its _w-wide memb]%ip4 ,9 its editorial1 rese>*1 te*nical1 photographic1 & cl]ical dep>tm5ts1 & 9 ! publi%+ ( ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e1 ! society n[ employs m ?an #hjj p]sons4 ,x is ! l>ge/ non-,gov]nm5t us] ( ! ,national ,capital's po/ (fice facilities4 ,! society's memb]s1 numb]+ #a1aej1jjj 7,decemb]1 #aich71 repres5t e community ( #ajj or m p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :ile its =eign memb]%ip ( #ahc1gji includes resid5ts 9 e c\ntry1 colony1 pr9cipality1 & m&at$ area ( ! _w :i* has any semblance ( a po/al sy/em4 ,to ea* memb] goes mon?ly ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e1 :i* has be5 call$ ! =emo/ educational p]iodical 9 ! _w2 ea* memb] also receives e map & panoramic illu/ration z issu$4 ,?us ! society has di/ribut$ among its m ?an a million memb] homes "s #bj1jjj1jjj wall maps1 9 color1 9 addition to ! num]\s sket* maps :i* accompany articles 9 ! magaz9e4 ,! society's weekly lectures1 :i* are held 9 ,con/itution ,hall1 h become a "p ( ! intellectual life ( ! ,national ,capital4 ,s9ce _! inception m ?an #a1djj explor]s1 /atesm51 & _w travel]s ( note h address$ ! ,wa%+ton meet+s4 ,su* explor]s z ,re> ,admiral ,pe>y1 ,sir ,francis ,y\nghusb&1 ,capt4 ,roald ,amunds51 ,colonel ,l9db]gh1 & ,re> ,admiral ,byrd h relat$ _! f9d+s to ! society's memb]s2 also su* not$ travel]s z ! late ,visc\nt ,bryce1 =m] ,ambassador ,juss]&1 ! late ,william ,h[>d ,taft1 & ,colonel ,roosevelt1 aft] 8 return f 8 ,african game hunt & 8 ,amazon exp$ition4 ,:5 ^! lectures are ( g5]al int]e/ !y are repr9t$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! magaz9e = ! society's entire memb]%ip4 ,at its ,sixte5? ,/reet headqu>t]s ! society ma9ta9s a libr>y ( up-to-date geographic in=mation1 compris+ "s #bj1jjj volumes1 9 addition to maps1 p]iodicals1 & reports f =eign gov]nm5ts & geographic societies4 ,! lead+ univ]sities ( ! city1 su* z ,georget[n ,univ]sity1 f\nd$ #aghi2 ,george ,wa%+ton ,univ]sity1 f\nd$ #ahba2 ,ca?olic ,univ]sity1 f\nd$ #ahhi2 ,am]ican ,univ]sity1 f\nd$ #ahic2 ,h[>d ,univ]sity1 f\nd$ #ahfg2 ,columbia ,in/itution = ! ,deaf1 f\nd$ #aheg2 & ,tr9ity ,college1 ,brookl&1 f\nd$ #ahig2 also h _! monum5tal build+s4 ,9 ! ,triangle gr\p are to be f\nd3 ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce ,build+1 ,york ,sawy]1 ar*itects2 ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor & ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission ,build+1 ,ar?ur ,br[n1 ar*itect2 ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 ,delano ,aldri*1 ar*itects2 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice ,build+1 ,zantz+]1 ,borie ,m$>y1 ar*itects2 ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,build+1 ,l\is ,simon1 ar*itect2 ,national ,ar*ives ,build+1 ,john ,russell ,pope1 ar*itect2 ,f$]al ,trade ,commission 7,apex7 ,build+1 ,b5nett1 ,p>sons ,fro/1 ar*itects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,triangle ,,gr\p ,,( ,,public ,,build+s ,,along ,,con/itution ,,av5ue ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y ,,( ,,art ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,national ,,ar*ives ,,build+ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mak]s ,,( ,,! ,,con/itution ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sign]s ,,( ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,indep5d5ce ,o!r build+s are3 ,! ,c5tral ,heat+ ,plant 7= heat+ #ge build+s71 ,paul ,p4 ,cret1 ar*itect2 ,bureau ( ,engrav+ & ,pr9t+1 ,w4 ,b4 ,olm/ead1 ar*itect2 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 7begun 9 #ahdf71 ,james ,r5wick1 ar*itect2 ,national ,museum ,build+1 ,hornbl[] ,m>%all1 ar*itects2 ,fre] ,gall]y ( ,art1 ,*>les ,a4 ,platt1 ar*itect2 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,build+1 ,rank91 ,kellogg ,crane1 ar*itects2 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,s\? ,build+1 ! ,sup]vis+ ,ar*itect2 ,naval ,obs]vatory2 ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,build+1 ,a4 ,b4 ,mullett1 sup]vis+ ar*itect2 ,old ,p5sion ,(fice ,build+ 7,g5]al ,acc\nt+ ,(fice72 ,army ,w> ,college1 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ar*itects2 ,walt] ,re$ ,hospital2 ,naval ,hospital2 ,public ,libr>y1 ,ack]man ,ross1 ar*itects2 ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,/&>ds2 ,national ,zoological ,p>k 7l>ge new build+s complet$ 9 #aicg72 ,national ,gall]y ( ,art 7n[ "u con/ruction71 ,john ,russell ,pope1 ar*itect4 ,,important ,,bridges ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ar*itects2 ,calv]t ,/reet ,bridge1 ,paul ,p4 ,cret1 ar*itect2 ,francis ,scott ,key ,bridge1 ,na?an ,wye?1 ar*itect2 ,connecticut ,av5ue 7,taft7 ,bridge1 ,edw>d ,p4 ,casey1 ar*itect1 lions by ,r4 ,h9ton ,p]ry2 ,q ,/reet ,bridge1 ,gl5n ,br[n & ,b$=d ,br[n1 ar*itects1 ,a4 ,phimi/] ,proctor1 sculptor2 ,kl+le ,=d ,bridge1 ,connecticut ,av5ue1 ,paul ,p4 ,cret1 ar*itect2 ,new ,*a9 ,bridge1 design$ "u sup]vision ( ,brig4 ,g54 ,dan ,i4 ,sultan1 =m] ,eng9e] ,commission] ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 ,john ,philip ,s\sa ,bridge1 ,s\!a/1 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ar*itects4 ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul 7,,wa%+ton ,,ca!dral7 ,! ca!dral is situat$ on ,m\nt ,/4 ,alban1 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! city1 on a hill #djj feet 9 height1 said to be ! highe/ po9t 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 giv+ a sup]b view ov] ! ,national ,capital4 ,! ca!dral1 also kn[n z ! ,national ,ca!dral1 0 design$ by ,george ,f4 ,bodley1 ( ,london1 & ,h5ry ,vaughn1 ( ,bo/on4 ,x is a typical f\rte5? c5tury ,go?ic edifice4 ,! corn]/one 0 laid 9 #aijg1 & s9ce !n a l>ge "p ( ! ca!dral has be5 complet$4 ,its ultimate co/1 x is e/imat$1 w be #bj1jjj1jjj4 ,! c5tral nave is ab\t complete1 ! apse & nor? transept are f9i%$ z are also sev]al ( ! *apels1 su* z ! ,be?lehem ,*apel1 ! ,norman ,*apel1 ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,john1 & ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,!re are co/ly /ones 9 ! build+ f _m p>ts ( ! _w1 includ+ a /one f ,be?lehem1 :i* =m$ ! corn]/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton ,,ca!dral ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton ,,ca!dral ,illu/ration3 ,,national ,,%r9e ,,( ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception ,! build+ is con/ruct$ ( lime/one4 ,! sculpture & beautifully /a9$ glass w9d[s =m ! pr9cipal decorations4 ,! total l5g? ( ! build+ f ! ext]ior ( ! apse at ! ea/]n end to ! ma9 entrance at ! we/]n end w be #ecd feet4 ,! total spread ( ! transepts w be #bae feet1 & ea* ( ^! arms ( ! cross w be #aje feet wide4 ,! gr\nd area ( ! ca!dral w be #ga1jjj squ>e feet1 & ?is w be ample to provide /&+ room = #bg1jjj p]sons or seat+ space = #g1ejj4 ,! c5tral t[] w rise to a height ( #bfb feet & ea* ( ! two we/]n t[]s w be #aie feet high4 ,! nave w h a span ( #dj feet & its height w be #ie feet4 ,)9 ! ca!dral are buri$ ,woodr[ ,wilson1 our ,_w ,w> ,presid5t2 also ,admiral ,george ,dewey1 ,g5]al ,nelson ,a4 ,miles1 & sev]al bi%ops ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,! gr\nds comprise #fg acres1 & ! c>efully design$ ,bi%op's ,g>d5 =ms an int]e/+ feature4 ,! ,national ,ca!dral ,s*ool = ,girls & = ,boys & ! ,college ( ,prea*]s are )9 ! gr\nds4 ,,national ,,%r9e ,,( ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception ,?is ca!dral has be5 design$ 9 ! ,roman-,byzant9e /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,x is locat$ on ,mi*igan ,av5ue1 ,brookl&1 9 ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity gr\nds4 ,! corn]/one = ! *ur* 0 laid 9 #aibj4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! total co/ w be #ej1jjj1jjj4 ,! ar*itects are ,mag9nis ,wal%1 ( ,bo/on1 & ,pr(essor ,fr$]ick ,v4 ,murphy1 ar*itect1 ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! build+ z design$ is cruci=m 9 plan1 ) a triple apse1 at ! focus ( :i* is plac$ ! c5tral alt> )9 a great balda*94 ,! apse is ( va/ scale &1 ) ! presbyt]y t sep>ates x f ! transepts1 w admit ( important c]emonies4 ,! dome w be #bej feet high2 ! tall campanile1 or bell t[]1 #ccj feet high4 ,! build+ is to take its place ) su* notable memorials z ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore1 ( ,rome1 & ,santa ,m>ia del ,fiore1 ( ,flor5ce4 ,x is to /& z a symbol ( ,am]ican ,ca?olic devotion to ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! availability ( ! ,byzant9e tradition = ! r5d]+ ( ?is idea 0 readily p]ceiv$4 ,! crypt1 capable ( seat+ approximately #a1ejj p]sons1 has be5 complet$4 ,"h a mo/ int]e/+ decorative s*eme 9 t]ms ( faence has be5 introduc$ to enri* ! effect ( ! vaults4 ,! c5tral alt> is ( ,alg]ian onyx4 ,! pavem5t is ( ,italian m>ble4 ,! crypt is ri*ly treat$ ) /ill o!r m>bles & ) mosaics4 ,,national ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,wa%+ton ,!re is no city 9 ! c\ntry t has s _m repres5tative *ur*es z ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 :i* is und\bt$ly due to ! fact t ?is is ! ,national ,capital4 ,! lead+ d5om9ations ( ! c\ntry1 recogniz+ ! importance ( religion 9 ! life ( ! ,nation1 h erect$ or are rais+ funds = ! erection ( great edifices1 includ+ memorial *ur*es1 fitt+ly to repres5t !m at ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 *apt] ,,xx att5tion has already be5 direct$ to ! e>lie/ *ur*es 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,,embassies ,,& ,,legations ,among ! notable build+s 9 ! ,national ,capital t h _h a di/+ui%$ place s9ce ! e>ly days ( ! ,republic are ! resid5ces1 embassies1 & legations ( ! repres5tatives f =eign c\ntries4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are #ec1 repres5t+ ! lead+ c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,! legation & embassy build+s are held t]ritory ( ! respective c\ntries to :i* !y belong1 & fly ! flag ( _! respective nations1 except+ on /ate occasions1 :5 !y fly bo? _! own flag & t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,l',enfant1 9 8 plan ( ! city1 contemplat$ diplomatic build+s to l9e ! ,mall4 ,b z ! ,mall 0 delay$ 9 its developm5t = ov] a c5tury1 ! museum type ( build+ has be5 erect$ on ! ,mall & ! diplomatic e/abli%m5ts locat$ else:]e4 ,9 lat] ye>s ! sugge/ion 0 (f]$ to locate !m 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! embassies & legations are locat$1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ! resid5tial section ( nor?we/ ,wa%+ton4 ,q a numb] are on ,sixte5? ,/reet 9 ! vic9ity ( ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k4 ,9 m rec5t ye>s sev]al ( ! lead+ c\ntries h built new embassies on spaci\s gr\nds4 ,9 ?is ,great ,brita9 has tak5 ! lead1 hav+ built a l>ge embassy on #d acres ( gr\nd at #cajj ,massa*usetts ,av5ue1 ne> ! ,naval ,obs]vatory4 ,?ree blocks beyond1 ! ,norwegian ,legation build+ has rec5tly be5 complet$4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! ,imp]ial ,japanese ,gov]nm5t built a new embassy at #bead ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t rec5tly pur*as$ ! home ( ,john ,hays ,hammond = its new embassy4 ,a li/ ( ! c\ntries hav+ embassies & legations 9 ,wa%+ton 7) ! exception ( ,e/onia1 ^: repres5tative is locat$ 9 ,new ,york ,city7 is z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,,briti% ,,embassy ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,embassy ,albania3 ,! ,mayfl[] ,hotel4 ,arg5t9a3 #ahjf ,corcoran ,/reet4 ,belgium3 #aggg ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,bolivia3 ,fifte5? & ,k ,/reets4 ,brazil3 #cjjg ,:itehav5 ,/reet4 ,bulg>ia3 #bhha ,woodl& ,drive4 ,canada3 #agdf ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,*ile3 #baed ,florida ,av5ue4 ,*9a3 #bjja ,n9ete5? ,/reet4 ,colombia3 #aebj ,tw5tie? ,/reet4 ,co/a ,rica3 #babh ,bancr(t ,place4 ,cuba3 #bfcj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,cze*oslovakia3 #bcdi ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,d5m>k3 #ahfh ,columbia ,road4 ,dom9ican ,republic3 #bfcc ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,ecuador3 ,b>r ,build+4 ,egypt3 #bcja ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,el ,salvador3 #bdjj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,e/onia3 ,rockefell] ,plaza1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,f9l&3 #bdaf ,tracy ,place4 ,france1 ,*anc]y3 #afja ,v ,/reet4 ,g]many3 #adci ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,great ,brita93 #cajj ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,greece3 #bbba ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,guatemala3 #afad ,eighte5? ,/reet4 ,haiti3 #ejag ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,honduras3 #bfaa ,woodley ,place4 ,hung>y3 #adbd ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,irel&3 #bcaj ,tracy ,place4 ,italy3 #bgjj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,japan3 #bead ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,latvia3 #agae ,tw5ty-second ,/reet4 ,li?uania3 #bfbb ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,mexico3 #bhbi ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,ne!rl&s3 #adgj ,euclid ,/reet4 ,nic>agua3 #aeba ,new ,hamp%ire ,av5ue4 ,norway3 #cdja ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,panama3 #aecf ,eighte5? ,/reet4 ,p>aguay3 ,w>dman ,p>k ,hotel4 ,p]u3 #acjj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,pol&3 #bfdj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,portugal3 ,w>dman ,p>k ,hotel4 ,rumania3 #afja ,tw5ty-?ird ,/reet4 ,siam3 #bcjj ,kalorama ,road4 ,spa93 #bhja ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,sw$53 #bbdg ,r ,/reet4 ,switz]l&3 #bdai ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,turkey3 #afjf ,tw5ty-?ird ,/reet4 ,union ( ,s\? ,africa3 #caja ,massa*usetts ,av5ue4 ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics3 #aabe ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,uruguay3 #ajaj ,v]mont ,av5ue4 ,v5ezuela3 #bdjj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,yugoslavia3 #aebj ,sixte5? ,/reet4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,! ,,public-,,build+s ,,program ,,new ,,build+s ,,necess>y ,z a result ( ! ,_w ,w>1 ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts 9 ,wa%+ton became ov]cr[d$1 & f #cj1jjj to #dj1jjj employees 7 h\s$ 9 tempor>y build+s4 ,?is conge/$ situation made a public-build+ program "o ( urg5t ne$4 ,= #dj ye>s no real dep>tm5t build+ _h be5 erect$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 0 9 #dg r5t$ build+s4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,w> & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,navy 7 h\s$ 9 _m tempor>y w> build+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( #aiaj ,,= ,,develop+ ,,s\? ,,side ,,( ,,p5nsylvania ,,av5ue ,,plans ,,z ,,develop$ ,9 #aiaj plans 7 au?oriz$ = ?ree dep>tm5t build+s--,ju/ice1 ,comm]ce & ,labor1 & ,/ate--to be built along ,fifte5? ,/reet1 betwe5 ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,b ,/reet ,,nw41 n[ ,con/itution ,av5ue1 & ! l& 9 ?is locality 0 b\ght by ! ,gov]nm5t1 b ! build+ project 0 def]r$4 ,aga91 9 #aiac1 ,congress took up ! "q ( a public-build+ program1 & 9 #aiag a compreh5sive survey 0 made by ! ,public ,build+s ,commission ( ! ne$s ( ! ,gov]nm5t = additional build+s4 ,at t "t ! area s\? ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue along ,fifte5? ,/reet to ,con/itution ,av5ue1 :i* 9 #aiaj 0 propos$ = ?ree build+s1 0 designat$ = two build+s4 ,!n came ! ,_w ,w>1 dur+ :i* ! _m tempor>y w> build+s 7 erect$4 ,presid5t ,coolidge 9 8 message to ,congress on ,decemb] #i1 #aibe1 call$ att5tion to ! great ne$ = public build+s & ask$ = an annual appropriation ( #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,he said3 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mall ,,f ,,! ,,capitol ,,dome1 ,,look+ ,,we/ ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mall ,,f ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ ,no public build+s bill has be5 enact$ s9ce be=e ! w>4 ,i am n 9 favor ( an act :i* w\ld be *>act]iz$ z a g5]al p>cel+ out ( favors & t usually be>s a "n lack+ 9 good repute4 ,i am ready to approve an act simil> 9 "* to t already pass$ by ! ,h\se1 provid+ a lump-sum appropriation to be exp5d$ "u ! direction ( ! ,treasury or any o!r prop] au?ority1 ov] a t]m ( ye>s1 ) su* annual appropriation z ! national f9ances c\ld provide4 ,! public build+s act 0 approv$ ,may #be1 #aibf4 ,?is m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( a public-build+s program 9 ! ,national ,capital great] ?an any :i* _h be5 und]tak5 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t along ! banks ( ! ,potomac 9 #agij4 ,congress plac$ ! public-build+s program 9 ! h&s ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 bo? = ,f$]al build+s 9 ! ,/ates & = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,to assi/ him 9 ! plans = new public build+s "h 9 ! ,national ,capital ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury appo9t$ a bo>d ( ar*itectural consultants4 ,! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts has be5 call$ ^u regul>ly to advise 9 ! developm5t ( ! plans = ! new public build+s4 ,five ye>s _h n yet elaps$ :5 ! long p5t-up ne$s = build+s to accommodate public bus9ess f9ally bur/ _! bonds 9 ! act ( #aibf4 ,! prep>ations = ! flood _h be5 long 9 ! mak+--s long & s c>efully consid]$1 inde$1 t ! flood has always be5 "u control4 ,!re has be5 no haphaz>d plann+4 ,no ha/y or ill-consid]$ "w has be5 done4 ,! h>moni\s developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital has progress$ 9 =m t w\ld h pleas$ ,george ,wa%+ton1 & latt]ly ) a spe$ & vigor t w\ld h gladd5$ 8 he>t4 ,9 addition to ! great public-build+s program & ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 ,congress au?oriz$ dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s _m o!r great projects = ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital :i* contribute to mak+ ,wa%+ton ! greate/ & mo/ beautiful national capital 9 ! _w4 ,among ^! are3 ,! completion ( ! ,tomb ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi] at ,arl+ton1 ! re/oration ( ,arl+ton ,mansion1 ! ,m\nt ,v]non ,highway1 ! ,george ,wa%+ton ,memorial ,p>kway1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! ,capitol ,gr\nds & developm5t ( ,union ,/ation ,plaza1 developm5t ( ! ,mall1 addition to ! ,h\se ,(fice ,build+1 addition to ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ext5sion1 ,social ,security ,build+1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 ,navy ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 new ,naval ,hospital1 ,municipal ,c5t] developm5t1 ,walt] ,re$ ,g5]al ,hospital build+s1 ,botanic ,g>d5 & new cons]vatory ne> ! ,capitol1 & a ,national ,arboretum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,capitol ,,gr\nds ,illu/ration3 ,,p5nsylvania ,,av5ue ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,treasury ,,& ,,! ,,capitol ,,p5nsylvania ,,av5ue ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue is ! great hi/oric av5ue ( ! ,nation1 p>ticul>ly t portion betwe5 ! legislative & executive bran*es ( ! ,gov]nm5t--! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se--ext5d+ a di/ance ( #a mile4 ,x 0 nam$ by ,congress at ! "t ! plan ( ,wa%+ton 0 "u consid]ation1 9 complim5t to ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 ! "t ( ,?omas ,jeff]son x 0 a du/y highway1 & to add beauty to x he plant$ quick-gr[+ popl> trees4 ,be+ ab\t at sea level 9 elevation1 x 0 ! sc5e ( r[boats 9 times ( flood z late z ! ye> #ahhj4 ,sev]al l>ge dep>tm5t /ores ( ! city to-day _h _! beg9n+ on ! ,av5ue4 ,! ,ev5+ ,/> has be5 publi%$ !re = ab\t #hi ye>s2 its home1 remodel$ f "t to "t1 to-day is a l>ge & beautiful build+4 ,s9ce ! ,l',enfant plan provid$ = giv+ ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue a conspicu\s place 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,national ,capital1 ,congress decid$1 by ! public build+s act ( ,may #be1 #aibf1 t ! necess>y l& on ! s\? side ( ! ,av5ue f ! ,capitol to ! ,treasury %\ld be pur*as$ by ! ,gov]nm5t & monum5tal build+s erect$ !reon4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ! bill 0 sponsor$ by ,congressman ,ri*>d ,n4 ,elliott4 ,z ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,public ,build+s & ,gr\nds1 he _h a v prom95t "p 9 fur!r+ ! legislation = ! public build+s program ( ! ,national ,capital & also = ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,m public build+s 7 au?oriz$ dur+ ! ,sixty-n9? & ,sev5tie? ,congresses 7#aibe-aibi7 ?an 9 all ! prec$+ ,congresses4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate ! public build+s program 0 sponsor$ by ,s5ator ,b]t ,n4 ,f]nald & aft] 8 dea? 9 #aibf by ,s5ator ,h5ry ,w4 ,keyes1 ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,public ,build+s & ,gr\nds ( ! ,s5ate4 ,?is is ! ,triangle ,plan1 :i* is n[ be+ c>ri$ out4 ,9 due "t x is expect$ also t ! nor? side w be develop$ to correspond to ! s\? side4 ,h[ev]1 sev]al build+s n[ !re may be consid]$ z e/abli%$ = decades to come4 ,"h at ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 connect+ ! ,capitol & ! ,:ite ,h\se1 we are at ! he>t ( ! ,nation4 ,x is ! ,via ,sacra ( ! great ,republic ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,on ,septemb] #e1 #aica1 at ! gr\nd-break+ c]emony = ! ,ar*ives ,build+1 at ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue & ,sev5? ,/reet1 ,hon4 ,f]ry ,k4 ,hea?1 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 :o 0 9 imm$iate *>ge ( ! public-build+s program1 said3 8,! /ory ( ! traffic & p>ades ( ?is great ,av5ue w\ld be an outl9e ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,! act = enl>g+ ! ,capitol ,gr\nds1 & ! municipal c5t] developm5t on ! nor? side ( ! ,av5ue1 gives ! ,gov]nm5t control f ! ,capitol to ,six? ,/reet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,union ,,/ation ,,& ,,plaza1 ,,look+ ,,nor? ,,f ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,capitol ,,triangle ,,developm5t ,^u ! adoption ( ! public build+s act ( ,may #be1 #aibf1 ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon1 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 took up ) ! ,public ,build+s ,commission1 & ! executive dep>tm5ts t 7 9 imm$iate ne$ ( new build+s1 ! project to place ! build+ program "u way4 ,secret>y ,mellon au?oriz$ ! prep>ation ( a t5tative /udy = new public build+s1 & aft] an int]val ( a few mon?s sket*es 7 submitt$ to him = a s]ies ( build+s monum5tal 9 "* & int5d$ = ! mo/ "p = locations s\? ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue4 ,! great] "p ( ! ,triangle developm5t has be5 complet$4 ,,enl>gem5t ,,( ,,! ,,capitol ,,gr\nds ,,& ,,union ,,/ation ,,plaza ,,developm5t ,an important feature ( ! ,mc,millan ,p>k ,commission plan ( #aija 0 ! creation ( a s]ies ( 8,congress ,g>d5s0 on ! nor? side ( ! ,capitol4 ,= _m ye>s ?is project 0 held 9 abeyance p5d+ ! completion ( ! pur*ase ( l&s4 ,! developm5t necessitat$ ! pur*ase ( #ab squ>es & lay+ out a plan = ?is long-neglect$ area at ! entrance to ! city4 ,! plan also provid$ = a new av5ue to ext5d f ,union ,/ation to ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 & /reet c>s are r\t$ accord+ly4 ,9 addition to ! l&scape features1 ! plan1 :i* 0 design$ by ,b5nett1 ,p>sons ,fro/1 ar*itects ( ,*icago1 provid$ = a t]race ^u :i* is locat$ a f\nta9 & also a l>ge bas91 :i* reflects ! ,dome ( ! ,capitol4 ,to h>monize ) ?is plan1 a new approa* to ! nor?we/ corn] ( ! ,s5ate ,(fice ,build+ has be5 built4 ,! tempor>y w> build+s & ,gov]nm5t hotels1 :i* /ood on ! gr\nds a :ole decade aft] ! ,_w ,w>1 h be5 remov$1 & ! "w ( develop+ ! plan 0 c>ri$ =w>d z rapidly z possible "u ! direction ( ,david ,lynn1 ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol4 ,?r\gh ?is plan ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capitol is giv5 ! appropriate l&scape sett+ :i*1 z ! mo/ important build+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 x %\ld h4 ,! plan jo9s ! plan = ! ,mall1 giv+ ! ,capitol ! op5 approa* f ! we/ & embelli%+ ,union ,squ>e at ! head ( ! ,mall4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,supreme ,,c\rt ,,build+ ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+ is 9 classic /yle1 9 h>mony ) ! ar*itecture ( ! ,capitol & adjac5t build+s1 & is locat$ 9 ! squ>e ea/ ( ! ,capitol1 nor? ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 & fac+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate ,*amb]4 ,! build+1 #che feet f ea/ to we/ & #cje feet f nor? to s\?1 has f\r op5 c\rty>ds #fd feet squ>e4 ,! portico is ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 & !re is a l[ pila/] treatm5t ar\nd ! build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,photograph by ,comm]cial ,photo ,co4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,supreme ,,c\rt ,,build+ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,supreme ,,c\rt ,,*amb] ,,frieze ,,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,we9man1 ,,sculptor ,g5]al designs 7 prep>$1 & !n1 to unify e "p ( ! design1 a model 0 made :i* 0 publicly exhibit$ 9 ! ,rotunda ( ! ,capitol = a numb] ( mon?s4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ,*amb] is plac$ on ! ma9 axis ( ! plan4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by appropriate simplicity & quiet dignity4 ,x is classical 9 /yle1 #hb feet by #ia feet squ>e 9 its extreme dim5sions1 ab\t #fd feet squ>e inside ! columns1 & #de feet high f floor to ceil+4 ,! second floor conta9s a law libr>y & rooms = memb]s ( ! b> & conf]5ce rooms4 ,! ?ird floor conta9s a law libr>y & read+ room4 ,! ju/ices' rooms are on ! fir/ floor1 conv5i5t to ! c\rt room4 ,a numb] ( rooms = ! use ( lawy]s are provid$ 9 ! second /ory4 ,two l>ge conf]5ce rooms are provid$ on ! ma9 floor1 & on ?is floor also rooms are provid$ = ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,solicitor ,g5]al1 ! cl]k ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 & ! m>%al4 ,conv5i5t rooms & special telephone boo?s h be5 provid$ = ! press4 ,! appropriation = ! build+ au?oriz$ by ,congress 0 #i1gdj1jjj4 ,! build+ 0 design$ by ,cass ,gilb]t1 ar*itect1 & ! erection 0 "u ! *>ge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+ ,commission1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,*>les ,evans ,hughes1 *airman4 ,david ,lynn1 ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol1 a memb] ( ! commission1 0 ! contract+ (fic]4 ,,homes ,,( ,,! ,,supreme ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! major tribunal ( "o ( ?ree coord9ate bran*es ( ! ,gov]nm5t--! judicial4 ,dur+ ! #adh ye>s ( its exi/5ce ! ,supreme ,c\rt has sat 9 eight diff]5t places1 always 9 or ne> ! ,capitol or place ( meet+ ( ! legislative body4 ,?us x met1 fir/1 9 ,new ,york2 second1 9 ,indep5d5ce ,hall1 ,philadelphia2 ?ird1 9 ! basem5t ( ! ,capitol1 :]e x 0 :5 ! ,briti% burn$ ! ,capitol 9 #ahad2 f\r?1 :ile ! ,capitol 0 be+ rebuilt ! ,supreme ,c\rt occupi$ ! resid5ce ( ! cl]k ( ! c\rt2 fif?1 :5 ! ,capitol w+s 7 built x mov$ into its =m] *amb]2 six?1 :5 driv5 out by an explosion & fire 9 #ahih x occupi$ ! committee room ( ! ,s5ate ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ( :i* ,s5ator ,mc,millan 0 *airman1 & also sat = a brief p]iod 9 ! ,judici>y ,committee ,room4 ,x !n mov$ back into :at 0 ! old ,s5ate ,*amb] until #ahei :i* 0 design$ by ,b5jam9 ,latrobe1 aft] ! model ( a ,greek !at]1 a semicircul> hall ) a l[-dom$ ceil+4 ,x is hi/oric4 ,"h ,web/] repli$ to ,hayne2 "h ,calh\n debat$ ) ,clay & ,web/]2 & 9 x ! ,electoral ,commission sat :i* decid$ ! presid5tial conte/ betwe5 ,hayes & ,tild5 9 #ahgg4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,! fir/ ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia consi/$ ( ?ree ,commission]s appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!n #ba mayors s]v$ f #ahjb to #ahga4 ,a ,t]ritorial =m ( gov]nm5t1 consi/+ ( a gov]nor1 a bo>d ( public works1 & a legislative assembly1 0 provid$ = by an act ( ,congress ( ,febru>y #ba1 #ahga4 ,! legislative assembly consi/$ ( #aa memb]s1 call$ a c\ncil1 & #bb o!r memb]s1 call$ a h\se ( delegates4 ,! ,di/rict also _h a ,delegate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! gov]nor & ! bo>d ( public works 7 appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! legislative assembly 0 elect$ by ! p4 ,?is =m ( gov]nm5t la/$ ?ree ye>s1 until ,june #bj1 #ahgd1 :5 ,congress provid$ t ! ,di/rict %\ld be gov]n$ by ?ree commission]s1 appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,?is 0 kn[n z ! tempor>y =m ( gov]nm5t & la/$ until ,june #cj1 #ahgh4 ,!reupon ! ,congress1 by an act approv$ ,june #aa1 #ahgh1 creat$ ! pres5t =m ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 to become effective ,july #a1 #ahgh4 ,by ?is act ! ,di/rict 0 creat$ a municipal corporation ) "r to sue & be su$4 ,! act provid$ = ! appo9tm5t ( ?ree commission]s1 two ( !m to be select$ by ! ,presid5t f p]sons resid+ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia = a p]iod ( ?ree ye>s prec$+ _! appo9tm5t4 ,! ?ird memb] 0 to be an (fic] ( ! ,eng9e] ,corps1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 detail$ by ! ,presid5t1 & to be kn[n z ! eng9e] commission]4 ,! appo9tm5ts ( ! civilian commission]s are = a p]iod ( ?ree ye>s1 or until _! successors are appo9t$4 ,! detail ( ! eng9e] commission] is at ! pleasure ( ! ,presid5t4 ,?is detail is usually ab\t f\r ye>s4 ,:ile ! ,di/rict has a municipal =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,congress1 by v>i\s /atutory enactm5ts1 has treat$ x z a bran* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t by includ+ x 9 legislation apply+ to ! executive dep>tm5ts1 su* z ! budget & acc\nt+ act1 ! act classify+ ! sal>ies ( ,f$]al employees1 & ! act provid+ = retirem5t ( ,f$]al employees4 ,9 ! act ( ,june #aa1 #ahgh1 x 0 provid$ t ! exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict %\ld be borne #ej p] c5t by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t & #ej p] c5t f ! rev5ues ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 rais$ by taxation4 ,?is me?od ( f9anc+ rema9$ 9 =ce f #ahgh until #aibj4 ,9 t ye> ! proportionate exp5se 0 *ang$ by ,congress s t #fj p] c5t ( ! exp5ditures 0 rais$ by taxation & #dj p] c5t 0 contribut$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is provision cont9u$ 9 =ce until ! ye> #aibe1 :5 ,congress det]m9$ on a lump-sum contribution ( #i1jjj1jjj annually1 ! balance ( ! exp5ses to be rais$ by taxation2 ! am\nts ( money appropriat$ h v>i$ s9ce !n4 ,! heads ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts make recomm5dations to ! commission] 9 *>ge ( _! respective dep>tm5ts1 & ea* commission] br+s ^! recomm5dations to meet+s ( ! bo>d ( commission]s1 :i* are held on ,tuesday & ,friday ( ea* week4 ,! secret>y to ! bo>d ( commission]s records ! action on ^! recomm5dations & acts z executive (fic] ( ! bo>d by issu+ ord]s & c>ry+ on correspond5ce4 ,n all ( ! municipal duties are1 h[ev]1 ve/$ 9 ! bo>d ( commission]s4 ,! managem5t ( ! public s*ools is ve/$ 9 a s*ool bo>d ( n9e memb]s appo9t$ by ! ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! ,public ,libr>y1 ) its bran*es1 is manag$ by a bo>d ( tru/ees appo9t$ by ! bo>d ( commission]s4 ,! p5al1 *>itable1 & correctional in/itutions are manag$ by a bo>d ( public welf>e appo9t$ by ! commission]s4 ,! public utilities are "u a public-utilities commission1 consi/+ ( two civilians1 appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 & ! eng9e] commission]1 :o is a memb] ex (ficio4 ,! public p>ks are "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 :i* is also 9 *>ge ( public build+s & gr\nds4 ,! wat] supply is "u an ,army eng9e] (fic]1 designat$ ! di/rict eng9e]1 b ! di/ribution ( ! wat] is "u ! jurisdiction ( ! commission]s4 ,! zon+ ( private prop]ty z to height ( build+1 use ( build+1 area ( gr\nd to be built ^u1 is h&l$ by a zon+ commission1 ( :i* ! ?ree commission]s are memb]s &1 9 addition !reto1 ! ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol & ! ,director ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 ,! ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ! judges ( ! police1 municipal1 & juv5ile c\rts are appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 z is also ! record] ( de$s4 ,! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission has be5 creat$ by ,congress to advise ! commission]s z to ! plann+ ( ! city 9 lay+ out new & *ang+ old highways4 ,?is commission pur*ases all l& = p>ks & playgr\nds4 ,! l& s pur*as$ = p>ks is plac$ "u ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior & ! l& = playgr\nds "u ! commission]s4 ,all exp5ditures = municipal purposes1 includ+ ! s*ools1 p>ks1 wat] supply1 l& pur*ases1 etc41 are appropriat$ by ,congress annually1 & are bas$ ^u e/imates submitt$ by ! heads ( ! ,di/rict gov]nm5t & ! o!r (ficials h]e9be=e nam$4 ,^! e/imates are submitt$ by ! ,commission]s to ! ,director ( ! ,budget1 a ,f$]al (ficial1 & :5 approv$ are submitt$ by ! ,presid5t to ,congress1 toge!r ) ! e/imates ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,be=e submitt+ su* e/imates ! ,commission]s fix ^u a tax rate :i* !y believe %\ld n be exce$$4 ,?is tax rate is su* t1 :5 appli$ to ! taxable value ( real1 p]sonal1 & intangible prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 x w raise ! funds necess>y to meet ! e/imates ( ! appropriations submitt$ to ! ,director ( ! ,budget4 ,! pres5t rate ( taxation = real & p]sonal prop]ty is #a4ge p] #ajj1 bas$ on full value4 ,= intangible p]sonal prop]ty1 su* z money 9 bank1 /ocks & bonds1 etc41 ! rate is #e p] ?\s&4 ,= ! fiscal ye> end$ ,june #cj1 #aich1 ! assess$ value ( l& 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 #dhj1dgc1gah1 & ( improvem5ts #gac1jbe1cfh1 a total ( #a1aic1dii1jhf4 ,! assess$ value ( tangible p]sonal prop]ty = ! same ye> 0 #ha1eff1ajg4 ,! value ( intangible p]sonal prop]ty 0 #ege1dgb1jgj4 ,! budget e/imate z submitt$ by ! ,presid5t to ,congress ea* ye> is review$ by subcommittees ( ! ,appropriations ,committees ( ! ,h\se & ,s5ate1 & ! total am\nt ( ! ,appropriation is fix$ by ,congress & approv$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,"u ! provisions ( ! ,con/itution1 all legislation affect+ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia mu/ be pass$ by ,congress4 ,! advice ( ! ,commission]s is usually s\ght be=e su* legislation is enact$4 ,:at has be5 /at$ is b a brief outl9e ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x c readily be se5 t ! ,di/rict has a dual /atus z a municipal corporation & z a bran* ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is situation has no p>allel 9 any o!r city ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,di/rict is also unique 9 hav+ no bond$ debt4 ,all ( its exp5ses are borne f curr5t rev5ues4 ,! resid5ts ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia d n enjoy ! privilege & obligation ( suffrage4 ,on ! "q ( :e!r ! p %\ld be all[$ to vote 9 national elections & 9 local elections !re is a division ( op9ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arl+ton ,,cemet]y1 ,,arl+ton ,,mansion1 ,,& ,,=t ,,my] ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,arl+ton ,,national ,,cemet]y ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,arl+ton ,! l& compris+ ! ,arl+ton e/ate1 #a1ajj acres1 0 sold by ,g]>d ,alex&] to ,john ,p>ke ,cu/is 9 ,decemb]1 #aggh1 = a consid]ation ( #aa1jjj ,virg9ia curr5cy4 ,john ,p>ke ,cu/is nev] liv$ at ,arl+ton1 & on 8 dea? 9 #agha 8 son1 ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is1 inh]it$ ! ,arl+ton e/ate4 ,mr4 ,cu/is liv$ at ,m\nt ,v]non1 h[ev]1 until aft] ! dea? ( ,m>?a ,wa%+ton1 :i* occurr$ on ,may #bb1 #ahjb4 ,he !n took possession ( ! tract1 *ang$ ! "n to ,arl+ton1 aft] an old family seat on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,virg9ia4 ,:ile he 0 build+ ! mansion he liv$ 9 a small cottage on ! ,potomac4 ,! two w+s 7 built fir/4 ,! c5tral portion ( ! h\se1 ) its massive columns1 is said to h be5 built f plans drawn by ,george ,hadfield1 an ,engli% ar*itect1 :o came to ?is c\ntry ) ! int5tion ( design+ ! new ,capitol4 ,! date :5 ! mansion 0 complet$ is unc]ta91 b ,mrs4 ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee is au?ority = ! /atem5t t x 0 complet$ j be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! family liv$ 9 ! w+s = _m ye>s4 ,9 #ahjd ,mr4 ,cu/is m>ri$ ,m>y ,lee ,fitzhugh1 daught] ( ,william ,fitzhugh1 ( ,*a?am1 at ,alex&ria1 ,va4 ,to ?is union f\r *ildr5 7 born1 b only "o1 ,m>y ,ann ,r&olph ,cu/is 7born ,octob] #a1 #ahjh71 liv$4 ,on ,june #cj1 #ahca1 %e became ! wife ( ,lieut4 ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee4 ,^u ! dea? ( h] fa!r1 9 #aheg1 title to ! e/ate pass$ to ,mrs4 ,lee4 ,on ,may #bd1 #ahfa1 ,union troops occupi$ ,arl+ton1 & x soon became an arm$ camp4 ,"u an act ( ,congress pass$ ,june #ag1 #ahfb1 c]ta9 commission]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t 7 appo9t$ to levy & collect taxes 9 ,virg9ia & else:]e2 & if default 9 paym5t 0 made1 to sell ! real e/ate ^u :i* ! taxes 7 levi$4 ,prior to ,janu>y1 #ahfd1 ! commission]s _h adopt$ a rule by :i* paym5t ( taxes 9 ! di/rict :]e ! ,arl+ton prop]ty 0 locat$ w\ld n be accept$ unless t5d]$ by ! own] 9 p]son4 ,mrs4 ,lee c\ld n comply ) ?is rule1 s %e s5t a c\s91 ,mr4 ,f5dall1 to pay ! taxes4 ,! money 0 refus$1 & he 0 in=m$ t ,mrs4 ,lee mu/ be pres5t 9 p]son4 ,on ,janu>y #aa1 #ahfd1 !re 0 due only ! sum ( #ib4jg on ! #a1ajj acres ( ! ,arl+ton e/ate1 toge!r ) a #ej p] c5t p5alty1 :5 ! prop]ty 0 sold 8accord+ to law10 z /at$ 9 ! tax c]tificate4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates acquir$ title to ! prop]ty at public auction by ! paym5t ( #bf1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arl+ton ,,mansion--,,reception ,,hall ,^u ! dea? ( ,mrs4 ,lee1 9 #ahgc1 h] elde/ son1 ,george ,wa%+ton ,cu/is ,lee1 accord+ to ! w ( 8 gr&fa!r1 ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is1 became entitl$ to ! ,arl+ton e/ate4 ,he at once took /eps look+ to ! recov]y ( ! prop]ty4 ,aft] petition+ ,congress 9 va91 he began suit 9 ejectm5t 9 #ahgg at ,alex&ria1 ,va4 ,9 #ahgi ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt = ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,virg9ia decid$ he 0 entitl$ to ! e/ate & t ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n h lawful title4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice c>ri$ ! case to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 :i* decid$ t ! prop]ty belong$ to ,mr4 ,lee4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ?us fac$ ) ! "q ( :e!r to dis9t] ! rema9s ( ?\s&s ( soldi]s & sailors & vacate ! prop]ty1 "p ( :i* _h become a milit>y po/1 or pur*ase ! same4 ,h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,lee 0 will+ to sell ,arl+ton = #aej1jjj4 ,on ,m>* #c1 #ahhc1 ! ,=ty-sev5? ,congress appropriat$ ! necess>y money1 & on ,m>* #ca ,mr4 ,lee execut$ a de$ :i* convey$ ! title to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! de$ 0 record$ at ! ,alex&ria ,c\nty ,c\r?\se on ! #ad? day ( ,may1 #ahhc1 j #bb ye>s1 less #aj days1 f ! day1 ,may #bd1 #ahfa1 :5 ,g5]al ,scott's soldi]s cross$ ! ,potomac ,riv] & took possession4 ,m>y ,r&olph1 wife ( ,david ,meade ,r&olph1 & a relative ( ! ,cu/is family1 is ! fir/ p]son kn[n to h be5 buri$ at ,arl+ton4 ,9 ,april1 #ahec1 ,mrs4 ,cu/is1 wife ( ! own] ( ! e/ate1 ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is1 di$ & 0 laid to re/ 9 a little plot ( gr\nd b5ea? huge oaks n f> f ! mansion h\se4 ,! ma/] ( ,arl+ton di$ on ,octob] #aj1 #aheg1 & 0 laid beside 8 wife4 ,to-day _! graves may be se51 surm\nt$ by simple m>ble %afts1 )9 an iron-f5c$ inclosure1 :]e lilies-(-!-valley cov] ! gr\nd 9 pr(usion4 ,! ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t has rec5tly erect$ a m>k] beside ! grave ( ,mrs4 ,r&olph1 giv+ a %ort hi/ory ( h] life4 ,,arl+ton ,,z ,a ,,national ,,cemet]y ,g54 ,montgom]y ,c4 ,meigs1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 0 ! fir/ to sugge/ to ,presid5t ,l9coln t ! e/ate be conv]t$ into a milit>y cemet]y1 & 9 #ahfd1 by ord] ( ,secret>y ( ,w> ,/anton1 #bjj acres 7 set ap>t & d$icat$ z a national cemet]y = ! burial ( ,union soldi]s & sailors4 ,h[ev]1 ! fir/ man to be buri$ !re 0 a ,conf$]ate soldi] :o di$ 9 ! hospital ,may #ac1 #ahfd4 ,!re are buri$ 9 ,arl+ton a small numb] ( ^? :o f\ght 9 ! ,revolution>y ,w> & "s :o 7 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab4 ,_! rema9s 7 remov$ to ,arl+ton f an ab&on$ cemet]y 9 #ahib4 ,?\s&s ( m5 :o di$ 9 ! ,civil ,w> are buri$ !re1 ) vet]ans ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> & ! ,philipp9e campaign1 & n[ ! vet]ans ( ! ,_w ,w> are /eadily be+ add$ to ! numb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arl+ton ,,national ,,cemet]y--,,memorial ,,amphi!at] ,9 front ( ,arl+ton ,h\se is ! tomb ( ,maj4 ,pi]re ,*>les ,l',enfant1 eng9e]1 arti/1 & soldi]1 :o1 "u ! direction ( ,presid5t ,wa%+ton & ,?omas ,jeff]son1 design$ ! plans = ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,,arl+ton ,,memorial ,,amphi!at] ,on ,may #e1 #ahfh1 ,g54 ,john ,a4 ,logan1 comm&] 9 *ief ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 issu$ ! foll[+ g5]al ord] 7,no4 #aa73 ,! #cj? ( ,may1 #ahfh1 is designat$ = ! purpose ( /rew+ ) fl[]s or o!rwise decorat+ ! graves ( comrades :o di$ 9 def5se ( _! c\ntry1 99 99 99 po/s & comrades w1 9 _! own way1 arrange su* fitt+ s]vices & te/imonials ( respect z circum/ances may p]mit4 ,!re has be5 an annual obs]vance ( ?is c]emony 9 all ! national cemet]ies ( ! c\ntry s9ce ?is ord] 0 promulgat$4 ,= ye>s a v9e-cov]$ p]gola1 erect$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,army1 0 us$ = ! ,memorial ,day ex]cises4 ,:5 x 0 f\nd to be entirely inadequate to accommodate ! increas+ numb] ( p :o att5d$ ! ex]cises1 x 0 decid$ to erect a suitable build+ :i* w\ld s]ve n only z a memorial to our soldi]s & sailors b :i* w\ld also provide an assembly place = ^? att5d+ su* ex]cises z might be held 9 ! cemet]y gr\nds4 ,accord+ly1 ! fir/ /eps t[>d ?is end 7 tak5 9 #aijc1 :5 ! necessity = su* a build+ & ! appropriat5ess ( its erection 7 fir/ sugge/$ by ! comm&] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,potomac1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic4 ,prelim9>y sket*es & plans 7 prep>$ 9 #aije & pres5t$ to ,congress by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 b no action 0 tak5 until #aijh1 :5 ! ,arl+ton ,memorial ,amphi!at] ,commission 0 creat$1 & an appropriation ( #e1jjj to secure & pres5t m detail$ plans = ! propos$ memorial 0 made4 ,no fur!r action 0 tak5 by ,congress = five ye>s1 :51 by ! act ( ,m>* #c1 #aiac1 ! con/ruction ( a memorial amphi!at] & *apel1 9 accordance ) plans prep>$ by ,c>r]e ,ha/+s1 ar*itects1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 0 au?oriz$4 ,gr\nd 0 brok5 ,m>* #a1 #aiae1 ! corn] /one 0 laid ,octob] #ac1 #aiae1 & ! memorial 0 d$icat$ ,may #ae1 #aibj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tomb ,,( ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,soldi] ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,w> ,! ma9 feature ( ! /ructure consi/s ( an op5-air amphi!at]1 elliptical 9 plan1 ) a seat+ capacity ( ab\t #d1jjj p]sons4 ,its diamet]1 nor? & s\? axis1 is #bjj feet1 & #aeb feet on its ea/ & we/ axis4 ,x has a height ( approximately #cj feet4 ,! amphi!at] is inclos$ by a m>ble colonnade ) entrances at ! ends ( ! pr9cipal axis4 ,! ma9 entrance is f ! ea/1 & ?is section conta9s a reception hall & /age on ! ma9 floor1 a museum room or 8,valhalla0 on ! second floor1 & a *apel 9 ! basem5t4 ,"u ! floor ( ! colonnade1 crypts are provid$ = ! burial ( di/+ui%$ soldi]s1 sailors1 & m>9es4 ,! amphi!at]1 erect$ at a co/ ( #hbe1jjj is built ( :ite m>ble f ,v]mont4 ,inscriptions commemorate ! great w>s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,imm$iately to ! ea/ ( ! ma9 entrance is ! ,tomb ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi]1 :i* 0 complet$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t 9 accordance ) plans t provide also = a great approa* to ! tomb & ! amphi!at]4 ,,tomb ,,( ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,soldi] ,at ! "t :5 ! rites = ! ,unkn[n ,soldi] 7 solemniz$1 on ,novemb] #aa1 #aiba1 ! "t = prep>ation 0 s %ort t ! location ( ! tomb on ! t]race 9 front ( ! amphi!at] 0 quickly decid$ ^u4 ,! casket 0 inclos$ 9 :at 0 design$ to be ! base ( a monum5t :i* 0 to be erect$ lat]4 ,! prelim9>y "w 0 design$ by ,?omas ,ha/+s1 ( ! firm ( ,c>r]e ,ha/+s1 ar*itects ( ! amphi!at]4 ,five ye>s lat]1 on ,july #c1 #aibf1 ,congress au?oriz$ ! ,secret>y ( ,w> to secure by competition designs = a monum5t to co/ #ej1jjj1 & provid$ t ! accept$ design %\ld be subject to ! approval ( ! ,arl+ton ,amphi!at] ,commission 7! ,secret>ies ( ,w> & ( ! ,navy71 ! ,am]ican ,battle ,monum5ts ,commission1 & ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,a competition 0 held1 9 :i* !re 7 #ci competitors1 #e ( :om 7 select$ to ent] ! f9al /age4 ,! f9al aw>d 0 made to ,?omas ,hudson ,jones1 sculptor1 & ,lorim] ,ri*1 ar*itect1 ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,! competitors g5]ally bas$ _! designs on su* a modification ( ! t]race z w\ld place ! monum5t at ! head ( a flight ( /eps1 ! approa*es to :i* call$ = re>rangem5t ( ! imm$iate =egr\nd ( ! t]race4 ,congress accept$ ! w9n+ design1 & a supplem5tal appropriation 0 made = c>ry+ out ! design4 ,! "w ( complet+ ! ,tomb ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi] 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al ( ! ,army4 ,! co/ ( ! memorial1 con/ruct$ ( ,colorado ,yule m>ble1 0 #djj1jjj4 ,)9 ?is m>ble s>cophagus re/s ! rema9s ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi]1 a h]o ( ! ,_w ,w>4 ,! ,republic has be/[$ ^u him its mo/ *]i%$ decoration = valor1 ! ,congressional ,m$al ( ,honor1 & all ! major nations associat$ ) ,am]ica 9 ! ,great ,w> h simil>ly honor$ 8 memory & ! memory ( ! ?