,illu/ration3 ,,pi]re ,,curie ,,9 #aijf4 ,hellog ,duj>d9 ,duj>d9 ,imp4 ,*4 ,wtmann ,,pi]re ,,curie ,,by ,,m>ie ,,curie ,translat$ by ,,*>lotte ,,& ,,v]non ,,kellogg ,,) ,,an ,,introduction ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,br[n ,,meloney ,,& ,,autobiographical ,,notes ,,by ,,m>ie ,,curie ,,illu/rat$ ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aibc ,copyright1 #aibc1 ,by ,,m>ie ,,curie4 ,x is possible to conceive t 9 crim9al h&s radium might prove v dang]\s1 & ! "q !re=e arises :e!r x be to ! advantage ( humanity to "k ! secrets ( nature1 :e!r we he suffici5tly mature to pr(it by !m1 or :e!r t k may n prove h>mful4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! discov]ies ( ,nobel--p[]ful explosives h made x possible = m5 to a*ieve admirable ?+s1 b !y are also a t]rible means ( de/ruction 9 ! h&s ( ^? great crim9als :o draw nations into w>4 ,i am among ^? :o believe ) ,nobel t humanity w obta9 m good ?an evil f future discov]ies4 ,,pi]re ,,curie1 ,nobel ,conf]5ce1 #aijc4 ,,translators' ,,note ,! translators wi% to ackn[l$ge _! obligations to ,dr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,moore1 ,*ief ,*emi/1 ,u4 ,s4 ,bureau ( ,m9es1 & an ,am]ican au?ority on radium1 :o k9dly read ! :ole translation 9 manuscript 9 ord] to assure its accuracy z to ! te*nical details ref]r$ to by ,madame ,curie 9 h] acc\nt ( ! "w ( h] husb& & h]self on radium4 ,,preface ,x is n )\t hesitation t ,i h und]tak5 to write ! biography ( ,pi]re ,curie4 ,i %\ld h pref]r$ confid+ ?is task to "s relative or "s fri5d ( 8 infancy :o _h foll[$ 8 :ole life intimately & possess$ z full a k ( 8 e>lie/ ye>s z ( ^? aft] 8 m>riage4 ,jacques ,curie1 ,pi]re's bro!r & ! companion ( 8 y\?1 0 b\nd to him by ! t5d]e/ affection4 ,b aft] 8 appo9tm5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,montpelli]1 he liv$ f> f ,pi]re1 & he !re=e insi/$ t ,i %\ld write ! biography1 believ+ t no "o else bett] knew & und]/ood ! life ( 8 bro!r4 ,he communicat$ to me all 8 p]sonal memories2 & to ?is important contribution1 :i* ,i h utiliz$ 9 full1 ,i h add$ details relat$ by my husb& himself & a few ( 8 fri5ds4 ,?us ,i h recon/itut$ z be/ ,i c\ld t "p ( 8 exi/5ce t ,i did n "k directly4 ,i h1 9 addition1 tri$ fai?fully to express ! pr(\nd impression 8 p]sonality made ^u me dur+ ! ye>s ( our life toge!r4 ,?is n>rative is1 to be sure1 nei!r complete nor p]fect4 ,i hope1 nev]!less1 t ! picture x gives ( ,pi]re ,curie is n de=m$1 & t x w help to cons]ve 8 memory4 ,i wi%1 too1 t x might rem9d ^? :o knew him ( ! reasons = :i* !y lov$ him4 ,m4 ,c4 ,,cont5ts ,introduction ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,curie ,family4 ,infancy & ,fir/ ,/udies ( ,pi]re ,curie ,,ii4 ,dreams ( ,y\?4 ,fir/ ,sci5tific ,"w4 ,discov]y ( ,piezo-,electricity ,,iii4 ,life z ! ,director ( ,laboratory ,"w 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry4 ,g5]alization ( ! ,pr9ciple ( ,symmetry4 ,inve/igations ( ,magnetism ,,iv4 ,m>riage & ,organization ( ,family ,life4 ,p]sonality & ,"* ,v4 ,! ,dream ,become a ,reality4 ,! ,discov]y ( ,radium ,,vi4 ,! ,/ruggle = ,means to ,"w4 ,! ,burd5 ( ,celebrity4 ,! ,fir/ ,assi/ance f ! ,/ate4 ,x ,comes ,too ,late ,,vii4 ,! ,nation's ,sorr[4 ,! ,laboratories3 ,sacr$ ,places ,autobiographical ,notes--,m>ie ,curie ,,illu/rations ,pi]re ,curie 9 #aijf4 ,pi]re & ,m>ie ,curie 9 _! laboratory1 :]e radium 0 discov]$4 ,a view ( ! extraction ( radium 9 ! old %$ :]e ! fir/ radium 0 obta9$4 ,pi]re ,curie ) ! qu>tz piezo-electroscope he inv5t$1 by :i* rays ( radium are measur$4 ,a view ( ! extraction ( radium 9 ! old %$ :]e ! fir/ radium 0 obta9$4 ,mme4 ,curie in/ruct+ ,am]ican soldi]s 9 h] ,p>is laboratory4 ,madame ,curie 9 h] laboratory at ! ,in/itut ,curie1 ,p>is4 ,mme4 ,curie & ,presid5t ,h>d+ at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 ,may #bj1 #aiba1 :5 a gram ( radium 0 pres5t$ to its discov]] by ! wom5 ( ,am]ica4 ,,pi]re ,,curie ,,! ,,life ,,/ory ,,( ,,pi]re ,,curie ,,introduction ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,br[n ,,meloney ,e little :ile a man or a woman is born to s]ve 9 "s big way4 ,su* a "o surely is ,m>ie ,curie4 ,h] discov]y ( radium has advanc$ sci5ce1 reliev$ human suff]+ & enri*$ ! _w4 ,! _s 9 :i* %e has done h] "w has *all5g$ ! m9ds & s\ls ( m54 ,"o morn+ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahih1 :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 go+ to w> ) ,spa91 ,madame ,curie /epp$ =? f a crude %ack on ! outskirts ( ,p>is1 ) ! greate/ secret ( ! c5tury lit]ally 9 ! palm ( h] h&4 ,x 0 "o ( ! sil5t1 unh]ald$ great mom5ts 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,! discov]y :i* _h become a fact t morn+ 0 no accid5t4 ,x 0 a triumph ov] h>d%ip & d\bt+ m54 ,x repres5t$ ye>s ( pati5t labor4 ,madame ,curie & h] husb&1 ,pi]re ,curie1 _h wre/$ f ,"m ,e>? "o ( h] mo/ priceless secrets4 ,i h be5 ask$ to tell :y ,i und]took ! ,m>ie ,curie ,radium ,campaign & h[ ,i p]suad$ ,madame ,curie to write ?is book4 ,x is ) mu* hesitancy t ,i v5ture to write a preface to ?is book4 ,%e once *id$ me1 9 h] g5tle way1 = an article 9 :i* ,i _h /at$ facts ) "s feel+--al?\gh ! facts prais$ h]4 ,9 sci5ce1 %e said1 we %\ld be int]e/$ 9 ?+s1 n p]sons4 ,madame ,curie is ! mo/ mode/ ( wom54 ,x is only aft] long p]suasion t %e has cons5t$ to record ! autobiographical notes conta9$ 9 ?is book4 ,/ill1 s mu* has be5 left unsaid1 un9t]pret$1 t ,i feel an obligation to say a ^w t[>d a full] und]/&+ ( ?is great & noble "*4 ,9 #aiae ,i wrote 9 my editor's sugge/ion book3 ,greate/ woman's /ory 9 ! _w--,m>ie ,curie1 discov]] ( radium4 ,= ! next f\r ye>s sc>cely any writ] ( prom95ce w5t abroad )\t a commission f me to br+ back ! /ory ( ,madame ,curie4 ,always !y return$ ) ! report3 ,%e 0 n to be f\nd1 or ,%e 0 at ! front some:]e1 or ,%e won't see j\rnali/s4 ,my own lett]s to ,madame ,curie br\ght no reply4 ,i did n "k !n t great bags ( mail f all p>ts ( ! _w lay pil$ up 9 h] laboratory :]e !re 0 no secret>y1 :ile ,madame ,curie ) h] ,x-ray app>atus 0 at ! front1 reliev+ suff]+ & sav+ lives4 ,9 ,may1 #aiai1 ano!r mission took me to ,p>is & ,i resolv$ to see ,madame ,curie myself4 ,my fri5d1 ,/phane ,lauzanne1 ,editor-9-,*ief ( ,le ,mat91 said3 ,give x up4 ,become int]e/$ 9 some?