,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4 ,illu/ration ,,neighb\r',s ,,improv$ ,,bee-,,hives ,,= ,,tak+ ,,honey ,,)\t ,,! ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,bees4 ,illu/ration ,,draw+s ,,& ,,detail$ ,,li/s ,,=w>d$ ,,on ,,receipt ,,( ,,po/age ,,/amps #a4 ,,nutt',s ,,collat]al ,,box ,,hive4 ,consi/s ( ?ree collat]al boxes1 & octagon top box to cov] ! bell glass1--sw>m+ is prev5t$4 ,price1 #f4 #aes4 ,/& = ditto1 #afs4 #b4 ,,neighbor',s ,,improv$ ,,s+le ,,box ,,hive4 ,work+ "o l>ge flat glass above1 is fitt$ ) a ,!rmomet]1 c4 ,price1 complete1 #c4 #cs4 ,/& = ditto1 #ajs4 #f;d4 #c4 ,,taylor',s ,,%all[ ,,box ,,or ,,eight ,,b> ,,hive4 ,consi/s ( ?ree boxes to ( !m fitt$ ) moveable b>s = ! m conv5i5t deprivation ( ! honey protect$ f ! wea!r by a cov] ( wood4 ,price1 #c4 #ajs4 ,/& = ditto1 #ajs4 #f;d4 #d4 ,,taylor',s ,,amateur ,,b> ,,hive4 ,) ?ree boxes1 furni%$ ) sev5 moveable b>s 9 ea* box2 ?is ,beehive has no additional cov]1 b is made ( /\t] wood4--,vide page #ee1 ,taylor's ,bee ,keep]'s ,manual4 ,price1 #c4 #es4 ,/& = ditto1 #ajs4 #f;d4 #e4 ,,neighb\r',s ,,improv$ ,,cottage ,,hive4 ,work+ ?ree bell glasses1 is neatly & /rongly made ( /raw1 x has ?ree w9d[s 9 ! l[] ,hive1 ) a !rmomet] affix$ to ! c5t] "o4 ,?is ,hive w be f\nd to possess m practical advantages & is m easy ( managem5t ?an any o!r ,beehive t has be5 introduc$4 ,price1 complete1 #a4 #aes4 ,/& = ditto1 #ajs1 #f;d4 7,cont9u$ on page #c ( ,wrapp]7 ,,! ,,italian ,,alp-,,bee ,,or ,,! ,,gold ,,m9e ,,( ,,husb&ry3 ,,%ort ,,& ,,practical ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,bre$ ,,g5u9e ,,prolific ,,italian ,,que5s2 ,,to ,,multiply ,,!m ,,by ,,hundr$s ,,9 ,a ,,few ,,mon?s ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,*ange ,,g]man ,,hives ,,into ,,italian ,,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,h]mann1 ,,tam9s1 ,,canton ,,graubund51 ,,switz]l& ,! ,"r ( ,translation into o!r ,languages is ,res]v$4 ,,london3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,geo4 ,,neighb\r ,,& ,,sons1 #adi1 ,,reg5t ,,/reet1 & #abg1 ,,high ,,holborn4 #ahfj4 ,9 s5d+ ?is little ,treatise to ! ,press x has be5 ?\ght desirable to pres5t x to ! ,public z a lit]al translation f ! p5 ( ,m4 ,h]mann1 r ?an a m highly f9i%$ production 9 ! ,engli%1 language4 ,we take ! pres5t opportunity ( m5tion+1 t ! fir/ introduction ( ! ,ligurian ,bee into ,engl& 0 ?r\gh our ag5cy4 ,a lett] to u f ,m4 ,h]mann1 dat$ #e? ,july1 #ahei1 7an extract f :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,cottage ,g>d5] ( t mon?7 has giv5 rise to ! int]e/+ discussion 9 t p]iodical4 ,g4 ,n4 ,,sons4 ,,preface4 ,transcrib] ,note3 ! orig9al own] ( ! book1 ,francis ,d>w91 decid$ to pa/e a v l>ge bookplate cov]+ ! fir/ ?ree p>agraphs ( ! ,preface4 ,a ?or\gh se>* ( ! ,int]net did n reveal any o!r copy ( ?is volume4 ,z t k9d ( bee inhabits1 at pres5t1 b a small /rip ( c\ntry1 !y are v r>e1 & a bee-cultivator :o is 9 possession ( su* a hive c turn x into a real gold m9e4 ,! int]e/ 9 ! ,yell[ ,alp-bee is on ! increase1 = x has n ! less value = sci5ce g5]ally1 because by bre$+ su* bees "o obta9s an insight into _! mann]s ( life1 & _m ?+s are made cle> & br\ght to light ( :i* x has n be5 possible to obta9 a k be=e4 ,only by bre$+ bees ( ?is k9d "o c become a bee cultivator 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w4 ,to assi/ ! bre$] to *ange 8 own black or common bees into ,italian bees 9 ! %orte/ & safe/ way1 & to keep ! race pure1 = ! purpose ( a lucrative income1 is ! object ( ?is little "w1 & ,i %all be glad if ! cont5ts prove a s\rce ( pr(it to v _m fri5ds ( ! bee4 ,,! ,,au?or4 ,illu/ration ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,italian ,,yell[ ,,alp-,,bee4 7,apis helvetica47 ,:5 ! ,"l creat$ ! _w he plac$ ! plants 9 _! prop] situations1 & creatures to ^? plants1 :i* 7 to s]ve z _! food4 ,b man has 9 c\rse ( "t transplant$ plants & animals1 s1 t (t5 ! orig9al c\ntry c no m be recognis$4 ,9 ! valleys & pla9s man c\ld fir/ comm5ce 8 deva/ations1 b ! heights1 & n easy accessible m\nta9s resi/$ human cultivation long]2 & x is !re :]e we f9d nature 9 h] orig9al maje/y4 ,(t5 plants & animals w cease to ?rive 9 a c\ntry1 because !y are no m 9 _! place assign$ to !m by ! ,creator4 ,x is diff]5t 9 ! /eep m\nta9s1 :]e nature is n accessible to cultivation2 !re we f9d ev]y:]e ! same plants 9 a c]ta9 region1 z1 l>*es1 p9es1 ,alp9e-roses1 g5tian2 also animals1 z1 *amois1 wild goats1 :ite h>es1 :o d n ?rive well 9 ! pla9s4 ,"h !n1 9 ! m\nta9s1 mu/ we look = ! orig9 ( animals4 ,=1 at ! "t ( ! great deluge1 all animals 9 ! pla9s 71 c]ta9ly1 ! fir/ to p]i%1 & ^? 9 ! m\nta9s 71 9 all probability1 left = po/]ity4 ,! yell[ ,italian ,alp-bee is a m\nta9 insect2 x is f\nd betwe5 two m\nta9 *a9s to ! "r & left ( ,lomb>dy & ,rhatian ,alps1 & comprises ! :ole t]ritory ( ,tessir1 ,veltl91 & ,s\?-,graubund54 ,x ?rives up to ! height ( #d1ejj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & appeal's to pref] ! nor!rn clime to ! w>m]1 = 9 ! s\? ( ,italy x is n f\nd4 ,f ! m\nta9 ^? bees lat] emigrat$ into ! pla9s1 b !y d n ?rive s well !re4 ,"s le>n$ m5 h call$ !m ligurian bees1 b t "n has nei!r hi/orical nor geographical claim1 & n "o bee-cultivator ( ! :ole di/rict ( ! ,italian ,alp-bee kn[s :at k9d ( insects ligurian bees are4 ,! ,alps are _! native c\ntry1 !re=e !y are call$ ,yell[ ,alp-bee#a or tame h\se bees1 9 anti!sis to ! black ,european bees1 :om we might call common =e/ bees1 & :o1 on ! slighte/ t\*1 fly l lightn+ into y\r face4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is n at all an indiff]5t matt] by :at "n any?+ is call$4 ,_m bee-cultivators 9 ,g]man-,switz]l& deceiv$ by ! "n ( ,ligurian bees1 & 9 expectation to receive a =eign race1 h pur*as$ su* bees at high prices f ,g]many2 t !y w n d aga91 z ! natural "n1 ,alp-bee w imm$iately %[ :]e t bee is at home3 t is 9 ,switz]l&4 ,z all good & noble ?