,,among ,,congo ,,cannibals ,illu/ration3 ,,boloki ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,wife ,notice ! cicatrice on ! man's =ehead & on ! woman's /oma*4 ,! brass r+ r\nd h] neck 9 "s cases weighs z mu* z #bh lbs4 ,9 h] h& %e is hold+ a paddle4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,among ,,congo ,,cannibals ,,exp]i5ces1 ,,impressions1 ,,& ,,adv5tures ,,dur+ ,a ,,?irty ,,ye>s' ,,soj\rn ,,among/ ,,! ,,boloki ,,& ,,o!r ,,congo ,,tribes ,,) ,a ,,description ,,( ,,_! ,,curi\s ,,habits1 ,,cu/oms ,,religion1 ,,laws ,,by ,,john ,h4 ,,weeks ,,correspond5t ,,to ,,! ,,royal ,,an?ropological ,,in/itute ,,& ,,to ,,! ,,folk-,,lore ,,society ,,au?or ,,( 8,,congo ,,life ,,& ,,folk-,,lore10 ,c4 ,c4 ,,) #ed ,,illu/rations ,a ,,map ,,philadelphia ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,london3 ,,seeley1 ,,s]vice ,,co4 ,,ltd4 #aiac ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface ,! object ( ! au?or ?r\gh\t ^! pages has be5 to give an acc\nt ( 8 exp]i5ces among ! ,boloki 7or ,bangala71 & a description ( ! mann]s1 habits1 cu/oms1 etc41 ( ?is int]e/+ p amid/ :om he liv$ 9 close/ intimacy z a mission>y4 ,! au?or w5t to ! ,congo 9 #ahha1 h5ce 8 resid5ce 9 :at has be5 aptly call$ 8,d>ke/ ,africa0 cov]s a p]iod ( ?irty ye>s--fifte5 ( :i* 7 sp5t 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,congo1 & fifte5 among/ ! ,boloki p4 ,^! pages1 h[ev]1 are n a record ( mission>y life & "w1 b a description ( primitive life & native organizations1 ( ,african my?ology1 sup]/ition1 & wit*craft1 & ( b>b>ities t are ! natural outcome ( ! native's view ( life4 ,! writ]1 f ! v fir/ days ( 8 life among/ ! ,boloki folk1 kept ext5sive & c>eful notes ( all t he saw & he>d ar\nd him4 ,! an?ropology & folk-lore ( ! p h always be5 int]e/+ subjects to him2 & :ile r$uc+ ! language to writ+1 a task :i* dem&$ a cle> und]/&+ ( ! v>i\s words 9 use & ! cu/oms :i* !y (t5 describe1 he 0 ga9+ an insight into ! native life & mode ( ?\ght only v\*saf$ to ^? :o h won ! confid5ce ( a savage p1 & are liv+ 9 close & sympa!tic t\* ) !m4 ,! au?or has no p>ticul> an?ropological axe to gr9d1 b has tri$ to give 9 pla9 language :at he has se5 & he>d1 leav+ to ! read] ! pleasure ( =m+ 8 own !ories4 ,! read] ( ^! pages may re/ assur$ t no?+ is exagg]at$ or ov]col\r$4 ,_h ! writ] wi%$ he c\ld h describ$ ! appall+ corruption ( native morals1 ! lack ( innoc5cy ev5 among ! v "y1 ! abs5ce ( virtue among ! wom51 & ! be/iality exi/+ among ! m54 ,"o (t5 felt ! ne$ ( a moral ba? to cleanse away ! fil?4 ,an intimate k ( ! natives impresses "o ) ?is fact3 t ! gold5 age has n yet dawn$ = !m2 & t ! unsophi/icat$ savage liv+ a dolce f> ni5te exi/5ce 9 happy surr\nd+s has n yet be5 discov]$ on ! ,congo4 ,_h ?is be5 a book deal+ ) mission>y ef=t among ! ,boloki1 ! au?or w\ld h made due m5tion ( ! hon\r$ colleagues :o s un/9t+ly %>$ 8 lab\rs at ,monsembe2 b z x is an acc\nt ( ! p !mselves1 _! cu/oms1 habits1 etc41 ?is mu/ be 8 apology = an omission t is due n to =getfulness ( happy ye>s ( comrade%ip1 sp5t amid _m p]ils & h>d%ips1 b simply to ! limit$ scope ( ! n>rative4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! au?or is mu* indebt$ to ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& = p]mission to use 8 articles pr9t$ by !m 9 _! ,j\rnal2 & = a simil> k9dness ext5d$ to him by ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,folk-,lore ,society4 ,8 be/ ?anks are also due to 8 =m] colleagues1 ! ,revs4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds & ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl&1 = _! ready p]mission to use ! photographs be>+ _! names2 to ,pr(4 ,f4 ,/>r1 ( ,*icago ,univ]sity1 = p]mitt+ ! cats' cradles to be reproduc$ f ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,dav5port ,academy ( ,sci5ces2 & to ,b>on ,haulleville1 ,directeur du ,muse du ,congo ,belge1 = p]mission to reproduce "h ! plates ( "s ( ! ,congo ,fi% :i* 7 made f specim5s collect$ by ! au?or4 ,to ,a4 ,r4 ,wright1 ,esq41 ,editor ( ,folk-,lore1 & to ! publi%]s' ,read]1 ! writ] t5d]s 8 he>ty ?anks = useful criticisms & helpful sugge/ions4 ,,john ,h4 ,,weeks4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,page ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,a ,,new ,,site #bg ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,settl+ ,,at ,,monsembe #ch ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,/ruggles ,,) ,,! ,,language #dh ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,e>ly ,,days ,,at ,,monsembe #fe ,,*apt] ,v ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,& ,,native ,,indu/ry #gi ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cu/oms3 ,,"s ,,curi\s ,,& ,,"s ,,cruel #if ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,social ,,life ,,& ,,organization #ajg ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,m>riage ,,& ,,*ild-,,be>+ #abb ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,native ,,education #adj ,,*apt] ,x ,,native ,,games ,,& ,,pa/imes #adi ,,*apt] ,,xi ,a ,,page ,,( ,,native ,,hi/ory #aei ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,native ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,! ,,natives #afi ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,native ,,laws1 ,,crimes1 ,,& ,,ordeals #agi ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,my?ology ,,& ,,folk-,,lore #aig ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,w> #bbb ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,hunt+ #bbi ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,fi%+ #bce ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,religi\s ,,beliefs #bdf ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,boloki ,,_w ,,( ,,spirits #bfa ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,m$ic9e ,,m5 ,,& ,,_! ,,magic #bgf ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,taboos ,,& ,,curses #bid ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,native ,,*>ms ,,& ,,_! ,,uses #cjb ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,dea? ,,& ,,burial #cad ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,native ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,treatm5t #cbd ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,app5dix ,,note #a4--,,on ,,yea/s1 ,,f]m5ts1 ,,& ,,bread-,,mak+ #cce ,,note #b4--,,on ,,! ,,boloki ,,v]b #ccf ,,note #c4--,,on ,,! ,,boloki ,,me?od ,,( ,,c\nt+ #cci ,,note #d4--,,on ,,boloki ,,relations ,,or ,,k9%ip #cdb ,,note #e4--,,on ,,native ,,diseases #cde ,,note #f4--,,on ,,! ,,heal? ,,( ,,:ite ,,m5 ,,on ,,! #cdf ,,congo ,,index #cej ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,page ,boloki ,man & 8 ,wife ,frontispiece ,a ,meal 8en r\te0 #bb ,a new type ( ,native ,h\se #bb ,a ,village ,/reet 9 ,monsembe #cd ,gr\p ( ,mobeka ,m5 #db ,look+ up ,lake ,lib9za f ,bosis]a #db ,our ,boat & its ,crew #gf ,a ,room 9 ! ,monsembe ,h\se #gf ,pots & ,saucepans = sale1 ,lib9za ,lake #hh ,a ,native ,woman ( ,weal? #ij ,burn+ ,grass = mak+ ,salt #ib ,a ,boloki ,dr9k+-b\t #ajj ,a ,boloki ,woman & ,*ild #ajb ,a ,memorial to a deceas$ ,head-man #ajd ,boloki ,wom5 prep>+ an ,ev5+ ,meal #aaf ,gr\p ( ,boloki ,wom5 at ,mobeka #aah ,native ,c>p5t] & 8 ,work%op #aej ,model ( a ,/ate ,/eam] #aej ,gr\p ( ,lib9za ,folk #aef ,mangw5de-a typical ,boloki ,head-man #afj ,a ,monitor #afb ,a ,native ,hut #afb ,:ite ,ants' ,ne/ #aij ,boloki ,boys ) ,w9e ,j> #bjj ,huts built = use dur+ ,w> "t #bbb ,a ,boloki ,%ield #bbd ,a ,boloki ,me?od ( ,behead+ #bbf ,tetrodon ,mbu #bcf ,gna?onemus ,num5ius #bcf ,g5yomyrus ,donnyi #bdb ,protopt]us ,dolloi #bdb ,a ,mungala ,creek ,village #bfd ,a ,lib9za ,*>m = protect+ a ,village #bgh ,a ,*>m = increas+ ! ,bir?-,rate #bij ,a ,bopoto ,feti% = ensur+ good heal? to #cjh ,tw9s ,a me?od ( ,behead+ on ! ,upp] ,congo #caf ,head-man & 8 ,wife #cbj ,me?od ( ,secur+ a ,prison] #cbf ,a ,boloki woman dress+ h] ,husb&'s ,hair #cbf ,! ,au?or doctor+ a ,crocodile-bitt5 ,h& #ccb ,map = ,among ,congo ,cannibals4 #cec ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,among ,,congo ,,cannibals ,,introduction ,:5 liv+ at ,san ,salvador1 9 :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,portuguese ,congo1 9 ! e>ly eighties ( la/ c5tury1 ! writ] frequ5tly conv]s$ ) ! natives ab\t ! inhabitants ( ! f> int]ior :o occupi$ ! banks ( ! ,great ,congo ,riv] & its tribut>ies4 ,! ,san ,salvador folk assur$ him t ! natives ( ! my/]i\s h9t]l& 7 8half fi% & half human02 t 8f ! navel upw>ds !y 7 human1 & d[nw>ds !y 7 fi%40 ,no argum5ts w\ld alt] _! op9ion1 & no am\nt ( good-natur$ raill]y w\ld %ift !m f _! position2 & !y g5]ally cl9*$ ! matt] by say+3 8,y h nev] se5 ^! p2 b "s ( our gr&fa!rs saw !m1 & told our fa!rs ab\t !m40 ,"o night ?is g5]al belief t up-riv] folk 7 8half fi% & half human10 receiv$ a sev]e %ock f :i*1 ,i ?9k1 x nev] recov]$4 ,a c>avan t _h be5 trad+ t[>ds ,/anley ,pool return$ to ,san ,salvador br++ ) x a slave woman f f> up ! riv]4 ,ab\t midnight ,i 0 ar\s$ to g & see ?is woman4 ,no "o und]/ood h] language2 b %e 0 mak+ vigor\s signs1 & h] own] 0 n sure :e!r ! ge/ures indicat$ hung]1 fatigue1 or illness2 s !re 0 no?+ = x b to 8call ! :ite man to int]pret ! signs10 or1 p]*ance to talk ) h]1 8= ^! :ite m5 "k ev]y?+1 !re=e let u s5d = "o resid+ 9 our t[n40 ,on arriv+ at ! hut we saw1 by ! flick]+ blaze ( ! fire1 a f9e1 well-proportion$ woman ( spl5did physique4 ,h] hair 0 arrang$ 9 a coiffure1 col\r$1 /iff5$1 & kept 9 %ape by be+ pla/]$ ) palm-oil1 & ! p[d] ( burnt pea-nuts1 or soot4 ,x look$ z ?\gh %e wore a %9+ black fez on h] head1 slightly tilt$ backw>ds4 ,%e 0 probably a ,bambala1 or a ,kiteke woman ( t bran* ( ! tribe t liv$ beh9d ! riv]9e folk ?ree hundr$ miles above ,/anley ,pool4 ,! signs 7 int]pret$ z d5ot+ "s /oma* tr\ble1 & aft] a little m$ic9e _h be5 giv5 we he>d no m ab\t x4 ,dur+ ! %ort "t %e rema9$ 9 ! t[n %e 0 ! obs]v$ ( all obs]v]s--a curiosity f af>2 b h] appe>ance kill$ once = all 8! half human & half fi%0 !ory ! ,san ,salvador natives _h s fondly held respect+ ! inhabitants ( ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,:5 9 lat] ye>s ,i w5t to live among ! ,bangalas on ! ,upp] ,riv]1 ,i f\nd t !y held z /range !ories ab\t ! remot] peoples high] up1 or nor? & s\? ( !m4 ,!y w\ld tell ( mon/]s d[n s\? ^: *ief 0 a woman#a ) a :ite sk9 t %one s fi]cely t ! eyes ( ^? :o look$ on h] 7 scor*$2 or ( p away nor? :o liv$ 9 trees & ate raw fle%1 etc41 because !y did n "k h[ to make a fire2 or ( folk f> away 9 ! wat]y we/ :o liv$ half _! "t 9 ! wat] & _h webb$ feet l ducks4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh folk ( all climes1 ( all ages1 & ( all degrees ( civilization h amus$ !mselves by peopl+ unkn[n regions ) my?ical mon/]s--,cyclops1 m5 ^: heads d gr[ b5ea? _! %\ld]s1 c5taurs1 m]maids1 etc41 & t ev5 ! savages ( b>b>\s ,africa beguil$ ! long ev5+s ar\nd _! fires by conjur+ up freaks 9 nature1 l ! m le>n$ anci5ts1 to inhabit ! c\ntries beyond _! k54 ,footnote #a3 ,_h ! fact t "s portions ( ,s\? ,africa 7 gov]n$ by a woman--,que5 ,victoria--filt]$ ?r\gh ! tribes 9 ?is di/ort$ fa%ion8 ,!re is ano!r peculi>ity ( ! natives1 wor?y1 p]haps1 ( notice 9 ?is connection3 ^? :o live on ! coa/ always ref] to ! h9t]l& folk 9 contemptu\s t]ms z 8bu%-p10 i4e4 ignorant1 dull1 sl[ 9 ! up-take1 or z we say1 c\ntry yokels1 clod-hopp]s4 ,:5 y arrive 9 ! h9t]l& y f9d t dwell]s 9 ! l>ge t[ns speak ( ^? :o live 9 ! villages & hamlets z 8bu%-p10 & !y put into _! tones su* contempt t "o is surpris$ to f9d t !y belong to ! same tribe & speak ! same language4 ,arriv+ on ! ,upp] ,riv] y f9d also t all riv]9e peoples speak ( ! int]ior folk--^? liv+ away f ! riv]--z 8bu%-p10 & utt]ly b5ea? _! notice4 ,!re is no m opprobri\s phrase t c be flung at a native ?an to call him a 8bu%-man0 9 a language t he und]/&s4 ,he w res5t x1 & if !re is ! slighte/ *ance ( success he w fight ov] x4 ,9 ,june1 #ahij1 aft] hav+ liv$ on ! ,l[] ,congo at ,san ,salvador & ,matadi = n9e ye>s1 ,i />t$ = ! ,upp] ,congo = ! purpose ( seek+ out a new site = mission>y ef=t among/ ! natives ( a new tribe & language4 ,betwe5 ! la/ navigable po9t on ! ,l[] ,congo1 ,matadi1 & ! comm5cem5t ( ! navigable wat] on ! ,upp] ,congo1 ,/anley ,pool1 !re 7 #bdj miles ( v bad1 r\gh road4 ,s9ce ^? days a ,belgian company has built a n>r[-gauge railway runn+ betwe5 ,matadi & ,/anley ,pool4 ,i _c pay too high a tribute to ! spl5did c\rage1 p]si/5cy & eng9e]+ skill exhibit$ by ! ,belgians :o survey$ ! l& = ! l9es at ! co/ ( _m lives2 & built ! railway1 conqu]+ imm5se difficulties1 & ?us a*iev+ = !mselves a great & des]v$ f9ancial success4 ,if ! ,congo ,free ,/ate _h s5t m5 ( ! same k9d & class to gov]n ! c\ntry t ! railway company s5t1 & are s5d+1 to build & control ! railway1 we %\ld nev] h he>d ab\t ! t]rible atrocities t h tak5 place1 nor %\ld we h he>d ( mal-adm9i/ration1 cruel oppression1 & ! mutilation ( wret*$1 unprotect$ natives4 ,! railway (ficials treat _! native employees hon\rably & hone/ly2 & al?\gh hundr$s ( our native ,*ri/ians "w on ! railway z /ok]s1 gu>ds1 brakesm51 /orekeep]s1 & /ationma/]s1 ,i h nev] he>d a s+le compla9t f !m aga9/ _! :ite ma/]s4 ,!y h to "w h>d1 b !y are treat$ ju/ly1 & !y are sure ( _! pay2 & our native ,*ri/ians are always ready to sign contracts ) ! railway au?orities = "o or m ye>s4 ,9 ! e>ly eighties ! road f ,matadi to ,/anley ,pool 0 ?ickly populat$1 & e h\r or two br\ght ! travell] to a l>ge1 dec5tly-kept t[n2 b 9 #ahij ! p 7 mo/ly gone1 & ! few villages left on t long /ret* ( road 7 small & neglect$1 & ! few rema9+ p _h a wret*$1 pov]ty-/rick5 appe>ance4 ,:y ?is *ange8 ,9 ! meantime ! c\ntry _h become ! possession ( ! ,african ,int]national ,association1 :i* quickly *ang$ into ! ,congo ,free ,/ate ) ,k+ ,leopold ,,ii ( ,belgium z its rul]4 ,zanzib>is 7 import$ dur+ ?is p]iod1 arm$ ) rifles1 & s5t up-c\ntry to f\nd & occupy ! ,/ate /ations on ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,^! soldi]s no d\bt 7 lib]ally provid$ ) brass rods to buy native food on _! m>* to ,/anley ,pool2 b !y f\nd a p practically un>m$1 = :at 7 fl9t-lock guns 9 ! h&s ( natives--:o dep5d$ m on ! magic ( _! 8m$ic9e m50 = /raight %oot+ ?an on ! accuracy ( _! aim--aga9/ weapons ( precision 9 ! h&s ( a tra9$ & unscrupul\s soldi]y su* z 7 ! ,zanzib>is8 ,! results 7 con/ant raid+ on ! "p ( ! ,zanzib>is2 loot+ ( unprotect$ native huts2 tak+ tw5ty rods' wor? ( food & ?r[+ d[n only two or ?ree rods 9 paym5t2 & (t5 :5 !re 0 a :ite (fic] 9 *>ge1 & he 0 appeal$ to1 no r$ress 0 obta9$ by ! defraud$ native1 nor puni%m5t met$ out to ! (f5d]2 b frequ5tly ! accus] 0 beat5 f ! :ite man's pres5ce1 ?us add+ physical suff]+ & insult to ! loss ( goods4 ,!re is a probability t ! natives 7 turbul5t & swagg]+ 9 _! attitude2 b x 0 n until aft] ! fir/ outrages _h be5 committ$ by ! ,zanzib>is t ! natives retaliat$ on e fav\rable occasion4 ,f :at ,i "k ( ! folk f ?irty ye>s' exp]i5ce ( !m1 ,i feel sure !y 7 n ! fir/ aggressors--!y _h1 & /ill h1 too :olesome a fe> ( rifles to be t4 ,x 0 only :5 !y _h be5 treat$ l rats1 hav+ no rights 9 _! own c\ntry1 t at la/1 l rats1 !y turn$ at bay ) he>ts inflam$ by hatr$ & rev5ge4 ,b fl9t-lock guns c\ld n compete ) rifles2 & small1 untra9$ bodies ( m5 lack+ lead]s & cohesion c\ld n cont5d aga9/ drill$ soldi]s :o fir$ bullets t p5etrat$ two or ?ree m51 s !re 0 no?+ = !m b to leave _! t[ns on ! road1 & build away 9 ! =e/s & valleys at "s di/ance f ! ma9 track runn+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,h5ce :at 0 once a popul\s trade r\te1 humm+ ) life 9 ! e>ly eighties1 _h become by #ahij a desolate track t by its lack ( p disappo9t$ ! new-com]1 :o 9 ,europe _h he>d ( ! teem+ millions ( ! ,congo1 b c\ld n n[ 9 #bdj miles ( road f9d en\gh p to fill a dec5t-siz$ ,engli% village4 8,:]e are ! p80 0 ! frequ5t "q on 8 lips4 8,!y h left ! trade r\te1 & h rebuilt _! t[ns & villages 9 ! woods1 ! valleys1 & ! bu%-l&s = peace & security10 0 ! repeat$ answ]4 8,:y80 0 inv>iably ! next "q4 8,because ! l& 0 curs$ ) a plague ( rascally ,zanzib>is1 & irresponsible :ite m5 :o fe>$ _! soldi]s m ?an !y fe>$ ,god1 & :o act$ unju/ly 9 _! deal+s ) ! p40 ,le/ "s ( my read]s %\ld ?9k t ,i am unduly prejudic$ 9 ! above /atem5ts ( :at took place on ! ,/anley ,pool road1 let me give ! hi/ory ( ano!r trade r\te 9 practically ! same "p ( ! ,congo along :i* p ( ! same tribe & language liv$1 & = ! same p]iod ( "t1 viz4 #ahgh-ahij4 ,! pione]s ( our ,mission 9 #ahgh p5etrat$ ! int]ior f ,musuku1 :i* is ab\t fifte5 miles bel[ ,matadi1 & us$ t place z a base = ne>ly five ye>s4 ,9 #ahhc a bett] site = _! purpose 0 f\nd on ! top ( ! hill at ,tunduwa 7ab\t ?ree miles bel[ ,matadi74 ,our e>ly pione]s#b f\nd ! road betwe5 ,musuku & ,san ,salvador well populat$ ) hospitable p1 ) pl5ty ( food1 s t !re 0 no ne$ to take rations = m51 & v little provisions = !mselves1 & t[ns 7 s num]\s t a t5t 0 unnecess>y4 ,footnote #b3 ,messrs4 ,comb]1 ,b5tley1 ,crudg+ton1 ,h>tl&1 & ,gr5fell4 ,:5 we remov$ our base to ,tunduwa ! travell] to ,san ,salvador dropp$ d[n to ,noki 9 a boat1 & 9 two or ?ree h\rs f ,noki he jo9$ ! ,musuku to ,san ,salvador r\te4 ,x 0 g5]ally a five-days' j\rney4 ,:5 ,i left ,musuku 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhb1 = ,san ,salvador1 ,i f\nd j :at my pr$ecessors _h f\nd--pl5ty ( villages1 abundance ( supplies 7f[ls1 eggs1 goats1 vegetables1 native bread1 etc471 & a hospitable p ev] ready to l5d u a h\se 9 :i* to pass ! night2 & = all ! eight ye>s ,i knew ! road intimately1 & trav]s$ x1 ! supply ( food1 ! numb] ( villages1 & ! k9dl9ess ( ! p rema9$ ! same4 ,yet dur+ t "t !re 0 an increase ( traffic on ! road1 = our transport grew z our ,mission ext5d$2 & 9 ! meantime two trad+ factories--"o ,fr5* & ! o!r ,portuguese--7 />t$ & ma9ta9$ 9 ,san ,salvador1 necessitat+ a great] numb] ( c>ri]s on ! road4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,a4 ,bill+ton ,a ,,meal 8,,en ,,r\te0 ,! c>ri]s1 tir$ ) a f\r h\rs' j\rney1 on com+ to a re/+-place1 drop _! loads & /ret* !mselves = a good re/4 ,! p]sonal lads prep>e a meal1 & z !re is a :ite lady 9 ! p>ty a :ite table-clo? is spread ov] ! r\gh table 9 h] hon\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,f4 ,dodds ,a ,,new ,,type ,,( ,,native ,,h\se ,^! l>ge1 airy wattle & daub h\ses are tak+ ! place ( ! old-/yle grass huts t 7 =m]ly ! usual /ructures ?r\gh\t ! di/rict4 ,!y are m heal?y1 clean1 & com=table4 ,:at made ! /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two r\tes--depopulation & pov]ty on ! "o1 cont9u$ prosp]ity on ! o!r8 ,i h already giv5 ! causes = ! wret*$ness & desolation f\nd on ! road to ,/anley ,pool 9 #ahij & ! succe$+ ye>s2 n[ let me /ate1 cle>ly & briefly1 ! reasons = ! fl\ri%+ condition ( ! ,san ,salvador road4 ,! m5 us$ = ! transport s]vice on ! latt] r\te 7 natives ( ,san ,salvador & di/rict1 ,kroo boys & ,loangos1 !y travell$ un>m$1 !y b\ght _! food1 & s long z !y obs]v$ ! well-kn[n c\rtesies ( ! road !y mov$ freely & 7 unmole/$4 ,! c>ri]s ?us behav+ !mselves en r\te1 ! natives treat$ !m fairly1 & (t5 suppli$ !m ) wat]--a by no means trifl+ k9dness 9 a c\ntry :]e !re are no wat]-taps 9 ! h\ses1 & ! refre%+ dr9k has (t5 to be c>ri$ a mile or m4 ,! inhabitants ( ! v>i\s villages knew t if !y ov]*>g$ ! port]s1 7 extortionate 9 _! dem&s1 & surly 9 _! conduct1 ! c>ri]s w\ld give !m a wide b]? &1 by mak+ a det\r1 leave !m sev]ely alone2 & ?us a regul> s\rce ( _! village's weal? w\ld be cut (f4 ,besides1 ! natives are fond ( social int]c\rse1 giv+ & receiv+ news1 & ^! m5 :o pass$ con/antly to & fro betwe5 ! c5tre ( native life at ,san ,salvador & ! outside _w z repres5t$ by ! trad+ /ations on ! riv]1 7 always full ( int]e/+ news1 & to turn !m aside f a village by outrage\s conduct 0 equal to cutt+ !mselves (f f ! _w1 /opp+ z x 7 ! daily pap]s & ! weekly budgets4 ,?is 0 un?9kable1 = natives are sociable folk & l to keep 9 t\* ) _! fell[s4 ,:5 any s]i\s cases ( dispute arose betwe5 ! c>ri]s & ! natives on ! road1 !y 7 br\ght to u at ,san ,salvador1 & we settl$ !m imp>tially1 ju/ly1 & amicably to ! satisfaction ( ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,! natives :o liv$ ne> ! l>ge riv]s t 7 impassable by =d+ dur+ ! ra9y season1 built bridges across !m1 & kept !m 9 repair4 ,we :ite m5 at ,san ,salvador ackn[l$g$ our indebt$ness = ?is s]vice by pay+ an und]/ood sum 9 b>t] goods--! trad]s pay+ a mu* l>g] am\nt ?an ! ,missions#c because _! transport 0 heavi]--:5 we he>d !y _h complet$ ! bridges4 ,x 0 no easy task to make ^! bridges long & /rong en\gh1 consid]+ ! mat]ials & tools ! workm5 _h at _! disposal2 b x meant = u t ! road = our cases1 bales1 & mails 0 op5 all ! ye> r\nd1 & also t our c>ri]s & goods ran no risks f swoll51 swirl+ riv]s4 ,footnote #c3 ,! ,portuguese ,roman ,ca?olic ,mission settl$ at ,san ,salvador a ye> or m aft] we _h begun our ,mission4 ,x w be se5 f ! above t ! natives on ! ,san ,salvador road 7 treat$ v diff]5tly f ^? on ! o!r trade r\te "u consid]ation1 consequ5tly ! villag]s ( ! =m] ma9ta9$ ! food supply1 reta9$ _! "* = hospitality1 & cont9u$ to live & ?rive on ! transport l9e2 :ile ! p on ! ,/anley ,pool r\te left ! track1 & />vation1 depopulation1 & desolation 7 ! results4 ,! ,congo natives h a ke5 s5se ( ju/ice1 & !y appreciate /raight & hone/ deal+4 ,x 0 my fir/ int5tion to add a *apt] on ! results ( ! ,congo ,free ,/ate's rgime4 ,i refra91 h[ev]1 f do+ s1 b desire to t\* ^u ! subject 9 a few %ort p>agraphs4 ,! *>ges br\ght aga9/ ! ,congo ,free ,/ate dur+ rec5t ye>s h1 un=tunately = ! natives1 be5 prov$ too true4 ,m ?an t1 !y 7 worse ?an c\ld ev] be publi%$ 9 ! daily ,press1 = no self-respect+ editor c\ld1 or w\ld1 h pr9t$ 9 8 pap] ! outrage\s & abom9able details t 7 br\ght to light by ^? :o 7 liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,we hope1 & we tru/ n 9 va91 t by ! accession ( ,k+ ,alb]t & 8 graci\s consort1 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 to ! ?rone ( ,belgium a bett] day is dawn+ = ! poor1 oppress$ & d[ntrodd5 natives ( ! ,congo2 & ! news t has come to u f ! re=m$ "p ( ! ,congo indicates greatly improv$ conditions4 ,x is tacitly und]/ood j n[ t we %\ld give ! ,belgian ,/ate an opportunity ( c>ry+ out its re=ms2 & al?\gh ! agitation is n be+ prosecut$ ) its =m] activity1 t does n mean t we are to relax our =m] vigilance1 nor %all we d s until ! natives enjoy ^? rights :i* are _! prop] h]itage 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,we mission>ies are nei!r a%am$ nor rep5tant1 & nev] w be1 ( ! humanit>ian "p we play$ 9 br++ to light ! enormities t came to our notice4 ,we _h giv5 up home1 ! com=ts ( civilization &1 rightly or wrongly1 we _h devot$ our lives to ! amelioration ( ! natives1 & we c\ld n z m51 z ,engli%m51 z ,*ri/ian m51 /& by & see ^? natives1 = :om we _h giv5 up all1 sl[ly oppress$ to dea? = ! sake ( a clique ( m5 9 ,europe :o 7 9 a hurry to get ri*4 ,i 0 among ! fir/ to raise my voice aga9/ ! horrible conditions t prevail$ until rec5tly 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,congo1 & my mode ( proc$ure 0 ?is3 ,i s5t my lett] ( prote/1 fir/ to ! 8,commissaire0 ( my di/rict2 if no inve/igation into ! *>ges 0 made1 !n ,i =w>d$ a copy ( ! lett] to ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al at ,boma1 & !n1 if aft] wait+ ! necess>y l5g? ( "t !re 0 nei!r inquiry nor r$ress1 ! lett]1 ) all p>ticul>s1 0 po/$ to ,mr4 ,morel = publication 9 ! ,engli% ,press z ! la/ resort4 ,! ,/ate itself =c$ u to appeal to ! public4 ,! ,commission ( ,inquiry select$ by ,k+ ,leopold himself exon]at$ u f all blame & ?ank$ u = ! "p we _h tak5 9 ! agitation1 = on inve/igation we 7 able to prove to ! v hilt e *>ge we _h br\ght aga9/ ! adm9i/ration ( ! n[ defunct ,congo ,free ,/ate4 ,x is too late 9 ! day = travell]s to d5y t atrocities 7 committ$ because natives d n talk to !m ab\t su* ?+s4 ,let su* travell]s ?or\ghly le>n ! language ( ! p & ga9 _! confid5ce & !n li/5 to _! /ory4 ,! native does n we> 8 he>t on 8 sleeve = e cr[ to peck at1 & :5 he sees a :ite man1 "h to-day & gone to-morr[1 :o kn[s little or no?+ ( 8 language1 hob-nobb+ ) ,/ate (ficials1 he is n go+ to p\r out 8 he>t to su* & tell :at he has suff]$ at ! h&s ( ! travell]'s :ite fri5ds4 ,:at ! ,congo ne$s is a ,gov]nm5t n seek+ to enri* itself to-day1 b ) visions ( a colony ! inhabitants ( :i*1 9 days to come1 %all rise up & call x bless$2 x ne$s civil (fic]s sway$ by hon\rable pr9ciples1 & controll$ by pure1 consci5ti\s motives t %all adm9i/] imp>tially righte\s laws2 x ne$s trad]s :o %all deal fairly by ! p 7& "s ( !m d t1 we are glad to say71 :o w ex*ange ! w>es1 ! civiliz$ conv5i5ces 7n fi]y spirits7 ( ,europe = ! lab\r & produce ( ! natives z a fur!r inc5tive = !m to "w1 travel1 & trade2 x ne$s ! agriculturi/ to introduce bett] me?ods ( cultivat+ ! soil & fo/]+ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry2 x ne$s ! me*anic to tea* v>i\s trades & indu/ries2 ! educationali/ & ! ,*ri/ian tea*] to cultivate ! m5tal & spiritual side ( ! natives--^! all work+ h>moni\sly toge!r1 no "o class sne]+ at ! o!r1 no "o arrogat+ to himself ! "w ( ano!r1 b respect+ ea* o!r & co-op]at+ = ! uplift+1 civiliz+1 & ,*ri/ianiz+ ( ! ,congo p4 ,we %all !n see a p n curs+ ! :ite man1 b bless+ him2 n cr++ be=e ! :ite ma/] 9 grovell+ fe> & he>ts bur/+ ) hatr$1 b /&+ erect z ,god int5ds m5 to /&2 & n d[ntrodd5 & oppress$1 _! lives a mis]y to !m1 b free & happy ) ! joy ( life pulsat+ ?r\gh _! ve9s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,i ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,a ,,new ,,site ,peace--,bangala tribe--,panic 9 ,bungundu t[ns--,p become fri5dly--,driv5 away f ,bokomela--,fi]ce & rev5geful natives--,revisit ,bokomela--,a cordial welcome--,reason = w>like attitude--,%oot+ a native = a wag]--,monsembe di/rict--,bumba p /& to def5d _! wom5 & *ildr5--,quietness dispels _! fe>s4 ,dur+ ! e>ly days ( ,july1 #ahij1 we 7 busy at ,bolobo /ation1 prep>+ = our long j\rney up-riv] 9 se>* ( a new site = a mission /ation4 ,! /eam] ,peace1 a vessel #gj feet long by #aj feet #f in*es wide1 & ( v %all[ draught1 0 plac$ at our disposal4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,/apleton1 :o _h j arriv$ f ,engl&1 0 appo9t$ to be my colleague2 & z ,mr4 ,silas ,field _h *>ge ( ! /eam] & crew we 7 )\t responsibility respect+ !m1 & 7 free to l& at e available place & inve/igate its suitability z a c5tre = our "w4 ,at ?is "t ! ,bapti/ ,mission>y ,society _h ?ree /ations on ! ,upp] ,congo--"o at ,bolobo1 ab\t #bjj miles above ,/anley ,pool1 ano!r at ,lukolele1 a little ov] #ajj miles f>!r on1 & ! ?ird at ,bopoto1 m ?an #djj miles beyond ,lukolele1 or #gjj miles f ,/anley ,pool4 ,x 0 ?\ght desirable to plant a /ation among ! ,bangalas at a po9t some:]e midway betwe5 ,lukolele & ,bopoto1 & ?us occupy a "p ( t great unevangeliz$ di/rict inhabit$ by "o ( ! f9e/ tribes on ! ,congo4 ,! ,bangalas 7 report$ to be a /rong1 w>like1 cannibal tribe ( fi]ce habits1 cruel cu/oms1 & indep5d5t _s4 ,!y w\ld dem& pati5ce1 tact1 & ! fac+ ( _m dang]s f ^? :o1 )\t arms & soldi]s1 w5t to live among !m4 ,/ill1 su* spl5did m5 7 wor? w9n+ to bett] ways1 not)/&+ ! _m possible risks to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! "w4 ,z savages !y 7 fe>$ by surr\nd+ tribes1 & if won to ,*ri/ianity _! indomitable c\rage w>rant$ u 9 hop+ !y w\ld become ! intrepid h]alds ( _! new fai?4 ,by ,july #aa? we _h pack$ on bo>d our little /eam] ! nails1 provisions1 tools1 b>t] goods1 & m$ic9es t c\ld be collect$ = our new project4 ,a bett] outfit w\ld h be5 welcome2 b we ?\ght x 0 wis] to />t ) :at we c\ld get toge!r ?an to wait an indef9ite p]iod = l>g] supplies4 ,two days aft] leav+ ,bolobo we arriv$ at ,lukolele1 & 9 due "t ,lulanga 0 rea*$4 ,lulanga 0 a l>ge t[n at ! m\? ( ! ,lulongo ,riv]1 a f9e tribut>y ( ! ,congo4 ,!re our se>* began4 ,x took u fifty m9utes to walk ?r\gh ! t[n1 ! h\ses ( :i* 7 built closely toge!r4 ,we e/imat$ ! population at #cjjj p4 ,!re 0 !n less ?an a mile ( bu%1 & ano!r t[n ( ov] #ajjj inhabitants1 & ab\t an h\r's walk back f ! riv] 7 o!r clumps ( villages conta9+1 we 7 in=m$1 m ?an #bjjj p]sons4 ,x 0 a good c5tre = our purpose2 b ! ,congo ,bololo ,mission _h e/abli%$ "s /ations up ! ,lulongo ,riv]1 & aft] consult+ ) _! s5ior mission>y at ,bong9da 7#cj miles up ! ,lulongo71 we decid$ t ! t[n at ! m\? ( ! riv] !y 7 work+ %\ld really be _! base ( op]ations1 & z !y promis$ to occupy x1 if we did n build !re1 we left x to !m4 ,at ,lulanga we left ! s\? bank ( ! ,congo1 & aft] two h\rs' /eam+ & w9d+ among ! num]\s isl&s we _h ! l>ge di/rict ( ,bungundu /ret*+ be=e u on ! nor? %ore ( ! riv]4 ,pick+ out ! bigge/ t[n we c\ld see f ! deck ( our /eam]1 we /e]$ our way t[>ds x1 & z we drew ne> we c\ld see ! wom5 seiz+ hold ( _! *ildr5 & _! f[ls1 & scurry+ away ) !m into ! bu% z fa/ z possible2 ! m5 also 7 tugg+ at _! goats & %eep to hide !m 9 ! bu% & woods t surr\nd$ _! t[n1 = x 0 _! un=tunate exp]i5ce t ! :ite m5 :o came on /eam]s took f[ls1 goats1 & %eep )\t pay+ = !m4 ,:5 we l&$ we c\ld n see a s+le p]son4 ,we walk$ up & d[n ! roads call+ ^u ! p to come out ( hid+1 to come & talk ) u1 or sell u "s f[ls4 ,aft] a consid]able am\nt ( %\t+ an old man put 8 head r\nd a corn] ( a h\se & said3 8,:ite m51 if y want to buy any f[ls ( u1 sit d[n :]e y are1 & s5d y\r boys2 we w sell to !m1 b n to y40 ,we !reupon h&$ "s look+-glasses1 knives1 bells1 beads1 & clo? to our boys1 & told !m t aft] !y _h b>t]$ = "s f[ls !y 7 to try to p]suade ! p to h "s conv]sation ) u4 ,aft] buy+ a few f[ls our lads said3 8,come & talk ) our :ite m54 ,see1 !y are p]fectly h>mless1 = !y are sitt+ d[n :]e y told !m4 ,!y are n bula matadi 7 ,/ate (fic]s74 ,!y nei!r desire to fight y nor tie y up4 ,!y are m9dele mia ,njambi 7 ! :ite m5 ( ,god1 i4e4 mission>ies74 ,come & palav] ) !m40 ,aft] mu* hesitation on ! "p ( ! native1 & mu* p]suasion by our lads1 ! old man drew ne> to u1 & z he came clos] he put out 8 h& to greet u2 b on see+ our :ite h&s approa*+ 81 fe> took possession ( him1 & he drew 8 h& quickly back4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 we he>tily %ook 8 h& & 8 c\rage return$4 ,he !n w5t ov] to a l>ge drum1 & beat+ ^u x ! wom5 quickly return$ f ! bu% ) _! *ildr5 & _! f[ls1 ! m5 came back ) _! goats & %eep1 & ! t[n resum$ its usual lively appe>ance4 ,directly !y le>n$ ! purpose ( our visit !y begg$ u to live 9 _! t[n2 !y took u up & d[n ! v>i\s /reets1 & po9t$ out all ! advantages we %\ld enjoy if we w\ld only build among/ !m4 ,we _h to allay _! importunity by tell+ !m t we c\ld n decide at once to live 9 _! mid/1 z we wi%$ to g high] up ! riv] & visit o!r t[ns & tribes2 b if we f\nd _! t[n ! mo/ c5tral = our "w1 we w\ld return to !m4 ,& we conclud$ by say+3 8,we d n desire1 :]ev] we g 9 ?is di/rict1 t ! p %\ld run away f u z y did2 _c y !re=e l5d u "o or two ( y\r "y m5 to g ) u to reassure ! p8 ,we promise to return !m safely 9 due "t40 ,x 0 a/oni%+ to u t ^! n]v\s1 fe>ful folk :o _h run helt]-skelt] f u ab\t two h\rs be=e %\ld br+ two ( _! "y m5 to u1 & 9 _! tru/ful simplicity place _! h&s 9 ours1 say+3 8,"h are two ( our p to accompany y1 & :5 y h done ) !m br+ !m back aga940 ,aft] t1 :5ev] we arriv$ opposite a t[n1 ^! two m5 w\ld g into ! b[s ( ! /eam] &1 %\t+ l\dly to ! p a%ore1 w\ld tell !m n to be afraid1 n to run away1 t we 7 good sort ( :ite m51 t we 7 buy+ f[ls at a v good price1 & if !y only /ay$ !y c\ld make "s pr(it out ( u4 ,= we 7 giv+ ! enorm\s sum ( ab\t ?reep5ce ea* 9 b>t] goods = ! f[ls1 in/ead ( ! usual price ( twop5ce4 ,?r\gh\t ! re/ ( t di/rict we receiv$ a he>ty welcome f ! p1 & _m press+ invitations to settle 9 _! mid/4 ,we _h no illusions ab\t ^! invitations4 ,we fully recogniz$ t ! p desir$ u to live 9 _! t[ns = reasons q diff]5t f ^? t actuat$ u3 our pres5ce w\ld give pre/ige to _! di/rict1 & especially to ! t[n 9 :i* we built2 we %\ld be1 m or less1 a gu>antee ( security1 & fre$om f ! loot+s & raids ( ,/ate soldi]s :o 7 already beg9n+ to tr\ble ! p on ! ,upp] ,congo2 & x w\ld be an imm5se advantage to !m to be able to ex*ange _! food-/uffs1 etc41 = b>t] goods at a /ore 9 _! neighb\rhood1 r ?an h su* we>y j\rneys to take 9 _! canoes1 or g )\t ! ne$$ articles4 ,we und]/ood p]fectly well t we 7 n s boi/]\sly invit$ because ( our message1 = ( t !y knew absolutely no?+1 & 9 _! !n savage & ignorant /ate c>$ p]haps less ?an no?+ = x4 ,leav+ ! ,bungundu di/rict we /eam$ = _m miles along a monoton\s /ret* ( =e/1 & !n rea*$ ! ?ickly populat$ l9e ( ,bokomela t[ns4 ,select+ ! l>ge/ we c\ld see1 we turn$ our /eam] t[>ds x2 &1 putt+ our pretty little vessel along ! bea* 9 front ( ! *os5 t[n1 we prep>$ to g a%ore4 ,?r\gh our glasses we _h se5 ! wom5 & *ildr5 runn+ hurri$ly away1 & ! bu/l+ activity ( ! m5 :o l9$ ! bank & /ood on ! trees ov]hang+ ! riv]4 ,j z we 7 ab\t to /ep a%ore we notic$ t ! m5 l9+ ! bank above u _h rais$ _! spe>s 9 a v ?reat5+ attitude1 & ! old m5 on ! trees _h fitt$ _! arr[s to _! b[s ready to %oot at u4 ,we recogniz$ t we 7 9 a tight corn]2 we wond]$ :]e ! spe>s & arr[s w\ld /rike u4 ,a false movem5t w\ld h be5 misund]/ood1 & a %[] ( %>p weapons w\ld h be5 ! result4 ,our pulses rac$ tumultu\sly1 our he>ts seem$ to ?ump our ribs2 b outw>dly we 7 calm & self-possess$4 ,we did n "k until mon?s lat] h[ ne> we 7 to a horrible cata/rophe--to be+1 9 fact1 ! pr9cipal di%es at a cannibal fea/4 ,9 ! be/ 8trade language0 we c\ld mu/] we told ! excit$ savages :o & :at we 74 8,g away10 !y scream$1 8or we w kill y4 ,we want no?+ to d ) y :ite m540 ,we tri$ to expla9 ! purpose ( our visit1 & ask$ !m to let ! ,bungundu m5 l& & talk ) !m4 ,& all ! "t we 7 /&+ un>m$ )9 tw5ty feet ( _! uprais$ spe>s4 ,!re 0 a deadly sil5ce on ! little /eam]1 & ! crew _h tak5 refuge beh9d any & e ?+ t (f]$ protection f ^? murd]\s lances & arr[s4 8,g away10 !y %\t$ m fi]cely2 8we w kill ! m5 if !y come a%ore1 & all ( y aft]w>ds4 ,we'll h no?+ to d ) :ite m540 ,& 9 frantic unison ! excit$ mob took up ! cry ( _! head-m54 ,!re 0 no?+ = x b to pu% (f our /eam] & leave ! place4 ,x 0 n until we 7 beyond ! rea* ( _! arr[s t we brea!d freely1 & !n fully realiz+ ! :ole mean+ ( ! incid5t1 & its possibilities ( dea? to u & disa/] to our plans1 we b[$ our heads 9 pray]ful ?anks to ,god = ,8 protect+ c>e4 ,"s mon?s aft] our e/abli%m5t at ,monsembe1 ,i w5t d[n to ^? di/ricts 9 a canoe paddl$ by a few lads2 & ^? same ,bokomela p1 he>+1 f ! song ( ! lads1 t "o ( ! ,monsembe :ite m5 0 approa*+1 hurri$ out 9 _! canoes ) f[ls 9 _! h&s z tok5s ( _! good-w1 & begg$ me to g a%ore4 ,:at 0 ! reason = ?is /range & pleasant *ange respect+ u8 ,x 0 ?is3 ,9 ! meantime !y _h he>d ( our peaceable lives & int5tions2 ( our /raight=w>d & hone/ deal+s ) ! natives ab\t u2 t we nei!r /ole ?+s ourselves1 nor all[$ our p to /eal2 b always b\ght :at we want$ at a prop] m>ket value4 ,^! facts com+ to _! k _h entirely alt]$ _! attitude t[>ds u1 & _h turn$ =m] enemies into w\ld-be fri5ds4 ,on go+ a%ore !y gave me a mo/ cordial welcome1 & :5 quietness _h be5 re/or$1 ,i said3 8,"s mon?s ago we came to y on our little /eam]1 & y drove u away ) murd]\s ?reats ( spe>+ u4 ,:y 0 t8 ,we 7 quiet1 peaceable m52 :y 7 y 9 su* a rage80 ,an oldi% man1 sitt+ quietly on a /ool ne> by1 arose & said3 8,:ite man1 j be=e y came to u on y\r /eam]1 ! :ite m5 on a pass+ /eam] %ot our *ief & "s ( our p = no reason at all4 ,%ot !m d[n :ile /&+ quietly on ! bank1 & = t reason we swore to kill ! next :ite m5 t came our way1 & y 7 ! next to come40 ,und\bt$ly !y w\ld h _h _! rev5ge ^u u b t ,god plac$ ,8 h& ov] !irs1 s t nei!r spe> nor arr[ 0 hurl$ at u4 ,m ?an once or twice h we se5 ! spe>s pois$ ready = ! ?r[2 & e "t we h f\nd t "s c[>dly1 da/>dly :ite m5 _h be5 be=e u &1 hav+ %ot d[n ! natives = no reason :atev]1 _h gone (f & left ! next unsuspect+ :ite m5 :o w5t t way to be> ! brunt ( ! natives' mad1 b excusable1 desire = rev5ge4 ,legacies ( hatr$ h be5 un=tunately left by too _m :ite m5 among savage peoples1 :o reg>d all :ite folk z belong+ to "o tribe1 & z "o or m ( _! k9sm5 h be5 murd]$ by :ite m51 !n to retaliate by kill+ o!r :ite m5 w1 !y ?9k1 balance ! acc\nt4 ,z illu/rative ( ! prec$+ rem>ks ! foll[+ unv>ni%$ /ory is un=tunately too propos3 ,a ,/ate /eam] 9 #ahij 0 proce$+ up a tribut>y ( ! ,congo1 & on its upp] deck two :ite (fic]s 7 sitt+ hold+ a discussion on m>ksman%ip1 :5 !y saw1 at "s di/ance 9 front ( !m1 a native /&+ 9 8 canoe paddl+ x f "o side to ! o!r ( ! riv]4 ,! two (fic]s in/antly made a bet z to :i* ( !m c\ld knock ! man ov]4 ,guns 7 rais$ & fir$1 & ,capta9 ,x4 br\ght d[n ! poor unsuspect+ wret* & pocket$ ! /akes2#d b he left a h]itage ( hate t has la/$ to ?is day1 if !re are /ill alive 9 t di/rict any relatives ( ! murd]$ man1 or witnesses ( ! f\l murd]4 ,footnote #d3 ,9 #ahij ?is incid5t 0 common talk 9 t di/rict4 ,besides ! two m5 :o laid ! wag]1 !re 7 two o!r :ite m5 on bo>d--capta9 ( ! /eam] & ! eng9e]4 ,?is incid5t 0 m frequ5tly relat$ z a joke ?an o!rwise4 ,x seem$ to "s ( u a righte\s retribution :5 a c\ple ( ye>s lat] ,capta9 ,x4 himself 0 %ot by 8 native att5dant1 :e!r accid5tally or purposely nobody knew4 ,let me say1 once = all1 t among ! ,/ate (fic]s !re 7 g5tlem5 ( f9e1 /]l+ "* :o act$ fairly & hon\rably 9 all _! deal+s ) ! natives2 m5 ^: ideals 7 high1 ^: motives 7 good1 & :o desir$ no?+ bett] ?an ! amelioration ( ! tribes ) :i* !y came into contact4 ,if su* m5 _h be5 9 ! majority1 & _h _h a free h&1 ! pitiful1 horrible /ory ( ,congo atrocities w\ld nev] h be5 writt54 ,ab\t tw5ty-five miles above ,bokomela we came ^u ! ,monsembe di/rict4 ,!re 7 ?ree bays cr[d$ ) l>ge t[ns1 & only two miles beyond ,monsembe 0 a long creek teem+ ) p4 ,we reckon$ also t ,bungundu & ,bokomela di/ricts w\ld come )9 ! sph]e ( our influ5ce2 b be=e fix+ on ,monsembe z our c5tre we w5t /ill high] up-riv] to weigh ! possibilities ( o!r places4 ,t[n aft] t[n we pass$ ( prosp]\s1 heal?y1 fi]ce1 & b>b>\s savages4 ,v (t5 we 7 among/ !m & %ak+ h&s ) !m be=e !y _h decid$ :e!r to welcome or fight u2 !n see+ two fri5dly1 un>m$ :ite m5 9 _! mid/ !y greet$ u he>tily & 7 soon b>t]+ f[ls1 planta91 & v>i\s food-/uffs = empty bottles1 old meat t9s1 & ,man*e/] goods4 ,diboko 7or ,n\velles ,anv]s7 0 visit$2 & ) our colleagues at ,bopoto we sp5t a pleasant "t4 ,at ,bumba we came ^u a cont9u\s /ret* ( villages = ne>ly two miles 9 l5g?4 ,z we /eam$ close to ! bank we obs]v$ t ! villages 7 divid$ by gullies :i* 7 bridg$ by old canoe planks4 ,! folk 7 quiet1 & z ! place look$ well populat$ ) app>5tly prosp]\s p1 we decid$ to l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,a ,,village ,,/reet ,,9 ,,monsembe ,?is r[ ( h\ses belongs to "o man1 & :ile he may h "o = himself1 he w also h a wife 9 ea* hut4 ,e m>riage means an additional h\se1 = ! ,congo native is too cute to put two wom5 9 "o h\se4 ,arriv+ at ! extreme upp] end ( ! s]ies ( ,bumba villages1 we ti$ our /eam] to a tree on ! bank & w5t a%ore4 ,a few mis]able1 half-/>v$ dogs b>k$ at u2 b !re 0 no "o to greet u1 or object to our l&+4 ,we mov$ sl[ly =w>d1 & !n we notic$ t ! virile1 "y m51 arm$ ) spe>s & %ields1 7 keep+ ab\t fifty y>ds ahead ( u2 t ! old m5 & ! sick 7 cr\*+ ov] _! fires w>m+ _! h&s & keep+ up a con/ant *att]2 & t !re 0 an abs5ce ( wom5 & *ildr5 9 ! villages4 ,n[ :5 !re is an abs5ce ( wom5 & *ildr5 9 an ,african t[n or village1 y may be fairly c]ta9 t ! m5 are up to mis*ief1 or ?9k a fight is to ! =e4 ,we walk$ w>ily to keep ourselves out ( any possible ambu%2 & z we came to ! gullies divid+ ! villages we f\nd ! planks _h be5 remov$1 ?is necessitat$ our go+ d[n & up ! sides ( ! gullies4 ,arriv+ at ! la/ dit* we />t$ to cross x z we _h done ! o!rs1 :5 we obs]v$ a ru/le 9 ! tall grass on ! fur!r side1 & look+ closely we saw t ! bu% 0 alive ) arm$ m5 ) spe>s gripp$ ?reat5+ly4 ,j beyond !m 9 ! =e/ 7 _! wom5 & *ildr51 & !y 7 /&+ betwe5 !m & possible dea? or capture z repres5t$1 s !y ?\ght1 by ! two :ite m5 on ! opposite side ( ! gully4 ,to h run away w\ld h meant a %[] ( spe>s hurtl+ ?r\gh ! air aft] u f ! excit$ p1 s we sat d[n & p>ley$ ) !m4 8,did y ev] "k10 we ask$1 8:ite m5 com+ to fight )\t soldi]s80 8,no10 0 _! ready ?\gh surly reply4 8,well1 we h no soldi]s ) u10 0 our quick rejo9d]4 ,t 0 self-evid5t1 = !re 7 only a few ( our p]sonal lads ab\t u4 ,) a little m hope 9 our he>t ( escap+ f ano!r difficult fix1 we began aga94 8,did y ev] "k :ite m5 to come & fight )\t guns & swords80 0 our next "q4 8,no10 aga9 0 _! reply4 ,?is "t a little m fri5dl9ess 9 _! tone1 = _! fe>s ( a fight 71 l ours1 pass+ away4 8,well10 we argu$1 8we are two :ite m5 )\t guns or soldi]s1 b ) simply walk+-/icks 9 our h&s2 & are all y\r m5 arm$ ) spe>s afraid ( two :ite m5 ) walk+-/icks8 ,come & put up ! bridge & help u across40 ,aft] a %ort consultation among !mselves1 "s "y m5 replac$ ! plank & help$ u ov]2 & ! discreet di/ribution ( a few beads1 spoons1 & p5ny look+-glasses won = u _! et]nal good-w4 ,our return to ! /eam] 0 l a triumphal progress4 ,! m5 %\t$ & danc$ 9 v revulsion ( feel+ to f9d x 0 a fri5dly visit & n a fight4 ,plank bridges 7 quickly re>rang$1 & out/ret*$1 will+ h&s /eadi$ u z we cross$ !m4 ,! old & sick :o _h rema9$ ar\nd ! fires good hum\r$ly *aff$ ^? :o _h arm$ !mselves = a battle t nev] came (f4 ,all's well t ends well1 & ! p 7 z glad z we 7 t no blood _h be5 %$ & no wrong committ$4 ,!y begg$ u v e>ne/ly to come & live among !m4 ,we w5t z f> z ,ng+iri on ! ,riv] ,luika1 & !n turn$ ! nose ( our /eam] d[n-/ream4 ,monsembe 0 ! be/ c5tre = our "w t we _h se5 9 all ! long /ret* ( riv] we _h trav]s$ above ,lulanga4 ,!re we %\ld h ample room = expansion1 it9]ation1 & out-po/s along ! nor? bank f ,bungundu to ,likunungu--a di/ance ( #bjj miles2 we %\ld also h ! s\? bank 9 our p>i% f ,bolombo to ,bokatalaka ,creek--a /ret* ( #hj miles2 & ! creek j above our propos$ /ation site 0 said to communicate ) ! ,mobangi ,riv]4 ,we e/imat$ ! population ne> to ,monsembe1 among :om we %\ld be able to it9]ate on ,sundays1 at #gjjj1 & ?r\gh\t ! di/rict1 l9+ ! riv]1 at #ej1jjj at ! v lea/4 ,!n !re 7 ! h9t]l& t[ns1 ^: populations 7 z yet unkn[n4 ,x 0 a spl5did sph]e ( imm5se possibilities4 ,x 0 !re=e ) high hopes & undaunt$ he>ts t my colleague & ,i ent]$ ^u our lab\rs among ! cannibals ( ,monsembe4 ,we return$ ! m5 we _h borr[$ f ,bungundu4 ,:at a welcome !y _h on _! arrival home6 ,we _h be5 abs5t s long t ! folk _h almo/ giv5 up all hope ( ev] sett+ eyes aga9 on _! t[nsm54 ,!y receiv$ a suitable rew>d1 /rutt$ ab\t ! t[n 9 _! f9e1 brightly-col\r$ new clo?s1 & ,i suppose ev] aft]w>ds pos$ z widely travell$ m5 ^: words 9 future 7 to be tak5 on all matt]s relat+ to riv]9e geography1 tribal m>ks1 & o!r subjects4 ,leav+ ,bungundu we cross$ to ,lulanga &1 pick+ up ! goods we _h left !re 9 *>ge ( a ,dut* trad] :o treat$ u ) mu* k9dness & hospitality1 we return$ to our future home at ,monsembe1 :i* = ! next fifte5 ye>s 0 to be ! c5tre ( our _w & ! sc5e ( _m joys & sorr[s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,settl+ ,,at ,,monsembe ,moral way ( procur+ l&--,gr\nd measur$--,price ask$--,am\nt accept$--,sign+ ! agreem5t--,buy+ a h\se--,an exorbitant price--,a h\se = five %ill+s & a p5ny--,well-populat$ hut--,mak+ ourselves com=table--,cook+ difficulties ov]come--,pres5t ( two goats--,invet]ate ?ieves--,afraid ( our 8books40 ,! au?orities ( ! ,congo ,free ,/ate _h in=m$ u t we c\ld take possession ( any plot ( l& 9 ! di/rict t we c>$ to select4 ,we did n1 h[ev]1 believe 9 accept+ f a ,/ate t :i* !y _h no moral "r to give1 b 9 buy+ f ! p ! gr\nd !y only _h a "r to sell u = our /ation4 ,a few h\rs aft] our return to ,monsembe we measur$ out a piece ( l& "o hundr$ paces along ! riv] front by ?ree hundr$ paces deep1 & said t 9 ! morn+ we w\ld buy x ( !m4 ,next morn+ at six o'clock we f\nd a l>ge cr[d ga!r$ to witness ! novel transaction ( buy+ & sell+ l&4 ,!y =m$ a motley assemblage4 ,mo/ ( ! m5 _h two or m spe>s gripp$ tightly 9 _! h&s1 & broad-blad$1 ugly knives ( v>i\s %apes 7 /rapp$ 9 %ea?s ar\nd _! *e/s ) ! h&les level ) ! brea/-bone4 ,"s wore gaudy clo?s1 :ile o!rs _h b>k-clo? or rags t sc>cely cov]$ _! nak$ness4 ,! wom5 7 dress$ 9 petticoats made f palm fibres1 & ^! fr+es 7 s num]\s & %ort t ! we>]s _h e appe>ance ( black ballet girls4 ,_! faces 7 /reak$ ) diff]5t col\r$ pigm5ts1 or du/$ ) camwood p[d]2 & _! bodies 7 rubb$ ) palm-oil4 ,b5ea? ! pa9t1 ! p[d]1 & ! grease "o f\nd agreeable faces (t5 lit up ) really pleasant smiles4 ,we ask$ !m h[ mu* !y want$ = ! piece ( l&1 & )\t hesitation !y repli$1 8,five ?\s& brass rods40 8,no10 we said1 8we _c pay y s l>ge a sum z t1 b we w give y "o ?\s& rods n[1 & ano!r five hundr$ 9 six mon?s' "t1 if y behave y\rselves40 ,! head-m5 consult$ ap>t = a "t1 & !n _! spokesman said3 8,we w accept y\r (f] ( "o ?\s& rods n[ & ano!r five hundr$ 9 six mon?s' "t1 if y w put on top "s bottles1 "s knives1 spoons1 t9 plates1 look+-glasses1 =ks1 c[ries1 beads1 clo?1 fi%-hooks10 etc4 etc41 9 fact samples ( ev]y?+ !y _h ei!r ev] he>d ab\t or c\ld recall to m9d at s %ort a notice4 ,un=tunately = !m we _h n su* a v>iety ( b>t] goods z !y dem&$1 & we frankly told !m s2 b we promis$ to add "s ( ! articles we did h ) u4 ,we cut & c\nt$ out ! ?\s& rods1#e ti$ !m up 9 bundles ( "o hundr$ ea*1 & !n rak$ out two empty pickle bottles f our /ore &1 putt+ "s fa?oms ( clo?1 a packet ( brass *air nails1 a few iron spoons1 "s trade knives1 a doz5 z9c-fram$ look+-glasses1 a few empty meat t9s1 ! gr\nd became ! prop]ty ( our ,society = ab\t #chs4 wor? ( goods1 reckon+ !m at invoice price4 ,footnote #e3 ,brass rods4 ,a brass rod at ,monsembe at t "t 0 #ae in*es long1 & n q s ?ick z a slate p5cil4 ,^! rods 7 ! curr5cy ( ! di/rict &1 9 fact1 ( ! :ole ( ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,ev]y?+ _h its price 9 brass rods--"o egg "o brass rod2 a f[l t5 brass rods2 two y>ds ( clo? tw5ty brass rods2 a male slave #fjj brass rods2 & a female slave #bejj brass rods4 ,! brass wire = ^! rods 0 orig9ally melt$ d[n = _! brass ornam5ts--anklets1 necklaces1 armlets1 leg r+s1 hafts ( spe>s1 paddles1 & h&les ( knives1 etc4 ,x 0 us+ ! brass = ?is purpose t fir/ gave x any real value to !m2 & !n !y ex*ang$ c]ta9 l5g?s ( ! brass wire at a fix$ price--s _m fa?oms = a goat1 etc42 & gradually ! l5g?s ( brass wire became ! m$ium ( ex*ange1 ! unit ( value1 ! curr5cy ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 #ahij ! brass rods /ill reta9$ _! value n s mu* z a m$ium ( b>t]1 al?\gh !y 7 conv5i5t = t purpose1 b z ! metal f :i* !y made _! mo/ popul> ornam5ts4 ,x is q possible t ! rods *ang$ h&s 9 fa?om l5g?s1 & ^? :o came into possession ( ^! l5g?s1 ea* cut (f a little piece to procure a bit ( brass = no?+1 & h5ce ! l5g? 0 gradually %ort5$1 until 9 #ahij x 0 #ae in*es4 ,! process ( %ort5+ cont9u$1 & 9 #aije ! /&>d l5g? 0 only #aa in*es4 ,9 ,bolobo x 0 ab\t #i in*es1 & on ! ,l[] ,congo1 :]e brass wire 0 us$ long be=e x filt]$ ?r\gh to ! tribes on ! ,upp] ,congo1 x 0 f f\r to five in*es only 9 #aije4 ,( c\rse1 ) ! %ort5+ ( ! rod1 a l>g] numb] 0 giv5 = ! article to be pur*as$4 ,e :ite man import$ 8 brass wire 9 coils1 & cut ! rod to ! l5g? us$ 9 ! di/rict :]e he resid$4 ,brass rods are n[ almo/ a drug 9 ! m>ket1 = n only h !y be5 p\r$ into ! c\ntry 9 a /eady /ream = ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 b ! cu/om ( melt+ d[n brass = ! manufacture ( ornam5ts has be5 sl[ly dy+ out dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,!y desire o!r ?+s ?an simply ornam5ts n[4 ,we !n ?\ght x wise to draw up a pap] /at+ we _h b\ght ! l& ( ! p1 ! price we _h giv51 & ! am\nt we _h promis$ 9 six mon?s' "t4 ,! docum5t 0 duly writt5 out1 & my colleague & ,i sign$ x on behalf ( ! ,b4,m4,s4 ,we !n ask$ two ( _! head-m5 to put _! m>ks aga9/ _! names on ! pap] z witnesses to ! fact t we _h pur*as$ ! gr\nd1 s t !re c\ld n be any future possible dispute ab\t our possession ( ! site4 ,at fir/ !y demurr$ greatly to hav+ any?+ to d ) ! :ite man's 8book02 !y 7 extremely sup]/iti\s ab\t ! matt]2 x 0 some?+ uncanny1 & = all !y knew "s my/]i\s evil might be ! result ( t\*+ t 8book40 ,x ne$$ mu* p]suasion1 & x 0 only :5 we po9t$ out to !m t !y w\ld h no pro( t we ow$ !m five hundr$ rods t _! cupidity ov]came _! fe>s1 & !y cons5t$ to put _! m>ks4 ,mata ,bombo 0 ! fir/ head-man *os5 = ?is on]\s duty4 ,he 0 ! olde/ head-man 9 ! t[n1 & _h be5 =emo/ 9 ! negotiations = ! l&1 9 c\nt+ ! goods1 & mo/ clamor\s = 8 %>e ( !m4 ,! p !re=e rightly ?\ght t he %\ld be ! fir/ to und]take ! unpleasant duty ( putt+ 8 m>k on ! 8book10 s !y laugh+ly pu%$ him =w>d mu* aga9/ 8 w4 ,:5 he rea*$ ! table he 0 trembl+ all ov] f v fe> ( t 8book0 ly+ !re ^u x4 ,8 h& %ook s mu* t ,i _h to put my h& ^u 8 & help him to make 8 m>k4 ,on f9i%+ x he put ! p5 d[n ) a dab1 drew himself to 8 full height1 c>efully /ret*$ out 8 arms1 & f9d+ t no?+ _h happ5$ to him1 he w5t away app>5tly satisfi$ t x 0 possible to h contact ) t my/]i\s 8book0 ( ! :ite man's & n suff] = x4 ,! next witness 0 a mu* y\ng] man1 :o1 see+ t no?+ _h happ5$ to ! fir/1 came =w>d )\t any urg+1 pick$ up ! p51 made 8 m>k & w5t 8 way z ?\gh he 7 us$ to sign+ contracts e day ( 8 life4 ,?us ! l& became ours on behalf ( our ,society4 ,hav+ settl$ ab\t ! site1 our next requirem5t 0 a h\se into :i* we c\ld move our goods f ! /eam]1 & 9 :i* we c\ld live1 = x 0 necess>y t ! ,peace %\ld return imm$iately to ,bolobo4 ,look+ ov] ! gr\nd we _h b\ght1 we saw a native hut t w\ld suit u until we c\ld build a l>g] & bett] "o4 ,we _h pur*as$ ! l& & ! trees ^u x2 b we _h arrang$ ) ! p t all ! h\ses on our newly acquir$ site %\ld be remov$4 ,to !m ?is 0 a trifl+ affair3 !y ran a knife along a few /r+s1 a doz5 m5 got "u ! ro(1 & 9 a few m9utes y w\ld see x walk+ d[n ! road2 a few m m5 %ook ! walls1 uproot$ ! po/s1 & 9 an h\r or s ! h\se 0 rebuilt on ano!r site4 ,we call$ ! own] ( ! h\se t we ?\ght w\ld tempor>ily answ] our purpose1 & ask$ him h[ mu* he want$ = x4 8,five hundr$ brass rods10 0 8 quick reply4 ,natives g5]ally ask ab\t two or ?ree times ! value ( an article1 & ,i fancy ?is cu/om is n altoge!r peculi> to ,african p4 8,t is too mu*10 0 our answ] to 8 extravagant dem&4 8,we w give y two hundr$ rods = ! h\se1 & !n y w be well paid40 ,he cogitat$ on our (f] = a few m9utes1 & !n lift+ 8 head1 he said3 8,if y put a t9 plate on top ( ! two hundr$ rods y c h ! h\se40 ,s we paid him two hundr$ brass rods1 & a p5ny t9 plate2 & = ! fir/ "t 9 our lives became ! own]s ( h\se prop]ty4 ,directly we _h paid ! price ! man call$ 8 wives 7he 0 ! happy 787 possessor ( six7 to remove _! belong+s4 ,!y br\ght out _! saucepans1 hoes1 baskets1 mats1 dr9k+-pots1 firewood1 & ! re/ ( _! miscellane\s effects2 ! man c>ri$ out 8 paddles1 spe>s1 knives1 %ield1 & a few preci\s glass bottles t _h conta9$ pickles1 lime-juice1 & dr9ks ( /rong] brew1 & !n told u ! h\se 0 ready = u4 ,we really c\ld n expect a mansion = ! am\nt we _h paid1 viz4 #es4 #a;d42 & we f\nd t 9 ord] to ent] x we _h to /oop l[1 lift our feet high1 &1 be+ un=tunately /\t1 we _h to turn sideways to effect an entry4 ,arriv+ inside1 by putt+ up ! h& we c\ld t\* ! ridge-pole1 by spread+ out ! arms & sway+ slightly we c\ld t\* bo? walls1 a few paces took u f "o end to ! o!r ( ! c5tral room1 & if we _h gone aga9/ ! wall & want$ to /& upright we %\ld h _h to put our heads ?r\gh ! ro(1 = ! walls 7 only j f\r feet high4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 a ,dut* ,trad] ,,gr\p ,,( ,,mobeka ,,m5 ,mobeka is situat$ at ! m\? ( ! ,mungala ,riv]1 & ! inhabitants ( t & _m o!r villages 9 ! vic9ity belong to ! ,boloki tribe4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,,look+ ,,up ,,lake ,,lib9za ,,f ,,bosis]a ,lake ,lib9za is a l>ge %eet ( wat] 9 ! h9t]l& ( ,n\velles ,anv]s4 ,x is /udd$ ) num]\s isl&s1 & is dra9$ by ! ,ngiri ,riv]1 :i* runs into ! ,mobangi tribut>y4 ,! h\se1 h[ev]1 _h ! advantage ( two small rooms--"o at ei!r end ( ! l>g] c5tral room4 ,9 "o ( ^! small rooms we /or$ our tools1 nails1 & v>i\s mat]ials = build+ our /ation2 into ! o!r small room we put our b>t] goods & our scanty /ock ( provisions2 & 9 ! c5tral room we arrang$ our two camp b$/eads1 a table1 a trunk or two1 our *airs1 & :5 we w5t 9 ourselves !re 0 n v mu* room to sp>e4 ,t night :5 we w5t to b$ we discov]$ t al?\gh ! wom5 _h remov$ _! pots1 hoes1 mats1 etc41 !y _h left beh9d !m a l>ge population :i* we wi%$ !y _h also tak5 ) !m4 ,to make our hut m habitable 0 our fir/ object4 ,we cut away ! high door-sill ( /icks1 canes1 & grass2 !n 9 ! eaves above ! doorway we made a gap 9 ! ro( by %ort5+ a few raft]s & remov+ ! palm-frond ?at*--?is gave u an easy means ( entrance & exit4 ,!n we plac$ two poles ab\t eight feet f ! front ( our hut1 & six feet f ea* o!r2 a small pole 0 ti$ to ! po/s ab\t six feet f ! gr\nd1 & o!r ?9 poles 7 run f ! cross-piece to ! ro(1 & on ^! we arrang$ & ti$ a l>ge numb] ( fronds f a small species ( palm tree--?is gave u a f9e %ady por* to our h\se1 :i* we us$ z d9+-room1 /udy1 pantry1 & reception-room4 ,we r\t$ out a good p]c5tage ( ! surplus population f our hut1 & on f9e days we 7 n s uncom=table z to h any real gr\nd = compla9t4 ,b alas on wet days6 ,! discom=t ( !m has left a la/+ impression on my memory4 ,) a tornado ! temp]ature (t5 dropp$ f #ij d[n to #fe 9 less ?an two h\rs2 ! /rong1 /ormy w9ds :i/l$ ?r\gh ! grass walls ( our hut2 & ! ra9 t fell 9 torr5ts p]colat$ ?r\gh our ro(1 & 9 "s places1 along ! ridge especially1 x ran 9 g5tle cascades1 any?+ b pleasant to ! own]s ( su* h\se prop]ty to behold4 ,to h made a fire 9 ! h\se to w>m ourselves1 z ! natives did1 w\ld h meant be+ m ?an half *ok$ & bl9d$ by ! smoke t w\ld h fill$ ! *imneyless h\se4 ,we ev5tually f\nd t ! be/ way to wea!r ! /orms com=tably 0 to lie on our camp b$s1 pull a wat]pro( %eet ov] u1 light a c&le1 & putt+ x on a dry spot read until ! tornado _h sp5t itself4 ,!re 0 ano!r difficulty t we _h to meet1 viz4 cook+4 ,x 0 easy en\gh to boil & fry our food2 b boil$ meat & f[ls aft] a few weeks some:at pall2 & we _h n suffici5t fat or l>d to fry mu*4 ,!re 0 palm-oil 9 abundance to be b\ght = a few brass rods1 b we _h too frequ5tly wat*$ ! natives make x to reli% food fri$ 9 x4 ,we !re=e b\ght two native saucepans = a p5ny ea*2 ^! 7 ab\t #aj in*es 9 diamet]1 #f in*es deep1 & semicircul> 9 %ape4 ,"o we /ood on ?ree /ones1 plac$ an empty s>d9e t9 9 ! bottom1 &1 lay+ a f[l on a t9 di%1 arrang$ x on ! s>d9e t91 & !n turn$ ! second saucepan upside d[n on ! fir/1 fitt+ _! edges toge!r4 ,our f[ls bak$ beautifully 9 ?is improvis$ ov52 b ! saucepan _h a t5d5cy to crack4 ,lat] on we procur$ an empty p>aff9-oil drum1 cut out ! top ) a hamm] & *isel1 laid ! drum d[n1 & put 9 a lay] ( clay along ! bottom side4 ,?is clay n only gave u a level surface on :i* to /& our di%es1 b also kept ! food f burn+1 & reta9$ ! heat4 ,we !n nail$ "s t91 procur$ by flatt5+ out a few empty meat t9s1 ov] "s pieces ( wood1 & !re we _h an admirable door = our new ov54 ,x cook$ f[ls1 pudd+s1 & bread#f spl5didly4 ,no pat5t has yet be5 s\ght = ^! inv5tions1 s all ^? plac$ 9 a simil> pr$icam5t are free to use !m4 ,footnote #f3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #a1 p4 #cce4 ,f[ls 7 pl5tiful1 su* z !y 72 b fre% meat 7beef1 mutton1 or goat7 0 a r>ity4 ,consequ5tly we 7 n at all sorry :5 two head-m5 br\ght u1 "o day1 a goat ea* z a pres5t4 ,up to t "t we _h n receiv$ a s+le pres5t f !m1 n because ! natives _h n br\ght any to u--!y w\ld h load$ u ) _! s-call$ gifts--b we _h p]si/5tly refus$ !m on pr9ciple1 kn[+ z we did t ! (f]+s 7 simply pres5t$ t ! giv]s might receive two or ?ree times _! value 9 return pres5ts1 & we _h no desire to fo/] su* a _s ( selfi%ness1 & no money to wa/e on fooli% am5ities4 ,we _h refus$ s _m 8gifts0 t :5 ^! two head-m5 br\ght _! goats & (f]$ "o to ,mr4 ,/apleton & ! o!r to myself1 we decid$ to accept !m4 ,we _h1 h[ev]1 no enclosure 9 :i* to keep goats1 s putt+ a private m>k on !m we s5t !m to h]d ) ! o!r goats ( ! t[n4 ,we arrang$ t z ! goats 7 ( ! same size1 we w\ld give exactly ! same return pres5ts4 ,we reckon$ ! goats at fifty brass rods ea*--! m>ket value ( !m2 b we decid$ to give 9 b>t] goods ! equival5ts ( "o hundr$ rods ea*1 :i* we ?\ght 0 suffici5tly g5]\s = ! occasion4 ,mr4 ,/apleton call$ ,d9tela1 ! head-man :o _h pres5t$ him ) 8 goat1 & spread+ out ! goods he made ! usual spee* ( good-w1 etc41 t ! ev5t dem&$4 ,d9tela gave him to und]/& t ! pres5t 0 too small1 t :ite m5 :o 7 s ri* %\ld give a mu* l>g] quantity ( goods1 & t he c\ld n accept su* a paltry pres5t4 ,z ,mr4 ,/apleton w\ld n increase ! (f]+1 ,d9tela dem&$ ! return ( ! goat1 & ty+ a /r+ r\nd its neck he l$ x away1 mu* disgu/$ t he _h n made s good a b>ga9 out ( 8 pres5t to ! :ite man z he _h anticipat$4 ,a few days lat] z ,bololi1 ! head-man :o _h giv5 me ! o!r goat1 0 pass+ across ! /ation ,i call$ him into ! h\se1 & spread+ out ! goods id5tically ! same z my colleague _h (f]$ to 8 head-man1 ,i ask$ him to accept !m z a tok5 ( our fri5dl9ess1 etc41 9 return = 8 goat4 ,he made "s ge/ures expressive ( 8 depreciation ( ! gift1 & aft] a haggl+ attempt to procure an increase ( goods1 he1 to my surprise 9 view ( ! action ( ,d9tela1 collect$ ! articles1 put !m 9 8 %\ld] p\*1 & w5t (f app>5tly satisfi$4 ,! next day :5 we want$ to kill ! goat x _h disappe>$1 & we nev] aga9 set eyes ^u x4 ,d9tela refus$ ! goods & took 8 goat away2 b evid5tly !y _h talk$ ov] ! matt] ) ! o!r m5 9 ! t[n1 & ! result 0 t ,bololi accept$ ! articles & aft]w>ds /ole ! goat1 :i* 9 ! eyes ( ! natives 0 mu* ! sm>t] action ( ! two4 ,aft] ?is1 :5 head-m5 7 too press+ 9 _! (f]s ( fri5dly pres5ts1 we relat$ ! /ory ( ! two goats1 & x nev] fail$ to cure !m ( _! fits ( g5]osity4 ,we f\nd !m at t "t1 z ! above incid5t ( ! goats indicates1 mo/ invet]ate ?ieves2 b a few ye>s lat] :5 ?ree "y m5 ( ! t[n broke into our /ore & /ole goods to ! value ( sixte5 ?\s& brass rods1 ! mass ( ! p arose 9 su* indignation on le>n+ ! facts t !y ti$ up ! ?ieves1 al?\gh !y 7 free m5 & n slaves1 &1 br++ !m to u ignom9i\sly b\nd1 laid !m at our feet4 ,& public op9ion 0 s unmi/akable 9 d5\nc+ ! act1 t ! "y m5 & _! families disgorg$ ! :ole ( :at !y _h /ol5 f u to ! la/ brass rod4 ,at fir/ !y absolutely refus$ to tru/ u ev5 ) ! value ( an egg--we _h to put ! price 9 _! h&s z we took ! article2 b gradually !y became less suspici\s ( u4 ,dur+ ! e>ly mon?s at ,monsembe our /eam] fail$ to arrive at ! expect$ "t1 consequ5tly our small supply ( b>t] goods became exhau/$2 & to be )\t ^! articles ( ex*ange 9 su* a c\ntry 0 l be+ a =eign] 9 a /range l& )\t money4 ,food1 h[ev]1 0 necess>y1 bo? = ourselves & ^? dep5d5t on u4 ,we told ! natives t our /ore 0 practically empty1 & t we c\ld n pay !m !n1 b w\ld d s :5 we receiv$ our goods f d[n-riv]4 ,we (f]$ !m pap]s /at+ :at we _h b\ght1 ! price agre$ ^u1 ! date1 & ! sell]'s "n--a k9d ( promissory note :i* we promis$ to r$eem on ! arrival ( our /eam]4 ,! natives said3 8,we w let y h ! food supplies t y ne$1 b we w n accept y\r books40 ,!y call$ any piece ( pap] at t "t a 8book40 8,:y w y n take our books80 we inquir$2 8= we may =get h[ mu* we owe1 & to :om we owe x40 8,oh1 y w n =get y\r debts10 !y repli$2 8& if !re 7 any fe> ( t we %\ld n ev5 !n accept y\r books1 b %\ld refuse to let y h ! food )\t ! money40 8,:y w y n take our books1 !n80 we aga9 ask$ 9 amazem5t4 8,well10 !y said1 8if we 7 to accept y\r books1 & put !m 9 our h\ses1 no ra9 w\ld fall on our f>ms1 & we %\ld all be />v$ to dea?40 ,argue z we w\ld1 we c\ld n move !m f _! sup]/iti\s position 9 relation to our poor little pieces ( pap]4 ,by t "t !y knew our int5tions t[>ds !m 7 good1 or !y w\ld n h tru/$ u ) _! f[ls1 eggs1 planta91 & native bread )\t receiv+ ! b>t] goods at once1 yet !y 7 afraid ( ! evil effects our 8books0 w\ld h on _! f>ms4 ,!y ?\ght ! magic 0 9 ! 8book10 & 9 spite ( our good motives t t magic w\ld "w aga9/ !m directly ! 8books0 _h pass$ f u into _! possession4 ,:ile ! 8books0 7 9 our h\se we controll$ or nullifi$ _! evil magic1 b :5 !y _h pass$ out ( our h&s we _h no fur!r p[] ov] _! wick$ =ces1 & ! natives 7 afraid ( n be+ able to c\nt]act _! black art1 h5ce _! cont9u$ refusal to accept !m4 ,x 0 a curi\s belief t obsess$ !m3 t m5 :o !y firmly believ$ 7 k9dly dispos$ t[>ds !m %\ld yet h 9 _! possession su* 8books0 z w\ld "w mis*ief to ^? = :om !y _h no?+ b fri5dly feel+s4 ,we !re=e ent]$ _! names 9 a notebook z we b\ght ! food supplies1 & ?us keep+ an acc\nt ( :at money we ow$1 & to :om1 we 7 able to settle our acc\nts ) !m at a lat] date4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,/ruggles ,,) ,,! ,,language 8,trade0 & 8,bangala0 languages--,mak+ a vocabul>y--,h\sekeep] & ma/] ( works--,natives tell u words--,elem5ts ( difficulty--,glib translations--,natives deceive u--,head-m5 (f] u w9es--,we are a conundrum to our neighb\rs--,confid5ce ga9$ at la/--,collect ne>ly sev5 ?\s& root words--,a mode ( mak+ d]ivations--,native figures ( spee*4 ,on ! ma9 riv] !re 0 a mix$ language1 commonly call$ among u ! 8trade language02 by means ( ?is l+ua franca we 7 able to make ourselves und]/ood at ! v>i\s places at :i* we t\*$ on our se>* = a new site1 & x /ood u 9 good /ead dur+ our e>ly days among ! ,monsembe p4 ,!re 0 a l>ge elem5t ( ,bobangi 9 x1 "s ,kiswahili words1 & a few ,l[] ,congo words & phrases4 ,?is 8trade language0 has n[ be5 supplant$ by :at is call$ ! 8,bangala language10 :i* is a mixture ( ! languages already m5tion$1 ) a smatt]+ ( ,bangala words ?r[n 94 ,= a consid]able "t ,diboko 7,n\velles ,anv]s71 or z x is mo/ frequ5tly call$ by :ite m5 g5]ally :5 speak+ to natives1 ,bangala1 0 ! l>ge/ ,/ate /ation above ,/anley ,pool4 ,a l>ge numb] ( natives 7 import$ !re f all ! tribes on ! ,upp] ,congo1 & ?is het]og5e\s mass ( humanity1 (t5 numb]+ ov] two ?\s& soldi]s1 workm51 & wom51 held communication ) ea* o!r by means ( ! 8trade language40 ,! sm>te/ ( ! natives 9 ! t[ns adjac5t to ,diboko quickly le>n$ ?is j>gon1 & us$ x m or less flu5tly :5 communicat+ ) ! ,/ate soldi]s & workm52 & ! :ite m5 he>+ ! natives ( ! neighb\rhood talk+ ?is l+o jump$ to ! conclusion t x 0 _! own tongue 9 :i* !y 7 conv]s+1 & ?us call$ x ! ,bangala language1 & by t "n x is n[ g5]ally kn[n on ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,z x 0 ) ! 8trade language0 s x is ) ! 8,bangala02 x v>ies consid]ably ) ! tribe us+ x4 ,a ,bobangi man :5 9 difficulty = a ^w or phrase :ile speak+ 8,bangala0 w fill up ! hiatus ) a ^w f 8 "m-tongue2 ! ,bangalas1 ,bopoto1 & ,bosoko peoples w fill up ! gaps1 ea* f _! own language1 s t ! 8,bangala0 spok5 diff]s accord+ to ! di/rict 9 :i* ! travell] may be soj\rn+4 ,a crew runn+ a /eam]1 or a gang ( m5 work+ on a /ation1 ?\gh !y may come f half a doz5 diff]5t tribes1 w quickly arrange a l+o ( _! own1 & ! :ite man runn+ ! /eam]1 or 9 *>ge ( ! /ation1 w easily acquire ! result+ patt]1 & up to a c]ta9 po9t make himself fairly well und]/ood 9 all matt]s relat+ to ! ord9>y affairs ( /eam] or /ation life4 ,9 ! ne> future !re w be1 no d\bt1 a language =m$ by a gradual selection ( words & phrases f all ! great languages on ! riv] f ,/anley ,pool to ,/anley ,falls4 ,su* a means ( int]communication w be a great boon to all conc]n$--black & :ite alike--a bett] und]/&+ w result1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 a great] respect = ea* o!r4 ,directly we settl$ at ,monsembe we began to le>n ! language ( ! p among/ :om we 7 liv+4 ,! 8trade language0 0 all t 0 necess>y to a pass]-by2 x answ]$ ! purpose ( b>t]+ = food & deal+ ) ! trivialities ( life2 b 0 absolutely inadequate = convey+ our message z mission>ies1 or = deal+ ) ! f9] & deep] affairs ( ! m9ds1 he>ts1 & s\ls ( our p>i%ion]s4 ,we _h !re=e to le>n ! language1 & we _h no desire to %irk ! drudg]y1 nor avoid ! ardu\s1 p]si/5t ef=t su* a /udy dem&$1 = we reg>d$ x z a "p ( our "w1 & n ! lea/ int]e/+ "p ei!r4 ,my colleague1 ,mr4 ,/apleton1 & ,i arrang$ t "o %\ld take *>ge ( ! h\se1 buy ! food br\ght = sale1 & prep>e ! meals2 :ile ! o!r %\ld look aft] ! workm51 cle> ! grass away1 m>k out ! gr\nd1 collect mat]ials = build+1 & />t ! erection ( a l>g] & m com=table h\se ?an our poor hut4 ,we 7 to alt]nate ^! duties--"o 0 to be h\sekeep] "o week1 & head ( ! works dep>tm5t ! next week4 ,z ,i _h be5 9 ! c\ntry n9e ye>s ! heavi] end ( ! /ick fell naturally to my lot4 ,i _h br\ght two m5 & a lad ) me f ! ,l[] ,congo1 "o ,cam]oons man capable ( do+ r\gh c>p5try _h jo9$ u at ,bolobo1 & we _h hir$ two m5 at ,lukolele1 s we _h "s help2 b m 0 necess>y1 & we 7 able to engage a few natives--z _m z we requir$--at tw5ty rods p] mon? z pay1 five rods p] week rations1 & "o fa?om ( clo? p] mon? to we>1 :i* came 9 all to ab\t two %ill+s1 invoice price4 ,?is seems v small1 b we 7 9 ! he>t ( ,africa :]e brass rods & clo? 7 wor?1 at t p]iod1 _m times _! invoice value1 = _! buy+ p[] 0 v great1 & food 0 s pl5tiful & *eap t #ab lbs4 ( native bread c\ld be b\ght = a s+le brass rod1 & a l>ge-size fi% = ano!r rod4 ,! m5 (t5 reque/$ t we w\ld r$uce _! ration rods & proportionately increase _! mon?ly pay1 :i* we did4 ,:ile we 7 digg+ ! holes = ! po/s ( our l>g] h\se1 ! natives :o 7 curi\sly wat*+ u1 said3 8,oh1 to d t sort ( ?+10 imitat+ a scoop+ action ) ! words1 8is tima40 ,s we wrote d[n tima to dig2 :5 we _h f9i%$ ! hole1 !y said x 01 8lifoko10 h5ce we put d[n lifoko hole2 :5 we procur$ a po/1 !y told u its "n 0 mwete1 & t we record$ z mwete a po/2 on /&+ ! po/ 9 ! hole !y in=m$ u t t 0 suma mwete1 & we wrote t d[n z suma mwete to /& a po/ 9 a hole4 ,:5 we plac$ ! wall-plate on !y gave u a ^w = t2 :5 we br\ght hamm] & nails out ( our tool-h\se !y acqua9t$ u ) ! names = ^? ?+s2 :5 we hamm]$ a nail to hold ! wall-plate 9 position !y gave u an expression = nail+2 & if by any accid5t we hit our f+] in/ead ( ! nail1 !y f\nd a suitable expletive = t action also4 ,night by night my colleague & ,i add$ ! words toge!r we _h procur$ dur+ ! day & c\nt$ !m z eag]ly z any mis] might 8 gold1 = we recogniz$ 9 !m a means by :i* we %\ld ev5tually be able to deliv] our message4 ,x 0 v difficult to acquire words = ab/ract ideas1 z c\rage1 fai?1 love1 recklessness1 etc42 & x 0 n easy to procure words = tangible objects--?+s t we c\ld po9t to & t\*4 ,i rememb] on "o occasion want+ ! ^w = table4 ,!re 7 five or six boys /&+ ar\nd1 & tapp+ ! table ) my =ef+] ,i ask$3 8,:at is ?is80 ,"o boy said x 0 dodela1 ano!r t x 0 et&a1 a ?ird /at$ x 0 bokali1 a f\r? t x 0 elamba1 & ! fif? said x 0 meza4 ,^! v>i\s words we wrote 9 our notebook1 & congratulat$ ourselves t we 7 work+ among a p :o possess$ s ri* a language t !y _h five words = "o article4 ,by & by we want$ a table br\ght to u1 & select+ a ^w at r&om f our li/ ( five words1 ea* "o ( :i* we suppos$ meant table1 we said3 8,b5ga bokali0 fet* ! table4 ,! boys look$ at u ) consid]able a/oni%m5t1 &1 notic+ _! emb>rassm5t1 we *eck$ ! li/ ( words & f\nd t "o lad _h ?\ght we want$ ! ^w = tapp+1 s he told u dodela to tap2 ano!r und]/ood we 7 seek+ ! ^w = ! mat]ial ( :i* ! table 0 made1 & he gave u et&a plank2 ano!r _h an idea t we requir$ ! ^w = h>dness1 t :i* caus$ ! noise z we tapp$ ) our f+]1 & he told u bokali1 & t is :at we _h told !m to br+3 b5ga bokali fet* ! h>dness1 a feat !y c\ld n possibly accompli%2 ano!r ?\ght we wi%$ = a "n = t :i* cov]$ ! table1 & 8 contribution 0 elamba clo?2 & ! la/ lad1 n be+ able1 p]haps1 to ?9k ( any?+ else1 gave u ! ^w meza table--! v ^w we 7 seek+4 ,we _h to scrat* out ! fir/ f\r words1 leave ! ^w meza1 & pass on1 hav+ le>n$ a good lesson on ! evil results ( jump+ too quickly to conclusions4 ,if ! read] kn[s no ,g]man1 & %\ld ev] happ5 to be 9 ! company ( "s five or six ,g]mans :o d n und]/& a s+le ^w ( ,engli%1 let him ask3 8,:at is ?is80 9 indiff]5t ,g]man1 & write d[n _! sev]al answ]s4 ,9 le>n+ & r$uc+ to writ+ an unwritt5 language !re are always sev]al elem5ts t increase & complicate ! difficulties4 ,!re is :at is 9 y\r own m9d z ! object = :i* y are seek+ a ^w1 & !re is :at ! native ?9ks is ! object = :i* y are want+ ! ^w1 :i* two ?+s may be v diff]5t2 aga91 :5 y are se>*+ = a ^w to embody an ab/ract quality !re is1 on ! "o h&1 ! mean+ y atta* to ! words y use z illu/rative ( ! idea = :i* y want ! ^w2 & !re is1 on ! o!r h&1 ! mean+ :i* y\r native lad atta*es to ! words y employ1 & ! two sets ( mean+s may widely v>y4 ,y may unkn[+ly employ a wrong phrase 9 y\r description ( ! quality y are want+ a ^w to express1 & y\r tea*] is ei!r puzzl$ or ?r[n entirely (f ! sc5t1 & ! result leads to a disa/r\s mi/ake &1 unless correct$ lat]1 to a false1 mislead+ translation4 ,suppose y want a ^w = heal?9ess2 y say t a man walks well e day1 paddles = long di/ances )\t fatigue1 eats 8 food he>tily1 has no pa9s 9 8 body1 & nev] ne$s to g to a m$ic9e-man4 8,:at d y call t80 ,y\r help] w consid] = a mom5t1 & !n reply3 8,abe na bonganga40 ,by & by y g ov] ! description ) ano!r p]son1 & he says ( su* a man3 8,abe na nkonjo40 ,a few days lat]1 9 ord] to *eck ! =m] tea*]s1 y try ano!r "y man1 & he tells y3 8,abe na nkasu40 ,9 due "t1 h[ev]1 y discov] t abe na bonganga means3 he has a p[]ful *>m2 t abe na nkonjo he has good luck2 & abe na nkasu he is v /rong2 & t nkuli is ! prop] ^w = heal?9ess4 ,y\r help]s h n purposely l$ y a/ray1 = !y h simply /at$ f _! po9t ( view h[ !y w\ld reg>d su* a =tunate man :o c walk1 paddle1 eat well1 has no pa9s 9 8 body1 & nev] ne$s m$ic9e--he mu/ possess a p[]ful *>m1 or h wond]ful luck1 or be exce$+ly /rong4 ,:5 y "k ! natives bett] y f9d !y r>ely talk ab\t _! heal?1 h5ce abe na nkuli he has heal?9ess1 w\ld n come readily to _! m9ds4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 our po9t ( view & t ( our tea*]s acc\nts = _m ( ! difficulties we exp]i5ce 9 le>n+ a native language2 & ,i am afraid t a real appreciation ( ^? difficulties has r5d]$ me some:at suspici\s ( ^? travell]s :o1 aft] a v %ort acqua9tance ) ! native language1 translate glibly _! int]views ) ! p4 ,j rec5tly ,i h be5 read+ a book on ! ,congo 9 :i* ! foll[+ occurs3 8,bikei yonsono1 malami be na ,mputu4 ,sola koye40 ,?is ! au?or1 :o frequ5tly takes cr$it to himself = 8 k ( ! native language1 translates z foll[s3 8,all ,i say is true1 y say ,i lie4 ,x is f9i%$4 ,i h se5 ^? ?+s2 y h n40 ,:]eas x %\ld be3 ,all ?