\s&s ( 8 comrades :o laid d[n _! lives 9 t titanic /ruggle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arl+ton ,,national ,,cemet]y--,,ma9e ,,monum5t ,,& ,,! ,,memorial ,,amphi!at] ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb ,,( ,l',,enfant ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g54 ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,/atues ,,& ,,monum5ts#a #a ,a complete li/ ( ! /atues & monum5ts w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix1 p4 #cdg4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g54 ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,! mo/ preci\s "w ( art 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! life mask ( ,george ,wa%+ton by ! not$ ,fr5* sculptor1 ,jean ,anto9e ,h\don1 :o 9 #aghe 0 commission$ by ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia to execute a m>ble /atue ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,h\don cross$ ! ocean1 sett+ sail f ,p>is1 ,france1 on ,july #bb ( t ye> = ?is purpose1 9 company ) ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,= #aj days he 0 a gue/ ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at ,m\nt ,v]non1 mak+ /udies & a ca/4 ,hav+ made 8 models1 ,h\don return$ to ,france1 rea*+ home on ,janu>y #d1 #aghf4 ,x took him two ye>s to model & c>ve ! /atue1 & ! complet$ "w arriv$ at ,ri*mond 9 #aghh4 ,eight ye>s lat] ! /atue 0 in/all$ 9 ! rotunda ( ! ,/ate capitol1 :]e x /&s to-day4 ,! /atue repres5ts ,wa%+ton 9 ! uni=m ( a ,revolution>y (fic]2 &1 accord+ to ,john ,m>%all1 8 intimate fri5d1 ?is ?ree-qu>t] view corresponds m to ! exact lik5ess ( ,wa%+ton ?an any o!r portrait4 ,a copy ( ?is /atue is 9 ! ,rotunda ( ! ,capitol1 ! gift ( ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia to ! ,nation4 ,! life mask is at ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,,tripoli ,,column ,?is 0 ! fir/ & only monum5t t /ood 9 ,wa%+ton = a p]iod ( #bf ye>s4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 memory ( ! h]oes t fell be=e ,tripoli 9 #ahjd4 ,x _h be5 made at ! exp5se ( (fic]s ( ! ,navy & 0 br\ght f ,italy 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s4 ,con/itution to ! navy y>d1 :]e x 0 erect$ 9 #ahjh "u ! direction ( ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,latrobe1 ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 9 #ahad ! navy y>d 0 burn$ by ! ,briti%1 x 0 plac$ at ! we/ side ( ! ,capitol4 ,dur+ ! recon/ruction & enl>gem5t ( ! ,capitol to its pres5t size x 0 remov$4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahfj1 x 0 tak5 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,naval ,academy at ,annapolis1 :]e x /&s to-day4 ,! *ief motif ( ! monum5t is an arti/ically design$1 simple ,doric column1 surm\nt$ by an eagle4 ,x 0 procur$ ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,admiral ,port]1 :o commission$ a not$ ,italian sculptor ( ! "t1 ,micali1 ( ,leghorn1 to execute ! monum5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tripoli ,,column1 ,,at ,,annapolis1 ,,md4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,?is /atue is by ,horatio ,gre5\gh1 :o1 born 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahje1 0 a not$ ,am]ican sculptor ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,republic4 ,he 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican delib]ately to *oose sculpture z a pr(ession & to g abroad = s]i\s /udy4 ,he became absorb$ ) art z he saw x 9 ,italy1 & ^? :o h se5 ! massive ,roman /atu>y ( ! ,f>nese collection at ,naples1 9 addition to ! priceless collections ( /atu>y ( classical times at ,rome & ,flor5ce1 c make due all[ance = ! conception ( ! pond]\s figure ( ,george ,wa%+ton by ,gre5\gh :5 he 0 commission$ by ,congress 9 #ahcb to execute ! /atue4 ,he 0 at "w on ! /atue = eight ye>s1 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! classical revival 9 ?is c\ntry1 m>k$ by ! con/ruction ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ! old ,po/ ,(fice1 & ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+s4 ,! /atue is #ab feet high1 & ( ,c>r>a m>ble4 ,x co/ #dd1jjj4 ,aft] _m p]ils by sea & l&1 x rea*$ ?is city 9 #ahdc4 ,at ! ,capitol x 0 f\nd t ! doors 7 n l>ge en\gh to p]mit its passage1 & !y 7 tempor>ily wid5$ to admit ! /atue1 :]e x 0 giv5 a place 9 ! ,rotunda1 b its imm5se weight 0 too heavy = ! floor1 & x 0 transf]r$ to ! plaza 9 front ( & fac+ ! ,capitol4 ,x rema9$ !re = ov] half a c5tury1 & 9 #aijh 0 remov$ to ! ,national ,museum4 ,?is /atue ( ,wa%+ton 9 ,roman toga1 seat$ 9 a curule *air1 0 (t5 ridicul$4 ,"o wrote t ,wa%+ton 0 suppos$ to be say+1 z he po9t$ 9 two directions1 8,my body is at ,m\nt ,v]non1 my clo!s are 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice40 ,nev]!less1 ! /atue _h its fri5ds4 ,9 #ahda ,edw>d ,ev]ett wrote ( x1 8,i reg>d ,gre5\gh's ,wa%+ton z "o ( ! greate/ works ( sculpture ( mod]n times40 ,x is an art treasure ( ! pa/1 & z su* is rightly *]i%$ to-day4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g54 ,,&rew ,,jackson ,?is /atue 9 ,lafayette ,squ>e1 nor? ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 is ! fir/ eque/rian /atue ca/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is ! "w ( ,cl>k ,mills1 sculptor1 :o1 :ile he 0 9 ! ,s\? prep>+ to g abroad1 0 p]suad$ to come to ,wa%+ton & submit to ,memb]s ( ,congress sket*es ( an eque/rian /atue4 ,!y 7 s highly pleas$ ) !m t ,mills 0 commission$ to produce ! /atue1 & to d ?is he built a f\ndry 9 nor!a/ ,wa%+ton at a place n[ call$ ,mills ,av5ue4 ,! co/ ( ! /atue 0 #cb1jjj4 ,congress appropriat$ #bj1jjj & ! ,jackson ,democratic ,association ( ,wa%+ton ! balance4 ,congress also appropriat$ #h1jjj = ! p$e/al4 ,! /atue 0 unveil$ ,janu>y #h1 #ahec1 ! ?irty-eigh? anniv]s>y ( ,jackson's victory at ,new ,orleans4 ,/eph5 ,a4 ,d\glas1 !n a ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator1 deliv]$ ! oration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,george ,,wa%+ton ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g54 ,,&rew ,,jackson ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,adams ,,memorial ,repeat$ attempts h be5 made 9 ! pa/ #be ye>s to relocate ! /atue1 b )\t success4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t x be plac$ at ! nor? /eps ( ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+4 ,"s ye>s ago ! sugge/ion 0 made to h ! /atue ex*ange places ) ! ,g5]al ,wa%+ton ,/atue 9 ,wa%+ton ,circle4 ,x met ) /rong objection4 ,to relocate ! /atue w\ld require an act ( ,congress4 ,h[ev]1 ! /atue is reg>d$ a l&m>k 9 ! city1 &1 z h]et(ore /at$1 x is ! fir/ eque/rian /atue ca/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 hav+ ?us add$ hi/oric int]e/4 ,,adams ,,memorial ,! ,adams ,memorial1 a veil$ female figure 9 bronze1 by ,sa9t-,gaud5s1 9 ,rock ,creek ,cemet]y1 0 erect$ 9 #ahia4 ,"u ! c>pet ( p9e ne$les ! bodies ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,adams are buri$4 ,!re is no inscription2 n ev5 a date on ! ar*itectural features1 design$ by ,/an=d ,:ite4 ,?ick plant+ ( p9es & %rubs completely secludes ! monum5t4 ,fri5ds ( ! sculptor deplore ! fact t ?is1 8 ma/]piece1 has come to be kn[n z ! ,/atue ( ,grief1 z su* a title is :olly at v>iance ) ! arti/'s conception4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a monum5t )\t a "n1 ?\gh ! arti/ pref]r$ ! title1 8,! ,peace ( ,god40 ,! sculptor endeavor$ to comprise 9 ! figure ! ?\ght ( ! philosophy ( ! ages--! great my/]y ( ! human race & ( hi/ory--t be+ call$ man & 8 de/9y4 ,x is a _w-fam\s monum5t1 & ea* ye> ?\s&s ( visitors to ! ,national ,capital gladly travel ! #d miles directly nor? ( ! ,capitol to see x4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g5]al ,,lafayette ,! /atue ( ,g5]al ,lafayette is situat$ on ! s\!a/ corn] ( ,lafayette ,squ>e4 ,x is a h]oic bronze /atue by ,alex&] ,falgui]e & ,anto9e ,m]cie1 not$ ,fr5* sculptors4 ,! /atue /&s on a m>ble p$e/al1 on ! nor? side ( :i* are two *]ubs hold+ up ! inscription3 ,,by ,,! ,,congress ,,9 ,,commemoration ,,( ,,! ,,s]vices ,,r5d]$ ,,by ,,g5]al ,,lafayette ,,& ,,8 ,,compatriots ,,dur+ ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,= ,,! ,,indep5d5ce ,,( ,,am]ica ,congress appropriat$ #ej1jjj = ! /atue & p$e/al1 & x 0 complet$ 9 ,april1 #ahia4 ,x is #de feet high4 ,on ! ea/ side are two h]oic ,fr5* naval figures1 ,comte d',e/a+ 7nor?7 & ,comte de ,grasse 7s\?71 & an an*or4 ,on ! we/ side are two h]oic ,fr5* ,army (fic]s :o s]v$ dur+ ! ,revolution1 ,comte de ,ro*ambeau 7s\?7 & ,*evali] ,duportail 7nor?71 & a mort>4 ,on ! s\? side ( ! p$e/al is a figure symboliz+ ,am]ica1 lift+ up a sword to ,g5]al ,lafayette1 ) ! inscription3 ,,to ,,g5]al ,,lafayette ,,& ,,8 ,,compatriots1 #aggg-aghc ,!re 7 no c]emonies ( d$ication1 b ! /atue is annually ! sc5e ( c]emonies1 includ+ ! pres5tation ( a wrea? by "s patriotic organization1 su* z ! ,sons ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 on ,lafayette's ,bir?day1 ,septemb] #f4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,alex&] ,r4 ,,%eph]d ,! /atue /&+ 9 front ( ! ,di/rict ,build+1 at ,f\rte5? ,/reet & ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue ,,nw41 0 unveil$ ,may #c1 #aiji4 ,! co/ ( its erection1 #aj1aib4fg1 0 defray$ by public subscription 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! /atue is ! "w ( ,u4 ,s4 ,j4 ,dunb>1 sculptor4 ,x p]petuates ! memory ( a man :o 9 ! face ( great opposition accompli%$ wond]s = ! ,national ,capital4 ,mr4 ,%eph]d1 = ! ye>s #ahgc & #ahgd1 0 ,gov]nor ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & previ\s to t _h be5 vice presid5t & executive (fic] ( ! bo>d ( public works1 :i* inaugurat$ a program = municipal improvem5t t l$ to ! trans=mation ( ! city 9 t day1 z has be5 h]et(ore describ$4 ,driv5 f ! city1 he w5t to ,mexico & accumulat$ a =tune1 return+ lat] to ,wa%+ton4 ,8 tomb is 9 ,rock ,creek ,cemet]y1 n f> f ! fam\s ,adams ,memorial4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,h5ry ,,wadswor? ,,longfell[ ,?is bronze /atue is situat$ at ! int]section ( ,eighte5? ,/reet & ,connecticut ,av5ue1 at ,m ,/reet ,,nw41 9 "o ( ! _m triangul> res]vations t are s num]\s 9 ,wa%+ton & :i*1 9 addition to furni%+ sites = monum5ts1 help to make ! city s attractive4 ,x 0 pres5t$ to ! ,national ,capital by ! ,longfell[ ,memorial ,association & unveil$ ,may #ae1 #aiji4 ,congress appropriat$ #d1jjj = ! p$e/al & furni%$ ! site4 ,! p$e/al is ( ,mil=d p9k granite1 poli%$4 ,! /atue is ! "w ( ,william ,c\p]1 sculptor4 ,longfell[1 9 academic g[n1 is seat$4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,john ,,)]spoon ,?is /atue /&s 9 front ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,cov5ant1 on ,connecticut ,av5ue1 ne> t ( ,longfell[4 ,congress provid$ ! site & p$e/al at a co/ ( #d1jjj4 ,x is ! "w ( ,william ,c\p]1 sculptor4 ,x 0 pres5t$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,)]spoon ,memorial ,association1 & unveil$ ,may #bj1 #aiji4 ,john ,)]spoon 0 a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman1 at "o "t presid5t ( :at is n[ ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity1 & "o ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! only cl]gyman among ! sign]s ( t fam\s docum5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g5]al ,,lafayette ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,h5ry ,,wadswor? ,,longfell[ ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,john ,,)]spoon ,illu/ration3 ,,gr& ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,republic ,,memorial ,on ! nor? side ( ! p$e/al is a quotation f ,)]spoon1 made dur+ ! ,w> = ,indep5d5ce1 z foll[s3 ,,= ,,my ,,own ,,"p1 ,,( ,,prop]ty ,i ,,h ,,"s1 ,,( ,,reputation ,,m4 ,,t ,,reputation ,,is ,,/ak$1 ,,t ,,prop]ty ,,is ,,pl$g$ ,,on ,,! ,,issue ,,( ,,?is ,,conte/1 ,,& ,,al?