+s 9 ! _w are m sc>ce ?an common ones1 s !re are m common black bees ?an ( ! noble yell[ race1 :i* latt] inhabit only a v small piece ( c\ntry1 :ile ! black ones are at home ev]y:]e 9 ,europe1 & ev5 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,italian yell[ bee diff]s f ! common black bee 9 its long]1 sl5d] =m1 & light *rome yell[ col\r1 ) light brim/one col\r$ w+s1 & two orange-r$ gir?s1 ea* "o-six? ( an in* wide4 ,work+ bees z well z drones h ?is m>k4 ,! drones are fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! gir?s be+ scollop$1 l ! spott$ wat]-s]p5t1 & obta9 an a/oni%+ size2 almo/ half z corpul5t aga9 z ! black drones4 ,! que5 has ! same m>ks z ! work+ bees1 b mu* m conspicu\s & light]2 %e is mu* l>g] ?an ! black que51 & easy to be s+l$ out ( ! sw>m1 on acc\nt ( h] rem>kable bodily size & light col\r4 ,^! bees are almo/ transp>5t :5 ! sun %9es on !m4 ,?is race has no?+ 9 common ) ! black bees2 ?is c be in/antly se5 by _! ways & mann] ( build+4 ,! cells ( ! ,italian bees are consid]ably deep] & broad] ?an ^? ( ! black bees4 ,fifte5 cells ( ! ,italians are z broad z sixte5 cells ( ! black k9d4 ,x mu/ be v int]e/+ to measure !m geometrically4 ,!y are extremely t5d]1 amiable little creatures1 & a bee-protector is n necess>y ) !m1 z1 unprovok$1 !y nev] /+1 lea/ ( all _! own ma/]4 ,x is a specific ,swiss bee2 ! ,alps are _! home1 & !re !y ?rive beautifully2 ! high] ! bett]4 ,! exhalation ( an ,italian bee-hive is pung5t1 & easy to be di/+ui%$ f a ,g]man hive4 ,! ,italian bees h decid$ly ! pref]5ce4 ,if a piece ( honey is any:]e ab\t1 ! ,italians are sure to be ! fir/ to f9d x out4 ,long be=e ! black bees fly out1 ! ,italians come1 & are indu/ri\s until late 9 autumn1 :5 ! black bees h long s9ce ceas$ to "w4 ,ev]y:]e !y sc5t ! honey fir/1 & are !re=e ! fir/ to discov] a weak neighb\r+ hive & to rob !m ( _! /ores4 ,x is seldom kn[n t an ,italian hive w h>b\r ,g]man bees1 = ! ,italians resi/ an attack mu* m c\rage\sly1 & "k h[ to keep _! h\se cle>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] a few weeks1 ,italian bees w be obs]v$ to m>* 9 & out ( ,g]man hives1 j z if !y 7 q at home2 su* is ! case if !re is only "o ,italian hive on ! /&4 ,! cause is easily expla9$4 ,! ,italians belong to ! long-f+]$ craft1 & creep into o!r hives1 probably to look aft] ! /ores2 !n !y beg9 to l ! place1 & !y /op1 jo9+ ! black p4 ,9 ,g]many ! comm5cem5t has be5 made "s ye>s s9ce to keep ^? bees1 b !y 7 only obta9$ 9 a ba/>d condition2 _m /ories g ! r\nd ab\t our de> creatures1 & virtues & vices are attribut$ to !m :i* !y d n possess4 ,"s insi/ t !y are l>g]1 o!rs1 t !y are small]1 & o!rs aga91 t !y are z l>ge z ! common black bees4 ,"s say t !y d n agree ) o!r bees on ! same /&2 & "s are ( ! ob/9ate op9ion t ! ,italian bee is n pure1 & has a small portion ( ,g]man blood1 & t x is only by _! 7! ,g]man bee-ma/]s7 pa9s1 & c>eful cross+ ) _! black bee1 t a pure race c be produc$4 ,x is (t5 comical h[ "s ev5 make a di/9ction ( degrees ( pref]5ce1 ( m or less purity ( race4 ,once a fri5d ( bees wrote to me3--,an ,italian que5 t we call f9e & pure has on ! abdom5 only a v1 v little po9t1 c4 ,^! good p bo!r !mselves ab\t half or :ole1 & ?ree qu>t]s or full blood1 & _m o!r subtilities1 )\t arriv+ at ! idea t !re is no m$ium pure & impure4 ,:at is n a pure ,italian is n ,italian at all4 ,if %e is ,italian %e c only produce ,italians2 b a ba/>d nev]2 j z a ba/>d c nev] produce an ,italian4 ,t :i* is n g5u9e1 is1 & rema9s1 spuri\s4 ,once1 by ! pair+ ( ! ,italian bee1 br\ght out ( c\rse1 !re is no o!r guide b t ( ! yell[ col\r+4 ,all t h n on ! aft] "p a black po9t & a yell[ abdom51 we kill at once z be+ spuri\s1 is an expression ( ano!r bee-cultivator4 ,su* an inc>nate1 ,nor?-,g]man1 ,/ock-,italian c\ld n be conv9c$ t !re1 :]e ! home ( ! ,italian bee is1 by f> ! great] numb] ( que5s are d>k1 almo/ *esnut-br[n1 &1 = all t1 !re is no diff]5ce 9 ! col\r ( ! work+ bees1 :e!r !y be produc$ by a light or a d>k-col\r$ que54 ,all ,italian ,alp-bees h ! same di/9ctive m>k1 t is1 ! two orange-r$ gir?s1 no matt] :e!r d>k or light1 & a d>k que5 w j z well produce light ones1 z a light "o produces d>k que5s1 & ! col\r has !re=e n ! lea/ influ5ce on ! race1 b solely ! m>ks ( di/9ction4 ,! ,m>quis ( ,sp9ola has call$ ?is bee ! ,apis ligu/ica1 b on ! same gr\nd ! ,bav>ians may call _! bee ,apis bav>ia1 or ! ,b]l9ians !irs1 ! ,apis borussia1 c4 ,! circum/ance t ^! yell[ bees are only to be f\nd 9 ! mo/ p]fect condition on ! bord]s ( ,graubund51 9 ! ,veltl9 & ,tess91 & t1 ! f>!r "o goes f ! ,alps1 ! less h&some !y are f\nd2 z = example 9 ,nice2 until !y are entirely lo/ 9 l[] ,italy 9 ! black species4 ,?is circum/ance speaks = itself1 t ! yell[ ,alp-bees h be51 ?r\gh ! glaci]s1#b unsurm\ntably sep>at$ f ! black bees on ?is side ( ! ,alps1 & c\ld pres]ve _! race 9 orig9al purity1 :ile !y might & c\ld mix m1 by latt] gradual spread+1 9 l[] ,italy1 ,v5ice1 ,g5oa & ,nice ) o!r k9ds4 ,we mu/ !re=e look = ! orig9al 9 ,switz]l&1 & c call !m ) z mu* "r ,apis helvetica z ! ,g5oese calls !m ,apis ligu/ica4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ass]tions ( _m ,g]man bee-cultivators t ! ,italian bee has ,g]man blood1 z n ev5 ! ,alps1 l a ,*9ese wall1 w\ld prev5t !m f mix+ ) ,g]man bees1 may s\nd v well & compreh5sible on pap]1 b ! matt] w\ld be q *ang$ if su* a biograph] w\ld take ! tr\ble to make1 on ! spot1 inquiries :i* w\ld pres5t a sci5tific basis-4 ,! la/ ,g]man place f ! ,juli]-pass is call$ ,/alla1 betwe5 :i* place & ,pos*iavo 7a di/ance ( fifty miles7 !re are no bees4 ,9 ,may1 & sometimes to ! end ( ! mon?1 ! road leads f ,/alla by ! ,juli]-pass 7n9e miles71 (t5 ?r\gh sn[1 !n ,ob]5gadi5 is pass$ 7:]e n a s+le bee exi/s71 & !n ?r\gh ! ,b]n9a-pass :i* dem&s a m>*1 9 ! sn[1 ( ab\t fifte5 miles1 & passes are ! l[e/ po9ts = passage4 ,n[1 ,i %\ld l to see t sw>m ( bees t c\ld take its w$d+-flight f ,/alla to ,pos*iavo ov] two m\nta9s cov]$ ) sn[ 7= ! sn[ does n melt 9 ,june1 & ev5 9 ,july & ,augu/ ! temp]ature is s l[ t e bee w\ld p]i%7 = ! purpose ( mat+ ) ! ne>e/ bord]]s 9 ,pos*iavo4 ,! same may be said ( ! entire *a9 ( passes1 on ! ,b]nh>d91 ,got?