+s are v good 9 ,mputu 7:ite man's c\ntry74 ,truly fri5d6 ,& ! s5t5ce 9 ,bangala %\ld h be5 writt53 ,bike b9so bilamu be na ,mputu4 ,solo koye6 ,no ,congo native w\ld h be5 guilty ( ! grammatical blund]s p]petrat$ 9 ! s5t5ce z writt5 by ! au?or4 ,i h frequ5tly notic$ t ! less a p]son kn[s ab\t a native language ! m flu5tly & beautifully he w translate x1 z he is b\nd only by ! limitations ( 8 own imag9ation4 ,:5 we _h be5 liv+ at ,monsembe a few mon?s we 7 mu* vex$ & disgu/$ to f9d t ! p _h be5 deceiv+ u consid]ably ov] _! language4 ,"o day1 :ile work+ ) ! m51 ,i he>d a native workman %\t out a reque/ to ano!r native lab\r]4 ,f ! nature ( ! "w be+ done ,i c\ld easily guess :at ! phrase really meant2 b ! word+ ( ! s5t5ce 0 entirely diff]5t f t :i* !y _h giv5 u to express ! same idea4 ,go+ into ! h\se1 ,i br\ght out my notebook & said3 8,j n[ y call$ out s & s10 repeat+ ! %ort s5t5ce t 0 /ill fre% 9 my memory4 8,h[ is x we h ano!r set ( words 9 our book80 ,a broad smile gradually spread ov] ! native's face z he repli$3 8,:ite man1 :5 y came fir/ to live among/ u we c\ld n und]/& ! purpose ( y\r com+4 ,we br\ght y rubb] & ivory2 b y said1 #8,we d n trade 9 su* ?+s4' ,we !n br\ght y male & female slaves1 & ask$ y to buy !m1 & y repli$1 #8,we d n trade 9 slaves4' ,we !n br\ght y a l>ge j> ( sug>-cane w9e1 b y said t y did n dr9k w9e1 & we answ]$ t we w\ld dr9k x = y1 & ev5 !n y w\ld n buy x4 ,aft] t we came to ! conclusion t !re 0 "s wick$ reason = y\r pres5ce 9 our t[n1 "s bad purpose we c\ld n und]/&1 & we !re=e arrang$ among ourselves n to tea* y our language1 b to tell y z _m words & phrases z we c\ld belong+ to o!r languages40 ,we f\nd !y _h kept _! agreem5t f> too well1 & z a result we discov]$ t a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! words t we c\nt$ z good co9 ( ! realm 7 no?+ b base metal1 & _h to be ?r[n out ( our notebook z utt]ly useless4 ,und\bt$ly our pres5ce 0 a great my/]y to ! natives4 ,!y c\ld easily und]/& ! reasons :y trad]s & ,/ate (fic]s 7 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry2 b :y m5 :o nei!r trad$ nor gov]n$ %\ld live 9 _! mid/ 0 a problem discuss$ repeat$ly ar\nd _! ev5+ fires4 ,!y _h ask$ u m ?an once3 8,7 y bad m5 9 y\r c\ntry t y _h to leave x to come & live "h 9 ?is l&80 ,or3 8,is !re no food 9 y\r c\ntry t y come "h & buy only f[ls & vegetables ( u80 ,f[ls 7 pl5tiful & v *eap1 co/+ u (t5 less ?an twop5ce ea*1 & z x 0 ! only fre% meat we c\ld procure regul>ly1 sc>cely a day pass$ )\t our hav+ a f[l = d9n]1 h5ce ! po9t & purpose ( _! "q4 ,^! inquiries we answ]$ z fully z we c\ld2 b1 not)/&+ our replies1 we rema9$ a puzzle to our neighb\rs & ! subjects ( _m a long & heat$ talk4 ,"o day "s ( ! head-m5 came to u1 & aft] solemnly tak+ _! seats on ! /ools _! wives _h br\ght = ! purpose1 !y said3 8,:ite m51 we h come to talk a palav] ) y40 ,our m9ds quickly ran ov] our actions dur+ ! la/ few days1 = we wond]$ :at (f5ce we _h committ$ to cause su* a visit f s _m s]i\s-look+ head-m54 ,we c\ld n recall any action or any words t 7 likely to h giv5 umbrage to ! natives1 s we wait$ to he> f _! lips ( "s brea* ( etiquette ( :i*1 all unkn[+ly1 we _h be5 guilty4 ,old ,mata ,bombo1 a tall1 /raight man ( ov] sixty ye>s1 0 spokesman = ! deputation4 8,we h notic$10 he said1 8t y h no wives1 & we ?9k x w\ld be well = y two :ite m5 to m>ry two ( our wom52 & we h br\ght "s f :i* y c make y\r selection40 ,& z he f9i%$ speak+ he po9t$ to a r[ ( giggl+ girls & wom51 :o :ile he 0 talk+ _h l9$ up a few y>ds away4 ,z s]i\sly z we c\ld1 we express$ our ?anks = _! conc]n on our behalf1 & also = _! g5]osity 9 giv+ u su* a f9e array f :i* to *oose our wives2 b cont9u+1 ,i said3 8,i h a wife 9 ,mputu 7:ite man's c\ntry72 & my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,/apleton1 has a lady !re wait+ to become 8 wife z soon z he returns home4 ,we _c !re=e accept y\r (f]40 8,t is no difficulty10 !y all answ]$ 9 *orus4 8,y c m>ry two ( ^! n[1 & :5 y\r :ite wives come y c s5d ^! back to _! families1 & !re w be no palav]40 ,we1 h[ev]1 p]si/$ 9 decl9+ ) ?anks1 & at la/ x dawn$ ^u !m t we 7 q s]i\s 9 our refusal4 ,! head-m5 w5t (f 9 a huff1 z !y expect$ to make "s pr(it out ( ! alliance2 & ! wom5 mov$ away *agr9$ t _! *>ms _h _h s little effect on u1 &1 possibly1 !y 7 also vex$ by ! k t !y w\ld be1 = _m a day to come1 ! butts ( mu* ridicule & *aff f ! o!r wom5 ( ! t[n & di/rict4 ,d\btless ?is incid5t add$ mu* to ! problem conc]n+ u t 0 ex]cis+ ! native m9d4 ,"h are two /rong1 heal?y :ite m51 ri* l o!r :ite m5 7! poore/ :ite man is a millionaire 9 ! eyes ( ! natives71 build+ h\ses 9 our t[n1 work+ h>d f sunrise to sunset1 refus+ our ivory1 & rubb]1 our slaves1 our wom51 & our dr9k4 ,:at are !y8 ,!y say !y h 8come to tell u ab\t ,god40 ,b w\ld :ite m5 leave home1 wives1 family1 & "w 9 ! sun z !y d j to tell u ab\t ,god8 ,!y say !y h 8come to help u1 to tea* u _m ?+s & to d u good02 & !y (f] u m$ic9e :5 we are sick4 ,h[ c !y help u8 ,:at c !y tea* u8 ,h[ w !y d u good8 ,& z = _! m$ic9e1 :o w\ld be fooli% en\gh to dr9k x8 ,x might bewit* u4 ,su* 7 ! que/ions surg+ ?r\gh _! m9ds 7z we le>n$ lat]72 & !re 0 no "o suffici5tly 9 _! confid5ce to help to ! prop] solution ( ?is difficult conundrum4 ,is x any wond] t !y came to ! conclusion t we 7 bad m5 liv+ 9 _! di/rict = "s ult]ior motive2 & ! be/ way to treat u 0 to hum\r u 9 build+1 keep _! eyes al]t to ?w>t any wick$ designs1 avoid tea*+ u _! language1 :i* we seem$ p>ticul>ly eag] to le>n1 & 9 ! meantime make z mu* money out ( u z !y c\ld1 ei!r by fair or di%one/ means1 x did n matt] :i*8 ,_m ( ^! ?\ghts we surmis$ f _! actions1 b _! :ole c\rse ( reason+ we did n fully le>n until v _m mon?s _h pass$ away1 9 fact1 n until we _h ga9$ _! entire confid5ce4 ,9 ! meantime we tri$1 9 our poor way1 to live ! life ( our ,ma/]1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 among our b>b>\s neighb\rs1 & _! suspicions ab\t u gradually melt$ away4 ,!y w\ld come & *at freely ) u1 & by & by x 0 no uncommon ?+ to h ?ree or f\r lads sitt+ ) u tea*+ u _! language & help+ u to a "r und]/&+ ( ! rules t gov]n x2 & m5 pass+ by w\ld /op1 &1 li/5+ to ! lads = a "t1 aid 9 elucidat+ "s knotty po9t4 ,pati5ce1 love1 & /raight deal+ won _! confid5ce1 _! dis9t]e/$ assi/ance1 & at la/ _! love4 ,ev5tually1 by ! help ( ! p--old & "y1 = all became int]e/$ 9 ! "w--we 7 able to collect close ^u sev5 ?\s& root words :i*1 ) _! d]ivatives1 give u a vocabul>y ( ne>ly =ty ?\s& words4 ,^! d]ivatives are produc$ by v regul> rules1 :i* :5 once und]/ood1 ! le>n] possesses ! key to a l>ge treasury ( words1 e4g43 ,v]b4 ,tula4 ,to d smi?+4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,motuli4 ,a smi?4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,motuliji4 ,"o :o causes ! smi?+ to be done1 a ma/]4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,motuleliji4 ,"o :o causes smi?+ to be done = ano!r1 a =eman4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,ntula4 ,! smi?+ peculi> to "o smi?1 z di/9ct f t ( ano!r smi?--8 mode ( smi?+4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,lituli4 ,! k9d ( smi?+ ne$$ by "o article z di/9ct f t requir$ by ano!r4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,botula4 ,skill or ability 9 smi?+4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,etuli4 ,! article work$ ^u4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,etulela4 ,habit ( smi?+4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,etuleli4 ,in/rum5t ) :i* to d smi?+4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,motula4 ,a smi?+1 e4g4 ,atuli motula1 lit]ally1 he smi?s a smi?+1 i4e4 he works at smi?+4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,litulele4 ,a place = smi?+ a work%op1 smi?y4 ,d]4 ,n\n4 ,motuleli4 ,"o :o does smi?+ = ano!r1 an employee at smi?+4 ,ano!r set ( d]ivatives is made f ! rev]sive =m ( ! ^w1 z kanga to tie1 mokangi a ti]1 kangola to untie1 mokangoli an unti]2 & ?is rev]sive =m c give u d]ivatives built on its idea1 z f kangolela to untie = ano!r1 comes mokangoleli "o :o unties = ano!r2 & f ! causative kangolija to cause to untie1 comes mokangoliji "o :o causes to untie2 &1 aga91 f ! causative ( its prepositional =m kangolelija to cause to untie some?+ = someone1 comes mokangoleliji "o :o causes a p]son to untie some?+ = or on behalf ( ano!r4 ,"o c\ld m5tion ! /ative & ! passive =ms ( ! v]b ) _! respective prepositional & causative suffixes1 ea* supply+ _! own s]ies ( d]ivatives2 b ,i fe> ! read] w\ld we>y ( !m1 & ! /ud5t ( ,african languages has n[ at 8 disposal _m gramm>s ( ,bantu tongues t w fully satisfy 8 love = comp>ative language /udy4 ,my only desire 9 ^! few p>agraphs is to %[ t ! natives ( ! ,congo d n talk a gibb]i% l a lot ( monkeys1 b h at _! disposal a magnific5t language t excites ! admiration ( e /ud5t4 ,& x w be se5 t su* complex languages are n to be ma/]$ 9 a few weeks or mon?s by any globe-trott] :o has a fancy = ,african travel1 = !y dem& "t & con/ant /udy to appreciate _! f9esse1 & special l+ui/ic ability to ma/] _! details & accurately def9e ! words collect$1 & ! v>i\s d]ivatives discov]$4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t = e v]b all ! v>i\s d]ivatives c be f\nd1 z = obvi\s reasons "s d]ivatives are n requir$ f "s v]bs1 & o!r d]ivatives are n requir$ f o!r v]bs1 e4g4 ! rev]sive v]b tulola to undo smi?+1 c be built on tula to d smi?+2 b z su* an idea z to undo smi?+ is ridicul\s1 h5ce no d]ivatives f\nd$ on ! rev]sive =m tulola are to be met ) 9 ! language4 ,smi?+ c be spoilt1 & = t !y h a ^w1 b :5 once a knife is =g$ x _c be un=g$1 i4e4 x _c be return$ to iron ore l a knot t c be unti$ & ! /r+ resume its orig9al =m4 ,nei!r d ! natives add to e v]b all ! prefixes & suffixes t c grammatically be affix$ to !m4 ,x is v app>5t t "s v]bs are complicat$ ) causative1 prepositional1 t5se1 & o!r =ms1 & x is necess>y to "k = :at ! polysyllabic ^w /&s z a phrase1 z !re is no "t to dissect x :ile a spee* is 9 progress4 ,?is is :at ,i ?9k ! native does4 ,he has no words = ! p>ts ( spee* z we h 9 gramm>1 he does n "k t bakamokangelela ntaba nx+a is made up ( ! nom9ative pronom9al prefix ba !y1 ! pres5t t5se progressive ka +1 ! objective pronom9al prefix mo him1 ! v]b kanga tie1 ! two prepositional suffixes ela =1 & ela ) 7! 8a0 elides be=e 8e071 & two objective n\ns ntaba goat1 & nx+a /r+2 b he kn[s t bakamokangelela ntaba nx+a means 8!y are ty+ ! goat = him ) /r+40 ,& if y1 z a :ite man1 :ile speak+ & translat+1 try to make new polysyllabic words by a new comb9ation ( prefixes & suffixes1 !n y confuse y\r he>]s 7or read]s7 to su* an ext5t t !y d n readily foll[ y4 ,y w h to educate !m to a prop] und]/&+ ( y\r new phrases1 z ,engli% folk _h to le>n ,c>lyle's picture-phrases a g5]ation ago be=e !y c\ld appreciate _! =ce & beauty4 ,x seems t 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! v>i\s dialects h become m or less /]eotyp$ 9 ! use ( c]ta9 v]bal suffixes1 & if a speak] n[ creates new comb9ations ! he>]s d n at once foll[ him2 or x may be t at "s p]iod 9 ! pa/ :5 a dialect 0 9 ! mak+ ! m9ds ( ! p 7 v active1 & ! comb9ations !y =m$ are fix$ & rememb]$1 & no new ones are be+ made1 z ! m9ds ( ! pres5t g5]ation are less gymna/ic2 or1 aga91 x may be t a man ) "s pret5sions to intellectual p[] creat$ new comb9ations ( v]bal suffixes1 & impress$ !m on 8 g5]ation1 & ?us sup]s$$ o!r ^w-phrases z ,*auc]'s ,engli% has be5 succe$$ by a lat] =m1 & t by a /ill lat]1 & ! =ms ( spee* us$ by 8 *>act]s h giv5 place to lat] =ms t w\ld h be5 sc>cely und]/ood 9 8 day4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! ,bantu languages !re are su* possibilities ( inf9ite comb9ations t z ! natives are n[ be+ educat$ x is impossible to =etell :at subtleties ( ?\ght !y w be able to express accurately ) s pla/ic & beautiful a language4 ,! ,boloki dialect1 l all ! ,bantu languages1 is allit]ative 9 con/ruction1 i4e4 ! prefix ( ! nom9ative ( ! s5t5ce becomes ! prefix ( all ! words dep5d5t on x1 e4g43 matoko mana mabale man5e mamansombela we malaba1 7lit]ally7 spoons ^? two l>ge 7:i* me_/b\ght =7 y !y are lo/ ^? two l>ge spoons :i* y b\ght = me1 !y are lo/4 ,! plural prefix ma ( ! fir/ ^w :i* is ! nom9ative is prefix$ to all ! o!r words because !y are dep5d5t on x4 ,if x _h be5 9 ! s+ul> x w\ld h be5 litoko lina1 etc4 ,?is allit]ative concord1 z x is call$1 is v helpful to cle>ness ( mean+4 ,9 ! ,boloki language !re are eight classes ( allit]ative concord1#g i4e4 all ! n\ns 9 ! language belong to "o or o!r ( ^! eight classes1 & directly ! class ( a n\n is decid$ its pronom9al prefixes1 its possessive & demon/rative pron\ns1 etc41 are at once kn[n also by ! fix$ rules ( usage1 or1 z we %\ld say1 by ! gramm> ( ! language1 & its plural =m is also easily asc]ta9able4 ,footnote #g3 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo !re are fifte5 classes4 ,class #a4 ,motu p]son4 ,batu p]sons1 p4 ,class #b4 ,ndaku h\se4 ,m&aku h\ses4 ,class #c4 ,loboko arm4 ,maboko arms4 ,class #d4 ,l9keme ,mankeme gu9ea f[ls4 gu9ea f[l4 ,class #e4 ,bopepe pipe ,mapepe pipe b[ls4 b[l4 ,class #f4 ,lobeki ,mbeki saucepans4 saucepan4 ,class #g4 ,et&a ,bit&a planks4 plank4 ,class #h4 ,munke eggs4 ,m9ke eggs4 ,collective n\n1 nke a lot ( eggs1 & ?is makes its plural 9 manke lots1 z manke mabale two lots ( eggs1 z a n\n ( ,class #b4 ,x took u a consid]able "t to "w out ?is classification1 z x meant ! collect+ ( a v l>ge numb] ( words & ! writ+ d[n ( _! s+ul> & plural =ms4 ,x 0 easy en\gh to see t all n\ns beg9n+ ) 8e0 made _! plurals by turn+ ! 8e0 into 8bi02 b x 0 n s easy to decide ab\t ! 8lo10 = we f\nd t "s plurals 7 made by *ang+ ! 8lo0 into 8ma10 & o!rs by turn+ 8lo0 into 8m02 & :5 x is rememb]$ t !re are sixte5 ways ( us+ e adjective1 accord+ z x is s+ul> or plural & belongs to "o or o!r ( ! classes1 x w be recogniz$ by ! read] t an ,african language is some?+ to /udy & n despise z be+ 8only a nigg]'s language40 ,( c\rse1 x is easy to pick up a few words & phrases = ord9>y daily use :i*1 :5 ek$ out ) ge/ures1 w c>ry ! travell] a long way if he has a factotum quick at sign & ?\ght-read+2 b = express+ ! f9] %ades ( mean+1 & also = receiv+ ! same1 an intimate k ( ! language is necess>y4 ,i h he>d m ?an "o :ite man blame ! mission>y = 8mak+ a gramm> = ! nigg]02 :]eas ! mission>y has simply f\nd out ! rules by :i* ! 8nigg]s0 talk1 & writt5 !m d[n 9 su* grammatical t]ms t o!rs might und]/& !m4 ,i h ins]t$ a %ort note on ! v]b#h 9 ! ,app5dix1 & also a note on ! ,boloki me?od ( c\nt+4#i ,b be=e clos+ ?is *apt] ,i wi% to write a few l9es on ! figurative mode ( speak+ :i* is peculi> to all ,bantu languages1 & by no means conf9$ to ! ,boloki p4 ,! phrases 9 italics are lit]al translations ( ! native t]ms = express+ _! emotions1 etc4 ,footnote #h3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #b1 p4 #ccf4 ,footnote #i3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #c1 p4 #cci4 ,:5 a native is worri$ 8 he>t is let d[n1 & %\ld he h a *oice ( two equally pleasant ?+s 8 he>t is pull$ 9 opposite directions2 b :5 ! he>t has recov]$ its normal condition aft] "s viol5t outbreak x is said to be /opp$1 or aft] "s p]turb+ grief !y say ! he>t is /uck to ! ribs1 z !re are no long] any flutt]+s4 ,a gre$y1 selfi% p]son has a he>t ( leaves1 & a p]son :o is recklessly indiff]5t to all ! consequ5ces ( 8 action has lo/ 8 he>t1 & "o :o is ly+ & trea*]\s 9 8 ways has a he>t t has brok5 loose1 ov] :i* ! own] has no prop] control4 ,%\ld y be k9d en\gh to com=t a p]son 9 a great sorr[1 y\r action w be describ$ z /ick+ ! he>t to ! ribs1 & ?us keep+ x f mov+ ab\t inside2 or if y h soo!d a p]son 9 di/ress y are reg>d$ z hav+ pu%$ 8 he>t d[n into its place4 ,:5 a p]son is irresolute 9 m9d1 & undecid$ z to ! be/ c\rse to pursue1 he describes 8 /ate by say+1 8,my he>t is roll+ f side to side10 & ! ^w us$ describes a canoe rock+ 9 a /orm4 ,! moon1 z its light beg9s to appe> above ! horizon1 is said to be kick+ out ) its legs1 & :5 x %[s itself above ! sky-l9e x is !n un/uck f ! e>?4 ,sunset is call$ ei!r ! sun has become black1 or ! sun has ent]$1 or :5 ! f[ls g to roo/2 & ! ,pleiades are spok5 ( z a cr[d ( "y wom52 & ! bright /> ,v5us z x draws ne> ! moon is nam$ ! wife ( ! moon4 ,:5 y desire to w>n a p]son y tell him to ?r[ 8 eyes ab\t1 & a p]son :o fr[ns is said to tie 8 eyebr[s4 ,a conceit$ p]son :o wants ! :ole pa? to himself is scornfully ask$1 8,did y plant ! e>?80 7i4e4 ,did y create ! _w871 z ?\gh x 7 a pumpk9 ov] :i* he _h sole rights ( own]%ip4 ,a lad :o gives an imp]t95t answ] is describ$ z hav+ a %>p m\?1 :ile "o :o is n good at rep>tee is look$ ^u z hav+ no m\? at all4 ,a p]son :o frequ5tly rev]ts to ! cause ( a qu>rel1 or a woman :o is con/antly nagg+1 has a ^w appli$ to h] :i* means ! bubbl+ up ( boil+ wat]2 & "o :o does n contribute 8 %>e to ! g5]al talk ar\nd ! ev5+ fire is lik5$ to ! useless fibr\s core ( a cassava root1 only fit to be ?r[n away2 :ile a p]son :o answ]s a "q n address$ to him is pick+ up some?+ be=e x is lo/4 ,! native ^w = an umbrella means a l>ge bat4 ,:5 ! eyes are dimm$ f any cause !y are said to be cov]$ ) cobwebs2 & a man suff]+ f hung] says1 8,my wai/ is /uck to my back02 i4e4 ,i am s empty ( food t !re is no?+ to keep ! front ( ! /oma* f /ick+ to ! backbone4 ,a fooli%1 cr$ul\s p]son is lik5$ to a squirrel con/antly nodd+ its head 9 ass5t to ev]y?+ t is said4 ,to become consci\s ( someone beh9d look+ at y is express$ 9 ! phrase3 to feel ! back heavy4 ,! ,congo cr[ has a broad :ite b& r\nd its neck1 & :5 ! riv] is d>k ) ! reflection ( ! fr[n+ /orm-cl\ds above1 & ! w9d is bl[+ up-riv]1 cov]+ ! wat] ) :ite-cre/$ waves1 su* waves are call$ by ! natives a flock ( cr[s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,e>ly ,,days ,,at ,,monsembe ,build+ our h\se--,arm$ natives--,_! ruse to discov] our /r5g?--,! reason ( _! pr(f]$ help--,a tribal w>--,cannibal fea/--,taunt u ) be+ c[>ds & wom5--,we def5d "s visitors--,blood-bro!rhood--,inquisitive ,congo boys--,m$ic9e & 8books0--,m5tal p[]s ( ,congo lads--,native view ( wom54 ,we 7 ab\t a =tnight erect+ ! framework ( our h\se & f9i%+ ! walls2 & !n x took u ov] two mon?s to collect & dry local mat]ials = ! ro(2 b 9 ! meantime we made doors & w9d[s1 & cut a l>ge numb] ( n9e-in* blocks = pav+ ! floor4 ,i ?\ght t ^! blocks w\ld raise u above ! damp e>?1 & w\ld also help to keep away "s ( ! insect & reptile pe/s t invade a h\se built on ! gr\nd4 ,we did n squ>e ! blocks1 b simply laid !m ev5ly b$d$ 9 puddl$ clay2 & ) "s native mats spread ov] !m !y =m$ a fairly com=table floor4 ,! blocks la/$ = m ?an ?ree ye>s1 by :i* "t !y began to rot at ! bottom & s9k2 b !y s]v$ _! purpose1 & !n became useful z firewood4 ,! h\se t we ran up s quickly 0 #dj feet long by #ah feet wide4 ,?is gave u ea* a b$-sitt+-room #ae feet by #ah feet1 a /ore-room #aj feet by #ab feet1 & a six-foot passage communicat+ betwe5 ! two pr9cipal rooms1 & into ?is passage ! front doors op5$4 ,9 ! front ( ! h\se we built a l>ge op5 por* #ad feet by #ad feet1 :i* s]v$ ! purpose ( d9+1 draw+ & reception-room4 ,?us we _h a l>ge airy h\se1 ra91 w9d1 & sun-tight1 :i* und\bt$ly greatly conduc$ to heal? & com=t dur+ ! build+ ( m p]man5t dwell+s 9 anticipation ( ! com+ ( our wives4 ,at t "t ! natives nev] mov$ _m y>ds f _! h\ses )\t ?ree or f\r spe>s 9 _! h&s1 ugly knives 9 _! %ea?s1 & %ields on _! arms4 ,arm$ 9 ?is mann] !y w\ld frequ5tly congregate on ! bank1 &1 %ad+ _! eyes ) _! h&s1 !y w\ld look e>ne/ly d[n ! riv]2 & !n com+ to u !y w\ld say1 8,:ite m51 ! p 9 ! l[] t[ns are com+ up to fight y2 get out y\r guns ready & we w help y40 ,look+ d[n ! riv] we c\ld see 9 ! di/ance _m canoes d>t+ ab\t1 b z we _h giv5 ! natives ( ^? t[ns no reason = attack+ u1 & z we 7 ! gue/s ( ano!r t[n we knew !y w\ld n assail u )\t collusion ) our neighb\rs2 & z our neighb\rs _h e opportunity ( easily kill+ two un>m$ m5 if !y desir$ s to d )\t call+ 9 outsid]s to %>e ! loot1 we ?\ght t ! />+ d[n-riv]1 _! /atem5ts reg>d+ ! evil designs ( ! l[] t[ns1 & _! (f]s ( help 7 simply attempts to fleece u ( b>t] goods 9 paym5t = _! pr(f]$ aid2 s we us$ to get out our b9ocul>s1 look d[n-riv]1 & mak+ "s laugh+ rem>k1 g on ) our "w4 ,?is laught] & brave %[ 7 m (t5 =c$ ?an n1 = we 7 at times puzzl$ by ! app>5t e>ne/ness ( our neighb\rs1 & _! repeat$ assurances t !y w\ld help u if we w\ld only br+ out our guns & prop]ly prep>e to support !m :5 ! attack 0 made4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we _h only "o gun betwe5 u1 & t 0 9 pieces at ! bottom ( "o ( my trunks4 ,we _h no c>tridges1 & al?\gh we _h c>tridge cases1 %ots1 balls1 caps1 & outfit = mak+ c>tridges1 yet we _h n a gra9 ( gunp[d]2 b all ?is we kept to ourselves & refus$ to make prep>ations until we 7 c]ta9 ! enemy really int5d$ to attack u4 ,x 0 n until "s ye>s lat] t ,i he>d ! reason = ^! frequ5t demon/rations on our bea*2 !re 0 a l>ge p>ty1 compos$ ( ! pr9cipal head-m5 9 ! t[n1 :o want$ to kill & rob u ( our goods1 b !y 7 n sure ( our res\rces4 8,:at h !y 9 ^? cases & trunks8 ,are !y full ( guns & c>tridges80 ,^! 7 ! que/ions discuss$ ar\nd _! fires1 h5ce !y hit on ! ruse ( pret5d+ ! o!r t[ns 7 com+ to fight u t we might make a %[ ( su* weapons ( def5ce z 7 9 our possession4 ,!y 7 nonpluss$ by our app>5t indiff]5ce & calmness1 & 7 z mu* puzzl$ by our quiet attitude z we 7 by _! w>like demon/rations4 ,aft] _! unsuccessful attempts to make u exhibit our =ce1 o!r que/ions 7 agitat$3 8,:y are ! :ite m5 s calm & quiet8 ,h !y "s wond]ful magic or p[]ful #8m$ic9e' t w kill u all directly we beg9 to fight !m8 ,:at h !y beh9d !m t !y are n afraid :5 we tell !m ! p are com+ to attack !m8 ,h !y little guns 7revolv]s7 conceal$ ab\t _! clo!s80 ,d\btless our v calmness n only my/ifi$ !m1 b sav$ u f an attack t w\ld h be5 disa/r\s to u1 & w\ld h fru/rat$ our plans on behalf ( ! p4 ,"s n9e ye>s be=e our arrival at ,monsembe ,i _h be5 told by an old ,g]man mission>y ) :om ,i 0 travell+1 t a display ( =ce (t5 incit$ ! natives to try issues ) ! soj\rn] 9 _! mid/2 & :ile ! above incid5t is a confirmation ( ! s\ndness ( 8 advice1 we h a bett] example ( x 9 ,dr4 ,liv+/one1 :o travell$ among ! wilde/ tribes & won _! confid5ce & fri5d%ip because he mov$ freely among/ !m un>m$1 & unaccompani$ by any exhibition ( physical =ce4 ,"o ev5+ 9 ,novemb] 7#ahij71 soon aft] we ent]$ our new h\se1 ! :ole t[n 0 ?r[n into a /ate ( confusion by ! report t "s ( ! up-riv] t[ns 7 com+ to attack ,monsembe on ! morr[4 ,wom5 hurri$ by ) _! *ildr51 _! f[ls1 & _! mo/ treasur$ belong+s1 &1 putt+ !m 9 canoes1 !y paddl$ away 9 ! d>kness to hide !m & !mselves on ! num]\s isl&s opposite & bel[ ,monsembe2 m5 ga!r$ _! spe>s1 knives1 & %ields1 & /ood 9 gr\ps ne> ! v>i\s roads t connect$ _! t[n ) ! upp] t[ns2 ! bigg] lads %>p5$ /icks & h>d5$ ! po9ts 9 ! fire s z to emb>rass & annoy ! enemy ) !m ev5 if !y c\ld n kill2 & all ?r\gh ! long night !y s\nd$ drums & gongs n only to keep up _! own spirits1 b to w>n ! foe t !y 7 on ! al]t4 ,z ! sun next morn+ began to creep above ! ea/]n l9e ( trees t b\nd$ our horizon !re 0 great activity 9 ! t[n4 ,m5 ran by ) _! faces daub$ ) a ?ick coat+ ( oil & soot1 or pa9t$ ) r$1 blue or :ite /reaks1 _! heads adorn$ ) fea!r caps1 & _! wai/s b\nd tightly ) closely wov5 cotton belts2 o!rs _h cuirasses ( hippopotamus hide protect+ _! backs1 & all 7 9 a greatly excit$ /ate1 wav+ _! spe>s1 %ields1 & knives1 & boa/+ ( :at !y w\ld d to ! enemy4 ,! wom5 :o _h no *ildr51 & consequ5tly _h n left ! t[n1 ga!r$ ne> our mission h\se1 feel+ p]haps m secure !re ?an any:]e else4 ,soon we he>d ! %\ts ( ! combatants1 & ! occasional bang ( a gun 7!re 7 only ?ree or f\r fl9t-locks 9 ! :ole t[n72 & 9 came a man ) a deep spe> w\nd4 ,he gave an acc\nt ( ! battle1 & ! wom5 scream$ 9 ang]1 or %\t$ 9 d]ision z 8 n>rative ei!r told ( a fri5d w\nd$ or an enemy kill$4 ,we dress$ 8 w\nd1 & 8 wives l$ him away4 ,= ne>ly two h\rs we 7 busy dress+ w\nds to a *orus ( scream+ & %\t+ wom52 & !n we he>d t ! attack]s _h giv5 way1 & 7 9 full retreat4 ,by ?is "t ! natives ( ! l[] t[ns _h arriv$ to support _! neighb\rs1 & !y too jo9$ 9 ! pursuit ( ! beat5 foes1 :om !y foll[$ to _! t[ns1 :]e ! fight 0 r5ew$ until ! ,monsembe p took possession ( !m4 ,= a "t ! only s\nds he>d 9 ! t[n 7 ! l[ wails ( ! wom5 m\rn+ = ! sla91 or weep+ ov] ^? :o 7 badly w\nd$2 & ! songs & %\ts ( ! wom5 ^: husb&s & relatives _h escap$ dea? & w\nds4 ,be=e sunset ! victori\s p>ty return$ ) _! loot ( goods & prison]s4 ,goats1 %eep1 & f[ls 7 l$ or c>ri$ by our h\se2 m5 lad5 ) bun*es ( planta9s & bananas1 or c>ry+ heavy baskets ( peanuts1 cassava1 & native bread2 o!rs 7 weight$ d[n ) fi%-nets1 animal nets1 doors1 paddles1 saucepans1 & j>s2 = any?+ t w\ld fet* a few brass rods 0 /ol5 & =m$ a "p ( ! procession ( miscellane\s oddm5ts t /ream$ by our h\se4 ,aft] raid+ ! enemies' t[ns !y set fire to ! h\ses1 & "s told u ) glee ( old & sick folk :o _h hidd5 !mselves 9 ! d>k corn]s ( _! huts :o 7 burnt to dea?1 pref]r+1 app>5tly1 ! t5d] m]cies ( ! fire to ! cruel dea? t await$ !m if !y fell into ! savage h&s ( _! f]oci\s victors4 ,:ile we 7 sitt+ at our tea ! la/ p>ty ( return+ w>riors fil$ pa/ our h\se1 c>ry+ ! limbs ( ^? :o _h be5 sla9 9 ! fight4 ,"s _h human legs ov] _! %\ld]s1 o!rs _h ?read$ arms ?r\gh slits 9 ! /oma*s ( _! dismemb]$ foes1 _h ti$ ! ends ( ! arms toge!r1 ?us =m+ loops1 & ?r\gh ^! gha/ly loops !y _h ?ru/ _! own liv+ arms & 7 c>ry+ !m ?us ) ! gory trunks dangl+ to & fro4 ,! horrible sight 0 too mu* = u1 & ret*+ badly we _h to ab&on our meal1 & x 0 "s days be=e we c\ld aga9 eat ) any reli%4 ,! sight work$ on our n]ves1 & 9 ! night we w\ld />t f our sleep1 hav+ se5 9 our dreams exagg]at$ processions pass+ be=e u burd5$ ) sangu9>y loads ( sla9 & dismemb]$ bodies4 ,t night ,monsembe & ! neighb\r+ t[ns 7 giv5 up to cannibal fea/s1 & ! next morn+ !y br\ght "s ( ! cook$ meat to ! /ation1 & ?9k+ !y 7 do+ u a fav\r1 !y (f]$ to %>e x ) u--! meat look$ l black boil$ pork4 ,we refus$ _! (f]+ ) disgu/1 & told !m :at we ?\ght ( _! horrible cu/om4 ,long be=e we settl$ among/ !m we _h he>d rum\rs ( _! cannibalism1 b we reg>d$ ! tales z m or less my?ical2 we c\ld no long] n[ disbelieve ! /ories we _h he>d4 ,& lat] /ill !re came to our e>s a v circum/antial report t ! folk ( ! l[] "p ( our di/rict 7 procur+ = _! cannibal orgies ! natives ( a tribut>y ( ! ,congo4 ,!y gave ivory & receiv$ human be+s 9 ex*ange1 :o quickly f\nd _! way to ! saucepan2 & a :ite trad] 0 ! int]m$i>y4 ,h[ev]1 z soon z ! :ite folk ( ! di/rict _h ga!r$ su* evid5ce z 0 irrefutable !y br\ght su* pressure to be> on t :ite trad] & 8 company 7! company 0 n implicat$7 t ! horrible traffic 0 /opp$4 ,t an educat$ :ite man c\ld s9k s l[ z to become a :olesale deal] 9 human fle% to a tribe ( ,african savages is a psy*ological my/]y t ,i mu/ leave o!rs to solve4 ,aft] ! fight+ & fea/+ 7 ov] ! ,monsembe folk liv$ 9 con/ant fe> ( reprisals4 ,night aft] night gr\ps ( m5 7 po/$ ne> ! roads lead+ f ! enemies' t[ns1 & frequ5tly ! gongs & drums broke on ! night's sil5ce ) _! rapid beats1 awak5+ ! sleep]s :o1 ha/ily pick+ up _! spe>s1 knives1 & %ields1 hurri$ by to ! sc5e ( ! al>m only to f9d t ! s5tries 8?\ght !y saw or he>d some?+0 9 ! adjac5t bu%4 ,! wom5 sometimes came scream+ 9 f ! f>ms av[+ !y _h be5 *as$ by ! enemy4 ,e ru/le ( ! grass1 leaves1 or bu% 0 int]pret$ into a lurk+ foe2 & ! n]ves ( ! victors became s jumpy t a voice rais$ 9 angry conv]sation w\ld set ! :ole t[n agog ) expectation t ! enemy _h come seek+ rev5ge4 ,:5 ^! al>ms took place dur+ ! day1 ! fight]s w\ld demon/rate be=e our h\se1 & ask u to br+ out our guns & help !m to keep (f ! foe4 8,y are liv+ 9 our t[n1 & y are our :ite m54 ,we (f]$ to help y aga9/ ! l[] t[ns if !y came to attack y1 & n[ get out y\r guns & aid u4 ,:y1 if y 7 only to %[ y\rselves ! p ( ! upp] t[ns w\ld run away4 ,come on1 our :ite m51 & help u60 ,we po9t$ out to !m t all ! p ( ! di/rict 7 our fri5ds1 & consequ5tly we c\ld n assi/ "o t[n to fight aga9/ ano!r4 ,!n1 f9d+ t argum5ts & p]suasion fail$ to move u1 !y took to taunt+ u4 8,y are n :ite m510 !y %\t$1 8y are wom56 ,y are c[>ds60 ,& ) curl$ lips & ge/ures ( scorn !y po9t$ _! spe>s & knives at u4 ,_! taunts & ge/ures ( contempt /ung u1 mak+ ! blood surge ?r\gh our ve9s & caus+ u to g hot & cold by turns4 ,) pale faces1 compress$ lips1 & h&s gripp+ tightly :atev] came )9 our grasp1 we li/5$ pati5tly to _! sne]s4 ,h[ easy x w\ld h be5 to h tak5 our gun & made "s display ( help+ !m6 ,to h walk$ among !m1 & to h fir$ a %ot into ! bu% w\ld probably h satisfi$ !m & w\ld h /opp$ _! sne]s2 b we 7 !re on behalf ( ! 8,pr9ce ( ,peace40 ,h[ c\ld we1 !n1 consi/5tly help !m 9 _! fights8 ,we 7 !re pr(ess+ t all ! peoples ( ! neighb\r+ t[ns & surr\nd+ di/ricts 7 our fri5ds2 h[ c\ld we !n take up arms aga9/ any ( !m & expect !m to believe our pr(essions ( good-w or tru/ aga9 9 our ^w8 ,we 7 hop+ to make our /ation a c5tre ( peace1 ! meet+-place = all factions2 h[ c\ld we1 !n1 ) our hopes & pray]s1 embroil ourselves 9 _! hatr$s & w>s1 or jo9 sides ) !m ev5 9 pret5d+ to %oot d[n our o!r p>i%ion]s8 ,x 0 v difficult1 b /r5g? 0 giv5 to meet ! em]g5cy1 to be> calmly ! taunts1 ! sne]s1 & ! contempt2 & f t "t we 7 reg>d$ by all ! t[ns ( ! di/rict z belong+ to no "o place1 b to all ( !m1 z imp>tial 9 our judgm5ts1 & j 9 our deal+s ) all alike4 ,ab\t ?ree weeks aft] ! fir/ outbreak ( w> ! natives ( ! upp] t[ns came to talk ov] ! t]ms ( peace4 ,!y l&$ at our bea* z ! only neutral spot1 & ti$ _! canoes to our po/s4 ,! delib]ations 7 long1 boi/]\s1 & f ! noise t came to our e>s we ?\ght two or ?ree times t !y 7 on ! po9t ( />t+ fre% ho/ilities4 ,at la/ ! palav]+ 0 ov] & ! visitors return$ to our /ation1 & bidd+ u good-bye1 !y ent]$ _! canoes2 b j z !y 7 pu%+ (f ! ,monsembe p became excit$ & ?reat5+ 9 _! attitude1 & see+ t a fight on our bea* 0 imm95t1 my colleague & ,i pick$ up /icks & drove ! ,monsembe p back f ! riv] front4 ,we insi/$ on ! neutrality ( our /ation2 we _h b\ght & paid = ! l&1 consequ5tly x 0 ours1 & we w\ld h no fight+ on x2 if !y want$ to fight !y mu/ g to ano!r "p ( ! bea*4 ,?is attitude ( ours 0 a revelation to our ,monsembe neighb\rs4 ,"h 7 two :ite m5 :om !y _h taunt$ ) be+ c[>ds1 wom51 etc41 /&+ ) simply /icks 9 _! h&s to oppose a cr[d arm$ ) spe>s & knives4 ,two :ite m5 ) /icks only ?r[+ !mselves betwe5 !m & _! enemies1 & dem&+ t no blood %\ld be %$ on _! l&4 ,:at p[] _h ^! :ite m5 beh9d !m8 ,s a/oni%$ 7 !y t !y halt$ 9 _! trea*]\s attack on _! visitors1 :o1 tak+ advantage ( ! lull1 paddl$ beyond rea* ( ! uplift$ spe>s1 & arriv$ safely home4 ,aft] ?is failure to settle ! t]ms ( peace1 a g-betwe5 7molekaleku7 0 appo9t$ & approv$ by bo? p>ties4 ,he 0 an outsid] ( importance & _h ! confid5ce ( ! clans conc]n$4 ,he arrang$ ! t]ms ( peace3 all loot & slaves %\ld be reta9$ by ! conqu]ors2 b all ! free folk captur$ %\ld be set at lib]ty4 ,?is g-betwe5 select$ a neutral place = ! c]emony ( blood-bro!rhood1 & 0 pl$g$ t ! meet+ %\ld take place )\t a r5ewal ( ho/ilities by ei!r p>ty4 ,all ! prelim9>ies hav+ be5 settl$ ! p>ties met at ! place & "t appo9t$2 & !n a /ick call$ ndeko 0 procur$ & c>efully scrap$1 & ^! scrap+s 7 mix$ ) salt4 ,! contract+ p>ties--! head-man ( ea* side--clasp$ ea* o!r's "r h& ) ! ndeko betwe5 ! palms2 "s incisions 7 !n made on ! arms & ! mixture ( ndeko scrap+s & salt 0 rubb$ on ! cuts2 ea* !n put 8 m\? to ! incisions on ! o!r's arm & suck$ = a few mom5ts1 aft] :i* "o ( ! contract+ p>ties took ! ndeko /ick & /ruck ! wri/s & knees ( ! o!r1 say+3 8,if ev] ,i break ?is cov5ant may ,i be curs$ by hav+ my nose rot (f40#aj ,!n ! o!r took ! ndeko /ick1 &1 p]=m+ ! same c]emony1 he call$ d[n ! same curse on himself %\ld he ev] break ! contract4 ,^! rites 7 accompani$ by ! dr9k+ ( mu* sug>-cane w9e1 & ! :ole c]emony 0 call$ t5a ndeko to cut ! ndeko /ick4 ,footnote #aj3 ,probably lupus4 ,!re 7 a few cases ( ?is disease1 & x 0 reg>d$ z a puni%m5t = fai?lessness 9 obs]v+ ! oa? ( blood-bro!rhood4 ,aft] mak+ blood-bro!rhood betwe5 ! head-m51 !re 0 enact$ ano!r p]=mance call$ bakia lolelembe3 a m$ic9e man took a palm frond1 split x & put "o half ( ! frond across ! pa? lead+ f ,monsembe to ! upp] t[ns--! t[ns ( ! contract+ p>ties4 ,?is 0 n only a sign t all t palav] 0 f9i%$1 b x 0 a feti% hav+ p[]1 x 0 suppos$1 to puni% anyone :o broke ! treaty4 ,x 0 firmly believ$ t ! side t r5ew$ t qu>rel w\ld get ! wor/ ( x by w\nds & dea?4 ,p]haps ?is is ! hi/ory ( _m a tribal fight 9 ,africa--al>m1 attack1 defeat1 pursuit1 cannibal fea/s1 & ! mak+ ( peace by blood-bro!rhood4 ,congo boys are ! mo/ inquisitive animals t ,i h yet met 9 ,africa4 ,crocodiles1 :5 boats 7 new to ! ,congo1 w\ld foll[ !m = h\rs 9 _! attempts to inve/igate ! /range object2 goats & %eep 7 always ready to poke _! noses at new ?+s t came )9 _! purview1 b _! curiosity 0 quickly satisfi$4 ,congo boys 7& 9 a m9or degree ! girls also7 7 nev] we>i$ ( wat*+ u at "w1 foll[+ u ab\t to see :at we w\ld d next1 & ask+ ab\t our tools1 etc41 & :y we did ?is or t 9 su* a way1 & did n accompli% ! same result by "s o!r mode ( proc$ure4 ,!y w\ld /& ab\t our table :ile we 7 at meals1 & pass critical rem>ks on our mann] ( eat+1 slyly imitat+ ! action ( our jaws z we ma/icat$ our food1 or mimic our ge/ures z we conv]s$ ) "o ano!r4 ,we seem$ to live1 move1 & pass our exi/5ce 9 ! full gl>e ( public gaze l fi% 9 a glass tank4 ,"o nev]-end+ s\rce ( delight to !m 0 to scan our c\nt5ances z we read4 ,!y notic$ e alt]ation ( facial expression z ! 8books talk$ to u40 ,if we bur/ out laugh+ at "s witticism 9 our read+ !y w\ld laugh he>tily 9 sympa?y ) u1 & w\ld poke "o ano!r1 say+3 8,! book is talk+ "s funny ?+ to !m40 ,:5 _! %yness _h pass$ away !y w\ld ask3 8,:at does ! book say to make y laugh80 ,occasionally ! bit ( wit came )9 ! scope ( _! compreh5sion1 & ( our k ( ! language1 & !y w\ld enjoy x z mu* z we did1 %[+ !y _h a ready wit & enjoy$ a he>ty laugh2 & we felt enc\rag$1 = !re is "s hope = a p t c laugh joy\sly & boi/]\sly4 ,at times !y w\ld creep beh9d u1 & look+ e>ne/ly at ! op5 page1 !y w\ld cock _! e>s to li/5 int5tly = any s\nd1 & see+ no?+ b a blurr$ page1 & he>+ no s\nds1 !y w\ld ins9uat+ly ask3 8,:ite man1 h[ does ! book talk to y8 & c y make x talk to u80 ,we w\ld !n expla9 ! sy/em ( lett]s & syllables1 etc42 b w\ld1 at ! same "t1 express a d\bt z to _! ability to le>n to read4 8,_c y give u "s #8m$ic9e' to make u und]/& ! #8book' talk80 !y w\ld plead+ly ask ( u4 8,no10 we repli$2 8!re is no #8m$ic9e' t c give y su* wisdom4 ,y mu/ le>n lett] by lett]1 & ( c\rse y h no bra9s = su* "w4 ,:at is ! use ( wa/+ "t 9 tea*+ y80 ,if we _h exhibit$ any special eag]ness to tea* !m1 !y w\ld h held back2 b *aff+ !m & pret5d+ t !y _h n en\gh bra9s to le>n _h ! desir$ effect ( putt+ !m on _! mettle1 & !y begg$ u to />t s*ool "r away4 ,we %[$ no hurry to fall 9 ) _! wi%es1 & ?is only piqu$ !m & made !m m desir\s ( hav+ a s*ool4 ,at la/ we acc$$ to _! repeat$ reque/s1 & told !m t on ! day t foll[$ ! next 8re/-day0 7i4e4 on ,monday next71 we w\ld beg9 s*ool & hold x e morn+ = five days a week4 ,! ev5tful morn+ dawn$1 & ) x ab\t tw5ty lads arriv$ to ent] ^u ! my/]ies ( ! :ite man's 8book40 ,at t "t ,i 0 busy build+ a suitable h\se 9 anticipation ( my wife's arrival1 s my colleague1 ,mr4 ,/apleton1 took *>ge ( ! new s*ool4 ,8 room 0 ! s*ool-h\se4 ,we _h writt5 out ! alphabet 9 l>ge lett]s1 & _h prep>$ "s slips f :i* !y might copy4 ,we op5$ a box conta9+ "s slates & p5cils4 ,! s*ool-h\se & app>atus 7 9 keep+ ) ! s*ol>s1 b ! latt] br\ght ) !m a l>ge am\nt ( en?usiasm & det]m9ation1 s :at 0 lack+ 9 s*ool furniture1 & 9 ! attire ( our pupils1 0 made up 9 ! will+ness & e>ne/ness ( ! s*ol>s4 ,! adults 7 almo/ z greatly excit$ z ! boys4 ,!y wat*$ e movem5t ( ! tea*]1 & tri$ to imitate ! s\nds ( ! v>i\s lett]s4 ,z ,i pass$ to & fro at my "w ,i c\ld see ! door & w9d[s cr[d$ by ! ?rong ( onlook]s1 & c\ld he> _! laughable attempts at le>n+4 ,two h\rs at ?is k9d ( tea*+ ?or\ghly exhau/$ my colleague1 = !re 7 n only tw5ty sprightly boys to look aft]1 b a cr[d ( m5 & wom5 :o dem&$ no little att5tion4 ,9 a week or two ! newness ( ! s*ool wore away1 few] adults ga!r$ ar\nd ! doors & w9d[s1 & "s ( ! lads1 f9d+ t !re really 0 no 8m$ic9e0 to dr9k imp>t+ to !m book k1 no royal road to le>n+1 b t x entail$ cont9u\s ef=t1 gave up com+1 & by ! end ( a =tnight only ab\t half ! orig9al class 0 left--b !y 7 wor? tea*+1 & !y p]sev]$ until !y became good s*ol>s & aft]w>ds tea*]s ( o!rs4 ,dur+ ne>ly ?irty ye>s' tea*+ ( ,congo y\?s1 bo? on ! ,l[] & ,upp] ,riv]1 ,i h notic$ t up to ! age ( f\rte5 or fifte5 ! boys & girls--especially ! boys--are v receptive1 & are easily taught2 b aft] t age comp>atively few make real advance 9 le>n+4 ,by ! age ( f\rte5 !y h arriv$ at pub]ty1 & aft] t !y h to make a cont9u\s ef=t to reta9 any book k !y may h receiv$4 ,?is may be due 9 "s measure to _! ?\ghts be+ c5tr$ on o!r matt]s1 z trade j\rneys1 fi%+1 & hunt+ on _! own acc\nt1 & lat] to build+ _! h\ses1 look+ ab\t = a wife1 & procur+ ! necess>y articles = pay+ ! m>riage money1 & meet+ ! exp5ses ( ! fea/s1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ! ,au?or ,,our ,,boat ,,& ,,its ,,crew ,?is boat--! gift ( a fri5d at ,d]by--0 us$ 9 it9]at+ up & d[n our l>ge p>i% ) its two hundr$ miles ( riv] frontage4 ,! foll[+ is probably a great factor 9 caus+ _! m5tal gr[? to /op practically at ! above age3 ,= g5]ations boys on arriv+ at ! age ( f\rte5 or fifte5 _h le>n$ all _! fa!rs _h to tea* !m respect+ fi%+1 hunt+1 wood-craft1 build+1 paddl+1 etc4 ,if !y %[$ a special aptitude = fi%+1 hunt+1 etc41 !y foll[$ _! 8b5t0 9 t p>ticul>1 & became pr(ici5t simply by practice1 & _! successes 7 g5]ally put to ! cr$it ( _! *>ms4 ,!y nev] initiat$ new ways ( build+ 7until aft] ! arrival ( ! :ite man71 or new ways ( hunt+ or fi%+1 etc41 b only c>ri$ on ^? modes !y _h ga9$ f _! fa!rs1 & :i* 7 ma/]$ by ! "t !y 7 fifte5 ye>s old4 ,?us _! intellig5ce has atta9$1 = g5]ations1 its fulle/ developm5t by ! above age1 & n[ we h to help !m ov] t crucial /age4 ,9 "s cases x is v difficult1 b 9 o!r cases we c d s2 & 9 su* !re is no limit to ! intellectual progress !y may make4 ,9 _m in/ances !y h ma/]$ a good work+ k ( ,fr5*1 ,portuguese1 or ,engli%1 bo? spok5 & writt51 & z l>g] opportunities are giv51 a l>ge numb] ( y\?s w make su* m5tal progress z w enc\rage _! fri5ds & tea*]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ! ,au?or ,a ,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,monsembe ,,h\se ,! au?or's /udy & 8 wife's draw+ & reception-room4 ,! walls are made ( bamboos1 scrap$ & v>ni%$1 & all ! furniture1 except ! *airs1 0 made on ! spot4 ,! native 9 8 raw /ate ga9$ su* an acqua9tance ) ! languages ( neighb\r+ tribes z to be able to communicate freely ) !m2 & 9 _m ( _! folk-lore /ories !re are s5t5ces tak5 f o!r languages & scatt]$ ?r\gh ! tales l ,fr5* phrases 9 a fa%ionable novel4 ,we h f\nd1 z a rule1 t lads :o came to u at f\rte5 or fifte5 made v sl[ progress 9 our s*ools1 & seldom rea*$ ! high] classes4 ,!y lo/ he>t at _! difficulties1 & left s*ool--!re 7 exceptions1 b su* z only g to prove ! rule4 ,i ?9k x w\ld n be difficult to prove t ,engli% lads at ! age ( f\rte5 or fifte5 ne$ con/ant spurr+ by tea*]1 fa!r1 or gu>dian1 or a mu* l>g] proportion ( !m w\ld lose ! k !y _h acquir$ 9 _! s*ools4 ,:5 ,i _h almo/ f9i%$ build+ ! ?ree-room bungal[ 9 :i* ,i hop$ to sp5d _m ye>s ) my devot$ wife1 ,i began to build a kit*51 & ! natives1 see+ a small] h\se be+ built 9 proximity to ! l>g] "o1 said3 8,t is :]e ! :ite man is go+ to put 8 wife1 :ile he w1 ( c\rse1 live 9 ! l>ge h\se40 8,no10 we answ]$2 8t is ! cook-h\se4 ,my wife w live "h 9 ?is h\se :5 %e arrives40 8,y w\ld n be s fooli%1 :ite man10 !y inquir$1 8z to put a woman 9 ?is f9e h\se8 ,y w s5d h] to live 9 t small "o1 w y n80 ,& !re 0 a c]ta9 am\nt ( anxiety 9 _! tones r indicative ( _! fe> t ,i 0 go+ to upset ! prop] ord] ( dome/ic life by all[+ a woman to live on equality ) myself4 ,!y w\ld sc>cely believe me until !y saw ! /ove fix$ 9 ! cook-h\se1 & my wife in/all$ ) me on equal t]ms 9 :at !y call$ my 8f9e h\se10 :i* 0 only a ?ree-room$ cottage ) a v]&ah on two sides4 ,! ,boloki's reg>d = wom5 0 a /range contradiction4 ,i h se5 !m walk+--man & wife--) _! arms ar\nd ea* o!r's wai/1 z ?\gh !y 7 a c\ple ( ,engli% lov]s cross+ a common 9 ! twilight4 ,i nev] saw natives exhibit s mu* fondl+ & affection = ea* o!r z 0 %[n among ^? er/:ile cannibals4 ,n9ety p] c5t ( _! qu>rels 7 ab\t wom51 = e man :o _h "o or m wives bitt]ly res5t$ any int]f]5ce ) 8 sole proprietor%ip 9 !m4 ,!y w\ld fondle _! wom51 yet treat !m contemptu\sly z inf]iors2 !y w\ld fight to ass]t _! rights ( own]%ip 9 !m1 yet reg>d !m z s greatly b5ea? !m z to s5d !m to eat _! food by !mselves out ( sight2 & !y w\ld slave to collect suffici5t goods to pay ! m>riage money = _! free wives1 or to procure ! price ( _! slave wives1 yet ! =m] !y w\ld ?ra% unm]cifully1 & ! latt]1 = a :im or 9 a fit ( temp]1 !y w\ld murd] & fl+ ! corpse into ! riv]1 or invite _! neighb\rs to fea/ ) !m on ! body4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,v ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,& ,,native ,,indu/ry ,a ,congo lad 9 ,engl&--,p do+ no "w--,errone\s views--,a condemnation ( 8nigg]s0--,its answ]--,:ite employ]s ( black lab\r--,all[ances to be made--,lea!r-"w--,/r+ mak+--,b>k clo?--,basket-"w--,pott]y--,dye+ & pa9t+--,work+ 9 metal--,aptitude = le>n+ h&icrafts4 ,_m ye>s ago ,i br\ght a native lad ( quick intellig5ce f ! wilds ( ,congo to my home 9 ,london4 ,he notic$ ! p cr[d+ ! pavem5ts1 fill+ ! tram-c>s1 omnibuses1 & tra9s2 & 8 frequ5t "q 03 8,h[ d all ^! p live1 = !y seem only to ride & walk ab\t & d no "w80 ,lat] he obs]v$ t all ! articles 9 ! v>i\s w9d[s ( ! diff]5t tradespeople _h prices m>k$ on !m1 & t money 0 necess>y ) :i* to buy !m4 ,he _h tri$ to procure ?+s himself f ! %ops1 & _h le>n$ by sad exp]i5ce t n only 0 money ne$ful = t purpose1 b ! "r am\nt 0 requisite be=e he c\ld become ! happy possessor ( ! covet$ article s lur+ly display$ 9 ! w9d[2 & !n 8 "q 03 8,h[ d ! p get ! money ) :i* to buy all ^? ?+s80 8,!y h to "w = _! money10 ,i repli$4 8,"s h to "w h>d = v little money1 o!rs e>n m by less labori\s "w1 & o!rs aga9 are =tunate en\gh to h _h fa!rs :o work$ h>d & h left _! sons & daught]s s ri* t !y h no ne$ to "w40 8,"w h>d60 he exclaim$ incr$ul\sly4 8,:y1 !y only ride1 or walk ab\t ! /reets1 or sit 9 %ops eat+ & dr9k+4 ,i d n see !m at "w40 ,i fe> t if t lad _h return$ to 8 c\ntry !n1 he w\ld h c>ri$ ) him a v poor idea ( :ite folk1 & w\ld h reg>d$ u z a lazy lot :o only walk$ or rode ab\t ! /reets1 or sat eat+ & dr9k+ 9 %ops4 ,x took _m a long talk to expla9 our sy/em1 & :5 lat] ,i _h ! opportunity ( tak+ him beh9d ! sc5es into factories1 & ov] build+s 9 ! c\rse ( erection1 he modifi$ 8 views & came to und]/& t ! :ite man works4 ,at ! back ( 8 m9d 0 ! idea1 v preval5t among "s ( ! ,congo tribes1 t all our articles ( b>t] are manufactur$ by ! blacks1 ^: dead bodies we h b\ght 9 ,africa & s5t to ,mputu 7c\ntries ( ! :ite p71 :]e by ! wond]ful magic ( ! :ite m5 ! bodies are resurrect$1 & !y are n[ do+ our "w = u s t we c walk & ride ab\t ) no?+ :atev] to d4 ,x is ! ignorance ( "o p ab\t ano!r t causes su* misund]/&+s1 prejudices1 & errone\s judgm5ts4 ,! lad w\ld nev] h ?\ght ( *>g+ ! trad]s1 ! mission>ies1 or ,gov]nm5t (ficials ) laz9ess1 = he saw & und]/ood _! "w2 b ^! :ite folk :o cr[d$ ! /reets1 fill$ ! vehicles & ! %ops1 :at "w did !y d8 ,he c\ld n see x1 & 8 sup]ficial & mi/ak5 op9ion 0 t !y 7 an indol5t lot ( folk4 ,sitt+ at tea ) me "o day at ,monsembe 0 ! capta9 ( a ,/ate /eam]4 propos ( no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 he exclaim$3 8,:at lazy fell[s ^! nigg]s are60 8,to :om are y specially ref]r+80 ,i inquir$ ( him4 8,well10 he said1 8be=e com+ to y\r h\se to tea ?is aft]noon ,i took a walk ?r\gh ! t[n & saw "s m5 l\ng+ ab\t talk+1 & o!rs asleep "u ! %ade ( "s planta9 & fig trees40 8,oh1 yes10 ,i repli$2 8,i "k !m v well4 ,"s ( !m h be5 = sev]al weeks ov] on ! isl&s1 liv+ 9 r\gh %anties1 fi%+ all day & smoke-dry+ _! fi% ov] _! fires dur+ ! ev5+s4 ,!y return$ ?is morn+ aft] _! long spell on ! isl&s1 & !y are re/+ = a few days be=e />t+ on ano!r fi%+ exp$ition4 ,ano!r lot ( m5 came 9 ye/]day ) t heavy canoe 9 ! r\gh t y saw on ! bea*4 ,!y 7 away "s weeks fell+ a huge tree1 holl[+ x out1 & %ap+ x 9 ! r\gh ) _! little axes--a labori\s job4 ,ye/]day !y float$ x home1 & are n[ enjoy+ a well-e>n$ re/ be=e f9i%+ ! canoe & sell+ x4 ,:at y saw 0 n an exhibition ( laz9ess1 b a relaxation aft] prolong$ ardu\s "w40 ,j !n a /rongly-=m$1 well-built "y man w5t pa/ ! h\se4 8,!re1 d y see him80 ask$ my visitor2 8,i saw him asleep 9 8 hammock-*air40 8,yes1 ,i "k him10 0 my reply2 8he is "o ( ! head-m5 ( ?is di/rict4 ,8 fa!r 0 weal?y z natives g 9 ?is "p1 & left him en\gh to give him ! equival5t ( #cjj a ye> 9 y\r money4 ,w\ld y "w if y _h #cjj a ye> com+ 980 8,by ,jove1 no60 he quickly repli$1 slapp+ 8 knee at ! v idea ( possess+ #cjj a ye> )\t work+ = x4 8,i w\ld h a nice little h\se ) a f9e g>d51 & ,i w\ld sit smok+ all day 9 ! mid/ ( my fl[]s40 8,j s6660 0 my comm5t4 ,! natives ( ,africa live 9 an en]vat+ climate1 ) a temp]ature frequ5tly ne>] #ie 9 ! %ade ?an #gj4 ,!y dwell 9 ! mid/ ( a prolific nature t supplies _! vegetable foods ) v little ex]tion1 & 9 su* environm5ts t _! ne$s are few & easily met4 ,9 _! natural /ate !re are bo? lazy & indu/ri\s folk z 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,:5 ! :ite man arrives he engages 8 native workman1 at s mu* p] mon?1 = twelve1 eighte51 or tw5ty-f\r mon?s4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 8 life ! native has to "w regul> h\rs1 />t+ & leav+ (f to ! deep notes ( a bell1 or ! tap1 tap ( a drum4 ,at fir/ ! exp]i5ce is novel1 & he is mo/ will+ & h>d-work+2 b pay-day is a long way (f1 8 en?usiasm cools z ! novelty passes away1 & !n ! ma/] w h to look vigilantly & con/antly aft] 8 hir$ workman4 ,give him piece-"w & pay him by results & y w see prodigies ( lab\r1 = e paym5t made on ^? l9es is an inc5tive to fur!r ef=t4 ,! native z ke5ly enjoys money & :at money br+s 9 extra food1 com=ts1 & pre/ige z ! :ite man1 & is z will+ to "w = !m4 ,! employ] ( lab\r 9 ,africa is ! :ite man1 & he desires to get z mu* "w z he c = 8 money1 & ! employee tries to give z little ( 8 en]gy & /r5g? z he c = ! pay he is to receive twelve1 eighte51 or tw5ty-f\r mon?s h5ce1 consequ5tly !re is a cla% ( int]e/s2 & :ile ! :ite man has ! opportunity1 among 8 fri5ds1 ( talk+ l\dly ab\t ! 8lazy nigg]s10 let him sit ) ! natives r\nd ! fire "o ev5+1 & he may be surpris$ to le>n t !re is ano!r po9t ( view1 & t n ov]-flatt]+ to 8 fairness z a ma/]4 ,i h frequ5tly ask$ employ]s ( lab\r 9 ,engl& :e!r !y 7 satisfi$ ) ! "w done = !m by _! day lab\r]s1 & :ile !y readily all[$ = exceptions1 yet !y spoke /rongly ( su* m5 z 8do+ z little z possible = _! pay40 ,e bran* ( "w t x is possible to give out z piece-"w is n[adays s arrang$4 ,:y8 ,! ma/]s are satisfi$1 = !y get done t = :i* !y pay2 ! m5 are bett] pleas$1 = !y receive :at !y e>n1 & ! quicke/ & mo/ indu/ri\s man ga9s ! l>ge/ pay1 & 8 sup]ior en]gy is n balanc$ aga9/ ! lazie/ man 9 ! %op4 ,let u d ju/ice to ! black man4 ,he is ! only "o :o 9 su* a climate c "w long h\rs at a "t1 & = mon?s at a /ret*4 ,all ! evid5ces ( civilization on ! ,congo are ! results ( 8 en]gy & endurance direct$ by 8 :ite ma/]4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 no fond] ( "w ?an ! av]age :ite man2 b l ! latt] he is will+ to lab\r to increase 8 com=ts 9 ! h\se1 8 pre/ige 9 ! village1 & to meet 8 obligations z a man1 a husb&1 & a fa!r1 = ea* relation%ip makes its own dem&s on 8 res\rces4 ,9 #ahij we op5$ our ,mission /ation at ,monsembe1 b previ\s to our arrival ! natives _h n _h suffici5t int]c\rse ) :ite p ei!r to increase _! arts & indu/ries or ev5 to modify !m by ! introduction ( new me?ods or new tools4 ,! natives !n 7 z !y _h be5 = _m a g5]ation1 & _! manufactures 7 limit$ by ! mat]ials at _! disposal4 ,9 judg+ ( ! m]its or dem]its ( ! manufactures ( a tribe1 x is necess>y to take into consid]ation ! mat]ials to be obta9$ 9 _! di/rict & ! tools ) :i* !y are compell$1 by =ce ( circum/ances1 to d _! "w4 ,suppose ! ,lanca%ire p 7 re/rict$ 9 _! manufactures to su* mat]ial z !y c\ld obta9 f ! surface ( _! c\nty1 & ! small supplies t filt]$ ?r\gh to !m f ! adjac5t c\nties by labori\s & co/ly transport ov] ! hills1 or by canoes on _! ru%+ /reams1 we %\ld he> no?+ ( ! cotton mills1 ! weav+1 ! iron works1 etc41 ( t indu/ri\s & h>dy folk4 ,x is :at has be5 br\ght into ! c\nty1 :at has be5 dug f ! b[els ( its l&1 & ! ma*9]y & tools t h be5 import$ into x t h giv5 ,lanca%ire ! place x rightly holds 9 ! comm]cial & indu/rial _w4 ,& :at has be5 writt5 ( ,lanca%ire c also be said ( _m ano!r c\nty 9 ,great ,brita91 & %\ld be recogniz$ :5 judg+ ( ! m]its or dem]its ( ! arts & crafts ( an ,african tribe4 ,be=e ! arrival ( :ite m5 at ,monsembe x 0 ! practice ( ! natives to ornam5t _! saucepans ) a h]r+-bone patt]n & ) b&s2 _! knives & spe>s ) p>allel incis$ l9es1 & ) h]r+-bone patt]n2 _! %ields be+ made ( basket-"w mat]ial _h (t5 a bord] ( loz5ge patt]n r\nd ! edge4 ,! blades ( paddles _h p>allel incis$ l9es1 & _! canoes _h ! same k9d ( l9es along ! out] top edge4 ,h&les ( knives & hafts ( spe>s 7 made 9 v>i\s %apes1 & /udd$ ) brass nails1 or b\nd r\nd ) brass ribbon4 ,i nev] saw any draw+s until ,i _h be5 !re a consid]able "t1 & !n !y took to sket*+ on ! fronts ( _! h\ses1 & on lett]s !y s5t to ea* o!r4 ,^! sket*es 7 ( /eam]s1 h\ses1 & p4 ,! draw+s 7 done 9 *>coal1 & :5 outl9+ a figure ! cock's-comb tattoo on ! =ehead 0 usually mu* exagg]at$4 ,!y _h no idea ( p]spective1 b a s5se ( hum\r 0 (t5 exhibit$ :5 8tak+ (f0 a p]son4 ,! hides & sk9s ( animals 7 employ$ = v>i\s purposes4 ,! sk9 ( ! hippopotamus 0 us$ = cuirasses2 t ( ! buffalo1 antelope1 goat1 & %eep = belts1 basket-/raps1 & knife %ea?s2 t ( ! monkey1 sygale1 monitor1 mongoose & civet cat = hats1 belts1 small %ea?s1 & ornam5tal aprons1 or = conta9+ *>ms2 t ( ! boa con/rictor & o!r l>ge snakes = belts1 %ea?s1 & drum heads4 ,! sk9 0 ei!r /ret*$ & p9n$ by wood5 pegs on ! gr\nd1 or lac$ on a frame4 ,! bits ( fle% 7 cut (f1 "s wood a% rubb$ on1 & !n x 0 left to dry 9 ! sun4 ,if a s(t1 flexible sk9 0 desir$1 oil 0 rubb$ into ! sk9 aft] x 0 ?or\ghly dry4 ,x 0 n ! cu/om to take ! hair (f any ( ! sk9s4 ,leop>d sk9s 7 prep>$ by ! above mode1 & 7 usually pres]v$ :ole z mats ^u :i* *iefs & head-m5 sat4 ,if ! own] ( an animal wi%$ to sell ! fle% 9 op5 m>ket ! sk9 0 n tak5 (f1 b ! animal 0 s cut up t a piece ( sk9 0 left on ea* portion4 ,! buy] c\ld !n see ! k9d ( animal fle% (f]$ = sale1 & w\ld "k = a c]ta9ty :e!r x 0 taboo$ to him or n4 ,goats1 %eep1 & dogs 7 ?us cut up & hawk$ = sale ?r\gh ! villages4 ,?is cu/om ( cutt+ up ! animals s t ! requirem5ts ( taboo might be met acc\nts = ! de/ruction ( a l>ge numb] ( sk9s 9 ,africa2 b :5 a p>ty ( hunt]s captur$ an antelope x 0 sk9n$1 or :5 a family kill$ a goat or %eep & did n wi% to sell any ( x1 ! animal 0 sk9n$ :ole1 & ! hide 0 pres]v$ & utiliz$4 ,al?\gh ! sk9 ( ! electric fi% 7n9a7 is m ?an half an in* ?ick1 ,i nev] saw x us$ = any purpose2 9 fact1 ! p w\ld n ev5 eat ! fle%4 ,i once tri$ to dry ! sk9 9 ! hot1 /rong sun1 b x became putrid be=e ! sun _h any effect on x4 ,!re 0 a great dem& = /r+1 & x 0 met 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,! b>k ( a wat]-plant1 call$ by ! natives munkungi1 0 manufactur$ into rope & /r+4 ,! )es 7 cut into l5g?s f #c to #d feet long & c>ri$ into ! t[n1 ! b>k 0 !n peel$ (f--x /rips easily--c>efully scrap$ on bo? sides by runn+ x betwe5 ! edge ( a knife & a bo>d1 & !n spread 9 ! sun to dry4 ,! /rips 7 tak5 9 ! h&1 l5g? by l5g?1 & spun by twi/+ !m betwe5 ! palm ( ! h& & ! ?igh ( ! op]ator4 ,! diff]5t ?reads 7 !n plait$ into a /r+1 & ^! 7 twi/$ toge!r into cords ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,sometimes ! palm-frond fibres 7 employ$ = mak+ ! f9] /r+s & tw9e4 ,! /rong cords 7 us$ = ty+ up _! canoes & bundles2 & also plait$ into mats ab\t #c feet long by #a foot to #a foot #f in*es wide1 = cru%+ ! sug>-cane fibre :5 mak+ sug>-cane w9e4 ,! bett]-made /r+s & tw9es 7 made into %\ld]-bags or sat*els1 & also into fight+-belts4 ,^! belts 7 f #i to #ab feet long1 & ab\t #d or #e in*es wide1 & 7 g5]ally well sme>$ ) pipe clay2 !y 7 w\nd r\nd ! abdom5 j be=e a fight1 & af=d$ a good protection aga9/ spe>-?ru/s4 ,! /r+ 0 w\nd on a wood5 spool1 & ! fi%-nets1 ( all sizes & %apes1 7 made by ! ord9>y process ( nett+1 ! me% v>y+ accord+ to ! size & purpose ( ! net4 ,= "s ye>s aft] we arriv$ at ,monsembe ! old folk wore b>k clo?4 ,a /rip ( b>k #ah in*es long by #e or #f in*es wide1 & #a in*es ?ick 0 tak5 f ! tree--! wild fig tree1 or f a tree call$ ngumbu4 ,! /rip ( b>k 0 soak$ 9 wat] = a "t1 & !n beat5 ) an ivory mallet z x lay across ! palm ( ! h&4 ,! /rip ( b>k gradually wid5$ to #ah in*es1 & l5g!n$ to #c or #d feet4 ,"s clo?s 7 v ev5ly beat51 s t no holes appe>$2 o!rs 7 n s well done1 & holes & unev5 places %[$ 9 ! f9i%$ clo?4 ,likuta 0 ! "n giv5 to ! f9i%$ clo?4 ,i nev] saw any weav+ among ^! ,boloki folk1 b !y told me ( an anci5t native-made clo? call$ pelele2 b ,i nev] saw a specim5 ( x1 & _c speak ( its texture4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bangala ,,woman',s ,,dress ,?is is "o ( ab\t fifte5 fr+es t a woman we>s ti$ r\nd h] wai/4 ,! m *ic ! we>] ! %ort] ! fr+es are cut4 ,!y are made f scrap$ palm leaves4 ,n _m baskets 7 made by ! ,boloki folk1 b ! mo/ common 0 a w$ge-%ap$ basket ( m$ium texture1 & ) a capacity ( ab\t half a bu%el1 us$ = c>ry+ home f>m produce4 ,?is 0 made ( split cane1 ( ! same ?ickness & /yle z ! seat ( a cane *air4 ,x 0 a l>ge oval at ! m\? runn+ d[n to a small oval at ! bottom1 & 0 c>ri$ on ! back ei!r by a s+le /rap across ! *e/ or =ehead1 or by two small loops ?r\gh :i* ! arms 7 pass$4 ,= soak+ _! cassava roots long conical baskets 7 us$ ) lids to tie d[n4 ,occasionally ,i saw _! l>ge sug>-cane w9e-pots cov]$ ) /\t basket-"w1 & /rong h&les plait$ on to !m4 ,o!r k9ds ( baskets f\nd among/ ?is tribe 7 made by slaves captur$ or b\ght f neighb\r+ di/ricts2 & _! %ields ( basket-"w 71 ,i believe1 b\ght ready-made f o!r tribes4 ,i nev] saw "o 9 ! mak+4 ,a v l>ge v>iety ( fi%-traps & baskets 7 made by ^! folk4 ,"s 7 ov] #f feet 9 diamet] & long 9 proportion1 :ile o!rs 7 small en\gh = a *ild to h&le4 ,!y 7 v dext]\s 9 twi/+ canes into v>i\s %apes = _! basket-"w1 & 9 mak+ mats f papyrus4 ,! pott]y made by ! ,boloki wom5 divides itself easily into ?ree k9ds3 #a4 ,saucepans ( v>i\s sizes b only "o %ape4 #b4 ,w9e-pots f #f in*es high to #b & #c feet high & broad 9 proportion4 #c4aa ,firepans or he>?s = c>ry+ fire 9 _! canoes :5 travell+4 ,^! latt] _h ?ree prongs ov]hang+ ! top ( ! saucepan1 ^u :i* an ord9>y cook+-pot c\ld be plac$1 & all[ ( a free passage ( air to ! fire4 ,footnote #aa3 ,no4 #a 0 call$ lobeki4 ,no4 #b mobako1 or a small size ndubu4 ,no4 #c 0 nam$ lok5ge4 ,!re 7 _m o!r names1 b !y only diff]5tiat$ ! sizes1 & also %[$ :e!r !y 7 well or badly made1 etc4 ,!y _h no k ( a :eel1 b built up _! pott]y on a base by roll+ ! clay betwe5 ! palms ( ! h&s into long p5cils ab\t ! size ( a f+]1 & !n weld+ ! /rip to ! base & flatt5+ x out ) ! f+]s z !y work$ r\nd ! pot4 ,! only decorations ,i h se5 on _! pott]y are 8*evrons0 & 8h]r+-bone40 ,9 bak+ _! pott]y no kilns 7 us$1 b firewood 0 laid c>efully on ! gr\nd1 & ! pots arrang$ on ! top1 & !n small firewood1 twigs1 etc41 7 ?r[n ov] ! :ole pile & ! fire light$4 ,on ! ,mobangi ,riv] ,i saw "s v>ni%+ done4 ,:5 ! pots 7 suffici5tly bak$1 & :ile /ill v hot1 !y 7 rubb$ ov] ) lumps ( gum copal4 ,pots treat$ 9 ?is way 7 suitable = dr9k+-vessels1 or z di%es 9 :i* to place food2 b !y 7 unsuitable = cook+ purposes1 = directly ! pot got hot ! gum copal caught fire4 ,"s1 be=e be+ rubb$ ov] ) ! gum copal1 7 sme>$ ) arnotto dye1 & ?us %[$ r$ ?r\gh ! glaz+4 ,iron ore 0 import$ f ! upp] rea*es ( ! ,lulanga ,riv]1 & smelt$ 9 native crucibles4 ,! furnace 0 a hole ab\t #ah in*es deep1 ab\t #ae in*es 9 diamet] at ! top1 & #h to #aj in*es at ! bottom4 ,*>coal made f h>d woods 0 ! heat+ m$ium4 ,! smelt+ pot ) ! ore 0 put 9 ! middle ( ! furnace1 & ! bla/ 0 furni%$ by native bell[s & conduct$ to ! he>t ( ! furnace by a funnel-%ap$ tube ( burnt clay4 ,! bell[s 7 cut out ( a solid block ( wood4 ,!re 7 two holes1 ea* f #h to #ab in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* op5$ bel[ into a common wood5 tube :i* fitt$ into ! above-m5tion$ clay funnel4 ,ov] ea* ( ! holes a s(t sk9 0 securely ti$1 & to ! c5tre ( ea* sk9 0 fix$ a /ick ab\t #c feet #f in*es long4 ,! op]ator work$ ! /icks up & d[n alt]nately1 & ! m vigor\sly he work$ ! m p[]ful ! bla/4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,,pots ,,& ,,saucepans ,,= ,,sale4 ,,lib9za ,,lake ,a :eel is unkn[n1 b ! pott]y is g5]ally v p]fect 9 %ape4 ,! pots are bak$1 & sometimes glaz$ ) gum copal4 ,^? ) ?ree prongs are us$ = cook+ :ile travell+ 9 a canoe4 ,! saucepan ( food is support$ on ! ?ree prongs1 & small firewood is put 9 ! op5+s4 ,! native blacksmi? made hoes & axes2 knives ( v>i\s %apes & sizes2 spe>-heads ( diff]5t k9ds1 b>b$ = fi%+-spe>s1 small-blad$ ones = fight+1 or broad-blad$ fancy spe>s = purposes ( %[ :5 visit+ fri5ds & neighb\rs4 ,he also fa%ion$ l>ge hooks = cat*+ crocodiles1 ! razors = %av+ ! head or face1 lances = kill+ hippopotami1 knives = h\sehold use1 g\ges & *isels = canoe-mak+1 & pi]c]s = matmak+4 ,un=tunately ! introduction ( ,european knives1 hoes1 & axes has ru9$ ?is native indu/ry4 ,= "s "t aft] we settl$ at ,monsembe ! blacksmi? w\ld buy up ! iron b&s f our bales & boxes1 & "w !m up into hoes1 knives1 axes1 & spe>-heads4 ,! anvil 0 a block ( h>d wood1 ! hamm] 0 a b> ( iron ab\t #h or #aj in*es long1 & #a in*es squ>e4 ,!y _h no p9c]s1 b :5 ! piece ( iron 0 too %ort to hold :ile work+ x !y made a wood5 h&le = x1 :i* !y slipp$ on & (f z requir$4 ,!y knew ! process = mak+ /eel1 & c\ld put a v f9e edge on _! razors1 spe>s1 & knives4 ,l>ge brass r+s = ! neck 7 made 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,! potato-l sub/ance ( ! planta9 root 0 cut into %ape ( ! desir$ circumf]5ce & ?ickness2 ?is model 0 surr\nd$ ) well-knead$ clay1 a funnel-%ap$ op5+ be+ made to let (f /eam1 to cle> out ! *>r$ fibre ( ! planta9 root1 & to p\r 9 ! molt5 metal4 ,?is m\ld1 :5 complet$1 0 bak$ 9 ! fire1 & z x bak$ ! planta9-root model inside 0 burnt2 ! a%es 7 cle>$ out & ! liquid brass p\r$ 94 ,:5 cool1 ! m\ld 0 brok5 & ! brass r+ 0 well poli%$ by scrap+ & rubb+1 & 8h]r+-bone10 & 8loz5ge0 patt]ns 7 cut on x4 ,small r+s 7 made = ! legs & wri/s4 ,a r+ 0 put on ea* leg1 re/+ on ! ankles2 a ye> or s lat] ano!r pair ( r+s 0 add$ to ! fir/ pair1 & s on1 until ! r+s almo/ rea*$ ! knees4 ,by gradually add+ r+ to r+ ! we>] became us$ to ! weight1 & ! ankles became corne\s4 ,i once took m ?an a doz5 r+s f ! legs ( a woman1 weigh+ #fj lbs4 9 all--#cj lbs4 ( brass on ea* leg4 ,:5 ^! heavy r+s _h be5 remov$ ! woman seem$ top-heavy2 h] legs 7 n[ s light t app>5tly %e _h no control ov] !m1 & %e cross$ our enclosure l a drunk5 p]son4 ,i h se5 solid brass necklets weigh+ f #bj to #bh lbs4 ea*4 ,on "o occasion1 :ile *att+ ) a *ief1 ,i ask$ him if he buri$ ! brass r+s :5 8 wives di$1 & he at once repli$3 8,no40 8,h[ d y remove su* heavy1 /rong r+s f ! neck ( a dead woman80 0 my next "q4 ,he did n reply 9 words1 b he ran 8 f+] r\nd 8 own neck1 indicat+ t "u su* circum/ances !y cut (f ! head 9 ord] to remove ! r+s4 ,long spiral leg r+s 7 made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a bamboo1 f #ab to #ae feet long1 0 split 7bamboo1 ,raphia v9if]a1 9 :i* !re are no nodes74 ,! pi?1 to ! desir$ dep? & wid?1 0 tak5 out ( "o half & ! molt5 brass#ab 0 p\r$ along ?is *annel4 ,?is gave ! op]ator a long brass rod ab\t ! ?ickness ( ! index f+]1 & ?is rod 0 c>efully beat5 r\nd1 scrap$1 & poli%$2 & />t+ f ! ankle x 0 w\nd r\nd & r\nd ! leg ne>ly up to ! knee1 ea* circumf]5ce ( ! spiral be+ made a little l>g] ?an ! "o imm$iately bel[ x4 ,at ! bottom ! leglet imp+$ on ! ankle1 :i* bore ! :ole weight2 b at ! top x _h #b or #c in*es' play ab\t ! calf ( ! leg4 ,brass ribbon 0 made by beat+ out ! brass rods to ! requir$ wid?1 & ?is ribbon 0 us$ = ornam5t+ spe> & knife h&les1 ! hafts ( paddles1 & knife %ea?s4 ,footnote #ab3 ,copp] 7dikulu7 0 kn[n1 b ,i nev] saw any ( x work$1 & only v little worn z ornam5ts4 ,! social position ( a smi? among ! natives 0 v high1 & he 0 reg>d$ ) z mu* respect z a pr(essional man is 9 ,europe4 ,! natives ?\ght t ! smi? 0 n only wise & skilful1 b t he practis$ wit*craft 9 ord] to p]=m 8 "w prop]ly4 ,no "o 0 all[$ to /ep ov] a smi?'s furnace1 nor bl[ x ) 8 m\?1 nor spit into x1 z ei!r ( ^! actions w\ld pollute ! fire1 & ?us cause bad workman%ip4 ,any p]son pollut+ ! fire w\ld h to comp5sate ! smi? by ! paym5t ( a heavy f9e4 ,a smi? taught 8 son or 8 nephew ! trade1 b w\ld n take an appr5tice on any consid]ation4 ,he 0 always kn[n by ! "n ( 8 trade1 & 0 consequ5tly call$ motuli ! "o :o tula1 or works 9 iron4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,native ,,woman ,,( ,,weal? ,%e has highly priz$ beads across h] *e/1 a brass *a9 ar\nd h] wai/ f :i* dangles a l>ge brass bell1 num]\s brass r+s r\nd h] arms1 & brass r+s on h] big toes4 ,on h] legs %e has spiral brass r+s4 ,h[ did ! smi? procure 8 brass = ! mak+ ( r+s1 etc48 ,! curr5cy ( ! c\ntry 0 ! brass rod1 & ! rods 7 also us$ = _! brass-"w4 ,! brass-work] w\ld collect z _m rods z possible1 & cut f half an in* to "o in* (f ea* rod1 & ?us get 8 mat]ial = no?+4 ,be=e1 & = "s "t aft]1 ! arrival ( :ite m5 salt#ac 0 made by ! natives burn+ two diff]5t k9ds ( vegetation4 7#a7 ,! ?ick1 succul5t /ems ( a grass#ad t grew 9 ! wat] along ! banks ( ! riv]4 ,?is 0 cut 9 l>ge quantities & heap$ along ! bank until dry1 :5 x 0 c>ri$ to ! t[n4 7#b7 ,x 0 also made f a small plant f #d to #e in*es 9 diamet]1 ) ?icki% leaves1 no /em1 rootlets com+ /raight f ! leaves1 ) ! leaves arrang$ l a rosette4 ,?is plant floats on ! riv] 9 l>ge quantities1 be+ torn f ! banks by e /orm t ruffles ! riv]4 ,! process ( manufactur+ salt ) ei!r ! plants or ! grass 0 ! same4 ,a l>ge quantity1 say ( ! succul5t grass1 or grass & plants mix$1 0 collect$ on ! bank1 turn$ ov] f "t to "t until ?or\ghly dry2 !n x 0 c>ri$ to ! t[n1 heap$ up1 & burnt to a%es4 ,a l>ge funnel 0 made ( leaves1 fold$ & plait$ toge!r1 & susp5d$ f a /ick4 ,into ?is funnel "s a%es 7 put & wat] p\r$ on !m4 ,! wat] dissolv$ ! great] "p ( ! a%es & p]colat$ g5tly ?r\gh ! leaves into a %all[ saucepan1 :]e ! moi/ure evaporat$1 leav+ beh9d a dirty :ite granulat$ sub/ance :i* 0 us$ & sold z salt4 ,ab\t a tablespoonful co/ #a;d4 ,i knew a semi-mad man :o ate two tablespoonfuls ( ?is salt & di$ 9 a few h\rs f ! effect ( x4 ,footnote #ac3 ,native names = salt1 monana & mokwa4 ,footnote #ad3 ,call$ by ! natives monkoko mwa njoko sug>-cane ( ! elephant1 because x 0 s juicy4 ,! ,boloki 7 v fond ( music1 & quickly acquir$ a new tune4 ,_! voices1 z a rule1 7 l\d1 cle>1 /eady1 & flexible1 & !y sang f ! *e/4 ,!re 7 h>%1 /rid5t voices among !m1 b !y 7 ! exception1 & at c]ta9 ages _! voices broke & became falsetto4 ,_! s++ 0 mix$1 i4e4 m5 & wom5 sang toge!r1 & 0 g5]ally accompani$ by an in/rum5t1 or by ! beat+ ( a /ick on a plank1 or ! clapp+ ( h&s to give ! "t4 ,9 "s c]emonies ! wom5 sang by !mselves1 at o!r times ! m5 by !mselves1 & v (t5 ! two sexes toge!r1 z :5 travell+ 9 _! canoes4 ,! companies sang 9 unison1 & recitative "t4 ,_m ( _! songs 7 a comb9ation ( solo & *orus4 ,:5 paddl+ _! canoes1 ei!r a small drum 0 beat5 or a /ick /ruck rhy?mically on ! edge ( ! canoe to give "t to ! /roke ( _! paddles1 & to ! rhy?m ( _! songs1 solos1 & *oruses4 ,z a rule "o sang a solo1 & ! o!rs took up ! *orus4 ,_! songs 7 g5]ally topical1 & z !y paddl$ up- or d[n-riv] !y gave all ! late/ in=mation ( int]e/ to ! villages z !y pass$ !m4 ,i h (t5 be5 amaz$ at ! rapidity & accuracy ) :i* news 0 spread 9 ?is way4 ,a canoe leav+ ,n\velles ,anv]s 7,diboko71 :]e ! ,/ate _h a l>ge /ation1 w\ld c>ry up or d[n riv] all ! gossip ab\t ! do+s & say+s ( ! :ite m5 ( ! /ation1 acc\nts ( _! punitive exp$itions1 judgm5ts pass$ on captives & prison]s1 _! treatm5t ( ! natives :o _h tak5 ! taxes !re1 :at new :ite folk 7 expect$ & :o 0 leav+ = ,europe1 etc4 ,! :ite (fic]s told _! p]sonal boys any item ( news1 & !y pass$ on ! items to _! fri5ds2 h5ce 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r or two ev]ybody on a /ation 0 acqua9t$ ) all ! special bits ( in=mation wor? kn[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,,burn+ ,,grass ,,= ,,mak+ ,,salt ,! prop] k9d ( grass is collect$1 dri$1 & burnt4 ,a funnel ( l>ge leaves is prep>$1 "s ( ! a%es are put 9 ! funnel & wat] p\r$ ov] !m4 ,?is p]colates ?r\gh ! leaves1 & :5 evaporat$ leaves a ?9 lay] ( salt4 ,?is s++ answ]$ ano!r purpose3 x gave w>n+ to ! village t a canoe 0 approa*+1 & t ! folk 9 x 7 fri5dly4 ,a canoe ( any size t approa*$ a t[n )\t s++ & drumm+ 0 reg>d$ z an enemy's canoe1 & 0 treat$ z su*1 i4e4 spe>s1 /ones1 etc41 w\ld be ?r[n at ! occupants ( x4 ,occasionally a pr(essional s+] w\ld visit our t[n & tea* ! "y m5 a new tune4 ,he *>g$ two or ?ree brass rods p] p]son1 b w\ld n tea* ! tune unless he _h en\gh pupils to pay him1 & !n he w\ld /ay a day or two until !y _h le>n$ ! tune p]fectly2 & :5 once !y _h caught x !y w\ld set _! own words to x4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i wrote 9 my notebook z foll[s3 8,a pr(essional danc] & s+] has rec5tly visit$ ! t[n1 &1 l s _m ( 8 ,european bre?r51 he 0 m>k$ by "s ecc5tricity 9 dress4 ,he wore a belt ( r$ & blue baize ab\t #ah in*es wide 7! usual wid? is #d to #h in*es71 :i* made him ! obs]v$ ( all obs]v]s4 ,our pr(essional 9 walk+ ab\t ! t[n put on a swagg] fully 9 keep+ ) 8 position & dignity--8 bells t+l$1 & 8 monkey & wild cat sk9s dangl$ to & fro4 ,he receiv$ a l>ge fee f a m\rn+ family t engag$ him to dance & s+ 9 hon\r ( _! dead relatives40 ,! native songs may be divid$ into ?ree classes3 7a7 topical1 z sung 9 canoes :ile di/ribut+ news2 7b7 local songs1 9 :i* ! ev5ts ( ! daily life ( ! village are tempor>ily record$1 z ! brav]y1 c[>dice1 unsociability1 g5]osity1 meanness1 ?ievi%ness1 etc41 ( ! m5 & wom5 ( village or t[n4 ,^! local songs h a great effect on ! p1 = !y cry/allize ! public op9ion conc]n+ an individual1 & ! ,african hates no?+ s mu* z be+ sung aga9/ or ridicul$ 9 a song4 7c7 ,songs at fun]al fe/ivities1 :5 ! praises ( ! dead are sung4 ,!y borr[$ tunes freely f o!r tribes1 & soon le>n$ to s+ all ! ,european tunes we c>$ to tea* !m2 b ,i d n ?9k t any s\nds affect$ !m l ! rhy?mical beat ( _! own drums4 ,to t beat !y w\ld paddle vigor\sly = h\rs b5ea? ! tropical sun2 dance p]spir+ly ?r\gh a long aft]noon1 or ?r\gh a long night2 fight recklessly1 or dr9k _! sug>-cane w9e until _! /oma*s 7 well di/5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,wood5 ,,head-,,re/ ,,or ,,pill[ ,:5 ! hair has be5 dress$1 at ! exp5se ( mu* "t & money1 ! d&y sleeps ) 8 neck on a pill[ ( ?is k9d to avoid dis>rang+ ! hair4 ,!y 7 clev] 9 mak+ canoes1 :i* 7 cut out ( solid trees1 sometimes f s(t woods1 b g5]ally f h>d timb]1 su* z c$>1 mahogany1 & ev5 camwood4 ,^! canoes 7 sometimes small en\gh to be h&l$ by a *ild1 & c>ri$ by "o p]son1 & s %all[ ( draught t !y w\ld run easily ov] a few in*es ( wat]2 b !y 7 also made l>ge en\gh to take f #fj to #gj paddl]s1 & m ?an half a ton ( c>go4 ,! tree 0 fell$ & r\ghly %ap$ 9 ! =e/1 & !n float$ to ! t[n ( ! mak]4 ,x 0 drawn up out ( ! riv]1 & a r\gh %elt] built ov] x to %ade ! work] & keep ! canoe f w>p+4 ,a piece ( ,euphorbia c&elabra 0 ti$ to x1 & ! mak] 0 n to dr9k wat] :ile work+ on x1 o!rwise x w\ld leak2 & ! *>m kept x f crack+ & w>d$ (f all evil influ5ces f spoil+ x4 ,!y 7 also exp]t 9 mak+ paddles1 h&les = axes & hoes1 & 9 c>v+ out *airs f solid blocks ( wood4 ,^! latt] _h f\r legs & gracefully curv+ backs1 b co/ s mu* t only *iefs & head-m5 c\ld af=d !m2 & :5 !y w5t to a dr9k+-b\t at a neighb\r's x 0 no uncommon sight to see ! wom5 c>ry+ ! *airs & /ools to accommodate _! lords & ma/]s 9 com=t :ile dr9k+4 ,! natives1 ) tea*+1 made good c>p5t]s1 & 7 always h&y ) tools4 ,our adv5t1 ) new ideas ( build+ & ) _m tools ! l ( :i* !y _h nev] se5 be=e1 op5$ to !m fre% *annels ( indu/ry2 & z !y lo/ _! fe> ( ! 8wit*-doctor0 & 7 set free f 8 accusations ( 8wit*craft0 !y gave v5t to _! skill by imitat+ our dwell+s1 our furniture1 & o!r conv5i5ces t !y saw ab\t our h\ses1 & _h se5 u make out ( ! v mat]ials t !y _h always _h to _! h&4 ,!y eag]ly ex*ang$ f[ls & o!r k9ds ( food = our tools1 & we 7 always ready to help !m4 ,be=e our arrival ! 8wit*-doctor10 by ?reats ( 8wit*craft10 kill$ e aspiration ( ! p & smo!r$ e sign ( inv5tive g5ius t exhibit$ itself4 ,to make any?+ out ( ! ord9>y--any new article--0 to be reg>d$ z a 8wit*10 & tr\ble 0 sure to foll[ any suspicion ( t k9d4 ,!re 0 no hope = !m until !y bur/ ! bonds t held !m 9 ?raldom to _! 