\gh ,,^! ,,grey ,,hairs ,,mu/ ,,soon ,,desc5d ,,into ,,! ,,sepul*re1 ,i ,,w\ld ,,inf9itely ,,r ,,t ,,!y ,,desc5d ,,?i!r ,,by ,,! ,,h& ,,( ,,! ,,execution] ,,?an ,,des]t ,,at ,,?is ,,crisis ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,cause ,,( ,,my ,,c\ntry ,,memorial ,,( ,,! ,,gr& ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,republic ,,to ,,dr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl9 ,,/eph5son ,?is memorial 0 pres5t$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 9 commemoration ( ,dr4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,/eph5son1 organiz] & f\nd] ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 & /&s ne> ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue at ,sev5? ,/reet ,,nw4 ,! monum5t is a solid granite %aft1 9 =m a triangul> pyramid4 ,! bronze figures repres5t ?ree great pr9ciples4 ,frat]nity1 symboliz$ by a soldi] & a sailor1 is on ! we/ side4 ,ov] ! gr\p is ! inscription3 #ahfa-ahfe ,und]nea? is a bronze m$allion ( ,doctor ,/eph5son1 also ! badge ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 obv]se & rev]se be+ %[n1 & ! inscription3 ,,gr& ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,republic1 ,,organiz$ ,,at ,,decatur1 ,,ill9ois1 ,,april #f1 #ahff1 ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl9 ,,/eph5son1 ,m4 ,d4 ,on ! s\!a/ side ( ! %aft is a female figure repres5t+ ,loyalty1 hold+ a %ield & drawn sword1 & an inscription3 ,,:o ,,knew ,,no ,,glory ,,b ,,8 ,,c\ntry',s ,,good ,on ! nor!a/ side ,*>ity is repres5t$ by a woman protect+ a *ild1 ) ! inscription3 ,,! ,,greate/ ,,( ,,^! ,,is ,,*>ity ,! monum5t co/ #de1jjj1 ( :i* #aj1jjj 0 appropriat$ by ,congress = ! p$e/al1 by act ( ,m>* #d1 #aijg4 ,x is ! "w ( ,j4 ,massey ,rh9d1 sculptor4 ,! monum5t 0 unveil$ ,july #c1 #aiji1 dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,taft1 :o deliv]$ an address on ! occasion4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g54 ,,casimir ,,pulaski ,! ,pulaski monum5t1 complet$ 9 #aiaj1 & d$icat$ ,may #aa1 #aiaj1 ! same day z 0 ! ,kosciuszko monum5t1 is an eque/rian by ,kasimiriez ,*odz9ski1 sculptor1 & /&s on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 at ,?irte5? ,/reet ,,nw4 ,x co/ #ee1jjj1 :i* 0 appropriat$ by ,congress4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,g5]al ,,casimir ,,pulaski ,! monum5t repres5ts ,g5]al ,pulaski 9 8 milit>y uni=m seat$ on 8 horse 89 action40 ,! p$e/al1 :i* is #i feet high1 is by ,alb]t ,r4 ,ross1 ar*itect4 ,x re/s on a l>ge plat=m1 measur+ #bj by #af feet4 ,! eque/rian1 ) its p$e/al1 is "o ( ! be/ 9 ! city4 ,,z]o ,,mile/one ,! ,z]o ,mile/one takes ! place ( ! it9]>y column plann$ by ,l',enfant = a place #a mile ea/ ( ! ,capitol1 8f :i* all di/ances ( places ?r\gh ! cont95t 7 to be calculat$40 ,t column nev] 0 built4 ,! ,z]o ,mile/one is imm$iately s\? ( ! ,:ite ,h\se gr\nds4 ,x is a block ( granite #d feet high ) a bronze compass design on top1 & /&s on ! m]idian ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! monum5t %[s on ! /reet side ! designation ,z]o ,mile/one1 ) ! insignia ( ! ,motor ,transport ,corps1 ,u4 ,s4 ,army4 ,! inscriptions on ! o!r ?ree sides %[ t x con/itutes a po9t f :i* di/ances may be measur$ on highways ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates radiat+ f ,wa%+ton1 & t x 0 ! />t+ po9t ( ! transcont95tal motor-transport convoys ov] ! ,l9coln & ! ,bankhead ,highways 9 #aiai & #aibj1 respectively4 ,! monum5t 0 au?oriz$ by act ( ,congress approv$ ,june #e1 #aibj4 ,x 0 design$ by ,horace ,w4 ,peaslee1 ar*itect1 ( ,wa%+ton4 ,,dupont ,,memorial ,! ,dupont ,memorial ,f\nta91 at ,dupont ,circle1 0 design$ by ,daniel ,*e/] ,fr5*1 sculptor1 & ,h5ry ,bacon1 ar*itect4 ,! f\nta9 0 d$icat$ on ,may #ag1 #aiba1 & co/ #ajj1jjj4 ,x replaces a portrait /atue ( ,admiral ,dupont4 ,! top b[l1 9 "o piece1 is #ac feet 9 diamet]4 ,!re are ?ree figures on ! support+ column ( ! f\nta91 repres5t+ ,! ,sea1 ,! ,w9d1 & ,! ,/>s4 ,! picture us$ 9 ?is book %[s ! figure typify+ ,! ,sea4 ,! f\nta9 is ( ,georgia m>ble4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,jeanne ,d',,arc ,?is /atue1 a copy ( ! celebrat$ ,paul ,dubois /atue1 "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( mod]n art /&+ 9 front ( ,rheims ,ca!dral1 is situat$ on ! gr& t]race ( ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k4 ,! /atue is n l>ge1 measur+ 9 l5g? #aj feet & 9 height #i feet4 ,! p$e/al is ab\t #f feet high4 ,! ca/+ 0 done "u ! direction ( ! ,m9i/re des ,beaux ,arts1 9 ,p>is4 ,! p$e/al 0 design$ by ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ar*itects1 ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,jeanne ,d',,arc ,illu/ration3 ,,dupont ,,memorial ,,f\nta9 ,illu/ration3 ,,z]o ,,mile/one ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,dante ,illu/ration3 ,,g54 ,u4 ,s4 ,,grant ,,memorial ,congress au?oriz$ ! erection ( ! /atue on public gr\nds 9 ! ,national ,capital1 & ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts advis$ 9 ! matt] ( location & design ( ! p$e/al4 ,9 ,may1 #aiaf1 ! commission receiv$ a communication f ,mme4 ,c>lo ,polifeme1 ,presid5t ,fondatrice1 ,le ,lyceum ,socit des ,femmes de ,france ,new ,york1 to ?is effect3 ,le ,lyceum ,socit des ,femmes de ,france ,new ,york1 9 a _s ( patriotism1 nurtur$ by exile1 inspir$ ) a deep s5se ( ! fri5d%ip t b9ds our two si/] ,republics1 animat$ by a sympa?y born ( clos] & clos] relations1 8,le ,lyceum0 int5ds to p]petuate ^! s5tim5ts by erect+1 9 _! new home1 a monum5t to ,jeanne d',arc1 emblem ( ,patriotism1 emblem ( ,love & ,peace4 ,! /atue ( our ,fr5* h]o9e w be built to ! glory ( womanhood1 d$icat$ by ! wom5 ( ,france 9 ,new ,york to ! wom5 ( ,am]ica1 & (f]$ to ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,presid5t & 8 excell5cy ! ,fr5* ambassador att5d$ ! unveil+1 :i* took place on ,janu>y #f1 #aibb1 ! five hundr$ & t5? anniv]s>y ( ! bir? ( ,jeanne d',arc4 ,! life ( ,jeanne d',arc has be5 eulogiz$ by ! greate/ ( writ]s1 & to-day %e is rev]$ z "o ( ! _w's great lib]ators4 ,h] _s ( patriotism & devotion has ?rill$ ! ages4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,dante ,! /atue ( ,dante1 /&+ 9 ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k1 0 giv5 to ! ,national ,capital by ,*evali] ,c>lo ,b>sotti1 editor ( ,il ,progresso ,italo-,am]icano1 9 behalf ( ! ,italians ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 commemoration ( ! six hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! dea? ( ,dante ,alighi]i1 & unveil$ on ,decemb] #a1 #aiba4 ,x is 9 bronze1 #ab feet high1 & is ! "w ( ,comm5datore ,ettore ,xim5es1 sculptor1 ( ,rome4 ,! arti/ has repres5t$ ,dante 9 ! g[n ( a s*ol> & cr[n$ ) a laurel wrea?4 ,! /atue receiv$ an appropriate l&scape sett+ ^u ! completion ( ! l[] g>d5 ( ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k4 ,,g54 ,u4 ,s4 ,,grant ,,memorial ,! ,grant ,memorial1 situat$ at ! head ( ! ,mall1 9 ,union ,squ>e1 ne> ! ,capitol1 0 au?oriz$ by ,congress 9 #aija1 at a co/ ( #bej1jjj1 ! l>ge/ exp5diture = /atu>y ev] made by ?is ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is said to be ! second l>ge/ eque/rian /atue 9 ! _w1 be+ exce$$ only by ! ,victor ,emmanuel 9 ,rome1 :i* is less ?an "o-half foot high]4 ,! monum5t consi/s ( a m>ble plat=m #beb feet 9 l5g? & #fi feet at its greate/ wid?1 ) /eps on ea* side4 ,9 ! c5t] is a p$e/al #bb feet #f in*es high1 on ! top ( :i* is a monum5tal bronze figure ( ,g5]al ,grant on horseback wat*+ a battle4 ,! horse is #ag feet #f in*es high1 two & "o-half times life-size2 ! monum5t is ne>ly #dj feet high4 ,! top ( ,g5]al ,grant's army hat is #fe feet above ! plat=m4 ,! weight ( ! /atue is #aj1ejj p\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g54 ,u4 ,s4 ,,grant ,,memorial--,,cavalry ,,gr\p ,illu/ration3 ,,g54 ,u4 ,s4 ,,grant ,,memorial--,,artill]y ,,gr\p ,illu/ration3 ,,g54 ,u4 ,s4 ,,grant ,,memorial ,! infantry is repres5t$ by two bronze tablets at ea* side ( ! p$e/al4 ,on ! plat=m at ! "r a cavalry *>ge is 9 progress4 ,!re are sev5 horses 9 ! gr\p4 ,on ! plat=m at ! left a batt]y ( artill]y is go+ into action4 ,!re are five horses & f\r soldi]s 9 ?is gr\p4 ,9 ^! gr\ps ! sculptor has giv5 p>ticul> att5tion to portray+ ! army equipm5t ( ! p]iod4 ,f\r great bronze lions are at ea* corn] ( ! ma9 p$e/al1 gu>d+ ! flag4 ,= ! inscription ! memorial has ! s+le ^w 8,grant40 ,! monum5t 0 ca/ by ! ,roman ,bronze ,works1 ( ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 & 0 d$icat$ ,april #bg1 #aibb4 ,edw>d ,pe>ce ,casey 0 ! ar*itect4 ,! sculptor1 ,h5ry ,m]w9 ,%rady1 di$ on ,april #ab1 a few days be=e ! d$ication4 ,! monum5t repres5ts 8 mo/ notable "w4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,edmund ,,burke ,! /atue ( ! eloqu5t def5d] ( ! rights ( ! ,am]ican ,colonies 9 ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t is situat$ 9 a triangle at ! int]section ( ,massa*usetts ,av5ue & ,elev5? ,/reet ,,nw4 ,x is a copy ( ! /atue at ,bri/ol1 ,engl&1 :i* city ,burke repres5t$ 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,x 0 design$ by ! late ,hav>d ,?omas1 & is an excell5t example ( ! "w ( "o ( ! celebrat$ ,engli% sculptors ( rec5t times4 ,! /atue 0 giv5 by ,sir ,*>les ,*e]s ,wakefield1 ,b>t41 ?r\gh ! ,sulgrave ,in/itution4 ,! p$e/al 0 design$ by ,horace ,w4 ,peaslee1 ar*itect1 ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! /atue 0 unveil$ ,octob] #ab1 #aibb1 & accept$ on ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! late ,hon4 ,john ,w4 ,weeks1 ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,alex&] ,,hamilton ,?is /atue 9 bronze1 ab\t #i feet 9 height1 is on ! s\? /eps ( ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ,build+4 ,james ,e4 ,fras] is ! sculptor4 ,! p$e/al is ( p9k ,mil=d granite & 0 design$ by ,h5ry ,bacon1 ar*itect4 ,if ,alex&] ,hamilton1 :o 0 ! fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 wait$ = m ?an a c5tury to obta9 repres5tation 9 a capital 9 "p locat$ ?r\gh 8 sagacity & = ! build+ ( ! dep>tm5t 8 g5ius creat$1 at lea/ ! result 0 well wor? ! delay4 ,by common cons5t ! /&+ bronze figure ( ,hamilton1 dress$ 9 a typical colonial co/ume1 is notable = virility & *>m4 ,x 0 unveil$ ,may #ag1 #aibc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,edmund ,,burke ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,alex&] ,,hamilton ,,app5dix ,,/atues ,,& ,,monum5ts ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,"n & location ,sculptor & ,date ,co/ ar*itect ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,adams ,memorial1 ,rock,augu/us ,erect$ #ahia4;,gift ( ,h5ry ,creek ,cemet]y4 ,sa9t-,gaud5s4 ,adams1 hi/orian4 ,bi%op ,francis ,augu/us ,lukeman1 ,unveil$ ,oct4,gift to city4 ,asbury 7eque/rian71sculptor4 #ae1 #aibd4 #af? & ,h>v>d ,/s4 ,commodore ,john ,john ,j4 ,boyle1 ,unveil$ ,may ,act ( ,b>ry1 ,frankl9 ,sculptor4 #af1 #aiad4 ,congress1 ,p>k4 #ej1jjj4 ,william ,j5n+s ,gutzon ,borglum1 ,unveil$ ,may ,gift to city4 ,bryan1 ,potomac ,p>k4,sculptor4 #c1 #aicd4 ,bu*anan ,memorial1 ,h4 ,s*ul]1 ,unveil$ ,d4 ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k4 sculptor2 ,william ,june #bf1 ,gordon ,bee*]1 #aicj4 ar*itect4 ,edmund ,burke1 #ab? ,hav>d ,?omas1 ,unveil$ ,d4 ,/4 & sculptor2 ,horace ,w4,oct4 #ab1 ,massa*usetts ,ave4 ,peaslee1 ar*itect4#aibb4 ,butt-,millet ,memorial,daniel ,c4 ,fr5*1 ,erect$ #aiac4;,d4 ,f\nta91 s\? ( sculptor2 ,:ite ,h\se4 ,?omas ,ha/+s1 ar*itect4 ,colonial ,settl]s ,delos ,smi?1 ,april #be1 ,d4 ,monum5t1 ,ellipse1 ar*itect4 #aicf4 fac+ #ae? ,/reet4 ,columbus ,memorial ,lorado ,taft1 ,unveil$ ,act ( ,f\nta91 sculptor2 ,d4 ,h4 ,june #h1 #aiab4;,congress1 ,union ,/ation4 ,burnham ,co41 #ajj1jjj4 ar*itects4 ,cuban ,urn1 ,potomac ,f fragm5ts #aibh4 ,gift to city ,p>k4 ( ,ma9e ,memorial4 by ,cuba4 ,l\is ,j4 ,m4 ,jona?an ,s4 ,unveil$ ,aug4,gift to city4 ,dagu]re1 ,h>tley1 sculptor4 #ae1 #ahij4 ,smi?sonian gr\nds4 ,dante ,alighi]i1 ,c4 ,ettore ,xim5es1 ,unveil$ ,dec4,d4 ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k4 sculptor4 #a1 #aiba4 ,d>l+ton ,memorial ,c4 ,p4 ,j5newe91 #aibc4 ,d4 ,f\nta91 ,judici>y sculptor4 ,squ>e4 ,jane ,a4 ,delano ,r4 ,tait ,mc,kenzie1 ,unveil$ ,apr4,gift ( ,nurses ,memorial1 sculptor4 #bf1 #aicd4 ( ! ,r$ ,cross gr\nds4 ,r$ ,cross4 ,di/rict ( ,columbia,fr$]ick ,h4 ,novemb] #aa1 ,gift to city4 ,_w ,w> ,memorial4 ,brooke1 ,h4 ,w4 #aica4 ,peaslee1 & ,na?an ,wye?1 associat$4 ,dupont ,memorial ,d4 ,c4 ,fr5*1 ,unveil$ ,may ,d4 ,f\nta91 sculptor2 ,h5ry #ag1 #aiba4 ,dupont ,circle4 ,bacon1 ar*itect4 ,john ,ericsson1 ,james ,e4 ,fras]1 ,unveil$ ,may ,act ( ,potomac ,p>k4 sculptor4 #bi1 #aibf4 ,congress1 #ce1jjj2 "p gift ( ,sc&9avians4 ,admiral ,david ,v9nie ,ream ,hoxie1 ,unveil$ ,apr4,act ( ,f>ragut1 ,f>ragut sculptor4 #be1 #ahha4 ,congress1 ,squ>e4 #bj1jjj4 ,fir/ ,division ,d4 ,c4 ,fr5*1 ,unveil$ ,oct4,gift to city4 ,memorial1 sculptor2 ,cass #d1 #aibd4 ,presid5t's ,p>k4 ,gilb]t1 ar*itect4 ,f\nta91 ,botanic ,augu/e ,b>?oldi1 #ahgf4 ,br\ght f ,g>d5s4 sculptor4 ,c5t5nial ,exposition1 ,philadelphia4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,jacques ,j\v5al1 ,erect$ ,jan4 ,gift to city4 #aj? ,/4 & sculptor2 aft] #ag1 #ahhi4 ,p5nsylvania ,ave4 ,plassman4 ,gallaudet ,gr\p1 ,daniel ,*e/] ,erect$ #ahhi4;,gift ( ! ,columbia ,in/itute ,fr5*1 sculptor4 ,deaf4 = ,deaf ,mutes4 ,james ,a4 ,g>field1 ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,w>d1 ,unveil$ ,may ,congress1 ,fir/ ,/4 & sculptor4 #ab1 #ahhg4 #cg1ejj2 & 9 ,m>yl& ,ave4 "p gift4 ,james ,c>d9al ,leo ,l5telli1 ,erect$ #aicb4;,gift to city4 ,gibbons1 #af? ,/4 sculptor2 ,george & ,p>k ,rd4 ,koyl1 ar*itect4 ,samuel ,gomp]s & ,rob]t ,aitk51 ,d$icat$ ,d4 ,am]ican ,f$]ation sculptor4 ,oct4 #g1 #aicc4 ( ,labor ,memorial1 #aj? ,/4 & ,massa*usetts ,ave4 ,g5]al ,u4 ,s4 ,grant ,h5ry ,m4 ,%rady1 ,d$icat$ ,act ( ,memorial1 ,union sculptor2 ,edw>d ,p4,apr4 #bg1 ,congress1 ,squ>e4 ,casey1 ar*itect4 #aibb4 #bej1jjj4 ,g54 ,na?anael ,h4 ,k4 ,br[n1 ,erect$ #ahgg4;,act ( ,gre5e 7eque/rian71sculptor4 ,congress1 ,m>yl& & #ej1jjj4 ,massa*usetts ,aves4 ,,ne4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,gross1 ,a4 ,/irl+ ,cald]1,unveil$ ,may ,gift to city4 ,smi?sonian gr\nds4sculptor4 #e1 #ahig4 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,j4 ,massey ,rh9d1 ,unveil$ ,july,gift to city1 ,republic ,memorial1 sculptor2 ,rank91 #c1 #aiji4 #ce1jjj2 ,act ( #g? ,/4 & ,kellogg ,crane1 ,congress1 ,p5nsylvania ,ave4 ar*itects4 #aj1jjj = p$e/al4 ,hahnemann ,memorial1 ,*>les ,h5ry ,unveil$ ,june,gift to city4 ,scott ,circle4 ,niehaus1 sculptor4 #ba1 #aijj4 ,alex&] ,hamilton1 ,james ,e4 ,fras]1 ,unveil$ ,may ,d4 s\? /eps ( sculptor2 ,h5ry #ag1 #aibc4 ,treasury ,build+4 ,bacon1 ar*itect4 ,g54 ,w9field ,s4 ,h5ry ,j4 ,ellicott1 ,unveil$ ,may ,act ( ,hancock sculptor4 #ab1 #ahif4 ,congress1 7eque/rian71 #ej1jjj4 betwe5 #g? & #h? ,/s4 on ,p5nsylvania ,ave4 ,joseph ,h5ry1 ,w4 ,w4 ,/ory1 ,unveil$ ,apr4,act ( ,smi?sonian gr\nds4sculptor4 #ai1 #ahhb4 ,congress1 #ae1jjj4 ,g54 ,&rew ,jackson1,cl>k ,mills1 ,unveil$ ,jan4,act ( ,lafayette ,p>k sculptor4 #h1 #ahec4 ,congress1 7fir/ eque/rian 9 #cb1jjj2 "p ,u4 ,s474 gift4 ,jeanne d',arc4 ,paul ,dubois1 ,unveil$ ,jan4,gift to city4 sculptor4 #f1 #aibb4 ,?omas ,jeff]son ,john ,r4 ,pope1 ,"u ,act ( ,memorial1 s\? ( ar*itect4 con/ruction4,congress1 ,tidal ,bas94 #c1jjj1jjj4 ,admiral ,john ,paul ,*>les ,h4 ,niehaus1,unveil$ ,apr4,act ( ,jones1 foot ( #ag? sculptor2 ,?omas #ag1 #aiab4 ,congress1 ,/4 ,ha/+s1 #ej1jjj4 ar*itect4 ,g54 ,?addeus ,antoni ,popiel1 ,unveil$ ,may ,gift to city4 ,kosciuszko1 sculptor4 #aa1 #aiaj4 ,lafayette ,p>k4 ,g5]al ,lafayette1 ,alex&re ,falguire ,erect$ #ahia4;,act ( ,lafayette ,p>k4 & ,anto9e ,m]cie4 ,congress1 #ej1jjj4 ,l',enfant ,tomb1 ,welles ,boswor?1 ,d$icat$ ,gift ( ,arl+ton ,national ar*itect4 #aiji4 ,am]ican ,cemet]y4 ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects4 ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,lott ,flann]y1 ,unveil$ ,apr4,gift to city4 ,judici>y ,squ>e4 sculptor4 #ae1 #ahfh4 ,l9coln ! ,?omas ,ball1 ,unveil$ ,apr4,gift ( fre$ ,emancipator1 ,l9colnsculptor4 #ad1 #ahgf4 slaves to city4 ,p>k4 ,g5]al ,john ,a4 ,frankl9 ,simmons1 ,d$icat$ ,act ( ,logan 7eque/rian71 sculptor4 ,apr4 #i1 #aija4;,congress1 #ac? ,/4 & ,rhode #ej1jjj2 "p ,isl& ,ave4 gift4 ,h5ry ,w4 ,longfell[1,william ,c\p]1 ,unveil$ ,may ,gift to city2 ,connecticut ,ave4 &sculptor4 #ae1 #aiji4 p$e/al by ,m ,/4 ,congress4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ,replica ( figure ,erect$ #ahhd4aj1jjj4 fac+ ,?omas by ,reits*el at ,circle4 ,worms4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,john ,w4 ,w4 ,/ory1 d4 ,gift to city4 ,m>%all1 ,capitol sculptor4 gr\nds4 ,g54 ,george ,b4 ,fr$]ick ,unveil$ ,may ,act ( ,mc,clellan ,mac,monnies1 #b1 #aijg4 ,congress1 7eque/rian71 sculptor4 #ej1jjj4 ,connecticut ,ave4 & ,columbia ,rd4 ,mc,millan ,f\nta9 ,h]b]t ,adams1 ,erect$ #aiac4;,gift to city4 7,s5ator ,james71 sculptor2 ,*>les ,mc,millan ,p>k4 ,a4 ,platt1 ar*itect4 ,g54 ,james ,b4 ,l\is ,t4 ,rebisso1 ,d$icat$ ,act ( ,mc,pherson sculptor4 ,oct4 #ah1 ,congress1 7eque/rian71 #ahgf4 #be1jjj2 "p ,mc,pherson ,squ>e4 gift to city4 ,g54 ,george ,g4 ,*>les ,grafly1 ,d$icat$ ,gift to city by ,meade1 ,union ,squ>e4sculptor2 ,simon ,oct4 #ai1 ,/ate ( ,simon1 ar*itects4 #aibg4 ,p5nsylvania2 7co/ #djj1jjj74 ,navy & ,m>9e ,begni del ,piatta1 ,erect$ #aice4;,gift to city2 ,memorial1 ,columbia sculptor2 ,h>vey ,w4 base by ! ,isl&4 ,corbett1 ar*itect4 ,gov]nm5t4 ,francis ,g4 ,newl&s ,edw>d ,w4 ,donn1 ,d$icat$ ,gift to city4 ,memorial ,f\nta91 ,jr41 ar*itect4 ,oct4 #ab1 ,*evy ,*ase ,circle4 #aicc4 ,nuns ( ! ,civil ,j]ome ,connor1 ,unveil$ ,d4 ,w> ,monum5t1 ,rhode sculptor4 ,sept4 #bj1 ,isl& ,ave4 & ,m #aibd4 ,/4 ,peace ,monum5t1 #a/ ,frankl9 ,simmons1 ,d$icat$ ,act ( ,/4 & ,p5nsylvaniasculptor2 ,edw>d #ahgg4 ,congress1 ,ave4 ,cl>k1 ar*itect4 #bj1jjj2 "p gift to city4 ,alb]t ,pike1 #c;d ,/4 ,g4 ,tr5tanove1 ,unveil$ ,oct4,gift to city4 & ,indiana ,ave4 sculptor4 #bc1 #aija4 ,g54 ,casimir ,pulaski,k4 ,*odz9ski1 ,d$icat$ ,may,act ( 7eque/rian71 #ac? sculptor2 ,alb]t ,r4#aa1 #aiaj4 ,congress1 ,/4 & ,p5nsylvania,ross1 ar*itect4 #ee1jjj4 ,ave4 ,g54 ,john ,a4 ,joseph ,a4 ,bailey1 ,erect$ #ahgd4;,act ( ,rawl9s1 #ah? ,/4 sculptor4 ,congress1 & ,new ,york ,ave4 #ac1jjj4 ,g5]al ,ro*ambeau1 ,f4 ,ham>1 ( ,p>is1,unveil$ ,may ,act ( ,lafayette ,p>k4 sculptor4 #bd1 #aijb4 ,congress1 #bb1ejj4 ,!odore ,roosevelt ,f4 ,l4 ,olm/$1 ,isl& ,gift to city4 ,memorial1 ,!odore l&scape 7=m]ly ,act ( ,may #ba1 ,roosevelt ,isl&4 ar*itect2 ,john ,r4 ,analo/an7 #aicb4 ,pope1 ar*itect4 acquir$ #aica4 ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 ,naval,rol& ,h9ton ,gift to city4 ,m$ical ,s*ool4 ,p]ry1 sculptor4 ,g54 ,san ,m>t9 ,replica ( "o by ,d$icat$ ,d4 7eque/rian71 ,dumont at ,bu5os ,oct4 #bh1 ,judici>y ,squ>e4 ,aires4 #aibe4 ,g5]al ,w9field ,h5ry ,k4 ,br[n1 ,erect$ #ahgd4;,act ( ,scott 7eque/rian71 sculptor4 ,congress1 ,scott ,circle4 #gg1jjj4 ,g5]al ,w9field ,launt ,?ompson1 ,erect$ #ahgc4;,gift to city4 ,scott1 ,soldi]s' sculptor4 ,home gr\nds4 ,second ,division ,john ,r4 ,pope1 ,d$icat$ ,d4 ,memorial1 ar*itect2 ,james ,e4,july #ah1 ,presid5t's ,p>k1 ,fras]1 sculptor4 #aicf4 fac+ ,con/itution ,av5ue4 ,s]5ity ,/atue1 ,jose ,cl>a1 ,erect$ #aibd4;,d4 ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k4 sculptor4 ,alex&] ,r4 ,u4 ,s4 ,j4 ,dunb>1 ,unveil$ ,may ,d4 ,%eph]d1 #ad? ,/4 sculptor4 #c1 #aiji4 & ,p5nsylvania ,ave4 ,g54 ,philip ,%]idan,gutzon ,borglum1 ,unveil$ ,nov4,act ( 7eque/rian71 sculptor4 #be1 #aijh4 ,congress1 ,%]idan ,circle4 #ej1jjj4 ,g54 ,william ,t4 ,c>l ,rohl ,smi?1 ,unveil$ ,oct4,"p gift1 ,%]man sculptor1 & #ae1 #aijc4 #aa1jjj2 acts 7eque/rian71 s\? sev]al o!rs4 ( ,congress1 ( ,treasury #abj1jjj4 ,build+4 ,g54 ,george ,h4 ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,w>d1 ,d$icat$ ,act ( ,?omas 7eque/rian71sculptor4 ,nov4 #ai1 ,congress1 ,?omas ,circle4 #ahgi4 #be1jjj2 "p gift to city4 ,titanic ,memorial1 ,mrs4 ,h>ry ,payne ,unveil$ ,may ,gift to city4 foot ( ,new ,:itney1 sculptor2 #bf1 #aica4 ,hamp%ire ,ave4 ,h5ry ,bacon1 ar*itect4 ,g5]al ,von ,/eub51,alb]t ,jaeg]s1 ,unveil$ ,dec4,act ( ,lafayette ,p>k4 sculptor4 #g1 #aiaj4 ,congress1 #ej1jjj4 ,g54 ,artemas ,w>d1 ,leon>d ,crunelle1 ,d$icat$ ,gift to city4 ,nebraska & sculptor4 ,nov4 #c1 #aich4 ,massa*usetts ,aves4 ,g54 ,george ,cl>k ,mills1 ,unveil$ ,feb4,act ( ,wa%+ton sculptor4 #bb1 #ahfj4 ,congress1 7eque/rian71 #ej1jjj4 ,wa%+ton ,circle4 ,wa%+ton ,monum5t4,rob]t ,mills1 ,d$icat$ ,act ( ,congress ar*itect4 ,feb4 #ba1 & "p gift #ahhe4 to city4 ,daniel ,web/]1 ne>,g4 ,tr5tanove1 ,unveil$ ,jan4,act ( ,scott ,circle4 sculptor4 #ah1 #aijj4 ,congress1 #d1jjj2 "p gift to city4 ,john ,)]spoon1 ,wm4 ,c\p]1 ,unveil$ ,may ,gift to city2 ,connecticut ,ave4 at sculptor4 #bj1 #aiji4 p$e/al by ,n ,/4 ,congress4 ,z]o ,mile/one4 ,h4 ,w4 ,peaslee1 ,erect$ #aibb4;,act ( ar*itect4 ,congress4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,bibliographical ,,li/ ,,( ,,books ,,on ,,wa%+ton ,,! ,,national ,,capital ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,description 7,by c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress7 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,national ,capital1 by ,w4 ,b4 ,bryan4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capitol1 by ,gl5n ,br[n4 ,wa%+ton 9 ! ,pa/1 by ,dr4 ,s4 ,c4 ,busey4 ,national ,capital ,c5t5nial1 #aijj1 compil$ by ,william ,v4 ,cox4 ,) ,am]icans ( ,pa/ & ,pres5t ,days1 by ,j4 ,j4 ,juss]&4 ,hi/orical ,sket*es ( ! ,t5 ,miles ,squ>e1 =m+ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 by ,jona?an ,elliott1 #ahcj4 ,! ,improvem5t ( ! ,p>k ,sy/em ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 7,s4 ,rept4 ,no4 #aff1 #eg? ,cong41 #a/ sess41 #aijb47 ,p>k ,improvem5t ,pap]s1 #aija4 7,s4 ,doc4 ,no4 #id1 #ef? ,cong41 #b;d sess47 ,! ,improvem5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 pap]s by ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects1 #aijj4 ,! ,re/oration ( ! ,:ite ,h\se4 7,s4 ,doc4 ,no4 #aig1 #eg? ,cong41 #b;d sess41 #aijc47 ,! ,reports ( ! ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,nos4 #a to #ab1 inclusive4 ,daniel ,h4 ,burnham1 ,ar*itect & ,plann] ( ,cities1 by ,*>les ,moore4 ,public ,build+s ,commission ,reports4 ,reports ( ! ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission4 ,reports ( ! ,columbia ,hi/orical ,society4 ,c5t5nial ,hi/ory ( ! ,city ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 by ,h4 ,w4 ,crew4 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,city & ! ,seat ( ,gov]nm5t1 by ,*>les ,h4 ,a4 ,=bes-,l9dsay4 ,! ,capital ( ,our ,c\ntry1 by ! ,national ,geographic ,society4 ,our ,capital on ! ,potomac1 by ,hel5 ,nicolay4 ,orig9 & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 by ,william ,t9dall4 ,wa%+ton3 ,its ,beg9n+1 ,its ,gr[?1 & ,its ,future1 by ,william ,h4 ,taft4 ,publi%$ by ! ,national ,geographic ,society4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 by ,*>les ,moore4 ,art & ,arti/s ( ! ,capitol1 by ,*>les ,e4 ,fairman4 7,s4 ,doc4 ,no4 #ie1 #fi? ,cong47 ,y\r ,wa%+ton & ,m9e1 by ,l\ise ,payson ,latim]4 ,walks ,ab\t ,wa%+ton1 by ,francis ,ell+ton ,leupp4 ,wa%+ton1 ,its ,sights & ,insights1 by ,mrs4 ,h>riet ,e4 ,monroe4 ,e>ly ,days ( ,wa%+ton1 by ,s4 ,som]vell ,mackall4 ,wa%+ton & ,its ,romance1 by ,?omas ,n4 ,page4 ,r&-,mc,nally ,guide to ,wa%+ton & ,environs4 ,! ,/&>d ,guide to ,wa%+ton1 by ,*>les ,b4 ,reynolds4 ,rid]'s ,wa%+ton1 by ,ar?ur ,f4 ,rid]4 ,! ,book ( ,wa%+ton1 by ,rob]t ,%ackleton4 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,national ,capital1 by ,h4 ,p4 ,caemm]]4 ,pictures ( ! ,city ( ,wa%+ton 9 ! ,pa/1 by ,dr4 ,samuel ,c4 ,busey4 ,! ,fir/ ,=ty ,ye>s ( ,wa%+ton ,society1 by ,m>g>et ,bay>d ,smi?4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 by ,e/h] ,s+leton4 ,! ,art ,treasures ( ,wa%+ton1 by ,hel5 ,w4 ,h5d]son4 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,capital ,city1 & ,its ,"p 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,nation4 ,developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capital4 ,addresses deliv]$ 9 ! auditorium ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce ,build+1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,april #be-bf1 #aibi4 7,h4 ,doc4 ,no4 #ce1 #ga/ ,cong47 ,wa%+ton1 ,city ( ,mighty ,ev5ts1 by ,david ,r4 ,b>bee4 ,t]ritorial ,gov]nm5t ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 by ,col4 ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant ,,iii4 ,l',enfant & ,wa%+ton1 by ,elizabe? ,s4 ,kite4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 by ,john ,c4 ,proctor4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ! ,nation's ,capital1 a book = "y p1 by ,frances ,m4 ,fox4 ,approa*+ ,wa%+ton by ,tidewat] ,potomac1 by ,paul ,wil/a*4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,committee on ,m>k+ ,po9ts ( ,hi/oric ,int]e/1 #aibi4 7,s4 ,doc4 ,no4 #bbh1 #gj? ,cong41 #b;d sess47 ,society 9 ,wa%+ton1 by ,de,benneville ,r4 ,keim4 ,lett]s f a ,s5ator's ,wife1 by ,mrs4 ,frances ,p4 ,keyes4 ,our ,national ,gov]nm5t2 or1 ,life & ,sc5es 9 our ,national ,capital1 by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,a4 ,logan4 ,picturesque ,wa%+ton3 ,p5 & ,p5cil ,sket*es ( ,its ,sc5]y1 ,hi/ory1 ,traditions1 ,public & ,social ,life1 by ,joseph ,we/ ,moore4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,sket* ,book1 by ,joseph ,b4 ,v>num4 ,wa%+ton3 ,city & ,capital4 ,f$]al ,writ]s' ,project4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #aicg4 ,records ( ! ,columbia ,hi/orical ,society4 ,,presid5ts ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,*ief ,,magi/rates ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,capital #a4 ,,george ,,wa%+ton1 ,april #cj1 #aghi1 to ,m>* #c1 #agig4 #b4 ,,john ,,adams1 ,m>* #d1 #agig1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahja4 #c4 ,,?omas ,,jeff]son1 ,m>* #d1 #ahja1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahji4 #d4 ,,james ,,madison1 ,m>* #d1 #ahji1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahag4 #e4 ,,james ,,monroe1 ,m>* #d1 #ahag1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahbe4 #f4 ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams1 ,m>* #d1 #ahbe1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahbi4 #g4 ,,&rew ,,jackson1 ,m>* #d1 #ahbi1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahcg4 #h4 ,,m>t9 ,,van ,,bur51 ,m>* #d1 #ahcg1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahda4 #i4 ,,william ,,h5ry ,,h>rison1 ,m>* #d1 #ahda1 to ,april #d1 #ahda4 #aj4 ,,john ,,tyl]1 ,april #f1 #ahda1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahde4 #aa4 ,,james ,k4 ,,polk1 ,m>* #d1 #ahde1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahdi4 #ab4 ,,za*>y ,,taylor1 ,m>* #e1 #ahdi1 to ,july #i1 #ahej4 #ac4 ,,mill>d ,,fillmore1 ,july #aj1 #ahej1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahec4 #ad4 ,,frankl9 ,,pi]ce1 ,m>* #d1 #ahec1 to ,m>* #c1 #aheg4 #ae4 ,,james ,,bu*anan1 ,m>* #d1 #aheg1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahfa4 #af4 ,,abraham ,,l9coln1 ,m>* #d1 #ahfa1 to ,april #ae1 #ahfe4 #ag4 ,,&rew ,,johnson1 ,april #ae1 #ahfe1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahfi4 #ah4 ,,ulysses ,s4 ,,grant1 ,m>* #d1 #ahfi1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahgg4 #ai4 ,,ru!r=d ,b4 ,,hayes1 ,m>* #d1 #ahgg1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahha4 #bj4 ,,james ,a4 ,,g>field1 ,m>* #d1 #ahha1 to ,septemb] #ai1 #ahha4 #ba4 ,,*e/] ,a4 ,,ar?ur1 ,septemb] #bj1 #ahha1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahhe4 #bb4 ,,grov] ,,clevel&1 ,m>* #d1 #ahhe1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahhi4 #bc4 ,,b5jam9 ,,h>rison1 ,m>* #d1 #ahhi1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahic4 #bd4 ,,grov] ,,clevel&1 ,m>* #d1 #ahic1 to ,m>* #c1 #ahig4 #be4 ,,william ,,mck9ley1 ,m>* #d1 #ahig1 to ,septemb] #ad1 #aija4 #bf4 ,,!odore ,,roosevelt1 ,septemb] #ad1 #aija1 to ,m>* #c1 #aiji4 #bg4 ,,william ,h4 ,,taft1 ,m>* #d1 #aiji1 to ,m>* #c1 #aiac4 #bh4 ,,woodr[ ,,wilson1 ,m>* #d1 #aiac1 to ,m>* #c1 #aiba4 #bi4 ,,w>r5 ,g4 ,,h>d+1 ,m>* #d1 #aiba1 to ,augu/ #b1 #aibc4 #cj4 ,,calv9 ,,coolidge1 ,augu/ #c1 #aibc1 to ,m>* #c1 #aibi4 #ca4 ,,h]b]t ,,hoov]1 ,m>* #d1 #aibi1 to ,m>* #c1 #aicc4 #cb4 ,,frankl9 ,d4 ,,roosevelt1 ,m>* #d1 #aicc- ,,quotations ,,f ,,great ,,am]icans ,,on ,,wa%+ton1 ,,! ,,national ,,capital 8,i mo/ e>ne/ly hope t 9 ! ,national ,capital a bett] beg9n+ w be made ?an any:]e else2 & t c be made only by utiliz+ to ! fulle/ degree ! ?\ght & ! dis9t]e/$ ef=ts ( ! ar*itects1 ! arti/s1 ! m5 ( art1 :o /& =emo/ 9 _! pr(essions "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & :o ask no o!r rew>d save ! rew>d ( feel+ t !y h done _! full "p to make z beautiful z x %\ld be ! ,capital ,city ( ! ,great ,republic40 ,,!odore ,,roosevelt4 8,if ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 at a "t :5 8 c\ntry 0 a little hemm$-9 nation1 boa/+ b a s+le seabo>d1 ) a population ( only five million1 & ) cr$it s bad t lot sales1 lott]ies1 & borr[+ ^u ! p]sonal security ( individuals _h to be resort$ to 9 ord] to f9ance ! new capital1 c\ld look to ! future & und]/& t x 0 8 duty to build = ! c5turies to come & = a great nation1 h[ mu* m %\ld we d s n[80 ,,william ,h4 ,,taft4 ,x is h]eby ord]$ t :5ev] new /ructures are to be erect$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia "u ! direction ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t :i* affect 9 any important way ! appe>ance ( ! city1 or :5ev] que/ions involv+ matt]s ( art & ) :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t is conc]n$ are to be det]m9$1 f9al action %all n be tak5 until su* plans & que/ions h be5 submitt$ to ! ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts1 designat$ "u ! act ( ,congress ( ,may #ag1 #aiaj1 = comm5t & advice4 7,executive ord] ( ,novemb] #bh1 #aiac47 ,,woodr[ ,,wilson4 8,we are emb>k+ on an ambiti\s build+ program = ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,memorial ,bridge is "u way ) all t x holds = use & beauty4 ,new build+s are soon contemplat$4 ,?is program %\ld repres5t ! be/ t exi/s 9 ! art & sci5ce ( ar*itecture4 ,into ^! /ructures1 :i* mu/ be consid]$ z ( a p]man5t nature1 ought to g ! aspirations ( ! nation1 its ideals1 express$ 9 =ms ( beauty4 ,if our c\ntry wi%es to compete ) o!rs1 let x n be 9 ! support ( armam5ts b 9 ! mak+ ( a beautiful capital city4 ,let x express ! s\l ( ,am]ica4 ,:5ev] an ,am]ican is at ! seat ( 8 ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev] travel$ & cultur$ he may be1 he ought to f9d a city ( /ately proportions1 symmetrically laid out & adorn$ ) ! be/ t !re is 9 ar*itecture1 :i* w\ld ar\se 8 imag9ation & /ir 8 patriotic pride4 ,9 ! com+ ye>s ,wa%+ton %\ld be n only ! art c5t] ( our own c\ntry b ! art c5t] ( ! _w4 ,ar\nd x %\ld c5t] all t is be/ 9 sci5ce1 9 le>n+1 9 lett]s1 & 9 art4 ,^! are ! results t ju/ify ! creation ( ^? national res\rces ) :i* we h be5 favor$40 ,,calv9 ,,coolidge4 8,?is is m ?an ! mak+ ( a beautiful city4 ,wa%+ton is n only ! ,nation's ,capital1 x is ! symbol ( ,am]ica4 ,by its dignity & ar*itectural inspiration we /imulate pride 9 our c\ntry1 we enc\rage t elevation ( ?