>d1 ,splug51 ,lukmani]1 n[h]e = ?irty miles r\nd is a bee to be f\nd1 = !y _c exi/s :]e1 ?r\gh ! neighb\rhood ( ! glaci]s1 ! air is s cool$ d[n4 ,!re is an end to ! insect-_w1 & we may be sure t x has n ent]$ into ! m9d ( an ,italian to import a hive f ,g]man-,switz]l&1 by :i* ,g]man blood may h be5 br\ght into ,italy4 ,if ! latt] "n 7 correct1 !y mu/ h spread f ,g5oa1 ! =m] ligurian %ore1 into ,upp] ,italy1 & by gradual removal f _! ,g5oese home1 !y c\ld n ga9 9 beauty ( race1 b mu/ h deg5]at$ 9 proportion ! f>!r !y w5t f _! native c\ntry1 c4 ,b ?is is n s4 ,_! seat is ! extreme nor? ( ,italy2 t is1 ! ,italian ,switz]l&1 !re !y h pres]v$ _! purity4 ,! pro(s ( an argum5t mu/ n be fet*$ f ! moon4 ,a nationality is nev] f\nd on ! bord]s1 b 9 ! c5tre ( a c\ntry4 ,only a %ort "t ago x 0 ass]t$ 9 ! ,bee ,gazette ( ,ei*/$t1 t _! cell con/ruction is n l>g] ?an t ( ! black bee2 b t is ano!r errone\s ass]tion :i* only proves t ! au?or ( su* a natural hi/ory ei!r nev] h&l$ a pure ,italian bee2 or1 l a great _m m ink-wa/]s1 hat*$ some?+ 9 ! /udy :i* is n[h]e to be f\nd 9 nature4 ,x does n require ! use ( spectacles to f9d a diff]5ce4 ,! cubic cont5ts ( an ,italian bee-cell is l>g] by ?irty p] c5t1 & ! wid? is "o-fifte5? m ?an t ( ! ,g]man cell4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,italian bees are br$ ?r\gh sev]al g5]ations 9 ,g]man cells1 ! bees mu/ ultimately deg5]ate & become small]4 ,n[ z x has pleas$ "s naturali/s to "n !m ,apis ligu/ica1 ,i _c conceive :y we %\ld n rebaptise !m1 z soon z we h arriv$ at ! conviction t our rese>*es h be5 m 9 accordance ) nature4 ,!re=e c\rage1 & 9 future4 ,yell[ ,alp-bee1 or1 if necess>y1 t x %\ld be lat91 ,apis helvetia1 or helvetica 7we are n good lat9 s*ol>s74 #a4 ,,nature ,,( ,,bees4 ,a heal?y hive conta9s 9 summ] ?ree k9ds ( bees #a4 ,! que5 or "m-bee4 #b4 ,! drones or males4 #c4 ,! work+-bees1 or imp]fect females4 #b4 ,,! ,,que54 ,9 a hive !re is 9 g5]al only "o que5 :o lays dur+ ! "t ( h] highe/ prolificness 9 summ] daily f #ajjj to #cjjj eggs1 & ^! 9 ! be/ ord]2 "o egg 9 a cell4 ,m ?an "o que5 ! bees d n suff]4 ,%\ld !re be m1 !y fly away z sw>ms1 or are kill$ by ! bees4 ,! que5 lays male & female eggs4 ,! male-eggs %e lays 9 ! drone cells1 & ! female-eggs 9 ! small cells ( ! work+-bees4 ,! que5 requires1 reckon+ f ! egg to h] creep+ out t5 to sev5te5 days1 accord+ to ! wea!r4 #c4 ,,! ,,work+-,,bees4 ,! work+-bees orig9ate out ( ! female-eggs4 ,!re are 9 a hive f #fjjj to #gj1jjj4 ,!y require f ! egg to maturity eighte5 to tw5ty-"o days1 !y !n rema9 9 ! hive = t5 or f\rte5 days be=e !y fly out4 ,! bees are able to br+ up a que5 out ( e work+-bee's eggs1 & also f ! grub if x is n above ?ree days old4 ,9 t case !y elongate & increase ! wid? ( ! cell 9 ! %ape ( an acorn1 & give m fe$+-mucilage ?an !y are 9 ! habit ( giv+ to ! work+-bee4 ,to insure success 9 ! cultivation x requires dext]ity1 & /udy ( ! nature ( bees4 ,! que5 requires f ! egg t5 to sev5te5 days to h] full developm5t1 :5 %e w fly out ab\t f "o to ?ree days1 aft] h] creep+ out ( ! egg1 to be impregnat$1 & !n aft] ! lapse ( six or t5 days m1 %e comm5ces to lay eggs4 ,!n %e w n fly out aga9 unless ) a sw>m4 ,! bees always prep>e sev]al que5-cells at "o "t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 d n mature at ! same mom5t4 ,! que5 is only once impregnat$ dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( h] life :i* la/s f ab\t ?ree to five ye>s4 #d4 ,,! ,,drones ,^! are males4 ,!re are ab\t #b1jjj 9 a hive1 & !n only 9 summ]1 =1 z soon z ! sw>m+ & honey-c>ry+-"t is ov]1 !y are turn$ out z useless eat]s4 ,!y s]ve only to impregnate ! que54 ,! drones require f ! egg to maturity1 tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-f\r days4 #e4 ,,! ,,work+-,,bees4 ,! work+-bees mate probably ) ! drones1 & are1 !re=e1 capable ( lay+ eggs1 b :i* produce only drones2 &1 g5]ally1 a hive 9 :i* ! work+-bees comm5ce lay+ eggs1 is go+ to de/ruction4 ,x c soon be obs]v$1 z !y lay (t5 two1 ?ree1 to tw5ty eggs1 )\t ord]1 9 "o cell4 ,9 su* a hive !re is no long] a que51 & x is be/ to sep>ate x at once or to unite x ) a heal?y hive1 = su* demoralis$ p g5]ally kill a newly add$ que54 ,^?1 :o dispute ! mat+ ( ! work+-bees ) ! drones are 9 error4 ,only place "y bees )\t a que5 9 a place di/ant f any drones1 & no eggs are ev] discov]$2 b1 z soon z !y are br\ght 9 ! neighb\rhood ( drones1 & !y h no que5s1 !y lay drone-egg4 #f4 ,,bre$+ ,,( ,,! ,,que54 ,= t purpose *oose ! l>ge/ hive1 = x is an old say+1 t a l>ge c[ w produce a l>ge calf4--,f s f9e a hive y c]ta9ly h f9e "y ones4 ,z x is kn[n t out ( e work+-bee-egg ! bees c bre$ a que51 & t !y (t5 prep>e z _m z f six to ?irty at ! same "t1 advantage mu/ be tak5 ( t fact4 ,b d n beg9 ) ! bre$+ ( que5s until ! bees are suffici5tly /rong1 & h comm5c$ ! bre$+ ( drones4 ,?is mu/ be p>ticul>ly att5d$ to if y want to bre$ aft]w>ds pure ,italians1 = to insure _! mat+ only ) ,italian drones !y mu/ fir/ exi/1 & t 9 /rong numb]s4 #g4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,bre$ ,,italian ,,que5s ,,:5 ,,9 ,,possession ,,( ,,"o ,,or ,,two ,,:ole ,,italian ,,hives4 ,:5 y h "o or two ,italian hives1 y mu/ endeavor to put !m into hives ) moveable p>ts1 if !y are n already 9 "o4 ,!n c>e mu/ be tak51 t by cont9ual fe$+ ) good honey1 & fill+ up ( ! hive ) suffici5t combs1 !y increase _! /r5g? & prep>e a good _m drones4 ,! tr\ble is mu* less if ! ,italian bees are on a /& by !mselves1 ab\t #ejj or #ajjj y>ds f ! o!rs1 ! f>!r ! bett]4 ,x w be well to be cauti\s1 to leave "o hive undivid$ & unt\*$ t !y cont9ue to bre$ _m drones1 = ! divid$ hive w n produce any m drones 9 ! same ye>1 !re=e "o hive mu/ be kept /rong & unt\*$1 s t y d n run %ort 9 drone-bre$+4 ,:5 !re are suffici5t drones or drone-brood on h&1 take f a hive ! ,italian que5 ) ! ?ird "p ( h] p & build+1 & fill up ! miss+ two-?irds ) empty & full combs4 ,?is que5 is n[ tak5 to a di/ant /& :]e ! common or black bee is kept1 & plac$ 9 ! /ead ( a popul\s hive dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! mo/ "p ( ! bees4 ,! black bees w at fir/ be surpris$ & refuse to ent]1 z ^! two species hate ea* o!r4 ,%\ld !y entirely refuse to ent]1 !n remove dur+ ! flight1 ! :ole ( ! black hives /&+ on ! same front2 ! return+ bees w !n be fright5$1 & n kn[+ :]e to g to1 w1 9 ! end1 will+ly1 & )\t di/urbance1 ent] to ! ,italian "m1 :o by ^? means w soon get /rong aga92 & 9 ab\t five or sev5 days1 w h laid suffici5t eggs to "p !m aga92 & s y c cont9ue z long z y wi% to ,italianise4 ,9 t