8wit*-doctors02 b once releas$ f ^? mis]able trammels1 no limits c be set to _! future progress4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cu/oms3 ,,"s ,,curi\s ,,& ,,"s ,,cruel ,/opp+ ! ra9--,caus+ ! riv] to subside--,appeas+ wat]-spirits--,sav$ by 8 wit--,debit & cr$it 9 kill+--,me?ods ( dr9k+--,purification by fire--,prev5t+ spirits foll[+ _! relatives--,bury+ wom5 alive ) _! husb&'s corpse--,kill+ a man = a fea/--,hon\r+ ! dead--,c]emonies at a grave--,a monum5t to a *ief4 ,x 0 ra9+ "o day = ab\t ?ree h\rs :5 ,i notic$ a ra9-doctor /&+ on our bea* try+ to /op ! cont9u\s d[np\r4 ,he 0 a tall1 upright1 old man ( v k9dly disposition1 & we _h (t5 _h jok+ conv]sations on ?is v subject ( 8 p[] to /op ! ra94 ,he _h frequ5tly1 ) mu* emphasis1 ass]t$ 8 possession ( su* a p[]1 & assur$ me t "o day he w\ld prove x to me4 ,x 0 n[ ra9+ "o ( ^? k9ds ( ra9 t seem z if x _h begun at ! ,creation & w\ld cont9ue to ! crack ( doom4 ,f ! v]&ah ( my h\se ,i saw ! ra9-doctor pluck a leaf1 & go+ to ! bank ( ! riv]1 he plac$ ! leaf on ! clos$ fi/ ( 8 left h&1 & aft] ext5d+ ! arm t[>ds ! qu>t] f :i* ! w9d 0 bl[+1 he wav$ x to & fro 9 a semicircle1 & !n /ruck ! leaf ) ! op5 palm ( 8 "r h&4 ,?is op]ation he repeat$ sev]al times1 & at ! end ( an h\r or s ! ra9 began to abate & at la/ ceas$4 ,he !n came smil+ly up to my h\se1 & said1 8,y see1 :ite man1 ,i c /op ! ra940 ,( c\rse he c\ld :5 !re 0 no m ra9 to fall4 ,i rem9d$ him ( 8 _m failures1 & ! frequ5cy ) :i* he himself _h be5 caught 9 ! ra92 b su* rem9d]s nei!r %ook 8 own fai?1 nor ! p's1 9 8 p[] to /op ! ra94 ,if a family 7 tr\bl$ ) mu* sickness1 & a wit*-doctor said x 0 due to ! dissatisfaction ( ,s-&-s's _s 7m5tion+ ! "n ( an important & rec5tly deceas$ memb] ( ! family71 because no (f]+ _h lately be5 made to him1 !n ! family w\ld kill a slave & s5d him ) a message to _! tr\blesome deceas$ relative1 reque/+ t he w\ld n cause !m any fur!r mis=tune4 ,if ! deceas$ belong$ to a 8bu%0 or inl& tribe1 ! slave w\ld be kill$ & buri$2 b if ! dep>t$ "o 0 a memb] ( a riv]9e tribe1 !n ! slave 0 ti$ up & ?r[n into ! riv]4 ,we induc$ !m to /op ?is cu/om1 b ! m timor\s ones = a "t compromis$ ! matt] ei!r by bury+ brass rods1 equal to ! price ( a slave1 9 ! grave1 or scatt]+ !m 9 ! riv]4 ,! occasion 0 z foll[s3 ,! riv] 0 ris+ rapidly & flood+ ! l[-ly+ t[n ( ,monsembe1 & z ! wat] rose high] & high] ! head-m5 met toge!r to decide :at 0 to be done to cause ! riv] to subside4 ,pass+ t way at ! "t & he>+ ! subject ( _! discussion1 ,i li/5$ to ! conf]5ce1 :i* la/$ ab\t ?ree h\rs4 ,!y sugge/$ "o reason aft] ano!r = ! flood1 b at la/ !y 7 unanim\sly ( ! op9ion t ! fa!r ( "o ( ! m5 pres5t 0 angry ) 8 family = slight+ him s long1 & to %[ 8 disapprobation1 he _h caus$ ! riv] 7,riv] ,congo7 ?us to rise1 & ! only me?od ( secur+ its subsid5ce 0 to ?r[ a human sacrifice into ! riv]4 ,:5 !y arriv$ at ?is decision ,i ask$ = p]mission to speak1 :i* 0 readily grant$4 ,) my walk+-/ick ,i drew an outl9e ( ! ,congo ,riv]1 &1 putt+ 9 "s ( ! l>g] tribut>ies1 ,i told !m h[ ! ra9 0 fall+ incessantly 9 ^? p>ts1 & t if !y want$ to keep ! riv] f ris+1 ! be/ way 0 to s5d _! ra9-doctor to ,/anley ,falls to /op ! ra91 & ?us end _! anxiety4 ,& z ,i spoke ,i po9t$ to ! old man :o 0 sitt+ among ! o!r head-m54 8,oh10 !y exclaim$ 9 *orus1 8our ra9-doctor c /op ! ra9 fall+ 9 ^! p>ts2 b 8 p[]s w n act 9 ano!r di/rict4 ,our only rem$y is to ?r[ an old man into ! riv]40 ,old m5 7 *eap] ?an "y ones4 8,well10 ,i repli$1 8old ,mata ,bwata 7! old *ief :o 0 cr$it$ ) ! rise ( ! riv]7 0 a little man1 & ,i am a big man2 b "o day ,i %all die & %all be buri$ "h 9 ,monsembe1 & if s little a man c cause ! riv] to rise s mu* because he is angry ) y ab\t a c]emony1 h[ high d y ?9k ,i %all cause ! wat] to rise :5 ,i %all be angry ) y ab\t murd]+ m5 & wom5 9 ?is mann]80 8,:y10 !y answ]$1 8y w be able to make ! wat] come "r above our heads1 & we %all all be dr[n$4 ,all "r1 :ite man10 !y cont9u$1 8we "k :at y mean1 & we promise n to ?r[ anyone into ! riv]40 ,we f\nd aft]w>ds t !y compromis$ ! matt]1 = :5 !y held a mimic 8naval0 battle 7) canoes7 9 hon\r ( ,mata ,bwata's memory1 to appease 8 dissatisfi$ _s1 !y scatt]$ six hundr$ brass rods 9 ! riv]--! price ( a slave--9 lieu ( a human sacrifice4 ,:ile on ?is subject ( appeas+ wat]-spirits ,i may relate a v amus+ incid5t t came to my k1 ! *ief actor 9 :i* 0 well kn[n to me4 ,! folk 9 ! ,bombil+a di/rict _h be5 v unsuccessful 9 _! fi%+1 & putt+ ! cause ( _! non-success d[n to ! wra? ( ! wat]-spirits :o _h turn$ aside ! fi% f _! traps & nets1 !y desir$ to conciliate !m4 ,) ?is object !y decid$ to buy a man & ?r[ him into ! riv]4 ,!y b\ght a man ) "o eye1 :o1 on acc\nt ( t de=mity1 0 sold *eap1 &1 ty+ him1 z !y ?\ght1 securely1 !y hurl$ him f a canoe into ! riv]4 ,by "s means1 h[ev]1 he got loose & swam a%ore1 & on 8 l&+ ! surpris$ p ask$ him :y he _h return$ aft] be+ sacrific$ to ! wat]-spirits4 ,8 sm>t reply 03 8,! wat]-spirits did n want any "o-ey$ folk d[n !re1 s !y loos5$ ! ropes & s5t me a%ore40 ,by 8 wit he sav$ 8 life1 b ano!r & m p]fectly =m$ p]son 0 b\ght & ?r[n into ! riv] 9 8 /ead4 ,?is happ5$ "s ye>s be=e we w5t to live 9 ! di/rict1 b ! "o-ey$ man ,i knew v well1 & m ?an "o p]son told me ( ! incid5t4 ,up to ! e>ly mon?s ( #ahij eight bro!rs liv$ at ,bonjoko--a t[n ?ree miles bel[ ,monsembe4 ,= "s unkn[n reason _! slaves beat to dea? ! *ief ( t t[n4 ,n[ slave-own]s 7 held responsible = ! actions ( _! slaves1 s ! bro!rs _h to flee = _! lives2 b "o ( !m 0 kill$ be=e he c\ld escape1 & ! o!rs came to ,monsembe & built a set ( h\ses ) a /rong palisade r\nd !m4 ,!y liv$ ?us = n9e mon?s 9 app>5t security4 ,a *ief1 h[ev]1 is wor? two ord9>y m51 & ! family ( ! murd]$ head-man did n =get t "o m life 0 ow+ to !m1 b !y wait$ _! "t & opportunity4 ,"s n9e mon?s aft]w>ds a ,monsembe slave fell f a palm tree & 0 pick$ up dead4 ,all t day & ! next ! o!r slaves ( ! t[n danc$ & sang at ! fun]al fe/ivities ( ! dead man1 & dur+ ! noise ( _! cry+ & *ant+ dirges "s ,bonjoko p ent]$ ! t[n1 ru%$ into ! /ockade1 &1 kill+ "o ( ! bro!rs !re1 !y cut op5 ! head ( ano!r1 & *as$ a ?ird "o into ! bu%1 :]e !y spe>$ him to dea?4 ,if only "o bro!r _h be5 kill$ ! feud w\ld h end$1 & reconciliation betwe5 ! families w\ld h foll[$2 b 9 affairs ( ?is k9d !y h a cr$it & debit side1 i4e4 ! *ief ( ,bonjoko 0 a great man1 s x ne$$ two dea?s to expiate 84 ,! ,bonjoko p _h kill$ "o bro!r be=e ! family _h escap$ f ! t[n1 & n[ !y desir$ to kill "o o!r only to squ>e ! acc\nt2 b be+ divid$ 9 _! attack into two or ?ree p>ties1 act+ indep5d5tly1 nei!r knew :at ! o!r _h done or 0 do+1 two bro!rs 7 kill$1 dur+ ! raid1 in/ead ( "o4 ,?us ! ,bonjoko family ow$ "o life to ! bro!rs1 & accord+ to cu/om !y %\ld n h /opp$ ho/ilities until !re 0 a cle> balance-%eet4 ,! remnant ( ! bro!rs c\ld move ab\t freely1 & ne$$ no long] to live enclos$ 9 a /ockade4 ,x 0 n[ ! turn ( ! o!r family to g 9 fe> ( _! lives4 ,! bro!rs took ! bodies ( _! sla9 relatives to ,bonjoko = burial2 & a %ort "t aft]w>ds made blood-bro!rhood ) ! o!r family1 & ! blood feud 0 ?us f9i%$4 ,x leak$ out ev5tually t ! ,monsembe head-m51 :o _h little or no sympa?y ) ! bro!rs1 _h receiv$ #ajjj brass rods n to oppose ! ,bonjoko family :5 !y came = v5geance1 al?\gh ! head-m5 _h accept$ l>ge pres5ts f ! bro!rs on ! promise ( protection & ! "r ( asylum 9 _! t[n4 ,?is trea*]y 0 condemn$ by public op9ion1 b ^? :o condemn$ x only did s because !y _h _h no %>e ( ! spoils4 ,! pr9cipal dr9k1 ap>t f wat]1 0 manga sug>-cane w9e4 ,! canes 7 cut into two-feet l5g?s & ! outside sk9 peel$ (f4 ,! juicy pi? 0 put into a long1 /rong1 canoe-%ap$ tr\gh1 :]e x 0 p\nd$ into pulp ) heavy pe/les4 ,by ! side ( ! tr\gh 0 a /rong cross-/ick fix$ to two /\t uprights1 & f ! cross-/ick 0 susp5d$ by _m loops a cord-plait$ mat ab\t #af in*es wide & #b feet #f in*es long4 ,at ! l[] end ( ! mat 0 a /\t /ick hang+ f ! bottom loops ( ! mat4 ,! op]ator took a l>ge h&ful ( cru%$ fibre f ! tr\gh1 & plac+ x on ! mat he gave a twi/ to ! l[] /ick1 fold+ ! mat ov] on to ! fibre1 !n ) bo? h&s he turn$ ! l[] /ick aga9 & aga91 until no m juice c\ld be press$ f ! enclos$ fibre4 ,! juice ran f ! rope mat into a conduit bel[1 & on into a l>ge j> at ! bottom4 ,?is process 0 repeat$ until all ! cru%$ fibre _h be5 press$ 9 ! mat4 ,?is op]ation 0 g5]ally begun ab\t #d a4m4 & complet$ by #h or #i a4m4 ,a little old sug>-cane w9e 0 add$ to ! new1 & by #c or #d p4m4 ! :ole j>1 conta9+ f eight to twelve gallons1 w\ld be fizz+ ) f]m5tation4 ,a j> ( f\r gallons c\ld be b\ght = two y>ds ( calico4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,d4 ,dodds ,a ,,boloki ,,dr9k+-,,b\t ,sug>-cane w9e is made e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & by ! aft]noon x is well f]m5t$4 ,a native bell1 or drum1 is s\nd$1 & ! folk ga!r = ! c>\se4 ,:5 a dr9k+-b\t la/s sev]al days ! m5 h leaves fa/5$ 9 _! hair4 ,a man w\ld buy a j> ( w9e & beat 8 drum 9 a c]ta9 way to call 8 fri5ds1 :o1 aft] a few m9utes1 began to ga!r f v>i\s p>ts ( ! t[n1 ea* foll[$ by a wife c>ry+ a /ool & "s article out ( :i* h] husb& 0 to dr9k4 ,"o _h a bottle1 ano!r a saucepan1 ano!r an old c(fee-pot1 ano!r a jug1 ano!r a glass or an enamel mug4 ,a man 0 *os5 to dole out ! w9e ) a small wood5 bail]1 & no matt] h[ l>ge ! vessel (f]$1 ! recipi5t only receiv$ s _m dips ( ! bail]1 & ?us all %>$ alike4 ,dur+ ! sug>-cane season dr9k+-b\ts 7 common & w\ld la/ f eight to t5 days4 ,diff]5t head-m5 w\ld buy on succe$+ days l>ge j>s ( manga1 & w\ld beat _! drums to call _! cronies & fri5ds to ! 8dr9k40 ,!y w\ld sit 9 a circle r\nd ! j> ( sug>-cane w9e1 & "o w\ld solemnly ladle x out1 b no "o w\ld dr9k until all 7 s]v$4 ,wom51 :o sat beh9d _! husb&s at ^! c>\sals1 drank only :at _! husb&s gave !m1 & ,i h se5 only ?ree drunk5 wom54 ,?is 0 n because ! wom5 _h any av]sion to dr9k+ or to drunk5ness1 b because !y c\ld n procure ! liquor4 ,! mak+ ( ! 8w9e0 0 a labori\s process1 h5ce1 :ile ! wom5 cultivat$ & prep>$ ! canes1 ! m5 made ! w9e & took c>e to dr9k x4 ,dr9k+-b\ts 7 always foll[$ by a c]ta9 am\nt ( sickness1 z fev] & di>rha1 & a complete loss ( appetite = a "t4 ,i ?9k ! r\gh1 %>p pieces ( fibre f\nd 9 ! un/ra9$ w9e irritat$ ! b[els & br\ght on dys5t]y2 & ! irregul> lives !y liv$ dur+ ^! b\ts induc$ fev]4 ,! majority drank 9 ! ord9>y way1 b "s 9 a mann] peculi> to !mselves4 ,"o suck$ 8 w9e ?r\gh a re$2 ano!r _h a clo? dropp$ ov] 8 head :ile dr9k+2 ano!r plac$ "s f9e-%r$d$ grass ov] ! m\? ( 8 bottle & quaff$ 8 w9e ?r\gh t2 ano!r took a piece ( planta9 leaf &1 mak+ a *annel d[n ! middle1 put "o end into 8 m\? & p\r$ ! w9e out ( 8 bottle on to ! top end ( 8 leaf1 :5ce x ran d[n ! groove into 8 m\?4 ,all ^! v>i\s modes ( dr9k+ are rigidly foll[$ out ( reg>d to ! /rict injunctions ( "s 8m$ic9e man10 :o has told !m t 9 ord] to prev5t ! return ( a sickness f :i* !y h suff]$1 or to escape c]ta9 diseases1 !y mu/ dr9k 9 su* & su* a mann]1 or n at all4 ,:5 a man 0 8on ! booze0 he /uck a leaf 9 8 hair to %[ x1 & !n no notice 0 tak5 ( any /upid or insult+ rem>ks he might make1 or ( any bus9ess transaction he might ent] ^u4 ,"o day ,i saw an old woman :om ,i knew v well sitt+ 9 ! c5tre ( a r+ ( fire1 & ^u inquiry ,i f\nd t %e _h _h mu* to d ) prep>+ a corpse = burial1 & at ! close ( ! c]emony %e _h to be purifi$4 ,a r+ ( fire made ( small /icks encircl$ h]2 %e took a leaf1 dri$ x1 crun*$ x 9 h] fi/1 & spr9kl$ x on ! fire1 mov+ h] h&s1 palms d[nw>ds1 ov] ! fire r+4 ,:5 ! fire _h di$ out a wit*-doctor took hold ( ! little f+] ( h] left h& ) ! little f+] ( 8 "r h&1 &1 lift+ h] arm1 he drew h] out ( ! fire circle purifi$4 ,%e 0 n[ suppos$ to be cleans$ f all contam9ation ) ! dead4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,a ,,boloki ,,woman ,,& ,,*ild ,! p>allel l9es ( cicatrices runn+ f ! neck to ! navel are = ornam5tation4 ,! r+ ( solid brass r\nd ! neck weighs ab\t #ab lbs41 b "s weigh ev5 #bh lbs4 ,walk+ "o day 9 ,monsembe ,i saw an incid5t t recall$ ,burns' 8,tam o',%ant]0 to my m9d4 ,!re _h be5 a dea? 9 a family1 & ! relatives _h j p]=m$ all ! necess>y rites & c]emonies1 & 7 return+ to _! homes4 ,a small tr5* "s tw5ty feet long 0 dug ) a hoe4 ,! relatives took up _! position on ! side ( ! tr5* ne>e/ to ! grave1 ! m$ic9e-man /ood on ! o!r side1 & 8 assi/ant 0 plac$ at ! end ( ! tr5* ) a l>ge calaba% ( wat]4 ,at a signal ! wat] 0 p\r$ into ! tr5*1 & :ile x 0 runn+ ! m$ic9e-man took ea* p]son by ! h&1 & mumbl+ an incantation he pull$ him1 or h]1 ov] ! runn+ wat]4 ,:5 all _h be5 pull$ ov]1 "o by "o1 ! wat] 0 all[$ to run until ! calaba% 0 empty4 ,i ask$ ! reason ( ! c]emony1 & !y told me x 0 to keep ! _s ( _! deceas$1 & buri$1 relative f foll[+ !m4 ,x 0 v evid5t f ! rites obs]v$ t !y ?\ght ! spirits c\ld n cross runn+ wat]4 ,"o ev5+ ,i he>d a consid]able am\nt ( %\t+ & scream+1 & on go+ to ! sc5e ( ! excitem5t ,i f\nd two wom5 /rongly b\nd :o 7 weep+ mo/ bitt]ly1 & begg+ to be set free4 ,i ask$ !m ! reason = be+ ?us ti$1 & !y repli$1 8,y "k our husb&1 ,mangwele1 is dead4 ,he is to be buri$ to-morr[ morn+1 & we are to be buri$ alive ) 8 body4 ,untie u1 :ite man1 & save u f su* a dea?40 ,i knew ! cu/om ( ! di/rict v well1 b _h nev] be5 br\ght into contact s closely ) x4 ,9 e family ( importance !re 7 "o or two wom5 call$ mwila ndaku1 :i* meant t :5 _! husb& di$ !y 7 to be buri$ alive ) 8 corpse1 unless 9 ! meantime !y bore *ildr51 :5 o!r wom5 took _! place4 ,e "t !y he>d _! "n x 0 a rem9d] ( ! awful fate t await$ !m4 ,f my he>t ,i piti$ ! wom51 & turn+ to ! memb]s ( ! family ,i plead$ & remon/rat$ ) !m 9 su* a way1 & ) su* ,god-giv5 eloqu5ce1 t !y at la/ said1 8,all "r1 :ite man1 we w give up ?is cu/om40 ,!y unti$ ! wom51 :o at once began to dance ab\t u1 reliev$ t !y _h be5 rescu$ f su* a horrible fate4 ,next morn+ ! m5 came & ask$ me to att5d ! fun]al1 to see = myself t !y really int5d$ to keep _! promise4 ,i w5t1 & = ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( t di/rict a man ( importance 0 buri$ )\t liv+ wom5 be+ inhum$ ) ! corpse4 ,n[ ,i knew all ! wives1 *ildr51 & slaves ( t man1 & :5ev] ,i ask$ = !m1 !y 7 able to %[ !m--a pro( t !y _h n secretly buri$ any aft] ,i _h left ! grave2 & z only memb]s ( ! family1 or slaves own$ by ! deceas$1 w\ld foll[ & att5d ^u ! _s ( ! dep>t$1 ,i felt sure t no outsid]s _h be5 surreptiti\sly sub/itut$4 ,f t "t !y us$ to reque/ t ei!r ,i or "o ( my colleagues w\ld att5d important fun]als1 to see t !y kept _! promise4 ,we 7 exce$+ly glad to /op su* a cruel cu/om4 ,we 7 n always successful 9 our ef=ts to save life1 z ! foll[+ incid5t w %[3 ,! p at ,bonjoko det]m9$ to h a great fea/4 ,!y b\ght z fat a slave z !y c\ld procure1 broke 8 legs & arms1 & f$ him = ?ree days1 :ile !y made a great quantity ( sug>-cane w9e4 ,i made e possible endeav\r to save him1 b utt]ly fail$ to d s1 & on ! ?ird day he 0 kill$ & ! horrible orgy 0 held4 ,t 0 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( our ,mission2 b 9 aft] ye>s !y became he>tily a%am$ ( ! :ole affair4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,a ,,memorial ,,to ,a ,,deceas$ ,,head-,,man ,a %elt] ) an op5 front is erect$1 & l9$ ) clo?4 ,a r\gh table cov]$ ) a clo? is arrang$1 & on x are plac$ wa%-h& bas9s1 bottles1 etc41 & "u x are put /ools1 l>ge w9e j>s1 etc4 ,^! ?+s are all 8kill$10 t _! spirits may g to ! _s-l& & be ! prop]ty ( ! *ief ?us hon\r$4 ,see page #ajf4 ,:5 a man ( any position di$ 8 wives w\ld ?r[ (f _! dresses & we> old rags 7sometimes !y w\ld g absolutely nak$71 pick up any?+ belong+ to him--8 *air1 spe>1 pipe1 mug1 knife1 %ield1 or blanket--any?+ t fir/ came to h&1 & hav+ cov]$ _! bodies ) a coat+ ( clay1 !y w\ld p>ade ! t[n 9 ones1 or twos1 or ?rees1 cry+ bitt]ly & call+ ^u him to return to !m4 ,!y w\ld /op at times 9 _! cry+ & say1 8,he is gone to ,s-&-s1 we w g & f9d him10 & away !y w\ld />t (f 9 a bus9ess-l fa%ion 9 _! pret5d$ se>* = him4 ,?is p>ad+ !y w\ld keep up = a day or two1 & !n wom5 ( ! t[n w\ld b$eck !mselves ) climb+ plants1 v9es1 leaves1 & bun*es ( twigs1 & =m+ !mselves into a procession !y w\ld m>* ?r\gh ! t[n *ant+ ! praises ( ! deceas$4 ,m5 w\ld pa9t & arm !mselves z = a fight1 & w\ld imitate ! d>+ acts ( ! dep>t$ z a w>rior2 & if he _h be5 rem>kable = fight+ on ! riv]1 !y w\ld arrange a %am canoe fight 9 8 hon\r4 ,fifte5 or tw5ty canoes1 fill$ ) m5 arm$ ) spe>s1 %ields1 & guns1 w\ld g ?r\gh all ! manuvres ( a mimic riv] fight1 fir+ _! guns1 pret5d+ to ?r[ _! spe>s1 or deflect !m ) _! %ields1 circl+ r\nd ea* o!r amid %\ts ( _! pr[ess1 or laught] at ^? :o1 los+ _! balance1 fell into ! riv]4 ,^? a%ore w\ld cr[d along ! bank & yell out directions1 approbation1 & enc\ragem5t to _! fri5ds 9 ! canoes4 ,x 0 an amus+ & int]e/+ sight1 & seem$ to be ?or\ghly enjoy$ bo? by actors & spectators alike4 ,!y call$ ?is prais+ or hon\r+ ! dead4 ,i 0 ask$ on "o occasion to att5d ! burial ( a prom95t man ( ! di/rict1 & 0 int]e/$ 9 see+ ! foll[+ rites p]=m$3 ,aft] ! c(f9 _h be5 l[]$ into ! grave1 m5 came =w>d1 &1 tak+ a spe>1 !y call$ ^u ! spirits ( ^? :om ! deceas$ _h kill$ 9 times ( w> to att5d _! conqu]or 9 ! _s-_w1 & e "t a "n 0 m5tion$ or an ord] giv5 a ?ru/ 0 made ) a spe>4 ,! deceas$ _h kill$ sev5 p]sons1 & _! skulls 7 arrang$ r\nd ! base ( ! wild fig tree j 9 front ( 8 h\se4 ,diff]5t m5 call$ on ! diff]5t spirits1 & s f> z ,i c\ld asc]ta9 x 0 ^? :o knew all ! p>ticul>s ( ! sla91 & ! circum/ances att5d+ _! dea?1 t _h to call on !m to att5d & obey ! deceas$4 ,x seem$ to me t he gave details ( ! p]son kill$ 9 ord] t ! spirits %\ld make no mi/ake z to :o 0 meant1 & describ$ ! mann] ( dea? t !re might be no misappreh5sion ab\t a claim on _! s]vice be+ e/abli%$4 ,"s spe>s & knives 7 put 9 ! c(f91 & "s brass rods 7! curr5cy7 7 laid 9 ! grave = ! use ( ! dep>t$4 ,"s mon?s lat] a %elt] 0 built ov] ! grave1 ) a r\gh table "u x4 ,on ?is table mugs1 bottles1 saucepans1 plates1 etc41 7 arrang$2 & at ! sides1 & "u ! table1 /ools1 *airs1 l>ge w9e-j>s 7 put2 b ev]y?+ 0 8kill$10 i4e4 brok54 ,all ! natives told me t ! articles 7 8kill$0 to keep p f /eal+ !m1 yet !y _h an idea t ! ?+s ?us display$ n only s]v$ z a memorial to ! deceas$1 b help$ him 9 "s indef9able way 9 ! _s-l&4 ,und\bt$ly !y _h =gott5 ! reason = 8kill+0 ! articles4 ,! /eal+ reason 0 n suffici5t to meet ! case1 = !re 0 too :olesome a fe> ( ! rev5ge ! spirits c\ld inflict1 & detection 0 too easy = anyone to be s foolh>dy z to rob a grave4 ,no1 ?is display ( useful goods s]v$ ?ree purposes3 x 0 a 8monum5t0 to ! important man buri$ b5ea? x2 x 0 a pro( ( 8 own1 & 8 family's1 weal?2 & la/ly1 & probably ! orig9al object ( ! articles be+ plac$ on ! grave1 !y 7 conv5i5ces to increase 8 com=t & pre/ige 9 ! _s _w to :i* he _h gone4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,social ,,life ,,& ,,organization ,salutations--,sneez+--,l& is communal--,riv] rights--,slaves & _! position--,laws ( inh]itance--,sons giv5 z pawns--,ma/]s' responsibility--,debtor & cr$itor--,rules = collect+ debts--,rules = fight+--,! ev5+ meal--,divid+ food--,gre$9ess condemn$--,! village dance--,! impromptu song--,its effect on v>i\s p4 ,rud5ess1 disc\rtesy1 & lack ( sociality are greatly condemn$ by ! ,boloki1 & w be puni%$ 9 longa1 or ! ne!r regions to :i* _! spirits g aft] dea?2 h5ce !y are v punctili\s ab\t salut+ ea* o!r :5ev] !y meet1 visit1 or pass "o ano!r4 ,! foll[+ are _! pr9cipal salutations4 ,morn+3 ,olongo ,o6 ,y are awake4 ,answ]3 ,nalongoi ,o6 ,i am awake4 ,obimi ,o6 ,y are out4 ,answ]3 ,nabimi ,o6 ,i am out4 ,lat] 9 ! day1 :5 a man is pass+ a neighb\r's h\se1 he w say to ! "o sitt+ inside or outside 8 h\se3 ,ojali ,o6 or ,ol' o moi ,o6 ,y are alive 7exi/ or sit71 or1 ,y are !re4 ,answ]3 ,najali ,o6 or ,nal' oni ,o6 ,i am alive1 or ,i am "h4 ,if ! resid5t sees ! visitor fir/ he says3 ,oy' oni ,o6 ,y h come "h4 ,answ]3 ,nay' oni ,o6 ,i h come "h4 ,if ! visitor /ays *att+ = a little "t1 he says on leav+3 ,nake ,o6 ,i g4 ,& ! o!r responds3 ,oke ,o6 ,y g4 ,if a man is ill he is greet$ ?us3 ,okeli boti ,o6 ,y are a little bett] 7bolau is und]/ood74 ,aft] 8 illness ! greet+ is3 ,okeli bolau ,o6 ,y are good1 i4e4 ,y are bett]4 ,& ! answ] to ! fir/ is3 ,nakeli boti ,o6 ,i am a little bett]2 & to ! second3 ,nakeli bolau ,o6 ,i am well4 ,to leave out ! ,o6 is = ! greet+ & response to lack cordiality1 & ! emphasis on ! ,o6 & ! tone 9 :i* x is utt]$ are indicative ( ! feel+ ^? greet+ "o ano!r h = ea* o!r4 ,bw&a is ! ^w us$ 9 greet+ a sup]ior1 & ! answ] is ,bika 7^! words h lo/ _! mean+72 b a sup]ior greets an equal ) ! same salutations z an inf]ior does an equal1 i4e43 ,ojali ,o6 ,obimi ,o6 ,oy' oni ,o6 etc4 ,!re is ano!r salutation us$ by a p]son to an equal1 ! answ] to :i* is v v>i\s2 &1 9 fact1 e p]son has 8 own reply accord+ to 8 circum/ances & ! way 9 :i* he ?9ks 8 neighb\rs reg>d him at ! "t4 ,"o man greets ano!r by say+1 ,losako1 ,bless+ on y2 & he replies1 ,ngai nkumbaku1 ,i am "o :o is curs$1 i4e4 ! p 9 ! t[n are always curs+ him1 or he fancies !y are4 ,or ! reply may be1 ,bans9a1 ,!y hate me1 i4e4 ! folk 9 ! t[n d n l him2 or ,ngai nsu ya mai1 ,i am a fi%1 i4e4 ,ev]ybody likes me j z ev]ybody likes fi%2 or1 ,nakalela bana ba ngai1 ,i am weep+ = my *ildr51 said by "o m\rn+ ov] "s great mis=tune or b]eavem5t4 ,a va9 p]son arrogates to himself a phrase indicative ( 8 egotism1 :ile a despond5t "o uses a s5t5ce t does n truly reflect ! attitude ( 8 neighb\rs t[>ds him1 al?\gh 9 8 humility he may ?9k s4 ,!re is a curi\s say+ aft] "o has sneez$1 viz4 ,ngai nya1 motu mosusu1 8,x is n ,i1 b someone else10 & ?is is accompani$ by a vigor\s clapp+ ( ! h&s & snapp+ ( ! f+]s1 expressive ( great a/oni%m5t4 ,x means3 ,i am surpris$ t y want to call away my _s 7! _s is suppos$ to escape ?r\gh ! no/rils71 ,i really am n ! p]son y ?9k ,i am1 b somebody else4 ,! natives are fond ( wat]1 & ba? frequ5tly dur+ a hot day2 & *ildr5 are ba!d regul>ly twice a day4 ,a "m takes h] infant to ! riv]1 &1 gripp+ x tightly j "u ! "r armpit1 %e dips x b5ea? ! wat]4 ,& aft] hold+ x !re _m mom5ts1 %e w lift x out1 & j z x rega9s its brea? to />t cry+1 d[n x w g aga94 ,?is is repeat$ ab\t a doz5 times1 & !n rubb+ ! sup]flu\s wat] (f ) ! palm ( h] h&1 %e holds x out 9 ! sun = a few mom5ts to dry4 ,riv]9e p c rema9 "u ! wat] = a long "t :ile att5d+ _! fi%-nets1 & ?is habit !y h ga9$ f ^? infantile exp]i5ces1 :5 x 0 ei!r hold+ ! brea?1 or dr9k+ a quantity ( dirty riv] wat]4 ,!y wa% _! m\?s bo? be=e & aft] meals1 & g5]ally c>ry a native too?-bru% 7a piece ( cane ?ree in*es long & fray$ at "o end7 ab\t ) !m1 & use x frequ5tly dur+ ! day4 ,to ?is habit !y probably owe ! beautiful :ite tee? s usually f\nd among ! natives4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 occasionally pay a hairdress] to comb out _! hair nicely1 & plait x into ?ree plaits--two /&+ out at "r angles to ! temples & "o /&+ out above ! =ehead4 ,!y also frequ5tly rub _! bodies ) palm-oil & camwood p[d]1 & w sometimes black5 _! eyebr[s4 ,! l& surr\nd+ a t[n belongs to ! p :o live 9 ! t[n4 ,c]ta9 l&m>ks1 z /reams1 =e/s1 etc41 are agre$ ^u z b\nd>ies4 ,if !re is a t[n ne> ! b\nd>y ! l& rea*es "r up to ! b\nd>y ( ! next t[n1 b if ! t[n is "s di/ance f ! =e/ b\nd>y1 !n ! gr\nd betwe5 ! b\nd>ies is neutral l& 9 :i* ! folk ( bo? t[ns c hunt1 cut timb]1 etc41 z !y please4 ,)9 ! b\nd>y ! p ( ! t[n are free to make _! f>ms & build _! h\ses :]e !y l1 provid$ ! l& is n already occupi$ by someone else4 ,priority ( occupation is ! only title recogniz$4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z unclaim$ l&4 ,x is ei!r )9 ! b\nd>y & is claim$ by ! t[n liv+ on x1 or x is betwe5 ! b\nd>ies & is = ! b5efit ( ! ne> t[ns z neutral hunt+1 etc41 b no "o c sell t l& )\t ! cons5t ( ^? t[ns t are mutually b5efit$ by x4 ,if a slave belong+ to a man ( ! t[n cultivat$ a piece ( l& own$ by h] ma/]'s t[n1 %e _h full rights ov] x1 & h] ma/] is c>eful to see t ^? rights are n infr+$4 ,( c\rse1 %e _c sell ! gr\nd1 b %e c sell ! f>m z a f>m & ! /uff gr[+ on x1 & ! p]son :o buys ! 8/uff0 c cont9ue to cultivate x1 if %e is an inhabitant ( ! t[n own+ ! l&1 if n1 %e c let ! produce mature !re1 & :5 %e has remov$ ! said produce ! l& w rev]t aga9 to ! t[n4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 c own1 = ! "t be+1 ! l& t !y h cle>$ = f>m+ purposes2 & c own slaves :om !y h b\ght or inh]it$4 ,i h kn[n a case 9 :i* a slave own$ a slave1 & t slave--! prop]ty ( ano!r slave--own$ a slave also4 ,:5 we b\ght a piece ( l& 9 #ahij1 ! price giv5 0 divid$ among ! head-m5 9 ! t[n accord+ to _! importance1 & !y gave a "p ( _! %>es to _! foll[]s--memb]s ( _! family1 b n to _! slaves4 ,! ,/ate told u we c\ld take ! plot ( l& we want$ = no?+2 b we recogniz$ ! natives' rights 9 _! l&1 & ?us paid !m comp5sation = rel9qui%+ ^? rights to u4 ,if we _h n done s1 ! natives w\ld h reg>d$ u z int]lop]s :o _h /ol5 _! l&1 & ,i ?9k _! view w\ld h be5 ! "r "o4 ,! riv] runn+ by ! l& belong+ to a t[n is ! jo9t prop]ty ( ! t[nsfolk = fi%+ purposes4 ,p ( o!r t[ns are n all[$ to fi% !re4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 l>ge tracts ( neutral wat] :]e anyone c fi% ) trap or net1 provid$ no "o else is fi%+ 9 t spot4 ,^! fi%+ rights are s well recogniz$ t m5 nev] ?9k ( fi%+ along our bank )\t fir/ seek+ our p]mission4 ,slaves c be sold by _! own]2 & !y c also be kill$ by _! ma/]1 & no "o c prosecute him = murd]--he has simply de/roy$ 8 own prop]ty1 & 8surely a man c d :at he likes ) 8 own goods40 ,slaves are1 z a rule1 treat$ well1 = !y c easily run away1 & _! own] w !n lose ! money inve/$ 9 !m4 ,x is to ! own]'s int]e/ to look prop]ly aft] !m--to h\se !m1 to provide !m ) wives or husb&s1 & ma9ta9 _! rights z memb]s ( ! community4 ,i h kn[n "s few slaves run away2 b ,i h kn[n m ?an a few to be treat$ l memb]s ( ! family4 ,! bett] ! slaves are treat$1 ! m secure are _! ma/]s ( _! s]vices & value4 ,! elde/ son takes 8 fa!r's title1 & also inh]its a l>g] proportion ( ! prop]ty ?an 8 bro!rs4 ,! am\nt dep5ds on ! numb] ( sons--if !re are ?ree sons1 ! elde/ takes a half1 ! second son two-?irds ( ! rema9+ half1 & ! la/ son ! re/4 ,! prop]ty ( a woman goes to h] husb&1 &1 fail+ him1 to h] own sons1 or daught]s4 ,! sons ( a free woman take priority ov] ^? by a slave wife4 ,on ! ,upp] ,congo fa!r-"r is ! rule1 :]eas on ! ,l[] ,congo "m-"r is ! recogniz$ native law4 ,sons inh]it _! fa!r's wid[s1 & 9 %>+ !m out x is arrang$ = a man n to h 8 own "m z a "p ( 8 %>e ( ! wom54 ,! son1 on becom+ possess$ ( 8 fa!r's wid[s1 c ei!r keep !m z 8 wives1 or1 if !y are slave wom51 he c sell !m2 & if !y are free wom5 he c arrange = !m to m>ry someone else1 & keep ! m>riage money paid = !m4 ,fail+ direct male heirs1 ! daught] 7or daught]s7 takes ! e/ate2 b %e gives ! wives to "s ( h] ne> ( k91 su* z male c\s9s1 etc41 b %\ld !re be no direct male or female heirs1 ! family clan takes possession ( ! e/ate & divides x among !mselves4 ,:5 !re are male heirs1 & ! e/ate is divid$ up1 ! daught] 7or daught]s7 takes z h] portion ! wom5 :o 7 giv5 to h] fa!r z h] m>riage money by h] husb&2 & ^! %e gives to h] bro!r by ! same "m z h]self1 s t t bro!r receives 8 %>e ( ! e/ate z a son1 & also ! wom5 7if /ill alive7 giv5 z a m>riage portion = 8 si/]4 ,9 recognition ( ?is gift ! =tunate bro!r w make frequ5t pres5ts ( sug>-cane w9e & meat to 8 si/]'s husb&1 z ?is increm5t to 8 weal? has come indirectly f him4 ,slaves numb] ab\t #be p] c5t ( ! population4 ,"s 7 born slaves1 o!rs 7 seiz$ = debt1 a few 7 captur$ 9 w>1 & "s _h sold !mselves to pay _! debts1 incurr$ by adult]y1 or by ! loss ( a lawsuit1 ! exp5ses ( :i* !y c\ld n meet4 ,"s 7 sold to pay ! family debts4 ,x is also ! cu/om = a fa!r to give a son 9 pawn z security = a loan4 ,! /atus ( a pawn is some:at high] ?an t ( a slave1 = he may be r$eem$ at any mom5t1 & ?us aga9 become a free p]son4 ,! "o :o holds su* a pawn _c sell him1 nor pass him on to anyone )\t ! cons5t ( ! pawn]1 = ! family may arrive ) ! r$emption money1 & if ! pawn _c be produc$ ! pawnee w h to pay ! family ?ree or f\r times ! value ( ! pawn4 ,!re are no absolutely indep5d5t m5 & wom5 ap>t f head-m5 & *iefs4 ,all ! re/ are atta*$ to head-m5 z relatives1 slaves1 pawns1 or by a volunt>y surr5d] ( !mselves to a *ief4 ,if ! family ( a free man dies (f1 or becomes v weak--too weak to def5d itself aga9/ ! aggressiv5ess ( ! o!r families 9 ! t[n1 su* a free man atta*es himself 7& any relatives dep5d5t on him7 to ! head-man ( any "o ( ! /rong] families he may select4 ,he !n practically becomes a memb] ( t family4 ,_! qu>rels are 81 & 8 qu>rels are !irs4 ,8 position is t ( a free man own+ fealty to ! head ( 8 adopt$ family1 & he is nev] treat$ z a slave4 ,if he _h tri$ to /& alone 9 8 weakness "s qu>rel w\ld h be5 pick$ ) him by "o ( ! m p[]ful families1 & ev5tually he & 8 w\ld h become slaves4 ,a slave is call$ mombo1 f omba1 to buy2 a pawn is ndanga a tok52 b a free man :o atta*es himself to a *ief is call$ ejal9ya1 probably f jala to live )4 ,a slave boy is n p]mitt$ to use ei!r camwood p[d] or oil on 8 body2 b %\ld he please 8 ma/] "o day by br++ him a pres5t ( a f9e fi%1 or a l>ge piece ( meat1 or "s clo? & brass rods wor?y ( 8 ma/]'s acceptance1 8 own] on receiv+ ! (f]+ w rub 8 h&s ov] 8 slave's face1 & say1 8,y\r sk9 is v bad4 ,:y don't y rub x ) camwood p[d] & oil80 & f t "t he is all[$ to use ! cosmetic s priz$ by all ! natives4 ,z a rule ! be/ dress$ m5 9 a t[n are ! slaves1 & ! wor/ dress$ m5 ! ma/]s4 ,!y are afraid to p>ade _! weal? = fe> ( *>ges ( wit*craft on acc\nt ( deflect+ o!r folk's goods to _! own /ore2 & also a man c m consi/5tly & m easily refuse a loan on ! plea ( pov]ty1 9 old clo!s1 ?an he c if he is gorge\sly array$4 ,( c\rse1 on special occasions1 ! ma/]s w we> pl5ty ( good clo?1 & decorate _! bodies ) p[d]$ camwood & oil4 ,a slave c dress 8 hair l a free man2 b if he has a be>d he mu/ leave x loose1 = only free m5 are p]mitt$ to plait _! be>ds4 ,! ma/] is responsible = ! actions ( 8 slaves4 ,i rememb] a case 9 #ahib :5 a slave attempt$ ! life ( ! head-man ( 8 ma/]'s t[n4 ,8 attempt fail$1 & he escap$ to a di/ant t[n2 b ! ma/] 0 ti$ up1 kill$1 & eat54 ,x is n at all improbable t if ! ma/] _h be5 a m influ5tial man "s o!r way w\ld h be5 f\nd to meet ! case--a heavy f9e--z ! attempt 0 unsuccessful4 ,:ile !oretically a ma/] is liable = 8 slave's debts1 yet he w repudiate !m on ! gr\nd t ! l5d] _h no "r to advance goods to a slave )\t fir/ asc]ta9+ :e!r ! ma/] w be responsible = ! paym5t = !m or n4 ,a slave badly treat$ by 8 ma/] breaks ! eboko1 or feti% saucepan1 belong+ to a wit*-doctor4 ,!n ! wit*-doctor dem&s su* a heavy price f ! ma/]1 z he is responsible = 8 slave's action1 t he pref]s to leave ! slave z comp5sation 9 ! wit*-doctor's h&s to pay+ su* heavy r$emption money4 ,! sum dem&$ is usually m ?an ! price ( a slave2 b public op9ion is v pron\nc$ aga9/ a slave :o breaks ! eboko = insuffici5t reasons4 ,! fe> ( ?is has a /rong det]r5t effect on bad1 passionate-temp]$ ma/]s 9 re/ra9+ !m f ill-treat+ _! slaves4 ,lab\r is n reg>d$ z a degradation1 & ^? :o are skill$ 9 smi?+1 canoe-mak+1 etc41 n only become comp>atively weal?y1 b are reg>d$ ) great respect on acc\nt ( _! skill4 ,boys l to accompany _! fa!rs on fi%+ & trad+ exp$itions2 & girls g ) _! mo!rs to ! f>ms z soon z !y c walk1 & toy hoes are giv5 !m to play ) :ile on ! f>m4 ,^! j\rneys to ! f>ms or to ! fi%+ camps are a *ange to ! "y folk1 & are mu* enjoy$ by !m4 ,among ! ,boloki !re are nei!r m>kets nor m>ket-places4 ,if a p]son has any?+ = sale he walks ?r\gh ! t[n call+ out its "n l a ,london hawk]4 ,sometimes a p]son cat*es a fi% t is taboo to him1 & he w hawk x ?r\gh ! t[n to try to ex*ange x = ano!r t he c eat4 ,9 _! bus9ess transactions cr$it is frequ5tly giv51 & = su* cr$it no int]e/ is expect$4 ,to recov] a debt a cr$itor fir/ duns ! debtor until he is tir$1 !n he breaks ! pots & saucepans1 & any?+ he f9ds outside ! debtor's h\se1 & f9i%es by tell+ him t on a c]ta9 day he w call aga9 = ! money4 ,if ! debtor !n fails to pay1 ! cr$itor w collect a few ( 8 fri5ds1 & toge!r !y w g & lie 9 ambu% ne> ! f>ms until a wife ( ! debtor comes along1 :5 !y w p\nce ^u h] & take h] to _! t[n4 ,! woman w kick1 /ruggle1 & scream = ! sake ( appe>ances2 b %e kn[s t %e w be lightly ti$ & well treat$4 ,! debtor w he> ( ! capture ( 8 wife1 &1 suppos+ he owes #ajjj brass rods1 he w collect ! money z quickly z possible1 & take x ) #ejj extra rods1 :i* he w n[ h to pay to 8 cr$itor to comp5sate him & 8 fri5ds = ! tr\ble ( ty+ up ! woman & ! co/ ( fe$+ h]4 ,z a woman is wor? ne>ly #cjjj rods1 x pays ! debtor to r$eem 8 prop]ty by pay+ 8 debt & ! sum dem&$ = exp5ses4 ,if ! debt is = #ajjj rods ! cr$itor may tie up "o woman1 b if he ties up two wom5 he puts himself 9 ! wrong1 = ! value ( "o woman m ?an cov]s ! debt & exp5ses4 ,if ! debt is = #cjjj or #djjj rods1 ! cr$itor may capture two wom51 & s 9 proportion to ! debt4 ,x is v seldom t a woman is seiz$ = any sum less ?an #ejj rods4 ,if ! debt is n paid )9 a reasonable "t1 ! cr$itor c keep ! woman z 8 wife1 or if %e happ5s to be a slave1 he c sell h]4 ,if ! debtor has no wives1 !n a memb]1 or memb]s1 ( 8 family c be seiz$ on ! same pr9ciple z %[n above4 ,sometimes a cr$itor w tie up a p]son belong+ to ! t[n ( 8 debtor2 b ?is is r>ely done except 9 cases ( ho/ility betwe5 ! t[ns4 ,^! debts are g5]ally incurr$ ei!r 9 buy+ a l>ge canoe1 or a wife1 or 9 los+ a lawsuit4 ,a village may h f tw5ty to five hundr$ huts 9 x1 & ev5 m4 ,! r[s ( h\ses are g5]ally built 9 p>allel l9es to ! riv]2 & a head-man possesses "o or m l9es1 accord+ to ! size ( 8 family or clan4 ,he may h _m wives1 slaves & _! wives1 8pawns10 & dep5d5ts1 & consequ5tly own sev]al r[s ( h\ses2 or he may be ! elde/ ( sev]al bro!rs :o ) _! wives1 slaves1 etc41 jo9tly own sev]al r[s ( dwell+s4 ,! =m] head-man is a great] man ?an ! latt]1 he has m pre/ige 9 ! t[n1 & has great] influ5ce 9 its palav]s1 = su* a man is ! head ( a p[]ful family1 ea* unit ( :i* may numb] m ?an ! bro!rs1 _! wives1 & slaves put toge!r4 ,! mboka village1 t[n1 locality1 may consi/ ( f #bj to #aej families1 numb]+ any?+ up to #bjjj or #cjjj p1 or x may mean only "o or two families n numb]+ m ?an #ej or #fj p2 b x does n matt] h[ l>ge or h[ small ! mboka is1 x is indep5d5t1 self-gov]n+1 & recognizes no ov]-"l4 ,!re is ! head ( ! family1 ^: ^w is law to 8 own relatives & imm$iate dep5d5ts liv+ 9 8 section ( ! t[n4 ,!n !re are ! heads ( ! families :o meet toge!r to arrange ! affairs ( ! t[n1 & to decide on any c\rse ( action 9 relation to ! neighb\r+ t[ns4 ,"s are heads ( l>g] & ri*] families ?an o!rs2 & su* m5 necess>ily h m influ5ce1 & _! words c>ry great] weight ?an ! utt]ances ( poor] & small] m54 ,! lives ( ! p are r5d]$ pleasant1 or o!rwise1 accord+ to ! temp] & ambitions ( ^! head-m54 ,! v>i\s families =m+ a t[n live1 z a rule1 at peace ) ea* o!r2 & if !re is a dispute !y try to settle x by 8hold+ a palav]40 ,b if ! qu>rel develops into a fight1 !n /icks are ! weapons us$1 z guns & spe>s are r>ely1 if ev]1 br\ght out 9 ^! m9iature 8civil w>s40 ,!y comb9e z a :ole aga9/ a common foe4 ,! family t causes ! qu>rel leads ! van 9 a w>1 & if only ! (f5d$ family attacks ! (f5d+ family1 ! o!r families ( ! (f5d]'s t[n /& arm$ ready to def5d _! dep5d5ts & prop]ty1 %\ld ! (f5d]s prove unable to repulse ! attack4 ,b if ! (f5d$ family br+s ! sev]al families ( its t[n to attack ! (f5d]s1 !n ! o!r head-m5 & _! foll[]s w jo9 to repel ! attack1 = x is no long] a qu>rel betwe5 two families ( diff]5t t[ns1 b a fight betwe5 t[n & t[n4 ,?us a family comb9es to fight a family1 & a t[n to fight a t[n1 & ,i h kn[n "o case 9 :i* a di/rict jo9$ its =ces to fight a di/rict4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4,dodds ,,boloki ,,wom5 ,,prep>+ ,,an ,,ev5+ ,,meal ,! woman on ! "r has a mort> & pe/le = p\nd+ boil$ planta94 ,%e has a broad b& ( hair %av$ (f 9 ! /yle ( ! day4 ,! walls %[ ! split bamboos us$ at ! out] l9+ ( ! hut1 !n !re are an in* or two ( grass & ano!r l9+ ( bamboos inside1 & ! :ole is tightly lac$ to ! uprights ( ! wall4 ,! ev5+ meal is practically ! only meal ( ! day1 & e ef=t is made to r5d] x z ta/y z possible ) ! limit$ +r$i5ts at ! disposal ( ! woman cook4 ,cassava figures z ! pr9cipal article 9 e m5u2 & = ?is meal x is commonly prep>$ by soak+ x = ?ree days1 & !n aft] peel+1 cor+1 & divid+ x into qu>t]s1 x is /eam$1 & comes out look+ :ite & appetiz+4 ,ei!r fi%1 or meat :5 procurable1 is /ew$ 9 a small saucepan or roa/$ ov] ! fire1 or wrapp$ 9 leaves & cov]$ ) r$-hot emb]s2 b if !re is nei!r fi% nor meat1 !n a sauce ( p\nd$ leaves1 r$ pepp]s1 & palm-oil is concoct$1 & ! :ole is wa%$ d[n ) gulps ( wat]4 ,!y pref] to keep sug>-cane w9e = _! dr9k+-b\ts & = _! cannibal fea/s1 ! latt]1 9 _! view1 dem&+ some?+ bett] ?an wat]4 ,! food is s]v$ fir/ to ! eld]s 7male71 & if visitors are pres5t !y take prec$5ce accord+ to _! age4 ,z a rule ! memb]s ( a family are polite to "o ano!r1 & any dep>ture f ! usual =ms ( c\rtesy is reg>d$ ) disapprobation by ! o!r memb]s ( ! family4 ,gue/s are treat$ ) hospitality1 & are protect$ by ! family !y are visit+2 & ,i nev] knew a gue/ come to h>m dur+ a visit4 ,m5 & wom5 d n eat toge!r1 z x is acc\nt$ immode/ & indec5t = a woman to eat ) a man2 & x is infra dig4 = a man to p>take ( 8 food ) a woman4 ,!y eat by !mselves at "s little di/ance1 & usually out ( sight & he>+ ( ! m54 ,9 divid+ food1 su* z meat or fi%1 ! "o :o divides x takes ! portion left aft] all ! o!rs h select$ _! %>es1 & 9 ?is way !y h a gu>antee t all ! portions are equal 9 size & quality4 ,if a saucepan ( fi% & ano!r ( cassava are put be=e five or six p]sons = !m to eat1 no division is made1 b all help !mselves f ! same saucepans1 yet ea* w be v c>eful n to eat m ?an 8 fair %>e4 ,b :5 a fi%1 or a lump ( meat1 is giv5 to half a doz5 m51 or wom51 !y appo9t "o to divide x into six lots1 & ! "o to :om ?is v d\btful hon\r is giv5 is c>eful to make all ! lots equal--9 bone1 fle%1 & fat--= he kn[s t ! o!rs w *oose _! portions be=e himself4 ,any gre$9ess is condemn$1 & if p]si/$ 9 o!rs w refuse to eat ) ! (f5d]1 & he becomes an object ( ridicule to ! re/ ( ! family & 9 ! village4 ,! foll[+ /ory1 :i* ,i (t5 he>d relat$ ar\nd _! ev5+ fires1 w well illu/rate h[ ! natives reg>d$ any gre$9ess ab\t food3 8,mokwete possess$ a l>ge numb] ( wives2 & "o day he made a trap & ev5tually sn>$ an animal :i* he c>ri$ to 8 t[n & told 8 wives to cook4 ,:5 !y _h cook$ ! meat !y took him 8 %>e1 & res]v$ a portion = !mselves4 ,mokwete ate 8 meat alone1 b x did n satisfy him1 = hav+ s _m wives ! portion ( meat t fell to him 0 r small4 8,by & by he kill$ ano!r animal1 & he said to himself3 #8,i kill pl5ty ( animals1 b get v little meat = myself1 because my wives are s num]\s4' ,:5 he rea*$ ! =e/ ne> 8 t[n he disguis$ 8 voice & %\t$3 #8,wives ( ,mokwete1 wives ( ,mokwete4' 8,!y answ]$1 #8,e6' ?9k+ x 0 a _s call+ !m f ! bu%4 8,!n he said3 #8,:5 y\r husb& comes ) meat1 y mu/ n eat any ( x2 if y d1 y w die4' 8,9 a little "t he pick$ up ! animal & w5t on to ! t[n4 ,! wom5 cook$ ! meat & br\ght x all to him4 ,he ask$ !m :y !y _h n tak5 any ( x1 & !y told him :at !y _h he>d f "o ( ! bu% spirits4 ,mokwete ate all ! meat1 0 well fill$1 & congratulat$ himself on ! success ( ! ruse4 ,he repeat$ ?is trick aga9 & aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 a ,dut* ,trad] ,,gr\p ,,( ,,boloki ,,wom5 ,,at ,,mobeka ,! wom5 are we>+ skirts ( palm-frond fibre4 ,:5 8dress$0 a "y woman has fifte5 ( ^! skirts on1 & !n !y /& out l a ballet-girl's dress4 ,"s ( ! old] ones h ! cock's-comb tribal m>k4 ,^? )\t ! tribal m>k+ are slaves4 ,! coll> on ! old] woman is ( solid brass & weighs ab\t #ae lbs4 8,"o day ,mokwete's son w5t into ! bu%1 & :ile !re he he>d ! s\nd ( someone com+1 s he hid himself4 ,9 a little "t a man arriv$ & ?rew some?+ ) a ?ud to ! gr\nd1 & !n he he>d a voice say3 #8,wives ( ,mokwete1 wives ( ,mokwete1 :5 y\r husb& comes ) meat y mu/ n eat x2 if y d1 y w die4' 8,! lad1 on look+ out1 saw t x 0 8 fa!r :o 0 deceiv+ 8 mo!rs1 & keep+ him & ! o!r *ildr5 f hav+ _! prop] %>e ( ! meat4 ,he hurri$ home & told 8 mo!rs all t he _h se5 & he>d1 b !y disput$ 8 ^w4 ,h[ev]1 "o ( !m w5t to look1 & saw t x 0 really ! husb& :o _h be5 tell+ !m n to eat ! meat4 ,%e w5t & told ! o!rs1 & !y decid$ to run away4 8,:ile ,mokwete 0 out hunt+ "o day1 8 wives broke _! saucepans1 put out _! fires & fl$2 & ^u rea*+ _! v>i\s t[ns !y told _! families :y !y _h left _! husb&--on acc\nt ( 8 gre$9ess--& ev]ybody ju/ifi$ !m40 ,n[ ,mokwete w\ld return to a fireless he>?1 an empty village1 & no "o to cook = him & wait on him4 ,& ,i h he>d ! folk snap _! f+]s1 & say3 8,mokwete 0 well puni%$10 & !re 0 no "o to pity him4 8,:5 a man buys a fi% or a piece ( meat he %\ld %>e x ) ! wife :o cooks x = him2 & :5 he kills an animal he %\ld %>e x ) all 8 wives40 ,! *ildr5 receiv$ _! %>e ( meat or fi% ?r\gh _! mo!rs4 ,:ile ! he>? is ! c5tre ( a woman's family life1 = h] *ildr5 7if %e is =tunate en\gh to h any7 w ga!r ar\nd x at sund[n to wat* ! bubbl+ saucepans on ! fire1 & h] husb& may occasionally be f\nd !re play+ ) 8 y\ng/]s1 or *att+ to 8 wife1 yet ! dance is ! real c5tre & expression ( ! social life ( ! village4 ,is !re a dea?8 ,!n relatives & fri5ds w %[ _! sympa?y1 n by sitt+ ar\nd talk+ ov] ! good qualities ( ! dep>t$1 b by danc+ _! be/ & *ant+ ! praises ( him :o has s lately gone to t my/]i\s longa1 or ne!r regions1 :]e all spirits f9d _! home = a "t4 ,& /&+ r\nd ! fun]al dances w be ! :ole village1 applaud+ ! agile or *aff+ ! awkw>d4 ,is !re a m>riage8 ,!n relatives & boon companions ( ! old ba*elor days are invit$1 & aft] ! fea/ a dance is arrang$1 & al?\gh "s ( ! legs w be un/eady1 ?r\gh too mu* sug>-cane w9e1 yet all pres5t1 bo? danc]s & spectators1 w be 9 a jovial mood4 ,on moonlight nights ! drums w be br\ght out1 re$ rattles1 f]ret bells1 & any?+ else t w t9kle1 w be ti$ ar\nd ! ankles1 ! m5 & wom5 w =m l9es opposite ea* o!r1 & = h\rs ! danc]s w jump1 twi/1 & wriggle to & fro 9 ! mo/ approv$ fa%ion to ! tap1 tap1 or boom1 boom ( ! rhy?mic drum4 ,all di/9ctions are =gott5 = ! "t be+4 ,! skill$ & ! unskill$1 ! poor & ! ri*1 ! slave & ! free1 are all mix$ 9 indi/+ui%able confusion4 ,x is ! be/ danc]1 be he poor & a slave1 :o is ! cynosure ( all eyes & ! object ( all _! praises4 ,& z ! dance proce$s ! danc]s s+ 9 unison "s recitative song1 :ile ! onlook]s keep "t to song & dance by clapp+ _! h&s & sway+ _! bodies to & fro4 ,! gre$y man1 ! c[>d1 ! ?ief1 ! scamp :o disreg>ds ! feel+s ( o!rs & rides r\gh-%od ov] ! social & communal cu/oms1 ! man :o is accus$ ( wit*craft & refuses to take ! ordeal1 & ! ince/u\s1 are all put into ! songs :i* are sung at ^! village dances2 & !re is no m p[]ful factor 9 influ5c+ ! native to good & evil1 incit+ him to reckless brav]y1 or det]r+ him f committ+ "s fooli% de$1 ?an to put 8 "n into an impromptu song at a village dance4 ,! p>agraph 9 our newspap] is read by comp>atively few p1 & only a small p]c5tage ( ^? :o read x "k ! p]son m5tion$2 b ! song is sung1 night aft] night1 by all ! village--! v neighb\rs ( ! "o ?us held up to ridicule or hon\r4 ,! village song inspires ! d>+ de$s 9 "t ( w>1 x br&s & %ames ! c[>ds1 x consid]ably re/ra9s ! rascals1 & madd5s to ! v]ge ( suicide ! fool :o s badly treats 8 wives t !y run away & leave him a cold he>? by :i* to sit4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,m>riage ,,& ,,*ild ,,be>+ ,"y girls betro!d--,! bespoke money--,m>riage money--,dress+ ! new wife--,a l>ge look+-glass--,a woman c *oose h] husb&--,divorce--,no great desire = *ildr5--,/orage = baby spirits--,treatm5t ( tw9s--,snake om5--,woman's totem--,! "m-9-law--,polygamy & its results--,monogamy & its results--,bett] morality--,m *ildr5--,pur] wom5--,bett] home-life4 ,"y girls & ev5 babies are betro!d 9 m>riage1 & paym5ts made = !m long be=e !y are old en\gh ei!r to und]/& ! contract or give _! cons5t4 ,on ! m>riage money be+ complet$ ! man takes a brass bracelet1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses he puts x on ! *ild's arm1 say+1 8,?is is my wife40 ,:5 ! girl arrives at a suitable age1 & sometimes ev5 be=e pub]ty1 %e is tak5 by h] p>5ts1 toge!r ) "s sug>-cane w9e1 to h] husb&1 & h&$ ov] to him2 & on ! man giv+ ! p>5ts a pres5t ! transaction is complet$4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 ! *ild die1 ano!r is put 9 h] place2 b if t is impossible1 ! money is return$4 ,sometimes a girl objects to be+ h&$ ov] 9 ?is way to a man :om %e dislikes1 & if h] prote/s are disreg>d$ %e w run away to a neighb\r+ t[n & select h] own husb&1 if %e has n already done s1 & ! p>5ts w h to make ! be/ b>ga9 !y c 9 ! way ( m>riage money ) _! new son-9-law4 ,!y w\ld be at an obvi\s disadvantage1 z _! cu/om] w\ld already be 9 possession ( ! 8goods40 ,if a man 9 se>* ( a wife sees an unatta*$ "y woman :om he likes he may speak to ! girl or to h] fa!r fir/1 & if !y--! girl & h] p>5ts--are agreeable1 he w call 8 fri5ds z witnesses & g to ! fa!r's h\se4 ,! girl w !n be call$ out1 & ! man w take 8 spe>1 & go+ into ! c5tre ( ! cr[d he w /ick ! spe> 9 ! gr\nd1 & say3 8,if ! girl loves me1 let h] pull up ! spe>40 ,!reupon ! girl w /ep =w>d1 & pull+ up ! spe> %e w c>ry x to h] fa!r1 say+1 8,namoj+a0 ,i love him4 ,:5 ! girl has pull$ up ! spe>1 ! man has to pay ! 8bespoke0 money--a hoe1 an axe1 a blanket1 a look+-glass1 a mat*et1 & a few o!r odds & ends--to ! head ( ! girl's family4 ,! girl is !n res]v$ = him until su* "t z he c pay ! :ole1 or ! l>g] "p ( ! m>riage money--equal to ab\t #aj1 :i* is approximately ! co/ ( two male & two female slaves4 ,9 ! meantime he c give ! girl small pres5ts1 & %e may cook & s5d him an occasional di% ( food1 & (t5 !re is cohabitation be=e m>riage1 = ! "y man reg>ds ! girl1 & speaks ( h]1 z 8 wife4 ,a free man m>ry+ a free woman w h to give h] fa!r or family two male & two female slaves1 & nei!r brass rods nor b>t] goods w be tak5 9 lieu ( !m2 b z !re are s _m debts among !m a p]son w sometimes 7& x is n uncommon7 pay ?is 8m>riage money0 & m>ry )\t a s+le slave actually pass+ betwe5 !m2 i4e4 ,b wants to m>ry ,a's daught]1 s he w g to ,c & ,d1 :o ea* owe him a slave1 & w take !m to ,a1 :o accepts !m z 8 debtors2 !n ,b w g to ,e & ,f1 :o ea* owe him a female slave1 & ^! debtors ( ,b w be tak5 to ,a1 :o accepts !m z 8 own debtors2 n[ ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 & ,f h no slaves !y want to "p )1 s !y1 9 _! turn1 w look up "s debtors & take !m to ,a1 :o w aga9 accept ^! new p>ties z 8 own debtors4 ,?is 0 call$ bwaka nyungu to pass on or ?r[ ov] a debt 7or cr$it z ! case may be7 f "o to ano!r4 ,i h kn[n m ?an "o case 9 :i* ! fa!r ( ! girl has _h ! debt work$ gradually back to himself1 & 9 giv+ 8 daught] 9 m>riage he has receiv$ no?+1 b has paid "s ( 8 cr$itors4 ,:5 ! "t arrives = ! m>riage ! p>5ts take "s planta91 cassava1 fi%1 ) v>i\s o!r k9ds ( food1 & a calaba% or j> ( sug>-cane w9e1 & toge!r ) _! daught] !y g to ! h\se ( ! bridegroom & h& ov] ! girl by putt+ h] h& 9 ! man's h& 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses4 ,^! latt]1 aft] dr9k+ ! w9e & %>+ 9 ! fea/1 w dance 9 hon\r ( ! occasion1 & ! c]emony is complet$4 ,! food & w9e1 giv5 by ! p>5ts1 are a pro( t ! girl is n sold z a slave1 b is giv5 9 m>riage z a free woman4 ,dur+ ! "t ! man is collect+ ! m>riage money he w build a h\se1 if he does n already possess "o1 & ! girl1 "u ! sup]vision ( h] "m1 w prep>e a f>m4 ,aft] ! c]emony describ$ above is ov]1 ! girl borr[s all ! f9]y %e c ( h] female fri5ds1 decorates h]self ) palm-oil & camwood p[d]1 & = two or ?ree weeks walks ab\t ! t[n ) h] husb&--a sign to all t %e is n[ 8 wife4 ,if ! man has already a few wives1 !y w help to 8dress h]0 by ! loan ( _! own tr9kets1 & w lead h] ab\t ! t[n z a pro( t %e is n[ a fell[-wife & belongs to _! husb&4 ,hang+ on ! wall 9 my d9+-room 0 a look+-glass #ae in*es wide by #ah in*es high2 x 0 probably ! l>ge/ look+-glass 9 t "p ( ,africa1 & x 0 "o ( ! 8sights0 ( ! di/rict4 ,frequ5tly :ile sitt+ 9 my /udy ,i w\ld he> ! %uffl+ ( _m feet & mu* giggl+4 ,on go+ into ! d9+-room ,i w\ld see p]haps eight or t5 wom5 all laugh+ & nudg+ "o ano!r1 & !re 9 ! c5tre "r be=e ! glass w\ld be a well-decorat$ woman wriggl+ ab\t 9 h] va9 attempt to see bo? sides ( h]self at once4 ,x 0 a new wife :om ! old] wives _h br\ght to view h]self 9 ! :ite man's look+-glass4 ,9 ! 8trade look+-glass0 %e c\ld only see small sections ( h]self1 b 9 ?is l>ge "o %e _h an expansive view ( ! :ole 8l&scape10 & h] rem>ks ( wond] & surprise 7 caus+ ! onlook]s to giggle & to excite h] to great] ef=ts to procure broad] views ( h]self4 ,!y exhibit$ no jeal\sy1 b reg>d$ h] z an acquisition--! new wife be+ "o m to help keep ! husb&4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! man buys all ! food1 b :5 ! 8honeymoon0 is ov] ! girl takes up h] f>m-"w & settles d[n to ord9>y life4 ,f t "t %e br+s home ea* aft]noon "s ( h] f>m produce to prep>e = h] own & h] husb&'s ev5+ meal4 ,! husb&1 h[ev]1 mu/ f9d h] ! fi% = su* meals z he p>takes ) h]1 & %\ld he h a quantity ( meat he mu/ be will+ to %>e x ) 8 wives4 ,= ! poor slave woman !re are no prelim9>y gifts1 no 8bespoke0 money1 no w$d+ fea/ & dance1 & no 8honeymoon40 ,! sum agre$ ^u is paid1 & ! slave woman is tak5 to h] new own]'s h\se1 or giv5 z a f>m help to 8 fav\rite wife4 ,! *ildr5 ( su* a m>riage are call$ mbotela semi-slave1 indicat+ t "o ( ! p>5ts is a slave4 ,if a man _c af=d to pay ! m>riage money = a free wife1 or ev5 to buy a slave1 he c hire a slave z 8 wife1 & any *ildr5 born to !m belong to ! own] ( ! slave woman & n to ! fa!r & "m4 ,or a man w sometimes borr[ a wife ( ano!r man = ?ree or six mon?s1 & w pay a fix$ sum accord+ to ! l5g? ( "t he has h]2 b any *ildr5 born ( su* an arrangem5t belong to ! real husb& ( ! woman4 ,a man c m>ry z _m wom5 z he c f9d ! m>riage money =1 b to ea* he mu/ give a h\se1 & all 8 free wives h equal rights4 ,8 slave wives are simply slaves1 & he c sell or kill !m j z he pleases4 ,polygamy is v g5]al1 & monogamy is ! result ( pov]ty4 ,free m51 z a rule1 d n m>ry slaves2 b ! slave woman is giv5 9 m>riage to ! slave man1 & %e ?us helps to make him cont5t$ ) 8 lot 9 ! t[n & tribe2 %e keeps him 9 food & increases ! weal? ( h] ma/] by be>+ *ildr51 :o are slaves & ! prop]ty ( h] own]4 ,:5 a free woman does n want to m>ry ! man :o is try+ to arrange = h]1 %e w tell him frankly t if he p]si/s 9 m>ry+ h]1 %e w run away f him4 ,b if1 9 spite ( ?is ?reat1 he completes ! arrangem5ts1 !n a few days aft] ! m>riage %e w escape to a neighb\r+ t[n & put h]self "u ! protection ( ! *ief by te>+ 8 clo?4 ,! *ief !n gives ! husb& notice ( :at has happ5$1 & be=e he c claim 8 wife he has to pay ! *ief #fjj brass rods #cis4 z comp5sation = 8 torn clo?4 ,if ! husb& does n !n p]mit h] to m>ry ! man %e wants1 %e runs away aga9 & aga91 & e "t %e runs x w co/ h] husb& #fjj brass rods4 ,a s5sible man w take w>n+ by ! fir/ ?reat1 & w n complete ! m>riage4 ,if a free woman is badly treat$ by h] husb&1 %e w resort to ! above me?od ( mak+ him pay = 8 ill-treatm5t ( h]1 & w ?us =ce him to use h] m k9dly4 ,!re is also a m dra/ic way ( puni%+ a husb& = outrage\s conduct t[>ds 8 wife4 ,aft] repeat$ compla9ts ( 8 ill-usage %e w run to ! wit*-doctor & sma% 8 eboko1 or saucepan ( 8m$ic9e10 & 9 s do+ %e w commit a great (f5ce4 ,! wit*-doctor w hold h] until ! husb& r$eems h] by ! gift ( a slave1 & ! paym5t ( a l>ge sum to replace ! eboko & make fre% 8m$ic9e40 ,hav+ paid ! money--= %e is wor? m ?an ! total value ( ! slave & ! brass rods--he w treat 8 wife bett] 9 future1 or %e w aga9 break ! eboko4 ,a slave woman :o runs away to a *ief w be br\ght back1 & h] ma/] w beat1 kill h]1 or sell h] "r out ( ! di/rict1 s x is wis] = h] to run "r beyond 8 rea* 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,i h kn[n wom5 :o successfully c>ri$ out ^! v>i\s modes ( puni%+ _! abusive1 bad-temp]$ husb&s2 & und\bt$ly ! fact t ! wom5 c & w make _! husb&s pay 9 ?is way r5d]s life m tol]able = !m4 ,)\t "s su* sy/em ! wife's lot w\ld be t]rible & impossible4 ,break+ ! eboko1 or 8m$ic9e0 saucepan1 answ]s ano!r purpose3 a man's wife has be5 /ol5 f him1 & all o!r means hav+ fail$ to rega9 h]1 he goes to ! wit*-doctor1 te>s 8 clo? & breaks ! eboko4 ,?is action calls att5tion to ! case & ar\ses widespread int]e/4 ,! wit*-doctor mu/ n[ take up ! case1 or he w lose 8 dignity z a wit*-doctor1 & folk w lose _! respect & fe> = 8 eboko4 ,s he places himself at ! head ( a movem5t to puni% ! wife-/eal]1 & ! m5 :o w\ld n help ! husb& volunte] to fight "u ! wit*-doctor2 & :5 ! woman is captur$ ! husb& has to pay heavy damages = te>+ ! clo?1 break+ ! eboko1 & = ! help ( ! wit*-doctor 9 ! fight4 ,! husb& w !n try to recov] all ! damages f ! /eal] ( 8 wife4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t1 bo? to ! husb& & to ! wife1 !re is su* a =ce available 9 _! utt] ne$4 ,"h & !re a man treats 8 wife ) k9dness & consid]ation1 & he sometimes displays an affection = h] t is pleas+ to ! onlook] & an enc\ragem5t to ^? :o are work+ = ! uplift+ ( ! race1 = x %[s ( :at ! m5 are capable2 b to ! majority ( ! m5 ! wife is a pass+ fancy1 a brief passion :i* is quickly ext+ui%$1 & all t rema9s to w>m _! he>ts1 & keep !m fai?ful to ea* o!r1 are ! cold1 *>r$ emb]s ( a b>e tol]ation = "o ano!r4 ,above ! age ( five ye>s x is impossible to f9d a girl :o is a virg91 & x has be5 difficult to f9d a ^w = virg9 9 ! ,congo languages4 ,! only ?+ a man c d is to see t 8 wife does n commit adult]y aft] he has m>ri$ h]1 )\t 8 cons5t & receiv+ due comp5sation = x4 ,%\ld %e d s1 !n ! adult]] is puni%$1 b ! woman goes free4 ,if %e 7 puni%$ %e w\ld n confess1 & )\t h] confession ! husb& is n able to en=ce ! f9e on ! lov]4 ,a woman's ^w is always tak5 aga9/ ! man's mo/ solemn oa?4 ,i h a v /rong suspicion t ?is p[] is (t5 abus$1 7a7 by ! woman to pay (f a grudge aga9/ someone :o has slight$ h]1 & also to be reg>d$ by ! o!r wom5 ( ! t[n z "o aft] :om ! m5 run2 7b7 by ! husb& z a means ( repl5i%+ an empty purse--! f9e be+ %>$ by ! husb& & wife4 ,!re are und\bt$ly wom5 :o rema9 fai?ful to _! husb&s2 & !re are m5 :o treat _! wives ) k9dness & consid]ation1 b f :at ,i obs]v$ !y are v few inde$4 ,sometimes 9 ang] two m5 w ex*ange _! wives1 especially if "o man's wife is cont9ually runn+ aft] ! o!r man4 ,if a woman does n "k1 or w n p]=m1 h] duties prop]ly z a wife1 i4e4 w n f>m1 cook1 etc41 ! man c take h] back to h] family & receive 9 return ! m>riage money he gave = h] to h] family2 b n ! 8bespoke0 money4 ,%\ld %e die )9 a few ye>s ( h] m>riage ! husb& c claim ano!r woman1 or ! return ( ! m>riage money1 = 8 view is t a faulty article has be5 suppli$ to him4 ,:5 a free woman wants to leave h] husb&1 or h a divorce f him1 %e s5ds a 8tok50 to ! man ( h] *oice1 :o1 if desir\s ( possess+ h]1 goes to ! husb& & tries to arrange ! matt]4 ,if ! husb& acts unreasonably 9 8 dem&s--wants too mu* m>riage money1 or desires ! :ole sum d[n at once--!n %e resorts to ! exp$i5t ( escap+ to a neighb\r+ *ief 7z m5tion$ above71 & ! husb& is quickly br\ght to 8 s5ses4 ,%\ld ! 8tok50 s5t be return$1 %e kn[s t ! man does n want h]1 & if h] family are unwill+1 or unable ?r\gh pov]ty1 to return ! m>riage money1 or ?9k %e is unreasonable 9 seek+ a divorce1 %e has to rema9 ) h] husb&4 ,to run away1 )\t j cause1 to ano!r t[n1 is to make h] "n a byword among h] acqua9tances1 & ! native is v s5sitive to public op9ion1 z we tri$ to %[ 9 ! *apt] on ,social ,life4 ,we h n f\nd ! same desire = *ildr51 on ! "p ( ! wom51 z we obs]v$ on ! ,l[] ,congo4 ,?is may be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t on ! ,l[] ,congo ! law ( "m-"r is 9 full =ce1 & consequ5tly all ! *ildr5 belong to ! "m & h] family2 :ile on ! ,upp] ,congo fa!r-"r is ! g5]al cu/om1 & ! *ildr5 belong+ to ! fa!r1 ! "m has no p>ticul> int]e/ 9 !m4 ,! beliefs ( a tribe consid]ably affect _! po9t ( view1 & ?is is se5 9 no?+ m emphatically ?an 9 _! beliefs ab\t *ild-be>+4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo a non-*ild-be>+ woman is ! butt ( ! t[n's ridicule1 %e is sne]$ at1 po9t$ at by all ! o!r wom51 & is ! object ( _! scorn4 ,%e feels degrad$ 9 ! eyes ( all1 & h[ev] mu* %e may blame h] husb&1 or may try to prove t %e is bewit*$1 yet h] %ame is bitt]ly felt & res5t$4 ,%e has fail$ ignom9i\sly 9 h] "o p>am\nt duty to h] family4 ,h] /]ility is ! con/ant !me ( h] husb&'s bick]+s2 & :5 ev]y?+ else fails to quick5 h] or /op h] nagg+ tongue1 he has only to h9t at ?is abnormal disability & %e is *ok$ ) *agr9 & almo/ ready to commit suicide4 ,n[ on ! ,upp] ,congo among ! ,boloki x appe>s t e family has :at is call$ a liboma1 x may be a pool 9 ! bu%1 or 9 ! =e/1 or on an isl&2 x may be a creek1 or x may be a ,bombax cotton tree2 b :]ev] ! liboma may be x is reg>d$ z ! pres]ve ( ! unborn *ildr5 ( ! family4 ,! disembodi$ spirits 7m+oli7 ( ! deceas$ memb]s ( ! family p]=m$ ! duty ( supply+ ^! pres]ves ) _s-*ildr5 to keep _! families /rong & num]\s4 ,!y h v mi/y ideas z to h[ ^! liboma are suppli$ ) ! _s-*ildr5 7or b+bongbo71 b ,i h a suspicion t und]ly+ ! liboma is "s idea ( re9c>nation--"s ?\ght !re 0 a rebir? ( c]ta9 deceas$ memb]s ( ! family1 & o!rs ?\ght t ! disembodi$ spirits _h _s-*ildr51 & ^! 7 s5t to ! liboma to be end[$ 9 due "t ) bodies4 ,n[ if a man does n h a *ild by 8 wife1 !n %e is simply b>r5 7!y always ?9k x is ! fault ( ! woman71 b !re are no sne]s1 & no %ame4 ,! woman takes h] si/] to h] husb&1 t he may h a *ild by h]4 ,b if a man has "o *ild by a wife1 & no m1 he ?9ks someone has bewit*$ 8 liboma by tak+ ! family's /ock ( *ildr5 f x & hid+ !m2 or1 x may be t ! o!r memb]s ( ! family h bewit*$ h] s t %e may n be able to procure ano!r *ild f ! liboma1 t !re might be m = !mselves2 if1 h[ev]1 none ( ! family h m ?an "o *ild by _! wives1 !n "s o!r family1 ?r\gh hatr$ or jeal\sy1 has tak5 by wit*craft ! *ildr5 f _! liboma & conceal$ !m1 = only ! family to :i* ! liboma belongs c give bir? to ! unborn infant spirits !re4 ,tw9s are n frequ5t1 b :5 !y d arrive !y dem& prop] treatm5t & entail m ?an ord9>y c>e 9 ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 duties4 ,?ree days aft] ! bir? ( tw9s 7masa7 ! "m takes !m 9 h] arms & dances 9 front ( h] h\se be=e h] neighb\rs1 :o jo9 9 a *orus 9 :i* !y s+ ov] & ov] aga93 8,masa e maolela0 ! tw9s cry = y4 ,! "m is decorat$ ) leaves1 sprays1 & twigs1 ! same z = an ord9>y bir?4 ,^! are made into g>l&s = h] head1 /uck into h] wai/-belt1 & fix$ on h] :]ev] x is possible4 ,at ?is c]emony ! names are giv51 :i* are ! same = e pair ( tw9s1 & ^! names are reta9$ ?r\gh life4 ,o!r folk may *ange _! names accord+ to fancy1 b tw9s nev]4 ,! fir/-born is always kn[n z ,nkumu1 & ! second z ,mpeya1 & :5ev] y he> ei!r ( ^! names y "k at once t ! be>] is "o ( tw9s4 ,! fir/-born ( tw9s is always c>ri$ on ! "r arm1 & ! second on ! left arm4 ,:5ev] ! "m replies to a salutation %e mu/ give two answ]s1 "o = ea* *ild2 & %\ld %e greet anyone %e mu/ duplicate h] greet+1 t ea* *ild may be recogniz$4 ,%e c>ries ! dual idea fur!r ?an t1 = %e mu/ eat1 n ) "o h&1 b ) bo?1 t ea* *ild may be prop]ly n\ri%$4 ,pres5ts are giv5 9 duplicate1 or ! *ild n receiv+ a pres5t w fret1 become ill1 & die2 & ! sickness or dea? ( ei!r *ild is suppos$ to arise f c>elessness 9 ! obs]vance ( ^! rules4 ,! tw9s are expect$ to cry toge!r1 rejoice toge!r1 & %\ld !y lack unanimity 9 ei!r ( ^! functions ( rejoic+ or sorr[+ toge!r1 x is because "o is sulky on acc\nt ( "o or o!r ( ! above rules hav+ be5 brok54 ,:5 "o ( ! tw9s dies ! "m borr[s a baby ( ! same age1 & puts x ) ! liv+ tw9 t x may n fret4 ,:5 a man f9ds a snake 7call$ ,mwaladi1 a snake ) r$ m>ks on x7 ly+ by 8 side :5 he awakes1 he reg>ds x z a sign t he w h a *ild by 8 wife2 & if a woman ly+ or sitt+ obs]ves ! same snake approa*+ h]1 %e rema9s quietly 9 h] position1 & if x passes ne> h] %e spr9kles a little camwood p[d] ov] x1 & reg>ds x z an om5 t %e w soon become a "m4 ,! *ild born aft] su* an augury is n treat$ ) any special respect or int]e/1 & no special "n is giv5 to x z on ! ,l[] ,congo4 ,i f\nd t :5 a woman m>ri$ %e br\ght h] totem ) h]1 & !n n only obs]v$ h] own totem b h] husb&'s also2 & ! *ild born to !m took ! totems ( bo? p>5ts until !re 0 a c\ncil ( bo? families--! pat]nal & mat]nal bran*es--& !n x 0 g5]ally arrang$ t ! *ild %\ld obs]ve ! fa!r's totem4 ,"o day ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 wat*+ ! foll[+ c]emony3 ,! wom5 ( ! village _h rubb$ !mselves well ) camwood p[d]1 !y _h also decorat$ _! bodies ) leaves1 & ti$ on sa%es ( a creep] ) small leaves 7nkokolemba71 & danc$ = a consid]able "t to ! s\nd ( drums1 !n ! lobe ( ! "r e> ( ! *ild 0 pi]c$4 ,x 0 a boy1 = if x _h be5 a girl ! left lobe w\ld h be5 pi]c$ 7! left is always a tok5 ( inf]iority74 ,?is c]emony took place dur+ ! morn+1 & 0 a sign to ! b[eya _s t t *ild belong$ to a family 9 ^: totem ! _s 0 specially int]e/$4 ,! pi]c$ e> indicat$ to ! _s t ! own] _h a claim on its help & protection4 ,^! rites 7 only obs]v$ :5 ! family possess$ a totem t _h a b[eya _s to preside ov] its int]e/s & heal?1 & always took place on ! fif? day aft] ! bir? ( ! *ild4 ,! fa!r dur+ ! pregnancy ( 8 wife is prohibit$ c]ta9 foods1 & he is nei!r to hunt nor fi% dur+ ! pregnancy & conf9em5t ( 8 wife1 unless %e goes to a m$ic9e man & is m>k$ ) diff]5t col\r$ pigm5ts on ! brea/1 abdom51 %\ld]s1 temple1 & =ehead1 & we>s two or ?ree *>ms2 ^! ensure = h] a good deliv]y & a heal?y *ild1 & also all[ h] husb& to g hunt+ & fi%+4 ,! food prohibitions v>y consid]ably1 & :ile ! man is obs]v+ ^! taboos he is said to be 9 a /ate ( liboi1 a n\n d]iv$ f ! v]b bwa to be conf9$1 to deliv] ( a *ild4 ,x is v probably a remnant ( la c\vade4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 no tradition ( ! man ev] hav+ tak5 ! place ( ! woman by ly+ 9 b$ dur+ conf9em5t4 ,!re is no adoption into a family1 b !re is milk-bro!rhood1 & ! milk-bro!r (t5 receives a portion ( ! e/ate2 & !re is also milk-si/]hood1 & :5 a woman is a milk-si/] x is p]missible1 b is reg>d$ z v irregul>1 = h] milk-bro!r to m>ry h]4 ,!re are two names giv5 to illegitimate *ildr5--mwana wa ngangi *ild ( a mi/ress1 i4e4 a woman :o has be5 hir$ f h] husb& or family = a fix$ p]iod at a c]ta9 price2 & mpampoka a *ild ^: fa!r is n kn[n4 ,9 ! =m] case ! *ild w ev5tually be own$ by ! prop] husb& or gu>dian ( ! woman1 unless ! lov] made o!r arrangem5ts1 t is1 paid a l>g] fee1 at ! "t ( hir+ 8 mi/ress2 9 ! latt] case ! *ild w belong to ! woman1 & h5ce to h] family1 & 9 bo? cases ! *ild w rema9 ) its "m until x is t5 or twelve ye>s ( age4 ,abortion is produc$ by ! dr9k+ ( a decoction made by boil+ kungubololo leaves1 :i* is said to be v bitt]1 l qu99e4 ,abortion is practis$ to avoid ! tr\ble incurr$ by hav+ *ildr51 or f hatr$ t[>ds ! husb&1 :om ! woman may desire to divorce2 = if %e has any *ildr5 by him1 h] relation%ip to h] husb& is s complicat$ !reby t %e _c easily leave him = ano!r man4 ,:5 a man divorces a wife :o has a *ild ( t5d] ye>s1 ! *ild is all[$ to rema9 ) h] until he or %e is ab\t t5 or twelve ye>s ( age1 & !n is giv5 up to ! fa!r1 b is p]mitt$ to visit ! "m %\ld %e be liv+ 9 a neighb\r+ t[n or di/rict4 ,! fa!r has ! "r to kill 8 own *ild1 & al?\gh ! act may be /rongly condemn$ by 8 neighb\rs & 8 family1 yet !y h no p[] to puni% him1 ?\gh x may be a cle> case ( murd]4 ,i may say t ,i nev] he>d ( a fa!r kill+ 8 *ild :ile ,i liv$ among/ !m2 b ! natives assur$ me t !re _h be5 su* cases4 ,a fa!r1 h[ev]1 w\ld n hesitate to pawn 8 *ildr51 or ev5 to sell !m into slav]y1 if he 7 9 dire /raits4 ,z a rule !y are fairly k9d to _! *ildr51 ev5 to ov]-indulg5ce1 = x is r>ely t !y puni% !m4 ,p]haps ?is w be ! be/ place 9 :i* to make a few rem>ks on ! "m-9-law4 ,%e & h] son-9-law may nev] look on ea* o!r's face4 ,i h (t5 he>d a man say1 8,s-&-s1 y\r "m-9-law is com+10 & ! p]son address$ w\ld run into my h\se & hide himself until 8 wife's "m _h gone by4 ,!y c sit at a little di/ance f ea* o!r1 ) _! backs to "o ano!r1 & talk ov] affairs :5 necess>y4 ,bokilo means "m-9-law1 daught]-9-law1 bro!r-9-law1 fa!r-9-law1 si/] ( "m-9-law1 bro!r ( fa!r-9-law1 wife ( wife's bro!r1 & 9 fact any relation-9-law4 ,bokilo1 ! n\n1 is d]iv$ f kila to =bid1 prohibit1 taboo1 & indicates t all be>+ ! relation%ip ( bokilo c h no intimate relation%ip ) "o ano!r1 = x is reg>d$ z ince/u\s2 & x is accord+ to native ideas j z wrong = a daught]-9-law to speak or look at h] husb&'s fa!r1 z = ! son-9-law to speak or look at 8 wife's "m4 ,"s h told me t ?is 0 to gu>d aga9/ all possibility ( cohabitation1 8,= a p]son y nev] look at y nev] desire40 ,o!rs h said1 8,well1 don't y see1 my wife came f h] womb40 ,i am /rongly incl9$ to ! op9ion t ! =m] is ! real reason4 ,i knew a case 9 :i* a man m>ri$ 8 "m-9-law by m>riage4 ,! woman 0 n 8 wife's "m1 b 8 wife's fa!r's wife1 & z su* 0 8 "m-9-law4 ,i _h se5 him avoid h] _m times1 & x 0 ?us evid5t t all ! wives ( ! wife's fa!r are reg>d$ z jo9t-mo!rs ( ! *ildr51 & h5ce mo!rs-9-law4 ,8 wife's fa!r di$1 & ! man want$ to h "o ( ! wives 7i4e4 "o ( 8 mo!rs-9-law7 z 8 own wife1 s he arrang$ ) a fri5d to pay ! m>riage money & take h] z 8 wife1 !n %e1 by t m>riage1 be+ no long] 8 "m-9-law1 he 0 able to take h] z 8 own wife4 ,he !reupon paid ! money = h] & took h] to 8 h\se4 ,i _c close ?is *apt] on m>riage & *ild-bir? )\t putt+ on record my obs]vations reg>d+ polygamy & its effects on ! ,congo4 ,polygamy means monopoly 9 wom51 & causes great immorality among ! natives practis+ x2 & x is n[ fa/ dy+ out )9 ! sph]e ( our influ5ce ^u ! ,l[] ,congo1 & 9 ! neighb\rhood ( our /ations ^u ! ,upp]4 ,! effect ( polygamy 0 to tie up ! wom5 to a comp>atively small numb] ( m5 :o 7 =tunate 787 en\gh to inh]it !m1 or _h procur$ ! weal? ) :i* to pay _! m>riage money4 ,!re 0 a con/ant compla9t among/ ! "y & vigor\s m5 ( ! middle & l[] ord]s t x 0 almo/ impossible = !m to procure wives4 ,?us we f\nd a small numb] ( m5 possess+ ne>ly all ! wom5 9 a t[n1 hav+ f f\r or five up to tw5ty-five & ?irty ea*1 & a l>ge numb] ( "y m5 :o c\ld n secure wives4 ,moreov]1 ^! weal?y m51 besides hav+ all ^! wives1 _h bespok5 mo/ ( ! "y girls1 _m almo/ infants2 = x 0 no uncommon ?+ = girls ( ?ree or f\r ye>s to be betro!d to m5 ( =ty & fifty ye>s ( age2 & z soon z !y rea*$ pub]ty ! m>riage money 0 complet$1 & !y 7 pass$ ov] to _! already v mu* m>ri$ husb&s4 ,n[ my obs]vations ( polygamy1 bo? on ! ,l[] & ,upp] ,congo1 h l$ me to =m a decid$ op9ion t x does n conduce to productivity1 b ! contr>y4 ,"u ?is sy/em ,i h nev] kn[n a l>ge family4 ,"o man _h eight wives1 & he _h five *ildr5 by "o & none by ! o!rs2 ano!r _h t5 wives & no *ildr52 ano!r _h tw5ty-?ree wives & only "o *ild2 ano!r tw5ty-five wives & ?ree *ildr5 only2 ano!r :o _h eight wives _h ?ree *ildr54 ,mapwata1 *ief ( ,nt5ta 9 ,fr5* ,congo1 _h =ty wives1 b only five *ildr54 ,9 ,mfumu ,ngoma's village !re 7 #hg m51 #fg m>ri$ wom51 & only #cg *ildr54 ,9 ! village ( ,mbela !re 7 ab\t #fj m>ri$ wom51 z %[n by ! numb] ( h\ses1 & only #bh *ildr51 & s on ad lib4 ,if y ask a native *ief1 husb& ( _m wives1 h[ _m *ildr5 he has1 he w /ate an absurd numb]1 n because he desires to deceive y1 b = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,all ! *ildr51 ( 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 & all _! *ildr5's *ildr51 are spok5 ( z ! *ief's *ildr51 z he is ! head ( ! family1 i4e4 all ! nephews & nieces1 ! gr&-nephews & gr&-nieces are reg>d$ z a man's own (f-spr+1 besides 8 own *ildr5 & gr&*ildr52 _m ( u c\ld make up l>ge families 9 ?is way4 ,& aga91 ! native has a v /rong sup]/ition & prejudice aga9/ c\nt+ 8 *ildr51 = he believes t if he does s1 or if he /ates ! prop] numb]1 ! evil spirits w he> x & "s ( 8 *ildr5 w die2 h5ce :5 y ask him su* a simple "q z1 8,h[ _m *ildr5 h y80 y /ir up 8 sup]/iti\s fe>s1 & he w answ]3 8,i don't "k40 ,if y press him1 he w tell y sixty1 or "o hundr$ *ildr51 or any o!r numb] t jumps to 8 tongue2 & ev5 !n he is ?9k+ ( ^? :o1 f ! native view ( k9%ip1 are reg>d$ z 8 *ildr51 & desir+ to deceive1 n y1 b ^? ubiquit\s & pr[l+ evil spirits1 he /ates a l>ge numb] t leaves a wide m>g94 ,i h be5 introduc$ by "y m5 to m51 mu* old] ?an !mselves1 z 8my *ildr510 & !re 0 a tw9kle 9 _! eyes1 %[+ t !y appreciat$ ! humor\s absurdity ( ! situation4 ,among ! ,congo languages !re is no prop] ^w = virg91 = !re 0 n 9 ! old days a pure girl above ! age ( five4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 mo/ emphatically diss5t f ! (t-repeat$ fallaci\s /atem5t t polygamy promotes morality among native tribes2 t x has caus$ widespread immorality on ! ,congo is tru] to ! facts4 ,aft] c>efully review+ all ! data ,i am =c$ to ! conclusion t polygamy is n necessitat$ by ! climate1 b is ! natural outcome ( _! cu/oms1 mode ( ?\ght1 & view ( life4 ,a ,congo man w fight1 trade1 c>ry heavy loads = long di/ances1 & "w1 b he w n hoe ! gr\nd1 t is infra dig4 to him4 ,he w dig ! :ite man's f>m1 b he w n "w l& 9 8 own village1 s1 to use 8 own words1 he 8hires0 or 8borr[s0 a woman to d ?is = him1 & ! m wom5 he has ! less likely is he to g hungry4 ,aga91 ! m wom5 he has ! m important he is1 ! great] 8 influ5ce & social /&+2 :5 a native wants to impress y ) ! greatness ( 8 *ief or ! importance ( ! head ( 8 family1 he tells y ! numb] ( 8 wives1 & he does n m9d add+ a doz5 to ! sum total4 ,aga91 *iefs 9 receiv+ visits f o!r *iefs & _! ret9ues _h to give free hospitality = long p]iods4 ,?is requir$ a l>ge am\nt ( food & sev]al wom5 to prep>e x daily4 ,!n aga91 = g5]ations ! wom5 h believ$ t if !y all[$ _! husb&s to h int]c\rse ) !m betwe5 ! "t ( pregnancy & ! wean+ ( _! *ildr51 ^? *ildr5 w\ld die4 ,?is sup]/iti\s belief has be5 a pot5t factor 9 keep+ polygamy alive1 if x did n orig9ate x4 ,rememb] h[ !y procure _! wives1 & t ! woman's family mu/ replace h] 9 ! ev5t ( dea?1 consequ5tly ! family has be5 c>eful to see t %e has n be5 weak5$ by frequ5t *ild-be>+1 le/ !y %\ld h to give ano!r woman 9 h] place4 ,among "s tribes ! man _h to wait until 8 wife's family took him a calaba% ( palm-w9e1 & r5ew$ _! p]mission to him4 ,"s writ]s ?9k1 judg+ by ! tone ( _! articles1 t we mission>ies ru% pell-mell into a c\ntry1 & delight 9 upsett+ ! in/itutions & cu/oms ( a place :e!r !y are good1 bad1 or indiff]5t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n true to ! facts z ,i "k !m4 ,our ,mission on ! ,congo comm5c$ its op]ations 9 #ahgh1 & x 0 well on 9 ! eighties be=e *ur*es 7 =m$1 ) rules & regulations = ! guidance ( conv]ts4 ,9 ! meantime a language _h be5 r$uc$ to writ+1 mu* translation "w _h be5 done1 & a mass ( in=mation collect$ ab\t ! habits1 cu/oms1 & view ( life tak5 by ! native4 8,_m m51 _m m9ds0 is an old say+1 & we f\nd x a true "o :5 ! "t came to deal ) native m>riage cu/oms & polygamy 9 relation to *ur* memb]%ip4 ,!re 0 n a s+le aspect ( ?is great "q b _h its expon5ts2 & x 0 n until aft] mature consid]ation1 & a c>eful /udy ( all ! pros & cons1 t we came to ! conclusion t monogamy 0 ! only wise rule to adopt1 & we !re=e laid x d[n z a condition ( *ur* memb]%ip t "o man %\ld h "o wife only4 ,x is also a rule ( ! *ur* t no ,*ri/ian %all receive m>riage money = 8 daught]1 niece1 or w>d2 & no ,*ri/ian is p]mitt$ to give m>riage money = 8 wife1 except to a hea!n if he asks = x4 ,! reasons = ?is exception are obvi\s4 ,we also insi/ t all ,*ri/ians %all m>ry ei!r by civil law or 8holy matrimony40 ,we are int]e/$ 9 ! natives &1 rightly or wrongly1 we devote our lives to !m2 & if we _h desir$ numb]s on ! *ur* roll to quote 9 reports r ?an ! moral & physical well-be+ ( our p>i%ion]s1 we %\ld h made ^! re/rictions less rigor\s1 & entrance to *ur* memb]%ip m easy & pleasant = !m4 ,our ,society gives u a free h& 9 deal+ ) ^! great problems4 ,n[ we f9d t ,*ri/ian tea*+ & monogamy h conduc$ to /rict] morality among ! p1 & also to an increase 9 ! bir?