,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,old or antiquat$ spell+s h be5 pres]v$4 ,typographical & punctuation errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,,greek ,,prim] ,illu/ration ,,greek ,,prim] ,,colloquial ,,& ,,con/ructive ,,by ,j4 ,,/u>t ,,blackie ,,em]itus ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,greek ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ed9burgh ,scrib5do dicimus dilig5tius1 dic5do scribimus facilius4 ,,qu9ctilian4 ,london ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 ,,& ,,new ,,york #ahia ,all rights res]v$ ,,preface ,"o _c h mov$ mu* 9 ! _w )\t he>+ compla9ts1 bo? f p>5ts & "y p]sons1 ab\t ! am\nt ( "t & bra9 sp5t 9 ! le>n+ ( languages1 & ! little pr(it d]iv$ f ?is outlay4 ,^! compla9ts1 no d\bt1 arise p>tly f ! want ( judgm5t on ! "p ( ! p>5ts1 & ! want ( capacity & incl9ation on ! "p ( _! "y hopefuls3 p>5ts (t5 act+ ?\ghtlessly on ! vulg> notion t f> birds h fair fea!rs1 & pref]r+ :at is =eign to :at is native1 & :at lies at a great di/ance 9 "t or space to :at is ne>2 & "y p]sons be+ =c$ to submit !mselves to a grammatical indoctr9ation 9 :i* !y feel no int]e/1 & f :i* !y d]ive no b5efit4 ,b x is no less true t ^! compla9ts are due 9 no small measure to false me?ods ( l+ui/ic tra9+ g5]ally1 or to "s *]i%$ prejudices 9 fav\r ( c]ta9 languages on ! "p ( ! tea*]s2 & x becomes !re=e1 at ! pres5t day1 a matt] ( great practical importance to inquire h[ f> our traditional me?ods ( tea*+ languages are 9 con=mity ) ! me?od ( ,nature 9 h] great art ( ?\ght-utt]ance1 & h[ f> !y may ju/ly be call$ on to submit !mselves to a revision & a recon/itution4 ,we say at ! pres5t day emphatically1 because x is q evid5t t education1 foll[+ 9 ! tra9 ( democratic re=m1 is "o ( ! wat*words ( ! h\r1 to :i* e good citiz5 mu/ l5d an ob$i5t e>2 & n only s1 b circum/ances h s *ang$ s9ce our s*ool+ receiv$ its traditional =m1 t ! wants :i* 7 satisfi$ by our s*ool curriculum & s*ool practice 9 ! days ( ,milton & ,locke n[ dem& an altoge!r diff]5t treatm5t4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! s-call$ le>n$ languages1 two hundr$ ye>s ago ! only m$ium ( culture to an accompli%$ ,engli% g5tleman1 h n[ become ! luxury ( ! leisurely1 or ! ars5al ( ! pr(essional few1 :ile o!r languages1 su* z ,g]man1 n nam$ 9 ^? days1 are n[ s\ght aft] z ! keys to ! mo/ valuable /oreh\ses ( all sorts ( k4 ,add to ?is t ,great ,brita91 :i* 0 !n a second>y naval p[]1 & foll[+ ! ,fr5* & ! ,spani>ds sl[ly 9 ! great _w-trans=m+ process ( colonisation1 is n[ mi/ress ( a _w-wide empire f ! ,ganges to ,vanc\v] ,isle1 ?r\gh :i* /ret* %e ex]cises a dom9ant influ5ce1 comb9+ ! political virtue ( anci5t ,rome ) ! comm]cial activity ( ,c>?age4 ,9 ^! circum/ances x becomes ! special duty ( e ,briti% man to acquire a famili> k ( ! languages ( ! v>i\s races ) :i* he may be br\ght into political or comm]cial relations2 &1 z languages aft] all are n valuable 9 !mselves1 b only z tools by :i* effective "w 9 c]ta9 fields falls to be p]=m$1 we ought to see to x1 bo? t we get ! prop] tools = do+ ! "w1 & t we le>n to use !m 9 su* fa%ion z to "w pleasantly & pr(itably2 & 9 ?is view x may be truly said t1 :ile ! wrong language 9 ! wrong place is ( no use at all1 ev5 ! "r language 9 ! "r place1 :5 imp]fectly le>n$1 is a tool ) :i* ! be/ workman c d only bad "w1 & p]haps cut 8 own f+]s 9 ! process4 ,z language is a function :i* belongs z mu* to e normal human creature z see+ or he>+1 !re c be no difficulty 9 f9d+ out ! me?od ( ,nature 9 its acquisition4 ,we h to answ] only two que/ions3 fir/1 ,:at are ! factors ( ! process by :i* ! human babe1 f be+ capable m]ely ( in>ticulate cries1 l any ( ! l[] animals1 is develop$ into an easy & graceful manipulator ( articulate spee*8 & aga91 ,h[ f>1 & 9 :at respects1 does ?is model require to be modifi$ 9 ord] to enable ! exp]t h&l]s ( ! "m tongue to use any second or ?ird language ) l exp]tness8 ,t ?is _c be a v difficult matt] dem&s no f>-s\ght induction to prove1 z ! fact lies be=e u2 = f ! ,greeks 9 ! ,s\?-,ea/ to ! ,highl&]s 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ we f9d bil+ual & tril+ual peoples l>gely scatt]$ ov] ,europe4 ,x is 9 fact z easy to le>n two or ?ree languages z to le>n "o1 if only ! le>n] be habitually submitt$ to ! natural influ5ces1 & guid$ by ! /eps ( a natural process4 ,:at !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 are ! /eps ( ! process :i* analysis pres5ts z elevat+ ! in>ticulate babe to ! significant-speak+ boy or girl8 ,!re is 7#a7 ! direct connection ( c]ta9 objects ) c]ta9 s\nds & ge/ures2 7#b7 ^! objects are su* z /& 9 ! ne>e/ relation to ! le>n]1 & are pres5t$ to him 9 an atmosph]e ( ! mo/ natural & mo/ pleasant surr\nd+s2 7#c7 ! imitative faculty1 by :i* he appropriates ! prop] s\nds1 is enc\rag$ & *]i%$ by frequ5t repetition1 till ! orig9al impression becomes p]man5tly /amp$ into 8 s\l1 &1 s to speak1 jumps up spontane\sly ) ! object4 ,let u1 9 ! next place1 ask h[ f> ?is *ild's l+ui/ic ladd] is affect$ by ! p]=m] be+ an adult4 ,manife/ly ! diff]5ce lies only 9 "o po9t1 & t altoge!r 9 fav\r ( ! adult1 viz4 ! application ( a regulat$ sy/em to ! accid5tal sequ5ces by :i* ! *ild le>ns its "m tongue1 easily inde$ & pleasantly1 b sl[ly2 = he le>ns n ar*itecturally z a mason builds a h\se1 b by ! way1 z "o picks up a pebble on ! %ore or a daisy f ! mead[2 :]eas ! adult1 ) 8 firm w & 8 reasonable purpose1 wi%+ to le>n a language c submit himself to a reasonable & a calculat$ treatm5t2 & 9 s do+ exp]i5ce has %[n t 9 fav\rable circum/ances1 & "u wise tra9+1 he c le>n a =eign language m p]fectly 9 six mon?s ?an a *ild c d 9 z _m ye>s4 ,:y !n1 y ask1 is ?is n always done8 ,:y does x seem su* a difficult bus9ess to acquire a famili> k ( any =eign language1 & :y is s mu* bra9 & s mu* "t sp5t s frequ5tly on _! acquisition ) su* scanty results8 ,! answ] c be only "o3 because y\r tea*] has ignor$ ! me?od ( ,nature1 & giv5 y a bad sub/itute = x 9 8 own devices2 in/ead ( speak+ to y & mak+ y respond1 9 direct connection ( ! old object ) ! new s\nd1 & ?us =m+ a liv+ bond betwe5 ! ?9k+ s\l1 ! p]ceptive s5se1 & ! significant utt]ance1 he s5ds y to a book1 !re to cram y\rself ) dead rules & lifeless =mulas ab\t ! language1 9 ! middle ( :i* he ought to h plant$ y at ! />t4 ,! evil results ( ?is neglect ( ! liv+ model ( ,nature are only too manife/4 ,books are useful1 b !y are only second>y2 9 all matt]s ( obs]vation & practical ex]cise !y may =m an apt accompanim5t or a supplem5t1 b !y nev] c supplant ! vital function ( :i* !y are only ! dead record4 ,no "o le>ns danc+1 or f5c+1 or golf1 or lawn-t5nis f a book4 ,! evils caus$ by ?is unnatural delegation ( ! "w ( a liv+ tea*] to ! =mulas ( a dead book are ?ree3 7#a7 ,! direct connection betwe5 ! reasonable s\l & ! new articulate sign ( ! object is lo/2 ! le>n] does n %ake h&s1 s to speak1 ) ! object1 b he cumb]s himself ) ! phraseology ( 8 "m tongue1 & in/ead ( say+ at once 1 give me bread1 he mu/ fir/ ask :at is ! ,greek = bread4 ,9 ?is way ! new t]m rema9s a /rang] to 8 ?\ght1 & he uses x uncom=tably1 z :5 a man puts on a pair ( %oes :i* h only an occasional acqua9tance ) 8 feet4 7#b7 ,!n aga91 :51 aft] be+ suffici5tly tortur$ ) m]e grammatical =ms1 he acquires a c]ta9 vocabul>y f ! elem5t>y read+ books1 ! objects = :i* ?is vocabul>y supplies ! new names are seldom ! objects ) :i* he is famili>ly surr\nd$ & 9 :i* he has a liv+ int]e/1 b !y relate to some?+ ,julius ,cs> did 9 ,gaul or ,cic]o said 9 ,rome "s #bjjj ye>s ago1 a region ( /range s\nds1 9 :i* ! l+ui/ic neophyte ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury has no p>ticul> incl9ation to move1 & to :i* 8 memory _c ally itself ) any feel+ ( k9%ip2 & he easily =gets ! ^w1 because he does n c>e = ! ?+4 ,b 7#c7 ev5 :5 he does c>e = ! ?+1 ! m]e read+ ( a lesson e day does n 9 ! lea/ ensure t frequ5t repetition ( a new vocable 9 connection ) an object1 on :i* ! famili> k ( a language dep5ds2 :]eas1 if ! tea*] _h comm5c$ by mak+ 8 s*oolroom an e*o-*amb] ( daily repeat$ s\nds 9 connection ) int]e/+ & famili> objects directly 9 ! view ( ! le>n] or ne> to 8 daily life1 famili>ity ) a new language1 be x ,greek or be x ,g]man1 w\ld come z naturally & z pleasantly to a clev] lad ( sev5te5 z ! use ( ! "m tongue to a da9ty girl or a rattl+ boy ( sev54 ,^! ?+s be+ s1 & ! me?od ( ,nature be+ s pla9 9 ! matt]1 we n[ ask :at are ! causes t h l$ s _m ( our tea*]s1 ev5 ! mo/ accompli%$ ( _! class1 to neglect s infallible a guide1 & to foll[ me?ods ( l+ui/ic inculcation equally unpleasant 9 ! process & unpr(itable 9 ! result8 ,^! causes1 =tunately1 are z pat5t z ! consequ5ces to :i* !y h l$4 ,! fir/ cause is ignorance4 ,9 n a few ( our educational in/itutions x is to be fe>$ !re are tea*]s--an ov]-work$ & "u-paid class--:o are employ$ to tea* languages ( :i* !y h only a v sup]ficial k & no firm hold4 ,) p]sons ( ?is class ! :ole process ( l+ui/ic tra9+ am\nts to ?is1 ,read y\r book1 ,get y\r lesson1 & ,i w he> y4 ,( a liv+ appeal f ! tongue ( ! tea*] & a liv+ response f ! tongue ( ! le>n] ^! g5tlem5 h no conception4 ,!y mu/ d ! mo/ !y c1 conf9e !mselves )9 page & *apt] ( a pr9t$ book1 :]e !y require no k beyond ! m>k$ limits ( ! lesson1 & :]e ! scant9ess ( _! l+ui/ic furniture & ! feebl5ess ( _! l+ui/ic vitality _c be expos$4 ,let !m pass4 ,b :at ( ! m5 ( high accompli%m5t1 exact s*ol>%ip1 & f9e ta/e3 :y %\ld !y scorn ! practice :i* is ! f\ndation ( ! rules1 & ! conv]sation :i* made great spee*es & great poems be=e rules or s*ools 7 he>d (8 ,simply because !y h =gott5 ! lesson taught 9 a well-kn[n dialogue ( ,plato1#a t ! pr9t$ pap]s :i* we call books1 useful = record1 are r prejudicial ?an pr(itable to ! culture ( memory2 !y h become ! slaves ( _! tools1 & defraud$ ! e> & ! tongue ( _! natural rights 9 ! field ( significant spee* by a :olesale transf]5ce ( _! functions to ! eyes4 ,! s*ol>1 9 _! conception1 is a read+ animal1 & )\t books he is n[h]e4 ,:y !n1 !y w argue1 :5 our object is to read & to und]/& books1 %\ld we tr\ble ourselves ) conv]sation8 ,we d n le>n ,lat9 9 ord] to talk ) ,cs> & ,cic]o1 b to read _! books2 & 9 l mann] we d n /udy ,g]man to dr9k be] & smoke pipes & s+ songs ) rollick+ /ud5ts 9 a kneipe1 b to pond] ) _m-sid$ ?\ght ov] ! poems ( ,goe! or ! speculations ( ,hegel4 ,s be x4 ,let books & n liv+ conv]se be ! f9al end ( ! /udy ( languages2 s !y c]ta9ly are ) ! dead languages2 b ev5 ) reg>d to !m x is q c]ta9 t ! famili>ity & frequ5t repetition :i* are ! special virtues ( ! conv]sational me?od bo? r5d] ! ma/]y ( books1 z 9 ! case ( ! "m tongue1 m complete1 & ! hold ( ! pr9t$ signature at once m firm 9 ! grasp & m easy 9 ! approa*4 ,b "s "o w say1 ,does n speak+ 9 a language imply ?9k+ 9 x1 & is n ?9k+ 9 a =eign tongue "o ( ! mo/ difficult & r>e atta9m5ts ev5 ) ! mo/ accompli%$ l+ui/s8 ,n at all4 ,! difficulty lies m]ely 9 />t+ f ! wrong end & foll[+ ! false direction ?us giv5 till x culm9ates 9 ! p]si/5cy ( a bad habit & ! imag9ation ( an impossibility4 ,x is z easy to look ! ,sun 9 ! face & say 1 ,,%emi%1 z to say ,,sun1 & !re is no m difficulty 9 say+ 1 ?an 9 say+1 take ! pok] & /ir ! fire4 ,9 bo? cases ! direct connection ( ?