+ else2 %e w see no "o4 ,%e does no?+ b "w4 ,i began to ask que/ions4 ,%e is v simple & exce$+ly retir+1 said ,lauzanne4 ,few ?+s 9 life are m di/a/eful to h] ?an publicity4 ,h] m9d is z exact & logical z sci5ce itself4 ,%e _c accept or und]/& exagg]ations & inaccurate quotations4 ,%e _c und]/& :y sci5ti/s1 r ?an sci5ce1 %\ld be discuss$ 9 ! press4 ,!re are b two ?+s = h]--h] little family & h] "w4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,pi]re ,curie1 ! faculty & (ficials ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is decid$ to dep>t f all prec$5t & appo9t a woman to a full pr(essor%ip at ! ,sorbonne4 ,madame ,curie accept$ ! appo9tm5t & ! date 0 set = h] in/allation4 ,x 0 ! hi/ory-mak+ aft]noon ( ,octob] #e?1 #aijf4 ,! memb]s ( ! class :i* _h =m]ly be5 in/ruct$ by ,pr(essor ,pi]re ,curie 7 seat$ 9 "o gr\p4 ,!re 0 pres5t a l>ge cr[d--celebrities1 /atesm51 academicians1 all ! faculty4 ,sudd5ly ?r\gh a small side door ent]$ a woman all 9 black1 ) pale h&s & high ar*$ =ehead4 ,! magnific5t =ehead won notice fir/4 ,x 0 n m]ely a woman :o /ood be=e u1 b a bra9--a liv+ ?\ght4 ,h] appe>ance 0 en?usia/ically applaud$ = five m9utes4 ,:5 ! applause di$ d[n1 ,madame ,curie b5t =w>d ) slightly trembl+ lips4 ,we wond]$ :at %e 0 ab\t to say4 ,x 0 important4 ,x 0 hi/ory1 :atev] %e said4 ,9 ! =egr\nd sat a /5ograph]1 ready to record h] words4 ,w\ld %e speak ( h] husb&8 ,w\ld %e ?ank ! ,m9i/] & ! public8 ,no1 %e began q simply z foll[s3 ',:5 we consid] ! progress made by ! !ories ( radio-activity s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury--' ,! important ?+ to ?is great woman is "w4 ,"t %\ld n be wa/$ 9 idle words4 ,& s1 disp5s+ ) all sup]ficial =mality1 ) no betrayal ( ! trem5d\s emotion :i* all b ov]came h]--except by ! extreme pallor ( h] face & ! trembl+ ( h] lips--%e cont9u$ h] lecture 9 cle>1 well-modulat$ tones4 ,x 0 typical ( ?is great s\l t %e %\ld c>ry on _! "w c\rage\sly & )\t falt]+4 ,y w see1 conclud$ ,lauzanne1 x is useless to try to int]rupt h] "w = int]views4 ,lat] ,i met "o ( ,madame ,curie's fell[ sci5ti/s :o sympa?iz$ ) my desire1 b :o agre$ ) ,lauzanne t an int]view 0 impossible4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 he promis$ to c>ry a lett] to ,madame ,curie4 ,i wrote t5 lett]s & de/roy$ !m4 ,9 "o ,i said3 ,my fa!r1 :o 0 a m$ical man1 wrote3 ',x is impossible to exagg]ate ! unimportance ( p4' ,b y h be5 important to me = tw5ty ye>s1 & ,i want to see y a few m9utes4 ,! answ] came )9 an h\r4 ,i 0 to g to ! laboratory ! next morn+4 ,i _h be5 9 ,mr4 ,edison's laboratory a few weeks be=e sail+ f home4 ,edison is ri* 9 ! mat]ial ?