-rate4 ,9 ! old days !re 0 9 e village on ! ,l[] ,congo a h\se call$ ,mbongi1 or ,nzo-a-matoko 7h\se = "y m571 :]e ! lads & unm>ri$ m5 slept4 ,girls f an e>ly age _h free +ress to ^! h\ses1 & _! mo!rs enc\rag$ !m to g4 ,^! h\ses h be5 cle>$ out ( all ! villages :]e !re is any ,*ri/ian influ5ce at "w1 & ev5 f hea!n villages also1 = !y h be5 greatly influ5c$ by ! pur] public op9ion ( rec5t ye>s4 ,n[ t monogamy is practis$ by s _m1 ! "y m5 "k t 9 due "t !y w be able to secure a wife1 & !y desire to receive h] z pure z possible1 h5ce ! clos+ ( ^! village ba*elor h\ses ev5 9 ! hea!n t[ns4 ,*ri/ian p>5ts also use _! be/ endeav\r to pres]ve _! daught]s 9 innoc5cy4 ,we h )9 a /one's-?r[ ( ,wa!n ,/ation a ,*ri/ian village :]e monogamy is ! rule )\t exception4 ,!re are tw5ty-f\r m>ri$ wom5 liv+ !re ) _! husb&s1 & !y h betwe5 !m fifty-sev5 *ildr5 n[ liv+ 7not$ 9 #aijh71 & five h di$1 mak+ 9 all sixty-two bir?s4 ,"s ( ^! h only be5 m>ri$ eighte5 mon?s or two ye>s1 & !re is no d\bt t z ! ye>s g by !re w be _m m *ildr5 born to ^! tw5ty-f\r wives4 ,n[ ! same numb] ( wom5 ti$ to "o man w\ld n h _h a t5? ( ! *ildr54 ,aga91 we h ?r\gh\t our di/ricts a l>ge numb] ( tea*]s1 _m ( :om are m>ri$1 & mo/ ( !m h *ildr5--"o1 two1 or ?ree1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( "t !y h be5 m>ri$4 ,!re is ano!r noticeable ?+1 t 9 ! ,*ri/ian villages1 i4e4 ! monogam\s villages1 !re are pl5ty ( *ildr51 :ile ! same _c be said ( ! hea!n 9 polygam\s villages4 ,"s seem to ?9k t polygamy spells l>ge families & a fair /ate ( morality2 b on ! ,congo1 & ,i speak ( :at ,i "k1 polygamy means a v l[ bir?-rate & an absolute lack ( morality & common dec5cy4 ,polygamy is giv+ place to monogamy1 & t means a high] morality1 a pur] & m self-respect+ womanhood1 & ! introduction ( a tru] affection betwe5 ! husb& & ! wife :i* w result 9 a bett] & m heal?y home-life = ! *ildr51 & w lead to ! com+ ( a bright] day on d>k1 oppress$ ,africa4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,native ,,education ,precoci\sness ( ! *ildr5--,tea*+ ! tribal m>k--,k ( a/ronomy--,divisions ( night & day--,education--,paddl+ & canoe+--,swimm+--,fi%+--,hunt+--,blacksm i?+--,! girls le>n$ f>m+--,cook+--,hair-dress+--,mat & saucepan mak+--,*>ms--,taboos--,fir/-fruits--,fir / tee?--,no moral tra9+--,great li>s & ?ieves--,capable ( tru? & hone/y4 ,!re 7 no s*ools to att5d until ! :ite m5 w5t to live 9 _! di/rict2 b ! lads accompani$ _! fa!rs & eld]s & le>n$ by imitation1 by li/5+ to ! talk on ! road1 9 ! canoe & ar\nd ! camp fire1 & by special in/ruction4 ,mo/ lads ( #ad or #ae knew ! names ( ! innum]able fi% 9 _! riv] & creeks1 _! habits1 & ! be/ mode ( cat*+ !m4 ,!y also knew ! names & habitat ( mo/ bu% animals1 ei!r by exp]i5ce or repute2 ! names ( ! birds1 insects1 trees1 plants1 etc41 7 all well kn[n to !m & easily di/+ui%$4 ,! village life 0 s op51 s lack+ 9 privacy1 t almo/ e function ( ! body 0 p]=m$ )\t any attempts at secrecy1 h5ce obs]vant "y eyes drank 9 all t came )9 ! purview ( _! vision1 & boys & girls ( a t5d] age 7 precoci\s 9 _! k ( ^? matt]s :i* are left to a mu* lat] p]iod 9 civiliz$ c\ntries4 ,tattoo+ 0 begun 9 e>lie/ *ildhood by ! p>5ts1 b n m ?an suffici5t to %[ t ! *ild belong$ to ! tribe4 ,lat] on ! boys & girls 7 urg$ to cut _! own tattoos1 & 7 taught to be> ! pa9 un:imp]+ly4 ,i h se5 boys & girls sitt+ by ! riv]'s edge summon+ up ! necess>y c\rage to make ! incisions1 & :5 !y fail$ to d s !y 7 ridicul$ by ! o!rs until at la/ !y w\ld run ! knife1 by ! aid ( a bit ( look+-glass or ! reflection 9 ! riv]1 along ! old l9es 9 ! =ehead4 ,at ! age ( #ah or #bj ! p]son--man or woman--:o wi%$ to be ?\ght fa%ionable w\ld "w away e week or s1 cutt+ ! fle% deep] & putt+ wads 9 ! cuts to cause ! fle% to /& up1 until !y _h a v]itable likwala1 or cock's comb1 :i* w\ld be ! envy ( ^? :o _h n atta9$ to su* a f9e decoration4 ,!re 0 ano!r pa9 !y 7 taught to be> pati5tly1 & t 0 ! *isell+ ( ! upp] incisors to ,v-%ap$ po9ts4 ,"s only _h two cut1 :ile o!rs _h all ! upp] incisors done4 ,?is op]ation 0 suppos$ to improve _! appe>ance4 ,i said once to a native1 8,y\r tee? are l a dog's10 & 8 quick retort 01 8,well1 y\r tee? are l a bat's40 ,i suppose he pref]r$ be+ l a dog1 to hav+ tee? l a bat4 ,!y paid two brass rods = cutt+ ! tee?1 & two brass rods e "t !y bit ! op]ator4 ,! eyela%es also 7 pull$ out z an aid to beauty4 ,!y pick$ up a little a/ronomy f _! eld]s4 ,v5us 0 call$ 8wife ( ! moon02 a %oot+ /> 0 8feti% fire02 a clu/] ( />s 7,pleiades7 0 a 8cr[d ( "y wom502 ! 8,milky ,way0 0 8! road ( floods & dr\ght40 ,bo? on ! ,l[] & ,upp] ,riv] ! natives connect ! 8,milky ,way0 ) ! abundance & sc>city ( ra9s2 !y say t :5 ! 8,milky ,way0 is bright1 cle>1 & well se5 !re w be pl5ty ( ra94 ,?ree bright />s 9 ,orion's belt 7 nam$ ! 8?ree paddl]s02 & ! five />s ne> ea* o!r 9 ,orion 7 reg>d$ z ! 8bundle ( ?und] or lightn+40 ,9 ! con/ellation ,lepus !re is a set ( five />s ?us 39931 & ^! 7 said to resemble a man--! top /> be+ ! head1 ! two l[] />s ! h&s1 & ! two bottom />s ! feet4 ,:5 ?is set ( />s1 call$ kole1 rea*$ ! m]idian ! natives did m plant+ ?an at any o!r season4 ,?is kole 0 s well recogniz$ by ! natives t we us$ ! ^w z an equival5t = our ^w ye>4 ,!re is a leg5d t ! moon 0 once a py?on & made a road = itself on ! e>?4 ,"s adv5tur\s trapp]s1 h[ev]1 sn>$ x1 b on notic+ !re 0 no m moonlight !y let x g1 :]eupon x sprang into ! sky & nev] aga9 return$ to e>?4 ,:5 !re is no moon1 "s say t ! py?on has gone on a long j\rney1 & o!rs t x dies e mon?4 ,!re is mu* %\t+ & ge/iculat+ on ! appe>ance ( a new moon2 & ^? :o h enjoy$ good heal? ask t x may be cont9u$1 & ^? :o h be5 sick ascribe _! compla9t to ! com+ ( ! new moon1 & ask x to take away bad heal? & give !m good heal? 9 its place4 ,"h1 z on ! ,l[] ,congo1 _m believe t ! sun returns f ! we/ to ! ea/ dur+ ! night to be ready to rise 9 ! morn+4 ,!y 7 taught t ! />s 7 a species ( l>ge fire-flies t =m]ly exi/$ on ! e>?1 b h n[ gone into space1 & t ! comets are signs t a great *ief has rec5tly di$4 ,ano!r ?+ necess>y to ! "y ,congo boy 0 to tea* him1 n ! movem5ts ( ! clock's h&s1 b ! cr[+ ( ! cocks1 ! notes ( ! nkuku-mpembe 7"n ( a bird71 & ! movem5ts ( ! sun3 #b a4m4 0 8! ly+ f[l02 #c a4m4 8! ly+ bird0--because !y falsely h]ald$ ! dawn :i* 0 n due until lat]2 #d a4m4 0 8! fir/ f[l02 #d to #e a4m4 8! sun is ne>02 #e4cj to #f a4m4 8! dawn+02 #f a4m4 8! sun is come02 #f4ae to #g a4m4 8! fir/ sun02 #ab noon 8! m]idian02 #f p4m4 8:5 ! f[ls g 910 or 8! sun ent]s02 #aa to #ab p4m4 8"o set ( ribs10 or 8"o side ( a p]son10 & means t ab\t t "t a p]son turns f ly+ on "o side ov] on to ! o!r4 ,= all ^! & _m o!r divisions ( ! day !re 7 special names or phrases4 ,!n !re 0 a sy/em ( c\nt+1 & an elaborate mode ( /at+ numb]s ) ! f+]s#ae :i* ,i mu/ ent] into m fully "u ano!r head+2 suffice x to say t he _h to le>n to c\nt f "o up to t5 ?\s&1 & any am\nt beyond t up to "o hundr$ ?\s& he _h no difficulty 9 express+ aft] he _h once ma/]$ ! sy/em4 ,footnote #ae3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #c1 on ,boloki me?od ( c\nt+4 ,! l5g? ( "t t a *ild rema9$ "u ! tutelage ( 8 fa!r dep5d$ l>gely on ! "* ( bo?1 & ! /r5g? ( w ea* possess$4 ,!re 7 no ba*elor h\ses 9 ! villages1 consequ5tly male & female *ildr5 belong+ to ! same "m 7 br\ght up toge!r 9 h] h\se until su* times z ! boys 7 old en\gh to build a h\se = !mselves1 if !y c>$ s to d4 ,!re 0 no age limit4 ,i h kn[n big lads sleep 9 _! mo!rs' h\ses2 & ,i h "k smalli% lads ( en]gy & initiative comb9e to build a hut = !mselves ( :i* !y 7 v pr\d4 ,f 8 v boyhood ! ,boloki 0 a ke5 trad]4 ,he accompani$ 8 fa!r on all trad+ j\rneys z soon z he 0 able to beat "t ) a /ick 9 ! b[s ( ! canoe1 or h&le a paddle4 ,9 ! village he le>n$ ! value ( diff]5t articles1 & no?+ delight$ him m ?an ex*ang+ :at he did n want = some?+ t he ne$$4 ,:ile 8 fa!r 0 b>t]+ he w\ld eag]ly li/51 & ?us le>n h[ to praise 8 own goods1 & disp>age 9 depreciatory t]ms ! articles :i* he desir$ to pur*ase1 s z to l[] _! prices4 ,be=e an article c\ld be ex*ang$ ) pr(it to himself he _h _m ?+s to le>n--! fir/ co/ ( ! article1 ! "t sp5t 9 hawk+ x1 ! paym5t & keep ( ^? :o help$ to paddle him f place to place 9 se>* ( a buy]--or he w\ld f9d himself poor] at ! end ( 8 trad+ exp$ition ?an he 0 at ! beg9n+4 ,?is 0 no small "p ( ! lad's education4 ,! boy1 z a "p ( 8 tra9+1 _h to le>n to h&le 8 paddle ) agility1 gracefulness1 & accuracy4 ,!re 7 clumsy paddl]s :o 7 ! butt ( _! companions' ridicule1 b !re 7 o!rs :o s swung _! paddles z to excite ! admiration ( ! onlook]s4 ,z a *ild 8 fa!r gave him a toy paddle & taught him h[ to back-wat]1 to /e]1 & to move 8 paddle 9 unison ) o!rs4 ,nor 0 ?is all1 = !re 7 ov] fifty words & phrases he _h to le>n deal+ ) canoe+4 ,!re 7 ! words = canoes ( diff]5t sizes & %apes1 f ! l>ge canoe t w\ld take fifty paddles & a heavy c>go to ! %all[ m>% canoe t w\ld skim ov] ! surface ( a six-in* pool4 ,!re 7 ! names = ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! canoe--/]n1 b[s1 middle1 sides1 etc42 = bea*+1 laun*+1 /e]+1 turn+ %>p r\nd corn]s1 or guid+ ! canoe to a l&+-place4 ,!re 7 names = a pat* on a canoe1 = ! usable "p ( a brok5 canoe1 = ! haft & blade ( 8 paddle1 & = _! v>i\s sizes4 ,^! & _m o!r ?+s ab\t canoes he _h to "k be=e 8 education 0 complet$4 ,! ,boloki boys1 liv+ ne> ! riv] z !y did1 le>n$ to be good swimm]s4 ,!y />t$ swimm+ at s e>ly an age t !y reg>d$ x z a natural action z mu* z walk+4 ,canoes 7 (t5 upset 9 ! /orms or turn$ ov] by a hippopotamus1 !re=e x 0 necess>y = a lad to "k h[ to save himself4 ,! h&-ov]-h& /roke 0 mo/ common1 & !y kick$ out ) ! legs4 ,!y trod ! wat] v well2 b !y always div$ feet fir/1 nev] head fir/4 ,:5 a canoe 0 upset !y 7 v dext]\s 9 turn+ x ov]1 bail+ x out1 putt+ _! possessions 7su* z 7 float+7 back into ! canoe1 cat*+ _! paddles1 & !n climb+ into _! frail canoe aga9 )\t upsett+ x4 ,?is ,i h se5 !m d repeat$ly1 & (t5 s5t out a canoe to help !m1 b be=e x arriv$ !y w\ld be sitt+ 9 _! canoe smil+4 ,! girls le>n$ bo? to swim & paddle2 b ! same skill 9 ei!r accompli%m5t 0 n expect$ ( !m z ( ! boys4 ,! boys w5t ) _! fa!rs on fi%+ & hunt+ exp$itions4 ,!y 7 taught h[ to make ! v>i\s fi%-traps & nets1 & ! be/ places to put !m 9 ! riv]1 creeks1 or pools1 & also h[ to bait & ca/ ! hook4 ,!re 7 curi\s k9ds ( traps to make t w\ld all[ ! fi% to ent]1 b rigidly b> _! exit2 long fi%-f5ces = clos+ up ! m\?s ( creeks1 or run = =ty y>ds by ! riv] bank2 nets to be wov51 :i* :5 ca/ ) ! "r sort ( twi/ w\ld entangle ! unw>y fi%4 ,!y _h to le>n to wat* ! riv] = ! be/ "t = sett+ ! traps & fix+ ! f5ces4 ,!y _h to rememb] to address _! fa!r & ! o!r fi%]m5 z ,mwele1#af = if ! wat]-spirits he>d _! prop] names !y w\ld turn aside ! fi% f ! nets1 & !y w\ld h ill-luck 9 _! exp$ition4 ,!re 7 ! names ( a score ( traps1 nets1 & modes ( fi%+ to keep 9 m9d4 ,footnote #af3 ,?is "n is giv5 to all fi%]m5 :ile fi%+1 & j z !y leave ! riv] ) _! cat*1 or bad luck w foll[4 ,9 hunt+ !re 0 mu* k to be ga9$1 = n only 7 ! habits ( ! diff]5t animals to be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 b also ! prop] *>ms to be us$1 & ! necess>y c]emonies to be obs]v$ to c\nt]act ! adv]se influ5ces ( ! bu%-spirits :o 7 always on ! pr[l to r5d] _! hunt+ futile4 ,= hippopotami1 elephants1 & antelopes1 spr+-traps 7 made & plac$ 9 ! prop] tracks4 ,occasionally holes 7 dug & %>p5$ /icks & iron prongs 7 fix$ upright 9 !m1 & !n ! holes 7 cov]$ v lightly ) /icks1 leaves1 etc4 7,i (t5 %udd]1 ev5 n[ aft] _m ye>s1 at ! n>r[ escape ,i once _h :ile hunt+ f fall+ into "o ( ^! traps47 ,= hunt+ crocodiles & bu%-pigs spe>s 7 mo/ commonly us$1 & ! lads le>n$ to ?r[ !m ) =ce & accuracy4 ,i h se5 lads /& at a di/ance ( f #fj to #hj feet & put spe> aft] spe>1 ) great precision1 into an upright planta9 /alk n m ?an #e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,if ! lad _h a blacksmi? or a wit*-doctor z a relative1 !n ^! pr(essions 7 op5$ to him4 ,! =m] comm&$ respect because ( 8 skill & usefulness2 b ! pr(ession ( ! latt] 0 n only v lucrative1 b ga9$ ! respectful fe> ( ! p1 = did he n control ^? evil spirits t 7 always tr\bl+ ! folk8 ,& aga91 a wit*-doctor 0 nev] *>g$ ) wit*craft1 h5ce ! lad w\ld "k 9 le>n+ ! tricks ( t trade he w\ld nev] h to und]go ! ordeal1 & might1 if he 7 cunn+ en\gh1 live on ! be/ ( ! l&4 ,! girl 9 ! c\rse ( h] education w5t z a *ild ) h] "m to ! f>m1 & ) h] small hoe help$ h] "m to we$1 & z %e grew old] %e w\ld hoe & plant4 ,!re 7 ! v>i\s k9ds ( cassava to le>n1 & _! *>act]i/ics & appe>ances2 ! be/ "t ( ! ye> = plant+ accord+ to ! position ( ! kole 9 ! sky1 & ! be/ sort ( soil1 & :5 x 0 unpr(itable to plant an old f>m1 & bett] to />t a new "o4 ,! girl _h also to le>n ! sundry ways ( cook+ cassava--= !re 7 sev]al--all entail+ mu* "t & ?\ght4 ,! modes ( boil+1 /eam+1 grill+1 smok+1 or bak+ fi% & meats4 ,%e _h to become exp]t 9 mak+ up ta/y messes ) leaves & palm-oil1 cat]pill>s1 palm maggots1 etc4 ,%e %\ld "k h[ to %ave ! head1 comb out & plait hair1 massage ! sk91 & decorate ! face & body ) v>i\s pigm5ts & camwood p[d]1 = ^! w\ld be expect$ ( h] by h] future husb&4 ,%e _h to le>n to make h] own dresses f palm-frond fibre1 & if %e desir$ to be 8*ic10 !n %e mu/ dye !m to ! fa%ionable col\r4 ,if %e want$ extra pocket-money1 !n %e might ma/] ! my/]ies ( papyrus mat1 & saucepan mak+1 or ev5 turn h] h& to ! art ( basket-mak+4 ,! m %e knew ( ^! v>i\s accompli%m5ts ! bett] *ance %e _h ( secur+ ! man %e want$ = a husb&4 ,:at a mass ( in=mation ! girl collect$ ab\t feti%es1 *>ms1 & m$ic9e m56 ,! prop] *>ms to protect h] f>m produce1 to w>d (f ! evil eye f ca/+ bad luck on h] f>m+2 ! "r *>ms to keep h] 9 good heal?1 & r5d] h] attractive to ! village lads4 ,%e _h to /ore h] m9d ) a k ( ! be/ *>ms to use to allure h] lov] to h] side1 to pres]ve h] dur+ pregnancy1 to w>d (f sickness f h] *ild1 to reta9 h] position z ! fav\rite wife1 & to keep away ^? _m evil spirits t seem$ to hem h] 9 on e side4 ,bo? boys & girls _h to rememb] ! family totems1 & ! family & p]sonal taboos2 :at !y %\ld d & eat1 & :at x 0 necess>y = !m to avoid do+ & eat+4 ,!n !re 7 ! fir/-fruits ( ! fi% !y caught1 ! animals !y kill$1 ! foods !y plant$1 & ! v>i\s articles !y made :i* _h to be giv5 to _! p>5ts or ne>e/ relatives1 o!rwise bad luck w\ld foll[ !m4 ,! fir/ tee? t came out _h to be c>efully hidd51 = if !y 7 f\nd by anyone no o!r tee? w\ld come 9 _! place4 ,al?\gh !re 0 mu* physical tra9+ to make !m effici5t 9 hunt+1 fi%+1 f>m+1 etc41 & mu* m5tal tra9+ to ga9 a full k ( all t boys & girls %\ld "k1 yet !re 0 no moral tra9+4 ,f e>ly age to pub]ty boys & girls _h free access to ea* o!r4 ,public reprobation 0 only visit$ ^u ^? :o committ$ a wrong s clumsily z to be f\nd out4 ,i h he>d !m speak admir+ly ( "o :o1 :ile work+ = a :ite man1 robb$ him s clev]ly z n to be discov]$1 & su* a "o w\ld br+ back to 8 t[n ! proce$s ( 8 robb]y & boa/fully describe h[ he committ$ x2 on ! o!r h&1 ,i h he>d !m call ! unsuccessful ?ief a 8fool10 n bad nor wick$1 b elema /upid1 fool1 etc4 ,we c\ld n discov] any words = virtu\s or vici\s2 a p]son ei!r _h 8good ways0 or 8bad ways10 b ^! ref]r$ m to ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( rud5ess1 disrespect to sup]iors1 or gre$9ess1 ?an to any moral or immoral qualities4 ,= ly+ & /eal+ a *ild 0 n puni%$ unless ! lie or ! !ft inconv5i5c$ ! p>5t 9 "s way4 ,z a result ( ! lack ( any moral tra9+ :ile "y we f\nd bo? m5 & wom5 mo/ unblu%+ li>s & ?ieves4 ,i h se5 ! tail ( a fi% /ick+ out ( a man's clo?1 & he assev]at+ ) _m oa?s t he _h nei!r t\*$ nor se5 ! fi%1 until ! fi%]man :o _h be5 robb$ po9t$ to ! fi%-tail /ick+ out well 9 view beyond ! ?ief's clo?2 & :5 convict$ he laugh+ly said1 8,i don't "k h[ ! fi% got !re40 ,yet !y 7 capable ( tell+ ! tru? & be+ hone/1 z ,i discov]$ lat]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,x ,,native ,,games ,,& ,,pa/imes ,dolls--,make-believe games--,mimic w>--,model ( /eam]s--,game ( h&-?ru/+--,hockey--,:eel game--,flipp+ arr[s--,lip-suck+ game--,ball game--8,tip-x0--,game ) palm nuts--,african backgammon--,gambl+ game--,teetotums--,hoop game--,cat's cradle--,wat] games--,spe>-?r[+--,bull-ro>]s--,imitat+ movem5ts ( animals4 ,!re are n _m games1 b su* z !re are tra9 ! eye 9 quickness1 ! h& 9 precision1 & ! body 9 agility4 ,"s little girls take pieces ( /ick or cassava roots to repres5t dolls1 or1 z !y call !m1 bana babies1 & ty+ !m on _! backs ) an old rag !y play ) !m z su*4 ,an ,engli% doll is too uncanny1 too mu* l a human1 = !m to play )2 !y d n und]/& x1 & put x away1 or _! eld]s take x away & sell x z a p[]ful feti%4 ,p>5ts fond ( _! *ildr5 make small paddles1 baskets1 & hoes 9 imitation ( _! own1 & ! y\ng/]s play ) !m :5 !y accompany _! mo!rs to ! f>ms1 or _! fa!rs 9 ! canoes4 ,toy hoes & baskets are giv5 to girls only1 toy fi%-traps to boys2 b toy paddles to bo? boys & girls4 ,! boys ( ! village plait basket-"w %ields ab\t #c feet long & #h in*es wide1 & ) /\t wat]-grass & "y planta9 /alks z spe>s & clubs1 & imitation wood5 knives 9 _! belts1 !y take sides 9 a great %am fight1 & amid mu* laught] & good hum\r a mimic battle is wag$ until "o side is driv5 f ! field--! village /reet4 ,su* 8fights0 are int]e/+ to wat*1 = ! movem5ts ( ! m ?an half-nak$ bodies are swift1 precise1 & graceful1 & und\bt$ly help to keep !m 9 good =m2 & ! accuracy ) :i* !y hurl _! imitation spe>s is a f9e display ( dext]ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,,native ,,c>p5t] ,,& ,,8 ,,work%op ,?is "y man is only "o ( sev]al exp]t c>p5t]s tra9$ on our ,monsembe /ations4 ,besides mimic w>1 ! y\ng/]s h _! make-believe games ( m>ket+1 cook+1 fea/+1 & h\sekeep+4 ,! m exp]t among ! lads make toy /eam]s 9 imitation ( ^? runn+ on ! riv]2 & x is int]e/+ to see two lads approa*+ f opposite directions pull+ _! 8/eam]s0 beh9d !m4 ,z !y pass ea* o!r !y :i/le ?ree times z a salute to "o ano!r1 !n comes a long :i/le z a sign to /op1 & ! 8/eam]s0 are suppos$ to /op at a bea*1 & ! two boys1 :o are act+ z capta9s & we>+ any old hat !y c f9d = ! occasion1 approa* ea* o!r1 raise _! hats1 b[1 %ake h&s1 & !n jabb] = a few mom5ts 9 bits ( ,fr5* & any ( _! own syllables t s\nd to !m l ,fr5*2 !n come ! c]emonies ( p>t+1 & ! :i/l+ ( a pret5d$ f>ewell f ! 8/eam]s10 & ! %u6 %u6 %u6 ( ! work+ eng9es4 ,! lad pull+ ! /eam] is eng9e1 :i/le1 pilot1 /e]sman1 & capta9 all comb9$1 & seems to enjoy x4 ,! be/ model has ! l>ge/ cr[d ( foll[]s aft] x4 ,^! boys are spl5did actors1 & ! :ole sc5e j enact$ is a f9e1 humor\s imitation ( ! actions ( ,/ate /eam]s & capta9s meet+ on our bea*4 ,a hat is z necess>y almo/ z ! 8/eam]10 = x has to be tak5 (f :5 ! b[ is made1 & if a boy does n possess a hat1 or _c borr[ "o1 he w make a good imitation ( a helmet or a /raw hat out ( papyrus pi? & planta9 leaves4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! games#ag play$ among ! ,boloki boys & girls3 ,footnote #ag3 ,= ,l[] ,congo games ,i w\ld ref] ! read] to ,folk ,lore1 ,vol4 ,,xx1 #aiji1 p4 #deg1 :]e ! writ] has giv5 a full description ( !m4 #a4 ,ndangu1 h&-mat*+ game4 7,l[] ,congo ta mbele is slightly diff]5t47 ,! play]s =m two l9es 7mab5ge7 fac+ ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ play] ,a faces ! fir/ ( ! opposition l9e ,b2 ,a ?r[s up bo? h&s & br+s !m d[n ) a clap 7esaku71 & !n d>ts out "o h&4 ,b does ! same--claps 8 answ]s 7tambola71 & if ,b's h& meets ,a's h&1 ,a is w\nd$ 7ajwe mpota71 & if ,a receives ?ree w\nds 7mpota iatu7 he dies 7awe74 ,t is to say t if ,b is quick en\gh1 or lucky en\gh1 to ?r[ out a h& to meet ,a's ?ru/1 !n in/ead ( be+ w\nd$ he w\nds ,a1 & ?ree w\nds c\nt a dea?--,a goes to ! bottom ( 8 own l9e4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! h&s d n meet1 !n ,b is w\nd$ & ,a passes on to ! next1 & ! next1 until he w\nds all 9 ,b's l9e or is himself kill$2 if he is kill$1 !n ! next boy to ,a tries until he is ei!r 8kill$0 or has be5 d[n ,b's l9e4 ,^? :o are 8dead0 /& at ! bottom ( _! l9e4 ,aft] all ! 8m50 9 ,a's l9e h play$1 ,b's l9e />ts1 & %\ld he lose any 8m50 !y are r$eem$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,a's l9e lo/1 say1 five1 & ,b's l9e lo/1 say1 f\r1 ,a c\nts f\r ( 8 five z r$eem$1 & ,b c\nts 8 f\r z r$eem$1 ?us ov] ! fir/ b\t ,b has lo/ none1 & ,a has lo/ "o 8man40 ,! game proce$s until all on "o side are kill$4 ,! %>pe/ play]s /& at ! top ( ! l9e1 & are mu* admir$ = _! pr[ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,,model ,,( ,a ,,/ate ,,/eam] ,! lads hold+ ! model made x out ( bamboo1 papyrus pi?1 & ! potato-l sub/ance ( ! planta9 root4 ,! lads delight to pull ^! toy /eam]s ?r\gh ! villages & imitate ! :ite capta9s1 ) _! make-believe salutes1 etc4 #b4 ,ta mbali1 or hockey 7,l[] ,congo ta mbadi71 is probably a rec5t introduction by /eam] lads f ! ,l[] ,congo1 z ! ,monsembe boys _h no op5 spaces = su* a game until !y play$ on ! cle>$ op5+ 9 front ( our /ation4 ,i f\nd hockey play$ mo/ vigor\sly at ,san ,salvador du ,congo :5 ,i arriv$ !re 9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahhb4 #c4 ,nkeka1 or :eel4 ,! potato-l sub/ance ( ! planta9 root is cut into a :eel1 & ! play]s arm !mselves ) long1 %>p5$ spl9t]s 7mb5ge7 ( bamboos2 !y divide !mselves into two p>ties1 :i* place !mselves at ab\t #cj or #dj y>ds f ea* o!r4 ,p>ty ,a ?r[s ! :eel 7kula nkeka7 along ! gr\nd t[>ds p>ty ,b at ! o!r end 7nsuku71 & z ! :eel rolls t[>ds !m ! boys ( ,b ?r[ _! spl9t]s at x1 & if all miss1 side ,a *ants3 8,?ud1 ?ud1 ?ud1 bad m>ksm51 die l a gazelle0 7,ju1 ju1 ju1 bamai babi1 bawa na npambi72 if "s miss & "s hit1 ^? :o hit s+3 8,we h hit ! :eel "r ?r\gh ! rim0--! mo/ fatal "p 7,yeke1 yeke1 nakeke na nd5de na mimpesa72 if two hit !y say1 8,bro!rs truly0 7,jimi be72 if !y all hit !y s+1 8,x is absolutely lo/ & done =10 i4e4 ,x is no good look+ = slaves f ?is side 7,mampasa malambasana74 ,to w93 ,%\ld ,b p>ty hit ! :eel ) ?ree spl9t]s1 !n ?ree ( ,a p>ty become slaves1 i4e4 !y /& out ( ! game until !y are r$eem$2 b if on ! return ( ! :eel to ,a p>ty t p>ty hits x ) f\r spl9t]s1 !y !reby r$eem _! ?ree slaves & place "o ( ! o!r side 9 slav]y4 ,?is cont9ues until "o side is 9 total slav]y4 ,! game excites great en?usiasm1 & enc\rages precision 9 ?r[+4 #d4 ,ng5za4 ,a game 9 :i* small bamboo arr[s are flipp$ at ! fle%y mid-rib ( ! planta9 leaf4 ,sides are tak51 & ! side ) ! be/ m>ksm5 w9s4 #e4 ,epapunga4 ,!y make a suck+ noise ) ! l[] lip inside ! upp]1 & ! "o n able to d x 9 unison ) ! o!rs 7lembwaka lokela7 is 8kill$10 i4e4 drops out until all are kill$ except ! la/1 :o becomes ! w9n]4 #f4 ,ntamba4 ,a k9d ( ball game4 ,a ball 7l+5du7 ( leaves is made & ?r[n up1 & is kept 9 ! air by beat+ x ) ! palms ( ! h&s4 #g4 ,nkulu-nkulu4 ,two l9es ( boys sit on ! gr\nd opposite ea* o!r2 ! fir/ lad ( ea* l9e is call$ moloi 7husb&71 ! re/ are call$ bali 7wives74 ,ea* wife on ! play+ side int]laces h] f+]s1 ?us =m+ a holl[ ) ! palms ( h] h&s4 ,! 8husb&0 takes a small article &1 pass+ 8 h& rapidly up & d[n ! l9e ( h&s1 he drops ! article into "o ( ! ar*$ h&s4 ,! opposition has n[ to discov] :o has ! article1 & ! foll[+ conv]sation takes place4 ,opposition says3 8,ban+a-ban+a0 7,y play]s74 ,play]s3 8,eh60 ,opp43 8,bankutu b5gi0 7"n ( "s leaves74 ,pls43 8,eh60 ,opp43 8,ba nyango ya bilulu0 7,!y are bitt] leaves74 ,pls43 8,eh60 ,opp43 8,obe na nkulu1 abete mungita0 7,he :o has ! article make ! s\nd ( ?und]74 ,pls43 8,kilil60 7imitation ( roll+ ?und]74 ,opp43 8,bakunguika0 7,make x aga974 ,pls43 8,kilil60 ,opp43 8,motu yona0 7,t p]son74 ,if ! p]son ?us po9t$ out is ! hid] ( ! article1 he %[s x1 & 8 side loses1 & ! opposition side takes its turn2 if1 h[ev]1 he has n ! article1 !n ! "o :o has x says1 8,eh6 nabuti mwana0 7,oh6 ,i h giv5 bir? to a *ild71 & %[s ! article4 ,x !n c\nts "o game to !m1 & is call$ mwana wawi "o *ild4 #h4 ,liba4 ,a game ) palm nuts 7& ?is v (t5 prec$es peke1 or backgammon74 ,9 liba !y ?r[ up a palm nut1 & !n be=e x falls !y swoop up ) ! "r h& z _m palm nuts z !y c1 & put !m d[n to cat* ! desc5d+ nut be=e x t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,! "o :o picks up mo/ 9 an agre$ numb] ( ?r[s w9s ! game4 #i4 ,peke 7k9d ( mancala1 or ,african backgammon74 ,a numb] ( holes are made 9 a circle on ! gr\nd1 & ! play]s ei!r take z _m palm nuts z !y c 9 s _m h&fuls1 or procure !m z 9 liba 7see game #h72 !n !y put "o nut into ea* hole1 & ! "o ^: nuts pass ! holes ( ! o!r's1 w9s2 if 8 nuts fall %ort ( ! o!r's1 he loses4 ,! game is v complicat$1 & its rules little und]/ood by any ,european4 #aj4 ,lobesi1 or ! game ( pit*-&-toss ) six c\nt]s4 ,! c\nt]s are call$ mbesi2 ! light side ( ! c\nt] is nke1 ! d>k side is mpili4 ,! /akes 7libeta7 are tak5 up :5 ! c\nt]s 9 ?ree ?r[s ei!r fall d>k side up 7mpili71 or light side up 7nke71 or ?ree ( ea* 7miu matu ?ree eyes74 ,! p]son putt+ d[n ! /akes is mobeti wa libeta1 ! place ( play+ is ekali1 & ! turn to play is ngala1 & pula is to dem& a second set ( ?r[s ) ! mbesi4 ,9 ?is game !re is always a l>ge am\nt ( gambl+ = brass rods & any?+ else ( value1 9 fact1 slaves are sometimes /ak$ on ! ?r[4 ,i nev] knew x to be play$ except = gambl+ purposes4 #aa4 ,nsoko4 ,9 ?is game x is necess>y to make a table 7juku7 ( f\r l5g?s ( planta9 /alks1 two #c feet long1 & two #b feet long1 & ^! are s plac$ z to make an oblong1 & ! space is fill$ ) e>? or s& 9 a concave %ape1 & on ?is concave b$ "s pieces ( planta9 leaves are smoo?ly spread4 ,! teetotums are made f ! l>ge ,calab> 7nsoko1 h5ce ! "n ( ! game7 beans4 ,a hole is bor$ ?r\gh ! middle ( ea* bean1 & ?r\gh ! hole is pu%$ a spl9t] ( wood to =m a peg 94 long on ! "u side1 & ab\t #c in*es on ! upp]4 ,?is is call$ ! mund9di4 ,! juku & ! nsoko be+ prep>$1 ! play]s1 z _m z c sit at ! table1 take _! places1 & "o hav+ tak5 ! mund9di betwe5 ! ext5d$ palms ( 8 h&s1 he rubs x to & fro to give x mom5tum1 & !n he drops ! teetotum on ! table1 :]e x sp9s rapidly4 ,9 ! meantime ano!r has done ! same1 & on ! two revolv+ tops collid+1 "o is knock$ out & becomes ! prop]ty ( ! "o ^: teetotum is left on ! 8bo>d40 ,if bo? are knock$ out !y beg9 aga94 ,if "o teetotum holds ! 8bo>d0 = a r\nd1 ! own] ( x is monzo 7! be/ sp9n]74 ,he :o procures ! mo/ tops belong+ to ! o!rs is ! w9n]4 #ab4 ,molangu 7hoop74 ,! lads take sides1 ea* side hav+ a t[n 7mboka7 ab\t #cj y>ds ap>t2 & ea* lad has a piece ( /r+ f #f to #h feet long weight$ at ! ends4 ,all be+ ready ! hoop is roll$ along f t[n ,a t[>ds t[n ,b1 & z x approa*es a lad /eps out & ?r[s "o end ( 8 /r+ at ! hoop1 & lets ! /r+ run freely f 8 h&4 ,8 object is to entangle 8 /r+ ab\t ! hoop4 ,:5 ! hoop /ops & falls1 he goes & picks up "o end ( 8 /r+ & sw+s ! hoop r\nd 8 head z he takes x back to ! ?r[+ side ,a4 ,if he succe$s he has repuls$ ! enemy1 & x c\nts z "o game to 8 side4 ,if he misses ! hoop1 !n ! enemy has ent]$ 8 t[n1 & x is reckon$ z "o game to ! t[n ,a1 & ! t[n ,b has to roll ! hoop t[>ds _! oppon5ts4 ,if ! hoop happ5s to come (f ! /r+ :ile be+ twirl$1 !n ! side ( ! twirl] loses1 & he has to take ! hoop back to 8 own t[n & ?r[ x to ! t[n ( ! enemy4 ,ea* lad /eps out 9 turn = a ?r[ ( ! hoop1 & = a ?r[ at ! hoop4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( - ,pr(4 ,f4 ,,/>r4 ,?is ,design is call$ ,s&uku1 or ,box4 #ac4 ,nka1 or cat's cradle1 is well kn[n to ! lads & lasses1 & _m an h\r is sp5t 9 work+ out ! diff]5t designs on _! f+]s & toes4 ,! foll[+ are ! names ( a few patt]ns3 7#a7 ,moleki na nkusu1 sn>e = a p>rot1 because ( its simil>ity to a sn>e2 7#b7 ,mwana muntaka1 girl1 because ( its l>ge1 oval %ape2 7#c7 ,mwana lele1 boy1 because x has a small wai/2 7#d7 ,julututu1 spid]2 7#e7 ,nkungu1 a triangul> patt]n4 ,!re is a v l>ge numb] ( designs1 b "s *ildr5 are m exp]t ?an o!rs 9 =m+ !m accurately & easily4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( - ,pr(4 ,f4 ,,/>r4 ,?is ,design is nam$ ,ndako1 or ,h\se4 ,if ! picture is turn$ upside d[n ! ,pit* ( ! ,ro( w be cle>ly se51 ! ,ridge-pole & ,wall-plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,pr(4 ,f4 ,,/>r4 ,call$ by ! ,natives3 ,n>r[ ,roads ?r\gh ! ,f>ms4 #ad4 ,nsau ya mai1 or wat] games1 ( :i* ! foll[+ ?ree are specim5s3 7#a7 ,nkoli 7crocodile74 ,an active boy repres5ts a crocodile1 & div+ b5ea? ! wat] tries to cat* ! feet ( 8 comrades1 & o!rs try to capture him4 ,if !y succe$ 9 s do+ !y !reupon pret5d to kill him & cut him up2 b if he cat*es a playmate !y ex*ange places4 7#b7 ,tasana 7to f9d "o ano!r74 ,"o dives & rema9s quiet "u ! wat]1 :ile ano!r se>*es = him4 7#c7 ,munteko 7game ( t\* 9 ! wat]74 ,if "o lad fails to cat* or t\* ano!r1 ! o!rs s+1 8,ot5da t5daka yau nzala ya nkabu0 7,y w n gr[1 y eat gre$ily1 b are always hungry74 ,! boy becomes angry at ?is taunt1 & r5ews 8 ef=ts to cat* "o ( !m4 ,! ,boloki are good swimm]s1 great div]s1 & c rema9 "u ! wat] = a long "t2 & und\bt$ly ^! wat] games help !m to become s mu* at home 9 ! riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,,gr\p ,,( ,,lib9za ,,folk ,^! m5 are hav+ a small dr9k+-b\t & a little music4 ,! b& consi/s ( "o drum1 "o trumpet1 & "o iron gong play$ by ! man at ! end ( ! r[4 ,! eld] lads (t5 br\ght out _! ?91 well-balanc$ fight+ spe>s1 & hav+ select$ a gr[+ planta9 ) a /alk ab\t #e in*es 9 diamet]1 !y w\ld /& f #fj to #hj feet away & laun* _! spe>s 9 turn at ! /alk4 ,i h se5 !m pi]ce ! /alk "r ?r\gh aga9 & aga94 ,i h tri$ spe>-?r[+1 & x is n s easy z x looks4 ,!re is a knack 9 hold+ ! spe>-haft well d[n across ! palm ( ! h&1 s t ! :ole =ce ( ! arm is convey$ to ! spe>4 ,! lads1 :5 !y saw my poor attempts at spe>-?r[+1 us$ to say laugh+ly to me1 8,ah1 :ite man1 if y w\ld fight u ) spe>s1 & n ) guns1 we w\ld soon wipe y out40 ,bull-ro>]s are kn[n & made2 b ! eld]s d n l ! lads to play ) !m1 & give z _! reason3 8,y are call+ ! leop>ds40 ,?is is because ! :irl ( ! bamboo makes a s\nd l ! gr[l+ ( a leop>d4 ,! "y girls h an int]e/+ little dance 9 :i* !y =m a circle ar\nd "o ( _! numb]1 :o is on all f\rs 9 ! c5tre4 ,z ! girls 9 ! r+ s+ ab\t ! diff]5t animals1 z ! leop>d1 ! hippopotamus1 ! crocodile1 ! elephant1 etc41 ! girl 9 ! middle imitates ! movem5ts ( ! animal1 & %e receives praise or ridicule accord+ to h] ability to imitate ! movem5ts accurately4 ,! m5 & wom5 take v little "p 9 any ( ^! games 7except ! m5 at lobesi71 b !y monopolize a l>ge %>e 9 all ! dances1 & 9 mo/ ( ! dances ! sexes are mix$4 ,wre/l+ ( a r\gh-&-ready k9d is indulg$ 9 by ! lads2 & r\nd ! fires ( an ev5+ /ories are told ) dramatic p[]1 & conundrums are prop\nd$ & answ]$4 ,al?\gh ,congo is practically a toyless l&1 & s f> z ! adults are conc]n$ ! *ildr5 are n cat]$ =1 yet f _! l\d laught] ! "y folk seem to extract a great am\nt ( pleasure out ( life4 ,! boys delight 9 talk+ a slang language ( _! own manufacture1 :i* is call$ jimu4 ,!y select a syllable1 say 8sa10 & ins]t x betwe5 ! syllables ( ! words !y use1 s mboka village becomes mbo-sa-ka vil-sa-lage4 ,!y acquire great glibness 9 ?is k9d ( talk1 & enjoy ! fun t x br+s 9 my/ify+ o!rs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xi ,a ,,page ,,( ,,native ,,hi/ory ,a great inl& sea--,! ,boloki & ,bantus--,! ,boloki man--,a native retort--,mean+ ( ,bangala--,movem5ts ( tribes--,murd] ( ,boloki *ief--,refuge 9 a tree--,boloki raid+--,a fam\s *ief--,comets an evid5ce ( greatness--,tribal m>ks & mean+4 ,!re is mu* evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! !ory t ! l[-ly+ c\ntry ( ! ,congo bas9 0 once ! bottom ( a great inl& sea1 ) "h & !re ! highe/ po9ts ( l& re>+ _! heads above ! wat]1 & ?us =m+ num]\s isl&s4 ,! pressure & ru% ( wat] gradually wore d[n ! b>ri]s made by ! ridge ( rocks runn+ across ! riv] at ,k9tamo1 & n[ =m+ ! ,k9tamo ,falls1 ?us dra9+ ! c\ntry & r5d]+ x habitable4 ,!n came ano!r silt+ up1 & ! l[] levels ( ! c\ntry1 t _h be5 cov]$ 9 ! meantime by trees & grass1 7 aga9 flood$1 & heavy deposits ( clay 7 dropp$ on to & press$ d[n ! vegetable gr[?4 ,:5 ! riv] 0 extremely l[ "o ye> 9 ! ,monsembe di/rict1 ,i notic$ = _m miles a /ratum ( vegetable matt]1 ab\t ?ree in*es ?ick1 ) "h & !re a tree ( six in*es diamet]1 a good elev5 feet bel[ ! top ( ! bank4 ,?is vegetable lay] 0 n fossiliz$1 b 0 extremely h>d1 & ?\gh ( a blacki% br[n col\r1 e ve9 9 ! leaves1 & e l9e 9 ! grass1 0 cle> & p]fect4 ,x is highly probable t z ! ,congo bas9 0 dra9$ ! ,bantus press$ d[n f _! nor!rn homes2 & ! ,boloki tribe = great] security1 p]haps1 took possession ( ! ,lib9za ,lake1 & enl>g$ ! islets !y f\nd !re into places l>ge en\gh to hold "o1 two1 or m families4 ,! ,boloki tribe belongs to ! great ,bantu race t /ret*es f #f nor? ( ! ,equator to ,cape ,t[n1 & f ! ea/ to ! we/ coa/4 ,! ,bantus rea* a high] latitude on ! we/]n ?an on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,african cont95t1 & "h & !re we f9d dott$ ov] ?is va/ tract ( c\ntry small tribes--l ! ,hott5tots1 ! ,bu%m51 ! ,pigmies1 etc4--t are remnants probably ( ! aborig9es ( ! c\ntry4 ,^! portions ( tribes1 speak+ o!r ?an ,bantu dialects1 h n be5 absorb$1 = geographical & o!r reasons1 by _! m civiliz$ ,bantu neighb\rs dur+ ! progress ( _m g5]ations2 b are !re to-day l s _m isolat$ pages ( primitive hi/ory4 ,! ,boloki man is above ! av]age height1 ( /urdy frame1 well-develop$ limbs1 & spl5didly proportion$ body4 ,:5 necessity has dem&$ x1 he has paddl$ me = fifte5 h\rs ) only "o %ort int]val = food2 b 8on ! road0 he is n a good walk]1 = he f9ds 8 rations too heavy a burd51 mu* m a #gj-lb4 load su* z ! ,l[] ,congo man c>ries ) a light he>t & /ep = _m days4 ,9 ! canoe ! ,boloki sw+s 8 paddle ) mu* grace1 & if a drum is beat51 or a song is sung1 ! l9e ( tw5ty paddl]s w dip1 b5d1 & raise _! paddles 9 p]fect "t to ! rhy?m ( ! drum1 or ! lilt ( ! song4 ,! ,boloki man is sociable & ( a k9dly disposition1 b liable to fits ( uncontrollable passion1 & is !n capable ( great cruelty4 ,he is fond ( a laugh1 enjoys a good joke1 & appreciates a rep>tee1 :i* he gives & takes 9 good hum\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,g4 ,e4 ,moore ,,mangw5de--,a ,,typical ,,boloki ,,head-,,man ,runn+ up ! =ehead w be se5 ! cock's-comb tribal m>k1 above :i* is ! plait ( hair worn by ! bett]-class m51 & on ! temple ! palm-leaf m>k4 ,we make m ?an ?ree hundr$ d9n]s a ye> (f f[ls--!y are v *eap1 & are ! mo/ regul> =m ( fre% meat t we c procure4 ,speak+ ) a native "o day1 ,i laugh+ly twitt$ him ) ! sc>city ( f[ls & ! difficulty ( buy+ any 9 8 village4 ,he at once retort$3 8,:ite man1 if all ! f[ls y h eat5 f our village 7 to cackle & cr[ simultane\sly 9 y\r /oma*1 !re w\ld be a trem5d\s noise40 ,& z he spoke !re 0 a good hum\r$ tw9kle 9 8 eye z he conjur$ up ! noisy sc5e4 ,=m]ly ! t]m ,bangala 0 appli$ only to ^? natives :o liv$ at ,diboko 7,n\velles ,anv]s71 & = =ty or fifty miles up & d[n ! riv] on ei!r side ( !m2 b 9 a "w publi%$ 9 ,brussels call$ ,les ,bangalas1#ah ! t]m ,bangala is made to cov] an area rea*+ f> ea/ ( ,bopoto1 we/ ( ,equatorville1 nor? ( ! ,welle1 & s\? ( ! ,congo ,riv] = "s di/ance4 ,?is includes a doz5 or m diff]5t tribes1 talk+ z _m di/9ct languages1 hav+ v>i\s tribal m>ks1 possess+ 9 _m in/ances v diff]5t cu/oms1 etc41 & among :om !re is no?+ 9 common except _! black sk9s & backw>dness 9 civilization4 ,s9ce see+ ! above-m5tion$ book1 ,i h pref]r$ us+ ,boloki z a m def9ite t]m = d5ot+ ! inhabitants ( c]ta9 t[ns on ! ma9 riv]1 on ! ,mobangi ,riv]1 & ! ,lib9za ,lake4 ,int]mix$ ) ! ,boloki t[ns on ! ,congo ,riv] are o!r t[ns belong+ to a h9t]l& p well kn[n to u z ! ,bomuna4 ,footnote #ah3 ,by ,m4 ,cyr4 van ,ov]b]gh & ,m4 de ,jonghe4 ,! ,boloki folk h v hazy ideas ab\t relation%ip1 & sc>cely any two w give ! same "n to all ! relatives1 &1 moreov]1 if y take a li/ ( ! names ( relations f a "y man & put x away = six mon?s1 & !n ask ! same lad ab\t ! same relations 9 ! same ord] z be=e1 ) y\r li/ 9 front ( y1 he w give y ano!r set ( names t w n tally ) y\r fir/ "o 9 sev]al po9ts4 ,i h made _m attempts to draw up a complete li/1#ai & if ,i _h be5 satisfi$ to take "o man & exam9e him once only1 ,i might h procur$ a li/ ( ! names ( relations t w\ld h be5 full1 b x w\ld h be5 inaccurate1 i4e4 x w\ld h be5 t man's li/ !n1 b x w\ld n h be5 8 six or eight mon?s lat]1 & x w\ld n h be5 anyone else's li/ ev5 at ! "t he gave x to me4 ,9 ?is !re 0 no desire to deceive u1 = we f\nd ! same difficulty on ! ,l[] ,congo4 ,footnote #ai3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #d1 page #cdb4 ,among ! ,boloki !re is no hi/orical lit]ature1 = n a s+le memb] ( ! tribe c\ld write until we taught !m2 b al?\gh !re is no writt5 hi/ory !re has be5 mu* oral communication deal+ ) ! orig9 ( ! tribe1 ! place f :5ce x came1 ! approximate "t ( ! migration1 & ! reason = x4 ,_! communications h be5 h&$ f fa!r to son1 & ! facts h be5 ! con/ant !me ( fireside conv]sations4 ,! foll[+ incid5ts connect$ ) ! migrations ( a l>ge portion ( ! tribe f ! l[-ly+ ,lib9za ,lake di/rict to ! ma9 riv] ,i ga!r$ f a man ( ab\t #ce ye>s ( age1 ( good intellig5ce1 & ,i h e reason to believe t !y are ! putt+ toge!r ( :at he frequ5tly he>d ar\nd ! ev5+ fires1 z well z :at he le>n$ f 8 fa!r4 ,besides1 9 *att+ ) o!r folk1 ,i h ga!r$ v>i\s p>ticul>s t confirm 8 /atem5ts1 & ! con/ant antagonism %[n by ! ,bomuna p to ! ,boloki1 & ! geographical di/ribution ( ^! two tribes1 all g to prove ! tru?fulness ! ma9 facts ( ?is page f native hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ! ,au?or,a ,,monitor ,^! creatures are v sc>ce2 b our lads kill$ ?is "o1 & br\ght x to me be=e cutt+ x up = ! saucepan4 ,x 0 #h feet #g in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,native ,,hut ,a native h\se ( ! size & %ape t we b\ght = #es4 #a;d4 ,! old man on ! "r illu/rates a me?od ( hair dress+--%av+ ! hair s z to %[ a v r\nd face & high =ehead4 ,! ,bomuna p1 ab\t ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 came f ! bu% t[ns ly+ 9 ! =e/ betwe5 ! ,mobangi & ! ,congo ,riv]s1 & settl$ on ! bank ( ! ma9 riv]4 ,n be+ a riv]9e p1 !y _h no k ( swimm+1 & possess$ no canoes4 ,!y work$ _! way along ! riv]'s bank f ! ,monsembe di/rict up-riv] until !y came to ! ,ejeba /ream1 ne> ! village ( ,nyoi1 :i* deep /ream !y pass$ by means ( a /\t cane-creep] t happ5$ to /ret* across ! wat] f ! ov]hang+ trees4 ,_m pass$1 & :ile o!rs 7 work+ _! way h& ov] h& along ! cane creep] x broke1 & ?us sev]$ ! only means ( communication betwe5 ^? on ! opposite sides ( ! /ream4 ,^? :o f\nd !mselves on ! ea/]n side cont9u$ _! j\rney1 & f\nd$ ! settlem5ts ( ,diboko 7sometimes call$ ,iboko71 n[ ,n\velles ,anv]s4 ,?us ! anci5t p ( ,diboko 7 ,bomuna ( ! tribe ( ,bobanga1 ( :om ! *ief1 ,mata ,bwiki1 is ! be/ kn[n to fame1 be+ ! head-man :o enc\nt]$ ,/anley1 & on ^: l& ! ,congo ,free ,/ate built _! /ation ( ,n\velles ,anv]s4 ,! ,bomuna folk left on ! we/]n side ( ! /ream settl$ on suitable t[n sites 9 ! ,mungala ,creek above ,monsembe1 & along ! banks ( ! ma9 riv] bel[ ,monsembe4 ,i knew ?is bran* ( ! tribe well z be+ bo? ignorant & timid 9 all matt]s relat+ to wat] & canoes4 ,betwe5 =ty & fifty ye>s ago "s ,lib9za ,lake p ( ! tribe ( ,boloki left _! swampy isl& homes "u ! lead]%ip ( ,munyata1 & work+ _! way 9 %all[ canoes ?r\gh ! creeks1 !y came out on ! ma9 riv] ne> to ,moboko4 ,!y paddl$ d[n ! riv] to ! ,mungala ,creek1 :i* at t "t 0 inhabit$ by ,bomuna p4 ,!re ,munyata made blood-bro!rhood ) ,munkua1 ! *ief ( ! ,bomuna1 & settl$ !re ) 8 p4 ,! ,bomuna at t "t possess$ no spe>s1 b did _! hunt+ & fight+ ) %>p5$ /icks1 ! po9ts ( :i* 7 h>d5$ 9 ! fire4 ,munyata pres5t$ ,munkua ) a spe>1 & receiv$ a f9e "y woman z a return pres5t4 ,munyata1 ! ,boloki *ief1 0 app>5tly a v grasp+ man1 = al?\gh he _h sev]al wives he covet$ m1 & 0 always ask+ ,munkua = "o ( 84 ,= a "t ,munkua occasionally gave "o2 b ,munyata let x be kn[n t any woman :o ran to him w\ld be reta9$1 & s mu* 0 ! ,boloki *ief admir$ & fe>$1 t "o aft] ano!r ( ! wives ( ,munkua escap$ to him1 until at la/ only "o1 8 fav\rite1 or pr9cipal 7nkundi7 wife 0 left1 & %e 0 ev5tually /ol5 f him by ,munyata4 ,s exasp]at$ 0 ,munkua by ?is treatm5t t1 tak+ advantage ( ! fir/ opportunity t (f]$1 he spe>$ ,munyata to dea?4 ,on ! murd] ( ,munyata ! ,boloki folk came out 9 cr[ds f ! ,lib9za ,lake to av5ge ! dea? ( _! head-man1 & s successful 7 !y ) _! iron spe>s aga9/ ! %>p5$ /icks ( ! ,bomuna t1 al?\gh m num]\s1 ! latt] gave way be=e _! fi]ce onslaught4 ,_m escap$1 b "s took refuge 9 a high bombax tree4 ,! tree 0 surr\nd$ by ! ,boloki1 :o ?reat5$ to />ve _! enemies to dea? unless !y submitt$2 & app>5tly aft] "s palav]+ ! entrapp$ p _h ! privilege accord$ to !m ( select+ _! own future own]s4 ,?us "o w\ld say1 8,i w take ,s-&-s z my ma/]10 & on 8 reque/ be+ agre$ to he w\ld climb d[n ! tree & take 8 place among ! foll[]s ( 8 new ma/]4 ,9 ?is way !y divid$ !mselves among _! conqu]ors1 & x seems f all acc\nts !y 7 well treat$ by ! ,boloki4 ,o!r cont+5ts ( ! ,boloki came out on to ! ma9 riv] & wre/$ sites f ! ,bomuna at ,monsembe1 ,lob5gu1 ,maleli1 & ,bokomela1 & up-riv] at ,bombil+a4 ,9 ! meantime ! ,diboko ,bomuna _h increas$ 9 numb]s1 _h become possess$ ( canoes1 & _h le>n$ ! way to manage !m4 ,_! numb]s also _h be5 greatly augm5t$1 & _! passions inflam$ by ^? :o _h escap$ f ! ,mungala ,creek be=e1 & dur+1 ! fight caus$ by ! dea? ( ,munyata4 ,^! ,diboko ,bomuna s h>ass$ & f\ght ! ,mungala ,creek ,boloki t numb]s ( !m fl$ up-riv] 7und\bt$ly pass+ beh9d ! isl&s to avoid _! enemies at ,diboko71 & e/abli%$ !mselves at ,mobeka1 at ! m\? ( ! ,mungala ,riv] _m miles above ,diboko4 ,:5 fir/ we w5t to live at ,monsembe a v high tree t /ood on ! bank at ! b5d ( ! riv] 0 po9t$ out to me z _! po/ ( obs]vation :5 wat*+ = ! ,diboko ,bomuna4 ,! ,boloki tribe 9 #ahij possess$ ! foll[+ di/ricts on ! nor? bank ( ! ,congo3 ,mobeka1 at ! m\? ( ! ,mungala ,riv]1 ,bombil+a1 ! ,mungala ,creek t[ns1 ,monsembe1 ,lob5gu1 situat$ 9 ! ,mangala ,creek1 ,moleli1 ,bokomela1 & ,bungundu4 ,on ! s\? bank !y own$ ,bokumbi1 ,libulula1 & ,bolombo4 ,at "s "t or o!r ! p ( ,bungundu1 ,bokomela1 ,moleli1 & ,lob5gu 7 call$ ,mangala1 & gave _! "n to ! creek 9 :i* _! pr9cipal t[n 0 built4 ,p]haps !re 0 a p[]ful family call$ ,mangala1 & ?is has be5 corrupt$ into ,bangala2 or ! ,mungala ,riv] 0 suppos$ to be ! orig9al home ( ^! p1 & z mu means place1 locality1 & ba means p1 x 0 easy to call ! p ! ,bangala4 ,i am r incl9$ to ! latt] reason = ! orig9 ( ! t]m among :ite p1 b ! natives !mselves nev] us$ ! "n ,bangala4 ,ne> to ,mobeka are ! ,ngombe p1 :o are also call$ ,bokumbi1 & ?is tribe 9 #aijh 0 becom+ mix$ ) ! neighb\r+ tribes2 & z !y are be+ absorb$ into !m !y no long] call !mselves ,ngombe or ,bokumbi1 b appropriate ! names ( ! peoples ^: language !y le>n & ^: tribal m>k !y imitate4 ,! h9t]l& folk ( ,diboko belong to ! ,mokulu tribe1 & ! ,bomuna ( ,diboko to ! ,bobanga tribe2 o!rs 9 betwe5 ! ,boloki t[ns d[n to ,bokomela reta9 _! old "n ( ,bomuna4 ,bel[ ,bokomela is ! ,mbonji tribe t came orig9ally f ! bu%4 ,! ,baloi on ! ,mobangi ,riv] are ,boloki f ,lake ,lib9za4 ,! ,lib9za ,lake is a l>ge %eet ( %all[ wat] t dra9s itself1 by ! ,ngiri ,riv]1 into ! ,mobangi1 & reta9s its di/9ctive col\r = _m miles4 ,isl&s h be5 sl[ly made ) great lab\r1 & !y ne$ con/ant wat*+ or !y w be wa%$ away by ! annual floods4 ,! folk drove /akes ar\nd any slight elevations %[n at l[ wat]1 & !n dug up clay & mud f ! bottom ( ! lake & put inside ! /akes1 & ?us =m$ an isl&4 ,^! isl&s are small1 b !y are num]\s1 & are (t5 l9k$ toge!r by bridges4 ,!re are "s l>ge isl&s1 b mo/ ( !m are small4 ,! lake 0 ?ickly populat$ 9 ! n9eties ) exp]t fi%]m5 & saucepan-mak]s2 & !y (t5 came out 9 p>ties ( tw5ty & ?irty to fi% ) _! peculi> box-%ap$ nets1 & to sell _! fi%1 _! saucepans1 & 8fire-pots0 to ! riv]9e p = cassava roots4 ,!y frequ5tly camp$ on our bea*1 & ?us we saw mu* ( !m4 ,! ,lib9za folk liv$ *iefly on planta9s1 z cassava w\ld n gr[ 9 _! swampy soil1 h5ce !y always ex*ang$ _! w>es = cassava2 & ?is may h be5 "o ( ! reasons :y ,munyata came out f ! lake1 to e/abli% a c5tre ( ex*ange = cassava roots4 ,! tribe ne> ! riv] always ridicules ! tribe beh9d 9 ! bu%1 z ! ,boloki laugh at ! ,bomuna1 & ! ,bomuna at ! ,ndobo p fur!r beh9d4 ,! ,boloki are pr\d ( _! "n & _! orig92 & ! neighb\r+ tribes ackn[l$ge _! c\rage & endurance1 & pref] _! fri5d%ip to _! enmity4 ,! foll[+ is an in/ance ( _! brav]y & ! long di/ances ! ,boloki m5 paddl$ on _! raid+ exp$itions3 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahia !re 0 a big fight 9 our vic9ity1 & on inquir+ ! cause we le>n$ t ! reason = ! fight betwe5 ^! ,boloki t[ns 0 ?is3 ,a ye> or two be=e our arrival ! ,boloki ( ! ,monsembe di/rict paddl$ ov] #cjj miles up-riv] & raid$ ! ,bopoto riv]9e t[ns1 c>ry+ (f a quantity ( loot & a numb] ( captives2 & ! unsatisfactory division ( ! spoils culm9at$ 9 ! fight t co/ "s few lives4 ,ab\t #ahgj !re liv$ at ,mobeka 7"o ( ! ,boloki t[ns7 a *ief :o /yl$ himself ,monoko mwa ,nkoi1 or ,m\? ( a ,leop>d1 = he boa/$ t1 l t animal1 he nev] let g any p]son un=tunate en\gh to fall into 8 clut*es4 ,he 0 ! t]ror ( ! di/rict1 & a message f him made a :ole t[n quake ) fe>2 & a dem& f him 0 in/antly obey$ f appreh5sion ( ! consequ5ces4 ,he 0 a man ( w>1 a cruel w>rior :o held life *eap2 & he burnt d[n _m a t[n1 scatt]$ ! p1 or took !m z slaves4 ,on "o ( 8 raids among ! ,bopoto t[ns 7:i* di/rict is ab\t #acj miles above ,mobeka7 he 0 mortally w\nd$ & c>ri$ back to 8 t[n1 :]e he di$4 ,ab\t ! "t ( 8 dea? a l>ge comet appe>$1 :i* 0 describ$ by my in=mant z be+ 8l a l>ge /> ) a hat on x40 ,x 0 se5 = ?ree nights 9 succession1 & 0 reg>d$ z a sign ( ! greatness ( ,monoko mwa ,nkoi4 ,abnormal appe>ances 9 ! sky are ei!r ! evid5ces ( ! dea? ( "s great *ief :om !y d n "k1 because he liv$ & di$ among a di/ant tribe1 or are a pro( ( ! greatness ( a *ief :o has di$ )9 ! limits ( _! own di/rict4 ,i h also kn[n !m to blame a lad1 rec5tly buri$1 = ! tornado t 0 ru%+ across _! village1 %ak+ _! huts & uproot+ _! planta9s & bananas4 ,!y abus$ him 9 unmeasur$ language1 & express$ ! hope t he w\ld be 8humbugg$0 9 ! ne!r regions4 ,emanya ( ,diboko is ! "n ( ano!r fight] ^: cruel exploits are ! subject ( conv]sations ar\nd ! ev5+ fires4 ,! tattoo m>ks give indications ( tribal movem5ts1 & also "s idea ( ! v>i\s compon5t p>ts t g to ! mak+ ( a village community4 ,i h notic$ ?ree k9ds ( tattoo+ among ! ,boloki4 7#a7 ,a s+le l9e ( elliptical pun*-m>ks runn+ f temple to temple j above ! eyebr[s4 7#b7 ,a cock's comb 7call$ likwala7 runn+ f ! tip ( ! nose 9 "s1 & f betwe5 ! eyebr[s 9 o!rs1 to ! cr[n ( ! head4 7#c7 ,a cock's comb plus a palm leaf on ea* temple1 or "s o!r m>k+4 ,:5 y look at ! pr(ile ( a man 8 tattoo /&s out l a cock's comb1 h5ce ! "n4 ,! fir/ k9d ( tattoo+--l9e ( elliptical pun*-m>ks--is to be f\nd only on ! old m5 & wom51 indicat+ t !y are probably "s ( ! orig9al cont+5t ( ,lib9za ,lake p :o =c$ a foot+ on ! ma9 riv]4 ,!y cl+ to ! ,lib9za tribal m>k1 be+ pr\d ( _! k9sfolk & _! orig94 ,! second tattoo is se5 on boys & girls1 & on m5 & wom5 f #ce d[nw>ds1 & %[s t ! new m>k+ _h come into fa%ion :5 !y 7 "y1 & 0 suffici5tly 9 fav\r to supplant ! old ,lib9za m>k+4 ,on m5 & wom5 f #ce to #de !re 7 79 #aijj7 slight traces ( ! ,lib9za m>ks1 b ! cock's comb 0 ! m prom95t tattoo4 ,:5ce did !y borr[ ! cock's-comb tattoo8 is a "q ,i h (t5 ask$ myself2 or did !y orig9ate x z a di/9ctive m>k ( _! own z !y became a sep>ate tribe & ! ties b9d+ !m to ! ,lib9za p gradually fad$8 ,! ?ird set ( m>ks is to be f\nd on ! slaves1 :o imitate ! tattoo ( _! ma/]s4 ,h5ce ! ,mongo tribal m>ks--lumps ! size ( a bean on ! nose & across ! =ehead--w be se5 on a man 9 conjunction ) ! cock's comb2 or ! palm leaf on ! temples--m>k ( a tribe on ! upp] ,lulanga ,riv]--& ! cock's comb4 ,slaves captur$ or b\ght "y all[ _! di/9ctive tribal m>k to disappe>1 & try to "w up a good-siz$ cock's comb l _! own]s1 s z to be reg>d$ z belong+ to ! same tribe z _! ma/]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,native ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,! ,,natives ,no p>am\nt *iefs--,head-man rules 8 own family--,/anley's 8,"l ( _m guns0--,monanga1 a t]m ( respect--,! ali5 is robb$--,! gue/ protect$--,arrival ( canoes--,e/imation ( native "*--,good memories--,le>n+ to read pictures--,timid & sup]/iti\s--,lack ( rev]5ce--,pride--,gre$y & mean4 ,among ! ,boloki !re are no p>am\nt *iefs4 ,ea* t[n has its set ( families t pref] liv+ toge!r1 & ea* family has its head call$ mata1 :o is ! elde/ son1 & :o z elde/ takes ! title & ! l>ge/ %>e ( ! e/ate4 ,at any "t a family is at lib]ty to break away f ! re/ & live by itself on a new site4 ,! mata may be a man ) wives1 slaves1 & foll[]s numb]+ f #bjj to #cjj & ev5 m1 or ! mata may n be able to mu/] m ?an fifte5 or tw5ty p2 yet z head ( 8 family he possesses ! same title 7mata7 z ! m p[]ful ones4 ,/anley 9 8 books on ! ,congo uses _m phrases ab\t ,mata ,bwiki ( ,diboko 7n[ ,n\velles ,anv]s7 t fav\r ! idea t he 0 an ov]lord1 or "l p>am\nt ( ! di/rict2 b t 0 n s4 ,mata bwiki simply means ,head-man ,pl5ty1 or ,pl5tifulness4 ,/anley1 ,i ?9k1 gives z its mean+1 8,"l ( ,_m ,guns10 b 8 "n !n %\ld h be51 ,monanga wa bibau biki "l ( guns _m4 ,/anley on 8 memorable j\rney happ5$ to g a%ore at ! l&+-place belong+ to ,bwiki's family1 & he z head ( 8 family took ! lead 9 ,/anley's reception4 ,if ,/anley _h l&$ half a mile above or half a mile bel[ t p>ticul> spot he might nev] h he>d ( ,mata ,bwiki4 ,! ^w monanga is us$ 9 a re/rict$ way z mean+ a free-born p]son1 ei!r male or female4 ,x also is employ$ z a t]m ( respect & means 8"l10 & frequ5tly is equival5t to ,mr41 ,monsieur1 etc4 ,x is atta*$ to ! "n ( any man to :om or ( :om y wi% to speak ) def]5ce & respect4 ,we are always address$ z monanga1 b nev] z mata2 & _m ( ! m weal?y natives :o are n mata are spok5 ( z monanga1 & all :o are entitl$ to be call$ mata h a "r to be address$ z monanga1 b !y pref] ! =m] title4 ,mata is di/9ctly ! h]$it>y designation ( ! elde/ son & po9ts to him z ! head ( 8 family1 & monanga a c\rtesy title ( respect4 ,! mata !n gov]ns all matt]s relat+ to 8 own family1 & f 8 decisions !re is no appeal4 ,und\bt$ly he calls toge!r ! eld] folk ( 8 family to c\nsel him on important affairs2 & ^! head-m5 ( ! village meet "u ! wild fig tree1 or 9 ! palav] h\se1 & decide village matt]s z betwe5 family & family1 & also _! policy t[>ds o!r villages 9 ! di/rict4 ,!re is an unwritt5 code ( laws deal+ ) mo/ (f5ces1 & by ^! ! heads ( ! families judge ea* o!r & ! memb]s ( _! own families4 ,! /atus ( a p]son 9 ! family & t[n c\ncil dep5ds on :e!r he is entirely free-born1 or slave-born1 or p>tly s4 ,a *ild ( slaves is a slave1 & z su* 8 advice is nev] s\ght2 a *ild ( a slave fa!r by a free woman1 or ( a slave woman by a free fa!r1 is a semi-slave 7mbotela71 b ! position ( ! latt] 9 ! family life is mu* high] ?an t ( ! slave1 yet ( c\rse he does n rank s high z ! *ild born ( free p>5ts4 ,bir? alone con/itutes memb]%ip ( ! family & tribe4 ,a slave :o r$eems himself 7a v r>e occurr5ce1 = all t a slave e>ns belongs to 8 ma/]7 w be tol]at$ 9 8 attempts to pass himself (f z a memb] ( ! tribe2 he may affect ! tribal m>k1 & also plait 8 be>d1 etc41 & 8 weal? may w9 respect1 b be+ ( no family he w h no influ5ce 9 ! palav]s ( ! village4 ,9 deal+ ) an ali5 x is n consid]$ wrong to rob1 beat1 abuse1 or ev5 murd] him1 unless he has come on a visit1 = trade or o!r purposes1 to someone 9 ! t[n4 ,he w !n be "u ! protection ( 8 ho/1 & receiv+ ! hospitality ( 8 ho/ he w also receive ! hospitality ( ! t[n & neighb\rhood4 ,! ho/ w h a casus belli aga9/ anyone :o mole/s 8 gue/2 & a village1 on ! o!r h&1 w hold a ho/ responsible = ! (f5sive actions ( 8 gue/4 ,m5 & wom5 travell+ alone1 or 9 twos & ?rees 9 places :]e !y are n kn[n1 run ! risk ( be+ captur$4 ,su* def5celess travell]s hide by day & travel by night to _! de/9ations4 ,gre51 9 8 ,%ort] ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 says t 89 anci5t times ! pa9t$ ,briti% savage on approa*+ a village s\nd$ a horn to w>n ! villag]s ( 8 com+1 o!rwise he w\ld h be5 treat$ z an enemy :o tri$ to surprise !m by /eal?40 ,among ! ,boloki x is ! cu/om t :5 a canoe conta9+ six or m m5 approa*es a t[n !y h to beat a drum & s+ to notify ! folk ( _! com+1 o!rwise !y are treat$ z enemies & lay !mselves op5 to an attack4 ,= a canoe ( /rang]s f o!r t[ns & di/ricts to approa* a t[n unann\nc$ by drum & song is reg>d$ z an act ( w>4 ,if _! com+ is peaceful1 :y are !y afraid to drum & s+8 ,i h se5 ! crew ( su* a canoe badly h&l$ = omitt+ ^! c\rtesies1 & b = our pres5ce "s ( ! travell]s w\ld h be5 spe>$4 ,! mata 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties z head-man has to gu>d1 9 ! int]e/s ( 8 family1 all ^? palm trees & nsafu 7canu>5sis7 trees t h be5 plant$ by 8 =ebe>s4 ,! propriet>y rights 9 ^! trees are by inh]itance1 or by plant+ !m1 & ! rights 9 !m are h&$ on f fa!r to son 9 ! prop] l9e ( heir%ip4 ,!y are s\rces ( weal? to a family1 & ! memb]s ( a family support _! *ief man :5 ^? rights are infr+$4 ,! head-man 9 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 family holds a v difficult position :5 sitt+ 9 judgm5t on a relative1 = su* is ! "* ( ! family life t if he f9es ! del9qu5t he w be puni%+ himself indirectly--! family /&s or falls toge!r4 ,robb]y1 adult]y1 w\nd+1 & murd] :5 committ$ )9 ! limits ( "o's own family w receive ! /rong disapprobation ( ! o!r memb]s1 b !re is no puni%m5t t ! mata c inflict unless ! (f5d] is a boy1 & !n a s\nd ?ra%+ w be adm9i/]$2 = w !y n be puni%+ !mselves if !y insi/ on ! infliction ( a f9e & to :om c ! f9e be paid8 ,! f9e impos$ w\ld h to be paid by ! family to itself4 ,! mata1 !re=e1 9 rul+ 8 family ex]cises 8 greate/ tact 9 ma9ta9+ ! v>i\s units ( :i* x is compos$ 9 ! fri5dlie/ relation to ea* o!r & to himself4 ,!n he has to keep a /rong h& on ! family slaves1 = he & 8 family w be held responsible = :atev] (f5ces !y commit aga9/ o!r families2 & if !y fight & qu>rel among/ !mselves1 8 only wise c\rse is to sell !m & buy o!rs :o may n be s cont5ti\s4 ,i nev] came across a m democratic =m ( gov]nm5t on ! ,congo ?an t ( ! ,boloki tribe4 ,!re is no pre/ige ( bir? to help1 z among ! ,l[] ,congo *iefs1 = 8 subjects are ( ! same blood z himself--except 8 slaves1 & !y are 8 prop]ty & n 8 subjects4 ,he has no position ( prie/hood 7z ! family 8m$ic9e man07 to inspire ) awe ^? :o owe fealty to him z head-man2 & !re is no position he c ga9 9 any secret society t w inspire ) fe> ( him ! o!r memb]s ( 8 family4 ,8 position is no s9ecure1 & :ile 8 tr\ble is great 8 p]quisites are few4 ,p]haps ?is w be ! be/ place to attempt an e/imate ( ! ,boloki folk :o ?us live 9 families ea* "u ! rule ( a head-man1 & 9 village communities gov]n$ by eld]s or head-m54 ,_! memories are exce$+ly good respect+ ! debts ow+ to !m1 b ) reg>d to ! debts !y owe !y h1 or pret5d to h1 v bad memories--x is = ! cr$itor to keep 9 m9d ! debts ow+ to him1 & to br+ ! pro(s at ! prop] "t4 ,!re are occasionally cases ( insanity among !m1 "s caus$ by ut]9e tr\ble1 & o!rs are ! results ( sleep+-sickness4 ,if insanity is ( long duration & ! pati5ts are de/ructive or tr\blesome1 !y are quietly put out ( ! way4 ,i only met ) "o man :o ran amok4 ,he _h _h a v s]i\s illness1 & ei!r ! illness or ! decoctions giv5 to him to effect 8 cure made him tempor>ily mad4 ,he cut d[n all ! planta9 trees 9 8 pa?1 & de/roy$ ev]y?+ he came ne>2 ! p cle>$ out ( 8 way1 b be+ a man ( importance he got (f )\t any paym5t ( damages4 ,:5 ,i w5t fir/ to live among ! p ( ,monsembe ,i _h ) me a r\ghly b\nd volume ( ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news4 ,x 0 v int]e/+ to wat* ! developm5t ( _! arti/ic faculties4 ,at fir/ !y look$ at a picture & ask$ :at ! m>ks 72 !y held ! picture anyh[1 & look$ at x f any po9t t might be conv5i5t to !m )\t any reg>d to ! picture be+ "r side up1 or upside d[n1 or any o!r way4 ,by & by !y began to pick out ! features1 "o by "o1 & say1 8,:y1 x is a man60 ,!y w\ld pick out ! doors1 w9d[s1 walls1 etc41 & rem>k1 8,:y1 x is a h\se60 ,aft] a "t !y w\ld drop ?is spell+ out1 z x 71 ( ! picture & say1 8,a man1 a woman1 a h\se10 etc41 at once4 ,lat] on1 !y w\ld take 9 ! :ole ( a picture at a glance4 ,i suppose x is 9 ?is way we le>n pictures 9 our *ildhood--spell !m out4 ,x 0 int]e/+ to wat* ! same process 9 "y m51 wom51 & adults4 ,i rememb] "o day a man 0 look+ at a picture ( ! memb]s ( ! ,l4,c4,c4 ga!r$ 9 _! c\ncil *amb]4 ,he ask$ :at x meant1 & ,i expla9$ ! significance ( ! assembly4 ,he c\ld only see well ) "o eye1 & ) t "o he v c>efully scann$ ! :ole ( ! picture = two or ?ree m9utes1 & !n he ask$ 9 an incr$ul\s tone ( voice3 8,?is is a picture ( m5 met to talk palav]s1 b :]e are _! spe>s & knives80 ,! natives nev] talk$ palav]s )\t hav+ _! spe>s & knives ready to h&1 h5ce ! d\bt express$ 9 8 "q & voice4 ,! native has imm5se respect = =ce1 b totally despises g5tl5ess4 ,he likes to be treat$ ) k9dness & consid]ation1 b in/ead ( reg>d+ su* treatm5t z an expression ( y\r goodness he consid]s x a sign ( y\r weakness1 & w behave accord+ly4 ,if y po9t out to him t y treat him ) k9dness & expect "s consid]ation 9 return1 he w ackn[l$ge t t is fair & "r1 & w = a "t try to act m ?\ghtfully1 b soon ! bett] feel+ w pass away unless y con/antly rem9d him ( 8 _m defici5cies--( all t he has to le>n & all t he ne$s to become4 ,to tea* a native t he is y\r equal 9 all ?+s is n to incite a desire on 8 "p to emulate y1 b r t5ds to cause him to reg>d y ) disrespect & contempt4 ,! native kn[s he is n y\r equal1 & he ?9ks y mu/ h a despicable twi/ 9 y\r vision1 & "s bad1 ult]ior motive1 if y ?9k t he is y\r equal & wi% him also to believe ! same4 ,i tea* him t he is a creature ( ,god z ,i am1 t ! ,r$eem] di$ z mu* = him z = me1 & t ,god w judge him righte\sly1 & w %[ nei!r ( u fav\r or disfav\r on acc\nt ( ! col\r ( our sk9s4 ,at ! same "t1 ! relation betwe5 tea*] & taught mu/ be ma9ta9$1 & he mu/ be made to und]/& 9 h[ _m ways he mu/ be *ang$--morally1 intellectually1 & socially2 & t be=e he c take 8 place among civiliz$ & ,*ri/ian m5 he mu/ rise out ( 8 degrad+ sup]/itions1 control 8 lu/s1 gov]n 8 passions1 & /rive aft] all t is good1 noble1 & beautiful4 ,he w admit t y are 8 sup]ior 9 e way1 b unless y firmly insi/ on 8 tak+ 8 "r position z a le>n] he w conduct himself t[>ds y ) less respect ?an he pays to ! smalle/ & poore/ *ief 9 8 di/rict1 & 9 a %ort "t y\r influ5ce w be gone & y w wond] :y4 ,treat ! native ) respect1 & insi/ on receiv+ ! same f him2 treat him ) firmness1 decision1 ma/]fulness1 & he w g z a rule z f> z y want him to g4 ,fai?fully keep all y\r promises & fulfil all y\r ?reats1 !re=e nev] make a promise y d n int5d to r$eem1 & nev] ?reat5 a ?+ y are n able1 on ! face ( x1 to p]=m1 i4e4 treat ! native ) g5tle firmness1 p]suasive =ce1 & ma/]ful consid]ation1 & y w get ! be/ out ( him1 & cause him to respect himself :ile respect+ y4 ,! native c love & he c hate2 b he is nei!r a good lov] nor a /rong hat]4 ,8 affections are nei!r /eady nor p]man5t4 ,he w1 h[ev]1 rememb] a wrong committ$ aga9/ him mu* long] ?an a good de$ done to help him4 ,he is mov$ m by fe> ( pa91 by loss ( mat]ial pr(it1 & by public op9ion ?an sway$ by pr9ciples & argum5ts4 ,he w float ) ! /ream r ?an cont9ually /ruggle aga9/ x2 b at ! same "t he c ob/9ately & dogg$ly foll[ a c\rse t w result 9 physical pa91 f9ancial loss1 & ridicule if he is once p]suad$ t 8 ultimate int]e/s lie 9 t direction4 ,he is n lack+ 9 gratitude1 b he is afraid ( display+ x le/ a fav\r be ask$ ( him 9 return4 ,:5 y visit him he w rem9d y ( ! fact t y m5d$ 8 brok5 leg or cur$ 8 disease1 n to make x ! basis ( a g5]\s act t[>ds y1 b r z a plea to procure some?+ extra out ( y by awak5+ y\r fur!r int]e/ 9 him4 ,9 "s di/ricts y w f9d he is m a li> ?an a ?ief1 & if y inve/igate y w discov] t ! f9es impos$ = ?iev+ are su* z to det] him f foll[+ 8 incl9ation to /eal4 ,9 o!r di/ricts1 :]e ! native laws are m lax1 he w excel bo? 9 ?iev+ & ly+1 b he w readily admit !y are vices wor?y ( /r+5t puni%m5t1 & w express 8 regret t ! ?ief /ole ei!r f y or f himself1 & at ! same "t he w be do+ 8 be/ to rob y4 ,be=e ! unkn[n & my/]i\s he is timid & v sup]/iti\s4 ,he w reg>d y z a god1 & yet try to fight y2 he w sup]/iti\sly believe t y h wond]ful occult p[]s t c /op ! ra91 cause pe/il5ce & plagues1 & yet he w n attempt to conciliate y1 b w savagely %\t at y to cle> out ( 8 t[n & take y\r wit*craft else:]e4 ,:5 fight+ ) a gun he is timid1 n]v\s1 & app>5tly v c[>dly1 because he does n und]/& ! my/]ies ( gunp[d]2 b give him a %ield & a spe> & 8 brav]y is evid5c$ by 8 boldness 9 a fight1 & 8 utt] indiff]5ce to w\nds & dea?4 ,! my/]i\s ov]awes1 p>alyses him1 b sup]/iti\s fe>s w (t5 ar\se ! v demon ( cruelty & v9dictiv5ess1 & incite to boldness & recklessness4 ,he lacks rev]5ce1 b is easily fill$ ) awe & ov]come by wond]4 ,! />s 9 _! c\rses make = him no song ar\nd ! et]nal ?rone2 b ! smoke asc5d+ f 8 great bu%-fires =m+ a halo r\nd ! sun w make him quake ) fe> because x is an om5 ( evil4 ,! movem5ts ( ! sun & ! moon awak5 no admiration 9 him2 b exhibit "s poor conjur+ trick1 or a %ill+ me*anical toy1 & 8 eyes & m\? are n big en\gh to express 8 wond]4 ,he is pr\d] ?an ,lucif] is reput$ to be1 & w res5t ! smalle/ slight put ^u 8 s-call$ dignity4 ,9 a fit ( ov]we5+ vanity he w sacrifice ev]y?+ he possesses1 & de/roy all 8 future prospects to satisfy ! pride ( ! mom5t4 ,8 family may be insignificant1 8 t[n paltry1 himself small & dirty1 b t\* 8 pride & he w act z ?\gh he 7 un gr& seigneur4 ,he himself mu/ be ! judge ( :at hurts 8 pride1 n y4 ,he has 8 own code ( hon\r & etiquette1 difficult at times = y to und]/&1 h5ce y wond] at "s ( ! exhibitions ( 8 pride4 ,8 memory is well tra9$1 & 8 p[]s ( obs]vation ke5 & m9ute2 8 ability to adapt himself to 8 surr\nd+s is wond]ful1 & 8 imitative faculties are rem>kable2 b he lacks p[] ( m5tal conc5tration & logical ?\ght4 ,8 physical p[]s are highly develop$--he w c>ry a heavy load1 f #gj lbs4 to #hj lbs41 up & d[n hill & across brok5 c\ntry1 or paddle a heavy canoe h\r aft] h\r1 )\t exhibit+ mu* fatigue2 b he _c1 or w n1 foll[ a l9e ( ?\ght1 metaphorically speak+1 = tw5ty y>ds4 ,8 reason+ & reflective faculties are /unt$1 undevelop$1 = !y h be5 ex]cis$ ^u no?+ m pr(\nd ?an ! v alphabet ( exi/5ce4 ,he kn[s t two & two make f\r--t c]ta9 results foll[ c]ta9 causes1 b t a s]ies ( causes w produce a s]ies ( results complicat$ & wide-spread+ 9 _! effect he _c grasp4 ,he has no p[] ( d$uction1 & little or no faculty = produc+ a well-develop$ plot or involv$ plan4 ,) ^? :o h a "r to a %>e ( meat or clo?1 etc41 he w be mo/ scrupul\s 9 divid+ ! article into equal portions1 =gett+ no "o2 b to ^? :o h no "r to a %>e he w be nigg>dly1 mean1 selfi%1 & grasp+4 ,8 app>5t g5]osity is innate selfi%ness1 = he only gives t he may receive m 9 return1 & be ! giv] black or :ite he w compla9 bitt]ly if ! return pres5t is n s l>ge z 8 gre$ imag9$ x %\ld be4 ,p]haps ?is trait 9 8 "* may be acc\nt$ = by 8 desire to h a gr& fun]al--! talk ( ! village or ! c\ntryside4 ,= ?is he w save & s*eme1 lie & /eal1 rob 8 neighb\rs1 8 wives1 & 8 *ildr5 to ho>d up clo?1 etc41 = 8 own burial1 t he may h a good />t 9 ! _s-l&4 ,he has a wond]ful p[] ( imitation1 b he lacks inv5tion & initiative2 b ?is lack is und\bt$ly due to suppression ( ! inv5tive faculty4 ,= g5]ations x has be5 ! cu/om to *>ge ) wit*craft anyone :o has comm5c$ a new indu/ry or discov]$ a new article ( b>t]4 ,! mak+ ( any?+ out ( ! ord9>y has br\ght on ! mak] a *>ge ( wit*craft t aga9 & aga9 has result$ 9 dea? by ! ordeal4 ,to "k m ?an o!rs1 to be m skilful ?an o!rs1 m en]getic1 m acute 9 bus9ess1 m sm>t 9 dress1 has (t5 caus$ a *>ge ( wit*craft & dea?4 ,!re=e ! native to save 8 life & live 9 peace has smo!r$ 8 inv5tive faculty1 & all _s ( ent]prise has be5 driv5 out ( him4 ,9 ! =ego+ sket* ,i h g5]aliz$1 & h n all[$ = ! exceptions t are always to be f\nd to e rule4 ,anyone :o has liv$ among ! natives1 & has kn[n !m intimately1 w supply examples ( ^? :o 7 k9d1 g5]\s1 grateful1 ( o!rs :o 7 affectionate1 devot$1 unselfi%1 & aga9 ( o!rs :o 7 pati5t1 brave1 fai?ful1 & p]sev]+2 b ^! exceptions %[ t !y are capable ( be+ possess$ by ! noble/ virtues & sway$ by ! highe/ & pure/ motives4 ,g5]ations ( sup]/ition & moral degradation h n entirely oblit]at$ f among !m examples ( k9dness ( he>t & g5]osity ( feel+1 & ^! examples assure u t ) prop] c>e & cultivation su* virtues & graces may become m widespread4 ,^? ( u :o tea* ! native 9 ! work%op & ! s*ool f9d ?r\gh /irr+ up 8 moral & m5tal dep?s _m undesirable qualities com+ to ! top1 & ^! we repress2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 pleasant traits also exhibit !mselves1 & ^! we try to cultivate4 ,! b5eficial results may n be obvi\s to ! unsee+ eye 9 ! fir/ g5]ation1 & p]haps n 9 ! second1 b !y w manife/ !mselves 9 due c\rse4 ,! civilization ( ,engl& is ! outcome ( a ?\s& ye>s' tea*+ & tra9+1 & y _c expect u to atta9 ! same results 9 a g5]ation or two4 ,x is1 at lea/1 unfair ( ^? :o boa/ ( _! 8sup]iority0 to criticize u = n accompli%+ 9 a g5]ation ) 8inf]ior0 mat]ial :at x has tak5 a score ( g5]ations to accompli% 9 _! own case4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,native ,,laws1 ,,crimes1 ,,& ,,ordeals ,! family judge--,! *ief judge--,/ol5 prop]ty--,puni%m5t = murd]--,adult]y--,! ,c\rt--,native advocates--,no oa?s adm9i/]$--,giv+ ! ordeal--,v>i\s ordeals--,an imp>tial judge ne$$--,:ite man z judge--,a selection ( cases4 ,x has already be5 /at$ 9 a previ\s *apt] t ! mata or head-man ( ! family dealt ) all matt]s relat+ to 8 own family1 & aga9/ 8 v]dict !re 0 no appeal2 & also t ! heads ( ! sev]al families =m+ a t[n w\ld meet toge!r & arrange ! affairs ( _! v>i\s families2 b x sometimes happ5$ t ^! 8heads0 disagre$1 & !re 0 a ne$ to call 9 "s outsid] to settle ! case4 ,9 e di/rict !re is a *ief :o is appo9t$ by ! t[ns ( ! di/rict to act z *ief judge 9 all important matt]s--at palav]s betwe5 family & family1 & t[n & t[n4 ,at ! "t ( 8 appo9tm5t ! 8heads0 ( all ! families liv+ 9 ! di/rict :o desir$ to come "u 8 jurisdiction cut d[n 8 planta9 & banana trees4 ,?is action gave him a casus belli aga9/ all ! t[ns t ackn[l$g$ him z a judge4 ,by cutt+ d[n 8 planta9s he became ! (f5d$ p>ty1 & z su* _h ! "r ( aggressive action aga9/ ! (f5d]s4 ,n[1 x 0 ! cu/om t ! p ( ! (f5d+ t[n mu/ n g to fight ! (f5d$ t[n1 b mu/ wait = ! (f5d$ ones to attack !m--! (f5d]s4 ,no subsequ5t qu>rel c\ld be tak5 up until ! fir/ 0 settl$4 ,h5ce ! *ief appo9t$ z judge might enrage a t[n by 8 decision1 & might call on ! o!r t[ns to help him 9 en=c+ 8 v]dict1 yet ! said t[n c\ld n attack ! *ief judge's t[n because ( ! old-/&+ & unsettl$ palav] ( cutt+ d[n 8 planta9s & bananas4 ,?is ensur$ to ! *ief judge immunity f qu>rels ) ! p :o did n l 8 decisions1 & 8 immunity f all su* qu>rels 0 a gu>antee t !re w\ld be a c]ta9 am\nt ( ju/ice & imp>tiality 9 ! v]dicts giv54 ,he 0 paid to act z judge by ^? :o s\ght 8 s]vices1 & ! fees remun]at$ him = 8 tempor>y loss f 8 de/roy$ planta9s & bananas4 ,!re is an unwritt5 code ( r\gh-&-ready laws to guide ! head-m5 & *ief judge 9 decid+ cases4 ,/ol5 prop]ty f\nd on anyone c be claim$ by ! own]1 & ! possessor made to pay a f9e unless he c prove by witnesses t ! article 0 ei!r giv5 to him or he _h b\ght x4 ,! giv] or sell] !n paid ! f9e1 & 9 addition return$ ! money he receiv$ ( ! buy]4 ,! ?ief1 besides return+ ! /ol5 article or replac+ x1 pays1 z a f9e1 an am\nt equal to ! value ( ! goods /ol51 & ! robb$ p]son w reta9 a "p ( ! f9e & give ! re/ to ^? :o help$ him to en=ce ! v]dict4 ,:5 an article is /ol5 ! own] walks ?r\gh ! t[n call+ out a description ( x1 & invok+ on ! ?ief all ! feti% curses t come to 8 m9d4 ,^! curses are (t5 s frightful z to intimidate ! ?ief1 & frequ5tly ! /ol5 goods are secretly replac$4 ,:5 x is f>m produce t has be5 purlo9$1 say "s cassava1 ! robb$ woman ties a piece ( cassava 9 ! cleft end ( a /ick1 & fixes j bel[ x a piece ( ,euphorbia c&elabra1 a p[]ful *>m4 ,?is %e c>ries ?r\gh ! t[n1 call+ out h] loss & invok+ horrible curses on ! ?ief1 & z %e %\ts %e :acks h] feti% /ick1 ) ano!r piece ( wood1 to ar\se x to action aga9/ ! robb]4 ,:5 some?+ valuable1 su* z a piece ( clo? or a l>ge knife or an axe1 is lo/1 & ! own] has a %rewd suspicion t a c]ta9 man is ! ?ief1 he c accuse t man1 & if ! man d5ies ! !ft 8 accus] c dem& t he %all take ! ordeal & ?us def9itely settle ! matt]4 ,to refuse to take ! ordeal is an admission ( guilt4 ,%\ld ! te/ g aga9/ ! accus$ he w h to replace ! /ol5 article1 pay a f9e1 & all ! exp5ses ( ! ordeal dr9k+4 ,b %\ld ! te/ e/abli% 8 innoc5ce1 ! accus] !n has to comp5sate ! accus$ & pay ! fees ( ^? :o adm9i/] ! ordeal4 ,z a rule1 !re are n _m accusations br\ght on m]e suspicion2 !y pref] to discov] ! /ol5 prop]ty on ! ?ief1 or trace x back to him ?r\gh ^? :o h receiv$ x or b\ght x ( him4 ,if a slave kills a slave1 ! own] ( ! murd]$ slave c dem& two & ev5 ?ree slaves 9 place ( ! "o kill$2 & he c !n slay !m all 9 rev5ge or reta9 !m z 8 own slaves1 j z he likes4 ,= ! murd] ( a free man ! blood ( a free man1 or m51 has to be %$4 ,!re is no di/9ction betwe5 prem$itat$ & accid5tal homicide4 ,life has be5 tak51 & x is reg>d$ & dealt ) z murd]4 ,drunk5ness & madness are no excuse = committ+ crimes4 ,adult]y is a p]sonal injury1 = ! (f5d] has us$ some?+ t does n belong to him )\t ! cons5t ( ! own]4 ,! f9e = adult]y is f #ajj to #cjj brass rods--f ?ree to n9e mon?s' ord9>y wages--accord+ to ! position ( ! husb& & ! (f5d+ p>ty4 ,i h nev] he>d ( mutilation z a puni%m5t = adult]y among ! ,boloki4 ,i h se5 x /at$ t an e> is cut (f z a puni%m5t = ?is (f5ce4 ,i travell$ con/antly among !m = fifte5 ye>s1 & only occasionally saw ei!r a "p or ! :ole ( an e> cut (f1 b ,i 0 always told on inquiry t t 0 a puni%m5t = repeat$ !fts1 & ^? ?us mutilat$ 7 slaves4 ,free m5 7 f9$ = !fts & adult]y1 n mutilat$4 ,i h kn[n m5 to be f9ancially ru9$ ?r\gh hav+ to pay f9es = repeat$ acts ( adult]y2 b if ! e>-cutt+ 7 ! puni%m5t !re w\ld n be a s+le man ) bo? e>s1 = !re is n a morally pure "o among !m4 ,! family av5ges all cases ( assault on any ( its memb]s1 no matt] :e!r x is physical viol5ce1 abduction1 rape1 adult]y1 !ft1 or any?