\ght1 ?+1 & ^w is equally obvi\s1 equally easy1 & equally natural2 only at ! />t ! habit ( ?9k+ exclusively 9 ! "m tongue mu/ be brok54 #a ,pha$rus1 #bge ,e4 ,!re is "o o!r objection to ! conv]sational me?od 9 ! tea*+ ( languages1 viz4 t x makes a man a p>rot4 ,well1 a p>rot is an imitative animal1 & s is a man1 & s f> mu/ n be a%am$ to own 8 k9%ip ) ! plumy prattl]4 ,b he is a p>rot & some?+ m2 & ?is some?+ m e s5sible tea*] w take into acc\nt4 ,= myself1 ,i h no pref]5ce = r&om talk3 my cont5tion is = regulat$ talk2 ! talk fir/ & ! regulation aft]w>ds1 9 ! ord] ( gradation s succ9ctly /at$ by ,"l ,bacon--speak+ makes a ready man1 read+ makes a full man1 writ+ makes an accurate man2--all ! ?ree4 ,b h y\r nails fir/ be=e y p>e !m2 ?is is ! common s5se ( ! matt]4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h a ^w or two to say ) reg>d to ! occasion & ! plan ( ?is little book4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :atev] may be said ( ,hebrew or ,lat91 ,greek is a liv+ language1 & mu/ be treat$ z su* ev5 by ^? :o p]si/ 9 ! notion t1 :ile ! me?od ( liv+ vocal appeal applies 9 its full ext5t to mod]n languages1 x is c]ta9ly out ( place 9 ! treatm5t ( ! two anci5t languages :i* ju/ly claim ! fir/ place 9 ! l+ui/ic culture ( our highe/ s*ools4 ,! delusion t ,greek is a dead language1 spr++ z x does ma9ly out ( our 8insul> ignorance10 z ,pr(essor ,seeley calls x1 & p>tly1 ,i fe>1 our national insol5ce1 w be dispell$ 9 a mom5t by a glance at any curr5t ,greek newspap]2 z = in/ance ! foll[+ p>agraph1 ! fir/ t met my eye1 f ! #b;d ,novemb] numb] ( ! ,a!nian 810 giv+ a %ort notice ( ! application ( ,ko*'s rem$y = consumption4 4 4 4 #abj1jjj1jjj 1 #e 7#j7j 1 #f1jjj1jjj 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 ,any p]son :o c read classical ,greek )\t a diction>y w h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ ?is passage2 &1 if he is famili> ) ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! orig9al1 he w f9d t "s ( ! pr9cipal peculi>ities :i* di/+ui% ! ,greek us$ by ! liv+ political & public m5 ( ,a!ns1 s f> f be+ corruptions1 are no less di/9ctive features ( ! ( ! ,greeks n[ ?an !y 7 9 ! days ( ! ,apo/le ,paul & ! ,evangeli/ ,john4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,x requires only a sup]ficial acqua9tance ) ! mo/ pat5t facts ( ,greek lit]ature to "k t "s ( ! mo/ popul> & ! mo/ pr(\nd tea*]s ( ,greek wisdom--,plato1 ,ari/ophanes & ,x5ophon--use ! conv]sational /yle4 ,! ,greeks1 9 fact1 71 z !y are /ill1 a lively & a talk+ p1 & ,socrates1 _! greate/ "n1 _c be bett] describ$ ?an z a talk+ /reet prea*] ( reason & common s5se4 ,well1 !n1 on ?is d\ble basis t ,greek is a liv+ language1 & t ! colloquial /yle is t 9 :i* its highe/ & be/ ?\ghts are express$2 & kn[+1 moreov]1 by l>ge exp]i5ce1 t ! mo/ effective way to get a firm grasp ( any language is to beg9 by speak+ x1 "s tw5ty ye>s ago ,i publi%$ a small volume ( ,greek & ,engli% dialogues1#b :i* ,i us$ 9 my class 9 z f> z x 0 possible to d s 9 su* a multitud9\s huddlem5t ( untra9$ lads z ! ,scotti% ,univ]sities1 contr>y to ! practice ( all educat$ nations1 admit into ! junior classes ( ! ,faculty ( ,arts4 ,! little book came to a second edition2 b t x 0 9 anywise g5]ally us$ by classical tea*]s ,i h no reason to believe1 p>tly because1 ( all classes ( m51 tea*]s are ! mo/ closely w$d$ to old booki% habits1 & p>tly because ,scotl& is n a c\ntry to :i* ! _w1 gov]n$ z x is by au?ority & by names1 w\ld look = any?+ wor?y ( imitation 9 ! ,greek l9e3 8,c any good ?+ come out ( ,naz>e?80 ,?is1 z ! _w goes1 0 q legitimate1 & gave me no conc]n4 ,b s9ce t "t1 z a natural consequ5ce ( ! great educational movem5t ( ! age1 "s v di/9ct voices h come to my e>1 to ! effect t !re is some?+ radically wrong 9 our way ( deal+ ) languages1 & t ! me?od ( tea*+ by rules & gramm> ma9ly c no long] be tol]at$4 ,i !re=e felt x my duty to appeal a second "t to ! public & to tea*]s on ?is important matt]1 ! m s t my little book /ood too f> ap>t f ! educational attitude ( ! tea*]s1 &1 if x 0 to f9d its way into g5]al s*ool use1 requir$ a m elem5t>y book z an introduction4 ,?is elem5t>y book ,i n[ s5d =? "u ! title ( a ,greek ,prim]1 ,colloquial & ,con/ructive1 indicat+ by ?is title t ! lessons 9 talk+ g h& 9 h& ) ! grammatical =ms naturally educ$ f !m1 ea* lesson be+ regulat$ talk1 accord+ to a natural progression f ! m simple to ! m complex =ms 9 ord9>y use4 ,?is progressive incorporation ( ! gramm> is ! feature :i* di/+ui%es ! lessons ( ?is introductory book f ! dialogues 9 its pr$ecessor2 & ! necessity ( hav+ con/ant ref]5ce to grammatical =ms prev5t$ me f giv+ t unity ( subject to ! dialogue z dialogue :i* belong$ to ! previ\s volume4 #b ,greek & ,engli% ,dialogues = ! use ( ,s*ools & ,colleges4 ,london3 ,macmillan1 #ahga4 ,i h only fur!r to /ate1 ) reg>d to ! use ( ?is little prim] 9 ! h&s ( a tea*]1 t ,i h no desire t he %\ld b9d himself slavi%ly to ! text4 ,! scraps ( talk t are giv5 "u ea* lesson are meant to l5d him a help+ h& 9 ! use ( a new organ2 &1 to enable bo? tea*] & le>n] to furni% !mselves ) a liv+ vocabul>y ( ,greek words 9 direct connection ) _! daily surr\nd+s1 ,i h add$ an alphabetical li/ ( ! names ( ! mo/ famili> objects t belong to ! field ( life 9 t[n or c\ntry :]e ! le>n] may happ5 to be4 ,:5 ! "y ,hell5i/ has /amp$ its ,greek designation directly on e object t meets 8 eyes1 & connect$ x ) "s s+le v]b t belongs to its significance 9 famili> life1 ,i w\ld !n sugge/ t ! tea*]1 besides ! daily repetition ( c]ta9 =ms ( common conv]sation1 %\ld give a viv voce description ( pictures hung on ! wall two or ?ree times a week1 :i* ! le>n] %all be call$ on to repeat )\t any writt5 notes2 ! pr9ciple ( ! me?od be+ always to ma9ta9 ! direct action ( ! m9d on ! object1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! new s\nd1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! "m tongue4 ,z to :51 & h[ f>1 & 9 :at k9d ! usual furniture ( elem5t>y books ( gramm>1 read+1 & ex]cises %\ld g p>allel ) colloquial practice1 ?is ,i leave altoge!r 9 ! h&s ( ! practis$ tea*]1 be+ well assur$ t easy read+ & accurate writ+1 s f> f be+ inconsi/5t )1 are ! natural blossom & ! ripe fruit ( ! root ( liv+ utt]ance f :i* ,i />t4 ,"o o!r matt] requires special notice--a matt] n necess>ily connect$ ) ! colloquial me?od1 b :i* may be wisely us$ z a help4 ,to ea* lesson ,i h app5d$ a %ort li/ ( ,engli% words1 ei!r by family aff9ity1 or by direct borr[+1 or by indirect borr[+ ?r\gh ! ,lat91 radically id5tical ) ! ,greek4 ,! habit ( id5tify+ su* words "u an ,engli% disguise w p]=m ! d\ble function ( facilitat+ memory & giv+ a lesson on ! transmutation ( s\nds & mean+1 ! trac+ ( :i* gives s peculi> a *>m to comp>ative philology4 ,9 ,app5dix ,i4 ,i h add$ "s ( ! pr9ciples on :i* ^! transmutations dep5d1 s f> z !y are sugge/$ by ! words us$ 9 ! text4 ,b :at ( ! pronunciation8 ,aft] :at has be5 %[n ( ! liv+ cont9uity ( ! ,greek tongue1 f ,byzantium d[nw>ds to ! pres5t day1 !re _c be ! slighte/ d\bt t ,greek or?oepy %\ld be treat$ 9 ! same fa%ion t ! or?oepy ( ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or any o!r liv+ tongue is treat$4 ,! pronunciation is rul$ by ! practice ( ! pres5t1 n by philological facts or fancies z to ! pronunciation ( ! pa/4 ,no d\bt1 z ,h]aclitus says1 1 all ?+s fl[1 z 9 ! univ]se1 s 9 language1 !re is no fixation--!re is always *ange4 ,b ! *anges :i* take place 9 liv+ languages1 l ,engli% or ,greek1 are ( a v diff]5t k9d f ^? :i* take place :5 a language l ,lat9 becomes dead1 & rises to a new life 9 ! =m ( su* specific v>ieties z ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,portuguese4 ,!y are ( ! nature ( a normal gr[?1 & are at all ev5ts only exagg]ations or expansions ( a native t5d5cy4 ,to su* exagg]ations e spok5 language is subject1 & few m ?an our insul> ,engli%1 z any "o may see :o w comp>e ! acc5tuation ( ,engli% 9 ! "t ( ,*auc] ) ! or?oepy ( ! pres5t h\r4 ,b 9 respect ( acc5ts at lea/ ,greek has be5 f> m cons]vative ?an ,engli%1 s mu* s inde$ t ! acc5tual m>ks plac$ on ,greek words by ! ,alex&rian gramm>ians two hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 9 ! practice ( ! ,greek ,*ur* & ! ,greek p /ill indicate ! same dom9ance ( voice on ! acc5t$ syllable t ! ,a!nian e> recognis$ z classic 9 ! orations ( ,demo/h5es & ! apo/olic eloqu5ce ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,!re c !re=e be no great] b>b>ism ?an to dis[n ?is legitimate music ( ,greek spee*1 z is done bo? 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&1 :5 we pron\nce 1 l ,lat9 or ,engli%1 2 n to m5tion ! />+ absurdity & loss ( bra9 impli$ 9 ! practice ( ! great ,engli% s*ools ( fir/ pron\nc+ ! ^w ) a false acc5tuation1 & !n /ultify+ ! daily practice ( ! e> by le>n+ a rule to say :]e ! acc5t ought to h be5 plac$6 ,no?+ c\ld m di/9ctly %[ ! fals5ess ( our habit ( fl++ ! burd5 ( le>n+ languages on =mulas ( ! und]/&+ & leav+ ! liv+ organ ( l+ui/ic practice altoge!r out ( acc\nt4 ,!re=e1 by all means1 ei!r drop ! acc5ts out ( ! gramm>1 or use !m :5ev] y give ! writt5 ^w voice 9 ! air4 ,z to ! quantity ( ! v[els1 :i* is ! /umbl+ block ) mo/ ,engli% s*ol>s1 we h no lack ( words1 ev5 9 our own unmusical ,engli%1 su* z lndhold]1 9 :i*1 z 9 ! ,greek 1 ! antep5ultimate has ! ris+ inflexion1 :ile ! p5ult is long2 & if ! mod]n ,greeks pron\nce z if writt5 1 t is only a natural curtailm5t ( ! unacc5t$ syllable :i* lies 9 ! nature ( human spee*1 & w be f\nd exemplifi$ m or less 9 all languages4 ,z to ! vocal value ( ! sep>ate v[els & consonants1 ?is1 no d\bt1 is a po9t 9 "s cases ( consid]able difficulty2 b x is q c]ta9 t a1 bo? 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 has ! broad s\nd z 9 ,italian & ,scot*1 n ! s\nd ( ! ,engli% 9 pt5t1 t is ! mo/ sl5d] ( ! v[el s\nds1 n ! broad semi-diph?ongal s\nd ( ! ,engli% 9 prime or sigh1 t has ! s(t s\nd ( oo 9 boom1 n ! b[-w[ s\nd ( ou z 9 h[l2 also t 9 all probability 0 pron\nc$ z 9 ! ,engli% va91 n z 9 ! ,g]man ,kais]4 ,on ! :ole matt] ( pronunciation1 h[ev]1 ! ,engli% s*ol> %\ld be> 9 m9d t ! poetry ( ! anci5ts 0 compos$ on musical pr9ciples1 ) a /rict reg>d to ! quantitative value ( ! v[el on :i* ! rhy?mical acc5t fell1 a practice :i* necess>ily caus$ ! spok5 acc5t to be dropp$ 9 v]se1 or v mu* subord9at$2 & aga91 if 8 e> %\ld happ5 to be v mu* (f5d$ by ! pr$om9ance ( ! sl5d] s\nd ( 9 ! famili> ( ,hom]1 !re is no reason :y he %\ld n adopt a special vocalisation = ! read+ ( ! ,greek poets1 j z we 9 our read+ ( ,*auc] mu/ con/antly put a f9al acc5t on words t1 if appli$ to ! spok5 tongue1 w\ld r5d] ! speak] ei!r ridicul\s or un9telligible4 ,b 9 :atev] fa%ion ! tea*] ( ,greek 9 ?is c\ntry may *oose to settle ?is delicate po9t1 ! matt] ( pronunciation has no?