+s--z he %\ld be4 ,e k9d ( equipm5t is at 8 comm&4 ,he is a p[] 9 ! f9ancial z well z ! sci5tific _w4 ,9 my *ildhood ,i _h liv$ ne> ,alex&] ,graham ,bell2 _h admir$ 8 great h\se & 8 f9e horses4 ,a %ort "t be=e1 ,i _h be5 9 ,pittsburgh1 :]e ! sky is plum$ by ! tall smoke /acks ( ! greate/ radium r$uction plants 9 ! _w4 ,i rememb]$ t millions ( doll>s _h be5 sp5t on radium wat*es & radium gun sights4 ,sev]al millions ( doll>s' wor? ( radium 0 ev5 !n /or$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i _h be5 prep>$ to meet a woman ( ! _w1 enri*$ by h] own ef=ts & e/abli%$ 9 "o ( ! :ite palaces ( ! ,*amps d',elyses or "s o!r beautiful b\lev>d ( ,p>is4 ,i f\nd a simple woman1 work+ 9 an inadequate laboratory & liv+ 9 a simple ap>tm5t on ! meag] pay ( a ,fr5* pr(essor4 ,z ,i ent]$ ! new build+ at ,numb] ,"o ,rue ,pi]re ,curie1 :i* /&s out conspicu\sly among ! old walls ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 ,i _h already =m$ a picture ( ! laboratory ( ! discov]] ( radium4 ,i wait$ a few m9utes 9 ! b>e little (fice :i* might h be5 furni%$ f ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*igan4 ,!n ! door op5$ & ,i saw a pale1 timid little woman 9 a black cotton dress1 ) ! sadde/ face ,i _h ev] look$ ^u4 ,h] well-=m$ h&s 7 r\gh4 ,i notic$ a *>act]i/ic1 n]v\s little habit ( rubb+ ! tips ( h] f+]s ov] ! pad ( h] ?umb 9 quick succession4 ,i le>n$ lat] t work+ ) radium _h made !m numb4 ,h] k9d1 pati5t1 beautiful face _h ! deta*$ expression ( a s*ol>4 ,sudd5ly ,i felt l an intrud]4 ,i 0 /ruck dumb4 ,my timidity exce$$ h] own4 ,i _h be5 a tra9$ int]rogator = tw5ty ye>s1 b ,i c\ld n ask a s+le "q ( ?is g5tle woman 9 a black cotton dress4 ,i tri$ to expla9 t ,am]ican wom5 7 int]e/$ 9 h] great "w1 & f\nd myself apologiz+ = intrud+ ^u h] preci\s "t4 ,to put me at my ease1 ,madame ,curie began to talk ab\t ,am]ica4 ,%e _h = _m ye>s want$ to visit my c\ntry1 b %e c\ld n be sep>at$ f h] *ildr54 ,am]ica1 %e said1 has ab\t fifty grammes ( radium4 ,f\r ( ^! are 9 ,baltimore1 six 9 ,d5v]1 sev5 9 ,new ,york4 ,%e w5t on nam+ ! location ( e gra94 ,& 9 ,france8 ,i ask$4 ,my laboratory1 %e repli$ simply1 has h>dly m ?an a gramme4 ,y h only a gramme8 ,i exclaim$4 ,t meant less ?an "o-tw5ty-n9? ( an ounce4 ,i8 ,oh1 ,i h none1 %e correct$4 ,x belongs to my laboratory4 ,i sugge/$ royalties on h] pat5ts4 ,surely %e _h protect$ h] "r to ! processes by :i* radium is produc$4 ,! rev5ue f su* pat5ts %\ld h made h] a v ri* woman4 ,quietly1 & )\t any seem+ consci\sness ( ! trem5d\s r5unciation1 %e said1 ,!re 7 no pat5ts4 ,we 7 work+ 9 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce4 ,radium 0 n to enri* any "o4 ,radium is an elem5t4 ,x belongs to all p4 ,%e _h contribut$ to ! progress ( sci5ce & ! relief ( human suff]+1 & yet1 9 ! prime ( h] life %e 0 )\t ! tools :i* w\ld enable h] to make fur!r contribution ( h] g5ius4 ,if y _h ! :ole _w to *oose f1 ,i ask$ impulsively1 :at w\ld y take8 ,x 0 a silly "q1 p]haps1 b z x happ5$1 a fateful "o4 ,y ought to h ev]y?