+ else2 & no "o has a "r to p>don ! (f5d] except ! injur$ p]son or family4 ,retaliation 9 k9d1 :5 possible1 is ! ess5ce ( ju/ice among ! natives--an eye = an eye1 a cut = a cut1 a bump = a bump1 & a life = a life4 ,:5 retaliation is impossible1 comp5sation by f9es is en=c$4 ,i h se5 a lad c>efully measure a cut t he might inflict "o ( a l size on 8 enemy4 ,gu>dians c use ! wom5 left to _! w>ds z _! own wives1 & may trade ) _! w>d's goods )\t pay+ any int]e/2 b :5 ! w>d rea*es 8 majority he c dem& ! "r numb] ( wom5 f 8 gu>dian1 & ! exact am\nt ( goods left 9 8 *>ge4 ,if ! gu>dian dies 9 ! meantime1 !n 8 heir w take ! privileges & obligations ( ! gu>dian%ip1 & res]ve out ( 8 inh]it$ e/ate ! am\nt due to ! w>d4 ,uncles & heads ( families w act z gu>dians = m9ors left ) prop]ty1 & !y w h to r5d] a prop] acc\nt ( ! am\nt receiv$ :5 ! m9or becomes old en\gh to look aft] 8 own affairs4 ,if a m9or inh]its a 8palav]0 f 8 fa!r1 ! gu>dian _c 8talk0 x1 b ! case has to wait until ! m9or is old en\gh to conduct ! affair himself4 ,i h kn[n cases to be po/pon$ = ?is reason = fifte5 & tw5ty ye>s4 ,"s ye>s be=e we w5t to live at ,monsembe1 a free man & head ( 8 family 0 accus$ ( wit*craft4 ,he agre$ to take ! ordeal1 b z all ! memb]s ( 8 family 7 abs5t f ! t[n1 he wi%$ ! trial to be po/pon$ until _! return4 ,?is ! accus] w\ld n sanction1 & press$ & taunt$ him s t at la/ he took ! ordeal & di$ f its effects4 ,! deceas$'s family return$1 & 7 a/oni%$ to le>n ( ! dea? ( _! 8head40 ,!y ?reat5$ to kill ! accus]1 z !y cont5d$ t _! 8fa!r0 _h n _h a fair trial1 & t he _h a "r to dem& ! po/ponem5t ( ! ordeal until _! return4 ,x result$ 9 a big palav] be+ talk$1 & ! accus] & 8 family 7 compell$ to promise fifte5 slaves to ! family ( ! murd]$ man z comp5sation4 ,! la/ ( ! slaves 0 paid "s eighte5 ye>s aft] ! affair occurr$1 & ,i saw him tak5 by my h\se 9 #aijd to be h&$ ov] 9 completion ( ! impos$ f9e4 ,! c\rt is g5]ally held b5ea? ! %ade ( a spread+ wild fig tree4 ,! head-m5 :o act z jury sit at ! top ( ! squ>e2 ! pla9tiff1 8 witnesses & foll[]s sit on "o side2 ! def5dant1 8 witnesses & foll[]s sit on ! opposite side2 & ! bottom ( ! squ>e is left op5 = neutrals1 onlook]s1 & = ^? com+ & go+4 ,be=e ! proce$+s beg9 ! pla9tiff & def5dant w ea* take _! p>ty ( foll[]s on "o side1 b 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n1 & /ate t]sely _! case to !m1 & !n di/ribute f #bjj to #fjj brass rods among !m accord+ to ! importance ( ! case4 ,x is _! duty to clap _! h&s & applaud e po9t made by ! "o :o hires !m1 & to laugh ironically at ! argum5ts ( ! o!r side4 ,^! foll[]s w be ga!r$ f any ( ! m5 belong+ to ! neighb\r+ t[ns :o happ5 to be drawn toge!r to he> a 8big palav]0 & pick up a few brass rods4 ,!y are 9 hon\r b\nd to applaud _! own side1 & to rema9 z long z ! case la/s t day4 ,if ! case goes into ! second & ?ird days1 !n 8refre%]s0 h to be giv5 to ! cr[d ( foll[]s ea* day4 ,"s :o h urg5t bus9ess _c att5d ! second day1 b !re are o!rs to take _! places :o 7 n able to be pres5t on ! fir/ day4 ,i h se5 f #aej to #bjj foll[]s on ea* side1 mo/ ( :om _h no int]e/ 9 ! case beyond ! ?ree or f\r rods !y receiv$ = %\t+ on "o side or ! o!r4 ,!re 0 a fiction t !y 7 g5u9ely int]e/$ support]s ( ! side !y took2 b ,i h (t5 be5 pres5t :5 ! rods 7 divid$ among !m1 & "k = a fact t ! majority did n c>e :i* side won4 ,!y always made sure ( _! rods be=e !y %\t$ & clapp$4 ,if ! man :o has a case is n a good speak] he c engage an advocate 7nt5deko g-betwe57 to speak on 8 behalf = a fee ( f #bjj to #cjj brass rods a day4 ,su* m5 are natural orators1 & x is a pleasure to he> !m speak & see _! graceful actions4 ,:5 all is ready ! p>ties take up _! positions opposite ea* o!r1 & ! pla9tiff w op5 ! proce$+s by /at+ 8 case1 & call+ on witnesses1 if he has any1 to confirm 8 /atem5ts4 ,! speak] holds 9 8 h& a small bun* ( palm-frond leaves1 & z ea* po9t is r\nd$ (f he lays a leaflet on ! gr\nd 9 front ( him4 ,:5 he makes a tell+ po9t aga9/ 8 oppon5t 8 foll[]s clap _! h&s1 %\t1 laugh1 & snap _! f+]s at ea* o!r1 & ! wits ( ! p>ty hurl quips1 jokes1 gibes1 & prov]bs at ! opposite side1 & try to look z ?\gh x 7 impossible to lose su* a /rong case s lucidly /at$4 ,^! breaks give ! speak] a brea?+ "t 9 :i* to collect 8 ?\ghts & ga9 /r5g? = ! next po9t4 ,s ! speak] w g on /at+ po9t aft] po9t until !re are twelve or fifte5 leaflets on ! gr\nd1 all ly+ 9 ! ord] ( 8 argum5ts4 ,be=e sitt+ d[n he w briefly /ate ! argum5t t ea* leaflet repres5ts1 & x is r>ely t he makes a mi/ake 9 ! ord]1 & if he does ^? sitt+ close by w in/antly correct him4 ,if n too late 9 ! day ! def5dant /ates 8 case1 combat+ 8 oppon5t's argum5ts1 calls 8 witnesses1 puts d[n 8 leaflets "o by "o1 & re/s :ile 8 foll[]s indulge 9 bant]+ ! o!r side4 ,int]ruptions are frequ5t1 noisy1 & (t5 come to ! v]ge ( viol5ce4 ,at a bit+ s>casm1 or a bitt] retort1 spe>s & knives w %ake 7= all ! m5 pres5t are well arm$71 & m ?an once ,i h be5 s5t = to int]v5e at a critical mom5t & to /op blood%$ or a g5]al mle4 ,_m a "t has an old *ief come to my door & said3 8,:ite man1 !y are fight+2 come & /op !m40 ,& my wife has (t5 ?\ght ,i 0 badly w\nd$ 9 ! scuffle1 = 9 pu%+ my way among !m ! r$ camwood p[d] w\ld be transf]r$ f _! bodies to my coat1 & w\ld %[ up l blood on my :ite g>m5t4 ,! jury ( head-m51 aft] ! def5dant has f9i%$1 )draw to g ov] ! evid5ce pro & con1 & to consid] _! v]dict2 & on _! return a c\ple ( m5 ) f9e wood-a%es1 or p[d]$ camwood on leaves1 take up positions--"o ne> ! pla9tiff & ! o!r ne> ! def5dant4 ,! appo9t$ *ief judge w sum up ! case & give ! v]dict1 say1 9 fav\r ( ! def5dant1 & in/antly ! man sitt+ ne> him w rub1 ) m vig\r ?an g5tl5ess1 ! wood-a%es or camwood p[d] ov] ! face ( ! w9n] z a sign to all t he is acquitt$ ( ! *>ge br\ght aga9/ him4 ,he w leave ! mess on 8 face = days z a pro(1 to all & sundry1 ( 8 acquittal4 ,! los] ( ! case refunds ! w9n] all 8 exp5ses1 pays ! judge & jury ( *iefs1 & is a poor] if n sadd] & wis] man4 ,!re appe>s to be no cross-exam9ation ( witnesses1 no gu>antee ( tru?fulness1 & no puni%m5t = p]jury4 ,ea* side />ts away 9 ! f>-di/ant pa/1 & drags 9 z mu* irrelevant matt] z possible1 & ?us fogs1 confuses & entangles ! case to ! be/ ( 8 abilities4 ,! ordeal is at times resort$ to 9 ord] to decide involv$ cases1 & f ! results ( ! ordeal !re is no appeal4 ,sometimes1 aft] "o or two days' he>+1 ! jury is n able 7or is afraid7 to decide a case satisfactorily 9 fav\r ( ei!r side1 & !n x is dismiss$--ea* side be>+ its own exp5ses4 ,!re is no?+ resembl+ an oa? adm9i/]$ to witnesses1 & !re are no modes ( puni%+ p]jury1 h5ce witnesses are seldom call$ ^u to give evid5ce 9 a case1 & :5 !y are put =w>d no "o on ! opposite side & no judge accepts _! /atem5ts z true4 ,9 ord9>y cases ! judge & jury ( head-m5 decide ! case on _! own k ( ! affair 7& ! argum5ts ( ! pla9tiffs & def5dants71 = !y are fully 9 t\* ) all local matt]s1 & only local cases are laid be=e !m4 ,9 complicat$ palav]s !y resort to ! ordeals1 :i* are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,nka 7,l[] ,congo nkasa71 :i* among ! ,boloki 0 ! out] r$di% sk9 ( ! rootlet ( a c]ta9 tree c>efully scrap$ (f4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i _h ! opportunity ( witness+ a r complicat$ discussion & cross-accusation settl$1 to ! satisfaction ( all ! natives pres5t1 by ! p>ties conc]n$ dr9k+1 or r eat+1 ! ordeal4 ,! trial took place on neutral gr\nd1 i4e4 9 a section ( ! t[n midway betwe5 ! sections 9 :i* liv$ ! p>ties :o 7 conc]n$4 ,! c\rt-h\se 0 a wide-spread+ wild fig tree t ?rew a %ade ov] ! :ole ( ! ga!r$ cr[d1 :i* =m$ an oblong figure4 ,! pla9tiff /ood at "o end ) 8 support]s1 ! def5dant at ! o!r ) 81 & ! two sides 7 occupi$ by neutral spectators & sympa?iz]s4 ,! case 0 z foll[s3 ,! pla9tiff _h two slaves run away1 & aft] "s days he he>d t ^! slaves _h escap$ 9 a canoe belong+ to ! def5dant1 s he accus$ ! latt] ( aid+ & abett+ _! escape1 & want$ him to pay ! price ( ! slaves4 ,! def5dant1 on ! o!r h&1 desir$ ! pla9tiff to pay him back a canoe1 or ! price ( x1 z he said x _h be5 /ol5 by ! pla9tiff's slaves4 ,= ?ree h\rs !y discuss$ ! matt] & tri$ to arrange an amicable compromise2 ?is1 h[ev]1 0 impossible1 z ea* wi%$ to get ! be/ ( ! b>ga94 ,f ! v nature ( ! case x 0 impossible to call witnesses1 al?\gh _m p]sons spoke on ei!r side4 ,at la/ x 0 decid$ t ! p>ties %\ld take ! ordeal 7nka74 ,ea* 0 s confid5t ( ! righte\sness ( 8 claims t he 0 will+ & eag] to eat 8 portion ( ! poison\s drug to support !m4 ,! pla9tiff 0 a %ort1 ?ick-set "y man tr\bl$ ) elephantiasis1 & f t & 8 app>5t n]v\sness he 0 greatly h&icapp$ 9 ! trial4 ,! def5dant 0 a tall1 ?91 wiry man ab\t fifty ye>s ( age1 :o _h1 ,i ?9k1 (t5 tak5 ! nka be=e1 & 0 inur$ to x4 ,! ordeal drug us$ 0 ! out] sk9 ( ! rootlets ( a tree t 0 to be f\nd up ! ,lulanga ,riv]--a tribut>y t ent]s ! ,congo ,riv] on ! s\? "s =ty miles bel[ ! ,monsembe di/rict4 ,:5 scrap$ (f ! rootlets x is v fluffy & ( a deep sc>let col\r4 ,two 8m$ic9e m50 prep>$ equal portions ( ! nka4 ,!re 0 ab\t a tablespoonful 9 ea* portion4 ,! accus$ _h fir/ *oice1 aft] :i* ea* 8m$ic9e man0 ) a portion ( ! nka 9 ! palm ( 8 h& took up 8 position by ! side ( 8 cli5t1 & at a giv5 signal ! portions ( ! ordeal 7 simultane\sly held to ! m\? ( ! two oppon5ts1 & at ! same mom5t !y began to *ew ! drug4 ,aft] *ew+ = a few mom5ts ea* wa%$ x d[n ) gulps ( sug>-cane w9e4 ,aft] tak+ ! ordeal ! m5 7 n all[$ to sit d[n1 nor to lean aga9/ any?+1 nor ev5 to t\* any?+ ) _! h&s4 ,! ordeal giv5 9 ! above quantity blurs ! vision1 di/ort+ & enl>g+ all objects1 makes ! legs tremble1 ! head giddy1 & gives a *ok+ s5sation 9 ! ?roat & *e/4 ,9 fact1 x gives all ! symptoms ( intoxication1 & a few m besides4 ,! "o :o fir/ becomes intoxicat$ & falls d[n loses 8 case1 & ! "o :o resi/s ! effects ( ! drug & controls himself ! longe/ w9s4 ,ab\t five m9utes aft] !y _h tak5 ! ordeal "o ( ! 8m$ic9e m50 /epp$ into ! c5tre ) a planta9 /alk 9 8 h&1 ab\t #b feet #f in*es long & f #c to #d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,he fl\ri%$ ! /alk ab\t a little & !n plac$ x 9 front ( ! pla9tiff = him to /ep ov]4 ,! pla9tiff w5t =w>d boldly1 /epp$ ov] ! /alk1 & return$ to 8 place4 ,?is he repeat$ six times )\t 8 feet once t\*+ ! /alk4 ,! def5dant _h !n to g ?r\gh ! same te/1 :i* he did laugh+ly1 ?r[+ 8 legs & arms ab\t 9 all directions4 ,?is 0 done occasionally = ! next ?irty m9utes1 & by t "t ! pla9tiff began to %[ signs ( intoxication4 ,8 /eps falt]$1 8 eyes bright5$ & gl>$1 & x 0 ) difficulty t he rais$ 8 feet ov] ! /alk4 ,!n ! 8m$ic9e man0 began to mock him by pret5d+ to put ! /alk close to 8 feet & tantaliz+ly draw+ x back4 ,=ty m9utes aft] tak+ ! nka ! climax came4 ,! 8m$ic9e man0 ?rew ! /alk to ! def5dant1 :o caught x 9 8 h&s & c>ri$ x to ! c5tre ( ! cr[d1 :]e1 firmly fix+ 8 feet on ! gr\nd1 he c>efully /oop$ =w>d & plac$ ! /alk ) bo? h&s 9 a /raight l9e1 !n sl[ly rais+ himself he return$ to 8 place4 ,! pla9tiff !n w5t to pick up ! /alk1 b no soon] did he lean =w>d ?an a spasm ( pa9 seem$ to seize him1 & he w\ld h fall5 9 a heap on ! gr\nd _h n a man :o = ! la/ tw5ty m9utes _h foll[$ him closely caught him 9 8 arms & quickly c>ri$ him to 8 h\se4 ,no soon] did ! cr[d ( neutrals see ! fall ( "o ( ! oppon5ts ?an ) a b\nd !y jump$ to _! feet1 & ) spe>s & knives rais$ 9 ! air !y danc$1 %\t$1 & sang ar\nd ! w9n]4 ,"s rubb$ dirt1 o!rs a%es1 & o!rs r$ camwood p[d] on ! fell['s face--a sign t he _h won ! case4 ,!y hoi/$ him on ! back ( a fri5d & accompani$ him to 8 hut1 & !re he di/ribut$ #djj brass rods among ! ?rong ( 8 admir]s :o swore !y _h help$ him to w9 8 cause4 ,he sat outside 8 h\se all ! re/ ( ! day ) 8 face sme>$1 s t all c\ld see t he _h won1 & c\ld congratulate him4 ,! pla9tiff _h to pay him two slaves & a canoe z damages4 ,! next day bo? ! pla9tiff & ! def5dant 7 walk+ ab\t ! t[n1 & seem$ none ! worse = swall[+ s p[]ful & dang]\s a drug4 ,!y app>5tly _h no enmity t[>ds ea* o!r1 b *att$ freely & laugh+ly ov] ! ev5ts ( ! previ\s day4#bj ,footnote #bj3 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo ! ordeal is giv5 only to ! accus$1 & if he does n vomit x1 !n x is fatal1 & ! man fall+ is beat5 & /abb$ to dea? z guilty ( wit*craft4 ,:5 "o rememb]s ! am\nt ( corruption & brib]y among ^! p--t ! mo/ famili> words on _! lips are 8lie0 & 8li>10 & ! mo/ frequ5t "q is1 8,is x true80 & ! answ]1 8,x is true1 or cut my ?roat0--! wond] is t !y c settle a palav] 9 any way4 ,to dr9k ! ordeal & be ei!r "r or wrong accord+ to its action settles ! affair once = all1 ends all possible deadly feuds & blood%$1 & saves _m a man f :at is worse ?an dea?1 viz4 an ev]-pres5t1 anxi\s fe> ( :at 8 enemy or enemies w d to him4 ,if a man accuses ano!r ( giv+ him a disease1 or ( caus+ ! dea? ( 8 wife by wit*craft1 h[ c ! accus$ disprove su* a *>ge8 ,n by talk+1 no matt] h[ mu* he may swe> t he is innoc5t4 ,if he calls ! head-m5 toge!r1 he kn[s ! v]dict w be giv5 9 fav\r ( ! "o :o pays ! mo/2 if he runs away he w soon be captur$ by "s o!r t[n & probably sold to furni% a cannibal fea/2 if he runs to a fri5dly t[n he w lose ca/e1 he w be treat$ ) contempt z a c[>d1 & 8 life r5d]$ mis]able4 ,s he boldly /eps =? & takes ! ordeal & ! affair is settl$4 ,is ! ordeal 9 8 fav\r8 ,!n he claims & receives heavy damages4 ,does ! ordeal g aga9/ him8 ,!n he pays ! damages1 if weal?y en\gh1 or1 if poor1 he sells himself1 or if he is already a slave !n 8 ma/] pays = him2 b :atev] be ! result1 t palav] is decid$ once = all4 ,no /igma atta*es to ! man :o is prov$ guilty by ! ordeal1 = 8"o c h wit*craft )\t kn[+ x40 ,moreov]1 no "o lightly br+s a *>ge ( wit*craft aga9/ ano!r1 =1 if ! ordeal te/ goes aga9/ ! accus]1 ! damages = comp5sation are s v heavy z to det] frivol\s accusations4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ! nka is res]v$ = v complicat$ civil cases & = s]i\s *>ges ( wit*craft2 b !re are o!r ordeals us$ = m9or *>ges ( wit*craft & = v>i\s o!r (f5ces4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,epomi & mokungu are bo? trees4 ,! juice f ! b>k ( ^! trees is press$ out & dropp$ into ! eye ( ! accus$1 & if ! sight is de/roy$ ! accus$ is guilty4 ,! epomi juice is m p[]ful ?an ! mokungu4 ,! nka & epomi are = wit*craft & s]i\s *>ges ( !ft & adult]y1 b ! mokungu is us$ only 9 ! m trivial *>ges4 ,9 ea* case ! accus$ c refuse to submit to ! ordeal unless ! accus] takes x ) him1 h5ce ! juices ( ^! trees are r>ely employ$4 ,:5 a 8m$ic9e man0 *>ges a p]son ) be+ a wit*1 ! accus$ _c dem& t ! 8m$ic9e man0 %all take ! ordeal ) him4 ,ano!r te/ is z foll[s3 ,?ree boys are accus$ ( ?iev+1 :i* *>ge !y indignantly repudiate2 ?ree "y planta9s are !n cut--"o to repres5t ea* boy--& ! juice ( ! mokungu b>k is press$ into ! c5tre ( ea* planta9 /ump left 9 ! gr\nd4 ,n[ x is usual t :5 a planta9 is cut x w1 9 a few h\rs1 s5d up f its c5tre ! beg9n+s ( a fre% gr[?2 b if "o ( ! ?ree planta9 /umps does n beg9 to spr\t afre% by ! next morn+1 ! lad repres5t$ by t planta9 is ! guilty "o2 if two d n spr\t1 !n !re are two ?ieves1 & if none spr\t1 !n all ! ?ree lads are reg>d$ z guilty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if all ?ree spr\t z usual1 !n ! lads are prov$ to be innoc5t ( ! accusation4 ,! mokungu juice de/roys ! eye1 s 9 m]cy ! 8eyes0 ( ! planta9 are us$ z sub/itutes = ! eyes ( ! lads1 & x is probable t ! juice :5 well press$ 9 ret>ds = a %ort "t ! spr\t+ ( ! planta94 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,,:ite ,,ants' ,,ne/ ,:ite ants are a con/ant m5ace to ! woodwork 9 h\ses1 to /ores1 & to books4 ,at "o ( our /ations suffici5t clay 0 procur$ f a :ite ants' ne/ to make #bej1jjj bricks4 ,x is spl5did mat]ial = t purpose4 ,l+ola is a ^w d5ot+ ! giv+ ( ! ordeal to a m$ium 7moy5gwa71 & aft] a c]ta9 "t1 :5 ! ordeal beg9s to "w1 ! "n ( a man :o is suppos$ to be ! wit* is call$ out1 & if ! m$ium /umbles ov] ! planta9 /alk put 9 8 pa? :ile ?is "n is 8on ! c>d0 ! own] ( ! "n is reg>d$ z guilty2 b if ! m$ium does n /umble ! man is innoc5t1 & ano!r "n is call$1 & ! process is repeat$ until ! wit* is f\nd or ! effects ( ! drug h pass$ away f ! m$ium4 ,mai ma mungunga wat] ( ! bell4 ,?is is us$ by ! 8m$ic9e man ( ! bell40 ,a p]son is v ill & *>ges "s memb]s ( 8 family ) bewit*+ him4 ,!y d5y ! accusation1 & he !reupon *all5ges !m to dr9k wat] t has be5 dipp$ up 9 ! 8m$ic9e man's0 bell1 :i* w n hurt !m if !y are innoc5t1 b w kill !m if !y are guilty ( ! *>ge4 ,anyone :o refuses to dr9k f ! bell is reg>d$ z guilty4 ,:at con/itutes guilt 9 su* cases8 ,simply a /rong desire t a p]son might die2 & h[ (t5 9 _! uncontrollable ang] h !y wi%$ = "o ano!r's dea?2 h5ce occasionally an ov]-s5sitive p]son w refuse to dr9k out ( ! bell = fe> ( ! consequ5ces4 ,by frequ5tly dr9k+ ! ordeal drug "o becomes immune f its effects1 & ,i h notic$ t old p :o h tak5 x _m times nev] feel intoxicat$ by x2 b "y p1 :o 7 n us$ to x1 fell quickly f its n>cotic effects on _! sy/em4 ,i h no d\bt t ! adm9i/rators ( ! v>i\s ordeals 7 op5 to brib]y & o!r influ5ces1 & c\ld1 & w\ld1 dilute ! ordeal = "o 9 :om !y 7 int]e/$4 ,! natives 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! way _! 8palav]s0 7 settl$4 ,_! co/1 ! long "t x took to talk !m1 & ! unfair fav\ritism ( ! head-m5 made !m wi% = "s bett] mode ( deal+ ) _! affairs4 ,ab\t #ahig & #ahih !y frequ5tly ask$ me to act z judge1 z !y felt t ,i %\ld be absolutely imp>tial 9 my v]dicts1 b ,i object$ to d s1 because ,i _h no p[] to compel a man to appe> be=e me2 &1 aga91 ,i _h no soldi]s to en=ce any v]dict ,i might give1 & ?us ,i %\ld wa/e my "t 9 li/5+ & try+ to settle _! palav]s4 ,aft] "s "t x 0 arrang$ t ! two p]sons wi%+ me to arbitrate on _! case %\ld ea* br+ me a f[l z a tok5 t !y desir$ me to settle _! dispute1 & 7 will+ to abide by my decision4 ,?is giv+ ( a f[l we$$ out ! trivial cases t w\ld h wa/$ my "t1 & yet 0 n prohibitive1 = :]eas a f[l co/ only f #aj to #bj brass rods ea*1 ! paym5ts "u ! old me?od ran into #ejj rods or m4 ,moreov]1 ,i gave !m to und]/& t directly ,i he>d t a v]dict _h be5 defi$1 n ano!r case w\ld ,i judge until ! said v]dict _h be5 hon\r$4 ,i mu/ 9 all fairness say t al?\gh ,i judg$ _m scores ( cases n a s+le v]dict 0 disreg>d$4 ,! c\rt-h\se 0 ! v]&ah ( my h\se1 ab\t #h feet wide & #ej feet long4 ,nei!r knives nor spe>s 7 all[$ on x or ne> x4 ,i g5]ally sat on a *air 9 ! middle ( ! v]&ah--on ei!r side 7 ! oppos+ factions1 & _m onlook]s 7 on ! gr\nd bel[4 ,!re 0 g5]ally sitt+ ne> by a man ) "s wood-a%es or r$ camwood p[d] 9 a leaf1 ready to rub x on ! face ( ! w9n]4 ,only "o 0 all[$ to speak at a "t1 & ! talk+ 0 conf9$ to ! po9ts at issue4 ,a few que/ions well put w\ld (t5 ?r[ su* a light on ! matt] "u consid]ation t ! pla9tiff himself w\ld feel t 8 claim 0 prepo/]\s4 ,z a result ( ?is plan v few cases took m ?an half an h\r4 ,:5 cases 7 talk$ 9 ! t[n ev]ybody 0 p]mitt$ to speak1 & (t5 !y spoke all toge!r4 ,a ?\s& extrane\s ?+s 7 dragg$ 9 to ! hid+ & confus+ ( ! real po9t1 & sometimes !y w\ld be all day ov] a v small matt]1 & !n n settle x4 ,i h kn[n !m to fight ov] ! irritat+ gibes !y ?rew at ea* o!r1 & ,i (t5 _h to sep>ate ! combatants--a little /]n au?ority & a few jokes h quiet$ !m d[n2 b x 0 mu* easi] & bett] to act z arbitrator & settle ! palav] ?an to h frequ5t qu>rels & r[s4 ,i kept a record ( _m cases1 & ,i h]e) transcribe a few = ! b5efit ( my read]s1 z !y ?r[ consid]able light on ! native life & mode ( ?\ght4 ,case ,i4 ,! pla9tiff said t _m ye>s ago 8 bro!r 0 v ill1 & w5t to ! def5dant's fa!r's t[n = m$ic9e4 ,:5 he 0 dy+ ! sick man took a long flat pod & /ruck 8 fri5d1 ! 8m$ic9e man10 across ! ankle4 ,= ?is ! 8doctor0 dem&$ f ! family ( 8 deceas$ pati5t a slave1 ?ree pots ( sug>-cane w9e1 two spe>s1 & "s brass rods4 ,! pla9tiff paid ! goods at ! "t1 b n[ he wi%$ to h !m return$ on ! gr\nd t3 7#a7 ,no m$ic9e 0 made & giv5 to 8 bro!r1 i4e4 ! pati5t di$ be=e he c\ld be treat$2 & 7#b7 ,t s9ce :ite p _h come he c\ld see t x 0 /upid to foll[ su* cu/oms4 ,! def5dant ackn[l$g$ ! debt on behalf ( 8 fa!r 7! 8doctor071 :o 0 dead4 ,he admitt$ t ! above /atem5t 0 correct1 & t ! cu/om 0 q g5]al 9 ?is "p ( ,congo1 & 0 recogniz$ by all4 ,x seem$ to be "o way ( mak+ a codicil to a w1 or a mode ( leav+ prop]ty to an outsid] :o legally did n inh]it any?+1 b :o1 on acc\nt ( 8 te*nical assault1 _h a legal claim = comp5sation to be paid out ( ! deceas$'s e/ate4 ,i told !m t ,i c\ld n int]f]e ) palav]s t _h happ5$ s long ago2 b 9 future :5 a man 0 dy+ & want$ to leave an outsid] any ( 8 prop]ty1 he 0 to call "s ( 8 family & direct !m to give ,s-&-s c]ta9 goods aft] 8 dea?4 ,only su* a beque/ w\ld be recogniz$4 ,_! own cu/om 0 a good "o1 viz43 ,a tok5 0 giv5 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses1 & ! article or articles nam$4 ,! elde/ son 0 !n in=m$ ( ! tok51 ! p]son to :om x 0 giv51 & ! nature ( ! goods bequea!d4 ,aft] ! te/ator's dea? ! tok5 0 tak5 to ! elde/ son1 & ! prop]ty h&$ ov] 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses4 ,case ,,ii4 ,a man ( ab\t #de ye>s ( age compla9$ t a "y fell[1 !n pres5t1 _h a woman belong+ to him & w\ld n give h] up4 ,by a s]ies ( que/ions ! foll[+ facts 7 elicit$3 ,! pla9tiff's "m 0 liv+ 9 a bu% t[n2 goods 7 be+ cont9ually /ol5 f h] h\se1 until at la/ %e w5t & consult$ a 8wit*-doctor0 :o resid$ 9 a riv]-side t[n4 ,%e desir$ to take ! ordeal 7nka7 to discov] :e!r %e _h unwitt+ly /ol5 & hidd5 h] own prop]ty1 or someone else _h be5 ! ?ief4 ,:5 ! 8wit*-doctor0 0 ab\t to adm9i/] ! nka ! woman 0 dissuad$ by h] fri5ds f tak+ x4 ,! 8wit*-doctor0 !reupon w5t to ! woman's husb& & dem&$ a slave on ! gr\nd t he _h prep>$ ! ordeal :i* ! wife _h n tak51 & by h] refusal to take x %e 0 br++ contempt on 8 feti%4 ,! husb& ackn[l$g$ ! ju/ice ( ! claim & paid a female slave z comp5sation4 ,! pla9tiff n[ want$ t slave or ano!r return$4 ,! def5dant admitt$ ! facts z /at$1 b said x all happ5$ long be=e he 0 born4 ,! pla9tiff said x took place be=e !y _h ev] he>d ( :ite p1 & :5 he 0 a little boy 7or ab\t #ahfh74 ,i dismiss$ ! case ) co/s--"o f[l f ea* p>ty4 ,case ,,iii4 ,lokangi 0 a lad ( ab\t #ad ye>s4 ,he w5t "o day 9 a canoe ) "s "y m5 to take ! mon?ly tax to ,diboko 7,n\velles ,anv]s74 ,:ile on ! way a crocodile attack$ ! canoe1 :i* 0 upset1 & ! :ole p>ty ( six paddl]s 0 ?r[n into ! riv]4 ,! crocodile caught ,lokangi1 & he 0 se5 no m4 ,lokangi's family1 ! pla9tiffs 9 ?is case1 accus$ ! lead] ( ! canoe p>ty ( bewit*+ ! crocodile to take ,lokangi & leave all ! o!rs2 !y argu$ t he mu/ h bewit*$ ! crocodile to d s1 = :y 7 none ( ! o!rs seiz$8 ,! def5dant admitt$ t ,lokangi _h be5 kill$ 9 ! mann] /at$1 b /r5u\sly d5i$ hav+ bewit*$ ! bea/ to take ! lad4 ,i w5t c>efully & pati5tly into ! :ole palav] ( su* sup]/itions1 & at ! close gave ! v]dict 9 fav\r ( ! def5dant4 ,case ,,iv4 ,pla9tiff said ! def5dant ow$ him "o woman1 "s spe>s1 & #cjjj brass rods4 ,! def5dant d5i$ ! debt4 ,on exam9ation x 0 prov$ t ! def5dant's fa!r ow$ ! above-/at$ am\nt to ! pla9tiff1 b ! fa!r 0 dead1 & ! def5dant 7an only son7 _h inh]it$ 8 fa!r's goods4 ,i laid x d[n z a pr9ciple t ! inh]itor %\ld pay ! debts ow+ by ! p]son ^: e/ate he inh]it$1 & if ! am\nt ( ! debts exce$$ ! sum inh]it$ he %\ld n be responsible = ! :ole ( ! debts1 b %\ld divide ! prop]ty receiv$ among ! cr$itors2 b if ! prop]ty exce$$ ! debts1 he %\ld pay ! debts & keep ! surplus = himself4 ,! case 0 ?us settl$1 9 fav\r ( ! pla9tiff1 to ev]ybody's satisfaction4 ,case ,v4 ,pla9tiff said he ow$ ! def5dant #ajjj brass rods1 b z he did n pay up quickly ! def5dant lay 9 wait & caught 8 two wives :o _h gone toge!r to fi% among ! isl&s2 t by "r ( cu/om he %\ld h tak5 only "o & let ! o!r g4 ,def5dant admitt$ ! /atem5t made z correct1 b said t he _h gone s (t5 to ! pla9tiff's t[n to collect 8 debt1 & _h be5 put (f ) su* unreasonable excuses1 t he 0 angry & took ! two wom5 in/ead ( "o4 ,i po9t$ out3 7#a7 ,t ! price ( a woman 0 #bejj rods1 b ! debt 0 only #ajjj1 & ! exp5ses 7fees to ! m5 :o help$ him7 only #ejj1 mak+ 9 all #aejj1 & ! value ( "o woman m ?an cov]$ ?is am\nt4 7#b7 ,9 ty+ up two wom5 he _h greatly exce$$ ! debt1 & _h ?us put himself 9 ! wrong4 ,v]dict = ! pla9tiff4 ,"o woman to be return$ at once1 & ! o!r to be deliv]$ up on paym5t by ! pla9tiff ( #ahjj rods2 ! def5dant to lose ?us #bjj rods = ty+ up two wom5 :5 "o well cov]$ ! debt & exp5ses4 ,case ,,vi4 ,motuli1 ! pla9tiff1 said he ow$ ! def5dant a woman1 & 9 paym5t ( ! debt he h&$ ov] a woman l>ge ) *ild1 ( :i* he1 ,motuli1 0 ! fa!r4 ,! *ild 0 n[ two ye>s old1 & he want$ ! *ild to be h&$ ov] to him4 ,! def5dant all[$ t all ! above 0 true1 b said t z ! *ild 0 born aft] ! woman came into 8 possession1 ! *ild 0 84 ,i po9t$ out to ,motuli3 7#a7 ,t he 0 wrong to give 8 wife1 by :om he 0 expect+ a *ild1 9 paym5t ( a debt4 7#b7 ,he %\ld h made an agreem5t at ! "t ) 8 cr$itor respect+ ! own]%ip ( ! *ild4 7#c7 ,t if ! woman _h di$ 9 *ild-bir? he w\ld h refus$ to pay ano!r 9 h] place1 s z ! cr$itor took h] & ! risks ) h] ! *ild %\ld rema9 ) its "m4 ,motuli ?us lo/ ! case & 0 v angry4 ,case ,,vii4 ,bodia1 ! pla9tiff1 said he b\ght a wife ( ! def5dant & _h "o *ild by h]1 :i* 0 n[ ?ree ye>s old2 t :5 8 wife _h a second *ild %e di$ 9 deliv]y1 & n[ ! "m & second *ild 7 dead4 ,he want$ ei!r ! money return$1 or t ! def5dant %\ld pay him ano!r woman4 ,def5dant admitt$ t all ! /atem5ts 7 true1 b said t ,bodia _h _h ! woman a long "t & he c\ld n see t he 0 responsible = h] dea?4 ,i expla9$ to ,bodia3 7#a7 ,t e woman :o _h a *ild _h x at "s risk to h] life4 7#b7 ,t he _h own$ ! woman = f\r ye>s1 & %e _h f>m$1 cook$1 & borne him "o *ild2 & z he _h br\ght h] into ! position t caus$ h] dea?1 he himself mu/ accept ! loss4 7#c7 ,8 fir/ *ild 0 prop]ly born & gr[n up heal?y1 s !re 0 no mal=mation ( ! womb4 ,v]dict = ! def5dant4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,my?ology ,,& ,,folk ,,lore ,ideas conc]n+ rebir?--,ideas conc]n+ :ite m5--,a hippopotamus _s--,a pr$iction--,retic5ce ( natives--,recit$ r\nd ! fire--,! orig9 ( man--,! sun--,a deluge--,! de/ruction ( ! _w--,fifte5 folk-lore /ories4 ,!re 7 mi/y ideas1 b no def9ite belief1 conc]n+ ! rebir? ( _! deceas$ ance/ors4 ,a few ye>s be=e ,/anley desc5d$ ! ,congo !re 0 a g5]al belief extant among ! ,boloki t _m ( _! ance/ors w\ld appe> 9 ano!r =m1 & yet w\ld be recognizable by simil>ity ( features to ^? ^: appe>ances ! spirits took4 ,:5 ! :ite m5 arriv$ ?is belief seem$ to be confirm$ by ! fact t ! natives (t5 ?\ght !y saw a lik5ess 9 ! features1 walk1 or ge/ures ( "s ( ! :ite m5 to dead m5 :om !y knew4 ,i myself h (t5 be5 surpris$ & amus$ :5 a motion1 a glance1 or "s little peculi>ity among ^! folk has call$ vividly to m9d "s p]son ,i knew at home4 ,!re 0 "o man ,i nev] met )\t hav+ a c]ta9 uncle ( m9e recall$ to m9d1 & ano!r p]son--a girl--always by an indescribable some?+ rem9d$ me ( a girl ,i knew 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 we came "h 9 #ahij my colleague 0 ?\ght to resemble a *ief :o _h di$ "s "t be=e1 & ,i 0 ?\ght to be l ano!r deceas$ *ief belong+ to a family t _h a hippopotamus = its om5 7n totem1 t is ano!r ^w72 & ?is view 0 confirm$ by my fir+ on two successive nights at a hippopotamus t came pr[l+ ab\t our bea*1 = ! animal s5t me a message4#ba ,footnote #ba3 ,see ,*apt] ,,xix1 p4 #bff1 = full details4 ,we f\nd a pr$iction extant t :ite m5 w\ld come1 & "s ( !m w\ld be l *iefs :o _h di$2 b ?is slight suspicion ( a belief 9 re9c>nation may1 ,i ?9k1 be acc\nt$ = by rum\rs ( ! :ite m5 hav+ filt]$ ?r\gh f ! coa/s4 ,! ,boloki ?irty-five ye>s ago 7 a /rong1 w>-lov+ p :o travell$ f> & wide on ! riv]2 & slaves 7 b\ght & ex*ang$ f widely diff]5t p>ts1 &1 ( c\rse1 c>ri$ ) !m ! news & rum\rs1 true & false1 ( _! la/ resid5ces4 ,?is factor 9 ! dissem9at+ ( religi\s belief1 & ! int]weav+ ( ^? beliefs into :at is (t5 a pat*work sy/em ( belief1 has n always be5 prop]ly all[$ = 9 deal+ ) ! sup]/itions ( ,african races4 ,soon aft] we op5$ our /ation 9 ,augu/1 #ahij1 ,i tri$ to procure "s native /ories f ! boys1 b fail$ 9 e attempt4 ,i felt sure1 h[ev]1 t !y _h folk tales1 & !re=e p]sev]$1 ?\gh ne>ly two ye>s pass$ be=e ,i 0 successful4 ,"o ev5+1 9 ! e>ly mon?s ( #ahib1 "s boys sat on ! floor ( my h\se talk+ :ile ,i 0 busy writ+4 ,aft] a "t ,i notic$ t "o 0 talk+ & ! o!rs li/5+ int5tly4 ,i made a m5tal note ( ! circum/ance1 & ! next day ,i ask$ ! lad to write out on a slate 7= 9 ! meantime we _h taught !m to read & write7 ! palav] he _h told ! boys on ! previ\s ev5+4 ,he did s1 & ,i f\nd x 0 a native /ory4 ,i gave him a few brass rods1 ask$ him to write "s m1 :i* he did2 & 9 a %ort "t ,i _h f\r or five boys writ+ /ories on my v]&ah1 & v (t5 "o boy :o knew a /ory1 b c\ld n write1 sat & told x to "o :o c\ld1 & !n %>$ ! spoil4 ,we h betwe5 sixty & sev5ty native /ories1 & mo/ ( !m 7 h&$ d[n by "o *ief :o1 al?\gh he di$ long be=e we came "h1 0 spok5 ( to u ) respect on acc\nt ( 8 wide k ( ! anci5t my?s#bb & cu/oms4 ,mo/ ( ! /ories we pr9t$ 9 a book & us$ x z a read+-book 9 ! classes4 ,!re 7 _m /ories ab\t m51 wom51 & animals1 & to ea* /ory a moral 0 atta*$4 ,footnote #bb3 ,9 ! *apt] on ,religi\s ,beliefs w be f\nd "s in=mation on _! ideas ( a ,supreme ,be+2 & 9 ,*apt] ,,xix1 on spirits & my?ical mon/]s t inhabit ! isl&s & =e/s4 ,! /ories 7 told on moonless nights ar\nd ! village fires :5 x 0 too d>k to dance & play1 or ar\nd ! camp fires :5 travell+ & fi%+4 ,! /ories relate ! cunn+ way 9 :i* "s animals outwit o!rs--g5]ally ! small] ones outwitt+ ! l>g] & m cumb]some2 t ! bit] is himself bit1 & ! bully ov]:elm$ ) ridicule4 ,_m ( ! /ories try to acc\nt = ! peculi>ities obs]v$ 9 nature1 z :y birds build ne/s 9 c]ta9 ways1 or h no ne/s at all2 ! enmity among ! v>i\s animals2 ! pres5ce ( dogs & f[ls 9 ! t[ns2 ! cause ( dea? & ! orig9 ( fire4 ,"s /ories w\ld well illu/rate ! text3 8,be sure y\r s9 w f9d y out02 :ile o!rs are absurdly comic1 & _m ( !m dirty4 ,a l9e f "s ( ! /ories 0 (t5 us$ z a prov]b1 or to call up ! situation describ$ 9 ! /ory z a w>n+ to a p]son n to ov]rea* ano!r1 or he himself may fall4 ,no ,european elem5ts 7 to be f\nd 9 !m1 z !y 7 procur$ be=e we c\ld talk freely ) ! natives1 & c]ta9ly be=e our tea*+ _h 9 any way influ5c$ _! ?\ghts & modes ( expression4 ,_m ( ! /ories 7 recit$ = amusem5t1 b mo/ ( !m 7 told z true1 ev5 ! amus+ ones2 & !y und\bt$ly embody ! wit1 wisdom1 & philosophy ( life4 ,"s are only rem>kable = ! way 9 :i* !y acc\nt = ! pres5t /ate ( affairs 9 ! physical & moral worlds2 o!rs give a cle> insight into ! m9d ( ! native1 & 8 view ( ! _s-_w2 & ^! /ories 7 at times n>rat$ 9 _! 8palav]s0 to en=ce a po9t & drive home a moral4 ,i did n meet1 among ! ,boloki1 ) any /ories or leg5ds reg>d+ ! orig9 ( man1 ( ! sun1 ( a deluge1 or ( ! de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,!re 7 /ories ( folk ) tails1 b n ( animal ance/ors2 ( dw>fs & frightful mon/rosities--all heads & no body--b n ( giants4 ,:5 ! end ( a ra9b[ t\*es a t[n a dea? is sure to occur !re1 & ! bright r$ aft]-gl[ occasionally se5 at sunset indicates ! dea? ( a *ief4 ,i h already giv5 ! leg5d ab\t ! moon hav+ once be5 a py?on4 ,! foll[+ are a few typical /ories1#bc & 9 translat+ !m ,i h kept z ne> ! orig9al z possible4 ,no ideas h be5 add$1 & no plot has be5 alt]$1 b ! translator has tri$ to give 9 easy ,engli% a true repres5tation ( ! /ories4 ,footnote #bc3 ,! /ories giv5 are ( c\rse ,boloki /ories2 b ! writ] has publi%$ "s =ty ,l[] ,congo /ories 9 ,congo ,life & ,folk-,lore1 ,r4,t4,s4 #es4 net4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! morals app5d$ to ! /ories 7 put !re by ! natives :5 !y wrote !m d[n = me2 & :5 ,i 0 sitt+ ) !m ar\nd _! fires & he>+ !m relate ! /ories ,i notic$ t ! moral 0 always giv51 & frequ5tly =m$ ! subject ( comm5t1 & ( angry curses be+ call$ d[n on ! "o :o 0 cr$it$ ) />t+ su* bad cu/oms4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,,boloki ,,boys ,,) ,,w9e ,,j> ,?is well illu/rates ! me?ods ( we>+ a clo? by ! male folk4 ,ei!r a /r+ is ti$ r\nd ! wai/ & ! clo? hung--back & front--ov] x1 or ! corn]s are ti$ at ! side4 ,! w9e j> has a capacity ( sev]al gallons4 ,!re are n m ?an two or ?ree 9 a l>ge village2 b !y are freely l5t4 ,,/ory ,i ,! ,adv5tures ( ,libanza2 or1 a ,boloki v]sion ( ,jack & ! ,bean/alk ,libanza & 8 si/]1 ,nsongo1 />t$ on _! travels 9 ! long ago1 & z !y j\rney$ ,libanza *ang$ himself into a boy cov]$ ) yaws4 ,a man out hunt+ turn$ aside f 8 p>ty ( hunt]s1 & meet+ ,libanza & 8 si/]1 he exclaim$3 8,i h f\nd "s slaves60 ,he !reupon took possession ( !m & l$ !m to ! hunt+ camp4 ,_! new ma/] & ! o!r hunt]s 7 !re = ! purpose ( sn>+ monkeys1 & al?\gh _! ma/] caught "s1 yet he 0 n v successful4 ,s "o day ,libanza said to him3 8,give me ! sn>es1 & let me try to cat* "s monkeys40 ,b z he appe>$ to be su* a poor1 weak boy cov]$ ) yaws1 ! ma/] laugh$ at him1 & twitt$ him ) 8 smallness4 ,h[ev]1 on be+ repeat$ly ask$1 ! ma/] gave ! boy ! sn>es1 & he caught ?irty monkeys 9 a v little "t1 & br\ght !m back to ! camp to be divid$ among ! hunt]s4 ,:ile ! hunt]s 7 busy divid+ ! monkeys1 ,libanza & 8 si/] took "s meat & ran away4 ,aft] j\rney+ = a long di/ance !y came ne> to a l>ge t[n1 & aga9 ,libanza turn$ himself into a boy cov]$ ) yaws4 ,! p ( ! t[n 7 p\nd+ sug>-canes = mak+ sug>-cane w9e2 b a man see+ !m claim$ !m z 8 slaves1 & br\ght !m & sat !m on ! end ( ! l>ge wood5 mort> 9 :i* ! o!r m5 7 p\nd+ up ! canes4 ,aft] a "t ,libanza said3 8,give me a pe/le1#bd s t ,i may cru% ! canes40 ,b ! p laugh$ t s small a lad %\ld make su* a reque/4 ,footnote #bd3 ,! pe/les = cru%+ sug>-canes are l heavy clubs1 made ( h>d wood1 & weigh f #bj lbs4 to #cj lbs4 ea*4 ,h[ev]1 aft] he _h repeat$ly ask$1 !y gave him a pe/le1 & ,libanza us$ x ) su* vig\r t x snapp$ 9 two4 ,!y br\ght him two o!rs1 & tak+ "o 9 ea* h& he p\nd$ s /rongly t !y also broke2 & ?us he broke all !y _h 9 ! t[n except ! la/ "o1 & ) t he ran away1 & ! p fe>$ to foll[ him4 ,z !y travell$1 ,nsongo caught sight ( a p]son 9 ! di/ance & want$ to m>ry him2 b on be+ call$ ! p]son w\ld n come to h]4 ,s ,libanza *ang$ himself1 fir/ into a %ell & !n into a saucepan1 & foll[$ ! man2 b 9 ^! disguises ,libanza 0 n able to cat* ! man = 8 si/] because he ran away fill$ ) fe>4 ,libanza !n turn$ himself into ! h&le ( an axe1 & :5 ! man came to pick up ! h&le1 ,libanza caught him & l$ him to 8 si/]4 ,n[ ?is p]son _h only "o leg & simple /umps = f+]s2 & ,nsongo1 on a clos] view obs]v+ ^! de=mities1 refus$ to h him = a husb&4 ,libanza & 8 si/]1 ,nsongo1 resum$ _! w&]+s1 & on pass+ a palm tree ,nsongo saw a bun* ( ripe palm nuts1 & %e implor$ h] bro!r to asc5d ! tree & cut d[n ! nuts4 ,libanza climb$ ! palm tree1 & z he asc5d$ x ! palm tree grew high] & high] & high]1 until ! top 0 hid 9 ! heav5s1#be & !re ,libanza alight$1 leav+ 8 si/] d[n bel[ on ! e>?4 ,footnote #be3 ,! ^w us$ "h is bolobo ! upp] regions1 ( :i* place !y _h v hazy ideas4 ,ab\t ! l[] regions--longa--!y always spoke m def9itely1 & w\ld describe :at took place !re4 ,:5 ,nsongo 0 left on ! e>? %e he>d a rumbl+ noise1 :i* %e ?\ght 0 h] bro!r1 ,libanza1 scold+ up above4 ,%e call$ a 8wiz>d10 & ask$ him h[ %e c\ld rejo9 h] bro!r4 ,! 8wiz>d0 said3 8,y mu/ call a ,hawk1 & tell him y want to s5d a packet to y\r bro!r1 ,libanza2 & !n tie y\rself up into a packet & put y\rself on ! ro( ( a h\se1 & :5 ! ,hawk sees x he w say1 #8,t is surely ! p>cel ,i am to take1' & ! ,hawk w c>ry y up above40 ,nsongo did z %e 0 told by ! 8wiz>d10 & ! ,hawk saw ! bundle & pick$ x up2 b twice on ! way ! ,hawk re/$ & tri$ to op5 ! p>cel1 & w\ld h done s1 b at ea* attempt he he>d a deep sigh proce$ f ! int]ior ( ! bundle1 & desi/$4 ,at la/ ! ,hawk rea*$ ! place :]e ,libanza 01 & said to him1 8,"h is a packet :i* y\r si/] has s5t to y40 ,n[ :5 ,libanza essay$ to undo ! p>cel1 out came 8 si/]4 ,libanza became a blacksmi?1 & !re 0 9 t c\ntry a p]son ^: "n 0 ,ngombe1 & because he swall[$ p e day he 0 also call$ ,emele ,ngombe 7,ngombe ! ,swall[]74 ,:5 ,libanza he>d ab\t ?is ,swall[] ( p1 he call$ 8 bell[s bl[]1 ,nkumba 7,tortoise71 & !y heat$ an +ot ( iron4 ,n[ z ! ,swall[] 0 pass+ ! smi?y he made ! s\nd 8,kililili10 & ,libanza mock$ him by say+1 8,alalalala40 ,ngombe ! ,swall[] !n ask$3 8,:o d>es to ridicule me80 ,& aga9 he murmur$1 8,kililili40 ,& ,libanza answ]$ him by say+3 8,ngalalala1#bf ,i am anjaka-njaka lokwala la lotungi1 ,libanza1 ! bro!r ( ,nsongo40 ,footnote #bf3 ,?is is ! full "n ( ,libanza4 ,x means3 ,! "o :o makes ?+s ) =ce & noise & runs (f ) !m1 ^: scrap$ f+]-nails are ti$ ) cane1 he :o is ,libanza ! bro!r ( ,nsongo4 ,! ,swall[] w5t at ,libanza ) 8 m\? wide-/ret*$ to gulp him d[n1 & z he w5t 8 l[] jaw dragg$ along ! gr\nd4 ,libanza /irr$ ! molt5 metal1 ! ,tortoise blew ! bell[s1 & z ! ,swall[] ru%$ =w>d ) 8 m\? wide op5 ,libanza ?rew ! liquid metal "r into ! gap+ jaws1 & ! ,swall[] ( p fell dead4 ,!re are sev]al folk-lore /ories t h cry/alliz$ = u _! ideas conc]n+ ,libanza1 & x is int]e/+ to note t su* /ories are call$ ,mabanza 7plural =m ( ,libanza71 & ^! conta9 a /atem5t ( "s ( ! do+s ( ,libanza1 :]eas _! ^w = fable1 p>able1 /ory is mokulu4 ,! common op9ion 0 t ,libanza liv$ on ! e>?1 & 0 ! fir/ to g into heav54 ,8 orig91 life1 & adv5tures z told 9 _! folk /ories are briefly z foll[s3 ,libanza's "m 7names ( fa!r & "m 7 nev] giv57 gave bir? fir/ to elephants1 ! v>i\s k9ds ( bu% animals1 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( flies & insects1 & to ! amphibia2 !n 8 "m told him to come out1 b be=e ,libanza w\ld d s he ord]$ 8 "m to scrape h] f+]-nails2 :5 %e _h done ?is he ?rew out spe>s1 %ield1 a *air cov]$ ) brass nails1 & f9ally came out himself4 ,libanza's fa!r1 accord+ to ano!r folk /ory1 0 trapp$ & kill$ :ile /eal+ "s nsafu fruit = 8 wife4 ,& he acqua9t$ 8 wife ( 8 dea? by caus+ a feti% horn he _h left ) h] to ov]fl[ ) blood4 ,z soon z ,libanza 0 born he inquir$ ab\t 8 fa!r & ! mann] ( 8 dea?1 & set himself to puni% ! "o :o _h kill$ him1 :i* aft] a s]ies ( futile attempts he f9ally accompli%$ by slay+ ! murd]] ( 8 fa!r4 ,!n comes ! /ory ( 8 own adv5tures1 :i* rea* _! climax 9 ! de/ruction ( ! ,swall[] ( p4 ,x is n at all improbable t ,libanza is ! "n ( "s great *ief :o by 8 res\rce & c\rage deliv]$ ! p f great p]il & oppression1 & ar\nd ^: "n h ga!r$ _m my?s1 & to him is ascrib$ great magical p[]4 ,9 ! orig9al /ory mu* magic is p]=m$ to meet ! v>i\s difficulties t arise1 z *ang+ himself into diff]5t %apes1 mak+ horns & saucepans move & speak1 & resurrect+ brok5 & dead animals4 ,no moral qualities 7 ascrib$ to ,libanza1 b he 0 reg>d$ z be+ v /rong1 & ri*4 ,:5 our /eam]1 ! ,peace1 made h] fir/ j\rney up-riv]1 ! ,boloki ( ,monsembe told me t !y ?\ght x 0 8,libanza go+ to ,s+it+i 7,/anley ,falls7 to visit 8 si/] ,nsongo40 ,!y c\ld he> ! noise ( ! eng9es1 b z !y c\ld see no paddles !y ?\ght t 8! riv] m+oli 7wat]-spirits7 7 pu%+ ! /eam] along40 ,,/ory ,,ii ,! ,f[l & ! ,hippopotamus2 or1 ! ,cause ( ! ,enmity among ,birds & ,animals4 ,a ,f[l1 on return+ f a trad+ j\rney1 hid "o ( 8 legs "u 8 w+ & said3 8,i sold my leg = two ?\s& brass rods 9 ! t[ns ,i h be5 visit+40 ,a gre$y hippopotamus1 he>+ ?is1 said3 8,if ! ,f[l c\ld receive two ?\s& brass rods = 8 small leg1 h[ mu* %all ,i receive = m9e80 ,s call+ "s ( 8 fri5ds !y ent]$ a canoe & paddl$ d[n-riv] to ! t[ns4 ,on arriv+1 ! leg ( ! ,hippopotamus 0 cut (f1 c>ri$ a%ore1 & sold = a l>ge numb] ( brass rods4 ,:5 ! ,hippopotami return$ to ! canoe1 aft] sell+ ! leg1 !y discov]$ t _! fri5d _h bl$ to dea?1 s !y pick$ up _! paddles 9 great ang] & return$ to _! t[n4 ,on arriv+ at _! t[n !y s\ght out ! ,f[l & *>g$ him ) ! dea? ( _! fri5d1 = !y said1 8,because ( y\r ly+ deception he w5t & sold 8 leg40 ,9 _! ang] !y call$ on ! ,hawks & ,kites to swoop d[n & c>ry (f ! *ick5s belong+ to ! ,f[ls2 & !y told ! wild bu%-cat t :5ev] he f\nd ! door ( ! ,f[l-h\se op5 he 0 to creep 9 & kill ! ,f[ls4 ,9 ?is way s _m ,f[ls 7 kill$1 t 9 def5ce ! ,f[ls call$ on ! ,crocodiles to bite ! ,hippopotami & w\nd !m to dea?2 & !y ask$ ,man :5ev] he saw a ,hippopotamus to hurl 8 spe> at x & kill x4 ,?us1 ?r\gh ! ,f[l's "o deception1 enmity1 qu>rels1 & dea? 7 fir/ introduc$ among ! birds & animals4 ,,/ory ,,iii ,! ,puni%m5t ( ! ,inquisitive ,man ,motu made a l>ge g>d51 & plant$ x ) _m bananas & planta94 ,! g>d5 0 9 a good position1 s ! fruit rip5$ quickly & well4 ,arriv+ "o day at 8 g>d5 he f\nd ! ripe bun*es ( bananas & planta9 _h be5 cut (f & c>ri$ away4 ,aft] t he did n g once to 8 g>d5 )\t f9d+ t "s ( ! fruit _h be5 /ol51 s at la/ he made up 8 m9d to wat* ! place c>efully1 & hid+ himself he lay 9 ambu% = ! ?ief4 ,motu _h n be5 9 hid+ v long be=e he saw a numb] ( ,cl\d-folk desc5d+1 :o cut d[n 8 bananas1 & :at !y c\ld n eat !y ti$ into bundles to c>ry away4 ,motu ru%$ out1 &1 *as+ !m1 caught "o woman :om he took to 8 h\se1 & aft] a %ort "t he m>ri$ h]1 & gave h] a "n :i* meant ,fav\rite4 ,al?\gh ,fav\rite _h come f ! ,cl\d-l& %e 0 v intellig5t1 & w5t ab\t h] h\sework & f>m+ j l an ord9>y woman ( ! e>?4 ,up to t "t nei!r ,motu nor ! p ( 8 village _h ev] se5 a fire4 ,!y _h always eat5 _! food raw1 & on cold1 w9dy1 ra9y days _h sat %iv]+ 9 _! h\ses because !y did n "k any?+ ab\t fire & w>m?4 ,fav\rite1 h[ev]1 told "s ( ! ,cl\d-folk to br+ "s fire ) !m next "t !y came to visit h]1 :i* !y did4 ,& !n %e taught ! p h[ to cook food1 & h[ to sit r\nd a fire on cold days4 ,motu 0 v happy ) 8 wife1 & ! villag]s 7 v glad to h h] among !m1 &1 moreov]1 ,fav\rite p]suad$ _m ( ! ,cl\d-folk to settle 9 h] husb&'s village4 ,"o day ,fav\rite receiv$ a cov]$ basket1 & putt+ x on a %elf 9 ! h\se %e said to h] husb&1 8,we are n[ liv+ ) mu* fri5d%ip toge!r2 b :ile ,i am away at ! f>m y mu/ n op5 t basket1 if y d we %all all leave y40 8,all "r10 repli$ ! husb&1 8,i w nev] undo x40 ,motu 0 n[ v glad 9 8 he>t1 = he _h pl5ty ( p1 a clev] wife1 & ! villag]s treat$ him z a great man4 ,b he _h "o tr\ble3 ,:y did 8 wife w>n him e day n to op5 ! basket8 ,:at 0 9 t basket8 ,:at 0 %e hid+ f him8 ,& fooli%-l he decid$ to op5 x4 ,wait+ !re=e until 8 wife _h gone z usual to ! f>m he op5$ ! basket1 &--!re 0 no?+ 9 x1 s laugh+ly he %ut x up & put x 9 its place4 ,by & by ,fav\rite return$1 &1 look+ at h] husb&1 %e ask$ him3 ,:y did y op5 t basket80 ,& he 0 spee*less at h] "q4 ,on ! fir/ opportunity1 :ile ,motu 0 away hunt+1 ,fav\rite ga!r$ h] p1 & asc5d$ ) !m to ,cl\d-l&1 & nev] aga9 return$ to ! e>?4 ,t is h[ ! e>?-folk receiv$ _! fire & a k ( cook+2 & t is also h[ ,motu ?r\gh be+ too inquisitive lo/ 8 wife1 8 p1 & 8 importance z a big man 9 ! village4 ,,/ory ,,iv ,mbungi & 8 ,puni%m5t ,mbungi "o day said to 8 wife3 8,dig up "s cassava1 prep>e x1 & cut d[n "s planta91 = we w g hunt+ & fi%+40 ,! wife did z %e 0 told1 & 9 a %ort "t ev]y?+ 0 ready = ! j\rney4 ,!y put _! goods into a canoe & paddl$ away to _! hunt+ & fi%+ camp4 ,aft] re/+1 ! man w5t & dug a hole & set 8 traps2 & ! next morn+ he f\nd an antelope & a bu%-pig 9 ! hole4 ,^! he took to ! camp1 cut up1 & gave to 8 wife to cook4 ,by & by :5 all 0 cook$ %e br\ght ! meat to h] husb&1 & z %e 0 tak+ h] portion he said3 8,wait1 ,i w ask ! =e/-folk 7or spirits7 if y may eat x40 ,he w5t & pret5d$ to ask ! =e/-folk1 & br\ght back a message t if %e ate ! meat ! traps w\ld lose _! luck & cat* no m animals4 ,9 ?is way ! selfi% husb& _h all ! meat = himself & 8 wife w5t hungry4#bg ,mbungi f\nd _m animals 9 8 traps1 & ! woman1 because ( ! prohibition1 did n h h] %>e ( !m4 ,footnote #bg3 ,a p]son consid]$ he _h n made a meal if he _h no meat or fi% to eat ) 8 cassava4 ,"o day ! woman made "s fi%-traps & set !m1 & on h] return to ! camp ! husb& want$ to "k :]e %e _h be51 b %e refus$ to tell him4 ,next day %e w5t to look at h] traps & f\nd _m fi% 9 !m1 :i* %e br\ght to ! camp & cook$4 ,mbungi1 h[ev]1 return$ unsuccessful f 8 traps2 b :5 he saw 8 wife's fi% he laugh$ & said3 8,br+ ! fi% "h = me to eat40 8,wait10 answ]$ ! woman1 8,i w ask ! =e/-folk if y may eat ! fi%40 ,& %e br\ght back a reply t he 0 n to eat ! fi%1 = if he did s ! fi%-traps w\ld lose _! luck4 ,x 0 n[ ,mbungi's turn to be hungry4 ,days & days pass$ & he caught no m animals2 b 8 wife always _h pl5ty ( fi%4 ,he became v ?9 & angry4 ,"o day he drew 8 l>ge knife1 & cutt+ (f ! head ( 8 wife he buri$ ! head & ! trunk toge!r 9 ! gr\nd1 & dep>t$ = 8 t[n4 ,mbungi _h n gone v f> on 8 way :5 he he>d a voice %\t+3 8,mbungi1 wait = me1 we w g toge!r60 ,he wond]$ :o 0 call+ him1 s he hid himself1 & 9 a little "t he saw ! head ( 8 wife com+ along ! road call+ aft] him4 ,he w5t1 & cat*+ ! head he cut x into small pieces & buri$ x aga92 b be=e he _h gone f> he he>d x %\t+3 8,mbungi1 wait = me1 we w g toge!r60 ,he cut & buri$ x aga9 & aga91 b x 0 no use1 x cont9u$ to foll[ & call aft] him4 ,mbungi rea*$ 8 t[n1 & 8 wife's family ask$ him3 8,:]e is y\r wife80 8,oh1 %e is com+ on beh9d10 he repli$4 ,!y accus$ him ( kill+ h]1 b ?is he /rongly d5i$4 ,:ile he 0 d5y+ ! *>ge ( murd] ! head came "r into ! t[n2 & :5 ! family saw x !y imm$iately ti$ up ,mbungi & kill$ him4 ,?is 0 h[ murd] 0 fir/ introduc$ into ! _w4 ,,/ory ,v ,:y ! ,f[l & ,dog are abus$ by ! ,birds ,!re 0 a "t :5 all ! birds & animals liv$ 9 ! sky4 ,"o day x 0 v ra9y & cold--s cold t !y 7 all %iv]+4 ,! birds said to ! ,dog3 8,g d[n & fet* u "s fire to w>m ourselves40 ,! ,dog desc5d$1 b see+ pl5ty ( bones & pieces ( fi% ly+ ab\t on ! gr\nd he =got to take ! fire to ! %iv]+ birds4 ,! birds & animals wait$1 & ! ,dog n return+ !y s5t ! ,f[l to ha/5 him ) ! fire4 ,! ,f[l1 h[ev]1 on arriv+ bel[1 beheld pl5ty ( palm nuts1 pea nuts1 maize1 & o!r good ?+s1 s he did n tell ! ,dog to take up ! fire1 & did n take any himself4 ,?is is ! reason :y y c he> ( an ev5+ a bird t s+s ) notes l ?is1 8,nsusu ak5de bombo6 nsusu ak5de bombo60 :i* means1 ,! ,f[l has become a slave6 ! ,f[l has become a slave6 ,& ! ,h]on sometimes sits on a tree ne> a village & cries1 8,mbwa owa6 mbwa owa60 ,dog1 y die6 dog1 y die6#bh ,footnote #bh3 ,i h (t5 he>d ^! birds1 & _! notes quickly sugge/$ ! phrases quot$ above1 & und\bt$ly gave rise to ! /ory4 ,?is is :y y he> ^! birds je] at & abuse ! ,f[l & ,dog1 because !y left _! fri5ds to %iv] 9 ! cold :ile !y enjoy$ !mselves 9 w>m? & pl5ty4 ,,/ory ,,vi ,! ,eagle leaves ! ,tortoise 9 ! lur* ,a ,leop>d _h ?ree "y *ildr51 & %e ask$ ! ,tortoise to take c>e ( !m :ile %e 0 away hunt+4 8,v well10 said ! ,tortoise1 8,i w nurse !m = y40 ,s ! ,leop>d w5t hunt+1 & aft] a "t %e return$ ) "s meat :i* %e wi%$ to give to h] *ildr54 8,no1 no1 d n op5 ! door10 :isp]$ ! ,tortoise1 8y\r *ildr5 are asleep4 ,?r[ ! meat 9 at ! w9d[40 ,! meat 0 pass$ ?r\gh ! w9d[1 & ! ,leop>d w5t (f hunt+ aga94 ,:ile ! ,leop>d 0 gone ! second "t1 an ,eagle came to ! ,tortoise & said3 8,fri5d ,tortoise1 let u make blood-bro!rhood40 ,! ,tortoise agre$1 & ! fri5d%ip 0 prop]ly made4 ,aft] a %ort "t ! ,eagle ask$ ! ,tortoise = "o ( ! *ildr5 to eat1 & "o 0 tak51 & !y ate x betwe5 !m4 ,by & by ! ,leop>d return$ aga9 f ! hunt ) "s m meat2 b ! ,tortoise pret5d$ t ! *ildr5 7 asleep2 s ! meat 0 aga9 put ?r\gh ! w9d[1 & (f w5t ! ,leop>d to hunt 9 ! =e/4 ,! ,eagle !n came & begg$ = ano!r *ild1 & receiv+ x he w5t & ate x on a high tree4 ,:5 ! ,leop>d return$ next "t1 %e insi/$ on see+ ! *ildr51 b ! ,tortoise said3 8,y /op !re & ,i w %[ !m to y at ! w9d[40 ,! ,tortoise !n took up ! only *ild left1 & hold+ x at ! w9d[ he said1 8,t is "o40 ,he put x d[n & held x up aga91 & said1 8,t is two40 ,!n he %[$ x aga9 at ! w9d[ = ! ?ird "t1 & said1 8,t is ?ree40 ,! ,leop>d1 !reupon1 w5t away satisfi$4 ,! ,eagle came aga9 & ask$ = ! 8o!r *ild to eat40 8,:at %all ,i d10 ask$ ! ,tortoise1 8:5 ! ,leop>d returns & f9ds all h] *ildr5 are gone80 8,oh1 ,i w take c>e ( y10 said ! ,eagle reassur+ly2 8,i w fly ) y to a high tree40 ,! la/ *ild 0 giv5 & eat51 & !n ! ,eagle took ! ,tortoise to ! bran* ( a v high tree4 ,%ortly aft] ! ,eagle _h c>ri$ (f ! ,tortoise ! ,leop>d return$1 & f9d+ all h] *ildr5 gone %e wept v l\dly = "s "t2 !n look+ ab\t h] %e saw ! ,tortoise on ! top ( a tree4 ,! ,leop>d gnaw$ at ! tree1 & j z x 0 go+ to fall ! ,tortoise call$ out to 8 fri5d1 ! ,eagle1 to help him4 ,! ,eagle c>ri$ him to ano!r tree4 ,! ,leop>d gnaw$ t "o2 s ! ,eagle remov$ ! ,tortoise to ano!r high tree2 b ! ,leop>d gnaw$ t also4 ,! ,tortoise call$ = 8 fri5d1 ! ,eagle2 b ! ,eagle repli$3 8,i am tir$ ( help+ y1 take c>e ( y\rself10 & (f he flew1 leav+ 8 fri5d 9 ! lur*1 & nev] return$ aga94 ,! tree fell1 & ! ,leop>d kill$ ! ,tortoise4 ,t is :y ! bu% animals are afraid to hurt ! ,leop>d's *ildr54 ,,/ory ,,vii ,! ,kite breaks 8 promise to ! ,tortoise ,:5 ! ,tortoise & ! ,kite made blood-bro!rhood ! ,kite said3 8,fri5d ,tortoise1 n[ t we h become bro!rs1 cat* an electric fi% = me40 8,fri5d ,kite10 repli$ ! ,tortoise1 8:5 y see a sk9 float+ on ! riv] y w "k t ,i h caught ! fi% y desire4 ,swoop d[n & take x2 &1 fri5d ,kite1 ?\ art "o :o lives 9 ! air1 tie up ! w9d & br+ x to me40 ,by & by ! ,tortoise kill$ an electric fi% 7n9a71 & set x float+ on ! riv]4 ,:5 ! ,kite saw x he said3 8,ah1 !re is ! fi% my fri5d ,tortoise has s5t me40 ,he !reupon dropp$ to ! riv]1 pick$ up ! fi%1 & c>ri$ x away to a high tree1 :]e he ate x4 ,! ,tortoise wait$ a long "t1 b ! ,kite nev] br\ght him ! w9d2 s see+ ! ,eagle "o day fi%+ by ! riv] bank he said to him1 8,come "h1 fri5d ,eagle10 & :5 ! ,eagle _h alight$ on a bran* ne> by1 ! ,tortoise cont9u$3 8,well1 my fri5d ! ,kite & ,i made blood-bro!rhood1 & he ask$ me to s5d him an electric fi%1 & ,i ask$ him to br+ me ! w9d1 & he agre$ to ?is b>ga94 ,i h s5t him 8 fi%1 b he has n br\ght me ! w9d4 ,:5 y see ! ,kite rem9d him ( 8 promise40 ,! ,eagle met ! ,kite next day on ! top ( a tree & said to him3 8,:5 y make blood-bro!rhood ) a p]son y %\ld keep y\r promise to him4 ,:y don't y take ! w9d to ! ,tortoise80 8,i h n yet ti$ x up10 said ! ,kite z he flew (f4 ,! ,tortoise wait$1 b ! ,kite n com+ he w5t a%ore1 climb$ to ! ro( ( a h\se1 & ti$ himself into a bundle l a p>cel ( fi%4 ,! ,kite1 see+ ! bundle & ?9k+ x 0 "s fi%1 he swoop$ d[n on x & c>ri$ x away to a tree1 & :ile he 0 undo+ ! bundle ! ,tortoise said3 8,fri5d ,kite1 y h deceiv$ me1 & y h brok5 y\r promise4 ,:]e is ! w9d y agre$ to br+ to me80 ,! ,kite 0 s al>m$ t he dropp$ ! ,tortoise & flew away4 ,& because ( 8 brok5 promise to 8 fri5d he has lo/ ! p[] to sail on ! w9d l ! ,eagle2 b has to con/antly flutt] & flap 8 w+s4#bi ,footnote #bi3 ,to break a promise made at ! "t ( mak+ blood-bro!rhood is consid]$ v bad1 & is reg>d$ z c]ta9 to br+ puni%m5t4 ,,/ory ,,viii ,:y ! ,planta9-eat] did n build a ,ne/ ,! ,planta9-eat] is a gaudy-plumag$ bird1 n q s l>ge z a ,cockatoo4 ,x is call$ by ! natives ,lukulukoko4 ,its notes are1 ,kulu6 kulu6 kulukoko6 h5ce ! natives say1 8,x is always talk+ ab\t itself40 ,all ! birds built ne/s s t :5 x ra9$ !y c\ld ent] !m & rema9 dry4 ,! ,planta9-eat]1 h[ev]1 nev] tr\bl$ to build a ne/1 b :5 ! ra9 fell 9 torr5ts he w5t to a neighb\r & said3 8,let me come into y\r ne/ out ( ! ra940 ,b 8 neighb\r answ]$ him3 8,no1 g & cut "s palm fronds & build y\r own ne/40 ,! ,planta9-eat]1 at ?is reply1 w5t (f cry+3 8,kulu6 kulu6 kulukoko6 ,wait until ! ra9 /ops1 & !n ,i w fet* fronds to build my ne/40 ,by & by ! ra9 ceas$ & ! neighb\rs call$ out3 8,planta9-eat]1 ! ra9 is f9i%$1 n[ get y\r fronds = ne/ build+40 ,b ! ,planta9-eat] said3 8,i w /op :]e ,i am1 & :5 x ra9s ,i w raise my %\ld]s & put my head "u my fea!rs1 & ! ra9 w n hurt me40 ,! next "t x ra9$1 h[ev]1 he f\nd x 0 v unpleasant to be out 9 x2 & aga9 he ask$ to be all[$ to ent] a neighb\r's ne/1 b he 0 driv5 (f4 ,?us x always happ5$ t :5 x ra9$ he int5d$ to build a h\se2 & :5 x 0 f9e he said he did n ne$ a h\se1 b w\ld put 8 head "u 8 fea!rs4 ,& t is :y ! ,planta9-eat] is se5 jump+ f bran* to bran* 9 ! ra91 try+ to ent] o!r p's ne/s1 mak+ all k9ds ( promises 9 ! ra91 & only talk+ l\dly & boa/+ 9 ! f9e wea!r ( :at he w d4 ,,/ory ,,ix ,:y ! ,wat]-snake has no ,poison ,:5 ! ,py?on _h giv5 bir? to all ! snakes %e said to !m3 8,y h no poison n[1 b ano!r day ,i w call y1 & give to ea* ( y a prop] %>e ( poison40 ,aft] a "t ! day arriv$1 & ! ,py?on call$ all h] *ildr5 to receive ! promis$ gift4 ,! gre5 snake1 ! vip]1 ! :ip-snake1 ! diamond-head$ snake all arriv$1 & ea* receiv$ 8 %>e ( ! poison s z to def5d himself f 8 enemies4 ,:]ev] ^! snakes w5t on a j\rney ev]ybody jump$ out ( _! way1 = if !y did n !y 7 bitt5 & suff]$ mu* pa94 ,! ,wat]-snake1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( obey+ 8 "m's call1 w5t (f to ! riv] to fi%4 ,by & by he became tir$ ( fi%+1 & ?\ght he w\ld g & he> :at 8 "m ! ,py?on want$4 ,z he w5t he met ! o!r snakes return+1 & he>d t !y _h receiv$ _! gifts f _! "m4 ,on 8 arrival he ask$ h] = 8 %>e ( ! poison4 ,b ! ,py?on said3 8,no1 ,i call$ y1 & in/ead ( com+ y w5t fi%+1 s n[ y h lo/ y\r %>e ( ! poison ?r\gh disob$i5ce40 ,t is :y ! ,wat]-snake is only laugh$ at :5 he bites1 & no "o ?9ks ( mov+ out ( 8 way1 = he has no poison ?r\gh disreg>d+ 8 "m's call4 ,,/ory ,x ,h[ ! ,squirrel outwitt$ ! ,elephant ,! ,squirrel & ! ,elephant met "o day 9 ! =e/ & _h a big discussion ab\t =e/ matt]s4 ,at la/ ! ,elephant sne]+ly said3 8,y are a ,squirrel1 y are only a little bit ( a ?+4 ,c y hold ei!r my foot or my leg8 ,no1 y are too small to t\* ev5 "o ( my legs60 8,y may be a big ?+10 retort$ ! ,squirrel1 8b c y keep on eat+ palm nuts z long z ,i c80 ,aft] mu* talk !y decid$ to collect bun*es ( palm nuts1 & :5 all 0 ready !y sat d[n to ! eat+ conte/4 ,be=e beg9n+1 h[ev]1 ! ,squirrel _h secret$ a numb] ( 8 fri5ds 9 ! =e/ ne> by4 ,! ,elephant began ! conte/ by putt+ a bun* ( palm nuts into 8 m\?2 b ! ,squirrel took ! nuts "o by "o & ate !m4 ,& :5 ! ,squirrel 0 full he made "s excuse & slipp$ away1 & ano!r squirrel took 8 place4 ,9 ?is way ,squirrel aft] ,squirrel ex*ang$ places ) ea* o!r unnotic$ by ! ,elephant1 :o cont9u$ to eat all ! morn+1 & ! big pile ( palm nuts grew small] & small]4 ,at la/ ! ,elephant ask$3 8,are y full1 fri5d ,squirrel80 8,no10 answ]$ ! la/ ,squirrel1 8,i feel z ?\gh ,i _h only j begun40 8,is t s80 grunt$ ! ,elephant4 8,well1 y are a wond]ful little ?+4 ,:y1 ,i am gett+ full] & full]40 ,aft] t !y w5t on eat+ aga94 ,9 ! aft]noon ! ,elephant ask$ aga93 8,fri5d ,squirrel1 are y full yet80 8,no10 repli$ ! la/ ,squirrel1 8,i h n eat5 half en\gh yet40 ,& he took up "s m nuts to eat4 ,! ,elephant _h n room = m ?an a sigh2 & t[>ds sunset he said3 8,i am full1 & _c eat any m palm nuts40 ,?us ! ,elephant confess$ he 0 beat51 & ev] aft] t he refra9$ f annoy+ & ridicul+ 8 fri5ds & neighb\rs because !y 7 small] ?an himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! natives are v c>eful n to taunt slaves ab\t _! condition1 or to twit a p]son ab\t pov]ty or l[ly bir?4 ,x is consid]$ to be ! acme ( rud5ess to rem9d ano!r t he is n s f9e a fell[ z y are1 or z he ?9ks he is4 ,( c\rse1 folk (t5 lo/ _! temp] & said bitt] ?+s to ea* o!r4 ,! foll[+ /ory %[s ! puni%m5t t fell to a man because 9 8 ang] he 0 rude to 8 slave wife4 ,,/ory ,,xi ,rud5ess & its ,puni%m5t ,!re 0 a man once :o built a h\se on an isl& & w5t fi%+ 9 its creeks & pools4 ,he plait$ a l>ge numb] ( fi%-traps1 & set !m 9 good places = cat*+ fi%4 ,"o morn+ he w5t to look at ! traps & f\nd "o full ( fi%1 & among ! fi% 0 a ,lolembe4#cj ,he took !m to 8 h\se1 & !n w5t to ano!r "p ( ! isl& to visit "s o!r traps2 b on 8 return he f\nd "s food cook$ & plac$ 9 a saucepan by ! fire4 ,9 8 surprise he call$ out1 8,:o has cook$ ?is food80 b !re 0 no answ]4 ,all night he pond]$ ?is wond] 9 8 he>t1 = he knew he 0 alone on ! isl&4 ,footnote #cj3 ,notopt]us af]4 ,! next morn+ he pret5d$ to g to 8 traps1 b turn+ back quickly he hid himself beh9d 8 h\se & wat*$ ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! wall4 ,by & by he 0 amaz$ to see ! ,lolembe turn into a woman1 :o at once began to cook ! food1 :]eupon ! man %[$ himself to h] & said3 8,oh1 y are ! "o :o cook$ my food ye/]day60 8,yes10 %e repli$4 ,!y 7 m>ri$1 & 9 due "t ! woman gave bir? to two boys & a girl2 & !y liv$ ) mu* cont5tm5t on ! isl&4 ,"o day ! man said to "o ( 8 sons3 8,y come & help me ) ! fi%-traps10 & away !y w5t toge!r to look at ! v>i\s traps4 ,! lad 0 a lazy1 disob$i5t boy :o w\ld n li/5 prop]ly to :at 0 told him1 s :5 ! fa!r want$ to empty ! wat] out ( ! canoe & told him to g to ! "r side1 ! boy w5t /raight to ! left side1 because x 0 ne>] to him ?an ! o!r side4 ,! fa!r became v vex$1 & beat+ him 9 8 ang]1 he said3 8,y are too lazy & too pr\d to d :at y are told4 ,d y "k t y\r "m came out ( "o ( ^! fi%-traps1 = %e 0 only a ,lolembe80 ,! boy on he>+ ?is w5t cry+ to 8 "m1 & told h] all 8 fa!r _h said4 ,! "m soo!d him1 b 9 h] he>t %e said3 8,my husb& je]s at me because ,i am only a ,lolembe1 yet ,i h be5 a good wife to him2 p]haps "s o!r day he w call me worse names1 & :5 we return to ! t[n ev]ybody w "k t ,i came out ( "o ( 8 fi%-traps4 ,i w return to my own place 9 ! riv]40 ,%e !reupon fell into ! riv]1 & *ang+ into a ,lolembe %e swam away4 8,!re=e10 says ! native /orytell]1 8nev] taunt a p]son ) be+ a slave40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! next two /ories are illu/rative ( ! native reason = ! loss ( et]nal life1 or :y p die1 in/ead ( cont9u+ to live = ev] on ! e>?4 ,,/ory ,,xii ,nk5go fails to obta9 la/+ life ,nk5go 0 ! son ( ,libuta1 & he notic$ t ! p 7 dy+ daily 9 great numb]s4 ,s "o day he call$ out l\dly3 8,y ,cl\d-folk1 ?r[ me d[n a rope60 ,! ,cl\d-folk he>d & ?rew him a rope4 ,nk5go held on to x & 0 pull$ up to ! ,cl\d-l&4 ,:5 he arriv$ !re ,nk5go _h to wait "o day1 & 9 ! morn+ ! ,cl\d-folk said to him3 8,y h come "h to receive la/+ life 7lobiku7 & escape f dea?4 ,y _c make y\r reque/ = sev5 days1 & 9 ! meantime y mu/ n g to sleep40 ,nk5go 0 able to keep awake = six days1 b on ! sev5? day he nodd$ & w5t to sleep4 ,! ,cl\d-folk woke him up1 say+3 8,y came "h to receive la/+ life & escape f dea?4 ,y 7 able to keep awake six days4 ,:y did y ab&on y\r purpose on ! sev5? day80 ,!y 7 s angry ) him t !y drove him out ( ,cl\d-l& & l[]$ him to ! e>?4 ,! p on ! e>? ask$ him :at _h happ5$ up above1 & ,nk5go repli$3 8,:5 ,i rea*$ ,cl\d-l& !y told me t 9 ord] to ga9 la/+ life ,i mu/ keep awake = sev5 days4 ,i did n sleep = six days & six nights2 b on ! sev5? day ,i nodd$ 9 sleep2 :]eupon !y drove me out1 say+3 8,get away ) y\r dy+2 y %all n receive la/+ life1 = e day !re %all be dea? among y60 ,8 fri5ds laugh$ at him because he w5t to receive la/+ life & lo/ x ?r\gh sleep+4 ,t is ! reason :y dea? cont9ues 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ /ory also gives ! reason = ! cont9uance ( dea? 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 told me by a fri5d :o liv$ = _m ye>s among ! ,balolo tribe at ,bol5gi 7,equatorville di/rict71 ab\t fifty or sixty miles bel[ ,monsembe4 ,,/ory ,,xiii ,! ,two ,bundles ,:ile a man 0 work+ "o day 9 ! =e/ a little man ) two bundles--"o l>ge & "o small--w5t to him & ask$3 8,:i* ( ^! two bundles w y h8 ,?is "o0 7tak+ up ! l>ge bundle7 8conta9s look+-glasses1 knives1 beads1 clo?1 etc42 & ?is "o0 7tak+ up ! little bundle7 8conta9s la/+ life40 8,i _c *oose by myself10 answ]$ ! man2 8,i mu/ g & ask ! o!r p 9 ! t[n40 ,:ile he 0 gone to ask ! o!r p "s wom5 arriv$1 & ! *oice 0 put to !m4 ,! wom5 tri$ ! edges ( ! knives1 b$eck$ !mselves 9 ! clo?1 admir$ !mselves 9 ! look+-glasses1 & )\t m ado !y select$ ! big bundle & took x away4 ,! little man1 pick+ up ! small bundle1 vani%$4 ,on ! return ( ! man f ! t[n bo? ! little man & 8 bundles _h disappe>$4 ,! wom5 exhibit$ & %>$ ! ?+s1 b dea? cont9u$ on ! e>?4 ,h5ce ! p say3 8,oh1 if ^? wom5 _h only *os5 ! small bundle1 we folk w\ld n be dy+ l ?is60 ,,/ory ,,xiv ,! ,spid] regrets h] ,m>riage ,!re 0 a ,spid] :o liv$ ) h] p>5ts 9 _! t[n4 ,%e 0 unm>ri$1 & x 0 v difficult to f9d a husb& = h] z %e 0 s h>d to please4 ,"o "y man ask$ h] fa!r = h] 9 m>riage1 b he said3 8,y mu/ ask h] y\rself40 ,& :5 he said to h]3 8,i love y4 ,w y be my wife80 %e repli$1 8,no10 9 su* a way t he w5t back to 8 h\se v angry4 ,ano!r "y man came1 & %e said3 8,i refuse all husb&s1 = ,i am go+ to rema9 z ,i am40 ,aft] a "t ano!r suitor came1 & :5 ! ,spid] decl9$ him he said3 8,y refuse all (f]s ( m>riage f u2 b a p]son w come :o w n be a prop] p]son at all1 = he w h *ang$ himself to look l a nice man4 ,y w m>ry him1 & y w h mu* tr\ble on go+ ) him1 = he w take y to 8 c\ntry1 :i* w be f> away1 & y w regret t y h refus$ all ( u40 8,be quiet60 %e %\t$2 8y are angry because ,i w n m>ry y1 & t is :y y ?reat5 me40 8,v well10 said he1 8y ?9k ,i am tell+ y a lie10 & away he w5t to 8 t[n4 ,n[ ?is 0 ! ,py?on :o spoke to ! girl4 ,! ,py?on wait$ 9 8 t[n = "s "t1 & !n he *ang$ himself into ano!r & nic] =m & paid a visit to ! ,spid]1 & said to h]3 8,spid]1 ,i h come to m>ry y40 ,! ,spid] ask$ him3 8,d y love me or n80 ,he answ]$ h]3 8,i love y10 & !y 7 m>ri$4 ,aft] a "t he said3 8,spid]1 we mu/ return to my t[n40 ,& he deceitfully told h] t he liv$ 9 a f9e t[n1 & 0 v ri*4 ,he also promis$ 8 fa!r-9-law t he w\ld return 9 six mon?s--a promise he nev] int5d$ to keep4 ,! ,spid] & h] husb& />t$ on _! j\rney1 & w5t on & on & on = two mon?s1 & ! wife became v tir$ ) ! long walk4 ,z !y 7 ne>+ _! t[n a p]son said to h]3 8,! "o :o is travell+ ) y is n a real p]son1 b a snake t has *ang$ itself to look l a p]son4 ,d n believe 9 him40 ,!y rea*$ ! husb&'s t[n1 :i* %e f\nd 0 simply a tree ) a l>ge hole 9 x4 ,! husb& *ang$ back to 8 snake =m1 & coil+ himself up 9 ! hole he left 8 wife to d ! be/ %e c\ld outside4 ,! ,spid] 0 v angry1 & rep5t$ hav+ be5 s /upid z to refuse all ! nice "y m5 ( h] own t[n to be deceiv$ by ?is snake f a di/ance4 ,! poor ,spid] became v ?9 & w\ld h di$1 only someone help$ h] back to h] fa!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! cu/om ( mak+ blood-bro!rhood 0 v common on ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,! c]emony has already be5 describ$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 & !re=e x is n necess>y to g aga9 into detail4 ,dur+ ! p]=mance ( ! rite ! contract+ p>ties :o exhibit$ any d\bt ( ea* o!r's fai?fulness 9 prop]ly obs]v+ ! bond w\ld put "o ano!r "u a prohibition or taboo1 & s long z !y c>efully obey$ ! prohibition ! blood bond rema9$ 9 =ce4 ,9 ! foll[+ /ory ! birds ent] into ?is blood bond1 & ! peculi>ities ( ea* are reg>d$ z prohibitions plac$ on !m dur+ ! c]emony4 ,!re are _m su* /ories acc\nt+ = ! physical idiosyncrasies ( v>i\s birds & animals4 ,,/ory ,,xv ,! ,h]on & ! ,p>rot are unbeliev+ ,:5 ! ,h]on & ! ,p>rot ent]$ into ! bonds ( blood-bro!rhood ! ,h]on put ! ,p>rot "u a ban1 say+3 8,fri5d ,p>rot1 y mu/ always rema9 9 ! tree-tops1 & nev] alight on ! gr\nd4 ,if y d s y w n be able to fly aga91 = y w be caught1 kill$1 & eat52 & ev5 if y are n kill$ ! folk :o cat* y w tame y1 & y w lose y\r p[] to fly aga9 9 ! air40 ,! ,p>rot said3 8,fri5d ,h]on1 y mu/ nev] build a h\se to sleep 9 x2 if y d y w die40 ,aft] "s "t ! ,h]on began to d\bt ! words ( ! ,p>rot1 & he said to himself3 8,p]haps my fri5d told me a lie ab\t sleep+ 9 a h\se4 ,i w te/ 8 words1 & if ,i die my family w "k t ! words ( ! ,p>rot are true1 & !y w nev] sleep 9 a h\se40 ,t ev5+ ! ,h]on ent]$ a h\se 7ne/71 & next morn+ 8 family f\nd him ly+ dead4 ,ev] s9ce t "t ! ,h]ons h always slept on ! bran*es ( ! trees4 ,! ,p>rot also d\bt$ ! p[] ( ! ,h]on's prohibition1 & said to himself3 8,i w alight on ! gr\nd1 & if ,i am unable to fly aga9 my family w "k ! ,h]on's words are true ones40 ,s d[n ! ,p>rot flew1 & alight+ on ! gr\nd he f\nd !re pl5ty to eat1 b :5 he tri$ to rise aga9 he 0 n able to use 8 w+s4 ,"s p caught him & tam$ him1 & he rema9$ a slave 9 _! t[n4 ,t is ! reason :y ! ,p>rots always fly high above ! tree-tops & nev] alight on ! e>?1 because ( ! prohibition ( _! fri5d ! ,h]on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! writ] has _m m ( ^! /ories1 b ! above are fairly typical ( ! l9es ^u :i* !y run1 al?\gh e /ory has its own little plot & exhibits "s *>act]i/ic trait ( native m9d & habit4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,w> ,no army--,! family fight--,! t[n fight--,! di/rict fight--,procur+ volunte]s--8,m$ic9e0 put on spe>s--,poison us$--,no night attacks--,lips ( ! sla9 worn by ! slay]--,_s ( ! sla9--,mode ( attack--,prison]s--,wom5 a cause ( qu>rels--,w> om5s--,w> dance--,spe>s & fl9t-lock guns4 ,"o c h>dly dignify ! qu>rels & fights t occur among ! ,boloki & _! neighb\rs by ! "n ( w>4 ,!re is no army & no organization1 b all ! m5 & lads take "p 9 ! fight t affects _! family or _! t[n4 ,_! fights may be divid$ into ?ree classes--! family fight1 ! t[n fight1 & ! di/rict fight4 ,! second & ?ird g5]ally arise out ( ! fir/4 ,! family fight4 ,if a family has a qu>rel ) ano!r family 9 ! t[n nei!r guns1 spe>s1 nor knives are us$ 9 ! fight t foll[s1 b always /icks4 ,i d n mean to say t no man ev] draws 8 knife on ano!r 9 a t[n qu>rel2 b t :5 two families 9 ! same t[n delib]ately fight ea* o!r !y use only /icks z _! weapons4 ,!y h talk$ until !y are tir$2 x is n a case = ! ordeal2 & ! ord9>y me?ods ( judg+ a case h fail$1 s !y resort to /icks1 & ! p>ty driv5 (f ! 8field0 by %e] weight ( bl[s is ! los]4 ,! los+ side !n pays up & ! affair is end$4 ,! o!r families 9 ! t[n sc>cely ev] take sides1 b look on & enjoy ! p]=mance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,huts ,,built ,,= ,,use ,,dur+ ,,w> ,,"t ,! ,monsembe p = sev]al weeks 7 ?reat5$ by "s neighb\r+ villages ) an attack1 s !y ab&on$ _! h\ses1 & built a numb] ( ^! huts on ! bea*1 & on ! l& side erect$ a /rong palisade to protect !mselves4 ,:5 a family 9 "o t[n has a fight ) ! family ( ano!r t[n1 !n spe>s1 knives1 & guns are freely us$4 ,if family ,a ( ,x t[n goes to fight family ,b ( ,z t[n1 !n ! o!r families 9 ,z w /& ready arm$ to assi/ _! neighb\rs %\ld !y n be able to repulse ! enemy2 & %\ld ! o!r families 9 ,z t[n help ! ,b family to drive out ,a family1 !n ! o!r families 9 ,x t[n w help ,a family on its next v5ture into ! enemy's t[n1 & :at 0 orig9ally a family feud becomes a fight betwe5 two t[ns4 ,x may happ5 t ,b family has n ! sympa?y ( ! o!r families 9 ,z t[n1 & !y w /& by & see t family driv5 out & _! h\ses raid$2 or x may also happ5 t ! ,a family has n ! sympa?y ( ! o!r families 9 ,x t[n1 & !y w n jo9 =ces ) x to fight ! folk :o h repuls$ !m4 ,?is is put to ! te/ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,! head ( ! defeat$ family puts a planta9 leaf ov] 8 %\ld] "o ev5+ & walks ?r\gh ! t[n call+ out ! reason = ! fight1 ! family aga9/ :om he is fight+1 & ask+ t volunte]s :o are will+ to help him w meet next morn+ outside 8 h\se ready arm$ to accompany him4 ,v (t5 no "o turns up1 & ! man has to consid] :e!r 8 own family has any *ance ( success if x prosecutes ! fight alone1 or :e!r "s o!r way _c be f\nd ( settl+ ! affair4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! head ( ! family is an important man ( kn[n brav]y :o c comm& a l>ge foll[+ ( slaves & relatives1 & !re is e prospect ( success1 !n a l>ge numb] ( volunte]s w turn up ! next morn+4 ,i h (t5 se5 a man go+ ?r\gh ! t[n ) a planta9 leaf across 8 %\ld] call+ = support]s4 ,sometimes !y 7 su* unimportant m5 t !y 7 laugh$ at = _! tr\ble4 ,:5 ! families 9 ,z t[n see ,a family return+ to ! assault ) s _m volunte]s !y w at once g to ! assi/ance ( _! h>d-press$ neighb\r1 = ! hon\r & safety ( ! t[n are n[ at /ake1 & ! affair n[ becomes a t[n fight4 ,a t[n fight4 ,! ,x t[n goes en masse to fight ! enemy1 leav+ beh9d only ! wom51 ! *ildr51 ! ag$1 & ! sick4 ,if ,x t[n is driv5 back by ,z t[n & is unable to def5d its position1 !n ! wom5 & *ildr5 are c>ri$ (f1 ! ag$ & sick are kill$1 ! t[n raid$1 ev]y?+ portable is remov$1 & ! h\ses burnt to ! gr\nd2 b if ! ,x folk1 al?\gh driv5 back1 are able to def5d _! t[n !y w set s5tries = ! night2 & next day !y w s5d _! bigge/ head-man ) a planta9 leaf ov] 8 %\ld] to call up volunte]s f ! o!r t[ns ) :om !y are fri5dly1 & !n x becomes a w> betwe5 di/rict & di/rict4 ,:5 m5 g to fight di/ant t[ns _! wives are expect$ n to commit adult]y ) su* m5 z are left 9 ! t[n1 or _! husb&s w receive spe> w\nds f ! enemy4 ,! si/]s ( ! fight]s w take e precaution to gu>d aga9/ ! unfai?fulness ( _! bro!rs' wives :ile !y are on ! exp$ition4 ,"s fight]s put feti% 8m$ic9e0 on _! spe>s to give precision ( aim2 o!rs rub !m ) a vegetable poison made f ! burnt a%es ( munsansangu leaves2 & o!rs g to ! m$ic9e man ( ! ndemo to r5d] !m invisible to ! enemy4 ,x is impossible to keep ! arrangem5ts = an attack secret4 ,!re are always fri5ds & relatives :o w in=m _! fri5ds1 etc41 on ! o!r side1 & ! drums are beat5 & ! fight]s prep>e = ! attack4 ,! head ( ! family ^: qu>rel x is arranges ! fight & leads ! van ) 8 own slaves1 family1 etc4 ,if necess>y he takes c\nsel ) ! heads ( ! o!r families help+ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,/apleton ,a ,,boloki ,,%ield ,! man is a ,monsembe slave ( ! ,mongo tribe4 ,! %ield is /rongly plait$ ( dy$ grasses & ornam5t$ r\nd ! edge ) sk9s4 ,x is us$ m = deflect+ spe>s ?an = receiv+ !m4 ,at ! back is a wood5 plate ab\t half ! l5g? & wid? ( ! %ield1 to :i* ! basket-"w is lac$4 ,i nev] knew !m to make a night attack4 ,!y w\ld (t5 lie 9 ambu% & capture1 if possible1 ^? :o fell into ! trap1 & kill ^? :o tri$ to escape4 ,attacks 7 (t5 made 9 ! e>ly morn+1 soon aft] ?ree o'clock4 ,no sc\ts 7 employ$1 b :5 necess>y s5tries 7 plac$1 & :5 !y became sleepy !y ar\s$ two ( _! comrades to take _! places4 ,! fight+ 0 n wor?y ( ! "n ( a battle1 b 0 simply an affray1 a mle1 9 :i* !re 0 no ord] & no words ( comm&4 ,no truce 0 all[$1 b :5 "o side 0 tir$ ( ! fight1 or 0 gett+ ! wor/ ( x1 !y s5t = a g-betwe5 7molekaleku7 to arrange a meet+ & ! t]ms ^u :i* blood-bro!rhood c\ld be made4 ,a man ( conspicu\s brav]y :o kills a man 9 a fight receives congratulatory pres5ts1 & at dr9k+-b\ts ! fir/ mug ( sug>-cane w9e is s]v$ to him z long z he reta9s su* pre-em95ce1 & he has no difficulty 9 procur+ volunte]s to aid him 9 any ( 8 p]sonal qu>rels4 ,:5 a man kills 8 oppon5t 9 a fight he cuts (f 8 head & removes 8 lips1 :i* latt] he ?or\ghly dries 9 ! sun1 & !n /icks !m ov] ) brass *air nails & we>s !m z an ornam5t ) z mu* pride z a decoration is worn by ! civiliz$ soldi]--x is ! man's m$al = brav]y4 ,! skull ( ! sla9 man is put at ! base ( a palm1 or o!r tree j outside ! victor's h\se1 & :5 ! victor dies ! _s ( ! conqu]$ & sla9 man is call$ ^u to d s]vice to ! _s ( ! conqu]or 9 longa1 or ! _s-_w4 ,! ,boloki :5 attack+ a t[n w (t5 divide into two p>ties1 & :ile "o division attacks ! place 9 front by wat]1 ! o!r makes a det\r ov] l& & attacks ! re>4 ,:5 *as+ ! enemy !y ?r[ _! light1 ?91 fight+ spe>s 9 ! air1 & ^!1 turn+1 come d[n head fir/ & pi]ce ! %\ld]s1 & ,i h kn[n "s to ent] ! top ( ! arm & come out at ! elb[4 ,= w>d+ (f spe>s !y use grass-plait$ %ields1 f9e-wov5 cotton belts w\nd r\nd & r\nd ! wai/1 & "s h cuirasses ( hippopotamus hide to cov] ! back4 ,! cuirass fa/5s 9 front1 & at ! fa/5+ !re is g5]ally a dagg] 9 a %ea?1 :i* is easily drawn4 ,!re are a few fl9t-lock trade guns among !m1 b !y rely on _! light1 ?9 spe>s & knives ( v>i\s l5g?s & %apes4 ,lads :o _c obta9 spe>s use /icks ) %>p5$ po9ts t h be5 h>d5$ 9 ! fire1 & ) ^! !y h>ass ! enemy4 ,:5 fight+ !y we> sk9 hats1 m z a protection aga9/ cuts ?an = ornam5t2 & ! :ole face is black5$ ) a ?ick pa/e ( oil & soot1 or oil & burnt gr\nd nuts1 & ! eyes are surr\nd$ ) circles ( *alk or :ite clay4 ,?is is to disguise !m f _! enemies4 ,! ,boloki1 among ! ,congo p1 are ackn[l$g$ to be ! fi]ce/ & ! brave/ 9 a fight1 & are greatly fe>$ by ! o!r tribes4 ,prison]s tak5 are held to ransom1 & if n ransom$ !y are reta9$1 sold1 or kill$1 accord+ to ! :im ( ! captor4 ,! fir/ prison] tak5 by a man is giv51 z a fir/-fruit1 to ! man's fa!r1 or1 fail+ him1 to 8 ne>e/ relative4 ,wom5 v (t5 become ! wives ( _! captors4 ,prison]s captur$ 9 w> belong to _! captors1 & ! same applies to all k9ds ( spoils4 ,! bodies ( enemies are c>ri$ :5 possible f ! 