+ radically to d ) ! great pr9ciple ( l+ui/ic practice :i* ?is little book inculcates4 ,to />t ) ! practice ( speak+ w facilitate ! acquisition ( a new language "u any sy/em ( pronunciation2 only ?is mu/ di/9ctly be said1 t ! s*ol> :o has le>n$ to read ,greek ) a vocalisation & an acc5tuation inv5t$ by himself = himself has delib]ately cut himself (f f all intelligible communion ) ! p ^: lit]>y tradition he values s highly1 & ) :om to ma9ta9 a famili> int]c\rse1 bo? 9 a political & a lit]>y po9t ( view1 %\ld be no second>y consid]ation ) ! wise4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h great pleasure 9 return+ ?anks to ! le>n$ ,hell5i/s :o k9dly und]took ! task ( revis+ ! pro(s ( ?is little "w z !y came f ! press1 viz4 ,mr4 ,h>die1 ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d2 ,pr9cipal ,g$des1 ,ab]de52 ,pr9cipal ,donaldson1 ,/4 ,&rews2 & ,mr4 ,g>d9]1 ,ed9burgh ,academy2 & if ,i h n 9 e in/ance tak5 advantage ( _! sugge/ions1 x is because on pr9ciple ,i h no sympa?y ) ! nice s5sibility :i* refuses ! /amp ( classicality to all =ms & idioms unsanction$ by ! usage ( ,attic writ]s1 pref]r+ to float my skiff freely on ! great ,ca?olic ,greek ( all ages1 f ,plato to ,polybius1 f ,polybius to ,*ryso/om1 & f ,*ryso/om to ,!reianos & ,paspati4 ,,ed9burgh1 ,april #ahia4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,! ,,greek ,,lett]s #c ,,notes #e ,,acc5tuation ,,& ,,quantity #g ,,lesson ,i4--,n\ns3 ,nom9ative & ,objective ,case1 ,fir/ & ,second ,decl5sion2 ,v]bs3 ,?ree ,p]sons ,s+ul>1 ,pres5t ,indicative #ab ,,ii4--,cases1 ,g5itive & ,dative #ae ,,iii4--,plurals1 ,num]als1 ,dim9utives #ag ,,iv4--,?ird ,decl5sion1 ,s+ul> #ai ,v4--,?ird ,decl5sion1 ,plural #be ,,vi4--,degrees ( ,comp>ison 9 ,adjectives #bf ,,vii4--,! ,future ,active #bh ,,viii4--,! ,pa/ ,t5se #cj ,,ix4--,inf9itive ,mood & ,p>ticiples #cc ,x4--,! o!r ,pa/ ,t5ses #ce ,,xi4--,v]bs 9 #ch ,,xii4--,comp\nd ,v]bs #dj ,,xiii4--,moods3 ,subjunctive & ,conditional #db ,,xiv4--,! ,optative ,mood #dd ,,xv4--,! ,p>ticle #dg ,,xvi4--,! ,passive ,voice #dh ,,xvii4--,! ,middle ,voice #ea ,,xviii4--,p>ticiples #ec ,,app5dix ,i4--,elem5t>y ,h9ts on ,etymology #ee ,,ii4--,vocabul>ies #eg ,,! ,,alphabet ,,acc5t ,,& ,,quantity ,,! ,,greek ,,lett]s ,! ,greek lett]s1 borr[$ z !y 7 f ! ,ea/ & adopt$ by ! ,romans1 are sub/antially ! same z ! ,roman lett]s ( our common ,engli% usage1 & 9 fact diff] f !m bo? 9 figure & p[] sc>cely m ?an our pres5t ,engli% type diff]s f ! old ,engli% black lett] or ! common ,g]man type4 ,a few rem>ks w suffice to %[ :]e or h[ f> ! pronunciation v>ies f our ,engli% use ( ! same lett]s4 ,greek ,engli% ,figures4 ,names4 ,figures4 1 alpha a 1 1 bta b 1 1 gamma g 1 delta d 1 epsilon e 1 1 zta z 1 ta ee 1 1 ?ta ? 1 ita i 1 kappa k 1 lambda l 1 mu m 1 nu n 1 xi x 1 omikron 1 pi p 1 rho r 1 1 sigma s 1 1 tau t 1 'upsilon u 1 phi f or ph 1 *i * 1 psi ps 1 omega ,,notes is always ! broad a 7ah7 ( all ,european languages1 & nev] s(t5$ d[n to ! ,engli% 1 z he>d 9 pt5t1 ntion4 9 ! spok5 ,greek ( ! pres5t day is s(t5$ d[n to ! cognate v1 exactly z 9 ,gaelic b ) ! h app5d$ becomes v1 z ban1 fair1 ) h1 bhan van4 1 :5 foll[$ by ! broad v[els a & o1 is pron\nc$ h>d z 9 ,engli% & ,gaelic2 b :5 foll[$ by s(t v[els ! ,greeks n[ give x ! s\nd ( ! ,engli% y 9 yes1 yell[--1 1--j z 9 ,g]man ! g 9 ! ?ird syllable ( ,gtt+5 is s s(t5$ d[n z almo/ to disappe>4#c ,?is euphonic action ( a weak v[el ^u a /rong consonant prec$+ is natural & f\nd 9 mo/ languages2 exactly z ! ,italians 9 _! s(t dialect ( ,lat9 h *ang$ into ,*i*]o1 * be+ pron\nc$ z 9 ! ,engli% *ur*4 ,be=e 1 1 & 1 ! lett] has ! s\nd ( n1 z 9 1 9 ,lat9 angelus1 ,engli% angel4 1 or ,d1 is 9 l mann] s(t5$ into ? z 9 ! ,engli% "m2 ?us n1 f 1 pron\nc$ 4 is our %ort e1 z 9 get2 nev] long 4 1 or 1 0 9 anci5t times always a long 1 ,engli% z 9 gate2 n[ x is always ee z 9 seem or !me4 is ! ,engli% ?1 z 9 m\?1 s\?4 is always ! sl5d] ,engli% ee1 ei!r %ort z 9 peep or long z 9 scne4 is ks1 gs1 contract$ into x4 1 f :i* our y came1 0 9 anci5t times id5tical ) ! delicate 1 ue1 ( ! ,g]mans1 halfway betwe5 oo & ee1 into :i* 9 ! liv+ language x is always s(t5$1 exactly z 9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many ,brd] is pron\nc$ ,brd]4 is an aspirat$ k1 b pron\nc$ l mil* 9 ,g]man or lo* 9 ,scot*1 :i* ! ,engli%1 :o d n possess ?is beautiful s(t guttural1 g5]ally %>p5 into a k1 z 9 lake4 1 omega1 z ! "n indicates1 is simply a long o1 z 9 1 a foal4 ,= ! ,engli% h ! ,greeks us$ a simple m>k ( aspiration turn$ to ! "r ?us1 sacr$1 pron\nc$ hee-er-s1 :ile ! same m>k turn$ to ! left1 z 9 1 simply signifies ! abs5ce ( ! h4 ,:e!r ?is spiritus l5is1 z x is call$1 0 put on ! initial v[el to indicate ! pres5ce ( an orig9al h :i* _h vani%$1 ,i _c say2 b "o c readily fancy t if ! ,cockney fa%ion ( call+ ,highgate ,igate 7 to become g5]al1 e su* curtail$ ^w might receive a m>k ?us1 'igate1 z ! survival ( a lo/ brea?+4 ,besides ! v[els 9 ! alphabet we f9d 9 ,greek1 z 9 o!r languages1 comp\nd v[el s\nds call$ diph?ongs4 ,!y are sev5--1 1 1 1 1 & 4 ,_! anci5t pronunciation is v difficult to expiscate1 & 9 !m we note ! p>tiality ( ! ,greeks = ! sl5d] s\nd ( ee1 call$ by a ,lat9 writ] gracilitas1 & by mod]n s*ol>s itacism4 ,?is t5d5cy has wip$ (f ! diph?ongal "* altoge!r f 1 1 & 1 :i* are all pron\nc$ l a s+le 1 ,engli% ee4 ,to balance ?is1 becomes ! ,engli% ai1 z 9 va92 reta9s its full s(t r\ndness z 9 gloom2 :ile 9 & 9 ! liv+ ,greek ! has assum$ a consonantal value & become v1 f :i* usage ! ( ! ,gospels has become ! evangelium ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 & ! evangel ( ,engli%2 s 1 a flute1 is pron\nc$ avlss1 & ?is v is aspirat$ into ! k9dr$ 1 :5 ! foll[+ consonant is 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 or 1 z 9 1 aftos1 1 efxe9os4 ,t ! anci5ts1 at lea/ 9 poetry1 did n d ?is is evid5t f ! full diph?ongal value ( a long s\nd giv5 to ! 9 & su*-l words by ! dramatic writ]s4 #c ,see ,zampolides's ,mod]n ,greek4 ,london1 ,williams & ,norgate1 #ahhg4 ,,acc5tuation ,,& ,,quantity ,9 respect ( acc5tuation ! ,greek language has ! advantage above mo/ o!rs t1 :ile 9 ,lat91 ,engli%1 or ,g]man ! prop] intonation ( a ^w 9 d\btful cases c only be kn[n by an appeal to a diction>y or to an au?oritative speak]1 9 ,greek e ^w 9 a book1 z x /&s be=e ! eye1 exhibits & p]petuates ! tonic relation ( ! syllables to "o ano!r4 ,! /ud5t has b to obs]ve ! rise or fall ( ! syllables on 8 page z he w\ld d ! notes 9 a piece ( music1 & he _c g wrong4 ,only a few *>act]i/ic po9ts require to be laid d[n to make ! pr9ciple on :i* ! practice dep5ds intelligible4 ,! ^w acc5t1 tak5 f ! ,lat9 gramm>ians1 evid5tly signifies a c]ta9 music ( spee*1 a s++ to or ) 7ad & cano7 an articulate ^w2 :ile ! expression us$ by ! ,greek gramm>ians1 f 1 indicates a /ret*1 /ress1 or int5sion ( ! voice on ! syllable s affect$4 ,tak+ ^! two elem5ts toge!r we see t a ,greek ^w1 say 1 beautiful1 ) ! m>k ( ! acute acc5t on ! la/ syllable--h5ce call$ oxytone1 f 1 %>p--is pron\nc$ ) an elevation ( ! voice1 :i* br+s along ) x a dom9ance ( ! syllable on :i* x /&s above ! o!r syllables ) :i* x is connect$4 ,x /&s to reason t aft] su* a dom9ance giv5 to "o syllable ! voice1 if !re be a subsequ5t syllable1 w fall2 & s1 z 9 1 ! f9al syllable w be pron\nc$ 9 a l[] tone :i* is call$ grave4 ,9 ! g5]al use ?is l[]-ton$ syllable requires no special m>k1 be+ suffici5tly indicat$ by its necess>y subs]vi5ce to ! acc5t$ syllable2 ) ! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 x seems to h be5 ! practice to pron\nce an oxytone ^w1 :5 x occurs 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 9 a l[] tone ?an at ! end1 & s ! ^w 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 z 9 1 is m>k$ ) a grave acc5t f left to "r in/ead ( f "r to left2 b ?is1 ?\gh x l[]s ! tone1 does n affect ! dom9ance ( ! syllable4 ,x is j z if 9 music ! same note1 ) ! same rhy?mical dom9ance1 7 sung an octave l[]4 ,practically1 ! le>n] ne$ n conc]n himself curi\sly ab\t ! matt]4 ,x is a rule1 bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat91 t no ^w c be acc5t$ f>!r back ?an ! ?ird syllable f ! end1 ! antep5ultimate1 ! fav\rite acc5t ( ! ,engli% language4 ,b1 :ile ?is rule1 9 a musical po9t ( view1 pres]ves ! language f su* a rattle ( insignificant s\nds z 9 lm5table1 mlit>y1 & n a few o!r quadrisyllables 9 our unmusical ,engli% tongue1 x manife/ly requires a correction f ! side ( p5ultimate & oxytone acc5tuation to a*ieve ! j balance ( ! music ( spee*4 ,9 ?is respect ,greek is decid$ly sup]ior to bo? ,lat9 & ,engli%2 =1 :ile ,lat9 rejects ! sonor\s cad5ce ( ! acc5t on ! la/ syllable altoge!r1 ,engli% uses x only 9 "s v]bs1 remnants ( ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ,lat9 v]bs1 z 9 rejct1 suppse1 accpt1 & su*-l2 & 9 ! case ( ! p5ult ! f9e swell+ cad5ce ( ! ,greek words1 9 :i* ! acute acc5t ( ! p5ult is foll[$ by a f9al long syllable1 altoge!r fails1 z 9 1 :i* an ,engli%man1 foll[+ 8 ,engli% e>1 w pron\nce n only b 1 z if 7 4 ,! /ud5t1 !re=e1 w c>efully tra9 8 e> to give all oxytone words _! full value1 & nev] to say in/ead ( 1 or = 4 ,by ! quantity ( a ^w we mean ! comp>ative duration ( ! s\nd1 exactly z 9 music a symbol3 m9im is relat$ to a symbol3 quav]2 & 9 ,greek ! acc5tuation /&s 9 a v m>k$ relation to ! quantity ( ! syllables1 :i* 9 practice ass]ts itself prom95tly z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,x is an inv>iable condition ( ! antep5ultimate acc5t t ! la/ syllable be %ort1 z 9 1 a man2 & 9 consequ5ce1 7#b7 ,if 9 ! c\rse ( flexion a ^w ) an antep5ultimate acc5t takes a long f9al v[el1 z 9 ! g5itive & dative s+ul> ( ! second decl5sion1 ! acc5t ( ! fir/ syllable is advanc$ to ! p5ult1 z 9 4 7#c7 ,! conv]se takes place 9 v]bs1 :]e ! acc5t is naturally on ! root1 z 9 1 ( :i* ! imp]fect is 2 b 9 ! aor4 mid4 indic41 :ile ! ?ird p]son is 1 ! fir/ p]son is n 1 b 4 ,a long syllable ( c\rse1 z 9 1 may h an acute acc5t on a long v[el ) ! same "r z a %ort syllable2 b !re are _m long syllables 9 ,greek :i* are m>k$ nei!r ) an acute nor a grave b ) a circumflex1 :i* is a prolong$ acc5t comp\nd$ ( a rise & a fall m>k$ ?us 1 or = great] ease1 4 ,^! words are g5]ally comp\nds ( :i* ! elem5ts are q pla91 z 9 = 1 = 2 9 o!r words1 z 9 1 a body1 or ! g5itive plural ( ! fir/ decl5sion1 z 1 & "s o!rs1 ! s+le elem5ts f :i* ! complex tone arose 7 ei!r hi/orically kn[n to ! gramm>ians or legitimately assum$4 ,at all ev5ts1 e syllable 9 ,greek ) a circumflex acc5t is practically treat$ z if x _h two acc5ts2 z if x 7 1 z 1 z if x 7 1 & s on4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 & ! pr9ciple t no ^w c be acc5t$ f>!r back ?an ! antep5ultimate1 t1 if 9 ! c\rse ( flexion a ^w ) a circumflex on ! p5ult receives an additional syllable s z to become1 9 acc5tual value1 a quadrisyllable1 ! acc5t mu/ be advanc$2 ?us f 1#d ,i am hon\r$1 we c say 9 ! second p]son plural1 b we _c say 1 s mu/ say 4 ,! *ange ( acc5tual m>k+ 9 ?is in/ance is ( no practical value to ! /ud5t1 b 9 ! case ( enclitics1 ( :i* we %all n[ speak1 x affects ! e> mo/ decid$ly4 #d ,f9al & = acc5tual purposes are pron\nc$ %ort 9 ! t]m9al flexions ( n\ns & v]bs--1 1 4 ,enclitics are small words1 :i*1 s to speak1 h n =ce en\gh to /& on _! own legs1 b lean 77 on ! weighti] ^w t prec$es !m = support1 & become absorb$ 9 x2 j z 9 ,engli% we say don't = d n1 & 9 ,italian dimmi = ! ,lat9 dic mihi4 ,^! enclitics are 1 1 1 & a few o!rs1 ! oblique cases ( ! p]sonal pron\ns1 ! indef9ite pron\n 1 & ! v]bs 1 ,i am1 1 ,i say1 except 9 ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,! effect ( _! be+ ?us tak5 up by ! previ\s ^w & =m+ a new :ole mu/1 9 n a few cases1 mat]ially affect ! position ( ! acc5t2 =1 :ile 9 1 a c]ta9 good-look+ fell[1 !re is no *ange 9 ! intonation ( to ! e>1 ! mom5t ,i say 1 ,i ei!r violate ! rule :i* =bids ! acc5t on ! f\r? syllable f ! end1 or ,i keep to ! rule & say 4 ,9 ! same way :5 ,i say 1 ! devil1 simply1 ,i pres]ve ! antep5ultimate acc5t ) full effect 9 its natural place2 b if ,i apply ! reproa*ful t]m to a special p]son1 & say1 z 9 ,john vi4 #gj1 1 "o ( y is a devil1 ,i imm$iately1 to give ! some?+ to lean on1 mu/ make ! oxytone4 ,simil>ly1 ,i _c write 1 :i* 9 acc5tual value w\ld be a comp\nd ^w ( five syllables1 b ,i mu/ say 7,john vi4 #fc71 :5 ! la/ syllable ( ! support+ ^w ) ! two syllables ( ! enclitic become acc5tually a new ^w ( ?ree syllables ) a legitimate antep5ultimate acc5t4 ,if ! position ( ! acc5t1 a po9t (t5 n a little tr\blesome ev5 to natives 9 ! or?oepy ( _! own language1 has be5 reliev$ ( all practical difficulty by ! curi\s prevision ( ! ,alex&rian eld]s1 ! quantity is ev5 m simple4 ,) ! d\ble aid ( ! two sep>ate signs = long v[els1 & 1 & ! quantity ( ! f9al v[el z det]m9$ by its relation to ! previ\s acc5t$ syllables1 ! only difficulty t rema9s is obviat$ by ! m>k ov] ! long v[els1 & ! ov] ! %ort ones f\nd 9 all good diction>ies4 ,9 ! pres5t little "w x w be suffici5t to m>k ! long v[el :]e x occurs 9 d\btful cases1 & leave ! %ort ones to be und]/ood z %ort f ! abs5ce ( ! long m>k4 ,b ! real difficulty t prev5ts bo? acc5t & quantity f be+ easily acquir$ by ,engli% s*ol>s is ! neglig5t practice ( transf]r+ ,lat9 or ,engli% habits ( acc5tuation to ,greek words1 z :5 is pron\nc$ l ,du1 & z ,scrates1 & aga9 ! supposition t ! acc5t _c be put on a syllable )\t mak+ x long1 or remov$ )\t mak+ x %ort4 ,let only ! hone/ attempt be made to pron\nce 1 n z an?ropos1 b z 9 lndhld]1 crndal]1 & o!r su* words1 & ! 9 1 n l a 9 claw or maw1 b l ! a 9 lattice & scatt]1 & ! difficulty w vani% l ! gleam ( a mirage be=e ! firm foot & ! cool eye ( ! travell]4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,n\ns ,,nom9ative ,,& ,,objective ,,case ,,fir/ ,,& ,,second ,,decl5sion ,,v]bs ,,?ree ,,p]sons ,,s+ul>1 ,,pres5t ,,indicative ,a n\n is ! "n ( a ?+ or p]son1 a v]b signifies an action1 an adjective a quality z good or bad belong+ to a n\n4 ,! nom9ative case is ! p]son :o is or may be do+ :at ! v]b means2 ! objective case is ! ?+ or p]son to :i* or t[>ds :i* ! action ( ! v]b t5ds4 ,! v]b to be1 d5ot+ simple exi/5ce1 n action1 ( c\rse is foll[$ by ! nom9ative1 n ! objective case4 ,n\ns are mascul9e1 fem99e1 or neut]4 ,mascul9es g5]ally end 9 4 ,fem99es 9 or 1 a few 9 --1 a way1 1 a book1 1 a maid54 ,neut]s 9 4 ,! objective case ends 9 1 ! be+ add$ to ! t]m9ation ( fem99es1 & sub/itut$ = ! 9 mascul9es4 ,9 neut]s ! nom9ative & objective are ! same4 ,adjectives foll[ ! same rule4 ,v]bs3 fir/ p]son ends 9 1 second 9 1 & ?ird 9 or 1 z-- 1 1 1 ,i see1 ?\ see/1 he sees4 1 1 1 ,i he>1 etc4 ,s-- 1 ,i wond]4 1 ,i hate4 1 ,i love4 1 ,i h4 ,,useful ,,imp]atives 1 br+4 1 give4 1 behold6 "h6 ,! article ! is decl9$ mascul9e1 fem99e1 & neut] l ! n\ns1 ?us-- ,x nev] has 9 ! fem99e4 ,! v]b to be1 1 has second p]son 1 ?ird 1 or be=e a v[el 1 & 9 plural 1 1 4 ,! pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons are-- 1 1 1 ,i ( me to me me ?\ ( !e to !e !e 1 ! sun is bright4 1 & ! day beautiful4 2 d y see ! sun8 1 ,i see a cl\d4 1 ,i see a d>k cl\d4 2 d y see ! smoke8 2 d y see ! blue sky8 2 d y he> ! riv]8 2 d y he> ! ?und]8 2 d y admire ?is tall tree8 1 ,i admire x extremely4 2 d y see ?is beautiful rose8 2 & ! :ite lily8 2 & ! gre5 grass8 1 ! g>d5 is beautiful4 1 & ! g>d5] wise4 1 ,i see a ?i/le4 1 1 bad1 bad6 1 1 ugly1 ugly6 1 ,i hate ! ugly ?i/le4 1 ,i love ! lovely rose4 2 d y hate ! nettle8 1 c]ta9ly4 1 ! w9d is /rong4 1 ,i love ! %ade4 1 & ! %elt]4 1 br+ ! table4 2 :]e is my hat8 1 give me ! hat4 1 ,i love a cap4 1 or 1 /ir ! fire4 1 give me ! pok]4 2 h y tongs8 1 !re4 2 d y see ! mirror8 2 h y a seat8 2 h y a foot/ool8 2 h y a s(a8 1 give me my /ick4 2 :o is ?is little boy8 1 my bro!r4 2 h y a si/]8 1 ,i love d9n]4 2 h y bread & butt]8 1 ?is silv] cup is beautiful4 1 br+ ! ink/&4 1 take x4 1 ,i d n see a p54 1 "h4 1 ?anks4 1 give me a napk94 1 & "s soap4 1 "h x is1 ,pe>s' soap4 1 a spl5did cleans]6 4 4 n[ my h&s are :ite z sn[4 ,f>ewell4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,panorama4 ,lamp4 ,heliotrope4 ,cali/h5ics4 ,ephem]al4 ,urania4 ,ac\/ics4 ,?aumaturgy4 ,rose4 ,lily4 ,*lor9e4 ,sophi/4 ,cacophony4 ,misan?rope4 ,democrat4 ,animation4 ,philan?ropy4 ,fire4 ,optics4 ,oph?almia4 ,ca!dral4 ,cl9ical4 ,philadelphia4 ,adelphi ,c\rt4 ,soap4 ,*iromancy4 ,ca?>tic4 ,,lesson ,,ii ,,cases1 ,,g5itive ,,& ,,dative ,! g5itive case signifies ! s\rce f :i* a ?+ comes & to :i* x belongs1 z ! folly ( fools1 ! fool's folly1 ! folly t comes f ! fool4 ,! dative case means ei!r ! second>y or m di/ant object ( an action1 z ,i gave ! book to ! boy2 or x signifies re/ or resid5ce 9 a ?+1 = :i* 9 ,engli% !re is no special =m2 also 9 ,greek x signifies ! in/rum5t ) :i*1 or by :i*1 a ?+ is done1 z to cut ) a knife4 ,9 ,greek mascul9es 9 h ! g5itive 9 & ! dative 9 2 fem99es 9 or & h ! g5itive 9 & ! dative 9 2 o!r fem99es 9 --z 1 a table--& fem99es 9 h 9 ! g5itive & 9 ! dative4 1 ,i see a cl\d 9 ! sky4 1 ,i admire ! wisdom t is 9 y\r bro!r4 1 give y\r bro!r ?is p54 1 & ! ink/&4 1 y\r bro!r admires ! :ite rose 9 ! g>d54 2 d y he> ! ?und] ( ! riv]8 1 ! viol5ce ( ! w9d di/urbs ! g>d54 1 yes1 & ! hat on my head4 1 /ir ! fire ) ! pok]4 2 d y see ! bi%op's seat8 1 he is /rong2 he eats ! bread ( lab\r4 1 give me y\r bro!r's p54 1 br+ y\r si/]'s ink/&4 1 cut ! p5 ) ! knife4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,bi%op4 ,k9etics4 ,seat4 ,ca!dral4 ,hydrocephalus4 ,,lesson ,,iii ,,plurals1 ,,num]als1 ,,dim9utives ,! plural ( v]bs is 9 1 1 & = ! ?ree p]sons4 ,9 pure v]bs becomes 1 1 & 2 becomes 1 1 & 4 ,! plural ( n\ns 9 is 9 1 nom9ative4 1 g5itive4 1 dative4 1 objective4 ,neut]s h nom9ative & objective 4 ,! plural ( fem99es is 9 1 nom9ative4 1 g5itive4 1 dative4 1 objective4 ,! relative pron\n1 1 1 1 :o1 :i*1 is decl9$ all ?r\gh1 l mascul9e n\ns 9 1 & fem99es 9 1 & neut]s 9 4 ,! num]als are--1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 _! ord]2 1 tw5ty2 1 a hundr$2 1 a ?\s&2 1 t5 ?\s&4 ,dim9utives are mo/ly neut]1 end+ 9 1 1 & 3 z 1 a horse--1 a pony2 1 a boy--1 a little boy2 1 a babe--1 a little babe4 ,mascul9e is 1 z 1 a "y boy1 ) fem99e 1 a little girl4 ,! adjective 1 _m 7,g]man viel71 is decl9$ 9 ! nom9ative-- & objective-- o!rwise regul>ly1 z if f --4 ,x is a peculi>ity ( ,greek syntax t neut] plurals are jo9$ ) a s+ul> v]b1 z 1 matt]s are go+ on well4 1 1 we write ) a p51 & see ) our eyes4 1 ! lett] :i* ,i write = y give to y\r bro!rs4 2 h[ _m bro!rs h y8 1 1 six1 & sev5 si/]s4 1 t is too bad6 2 h[ _m roses h y 9 y\r hat8 1 1 twelve1 & six lilies4 2 h[ _m horses has y\r bro!r8 1 ?ree4 2 d y see ! swans & ! cranes 9 ! lo*8 1 1 yes1 a v great numb]4 2 also ?ree pretty calves 9 ! field8 1 1 2 also a neat little piebald pony8 2 :at are y laugh+ at8 1 t boy rid+ on ! little pony4 1 & beh9d runs ! pretty little girl4 1 a pleasant sight4 1 1 ?is /range man sees two suns 9 ! sky2 we see only "o4 1 we hate a fool's voice4 1 b we love ! voice ( ! wise man4 1 ! a/ronom]s see _m ?+s ) _! telescopes :i* we d n see4 1 1 !re are _m trees 9 ! =e/1 & _m words 9 a fool's tongue4 1 we are cutt+ d[n _m ?i/les 9 ! fields4 1 1 1 & n a few nettles also1 ,i hope4 1 1 ! nettles :i* y hate4 1 1 ) good reason too4 ,all hate ! evil nettles4 2 :at are y ab\t8 1 we are writ+ lett]s4 2 d y say lett]s8 1 1 yes1 to ! que54 1 wond]ful6 1 1 good is ! que51 & n deaf to ! pray]s ( loyal citiz5s4 1 y say :at is j4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,epi/le4 ,graphic4 ,hippodrome4 ,euphony4 ,a/ronomy4 ,telescope4 ,polyglot4 ,agriculture4 ,basilica4 ,basil4 ,police4 ,two4 ,triad4 ,p5t>*y4 ,hexagon4 ,hept>*y4 ,octob]4 ,decade4 ,myriad4 ,,lesson ,,iv ,,?ird ,,decl5sion1 ,,s+ul> ,! ?ird decl5sion ( n\ns 9 ,greek is m ri* & v>i$ ?an ! o!r two1 &1 besides1 is di/+ui%$ by a peculi>ity f :i* ! o!rs are free1 viz4 :ile 9 ! fir/ & second decl5sions all t requires to be done 9 =m+ ! cases is to *ange ! la/ syllable ( ! nom9ative comm5c+ ) a v[el1 leav+ ! ma9 body ( ! ^w un*ang$1 z 1-1 -1-1 9 ! ?ird we obs]ve t ! f9al consonant ( ! root seems 9 _m cases to h be5 assimilat$ or absorb$ by ! t]m9ation ( ! nom9ative1 & reappe>s 9 ! o!r cases1 z 9 1 g5itive 4 ,sometimes also ! v[el ( ! la/ syllable ( ! nom9ative is %ort5$ be=e ! addition ( ! g5itival t]m9ation1 z 9 1 4 ,9 "s classes ( n\ns no *ange is made1 & ! analogy ( ! two o!r decl5sions is foll[$ ?r\gh\t4 ,we %all take our examples f ! m simple classes1 leav+ ! m complex & exceptional to be le>n$ 9 ! c\rse ( read+4 ,! g5]al type is-- -1 g5itive4 -1 dative4 -1 objective4 z-- 1 a savi\r4 1 ( or f a savi\r4 1 to a savi\r4 1 a savi\r4 1 a bell4 1 ( a bell1 etc4 1 -1 a blackgu>d1 etc4 & a numb] ( words signify+ a dwell+-place1 z-- 1 a horse2 1 -1 a /able4 1 -1 an olivey>d4 1 -1 room ( ! virg92 & nicknames ( m53 1 - paun*y4 ,& to ?is class :i* foll[s ! analogy ( ! o!r decl5sions our fir/ colloquy is conf9$4 7#a7 2 d y see ! pl\ghman cutt+ up ! gr\nd ) 8 pl\gh8 1 ?is is a useful & necess>y "w4 1 ! pl\ghman has a /rong horse4 2 :at lik5ess is t8 1 ! lik5ess ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,savi\r4 1 an altoge!r div9e c\nt5ance4 2 :at is t gr& book8 1 ! geography ( ,/rabo4 2 :at are y dr9k+ out ( t b[l8 1 we are dr9k+ w9e4 1 give me my old cloak4 1 f a small sp>k (t5 a fe>ful flame arises4 1 z ,james ! ,apo/le writes4 2 b :y d y say ?is8 1 ,i fe> t quantity ( smoke f ! *imney4 1 ,i he> ! bell1 & ! voice ( ! cri] :o wakes ! p4 1 !re is great dang]4 1 ,i he> ! cock4 7#b7 ,n\ns 9 & %ort5 ! long ultimate v[el ( ! nom9ative1 z 1 2 1 2 1 1 wat]4 2 d y see t %eph]d ) ! %eep 9 ! mead[8 1 1 ,i see !m & ! dog4 2 d y he> ! voice ( t great orator8 1 we he>2 b l bett] ! twitt] ( ! swall[s & ! song ( ! night+ale4 1 ) good reason2 = ^! /ir ! dep?s ( ! s\l4 7#c7 ,fem99es 9 & 1 ) ! radical be=e ! case t]m9ations1 z 1-2 1-4 ,neut]s 9 h ! g5itive 9 4 ,words end+ 9 or 1 z 1 1 a /orm2 1 1 a ve92 1-1 a ,cyclops1 ,giant ,r\nd ,eye1 lose ! ( ! nom9ative & pres5t or be=e ! case t]m9ation4 ,9 ! same way n\ns 9 or 1 by los+ ! f9al ( ! comp\nd consonant1 cause ! s+le or to reappe> 9 ! oblique cases1 z 1 a hawk1 2 1 a fox1 g54 2 1 1 a cr[1 1 ! ra9 is com+4 1 n at all4 1 a ?9 drizzle ,i d n call ra94 1 t cl\d =etells a /orm4 1 ,i h bright hope ( a beautiful day4 2 d y see t little woman 9 ! field8 1 !y say t %e is mad4 1 ,i = "o believe x4 1 1 give me my boot1 my hat1 & my plaid4 2 :]e is my o!r %oe8 2 :at h y 9 y\r m\?8 1 bread1 ?ank ,god6 2 :at are y writ+8 1 a poem4 2 is !re any s5se 9 ! poem8 2 1 ( c\rse2 ,i don't bl[ soap-bubbles4 2 d y see t cr[8 1 1 ,i d2 he walks l a cl]gyman1 ) a grave /ep4 2 :at is ! "n ( t fam\s orator8 1 ,glad/one4 1 a ,scot* "n4 1 1 c]ta9ly1 = ! int]pretation ( ! "n is ! /one ( ! hawk4 1 ,glad/one is ! "n ( a p>i% 9 ,midlo?ian4 2 :at is t boy do+8 1 he is :ipp+ 8 top4 1 1 himself is m wor?y ( ! :ip1 = he is a wick$ creature4 1 also idle2 n wor?y ( 8 bread4 1 ,i ?9k ! :ip & 8 back are ne>ly relat$4 1 he is bad2 a /range mixture ( a fox & a be>4 7#d7 ,n\ns 9 & h 9 ! objective1 z 1 a pig2 1 a fi%1 1 a woodworm4 ,also ^? 9 & 1 z 1 a city1 2 1 a snake1 2 1 a =e>m1 4 ,^! h ! g5itive 9 1 & ! dative 9 1 z 1 4 1 a fa!r1 & 1 a "m1 h & 9 g5itive1 & & 9 dative2 b ! objective is 9 ! regul> =m ) ! %ort p5ult 4 1 a daught]1 foll[s ! same rule1 has 1 1 4 1 a k+1 & 1 a prie/1 h ! g5itive 9 1 & ! dative 9 1 l 1 b ! objective is 4 1 an ox1 has 1 1 & 4 1 a woman1 has g5itive & dative -1 -1 & objective -4 2 d y see t beautiful fi% 9 ! wat]8 1 1 1 yes1 ! creature glances l a pe>l4 1 v diff]5t is ! fil?y pig 9 ! /y4 1 ,i hate ! pig4 1 nev]!less a fatt$ pig--bacon--is ! great glory ( a d9n]4 2 d y see ! snake 9 ! grass8 1 ,i hate ! creature4 2 :y8 1 x is dang]\s4 1 1 ,i %udd] at ! creature1 a mask ( ! devil4 1 ! snake has ,satan = 8 fa!r4 1 ! devil has _m masks4 1 specially t ( a fair woman4 1 & t ( a pr\d prie/4 1 also ( a lawless k+1 & a cruel tyrant4 1 & ( any bad man 9 ! t[n4 7#e7 ,adjectives ( ?is decl5sion occur mo/ commonly 9 "o ( ^! ?ree =ms-- 77 1 -1 mascul9e & fem99e2 1 neut]--z 1 s\nd-m9d$2 1 =w>d1 ready--l n\ns 9 supra4 77 1 z 1 mascul9e & fem99e2 1 neut]2 g5itive 9 & dative 9 --1 heal?y2 1 -1 di/9ct1 cle>4 77 1 mascul9e2 1 fem99e2 1 neut]2 z 1 sweet2 1 heavy4 1 black1 has 1 1 & 1 wret*$1 ! same4 1 ?is doctr9e ab\t ! devil is true4 1 yes1 & weighty4 1 sweet is honey aft] s\r4 1 ! bees are ! mak]s ( sweet honey4 1 x is a k+'s da9ty1 honey4 1 we all l da9ties & a dess]t to foll[ ! d9n]4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,ga/ric juice4 ,"w4 ,bible4 ,geography4 ,crat]4 ,w9e4 ,palography4 ,phlox 7! "n ( a flame-col\r$ fl[]74 ,apo/le4 ,police4 ,rhetorician4 ,p\nd4 ,abyss4 ,phr5zy4 ,wet4 ,phlebotomy4 ,cyclops4 ,hydropa?y4 ,mnad4 ,het]odoxy4 ,poem4 ,cr[4 ,g5esis4 ,g5]ation4 ,mixture4 ,p>adox4 ,i*?yology4 ,pat]nal4 ,&rew4 ,alex&]4 ,bov9e4 ,gyncology4 ,s[4 ,devil4 ,hi]>*y4 ,tyrant4 ,glyc]9e4 ,b>omet]4 ,melliflu\s4 ,,lesson ,v ,,?ird ,,decl5sion1 ,,plural ,! plural t]m9ations ( ! ?ird decl5sion are-- 1 nom9ative1 1 neut]4 1 g5itive4 1 dative4 1 objective1 1 neut]2 z 1 1 1 1 foll[+ always ! type ( ! g5itive s+ul>1 z 1 n 2 b has 1 n 4 ,only 9 ! dative plural ! f9al consonant 1 1 or is dropp$ be=e ! ( ! dative1 z 1 to %eph]ds2 1 to m\?s2 1 to tor*es4 ,! adjective 1 1 foll[s ?is rule1 hav+ 9 ! g5itive1 b 9 dative plural2 s 1 a giant2 1 ( a giant2 b 1 to giants4 1 1 ?is fa!r gives all ! money to 8 daught]s1 to 8 son no?+4 1 1 ! fa!rs ( ! *ur* are _m1 b ea* boy has only "o fa!r4 1 1 give a /ick to ! boys1 a p>asol to ! "y ladies4 1 1 ?is boy is a giant1 & a mon/] to boot2 he has sev5 toes on 8 feet4 1 1 1 ! dress ( all ^! boys is ridicul\s1 a black plaid ) a yell[ cap4 1 true4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,fa!r4 ,panorama4 ,daught]4 ,ecclesia/ical4 ,poly!ism4 ,monologue4 ,giant4 ,dactyl4 ,sev54 ,foot4 ,melan*oly4 ,lecture4 ,p>!non4 ,,lesson ,,vi ,,! ,,degrees ,,( ,,comp>ison ,,9 ,,adjectives ,! g5]al =m is = ! comp>ative & = ! sup]lative1 ! g5d]s foll[+ ! type ( ! sub/antives ( ! fir/ & second decl5sions1 z 1 j1 1 2 also1 to avoid ! concurr5ce ( f\r %ort syllables unfav\rable to ! dactylic rhy?m ( ! e>ly poetry1 ! 9 c]ta9 cases becomes 1 & ! 1 1 z-- 1 wise1 1 4 ,s-- 1 t]rible4 1 difficult4 1 pla94 ,adjectives 9 1 1 1 & 9 1 1 add ! & to ! neut]1 z-- 1 black1 1 -4 1 true1 1 -4 1 accurate1 1 -2 a t]m9ation :i* is assum$ also by adjectives 9 1 z 1 happy1 1-4 ,"s adjectives are comp>$ by 1-1 & 1-1-1 z-- 1 beautiful2 1 m beautiful2 1 v beautiful4 1 sweet1 1 4 1 swift2 = 1 swift]2 & 1 v swift4 ,?is =m belongs also to "s common irregul> comp>isons z-- 1 1 1 good1 bett]1 be/4 1 great1 1 4 1 bad1 1 4 1 _m1 1 2 :i* foll[ 9 decl5sion ! law ( ! sub/antives ( ! same type1 z 1 2 1-1 plural 1 contract$ 4 ,comp>atives are ei!r accompani$ ) a g5itive or foll[$ by --z 1 ! son is tall] ?an ! fa!r--or 4 1 ?is "y man is mu* less ?an 8 si/]2 he is a dw>f4 1 ! holy scripture says t ,saul 0 by f> ! talle/ ( all 8 fell[ citiz5s4 1 b n ! wise/4 1 wisdom is bett] ?an /ature4 2 h[ _m irregul> v]bs are !re 9 ! ,greek tongue8 1 ,i d n "k4 1 1 on ?is po9t y mu/ consult ! oracle1 ,veit*4 1 a t]rible multitude4 1 m ?an ! cr[s 9 ! field4 1 y say :at is v true4 1 ,i say :at = me at lea/ is a v pa9ful & a v difficult bus9ess4 1 1 don't despair2 !re are _m bad ?+s 9 life1 b ! wor/ is despair4 2 & ( ! good ?+s 9 life :i* is be/8 1 fai?4 1 z ! prophet ,habakkuk says1 ! j man %all live by fai?4 1 a ^w ?an :i* no?+ m true is f\nd 9 holy scripture4 1 1 fai? is ! fa!r ( c\rage1 & c\rage is ! fa!r ( manly de$s4 1 admirable4 1 1 a beautiful say+1 b m beautiful is ! de$4 1 )\t ! de$ spee* is ! mo/ empty ( all ?+s4 1 m light ?an *aff4 1 & n less b>r54 1 f>ewell4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,new4 ,polygon4 ,hagiography4 ,tactics4 ,cr[4 ,biology4 ,prophet4 ,en]getic4 ,ple?ora4 ,,lesson ,,vii ,,! ,,future ,,active ,! *>act]i/ic lett] ( ! future t5se is 1 ins]t$ be=e ! t]m9ations t m>k ! p]sons1 ?us3 1 ,i loos52 1 ,i w2 1 ?\ wilt2 1 he w2 1 we w2 1 ye w2 1 !y w loos54 ,( c\rse by ins]t+ ?is 1 a prec$+ consonant1 :]e ! root is labial1 unit+ ) x =ms a 1 z above 9 n\ns 7,lesson ,,iv1 #c72 & 9 ! same way1 :5 ! f9al v[el ( ! root is a palatal ! or appe>s z --s1 f 1 ,i see1 2 f 1 ,i say1 4 ,b !re are sev]al v>iations1 :i* w be le>n$ by practice2 ! foll[+ are dom9ant3-- 77 ,v]bs ) two consonants be=e ! ( ! pres5t eject ! latt] be=e ins]t+ ! 1 s t ! or ( ! root unit$ ) ! becomes a 1 z 9 1 2 1 ,i cut1 2 1 ,i dig1 2 1 ,i write1 4 77 ,! same rule holds ) _m v]bs 9 1 ,attic 1 ! root end+ 9 or 1 z 1 ,i d1 root 1 future 2 1 ,i arrange1 4 77 ,v]bs 9 h ei!r or 1 or bo?1 z 1 ,i admire1 2 1 ,i nod1 or 2 1 to c>ry (f1 1 9 ,attic2 1 to c>ry1 4 77 ,pure v]bs g5]ally l5g!n ! v[el ( ! pres5t1 be+ *ang$ into 1 except :]e a v[el or prec$es ! 1 z-- 1 ,i hon\r1 4 1 ,i love1 4 1 ,i %[1 4 ,b-- 1 ,i break1 4 1 ,i lab\r at1 4 ,b "s 9 pref] 1 z 1 ,i f9i%1 2 1 to tremble1 2 1 to boil1 4 77 ,liquid v]bs %ort5 ! long v[el ( ! root1 or ?r[ out ! la/ ( two consonants 9 ! root1 & lay a circumflex acc5t on ! t]m9ation 1 z-- 1 ,i rema91 4 1 ,i s[1 4 1 ,i %[1 4 1 ,i ?r[1 4 1 ,i cut1 4 1 n[ inde$ y fright5 me2 ?is future t5se is t]rible4 1 1 ridicul\s2 ,i w n p]mit y to speak ?us2 say r1 z ! prov]b has x1 all excell5t ?+s are difficult4 1 ,i w say s4 1 h fai?4 1 ,i w believe & conqu]4 1 y\r fa!r w praise y4 1 ,i d n d\bt x4 1 y w %[ a manly _s4 1 ,i w look manfully 9 ! face ( ! devil & n tremble4 2 :at is t paun*y fell[ digg+ at 9 ! mead[8 1 he is digg+ a tr5*4 1 he is digg+ ! f\ndations ( a gr& h\se4 1 n at all2 su* a fell[ we w n admire4 1 1 1 he is a bungl]4 ,he has lab\r1 b no skill4 ,he w cut 8 f+] ) 8 knife "s day1 & dig 8 own grave4 ,su* is wont to be ! end ( ! unle>n$4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,hydrophobia4 ,*ronology4 ,*ronic4 ,&rew4 ,idiot4 ,p5ury4 ,te*nical4 ,polyte*nic4 ,idiosyncrasy4 ,pa$eutics4 ,,lesson ,,viii ,,! ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,! fir/ aori/ or indef9ite pa/ t5se foll[s ! type ( ! future1 ) a be=e ! p]sonal t]m9ations1 & an augm5t prefix$ to ! :ole ^w1 z a sign ( ! pa/ t5se1 ?us-- 1 ,i w d4 1 -1 -1 ,i1 ?\1 he did 1 -1 -1 we1 y1 !y ,9 liquid v]bs1 :]e ! future has no 1 ! aori/ l5g!ns ! v[el ( ! p5ult1 z-- ,!re is ano!r =m ( ! pa/ 9 - - - - - - z = 1 :i* "s v]bs pref]1 z 9 1 ,i ?rew1 f 1 2 f 1 & "s h bo?1 z 1 1 ,i br\ght1 irregul> f 1 ,i br+1 future 1 ,i w br+4 1 ,i "k1 has 1 1 1 ,i1 ?\1 he "k4 1 1 1 we1 y1 !y & ) ! pa/ p>ticiple1 1 -4 1 1 1 ,i1 ?\1 he knew4 1 1 1 we1 y1 !y 1 1 1 :at ,i did ye/]day y w d to-morr[2 y are always beh9d4 2 :o cut ! leaves ( t beautiful book8 1 ,i did4 1 1 1 v]ily y cut x ) a blunt knife2 besides1 y\r f+]s are fil?y4 1#e ,i w wa% my h&s4 #e ,a dual numb] = 1 :i* bo? 9 n\ns & v]bs ! ,greeks sometimes us$ = a pair ( p]sons or ?+s4 ,see ! gramm>4 1 2 ,i gave t girl an apple1 & ! boy seiz$ x4 ,:o taught him t trick8 1 an evil g5ius4 2 :o ?rew ! /one8 1 ! boy 9 ! g>d54 1 he is a lawless boy4 1 ye/]day he broke a glass pane 9 my /udy w9d[4 1 n s2 ! cat 0 ! s9n]2 ! bloody nose ( ! animal decl>$ its s94 7,attic 7 1 ! book :i* ,i gave y ye/]day y w h& ov] to y\r si/]2 %e is a good girl1 & wor?y ( a good book4 2 :o built ?is *ur*8 1 an ar*itect4 1 1 n an ar*itect1 a /onemason4 1 1 = a true ar*itect is a poet2 & ! edifice :i* he rais$ ye/]day rema9s a /one poem to-morr[ & = ev]1 z "o may see 9 ,egypt4 2 :o saw ! boy :o cut ! bran* ( t tree8 1 ,i saw him4 1 br+ him to me2 ,i w flog ! rascal4 1 he %all h no d9n] to-day4 1 or d9e ) ! pigs4 1 ,i gave him good advice4 1 9 va94 1 he did n he>4 1 he is deaf4 1 yes1 deaf to ! c\nsel ( ! wise4 ' 1 ye/]day he clos$ 8 e>s to ! ^w ( ! wise ,solomon3 ! eyes ( a fool are 9 ! ends ( ! e>?4 1 1 he he>d ! ^w1 b he did n take 9 ! s5se4 1 8 fooli% bro!r fill$ 8 bra9 ) va9 imag9ations4 1 & he believ$ 8 bro!r r ?an ! holy scripture4 1 sad6 sad6 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,egotism4 ,practice4 ,foliation4 ,*iromancy4 ,! ,p>!non4 ,didactic4 ,te*nical4 ,cacodemon4 ,li?otomy4 ,rh9oc]os4 ,zoology4 ,aga?a4 ,hi]>*y4 ,d5dritis4 ,div9e4 ,acrobat4 ,geography4 ,logic4 ,hagiology4 ,hagiolatry4 ,graphic4 ,,lesson ,,ix ,,inf9itive ,,mood ,,& ,,p>ticiples ,! inf9itive mood gives ! action ( ! v]b sub/antively z we use ! p>ticiple 9 see+ is a good ?