mann]1 if ! que5 is =?) /r5g!n$ by ,g]man bees1 no di/urbance takes place 9 ! bre$+ ( drones1 y h only to put 9 a few drone-cells4 ,b t ! ,italian "m does n receive black drones z well1 place be=e ! fly-hole a drone-/opp] to keep ^? cu/om]s out4 ,let u n[ return to ! ,italian /&1 :]e we h tak5 ! "m f ) a ?ird ( ! p4 ,mean:ile !y h made prep>ations to beg9 que5-cells1 & mo/ly m ?an "o1 p]haps f t5 to tw5ty4 ,on ! elev5?1 ! late/ on ! sev5te5? day1 !y creep out1 &1 n to expose !m to ! dang] ( ! surplus ones be+ kill$ by ! bees1 !y mu/ be look$ aft] on ! eigh? or n9? day1 & all que5-cells b "o or two mu/ be cut out4 ,! cut out cells are put ) a honey-comb & a few h&fulls ( bees into a little box ab\t f\r or six in*es squ>e4 ,^! boxes mu/ h wires on two1 or bett]1 on all f\r sides1 s t ! bees get us$ to ! smell ( ea* o!r1 & ?us become reconcil$4 ,9 su* a box ! ,italian que5-cell is put 9 to a hive ( black bees1 :i* ! day previ\s has be5 depriv$ ( ! que51 & if possible 9 ! c5tre or ! he>t ( ! ne/4 ,! black bees _c n[ ent] into ! box1 b become acqua9t$1 ?r\gh ! wire1 ) ! smell ( ! ,italian bees1 & by ! "t ! que51 :o w be well tak5 c>e ( by ! two h&fulls ( bees put ) h]1 is matur$1 ! black bees w h tak5 a lik+ to h]4 ,ab\t ?ree or five days aft] ! add+ ( ! que5-cell1 y mu/ look :e!r ! black bees h n =m$ que5 cells ( _! own specie1 if s1 !y mu/ be cut out4 ,!n1 ! foll[+ day1 ! fly-hole 9 ! little box :i* has be5 kept %ut is sl[ly op5$1 & ! black bees w gradually ent] into ! box & pay _! homage to ! new que54 ,to prev5t ! mat+ ( ! que5 ) a black drone1 a wire mu/ be atta*$ be=e ! fly-hole ( ! hive1 l>ge en\gh = ! que5 & bees to fly out 7= ! que5 only mates 9 ! op5 air7 b too small = drones1 :i* are 9 ! black hive2 !n ! /& mu/ be plac$ :]e ! ,italian "m-hive is1 until ! que5 is impregnat$4 ,9 ! same mann] all que5-cells are treat$ 7all b "o or two1 :i* are left 9 ! hive = ! purpose ( =m+ a sep>ate colony7 until all black hives are ,italianis$4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 a hive be impregnat$ :]e x is suppos$ any black drones exi/1 x mu/ be put on ! /& ( ! black bees1 s z to h only pure ,italian drones on ! ,italian bre$+ /&4 ,9 ?ree weeks1 ) only little practice1 ab\t fifty hives c be ,italianis$4 ,:5 done1 & all ! bees are provid$ ) que5s ( ,italian orig91 !n ! "w is mu* easi]1 z mean:ile1 ! "y mo!rs lay ,italian drone-eggs1 & ! black drones die1 or1 ! ,italian drones obta9 su* prepond]ance1 t a g5u9e impregnation is 9 mo/ cases c]ta94 ,= bre$+1 always *oose ! f9e/ "m1 if possible1 ( yell[ col\r1 hav+ previ\sly conv9c$ y\rself t %e has be5 impregnat$ g5u9ely1 t is1 by an ,italian drone1 & t %e bre$s1 z a pro(1 h&some yell[ work+ bees4 #h4 ,,bre$+ ,,( ,,drones4 ,to increase ! ,italian drones z fa/ z possible1 deprive ! ,italian "m ( a hive ( h] drone-cells1 & place in/ead1 empty cells = fur!r fill+ !m ) drone-brood1 :i* %e w d =?)4 ,! ,italian drone-brood hang into ! black hives = hat*+1 tak+ & de/roy+1 z mu* z possible1 _! own black-broods4 ,food mu/ n be sp>$ ) brood-hives1 z t w induce !m to cont9ue bre$+4 ,s prep>$1 comm5ces n[ ! prop] culture ( que5s4 ,= t purpose small que5-bre$+-boxes are requir$ = x is tr\blesome to s+le out a que5 9 a l>ge & popul\s hive & o!rwise n advantage\s to di/urb a /rong hive by ill-treatm5t4 ,! gr\nd-rules = ! c]ta9 pure-keep+ ( ! ,italian race1 consi/ always ( ?is3 to de/roy ! black drones1 & to increase ! ,italian ones4 ,!re=e1 x is bett] to take c>e t ! ,italian bees are plac$ on a /& :]e no black drones are all[$4 ,& if n[ ,g]man p are br\ght to /r5g!n ! ,italian colony !n let !m pass 9 review fir/ & kill ! black drones4 ,! "w c be made mu* easi] by lett+ ! bees run into any weak hive1 & only ?r\gh a n>r[ slit1 :5 only work+-bees c pass ?r\gh1 b is too n>r[ = drones1 s t ! drones c all be kept back4 ,! next day ! bees c be tak5 out ( ! hive aga9 & us$4 ,n only is ! object ga9$ to put away ! drones1 b ! bees are also disc\rag$1 s t !y c be jo9$ ) o!rs )\t difficulty4 ,%\ld !y h run into a hive depriv$ ( ! que51 or only provid$ ) que5-cells1 !y w be he>tily glad t a que5 is giv5 !m & w n leave h]4 ,! bees g5]ally become anxi\s & tame if ! drones & drone-brood are tak5 away4 ,endeav\r+ n[1 on ! "o h&1 to p]mit no black drones on ! ,italian /&1 :i* is kept = ! improvem5t ( ! races1 & to de/roy !m ) _! drone-brood & cells1 c>e mu/ be tak51 on ! o!r h&1 t ! ,italian bees bre$ ! l>ge/ possible quantity ( drones4 ,"s ass]t t ! ,italian que5s lay m drone-eggs ?an ! ,g]mans1 b t is n "r2 !y lay !m 9 ! same proportion z ! black bees b x c be =w>d$ by ! plac+ ( drone-bre$+-combs 9 ! bre$+-ne/2 = ! que5 to fill !m1 x is above all ?+s1 necess>y t ! hive be popul\s & ! wea!r fav\rable4 ,z soon z a drone-bre$+-comb is fill$1 x %\ld1 )\t delay1 be plac$ 9 a hive depriv$ ( ! que51 because ^? hives 9 _! que5less /ate1 seize ! opportunity to br+ up drones z if !y 7 aw>e t !y w\ld be necess>y = ! impregnation ( _! future que54 ,su* a hive seldom de/roys drone-brood2 :ile hives ) que5s1 z a g5]al rule1 on ! approa* ( bad wea!r1 te> out ! drone-brood & turn ! drones away4 ,b z soon z ! que51 int5d$ = ! drone-bre$+ hive1 is aga9 impregnat$1 ! drones w\ld be 9 dang] ( be+ turn$ out aga91 = 9 p>ticul>1 fre% impregnat$ que5s d away ) ! drones v quickly1 !re=e ! impregnat$ que5 mu/ be tak5 f ! drone-hive2 9 t way drone hives may be kept until late 9 ! autumn4 ,! que5s int5d$ = drone production1 p>ticul>ly 9 bad wea!r1 mu/ be /imulat$ ) food2 s t !y d n relax 9 lay+ eggs4 #i4 ,,! ,,que5-,,bre$+-,,hive4 ,?is is a small box ) moveable p>ts1 m or less l>ge does n matt]4 ,! pr9ciple ?