8field0 & eat5 at a g5]al fea/4 ,if ! prison]s are n r$eem$ !y become slaves1 & :ile ! "y ones amalgamate ) _! conqu]ors1 & (t5 become a "p ( ! families ( _! own]s1 ! eld] ones :o h _! own tribal m>ks well def9$ nev] take o!r ?an a s]vile position 9 ! t[ns ( _! ma/]s4 ,! *ief cause ( qu>rels & fights on ! ,congo is ab\t wom51 & al?\gh ! o/5sible reason may be a drunk5 r[ or a debt1 yet if y pu% ! matt] to its real orig9 y w 9 n9e cases out ( t5 f9d a woman at ! bottom ( x4 ,directly aft] blood-bro!rhood is made all is fri5dly s f> z seem+ outw>d appe>ances may %[2 b ,i "k f exp]i5ce t ! conqu]$ are only await+ _! opportunity ( rev5ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,boloki ,,me?od ,,( ,,behead+ ,! victim "h lies on ! gr\nd ) a planta9 /em "u ! neck4 ,?is planta9 /em supports ! neck = a clean cut ?r\gh1 b does n damage ! edge ( ! knife4 ,!re are c]ta9 om5s t dem& c>eful att5tion dur+ w> "t4 ,to "s1 if a snake dur+ w> goes 9 front t[>ds ! enemy x is a sign t success w att5d _! und]tak+1 b if ! snake comes t[>ds !m ! om5 is aga9/ !m4 ,to o!rs1 if ! muntontwa 7a small active bird ) a long beak7 flies t[>ds ! enemy ! om5 is 9 _! fav\r1 b if x comes f ! direction ( ! enemy x is n to be disreg>d$ or "s calamity w surely ov]take !m4 ,to mo/ natives x w be a bad sign if a man kicks 8 foot aga9/ any?+ 9 ! road4 ,sometimes ! /rong]-m9d$ ones laugh away ! fe>s ( ^? :o are incl9$ to turn back if ! om5s are aga9/ !m2 b x m frequ5tly happ5s t !y turn en masse1 probably glad to po/pone ! fight4 ,aft] a fight1 9 :i* "s ( ! enemy are kill$1 only ! m5 meet to engage 9 ! bonkani dance4 ,! m5 dance ) _! spe>s & knives1 & any goats1 %eep1 dogs1 or f[ls t approa* ! danc]s are in/antly spe>$1 cook$1 & eat54 ,z a man beats ! drum "o aft] ano!r ( ! danc]s advances1 & 9 a solo tells ( 8 exploits dur+ ! late fight1 :i* exploits are m (t5 9 ! imag9ation ?an on ! field ( battle2 b !y vie ) "o ano!r 9 8draw+ ! long b[0 on su* occasions4 ,at times !y use ! foll[+ div9ation to asc]ta9 ! results ( a propos$ fight3 ,a saucepan ( m>% or =e/ wat] is procur$ & "s 8m$ic9e0 is put into x4 ,! saucepan is plac$ on ! fire1 to :i* none b ! op]ators h access1 & !n1 aft] due "t1 !y say to ?is likato 7saucepan ( wat] ) 8m$ic9e0 9 x71 8,w !y kill u 9 ! fight80 ,if ! wat] boils up & fills ! saucepan1 !n x is an om5 t "s ( !m w be kill$1 s !y ab&on ! w>2 b if ! wat] keeps l[ !y ask1 8,%all we kill "s ( !m 9 ! fight80 ,!n if ! wat] rises 9 ! saucepan x is an om5 t "s ( ! enemy w be kill$1 & ! w> is prosecut$2 b if ! wat] does n boil ov] x indicates t !y w n kill any ( ! enemy1 consequ5tly ! propos$ fight is dropp$4 ,?is te/ is appli$ sev]al times be=e x is consid]$ satisfactory4 ,i h se5 natives fight bo? on ! ,l[] & ,upp] ,congo4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo fl9t-lock guns are us$1 & d almo/ z mu* h>m to ! fir] z to ! "o fir$ at4 ,?r\gh be+ s flimsily made a heavy *>ge ( gunp[d] w (t5 cause ! old gas-pipe b>rels to explode1 & a l>ge numb] ( our hospital accid5ts are f guns bur/+ 9 hunt+ & fight+4 ,! fir] holds ! butt ( 8 gun aga9/ ! palm ( 8 "r h&1 consequ5tly :5 ! gun j]ks 9 fir+1 ! bullet goes any:]e b at ! object aim$ at unless t object is v ne>4 ,i h kn[n ov] two hundr$ m5 fire at ab\t ?irty = a :ole day & only "o man 0 w\nd$ 9 ! ankle by a sp5t slug4 ,_! guns w n c>ry f>1 & !y /& at long di/ances f "o ano!r & fire4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,boloki1 rely+ z he does on 8 fight+ spe>1 runs 9 to ?r[ x1 & _m w\nds are inflict$ 9 a v %ort "t4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo a p]son is seldom kill$ 9 a fight ) guns2 b among ! ,boloki !re is nev] a fight betwe5 t[n & t[n )\t sev]al dea?s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,hunt+ ,sc>city ( animal life--,bu%-burn+--,game 9 anci5t times--,no bu%-burn+ on ,upp] ,congo--,sc>city ( game--,abs5ce ( prairie l&s--,l>ge =e/s--,division ( an animal--,mode ( pres]v+ meat--,om5 ( success or failure--,taboo on trap mak]s--,feti%+ hunt+-dog--,spe>s us$ = "s animals--,/r+ nets = o!rs4 ,^? p>ts ( ! ,congo ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ are n teem+ ) animal life1 s f> z my exp]i5ce goes4 ,i _c claim ! rle ( an ard5t sportsman1 yet ,i c>ri$ my gun _m a we>y mile 9 se>* ( supplies = my table1 nor did ,i (t5 return unsuccessful4 ,! natives1 bo? on ! ,upp] & ,l[] ,congo1 give mu* "t to hunt+1 & are fairly successful :5 !re is game ab\t4 ,und\bt$ly ! annual grass-burn+ on ! ,l[] ,congo has gradually & surely r$uc$ ! game1 s t a p>ty ( hunt]s does n n[ br+ home an antelope once 9 two mon?s1 al?\gh !y might be out almo/ e day4 ,9 ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & e>ly ,octob] hundr$s ( miles ( bu% are burnt to ! gr\nd4 ,e t[n has its own 8bu%10 & aft] burn+ a circle r\nd _! t[n to secure x aga9/ fire :5 ! 8bu%0 is blaz+ be=e a ru%+ w9d1 ! t[n-folk arrange to fire "o 8pat* ( bu%0 aft] ano!r1 until ! :ole c\ntry is black ) *>r$ grass /umps4 ,:5 a pat* is burnt x is surr\nd$ by ! *ief & 8 m5 own+ x1 & !y %oot d[n ! antelopes1 bu%-pigs1 palm-rats1 gazelles1 etc41 z !y ru% by 9 t]ror f ! oncom+ flames4 ,?is annual bu%-burn+ has be5 go+ on = g5]ations1 & acc\nts = ! sc>city ( animal life on ! ,l[] ,congo4 ,9 a book#ca ,i h be=e me !re are evid5ces t animal life 0 v prolific at ! "t ( ! n>rator's visit to ! ,k+dom ( ,congo4 ,he gives v>i\s acc\nts ( ! mode ( hunt+ !n foll[$ on ! ,l[] ,congo1 b does n m5tion any bu%-burn+1 s app>5tly ?is mode ( hunt+ came into vogue at a lat] date4 ,he also speaks ( ! lion & zebra z be+ pl5tiful2 ^! n[1 h[ev]1 are nev] se5 on ! ,l[] ,congo4 ,he m5tions ! tig] 787 z be+ v num]\s & fi]ce2 b z he gives ! native "n--engoi--we "k t he is speak+ ( ! leop>d1 :i* is reg>d$ /ill z a royal bea/1 & is always spok5 ( z mfumu 7"l74 ,footnote #ca3 8,a ,report ( ! ,k+dom ( ,congo f ! writ+s etc4 ( ,du>te ,lopez by ,filippo ,pigafetta1 9 ,rome #aeia40 ,on ! ,upp] ,congo are _m hippopotami--9 a quiet side *annel 9 #ahij we c\nt$ ov] "o hundr$ ( ^! huge bea/s on a s+le s&bank2 & z we pass$ ! noise ( our /eam] fright5$ !m4 ,!y took to ! wat]1 *urn$ x 9 _! al>m1 & ?ump$ ! bottom ( our /eam] repeat$ly4 ,crocodiles are v num]\s1 & are frequ5tly kill$ f ! decks ( /eam]s pass+ up & d[n ! riv]4 ,!y are m cauti\s ?an =m]ly1 & make = ! riv] on ! slighte/ al>m4 ,_m wat]-birds are to be se5 along ! banks1 & 9 ! quiet] creeks & *annels monkeys ( v>i\s species sit *att]+ 9 ! trees4 ,! num]\s /eam]s t n[ run up & d[n ! riv] & its l>g] tribut>ies h fright5$ ! hippo1 ! crocodile1 & monkeys f ! ma9 *annels to ! small] ones1 & ! hunt] mu/ n[ g by canoe1 boat1 or small laun* up ^! unfrequ5t$ wat] bypa?s if he is 9 se>* ( sport4 ,!re is no bu%-burn+ on ! ,upp] ,congo1 = ! great] "p ( x is =e/ l&1 ) "h & !re an op5 glade ( =ty or fifty acres 9 ext5t4 ,animal life1 h[ev]1 is n prolific1 & ?is may be acc\nt$ =1 p]haps1 by ^! reasons3 ,!re are no great prairie or bu%-l&s :]e animals c bre$ 9 comp>ative security1 & ! ,equatorial di/rict = hundr$s ( miles is p]iodically flood$4 ,ab\t e t5 or elev5 ye>s ! banks are "u wat]4 ,i h _h to g ab\t my own /ation 9 a boat1 & ,i h eat5 antelopes & bu%-pigs t 7 caught & kill$ j (f our /ation 9 ! ov]-swoll5 riv]4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahij1 ! riv] at ,monsembe 0 elev5 feet bel[ ! bank1 b e ye> its highe/ rise 0 high] ?an ! previ\s ye>1 until 9 ,novemb]1 #ahif1 & aga9 9 #ahig1 ! riv] 0 runn+ "u our h\ses4 ,!n = a few ye>s its highe/ wat]m>k 0 l[] ?an ! prec$+ ye>2 & 9 #aijc x took ! turn1 & ! c\ntry 0 flood$ aga9 9 #aijh4 ,dur+ ! #ahif flood we le>n$ f ! natives t ! riv] 80 flood$ l ?is :5 ,s-&-s 0 a boy t height40 ,we judg$ t to be ab\t t5 ye>s be=e4 ,^! floods h und\bt$ly help$ to keep d[n ! animal life ( ! ,equatorial di/rict1 &1 9 addition1 x is probable t =e/ l&s are n su* good bre$+-places z ! op5 veldt l&s ( ,s\? ,africa1 :]e ! enemy _c s easily take an animal by surprise4 ,!re are 9 e ,boloki t[n two or ?ree m5 :o are ! recogniz$ hunt]s1 ei!r because ( _! success1 _! swiftness ( movem5t1 _! accuracy ( aim1 or _! d>+ c\rage4 ,^! m5 are ! lead]s 9 ! hunt1 & always receive a l>g] %>e ( ! spoil ?an ! ord9>y man4 ,! own] ( ! sla9 animal is he ^: spe> fir/ ent]s a vital "p1 & ?\gh ! o!rs h a %>e accord+ to _! importance1 yet he takes ! l>ge/ portion = himself4 ,v>i\s relatives1 head-m51 & *iefs h rights ov] c]ta9 p>ts ( an animal kill$ by a relative or a memb] ( ! t[n4 ,^! portions v>y consid]ably ) ! diff]5t families & t[ns4 ,a *ild takes a leg or a %\ld] ( ! animal sla9 by 8 fa!r1 a "m receives ! belly-piece or ! neck f h] successful son4 ,^! bespoke portions t belong to ! family are call$ bilelo4 ,! head-man ( ! t[n receives ! head or a leg1 & 8 portion is call$ mot&o4 ,aft] ! =tunate hunt] has met ^! claims1 & has giv5 8 companions 9 ! hunt a piece ea*1 !re is (t5 n mu* left = himself4 ,!re is no close season = hunt+4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! t[n are well def9$1 & ! isl&s belong+ to a t[n are well kn[n to all ! o!r t[ns 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,if an animal is kill$ on gr\nd own$ by a t[n o!r ?an t to :i* ! huntsman belongs1 he has to s5d a portion ( x--g5]ally ! head--to ! *ief :o claims ! l&4 ,! only mode ,i obs]v$ among !m = pres]v+ ! meat is t ( ?or\ghly dry+ x1 or smok+ x1 ov] a fire4 ,z a rule n mu* meat is pres]v$ 9 ?is way1 z ! animal is usually eat5 all up 9 ?ree or f\r days4 ,^? :o h m ?an !y c eat are always will+ to sell "s ( x to ! less =tunate1 & buy]s are num]\s4 ,m5 go+ to hunt c>ry _! special *>ms ) !m1 ei!r on _! p]son or on _! spe>s4 ,^! *>ms are almo/ z num]\s z !re are huntsm52 y w sc>cely f9d two m5 9 a p>ty :o h fai? 9 ! same k9d ( *>m4 ,b !re are c]ta9 c]emonies p]=m$ 9 :i* all ! huntsm5 take "p4 ,9 ! case ( a special hunt1 say = kill+ elephants1 a m$ic9e man 0 call$ :o took two or ?ree days to p]=m an elaborate ritual & 8make m$ic9e40 ,?is only occurr$ once dur+ my resid5ce at ,monsembe1 & !n ! hunt 0 n successful4 ,al?\gh ,i inquir$ ab\t :at ! m$ic9e man did1 ! p 7 too suspici\s ( me to in=m me ab\t 8 proce$+s4 ,i f\nd lat] t ! natives ?\ght t ! spirits ( ! deceas$ :o inhabit$ ! =e/s _h p[] to turn ! animals aside f ! traps & ?us r5d] !m ineffective1 s ! fir/ ?+ to be done :5 arrang+ a hunt 0 to call ! m$ic9e man ( ! mat4 ,?is m$ic9e man br\ght 8 mats1 *>ms1 "s saucepans & calaba%es4 ,he set up 8 mat1 & ent]+ ! enclos$ space he w5t ?r\gh secret rites t la/$ f "o to ?ree days4 ,dur+ ^! secret c]emonies he caught ! spirits ( ! locality :]e ! trap 0 set 7or 0 to be set71 & %ut !m up 9 a saucepan1 or secur$ !m safely 9 a calaba%4 ,aga91 all ^? conc]n$ 9 ! hunt _h to *ew r$ pepp] & ! pulp ( ! nsafu fruit1 & if anyone refus$ to eat ?is mixture or c\ld n spit x out prop]ly x 0 tak5 z an adv]se om5 & ! hunt ab&on$4 ,:5 ! m$ic9e man _h secur$ ! spirits 9 8 saucepan or calaba%1 & ! om5 0 satisfactory1 ! man :o />t$ ! proce$+s & two or ?ree fri5ds w5t & put up ! spe>-trap4 ,f ! "t ( sett+ ! trap until an animal 0 kill$ 9 x & eat51 ^! m5 ab/a9$ f all int]c\rse ) wom51 o!rwise ! luck w\ld be bad & _! trap unsuccessful4 ,! same prohibition 0 en=c$ on hunt]s :o made traps 7motambu noose-traps7 = bu%-pigs & burr[+ animals4 ,! natives are n good track]s4 ,i v (t5 hunt$ ) !m1 & aft] a %ort "t ,i 0 able to track ! game z quickly z !y4 ,!y reli$ m on ! animal runn+ into a trap1 or into a noose1 ?an track+ !m d[n & spe>+ !m4 ,!y nev] w5t track+ = long di/ances l ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 b simply = a mile or two r\nd _! own t[ns4 ,und\bt$ly ! v>i\s *iefs own+ ! gr\nd & dem&+ c]ta9 p>ts ( ! animals kill$ on _! l& re/rict$ ! track+ & hunt+ to small areas = sett+ traps only1 & consequ5tly _! track+ in/9cts 7 n develop$4 ,! m$ic9e man ( ! mat takes ! dog select$ = hunt+ purposes & puts into its m\? & nose ! juice press$ f a cru%$ %rub call$ mumpongo1 & ?is makes ! dog ke5 ( sc5t & c\rage\s 9 ! hunt4 ,:5 su* a dog dies x is n eat5 l o!r dogs1 b is buri$ 9 a mat l a *ild1 = x is a feti% dog1 & h5ce x is suppos$ to h a k9d ( _s :i*1 if n prop]ly treat$1 c br+ bad luck on its =m] own]4 ,= hippopotami1 elephants1 & antelopes spr+ traps 7 plac$ across _! tracks4 ,^! traps are made by putt+ two /\t uprights ab\t f\r feet ap>t1 "o on ei!r side ( ! track2 !n a /\t cross-piece is ti$ at ab\t twelve feet f ! gr\nd4 ,to ! middle ( ?is cross-piece & "r ov] ! track is fix$ a heavy log ( wood2 & into ! d[nw>d end ( ! log is plac$ a /rong1 %>p1 heavy spe> or prong4 ,! log is s arrang$ t :5 ! /r+ :i* /ret*es across ! pa? is t\*$ by ! pass+ animal1 d[n comes ! log1 & f\r times out ( six ! spe> ent]s ! body ( ! bea/4 ,i once saw ! body ( a man :o1 :ile runn+ 9 ! =e/1 _h inadv]t5tly t\*$ ! spr+ ( "o ( ^! traps4 ,! spe> caught him 9 ! back ( ! neck1 pass$ ?r\gh 8 body1 & came out betwe5 8 legs4 ,su* traps 7 call$ mbonga4 ,occasionally pit-traps are made1 b x is seldom t any?+ is f\nd 9 !m4 ,9 hunt+ ! l>g] bu% animals1 & also crocodiles1 ! spe> is ! mo/ common weapon1 & ?is is hurl$ ) great precision & swiftness4 ,b 9 hunt+ small] game1 z ! small antelopes1 coypus1 or palm-rats1 bu%-pigs1 & gazelle-l animals1 long /r+ nets are employ$4 ,^! nets are plac$ 9 a semicircle ne> :]e ! animal is suppos$ to be1 & !n ! hunt]s c>efully beat ! bu%1 driv+ ! game be=e !m into ! net4 ,mo/ ( ! hunt+-spe>s are light1 ) a small blade & ?9 %aft1 & "s h b>bs along ei!r side ( ! blade4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,fi%+ ,collect+ fi% = ! ,museum--,modes ( fi%+--,by tor*light--,fi%-f5ces--,traps & spoon-nets--,float+ buoys & hooks--,fi%-spe>s--,fi% poisons--,prohibition ) fi% traps--,address+ ! fi%]man--,p5alties--,fir/-fruits--,porti on giv5 to head *ief4 ,fi% is v pl5tiful 9 ! ,congo & its tribut>ies4 ,! writ] 0 ask$ a few ye>s ago by ! au?orities ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 ,london1 if he w\ld und]take to collect ,congo fi% = !m4 ,?is he readily cons5t$ to d1 & 0 glad ( ! opportunity ( r5d]+ !m any assi/ance 9 8 p[] on ! und]/&+ t x %\ld be no exp5se1 = transport1 etc41 to 8 ,society4 ,! ,museum au?orities s5t him ! necess>y pres]v+ spirits & ! tanks4 ,! latt] he fill$ ) fi%1 labell$ !m & =w>d$ !m to ,m4 ,g4 ,a4 ,b\l5g]1 :o has *>ge ( ! ,i*?yological ,dep>tm5t at ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum4 ,! natives !mselves became int]e/$ 9 collect+ fi%1 & br\ght me _! cat*es to see if !re 0 a fi% among !m t ,i _h n put into ! 8box02 & :5 lat] ! ,museum au?orities s5t me ab\t fifty plates1 beautifully engrav$1 ( ! ,congo fi% t ,i & o!rs _h s5t to !m1 no?+ delight$ ! native lads m ?an look+ ov] ^? plates & talk+ ab\t ! fi% repres5t$ by !m4 ,i />t$ collect+ 9 ! foll[+ simple way3 ,9 #ahic we _h no fi%-hooks on ! /ation1 b ! boys ask$ my wife to give !m "s p9s ) :i* to make hooks4 ,?is we did1 on ! condition t ! "y fi%]m5 br\ght _! cat*es to u & all[$ u to take "o or two fi% = my bottle4 ,! fi% !y caught by su* primitive means 71 ( c\rse1 r small1 ab\t ! size ( "o's f+]s2 b ,i soon _h two pickle bottles full ( v>i\s k9ds ( fi%4 ,^! bottles ,i br\ght home 9 #ahie & gave to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 & sev]al new species 7 f\nd 9 t small1 unpret5ti\s collection4 ,?is l$ ! ,museum au?orities to ask me to collect l>g] fi%1 :i* ,i gladly did4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 notic+ ! v>i\s modes ( fi%+ pursu$ by ! diff]5t tribes on ! ,congo1 & w "h give ! results ( my obs]vations3 7#a7 ,fi%+ by tor*es at night4 ,fi%]m5 9 twos & ?rees w\ld light a bun* ( grass1 or an old mat1 on a d>k night & w\ld walk quietly along ! riv]'s bank1 hold+ ! light well up ) "o h& s z to attract ! fi%1 & hav+ 9 ! o!r h& a long knife or spe> well pois$1 ready to /rike any fi% t 0 attract$ by ! bright light4 ,i nev] saw !m cat* a fi% 9 ?is way1 b !y mu/ kill "o occasionally1 or !y w\ld n tr\ble to sp5d _! "t 9 ?is mann]4 ,?is mode ( fi%+ 0 common to all ! peoples "r along ! riv]4 7#b7 ,dur+ c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>--,may & ,novemb]--! ,congo itself & its num]\s tribut>ies1 inlets1 & creeks are flood$ ) heavy ra9s4 ,! wat]%$ ( ! ,congo ,riv] is ext5sive en\gh to b5efit by ! ra9y seasons bo? nor? & s\? ( ! ,equator2 h5ce ! two rises 9 ! ye>--,may & ,novemb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission3 ,muse du ,congo ,belge ,,tetrodon ,,mbu ,?is fi% has ! p[]1 :5 irritat$1 ( di/5d+ itself enorm\sly1 & becomes cov]$ ) small sp9es4 ,?is is its mode ( def5ce1 = :5 swall[$ by a l>g] fi% x at once inflates itself 9 its enemy's ?roat1 :o has ei!r to expel x or *oke4 ,at flood times f5ces are built across ! small] creeks & /reams4 ,^! f5ces are s closely wov5 t none b ! smalle/ fi% c pass4 ,z soon z ! wat] falls1 :i* x g5]ally does 9 six or eight weeks1 ^? :o built ! f5ces g & se>* ! %all[ wat] & mud = any fi% t may h be5 %ut 9 ! trap4 ,9 ?is way l>ge quantities ( v>i\s k9ds ( fi% are caught1 :i*1 be+ clean$ & ?or\ghly dri$ 9 ! smoke ov] a sl[ fire1 help !m mu* by r5d]+ _! s\r cassava m palatable4 ,dur+ ! "t t ! riv] is subsid+ ! p cat* snails1 & cut !m up to fe$ ! fi% 9 ^! creek traps1 & also 9 any ponds & pools left on ! isl&s by ! rec$+ riv]4 ,at flood "t _m ( ! isl&s are "o & two feet "u wat]1 & z ! riv] goes d[n l>ge pools are left 9 ! holl[s4 ,^! are claim$ by ^? p :o1 z ! wat] %all[s1 fatt5 ! fi% ) snails & cassava p>+s1 & 9 due "t !y bail ! rema9+ wat] out ( ^! pools & cat* ! gasp+ fi% left on ! muddy bottom4 ,! mud-fi% & siluroids are caught 9 l>ge quantities 9 ^! pools & ponds4 ,bo? ^! modes ( fi%+ are common to ! :ole riv] above ,/anley ,pool4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission3 ,muse du ,congo ,belge ,,gna?onemus ,,num5ius ,?is curi\s fi%1 ) a proboscis l an elephant's1 is to be f\nd on ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,! long sn\t is us$ = se>*+ = snails1 worms1 & insects 9 ! mud4 ,! eyes are protect$ by a transp>5t cov]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,long ,,fi%-,,trap ,! m\? is put up-riv]1 & p>titions 9 x are s arrang$ t fi% c ent]1 b _c get out4 ,see page #bda4 7#c7 ,on ! ,upp] ,congo1 :]e ! wat] is %all[ & ! banks slope gradually & regul>ly1 ! natives select a suitable place & drive 9 a numb] ( wood5 /akes =m+ a l>ge semicircle1 ! ends ( :i* t\* ! bank at f #ae to #bj y>ds f ea* o!r4 ,!y !n fa/5 long bamboo nets to ! /akes1 ?us enclos+ a l>ge %eet ( wat]4 ,a l>ge numb] ( light bran*es & leaves are loosely ?r[n ov] ! surface ( ! enclos$ wat]2 ! up-riv] end ( ?is fi%-trap is left op5 = ! fi% to pass 9 :]e !y f9d %ade4 ,snails & cassava p>+s are cut up & ?r[n 9 to fatt5 ! fi% & induce !m to /ay4 ,z ! riv] rises m bran*es are ?r[n on ! enclos$ wat]1 & ! fi% glid+ along ! bank ent]1 & are *>m$ by ! cool %ade & food !y f9d !re4 ,z soon z ! riv] beg9s to fall bel[ ! top ( ! net ! op5+ is %ut4 ,at ?is /age ! natives frequ5tly spe> fi% by prob+ ) _! fi%-spe>s among ! bran*es & grass inside ! trap4 ,9 a few weeks ! riv] falls1 & ! bran*es are c>efully remov$1 & a numb] ( wom5 & boys & girls ent] ! wat] ) cone-%ap$ baskets ab\t #b feet high1 #ah in*es 9 diamet] at ! m\?1 & an #h-;in* op5+ at ! top4 ,^! baskets !y lift up & d[n 9 ! wat]1 plac+ ! bottom firmly ea* "t on ! riv]-b$1 & f ! feel !y c tell :e!r a fi% is enclos$ or n4 ,!y cat* fi% frequ5tly 9 ?is way1 & !n !y put _! h& ?r\gh ! top op5+ & grip x4 ,if ! fi% is too l>ge = t1 !n a spe> is pass$ ?r\gh & ! fi% p9n$ to ! gr\nd4 ,see page #bci4 ,ar\nd ! outside ( ! f5ce w be a numb] ( canoes1 occupi$ by m5 & lads fi%+ ) l>ge /r+ nets fa/5$ to /\t canes ( calamus palms4 ,) ^! !y spoon ! wat] & (t5 br+ up a fi%4 ,aft] a "t ! l>ge bamboo-net f5ce is sl[ly pull$ up ! slop+ bank1 sweep+ be=e x & enclos+ 9 its n>r[+ space any fi% t may h escap$ ! spe>s1 nets1 & traps1 until x is drawn "r up ! bank4 ,! :ole sc5e is v animat$1 m5 & wom51 boys & girls--a score or m ( !m--laugh+1 je/+1 jok+ mo/ noisily1 spla%+ ea* o!r1 scrambl+1 swimm+1 kick+1 fight+1 & div+ 9 _! ef=ts to cat* ! fi% !y feel glid+ betwe5 _! legs or slipp+ ?r\gh _! f+]s4 ,_m g z mu* = ! fun z = ! fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,see page #bda4 ,illu/ration3 ,see page #bch4 7#d7 ,fi%-hooks1 probably fir/ introduc$ by :ite m51 are 9 g5]al use all along ! riv]4 ,! hook is bait$ ) cassava1 or e>? worms1 or ! entrails ( f[ls4 ,x is ?r[n into ! riv] to lie on ! bottom until x is f\nd & swall[$ by a hungry fi%4 ,i h se5 a fi% weigh+ #bj p\nds caught 9 ?is way4 ,! end ( ! l9e is a runn+ noose plac$ r\nd ! angl]'s wri/4 ,i once saw a boy ab\t #ad ye>s old j]k$ (f ! bank into ! riv] by a fi% t _h swall[$ 8 hook1 & !n 9 fright _h sudd5ly />t$ (f4 ,! boy1 tak5 by surprise1 lo/ 8 balance & toppl$ into ! riv]2 he & 8 fi%1 h[ev]1 7 soon pull$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an*or$ ,,float ,,) ,,bait$ ,,hook ,! foll[+ is ano!r mode ( us+ ! fi%-hook3 ,a cresc5t-%ap$ float ( light wood 7g5]ally amba%7 is prep>$1 & a cord is fix$ across f horn to horn2 f ?is cord hangs a /r+ ) ! bait$ hook at ! end4 ,?is float has a heavy /one fa/5$ to x at ! end ( a long cord4 ,! fi%]man goes into ! middle ( ! riv]1 drops ! /one an*or 7to keep ! float f be+ c>ri$ away by ! curr5t71 arranges ! float & hook1 & returns to l& 9 8 canoe4 ,z long z he sees ! horns ( 8 float above wat] he kn[s t no fi% is on ! hook4 ,:5 a fi% takes ! bait & swall[s ! hook1 x ov]turns ! float 9 its attempts to escape1 & :5 ! fi%]man sees ! r\nd$ bottom ( 8 float above wat] he kn[s t a fi% is caught on ! hook4 ,i h se5 fi% weigh+ close on #dj p\nds caught by ?is +5i\s me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s+le ,,& ,,d\ble ,,fi% ,,traps ,see pages #bda-b ,illu/ration3 ,,fi% ,,spe> ,,) ,,deta*able ,,head ,?r\gh\t ! :ole l5g? ( ! riv] ! natives use l>ge cone-%ap$ traps made ( split canes & bamboos4 ,^! traps v>y 9 size f #f feet to #ab feet 9 l5g?1 & f #b feet to #g feet 9 diamet] at ! m\?4 ,! sides run /raight = two-?irds ( ! l5g?1 & !n tap] (f to a po9t4 ,inside are sev]al p>titions runn+ 9 semicircles & at an obtuse angle to ! sides1 s t x is easy = ! fi% to ent]2 b if !y try to escape1 ! %>p1 irregul> ends ( ! canes =m+ ! p>titions probe !m1 & effectually turn !m back4 ,^! l>ge basket-l traps are weight$ & dropp$ into deep wat] ) _! m\?s up/ream4 ,"s h only "o small] circle ( canes arrang$ inside a l>g]4 ,!re is also ano!r trap hav+ ! same diamet] = its :ole l5g?1 & a m\? at ea* end ) a small] cone-%ap$ p>tition arrang$ 9 ea* op5+1 s t fi% com+ f opposite directions c ent]4 ,fi%-spe>s are ( diff]5t %apes1 b _! hafts are always long--f #aj to #ab feet--& tap]$ t[>ds ! end4 ,sometimes ! h&les are ( /icks1 & sometimes ( bamboos4 ,! fi%-spe> is (t5 a simple prong1 sometimes an ord9>y spe> %ape1 b ! commone/ =m is ! b>b$--s+le1 or d\ble1 or triple4 ,! two =m] are always tightly fix$ 9 _! h&les1 b ! b>b$ k9d is always deta*able1 hav+ two or ?ree y>ds ( /r+ loosely w\nd r\nd ! h&le ne> to ! spe>-head4 ,?is all[s ! b>b$ head ( ! spe> to rema9 9 ! fi%1 & ! h&le to float & %[ its :]eab\ts4 ,i ?9k ! only reason = ?is diff]5ce is t ! b>b$ spe>-heads are sc>ce & co/ly1 & on acc\nt ( ! deta*able h&les !y are n s likely to lose !m4 ,fi% poisons are us$4 ,"o 0 ! milky juice ( a legum9\s1 hairy plant1 call$ botoko 7probably ,tephrosia toxif]a71 :i* 0 cru%$ & ?r[n into ! /reamlets & creeks & has ! effect ( p>tially /upefy+ ! fi%4 ,! o!r 0 ! juice ( ! ,euphorbia1 nam$ by ! natives kokotulu4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission3 ,muse du ,congo ,belge ,,g5yomyrus ,,donnyi ,?is rem>kable fi% is to be se5 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,x fe$s on molluscs1 worms1 & maggots4 ,its eyes are protect$ by a transp>5t cov]+ :i* p]mits x to probe among heaps ( riv] refuse4 7#e7 ,! ,lib9za p1 to :om ,i h ref]r$ sev]al times1 make ! l>ge/ nets1 & fi% 9 a m bus9ess-l way ?an any tribe ,i h se5 on ! ,upp] ,congo4 ,^! nets are ( a l>ge me%1 & are made entirely ( native /r+4 ,9 %ape ! net is l a box )\t a lid4 ,x is #ae feet long1 ab\t #h feet wide1 & f #c to #d feet deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission3 ,muse du ,congo ,belge ,,protopt]us ,,dolloi ,! mud-fi%--p>tly fi%1 p>tly reptile1 ) its rudim5t>y f9s1 brea!s by gills & lives l a fi% :5 !re is pl5ty ( wat] 9 ! creeks & riv]2 b :5 ! riv] subsides x burr[s 9 ! mud1 :i* soon bakes into a h>d cake1 & !re ! mud-fi% passes ! dry season roll$ up & 9 a torpid condition4 ,?is is a fair av]age size2 !re are _m l>g] ?an ?is1 & "s small]4 ,soon aft] d>k ! ,lib9za fi%]m5 select a suitable place--a s&bank ) ?ree or f\r feet ( wat] on x4 ,! net is fix$ by "o end & ! two sides1 be+ ti$ to /akes driv5 9 ! s&2 ! o!r end 0 all[$ to lie on ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,hav+ fa/5$ ! net1 !y =m a wide semicircle at "s di/ance f ! loose end ( _! net1 & at a signal !y beg9 to beat ! wat] ) _! h&s & feet1 gradually work+ up to ! op5 end & driv+ ! />tl$ fi% be=e !m4 ,?is op]ation is frequ5tly repeat$ ?r\gh ! night1 & z a result l>ge quantities ( all k9ds ( fi% are br\ght to ! t[n next morn+4 ,= ?is k9d ( fi%+ ! riv] mu/ be fairly %all[4 7#f7 ,! ,basoko p h ano!r mode ( fi%+ by means ( a /r+ net #cj feet long & #e feet high4 ,! two ends are fix$ to /icks2 along ! upp] edge ( ! net 7 floats ( pi?-wood1 & along ! bottom edge 7 weights ( burnt fire-clay4 ,! m5 g out 9 a canoe1 & at a likely place ! net is unroll$1 & "o man slips ov] ! side ( ! canoe ) "o end ( ! net :i*1 by means ( ! /ick1 he fa/5s upright 9 ! b$ ( ! riv]2 ! o!r man !n jumps into ! riv] ) 8 end ( ! net & makes a wide det\r--! floats buoy+ up "o edge & ! weights s9k+ ! o!r4 ,! second man hav+ made z wide a det\r z ! l5g? ( ! net p]mits1 sweeps r\nd ! fix$ end & w9ds ! net closely r\nd & r\nd1 entangl+ 9 its me%es any fi% caught inside ! circle ( its sweep4 ,i h se5 _m fi% caught 9 ?is mann]4 7#g7 ,! ,bopoto p h ano!r mode1 :i* appe>s m clumsy ?an x really is4 ,a light frame ( poles ab\t #h or #i feet squ>e is cov]$ ) a f9e mat ( bamboo la?s closely wov5 toge!r4 ,"o side ( ?is frame is h+$ to ! side ( ! canoe s t x moves freely4 ,! two upp] corn]s ( ! frame h ropes atta*$ to !m4 ,! two fi%]m5 hold ! frame upright :ile a ?ird paddles !m into mid-/ream2 !n ! frame is l[]$ by ! ropes until ! top end is #ab or #ad in*es "u ! wat]1 & ! canoe is !n all[$ to drift ) ! curr5t4 ,by & by a fi% swims ov] ! subm]g$ net1 & ! m51 :o are wat*+1 pull quickly at _! ropes1 up comes ! net1 & d[n tumbles ! fi% into ! canoe4 ,x is a curi\s fact t "o tribe nev] imitates ano!r 9 its pr9cipal mode ( fi%+4 ,i h se5 an ,upp] ,riv] native make & use a ca/ net su* z he _h se5 ! ,accra c>p5t]s use2 b ,i nev] saw a man ( "o tribe imitate a man ( a neighb\r+ tribe 9 8 peculi> mode ( fi%+4 ,!y h traps common to all1 b ea* tribe has its own pr9cipal mode peculi> to itself4 ,i h twitt$ a native ( ,monsembe ab\t n foll[+1 or ev5 try+1 ! successful mode ( fi%+ pursu$ by ! ,lib9za p1 & he has repli$3 8,we c\ld n cat* fi% l !m ev5 if we tri$2 t is _! way1 & we h ours40 ,fi%]m5 :ile mak+ _! traps 7moleke7 are prohibit$ f all int]c\rse ) wom51 & ?is prohibition cont9ues until ! trap has caught "s fi% & ! said fi% has be5 eat51 o!rwise !y w h no luck 9 fi%+4 ,?is ab/95ce may la/ "s few weeks1 or only a few days4 ,! ,boloki folk 9 ! old days (t5 ?rew old m5 or wom5 into ! riv] to appease ! wat]-spirits 7m+oli71 t !y might be m successful 9 fi%+4 ,:ile a man is fi%+1 & imm$iately on 8 return f fi%+1 he is call$ mwele1 no matt] :o he may be4 ,! riv] is suppos$ to be full ( spirits1 & if ^! he> ! prop] names ( ! fi%]m5 !y c s "w aga9/ !m t !y w cat* little or no fi%1 consequ5tly ! fi%]m5 desire to hide _! id5tity "u ! g5]al "n ( mwele4 ,aga91 :5 a man l&s ) 8 fi% ! buy] mu/ n address him by 8 prop] "n1 b z mwele1 or ! spirits w he> x1 & ei!r m>k him z "o aga9/ :om !y w ex]cise _! influ5ce ano!r "t1 or !y w impov]i% ! fi% j caught1 s t ! man's *ances ( a good price w be lo/4 ,h5ce ! fi%]man c make ! p]son :o breaks ?is rule ei!r pay him heavy damages1 or compel him to sell ! fi% 9 ! village at a good price & ?us re/ore 8 luck4 ,! fir/-fruits ( a lad's fi%+ are giv5 to 8 ne>e/ relatives4 ,:5 ?is is n possible1 !n o!r fi% are giv5 lat] on4 ,v (t5 a %>e ( ! fir/ cat* ( e season is simil>ly giv5 to ! p>5ts or ne>e/ relatives4 ,a "p ( ! fi% caught is giv5 to ! head-man ( ! t[n to :i* ! fi%]man belongs4 ,?is 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! p]quisites ( 8 position1 & ! non-obs]vance ( cu/om is bitt]ly res5t$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,religi\s ,,beliefs ,ideas ( a ,supreme ,be+--,8 v>i\s names--,views ( ! _s life--,feti%ism--,m$ic9e m5 & spirits--,black & :ite magic--,orig9 ( ! t]m feti%--,native crusade aga9/ feti%es--,bundle ( *>ms--,its cont5ts--,sacrifices to feti%es--,rise & fall ( wit*-doctors--,an attempt to def9e feti%ism--,natives v religi\s4 ,we h f\nd a vague k ( a ,supreme ,be+1 & a belief 9 ,him1 v g5]al among ^? tribes on ! ,congo ) :i* we h come into contact4 ,9 ea* case ! natives' ideas ( ! ,supreme ,be+ 7 ga!r$ & not$ long be=e our tea*+ _h influ5c$ _! views or increas$ _! k conc]n+ ,him4 ,be=e we c\ld prea* our views we _h to le>n _! language1 & :ile le>n+ _! language we necess>ily receiv$--9 ! def9itions ( ! words we 7 le>n+ f !m--_! ideas ( t great ,be+ :o creat$ ! _w4 ,we f\nd _! k ( ,him 0 sc>cely m ?an nom9al1 & no wor%ip 0 ev] paid to ,him4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo ,he is call$ ,nzambi1 or by ,8 full] title ,nzambi a mpungu2 no satisfactory root ^w has yet be5 f\nd = ,nzambi1 b = mpungu !re are say+s & prov]bs t cle>ly indicate its mean+ z1 mo/ ( all1 supreme1 highe/1 & ,nzambi a mpungu z ! ,be+ mo/ ,high1 or ,supreme4 ,on ! ,upp] ,congo among ! ,bobangi folk ! ^w us$ = ! ,supreme ,be+ is ,nyambe2 among ! ,lulanga p1 ,nzakomba2 among ! ,boloki1 ,njambe2 among ! ,bopoto p x is ,libanza1 :i* ^w is also well kn[n among ! ,boloki p1 & 0 probably introduc$ by slaves f ,bopoto4 ,at ,yakusu1 ne> ,/anley ,falls1 ! ^w us$ is ,mungu1 :i* is a %ort5$ =m ( ! ,swahili ^w muungu1 & ?is may conta9 ! root ( ! ,l[] ,congo ^w mpungu4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! mo/ common "n = ! ,supreme ,be+ on ! ,congo is also kn[n1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 ov] an ext5sive area ( ,africa rea*+ f #f nor? ( ! ,equator away to extreme ,s\? ,africa2 z1 = example1 among ! ,a%anti x is ,onyame1 at ,gaboon x is ,anyambie1 & two ?\s& miles away among ! ,b>otse folk x is ,niambe4 ,^! are ! names t /& = a ,be+ :o is end[$ ) /r5g?1 weal?1 & wisdom by ! natives2 & ,he is also reg>d$ & spok5 ( by !m z ! pr9cipal ,creator ( ! _w1 & ! ,mak] ( all ?+s4 ,"s ?9k ,him s p]fect 9 all ,8 works t semi-sane p1 crook$ /icks1 & de=m$ p]sons & animals are plac$ to ! cr$it ( a subord9ate div9ity--a demiurge call$ ,kombu4 ,b ! ,supreme ,be+ is believ$ by ! natives to h )drawn ,himself to a great di/ance aft] p]=m+ ,8 creative works2 t ,he has n[ little or no conc]n 9 mundane affairs2 & app>5tly no p[] ov] spirits & no control ov] ! lives ( m51 ei!r to protect !m f malignant spirits or to help !m by av]t+ dang]4 ,!y also consid] ! ,supreme ,be+ 7,nzambi7 z be+ s good & k9d t !re is no ne$ to appease ,him by rites1 c]emonies1 or sacrifices4 ,h5ce !y nev] pray to ?is ,supreme ,"o1 !y nev] wor%ip ,him1 or ?9k ( ,him z be+ int]e/$ 9 ! do+s ( ! _w & its peoples4 ,dur+ ! :ole ?irty ye>s ( my life 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,congo ,i h he>d ! "n ( ! ,deity us$ 9 ! foll[+ f\r ways only3 ,among ! ,l[] ,congo p1 :5 !y desire to emphasize a /atem5t or v\* = ! tru?fulness ( _! words1 !y use ! "n 9 an oa?4 ,:5 9 extreme tr\ble !y cry out3 8,i wi% ,nzambi _h nev] made me60 or :5 9 great di/ress3 8,nzambi1 pity me60 ,also on ! ,l[] ,congo !re is ! phrase lufwa lua ,nzambi dea? by ,god1 i4e4 a natural dea? z di/9ctive f dea? by wit*craft2 b ?is view ( dea? is n s frequ5tly he>d on ! ,l[] ,congo z among ! ,boloki p1 :]e awi na ,njambe he di$ by ,god1 i4e4 !re is no wit*craft ab\t ! dea? ( ! deceas$1 nor any?+ po9t+ to wit*craft ab\t ! accid5t t caus$ ! dea?1 is (t5 he>d4 ,^! are ! only phrases :i* suppose t ! ,supreme ,be+ has any?+ to d ) ! _w4 ,!y are g5]ally employ$ 9 ! case ( poor folk :5 !y die1 z no "o wants ! tr\ble & exp5se ( engag+ a wit*-doctor to seek out ! wit*4 ,ab\t f\r ye>s ago ,i ask$ a mo/ intellig5t native1 ^: age 0 ab\t #de1 if he c\ld recall any pray] t 0 (f]$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ 7,nzambi7 by 8 family or any natives be=e ! com+ ( ! mission>ies4 ,he sat quietly = a few m9utes & !n answ]$3 8,no1 b a woman 9 great di/ress w\ld say1 #8,nzambi1 pity me1' n because %e ?\ght %e w\ld receive pity1 = we all believ$ ,nzambi 0 too f> away to he> u or ?9k ( u1 b because x 0 a say+ among/ u = su* times ( di/ress40 ,among ! ,l[] ,congo p ! belief exi/s t :5 !re is a halo r\nd ! moon x is a sign t ! ,supreme ,be+ is !re confirm+ ! resid5ce 9 t cool place--h5ce /ate ( happ9ess ( "s spirits :i* h j arriv$2 & :5 ! halo is r\nd ! sun1 !n ^? :o h rec5tly lo/ relatives or fri5ds by dea? w tremble & wail1 because t halo r\nd ! sun is an indication to !m t ! ,supreme ,be+ 7,nzambi7 is !re confirm+ ! puni%m5t t has consign$ ! late dep>t$ to ! hot place--h5ce /ate ( unhapp9ess4 ,!re is a prov]b t %[s ! la/+ness ( ?is puni%m5t3 8,! bad p are tortur$ l a locu/ on ! burn+ grass2 x wants to die1 b is kept alive40 ,^! comprise ! only ideas conc]n+ ! ,supreme ,be+ t ,i h ev] he>d express$1 ei!r on ! ,l[] ,congo or among ! ,boloki natives4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a seem+ contradiction ( ! moon & sun !ory1 z /at$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 by ano!r belief extant among ! ,l[] ,congo p1 viz4 t all ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ g to a great _s-t[n 9 ! =e/1 & t is ! reason :y burials take place at sunset4 ,! natives argue ?us3 ,dur+ ! day folk g to f>ms1 to m>ket1 to "w 9 ! =e/s1 etc41 & ! t[n is left empty2 9 ! ev5+ ! inhabitants h return$ f _! diff]5t occupations1 & are ready to accord a welcome to any visitor2 ?us also ! _s-t[n3 all ! spirits are away at _! diff]5t employm5ts & d n return until ! ev5+1 & if ! deceas$ 7 buri$ dur+ ! morn+ or e>ly aft]noon !re w\ld be no "o 9 ! t[n to welcome him4 ,^! diff]+ beliefs appe> to be co-exi/5t1 & ! natives1 if !y p]ceive _! inconsi/5cy1 h n (f]$ any explanation4 ,i once po9t$ out ! contradictory nature ( ^! beliefs to a sm>t native ) :om ,i 0 conv]s+ on ! subject1 & 8 reply 03 8,"s believe "o ?+1 "s believe ! o!r1 & "s p believe bo?40 ,among ! ,boloki p !re is a g5]al & firm belief 9 a _s-_w1 or ne!r region 7call$ longa74 ,x is suppos$ to be some:]e d[n bel[4 ,f _m natives ,i h receiv$ ! same direction1 always accompani$ by ! same action & words1 viz4 !y h po9t$ ) _! f+]s to ! gr\nd1 say+1 8,x is d[n und]nea? !re40 ,9 ! ne!r regions ! conditions ( exi/5ce appe> to be simil> to ^? 9 ! villages & t[n1 ) ?is exception1 t a man may be too high 9 ! social scale to be puni%$ on e>?1 b he _c escape puni%m5t 9 ! ne!r regions = ! disagreeable qualities he has exhibit$ on e>?4 ,)9 a few h\rs ( an unpopul> head-man's dea?1 ,i h he>d ! ord9>y natives laugh+ly say to "o ano!r z !y h snapp$ _! f+]s 9 glee3 8,he is be+ puni%$ n[40 ,:o allott$ ! puni%m5t & saw to its infliction ,i c\ld nev] asc]ta94 ,juries ( head-m5 on e>? sat to decide difficult cases2 & x may be t !y ?\ght juries 9 ! ne!r region sat on cases & allott$ ! necess>y puni%m5t4 ,! fir+ ( guns1 %\t+1 wail+1 beat+ ( drums & su* noises are he>d 9 ! ne!r regions1 & give notice to ! inhabitants !re ( ! approa* ( ano!r disembodi$ _s4 ,! l\d] ! noise ! great] is ! expectation ( ^? 9 ! _s-l& ( see+ a great man arrive4 ,! spirits ( ! dep>t$ wait ab\t ! entrance to ! ne!r regions to greet ! "o ab\t ^: dep>ture = _! abode s mu* fuss is be+ made4 ,! s\l ( a liv+ p]son is call$ elimo1 b on ! p]son's dea? 8 s\l becomes a disembodi$ _s nam$ mongoli2 & ! ,boloki spirits aft] soj\rn+ = a "t 9 ! ne!r regions leave t place & w&] ab\t ! riv]s & creeks1 do+ all ! h>m !y c to ! liv+ by flood+ _! villages & keep+ ! fi% f ent]+ ! nets & traps4 ,! spirits ( ! ,bomuna p1 & ( ! bu%-p g5]ally1 are suppos$ to roam ab\t ! =e/s1 turn+ ! animals f ! traps & nets set to sn>e !m1 n to save !m f dea?1 b to %[ _! hatr$ ( ! folk liv+ 9 ! t[ns4 ,are ^! disembodi$ spirits turn$ out ( ! _s-l& z a puni%m5t8 ,natives believe t ! spirits ( bad m5 are puni%$ 9 ! ne!r region--by bad !y mean a disagreeable1 unsociable1 disoblig+1 gre$y1 rude1 disc\rte\s p]son4 ,! gho/ ( su* a "o w return to tr\ble 8 :ilom neighb\rs1 & x is aga9/ 8 disagreeable qualities z a man t !y h to gu>d n[ t he is a _s4 ,!re are _m /ories ab\t ! do+s ( ! disembodi$ spirits--_! tricks & _! mode ( rev5ge--:i* w be relat$ 9 subsequ5t *apt]s4 ,! =ego+ p>agraphs give1 ,i tru/1 a cle> /atem5t ( ! natives' ideas ( ! ,supreme ,be+ & _! views ( exi/5ce aft] dea?1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to collect _! ?\ghts & beliefs dur+ a long & intimate int]c\rse ) ! p4 ,we n[ come to a l>g] subject--l>g] because x holds a m important place 9 ! life & ?\ght ( ! native--,i ref] to feti%ism4 ,if feti%ism is a =m ( religion1 !n ! ,boloki p1 l all o!r tribes on ! ,congo1 are a v religi\s folk4 ,9 ob$i5ce to feti% taboo & cu/om !y exhibit a devotion & p]si/5cy wor?y ( a bett] cause2 9 subjection to ! dem&s ( _! wit*-doctors !y cut !mselves1 d5y !mselves _m k9ds ( pleasant food1 & pay heavy fees1 ev5 to ! impov]i%m5t ( !mselves & families4 ,b all ?is is done ?r\gh _! abject fe> ( ! v>i\s malignant spirits :o1 s _! m$ic9e m5 in=m !m1 h p[] ov] !m = ! "t be+4 ,x may be "o _s to-day & an entirely diff]5t "o next mon?1 accord+ to ! sickness1 mis=tune1 or p>ticul> k9d ( bad luck f :i* ! man is suff]+2 or a man may = tw5ty ye>s possess good heal? & good =tune1 & consequ5tly he w ne$ nei!r ! m$ic9e man nor 8 rites & c]emonies2 or x may be t a man ?9ks 8prev5tion is bett] ?an cure10 & 9 su* a case he w fee ! m$ic9e m5 to appease on 8 behalf su* evil spirits ov] :om !y pr(ess to ex]cise control1 or to prep>e = him c]ta9 *>ms to de/roy _! wick$ designs4 ,no s+le wit*-doctor pret5ds to control all ! evil spirits1 or conf] immunity f all diseases1 or remove all mis=tunes1 or imp>t e k9d ( good luck4 ,h5ce on ! ,l[] ,congo !re are ab\t fifty diff]5t k9ds ( m$ic9e m51#cb & among ! ,boloki "s eighte5 v>ieties ( !m1 ea* supreme 9 8 own p>ticul> bran*4 ,! ord] is n conf9$ to m5 only1 = _m wom5 are to be f\nd 9 its ranks4 ,"s m$ic9e m5 are suppos$ to be /rong] ?an o!rs1 &1 controll+ m p[]ful spirits1 !y ei!r av]t great] evils or conf] l>g] b5efits1 & consequ5tly receive m respect & ri*] fees = _! s]vices4 ,footnote #cb3 ,see ,folk-,lore = ,dec4 #ca/1 #aiaj1 p4 #ddg1 = a complete li/ ( ,l[] ,congo m$ic9e m5 & _! v>i\s functions writt5 by ! au?or4 ,x is a misrepres5tation to depict ! ,congo native z 8b[+ d[n to wood & /one40 ,he nev] wor%ips 8 feti%es2 he exhorts !m to d 8 bidd+2 he comm&s !m to d t = :i* !y 7 made1 & he is n backw>d 9 ar\s+ !m to al]tness by :i/les & explosions ( gunp[d]1 or to activity by :ack+ !m ) a /ick4 ,no native ( any tribe ,i h met ev] assign$ creative p[]s to 8 feti%es1 or respect$ !m z ! repres5tatives ( a deity4 ,! feti%es 7 made ye/]day at 8 bidd+ & exp5se by ! wit*-doctor1 & to-morr[1 if !y fail 9 _! purpose1 !y w be consign$ to ! rubbi% heap1 or left neglect$ on "s %elf 9 8 h\se4 ,! native lives & moves1 s he believes1 surr\nd$ by evil spirits :i*1 on acc\nt ( _! own malignant natures or at ! in/igation ( 8 enemies1 are con/antly try+ to "w him h>m1 & ! only means kn[n to him ( c\nt]act+ ! evil1 or ( appeas+ ! malignant p[]1 is ! m$ic9e man ) 8 p[]ful feti%es1 *>ms1 & c]emonies4 ,!re are two phrases t conta9 ! :ole !ory & practice ( ! ,congo m$ic9e man's black & :ite magic4 ,by ! black magic he pr(esses to incite an evil _s by means ( a feti% to inflict a sickness or "s o!r mis=tune on an enemy2 & by :ite magic1 to appease ! evil _s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! feti%1 s t ! sickness or bad luck %all be remov$ f "o's self or "o's family & fri5ds4 ,! same m$ic9e man uses ! same feti% to curse a man ) disease1 or to cure ! man s curs$1 h5ce he (t5 draws fees f bo? p>ties4 ,to curse a p]son by ! aid ( a feti% is call$ loka e nkisi4 ,! feti% is beat5 ) a /ick1 in=m$ :at x is to d1 & !n hung up outside ! invok]'s h\se1 & ! _s ( ! feti% flies (f to obey its ord]s4 ,?is is ! simple modus op]&i foll[$ by all ! wit*-doctors on ! ,l[] ,congo1 :o invoke _! feti%es to employ _! v>i\s p[]s aga9/ ! enemies ( _! cli5ts4 ,to soo! & appease ! _s ( ! feti% s t x w remove ! curse f work+ by s conciliat+ ! feti% p[]1 or ! _s ! feti% is suppos$ to control1 t x w "w = ! m$ic9e man's cli5t & n aga9/ him1 is call$ lembola e nkisi 7 to s(t51 tame a feti%71 & ! c]emony is z v>i$ z !re are m$ic9e m51 = ea* bran* ( ! pr(ession has its own special rites to obs]ve4 ,n[ feti%es on ! ,l[] ,congo are ei!r images1 bundles1 or l>ge horns1 & ^! z a rule are own$ by ! m$ic9e m54 ,small] feti%es & *>ms are made by !m = v>i\s purposes & sold to ! natives4 ,sometimes a weal?y man w buy a p[]ful feti% & use its p[] entirely = himself2 at times a poor] man w pay a good fee to a m$ic9e man to borr[ 8 feti%1 or ! ri* man's feti% = "o or two days1 s t he may h ! entire att5tion ( ! _s x controls4 ,a ri* man w sometimes buy a p[]ful feti% z a speculation1 & make a good pr(it by hir+ x out = a fee1 & ! poor] man w pay ! fee1 hop+ to reap good results to 8 bodily heal? or to 8 prosp]ity by hav+ ! undivid$ int]e/ ( ! feti% at 8 s]vice4 ,! t]m feti% comes f ! ,portuguese ^w feitio1 & ! e>ly navigators ( ! ,we/ ,african ,coa/ 7 ,portuguese1 :o c>ri$ ) !m amulets & *>ms1 i4e4 feitios1 9 ! =m ( crosses1 beads1 images1 etc41 t _h be5 bless$ by _! prie/s4 ,& :5 ^! anci5t navigators saw ! natives we>+ %ells fill$ ) "s mixture1 or display+ on _! p]sons "s articles ) :i* !y 7 unwill+ to "p ev5 = co/ly gifts1 :at 0 m natural = !m ?an to reg>d su* objects z some?+ ak9 to _! own feitios8 ,& 8z !y discov]$ no o!r traces ( religi\s wor%ip !y conclud$ t ?is outw>d %[ ( reg>d = ^! feitios con/itut$ ! :ole ( ! negro wor%ip40#cc ,footnote #cc3 ,i am indebt$ to ,f4 ,max ,mll] = mu* 9 ?is p>agraph4 ,see ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #fa4 #ahgh4 ,! native ^w on ! ,l[] ,congo = feti% 7nkisi71 & among ! ,boloki 7bonganga71 means an image1 a horn1 a %ell1 a saucepan1 etc41 &1 9 fact1 any?+ into :i* a m$ic9e man has put a "p ( 8 8m$ic9e0 f 8 /ore bundle2 & x is n an effective feti% until x has be5 ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! m$ic9e man & receiv$ its p[] f him4 ,no "o wit*-doctor makes all ! feti%es1 b e "o has 8 own speciality1 9 ! mak+ ( :i* he is acc\nt$ an exp]t4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo ! native (f]s p]iodic sacrifices to 8 feti% to keep x 9 a good hum\r1 o!rwise ?r\gh sulk9ess x may refuse to help him2 or he returns x to a m$ic9e man to r5ew its en]gies :5 x proves too weak = 8 purpose2 he explodes gunp[d] ar\nd x to ar\se x to prop] al]tness t x may att5d to its own]'s affairs2 or he beats x to make x subs]vi5t to 8 wi%es1 b he nev] wor%ips x1 nor does he ev] pay homage to x4 ,among ! ,boloki sug>-cane w9e is p\r$ ov] ! feti% to r5d] x am5able to its own]'s wi%es1 & x is ?reat5$ if x does n act quickly on its own]'s behalf2 & :ile ! ,boloki fe>s 8 feti% 9 a way1 yet he nev] wor%ips x4 8,ab\t #ahgb "s natives ( ,lo&a came ?r\gh ! c\ntry prea*+ a crusade aga9/ feti%es ( all k9ds1 induc+ ! natives 9 t[n aft] t[n to de/roy all _! feti%es1 assur+ !m t s9ce dea? & sickness came by ! ex]cise ( ! black art1 :i* ev]yone fully believes1 if !n e feti% 7 de/roy$ & no m made !re w\ld be no m suff]+ & dea?4 ,f> & wide ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts 7 made to accompli% ! de/ruction ( all feti%es to t happy end40#cd ,9 #aiji a man ) :om ,i 0 conv]s+ told me t he z a *ild 0 %ak5 ov] ! fire dur+ ?is campaign to de/roy any feti%es he _h ab\t 8 p]son4 ,he well rememb]$ ?is crusade aga9/ feti%es1 & said t :5 ! p became ill & di$ z usual1 ! orig9ators ( x said3 8,x is because "s ( ! p h n de/roy$ all _! feti%es40 ,footnote #cd3 ,see ,dr4 ,b5tley's ,app5dix to ! ,diction>y & ,gramm> ( ! ,congo ,language1 #ahie1 on p4 #hdi1 "u ! ^w ,kiyoka4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo e wit*-doctor has a bundle ( m$ic9es or *>ms 7call$ ebunda dia mfula7 :i* is ! s\rce ( 8 p[] & ! spr+ f :i* he draws 8 supplies = mak+ 8 own great feti%1 & ! *>ms1 amulets1 & m9or feti%es = 8 cli5ts4 ,?is bundle is a conglom]ation ( p[d]$ *alk1 cru%$ r$ pepp]1 wood a%es1 bits ( ! sk9s ( /rong animals1 claws & beaks ( /rong birds1 heads ( snakes1 poison\s plants & beans1 v>i\s h]bs1 & any o!r mess ! m$ic9e man c collect toge!r4 ,a portion ( ?is bundle is put into ! head ( ! feti% image 7& sometimes into ! /oma*71 & becomes ! bra9s1 intellig5ce 7nk9da7 ( ! feti%4 ,:5 a m$ic9e man uses 8 feti% on behalf ( a cli5t1 he takes a little ( ! bundle & puts x into a horn or %ell & ties x r\nd 8 pati5t's neck1 tell+ him t :ile we>+ x he mu/ n eat ?is or t article ( diet1 or he mu/ n d c]ta9 ?+s4 ,9 due "t ! m$ic9e man goes to receive 8 fee1 & on receipt ( x he removes ! special *>m f ! neck ( 8 pati5t1 & at ! same "t takes (f ! taboo4 ,if ! p]son does n pay1 !n ! m$ic9e man leaves him "u ! taboo1 & p]haps adds o!rs4 ,! ,congo m$ic9e man nev] has any bad debts4 ,no native ?9ks ! feti% he uses is possess$ ( div9e p[]1 nor does x repres5t a deity to him1 & he uses no language ab\t x t w\ld lead "o to suppose t = a mom5t he 9 8 own m9d inve/s x ) div9ity4 ,:at is ! feti% to him8 ,x is some?+ 9 :i* a portion ( ! mfula bundle has be5 put :i* has imp>t$ to x its own my/]i\s p[]--to him any portion ( ! bundle conta9s ! p[] ( ! :ole4 ,:at !n is ! bundle8 ,x is compos$ ( ! sk9s ( /rong animals :i* are !reby repres5t$1 & _! comb9$ /r5g? is cons]v$ 9 x2 !re are pieces ( ! sk9s ( cunn+ animals1 & _! unit$ craft9ess & cut5ess are imp>t$ to x2 !re are portions ( /rong1 swift birds t sail on tireless w+s ?r\gh ! air1 & !y give to x _! p[] ( flight2 !re are v>i\s poison\s plants & beans t l5d _! qualities ( h>m+ ! human body :5 us$ aga9/ ! enemy ( a cli5t2 !re are b5eficial h]bs & p[d]s t are suppos$ to cure ! p]son :o uses x = 8 recov]y f a disease2 & !re is g5]ally p[d]$ *alk1 symbolical ( bra9 matt]1 t gives intellig5ce to ! :ole mass4 ,i d n ?9k ! native m9d goes f>!r back ?an ! bundle1 :i* conta9s = him repres5tations ( all ^? qualities t he fe>s & admires1 & ^: comb9$ =ces ov]awe him4 ,& %\ld he g beyond t bundle x is only to ! animals--! lion1 ! leop>d1 etc41 :om he fe>s2 ! eagle1 ! hawk1 & ! falcon :om he admires & wond]s at = _! flight ?r\gh space2 & to ^? plants & h]bs ^: my/]i\s p[]s he dreads4 ,! native supposes t ! m$ic9e m5 h "s occult me?od ( s mix+ ^! qualities & =ces toge!r 9 ! bundle t !y become active ag5ts 9 fly+ ?r\gh ! air & seek+ out ! enemies ( _! cli5ts1 or ( de/roy+ ^? :o are bewit*+ !m1 or ( cur+ ^? :o seek _! aid4 ,all ! m$ic9e m5 d n h all ! sk9s1 p[d]s1 h]bs1 etc41 9 _! *>m bundles1 b ea* procures :at he ?9ks w make ! desir$ comb9ation = 8 purpose4 ,x is q probable t ! m$ic9e m5 & ! m intellig5t natives believe t by mix+ ! sk9s1 plants1 *alk1 etc41 9 diff]5t ways !y induce diff]5t spirits to take up _! abode 9 ! v>i\s feti%es1 because !y l ! mixture prep>$ = !m1 & 9 ?us tak+ up _! resid5ce 9 !m1 or be+ influ5c$ by !m1 ! m$ic9e m5 ga9 p[] ov] !m4 ,?is view is support$ by ! foll[+ consid]ations3 ,! feti% :5 fir/ made is only a piece ( wood & c be b\ght = a few p5ce2 b aft] ! wit*-doctor has put a portion ( ! *>m bundle into x ! price = x is consid]able--f a few %ill+s to a few p\nds--accord+ to :at x is expect$ to d4 ,sacrifices are (f]$1 n to ! piece ( wood1 b to ! _s n[ dwell+ 9 x1 or ov] :i* ! *>ms 9 x h "s influ5ce4 ,^! sacrifices range f an occasional drop ( blood f a frog's foot to a goat e new moon1 ! blood ( :i* is p\r$ ov] ! feti%1 & ! fle% ( ! sacrificial goat mu/ n be sold1 b eat5 by ! sacrific] & 8 family & fri5ds--! l>g] ! b5efits expect$1 ! m co/ly & regul> ! sacrifice4 ,! sacrifices are to keep ! spirits 9 good hum\r4 ,! portion ( ! bundle put into ! feti% is aft] a "t play$ out1 becomes /ale1 & loses its p[] ( attract+ ! _s to x1 i4e4 ! feti% becomes ineffective1 s ! own] ( x takes x to a m$ic9e man to h x refre%$ by r5ew+ ! *>ms f ! bundle2 & !n if x is /ill inactive1 i4e41 if ! own]'s luck is /ill bad1 or 8 heal? cont9ues unsatisfactory1 he ?r[s ! feti% on "o side & tries ! feti% ( ano!r bran* ( ! pr(ession1 ?9k+ t ! =m]'s mixture ( +r$i5ts has no fur!r p[] to attract ! _s to 8 feti%1 or ! feti% does n influ5ce ! p>ticul> _s t is able to help him4 ,! ,boloki m$ic9e m5 h a 8bag ( tricks0 made ( v simil> +r$i5ts to ! *>m bundle1 & reg>d$ 9 mu* ! same way4 ,! only diff]5ce be+ t on ! ,l[] ,congo ! wit*-doctors l>gely use images 7call$ teke#ce7 into :i* !y put ! portions ( ! bundle1 :ile among ! ,boloki ! feti% p[] is imp>t$ to any article t comes conv5i5tly to h&4 ,dur+ fifte5 ye>s' resid5ce among ! ,boloki p ,i saw only two v crudely made images 9 use 7!y are n[ 9 ,horniman's ,museum71 & ^? ,i b\ght easily = a few brass rods1 %[+ t !y valu$ !m v lightly z receptacles = feti% p[]4 ,footnote #ce3 ,! ,kiteke p are exp]ts 9 c>v+ figures ( m5 & wom51 & _m ( ! images s frequ5tly f\nd ye>s ago on ! ,l[] ,congo receiv$ ! "n teke = t reason4 ,! ,bakongo also make _! own images1 b !y are crud] ?an ! ,kiteke ones4 ,z already /at$1 !re are ne>ly fifty diff]5t k9ds ( m$ic9e m5 on ! ,l[] ,congo1 & ab\t eighte5 among ! ,boloki4 ,x is n to be ?\ght = a mom5t t all ^! m$ic9e m5 sprang simultane\sly into exi/5ce1 or t !y are ! product ( only "o tribe2 !y are und\bt$ly ! evolution ( _m g5]ations1 & a free appropriation f neighb\r+ tribes ( feti% c]emonies1 etc41 t appeal$ to !m ?r\gh be+ made widely kn[n by "s fam\s m$ic9e man ( ! "t4 ,! ,congo native has always be5 ready to try a new feti%1 hop+ !reby to ga9 "s advantage to 8 =tune & heal?4 ,! foll[+ is probably ! rise ( _m bran*es ( ! m$ic9e man's pr(ession n[1 or rec5tly1 9 vogue3 ,a quick-witt$1 obs]vant man notic$ t a c]ta9 h]b1 or a c]ta9 mode ( proc$ure1 su* z massage or induc+ p]spiration by /eam+1 0 b5eficial to a pati5t suff]+ f a c]ta9 disease4 ,if he _h giv5 ! h]b 9 a simple way )\t any hanky-panky1 or _h done a little m$ical rubb+ )\t any c]emonies1 or _h giv5 a vap\r ba? )\t o/5tati\s & my/]i\s rites1 ! natives w\ld n h reg>d$ him z a bona fide m$ic9e man1 & he w\ld h procur$ v little bus9ess4 ,9 ord] to protect 8 discov]y & to draw pati5ts he surr\nd$ x ) ! hocus-pocus ( feti% rites & c]emonies1 & ?us />t$ a new class ( 8doctors0 t _h its day4 ,x is m ?an probable t _m m$ic9e m5 & _! feti%es h ris5 9 p[]1 h _h wide fame & mu* popul> support1 h !n fall5 into disrepute & h be5 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( new ones2 &1 if ! tru? 7 kn[n1 z _m if n m k9ds ( m$ic9e m5 h be5 =gott5 ?an are n[ rememb]$4 ,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( ! rise & fall ( "o feti% ord] 9 v rec5t ye>s3 ,a few ye>s ago a m$ic9e man appe>$ 9 ,portuguese ,congo ) a new feti% call$ nkisi a k9iambe ! div9e feti%4 ,! wit*-doctor & 8 feti% ) its high-s\nd+ "n visit$ all ! t[ns r\nd ab\t ,san ,salvador4 ,! c]emony 0 a =m ( communion prep>$ ) small slices ( cassava1 pea nuts1 & palm-w9e4 ,! recipi5t _h fir/ to pay "o /r+ ( beads = a *ild & five /r+s = an adult1 & he or %e confess$ all _! wit*craft palav]s1 i4e4 all ! evil desires !y _h 9 _! he>ts1 = ! sickness or dea? ( anyone4 ,aft] ?is confession ! m$ic9e man gave !m a piece ( cassava1 a pea nut1 & drop ( palm-w9e1 & he also gave !m a promise t !y %\ld nev] die4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! recipi5ts di$ ! wit*-doctor said x 0 because !y _h n made a full confession ( _! wit*craft4 ,he & 8 accomplices reap$ a l>ge sum ( money f ! natives' fe> ( dea? & ! promise ( immunity f x2 b ! m$ic9e man promis$ too mu*1 & consequ5tly 8 feti% 0 soon 9 disrepute & quickly neglect$4 ,:ile we f9d a dim k ( a ,supreme ,be+ among all ! ,congo tribes1 we also f9d co-ext5sive ) x an elaborate sy/em ( feti%ism1 :i* ,i w\ld def9e z ^? means employ$ by ! ,congo natives = influ5c+ ! v>i\s spirits by :i* !y believe !mselves to be surr\nd$1 ei!r to act on _! own behalf by giv+ !m good luck & good heal?1 or to act aga9/ _! enemies by s5d+ !m mis=tune1 sickness1 or dea?4 ,_! sy/em ( belief has its basis 9 _! fe> ( ^? num]\s invisible spirits--invisible to ! ord9>y man1 b n to ! m$ic9e man--:i* are con/antly try+ to compass _! sickness1 mis=tune1 & dea?2 & ! ,boloki's sole object--& ! same may be writt5 ( 8 ne> & di/ant neighb\rs on ! ,congo--is to cajole or appease1 to *eat or conqu]1 & ev5 de/roy ! tr\blesome spirits1 h5ce _! wit*-doctors ) _! feti%es1 _! rites1 & c]emonies4 ,if !re 7 no spirits to be circumv5t$ !re w\ld be no ne$ ( m$ic9e m5 z middlem51 & no ne$ ( feti%es z m$iums = gett+ into t\* ) ! spirits4 ,!ologically speak+1 ! ,congo natives are utt]ly void ( religion1 = !y nei!r wor%ip ! ,supreme ,be+ nor _! feti%es z repres5t+ a deity2 b if 8! belief 9 & a measure ( ob$i5ce to a pot5t be+ or be+s n ourselves is an e>ly m9imum ( religion10#cf !n ! ,congo folk are v religi\s1 = !y c>efully obey ! taboos put on !m by _! wit*-doctors 9 ! "n ( _! feti%es2 !y invoke ! p[] ( ! spirits by explod+ gunp[d] ar\nd _! feti%es1 & by :i/l+ to !m & beat+ !m2 !y try to appease !m by frequ5t sacrifices2 & !y h dances ab\t "s ( ! feti%es1 dur+ :i* !y call ^u !m1 or ! spirits !y influ5ce1 to protect _! fight+-m5 & de/roy _! enemies4 ,footnote #cf3 ,see ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang 9 ,folk-,lore = ,decemb]1 #aiaa1 p4 #dab4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,boloki ,,_w ,,( ,,spirits ,surr\nd$ by spirits--,! s\l leaves ! body--,dreams--,bewit*+ folk--,los+ "o's %ad[--,disembodi$ spirits or gho/s--,gho/s ent] animals--,deceiv+ ! gho/s--,spirits ( disease--,_s ( weal?--,spirits ( crocodiles--,leop>ds--,spirits ( unborn babes--,mon/]s on ! isl&s--,=e/ sprites--,cl\d-l& folk--,spirits 9 spe>s--,9 canoes--,9 trees4 ,! ,boloki folk believe !y are surr\nd$ by spirits :i* try to ?w>t !m at e twi/ & turn1 & to h>m !m e h\r ( ! day & night4 ,! riv]s & creeks are cr[d$ ) ! spirits ( _! ance/ors1 & ! =e/s & bu% are full also ( spirits1 ev] seek+ to injure ! liv+ :o are ov]tak5 by night :5 travell+ by road or canoe4 ,i nev] met among !m a man d>+ en\gh to g at night ?r\gh ! =e/ t divid$ ,monsembe f ! upp] villages1 ev5 ?\gh a l>ge rew>d 0 (f]$4 ,_! inv>iable reply 03 8,!re are too _m spirits 9 ! bu% & =e/40 ,9 ! foll[+ pages ,i %all attempt to give1 z succ9ctly z possible1 an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s spirits t tr\ble ! ,boloki _w1 _! p[]s & _! limitations4 ,! in=mation has be5 ga!r$ f v>i\s natives 9 conv]sation ar\nd _! fires1 or f talks :5 travell+ ) !m by canoe & boat2 & may be accept$ z reflect+ ! native op9ion respect+ ^? spirits by :i* !y suppose !mselves to be surr\nd$4 ,! embodi$ _s or s\l 7elimo7 is dread$ almo/ z mu* z ! o!r spirits4 ,9 dreams ! s\l visits v>i\s sc5es1 & no matt] h[ quickly ! dream] is ar\s$ ! s\l c always return 9 "t to take its place 9 ! awak5$ p]son4 ,) reg>d to dreams1 "s ( ! natives believe 9 !m1 & bad dreams are (t5 accept$ z om5s to w>n !m aga9/ go+ on j\rneys1 & fi%+ & hunt+ exp$itions t w\ld be ei!r fruitless or disa/r\s4 ,:5 a p]son fa9ts1 or becomes unconsci\s1 massage ) wat] is us$1 & on ! pati5t reviv+ x is said t ! s\l has return$4 ,! s\l travels ab\t to bewit* p1 & "s ( _! *>ms are made on purpose to de/roy su* w&]+ spirits4 ,^! wick$ s\ls travell+ ab\t ) su* s9i/] motives are reg>d$ z wit*es wor?y only ( dea?1 & "s ( _! wit*-doctors reap a ri* h>ve/ 9 try+ to kill !m4 ,a s]i\sly sick p]son fancies he sees a relative or neighb\r 9 a dream1 & at once believes t ! wit*-s\l ( 8 relative has come to ?rottle ! life out ( him1 s he pays a wit*-doctor a goodly fee to kill ! pr[l+ _s1 or protect him f its malignant assaults4 ,i notic$ t ! m\?s & no/rils ( ! rec5tly dead 7 always plugg$ & ti$1 & to my que/ions on ! subject ,i always receiv$ ! same reply3 8,! s\l ( a dy+ man escapes by 8 m\? & nose1 s we always tie !m 9 t fa%ion to keep ! _s1 z long z possible1 9 ! body40 ,! %ad[ ( a p]son1 8 reflection 9 wat]1 or 9 a look+-glass1 & m rec5tly a photograph1 is call$ by a ^w 7elil+i7 t is (t5 us$ int]*angeably ) ! ^w = s\l 7elimo74 ,!y repeat$ly in=m$ me t a 8dead p]son ca/s no %ad[10 & t !re=e he has no s\l1 h5ce to say t ,s-&-s has no %ad[ is1 ) !m1 equival5t to say+ t he has no s\l1 i4e4 t he is dead4 ,^! two words 7 frequ5tly employ$ :5 speak+ ( ! s\l1 & also ( ! %ad[ ( a p]son2 b ! ^w = s\l 7elimo7 is nev] us$ = ! %ad[ ( a tree1 h\se1 animal1 etc41 b !y speak ( a fall5 h\se or a fall5 tree z hav+ no %ad[1 i4e4 !y ca/ no %ad[s--a sign t !y are dead4 ,if = "s reason a man does n see 8 %ad[ reflect$ :5 he looks into "s wat]1 he ?9ks someone has tak5 8 _s away1 & t he w soon die4 ,ev5 if at midday he does n see 8 %ad[1 because he is /&+ on x--! sun be+ absolutely v]tical at noon s ne> ! ,equator--he w g to a wit*-doctor1 :o w make m$ic9e t he may recov] 8 %ad[ or s\l4 ,i once ask$ a *ief to sit = 8 photograph a second "t1 & he laugh+ly refus$1 on ! gr\nd t ,i _h s5t 8 s\l once to ! :ite man's c\ntry1 & he c\ld n let me h x aga94 ,& x 0 a consid]able "t be=e he cons5t$ to sit aga94 ,! mo/ tr\blesome _s1 h[ev]1 ) :i* ! native has to cont5d is ! disembodi$ _s 7mongoli74 ,directly ! s\l 7elimo7 leaves ! body x becomes a disembodi$ _s 7a mongoli71 & ?is di/9ction %\ld be c>efully borne 9 m9d4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t ! disembodi$ _s ( a good man--good accord+ to ! native code ( morals--rema9s 9 ! ne!r _w 7longa72 b t ( a bad man is puni%$ 9 ! ne!r regions & driv5 out4 ,!n if ! _s belongs to a memb] ( a bu%-tribe 7or to "o ^: family orig9ally came f ! bu%71 x w inhabit ! =e/s or bu%-l&s1 & unless prop]ly appeas$ by gifts or conqu]$ by *>ms x w turn aside animals f ! hunt+-traps & try to spoil all hunt+ op]ations4 ,if ! _s belongs to a memb] ( a riv]9e tribe1 !n1 aft] be+ turn$ out ( ! ne!r _w1 x haunts ! riv] & creeks & endeav\rs to h9d] successful fi%+4 ,h5ce x is no uncommon ?+1 :5 a village fails 9 its fi%+1 = ! inhabitants to jo9 _! brass rods toge!r to buy an old man or old woman--old & !re=e *eap--& ?r[ him 7or h]7 into ! riv] to conciliate ! wat]-spirits4 ,h5ce1 also1 all ! c>e tak5 by a fi%]man to conceal 8 "n :ile fi%+ "u ! g5]al t]m mwele1#cg le/ ! disembodi$ _s ( an enemy %\ld he> x &1 recogniz+ him1 keep all ! fi% f 8 traps & nets4 ,footnote #cg3 ,! natives c give no mean+ to ?is ^w1 & f _! use ( x to hide a "n x is some?+ l our phrase3 ,mr4 ,s-&-s4 ,sometimes ^! spirits c be he>d walk+ ?r\gh ! =e/s1 & ! noise !y make is call$ bie-bie2 & at times !y visit ! t[n & cause 8a ru/l+ 9 ! grass ro(s1 z ?\gh se>*+ = a place ?r\gh :i* to drive _! spe>s40 ,! l& & wat] are full ( ^! disembodi$ spirits1 h5ce ! timor\s folk are afraid to travel by night4 ,c]ta9 wit*-doctors c see ^! spirits1 & :5 !y are mis*iev\s !y pret5d to capture !m & secure !m 9 saucepans & calaba%es4 ,m5 may become ! m$iums by :i* ^! spirits hold communication ) ! liv+1 g5]ally to ! advantage ( ! m$ium1 z ! foll[+ incid5t w illu/rate3 ,baloli1 ! head-man ( 8 family1 di$1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! usual way4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds 8 y\ng] bro!r1 ,mangumbe1 became subject to fr5zies1 dur+ :i* 8 bro!r ,bololi spoke 8 oracles ?r\gh him4 ,mangumbe admir$ & covet$ ! wives ( a c]ta9 man 9 8 t[n & tri$ to buy !m1 & fail+ 9 t he desir$ to ex*ange o!rs = !m1 b _! husb& refus$ all (f]s4 ,"o day ,mangumbe work$ himself into a fr5zy1 & :5 he 0 suppos$ to be "u ! influ5ce ( 8 bro!r's _s he said t a c]ta9 man 7giv+ ! "n ( ! man ^: wives he covet$7 mu/ get rid ( 8 wives or !y w\ld cause 8 dea? by a s]i\s & fatal illness4 ,!n ,mangumbe w5t to a fri5d & told him to treat ) ! husb& = ! wives4 ,! husb&1 n[ ?or\ghly afraid ( 8 wives1 0 q will+ to sell !m at a *eap] price ?an ,mangumbe _h previ\sly (f]$ = !m4 ,by ?is cunn+ trick he became ! own] ( ! wom5 he want$4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,a ,,mungala ,,creek ,,village ,at ! "t ! picture 0 tak5 ! folk 7 dispirit$ by heavy taxes & _m dea?s1 h5ce ! neglect$ appe>ance ( ! h\ses4 ,meet+ ! dem&s ( ! taxes 9 food1 etc41 left !m little or no "t to look aft] _! own affairs4 ,^! taxes are bett] adju/$ n[ to ! numb] & condition ( ! p4 ,on "o occasion ,mangumbe want$ to buy my arm-*air4 ,i told him ! price z a bit ( in=mation1 z ,i _h no int5tion ( sell+ ! *air4 ,he d\bt$ my ^w4 ,i told him t ,i _h he>d t he held communication ) 8 bro!r's _s1 & if he want$ to "k ! price ( goods 9 ,engl& he _h bett] ask 8 bro!r's _s to g !re1 le>n all x c\ld1 & come back & in=m him ( ! prices ( ! v>i\s articles4 ,mangumbe %ook 8 head sadly & said3 8,8 _s _c travel s f>1 x keeps j ar\nd ?is di/rict only40 ,! p firmly believ$ t ,mangumbe held c\nsel ) 8 bro!r's _s1 & :5 he act$ z a m$ium !y 7 q will+ to accept all t he said4 ,ord9>ily he 0 little respect$ by ! p2 he 0 ( mean appe>ance & ( petty1 %abby ways1 & _h no comm& ev5 ov] 8 own p1 & yet :5 act+ z a m$ium 9 a sance he 0 fe>$1 obey$1 & 8 ^w receiv$ )\t ! slighte/ demur4 ,:5 a _s is speak+ ?r\gh a p]son1 :o is usually a memb] ( ! disembodi$ _s's family1 ! m$ium does n always talk 9 ! language ( ! pres5t day1 b 9 ! ar*aic language kn[n only to ! old p4 ,:5 ! m$ium is a y\ngi% man1 i4e4 "o n famili> ) ! anci5t language1 he !n expresses 8 oracles 9 ! ord9>y spee*1 b ) suffici5t ( ! ar*aic =ms to l5d my/]y to ! communication4 ,i h se5 ! m$ium "w himself into a fr5zy1 %\t1 tremble all ov]1 8 muscles quiv]1 8 body undulates1 p]spiration breaks out on 8 =ehead1 & foam ga!rs ab\t 8 m\?1 & 8 eyes roll2 & :5 ?or\ghly "u ! spell ( ! _s he gives utt]ance to oracles t are implicitly believ$ by ! p4 ,all ^! sances are p]=m$ 9 ! op5 & 9 broad daylight1 ! m$ium sometimes sitt+ alone 9 ! c5tre ( a cr[d2 b :5 mu* agitat$ & sway+ consid]ably1 he has "o or two ( 8 wives ne> to cat* him %\ld he fall4 ,sometimes "o ( ^! spirits takes possession ( a hippopotamus & visits ! t[ns on ! riv]-banks1 & :5 t occurs ! family to :om ! _s is suppos$ to belong puts a small saucepan ( sug>-cane w9e & a little food = its refre%m5t on its nightly visit2 & z ! food & w9e are bo? gone 9 ! morn+ 7!re are pl5ty ( dogs ab\t71 ! natives assur$ me t ! _s 9 ! animal _h p>tak5 ( !m4 ,! _s also1 at times1 ent]s a crocodile & visits a t[n2 b ! hippopotamus is ! m common =m4 ,on "o occasion a hippopotamus came (f our bea* = a few nights4 ,i c\ld only he> x1 z x 0 too d>k to see x2 b on ! *ance ( w\nd+ x fatally ,i fir$ 9 ! direction ( ! s\nd4 ,i fir$ on two successive nights1 & dur+ ! next day "s natives came & told me t t p>ticul> hippopotamus 0 possess$ by ! _s ( a memb] ( su* & su* a family1 & t ! said _s _h s5t a message to ! head ( ! family1 tell+ him t he 0 to in=m me t ,i %\ld only wa/e my bullets z x 0 impossible to kill a _s-possess$ hippopotamus1 & ask+ him to reque/ me n to fire aga91 z he 7! hippopotamus7 only want$ to visit ! t[n peaceably = 8 (f]+ ( sug>-cane w9e & food4 ,i told !m t ,i w\ld h ano!r %ot or two2 b !y assur$ me t ,i %\ld n hit x4 ,!y did n d\bt my m>ksman%ip1 z !y _h se5 me br+ d[n _m birds on ! w+1 & !y knew t ,i sc>cely ev] w5t to %oot monkeys & gu9ea-f[ls )\t br++ "o or m back ) me4 ,!y did n d\bt my skill ) ! gun1 b !y d\bt$ ! p[] ( a bullet to kill a _s-possess$ animal4 ,! hippopotamus1 h[ev]1 nev] came aga91 consequ5tly ,i _h no fur!r opportunity ( te/+ ! po9t at issue4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 le>n+ f ?is incid5t t spirits n only took possession ( hippopotami1 b c\ld ?us communicate ) _! liv+ relatives4 ,accord+ to ! native idea ^! spirits 7m+oli7 are ev]y:]e1 & are ev] ready to p\nce on any liv+ p]son1 & ei!r c>ry him away captive or inflict a disease on him1 or kill him2 consequ5tly 8 life is "o long drawn-out fe> ( :at ! spirits may next d to him2 & 8 _m wit*-doctors1 feti%es1 & c]emonies are to control1 appease1 circumv5t1 & p]haps conqu] ! spirits4 ,! _s ( a deceas$ enemy c inflict an illness on a family1 a memb] ( :i* _h wrong$ him :5 9 ! body4 ,=tunately1 ^! spirits are limit$ 9 ! area ( _! op]ations & c be deceiv$4 ,! wit*-doctor c cork !m up 9 calaba%es1 c cov] !m ) saucepans1 & :5 necess>y1 if ! fee is l>ge en\gh1 he c de/roy !m4 ,a man ,i knew well 0 sick = a long "t ) "s int]nal compla9t1 & aft] o!r means _h fail$ to cure him he 0 told by a wit*-doctor t he 0 tr\bl$ by a bad _s1 & he advis$ him to g "r out ( ! di/rict beyond ! sph]e ( its op]ations & rema9 !re until he 0 bett]4 ,! man _h no fri5ds to :om he might h safely gone1 s he left 8 h\se at dead ( night1 tak+ only two ( 8 wives ) him1 & tell+ no "o ( 8 de/9ation le/ ! _s %\ld he> x4 ,he w5t z f> z he safely c\ld f 8 own t[n & donn$ a woman's dress1 & assum+ a woman's voice he pret5d$ to be o!r ?an he 01 9 ord] to deceive ! _s %\ld x se>* = him4 ,?is also fail$ to cure him1 & 9 "t he return$ to 8 t[n1 b cont9u$ to dress & speak z a woman1 & e "t he ate or drank he fir/ scatt]$ a portion ( 8 food & dr9k beh9d him = ! _s to eat1 & eat+ be appeas$4 ,! food be/ lik$ by ^! spirits is ! he>t ( any animal1 b x mu/ be boil$1 m9c$1 & mix$ ) cassava4 ,! wit*-doctor c see ! disembodi$ spirits1 & ^? p]sons :o h ! occult p[] 7call$ likundu7 c also see !m4 ,! natives tell me t ^! spirits are l p 9 appe>ance--!y come into view1 pass1 & are lo/ to sight l ord9>y be+s4 ,!y h quiet voices1 & eat monkey pepp]s 7amomum71 & dr9k sug>-cane w9e2 b if ! /ems ( ! monkey pepp] are put across a pa? ! spirits _c pass ov] !m4 ,x is a curi\s belief t ^! spirits may eat ! fruit ( ! monkey pepp]1 & yet _c /ep ov] ! /alks ( ! same plant4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo r$ pepp]s are us$ = ! same purpose ( block+ a road to spirits2 & 9 anci5t ,brita9 ! r$ holly b]ries 7 us$ = keep+ evil spirits out ( ! huts & h\ses ( ^? :o fe>$ !m4 ,!re are indications t ! sight ( ! _s is v defective1 b its he>+ is v ke51 consequ5tly a man's "n is nev] m5tion$ :ile he is fi%+1 = fe> ! spirits w he> & turn ! fi% f 8 traps4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t if ! spirits c see & recognize a fi% !y c\ld also recognize a fi%]man2 b !re are _m gaps 9 native logic4 ,z ! _s ( a bu%-man is suppos$ to w&] 9 ! bu% aft] leav+ ! ne!r _w1 any human (f]+ made to appease x is buri$ on ! edge ( ! =e/2 b an (f]+ to ! _s ( a riv]9e man is ?r[n into ! wat]4 ,^! (f]+s are made ) ! object ( ga9+ ! good-w ( a fa!r or gr&fa!r2 b !re is no ance/ral wor%ip1 z beyond ! f\r? g5]ation ! ance/ors are =gott51 or are reg>d$ z be+ ineffective 9 _! ang]4 ,!re is no regul>ity 9 ^! (f]+s1 b !y are made :5 o!r means h fail$ to av]t a calamity1 su* z ! flood+ ( a riv]1 or to ensure a positive good1 su* z a l>ge cat* ( fi%4 ,a homicide is n afraid ( ! _s ( ! man he has kill$ :5 ! sla9 man belongs to any ( ! neighb\r+ t[ns1 z disembodi$ spirits travel 9 a v limit$ area only2 b :5 he kills a man belong+ to 8 own t[n he is fill$ ) fe> le/ ! _s %all d him "s h>m4 ,!re are no special rites t he c obs]ve to free himself f ^! fe>s1 b he m\rns = ! sla9 man z ?\gh he 7 a memb] ( 8 own family4 ,he neglects 8 p]sonal appe>ance1 %aves 8 head1 fa/s = a c]ta9 p]iod1 & lam5ts ) mu* weep+4 ,abnormal ev5ts are (t5 plac$ to ! cr$it ( ! _s ( a man rec5tly deceas$4 ,a few h\rs aft] ! dea? ( a "y man :om ,i knew a furi\s /orm broke on ! t[n1 bl[+ d[n planta9 trees & work+ great havoc 9 ! f>ms4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 all s]i\sness by ! folk t ! /orm _h be5 s5t by ,mopembe1 ! lad's "n4 ,we _h = d9n] "o day ! %\ld] ( an antelope1 ! hi/ory ( :i* w fur!r illu/rate ! above /atem5t3 ,?ree days be=e we _h t piece ( antelope on our table1 ,mumbamba1 an old head-man1 di$4 ,aft] 8 dea? 8 relatives came f v>i\s t[ns to m\rn at 8 grave4 ,on ! morn+ ( our antelope d9n] ?ree canoes ( m5 & wom5 7 com+ up-riv]1 ) ! object ( express+ _! grief at ! grave1 :5 !y happ5$ ^u a l>ge antelope caught 9 ! grass ( an islet t _h lodg$ aga9/ a fall5 tree 9 ! riv]4 ,! m\rn]s kill$ ! antelope1 dragg$ x into ! canoe1 & gave ,mumbamba ! cr$it ( s5d+ !m an antelope to eat z an expression ( 8 fav\r2 ?us spirits c s5d good z well z evil ^u ^? :o are left on ! e>?4 ,we f9d1 !n1 among ! ,boloki ?ree words = s\l1 _s1 & gho/4 ,! fir/1 elimo1 is ! embodi$ s\l t is able to leave ! body dur+ sleep1 x visits p & places 9 dreams1 travels ab\t1 & p]=ms actions1 z ?rottl+ an enemy4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 is ! only ^w !y h = s\l4 ,!re is !n ! elil+i1 a %ad[1 %ade1 reflection t a dead man1 or dead ?