+1 b 9 ,greek1 z 9 ,lat91 always ! inf9itive1 z 1 & decl9$ ) ! article l a n\n1 ?r\gh all ! cases1 ( c\rse neut]1 z ! g5d] does n lie 9 ! action1 b 9 ! actor4 ,its normal end+ 9 ! active voice is 1 z 9 ! pres5t 1 to ?r[1 & second aori/ 2 b 9 fir/ aori/ its t]m9ation is 1 z 1 f 4 ,pure v]bs foll[ _! v[el1 z 1 to hon\r2 1 to love4 ,l sub/antives1 v]bal inf9itives are gov]n$ by prepositions ?r\gh all ! cases1 z 1 ab\t2 1 f beside2 1 )2 1 91 & into--z 1 ab\t smok+ ,i say mod]ation is be/4 ,p>ticiples are v]bal adjectives decl9$ z su*1 & signify+ ! quality or accid5t ( a c]ta9 /ate ( be+ or action belong+ to an ag5t4 ,! p>ticiples ( ! pres5t & ( ! second aori/ are decl9$ 9 mascul9e & neut] accord+ to ! type ( ! second decl5sion1 9 fem99e accord+ to ! fir/1 z-- 1 1 1 he1 %e1 or x -1 1 1 ( him1 h]1 or x /rik+4 1 1 1 to him1 h]1 or x ,! fir/ aori/ p>ticiple be>s ! type ( ! ?ird decl5sion1 z 9 1 1 a giant--s 1 hav+ made2 fem99e 1 neut] 4 g5itive1 - - -4 dative1 - - -4 objective1 - - -4 ,pure v]bs h a long v[el or diph?ong3 ?us1 f 2 did y see t boy walk+ 9 ! g>d58 1 ,i did4 1 1 walk+ is good & heal?y1 b n = him :o /ole ! apples4 1 9 hon\r+ ! que5 y hon\r ! /ate ( :i* %e is ! head4 1 1 ab\t sleep+ ,i prescribe no?+ curi\sly2 only ?is "o ?+ ,i say1 t to lie 9 b$ m ?an eight h\rs is n heal?y4 1 y say well4 1 at lea/ = ^? :o h a heal?y body4 1 = ly+ idle damages bo? body & s\l4 1 1 1 1 c]ta9ly1 = to d any?+ contr>y to ! sy/em ( ! univ]se de/roys ! s\l1 z ,james ! apo/le ( good works says1 8to him t kn[e? :at is good & doe? x n1 to him x is s940 1 to ! great talk] !re is great dang]4 1 b 9 speak+ little !re is great safety4 1 a good libr>y is useful to get great k4 2 1 c]ta9ly1 b n always = wise liv+4 1 x is possible t _m books may conf\nd weak bra9s4 1 1 z !y say1 _m cooks spoil ! bro?4 1 & 9 ! same way1 a great quantity ( furniture1 beyond :at is prop] & com=table1 fills up ! room1 & inconv5i5ces ^? :o ent]4 4 1 wise4 ,all excess is bad4 1 ! wisdom ( ,ari/otle3 safety lies 9 ! mean4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,p]ipatetics4 ,hygi5e4 ,cleptomania4 ,hypnotism4 ,sy/em4 ,psy*ology4 ,apo/le4 ,polyan?us4 ,trope4 ,hyp]bole4 ,ple?ora4 ,,lesson ,x ,,! ,,o!r ,,pa/ ,,t5ses ,! imp]fect1 ) ! augm5t prefix$ z ! sign ( ! pa/1 is z foll[s2 f -- -1 -1 -1 ,i1 ?\1 he 0 cutt+4 -1 -1 -1 we1 y1 !y 7 ,pure v]bs contract into 0 0 0 0 0 z 9-- into 0 0 0 0 0 z 9-- ,! pres5t p]fect1 or ! imm$iately pa/ p]fect1 9 addition to ! augm5t1 r$uplicates ! initial consonant ( ! root1 & its t]m9ations are-- -1 -1 -1 ,i1 ?\1 he has 444 -1 -1 -1 we1 y1 !y h 444 ,x *anges also ! ( ! future into a -- -- b ?is 1 :5 ! root ends 9 or 1 appe>s z 2 ?us-- & 9 ! same way ! f9al ( ! root appe>s z 2 ?us-- ,9 ! plup]fect1 :i* is n (t5 us$1 ! same r$uplication takes place1 & ! t]m9ations are-- - - - - - - or - z 9-- 1 1 ,i 0 beat+ ! boy1 :5 ! policeman ent]+ took me to prison4 1 ,i h writt5 a lett] to y\r fa!r say+ t y are a well-behav$ "y man4 1 ,i happ5$ to be ly+ on my back 9 ! b$ :5 a rat1 leap+ ov] ! b$cov]1 gave me a great fright4 1 & ) good reason4 2 & n[1 :]e is ! %ameless creature8 1 my little ,skye t]ri] has j snapp$ x up4 1 s]v$ x "r6 2 :]e is my ink/&8 1 1 1 ,i h f\nd x1 ,i h f\nd x1 9 ! ba?room4 1 /range2 ,i 0 n writ+ 9 ! ba?room4 1 ,i d n see my p54 1 "h x is2 ,i f\nd x 9 ! d9+-room4 1 1 1 1 ! cat 0 play+ ) y\r p51 & ) y\r hat1 & y\r plaid1 & y\r boots1 & mak+ a t]rible r[4 1 kill ! brute6 1 1 1 n at all2 y y\rself are to blame1 :o left ! room 9 great disord]1 & ! cat has f9i%$ y\r "w4 1 y are "r4 1 & ,i h committ$ an act ( great folly4 1 ,i rep5t ( ! bus9ess4 1 f>ewell4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,h>py4 ,graphic4 ,epi/le4 ,tropic4 ,! ,cosmos4 ,cosmetic4 ,big4 ,melan*oly4 ,p>adox4 ,autonomy4 ,pragmatic4 ,,lesson ,,xi ,,v]bs ,,9 ,! great mass ( ,greek v]bs1 :atev] _! v>iations ( p]son & t5se may be1 agree 9 ?is "o prom95t feature1 t ! fir/ p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t indicative ends 9 1 z 9 ,lat9 1 possibly a relic ( ! pron\n 1 ,i4 ,b !re is a small class ( v]bs 9 famili> use :i*1 in/ead ( ! 1 affix to ! fir/ p]son 1 evid5tly id5tical ) ! ,engli% me & ! ,g]man mi*--a confusion ( ! nom9ative & accusative cases famili> to our e>s 9 ,fr5* & vulg> ,engli%1 :5 we say x is me in/ead ( x is ,i4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! orig9al =m ( ! v]bs 9 1 z a matt] ( practice1 if we fl+ (f ! f ! pres5t1 ! future & ! t5ses cognate ) x may be =m$ directly f an assum$ =m 9 3 ?us 1 ,i cause to /&1 1 ,i w cause to /&1 z if f 2 1 ,i place1 1 ,i w place1 z if f 2 1 ,i %[1 1 ,i w %[1 z if f 2 & 1 ,i give1 future 1 ,i w give1 z if f 1 ! ,lat9 d evid5tly pres]v+ ! simple =m f :i* comes by ! prefix ( & ! suffix 4 ,pres5t 1 1 1 ,i1 ?\1 he cause to /&4 1 1 1 we1 y1 !y ,imp]fect ,second ,aori/ ,! middle & passive voice foll[ ! =m ( ! regul> v]b4 ,! p]fect active ( 1 1 is us$ z a pres5t ) a neut] s5se1 ,i /&1 & 9 l mann]1 ! plup]fect 1 & ! #bnd aori/ 1 ,i /ood4 & its analogues h = ! 9 ! plural1 & fir/ aori/ in/ead ( 2 & 9 ! same way 1 to s5d1 has fir/ aori/ 1 ,i s5t2 s also has 1 ,i gave1 n 4 ,! irregul> v]bs 1 ,i am1 1 ,i g 7usually future3 ,i w g71 evid5tly fall "u ?is s*eme4 ,= 1 ,i am1 see supra1 ,lesson ,i4 ,! v]b to g has 1 ,i g2 1 ?\ art go+2 1 he is go+2 1 we are go+2 1 y are go+2 1 !y are go+4 ,imp]ative 1 g4 1 1 ' 1 begone1 begone6 y h no bus9ess 9 t seat2 ,i w plant y "h4 1 1 ,i /& :]e ,i /&1 & ,i sit :]e ,i sit4 1 1 2 ,i gave ! pretty book to y1 & y gave x to t little girl4 ,d y s despise me & my gift8 1 ,i und]/& :at y say2 b ! "y lady w be m pr(it$ by ! book ?an ,i4 1 y are v humble4 1 n at all2 ,i love ! girl4 1 likely en\gh4 2 :at d p say ab\t ,glad/one8 1 1 1 !y admire him1 ) good reason1 z a great speak]1 also z an exp]t & apt f9anci]1 & besides a great ,greek & ,italian s*ol>4 1 #f 1 1 1 1 v true2 if !y _h made him pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ! univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 he w\ld n h /ood bel[ ,boeckh1 or ,h]mann1 or ,mll]1 or any ( ! ,g]mans :o are mo/ di/+ui%$ = great le>n+4 #f ,= ! use ( ! p>ticle "h & bel[ see ,lesson ,,xv infra4 1 & s he might h happily escap$ ! great bo!r & ! corruption ( political life4 1 possibly2 h[ev] no man c escape 8 de/9y4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,/&4 ,sit4 ,seat4 ,d[ry4 ,philology4 ,ma!matics4 ,empiric4 ,dynamics4 ,logic4 ,gramm>4 ,allopa?y4 ,biology4 ,,lesson ,,xii ,,comp\nd ,,v]bs ,v]bs comp\nd$ ) a preposition place ! augm5t & r$uplication betwe5 ! preposition & ! v]b4 ,except & all prepositions end+ 9 a v[el h ! v[el elid$ be=e ! augm5t2 g5]ally =ms a crasis ) ! augm5t & becomes 4 ,! 9 & 1 :i* _h be5 assimilat$ 9 ! pres5t1 is resum$ be=e ! augm5t4 ,! prepositions t mo/ frequ5tly occur 9 comp\nd v]bs are-- 1 r\nd ab\t1 z 9 ,engli% p]iph]y4 1 (f or away f1 z 9 apogee4 1 "u1 z 9 hypocrite4 1 91 z 9 en]gy4 1 into4 1 toge!r1 z 9 sympa?y4 1 be=e1 z 9 prophet4 1 alongside or away1 z 9 p>allel1 p>asite4 1 in/ead (1 opposite to1 z 9 antidote4 1 ) or aft]1 z 9 metaphysics4 1 t[>d1 z 9 proselyte4 1 up or back1 z 9 anatomy4 1 d[n1 z 9 catalepsy4 1 on or ^u1 z 9 epilogue4 1 my true fri5d ?rew 8 cloak r\nd my %\ld]s z a protection aga9/ ! cold4 1 put on my %oes4 1 ,i flung away ! old-fa%ion$ %oes2 ^? ( ! new fa%ion are m elegant4 1 ?anks to y = ! pretty gift4 1 to-day ! wea!r has *ang$ = ! worse4 1 q natural1 at lea/ 9 our c\ntry1 :]e ! wea!r is nev] /eady4 1 1 ye/]day ,i w5t d[n to ! pi] & saw ! big /eamboat4 2 did x please y or n8 1 ,i admir$ x exce$+ly4 2 did y n g on bo>d8 1 ,i did1 & saw ! capta9 & a great numb] ( ! crew4 1 aft]w>ds ,i w5t d[n into ! hold1 & saw ) wond] c\ntless piles ( b>rels1 boxes & *e/s1 baskets1 & all sorts ( /uff4 1 1 1 !n ,i came up1 & look$ on ! blue sky1 & ?ank$ ,god4 1 1 la/ly1 ,i ga!r$ up my *attels1 & /& be=e y ) a :ole sk94 1 1 1 good luck be ) y2 y are a lucky dog2 y always fall on y\r feet l ! cats4 1 ,i am n bl9d1 & am accu/om$ to d ev]y?+ ) =eca/+ eyes4 1 a wise man y6 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,philan?ropy4 ,/eady4 ,navy4 ,holl[4 ,*e/4 ,!ology4 ,epid]mis4 ,physiology4 ,patriot4 ,atmosph]e4 ,ple?ora4 ,podagra4 ,,lesson ,,xiii ,,moods3 ,,subjunctive ,,& ,,conditional ,! subjunctive or conjunctive mood is ! =m :i* ! v]b takes :5 no indep5d5t ass]tion is made z a fact1 b only z a sequ5ce ( an ass]t$ fact or tru?1 & hav+ only a second>y or conditional exi/5ce2 z if ,i %\ld say 9 ,engli%1 ,i give y ?is1 t x may be 9 y\r p[] to d s & s1 ! second>y s5t5ce prec$$ by t is altoge!r dep5d5t on ! prec$5t ?+ done1 ,i give y ?is4 ,9 ?is example ! sub/antival proposition is 9 ! pres5t indicative1 & ! subjunctive nature ( ! dep5d5t s5t5ce is express$ by ! auxili>y v]b may2 b1 if ! lead+ clause is 9 ! pa/ t5se1 ! dep5d5t clause is express$ by might1 :i* 9 fact is ! pa/ t5se ( may1 z ,i gave y ?is t y might4 ,9 ,greek ?is pa/ conditional is1 f a peculi> usage1 commonly call$ ! optative mood4 ,9 ! pres5t lesson we %all conf9e ourselves to ! dep5d5t t5se subjo9$ to a pres5t or a future4 ,! =m ( ! subjunctive is v simple1 consi/+ z x does 9 ! m]e *ange ( ! t]m9ational v[el or diph?ong ( ! pres5t into & -- -1 -1 -1 ,i1 ?\1 he may /rike2 -1 -1 -1 we1 y1 !y & 9 ! fir/ & second aori/ ! same--1 1 1-1 -4 ,! subjunctive mood is (t5 introduc$ by or 1 1 & 1 & :5 a negative p>ticle belongs to x1 x is 1 n 4 1 ,i give y ?is book t y may und]/& h[ difficult ! matt] is on :i* y 7 writ+4 1 1 if y don't "w out ! lessons1 ,i w n tea* y4 1 ' 1 if y cut y\r f+] ) t %>p knife1 ! blame is n ) me4 1 1 f9i% ! "w t lies be=e y1 t ! leav+s ( to-day may n di/urb y to-morr[4 1 1 take ! pok] & /ir ! fire1 t ! weight ( ! coals may n *oke ! flame4 1 1 if y d n take c>e ( ! flame1 y w burn ! sleeves ( y\r coat4 1 1 br+ me ,hom] f ! %elf1 t ,i may he> :at he says ab\t ! beauty ( wom54 1 "h x is4 1 read x4 ' 1 beautiful & tall1 & skilful 9 ta/eful works4 4 1 excell5t4 ,! s+]'s ladies 7 no idl]s4 1 !y 7 imitators ( _! patron goddess ,pallas1 wise 9 all t relates to life4 1 1 fl+ ! dog into ! wat]1 t he may le>n to swim4 ---- 1 !re he goes--he swims--:at a clev] creature6 1 d y ! same4 1 no2 ,i fe> ! wave w ov]:elm me4 1 nons5se2 ! human body is light] ?an ! wat]4 1 x is n ! wat] t w dr[n y1 b fe>4 1 likely en\gh2 nev]!less ,i hold by ! dry l&4 1 4 1 y are wise1 b ! animal is m clev]4 ,adieu4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,an?racite4 ,b>omet]4 ,phlogi/on4 ,cau/ic4 ,f]ry4 ,mimetic4 ,pantomime4 ,hydropa?y4 ,baptize4 ,an?ropology4 ,dext]ity4 ,,lesson ,,xiv ,,! ,,optative ,,mood ,! optative mood1 or subjunctive 9 a hi/oric sequ5ce aft] a pa/ t5se1 is di/+ui%$ by ! dom9ation ( ! diph?ong 1 & runs ?us-- 1 ,i advise4 1 1 1 ,i1 ?