+ is1 t !y are made ( equal wid?s t e comb ( ea* hive fits into any o!r hive4 ,ab\t twelve in*es long & six in*es broad & high 7t is squ>e7 might be ab\t ! "r size4 ,l5g?wise1 on ! top ( ! inn] sides1 fix two pieces ( wood1 ea* ab\t ?ree-eights ( an in* broad4 ,^! are ! support]s ( ! combs1 on :i* ! combs or *ips re/1 to be able to take out easily1 & to replace ea* comb sep>ately4 ,bett] /ill1 if small frames in/ead ( *ips are us$4 ,! top op5s upw>ds1 & to make x fit tight1 nail or pa/e s(t clo? or pap] r\nd ! edges4 ,9 ! top make a hole ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* s]ves z a fe$+ hole2 = su* little p want frequ5t fe$+1 else !y w (t5 entirely g away4 #aj4 ,,supply+ ,,( ,,! ,,que5-,,bre$+-,,hives4 ,no4 #a4 ,t "m :i* has be5 pick$ out z bre$+ bee mu/ be tak5 ) "p ( h] p & "s brood-combs1 honey-combs1 & empty ones1 until ! little box is q full1 & is !n plac$ on ! /& :]e ! ,italian bees & drones are kept4 ,aft] a few days1 ! que5 is tak5 ) a few combs ( brood & _! bees1 & is put into a bre$+-box4 ,no4 #b4 ,?is also %\ld well suppli$ ) honey1 empty combs & a few ripe bre$+-combs4 ,aft] a few days1 :5 ! que5 has e/abli%$ h]self well & has fill$ ! cells ) brood %e is to be aga9 tak5 out ) a few combs & "s p1 & =m a new colony4 ,no4 #c4 ,& s on1 until y h en\gh4 ,b nev] neglect to fe$ ^! little p well1#c p>ticul>ly ! "o :i* conta9s ! que54 ,footnote #c3 ,else x is to be expect$ t "s f9e day !y w take _! dep>ture1 :5 g5]ally e "o ( !m w leave1 = su* little colonies _c keep !mselves unless x be 9 ! high honey season4 ,mean:ile ! bre$+-box1 ,no4 #a1 depriv$ ( its que51 has prep>$ que5-cells1 :i* on ! t5? day are cut out1 except "o or two1 & =m likewise new colonies1#d ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! bees :i* adh]e to ! combs or ! brood1 & :i* gu>d ! cells1 are tak5 out ) !m4 ,! /r5g!n+ ( su* colonies is done be/ by hang+ 9 ( ripe brood ne> _! developm5t1 or by "y bees :i* always set on ! combs1 & :o att5d to ! real brood bus9ess4 ,footnote #d3 ,y mu/ endeav\r to ins]t ! que5-cells 9 ! middle ( a comb1 :]e ! mo/ ( ! bees ga!r2 x is done be/ by cutt+ a diamond-%ap$ piece out ( ! comb1 & !n1 loosely ins]t+ ! que5-cell cut to a simil> %ape4 ,if x 7 ins]t$ 9 ! l[] edge1 ! bees c\ld n cov] x on ! approa* ( cold wea!r1 & ! cell w\ld become cold & ! bee p]i%4 ,! same is done ) ! que5-cells ( ,no4 #b1 & s on4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to be well suppli$ ) all ! diff]5t /ages1 f ! egg to ! que51 s t !re are always ready ripe & half-ripe cells1 impregnat$ & unimpregnat$ que5s 9 all /ages4 ,if n[1 a que5 has crept out1 y mu/ wait until %e is impregnat$1 & has well suppli$ ! box ) brood1 !n take away ! que51 & put 9 f ano!r hive a ripe que5-cell2 :]e ! que5-cell has be5 tak5 f1 a few brood-combs mu/ be ins]t$1 s t no int]ruption takes place4 ,if a que51 tak5 away1 c always be replac$ by a ripe que5-cell1 fifte5 que5s may be produc$ f "o bre$+-box dur+ "o summ]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t !re is always "y brood 9 a que5-bre$+-box1 s t 9 case a que5 or que5-cell %\ld meet ) an accid5t1 ! bees h a sub/itute1 & no int]ruption c occur4 ,! brood is necess>y to ! bees & makes !m indu/ri\s4 ,!re=e1 nev] take a que5 f h] p until %e has well suppli$ !m ) eggs & brood4 ,frequ5t inspection is v necess>y1 = sometimes ev]y?+ may be ?\ght to be q 9 ord]1 & yet a hive has1 in/ead ( a que51 only work+ bees1 :o1 ?r\gh a long] deprivation ( _! que5 h !mselves comm5c$ to lay eggs b out ( :i* only drones are produc$1 to ! great disappo9tm5t ( ! cultivator4 ,?is disord] c soon be obs]v$1 = ! bees lay _m eggs & )\t ord] 9 "o cell1 :ile ! que5 lays only "o1 nev] m ?an two 9 "o cell4 ,su* a hive1 :]e ! bees h comm5c$ lay+ eggs1 may also be kn[n by bl[+ into x1 :5 ! bees w hum q holl[1 :ile 9 a hive ) a que51 ! humm+ is q lively & *e]ful4 ,if n too f> gone1 ! hive may be br\ght r\nd by ins]t+ a comb ( heal?y brood ) ! adh]+ "y bees2 b if x has gone too f>1 x mu/ be unit$ ) a heal?y hive1 else all tr\ble is lo/4 ,introduc$ que5s are kill$ by su* demoralis$ p4 #aa4 ,,res]v+ ,,( ,,que5-,,cells4 ,(t5 x w happ5 t !re are m que5-cells ?an c be us$ at ! mom5t1 = !y mu/ n be let ly+ ab\t long1 else !y w become cold2 & g5]ally ! brood mu/ be protect$ f cold4 ,su* que5-cells are plac$ s+ly into v small boxes1 if only ( ! size ( two walnuts1 & ^! boxes are put 9 any hive on a spot :]e a prop] degree ( w>m? is develop$1 say1 j above ! little rods :i* is reg>d$ by _m bee-cultivators z ! honey-room 9 ! moveable box4 ,!re !y c rema9 until want$4 ,t a small wire-grat+ is plac$ be=e ! little box is und]/ood1 s t if a que5 %\ld creep out unexpect$ly be=e requir$1 ! bees c fe$ h]4 ,if ! que5-cells %\ld h su/a9$ any little injury x mu/ be pat*$ aga9 directly ) a little wax4 ,! be/ way is to w>m a knife a little & to t\* ! cell slightly ) x1 ! wax-cov] is !n suffici5tly s(t5$ to repair ! damage4 ,l>g] injuries _c be rem$i$1 & "o _c be too c>eful 9 cutt+ !m out n to damage any ( !m4 #ab4 ,,que5-,,bre$+ ,,) ,,brood-,,comes4 ,a brood-comb may be tak5 f ! "m-hive1#e b always ) ! bees adh]+ !reto1 & c be put 9 a bre$+-box provid$ ) honey & empty combs4 ,?is is plac$ 9 ! room ( a popul\s hive1 to p x1 & aft] ! lapse ( t5 days ! que5-cells are full & cov]$2 !y are cut out z /at$ be=e4#f ,footnote #e3 ,?is is p>ticul> to be advis$ :5 !re is only "o ,italian que5 :i* mu/ be pres]v$ to bre$ drones4 ,footnote #f3 ,sometimes ! bees put _! que5-cells toge!r s close1 & 9 gr\ps1 or opposite to ea* o!r1 t (t5 x is n possible to cut ! cells = use )\t damag+ !m4 ,^! mu/ be left1 & wat* mu/ be kept = ! elev5 days1 &1 z soon a z "y que5 creeps out1 %e mu/ be tak5 away1 all1 b ! la/ yell[ "o :i* is left 9 ! hive4 ,if a piece ( ab\t an in* squ>e is cut (f1 crossways1 f bel[ ! edge ( a "y brood-comb full ( grub-eggs1 s t ! liquid ( ! brood runs out1 x g5]ally causes ! bees to fix _! que5-cells on t spot 9 ! be/ ord]4 #ac4 ,,add+ ,,( ,,que5s4 ,! add+ ( ! que5 to hives ( o!r races is done l ! add+ ( que5-cells4 ,fir/1 ! hive is depriv$ ( ! que51 !n ! que5 is put into ! box ) a little honey & two h&fulls ( h] own bees1 & ! box is !n plac$ 9 ! desir$ hive4 ,aft] f\r days x mu/ be se5 :e!r ! black bees h comm5c$ que5-cells4 ,if !y h n ! little fly-hole is op5$ :5 ! bees w unite & accept ! que54 ,b if que5-cells are =m$1 x is a pro( t ! bees are n yet incl9$ to accept ! new que54 ,all que5-cells mu/ n[ be cut out1 & wait a few days to make !m feel q =sak51 !n ! ,italian may be let 9 & w !n be fri5dly receiv$4 ,if que5s or que5-cells 7 introduc$ )\t reg>d1 !y w\ld all be bitt5 (f1 z ! ,italian & black bees are two diff]5t races :o hate ea* o!r4 ,x %\ld always be look$ to t ! que5 is fir/ impregnat$ be=e tak5 f h] own p to be giv5 to ano!r1 