+1 does n possess1 & a liv+ man c lose & h re/or$ by a wit*-doctor1 & ?is ^w is also us$ 9 a re/rict$ s5se z be+ synonym\s ) elimo4 ,&1 la/ly1 !re is mongoli1 a disembodi$ s\l1 a _s1 a gho/ ( ! bu%1 =e/1 & wat] t s5ds evil & good ^u ! liv+--m (t5 evil ?an good--:i* x is necess>y to appease ) (f]+s ( food1 ( trade goods1 & ( human be+s4 ,! natives are subject to v>i\s s]i\s sicknesses :i* !y ?9k are caus$ by spirits1 & ea* sickness has its own _s 7or bwete1 plural1 mte71 h5ce ! native names#ch = debility1 anmia1 rheumatism1 sciatica1 ague fev]s1 & sleep+-sickness are n only ! names ( diseases1 b really d5ote ! names ( ^? spirits responsible = s5d+ !m4 ,!y _c tell me f :5ce ^! spirits emanate1 b ! only means ( lur+ !m out ( ! body ( ! pati5t is to set up = "s ( !m specially prep>$ po/s1 = o!rs a saucepan ( small /icks1 & aga9 = o!rs a saucepan ( m$ic9e wat]4 ,footnote #ch3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #e1 p4 #cde1 = ! native names ( ! diseases4 ,= debility1 rheumatism1 sciatica1 & ague !y erect a po/ 7call$ etoli7 ab\t #d feet long1 peel$ ( its b>k1 %ap$ to a po9t at "o end1 & daub$ ) yell[ pigm5t2 ?is is m>k$ ) r$ & blue spots1 & /uck upright 9 ! gr\nd ) ab\t #b feet #f in*es %[+4 ,= ! _s ( sleep+-sickness !y prep>e a saucepan 9 :i* !y put small /icks1 & ! :ole is decorat$ ) yell[1 r$1 & blue spots & /ripes4 ,= ! _s ( ano!r =m ( sleep+-sickness a saucepan ( bu%-wat] is prep>$1 & ! pot ornam5t$ ) v>i\s col\rs4 ,! saucepan ( /icks is call$ muntoka1 & t ( ! bu%-wat] is call$ eboko4 ,! latt] is brok51 z describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 by a badly treat$ slave1 or an ill-us$ wife1 to obta9 r$ress = 8 or h] wrongs4 ,^! decorat$ feti% po/s & saucepans (t5 h little %elt]s built ov] !m :i* are col\r$ ) v>i\s pa9ts1 & e "t ! own] takes a meal he ?r[s "s ( 8 food on ! ro( ( 8 h\se = ! spirits to eat4 ,f "t to "t he p\rs sug>-cane w9e ov] ! po/s1 or into ! saucepans4 ,!re is no ance/ral wor%ip 9 ?is1 b an appeas+ ( ! spirits ( ! diseases4 ,n to make ^! (f]+s is to invite a return ( ! _s or spirits to ! body ( ! own]1 i4e4 to h a relapse4 ,i h kn[n a man to h f\r ( ^! po/s & saucepans4 ,?is indicat$ t he _h _h sev]al compla9ts1 or _h _h 8 "o & only compla9t wrongly diagnos$4 ,p]sons :o h nev] suff]$ f ^! s]i\s illnesses1 & !y are num]\s1 nev] tr\ble to prep>e ei!r a saucepan or a po/4 ,:5 !re is mu* sickness 9 a family1 n conf9$ to "o or two memb]s only1 b a k9d ( family epidemic1 x is said to be caus$ by a _s 7nam$ mweta7 left1 or s5t1 by a deceas$ relative z a puni%m5t = fail+ to obs]ve "s feti% taboo1 or = n hav+ %[n due respect = ! deceas$ :5 he 0 buri$ by hav+ a prop] c]emony1 or = n keep+ 8 memory alive by occasional mimic fights on l& or wat]1 or by ! gifts ( brass rods & slaves4 ,sometimes ! family is consci\s t !y h prop]ly obs]v$ all ^! ?+s1 & !n !y "k t _! deceas$ relative has s5t ! _s ( family sickness malici\sly1 or ?r\gh jeal\sy ( _! app>5t prosp]ity4 ,^! spirits1 :5 !y are tr\bl+ a family1 c be driv5 into animals by ! wit*-doctor & kill$ by him2 & z a pro( ( 8 pr[ess he w exhibit a ble$+ head1 & assure ! family t !y ne$ no long] worry z he has kill$ ! animal :i* 0 possess$ by ! _s1 & x is !re=e puni%$1 kill$1 & w n bo!r !m aga94 ,sometimes ! wit*-doctor w drive ! _s into a saucepan1 or calaba%1 & ei!r kill x or imprison x4 ,! ,boloki man1 l folk ( o!r climes & col\r1 is n av]se to weal?1 s he has 8 _s = giv+ weal? 7call$ ejo74 ,n[ a man :o desires to become ri* pays a l>ge fee to a c]ta9 k9d ( wit*-doctor1 :o !n uses 8 influ5ce ) ! _s on behalf ( 8 cli5t1 :o mu/ 9 all future ga9s set ap>t a portion = x2 b %\ld he fail to d s1 ! _s has p[] to puni% him4 ,! goods are giv5 to ! wit*-doctor to pass on to ! _s4 ,?is _s c assume any %ape x pleases1 & entice a p]son d[n to ! riv]1 :]e x returns sudd5ly to its prop] =m & jumps into ! riv] ) ! entic$ p]son4 ,?is p]son is !n ei!r kill$ by ! _s1 or held at ransom = a slave or 8 equival5t4 ,h[ ! ransom is paid no "o c\ld tell me1 al?\gh ,i put ! "q to v>i\s natives at diff]5t times4 ,! p]son ?us entic$ is he :o has n paid 8 prop] dues to ! _s4 ,:5 a p]son has receiv$ ! m$ic9e or *>m ( ?is _s1 & has become weal?y by its luck-giv+ p[]1 he takes ! nail-p>+s & hair-cutt+s#ci ( a woman & makes m$ic9e ) !m2 ! woman !n quickly dies1 & h] _s goes to ! weal?-giv+ _s z an (f]+ = its help4 ,he is said to pass h] on z a gift to ! _s ( weal?4 ,if a man is sav$1 :5 a canoe is swamp$ & 8 companions are all dr[n$1 he is reg>d$ z hav+ giv5 !m to ! _s 7ejo7 to save 8 own life4 ,%\ld a man be successful 9 fi%+ or trad+ )\t any app>5t reason1 & %ortly aft] 8 success 8 wife falls ill & dies1 he is said to h giv5 8 wife to ?is _s z an ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 increas$ weal?4 ,! ordeal is (t5 adm9i/]$ to prove or disprove ^! accusations2 b m>vell\s /ories are told ab\t ! weal?-giv+ p[] ( ?is _s1 & z only ri* m5 c af=d to pay ! fee to ! wit*-doctor 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! fact ( _! weal? fo/]s ! sup]/ition4 ,footnote #ci3 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y a p]son always hides 81 or h]1 nail-p>+s & hair-cutt+s1 z 8p[]ful m$ic9e0 c be made ) !m to ! disadvantage ( ! own]4 ,t "s m5 are /rong] ?an o!rs 9 wre/l+1 & able to ov]come ^? :o try to hold !m1 is well recogniz$ by ! natives1 b in/ead ( its be+ an indication ( great] /r5g? & fitness x is plac$ to ! cr$it ( a _s 7call$ emb&a74 ,:5 ?is _s takes possession ( a man x enables him to ?r[ 8 enemy2 x /r5g!ns ! legs ( its possessor1 & weak5s by pa9 ! legs ( its own]'s oppon5t4 ,he :o possesses ?is _s is always successful 9 captur+ "o or m prison]s 9 a fight1 & c cause ! dea? ( _m memb]s ( any family he hates4 ,! ^w j&o /&s = ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! animal to :i* x is prefix$1 i4e4 a man successful 9 fi%+ is said to h ! peculi>ities ( a crocodile1 = ?is creature is reg>d$ z be+ quick 9 cat*+ fi%2 & a p]son swift & cunn+ 9 fight & flight has ! qualities ( a leop>d4 ,^! qualities or spirits are n ga9$ by eat+ ei!r ( ^! creatures1 b are procur$1 = a few1 f ! wit*-doctor by "s occult int]c\rse ) ! crocodile & leop>d4 ,x is also affirm$ by ! natives t a p]son c become s possess$ by ! _s 7j&o7 ( a crocodile or ( a leop>d t he w let himself loose occasionally on 8 neighb\rs1 & ?us prey+ 9 _s on !m _m w die4 ,"o ( ! functions ( ! disembodi$ spirits is to supply c]ta9 places 9 ! =e/s1 or trees1 or creeks ) ! spirits t are to ent] unborn *ildr54 ,^! spirits ( unborn *ildr5 7call$ b+bongbo7 c make boys & girls ?9 & weak1 b are to be appeas$ by ! prop] k9d ( m$ic9e man prep>+ a suitable fea/ = !m4 ,^! spirits are suppos$ to cr[d ! pools 9 ! =e/s1 ! %all[ ponds on ! isl&s1 ! _m creeks ( ! riv]1 & ev5 to p ! great bombax trees to be f\nd "h & !re along ! riv]'s bank4 ,e family has its own special pres]ves 7call$ liboma7 :]e ! spirits are wait+ = bodies 9 :i* to appe> z babies4 ,next to ! spirits 9 ! t]ror !y cause to ! natives is a my?ical mon/] 7eng55ge7 inhabit+ ! isl&s4 ,he is repres5t$ z hav+ _m heads & no body1 & is greatly dread$ by ^? :o h to camp on ! isl&s dur+ fi%+ & travell+2 & ! natives tell _m /ories ( visits !y h receiv$ f him4 ,next to ?is _m-head$ mon/] is a my?ical p]son or _s 7nam$ ny&embe7 :o is m5tion$ 9 ! folk-lore /ories z hav+ caus$ ! dea? ( ,libanza's fa!r1 b 0 ev5tually kill$ by him z a puni%m5t4 ,he is ?\ght by ! natives to h be5 v /rong & ri*2 b be+ dead he is no long] fe>$4 ,!re is a race ( folk :o live some:]e above1 z ! ^w indicates 7ba p1 & likolo above71 b up-riv] & all ! c\ntry ea/ ( !m is also call$ likolo2 & x is mo/ probable t ! ^w likolo 9 ! above phrase _h orig9ally t mean+1 b z ! natives pu%$ _! j\rneys high] & high] up ! riv] & he>d ( peoples l !mselves /ill high] up1 !y remov$ ! balikolo f a locality beyond _! di/rict to a place above !m 9 ! sky4 ,^! ,cl\d-folk are said to h tails1 & are v fond ( ripe planta9s1 & 9 ! folk-lore /ories !y desc5d on ! banana f>ms solely to eat & c>ry (f ! ripe fruit4 ,!re is a leg5d t ! ,boloki p b\ght _! fir/ fire#dj f ! ,cl\d-folk 9 ex*ange = a "y woman4 ,previ\sly to t 8we cook$ our food 9 ! sun1 or ate x q raw40 ,^! ,cl\d-l& folk are n reg>d$ z spirits1 b ! natives always speak ( !m z a great nuisance1 & z some?+ uncanny & 9 possession ( sup]natural p[]4 ,footnote #dj3 ,see also ! folk-lore /ory1 8,! puni%m5t ( ! inquisitive man10 page #bje4 ,!re is a class ( sup]natural be+s t inhabits ! =e/ & bu% 7nam$ baijamba p ( ! bu%74 ,!y are (t5 appeal$ to 9 ! folk /ories to decide :at a p]son %\ld or %\ld n eat2 & also to judge on a po9t ( etiquette or cu/om4 ,!y are n look$ ^u ) mu* dread1 & no "o speaks ( !m z hav+ done any h>m to ! folk :o visit ! =e/s4 ,!y seem to be fri5dly spirits1 or sprites1 t are always at h& :5 want$1 & !y j z readily give _! v]dict 9 fav\r ( a mean trick z support a ruse to outwit ! meanness4 ,:5 a man is "u ! sway ( ! disembodi$ _s he takes 8 spe> &1 ty+ "s dri$ planta9 leaves to x1 he holds x be=e him ) 8 left h&2 & z he trembles ) ! excitem5t ( ! spirits 9 him ! spe> %akes & ru/les ! leaves until ! spirits g out ( him into ! spe>1 & x !n becomes a feti% spe> & 8 luck is b\nd up 9 x4 ,?is spe>1 h5ce=?1 may n be t\*$ by anyone b himself1 & x is c>efully gu>d$ by its own]1 = to lose x is to fail 9 all 8 und]tak+s4 ,^! spirits are pass$ into hunt+-spe>s1 fight+-spe>s1 & fi%-spe>s1 & al?\gh !y are especially effectual 9 _! own p>ticul> l9e1 !y also h a g5]al influ5ce on ! man's luck4 ,x is also ass]t$ t a ri* man :o has ! _s ( weal? 7ejo7 passes t _s into 8 canoe1 & ?is enables him to make successful trad+ exp$itions & o!r j\rneys to 8 own advantage4 ,i f\nd only "o tree t is suppos$ to h a _s1 & t is ! tree us$ = ordeal purposes4 ,:5 a p]son wants to take ! rootlets ( ! ordeal tree 7nka71 he fir/ selects ! tree1 !n spreads a leaf on ! clos$ fi/ ( 8 left h&1 & /rikes x ) ! palm ( 8 "r h&4 ,if ! leaves on ! tree tremble 9 response1 he kn[s ! tree is /rong & fit to use2 b if !y rema9 quiesc5t1 x is a sign t ! ordeal prop]ty 7nka7 is weak & unfit = its purpose1 s ano!r tree is s\ght1 until he f9ds "o t responds 9 sympa?y to ! /rik+ ( ! leaf4 ,! life ( ! native1 surr\nd$ z he is by all ^! v>i\s spirits1 w\ld be intol]able1 un?9kably s1 7 x n = 8 _m wit*-doctors1 :o h p[] to control ! spirits1 & ev5 kill !m1 & 8 _m *>ms t protect him f _! _m malignant designs1 or enli/ _! p[] on behalf ( ! we>]s & us]s ( !m4 ,:i* came fir/--a belief 9 ! spirits1 or ! wit*-doctors to circumv5t !m8 ,i am dispos$ to ?9k t ! wit*-doctors are l>gely responsible = ! creation ( ^! v>i\s spirits to acc\nt = _! num]\s failures 9 w>d+ (f sickness & dea?4 ,) ^! wit*-doctors1 h[ev]1 we mu/ deal 9 ano!r *apt]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,m$ic9e ,,m5 ,,& ,,_! ,,magic ,numb] ( m$ic9e m5--,h[ to become a wit*-doctor--,mayeya & 8 long dive--,makwata & 8 talk+ spe>--,a simple trick--,female wit*-doctors--,?ree k9ds ( wit*craft--,discr$it$ wit*-doctors--,fe> ( ! wit*-doctors4 ,!re is n s great a v>iety ( m$ic9e m5 7nganga7#da among ! ,boloki z among ! ,bakongo ( ! ,l[] ,congo1 nor is ! modus op]&i ( bewit*+ p & ( remov+ ! wit*craft s well def9$4 ,among ! ,boloki ! m$ic9e man is mu* 9 evid5ce1 b he is n reg>d$ ) mu* awe or respect4 ,! (fice is h]$it>y1 & x is difficult = a p]son to become a m$ic9e man :o has n already a ne> relative 9 ! pr(ession4 ,! old m$ic9e man tea*es 8 son ! tricks ( 8 trade free ( all *>ges2 & :5 a novice is consid]$ effici5t he und]goes ! foll[+ te/3 ,some?+ is hidd5 & he has to f9d x1 & hav+ discov]$ ! secret$ article he mu/ !n p]=m a magic c]emony1 su* z kill+ an animal possess$ by a _s--a trick he has easily le>n$ f 8 fa!r1 & aft] t he blossoms out z a fully qualifi$ m$ic9e man4 ,footnote #da3 ,nganga means m$ic9e man1 wit*-doctor1 doctor1 wiz>d1 soo?say]1 sorc]]1 magician1 etc4 ,if a p]son 9 ^: family !re has be5 a m$ic9e man desires to jo9 ! pr(ession he goes to an old wit*-doctor1 & on pay+ a heavy fee he is taught z ?\gh he 7 a son1 b he mu/ pass ! usual te/s z above2 if1 h[ev]1 a p]son 9 ^: family !re has nev] be5 a m$ic9e man wi%es to jo9 ! pr(ession1 he is det]r$ f s do+ by be+ told t he mu/ fir/ kill all ! memb]s ( 8 family by wit*craft1 z (f]+s to t _s 7mweta7 ( ! p>ticul> bran* he desires to jo94 ,?is results 9 ! man refus+ to become a wit*-doctor1 & ev5 if he 7 s call\s z to /ill wi% x1 8 family w\ld n all[ him to proce$1 z !y believe !y w\ld fall victims to 8 wit*craft4 ,?us ! secrets ( ! pr(ession are reta9$ 9 a v few families4 ,/ill1 ,i h kn[n a slave belong+ to a ,boloki man become a great m$ic9e man by pret5d+ to p]=m a wond]ful feat1 :i* 0 z foll[s3 ,mayeya1 = t 0 ! man's "n1 w5t "o day ) a lad 9 a canoe across ! riv]4 ,by & by ! lad return$ )\t ,mayeya1 & on be+ ask$ :]e he 01 ! lad repli$3 8,mayeya fell f ! canoe into ! riv]1 & s9ce !n ,i h n se5 him40 ,sev5 days aft] ?is ,mayeya walk$ up f ! riv] into ! t[n dress$ 9 8 be/ clo?1 etc4 ,! p ga!r$ ar\nd him ask+ him :]e he _h be51 & he solemnly in=m$ !m t he _h be5 "u ! riv] = ! :ole ( ! sev5 days1 consult+ ) ! wat]-spirits1 & t n[ he 0 a wit*-doctor4 ,! p believ$ 9 him1 & flock$ to him ) cases f all ! neighb\r+ villages1 t[ns1 & di/ricts1 & by 8 _m & l>ge fees he became s weal?y t he 0 able to pay t5 m5 & two wom5--"o woman is equal 9 price to f\r m5--= 8 ransom1 & !n became a slave-own] himself & a man ( weal?4 ,"o day ,i he>d ,mayeya boa/+ outside my h\se ( ! sev5 days he _h sp5t "u ! wat] 9 company ) ! wat]-spirits2 s go+ to him ,i said3 8,mayeya1 ,i he> y h liv$ "u ! riv] = sev5 days40 8,yes10 he said1 8,i h40 8,well10 ,i repli$1 8,i w give y five ?\s& brass rods0--! curr5cy ( t di/rict--8if y w rema9 "u ! wat] "h 9 front ( my h\se :ile ,i c\nt !m40 ,he answ]$3 8,i _c d x j n[1 b ,i w return on ano!r day & d x = y40 ,:5ev] ,i met ,mayeya aft] t ,i always rem9d$ him ( 8 promise to /op "u ! riv] :ile ,i c\nt$ ! rods4 ,! p at la/ us$ to urge him to accept my *all5ge & (f] ( #ejjj brass rods4 ,!y argu$ ) him1 say+3 8,y h rema9$ "u ! wat] = sev5 days1 surely y c /ay "u x :ile ! :ite man c\nts five ?\s&1 = y "k he c\nts v quickly4 ,g & get y\r five ?\s& rods1 & !n y w be able to buy two m wives40 ,mayeya1 h[ev]1 put !m (f ) fir/ "o excuse & !n ano!r1 until at la/ !y *aff$ him ab\t x1 laugh$ at him1 & express$ ! d\bt z to :e!r he _h /ay$ "u ! wat] half a day1 mu* less sev5 :ole days & nights4 ,z he /ill cont9u$ to make excuses ! natives lo/ fai? 9 him1 8 practice fell (f1 & ! la/ ,i saw ( ,mayeya 0 8 com+ to borr[ ( me #ajj brass rods1 = he 0 9 difficulties4 ,to 8 reque/ ,i repli$3 8,no1 y h *eat$ _m p out ( _! money1 & done to dea? _m a p]son by y\r false accusations ( wit*craft2 ,i w n l5d y a s+le brass rod1 b !re are five ?\s& wait+ = y if y w only rema9 "u ! wat] :ile ,i c\nt !m40 ,i 0 seat$ "o day among "s natives :5 !y began to talk ( ! wond]ful ?+s ,makwata 7:o 0 pres5t7 c\ld d 9 mak+ 8 spe> %ake & talk4 ,n[ ,i nev] laugh$ at ! pret5sions ( ! natives1 no matt] h[ absurd !y might be1 nor did ,i ridicule _! views1 ?\ghts1 & expressions4 ,p]haps t 0 ! reason :y !y spoke s frankly to me1 & tri$ to expla9 _! ideas ab\t ?+s 9 g5]al4 ,i always dealt ) !m s]i\sly & sympa!tically4 ,i turn$ to ,makwata & ask$ him :e!r he c\ld d ! wond]ful ?+s 8 companions 7 talk+ ab\t or n4 ,he v emphatically ass]t$ t he c\ld 8make 8 spe> %ake & talk40 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,a ,,lib9za ,,*>m ,,= ,,protect+ ,a ,,village ,spirits caus+ sickness h be5 driv5 out ( ! pati5ts into ?is hut1 :]e food is ?r[n to !m4 ,! /icks =m+ ! walls are dy$ r$1 & ornam5t$ ) yell[ spots4 ,! elegance ( ! hut & ! daily spr9kl+ ( food help to make ! spirits cont5t$ ) ! place4 8,i suppose10 ,i said1 8y w /& ne> ! spe>1 or put ! spe> 9 a lot ( grass40 8,no10 he repli$1 8,i w /ick my spe> on ! bank by ! riv]1 & ,i w sit "h40 8,v good10 ,i answ]$2 8,i w give y five hundr$ rods if y d x40 8,i c d x 9 my t[n10 he ass]t$1 8b n "h40 8,all "r10 ,i said2 8,i am com+ to visit y\r t[n next ,sunday1 & w br+ ! rods ) me40 ,b :5 ,i w5t to ! t[n at ! appo9t$ "t1 ,makwata 0 n !re2 he _h1 h[ev]1 left me a message to say t he w\ld br+ 8 spe> up to ,monsembe & d ! wond]ful p]=mance !re4 ,sev]al weeks pass$ away1 & :ile talk+ to "s natives on ! v]&ah ( my h\se ,i saw ,makwata pass1 s ,i call$ to him & ask$ if he _h br\ght 8 talk+ spe>1 = ! #ejj rods 7 ready4 8,no10 he repli$1 8,i h n br\ght my spe>40 ,turn+ to my native companions ,i said3 8,y\r wit*-doctors w nev] d _! tricks be=e me1 al?\gh ,i (f] !m _m brass rods2 b my wife & ,i w d a trick be=e y )\t paym5t4 ,i w put ?ree articles on ! v]&ah1 my wife %all g into h] b$room1 & :5 %e comes out %e w tell y :i* article y t\*$40 8,oh1 no60 !y said 9 *orus2 8%e is n able to d t40 ,! articles 7 arrang$ 9 a l9e1 my wife w5t to h] room1 "o ( ! ?+s 0 t\*$1 & %e came & po9t$ out :i* !y _h t\*$4 8,let h] d x aga910 !y reque/$4 ,x 0 done aga9 & aga91 until "o "y man ?\ght he _h fa?om$ ! trick1 & he1 ) mu* excitem5t1 said3 8,mama looks ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,let someone g into ! room ) h]40 8,c]ta9ly10 ,i at once acc$$ to _! reque/1 & two native wom5 accompani$ my wife1 & on _! return ! natives ask$3 8,did ,mama look ?r\gh ! w9d[80 8,oh1 no10 ! wom5 repli$2 8%e w5t "r to ! o!r side ( ! room40 ,my fri5ds 7 nonpluss$4 ,!y c\ld n see ?r\gh ! trick1 & _m came 9 ones & twos aft]w>ds & ask$ me h[ _m f[ls or goats did ,i want to tea* !m ! trick4 ,!y nev] aga9 boa/$ 9 my pres5ce ( :at _! wit*-doctors c\ld d4 ,!re are "s quasi 8doctors40 ,m5 & wom5 :o h recov]$ f a s]i\s compla9t set up to cure t p>ticul> sickness4 ,!y use massage ) hot or cold wat]1 or no wat] at all1 & simple h]bs1 & !re is no d\bt t !y d a consid]able am\nt ( good4 ,!re are female wit*-doctors :o p]=m ! same rites z ! male ones1 su* z ! wit*-doctors :o conduct _! c]emonies ei!r enclos$ 9 a mat or out 9 ! op52 b ! "o :o cures anmia & debility1 makes ! necess>y 8m$ic9e0 = pregnant wom51 att5ds conf9em5ts1 & takes c]ta9 cases ( sickness among m5 is always a female4 ,ea* is m or less fam\s 9 8 own l9e1 & ) "o or two exceptions r>ely goes beyond 8 own limits4 ,!re is ! g5]al practition]1 :o is n a speciali/ z ! o!r m$ic9e m5 are4 ,he is reg>d$1 h[ev]1 z kn[+ m ?an ! o!rs1 ) ! exception ( ! "o :o p]=ms 9 a mat4 ,he uses all k9ds ( h]bs1 prep>es ! diff]5t *>ms = w>d+ (f diseases1 & cures div]s compla9ts2 b he nev] attempts to exorcise spirits or to f9d wit*es4 ,he is call$ by ! natives nganga ya mono1 i4e4 ! m$ic9e man :o uses m$ic9es1 h]bs1 or *>ms4 ,8 fees are comp>atively small1 & he is consult$ 9 ! fir/ /ages ( an illness 9 ! hope t he w be able to effect a cure1 & ?us save ! l>g] fees dem&$ by o!r bran*es ( ! pr(ession4 ,:5 ra9 is fall+1 & = "s reason or o!r x is n desirable1 ! ra9-doctor takes a small leaf & puts x on ! clos$ fi/ ( 8 left h&1 & ext5d+ ! arm 9 ! direction f :i* ! ra9 is com+ he waves x to & fro 9 a semicircle2 he !n /rikes ! leaf ) ! op5 palm ( ! "r h&1 & %\ld ! leaf bur/ at ! fir/ smack ! ra9 w /op 9 8"o paddl+10 i4e4 ! "t paddl]s paddle on "o side ( a l>ge canoe be=e *ang+ to ! o!r side--?is is ab\t tw5ty m9utes2 if ! leaf does n bur/ at ! fir/ smack b at ! second1 !n ! ra9 w n /op = 8two paddl+s10 i4e4 =ty m9utes1 & s on2 b if ! leaf does n bur/ at all aft] repeat$ slaps1 !n ! ra9 w n /op = a v long "t4 ,:5 ra9 is ?reat5+1 ?is c]emony is p]=m$ 9 ord] to asc]ta9 h[ long x w be be=e ! ra9 w fall4 ,if ! leaf breaks at ! fir/ bl[ ! ra9 w beg9 to fall 9 tw5ty m9utes1 & s on to two bl[s & ?ree bl[s4 ,!y w />t a j\rney or rema9 at home accord+ to ! indications ( ?is p]=mance4 ,! lads h (t5 ask$ me to po/pone a j\rney because ! div9ation ( ! leaf pr$ict$ ra94 ,:5 a /orm ?reat5s to break dur+ ! fun]al fe/ivities ( a man ! p pres5t w call ! belov$ *ild ( ! deceas$1 & giv+ him 7or h]7 a light$ emb] f ! he>? ) a v9e tw9$ r\nd x1 !y w ask him to /op ! ra94 ,! lad /eps =w>d & waves ! v9e-encircl$ emb] t[>ds ! horizon :]e ! /orm is ris+1 & says3 8,fa!r1 let u h f9e wea!r dur+ y\r fun]al c]emonies40 ,! son aft] ?is rite mu/ n dr9k wat]--he may dr9k sug>-cane w9e--nor put 8 feet 9 wat] = "o day4 ,%\ld he n obs]ve ^! prohibitions ! ra9 w fall at once4 ,:5 x is desirable to h ra9 ! native takes d[n f ! %elf "s /icks :i* h 8m$ic9e0 b\nd r\nd !m & plunges !m into wat] mix$ ) arr[root leaves1 & !n ! ra9 w soon beg9 to fall4 ,x is r>ely t !y h to resort to ! ra9-doctor to br+ ra91 z ! ra9s fall ) great regul>ity all ! ye> r\nd2 !y employ him m frequ5tly to pr$ict :5 ! ra9 w /op1 or to /op x ) 8 *>ms4 ,on ! ,upp] ,congo ?r[+ salt on ! fire w cause a sup]abundance ( ra9 to fall1 b on ! ,l[] ,congo salt is a *>m = /opp+ ! ra94 ,:5 a family is tr\bl$ ) mu* sickness or frequ5t dea?s ! m$ic9e man ( ! mat 7nganga ya bwaka7 is engag$1 :o1 on 8 arrival1 puts "s /akes 9 ! gr\nd & ties a mat r\nd !m1 ?us mak+ an enclosure 9 :i* he sits :ile p]=m+ 8 c]emonies4 ,a /r+ is /ret*$ f ! ro( ( 8 cli5t's h\se to "o ( ! /akes ( ?is mat enclosure1 & ! end ( ! /r+ drops inside2 dri$ planta9 leaves1 twigs1 etc41 dangle f ! /r+1 & outside ! mat sit "s "y m5 & lads ) drums & horns1 & ! v>i\s folk int]e/$ 9 ! rites /& or sit ar\nd4 ,:5 all is ready ! m$ic9e man ent]s 8 enclosure & pull+ ! /r+1 he %akes ! leaves & ! lads beat _! drums & bl[ _! horns1 & ! m5 & wom5 sitt+ ar\nd *ant a *orus 9 admirable "t4 ,directly ! leaves /op %ak+ ! drumm]s & s+]s und]/& x z a sign = !m to rema9 quiet4 ,! m$ic9e man !n beg9s to speak to ! v>i\s spirits1 & answ]s himself 9 assum$ voices1 ?us pret5d+ to hold conv]sations ) !m4 ,z (t5 z he feels tir$ ) 8 ef=ts he %akes ! leaves1 & ! drums are beat51 & ! folk *ant until he has recov]$ 8 brea?1 :]eupon he />ts ! pseudo-conv]sations aga94 ,^! conv]sations he ma9ta9s ?r\gh ! :ole day 7sometimes = two or ?ree days71 b g5]ally t[>ds ! aft]noon ( ! second day he comes out ( ! enclosure hold+ a ble$+ head 9 8 h&1 & assures ! family t he has kill$ ! animal 9 :i* ! tr\blesome _s 0 resid+1 & n[ ! family w no m be afflict$ ) sickness & dea?4 ,to v>y ! c]emony ! m$ic9e man sometimes ru%es out ( ! enclosure into a h\se1 or beh9d a h\se1 or into ! adjac5t bu% z ?\gh 9 *ase ( some?+1 & he returns ) a ble$+ head1 & says t he has sla9 ! _s-possess$ animal4 ,x is ?is m$ic9e man :o se>*es = ! wit* 7moloki7 9 ! family ( ! sick "o4 ,if a layman *>ges ano!r ) wit*craft ! accus$ c dem& t ! accus] %all dr9k ! ordeal ) him2 b if ?is wit*-doctor *>ges a p]son ) wit*craft he himself w n take ! ordeal1 & no "o expects him to d s4 ,! accus$ mu/ take ! ordeal alone1 & %\ld he 7or %e7 fall repeat$ly he is condemn$1 & is left ei!r to die z ! result ( ! l>ge doses ( ordeal or is hung on a tree4 ,! corpse is left unburi$--x is ! body ( a wit*1 ! mo/ hat$ be+ 9 all ,congol&4 ,?is m$ic9e man ( ! mat 9 kill+ a _s tr\bl+ a family works h>d & e>ns 8 money4 ,aft] sp5d+ sev]al h\rs a day 9 ! mat discuss+ ) ! spirits & try+ to discov] :i* is m5ac+ ! family1 he at la/ decides on "o1 & :5 ! "r mom5t arrives ! m$ic9e man makes a t]rific noise inside ! mat1 z ?\gh he 7 fight+ = 8 life4 ,%\ts1 screams1 d]isive laught]1 :acks1 ?uds1 & smacks proce$ f ! int]ior ( ! mat1 & at la/ ! wit*-doctor ru%es out pant+ & sweat+ pr(usely1 hold+ 9 8 h& a ble$+ head1 & decl>+ t he has kill$ ! animal possess$ by ! p>ticul> _s t 0 tr\bl+ ! family4 ,) ! ble$+ head he ru%es to ! riv] & ?r[s x f> out into ! runn+ wat]4 ,! family is suppos$ n[ to recov] its heal?1 ! m$ic9e man pulls d[n 8 mats1 receives 8 fee1 & dep>ts4 ,:at is ! ble$+ head8 ,on "o occasion "s ( our s*ool lads *as$ "o ( ^! m$ic9e m5 :o came f 8 mat ) a ble$+ head4 ,he ran = ! riv]1 b !y head$ him (f1 & 9 desp]ation he ran to a pool ( wat] & ?rew ! head into x4 ,! boys ent]$ ! wat]1 & br++ x out !y f\nd x 0 a liz>d's head4 ,on ano!r occasion x 0 a rat's head4 ,?us ! family _h paid a big fee to h a rat or liz>d kill$1 & ! ble$+ neck %[n to !m4 ,up to t "t ! folk _h always believ$ t x 0 "s my/]i\s animal :i* ! m$ic9e man dug up f ! gr\nd inside 8 mat1 kill$ by 8 occult p[] & ?rew into ! riv] s t x c\ld nev] m h>m 8 cli5ts4 ,?is m$ic9e man :o op]ates 9 a mat is ! mo/ fe>$ & respect$ ( all ! wit*-doctors4 ,x is believ$ t he c see ! disembodi$ spirits1 i4e4 gho/s1 also ! s\ls ( p1 & ! diff]5t spirits ( disease1 & hold communication ) !m4 ,he bottles 9 calaba%es or imprisons 9 saucepans ! local spirits t w o!rwise h9d] ! hunt]s trapp+ ! wild animals2 he makes ! dogs ke5 hunt]s ) 8 *>ms & m$ic9es2 he gives ! reasons = ! floods1 & indicates ! be/ way to cause !m to subside2 & he also has v close deal+s ) ! _s ( weal?4 ,!re is ano!r class ( m$ic9e m5 t scorns to p]=m its c]emonies inside a mat1 b practises its craft 9 ! op5 be=e all ! p4 ,^! are call$ 7nganga ya lib&a7 m$ic9e m5 ( ! op51 outside4 ,a family suff]+ f mu* sickness has call$ 9 "o m$ic9e man aft] ano!r )\t exp]i5c+ relief1 & !y may h _h ev5 ! 8mat wit*-doctor0 & felt no bett] aft] hav+ paid him 8 l>ge fee1 s n[ !y try aga9 ) ?is "o :o works 9 ! op54 ,he arrives dress$ 9 monkey sk9s1 bu%-cat sk9s1 etc41 & well decorat$ ) *>ms4 ,m5 beat drums1 s+ *ants & *oruses2 ! m$ic9e man dances ab\t1 work+ himself into a fr5zy4 ,he pe]s "h1 !re1 ev]y:]e1 look+ = ! _s t is tr\bl+ ! family4 ,he sees x 9 a planta9 tree1 hurls 8 spe> at x1 b no1 he misses x2 he sees x on ! ro( ( a h\se & away d>ts ! spe>1 only to miss x aga94 ,he prods 8 spe> into ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! outside ( ! h\se1 b he misses ! elusive _s e "t2 he is1 h[ev]1 work+ x t[>ds ! doorway4 ,at la/ ! _s takes refuge 9 ! h\se1 ! m$ic9e man spr+s =w>d ) alacrity1 ent]s ! h\se1 d>ts 8 spe> 9 all directions1 yell+ l\dly & scream+ t]rifically2 !n a frightful cry is he>d1 & 9 a few mom5ts ! m$ic9e man comes out ) ! blade ( 8 spe> well sme>$ ) blood4 ,he has kill$ ! _s1 or r ! animal possess$ by ! _s4 ,i h (t5 wat*$ ?is p]=mance1 & !y always kill$ ^! animals possess$ by spirits 9 ! h\se4 ,i (t5 wond]$ :y1 & f :5ce came ! blood on ! spe>4 ,! son ( "o ( ^! m$ic9e m5 told u t :5 8 fa!r want$ blood to sme> ov] 8 spe>-head1 he dug 8 f+]-nail into 8 gum & procur$ f !nce ! blood = ! purposes ( ?is trick4 ,on %[+ ! spe> ?us /a9$ ) blood he ass]t$ t he _h de/roy$ ! _s t 0 tr\bl+ ! family1 he receiv$ 8 fee1 & w5t4 ,! semi-d>kness ( ! native hut r5d]$ a trick ( ?is k9d q possible4 ,we h se5 9 ! prec$+ *apt] on spirits t c]ta9 spirits cause c]ta9 diseases1 & t ! names ( _m diseases are really ! names ( ^? spirits t are suppos$ to cause !m4 ,to deal ) ! _s ( extreme debility !re are 8doctors10 :o are always wom51 & ^! are engag$ to treat bo? m5 & wom5 suff]+ f ?is compla9t4 ,! 8doctor0 9 deal+ ) ?is _s dances1 *ants1 & %akes a rattle1 until ! pati5t says he has ! _s 7bwete7 ( debility /irr+ 9 him2 he kn[s x by ! way x j]ks & sways 8 body4 ,! m$ic9e woman prep>es ! po/ 7etoli7 & invites ! _s to g & reside 9 x & n tr\ble ! pati5t any m4 ,^! female 8doctors0 att5d ! wom5 ( c]ta9 totem families1 ^: *ildr5 five days aft] bir? h _! e>s pi]c$2 su* families are suppos$ to be patroniz$ by a p>turition _s 7bwete bwa b[eya7 t w help ! *ild to gr[ /rong1 fat1 & heal?y if its e>s are pi]c$ on ! fif? day ) ! prop] dance & c]emony2 b w cause ! *ild's dea? if ! "m :5 ence9te does n use ! prop] m$ic9es "u ! guidance ( ?is female 8doctor10 or does n h its e>s pi]c$ 9 ! prop] way4 ,:5 a man is tr\bl$ ) a sickness :i* has fail$ to yield to o!r means1 or "o 9 ^: family !re has be5 a dea? & he _c af=d to hire a wit*-f9d]1 he goes to a m$ic9e man ^: fee is comp>atively small1 = 8 op]ations are simple & 8 p>aph]nalia small4 ,he1 on be+ hir$1 br+s out 8 feti% saucepan ( wat]1 & plac+ x 9 a good position he p\rs "s sug>-cane w9e by its side1 = s\ls or embodi$ spirits are v fond ( ?is dr9k4 ,he !n calls ! spirits by putt+ a leaf on ! clos$ fi/ ( ! left h& & /rik+ x ) ! palm ( ! "r h&2 !reupon !y %[ !mselves "o by "o 9 ! feti% saucepan 7lik5ge71 into :i* only ! wit*-doctor is all[$ to look4 ,a _s appe>s1 turns1 & %[s its face :5 *all5g$ to d s1 & %akes its head negatively1 & z ! %[+ ( ! face is reg>d$ z a pro( t x belongs to an innoc5t p]son1 x is told to pass4 ,by & by a _s appe>s 9 ! saucepan t p]si/5tly refuses to %[ its face aft] be+ repeat$ly ord]$ to d s by ! m$ic9e man1 !re=e he /abs x ) a spl9t] ( bamboo1 & ! own] ( t _s1 :o is ! wit*1 is n[ suppos$ to die v soon1 & ?us release ?is m$ic9e man's cli5t f its malign influ5ce4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t a p]son's s\l c be call$ f him by a wit*-doctor1 = ! ^w us$ 9 ?is connection is elimo1 & t means ! s\l ( a liv+ p]son4 ,x is also notewor?y t !y expect m tru?fulness 9 ! s\l ( a p]son ?an 9 ! p]son himself4 ,! ,boloki folk1 l o!rs m advanc$ 9 civilization1 are v anxi\s to "k ab\t ! future1 s !y h a soo?say] ^: special function x is to pr$ict com+ ev5ts4 ,?is div9] dances to ! beat ( drums & *ants1 ! *orus be+ tak5 up by all :o are pres5t4 ,:5 he has work$ himself & 8 audi5ce up to a c]ta9 pit* ( excitem5t he looks into 8 feti% bag ( m$ic9es1 & f :at he sees !re he =etells w>1 or ! rev]se1 its success or failure1 & o!r ev5ts1 su* z ! success or non-success ( a trad+ exp$ition1 fi%+ & hunt+ p>ties1 etc4 ,! natives1 bo? male & female1 are n always successful 9 _! love affairs1 h5ce !y h a special m$ic9e man :o makes _! love philtres4 ,a woman takes ! nail-p>+s1 hair-cutt+s1 & *ew$ pi? ( ! sug>-cane ( ! p]son ^: love %e desires1 to ?is p>ticul> 8doctor40 ,he makes !m into a m$ic9e :i*1 aft] well dry+1 he p\nds into a p[d]4 ,?is p[d] ! woman takes & bl[s ov] ! object ( h] love :ile he is asleep4 ,! man procures ! nail-p>+s & hair-cutt+s ( ! woman he loves1 & c>ries !m to ?is mak] ( love philtres2 b in/ead ( ! p[d] be+ bl[n ov] ! sleep+ object ( 8 passion1 he mixes x ) sug>-cane w9e & gives x to h] to dr9k4 ,a slave w use ! same me?od to ga9 an easi] "t f 8 ma/] or mi/ress2 & ?is philtre is also us$ on p to cause !m to =get a wrong or grant a reque/4 ,!re are to be f\nd among !m wit*-doctors to help !m 9 e em]g5cy ( life1 & n ! lea/ curi\s is ! "o :o aids !m to vani% 9 ! mid/ ( dang]4 ,! m$ic9e man :o ?us s]ves !m takes 8 "n f ! *>m he makes1 :i* is rubb$ on ! body1 or ti$ on ! wri/ or leg ( 8 cli5t1 :o1 :5 ?us protect$1 c walk "r among 8 enemies1 & if !y cat* him !y f9d only 8 clo? 9 _! h&s1 = ! p]son 9 ! clo? has vani%$4 ,?is *>m 7call$ ndemo7 is l>gely us$ 9 times ( w>1 z ! possessor ( x c fight & kill )\t be+ se5 by ! enemy1 & x is also 9 great fav\r ) ?ieves4 ,! *>m consi/s ( a yell[ pigm5t rubb$ on ! temples1 or 8m$ic9e0 mix$ ) ! pigm5t & fix$ to brass wire & ti$ r\nd ! wri/1 ! leg1 or ! wai/4 ,!y frequ5tly told me ( ! wond]ful p[] ( ?is *>m 9 r5d]+ a ?ief invisible2 b !y nev] accept$ my *all5ge to put ! matt] to ! te/4 ,i (f]$ to all[ any "o ( !m to keep any article he c\ld /eal 9 my rooms2 ! conditions 7 t ,i 0 to be 9 ! room & ! ?ief 0 to take ! article :ile ,i 0 pres5t & yet be invisible to me--,i %\ld simply see ! ?+ move1 app>5tly ( itself1 out ( ! room4 ,!y said x c\ld be done1 b !y nev] prov$ x4 ,:5 !re is smallpox 9 a di/rict ! n]v\s g to a m$ic9e man1 :o makes small cuts on 8 cli5t's body & sucks out "s blood1 :i* he spits on to a leaf & exam9es v c>efully4 ,if "s small ?reads are se5 9 ! blood1 ! 8doctor0 po9ts !m out to ! o!rs pres5t1 & says t 8z ,i h suck$ out ! wit*craft 7likundu7 ! p]son w n die1 al?\gh he may become infect$ ) smallpox40 ,%\ld no ?reads be se5 & by & by ! p]son cat*es smallpox1 8 relatives w tell him t he _c recov] unless he confesses to hav+ bewit*$ "o or m p]sons4 ,"u pressure ( con/ant nagg+ ! pati5t w confess 7& :o among !m has n desir$ ! dea? ( "o or m enemies & acqua9tances87 to 8 "m1 or fa!r1 or to an intimate fri5d1 t he has bewit*$ sev]al p]sons1 & w ev5 m5tion !m by "n2 & aft] ?is confession he may become bett]4 ,x is a v crafty p]=mance4 ,! p]son's blood is suck$1 & ! ?reads are %[n1 & if he does n h smallpox1 !n ! 8doctor0 has ! cr$it ( hav+ drawn all ! wit*craft out ( him4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he has smallpox1 !n he has 8 own wit*craft 9 him & t has caus$ ! illness1 & ! only way to ensure recov]y is to confess 8 guilt--?is exon]ates ! 8doctor40 ,if no ?reads are se5 9 ! blood & ! p]son has smallpox1 !n 8 own wit*craft has giv5 x1 & he mu/ confess2 & "h aga9 ! 8doctor0 is cle>$4 ,n[ if a p]son has n be5 op]at$ ^u by ! 8doctor0 & gets smallpox1 he mu/ confess to bewit*+ o!rs1 & %\ld he recov]1 well1 8 confession has cur$ him2 %\ld he die1 !n ei!r he has n fully confess$1 or someone else has bewit*$ him to dea?4 ,if a p]son does n cat* smallpox1 !n he is n bewit*$ by anyone1 & he himself has no wit*craft4 ,dur+ an epidemic ( smallpox at ,monsembe 9 #ahic x 0 absolutely impossible to isolate pati5ts1 =1 accord+ to _! belief reg>d+ infecti\s diseases--t no "o w\ld h x unless he 7 bewit*$ to h x--!re 0 no ne$ = isolation4 ,i h se5 ! hut ( a pati5t lit]ally cr[d$ ) wom51 lads1 & girls1 giv+ advice & %[+ sympa?y ) ! sick4 ,_m di$ f ! loa?some disease4 ,?is p>ticul> 8doctor0 also looks at ! art]ies 9 ! /oma* ( a dead p]son to discov] :e!r ! p]son di$ by 8 or h] own wit*craft1 or by ! wit*craft ( ano!r4 ,= full details see ! *apt] on 8,dea? & ,burial10 :]e x deals ) dea? by wit*craft4 ,a p]son suff]+ f sleep+-sickness has 8 own special 8doctor0 to look aft] him4 ,he sc>ifies ! body ( ! pati5t ) num]\s cuts1 & !n spr9kles hot wat] ov] him1 rubs pepp] pa/e into ! cuts1 & puts a drop or two ( pepp] juice 9 ea* eye4 ,?is practition] is call$ by ! natives nganga ya luwa--! m$ic9e man ( sleep+-sickness1 or ( ! _s t causes t compla9t4 ,!re are _m cases ( debility1 lack ( en]gy1 & anmia 9 :i* ! symptoms are some:at simil> to sleep+-sickness1 su* z dr[s9ess1 no desire to move ab\t1 loss ( appetite1 etc4 ,su* cases are greatly b5efit$ by ! massage ( w>m wat] & pepp] pa/e1 & by ! *ange ( sc5e & life necessitat$ by ! visit to ! 8doctor's0 village2 & :5 ! pati5ts return to _! own t[ns aft] f\r or five weeks' treatm5t1 mu* bett] & sometimes q well1 !y are reg>d$ by ! natives z cur$ cases ( sleep+-sickness4 ,! pepp] juice 9 ! eyes causes great agony1 b x keeps ! pati5t awake & mov+ ab\t4 ,! 8doctor0 puts v>i\s taboos on 8 pati5ts1 bo? z to :at !y %all eat & h[ _! food %all be cook$4 ,my wife _h a girl ab\t fifte5 ye>s ( age :o fell a victim to sleep+-sickness4 ,%e 0 sm>t 9 h] h\se-"w1 intellig5t & quick 9 s*ool1 & neat & clean 9 h] p]son4 ,%e gradually lo/ h] sm>tness1 =got all %e ga9$ 9 s*ool1 & became dirty & slov5ly 9 h] dress1 etc4 ,%e also _h a temp]ature e morn+ ( ab\t #ajj degrees t yield$ to no treatm5t4 ,x 0 an und\bt$ case ( sleep+-sickness1 b z x occurr$ 9 #ahid n mu* 0 kn[n ( ! compla9t1 & !re 7 v few sugge/ions z to treatm5t4 ,^? sugge/ions1 h[ev]1 we foll[$1 & ! pati5t became no bett] = tonics1 bromide ( potassium1 etc4 ,i 0 !n told ab\t ?is k9d ( 8doctor10 & f9d+ !re 0 no?+ really objectionable 9 8 mode ( proc$ure ,i ask$ ! girl if %e w\ld l to und]go 8 treatm5t4 ,%e readily express$ h] wi% to be put "u him1 & seem$ to h great fai? 9 him4 ,! girl w5t1 & ,i wat*$ ! treatm5t ) mu* int]e/4 ,at fir/ %e bright5$ up "u ! pepp] massage1 b at la/ %e di$ 9 our h\se1 = f9d+ ! treatm5t fail$ we br\ght h]1 at h] own desire1 back to our h\se4 ,x is ne$less to say t ,i nev] came across a s+le case ( true sleep+-sickness cur$ by ?is class ( 8doctors40 ,!re are "s curi\s contradictions ab\t ?is compla9t4 ,9 "s cases !re is loss ( appetite1 & 9 o!rs a rav5\s hung]2 9 "s great dr[s9ess1 & x is almo/ impossible to keep ! pati5t awake1 9 o!rs entire insomnia2 9 "s san5ess to ! la/1 b o!rs exhibit insanity & ev5 viol5t madness4 ,:5 a boy or girl is v ?9 & weakly1 8 fa!r kills a monkey1 or buys a l>ge piece ( meat or a big fi% & s5ds = ! m$ic9e man1 :o has a reputation = conv]s+ ) ! spirits ( unborn *ildr5 7call$ b+bongbo71 & int]pret+ _! dem&s4 ,on 8 arrival he %uts himself up 9 "o ( 8 cli5t's h\ses & is he>d to speak ) ^! spirits4 ,aft] a "t he comes out & tells 8 cli5t t ! spirits compla9 because he has nev] giv5 !m a fea/1 & t if he desires to see 8 son improve 9 heal? he mu/ at once prep>e "o = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,a ,,*>m ,,= ,,increas+ ,,! ,,bir? ,,rate ,! sc>city ( *ildr5 9 ! ,lib9za ,lake villages al>m$ ! inhabitants consid]ably1 s !y paid a l>ge sum to a wit*-doctor to set up ?is feti% t _! prog5y might be increas$4 ,! fa!r gives ! monkey1 meat1 or fi% he has procur$ ready = ?is dem&4 ,x is cook$ & ! m$ic9e man takes ! food on a plate into ! h\se1 puts x d[n on ! floor &1 com+ out1 %uts ! door4 ,aft] a "t he aga9 ent]s ! h\se1 br+s out ! plate & %[s t ! food has p>tly disappe>$1 & t ! edge ( ! plate is sme>$ ) ! food 7!re are always pl5ty ( rats & mice 9 a native hut74 ,?is is accept$ z evid5ce t ! spirits h p>tak5 ( ! fea/1 & ! pati5t w get bett] z ! (f]+ has be5 accept$4 ,! m$ic9e man gives ! pati5t a new "n--if a girl1 ,bolumbu1 & if a boy1 ,loleka4 ,! spirits ( unborn babies are suppos$ to be suppli$ to ! family pres]ves 7call$ liboma7 by ! disembodi$ spirits ( ! deceas$ memb]s ( ! family4 ,^! are responsible = keep+ ! pres]ves well fill$ ) spirits await+ bir?4 ,! pres]ves may be a pool on an isl&1 a pond 9 ! bu% or =e/1 or a great bombax tree4 ,! 8doctor0 :o deals ) madness has simply a saucepan ( wat] 9 :i* he mixes "s m$ic9es1 & ! pati5t imm]ses 8 face e day 9 x1 & !n he drops "s juices f plants into 8 eyes until ! p]son is cur$ ( 8 madness4 ,madness is call$ mokalala1 & ! 8doctor0 :o treats x is nam$ by t title also--! 8doctor = madness40 ,:5 ! dea? ( a prom95t man has occurr$1 & ! 8doctor = wit*craft0 has inspect$ ! entrails ( ! deceas$ & has /at$ t ! dep>t$ "o 0 bewit*$ to dea?1 ! family !n calls 9 ! wit*-f9d] to po9t out ! p]son guilty ( t dete/able ?+ call$ wit*craft4 ,! usual fee is "o slave1 b if ! wit*-f9d] is a v fam\s "o he w dem& & receive two slaves4 ,he insi/s on receiv+ 8 fee be=e he beg9s op]ations1 z he may h to ru% (f ) undignifi$ ha/e directly he has po9t$ out ! wit*1 = ! accus$ p]son does n always take ! *>ge quietly1 b sometimes ru%es (f = spe> or gun to kill 8 accus]1 h5ce ! dem& = ! fee fir/4 ,! p ga!r on ! appo9t$ day 9 a l>ge circle1 & ! m$ic9e man1 dress$ z a woman 9 sk9s & clo?s fanta/ically arrang$1 8 face1 legs1 & arms decorat$ ) pigm5ts ( v>i\s col\rs1 takes 8 place 9 ! c5tre & dances ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! fir/ day to ! beat ( drums4 ,t[>ds ! end ( aft]noon ( ! second day he po9ts out ! wit*1 & !n hurries at once to 8 wait+ canoe4 ,! accus$ mu/ take ! ordeal & abide by ! result4 ,! 8doctor ( ! mat0 v (t5 p]=ms ?is c]emony ( discov]+ ! wit*4 ,!re is ano!r class ( m$ic9e m5 :o scrape _! eyes ) ! %>p edge ( ! sug>-cane grass1 :i* op]ation cle>s ! vision & enables !m to see _s wit*es af> (f & fru/rate _! evil designs4 ,he pret5ds to see ! wit* at night runn+ (f ) ! s\l ( a p]son1 & ?is s\l he rescues & re/ores to its own]4 ,! next day ! m$ic9e man w g to ! own] ( ! s\l he rescu$ & say3 8,la/ night ,i saw a wit* _s runn+ away ) y\r s\l1 & ,i /opp$ x or y w\ld be dead by n[40 ,& !n he dem&s a pres5t1 :i* is at once giv5 ?r\gh fe>2 = if !y refuse to satisfy ?is m$ic9e man he w all[ ! wit* _s to escape ano!r "t ) ! s\l1 & dea? w be ! result4 ,n[ a man :o has _m & p[]ful enemies ne$s someone to help him1 & !re is a special bran* ( ! pr(ession creat$ on purpose to r5d] him assi/ance4 ,su* a man goes to a prop] m$ic9e man1 :o w give him a m$ic9e t w ov]awe or soo! 8 enemies s t !y w no long] desire to "w him any h>m4 ,!y w become subject to 8 w & influ5ce4 ,?is m$ic9e man 7he goes by ! "n ( nganga y' elembia ov]awe1 subdue1 soo!7 also initiates 8 cli5ts into v>i\s tricks = /rik+ awe into ! onlook]s t !y may fe> _! p[]1 & respect !m accord+ly4 ,:5 a man is ill1 or has lo/ a relative by dea?1 he may 9 8 vexation accuse ! o!r memb]s ( 8 family ( wit*craft4 ,!y ( c\rse indignantly d5y ! *>ge1 s ! accus] *all5ges !m to dr9k ! wat] f a feti% bell4 ,%\ld anyone refuse to dr9k f ! feti% bell he is reg>d$ z guilty ( wit*craft4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y agree to accept ! *all5ge ! p>ticul> k9d ( m$ic9e man :o op]ates ) ! feti% bell is call$1 & on 8 arrival he gives to ea* p]son a draught to dr9k f 8 feti% bell4 ,& x is firmly believ$ t ! "o guilty ( wit*craft w soon die f ! effects ( ! bell m$ic9e1 :]eas ! innoc5t w suff] no inconv5i5ce f x4 ,x w be se5 f ! above-m5tion$ m$ic9e m5 t ! natives h a m$ic9e man to help !m 9 e em]g5cy ( life1 & also "o to control1 soo!1 or de/roy e k9d ( _s t is likely to d !m any h>m p]sonally1 & br+ any sort ( mis=tune or ill-luck ^u !m4 ,h[ev]1 wit*craft is at ! bottom ( all _! fe>s1 & x w be notic$ t ! majority ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( m$ic9e m5 deal )1 or pret5d to av]t1 t mo/ dread$ & hat$ ?+ wit*craft4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( wit*es among ! ,boloki p1 viz4 ! active1 t is ! p]son :o fees a m$ic9e man to kill 8 enemy or procures "s m$ic9e to d him to dea?4 ,! passive1 t is ! p]son :o 9 a temp]1 or because ( "s grievance1 wi%es ,s-&-s 7 dead1 or 9 a curse %\ts at 8 torm5tor & oppressor3 8,may y die quickly02 b takes no active measures to procure ! dea? ( ! said p]son4 ,!re is sc>cely a p]son :o has n wi%$ = ! dea? ( "o or m p]sons2 & :5 ! ordeal ( ! feti% bell is adm9i/]$ & ! dr9k] ( ! 8bell wat]0 has n desir$ ! dea? or illness ( t p>ticul> p]son he feels secure2 b if he has desir$ ! dea? ( t p]son he feels n]v\s1 d\btful1 refuses to dr9k ! ordeal & is accus$ ( wit*craft or dr9ks x & p]haps dies f %e] fe>4 ,! ?ird k9d ( wit* might be call$ ! self-inflict$ "o1 t is1 a p]son 9 utt] mis]y desires to die1 & ! wit*craft works 9 him & he dies2 ! natives ?9k t _m p die by _! own wit*craft4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo ,i f\nd no idea ( suicidal wit*craft among ! p4 ,i ?9k _m ( ! m$ic9e m5 ?or\ghly believe 9 !mselves2 & ev5 ^? :o ass]t t !y see spirits or h p]=m$ su* wond]s z liv+ "u ! wat] = sev5 days1 or mak+ _! spe> %ake & talk relate ! incid5t s (t5 t !y come to believe t !y really did x4 ,_m ( ! p be=e we w5t !re _h no fai? 9 ! m$ic9e m52 b !y 7 afraid to oppose or ridicule !m = fe> ( be+ *>g$ ) wit*craft1 s !y pret5d$ to accept all t 0 said & done by !m4 ,our pres5ce inspir$ _m ) ! c\rage to te/ ! wit*-doctors1 & f9d+ !m frauds !y turn$ f !m ) contempt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,taboos ,,& ,,curses ,v>iety ( taboos--,! totem taboo--,! p]man5t taboo--,! inh]it$ taboo--,! tempor>y taboo--,circumcision taboo--,canoe-mak]'s taboo--,m\rn]'s taboo--,curs+ a wife--,taboo ( sympa?y--,fa!r's curse on a *ild--,kick+ a p]son's foot--,v>i\s curses--,diff]5t oa?s--,giv+ tok5s4 ,taboos are ! prohibitions & re/rictions put on ?+s & actions by ! wit*-doctor dur+ & aft] an illness1 by ! family totems1 & tempor>ily by ! individual himself4 ,!y are ! 8?\ %alt nots0 ( feti%ism4 ,to disobey !m is to risk dire consequ5ces to heal? ( body1 to success 9 exp$itions1 & to "o's luck4 ,among ! ,boloki ! outrag$ spiritual p[]s are suppos$ to av5ge !mselves on ! break]s ( ! taboo4 ,! taboos s5d _! ramifications into e "p ( native life1 ?\ght1 & action4 ,!re is n a s+le article ( food t is n taboo to someone1 !re is n a place t has n be5 taboo$ at "s "t or o!r1 & !re is n a possible action t has n be51 or is n1 affect$ by taboo4 ,:5 a wit*-doctor tells 8 pati5t t he is n to eat goat's meat1 !n goat's meat to t man is taboo$1 =bidd51 unlawful = t man to eat2 & %\ld he break ! taboo by eat+ goat's meat1 !n he believes t a s]i\s relapse w foll[ & probably dea?4 ,! taboos are _m & v>i\s1 b mo/ ( !m fall "u ! foll[+ heads3 ,! totem taboo 7call$ mokumbu7 is n s evid5t to ! casual obs]v] among ! ,bololi p1 & ,i might say among ,congo p g5]ally1 z x is 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,"o family t ,i "k may n eat a c]ta9 snake1 & ano!r may n eat f[ls4 ,if ! m5 ( ^! families kill & eat _! totems !y w become ?9 & weak2 ! wom5 w n only become ?9 b /]ile2 & ! pregnant woman :o breaks h] totem taboo w be deliv]$ ( a weak *ild1 :o w rema9 ?9 & und]siz$ all 8 life4 ,to ano!r family a tree ) small edible fruit 7nam$ mw5ge7 is a totem4 ,! tree mu/ n be cut d[n1 nor its fruit eat51 & if by any mi/ake a woman ( ?is family burns x :ile pregnant %e c>efully saves ! a%es1 i4e4 in/ead ( ?r[+ !m away %e puts !m 9 a special place ap>t f ! usual heap ( refuse1 o!rwise h] *ild w be born emaciat$ & weakly4 ,/range to say1 ! boys & girls ( ! family be=e pub]ty may eat ! fruit ( ?is tree )\t any evil consequ5ces4 ,ano!r family has a plant ) r$ leaves 7call$ nkungu7 z a totem4 ,:5 a woman ( ?is family becomes ence9te = ! fir/ "t a nkungu is plant$ ne> ! he>? outside ! h\se1 & x is nev] de/roy$1 or ! *ild w be born ?9 & weak & rema9 v small & sickly4 ,! heal?y life ( ! *ildr5 & family is b\nd up ) ! heal?9ess & life ( ! totem tree z respect$ & pres]v$ by ! family4 ,! kill+ ( a f[l by a memb] ( ! snake family1 & vice v]sa1 does n affect ! family ^: totem x is4 ,:5 a free woman m>ries %e takes h] totem ) h] & obs]ves n only h] own1 b also h] husb&'s totem4 ,& any *ild born to !m takes ! totem ( bo? p>5ts until !re is a family c\ncil ( ! pat]nal & mat]nal bran*es1 :5 x is g5]ally arrang$ t ! *ild %all 9 future obs]ve its fa!r's totem4 ,^! notes conta9 all ! in=mation ,i c\ld ga!r relat+ to _! totems2 & ,i receiv$ ! impression t ! totem taboo is gradually dy+ out4 ,?is is also ! impression ,i h ab\t ! totems on ! ,l[] ,congo1 :]e "o f9ds only a ve/ige ( :at 0 once probably a pot5t factor 9 _! family life4 ,!n !re is ! p]man5t taboo 7call$ ngili74 ,?is taboo is put on any k9d ( food1 z1 8,y mu/ n eat goat's meat02 or1 on go+ to a c]ta9 place1 z1 8,y mu/ n g across ! riv] to a p>ticul> isl&02 or1 on p]=m+ a p>ticul> action1 z1 8,y mu/ always dr9k sug>-cane w9e ?r\gh a re$1 nev] /raight out ( a vessel ( any k9d40 ,?is taboo mu/ be c>efully obs]v$ by ! p]son "u x z long z he lives or s]i\s consequ5ces w foll[ ! break+ ( x1 su* z a return ( ! sickness f :i* ! p]son 0 suff]+ :5 plac$ "u ?is taboo1 or a loss ( prop]ty & life1 or ! sickness & dea? ( a *ild4 ,e k9d ( food is ngili to someone1 & x is no uncommon s\nd to he> a p]son go+ ?r\gh ! t[n cry+ out3 8,ex*ange = piece ( antelope40 ,t means t someone has come into possession ( a portion ( antelope to :om x is taboo1 s he 7or %e7 is try+ to ex*ange x = fi% or some?+ else t is n taboo to him ) someone to :om antelope is n taboo4 ,?is p]man5t taboo 7ngili7 is v frequ5tly an inh]it$ "o4 ,a man has1 say1 elephantiasis & ! 8m$ic9e man0 says he is n to eat ei!r elephant or hippopotamus fle% 7bo? ^! animals h /\t legs71 & ! man w pass on ?is taboo to 8 sons1 :o w c>efully obs]ve x le/ _! legs become 8swoll5 l an elephant's40 ,milk is taboo$ by all & reg>d$ ) great abhorr5ce4 ,anyone dr9k+ x is consid]$ unclean 7bosoto7 = sev]al days1 & is n all[$ to eat ) 8 family4 ,!y may t\* milk1 = !y milk our goats & %eep & c>ry x to u )\t suff]+ any defilem5t1 b x mu/ n t\* _! lips4 ,a h\se boy ( m9e 0 kn[n to h drunk "s wat] out ( a milky glass1 & he 0 n p]mitt$ to eat ) 8 family = five days4 ,! natives c\ld give no reason = ?is1 b only /at$ t x 0 _! cu/om4 ,! eat+ ( raw eggs is also taboo$ by all1 & ! break] ( ?is taboo is n all[$ to eat ) 8 family = a few days4 ,!y eat well-cook$ eggs no matt] h[ unsav\ry !y may be ?r\gh age4 ,i may say 9 pass+ t ! m anci5t an egg is ! bett] x is lik$ by ! native1 & !y d n appreciate our pref]5ce = fre% eggs4 ,if a native gives an ag$ egg to a :ite man z an expression ( gratitude x does n mean t he is giv+ x because x is bad & wor?less to himself1 b because x is to him bett] ?an a fre% egg1 & he ?9ks x is s to y until he le>ns bett]1 & !n he w br+ fre% ones4 ,! tempor>y taboo 7mungilu7 cov]s a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t circum/ances t1 accord+ to ! native view ( life1 call = a taboo4 ,dur+ pregnancy a woman is plac$ "u a taboo1 g5]ally t %e is n to eat a c]ta9 k9d ( food--n ! same article ( food to e woman1 b accord+ to ! mom5t>y :im ( ! 8doctor0--& ?is %e obs]ves until ! m$ic9e man removes x ei!r on ! bir? ( ! *ild or :5 x is wean$1 or ! fir/ "t ! *ild has its hair cut4 ,"s pregnant wom5 are told n to ?r[ ! a%es ( _! fires away until _! *ildr5 rea* ! age ( twelve or f\rte54 ,! a%es are !re=e c>efully ga!r$ & put into a special place4 ,^! wom51 h[ev]1 belong to families :i* h trees & %rubs = totems1 & = fe> ( scatt]+ ! a%es ( _! totem trees inadv]t5tly burnt !y h to put all ! a%es ( _! fires 9 a p>ticul> place1 ?us hon\r+ all a%es to av]t ! possibility ( be+ disrespectful to ! a%es ( _! totem trees4 ,a wit*-doctor may say t on acc\nt ( a c]ta9 sickness ! pati5t mu/ n eat a p>ticul> k9d ( food1 & ! food he may eat mu/ be prep>$ 9 a special way1 say1 cook$ 9 =e/ wat] & n 9 wat] tak5 f ! riv]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! man is bett] a fea/ is prep>$1 & !n all k9ds ( food are cook$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 includ+ ! int]dict$ articles1 & ! pati5t p>takes ( !m & ! prohibitions are remov$4 ,lads :o h be5 circumcis$ mu/ rema9 indoors until ! w\nds are heal$1 & dur+ t "t !y are n to eat ! heads & tails ( fi%4 ,:5 a man is mak+ a canoe he ties a piece ( a cactus-l plant to ! log he is work+1 & :ile work+ on x he mu/ n dr9k any wat]1 o!rwise ! canoe w leak4 ,! *>m also w>ds (f evil influ5ces & keeps ! canoe f w>p+4 ,memb]s ( a deceas$ p]son's family are =bidd5 to sleep = two or ?ree weeks on _! ord9>y b$s1 & mu/ sleep on leaves spread on ! gr\nd4 ,aft] ! m\rn+ !y h a dr9k+-b\t ( sug>-cane w9e1 to :i* all ! t[n is invit$1 aft] :i* !y return to _! ord9>y sleep+-mats on ! rais$ frame4 ,! prohibitions on fi%]m5 & hunt]s h already be5 m5tion$4 ,sometimes a man 9 a rage w put himself "u a taboo4 ,a wife by h] conduct has irritat$ him beyond all endurance1 & at la/ 9 ang] he /rikes on ! gr\nd ) a /ick1 & says3 8,may ,i be curs$ if ev] ,i eat food cook$ by y40 ,he is n[ "u a taboo 7mungilu7 n to eat food f t woman's h&s4 ,su* a mode ( proc$ure w br+ ! woman to h] s5ses1 = und\bt$ly ! taboo & curse g fur!r ?an ! m]e non-eat+ ( food cook$ by h]4 ,x means t he has put a taboo on h] & w h no?+ m to d ) h]1 or ! curse w come on him 9 ! =m ( a sev]e disease4 ,by & by ! woman is sorry = h] conduct1 & begs ! husb& to remove himself f "u ! curse by remov+ ! taboo ( hav+ no?+ m to d ) h]4 ,%\ld he aft] a "t rel5t1 ! curse is remov$ by ! foll[+ c]emony1 :i* is call$ rev]s+1 or undo+1 ( ! beat+ ( ! gr\nd3 ,a tr5* is dug :ile "s wom5 s+3 8,remove ! curse1 ! curse ( beat+ on ! gr\nd0 7,bondola bondo mobondo bondo74 ,a spot ( r$ camwood p[d] is rubb$ on ! woman's *e/1 or z !y say1 8ov] ! he>t10 ! taboo & curse are remov$ & ! pair are reconcil$4 ,m5 & wom5 to express _! sympa?y ) a sick p>5t or relative w make a v[1 say+3 8,i w n eat f[ls10 or1 8,i w n g to ,lulanga until my fa!r is bett]40 ,%\ld ! fa!r die1 !n ! p]son :o made ! self-impos$ taboo mu/ n eat any m f[ls1 or mu/ nev] g aga9 to ,lulanga4 ,^! v[s are v c>efully obs]v$1 or a disease w result f break+ !m4 ,a p]son !re=e c be "u f\r taboos1 viz43 7#a7 ,! totem taboo 7mokumbu7 ( 8 family4 7#b7 ,! taboo 7ngili71 because ( a s]i\s illness & ! desire to av]t a relapse4 7#c7 ,! inh]it$ taboo 7also ngili71 to avoid a compla9t f :i* ! fa!r suff]$4 7#d7 ,! tempor>y taboo 7mungilu7 ( ang] & sympa?y4 ,?is may be ! be/ place 9 :i* to m5tion _! curses1 = !y are (t5 int]wov5 ) _! taboos4 ,a v common curse employ$ on mo/ occasions is to /rike on ! gr\nd ) a /ick1 & at ! same "t m5tion ! "n ( ! p]son curs$2 & ! p]son ?us curs$ w h a v bad =m ( dys5t]y1 & ! curs] may say3 8,may ,i be curs$ if ev] ,i d su* & su* a ?+02 ?us ! curs] w become subject to ! disease %\ld he break 8 ^w4 ,a p]son curses an adult relative 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,he rubs 8 ?ighs1 b5ds d[n1 & turns 8 back t[>ds ! "o to be curs$ & %\ts3 8,be accurs$40 ,?is is also done 9 ! face ( an enemy z an insol5t curse on !m4 ,e>ly morn+ is said to be ! be/ "t = mak+ x effective4 ,i h se5 ?is p]=m$ sev]al times1 & ! p]son s curs$ has hurl$ 8 knife or spe> at ! curs]4 ,a fa!r1 or gu>dian1 curses 8 *ild by words1 & !n ! *ild w nei!r gr[ prop]ly nor become wise or ri*2 b ?is is only resort$ to on great provocation4 ,%\ld ! *ild become p5it5t & apologize = 8 evil ways1 he takes a l>ge fi% or monkey or a goat to 8 fa!r & begs him to remove ! curse4 ,! fa!r accepts ! pres5t1 & !n *ew+ ! /em ( a c]ta9 %rub 7call$ munsangasanga71 he expectorates ! pieces out on to ! palm ( 8 *ild's h&1 say+2 8,:at ,i said ,i said 9 ang]1 & ,i n[ remove ! curse40 ,! *ild is com=t$ & ! two are reconcil$4 ,to kick or t\* a p]son accid5tally1 :ile pass+ him1 ) ! foot is equival5t to curs+ him4 ,! p]son mu/ turn r\nd & slightly kick aga9 ! p]son :om he t\*$ ) 8 foot1 o!rwise bad luck1 etc41 w come ^u ! p]son kick$4 ,:]e we apologize !y kick aga91 & ! phrase us$ = ! second kick means1 8to rev]se ! effects ( ! fir/ kick40 ,!y are exce$+ly c>eful n to t\* a p]son ) ! foot 9 pass+--t br+s bad luck1 & n to /ep ov] a p]son--t is an insult4 ,a p]son mov+ out ( a sitt+ cr[d ( folk %uffles 8 feet along ! gr\nd s z to avoid /epp+ ov] anyone1 & w tell ^? squatt+ ar\nd to draw _! feet up out ( ! way s z n to t\* !m4 ,!re are o!r curses us$ by old & "y alike dur+ fits ( passionate ang]1 z1 8,may y die by wit*craft02 or1 8,may y die by euphorbia poison02 or1 8,cry = y\r "m10 i4e4 ,may y\r "m die4 ,! la/ is a curse bitt]ly res5t$1 & is only utt]$ :5 a p]son is greatly exasp]at$4 ,:5 a p]son is und]go+ any ordeal te/ he repeat$ly uses ! ^w ngambu1 :i* means3 8,if ,i am guilty1 let ! ordeal "w aga9/ me2 b if ,i am innoc5t1 !n let my accus] be accurs$ & die40 ,! ngambu curse is greatly dread$ by all natives4 ,promises & oa?s are ratifi$ by ea* contract+ p>ty putt+ a curse on ! o!r %\ld he break 8 oa?2 & illness & bad luck are (t5 reg>d$ z due to unfai?fulness to "o's oa?4 ,sometimes taboos are put on "o ano!r by ! contract+ p>ties1 & s long z ! taboos are c>efully obs]v$ !y are reckon$ z fai?ful to _! promises & oa?s4 ,?is is specially s 9 ! cov5ant ( blood-bro!rhood1 & to disreg>d ! taboo is to c\rt ei!r dea? or "s great disa/]4 ,_m ( _! folk-lore /ories are illu/rative ( ! evil consequ5ces result+ f ! break+ ( blood-bro!rhood taboos4 ,oa?s are freely us$ by ! ,boloki 9 _! conv]sation1 & su* li>s are !y t !y feel x necess>y to back _! /atem5ts )1 8,i swe> x0 7ndai74 ,! commone/ =m ( oa? is1 8,cut my ?roat0 7t5a nk+u71 & is always accompani$ by ! speak] wett+ 8 f+] & draw+ x across 8 ?roat4 8,by my "m0 7nta mama71 & 8,by my fa!r0 7nta tata7 are v /rong oa?s & are felt to be b9d+ on ! us] ( !m1 o!rwise disa/] w foll[ if ! /atem5ts to :i* !y are affix$ are n true1 or ! promises to :i* !y are atta*$ are n fulfill$4 8,truly s1 by my "m0 7bwele unko mama71 & 8,truly s1 by my fa!r0 7bwele unko tata71 are n reg>d$ z be+ s /rong z ! =m] two1 b !y inf] t ! speak] pl$ges himself t 8 words are true1 o!rwise 8 "m or fa!r w suff]4 ,a piece ( /ick1 t91 or any?+ h&y is cut into pieces1 & ea* combatant or disputant takes a portion z a tok5 t all matt]s ( dispute are f9i%$1 & he :o aga9 />ts "o ( ! old qu>rels calls d[n a curse ^u himself4 ,?is cutt+ ( a tok5 7t5a ndanga7 is also done by ! p>ty :o loses a case4 ,he gives a portion ( ! cut tok5 z an e>ne/ ( ! paym5t ( exp5ses1 & ( ! f9e impos$ by ^? :o judg$ ! case1 & if he does n r$eem x he is "u a curse & w suff] accord+ly4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,native ,,*>ms ,,& ,,_! ,,uses ,a g5]al "n--,no sacrifices to !m--,prev5tive *>ms--,?ief's *>m & antidote--,*>m = r5d]+ ! own] attractive--,helpful *>ms 9 w>--,modes ( deal+ ) wit*craft--,c]ta9 *>ms = c]ta9 spirits--,= success 9 fi%+--,to detect a murd]]--,to pres]ve goats 9 heal?--,giv+ ordeal to a son4 ,! g5]al "n = feti%1 *>m1 amulet1 talisman1 mascot1 etc41 is bonganga2 & ?is is also ! ^w = ! skill or art ( ! m$ic9e man--t :i* con/itutes him a memb] ( ! pr(ession4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult to decide :e!r ?is skill arises f 8 own inh]5t intuitions or is imp>t$ to him by 8 own p[]ful feti%--! ^w bonganga fav\rs bo? views4 ,! prefix 8bo0 c indicate ! ?+ into :i* a m$ic9e man has put 8 p[]1 h5ce a *>m1 feti%1 etc42 & x also d5otes a n\n ( quality1 & ?us po9ts to ! skilfulness1 art1 etc41 or t quality by :i* ! wit*-doctor is able to p]=m 8 magic4 ,x is v probable t bo? views are necess>y = a complete und]/&+ ( ! ^w--x is a ?+ into :i* ! m$ic9e man has put 8 p[]1 & x is also ! skill1 art1 p[]1 etc41 by :i* he imp>ts x & by :i* he works z a wit*-doctor4 ,no (f]+s are pres5t$ to *>ms1 & !re is no mode ( refre%+ !m z on ! ,l[] ,congo2 b :5 a *>m does n act z x %\ld ! own] takes x back to ! m$ic9e man to h "s m 8m$ic9e0 put into x1 z x is ?\ght t ! old has become ineffective ?r\gh be+ play$ out4 ,images are n us$ among ! ,boloki1 b v>i\s articles are employ$ to cons]ve ! feti% p[] imp>t$ to !m4 ,! *>ms belong+ to ! wit*-doctors h be5 h&$ d[n f "t immemorial & ! v>i\s 8doctors0 make ! amulets1 *>ms1 etc41 = ! p4 ,! l>g] ! fee ! m p[]ful ! *>m4 ,9 writ+ ab\t ! ,boloki *>ms x is v difficult to classify !m1 = !y s frequ5tly ov]lap ea* o!r 9 _! op]ations4 ,i h collect$ ! names ( a l>ge numb] ( _! *>ms1 etc41 & :5 describ+ "s ( !m ,i %all h to repeat a little ( ! in=mation giv5 "u ! head+ ( 8,m$ic9e ,m5 & _! ,magic02 b ,i w avoid m repetition ?an is necess>y to put ! read] 9 t\* ) ! suppos$ p[]s ( ! *>m4 ,!re are ^? *>ms t help !m 9 dire di/ress1 & among ! mo/ pot5t ( !m is ! ek&o1 :i* really means a snag hidd5 "u ! wat]4 ,! own] ( ?is *>m c cause a snag to break ! canoe ( 8 pursu+ enemies4 ,9 ! excitem5t ( a *ase ! paddl]s d n always look :]e !y are go+ & w run on a hidd5 snag1 & ! impact w split ! canoe & ! *>m has ! cr$it = x4 ,_m trees topple f ! bank into ! riv]1 & by & by ! jagg$ end ( a l>ge bran* w be j "u wat] z ! riv] rises & falls1 & ?is fav\rs ! belief 9 ! p[]s ( ! ek&o *>m4 ,i h be5 ne>ly ?r[n out ( my canoe two or ?ree times f runn+ on a cov]$ snag1 & !y are a s\rce ( consid]able dang] to riv] /eam]s4 ,! own] ( ?is *>m has ! p[] also to call on ! hippopotami & crocodiles to help him :5 h>d press$ by 8 foes4 ,hippopotami q un9t5tionally1 9 com+ up to brea!1 ov]turn a canoe2 & crocodiles h ! trick ( com+ up sudd5ly by ! side ( a canoe & caus+ ! paddl]s to />t s viol5tly t !y upset ! canoe4 ,! crocodile takes a man & goes (f4 ,ano!r *>m ) curi\s p[] is ! 8feti% axe0 7ekoko74 ,! possessor :5 desir\s ( elud+ 8 enemies takes ! 8axe0 9 8 h& & beats an isl& ) x1 :]eupon ! isl& splits & he passes ?r\gh ! op5+1 :i* at once closes beh9d him1 & he is safe4 ,! num]\s creeks & inlets fav\r ?is sup]/ition4 ,ano!r *>m on mu* ! same l9es z ! two already m5tion$1 is ! jelo or s&bank4 ,! lucky own] ( ?is *>m1 :5 escape f ! enemy is o!rwise impossible1 w take a h&ful ( s& & ?r[ x t[>ds 8 pursu]s1 & a s&bank w imm$iately =m & /op _! progress until ! own] ( ! jelo *>m is f> beyond _! rea*4 ,! innum]able & ev]-*ang+ s&banks 9 ! riv] fav\r ?is belief4 ,on "o occasion ! folk 7 mu* tr\bl$ by /eam]s call+ at ,monsembe1 ! crews ( :i* took e opportunity ( robb+ ! p4 ,! natives !re=e decid$ to employ ?is *>m by mak+ a s]ies ( s&banks across ! *annels1 ?us prev5t+ ! approa* ( /eam]s4 ,i in=m$ !m t we 7 expect+ our /eam] ! ,peace1 & !y mu/ n %ut h] out or we %\ld run %ort ( provision & b>t] goods4 8,we w leave an op5+ = y\r /eam]10 !y assur$ me z !y cont9u$ ! c]emony4 ,a c\ple ( days aft]w>ds a ,/ate /eam] came 9 sight1 ! v k9d ( /eam] !y want$ to keep out4 8,h[ did t /eam] pass y\r s&banks80 ,i quietly ask$4 8,oh10 !y repli$ non*alantly1 8"s mis*iev\s boy mu/ h bewit*$ our l9e ( s&banks & caus$ sev]al op5+s40 ,i h nev] f\nd !m lack+ a loophole out ( difficulties ( ?is k9d4 ,!re are v>i\s prev5tive *>ms to ma9ta9 !m 9 good heal?1 to w>d (f ! return ( a sickness1 pres]ve !m f w\nds1 & to protect _! prop]ty4 ,a cross-/ick on uprights 7call$ mok&o71 rubb$ ) r$ camwood p[d] & arrang$ ) a noose to cat* wit*es t try to ent] a h\se or village1 is reg>d$ z a heal?-pres]v] to a h\sehold & to a community4 ,or a m$ic9e man c take c]ta9 /alks1 or any?+ else to h&1 & aft] putt+ a *>m into x he c lay x along or across any pa?1 & nei!r wit* nor disembodi$ _s desir+ to commit evil 9 ! village w be able to cross ?is *>m 7jeko7 into ! village4 ,a =k$ /ick 7mutumu7 is c>ri$ by a man :o has _h rheumatism z a *>m aga9/ ! return ( ! compla9t2 b if ! /ick is t\*$ by anyone else1 or brok51 ! man w h a s]i\s relapse4 ,a brass r+ ) a few wood knots ?read$ on x1 or a piece ( /r+ ) knots ti$ 9 x1 are bo? us$ = cur+ & = prev5t+ di>rha1 especially 9 *ildr54 ,! mpete is a *>m to pres]ve ! own] f be+ w\nd$ 9 a fight1 b = x to be effective ! own]'s wives mu/ rema9 fai?ful :ile he is at ! w>4 ,?is "n is also giv5 to ! brass ornam5ts on a ,/ate (fic]'s helmet & uni=m1 z ! natives :5 fir/ !y saw !m ?\ght !y 7 *>ms worn by ! :ite m5 to pres]ve !m f w\nds1 & n z decorations or insignia ( rank4 ,!re is also a *>m t is suppos$ to r5d] ! own] invuln]able to all weapons us$ 9 fights & qu>rels4 ,a native does n own v mu* prop]ty1 b :at little he has he desires to keep1 s !re are *>ms = t purpose4 ,a planta9 /alk b\nd ) ! prop] m$ic9e is a *>m to pres]ve its own]'s canoe f be+ swamp$ 9 a /orm4 ,x is n necess>y to h x 7! mokombe7 9 ! canoe at ! "t1 = x c act ?r\gh any reasonable di/ance ( space4 ,! py?on *>m 7nguma7 is reg>d$ z a p[]ful *>m = protect+ weal? & slaves2 & %\ld ei!r be lo/ x has ! reputation ( re/or+ !m quickly to _! own]4 ,!re is a g5]al *>m 7nseka7 = pres]v+ prop]ty f robb]y & de/ruction4 ,x is made ( any?+ accord+ to ! pref]5ce ( its us]1 z %ells1 leaves1 sk9s1 etc4 ,su* a *>m is frequ5tly c>ri$ ?r\gh ! t[n to notify t some?+ has be5 /ol5 & to br+ a curse on ! ?ief1 & !n x is p>tly made ( ! same mat]ial z ! ?+ /ol54 ,*>ms are plac$ r\nd ! f>ms to m>k ! b\nd>ies ( a field belong+ to "o woman f t ( ano!r1 & also to protect ! produce f ?ieves4 ,! *>ms !n employ$ seem to be almo/ any?+2 b ^? mo/ frequ5tly se5 are l>ge univalve snail %ells1 bivalve %ells l mussels1 pieces ( cactus1 bits ( rags1 old calaba%es1 etc41 ^! are all ti$ on /icks /uck 9 ! gr\nd & ! *>ms dangle to & fro 9 ! breeze4 ,:5 a woman runs away1 h] husb& takes h] nail-p>+s & hair-cutt+s1 :i* he has ga!r$ = ?is & o!r purposes1 to a m$ic9e man1 :o puts !m into a sk9 ) m$ic9e & returns !m to him4 ,! husb& ) ?is *>m 9 8 possession takes a leaf1 spreads x on ! clos$ fi/ ( 8 left h& & /rikes x ) ! palm ( 8 "r h&1 & says3 8,if my wife /ops to eat at ! place to :i* %e has run1 let h] die quickly40 ,! same c]emony is p]=m$ to ensure ! return ( a runaway slave1 or to inflict h>m on anyone ) :om ! own] ( ?is special *>m 7nam$ likunda7 has qu>rell$2 consequ5tly natives c>efully de/roy all _! hair-cutt+s & nail-p>+s s t no "o may ga9 p[] ov] !m4 ,! ?ief has a *>m--a simple yell[ pigm5t--to rub on 8 temples to help him /eal cunn+ly & successfully2 b if a man desires to protect 8 prop]ty f ?is k9d ( ?ief he procures a v long1 broad-blad$ knife ) curv$ po9ts1 & on ?is he sme>s /ripes ( yell[ pigm5t1 & !n a s]i\s sickness w come ^u ! robb] :o /eals f ! own] ( su* a p[]ful *>m 7nam$ l+undu74 ,?is *>m is also us$ = two o!r purposes3 :5 x is put ne> ! door ( a sick man x w kill ! wit* t tries to ent]2 & a m$ic9e man also uses x to cut ! s\l 7elimo7 9 half to cause ! dea? ( 8 cli5t's enemy4 ,z ! yell[ pigm5t r5d]s ! ?ief invisible1 s x also r5d]s ! knife invisible1 s t ! wit* n see+ x blund]s on x & fatally cuts itself2 & ! s\l _c see x1 & c be execut$ by x :5 9 ! h&s ( ! wit*-doctor4 ,h[ does a native acc\nt = a man 7or woman7 be+ successful 9 8 und]tak+s1 =tunate 9 8 circum/ances1 & acceptable & popul> ) folk g5]ally8 ,well1 ! secret ( x is t he has a *>m 7nam$ montala7 :i* op]ates p[]fully 9 8 fav\r4 ,x is a bundle1 a horn1 or a holl[ piece ( bamboo ) m$ic9e 9 x4 ,x r5d]s its own] v attractive to wom51 to slaves1 & to ! p1 & ?us he is successful4 ,h&some1 heal?y1 prosp]\s m5 are suppos$ to be :at !y are on acc\nt ( ! b5efits be/[$ by ?is *>m4 ,:5 a son or daught] is ab\t to leave home = ano!r t[n1 or to travel & trade1 ! fa!r or ne> relative *ews ! leaves ( a c]ta9 %rub1 spits !m out on to ano!r leaf & mixes "s camwood p[d] ) ! mess1 & ! son1 or daught]1 has to rub a little ( ?is mixture 7makako7 on 8 body e day1 o!rwise he w n f9d fav\r ) ^? among :om he may live or travel4 ,nei!r a son1 nor a daught]1 w travel )\t 8 *>m4 ,! +r$i5ts ( ! love-*>m1 or philtre1 h already be5 giv5 7see ! *apt] on ,m$ic9e ,m571 & also ! me?ods ( effectively employ+ !m4 ,x is also necess>y1 accord+ to ! native view ( life1 to h *>ms to help !m 9 w>1 9 r[s1 & among _! enemies4 ,!re is a class ( *>ms t enables !m to g into ! mid/ ( _! foes & yet escape1 al?\gh !y wi% to capture !m4 ,by "o *>m ! native bewit*es ! enemy2 by ano!r he excels ! enemy 9 craft9ess & cunn+2 by ano!r he ov]awes & fasc9ates !m s t !y =get _! hatr$2 & by ano!r he becomes invisible to !m4 ,ea* man patronizes 8 own p>ticul> *>m1 "s hav+ m fai? 9 "o ?an 9 ano!r4 ,!re is also a *>m1 specially procur$ f a _s & co/+ a goodly fee1 t always enables its own] to capture "o or m prison]s 9 a fight1 & !n helps him to disappe> ) 8 captives if too closely pursu$ by ! enemy4 ,! mud-fi% is call$ njombo1 & ?is "n is giv5 to a *>m t imports ! slipp]y *>act]i/ics ( ! eel-l mud-fi%4 ,! own] ( ?is useful *>m is z difficult to hold z an eel1 & consequ5tly x is mu* 9 dem& by fight]s & ?ieves1 z x enables !m to slip out ( ! h&s ( _! captors4 ,wit*craft plays a l>ge "p 9 native life1 !re=e we f9d among !m v>i\s means ( f9d+ wit*es & c\nt]act+ _! malignant p[]s4 ,! simple/ & *eape/ me?od is to give a dr9k ( wat] f ! feti% bell to ! suspect$ p]sons--! innoc5t are n hurt & ! guilty "o dies4 ,!n !re are ! feti% saucepans ( wat] us$ by ! m$ic9e m51 9 :i* ! wit*es & evil spirits are suppos$ to appe> & ^? prov$ guilty ( wit*craft are de/roy$4 ,9 ea* case ! diff]5t spirits are call$ to ! ordeal ( ! saucepan by ! wit*-doctor putt+ a leaf on ! clos$ fi/ ( 8 left h& & /rik+ x ) ! palm ( 8 "r h&4 ,if ! leaf bur/s1 ! spirits h he>d & come at 8 bidd+2 b if ! leaf does n break aft] ?ree smacks1 he desi/s1 z ! spirits are recalcitrant4 ,:5 he wants a p>ticul> _s he calls its "n z he /rikes ! leaf4 ,:5 !re is mu* sickness 9 a family ! m$ic9e man ( ! mat is s5t = & he1 aft] /udy+ ! matt]1 says3 8,!re is a *>m work+ aga9/ ! family40 ,he erects 8 mat to =m an enclosure & goes ?r\gh a c]emony ( mu* drumm+ & *ant+1 & by & by digs a hole inside 8 mat & gets out ! *>m 7nam$ ekundu71 :i* is a saucepan conta9+ animal & fi% bones & brass l9ks4 ,! pot & cont5ts are said to belong to ! evil _s ( a deceas$ relative :o desires to tr\ble ! family4 ,! brass l9ks1 "o or m1 repres5t ^? memb]s ( ! family :o h be5 done to dea? by ! evil _s 7mweta7 s9ce ! decease ( ! wick$ relative4 7,! m$ic9e man kn[s h[ _m h di$ 9 ! family s9ce ! dea? ( ! said relative47 ,aft] remov+ ! malignant *>m f ! gr\nd1 ! evil _s ( ! dep>t$ "o has no m p[] ov] ! family4 ,sometimes ?is c]emony is p]=m$ 9 ! op51 b x ne$s m cunn+ to deceive ! spectators4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,a ,,bopoto ,,feti% ,,ensur+ ,,good ,,heal? ,,to ,,tw9s ,:5 tw9s are born ! plac5t are put into two old saucepans t are !n rais$ on =k$ /icks & plac$ on ei!r side ( ! road lead+ to ! village4 ,?is is a sign to pass]s-by t tw9s h be5 born1 & to de/roy any evil influ5ces ent]+ ! t[n t might h>m ! tw9s4 ,!re are ?ree *>ms t are reg>d$ z be+ v acceptable & pleas+ to ! spirits ( disease1 s mu* s1 t by a little p]suasion ! m$ic9e man c co]ce !m to leave _! pati5ts & take up _! resid5ce 9 ! *>ms provid$ = ! purpose4 ,! m$ic9e man procures a f\r-foot po/1 removes its b>k1 %apes x bluntly at "o end1 & pa9ts x yell[ ) spots ( r$ & blue4 ,?is *>m 7etoli7 is erect$ ne> ! h\se ( ! p]son :o is suff]+ f ei!r debility1 or rheumatism1 or lumbago1 or ague fev]1 & ! _s ( ! compla9t goes into ! po/1 & 9 ord] to keep x !re1 i4e4 to avoid a relapse1 ! man ?r[s "s food on ! ro(1 protect+ ! po/ f ! wea!r1 = ! _s to eat1 & p\rs "s sug>-cane w9e ov] ! po/ = ! _s to dr9k1 & occasionally a little camwood p[d] is rubb$ on ! po/ to keep ! _s 9 a good hum\r4 ,z ^! *>m-/icks are ! re/+-places ( spirits1 ! nic] !y are made ! bett] satisfi$ w ! spirits be to reside 9 !m in/ead ( tr\bl+ ! pati5t4 ,besides ! *>m-po/ !re are two *>ms made ( saucepans = receiv+ ! spirits ( disease & hold+ !m 9 pleasant captivity4 ,!y are bo? decorat$ ) spots ( yell[1 blue1 & r$4 ,"o 7! eboko7 is simply fill$ ) wat] f ! bu%1 & ! o!r 7muntoka7 has a numb] ( small /icks 9 x4 ,! =m] is us$ = reta9+ ! _s ( a virul5t =m ( sleep+-sickness1 & ! latt] = t ( a mild] type4 ,9 bo? cases food1 dr9k1 & camwood are suppli$ to ! spirits resid+ 9 !m2 & small ro(s ( grass are built ov] !m to protect !m f ! wea!r4 ,especially 9 ! case ( ! cov]+s = ! saucepan *>ms1 ! protect+ %elt]s look l m9iature huts1 & a casual obs]v] c\ld easily believe t !y h some?+ to d ) ance/ral wor%ip1 :]eas !y are simply ! dwell+-places ( disease-giv+ spirits1 & are *>ms to protect _! own]s f hav+ s]i\s relapses4 ,:5 a man is v unsuccessful 9 spe>+ fi%1 al?