\1 he might 1 1 1 we1 y1 !y advise4 ,& s 9 ! second aori/1 :]e !re is "o1 z 1 1 1 etc41 f 1 might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld get4 ,9 ! fir/ aori/ ! v[el rules1 & becomes 1 z s+ul>1 1 or 1 or 2 plural1 1 1 or 4 ,! mo/ common uses ( ! optative may be classifi$ ?us-- 7#a7 ,9 n>rat+ :at "s "o said1 )\t gu>antee+ ! fact2 z if ,i %\ld say 9 ,engli%1 he said t he 7 go+ to d s1 in/ead ( 02 e4g4 1 he said t x 0 n easy = a man "y & vehem5t to control 8 passions4 7#b7 ,to express a purpose or consequ5ce 9 pa/ "t1 ) 1 1 or 1 z 1 he lab\r$ /eadily t he might ga9 a prize4 7#c7 ,aft] 1 if1 to express an indef9ite future1 g5]ally ) 9 ! dep5d5t clause1 z 1 1 if "o gave me ! *oice1 ,i %\ld pref] to /udy ,greek r ?an ,italian4 7#d7 ,to express a wi% 7f :i* use ! "n optative came71 z 1 may x n happ5--,god =bid6 1 1 my fri5d advis$ me to leap into ! wat] t ,i might le>n to swim l a dog2 b ,i am n su* a fool4 1 1 y say well2 ,i mu/ confess danc+ is m agreeable1 b swimm+ is sometimes m useful1 especially 9 a %ipwreck4 1 1 an acqua9tance ( m9e told me t he is practis+ swimm+ to escape ! dang]s ( ! sea4 1 a wise man he4 1 =e?\ght is ! %ield ( ! wise4 1 he>+ ! cock cr[ ,i =?) %ook (f sleep1 & ran at full spe$ t ,i might n be too late = ! games4 1 & ,i ran (f )\t my plaid1 t ,i might n miss s spl5did a spectacle4 2 :at did y see !re8 1 ,i saw a huge bag full ( hydrog5 gas4 1 1 & a man inside1 sail+ ?r\gh ! air1 t he might make a rabble ( p />e at him1 z "o go+ to pay a visit to ! man 9 ! moon4 1 ,o :at folly6 1 fool admires fool4 1 1 z he 0 com+ d[n a /rong bla/ sudd5ly seiz$ him & drove him on to ! /eeple ( ! ca!dral1 & ! cock on ! top ( ! /eeple pi]c$ 8 b[els4 1 ,o ! poor wret*6 1 1 ,o ! fool6 s]v$ him "r6 birds ought to tread ! air1 n m54 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,ma!matics4 ,homologate4 ,or*e/ra4 ,ode4 ,agony4 ,!atre4 ,acrobat4 ,o*locracy4 ,sceptic4 ,orni?ology4 ,fugitive4 ,hypnotism4 ,pa?ology4 ,e!r4 ,,lesson ,,xv ,,! ,,p>ticle ,besides ! use ( ) ! optative 9 ref]5ce to a future probability1 notic$ 9 ! la/ lesson1 x is jo9$ 9 ,greek ) ! pa/ t5ses1 ! imp]fect or aori/s1 to express :at might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h tak5 place 9 pa/ "t if some?+ else _h happ5$1 or _h n happ5$1 z 1 y w\ld h done :at is "r if y _h done ?is4 1 1 1 if ,i _h kn[n y\r "*1 ,i w\ld n h giv5 y ! money4 2 h[ h ,i done wrong8 1 1 y squ&]$ y\r money uselessly4 ,if y _h _h s5se1 y w\ld n h sp5t x all on a fleet+ pleasure4 1 1 if y _h be5 wise1 y w\ld h sav$ "s ( to-day's treasure = to-morr['s ne$4 1 1 ,i %\ld h be5 a fool1 dream+ ( ! future & miss+ ! pres5t pleasure4 1 :5 y speak ?us ! ants & ! bees confute y4 1 2 if ,bruce _h n ga9$ ! victory at ,bannockburn1 :at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce8 1 dom9ant ,engl& w\ld h caus$ ! ,scot to disappe> f ! face ( ! e>?4 1 & ?is w\ld h be5 a great piece ( good luck4 1 1 "s ?9k s & "s n4 1 2 :at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce if ,alex&]1 ! son ( ,philip1 _h n ga9$ ! battle ( ,arbela8 1 1 ! ,p]sian w\ld h cont9u$ lord+ x ov] ! ,ea/1 & ! ,apo/les w\ld n h prea*$ ! gospel 9 ,greek2 = x 0 ! son ( ,philip t introduc$ ,greek le>n+ into all ! ,ea/4 1 1 ,alex&] ! ,great truly 0 ! tor*-be>] ( ,greek wisdom & ! h>b+] ( ! gospel4 1 v true4 4 1 & n[ en\gh ( ?is v s]viceable p>ticle 4 ,adieu6 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,e?ics4 ,t]psi*ore4 ,ephem]al4 ,treasure4 ,alex&]4 ,despot4 ,anatolia4 ,evangel4 ,angel4 ,s*eme4 ,geography4 ,apo/le4 ,p$agogue4 ,,lesson ,,xvi ,,! ,,passive ,,voice express+ n :at a man does to ano!r p]son or ?+ by ! putt+ =? ( 8 active =ce1 b :at he suff]s f ! active =ce ( ano!r1 has its *>act]i/ic =m 9 ,greek z foll[s-- ,pres5t ,indicative-- -1 -1 -1 ,i1 ?\1 he is p]suad$4 -1 -1 -1 we1 y1 !y are ,subjunctive1 ) ! long v[el z 9 ! active voice-- - - - - - - & optative ) -- - - - - - - ,imp]fect ,future - - - - - - ,fir/ ,aori/ - - - - - - ,optative-- s+ul>1 - - - plural1 - - - ,9 ! p]fect z 9 ! active voice ! r$uplication takes place1 z-- ,c]ta9 v]bs h a second aori/1 z 1 ,i s5d1 n b 1 ,i 0 s5t2 & pure v]bs h ! *>act]i/ic contraction ( ! v[el into a diph?ong1 z = 2 b ^! v>iations are be/ le>n$ by practice4 1 1 ! ,apo/les 7 s5t to prea* ! gospel1 & !y prea*$ x ) p[]4 1 1 :5 ! ,apo/les prea*$ ! gospel 9 ,a!ns1 few 7 p]suad$4 1 t bad fell[ /ruck me a heavy bl[ ) 8 cudgel1 & my back 0 sev]ely w\nd$4 2 !n :at happ5$8 1 1 "o ( ! policem5 :o keep ! peace ( ! city laid hold ( him1 & he 0 =?) ca/ into prison4 1 s]v$ him "r4 1 q natural2 all lawless & viol5t p]sons w naturally be ca/ into prison2 = su* p]sons are n m51 b relat$ to tig]s4 1 2 woe's me1 ,i am /ruck6 :5ce came ! bl[8 1 1 my acqua9tance ,john ,cam]on1 play+ at golf on ! l9ks1 /ruck 8 ball obliquely & x 0 driv5 aga9/ y\r head4 ----1 ,o woe's me1 woe6 1 ,o poor fell[4 2 :at mu/ we d8 1 1 take him to ! infirm>y & call ! doctor2 x is a dang]\s bus9ess4 1 in/antly2 he %all be call$4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,olig>*y4 ,plague4 ,toxicology4 ,phylact]ies4 ,tig]4 ,sph]e4 ,nosology4 ,call4 ,physic4 ,,lesson ,,xvii ,,! ,,middle ,,voice ,! middle voice1 or1 z x might m significantly be call$1 ! reflexive or ! subjective voice1 is a =m ( ! v]b :]e ! action does n pass on f ! ag5t to an outw>d object1 b comes back on him1 or 9 "s loose way is look$ on z done = 8 b5efit1 or affect+ himself specially4 ,?us x is 9 ! ma9 id5tical ) :at 9 ,lat9 gramm> us$ to be call$ neut] v]bs1 only x is subject to n a few nice %ades ( p]sonal ref]5ce1 :i* leads to its app>5t confusion ) ! active voice1 & to v>i\s anomal\s usages :i* c only be le>n$ by practice4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 9 /rictness m ne>ly alli$ to ! passive ?an to ! active voice2 = 9 bo? ^! voices1 z di/+ui%$ f ! active1 ! =ce ( ! v]b is ei!r altoge!r sp5t on ! ag5t1 or is 9 "s way passively or emotionally or int5tionally connect$ ) him4 ,?is intimate relation%ip leads to a simil>ity ( =m 9 ! two voices1 ! pres5t & imp]fect middle be+ 9 fact id5tical ) ! same t5ses 9 ! passive voice1 & ! o!r t5ses1 9 _! *>act]i/ic *anges1 m alli$ to ! passive ?an to ! active4 ,future ,indicative ,fir/ ,aori/ 1 1 ,i _h ! good luck to h no common tea*]s ( wisdom1 b n[ ) good reason ,i pr(ess wisdom = myself4 1 1 ,i receiv$ ! book :i* y got f y\r c\s91 & ,i w read x c>efully4 1 ?is "y man runs furi\sly2 he w hurt himself4 1 ,i am n afraid4 1 he is a /eady-foot$ fell[4 1 ?is "y man /oops mis]ably d[n into 8 books2 he w we> himself away1 /uff+ himself ) read+4 4 1 1 1 d n rep9e4 ,all ?+s gr[ ripe by degrees4 ,! smalle/ se$s beg9n+ ) ! spr+ by h>ve/ "t w become l>ge plants4 1 1 ?is fell[ sails out ) full sails1 b we %all n fall beh9d4 1 to-day we h f9e wea!r4 1 b x w ra9 to-morr[4 1 1 alas1 alas6 !re is no cont9uity or p]man5ce ( wea!r 9 ,scotl&4 1 1 true2 only ! "* ( ! ,scots boa/s ( /ead9ess & p]man5ce4 ,! ,scotti% "* is /rong z ! ,ab]de5 granite4 1 ?ank ,god6 myself boa/ t ,i h a fair %>e ( ?is p]si/5t temp]am5t4 4 1 & ) good reason2 p]sev]ance is ! pl$ge ( success4 ,f>ewell4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,didactic4 ,sophi/4 ,/udy4 ,new4 ,e>ly4 ,v]nal4 ,*ronology4 ,grace4 ,hyp]trophy4 ,idiosyncrasy4 ,or?ography4 ,acme4 ,phytology4 ,,lesson ,,xviii ,,p>ticiples ,! ,greek p>ticiple has a l>ge range ( idiomatic & significant usages1 :i* c only be le>n$ by read+4 ,= a />t1 h[ev]1 x may be en\gh to say t ! p>ticiple foll[s ! lead+ v]b ( ! s5t5ce 9 _m cases :]e bo? ,lat9 & ,engli% use ! inf9itive1 & t :5 jo9$ ) ! def9ite article ! p>ticiple p]=ms ! function ( a relative clause 9 a less =mal /yle2 z if 9 ,engli%1 in/ead ( ! man :o us$ su* language is n a g5tleman1 we %\ld say ! man ! hav+ us$1 :i* no d\bt s\nds v clumsy1 because we require an auxili>y v]b to express ! pa/ p>ticiple1 b 9 ,greek is manife/ly neat] & m succ9ct ?an 4 1 ,i _c /& to be sl&]$ 9 ?is way4 1 nev] m9d2 nev] m9d2 ,i "k ! creature2 x is 8 delight always to be speak+ ill ( m5 bett] ?an himself4 2 :at 0 he sl&]+ ab\t8 1 1 ,i happ5$ to be prais+ a g5tleman ( ! influ5tial classes 9 ,man*e/]1 ri* & good & s5sible1 & =?) he began to d5\nce 9 a sweep+ /yle all ! plutocracy & ! ari/ocracy ( ! c\ntry4 1 1 1 he appe>s to be a calumniator1 & a c\s9-g]man ( ! evil ,_s1 ! ,devil4 1 1 & he w5t on to use insol5t language1 say+ 7or imply+7 t ,i 0 a p>asite & a flunkey ( ! dete/able faction ( ! olig>*s2 & 9 addition to all ?is he got ?is insult+ language pr9t$ 9 ! newspap]s4 1 1 4 1 su* ill-tongu$ rascals %\ld h be5 flogg$2 b1 z ,i said be=e1 nev] m9d4 ,x is pla9 t ! man :o says has conqu]$ 8 passion4 1 possibly2 b ,i am consci\s t ,i d n pr(ess ! apa?y ( ! ,quak]4 4 1 nev] m9d2 nev] m9d2 he is ?ree times conqu]or :o has conqu]$ 8 passion4 ,ang] is a brief madness4 ,,engli% ,,aff9ities ,devil4 ,blasphemy4 ,dynamics4 ,dyna/y4 ,plutocracy4 ,ari/ocracy4 ,cacodemon4 ,p>asite4 ,h]esy4 ,olig>*y4 ,type4 ,ephem]al4 ,apa?y4 ,maniac4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,elem5t>y ,,h9ts ,,on ,,etymology 7#a7 ,9 borr[$ words1 especially :5 ! borr[+ language1 z ,engli%1 does n deal l>gely 9 s\nd+ t]m9ations1 x is a common practice to let ! t]m9ation drop1 ei!r altoge!r or p>tly1 & leave only ! simple root1 z f 1 lamp2 f 1 democracy2 f 1 cacophony1 & o!r su* fem99es1 z !ology1 philology1 :]e ! is dropp$1 & ! acc5t transf]r$ to ! antep5ultimate aft] ! fav\rite ,engli% fa%ion1 :ile ! ,g]man1 m fai?ful to ! ,greek1 pres]ves ! acc5t$ 1 & m>ks ! pres5ce ( ! by an e1 z 9 ,!ologi1 ,philologi4 7#b7 ,z ! ,greek elem5t 9 ! ,engli% language (t5 comes to u n directly f ! ,greek1 b indirectly ?r\gh ! ,lat9 ( ! ,middle ,ages1 x sometimes happ5s t we f9d a pure ,greek ^w ) a ,lat9 t]m9ation atta*$ to x naturalis$ 9 ,engli%1 z 9 ca?dral1 f 1 & 9 ephem]al1 f 4 ,9 ?is example ! t]m9ation al1 s common 9 ,lat91 takes ! place ( ! ,greek 1 ) ! same adjectival =ce2 b 9 n a few cases1 z optical1 e?ical1 cl9ical1 political1 ! al is an unmean+ sup]fluity1 z ! adjectival "* ( ! ^w is already fix$ by ! ,greek t]m9ation 1 z 9 f 4 ,9 v]bs ! t]m9ation ate is pure ,lat91 b appe>s sometimes b>b>\sly app5d$ to a pure ,greek v]b1 z homologate1 f 4 7#c7 ,x is a g5]al rule 9 etymology t cognate lett]s1 t is1 lett]s pron\nc$ by ! same organs1 or a simil> modification ( ! vocal organs1 easily pass into "o ano!r2 ?us & be+ bo? d5tal1 a pure d5tal1 & a sibilant d5tal1 & be+ only ! blunt =m ( 1 ^! ?ree lett]s pass into "o ano!r1 z 9 ,attic = 1 & 1 ,engli% rose4 ,s 9 ,g]man das = ,engli% t4 ,9 l mann]1 & be+ bo? liquids1 becomes lily1 & ! ,lat9 ,tibur becomes ! ,italian ,tivoli1 by ! int]*ange ( ! labials & ( ! liquids4 7#d7 ,! t]m9ation s 9 ! names ( _m ( ! sci5ces1 z optics1 ac\/ics1 me*anics1 is simply ! sign ( ! plural 9 ,engli%1 put = ! neut] plural 9 ,greek1 z 9 1 ?