+ 9 ! _w y ne$ to g on ) y\r "w1 ,i said4 ,"s "o mu/ und]take ?is4 ,:o w8 %e ask$ r hopelessly4 ,! wom5 ( ,am]ica1 ,i promis$--& !n ,i rose to g4 ,t week ,i le>n$ t ! m>ket price ( a gramme ( radium 0 "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,i also le>n$ t ,madame ,curie's laboratory1 al?\gh practically a new build+1 0 )\t suffici5t equipm5t2 t ! radium held !re 0 us$ at t "t only = extract+ emanations = hospital use 9 canc] treatm5t4 ,i saw ,madame ,curie at ! ,in/itute aga9 & !n 9 h] own home--a small ap>tm5t 9 ! ,ile ,/4 ,l\is1 :]e %e liv$ ) h] two daught]s4 ,x 0 a happy1 busy little family4 ,!y _h no prote/ aga9/ life except to regret t lack ( equipm5t int]f]$ ) ! important rese>* "w ,madame ,curie & h] daught]1 ,ir5e1 %\ld h be5 do+4 ,x 0 my hope :5 ,i arriv$ 9 ,new ,york1 a few weeks aft]w>ds1 to f9d t5 wom5 to subscribe t5 ?\s& doll>s ea* = ! pur*ase ( a gramme ( radium1 & 9 ?is way to enable ,madame ,curie to g on ) h] "w1 )\t ! publicity ( a g5]al campaign4 ,t hope 0 soon da%$4 ,i f\nd "o or two su* wom51 b n t54 ,!re 7 n t5 to buy t gramme ( radium b !re 7 a hundr$ ?\s& wom5 & a gr\p ( m5 to help1 :o det]m9$ ! money mu/ be rais$4 ,my fir/ direct & sub/antial support came f ,mrs4 ,william ,vaughn ,moody1 wid[ ( ! ,am]ican poet & playwright4 ,:5 we f\nd x w\ld be necess>y to laun* a national campaign1 ,mrs4 ,rob]t ,g4 ,mead1 a doctor's daught]1 & "o :o _h be5 a /&by 9 canc] prev5tion "w1 became secret>y1 & ,mrs4 ,ni*olas ,f4 ,brady an executive memb] ( ! committee4 ,beh9d ^! wom5 /ood a gr\p ( sci5tific m51 :o knew :at radium _h meant to humanity1 among !m ,dr4 ,rob]t ,abbe1 ! fir/ ,am]ican surgeon to use radium1 & ,dr4 ,francis ,c>t] ,wood4 ,9 less ?an a ye> ! fund _h be5 rais$4 ,/phane ,lauzanne describes a second impressive mom5t 9 ! life ( ,madame ,curie4 ,x 0 ne>ly a ye> aft] my talk ) h]4 ,x 0 fifte5 ye>s s9ce t sc5e at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,^! ye>s _h be5 sp5t 9 h] laboratory2 %e _h made no public appe>ance4 ,x 0 9 ,m>*1 #aiba1 t ,monsieur ,lauzanne he>d h] voice aga94 ,i lift$ ! telephone receiv]1 he relates1 & he>d ^! words3 ',madame ,curie wi%es to speak to y4' ,:at extraord9>y ev5t--:at trag$y1 p]haps1 might ?is n mean8 ,& sudd5ly1 ov] ! wire came ! s\nd ( ! voice :i* ,i _h he>d only once be=e1 b :i* _h /ay$ 9 my memory--! same voice :i* _h once pron\nc$ ! words1 ',:5 we consid] ! progress made by ! !ories ( radio-activity s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury----' ',i want$ to tell y t ,i am go+ to ,am]ica1' %e said4 ',x 0 v h>d = me to decide to g1 because ,am]ica is s f> & s big4 ,if "s "o did n come = me1 ,i %\ld probably nev] h made ! trip4 ,i %\ld h be5 too fright5$4 ,b to ?is fe> is add$ a great joy4 ,i h devot$ my life to ! sci5ce ( radio-activity & ,i "k all we owe to ,am]ica 9 ! field ( sci5ce4 ,i am told y are among ^? :o /rongly favor ?is di/ant trip1 s ,i want$ to tell y ,i h decid$ to g1 b please don't let any "o "k ab\t x4' ,?is great woman--! greate/ woman 9 ,france--0 speak+ halt+ly1 trembl+ly1 almo/ l a little girl4 ,%e1 :o h&les daily a p>ticle ( radium m dang]\s ?an lightn+1 0 afraid :5 confront$ by ! necessity ( appe>+ be=e ! public4 ,a little lat]1 :5 ,madame ,curie & ,i _h emb>k$ = ,am]ica1 :]e %e 0 to receive h] radium & o!r exp]im5tal mat]ial1 ,i ask$ h] if1 ! day ,i _h fir/ giv5 h] ! promise1 %e _h believ$ t ,am]ican wom5 w\ld rally to h] aid4 ,no1 %e confess$ hone/ly1 b ,i knew y 7 s9c]e4 ,ab\t ! "t ( h] m>riage1 "o ( h] relatives gave ,madame ,curie a gift ( money to be us$ = a tr\sseau4 ,x 0 n a great sum1 b important to ! poor /ud5t 9 ,p>is4 ,to und]/& ! significance ( ! use to :i* %e put ?is fund1 x is necess>y to rememb] t ,m>ie ,sklod[ska 0 "y1 & possess$ physical beauty & *>m4 ,%e 0 n )\t appreciation ( ! beautiful1 & %e c\ld n possibly h be5 utt]ly unconsci\s ( h] own appe>ance4 ,%e _h a "y girl's natural int]e/ 9 pretty clo!s4 ,%e consid]$ ! pur*ase ( a w$d+ g[n & o!r p]sonal belong+s1 & !n1 ) h] *>act]i/ic exactness1 measur$ h] ne$s & ! future4 ,%e 0 m>ri$ 9 a simple dress %e _h br\ght f ,pol&1 & h] tr\sseau fund 0 sp5t on two bicycles1 s t %e & ,pi]re ,curie might enjoy ! beautiful c\ntry ( ,france4 ,t 0 _! honeymoon4 ,"o dream t ,madame ,curie held1 & /ill holds unrealiz$1 is ! hope ( a quiet little home ( h] own ) a g>d5 & h$ge1 & fl[]s & birds4 ,dur+ h] ,am]ican travels1 %e w\ld frequ5tly glance ?r\gh ! w9d[ z ! tra9 pass$ ?r\gh a small t[n1 &1 spy+ "s mode/ little h\se ) a g>d51 w\ld say1 ,i h always want$ su* a little home4 ,b own+ a h\se 0 second>y 9 ! life ( bo? ,pi]re & ,m>ie ,curie4 ,!y simply made a home :]ev] !y liv$1 = su* money z might h gone = ! pur*ase ( h] little dream h\se 0 always ne$$ 9 ! laboratory4 ,%e told me "o day1 ) deep feel+1 t "o ( ! regrets ( h] life 0 t ,pi]re ,curie _h di$ )\t ev] hav+ _h a p]man5t laboratory4 ,%e _h1 z ,i h said1 refus$ opportunities to come to ! ,unit$ ,/ates because %e c\ld n endure sep>ation f h] *ildr54 ,%e 01 ,i ?9k1 f9ally p]suad$ to face ! long trip & ! t]rify+ publicity att5d+ x1 p>tly because ( h] gratitude = ! support giv5 h] sci5tific "w1 b pr9cipally because x (f]$ a spl5did opportunity = travel to h] daught]s4 ,!re is 9 ,madame ,curie none ( ! leg5d>y coldness & ?\ghtlessness attribut$ to ! sci5ti/4 ,dur+ ! w>1 :5 %e ran h] own radiological truck & liv$ on ! m>* f hospital to hospital 9 ! zone ( op]ations1 %e wa%$ & dri$ & press$ h] own clo!s4 ,once dur+ our ,am]ican travels1 we /ay$ 9 a home :]e !re 7 sev]al o!r h\se gue/s besides our p>ty ( five4 ,i ent]$ ,madame ,curie's room & f\nd h] wa%+ h] und]clo!s4 ,x is no?+ at all1 %e said1 :5 ,i prote/$4 ,i "k p]fectly well h[ to d x1 & ) all ( ^! extra gue/s 9 ! h\se1 ! s]vants h en\gh to d4 ,on ! night be=e ! reception at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 at :i* ,presid5t ,h>d+ 0 to pres5t ! gramme ( radium to ,madame ,curie1 ! ,de$ 0 br\ght to ,madame ,curie4 ,x 0 a beautifully engrav$ scroll1 prep>$ 9 ! (fice ( ,c\d]t ,bro!rs1 ve/+ all rights to a gramme ( radium1 ! gift ( ,am]ican wom51 9 ,madame ,curie4 ,%e read ! pap] c>efully1 & !n1 aft] a few mom5ts ( ?