because1 unimpregnat$ que5s are m expos$ to ! dang] ( be+ kill$ ?an already impregnat$ ones1 :5 ! bees are assur$ ( h] hav+ desc5dants4 #ad4 ,,p>ticul> ,,rules4 ,to cause a suffici5t supply ( ,italian drones c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! hives ) ,italian mo!rs are always well provid$ ) drone-combs1 :i* w cause ! que51 :5 !y are plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! bre$+-lay]s1 to put 9 m drone-brood2 ! m s by cont9ual fe$+ ) liquid honey4 ,! cont9u\s fe$+1 ) prop] /r5g? ( p is ! mo/ effective way = ! production ( drones4 ,by ins]tion ( ripe bre$+-combs ne> ^u runn+ out a hive c be mo/ effectively & quickly /r5g!n$4 ,fur!r1 x mu/ be rem>k$ t1 z ! ,italian bees build l>g] cells ?an ! black bees1 x is well to give ! ,italians opportunity to beg9 build+ anew4 ,x is to be suppos$ t ^? :o h decid$ to introduce a /range race ( bees1 ,italians1 mu/ h "s k ( bee-cultivation1 & mu/ also possess bees ( _! own native race2 = "o :o has no idea at all ( ! high] bran*es ( bee-cultivation1 = him to introduce a /range race w\ld be money ?r[n away2 su* an "o w\ld d bett] to try 8 exp]im5ts on common bees until he is well practis$4 ,^? :o d n p>ticul>ly c>e to *ange all _! hives into pure ,italians c add ! ,italian que5-cells 9 a box to ! black bees1 & c ab&on ! que5 creep+ out to h] de/9y1 z to :i* drone %e w mate )4 ,al?\gh n _m ,italians are by ^? means ga9$ 9 ! fir/ ye>s1 !re w be pl5ty ( ba/>ds1 & = ! second ye> a v good f\ndation = ,italianiz+1 because ! /ock is already ,italian1 & ! ,italian elem5t prepond]ates4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to m>k ! orig9al "m well1 & only to obta9 po/]ity ?r\gh h]4 #ae4 ,,! ,,autumn ,,culture ,= que5s x is only s f> applicable1 z ! p]iod mu/ be wait$ = :5 ! black drones are kill$1 & c>e has be5 tak5 to res]ve only ,italian drones1 :i* is done by depriv+ "s ,italian hives ( _! que5s1 & also ( _! que5-cells1 s t !y _c bre$ any m que5s4 ,^! bees w n kill _! drones4 ,by abundant fe$+ bees c be induc$1 ev5 9 ! late autumn1 to bre$ drones & to suff] !m4 ,:5 ! drones are driv5 out ( a hive !y mu/ be put1 ) "s honey1 into a box suppli$ ) a wire-grat+1 & plac$ 9 a hive depriv$ ( its que54 ,aft] a few days !y are let loose & w !n soon get us$ to ! que5less bees4 ,!y may also be put into ! top ( a hive ) a que51 b !n1 !y mu/ be kept %ut 9 until want$ = use4 #af4 ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,spr+ ,que5s ( a pure race may be br$ ) advantage1 because ! ,italians bre$ drones two or ?ree weeks e>li] ?an ! black bees1 s t ! ,italian mo!rs c mate :5 !re are no ,g]man drones :atev]4 ,h[ev]1 ! f9e/ que5s are only obta9$ by wait+ ! natural "t :5 ! incl9ation = bre$+ exi/s2 f ab\t a =tnight be=e to a =tnight aft] sw>m+ "t4 #ag4 ,,boxes ,,)\t ,,moveable ,,p>ts4 ,^? :o are n 9 possession ( boxes ) movable p>ts1 b yet wi% to ,italianise _! native bees1 h mu* m tr\ble1 & mu/ leave x to *ance :e!r ! que51 br$ f ,italian brood1 w mate ) black or ,italian drones4 ,x is difficult & n ev]ybody's bus9ess to take ! f9i%$ que5-cells f su* hives2 b a clev] bee-cultivator w "k h[ to help himself ev5 !n4 ,9 su* a case all ! p 9 ! ,italian hive mu/ be driv5 out1 & ! hive put 9 ! place ( "o1 or bett]1 two /rong native hives1 dur+ ! "t ( _! /ronge/ flight1 & ! empty hive w be populat$ by ,g]man p1 :o imm$iately beg9 to make que5-cells4#g ,footnote #g3 ,"h1 too1 a wire-grat+ may be fix$ be=e ! fly-hole1 l>ge en\gh to p]mit free entrance to ! bees1 b too n>r[ = drones2 ?is w keep ! hive pure4 ,( c\rse1 z soon ! que5 makes h] mat+-flight1 ! hive is c>ri$1 9 ! ev5+1 aft] sunset1 to ! place :]e ! pure ,italians are until ! mat+ is ov]4 ,! two native hives are !n tak5 away & plac$ on ano!r /&1 or1 if !re is only "o1 on ! bottom %elf ( ! bee-h\se4 ,x is always bett] to take away all hives ) black drones1 s t "h are only ,italian drones fly+4 ,! loss ( p w d !m ! less damage1 z !y w\ld )\t t h _h to give out a sw>m4 ,9 ord] t ! =c$ or artificial sw>m f ! ,italian "m-hive may soon be 9 full /r5g?1 x is necess>y to put ! sw>m into a hive already fill$ ) combs1 :i* mu/ be well f$ to excite !m to bre$4 ,! sep>at$ ,italian hive is op5$ aft] sev5 days1 :5 ! que5-cells are ne>ly ripe1 & divid$ into z _m p>ts z !re are undamag$ que5-cells2 x is always bett] to give two cells to ea* "p1 s t if "o %\ld get hurt1 ! bees h ano!r "o ready4 ,ea* ( su* p>ts is tak5 ) ! bees adh]+ to !m & put ) "s empty honey-combs into an empty hive4 ,suppos+ !re 7 t5 su* p>ts ) que5-cells1 !n !re w\ld be t5 colonies4 ,b ^! alone w\ld give nei!r pr(it nor amusem5t1 & w\ld be altoge!r too weak to prosp]2 !y mu/ !re=e und]go a =c$ op]ation by be+ plac$ 9 ! room ( a popul\s hive1 t is1 9 ! place ( t5 native hives dur+ _! be/ flight1 keep+ a wire be=e ! :ole to keep out ! drones1 b admitt+ ! bees4 ,z at ! beg9n+1 ! bees ( ! black race w be r %y1 caution mu/ be _h to cle> ! entire front ( ! bees ( ! native race1 by putt+ !m ei!r high] or l[]2 by ^! means !y w lose ab\t z _m p z w\ld make a sw>m :i* !y w\ld h _h to give up all ! same1 & ! t5 new ,italian hives w all pr(it by x1 get /rong1 popul\s1 & w ?rive4 ,= z soon z ! bees1 return+ f ! field1 f9d no hive ( _! k9d 9 ! same front1 !y w at la/ become tame & ent] quietly ) ! ,italians4 ,b if ! bees com+ f ! field f9d only "o hive ( black bees 9 ! same front1 !y w inv>iably g 9 ! hive ( _! race left /&+4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to m5tion t ! drone-wire mu/ be suffici5tly l>ge to all[ ! que5 to pass4 ,on ! ?ird or f\r? day be=e ! "y que5 creeps out1 all new hives are br\ght :]e ! "m-hive1 or ! drones are kept = mat+2 or all ! hives ) black drones may be %ut up by a wire until ! mat+ is ov]4 ,to make sure t ! que5 on h] mat+-excursions w f9d drones imm$iately1 !re are ways to /imulate ! bees1 t !y w lead ! drones out e>ly 9 ! morn+2 x is done by fe$+ ! hive v e>ly ) ?9n$ honey1 :i* w cause ! drones to und]take an e>ly pleasure-trip on t day4 ,if !re be an opportunity to add to a new hive =m$ f eggs ( que5-cells an ,italian ripe drone-brood comb x is well to d s1 = by s do+ ! purity ( race is mu* insur$4 ,z said be=e1 ! great knack is1 to be prep>$ ) ! prop] numb] ( drones4 ,_m bee-cultivators make a great blund] 9 t respect1 9 cutt+ out ! drone-cells1 ?9k+ t !y are unnecess>y eat]s1 b n consid]+ t1 ! few] drones !re are on a /& ! great] ! dang] ( los+ que5s4 ,=1 natural en\gh1 ! que5 flies out to mate & to f9d a drone1 if %e f9ds "o imm$iately1 %e c return home directly & ! hive is sav$4 ,b if ! drones are sc>ce1 & ! que5 _c soon f9d a lov]1 %e w delay h] w$d+-j\rney1 or ev5 g home aga9 )\t hav+ ga9$ h] object2 & is1 !re=e1 oblig$ to repeat h] j\rneys4 ,! (t5] %e flies out1 & ! long] %e mu/ rema9 out1 ! m ! dang] t %e may be de/roy$ dur+ h] w$d+-t\r4 ,?is is well to be consid]$4 ,que5s :i* ,i plac$ to mate on a di/ant /&1 ) b few drones 7 always impregnat$ f eight to t5 days lat] ?an on ! pr9cipal /&1 :]e ! drones flew 9 abundance4 #ah4 ,,transport ,,( ,,que5s4 ,if _m que5s are produc$1 !y are pr9cipally br$ = pres5ts to o!r lov]s ( bees1 or = sale to ext5d ! race1 & by ! art to raise que5s e>ly x is 9 y\r p[] quickly to multiply a fav\rite race ( bees4 ,we w n[ give a few h9ts h[ que5s c be s5t to di/ances4 ,= t purpose1 take a box f\r in*es squ>e1 9 ! lid ( :i* make ?ree or f\r incisions or cuts1 to admit air to ! bees4 ,a piece ( cov]$ old honey is loosely wrapt up 9 blott+-pap] & nail$ firmly to ! bottom ( ! box4 ,t ! nail may n pass ?r\gh ! honey & ! honey gets loose & smo!r ! bees1 x is well to put a piece ( pa/ebo>d or lea!r1 ( ab\t two-in* squ>e "u ! head ( ! nail1 z a l9+4 ,!n put ! que5 ) a h&ful ( h] own p 7#ejj or #ajjj7 9 ! box & nail x d[n2 !n wrap a loose piece ( l95 r\nd ! box1 s t ! bees h suffici5t air1 b t ! light is some:at int]rupt$1 to keep !m quiet on ! j\rney4 ,! blott+-pap] mu/ be wrapt r\nd ! honey 9 su* a mann] t ! honey %[s at "o end t ! bees c gradually eat x up4 ,if1 nei!r blott+-pap] be us$1 nor ! honey nail$ d[n1 !re w\ld be risk t ! honey roll$ ab\t dur+ ! j\rney & smo!r$ ! bees1 or run out ( ! comb & dr[n ! bees 9 x4 ,! blott+-pap] takes up any honey run out1 s t ! bees c only gradually eat x up4 ,x mu/ be well und]/ood t a que5 is n s5t be=e %e is impregnat$1 t is1 until %e has laid eggs4 ,^! boxes w /& a j\rney ( t5 days4 #ai4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,unit+ ,,bees4 ,ano!r caution mu/ be obs]v$ on unit+ ( two bee-colonies4 ,bees are naturally av>ici\s & !re=e p]mit e bee1 ev5 a /rang]1 lad5 ) honey to ent]4 ,?is is a h9t1 & advantage mu/ be tak5 ( ?is _! passion4 ,be=e two colonies are jo9$ toge!r1 take c>e t ! bees :i* are to be add$ are q satiat$ ) honey4 ,x does n matt] if bo? p>ties h be5 previ\sly well f$1 = !n !y are n s capable ( beg9n+ to fight4 ,bees1 well fill$ ) honey are ev]y:]e welcome1 & :5 ! bees h dis*>g$ _! burd5s 9 ! cells !y frat]nise & =get all qu>rels4 ,honey is !re=e a v good means ( union4 ,b to spr9kle ! bees only ) honey1 or honey-wat]1 produces j ! contr>y effect2 !y become irritat$ & impassion$ & kill ea* o!r4 ,if1 !re=e1 y desire success1 give !m honey to _! he>t's cont5t4 ,if a hive is to be driv5 out1 /op up loosely ! pr9cipal hole1 bl[ a little smoke into x1 !n turn x ov] & knock x g5tly = ab\t t5 m9utes2 ! object w ?us be ga9$1 because ! bees1 anticipat+ ! dang]1 w make ha/e to provide !mselves ) food = ! j\rney4 ,a bee c suck 9 d\ble h] weight 9 provision4 ,a v sure way to /r5g!n ,italian que5s ) ,g]man p is1 t ! ,italian que5 ) h] company1 & a few combs are put into a box1 &1 gradually1 brood ne>ly runn+ out is introduc$3 n all at once1 b e "o or two combs1 s t ! brood runn+ out is /rong en\gh to cov] ! brood 9 /ore4 ,by s do+ ! que5 w h an increase ( p :o w adh]e to h]1 n hav+ kn[n ano!r que5 yet4 ,?is way ( /r5g!n+ is ! safe/1 only too _m combs mu/ n be put 9 at "o "t1 because !n1 ! que5 ) h] weak p c\ld n produce suffici5t w>m? = ! entire hat*+ ( ! brood4 ,!re is ano!r way to be recomm5d$4 ,! ,italian que5 ) h] p are put 9 ! box1 int5d$ = ! purpose1 ) a suffici5t numb] ( combs1 empty & full ( honey4 ,!n bees )\t a que51 or :i* h be5 depriv$ ( ! que5 "o1 or a few days previ\s1 & h be5 conf9$ )\t ! lea/ brood or combs are let into ! ,italians ?r\gh a small hole1 s t only "o at a "t c g 9 & mu/1 s to say1 beg h] admittance4 ,hives :]e ! que5 has be5 tak5 f1 b :i* h "y brood or que5-cells1 are n to be call$ depriv$ ( _! que51 !y h ev5 ! be/ hopes to br+ up1 9 a %ort "t1 sev]al que5s2 = t reason !y kill any new introduc$ que54 #bj4 ,,! ,,fe$+ ,is always done be/ f above ) a bottle1 ! m\? ( :i* is ti$ ov] ) loose l951 s t ! bees c always suck 9 ! honey )\t attract+ robb]s4 #ba4 ,,! ,,orig9al ,,"m ,,bee ,mu/ be p>ticul>ly c>efully pres]v$ to h always1 9 case ( any cross-bre$+1 "o que5 ( und\bt$ purity4 ,to make q sure ! que5 c be m>k$ by clipp+ "o ( ! w+s2 %e c !n be easy recognis$4 ,x is m c]ta9 to procure e ye> or two an orig9al ,italian hive1 f _! native place1 ) :i* to fre%5 up ! race4 ,^? :o h opportunities to sell ,italian bees1 :i* is almo/ ev]y:]e ! case1 w f9d x m ?an en\gh to _! advantage1 z ?is little extra exp5se places !m 9 position to bre$ pure que5s ) ! greate/ c]ta9ty1 & !y w be enabl$ to s]ve _! cu/om]s always ) g5u9e ,italian ,alp-bees1 & consequ5tly increase _! sale4 ,a que5 ( ! ,italian species lives g5]ally f ?ree to f\r ye>s1 (t5 to five ye>s4 ,!re=e1 ) "s c>e1 :at has be5 miss$ ! fir/ ye>1 may1 at any rate1 be made good ! second ye>1 if "o kn[s h[ to save & pres]ve ! "m or bre$+--que54 ,illu/ration ,,app5dix4 ------------- ,,g5u9e ,,italian ,,alp-,,bees4 ,illu/ration ,i h appo9t$ my fri5ds1 ,messrs4 ,geo4 ,neighb\r & ,sons1 ( #abg1 ,holborn1 & #adi1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,london1 my sole ag5ts = ,engl&1 & !y w take ord]s1 ,i und]tak+ to execute ! same1 at ! foll[+ *>ges--! co/ ( c>riage to paid by ! pur*as]4 ,a ,,"y1 ,,yell[1 ,,impregnat$ ,,que51 ,,f ,,m>* #ae ,,to ,,april #cj1 ,) #ejj ,bees1 = #bj %ill+s2 ) #ajjj ,bees1 = #bb %ill+s2 ) #ejjj ,bees1 = #ce %ill+s3 ,,f ,,may #a ,,to ,,june #ca1 ,) #ejj ,bees1 = #ae %ill+s2 ) #ajjj ,bees1 = #ag %ill+s2 ) #ejjj ,bees1 = #cj %ill+s3 ,,f ,,july #a ,,to ,,augu/ #ca1 ,) #ejj ,bees1 = #aj %ill+s2 ) #ajjj ,bees1 = #ab %ill+s2 ) #ejjj ,bees1 = #be %ill+s3 ,,f ,,septemb] #a ,,to ,,novemb] #cj1 ,) #ejj ,bees1 = #h %ill+s2 ) #ajjj ,bees1 = #aj %ill+s2 ) #ejjj ,bees1 = #bj %ill+s4 ,que5s less f9e1 "y z well z old1 co/ #b francs ea* less ,,pure ,,g]man ,,que5s1 ,,till ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,june1 ,) #ejj ,bees1 = #f %ill+s2 ) #ajjj ,bees1 = #h %ill+s2 ) #ejjj ,bees1 = #ae %ill+s3 ,,f ,,july #a ,,to ,,novemb] #cj1 ,) #ejj ,bees1 = #c %ill+s2 ) #ajjj ,bees1 = #d %ill+s2 ) #ejjj ,bees1 = #f %ill+s4 ,illu/ration ,,italian ,,drones1 ,,till ,,july #cj1 #b %ill+s p] #ajj3 ,,f ,,augu/ #a ,,to ,,octob] #cj1 #c %ill+s p] #ajj4 ,illu/ration ,,unimpregnat$ ,,"y ,,italian ,,que5s1 #f %ill+s ea*4 ,illu/ration ,,italian ,,que5 ,,cells1 #c %ill+s ea*4 ,a ,,proportionate ,,disc\nt ,,on ,,l>ge ,,ord]s ,! ,bees are only provid$ ) suffici5t honey = ! j\rney4 ,%\ld a que5 die on ! j\rney1 ,i s5d ano!r = half ! price4 ,z pro(1 ! dead que5 mu/ be s5t to me 9 a lett]4 ,tam9s1 ,canton ,graubund51 ,h4 ,c4 ,,h]mann1 ,bee ,cultivator4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,ric9us ,,silkworm4 ,illu/ration ,?is worm is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$1 z x w fe$ readily on l9d5 leaves 7,dipsacus7 & ,ric9us ?i/les1 & !re=e augurs a great future1 z ! difficulty ( gr[+ mulb]ry trees 9 our nor!rn clime 0 ! *ief h9drance4 ,by ! introduction ( ?is worm all is rem$i$1 & ! agriculturi/ anticipates a brilliant future2 he w soon be able to dress 9 silk in/ead ( tick4 ,! silk ( ?is worm is n z f9e1 b q z good1 & m productive ?an t ( ! g5u9e silkworm4 ,i sell ^! insects3 ,eggs1 #ac %ill+s p] doz54 ,*rysalis1 #c %ill+s ea*4 ,mo?s1 #e %ill+s ea*4 ,&1 ,pr9t$ ,in/ructions1 #a %ill+4 ,,london3 ,w4 ,,o/ell1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,h>t ,,/reet1 ,,bloomsbury4 ,,george ,,neighb\r ,,son',s ,,catalogue4 #f4 ,,an ,,improv$ ,,cottage ,,hive4 ,precisely ! same 9 con/ruction z ! ,no4 #e describ$ above1 b )\t w9d[s or !rmomet]4 ,price1 complete1 #a4 #hs4 #g4 ,,! ,,ladies' ,,obs]vatory ,,hive4 ,is ( /\t glass & admits ( "o bellglass = deprivation1 ) a cov] ( /raw = ! :ole1 is admirably adapt$ = witness+ ! lab\r & progress ( its indu/ri\s inmates1 & is an int]e/+ addition to ! cons]vatory or gre5h\se 9 :i* x may easily be plac$4 ,price1 complete1 #c1 #es4 #h4 ,,! ,,cottag] ,s ,,hive4 ,is int5d$ = ! use ( cottag]s1 & consi/s ( ?ree common /raw ,hives ) floorbo>d2 x is recomm5d$ to ^? ,api>ians :o are desir\s ( sett+ _! poor] neighb\rs 9 ! way ( keep+ bees1 on ! improv$ sy/em )\t de/ruction4 ,price1 #ajs4 #f;d4 #i #aj4 ,,bee ,,fe$]s4 ,no4 #i1 is int5d$ to fit a draw] "u wood ,hives4 ,price1 #es4 ,no4 #aj1 is = ,hives ei!r ( wood or /raw1 & is us$ on ! top ( ! /ock ,hive4 ,z9c1 price1 #ds4 ,9 e>!nw>e1 #dc1 #f;d4 #aa #ab4 ,,fumigators4 ,us$ ) ! prep>$ ,fungus1 = unit+ weak /ocks1 c4 ,price1 #bs4 & #bs4 #f;d4 #ac4 ,,honeycutt]s4 ,= easily cutt+ out ! comb4 ,price1 #es4 p] pair4 #ad4 ,,taylor',s ,,improv$ ,,cottage ,,hive4 ,z describ$ page #afc1 ,bee ,keep]'s ,manual4 ,price1 #a4 ,is4 ,) ,/&1 #a4 #ajs4 #ae4 ,,f\nta9 ,,bee ,,fe$]s4 ,price1 #fs4 #ag4 ,,s+le ,,b> ,,hive4 ,! ,/ock ,hive is furni%$ ) sev5 moveable b>s1 & admits ( sup] ,hives or glasses4 ,vide page #fa1 '',bee ,keep]'s ,manual1'' ,price #b4 #abs4 ,/&1 #hs4 #ah4 ,,eight ,,b> ,,/raw ,,hive4 ,simil> 9 its arrangem5ts to ,no2 #c1 ) an out] cov] ( /raw4 ,price1 complete ) ,/&1 c41 #c4 #abs4 ,! ,/ock ,hive maybe obta9$ sep>ate4 ,price1 ) floor bo>d1 #aes4 #ai4 ,,hub]',s ,,book ,,or ,,leaf ,,hive4 ,price1 #b4 #eh4 #bj4 ,,neighb\r',s ,,pat5t ,,unicomb ,,obs]vatory ,,hive4 ,is a great novelty1 be+ con/ruct$ ) glass sides1 admitt+ ( "o comb only ,! que5 bee & ! hidd5 my/]ies ( ! hive are cont9ually expos$ to ! full light ( day2 x is furni%$ ) d\ble glass to keep up an uni=m degree o3 heat4 ,price1 9 poli%$ oak1 #c4 #cs4 #bb4 ,,gold+',s ,,grecian ,,hive4 ,price1 complete ) ?ree glasses1 adapt+ bo>d1 c41 #a4 #fs4 #bc4 ,,taylor',s ,,divid+ ,,hive4 ,is fitt$ ) eight moveable b>s1 & takes ap>t 9 ! c5tre1 = ! purpose ( =m+ artificial sw>ms4 ,two ,hives =m ! set complete4 ,price1 #b4 #ajs4 #bd4 ,,cov] ,,( ,,z9c ,,= ,,bee ,,hives4 ,price1 #gs4 #f;d4 to #ajs4 ,ornam5tal cov]s correspond+ 9 /yle ) ! v>iety ( ,beehives h]e9 describ$ may also be obta9$4 ,bee ,h\ses1 ,cov]s 9 all sizes1 c41 made to ord]4 #be4 ,,flat ,,top ,,bell ,,glasses4 ,) v5tilat+ tube1 #ab 94 wide & #f 94 deep1 #gs4 #f;d42 #aj 94 wide & #f 94 deep1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,payne's ,glass1 #cs1 #f;d4 ,,bell ,,glasses4 #bf4 ,to conta9 #aj lbs41 #aj 94 high1 #g 94 wide4 ,price #es4 #j;d4 #bg4 #f #g #e #bs4 #f;d4 #bh4 #c #e #d #as4 #f;d4 #bi4 ,a new %ape )\t knob1 may be plac$ on ! table inv]t$1 ) lid #e 94 by #f 94 ,price1 #ds4 #f;d4 #cj4 ,,%all[ ,,glasses4 ,be+ s mu* pref]able = ! ,bees /or+ honey1 ,g4 ,n4 & ,son h introduc$ ?is season a new %ape1 made ( two sizes )\t knobs1 #i 94 wide & #d 94 deep1 #ds4 #f;d42 #ac 94 wide & #d 94 deep4 ,price1 #es1 #f;d4 #ca4 ,,bee ,,dress ,,or ,,protector4 ,to prev5t be+ /ung :5 op]at+ on ! ,bees4 ,price1 #es11 by po/ #fs4 #ca4 ,,! ,,cyl9drical ,,%all[ ,,wood ,,hive ,is v>ni%$1 & w be f\nd m durable ?an /raw2 glasses or small hives work$ on top4 ,?is ,hive is only adapt$ = a bee h\se1 or :]e ! protection is equival5t to "o2 simil> 9 pr9ciple to ,no1 #ah4 ,price ( hive & floor bo>d1 #aes42 if fitt$ ) b>s1 #afs4 #f;d4 ,common ,/raw ,hives #b #f ,small ditto sup] ditto #b #f ,small ,wood5 ,sup] ,hives ) w9d[ #c #f ,floorbo>ds ea* #bs1 #f;d1 & #c #j ,x is /rongly recomm5d$ t all beehives be plac$ "u cov]1 to protect !m f ! sun & ra91 & t _! entrance be 9 a s\?-ea/]n aspect4 ,treatise on ! ,humane ,managem5t ( ,honey ,bees1 by ,t4 ,nutt #aj ,bee ,keep]'s ,manual1 by ,h4 ,taylor #d ,! ,bee ,keep]'s ,guide1 by ,i4 ,h4 ,payne #d ,prep>$ ,fungus 9 ,packets 7maybe s5t by ,po/ = #b;d extra7 #a ,!rmomet]s = ,nutt's ,hives 7,collat]al ,boxes7 #aj ,ditto ditto 7,middle ,box7 #e ,ditto = ,cottage ,hives #d ,z9c ,slides1 ,v5tilators1 c41 9 sets1 = ,nutt's ,hives #aj 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]s ,note ,! orig9al own] ( ! book1 ,francis ,d>w91 decid$ to pa/e a v l>ge bookplate cov]+ ! fir/ ?ree p>agraphs ( ! ,preface4 ,a ?or\gh se>* ( ! ,int]net did n reveal any o!r copy ( ?is volume4 ,s1 ?is notice is copi$ !re4