\ght & "* :i* comes f great ar*itecture40 ,,h]b]t ,,hoov]4 8,9 ! ,capital an example %\ld be set = ! c\ntry z a :ole 9 ! matt] ( plann+4 ,our national monum5ts w attract seek]s ( ! ideal 9 art4 ,m & m x w become ! t5d5cy to e/abli% ! headqu>t]s ( societies ( lit]ature & art 9 ,wa%+ton & to make beque/s ( collections to ! ,national ,capital4 ,already !re is a def9ite project to e/abli% "h 9 ,wa%+ton a national gall]y ( pa9t+4 ,?us ! ,capital may be =ese5 z an art c5t] respond+ to ! desire ( visitors f all ov] ! _w & satisfy+ t dem&4 ,! public build+s1 z f9ally locat$ & con/ruct$1 %\ld place ,wa%+ton 9 ! =efront ( ! ar*itecturally beautiful cities ( ! _w40 ,,&rew ,w4 ,,mellon4 8,! p ( ,am]ica are beg9n+ to see t x is n necess>y to be commonplace 9 ord] to h common s5se 99 99 994 ,!y wi% = !mselves 9 ! public build+s ( municipalities & ( ,/ates & ,nation to h ! be/ results ( "t & ! be/ atta9m5ts ( g5ius4 ,:at ! p desire1 _! repres5tatives 9 ,/ate legislature1 9 municipal body1 & 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates desire = !m4 ,! art ( our fa!rs1 ! art ( our private citiz5s1 is to be ! art ( our p & ( our :ole p40 ,,elihu ,,root4 8,a city plann$ on su* a noble scale z ,wa%+ton is r>e 9 ! _w4 ,x is almo/ unique4 ,"o hundr$ ye>s ( use has demon/rat$ its m]it4 ,! plan ( its f\nd]s %\ld be ma9ta9$ z ! basis = future developm5t40 ,,cass ,,gilb]t4 ,a ,,tribute ,,f ,,visc\nt ,,bryce 8,9 ^! circum/ances may n ! city ( ,wa%+ton feel t its mission 9 life is to be ! embodim5t ( ! maje/y & ! /atel9ess ( ! :ole ,nation1 repres5t+ all t is f9e/ 9 ,am]ican conception1 all t is l>ge/ & mo/ lum9\s 9 ,am]ican ?\ght2 embody+3 ! ,nation's ideal ( :at ! ,capital ( su* a ,nation %\ld be 99 99 99 ! highe/ aspirations z to ext]nal dignity & beauty t a great p c =m = t :i* is ! c5t] & national focus ( _! life40 ,,index ,ab+don1 site (1 #aag4 ,ack]man ,ross1 ar*itects1 #bhd4 ,adams ,memorial1 #ahg1 #cbe4 ,adams1 ,presid5t ,john1 #dj4 ,adams1 ,presid5t ,john ,qu9cy1 #de1 #agf1 #bfh4 ,agriculture1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #hi1 #ade1 #bhd4 ,alex&ria1 ,va41 #h1 #cg1 #aag4 ,alli$ ,ar*itects1 ,inc41 ( ,wa%+ton1 #bce4 ,am]ican ,battle ,monum5ts ,commission1 #cae4 ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects1 #gc1 #ha1 #adf4 ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ph>macy1 #bgg4 ,am]ican ,univ]sity1 #bgi4 ,anaco/ia ,p>k1 #aj1 #afa4 ,arboretum1 ,national1 #afa1 #bif4 ,ar*itecture1 classical ord] (1 #hf1 #afe1 #aga1 #aif1 #bce1 #bfa4 ,ar*ives ,build+1 ,national1 #bhd4 ,arl+ton ,mansion1 #ahb1 #cji4 ,arl+ton ,memorial ,amphi!at]1 #cac4 ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge1 #ic1 #ace1 #bhd1 #bif4 ,arl+ton ,memorial ,bridge ,commission1 #ace4 ,arl+ton ,national ,cemet]y1 #hb1 #adb1 #cji1 #caa4 ,army ,w> ,college1 #bhd4 ,art 9 ! 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,union1 #abf4 ,mullett1 ,a4 ,b41 ar*itect1 #bfh1 #bhd4 ,municipal ,c5t]1 !1 #bif4 ,municipal ,fi% ,:>f1 #aac4 ,murphy1 ,fr$]ick ,v41 ar*itect1 #bhh4 ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 #bgf4 ,national ,capital1 !1 developm5t (1 #ac1 #aje4 ,national ,capital ,p>k & ,plann+ ,commission1 #ea1 #fi1 #ii1 #ajb1 #aje1 #aej1 #cjf4 ,national ,ca!dral ,s*ool1 #bhh4 ,national *ur*es 9 ,wa%+ton1 #bhi4 ,national ,commission ( ,f9e ,arts1 #ie1 #ii1 #ajb1 #aje1 #aej1 #afa1 #bif1 #cae4 ,national ,conf]5ce on ,city ,plann+1 #hb4 ,national ,gall]y ( ,art1 #hi1 #bef1 #bhd4 ,national ,geographic ,society1 #bgg4 ,national ,museum1 #hi1 #bef1 #bhd4 ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 #abg1 #adc1 #bah4 ,national ,%r9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 #bhh4 ,national ,society ( ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 #bge4 ,naval ,academy1 #cai4 ,naval ,hospital1 #bhd1 #bif4 ,naval ,obs]vatory1 #bhd4 ,navy ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 #bif4 ,noyes1 ,mrs4 ,frank ,b41 #afc4 ,octagon ,h\se1 #ha1 #agc4 ,oldroyd ,collection ( ,l9colniana1 #bae4 ,olm/$1 ,fr$]ick ,law1 jr41 l&scape ar*itect1 #hb1 #hg1 #afc4 ,page1 ,william ,tyl]1 #bji4 ,palisades ( ! ,potomac1 #ic4 ,pan ,am]ican ,union1 #bgf4 ,p>k sy/em ( ! ,national ,capital1 #adc1 #cjf4 ,p>tridge1 ,william ,t41 /udy ( ,l',enfant plan by1 #be4 ,pat5t ,(fice1 #db1 #dh1 #aig4 ,peaslee1 ,horace ,w41 ar*itect1 #ccc1 #cdc4 ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 #cg1 #ade1 #bii4 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co41 #hd4 ,p5sion ,(fice ,build+1 old1 #bhd4 ,p]ry1 ,h9ton ,r41 sculptor1 #bhd4 ,piccirilli ,bro!rs1 m>ble cutt]s1 #acc4 ,platt1 ,*>les ,a41 ar*itect1 #bhd4 ,polk1 ,presid5t ,james ,k41 #ea4 ,pope1 ,john ,russell1 ar*itect1 #beg1 #bge1 #bgg1 #bhd4 ,port]1 ,commodore1 own] ( ,m]idian ,hill ,p>k site1 #aei4 ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 #dh1 #bhd4 ,potomac ,p>ks1 #aca1 #aee4 ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 li/ (1 #cee4 ,proctor1 ,a4 ,phimi/]1 sculptor1 #bhd4 ,public ,build+s ,act ( #aibf1 #bif1 #bii1 #cja4 ,public ,build+s ,commission1 #bic1 #cja4 ,public ,build+s ,program1 #bic4 ,public ,heal? ,s]vice ,build+1 #bgf4 ,public ,libr>y1 #bhd4 ,pulaski1 ,g54 ,casimir1 /atue (1 #cca4 ,putnam1 ,h]b]t1 ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 #beb4 ,q ,/reet ,bridge1 #bhd4 ,quotations f great ,am]icans on ! ,national ,capital1 #ceg4 ,railroad into ! ,di/rict1 fir/1 #dh4 ,rank91 ,kellogg ,crane1 ar*itects1 #bhd4 ,r$ ,cross1 ,am]ican ,national1 #bge4 ,r5wick1 ,james1 ar*itect1 #bef1 #bhd4 ,rh9d1 ,j4 ,massey1 sculptor1 #cca4 ,ri*1 ,lorim]1 ar*itect1 #cae4 ,r9eh>t1 ,william ,h41 sculptor1 #bbf1 #bbh4 ,riv]side ,drive1 #ic1 #adb4 ,rock ,creek ,cemet]y1 #ahg1 #cbe4 ,rock ,creek ,*ur*1 #ahg4 ,rock ,creek ,p>k1 #adh1 #aei4 ,rock ,creek ,p>kway1 #ic1 #adh4 ,rockefell]1 ,john ,d41 #abi4 ,rodg]s ,h\se1 #agg4 ,rog]s1 ,r&olph1 #bbd4 ,roosevelt1 ,presid5t ,!odore1 #hi1 #ia1 #agi1 #bgi4 ,root1 ,elihu1 #ia1 #ie1 #ih4 ,ross1 ,alb]t ,r41 ar*itect1 #ccc4 ,ru/1 ,mrs4 ,h>ry ,lee1 #abi4 ,sa9t-,gaud5s1 ,augu/us1 #gg1 #ha1 #ia1 #cbe4 ,scotti% ,rite ,temple1 #bgg4 ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,(fice ,build+s1 #bce4 ,sev5 ,build+s1 !1 #bff4 ,%aw ,lily ,g>d5s1 #afa4 ,%eph]d1 ,alex&] ,r43 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,gov]nor (1 #fa4 ,/atue (1 #cbf4 ,%]man1 ,hon4 ,john1 #bjc1 #bji4 ,%ip/ead-,luce ,act1 #ie1 #ajb4 ,%rady1 ,h5ry ,m]w91 sculptor1 #cdc4 ,simon1 ,l\is1 ar*itect1 #bhd4 ,six ,build+s1 !1 #ci1 #bff4 ,smi?1 ,capt4 ,john1 #i1 #ac4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #bef1 #bhd4 ,social ,security ,build+1 #bif4 ,socit des ,femmes de ,france ,new ,york1 #aei1 #cci4 ,soldi]s' ,home1 #baa4 ,s\sa ,bridge1 ,john ,philip1 #bhd4 ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*1 #aec1 #aij1 #aib4 ,/&>ds1 ,bureau (1 #bhd4 ,/>1 ,ev5+1 #ea1 #bii4 ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]1 national an!m3 ,act ( ,congress designat+1 #ahe4 ,orig9al1 9 ,national ,museum1 #ahe4 ,/ate1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #ha1 #bfe4 ,/ate1 ,w>1 & ,navy ,build+1 #fa1 #ha1 #bfh1 #bhd4 ,/ate ,zon+ ,enabl+ ,act1 #aja4 ,/atues & ,monum5ts 9 ,wa%+ton1 li/ (1 #cdg4 ,/reet c>s1 ,introduction 9 ,wa%+ton (1 #eg4 ,sultan1 ,brig4 ,g54 ,dan4 ,i41 #bhd4 ,supreme ,c\rt ,*amb]1 #cjd4 ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+ ,commission1 #cjd4 ,surveyor's ,(fice1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #cc1 #fi4 ,sut]'s ,tav]n1 #ai4 ,taft1 ,presid5t ,william ,h[>d1 #ia1 #bfc1 #bgi1 #cca4 ,taft1 ,mrs4 ,william ,h[>d1 #aeg4 ,taft1 ,william ,h[>d1 ,bridge1 #aei1 #bhd4 ,?omas1 ,hav>d1 sculptor1 #cdc4 ,?ornton1 ,dr4 ,william1 #db1 #agc1 #ahe1 #aij1 #aig1 #bai4 ,tib] ,creek1 #cg4 ,tobacco b>n1 old 7orig9al ,*ri/ ,*ur*71 #ahh4 ,tomb ( ! ,unkn[n ,soldi]1 #bif1 #cae4 ,t[n ,h\se site1 #cb4 ,treasury1 ,dep>tm5t ( !1 #dh1 #bfg1 #bga4 ,trees ( ,wa%+ton1 #fc1 #aaa4 ,triangle developm5t1 #cja4 ,tr9ity ,college1 #bgi4 ,tripoli ,column1 #cai4 ,tr[bridge1 ,alex&] ,b41 #beb4 ,tr[bridge ,liv+/on1 ar*itects1 #bge4 ,tudor ,place1 #ahb1 #ahe4 ,union ,army1 !1 ,gr& ,review (1 #eg4 ,union ,squ>e1 #hg4 ,union ,/ation1 #hd1 #bce-bda4 ,union ,/ation1 ,plaza (1 #ajc1 #cja4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,botanic ,g>d51 #bif4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,eng9e] ,(fice1 #aac4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,naval ,academy1 #cai4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ,build+1 #bif1 #cja4 ,unkn[n ,soldi]1 !3 ,burial (1 #ace4 ,tomb (1 #adb1 #bif1 #cae4 ,van ,ness ,mansion1 #agg1 #bgf4 ,v$d]1 ,elihu1 pa9t]1 #bde4 ,virg9ia3 ,(f] ( ,legislature (1 #f4 ,"p ( ,di/rict ( ,columbia rec$$ to1 #ea4 ,wakefield ,national ,memorial ,association1 #abg1 #abi4 ,wakefield1 ,va43 ,ance/ors ( ,wa%+ton settle at1 #aj4 ,bir?place ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 #abg4 ,walt] ,re$ ,g5]al ,hospital1 #bhd1 #bif4 ,walt]1 ,?omas ,u41 #hf1 #bai1 #bbd1 #bfh4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,build+1 #bif4 ,w>d1 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 sculptor1 #e4 ,w>d51 ,david ,baillie1 #da4 ,wa%+ton3 ,e>ly1 #ce4 #ahaj-ahae1 #da4 #ahaf-ahci1 #de4 #ahdj-ahei1 #di4 #ahfj-ahgj1 #ec4 ,improvem5ts made 91 dur+ adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,grant1 #fa4 ,metropolitan area (1 #aje4 ,wa%+ton1 ,col4 ,john1 #aj4 ,wa%+ton1 ,judge ,bu%rod1 #abf4 ,wa%+ton1 ,presid5t ,george3 ,appo9ts ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #ac4 ,arrives at ,sut]'s ,tav]n1 ,georget[n1 #ai4 ,bir?place (1 #abg4 ,capitol1 corn]/one (1 lays1 #bai1 #bbh4 ,conf]s ) ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #bj4 ,f$]al ,city1 site =1 au?oriz$ to select1 #g1 #h4 ,home (1 #aba4 ,inauguration (1 #e4 ,l',enfant1 high reg>d (1 =1 #bd4 ,potomac ,canal1 con/ructs1 #d1 #aea4 ,/atues (1 #e1 #cai1 #cba4 ,tr[el us$ at lay+ ( corn]/one ( ,capitol by1 #aag1 #aah4 ,wa%+ton ,aqu$uct1 #eg4 ,wa%+ton ,ca!dral1 #bhd4 ,wa%+ton ,*annel & wat] front1 #aac4 ,wa%+ton ,city ,po/ ,(fice1 #bda4 ,wa%+ton ,m]idian1 #aei4 ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 !3 ,detail$ description (1 #aig4 ,lay+ corn]/one (1 #di1 #bjb4 ,wa%+ton ,national ,airport1 #aag4 ,wa%+ton ,national ,monum5t ,society1 #aii1 #bji4 ,web/]-,a%burton treaty1 tablet commemorat+1 #bfh4 ,web/]1 ,daniel3 ,capitol ext5sion1 orator at lay+ ( corn]/one (1 #i1 #bai4 ,describes ,g5]al ,jackson1 #ace4 ,resid5ce (1 #agi4 ,:ite ,h\se1 !3 ,e>ly description (1 #da1 #aga1 #agc4 ,lat] description (1 #bfa4 ,we9man1 ,a4 ,a41 sculptor1 #bgg1 #cjc4 ,:ite1 ,/an=d1 ar*itect1 #cbe4 ,wilson1 ,james1 ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 #afa4 ,wilson1 ,presid5t ,woodr[1 #bdc1 #bhh4 ,w9t]1 ,ezra1 pa9t]1 #bgf4 ,w9?rop1 ,rob]t ,c41 #bjb1 #bji4 ,)]spoon1 ,john1 /atue (1 #cbf4 ,wood1 ,waddy ,b41 ar*itect1 #bgf4 ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition1 #fe4 ,_w ,w>1 influ5ce on ,wa%+ton1 #aja1 #bic4 ,_w ,w> ,memorials 9 ,europe1 #ii4 ,wye?1 ,na?an ,c41 ar*itect1 #bhd4 ,wye? ,sullivan1 ar*itects1 #bce4 ,york ,sawy]1 ar*itects1 #bgi4 ,zantz+]1 ,borie ,m$>y1 ar*itects1 #bhd4 ,z]o ,mile/one1 #ccc4 ,zon+ ( ! ,capital1 #aja1 #ajh4 ,zon+ ,commission1 #ajc ,zoological ,p>k1 ,national1 #aei1 #bef1 #beg1 #bhd4 ,,transcriptions ,,( ,,*>ts ,,& ,,maps ,page #ad3 ,,sket* ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,,9 ,,embryo1 ,previ\s to its ,survey by ,major ,l',,enfant4 ,compil$ f ! r>e hi/orical rese>*es --(-- ,dr4 ,,joseph ,m4 ,,ton]1 :o by special favor has p]mitt$ ! use ( 8 labor & mat]ials = ! publication ( a gr& hi/orical map ( ?is ,di/rict ,compil]s ,e4,f4,m4 ,,faehtz ,f4,w4 ,,pratt4 #ahgd4 ,?is sket* e/abli%es ! exact location ( ,hamburgh & ,c>rollsburg & approximat$ metes & b\nds ( e e/ate !n embrac$ )9 ! prec9cts grant$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,9 addition !reto ! subsequ5t av5ues z well z sev]al o!r e>ly improvem5ts1 ,page #ag3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,! ,,orig9al ,,mile/ones ,,or ,,b\nd>y ,,/ones ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,,& ,,_! ,,approximate ,,location ,,fr$ ,e ,,woodw>d ,page #ba3 ,,t]ms ,,& ,,conditions decl>$ by ! ,,presid5t ( ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ?is sev5te5? day ( ,octob]1 sev5te5 hundr$ & n9ety-"o1 = regulat+ ! ,mat]ials & ,mann] ( ! ,build+s & ,improvem5ts on ! ,,lots 9 ! ,,city ( ,,wa%+ton4 #a/4 ,t ! out] & p>ty-walls ( all h\ses )9 ! said ,city %all be built ( brick or /one4 #b;d4 ,t all build+s on ! /reets %all be p>allel !reto1 & may be advanc$ to ! l9e ( ?e /reet1 or )drawn !refrom1 at ! pleasure ( ! improv]3 ,b :]e any su* build+ is ab\t to be erect$1 nei!r ! f\ndation or p>ty-wall %all be begun )\t fir/ apply+ to ! p]son or p]sons appo9t$ by ! ,commission]s to sup]9t5d ! build+s )9 ! city1 :o w asc]ta9 ! l9es ( ! walls to correspond ) ^! regulations4 #c;d4 ,! wall ( no h\se to be high] ?an =ty feet to ! ro( 9 any "p ( ! city2 nor %all any be l[] ?an ?irty-five feet on any ( ! av5ues4 #d?4 ,t ! ,p]son or p]sons appo9t$ by ! ,commission]s to sup]9t5d ! build+s may ent] on ! l& ( any p]son to set out ! f\ndation & regulate ! walls to be built betwe5 p>ty & p>ty1 z to ! bread? & ?ickness !re(4 ,:i* f\ndation %all be laid equally ^u ! l&s ( ! p]sons betwe5 :om su* p>ty-walls are to be built1 & %all be ( ! bread? & ?ickness det]m9$ by su* p]son prop]2 & ! fir/ build] %all be reimburs$ "o moiety ( ! *>ge ( su* p>ty-wall1 or s mu* !re( z ! next build] %all h occasion to make use (1 be=e su* next build] %all any ways use or break into ! wall--,! *>ge or value !re( to be set by the p]son or p]sons s appo9t$ by ! ,commission]s4 #e?4 ,z tempor>y conv5i5cies w be prop] = lodg+ workm5 & secur+ mat]ials = build+1 x is to be und]/ood t su* may be erect$ ) ! approbation ( ! ,commission]s3 ,b !y may be remov$ or discont9u$ by ! special ord] ( ! ,commission]s4 #f?4 ,! way into ! squ>es be+ design$ 9 a special mann] = ! common use & conv5i5ce ( ! occupi]s ( ! respective squ>es--,! prop]ty 9 ! same is res]v$ to ! public1 s t !re may be an imm$iate int]f]5ce on any abuse ( ! use !re( by any individual1 to ! nuisance or ob/ruction ( o!rs4 ,! proprietors ( ! ,lots adjo9+ ! entrance into ! squ>es1 on ar*+ ov] ! entrance1 & fix+ gates 9 ! mann] ! ,commission]s %all approve1 %all be intitl$ to divide ! space ov] ! ar*+ & build x up ) ! range ( t l9e ( ! squ>e4 #g?4 ,no vaults %all be p]mitt$ "u ! /reets1 nor any encroa*m5ts on ! foot way above by /eps1 /oops1 por*es1 cell> doors1 w9d[s1 dit*es or lean+ walls2 nor %all !re be any projection ov] ! /reet1 o!r ?an ! eves ( ! h\se1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,commission]s4 #h?4 ,^! regulations are ! t]ms & conditions "u & ^u :i* conveyances are to be made1 accord+ to ! de$s 9 tru/ ( ! l&s )9 ! city4 ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,,t]ms ( ,,sale ( ,,lots 9 ! ,,city ( ,,wa%+ton1 ! ,eigh? ,day ( ,octob]1 #agib4 ,all ,l&s pur*as$ at ?is ,sale1 are to be subject to ! ,t]ms & ,conditions decl>$ by ! ,presid5t1 pursuant to ! ,de$s 9 ,tru/4 ,! pur*as] is imm$iately to pay "o f\r? "p ( ! pur*ase money2 ! residue is to be paid 9 ?ree equal annual paym5ts1 ) ye>ly int]e/ ( six p] c5t4 on ! :ole pr9cipal unpaid3 ,if any paym5t is n made at ! day1 ! paym5ts made are to be =feit$1 or ! :ole pr9cipal & int]e/ unpaid may be recov]$ on "o suit & execution 9 ! option ( ! ,commission]s4 ,! pur*as] is to be entitl$ to a conveyance1 on ! :ole pur*ase money & int]e/ be+ paid1 & n be=e4 ,no bid "u ,?ree ,doll>s to be receiv$4 ,page #bg3 ,,plan ( ! ,city int5d$ = ! ,p]man5t ,,seat ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,project$ agreeable to ! direction ( ! ,,presid5t ( ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates 9 pursuance ( an ,,act ( ,,congress po/$ ! sixte5? day ( ,july1 ,,mdccxc1 8e/abli%+ ! ,p]man5t ,seat on ! bank ( ! ,pot[mac0 ,by ,pet] ,*>les ,l',enfant4 ,,obs]vations explanatory ( ! ,,plan4 ,i4 ,! positions = ! diff]5t ,gr& ,edifices & = ! sev]al ,gr& ,squ>es or ,areas ( diff]5t %apes z !y are laid d[n 7 fir/ det]m9$ on ! mo/ advantage\s gr\nd comm&+ ! mo/ ext5sive prospects1 & ! bett] susceptible ( su* improvem5ts z ! v>i\s int5ts ( ! sev]al objects may require4 ,,ii4 ,l9es or ,av5ues ( direct communication h be5 devis$ z connect ! sep>ate & mo/ di/9ct objects ) ! pr9cipal1 & to pres]ve ?r\gh ! :ole a reciprocity ( sight at ! same "t4 ,att5tion has be5 paid to ! pass+ ( ^? lead+ ,av5ues ov] ! mo/ favorable gr\nd = prospect & conv5i5ce4 ,,iii4 ,nor? & ,s\? l9es1 int]sect$ by o!rs runn+ due ,ea/ & ,we/1 make ! di/ribution ( ! ,city into ,/reets1 ,squ>es1 etc41 & ^? l9es h be5 s comb9$ z to meet at c]ta9 giv5 po9ts ) ^? div]g5t ,av5ues s z to =m on ! spaces 8fir/ det]m9$0 ! diff]5t ,squ>es or ,areas1 :i* are all proportional 9 ,magnitude to ! numb] ( ,av5ues lead+ to !m4 ,bread? ( ! ,/reets4 ,e gr& transv]se ,av5ue & e pr9cipal div]g5t "o1 su* z ! communication f ! ,presid5t's h\se to ! ,congress h\se1 etc41 are #afj feat 9 bread? & ?us divid$3 #aj feet ( pavem5t on ea* side #bj ,feet #cj feet ( gravel walk plant$ ) trees on ea* side #fj #hj feet 9 ! middle = c>riage way #hj --- #afj ,! o!r /reets are ( ! foll[+ dim5sions1 viz43 ,^? lead+ to public build+s or m>kets #acj ,feet ,o!rs #aaj-ij ,9 ord] to execute ! above plan1 ,mr4 ,ellicott drew a true ,m]idional l9e by cele/ial obs]vation :i* passes ?r\gh ! ,area int5d$ = ! ,congress h\se2 ?is l9e he cross$ by ano!r due ,ea/ & ,we/1 :i* passes ?r\gh ! same ,area4 ,^! l9es 7 accurately measur$ & made ! bases on :i* ! :ole plan 0 execut$4 ,he ran all ! l9es by a ,transit ,in/rum5t & det]m9$ ! ,acute ,angles by actual measurem5t1 & left no?+ to ! unc]ta9ty ( ! ,compass4 ,,ref]5ces4 ,a4 ,! eque/rian figure ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 a ,monum5t vot$ 9 #aghc by ! late ,cont95tal ,congress4 ,b4 ,an hi/oric ,column1 also int5d$ = a ,mile or it9]>y ,column1 f ^: /ation 7a mile f ! ,f$]al h\se71 all di/ances ( places ?r\gh ! ,cont95t are to be calculat$4 ,c4 ,a ,naval it9]>y ,column propos$ to be erect$ to celebrate ! fir/ rise ( a ,navy & to /& a ready ,monum5t to consecrate its progress & ,a*ievem5ts4 ,d4 ,?is ,*ur* is int5d$ = ,national purposes1 su* z public pray]1 ?anksgiv+s1 fun]al ,orations1 etc41 & assign$ to ! special use ( no p>ticul> ,sect or d5om9ation1 b equally op5 to all4 ,x w be likewise a prop] %elt] = su* monum5ts z 7 vot$ by ! late ,cont95tal ,congress = ^? h]oes :o fell 9 ! cause ( lib]ty & = su* o!rs z may h]eaft] be decre$ by ! voice ( a grateful ,nation4 ,e4 ,five gr& f\nta9s int5d$ ) a con/ant sp\t ( wat]4 ,n4 ,b4 ,!re are )9 ! limits ( ! ,city ab\t #be good spr+s ( excell5t wat] abundantly suppli$ 9 ! drie/ season ( ! ye>4 ,! ,squ>es col\r$ yell[1 be+ fifte5 9 numb]1 are propos$ to be divid$ among ! sev]al ,/ates 9 ! ,union = ea* ( !m to improve1 or subscribe a sum additional to ! value ( ! l& = t purpose1 & ! improvem5ts r\nd ! ,squ>es to be complet$ 9 a limit$ "t4 ,! c5t] ( ea* ,squ>e w admit ( ,/atues1 ,columns1 obelisks1 or any o!r ornam5ts1 su* z ! diff]5t ,/ates may *oose to erect1 to p]petuate n only ! memory ( su* individuals ^: ,c\nsels or milit>y a*ievem5ts 7 conspicu\s 9 giv+ lib]ty & indep5d5ce to ?is ,c\ntry1 b also ^? ^: usefulness ha? r5d]$ !m wor?y ( g5]al imitation2 to invite ! y\? ( succe$+ g5]ations to tread 9 ! pa?s ( ^? ,sages or h]oes :om _! ,c\ntry has ?\ght prop] to celebrate4 ,! situation ( ^! ,squ>es is su* t !y are ! mo/ advantage\sly & reciprocally se5 f ea* o!r1 & z equally di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole ,city di/rict1 & connect$ by spaci\s ,av5ues r\nd ! gr& ,f$]al improvem5ts1 & z contigu\s to !m1 & at ! same "t z equally di/ant f ea* o!r1 z circum/ances w\ld admit4 ,! settlem5ts r\nd ^? ,squ>es mu/ soon become connect$4 ,?is mode ( tak+ possession (1 & improv+ ! :ole ,di/rict at fir/ mu/ leave to po/]ity a gr& idea ( ! patriotic int]e/ :i* promot$ x4 ,^? figures col\r$ r$1 are int5d$ = use ( all religi\s d5om9ations1 on :i* !y are to erect places ( wor%ip1 & are propos$ to be allott$ to !m 9 ! mann] z ^? col\r$ yell[ to ! diff]5t ,/ates 9 ! ,union2 b no bury+ gr\nds w be admitt$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,city1 an appropriation be+ int5d$ = t purpose )\t4 ,n4 ,b4 ,!n a numb] ( ,squ>es or ,areas unappropriat$1 & 9 situations prop] = ,colleges & ,academies1 & ( :i* e ,society ^: object is national may be accommodat$4 ,e h\se )9 ! ,city w /& squ>e on ! ,/reets1 & e lot4 ev5 ^? on ! div]g5t ,av5ues1 w run ,squ>e ) _! fronts1 :i* on ! mo/ acute angle w n measure less ?an #ef feet & _m w be above #aaj feet4 ,p9e ,creek1 ^: wat]1 if necess>y1 may supply ! ,city1 be+ turn$ into ,james ,:ite's bran*4 ,p]p5dicul> height ( ! ,f4 ,i4 ,pts4 s\rce ( ,tib] ,creek1 #bcf #g above ! level ( ! tide 9 said ,creek4 ,p]p5dicul> height ( ,james ,:ite's ,spr+1 be+ "p ( ,tib] ,creek1 above ! level ( ! tide 9 said ,creek4 ,?is bran* ( ! ,tib]1 is int5d$ to be convey$ to ! ,presid5t's h\se4 ,! wat] ( ?is ,creek is int5d$ to be convey$ on ! high gr\nd1 :]e ! ,congress h\se /&s1 & aft] wat]+ t "p ( ! city1 its ov]plus w fall f "u ! base ( t ,edifice1 & 9 a ,cascade ( #bj feet 9 height1 & #ej 9 bread? into ! res]voir bel[2 !nce to run 9 ?ree fills ?r\gh ! ,g>d5 into ! gr& ,canal4 ,! p]p5dicul> height ( ! gr\nd :]e ! ,congress h\se /&s1 is above ! tide ( ,tib] ,creek1 #gh feet4 ,lat4 ,congress ,h\se1 #ch4ec4,n4 ,long4 #j4 #j4 ,ref]5ces4 ,f4 ,gr& ,cascade1 =m$ ( ! ,wat] f ! s\rces ( ! ,tib]4 ,g4 ,public walk1 be+ a squ>e ( #a1bjj feet1 ?r\gh :i* c>riages may asc5d to ! upp] ,squ>e ( ! ,f$]al h\se4 ,h4 ,gr& ,av5ue1 #djj feet 9 bread?1 & ab\t a mile 9 l5g?1 bord]$ ) g>d5s1 end+ 9 a slope f ! h\ses on ea* side4 ,?is av5ue leads to ! ,monum5t ,a1 & connects ! ,congress ,g>d5 ) ! ,i4 ,presid5t's p>k1 & ! ,k4 ,well improv$ field1 be+ a "p ( ! walk f ! ,presid5t's h\se1 ( ab\t #a1hjj feet 9 bread?1 & ( a mile 9 l5g?4 ,e lot1 deep col\r$ r$1 ) gre5 plots1 designates "s ( ! situations :i* comm& ! mo/ agreeable prospects1 & :i* are ! be/ calculat$ = spaci\s h\ses & g>d5s1 su* z may accommodate =eign ,m9i/]s1 etc4 ,l4 ,ar\nd ?is ,squ>e1 & all along ! ,m4 ,av5ue f ! two bridges to ! ,f$]al h\se1 ! pavem5t on ea* side w pass "u an ,ar*$ way1 "u ^: cov] ,%ops w be mo/ conv5i5tly & agreeably situat$4 ,?is /reet is #afj feet 9 bread?1 & a mile long4 ,page #ca3 ,lat4 ,capitol #ch3ec1 ,n ,long #j3 #j4 ,,obs]vations explanatory ( ! ,plan4 ,i4 ,! positions = ! diff]5t ,edifices & = ! sev]al ,squ>es or ,areas ( diff]5t %apes1 z !y are laid d[n1 7 fir/ det]m9$ on ! mo/ advantage\s gr\nd1 comm&+ ! mo/ ext5sive prospects1 & ! bett] susceptible ( su* improvem5ts1 z ei!r use or ornam5t may h]eaft] call =4 ,,ii4 ,l9es or ,av5ues ( direct communication h be5 devis$ to connect ! sep>ate & mo/ di/ant objects ) ! pr9cipal1 & to pres]ve ?r\gh ! :ole a reciprocity ( sight at ! same "t4 ,att5tion has be5 paid to ! pass+ ( ^? lead+ ,av5ues ov] ! mo/ favorable gr\nd = prospect & conv5i5ce4 ,,iii4 ,nor? & ,s\? l9es int]sect$ by o!rs runn+ due ,ea/ & ,we/1 make ! di/ribution ( ! ,city into ,/reets1 ,squ>es1 c42 & ^? l9es h be5 s comb9$ z to meet at c]ta9 giv5 po9ts ) ^? div]g5t ,av5ues1 s z to =m on ! ,spaces 8fir/ det]m9$10 ! diff]5t ,squ>es or ,areas4 ,p]p5dicul> height ( ! s\rce ( ,f4 ,i4 ,pts4 ,tib] ,creek above ! level ( ! #bcf4g4 tide 9 said ,creek ,?is bran* & t ( ! ,tib] may be convey$ to ! ,presid5t's h\se4 ,! wat] ( ?is ,creek may be convey$ on ! high gr\nd :]e ! ,capitol /&s1 & aft] wat]+ t "p ( ! ,city1 may be de/9$ to o!r useful purposes4 ,! p]p5dicul> height ( ! gr\nd :]e ! ,capitol is to /&1 is above ! tide ( ,tib] ,creek #gh ,feet4 ,p]p5dicul> height ( ! ,we/ ,f4 ,i4 ,pts4 bran* above ! tide 9 #aae4g4 ,tib] ,creek ,,plan ( ! ,,city ( ,wa%+ton 9 ! ,t]ritory ( ,columbia1 c$$ by ! ,/ates ( ,,virg9ia & ,,m>yl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,,( ,am]ica1 & by !m e/abli%$ z ! ,,seat ( _! ,,gov]nm5t1 aft] ! ,ye> ,,mdccc4 ,bread? ( ! ,/reets4 ,! gr& ,av5ues1 & su* ,/reets z lead imm$iately to public places are f #acj to #afj feet wide1 & may be conv5i5tly divid$ into foot ways1 walks ( trees1 & a c>riage way4 ,! o!r /reets are f #ij to #aaj feet wide4 ,9 ord] to execute ?is plan1 ,mr4 ,ellicott drew a true ,m]idional l9e by cele/ial obs]vation1 :i* passes ?r\gh ! ,area int5d$ = ! ,capitol2 ?is l9e he cross$ by ano!r due ,ea/ & ,we/ :i* passes ?r\gh ! same ,area4 ,^! l9es 7 accurately measur$1 & made ! basis on :i* ! :ole plan 0 execut$4 ,he ran all ! l9es by a ,transit ,in/rum5t1 & det]m9$ ! ,acute ,angles by actual measurem5t1 & left no?+ to ! unc]ta9ty ( ! ,compass4 ,page #ha3 ,,make ,,no ,,little ,,plans2 ,,!y ,,h ,,no ,,magic ,,to ,,/ir ,,m5',s ,,blood1 ,,& ,,probably ,,!mselves ,,w ,,n ,,be ,,realiz$4 ,,make ,,big ,,plans2 ,,aim ,,high ,,9 ,,hope ,,& ,,"w1 ,,rememb]+ ,,t ,a ,,noble1 ,,logical ,,diagram ,,once ,,record$ ,,w ,,nev] ,,die1 ,,b ,,long ,,aft] ,,we ,,are ,,gone ,,w ,,be ,a ,,liv+ ,,?+4 ,,ass]t+ ,,itself ,,) ,,ev] ,,gr[+ ,,insi/5cy4 ,,rememb] ,,t ,,our ,,sons ,,& ,,gr&sons ,,are ,,go+ ,,to ,,d ,,?+s ,,t ,,w\ld ,,/agg] ,,u4 ,,let ,,y\r ,,wat*- ,,^w ,,be ,,ord] ,,& ,,y\r ,,beacon ,,beauty ,,daniel ,h4 ,,burnham ,page #ajj3 ,,wa%+ton ,d4,c4 ,,! ,,mall--,,c5tral ,,area ,,/udy ,,= ,,developm5t--#aicg ,,national ,,capital ,,p>k ,,& ,,plann+ ,,commission ,page #ajd3 ,,virg9ia ,,projects ,,%[n ,,9 ,,accordance ,,) ,,/udies ,,( ,,virg9ia-,,national ,,capital ,,p>k ,,& ,,plann+ ,,commission ,,arl+ton ,,c\nty ,,zon+ ,,commission ,,m>yl& ,,projects ,,%[n ,,9 ,,accordance ,,) ,,/udies ,,( ,,m>yl&-,,national ,,capital ,,p>k ,,& ,,plann+ ,,commission ,,wa%+ton ,,suburban ,,sanit>y ,,commission ,,exi/+ ,,public ,,p>ks ,,propos$ ,,public ,,p>ks ,,public ,,in/itutions ,,private ,,in/itutions ,,cemet]ies ,,propos$ ,,airports ,,golf ,,c\ntry ,,clubs ,,exi/+ ,,pr9cipal ,,highways ,,propos$ ,,pr9cipal ,,highways ,,exi/+ ,,int]m$iate ,,highways ,,propos$ ,,int]m$iate ,,highways ,,cities ,,& ,,t[ns ,,/ate ,,l9e ,,c\nty ,,l9e ,,di/rict ,,l9es ,page #aaj3 - ,,index - ,,propos$ ,,p>kway ,,exi/+ ,,p>k ,,l&s ,,propos$ ,,p>k ,,acquisition ,,exi/+ ,,in/itutions1 ,,cemet]ies ,,etc4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,,=t ,,drive ,,p>kway ,,connect+ ,,! ,,civil ,,w> ,,=ts ,,encircl+ ,,! ,,city ,,wa%+ton1 ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,,national ,,capital ,,p>k ,,& ,,plann+ ,,commission ,,lt4 ,,col4 ,u4,s4 ,,grant #c,,rd - ,,executive ,,& ,,disburs+ ,,(fic] ,,maj4 ,,c>ey ,h4 ,,br[n - ,,eng9e] ,,*>les ,w4 ,,elliott #b,,nd - ,,city ,,plann] ,,febru>y #aicg ,page #aad3 -,,leg5d- ,,p>ks ,,public ,,gr\nds ,,propos$ ,,p>ks ,,private ,,in/itutions ,,public ,,in/itutions ,,propos$ ,,public ,,gr\nds ,page #adi3 ,,p>k1 ,,p>kway ,,playgr\nd ,,projects ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,,national ,,capital ,,p>k ,,plann+ ,,commission ,page #aeh3 ,,rock ,,creek ,,p>k ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,,scale ,,9 ,,feet ,,(fice ,,( ,,public ,,build+s ,,& ,,public ,,p>ks ,,lieut4 ,,col4 ,u4,s4 ,,grant1 #c,,rd1 ,,director ,g4,e4 ,,cl>k1 ,,eng9e] ,,9 ,,*>ge ,,( ,,surveys ,g4,s4 ,,elliott - ,,*ief ,,( ,,p>ty ,,leg5d ,,leave ,,c> ,,or ,,bus ,,l9es ,,= ,,p>k ,,macadam ,,roads ,,dirt ,,/reets ,,or ,,roads ,,foot ,,pa?s ,,spr+s ,,or ,,f\nta9s ,,improv$ ,,/reets ,,bridle ,,pa?s ,,picnic ,,groves ,,revision #aicc ,page #aga3 ,basem5t ,plan #ahjj ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,inconsi/5cies & 7factual or l+ui/ic7 errors 9 ! text h be5 reta9$1 except z m5tion$ "u ,*anges bel[4 ,c>r]e & ,c>rre h n be5 *ang$ to ,c>rre 7! m common spell+74 ,miss+ or wrong acc5ts 9 ,fr5* words h n be5 correct$4 ,sev]al prop] & geographic names are spell$ ei!r 9 _! orig9al or 9 anglicis$ spell+ 7or bo?7 or 9 v>iations !re(2 ^! h n be5 /&>dis$4 ,! diff]5ces 79 word+ & /ructure7 betwe5 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ,li/ ( ,illu/rations & ! *apt] & section titles & illu/ration captions 9 ! text h n be5 correct$ ei!r4 ,dep5d+ on ! h>d- & s(tw>e us$ to read ?is text & _! sett+s1 n all elem5ts may display z int5d$4 ,! quality ( sev]al ( ! maps & *>ts 0 insuffici5t to display !m fully legible & ) all details visible1 or to transcribe ! text 9 ! *>t or map4 ,page #ad1 note 9 l[] left corn] ( map3 ! note 9 ! s\rce docum5t ends 7unexpect$ly7 9 444 sev]al o!r e>ly improvem5ts1 ,page #bg1 #ca3 ,! 7m9or7 diff]5ces betwe5 ! texts 9 ! *>ts & ^? 9 ! transcriptions z pr9t$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t h n be5 rectifi$4 ,page #adf1 quote f ,l',enfant1 & ,page #bg 7transcription f *>t73 ! m9or diff]5ces betwe5 ! quot$ text & ! map h n be5 rectifi$4 ,page #bja1 ,by a resolution adopt$ ,febru>y #bi1 #ahdg 4443 #ahdg 0 n a leap ye>4 ,*anges made ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ outside text p>agraphs4 ,"s obvi\s m9or typographical1 spell+ & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 ,:]e relevant & possible notes1 explanatory texts1 leg5ds1 etc4 f illu/rations h be5 transcrib$ sep>ately2 ^! transcriptions may be f\nd t[>ds ! end ( ! text4 ,9 ^! transcriptions1 mo/ ( ! 7sometimes elaborate7 =matt+ has be5 ignor$4 ,page #db3 ,x 0 erect$ by ,mr4 ,blodget 444 *ang$ to ,x 0 erect$ by ,mr4 ,blodgett4444 ,page #beb3 ,alex&] ,b4 ,tr[ridge *ang$ to ,alex&] ,b4 ,tr[bridge4 ,page #bhd3 ,ack]mann ,ross1 ar*itects *ang$ to ,ack]man ,ross1 ar*itects2 ,a4 ,b4 ,mullet1 sup]vis+ ar*itect *ang$ to ,a4 ,b4 ,mullett1 sup]vis+ ar*itect4 ,page #cbe3 444 = ! /atute & p$e/al 444 *ang$ to 444 = ! /atue & p$e/al 4444 ,page #cdi3 ,antion ,popiel1 sculptor *ang$ to ,antoni ,popiel1 sculptor ,index3 "s names h be5 /&>dis$ ) ! spell+ us$ 9 ! text4