+s belong+ to ! /ate2 1 ?+s belong+ to vision1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ,greeks (t5 express by 9 ! nom9ative s+ul> fem99e1 ) 1 art1 or 1 !ory1 und]/ood4 7#e7 ,! t]m9ation ise or ize1 s common 9 ,engli%1 g5]ally ?\gh n always ) an active signification1 z 9 adv]tise1 solemnise1 is ! ( ,greek1 z 9 1 ,i make wise1 ) 1 9 ! middle voice1 ,i pr(ess myself wise4 ,! ^w f ?is v]b1 9 ,engli% sophi/1 is ! p]son :o makes ?is pr(ession1 z 9 bapti/1 !ori/1 a!i/1 & o!r pure ,greek words = an ag5t1 ) only ! loss ( ! t]m9ation 2 sometimes 9 a hybrid way i/ is add$ to a ,lat9 root1 z 9 dei/1 etymologically b n colloquially id5tical ) !i/4 7#f7 ,sometimes n only is ! t]m9ational syllable cut (f1 b ! initial also1 ei!r :olly or 9 "p2 s 1 ) ! *ange ( into ! k9dr$ labial 1 becomes bi%op4 7#g7 ,:5 two consonants ( diff]5t k9%ip come toge!r1 "o ( !m1 specially t n belong+ to ! root1 disappe>s1 z f 1 lap2 f 1 1 type4 7#h7 ,! aspirate h1 9 ,greek spiritus asp]1 has a close aff9ity ) ! sibilant s2 s = we h 9 ,lat9 sex1 9 ,engli% six2 = s[2 1 s$es1 seat4 7#i7 ,:5 a ^w 9 ,lat9 or ,greek comm5ces ) a p1 by aspiration x becomes f 9 ,engli% & ! ,teutonic languages2 ?us = we h fire1 = -foot1 = 1 fa!r1 etc4 7#aj7 ,! ,engli% w is closely connect$ ) ! v[els1 z appe>s f wat] & ooat]2 h5ce x disappe>s 9 ,greek altoge!r1 or is repres5t$ by a brea?+1 z 9 1 w9e2 1 wat]2 1 wet4 7#aa7 ,9 "s adjectives ! ,lat9 an1 l al1 is sup]flu\sly app5d$ to ! ,greek t]m9ation 9 1 z rhetorician1 f 4 7#ab7 ,! ,greek 1 z 9 1 & cornu 9 ,lat91 appe>s 9 ! ,teutonic languages z h1 s h\nd1 horn2 1 collis1 hill4 7#ac7 ,! lett] m at ! end ( an ,engli% ^w curtail$ f ,greek signifies ! ?+ done1 ! product ( ! v]b1 z 1 poem1 ! ?+ made1 a poem1 f 1 ,i make2 s baptism f 1 & *rism f 1 ,i ano9t1 & o!r isms4 7#ad7 ,f9ally1 z at lea/ two-?irds ( ! te*nical words us$ 9 our sci5tific nom5clature1 & n a few ev5 outside ( ! range1 are ( ,greek extraction1 ! /ud5t w\ld act wisely if at />t+ he 7 to make a li/ ( all su* t]ms 9 famili> use1 ) _! ,greek =m & ,greek analysis 9 an opposite column2 z-- !ology 71 ,god2 1 disc\rse7 ,he w ?us f9d t he kn[s already "s two or ?ree hundr$ ,greek words 9 a slightly disguis$ ,engli% =m4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,vocabul>ies ,9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple set =? 9 ! preface1 ^! vocabul>ies1 conta9+ ! names ( ! mo/ famili> objects1 are to be tak5 ) him z a vade mecum :]ev] ! /ud5t goes4 ,he mu/ 9 no wise be cont5t ) ! lazy habit ( recognis+ a ^w only 9 a passive recipi5t /yle :5 he meets ) x 9 a book1 b he mu/ /amp x directly on e object t comes 9 8 way1 & repeat x frequ5tly )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! "m tongue1 till he uses x z famili>ly z a workman h&les 8 tools4 ,! language w ?us become 8 famili> fri5d1 n1 z 9 ! m]e booki% me?od1 an occasional visitor4 ,( c\rse1 su* a catalogue ( words is n int5d$ to be exhau/ive2 b ! le>n]1 aft] tra9+ himself to ! habit ( ?9k+ & speak+ 9 ! =eign idiom1 may supply ! defici5cy by consult+ any good ,engli%-,greek diction>y1 su* z ,arnold & ,br[ne's1 ,london #ahef1 & = mod]n ,greek1 :]e t may be necess>y1 ,lasc>ides's ,engli%-,greek diction>y1 ,london #ahhb4 ,f ^! s\rces also1 & f 8 own read+1 :i* mu/ 9 no wise be neglect$1 he w be able to pick out appropriate v]bs ) :i* he may put ! ,hell5is$ objects ar\nd him1 s to speak1 into motion1 & hold a conv]sation ) a fell[-/ud5t tra9$ to ! colloquial me?od1 or ) himself1 solus cum solo1 if he c f9d no p>tn] 9 8 colloquial ex]cise4 ,i4 ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,belong+s 7#a7 ,,! ,,body ,appetite1 1 -1 4 ,arm1 1 -1 4 ,b&y-legg$1 1 -1 -4 ,bl9d1 1 -1 -4 ,bosom1 1 -1 4 ,b[els1 4 ,boy1 1 1 4 ,bread1 1 4 ,breakfa/1 1 4 ,brea/1 1 4 ,brea?1 1 -1 4 ,butt]1 1 4 ,button up1 to1 4 ,cake1 1 -1 4 ,*oke1 trans41 1 -4 ,c\gh1 1 -1 or 4 ,creep1 to1 4 ,dess]t1 1 4 ,dige/$1 easily1 1 -4 ,dige/ion1 1 4 ,d9n]1 1 4 ,disease1 1 4 ,dr9k1 1 -1 4 ,dr9k1 to1 4 ,dyspepsia1 1 4 ,e>1 1 1 4 ,eat1 to1 4 ,elb[1 1 -1 4 ,erect1 1 -1 -4 ,excrem5t1 4 ,eye1 1 -1 4 ,face1 1 4 ,fat1 1 -1 -4 ,fev]1 1 4 ,food1 1 -1 4 ,foot1 1 1 4 ,=ehead1 1 4 ,g\t1 1 4 ,gums1 1 4 ,hair1 1 1 4 ,head1 1 4 ,heal?1 1 4 ,heel1 1 -1 4 to kick ) ! heel1 4 ,hungry1 to be1 4 ,hungry1 to be v1 4 ,inflammation1 1 -1 4 ,jaw1 1 4 ,knee1 1 -1 4 ,lam5t1 to1 4 ,laugh1 to1 4 ,leg1 1 -1 4 ,limp1 to1 4 ,lip1 1 -1 4 ,lungs1 1 -1 4 ,meagre1 1 -1 -4 ,m\?1 1 -1 4 ,muscle1 1 1 4 ,nail1 1 -1 4 ,neck1 1 4 ,nose1 1 -1 4 to turn up ! nose1 4 to bl[ ! nose1 4 ,pa91 1 -1 4 ,palsy1 1 -1 4 ,paun*y1 1 -1 or 1 -1 4 ,pleasure1 1 -1 4 ,porridge1 1 -1 4 ,pudd+1 1 -1 4 ,rheumatism1 1 -1 4 ,run1 to1 4 ,scab1 or it*1 1 -1 4 ,scrat*1 to1 4 ,%\ld]1 1 -1 4 ,s9ew1 1 4 ,sk91 1 -1 4 ,snore1 to1 4 ,spittle1 1 -1 4 ,/oma*1 1 -1 4 ,/oop1 to1 4 ,sug>1 1 4 ,sup9e1 1 -1 -4 ,swall[1 to1 4 ,sweetmeats1 1 4 ,tall1 1 -1 -4 ,?igh1 1 -1 4 ,?91 1 -1 -4 ,?roat1 1 -1 4 ,?umb1 1 -1 4 ,toe1 1 -1 4 ,too?1 1 -1 4 ,v9eg>1 1 -1 4 ,vomit1 to1 4 ,walk1 to1 4 ,wa%1 to1 1 fut4 4 ,wat]1 1 -1 4 ,w9dpipe1 1 -1 4 ,w9e1 1 4 7#b7 ,,dress ,belt1 1 -1 4 ,bonnet1 1 -1 4 ,boots1 1 -1 4 ,bracelet1 1 4 ,bree*es1 1 -1 4 ,buckle1 1 -1 4 ,clo!s1 1 -1 4 ,coat1 1 4 ,cosmetic1 1 4 ,curl1 1 4 ,dress1 1 -1 4 ,dress1 to1 1 4 ,g>t]1 1 -1 4 ,glove1 1 -1 4 ,g[n1 a lady's1 1 4 ,greatcoat1 1 -1 4 ,hat1 1 -1 4 ,necklace1 1 4 ,plaid1 1 -1 4 ,%irt1 1 -1 4 ,%oe1 1 -1 4 ,%oe-tie1 1 -1 4 ,slipp]s1 1 4 ,/ick1 1 4 ,umbrella1 1 4 ,undress1 to1 4 ,veil1 1 4 7#c7 ,,"* ,,& ,,conduct ,ba%ful1 to be1 4 ,b5evol5ce1 1 4 ,braggadocio1 1 -1 4 ,brave1 1 -1 -4 ,c>eless1 1 -4 ,cauti\s1 1 -4 ,clev]1 1 -4 ,c[>dly1 1 -1 -4 ,cunn+1 1 -1 -4 ,d&y1 1 -1 4 ,dilig5t1 1 -4 ,fooli%1 1 -1 -4 ,gambl]1 1 -1 4 ,g5tle1 1 -1 -4 ,h&some1 1 -4 ,haughty1 to be1 4 ,high-m9d$1 1 -4 ,lazy1 1 -1 -4 ,le>n$1 1 -4 ,p>simoni\s1 1 -1 -4 ,prig1 1 4 ,prud5t1 1 -1 -4 ,ra%1 1 -4 ,religi\s1 1 -4 ,rude1 1 -1 -4 ,s5sible1 1 -4 ,%ameless1 1 -4 ,snort1 to1 4 ,squ&]1 to1 4 ,sup]/iti\s1 1 -4 ,sw9dl]1 1 -1 4 ,?rifty1 1 -1 -4 ,ugly1 1 -1 -4 ,va91 1 -4 ,well-mann]$1 1 -1 -4 ,wor%ip1 to1 4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,& ,,its ,,belong+s ,basket1 1 -1 4 ,ba?1 1 -1 1 or 1 4 ,b$1 1 1 or 1 4 ,b$-clo!s1 1 4 ,b$room1 1 -1 4 ,bell1 1 -1 4 ,bell[s1 1 -1 4 ,book1 1 -1 4 ,bottle1 1 4 ,box1 1 -1 4 ,bread1 loaf (1 1 4 ,bread1 roll (1 1 4 ,bu/1 1 4 ,cage1 1 4 ,c&le/ick1 1 4 ,c>pet1 1 -1 4 ,cell>1 1 4 ,*air1 1 4 ,*e/1 1 4 ,*imney1 1 4 ,ci/]n1 1 4 ,clock1 1 4 ,closet1 1 4 ,cook1 1 4 ,c\rt-y>d1 1 4 ,cov]1 or lid1 1 -1 4 ,cradle1 1 4 ,cup1 1 -1 4 ,curta91 1 -1 4 ,d9+-room1 1 4 ,door1 1 4 ,ew]1 1 4 ,fire1 1 4 ,flask1 1 4 ,floor1 1 4 ,foot-/ool1 1 4 ,f\ndation1 1 4 ,g>ret1 1 4 ,he>?1 1 4 ,ink1 1 -1 4 ,ink/&1 1 2 1 4 ,j>1 1 4 ,kettle1 1 -1 4 ,kit*51 1 4 ,lamp1 1 -1 4 ,lavatory1 1 4 ,libr>y1 1 4 ,lobby1 1 4 ,lumb]-room1 1 4 ,maid-s]vant1 1 4 ,ma/] ( ! h\se1 1 -1 4 ,mirror1 1 4 ,mi/ress1 1 4 ,nurse1 1 1 4 ,pail1 1 4 ,pane1 1 -1 4 ,pap]1 1 -1 4 ,p>l\r1 1 4 ,p51 1 4 ,p5cil1 1 -1 4 ,picture1 1 -1 4 ,pill[1 1 4 ,pok]1 1 4 ,por*1 1 -1 4 ,portrait1 1 -1 4 ,pot1 an e>!n1 1 4 ,ro(1 1 4 ,room1 1 -1 4 ,scre51 1 4 ,s]vant1 1 -1 4 ,%ake-d[n1 1 -1 4 ,%elf1 1 4 ,%ovel1 1 4 ,s(a1 1 4 ,/airs1 1 -1 4 ,/atue1 1 -1 4 ,/or]oom1 1 4 ,/ory1 1 4 ,/udy1 a1 1 4 ,table1 1 4 ,tongs1 1 4 ,t[el1 1 4 ,vessel1 1 4 ,w>drobe1 1 4 ,wa%-h& bas91 1 4 ,w9d[1 1 -1 4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,t[n ,,& ,,its ,,belong+s ,abbey1 1 4 ,advocate1 1 4 ,ald]man1 1 4 ,alley1 see ,lane4 ,bak]1 1 4 ,bank1 1 4 ,b>racks1 1 1 or 1 4 ,baza>1 1 4 ,beadle1 see ,v]g]4 ,bell1 1 -1 4 ,bi%op1 1 4 ,booksell]1 1 -1 4 ,booksell]'s %op1 1 4 ,brick1 1 4 ,bridge1 1 4 ,but*]1 1 4 ,canal1 1 4 ,c>p5t]1 1 4 ,ca/le1 1 -1 1 or 1 4 ,ca!dral1 1 4 ,*apel1 1 4 ,*ur*1 1 4 ,*ur*y>d1 1 4 ,cl]gyman1 1 4 ,conc]t1 1 4 ,confection]1 1 4 ,c\ncil1 1 4 ,c\ncillor1 1 -1 4 ,c\rt-h\se1 1 4 ,deacon1 1 4 ,disp5s>y1 1 4 ,drap]1 1 -1 4 ,eld]1 1 4 ,groc]1 1 -1 4 ,groom1 1 4 ,horse1 1 4 ,hotel1 1 4 ,h\se1 1 4 ,infirm>y1 1 4 ,judge1 1 -1 1 or 1 4 ,lamp1 1 -1 4 ,lane1 or close1 1 4 ,laundry1 1 4 ,m>ket-place1 1 4 ,mason1 1 4 ,mayor1 1 1 or 1 4 ,monum5t1 1 4 ,night-wat*1 1 -1 4 ,palace1 1 4 ,p>k1 1 4 ,pa/ry-cook1 1 4 ,pill>1 1 4 ,policeman1 1 1 or 1 -1 4 ,poor-h\se1 1 4 ,po/-(fice1 1 4 ,prea*]1 1 -1 4 ,prison1 1 4 ,provo/1 1 -1 4 ,railway1 1 4 ,rev5ue1 1 4 ,scav5g]1 1 4 ,s*ool1 1 4 ,%oemak]1 1 4 ,%op1 1 4 ,/ation1 1 4 ,/atue1 1 -1 4 ,/eeple1 1 4 ,/ore1 1 4 ,/reet1 1 4 ,suburbs1 1 4 ,tailor1 1 4 ,taxes1 1 4 ,t[n-cl]k1 1 -1 4 ,t[n-hall1 1 1 or 1 4 ,univ]sity1 1 4 ,v]g]1 1 4 ,wait]1 1 -1 4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,& ,,its ,,belong+s ,add]1 1 4 ,apple1 1 -1 4 ,ass1 1 & 4 ,b>n1 1 -1 4 ,bay1 1 4 ,bay tree1 1 4 ,bean1 1 4 ,bee*1 1 4 ,beetle1 1 4 ,b]ry1 1 -1 4 ,bir*1 1 4 ,bird1 1 -1 & 4 ,blossom1 1 -1 4 ,bran*1 1 4 ,bri]1 1 -1 4 ,brook1 1 1 4 ,bull1 1 4 ,cabbage1 1 4 ,calf1 1 4 ,clay1 1 4 ,clod1 1 4 ,clov]1 1 4 ,cock1 or h51 1 -1 or 4 ,colt1 1 4 ,cottage1 1 -1 4 ,c[1 1 1 4 ,c[-h\se1 1 4 ,dike1 1 -1 4 ,dit*1 1 4 ,dog1 1 -1 & 4 ,dove-cot1 1 -1 4 ,dra91 1 4 ,duck1 1 -1 4 ,dung1 1 -1 4 ,dunghill1 1 -1 4 ,f>m]1 1 4 ,f5ce1 1 4 ,f]n1 1 -1 1 or 1 4 ,f]ry1 1 4 ,field1 1 4 ,fir1 1 -1 4 ,fl[]1 1 -1 4 ,foam1 1 4 ,f\nta91 1 4 ,fox1 1 -1 4 ,frog1 1 4 ,furr[1 1 4 ,g>d51 1 4 ,goat1 1 4 ,goose1 1 -1 4 ,gooseb]ry1 1 4 ,grape1 1 -1 4 dri$1 1 -1 4 ,grass1 1 4 ,grove1 1 -1 4 ,h>ve/1 1 4 ,hawk1 1 -1 4 ,hea?1 1 4 ,h$gehog1 1 4 ,hill1 1 4 ,horse1 1 4 ,hunt]1 1 4 ,ivy1 1 4 ,lake1 1 4 ,lamb1 1 4 ,lane1 1 4 ,laurel1 1 4 ,leaf1 1 4 ,lily1 1 4 :ite1 1 4 ,m>%1 1 4 ,mead[1 1 -1 4 ,m9e1 1 4 ,mole1 1 -1 4 ,m\nta91 1 4 ,mud1 1 4 ,mule1 1 4 ,nurs]y1 1 4 ,oak1 1 1 4 ,ox1 1 1 1 4 ,pea1 1 4 ,peacock1 1 -1 1 or 1 4 ,pe>1 1 4 ,p51 or fold1 1 4 ,pig1 1 1 & 4 ,pigeon1 1 4 ,pig-/y1 1 4 ,pl\gh1 1 4 ,potato1 1 4 ,precipice1 1 4 ,rabbit1 1 4 ,rake1 1 4 ,rav9e1 1 -1 4 ,riv]1 1 4 ,rock1 1 4 ,root1 1 4 ,rose1 1 4 ,ru%1 1 4 ,s&1 1 4 ,settl]1 1 4 ,%eep1 1 4 ,%rub1 1 4 ,slope1 1 -1 4 ,spade1 1 4 ,/able1 1 -1 4 ,/raw1 1 4 ,/rawb]ry1 1 4 ,?icket1 1 -1 4 ,?orn1 1 4 ,toad1 1 4 ,torr5t1 1 1 or 1 4 ,tree1 1 4 ,tr\t1 1 4 ,valley1 1 -1 4 ,village1 1 -1 4 ,wag-tail1 1 4 ,well1 1 -1 4 ,worm1 1 -1 4 ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,ed9burgh