\gh 8 opportunities h be5 good1 he ?9ks t ?is lack ( success is due to a pregnant woman 9 8 family :o has n p]=m$ ! rites call$ mumbamba1 9 :i* small cuts are made on c]ta9 p>ts ( ! body & camwood p[d] & m$ic9e are rubb$ into !m4 ,:5 ?is c]emony is obs]v$ 8 luck w *ange1 s he ?9ks4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he _c discov] su* a woman 9 8 family1 he believes t !re is "o :o is hid+ ! fact1 & consequ5tly ! *>m is aga9/ him4 ,?is is (t5 a way ( cov]+ "o's ill-success4 ,murd] is a v r>e occurr5ce among ! ,boloki1 i4e4 secret murd]4 ,i nev] he>d ( a case dur+ ! fifte5 ye>s ,i 0 ) !m4 ,op5 fights & murd] 7 n at all infrequ5t1 b ,i suppose t !re mu/ h be5 cases ( secret murd]1 or !y w\ld n h a c]emony 7call$ moselo7 = detect+ ! murd]]4 ,?is feti% c]emony is p]=m$ 9 two ways3 7a7 ,a relative takes ! nail-p>+s & hair-cutt+s ( ! murd]$ man to ! wit*-doctor1 :o makes "s m$ic9e ) !m1 aft] :i* he says t ! man 0 murd]$ by someone 9 ! village4 ,a saucepan ( wat] is tak5 & plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 ! said village1 & ea* inhabitant holds 8 or h] h& ov] x1 & ! "o ^: %ad[ is se5 at ! bottom ( ! saucepan is ! murd]]4 7b7 ,! nail-p>+s & hair-cutt+s ( ! murd]$ man are roll$ 9 palm gossam]1 ti$ & laid on ! gr\nd1 z repres5t+ ! unkn[n murd]]1 9 front ( ! wit*-doctor1 :o says3 8,if ?is man eats1 or dr9ks1 or walks 9 ?is c\ntry aga91 let him be curs$ by ?is c]emony40 ,!n ! wit*-doctor br+s 8 knife d[n & cuts ! bundle 7moselo7 9 half4 ,if %ortly aft] ?is a p]son becomes sudd5ly ill ( a s]i\s compla9t & dies1 he is reg>d$ z guilty ( ! murd]1 & 8 dea? is tak5 z a pro( t ! spell has work$4 ,:5 cassava roots are dug up f ! f>m !y are put into a wat]-hole to soak = a few days until !y become s(t4 ,%\ld a woman f9d t h] roots are be+ /ol5 f ! hole %e takes a piece ( gum copal1 & fix+ x 9 ! cleft ( a split /ick %e puts x on ! side ( h] cassava hole1 & at ! same "t calls d[n a curse on ! ?ief4 ,%\ld ! ?ief be a man he w h5ce=? h no luck 9 fi%+1 & %\ld x be a woman %e w h no m success 9 f>m+4 ,e canoe be=e be+ laun*$ = ! fir/ "t is /ruck on ! /]n by ! mak] or own] ) 8 axe1 8to take away ! weight40 ,x w !n be light to paddle1 easy to bea* or to laun*1 = its dead weight has be5 remov$ by ! bl[ ) ! axe4 ,!re is no di/9ct ^w = evil eye1 b "o p]son is able to bewit* 7loka7 ! f>m ( ano!r s t ! produce1 maize1 cassava1 sug>-cane1 etc41 w n gr[4 ,to c\nt]act ! effects ( ?is bewit*m5t ! own] ( ! f>m calls a wit*-doctor1 :o knocks a /ake into ! f>m1 & if a p]son is bewit*+ ! f>m ! /ake is suppos$ to ent] t p]son1 & %e or he w soon die unless !y ab&on _! wick$ designs4 ,:5 ?r\gh ?is same =m ( wit*craft goats die (f1 or w n bre$1 ! own] seeks someone :o = a consid]ation w look aft] !m1 & ! own] w !n pret5d to sell !m to him1 s t ! "o :o is bewit*+ !m w /op 8 evil practices1 z !y n[ belong to someone else4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! goats be+ remov$ to new pa/ures become m heal?y & bre$1 & ?is is suffici5t pro( t someone 0 =m]ly bewit*+ !m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! own] _c f9d anyone :om he c tru/ to look aft] 8 goats he calls a m$ic9e man1 :o takes a "y palm1 splits x into two equal p>ts1 & places "o on ea* side ( ! road2 & !n :5 ! wit* _s comes t way & passes betwe5 ! pieces ( palm x w become sick & die4 ,! g5]al belief is t only "o 9 ! family c bewit* a memb] ( ! family2 & :o w g to ! tr\ble ( bewit*+ "o ( 8 own family unless he is to b5efit by ! dea? ( ! bewit*$ p]son8 ,& :o b5efits by ! dea? ( a fa!r or a bro!r8 ,:y1 ! son or a bro!r4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 fa!r is v ill1 ! son is reg>d$ ) suspicion1 & aft] try+ all o!r means1 su* z call+ 9 ! v>i\s m$ic9e m5 to drive out ! sickness1 ! pati5t w1 z a la/ resort1 give 8 son ! ordeal1 b n en\gh to kill him4 ,%\ld he vomit x he is innoc5t1 t is prov$ beyond d\bt & no h>m is done2 b if he does n vomit ! ordeal1 & becomes daz$ & /upid--well1 he is simply ! m$ium by :i* ! occult p[]s are work+ on 8 relative1 & ! ordeal w cle> su* dang]\s p[]s out ( 8 sy/em1 & be+ no long] able to "w ?r\gh him z a m$ium ! fa!r or bro!r w recov]4 ,! lad is t5d$ until ! effects ( ! ordeal drug h pass$ away1 !n he is w>n$ n to all[ 8 body to be us$ aga9 = su* purposes & he is set free2 & he is look$ ^u by 8 playmates 9 ! village ) z mu* curiosity z a boy j out ( hospital ) a brok5 leg4 ,! boy's excuse is1 & x is readily accept$ by all1 t he 0 full ( wit*craft & did n "k x4 ,i "k a case ( a *eeky ur*9 :o receiv$ a box on ! e>s f 8 uncle1 & ! y\ng/] turn$ r\nd & said3 8,i w bewit* y40 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ! uncle fell sick1 & 9 spite ( rem$ies & 8doctors0 he cont9u$ ill2 b at la/ he made ! boy take ! ordeal1 & n vomit+ x he 0 consid]$ guilty ( bewit*+ 8 uncle4 ,! boy 0 well ?ra%$1 & 8 fa!r _h to pay #bjj brass rods to ! m$ic9e man = adm9i/]+ ! ordeal4 ,?is puni%m5t 0 inflict$ n because ! ordeal prov$ t ! lad 0 guilty1 b because ( 8 insol5t ?reat1 & to tea* him to let o!r folk alone4 ,! uncle pull$ up 8 h\ses & w5t to live at ! o!r end ( ! t[n beyond ! lad's influ5ce4 ,?is uncle soon aft] m>ri$ ano!r wife1 :o _h a "y bro!r :o 0 a s*ol> 9 my s*ool4 ,"o day ! uncle came ask+ me = ?is lad t he might give him ! ordeal4 ,i refus$ to h& him ov] = su* a purpose1 & 8,besides10 ,i said1 8he does n belong to y\r family10 = ,i _h n he>d ( ! m>riage4 8,yes1 he does10 ! man repli$2 8,i h m>ri$ 8 si/]1 & he is bewit*+ me ?r\gh 8 si/]1 :o is n[ my wife4 ,my nephew1 :o took ! ordeal "s "t ago1 says t he has pass$ on ! wit*craft to my "y bro!r-9-law40 ,x ?us appe>s t a mis*iev\s boy c say t he has pass$ on 8 wit*craft to ano!r lad & s br+ tr\ble on t y\ng/]4 ,?is uncle 0 cont9ually bo!r+ me ab\t ^! lads1 & at la/1 to avoid fur!r tr\ble1 ,i s5t !m1 ) _! full cons5t1 to "w on "o ( our o!r /ations _m miles d[n-riv]1 & ! uncle 0 mu* reliev$4 ,! uncle 9 8 new locality surr\nd$ himself ) _m *>ms1 b he did n live _m ye>s4 ,he 0 n physically /rong1 & e *>m he possess$ 0 to gu>d him f a compla9t1 or to pres]ve him f wit*craft4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,dea? ,,& ,,burial ,?ree causes ( dea?--,by act ( ,god--,by ano!r's wit*craft--,by "o's own wit*craft--,an explosion--,decorat+ ! corpse--fee to view ! body--,smok+ ! body--,mak+ c(f9s--,?ree k9ds ( graves--,kill+ slaves--,bury+ wom5 alive--,signs ( m\rn+--,! ne!r _w--,suicides--,fun]al dance = a man--,dance = a woman4 ,!re are ?ree causes ( dea? well recogniz$ among ! ,boloki3 ,to die by an act ( ,god2 to die by ano!r's wit*craft2 & to die by "o's own wit*craft4 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo ! fir/ & second causes ( dea? are ackn[l$g$1 b ,i nev] he>d !re ( a p]son dy+ by 81 or h]1 own wit*craft4 ,9 cases ( accid5tal dea?1 z caus$ by ! swamp+ ( a canoe 9 a /orm1 !y say t ,god has caus$ ! dea?4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( fatalism 9 ?is /atem5t2 b o!r accid5ts 9 :i* !y obs]ve :at !y consid] exceptional circum/ances1 z ! upsett+ ( a canoe by a hippopotamus or by a crocodile1 !y place to ! acc\nt ( wit*craft4 ,?us a canoe swamp$ 9 a /orm is 8an act ( ,god10 b a canoe upset by a crocodile is 8an act ( wit*craft10 z no crocodile w upset a canoe unless x is told to d s by a wit*1 or unless a wit* has gone into ! creature & compels x to commit ! outrage2 !re=e x is necess>y to discov] ! wit* & puni% ! p]son :o h>b\rs su* an evil _s4 ,! ^w = sorr[ is nkele1 :i* really means ang]1 indignation1 & ! idea is t !y are 8angry0 t _! relative has be5 done to dea? by ! wit*4 ,i tri$ v h>d1 b ,i f\nd no o!r ^w = grief1 sorr[1 etc41 at ! dea? ( anyone ?an ?is ^w nkele or ang]--a v sugge/ive sidelight on ! native view ( dea?4 ,on ! dea? ( a sick man ! body is op5$1 & ! art]ies connect$ ) ! liv] are exam9$ by a wit*-doctor1 & if !y are full1 or only "o is empty1 !n ! deceas$ 0 bewit*$ to dea?1 i4e4 he di$ by wit*craft 7awi moy5gwa72 & consequ5tly someone is accus$1 & ! ordeal is adm9i/]$ to "o p]son aft] ano!r until ! guilty p>ty is discov]$1 i4e4 until someone succumbs to ! ordeal1 & falls intoxicat$ by x to ! gr\nd4 ,!re is ano!r view ( dea? held by ! ,boloki folk1 & express$ 9 ! phrase awi na likundu1 :i* means t ! p]son di$ by 8 own wit*craft1 or he 7or %e7 tri$ to kill someone else by wit*craft1 & ! o!r p]son's protective *>ms1 etc41 7 too /rong1 & x has result$ 9 ! bewit*]'s own dea?4 ,! ^w likundu lit]ally means sm>tness1 craft9ess1 skill1 occult p[]1 be+ too clev]4 ,! wit*-doctor decides ! matt]1 = he holds a k9d ( po/-mortem on ! corpse1 & if ! art]ies ne> ! liv] are empty1 !n ! man di$ z a result ( 8 own wit*craft4 ,if "o art]y only is empty1 t c\nts = no?+ & is disreg>d$1 b if f\r or five are empty ! wit*-doctor says3 8,t10 po9t+ to "o1 8is ! secret p[] by :i* he s skilfully made canoes1 or work$ at 8 smi?+0 7accord+ z ! man 0 a canoe mak] or blacksmi?72 8t "o is ! p[] by :i* he 0 successful 9 fi%+0 7or hunt+1 & s on72 8& t o!r "o is ! p[] by :i* he bewit*$ p1 h5ce someone ) /rong] occult p[] has ov]come & kill$ him1 or he has di$ by 8 own wit*craft40 ,if only "o art]y is empty1 t is all[able1 z a man mu/ h skill to d ord9>y ?+s l o!r folk1 b if sev]al are empty1 !n he _h m ?an 8 %>e ( clev]ness1 or occult p[]1 & no "o pities him 9 8 dea?4 ,! foll[+ is an illu/ration ( ! wide-rea*+ effects ( wit*craft among ! natives ( ,africa3 ,"s ye>s ago ! /eam] ,matadi 0 ly+ (f ! ,engli% ,trad+ ,h\se at ,boma1 & "o night ! :ole t[n 0 ar\s$ by a t]rific explosion4 ,x 0 f\nd on inve/igation t ! gunp[d] on bo>d ! s4s4 ,matadi _h explod$1 & two or ?ree :ite p & =ty 8,kroo boys0 7m5 engag$ on ! ,kroo coa/ to "w ! c>go7 7 kill$4 ,dur+ ! inquiry t foll[$ x came out t ! 8,kroo boys10 :ile se>*+ ! hold ) a nak$ light1 _h accid5tally set fire to ! p[d]4 ,_m mon?s aft]w>ds we he>d incid5tally f o!r 8,kroo boys0 t a big wit* palav] _h be5 held 9 ! ,kroo c\ntry & ov] fifty p _h be5 done to dea? = bewit*+ ! 8,kroo boys0 to dea? on ! s4s4 ,matadi by caus+ ! explosion ( ! gunp[d] by _! wit*craft4 ,! ,kroo coa/ is _m hundr$s ( miles f ! ,congo1 & ! probability is t n "o ( ^? :o di$ by ! ordeal 9 ! ,kroo c\ntry _h ev] be5 9 ,congol&4 ,relatives att5d ! sick & nurse !m fai?fully2 & x is a sign ( true fri5d%ip to visit a sick acqua9tance1 or to s5d regul>ly & inquire aft] 8 heal?4 ,! wom5 are s fond ( att5d+ ! sick1 i4e4 sitt+ 9 ! h\se1 sugge/+ *>ms1 rem$ies1 etc41 & giv+ advice1 t !y (t5 neglect _! f>m "w & v>i\s duties4 ,:5 a man ( any importance dies1 ^? :o are exp]t 9 ! art ( decorat+ corpses att5d & decorate ! body ) col\r$ pigm5ts1 beads1 c[ry %ells1 & f9e clo?2 & ! arti/s *>ge two brass rods p] p]son to view ! body4 ,! family supply ! clo?s1 pigm5ts--arnotta dye1 *alk1 r$ camwood p[d]1 blue & yell[ e>?s1 beads1 %ells1 bottles1 & look+-glasses4 ,! figure is (t5 fix$ 9 a sitt+ position ) a bottle 9 "o h&1 z ?\gh dr9k+1 & a look+-glass 9 ! o!r1 z ?\gh he 7 admir+ 8 decorations4 ,!y aim at pos+ ! figure 9 z natural a position z possible1 b ! effect is gha/ly on a civiliz$ m9d4 ,! arti/s give _! "t & skill to ! family = a small fee1 & take z _! p]quisites ! brass rods paid to view ! picturesque 787 corpse4 ,! side ( ! h\se is remov$ ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,me?od ,,( ,,behead+ ,,on ,,! ,,upp] ,,congo ,?is sc5e 0 arrang$ = ! photo4 ,9 ! real ?+ a sapl+ is pull$ ov] & ! rope ti$1 s t :5 ! sapl+ is releas$ x spr+s up & draws ! neck ( ! victim taut4 to give m light on ! body1 & ! wall remov$ =ms1 ) sev]al mats1 ! scre5 enclos+ ! decorat$ corpse4 ,p come f miles ar\nd to view ! sight1 & ! m orig9al ! pose ! ri*] ! h>ve/ ( brass rods ga!r$ by ! lucky arti/s4 ,! pigm5ts & b>t] goods on a decorat$ body co/ approximately #ajjj brass rods1 or ab\t #c1 a v l>ge sum = ^! p1 b f _! po9t ( view x is wor? ! exp5diture1 = by giv+ ! deceas$ su* a f9e s5d-(f to ! ne!r regions !y give no excuse to 8 _s to tr\ble !m lat] ) diseases & mis=tune4 ,z a rule ! body is buri$ )9 ?ree days aft] dea?1 & by t "t x is v necess>y4 ,:51 h[ev]1 = v>i\s reasons--z lack ( means to provide a good fun]al--x is n conv5i5t to bury ! deceas$ s soon1 !y take out ! entrails & bury !m1 place ! corpse on a frame1 light a fire "u x1 & ?or\ghly smoke-dry x2 & 9 ?is way !y are able to keep x = a m conv5i5t "t--?is may be a matt] ( weeks1 & ev5 mon?s4 ,! dri$ body is ti$ 9 mats1 put 9 a r\ghly-made hut1 & a fire is occasionally made "u x4 ,ano!r mode is z foll[s3 ,! body is ti$ 9 mats & buri$ 9 an ord9>y b %all[ grave1 a big fire is made on ! top ( ! grave to dry up ! moi/ure 9 ! body1 & to pres]ve x4 ,at a m suitable "t a c(f9 is made & ! corpse buri$ prop]ly2 ?is is call$ likaku4 ,c(f9s are (t5 made out ( old canoes by m5 :o g ab\t ! di/rict = t purpose4 ,consid]+ ! mat]ial & tools !y are well made1 ! v>i\s pieces fitt+ closely toge!r4 ,^! native 8und]tak]s10 on arriv+ at ! place :]e _! s]vices are requir$1 put up a f5ce ( mats s z to make a private work%op4 ,!y *>ge s mu* = ! job & are kept 9 food & dr9k1 & any dogs1 goats1 etc41 t pu% op5 ! mats & ent] ! work%op are liable to confiscation if _! inquisitiv5ess causes !m to p]si/ 9 ent]+ aft] !y h be5 driv5 away twice4 ,! c(f9s are sometimes l9$ & cov]$ ) *eap clo?1 b m (t5 !y are /a9$ ) arnotta dye & ornam5t$ ) yell[ & blue pigm5ts4 ,all ! mat]ials are suppli$ by ! family4 ,clumsily-made native nails1 or wood5 p9s1 are us$1 unless !y c procure nails f ! ne>e/ :ite man4 ,sometimes ! p>ts are lac$ toge!r4 ,poor] folk are rubb$ ) oil1 & r$ camwood p[d]1 b\nd r\nd ) clo?1 & ti$ up 9 a mat2 & ^? :o are v poor are simply ti$ 9 _! sleep+-mats2 a corpse is r>ely ?r[n into ! riv] or bu%4 ,:5 ! "t = burial arrives ! c(f9 is c>ri$ r\nd ! t[n on exhibition1 !n ! corpse is plac$ 9 x1 & m5 convey x to ! place ( int]m5t1 foll[$ by relatives1 male & female--n wives--fri5ds & t[nsfolk g5]ally2 ! wives rema9 beh9d to cont9ue ! m\rn+4 ,a p]son (t5 dies away f 8 h\se1 & sometimes away f 8 t[n4 ,! body is br\ght home & buri$--if a free man or woman--9 8 or h] h\se2 b a slave is buri$ on ! edge ( ! bu%1 or 9 any conv5i5t place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grave ,,= ,a ,,weal?y ,,man ,! graves are ( ?ree k9ds3 7#a7 ,:5 ! grave is dug deep en\gh a cutt+ is made at ! side 9 :i* to lay ! corpse s t ! e>? does n press on ! body1 ?us3 7#b7 ,a not* is cut 9 ! e>? along ! two sides ab\t two feet f ! bottom ( ! grave1 & planks or /icks are laid across aft] ! body is put 9 position1 & ! e>? is ?r[n on ! /icks4 7,a & ,b are not*es or l$ges to take planks or /icks47 ,by ?is means also ! e>? is kept f contact ) ! c(f94 7#c7 ,an ord9>y /raight-sid$ hole1 & ! e>? put on ! body4 #a & #b are = important m5--^? ^: families c af=d to pay = a c(f91 & !y d n want x spoil$ at once by hav+ ! clay--g5]ally v wet--?r[n on x2 & ,no4 #c is = ! common p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grave ,,= ,a ,,weal?y ,,man ,!re is no special "t = bury+1 & no p>ticul> position = ! grave & corpse4 ,i h kn[n !m to bury _! dead at diff]5t times1 9 ! morn+1 aft]noon1 & ev5+4 ,mo/ly bodies are buri$ 9 "o or o!r ( ! h\ses 7or v ne> to !m7 belong+ to ! deceas$1 consequ5tly ! position ( ! grave dep5ds on :e!r ! h\se runs ea/ & we/1 or nor? & s\?1 or :e!r ! r[ ( h\ses own$ by ! deceas$ is p>allel or at "r angles to ! riv]4 ,9 ! old days x 0 ! cu/om to kill two slaves & put "o "u ! head z a pill[ & "o "u ! feet ( ! corpse4 ,9 e family ( importance !re 0 a slave wife :o w5t by ! "n ( mwila ndako1 & x indicat$ t %e 0 to be buri$ alive ) h] dead husb&4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is wife _h a *ild be=e h] husb& di$1 !n ano!r woman took h] place--a "y woman 0 g5]ally select$ = ?is d\btful hon\r4 ,! numb] ( wives buri$ 9 ! grave 0 9 proportion to ! man's weal? & importance1 b he always made c]ta9 ( "o--! mwila ndako4 ,we 7 able ev5tually to p]suade !m to ab&on ?is cu/om1 b x 0 n until we _h ga9$ _! confid5ce & good-w by long resid5ce among !m4 ,a man :ile m\rn+ = a relative or a wife we>s rags1 or an old /r+ fi%-net1 & all[s 8 body to g unrubb$ ) oil & camwood p[d]4 ,utt] disreg>d ( "o's p]sonal appe>ance is a sign ( great grief = ! dep>t$4 ,at times m5 we> wom5's dresses in/ead ( _! own 9 tok5 ( _! sorr[1 & !y %ave (f only half ! hair ( ! head1 or tie ! hair up 9 little bun*es or knots & %ave ! hair (f ! spaces betwe5 ! knots2 & "s rub _! bodies ) clay4 ,! modes are _m & v>i\s1 accord+ to ! ne>ness or remot5ess ( ! relation%ip4 ,9 "s cases !y exhibit real sorr[1 b 9 ! majority ( cases !re is m noise & %[ ?an true grief4 ,r>ely does a man give way to cry+2 & if 8 de>e/ fri5d dies 7n 8 relative7 he exhibits no sign ( m\rn+1 n because he does n feel sorry1 b because he does n desire to attract att5tion to himself z a p]son :o m\rns = "o :o is n 8 relative4 ,x w\ld be mo/ unusual1 & besides1 if he has signs ( m\rn+ ab\t him1 ! folk w be con/antly /opp+ him & inquir+ ( him :i* ( 8 family is dead4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,kirkl& ,,head-,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,wife ,?is man 01 to "s ext5t1 responsible = ! transport ( ,/ate goods & messages betwe5 ,n\velles ,anv]s on ! ,congo & ,bosis]a on ! ,lake4 ,! woman has ! spiral r+s on h] legs1 & h] feet are greatly swoll5 by reason ( ! heavy r+s4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few h\rs aft] a woman's dea? ne>ly all h] female relatives & neighb\rs cry z ?\gh _! he>ts are brok52 b ! next day !y comm5ce danc+1 & cont9ue to d s at %ort int]vals = five or six days4 ,! husb& hires a pr(essional danc] to act z ma/] ( ! c]emonies4 ,^u ! dea? ( a man 8 wid[s cry & dr9k wat] mix$ ) clay1 ei!r dress !mselves 9 a few leaves or /rip !mselves absolutely nude & rub dirt on ! body 7sometimes only half ! body is cov]$ ) clay & ! o!r half left its natural col\r1 giv+ a v grotesque appe>ance to ! m\rn]71 !n tak+ some?+ belong+ to _! late husb& !y p>ade ! t[n 9 pret5d$ se>* = him4 ,aft] ! fun]al !y sit 9 _! h\ses1 or inside a r\gh grass scre51 = five or six days1 until ! si/] ( ! deceas$ man gives !m p]mission to leave _! h\ses1 & !n = ab\t six weeks or two mon?s !y walk only 9 ! 8bu%10 & if !y he> anyone com+ !y hide1 & dur+ ?is "t !y may n walk ab\t ! t[n4 ,!n = ano!r ?ree mon?s !y we> long1 untidy-look+ grass clo?s4 ,if _! late husb& 0 a great hunt]1 !n ! wid[s w n eat meat dur+ ! p]iod ( m\rn+2 b %\ld !y dur+ ?is p]iod 8live well10 ! deceas$ man's si/] or daught] w upbraid !m = n m\rn+ prop]ly1 & ! folk 9 ! t[n w reg>d !m z call\s1 h>d-he>t$ wom51 & ! public op9ion ( ! di/rict w condemn !m4 ,! new wid[s are n suppos$ to g to ! f>ms or engage 9 any ( _! =m] occupations1 & z _! visits to ! f>ms are v irregul> _! supply ( food is meagre1 s !y are said 8to fa/0 dur+ ! p]iod ( m\rn+4 ,at ! end ( ! m\rn+ & fa/+ !y wa%1 don _! bett] dresses1 & are di/ribut$ among ! heirs ( _! deceas$ husb&1 i4e4 among 8 sons4 ,at ! fun]al ( a man !re is m or less fir+ ( guns1 accord+ to ! importance ( ! deceas$4 ,?is !y say is to ensure = him a good entrance into ! ne!r _w1 a place situat$ some:]e bel[4 ,! dep>t$ spirits 9 ! ne!r _w1 he>+ ! fir+1 ga!r ab\t ! entrance to welcome ! new arrival4 ,"s say t ! _s ( ! deceas$ 8hov]s ne> ! entrance0 7o!rs say 8ne> to ! body107 :ile !y decorate ! body1 dig ! grave1 kill ! slaves1 prep>e ! wife :o is to accompany him2 !n comes ! fir+1 ! entrance to ! ne!r _w1 & ! welcome4 ,if ! deceas$ 0 a great fight] ! family arranges a %am fight 9 8 hon\r1 & ^! %am fights occasionally take place = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,! names ( ! dead are freely m5tion$ = a few weeks aft] dea?1 & su* names are ev5 pass$ on to *ildr5 if !re is any lik5ess ( ! *ild to ! deceas$2 & "s natives h a mi/y idea ( ! possibility ( ! rebir? ( ! deceas$ 9 ! *ild :o be>s ! lik5ess4 ,if a slave commits suicide 8 ma/] w ?r[ 8 body into ! riv]2 b a free man :o commits suicide is buri$ 9 a %all[ grave ) little or no c]emony1 because he has di$ by 8 own h&4 ,suicide1 h[ev]1 is extremely r>e among ! ,boloki4 ,wom5 are buri$ ) ! same c]emony z a man1 & 9 accordance ) _! position 9 ! t[n4 ,!re are two dances t %\ld be m5tion$ 9 connection ) _! fun]al rites3 ,! fir/ is nam$ ebala4 ,directly a man ( any position dies ! family ord]s sug>-cane w9e1 :i* takes a few days to prep>e 9 any l>ge quantity4 ,z soon z ! w9e is ready a l>ge h>dwood drum is beat51 & ! m5 & wom5 dance = ?ree days & nights1 or z long z ! w9e la/s4 ,l9es are =m$ & a man leaves ! l9e & advances1 & a woman leaves ! l9e opposite & advances to )9 a y>d ( ! man1 !re !y wriggle1 %uffle _! feet1 %ake _! bodies = a few mom5ts1 & return to _! places1 & ano!r c\ple advance1 & ?us all d[n ! l9e ov] & ov] aga94 ,x is a regul> wake1 accompani$ by mu* drunk5ness & immorality--! =m] op5ly1 ! latt] "u cov]4 ,! second dance is muntembe1 f ntembe /ems ( cassava plants4 ,:5 a woman dies :o is held 9 mu* hon\r by ! o!r wom5 9 ! t[n z a good f>m]1 "o :o has taught !m mu* & frequ5tly ab\t f>m+1 & "u ^: lead]%ip !y h be5 successful 9 _! op]ations1 ! o!r wom5 w1 a few days aft] su* a "o's dea?1 =m a procession1 decorate !mselves ) leaves1 twigs1 & creep]s1 & dance & *ant h] praises ?r\gh ! t[n4 ,at ! close ( ! dance !y g 9 a body to ! f>m ( ! deceas$ woman & hoe & plant a l>ge pat* ( cassava = ! use ( h] family4 ,! family supplies ! danc]s ) sug>-cane w9e = ?is fe/ivity4 ,9 #ahij ,i saw 9 ,bonjoko--a t[n j bel[ ,monsembe--! entrance1 #f feet by #h feet1 to a h\se pav$ ) skulls2 & x 0 cu/om>y n only to use skulls 9 ?is way1 b also to put ! skulls ( enemies at ! base ( palm trees & to use !m z foot-/ools4 ,! desire 01 by ^! indignities1 to insult ! fall5 enemy & to ma9ta9 "s hold on ! spirits ( ^? sla9 9 w> t !y might att5d _! conqu]or 9 ! _s-l&4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,native ,,diseases ,,& ,,_! ,,treatm5t ,:ite & black magic--,alb9os--,causes ( disease--,^? easy to diagnose--,non-pr(essional heal]s--,discov]+ a tr\blesome _s--,v>i\s rem$ies--,cupp+--,! cly/]--,ligatures = snake-bites--,snake-m5--,rubb+ ?+s out ( a pati5t--,ignorance ( physiology--,:ite man's difficulty--,dang]s ( buffalo-hunt+--,ravages ( crocodiles--,escap+ crocodiles4 ,! m$ic9e man's :ite magic1 i4e4 ^? means employ$ = cur+ ! p ( _! m5tal & bodily ailm5ts1 may1 to u1 seem fooli% & inadequate1 b !re is no?+ to condemn 9 its practice except t x (t5 deceives ! p4 ,:e!r ! m$ic9e man deceives himself--believes 9 himself or n--is ano!r matt]4 ,und\bt$ly1 ?r\gh g5]ations ( inh]it$ k conc]n+ h]bs1 etc41 !y possess "s rem$ies t d _! pati5ts good2 & !re are _m fai? cures--! results ( an implicit belief 9 ! m$ic9e man & ! means he uses4 ,i h notic$ t ! ,congo m$ic9e man cures j t class ( ailm5ts t ! diff]5t bran*es ( 8fai? heal]s0 cure 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! ,congo sy/em ( :ite magic is f\nd$ on quack]y1 b l quack]y 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w ! rem$y sometimes meets ! disease1 & su* successes are rememb]$ & talk$ ab\t1 :ile ! _m failures are =gott54 ,black magic1 i4e4 ^? means employ$ = inflict+ pa91 mis=tune1 & dea? on an enemy1 is to be f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! ,congo4 ,al?\gh black magic is s widely practis$1 yet x is condemn$ by ! natives 9 z /rong language z t us$ by ! :ite man4 ,e native condemns x 9 ev]ybody else1 & excuses x 9 himself4 ,^? :o practise x mu/ d s 9 secret1 or ! hatr$ ( ! village & ! di/rict w fall ^u !m4 ,9 ! ,app5dix w be f\nd a fairly complete li/#db ( ! diseases f :i* ! p suff]4 ,9 addition to ! compla9ts !re m5tion$1 ! natives suff] f /oma*a*e1 too?a*e1 sor5ess ( gums1 sympa!tic buboes1 ulc]s caus$ by jigg]s 7*igoes71 etc41 ! *ildr5 f w9d1 tee?+1 convulsions1 etc4 ,footnote #db3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #e1 page #cde4 ,!re are r>e cases ( alb9os 7yeme71 & !y are reg>d$ ) respect1 & al?\gh !y m>ry1 yet !re are _m wom5 :o1 ?r\gh fe>1 refuse to h !m4 ,! sk9 is a dirty :ite ) a di/9ct t9t ( p9k 9 x4 ,! hair is curly & v light1 ) a gl9t ( r$1 & ! eyes are r$ & intol]ant ( light4 ,alb9os are some:at repulsive look+1 & "o is glad to turn ! eyes quickly 9 ano!r direction4 ,^? ,i h se5 7 m51 well-develop$ & heal?y look+1 except t ! sk9 _h a pimply ra% on x1 :i* may h be5 due to ! /rong rays ( ! sun on a delicate sk94 ,!y suff] consid]ably f ! direct rays ( ! sun on _! sk91 probably z mu* z a :ite man w\ld suff] :o _h to g ab\t 9 tropical ,africa 9 a nude condition4 ,among ! p !re are cases ( auburn hair1 b ! eyes are n diff]5t f ^? ( o!r p4 ,) ! exception ( sup]num]>y toes & f+]s1 ! de=mities ,i h se5 h be5 due to disease4 ,p ) a sore on ! "u "p ( ! heel (t5 walk on ! toes1 or side ( ! foot1 s long t at la/ !y are unable to walk prop]ly4 ,! ,boloki attribute diseases to sev]al causes1 su* z brok5 taboos1 curses1 wit*craft1 to disembodi$ spirits 7m+oli71 to ! spirits ( disease 7mte71 i4e4 ^? spirits t give individual compla9ts1 to ^? spirits 7mieta7 t give family compla9ts or epidemics1 & to ! _s 7ejo7 ( weal?1 :i* inflicts sev]e diseases1 & :5 ! suff]] dies he 7or %e7 is reg>d$ z tak5 by ?is _s1 or1 z sacrific$ to ! _s ( weal?4 ,! g5]al "n = m$ic9e is mono1 & x may mean a daub ( simple pigm5t on ! affect$ "p1 a p\ltice ( leaves1 or a complicat$ concoction t has tak5 a long "t to prep>e & "s ?\ght to arrange4 ,x w be se5 f a /udy ( _! diseases t !y fall into two classes3 7#a7 ,^? ( :i* ! symptoms are obs]vable & easily diagnos$1 z di>rha1 insanity1 etc42 & 7#b7 ,^? ( :i* ! symptoms are difficult to diagnose1 z great debility1 sleep+-sickness1 etc4 ,! =m] are reg>d$ z simple sicknesses1 call$ bokono2 b ! latt] are put to ! cr$it ( ! v>i\s spirits1 or to ! malignant influ5ce ( wit*craft4 ,:5 ! sickness is simple 7bokono71 h]bs are employ$1 m$ic9es prep>$1 & taboos impos$ on ! pati5t2 :51 h[ev]1 ! illness is caus$ by "o or o!r ( ! spirits1 !n a m$ic9e man ^: "w x is to deal ) t p>ticul> _s is call$4 ,! functions ( ! v>i\s wit*-doctors h already be5 describ$1 & also ( ! spirits t ei!r s5d or imp>t diseases4 ,"s sicknesses are especially reg>d$ z ! result ( break+ a cov5ant & fall+ "u ! curse t foll[s1 z dys5t]y2 or z ! result ( a brok5 treaty1 z w\nds & dea? 9 a fight2 or z ! consequ5ces ( a wife's unfai?fulness :ile ! husb& is away at a fight1 z sev]e w\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ! ,au?or ,,me?od ,,( ,,secur+ ,a ,,prison] ,! tall] lad tri$ to escape f 8 ma/]1 b 0 captur$ & h&cuff$4 ,! small] lad1 ^: loyalty 0 und\bt$1 0 a slave ( ! same ma/]4 ,= sev]al weeks !y 7 fa/5$ to ea* o!r4 ,dur+ my resid5ce among ! ,boloki1 al?\gh _m folk submitt$ to ! ordeal = v>i\s reasons1 & among o!rs = bewit*+ p1 yet ,i he>d ( only "o or two tak+ x = bewit*+ a p]son to dea?4 ,! v]dict g5]ally giv5 by ! wit*-doctor is3 ,he di$ by 8 own wit*craft :ile try+ to bewit* someone else4 ,& _m a "t ,i h he>d ! fri5ds ( ! deceas$ prote/ aga9/ ?is *>ge--= !y consid]$ x an insult to ! memory ( _! dep>t$ fri5d--& insi/ t he di$ 8by an act ( ,god40 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,boloki ,,woman ,,dress+ ,,h] ,,husb&',s ,,hair ,x x "o ( ! duties ( a wife to comb out & plait h] husb&'s hair4 ,sometimes %e %aves ! head1 =m+ cresc5ts1 squ>es1 diamonds1 etc41 accord+ to ! patt]n 9 fa%ion at ! "t4 ,9 simple compla9ts m$ic9es are prep>$ f h]bs = inw>d & outw>d applications1 fom5tations are appli$1 & massage is employ$1 & 9 _m cases *>ms & amulets are suppli$ to ! pati5t4 ,9 ! m s]i\s k9ds ( illness1 z smallpox1 dropsy1 etc41 a p]son :o has recov]$ f ! sickness v (t5 sets up z a heal] ( ! same--= :o kn[s bett] h[ to cure an illness ?an he 7or %e7 :o has _h x8 ,^! heal]s ( specific diseases are n wit*-doctors1 nor are !y1 by ! natives1 respect$ z su*2 & if !y fail to cure1 ! pati5t is remov$ to a m$ic9e man z ! la/ resort4 ,! fees ( ! =m] are z mod]ate z a quack doctor's comp>$ ) ! fees ( a pr(essional man4 ,( ^! heal]s !re is a l>ge numb]1 & x is impossible to give an outl9e ( _! practices1 = ea* foll[s 8 7or h]7 own me?od1 & tries to keep t me?od a secret2 & ev5 :5 fom5tations or h]b decoctions are us$1 ! +r$i5ts are kn[n only to ! comp\nd]4 ,simple massage is a fav\rite op]ation1 & seems to be mu* enjoy$ by ! pati5ts2 & its curative qualities are n plac$ to ! cr$it ( friction1 w>m?1 or magnetism1 b to ! feti% p[] ( ! rubb]4 ,z /at$ above1 mo/ ( ! diseases 9 ! li/ are reg>d$ z bokono simple sickness1 illness1 compla9t2 & x is only :5 !y d n yield to ord9>y1 simple treatm5t t !y are view$ m s]i\sly z ! result ( wit*craft1 or possession by "o or o!r ( ! spirits1 e4g4 an ulc] %[s itself1 & is treat$ ) fom5tations1 etc41 b x happ5s t ! ulc] spreads & dra9s ! /r5g? ( ! pati5t2 a m$ic9e man is call$ 91 & ! cause s\ght = ei!r 9 wit*craft1 ! break+ ( a taboo1 ! op]ation ( a curse1 or 9 ! malignant action ( a _s4 ,! compla9ts call$ debility1 sleep+-sickness1 v bad rheumatism1 ague fev]1 or boils1 are suppos$ to orig9ate 9 "o ( ^! ways1 & x is ! object ( ! m$ic9e man to discov] 9 :i* way1 9 ord] to use ! "r means4 ,! wit*-doctor beats 8 drum ne> ! pati5t1 talks excit$ly1 *ants v>i\s phrases1 ! s5se ( :i* ! p (t5 d n und]/&1 b ! lilt ( ! metre1 toge!r ) ! rhy?m ( ! drum1 causes ! pati5t to sway to & fro & has an hypnotic effect on him4 ,:5 he is work$ up to ! "r pit* ! m$ic9e man asks him3 8,h y eat5 any?+80 i4e4 ,h y brok5 a taboo8 ,! pati5t takes no notice4 8,h y done any?+80 i4e4 ,h y brok5 a cov5ant & s come "u a curse8 is ! next "q1 b ! man takes no notice4 8,are y bewit*$80 or1 8,are y bewit*+ anybody80 ,to ^! que/ions no answ] is giv54 8,h y a _s 7bwete780 ,! pati5t j]ks & twit*es 8 body1 beats 8 arms1 & sways m vigor\sly1 & ?us x is kn[n t ! suff]] is possess$ by a c]ta9 k9d ( _s4 ,! next ?+ is to discov] :e!r ! _s is t ( debility1 sleep+-sickness1 etc41 & t po9t be+ decid$ by ! j]k+ ( ! pati5t's body z ! que/ions are put to him1 ! m$ic9e man proce$s to make ! necess>y *>ms & put ! man "u ! prop] taboos4 ,! :ole ( ?is c]emony ( diagnos+ a pati5t's case is call$ mobalu4 ,!re are modifications ( ?is c]emony 9 :i* only rattles are us$1 & n drums1 & _m wom5 s+ & %ake rattles r\nd ! pati5t1 :o lies 9 ! middle ( ! r+1 well ano9t$ ) oil2 or !re may be only a few pres5t1 & ! drum is beat5 & ! pati5t tak5 inside a mat enclosure ) ! m$ic9e man1 b ! pr9ciple is ! same4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! rem$ies employ$3 ,kuta is to heal quickly ! cuts ( a badly w\nd$ man by plac+ him on a %elf & light+ a fire "u him1 s t ! smoke ent]s ! w\nds4 ,ngele are leaves = draw+ boils & abscesses to a head4 ,moteba leaves are boil$ & rubb$ on a p]son suff]+ f sleep+-sickness4 ,longele a brass rod2 "s m$ic9e is ti$ to a brass rod1 & x is !n worn to /r5g!n ! arm or ! leg--"s we> x = rheumatism4 ,makulu matuki leaves are good = sores & w\nds1 & ! juice ( ! leaves is dropp$ into sore eyes to heal !m2 & "s eat ! leaves to induce pregnancy4 ,makalala are small /icks ( p[]ful 8m$ic9e0 = soo?+ ! viol5tly mad4 ,!re is a ^w1 y5gola1 :i* means to kill or dr[n a p]son :o is too ill to recov]4 ,cupp+ 7nyunya7 is (t5 practis$4 ,sometimes x is simple ble$+ by snick+ ! "p affect$1 & at o!r times x is cupp+ prop] ) horn & suction4 ,! "p to be b5efit$ is cut ) a knife1 & ! l>ge bottom end ( a horn1 :i* has a hole at ! small upp] end1 is put ov] ! cuts4 ,! op]ator puts a pill ( clay or s(t wax into 8 m\?1 sucks at ! hole1 & ) 8 tongue puts ! wax pellet ov] x4 ,?is he repeats until ! air 9 ! horn is exhau/$1 & !n ! blood w run freely f ! cuts4 ,! cly/] 7call$ njango7 is us$ = reliev+ pa9s 9 ! /oma*4 ,a calaba% is fill$ ) wat] 9 :i* "s h]bs h be5 boil$4 ,! pati5t lies on 8 /oma* & a re$ is ins]t$1 & ! liquid 9 ! calaba% is p\r$ into ! re$2 b sometimes !y use a calaba% ) a v long neck1 & ?is is ins]t$1 & ! liquid all[$ to gravitate into ! b[els4 ,ligatures are ti$--"o above & ! o!r bel[ ! w\nd--= a snake-bite1 "s bitt] plant 7bololo7 is giv5 to ! bitt5 p]son to *ew4 ,a m$ic9e man also 8scrapes ! w\nd to remove ! tee? left by ! snake40 ,!re are p]sons1 & ev5 families1 :o h&le snakes ) impunity1 & ^! are suppos$ to possess snake m$ic9e4 ,su* a p]son is call$ if ! pati5t is suff]+ sev]ely f a snake's bite1 & on 8 arrival he & ! bitt5 p]son clasp ea* o!r's "r wri/1 & ! snake-man w beat ! o!r's arm to drive ! poison 7ng5ge7 f him into himself4 ,i h nev] he>d ( a dea? f a snake-bite1 b ,i h se5 n]v\s p v mu* sc>$ aft] be+ bitt5 by a snake4 ,!re is ano!r mode ( cur+ a sick p]son call$ b[a4 ,! pati5t lies on 8 back & ! m$ic9e man1 tak+ a saucepan ( boil+ wat]1 kneels by ! side ( 8 pati5t4 ,he %akes "s leaves ov] him1 dips 8 h& into ! wat]1 rubs ! /oma* ( ! sick "o1 & 9 a %ort "t %[s a palm nut1 z hav+ come f ! pati5t4 ,?is p]=mance is repeat$ aga9 & aga91 & ea* "t a palm nut1 or a /one1 or a piece ( iron is %[n z com+ f ! pati5t1 & is tak5 z evid5ce t ! sickness is be+ expell$4 ,natives endure ! heat mu* bett] ?an ! cold4 ,! palm-oil & r$ camwood p[d] us$ s freely z a cosmetic protect _! bodies f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 & are also1 ,i believe1 a protection f ! cold air & light %[]s ( ra92 b a really cold1 sunless day seems to crumple !m up1 & !y lose all en]gy4 ,blood-poison+ is v r>e1 & w\nds f knives & spe>s heal rapidly4 ,! natives are practically ignorant ( physiology1 & _! firm belief = g5]ations t diseases are due to wit*craft & evil spirits has kept !m f mak+ any progress 9 ! /udy ( t sci5ce4 ,i rememb] _m ye>s ago a man com+ to me compla9+ ( an acute pa9 9 8 side1 :i* he reg>d$ z ! pres5ce ( an evil _s 9 him4 ,aft] due consid]ation ,i ?\ght x 0 probably due to a t\* ( pleurisy1 & adm9i/]$ a fly+ bli/] 7a lotion appli$ ) a fea!r7 to ! place1 & told him to g to b$4 ,e>ly next morn+ ! man came hurry+ to me1 & po9t+ to ! bli/] t _h come up 9 ! night1 he said3 8,:ite man1 look :]e ! evil _s has come out40 ,he ?\ght t z all pa9 _h gone1 & !re 0 a bli/] ov] ! place :]e x _h be51 ! evil _s _h come out !re1 & ! bli/] 0 ! result ( its exit4 ,"o ( ! greate/ difficulties we enc\nt] on ! ,congo is t ( diagnos+ a disease4 ,! natives h nev] be5 9 ! habit ( describ+ _! symptoms1 consequ5tly :5 we comm5ce m$ical "w 9 any new di/rict we are at a great disadvantage1 & x takes long tra9+ be=e ! p w cle>ly /ate ! nature ( _! pa9s1 or any?+ t w really help u to diagnose _! compla9ts4 ,:ile 9 ! language we f9d ! names ( a l>ge numb] ( diseases1 yet x is v poor 9 words describ+ symptoms1 & ?is paucity ( symptom-words arises f ! fact t = c5turies ! wit*-doctors1 9 _! own int]e/s1 h fo/]$ ! belief t compla9ts are caus$ by evil spirits :i* !y alone c drive out ( !m4 ,n only is !re ?is lack ( words describ+ symptoms1 b !re is a retic5ce on ! "p ( ! pati5t to expla9 8 pa91 etc41 z he ?9ks t ! 8doctor0 :o has any pret5sion to heal+ a p]son %\ld c]ta9ly be able to discov] :at is wrong4 ,_! wit*-doctors d n closely "q _! pati5ts1 b at once proce$ to ! cure2 :y1 !re=e1 %\ld ! :ite man make s _m inquiries8 ,on ! ,l[] ,congo we h a l>ge numb] ( gun accid5ts4 ,! *eap1 common guns1 ! b>rels ( :i* are usually made out ( old gas-pipes1 frequ5tly explode & d mu* damage to ! fir]4 ,occasionally dur+ ! hunt+ season "o hunt] mi/akes ! ru/l+ 9 ! grass made by ano!r hunt] z ! movem5ts ( an animal1 & fires 9 ! direction ( ! noise1 only to f9d1 :5 too late1 t he has w\nd$ a fell[-hunt]4 ,v (t5 :5 crawl+ ?r\gh ! grass aft] game ! hamm] ( ! gun cat*es 9 ! grass1 & 9 pull+ x free ! gun goes (f1 & ! man beh9d receives ! full *>ge into 8 body1 & ! lifeless corpse is c>ri$ back to ! t[n2 or1 if sev]ely w\nd$ & n dead1 ! man is br\ght to u = treatm5t4 ,bo? on ! ,l[] ,congo & ! ,upp] !re are s]i\s accid5ts f buffalo-hunt+--m to be dread$ ?an leop>d-hunt+4 ,"o case br\ght to u on ! ,upp] ,congo 0 t ( a man :o _h fir$ at a buffalo :i* took refuge 9 a clump ( trees4 ,he ?\ght1 aft] wait+ a "t1 t he _h kill$ x1 b on v5tur+ to inve/igate too closely ! infuriat$1 w\nd$ animal came out at him & toss$ & tumbl$ him ab\t 9 its rage z a cat does a m\se4 ,x 0 at la/ fright5$ away by ! hunt]'s companions1 & :5 !y br\ght him to u x took me ne>ly an h\r & a half to sew him up & b&age 8 _m w\nds--he qu]ul\s & abusive all ! "t1 compla9+ t ,i 0 giv+ him m pa9 ?an ! buffalo did4 ,he1 h[ev]1 made a good recov]y & 0 duly grateful4 ,on ! ,upp] ,congo ! crocodiles inflict ! greate/ damage on ! natives4 ,"h is a canoe ) a few folk paddl+ quietly along1 :5 a crocodile %oots up by its side s sudd5ly t ! occupants are />tl$1 & lean+ too mu* to "o side to get z f> z possible f ! rav5\s jaws1 !y upset ! canoe1 ! brute takes "o & goes (f4 ,!re is mu* wail+1 a *>ge ( wit*craft1 & p]haps ano!r dea? is ! result4 ,a consid]able am\nt ( fi%+ is done by ! wom5 9 ! %all[ wat]s1 & :ile !y are ?us busily occupi$ ! crocodile has its opportunity4 ,i h (t5 met wom5 :o h ask$ me = m$ic9e = w\nds on _! legs1 & on look+ at !m ,i frequ5tly f\nd t ! w\nds 7 tee? m>ks4 ,on inquir+ h[ !y came by !m1 _! answ]s1 g5]ally giv5 non*alantly1 7 always ! same3 8,a crocodile caught me by ! leg :ile ,i 0 fi%+40 8,h[ did y escape f ! creature80 w\ld be my next "q4 8,oh1 ,i ramm$ my ?umbs into its eyes10 0 ! inv>iable reply1 8& x let me g1 & ,i 0 able to escape40 ,& suit+ ! action to h] words ! woman w\ld turn r\nd & %[ me h[ x 0 done4 ,x ne$$ great pres5ce ( m9d1 & und\bt$ly ^? :o did n possess x 7 c>ri$ (f2 & ^? also :o 7 caught 9 su* a way t x 0 impossible = !m to turn1 7 dragg$ "u wat]1 dr[n$1 & eat5 at leisure4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by3 ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,dodds ,,! ,,au?or ,,doctor+ ,a ,,crocodile-,,bitt5 ,,h& ,! native 0 work+ at a log 9 ! riv] runn+ by 8 village :5 a crocodile came up by ! side ( ! log & caught 8 h&4 ,"o morn+ a woman left ,monsembe 9 a small canoe to fi% on ! %all[ bank ( a neighb\r+ isl&4 ,z %e _h n return$ by sunset ab\t tw5ty m5 came to borr[ our l>ge canoe t !y might g 9 se>* ( h]4 ,ab\t #i p4m4 !y return$1 & by _! %\ts 9 ! di/ance we le>n$ t !y _h f\nd ! miss+ woman4 ,on l&+ h] we discov]$ t %e 0 sev]ely w\nd$ ) crocodile bites--! wor/ case ,i _h ev] se54 ,we set to "w to clean ! w\nds1 & sew+ up "s we b&ag$ h] & left h] z com=table z we c\ld = ! night4 ,we aft]w>ds he>d ! /ory ( h] adv5tures4 ,x appe>s t :ile fi%+ %e saw a crocodile com+ = h]1 s %e ran = a tree1 & z %e climb$ ! brute rais$ itself & snapp$ at h]1 te>+ h] f+]s1 h] ?ighs1 & legs1 b n gett+ a suffici5t grip ( h] to pull h] d[n4 ,!re %e sat1 w\nd$1 ble$+1 & fa9t ) hung] & loss ( blood1 ?r\gh ! long day1 ) ! crocodile ly+ 9 wait at ! foot ( ! tree4 ,occasionally %e cri$ out1 b !re 0 no "o ne> en\gh to he> h] %\ts4 ,%e at la/ he>d ! paddles ( ! canoe & ! calls ( ! m51 &1 respond+ to !m1 %e guid$ !m to ! tree :]e %e 0 sitt+4 ,z ! m5 ne>$ ! tree !y he>d ! spla%+ ( ! wat] z ! brute made (f 9 ! d>kness4 ,%e fully recov]$1 & aft] a "t seem$ none ! worse = h] pa9ful exp]i5ce4 ,at ,boma ,i saw ! sk9 ( a crocodile t measur$ #be feet long4 ,! trad] :o kill$ x %[$ me tw5ty-two brass armlets & anklets1 weigh+ #aa lbs41 t _h be5 tak5 f its /oma*1 a pro( t 9 ! c\rse ( its life x _h kill$ & eat5 sev]al p4 ,b !re are times :5 ! laugh is on ! o!r side4 ,a colleague ( m9e fir$ f a /eam] at a crocodile t app>5tly 0 asleep on ! s&y bank ( ! riv]4 ,! bullet /ruck ! head1 & z ! bea/ did n move ev]ybody ?\ght x 0 kill$4 ,"s ( ! /eam]'s crew jump$ into ! wat]1 swam a%ore1 & j z !y caught hold ( ! tail to turn ! creature ov] prep>atory to cutt+ x up1 ! crocodile rega9$ consci\sness 7= x _h only be5 /unn$ by ! bullet graz+ ! top ( ! head7 & />t$ = ! riv]4 ,su* a tug-(-w> 0 nev] witness$ be=e--!re 0 ! crocodile /ruggl+ to ga9 ! wat] & "s m5 haul+ x back by ! tail1 :ile o!rs1 quickly procur+ "s *unks ( wood1 7 beat+ ! reptile's back to break x4 ,! m5 won ! conte/1 & t night fea/$ on _! enemy ! crocodile4 ,at all our /ations we h good disp5s>ies1 & at "s1 well-equipp$ hospitals2 & we d our be/ to alleviate suff]+ & save life4 ,z non-m$ical mission>ies we c always com=t ourselves ) ! ?\ght t :at we d m$ically = ! natives is f> bett] ?an !y c d = !mselves1 or h done = !m by _! m$ic9e m54 ,we are glad1 h[ev]1 to say t we h n[ ?ree fully qualifi$ doctors 9 our ,mission1 ^: up-to-date sci5tific k1 jo9$ to _! k9dly sympa?y ) ! natives1 is do+ mu* to relieve pa9 & save life4 ,our only regret is t we h n a doctor on e /ation4#dc ,footnote #dc3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,note #f1 page #cdf1 = /ati/ics ( :ite p's heal?4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,app5dix ,,note #a4--,,on ,,yea/s ,,or ,,f]m5ts ,bread-mak+ ,on ! ,l[] ,congo1 :]e palm-w9e 0 easily procurable1 ,i h (t5 made bread by us+ "o tumbl] ( palm-w9e to "o ( lukew>m wat]1 ) "s sug> to c\nt]act ! s\rness or acidity ( ! w9e1 & salt to ta/e4 ,?is 0 mix$ ) fl\r into a d\gh ab\t #h a4m41 divid$ into two lumps1 put into two well-fl\r$ or greas$ t9s1 & plac$ out 9 ! sun to rise1 ) a clo? ov] !m to keep away du/ & dirt4 ,ab\t #aa or #ab o'clock ! loaves w\ld h ris5 well1 & 7 ready = bak+4 ,if palm-w9e c be b\ght regul>ly1 !n x c be us$ = e bat* ( bread2 b if ! supply is d\btful1 or v irregul>1 !n a knob ( ! d\gh--ab\t ! size ( an egg--%\ld be tak5 f ! d\gh be=e x is divid$ into loaves1 put into a mug1 cov]$ & plac$ on "o side4 ,?is lump ( d\gh w rise1 & 9 two or ?ree days1 :5 ! next bat* ( bread is requir$1 x c be ?or\ghly mix$ ) a p9t ( w>m wat]1 a tablespoonful ( sug>1 "s salt 7&1 if y h x1 a p9* ( bic>bonate ( soda71 & ! process is complet$1 & ) ?is yea/ y c make ! bread z ?\gh us+ fre% palm-w9e4 ,at ,monsembe1 h[ev]1 !re 0 no palm-w9e1 b pl5ty ( sug>-cane w9e1 s we us$ t ) v good results4 ,sug>-cane w9e %\ld be /ra9$ ?r\gh a f9e clo? be=e us+1 o!rwise ! fibres left 9 ! w9e w irritate ! /oma* & give rise to s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,! foll[+1 h[ev]1 is ! mo/ satisfactory leav5 t has yet be5 discov]$ on ! ,congo1 :]e x is becom+ a g5]al fav\rite1 & is fa/ ou/+ palm-w9e z a leav53 ,take a p9t bottle & put into x two tablespoonfuls ( fl\r1 "o tablespoonful ( ca/or sug> 7or its equival5t 9 lump sug>71 a teaspoonful ( salt1 ne>ly fill ! bottle ) w>m wat]1 ?or\ghly %ake until well mix$1 lightly cork1 & /& x 9 a w>m corn] ( ! h\se4 ,occasionally /ir ! mixture1 & on ! f\r? or fif? day x w s+ ) f]m5tation4 ,i f\nd ! foll[+ ! be/ me?od = mak+ bread ) ?is leav53 ,:5 ! cont5ts ( ! bottle 7 s++ ) f]m5tation ,i took ! bottle 9 ! ev5+ 7ab\t #e or #f o'clock71 &1 well /irr+ ! f]m5t+ mixture1 p\r$ x into a wa%-h& bas91 leav+ at ! bottom ( ! bottle "s ( ! liquid--ab\t two f+]s deep4 ,into ! bas9 0 !n put a half-p9t ( lukew>m wat]1 a small teaspoonful ( salt1 & two lumps ( sug>2 ! cook boy ?or\ghly /irr$ into ?is mixture "s fl\r to ! consi/5cy ( a batt]4 ,he g5]ally beat ! batt] = t5 or fifte5 m9utes--! m x is beat5 ! light] w be ! bread4 ,a t[el 0 spread ov] ! bas91 & x 0 put away 9 ! cupbo>d4 ,i !n took ! bottle1 measur$ into x fl\r1 sug>1 salt1 & w>m wat] z be=e1 %ook x well1 & put x back 9 its place4 ,on acc\nt ( hav+ left 9 ! bottle a little ( ! old leav5 ! new prep>ation w\ld be ready 9 two days1 & x %\ld be us$ !n1 or n lat] ?an ! ?ird day4 ,a family ( two or ?ree p]sons w soon f9d h[ mu* bread !y ne$ = two days & c add m or less wat] to ! leav5 p\r$ into ! bas94 ,x w be f\nd next morn+ t ! batt] or sponge put away 9 ! cupbo>d has almo/ fill$ ! bas9 ) a f9e d\gh4 ,to ?is sponge add fl\r1 well knead x into a m$ium /iff d\gh1 put 9 two t9s1 place out 9 ! sun 7or if a cl\dy day /& ne> ! kit*5 fire71 drop a ?9 clo? ov] ! t9s to keep du/ away1 & 9 ?ree or f\r h\rs ! d\gh w be well ris51 & !n bake4 ,?is always gave u spl5didly light bread4 ,an occasional p9* ( bic>bonate ( soda dropp$ into ! bottle w neutralize acidity4 ,a good1 neutral bread is a great boon1 & helps to keep "o 9 good heal?4 ,,note #b4--,,on ,,boloki ,,v]b ,! v]b 9 ! ,boloki language has ! eight foll[+ =ms3 ,active1 ,passive1 ,/ative1 ,causative1 ,prepositional1 ,reciprocal1 ,reflexive1 & ,repetitive4 ,active kanga to tie4 ,passive kangama to be ti$4 ,/ative kangwa to be 9 a ti$ /ate4 ,causative kangija to cause to tie4 ,prepositional kangela to tie = or )4 ,reciprocal kangana to tie "o ano!r4 ,reflexive mikanga to tie oneself4 ,repetitive kangelela to tie aga9 & aga94 ,! moods ( ! v]b are3 ,inf9itive1 ,imp]ative1 ,indicative1 ,subjunctive1 & ,purportive4 ,inf9itive mood is made by prefix+ lo to ! v]b3 naj+i lokanga ,i desire to tie4 ,! imp]ative is kanga1 & a m emphatic =m kangaka tie4 ,! imp]ative hortative is =m$ by leme let1 foll[$ by ! pres5t subjunctive1 z leme nakanga let me tie4 ,! indicative is nakanga ,i tie4 ,! subjunctive1 7te7 nakanga 7t7 ,i may tie4 ,! purportive1 naye nokakanga ,i am come to tie4 ,! t5ses are z foll[s3 ,indicative pres4 nakanga ,i tie indef9itive ,indicative pres4 nakakanga ,i am ty+4 indef9itive cont9u\s ,indicative pres4 p]fect nakangi ,i h ti$4 ,indicative pres4 p]fect nakakangi ,i h be5 cont9u\s ty+4 ,indicative pa/ nakangiki ,i ti$4 indef9ite ,indicative pa/ nakakangiki ,i 0 indef9ite cont9u\s ty+4 ,indicative pa/ p]fect nakangaka ,i _h ti$4 ,indicative pa/ p]fect nakakangaka ,i _h cont9u\s be5 ty+4 ,! pa/ imp]fect & progressive t5ses made ) ! aid ( ! v]b 8to be0 are z foll[s3 ,nabeki nakangi ,i ti$ 9 "t ne> pa/4 ,nabeki nakakangi ,i 0 ty+ 9 "t ne> pa/4 ,nabaka nakangi ,i ti$ 9 "t f> pa/4 ,nabaka nakakangi ,i 0 ty+ 9 "t f> pa/4 ,indicative future naakakangi ,i %all indef9ite tie4 ,indicative future naakakanga ,i %all be indef9ite cont9u\s ty+4 ,indicative future naakakangaka ,i %all p]fect h be5 ty+4 ,indicative future naikakanga ,i am j imm$iate ab\t to tie4 ,n>rative t5se ekangele ,i ti$4 ,n>rative t5se ekakangele ,i 0 cont9u\s ty+4 ,!re are only ?ree conjugations to be f\nd1 & ^! are =m$ on ! f9al v[el ( ! root3 ,,simple ,,v]b4 ,,p]fect4 ,,passive4 kanga kangaka kangama bete beteke beteme kolo koloko kolomo ,x w be int]e/+ to ! read]1 be=e clos+ ?is v %ort note on ! v]b1 = me to give an idea ( ! numb] ( v]bs t c be built up on a s+le v]b by ! aid ( affixes :i* c all run ?r\gh ! v>i\s t5ses already m5tion$4 ,! sev5 giv5 9 ! fir/ p>agraph ( ?is note are n repeat$ "h3 ,active transitive4 ,kanga to tie4 ,passive & prepositional4 ,kangemela to be ti$ = 7a purpose74 ,passive & causative4 ,kangimija to cause to be ti$4 ,passive1 prepositional1 & causative4 ,kangemelija to cause to be ti$ = 7a purpose74 ,active1 reciprocal1 & prepositional4 ,kang5ela to tie "o ano!r = 7a purpose74 ,active1 reciprocal1 prepositional1 & causative4 ,kang5elija to cause to tie "o ano!r = 7a purpose74 ,!re are _m o!r comb9ations 9 use1 b ^! twelve w give "s idea ( ! possibilities ( ! v]b & its prefixes & suffixes4 ,x w be not$ t al?\gh ! passive ( kanga is kangama1 yet 9 ! above examples ! v[els sometimes become e & sometimes i1 ?is is because ! v[el e 9 ela 7see fir/ example1 ! passive & prepositional =m giv5 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph7 *anges ! f9al a ( kangama into e z kangamela1 & has a retro-active =ce 9 turn+ ! initial a ( ! passive suffix also into e2 kangama is really kangaama1 b z "o a elides ano!r x becomes kangama1 & kangemela is really kangamaela1 b a elides be=e e1 s x becomes kangamela1 & ! e 9 ! p5ultimate dem&s t ! o!r a ( ! suffix %\ld become e also1 h5ce we h kangemela4 ,! same euphonic law dem&s t kanga-ama-ija %\ld become kangimija1 & kanga-ana-ela %\ld become kang5ela4 ,!re is also an int5sive =m ( ! v]b t is be/ express$ 9 ,engli% by a suitable adv]b3 ,kata to hold2 katatala to hold tightly2 & ?is has a causative ,katitija to cause to hold tightly4 ,kana to pu% 92 kanalala to be pu%$ 9 too mu*1 kan9ija to cause to g 9 too f>4 ,ama to press2 amamala to be press$ too f>3 amimija to cause to be press$ too mu*4 ,tamba to /& out2 tambambala to be /&+ out conspicu\sly1 & ! causative tambimbija to cause to /& out well 9 sight4 ,9 ! above are v good examples ( :at ,i call1 = ! lack ( a bett] ^w1 ! retro-active p[] ( _! euphonic laws = h>moniz+ ! v[els4 ,by ! aid ( s pla/ic a v]b we _h no difficulty 9 express+ ! f9e/ %ades ( mean+ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t--a "p ( :i* is translat$ into ! ,boloki language--& 9 translat+ o!r books = ! b5efit ( ! natives4 ,,note #c4--,,on ,,boloki ,,me?od ,,( ,,c\nt+ ,! num]als f #a to #e are decl9able4 ,! lett] 9 brackets is ! p>ticle t *anges accord+ to ! class ( ! n\n us$1 e4g4 two p]sons w\ld be batu 7ba7 bale p]sons two b two clo?s w\ld be bilamba 7bi7 bale clo?s two4 ,! num]als are3 #a1 7y7 awi2 #b1 7i7 bale2 #c1 7i7 atu2 #d1 7i7 ne2 #e1 7i7 tanu2 #f1 motoba2 #g1 nsambu2 #h1 mwambi2 #i1 libwa2 #aj1 jumu or mokangu mwawi "o ty+2 #aa1 jumu na 7y7 awi2 #ab1 jumu na 7i7 bale2 #bj1 mikangu mibale2 #cj1 mikangu miatu2 #dj1 mikangu m9e2 #ej1 mikangu mitanu2 #fj1 mikangu motoba2 #gj1 mikangu nsambu2 #hj1 mikangu mwambi2 #ij1 mikangu libwa2 #ajj1 nkama or munkama2 #bjj1 m9kama mibale2 #ajjj1 nkutu yawi2 #bjjj1 nkutu ibale2 #aj1jjj1 mokoko2 #bj1jjj1 mikoko mibale4 ,! mean+ ( mikangu mibale 7#bj7 is1 two ty+s4 #aj is (t5 call$ mokangu mwawi "o ty+1 f kanga to tie4 ,x is ! cu/om ( ! natives to roll _! #ae-;in* brass rods 7! curr5cy7 into a s]ies ( r+s ab\t #a in*es 9 diamet]1 & ^! !y run "o on ano!r1 l split r+s1 until !re are t5 l9k$ toge!r1 & !y call t mokangu mwawi "o ty+ #aj4 ,! ord9al num]als are3 ,motu wa bo ,! p]son :o is fir/1 or ! fir/ p]son4 ,motu wa bane ,! p]son :o is f\r1 or ! f\r? p]son4 ,motu wa motoba ,! p]son :o is six1 or ! six? p]son4 ,motu wa libwa ! p]son :o is n9e1 or ! n9? p]son4 ,motu wa mikangu mibale na wawi tw5ty-fir/ p]son4 ,to use a ^w ( ano!r class we w take elamba clo?4 ,elamba ya bo ! clo? t is "o1 or ! fir/ clo?4 ,elamba ya b9e ! clo? t is f\r or ! f\r? clo?4 ,elamba ya motoba ! clo? t is six or ! six? clo?4 ,elamba ya mikangu miatu na bibale ! clo? t is ?irty & two1 or ! #cbnd clo?4 ,! f+]s are con/antly us$ 9 c\nt+4 ,if a man wants to say ?irty-f\r he w say mikangu 7 ty+s t5s7 & hold up ?ree f+]s = ^? to :om he is speak+ to say miatu 7 ?ree71 na &1 hold up f\r f+]s = !m to say 7i7 ne 7 f\r74 ,! lett] 9 brackets *anges accord+ to ! class ( ! n\n und]/ood4 ,by ?is means !y ensure _! he>]s foll[+ & und]/&+ !m1 & no "o c aft]w>ds plead t !y did n he> ! price prop]ly1 z any discrepancy betwe5 ! numb] m5tion$ by ! he>]s & ! numb] ( f+]s held up w\ld be correct$ at ! "t4 ,! way 9 :i* ! ,boloki folk use _! f+]s is some:at irregul>1 & = ! sake ( cle>ness ,i draw two h&s & numb] ! f+]s #a to #aj--a to #e left h&1 & #f to #aj "r h&4 #a & #aj are ! ?umbs4 ,! "r h& is us$ m ?an ! left4 ,"o is express$ by d\bl+ #f1 #g1 #h1 & putt+ #aj ov] !m1 ?us leav+ #i1 ! index f+]1 /&+ alone4 ,two1 by d\bl+ d[n #f & #g & putt+ #aj ov] !m1 ?us leav+ #h & #i /&+4 ,?ree1 by d\bl+ d[n #i & putt+ #aj ov] x1 leav+ #f1 #g1 & #h /&+4 ,f\r1 by putt+ #aj at ! bottom ( ! division betwe5 #g & #h1 t causes #f & #g to come =w>d a little1 s ! h& is turn$ ab\t t ! two sets ( two f+]s may be cle>ly se54 ,five1 ! :ole ( ! f+]s ( ! "r h& are left /&+ ) ! palm turn$ t[>ds ! p]son to :om y are speak+4 ,six1 by d\bl+ d[n #b on ! left h& & putt+ #a ov] x1 s leav+ #c1 #d1 & #e /&+1 & d\bl+ d[n #i on ! "r h& & putt+ #aj ov] x1 s leav+ #f1 #g1 & #h /&+1 ?us mak+ two sets ( ?ree f+]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,left ,,h& - ,,"r ,,h& ,sev51 ! same z #d ) ! "r h& & d\bl+ d[n #b on ! left h& & putt+ #a ov] x1 ?us mak+ a #d & a #c4 ,eight1 by work+ ! "r h& z "u #d & putt+ #a at ! bottom ( ! division betwe5 #c & #d1 & twi/+ ! h&s ab\t s t ! f\r sets ( two f+]s may be cle>ly se54 ,n9e1 by hold+ up ! f+]s ( ! "r h& z "u #e & putt+ #a at ! division betwe5 #c & #d1 & twi/+ ! left h& ab\t to %[ ! two sets ( two f+]s4 ,t51 by hold+ all ! f+]s ( ! two h&s ) ! palms t[>ds ! auditors1 & e fold+ d[n ( ! f+]s & re-spread+ ( !m means ano!r #aj4 ,second way--by clapp+ ! h&s toge!r1 & e clap /&s = #aj4 ,?ird1 & m frequ5t me?od--by hold+ out ! fi/ ( ! "r h&1 & e decid$ %ake ( ! fi/ /&s = t54 ,elev51 by %ak+ ! "r fi/ & hold+ up "o f+] z describ$ "u "o4 ,twelve1 by %ak+ ! "r fi/ & hold+ up two f+]s z describ$ "u two2 & s on4 ,! toes are v r>ely us$ 9 c\nt+4 ,i h only se5 !m us$ :5 c\nt+ #bj1jjj1 & !n ! man /ret*$ d[n & put ! f+]s ( bo? h&s on ! toes ( bo? ( 8 feet & said3 mikoko mibale #bj1jjj4 ,sometimes1 :5 try+ to give me an idea ( va/ numb]s1 !y w\ld say3 8,x w take all our f+]s & toes to tell y10 i4e4 t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,= addition & subtraction "u #aj !y use _! f+]s1 b = high] numb]s !y use palm nuts1 or any?+ suitable to h&4 ,?is is n because !y are incapable ( add+ & subtract+ m5tally1 b because !y are s suspici\s ( ea* o!r t !y want an ocul> pro( t ! sum is "r1 & t nei!r "o is gett+ ! bett] ( ! o!r4 ,^? :o "k figures & c run ?r\gh _! ari?metical tables accept ea* o!r's sums1 b 9 transactions ) ! untaught !y resort to ! f+]s & palm nuts = c\nt+4 ,!y always c\nt by fives & t5s1 e4g4 if a p]son wants to make up #bf brass rods he w take #c rods & !n put #b ) ! #c & pu% t #e on "o side1 he w make ano!r #e 9 ! same way1 & !n put ! two fives toge!r1 mak+ #aj1 & !n make two m fives & put ^? toge!r1 keep+1 h[ev]1 ! t5s sep>ate1 !n ano!r #e is made by ! #c & #b process1 & at la/ #a put d[n4 ,!n ! two t5s are c\nt$1 & ! #e1 & la/ly ! #a4 ,,note #d4--,,on ,,boloki ,,relations ,,or ,,k9%ip ,! accompany+ li/s ,i receiv$ ab\t ! same "t f two diff]5t "y m5 ( fair intellig5ce1 & aft] ,i _h writt5 ! two li/s d[n ,i call$ bo? ! "y m5 & read ov] to !m _! diff]5t names = ! same relative4 ,!y ea* argu$ t :at !y _h giv5 0 ! "r "o1 & ! o!r 0 wrong4 ,i h f\nd ! same difficulty on ! ,l[] ,congo4 ,x is impossible to procure a li/ ( any real value4 ,my colleagues f9d x mu* ! same among o!r tribes4 ,! natives ( ,monsembe are unanim\s respect+ ! t]ms = "m nyongo2 fa!r ango & tata 7ango is only us$ by a son to ! "o :o begot him1 tata is us$ by a slave to 8 ma/]1 by a son to 8 fa!r1 & ,i h he>d x us$ by a "m to h] son4 ,x seems to be a t]m ( respect 9 its wid] use72 bro!r nkaja2 si/] is also nkaja 7a si/] calls h] bro!r nkaja1 & a bro!r calls 8 si/] nkaja2 b if a girl speaks ( h] y\ng] si/]1 or eld] si/]1 %e uses ! words mojimi = ! y\ng] "o & motomolo = ! eld] only2 ! boy uses ! same words = y\ng] or eld] bro!r72 y\ng] si/] or y\ng] bro!r1 nkaja mojimi2 eld] si/] or eld] bro!r1 nkaja motomolo 7nkaja is nev] us$ 9 speak+ ( ! same sex z ! speak]1 i4e4 by a si/] ( a si/]1 or a bro!r ( a bro!r72 wife mwali2 husb& moloi2 *ild mwana2 male *ild mwana lele1 i4e4 son2 female *ild mwana muntaka1 i4e4 daught]2 gr&p>5t nkoko2 great gr&p>5t nkokolele2 great great gr&p>5t ndalola2 b a gr&*ild is nkoko1 & s ) a great gr&*ild nkokolele1 & great great gr&*ild ndalola4 ,all agree 9 ! above names = ! relation%ips indicat$1 b ! f>!r y get away f ^? degrees ( relation%ip ! m confus$ ! native becomes1 & ! m contradictory w be 8 /atem5ts4 ,! t]ms ( relation%ip are employ$ 9 address+ ea* o!r1 b p]sonal names are also us$ )\t any hesitation4 ,! only exception is ?is3 ,:5 two p]sons ( ! same "n speak to or ( "o ano!r !y nev] m5tion ! "n1 b say1 ndoi namesake4 ,! names ( ! dead are freely m5tion$1 & ev5 pass$ on to *ildr54 ,no g5ealogies are kept1 & 9 two or ?ree g5]ations all ties ( ne> relation%ip are lo/2 & if1 "h & !re1 rememb]$1 are non-effective except :]e a man c get a dr9k ( sug>-cane w9e1 or a fe$ by recall+ k9%ip4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,li/ ,,( ,,words ,,= ,,relatives ,,engli% ,,words ,,giv5 ,,by ,,words ,,giv5 ,,by ,,lutoba ,,intongi ,"m's bro!r mojika mojika & nso mama#dd ,"m's bro!r's son nso nyango#de ,no "n1 b takes "n ( mojika on 8 fa!r's dea? ,"m's bro!r's son's nso nyango ,call$ by p]sonal son "n until dea? ( fa!r & !n mojika ,"m's bro!r's son's nkaja ,no di/9ctive "n daught] ,"m's si/] mama mama moti#df ,"m's si/]'s son or mojimi or ,no di/9ctive "n daught] nkaja ,"m's si/]'s son's mojimi or ,no di/9ctive "n son nkaja ,"m's si/]'s son's mojimi or ,no di/9ctive "n daught] nkaja ,fa!r's si/] tamwalimoto tamwalimoto ,fa!r's si/]'s son bola mwana wa tamwalimoto#dg ,fa!r's si/]'s nkaja mwana wa tamwalimoto daught] ,fa!r's si/]'s son's wa mwa ,no di/9ctive "n son nyango#dh ,fa!r's si/]'s son's nkaja ,no di/9ctive "n daught] ,fa!r's bro!r tata #dita mungw5de1 or on 8 fa!r's dea? he is call$ tata or tata el5ge#ej ,fa!r's bro!r's son mojimi ,no di/9ctive "n ,fa!r's bro!r's nkaja ,no di/9ctive "n daught] ,fa!r's bro!r's son's mojimi ,no di/9ctive "n son ,fa!r's bro!r's son's nkaja ,no di/9ctive "n daught] ,bro!r's *ild mwana mwana ,bro!r's *ild's *ild mwana mwana ,gr&fa!r1 gr&mo!r1nkoko nkoko gr&*ild ,great gr&fa!r1 great nkokolele nkokolele gr&mo!r1 great gr&*ild ,great great gr&fa!r1 ndalola ndalola great great gr&mo!r1 great great gr&*ild ,footnote #dd3 nso mama & ,footnote #de3 nso nyango are practically ! same1 z ! second ^w 9 ea* phrase means "m1 & nso b[els2 & ! idea is3 ! "o :o comes f ! same womb z my "m2 ! ^w nso is only us$ ( mat]nal relatives4 ,footnote #df3 mama moti ! little "m4 ,footnote #dg3 mwana wa tamwalimoto *ild ( tamwalimoto4 ,footnote #dh3 wa mwa nyango ( or f ! little "m2 mwa is ! dim9utive p>ticle4 ,footnote #di3 ta mungw5de "o :o /&s 9 place ( ano!r4 ,footnote #ej3 tata el5ge "y or boy fa!r4 ,mama is n an introduc$ ^w1 z we f\nd x 9 full use on our arrival2 & al?\gh x 0 (t5 us$ ab\t "o's own "m1 yet x _h ! same mean+1 z appli$ to a female relative1 mi/ress1 or "m1 t tata has to a male relative1 ma/] or fa!r4 ,by 8no di/9ctive "n10 ,i mean no t]m indicative ( relation%ip4 ,!y 7 kn[n by _! p]sonal "n only4 ,,note #e4--,,on ,,native ,,diseases ,li/ ( ,native ,diseases & _! ,native ,names #a4 ,scrotal h]nia1 liboke d5otes an e>ly /age1 & ! ^w also means a p>cel1 bundle2 b5da is a lat] /age :5 ! h]nia is l>ge2 & likuku ! la/ /age :5 ! h]nia rea*es ! knees4 ,i h se5 two or ?ree examples ( ! la/ /age4 #b4 ,p>alysis f sickness1 boboku4 ,i nev] saw a case ( ?is4 #c4 ,smallpox1 kokotu4 ,we _h an epidemic ( ?is disease 9 #ahic4 ,"s p di$1 & o!rs c>ry ! m>ks to ?is day4 #d4 ,bad di>rha1 bolete1 is suppos$ to be ! result ( a curse4 #e4 ,ble$+ at ! nose f any cause1 bolongo4 #f4 ,insanity1 bomwa2 mild insanity 9 :i* !re is extreme fooli%ness1 lemana4 #g4 ,madness ( a viol5t "*1 mokalala4 #h4 ,idiocy1 b[ewe & ewelewete4 #i4 ,a/hmatical :eez+1 yoko & likoko4 #aj4 ,c\gh1 ekoktu4 ,c\ghs & colds are v common4 #aa4 ,crack 9 sk91 et5a4 ,?is is common & v tr\blesome1 especially :5 on ! sole ( ! foot1 z ! h>d sk9 takes mon?s to heal4 #ab4 ,crippl$ limb1 et5gumwi4 ,?is is v r>e & results f a w\nd receiv$ 9 a fight1 or f a burn1 or f walk+ on ! toes1 heel1 or side ( ! foot :5 !re is a crack 9 ! sole4 #ac4 ,n]v\s condition1 jita-jita-jita1 i4e4 twit*+4 #ad4 ,bad fev]1 molungi juku-juku heat1 or fire pl5ty pl5ty4 ,fev]s are common among ! natives & yield to simple treatm5t4 ,! temp]ature (t5 goes v high4 #ae4 ,great debility1 lela4 #af4 ,poor /ate ( heal?1 indicat$ by frequ5t crops ( boils break+ out on v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 libembe4 #ag4 ,pat*es ( pu/ul> sores1 lifwanja4 #ah4 ,sore ?roat1 lilele4 #ai4 ,yaws1 l+ala1 mo/ly us$ 9 ! plural1 mangala4 #bj4 ,puffy condition ( ! body1 probably a =m ( dropsy1 lontutu4 #ba4 ,bl9dness1 lul&a2 n common4 #bb4 ,sleep+-sickness1 luwa1 yobi1 & makwata4 #bc4 ,=m ( non-infecti\s leprosy 9 :i* ! sk9 becomes a sickly :ite1 indurat$1 crack$1 & peel+4 ,x is f\nd g5]ally on ! h& & ! arm bel[ ! elb[1 munkana4 #bd4 ,v bad rheumatism1 yambaka4 ,p]sons suff]+ f ?is compla9t mu/ n burn ! wood ( a c]ta9 tree call$ lobaka1 or ! pa9 w become m acute4 #be4 ,inte/9al worms1 munsobi1 & munsembe4 #bf4 ,dys5t]y ) mu* blood1 mwajakongo4 #bg4 ,ague fev]1 nyankili4 #bh4 ,*e/ compla9ts ( all k9ds1 z pleurisy1 pneumonia1 etc41 are call$ ntulu *e/2 to feel or suff] f su* is oka ntulu he>1 i4e4 feel ! *e/4 ,x is also call$ mobanji side1 ribs4 #bi4 ,elephantiasis1 mungita2 n v common4 #cj4 ,abscesses & sev]e boils1 litunganaka4 #ca4 ,umbilical h]nia1 muntolu2 v common4 #cb4 ,scabies1 mputu4 #cc4 ,fits & convulsions1 bons+a4 #cd4 ,sciatica1 & extreme debility1 yombi4 #ce4 ,boil1 ndala2 v frequ5tly f\nd4 #cf4 ,mild =m ( rheumatism1 mokoko4 #cg4 ,cat>act ( ! eye1 elalei & molondo2 common4 #ch4 ,bl9dness 9 "o eye1 muntelele2 occasionally f\nd4 #ci4 ,ganglion on back ( h& & wri/1 etai4 #dj4 ,deafness1 lko2 v seldom notic$4 #da4 ,dumbness1 mbubu4 ,i nev] met ) a case1 b ! fact t a ^w is kn[n = x %[s t ! compla9t is occasionally to be f\nd among ! p4 #db4 ,v5]eal diseases1 lisabu4 ,,note #f4--,,on ,,heal? ,,( ,,:ite ,,m5 ,,on ,,! ,,congo ,p]haps ! foll[+ /ati/ics respect+ ! heal? ( :ite p on ! ,congo w int]e/ ! read]4 ,i h kept c>eful notes dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & ! figures may be accept$ z accurate4 ,! figures ref] only to ,mission>ies ( ! ,bapti/ ,mission>y ,society4 ,"o hundr$ & t5 m5 h jo9$ ! ,mission s9ce its inception 9 #ahgh until ,decemb] #ca/1 #aiaa4 ,( ^!3 di$ #ch ,left = v>i\s reasons #h 7n ?r\gh heal?7 ,left ?r\gh p]sonal #ae heal? ,left ?r\gh wife's heal? #f ---- #fg ,/ill 9 active s]vice4 #dc ---- ,total #aaj ,di$ dur+ fir/ ye> on #ac ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ second ye> on #c ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ ?ird ye> on #g ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ f\r? ye> on #c ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ fif? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ six? ye> on #b ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ sev5? ye> on #b ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ eigh? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ n9? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ t5? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ twelf? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ sixte5? ye> #a on ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ tw5ty-six? #b ye> on ! ,congo ---- #ch ,( ! above m51 di$ ( hmaturic #i fev] ,( ! above m51 di$ ( mal>ial #ai ,( ! above m51 di$ ( dys5t]y #b ,( ! above m51 di$ ( o!r #f diseases ,di$ 9 a ,london ,hospital f #a canc]\s gr[? 9 ! /oma* ,di$ 9 ,engl& f embolism 7clot #a 9 ! blood-vessels ( ! bra97 ---- ,total #ch ,dur+ rec5t ye>s we h f\nd x advisable = m5 to rema9 out only = a fir/ t]m ( two ye>s in/ead ( ?ree ye>s1 & aft]w>ds f\r ye>s in/ead ( five ye>s z =m]ly4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod #gi ladies h jo9$ ! ,mission4 ,( ^!3 ,di$ #ai ,left z wid[s #aa ,left = p]sonal heal? #aa ,left = husb&'s heal? #d -- #de ,/ill 9 active s]vice #cd -- ,total #gi ,di$ dur+ ! fir/ ye> on ! #e ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! second ye> on ! #a ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! ?ird ye> on ! #b ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! f\r? ye> on ! #e ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! six? ye> on ! #a ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! eigh? ye> on ! #b ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! elev5? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! f\rte5? ye> on #a ! ,congo ,di$ dur+ ! tw5ty-six? ye> #a on ! ,congo -- #ai ,( ! above ladies1 di$ ( #e hmaturic fev] ,( ! above ladies1 di$ ( #g mal>ial fev] ,( ! above ladies1 di$ ( #c pu]p]al fev] ,( ! above ladies1 di$ ( #a m5+itis ,( ! above ladies1 di$ ( #a abscess on ! liv] ,di$ f typhoid fev] at #a ,ea/b\rne ,di$ f "s bra9 tr\ble 9 #a ,am]ica -- #ai ,dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( our ,mission we lo/ ! mo/ ( our m5 ?r\gh bad h\ses1 poor food1 & ignorance ( ! prop] treatm5t ( fev]s1 etc4 ,f #ahgh to #ahij we lo/ 9 twelve ye>s #bj m5 by dea?2 b dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s f #ahia to #aiaa we h lo/ #ah m51 al?\gh we h _h 9 ! field on active s]vice twice1 & sometimes ?rice1 z _m m5 z 9 ! e>li] twelve ye>s4 ,! fir/ ye>s co/ u mo/ de>ly :ile we 7 buy+ our exp]i5ce4 ,i might say t we are total ab/a9]s1 b are will+ to take alcohol m$ic9ally2 & ! smok]s & non-smok]s are ab\t equally divid$4 ,e man & woman mu/ und]go a v /rict & c>eful m$ical exam9ation be=e be+ accept$ by ! ,committee ( ! ,society4 ,x w be se5 t ! fir/ ye> ( a man's life on ! ,congo is ! mo/ crucial "o1 & ! next try+ ye> is ! ?ird1 i4e4 at ! beg9n+ & end ( a man's fir/ t]m ( s]vice4 ,we h alt]$ ! fir/ t]m to two ye>s4 ,9 ! case ( ! ladies ! fir/ ye> & ! f\r? are ! crucial ones4 ,! ladies' fir/ t]m ( s]vice has always be5 two ye>s1 !n "o ye> at home4 ,! figures po9t to ! e>ly mon?s ( ! fir/ & second t]ms z be+ mo/ fatal4 ,x w be notic$ t ! ladies h /ood ! climate bett] ?an ! m52 b !y h nev] r\gh$ x z ! m51 nor d !y ev] h to expose !mselves 9 do+ ! k9d ( "w t necess>ily falls to ! m5--look+ aft] build+1 transport1 etc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,index ,accid5ts1 #cca1 #ccc ,adult]y1 #abh1 #afa ,african ,int]national ,association1 #bj ,alb9os1 #cbe ,ance/ors1 #bfh ,arts & crafts1 #hc2 lea!r-"w1 #hd2 /r+-mak+1 #he2 b>k-clo?1 #hf2 pott]y1 #hg2 metal-"w1 #hi1 #ij2 salt-mak+1 #ia2 songs1 #ic2 c>p5t]+1 #ie ,a/ronomy1 k (1 #ada2 beliefs re sun1 moon1 & />s1 #adb ,bangala tribe1 !1 #ah1 #bg1 #afa2 language1 #dh2 /ation1 #dh2 di/rict1 #afa ,bantu tribe1 !1 #aei1 #afj ,b>k-clo?1 #hf ,b>t]1 sy/em (1 #adc2 & curr5cy1 #ci ,belgian mal-adm9i/ration1 #bj2 atrocities1 #bd1 #be 8,bespoke0 money1 #abc ,blood-bro!rhood1 #gb1 #gc1 #ajj1 #bbf ,blood-feuds1 #ii1 #aha ,bokomela tribe1 !1 #ca1 #cb ,bolobo1 #bjb ,bomuna tribe1 !1 #afa1 #afb1 #afc1 #bej ,bonjoko1 #ii 8,books10 sup]/itions conc]n+1 #dj1 #df1 #dg1 #gd ,boys1 tra9+ (1 #adc1 #ade ,brass rods1 #ci n4 ,bread-mak+1 #cce ,bride-price1 !1 #abc ,build+1 me?ods (1 #fe ,bumba1 #cd1 #ce ,bungundu ,tribe1 !1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj ,burial alive1 #ajc1 #cbj1 #cai2 burial cu/oms1 #ajd1 #aje ,bu%-burn+1 #bbi1 #bcj 8,bu%-p10 !1 #ai ,cannibalism1 #ca1 #fi1 #gj1 #gh1 #ajd ,*>ms1 #ade1 #adf1 #adg1 #bcb1 #bee1 #bhj1 #bhg1 #cjb ,*ild-be>+1 beliefs conc]n+1 #abi1 #acj1 #aca ,*ildr51 tw9s1 #acj1 #acb1 #acc1 #ada1 #bgc1 #bij ,circumcision1 #bih ,cl\d-folk1 #bgd ,c(f9s1 #cag ,congo boy 9 ,engl&1 #gi ,congo ,free ,/ate1 !1 #bj ,congo1 re=ms 9 !1 #be2 ,bolobo ,mission1 #bh2 ,bas91 #aei2 ,riv]1 #afa1 #bcf ,cook]y1 difficulties (1 #dd2 native1 #aag ,corpses1 decoration (1 #caf2 smok+ (1 #cag ,c\nt+1 ,boloki me?od (1 #adb1 #cci-cdh ,c\rt ( ju/ice1 #ahc ,crimes1 native1 #agi ,curiosity1 native1 #gd ,curses1 native1 #bii-cja ,cu/oms1 #bf1 #ajb1 #ajc2 m>riage1 #abb1 #aga1 #agi2 burial1 #cad ,crocodiles1 #ccb ,danc+1 #aai1 #abj1 #bbg1 #cba ,dea?1 ?ree causes (1 #cad2 life aft]1 #cba ,diboko 7,n\velles ,anv]s71 #dh1 #afa1 #afc ,diseases1 #bfi1 #cbe1 #cdd1 #cde2 diagnosis (1 #ccj ,disembodi$ spirits1 #bej1 #bfc1 #bfg ,divorce1 #abh ,dogs1 hunt+1 #bcc ,dreams1 #bfb ,drunk5ness1 #aja ,eboko1 #aad1 #abf ,education1 #ge1 #adj1 #adc ,explosion1 an1 #caf ,families1 social /atus (1 #agj ,fea/s1 #ajd ,feti%es1 #beb-bef2 feti% bell1 #bib1 #cjb ,fi% collect+ = ! ,museum1 #bce2 traps1 #bcf-bdd ,floods1 #bca ,folk-lore1 #aig-bba ,food1 #aag1 #afj ,fun]al c]emonies1 #cbb ,game1 #bcj1 #bca ,games1 #adi-aeh ,goats1 pres5t ( two1 #dd ,gov]nm5t1 democratic1 ( ,boloki tribe1 #agb ,gov]nm5t1 ideal ( ,european1 #bf2 native1 #afi ,graves1 #cah ,heal]s ( special diseases1 #cbg ,hospitality1 #aag1 #acg ,hospitals1 #ccd ,h\ses1 native1 #dc ,human sacrifices1 #ig1 #bfc ,hunt+1 #ade1 #bbi-bcd ,immorality1 #adg ,inh]itance1 laws (1 #aaa1 #ahb ,insanity1 #agc1 #bia ,isl&s1 #afe ,j&o1 #bgb ,judge1 ! *ief1 #agi ,ju/ice1 native ideas (1 #ahb2 c\rt (1 #ahc-ahf2 au?or z judge1 #aib2 typical cases1 #aic-aif ,kiteke tribe1 !1 #beg n4 ,lab\r1 #aad ,lib9za ,lake1 #afa1 #afb1 #afc1 #afe ,l&1 communal rights (1 #aji ,language1 8trade10 #dh2 ,bangala1 #dh1 #ej-ed1 #eg-fd1 #ccf1 #cci ,laws1 native1 #agj1 #agi ,lea!r-"w1 #hd ,leopold ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,belgium1 #bj1 #be ,longa1 #ajg1 #bjb1 #bdi ,love philtres1 #bhf ,l[] ,congo1 ! m5 (1 #afj1 #afb1 #bcj1 #bdf1 #bea1 #bed1 #beg1 #bfg1 #bgf1 #bcj1 #cad1 #cce ,lupus 9 ! ,congo1 #gc n4 ,makwata & 8 talk+ spe>1 #bgh ,manga1 #ajj1 #aja ,mangumbe1 #bfd ,massage1 #cbg ,mata1 #abb1 #agj1 #aga2 ,bwiki1 #afc1 #afi ,matadi1 #ai ,mayeya's long dive1 #bgg ,meat1 mode ( pres]v+1 #bcb ,m$ic9e m51 & wit*-doctors & magic1 #ie1 #ig1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #bcb1 #bea1 #beh ,m$ic9e1 native1 #cbg1 #bgf1 #bhj1 #bhd1 #bic1 #caa1 #cbd ,metal-"w1 #hi1 #ij ,migration ( native tribes1 #afb ,milk-bro!rhood1 #acb ,mission on ! ,congo1 #acg ,mokwete1 /ory (1 #aah ,monanga1 #agj ,monogamy1 #ach1 #aci ,monoka mwa ,nkoi1 #aff ,monsembe ,di/rict1 !1 #cd1 #cf1 #aei1 #afc1 #bca ,mon/]s1 my?ical1 #bgc ,m\rn+1 signs (1 #cbj1 #cba ,moon1 beliefs conc]n+1 #adb1 #bdh ,"m-9-law1 !1 #acc1 #acd ,mungala ,creek1 !1 #afc1 #afd2 riv]1 #afd ,munyata1 murd] (1 #afd ,murd]1 puni%m5t =1 #aha2 detection ( murd]]1 #caj ,musuku1 #bb ,natives1 *>act]i/ics (1 #ag1 #bc1 #bd1 #be1 #aag1 #agd1 #agf1 #agg ,ne!r _w1 !1 #cba ,n\velles ,anv]s ,/ation1 #dh1 #afa1 #afc ,nurs+ ! sick1 #caf ,nzambi1 #bdg ,om5s1 #aca1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bcc1 #bfb ,ordeals1 poison1 #ahb1 #ahe-ahi2 v>i\s1 #aij1 #aia ,palav]s1 #aia ,peace1 ! /eam]1 #bg ,pictures1 le>n+ to read1 #agc ,pione]s1 e>ly ,*ri/ian1 #bb n4 ,polygamy1 #abe1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf1 #aci ,portuguese ,roman ,ca?olic ,mission1 #bd n4 ,pott]y1 #hg ,purification1 rite (1 #ajb ,raid+ exp$itions1 #aff ,railways1 ! n>r[-gauge1 #ai ,ra9-doctors1 #if1 #bhj ,religi\s beliefs1 #bdf1 #bdi1 #bej1 #bea1 #beb1 #bed1 #bee1 #beg1 #beh1 #bfc ,re9c>nation1 belief 91 #acj1 #aih ,riv] rights1 #aaj ,riv]s3 ,congo1 #afa1 #bcg2 ,mobangi1 #afa2 ,welle1 #afa2 ,nrgiri1 #afe2 ,mungala1 #afd ,san ,salvador1 #ag1 #bb1 #beh ,salt-mak+1 #ia ,salutations1 #ajg ,skulls1 use (1 #cbc ,slaves1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aac1 #abe1 #agj ,sleep+-sickness1 treatm5t1 #bhi ,smallpox1 native cure =1 #bhh ,smi?1 a native1 #ij ,snake om51 !1 #aca1 #bbf ,songs1 native1 #ib1 #ic1 #abj ,spirits3 belief 91 #ih1 #bej1 #bfa2 disembodi$1 #bfc2 fe> (1 #bff2 deception (1 #bfg2 effect (1 #bfh2 ( disease1 #bfi1 #cbe2 transf]5ce into crim9als1 #bga1 #bhb2 ( weal?1 #bga2 ( ! bu%1 #bgd2 transf]5ce into spe>s1 #bgd2 9 trees1 #bge2 ( ! saucepan1 #bhf2 possession1 #cbh ,sport1 native1 #add1 #bci ,/anley ,pool1 #ai ,/r+-mak+1 #he ,suicide1 #cbb ,sup]/itions1 #dj1 #df1 #aca1 #afg1 #agf1 #aig1 #bbg1 #bcb1 #bdh1 #cbc ,swimm+1 #add ,taboos1 #hd1 #aad1 #bid2 p]man5t1 #aif2 tempor>y1 #big2 removal (1 #bih1 #cbf ,tattoo+1 #adj1 #ada1 #afg ,tee?1 *isell+ (1 #ada ,!ft1 #adg1 #age1 #ahj2 detection ( ?ief1 #caj ,"t1 sy/em ( reckon+1 #adb ,trade & curr5cy1 #aad1 #aae1 #adc ,trade r\tes1 #ba1 #bb ,trad+ factories1 #bb ,transmigration1 #aig ,traps1 game1 #ade1 #bcc1 #bcd1 #bcf ,tribal m>ks1 #afg ,totems1 #aca1 #acb1 #adg1 #bid ,tw9s1 treatm5t (1 #acj 8,und]tak]s10 native1 #cag ,upp] ,congo1 #ag1 #di1 #abi1 #bcj1 #bcg1 #bdf1 #bhj1 #ccb ,villages1 #aae ,virg9s1 #acf ,vocabul>y1 collect+ a1 #ej-ed1 #eg-fa ,w>1 tribal1 #fh1 #aaf2 ! family fight1 #bbb2 ! t[n fight1 #bbd ,weapons1 #bbg1 #bbh ,w9e3 sug>-cane1 #ajj1 #bed1 #cbb1 #cce2 palm1 #cce ,wom53 native treatm5t (1 #gg1 #gh1 #ie2 wid[s1 #aaa1 #aag2 family life1 #aai2 m>riage1 #abb-abf2 divorce1 #abh2 qu>rels ab\t1 #bbf2 disposal ( wid[s1 #aaa1 #cba2 m\rn+ ( wid[s1 #cba2 rights ( wives1 #abe2 loan ( wives1 #abe2 self-def5ce ( wives1 #abf2 ex*ange ( wives1 #abh1 #bfd2 inh]it$ wives1 #ahb2 :ite1 #cdg ,workm51 native1 #ha1 #hb ,zanzib>is1 !1 #bj1 #ba ,,william ,,br5don ,,& ,,son1 ,,ltd4 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,plym\? ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,= 8,,among ,,congo ,,cannibals40 ,,%eley1 ,,s]vice ,,co41 ,,limit$1 #ch ,,great ,,russell ,,/reet4 ,,london4 7,click on map = l>g] v]sion47 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,miss+ or obscur$ punctuation 0 sil5tly correct$4 ,typographical errors 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation 7 made consi/5t only :5 a pr$om9ant =m 0 f\nd 9 ?is book4 ,text t3 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics72 0 9 bold by is enclos$ by 8equal0 signs 7bold74