\ght1 said3 ,x is v f9e & g5]\s1 b x mu/ n be left ?is way4 ,?is gramme ( radium repres5ts a great deal ( money1 b m ?an t1 x repres5ts ! wom5 ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is n = me2 x is = sci5ce4 ,i am n well2 ,i may die any day4 ,my daught] ,eve is n ( legal age1 & if ,i %\ld die x w\ld mean t ?is radium w\ld g to my e/ate & w\ld be divid$ betwe5 my daught]s4 ,x is n = t purpose4 ,?is radium mu/ be consecrat$ = all "t to ! use ( sci5ce4 ,w y h y\r lawy] draw a pap] :i* w make ?is v cle>8 ,i said t x w\ld be done 9 a few days4 ,x mu/ be done to-night1 %e said4 ,to-morr[ ,i receive ! radium1 & ,i might die tomorr[4 ,too mu* is at /ake4 ,& s1 late z x 0 on t hot ,may ev5+1 aft] "s difficulty1 we secur$ ! s]vices ( a lawy]1 :o prep>$ ! pap] f a draft ,madame ,curie h]self _h writt54 ,%e sign$ x be=e />t+ = ,wa%+ton4 ,?is docum5t read3 ,9 ! ev5t ( my dea? ,i give to ! ,in/itut du ,radium1 ( ,p>is1 = exclusive use 9 ! ,laboratoire ,curie1 ! gramme ( radium :i* 0 giv5 to me by ! ,executive ,committee ( ,wom5 ( ! ,m>ie ,curie ,radium ,fund1 pursuant to an agreem5t dat$ ! #ai? day ( ,may1 #aiba4 ,?is act 0 consi/5t ) ! :ole life ( ! discov]] ( radium2 ) ! answ] %e _h made to my "q a ye> be=e3 ,radium is n to enri* any "o4 ,x is an elem5t2 x is = all p4 ,dur+ h] ,am]ican travels1 ,i repeat$ly reque/$ ,madame ,curie to write ! /ory ( h] life4 ,i urg$ its importance to hi/ory & its influ5ce among /ud5ts prep>+ to consecrate _! lives to sci5ce4 ,f9ally %e cons5t$4 ,b x w n be mu* ( a book1 %e said4 ,x is su* an unev5tful1 simple little /ory4 ,i 0 born 9 ,w>saw ( a family ( tea*]s4 ,i m>ri$ ,pi]re ,curie & _h two *ildr54 ,i h done my "w 9 ,france4 ,a simple /atem5t1 b fraught ) :at mean+6 ,:5 mo/ ( u %all h be5 =gott51 :5 ev5 ! ,great ,_w ,w> %all h dw9dl$ to a few pages 9 ! hi/ory books1 :5 ,gov]nm5ts %all h fall5 & ris5 & fall5 aga91 ! "w ( ,m>ie ,curie w be rememb]$4 ,( h] "w & h] husb&'s1 volumes--v]itable libr>ies--h be5 writt5 s9ce t spr+ morn+ 9 #ahih1 :5 aft] an all night vigil 9 a %ack on ! outskirts ( ,p>is1 %e came =? ) ! great gift ( radium to mank9d4 ,sci5ti/s w g on add+ to ! bibliography ( ! m>vel\s elem5t4 ,b ( ,m>ie ,curie h]self1 ! woman1 x is unlikely t ! _w w ev] read m ?an ! brief notes :i* compose ?is small book4 ,x is h] conviction1 h] philosophy1 t ,9 sci5ce we %\ld be int]e/$ 9 ?+s1 n p]sons4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,curie ,,family4 ,,infancy ,,& ,,fir/ ,,/udies ,,( ,,pi]re ,,curie ,pi]re ,curie's p>5ts1 :o 7 educat$ & intellig5t1 =m$ a "p ( ! petite b\rgeoisie ( small means4 ,!y did n frequ5t fa%ionable society1 b conf9$ !mselves entirely to ! companion%ip ( _! relatives & a few intimate fri5ds4 ,eugne ,curie1 ,pi]re's fa!r1 0 a physician & ! son ( a physician4 ,he knew v few k9sm5 ( 8 "n1 & v little ab\t ! ,curie family1 :i* 0 ( ,alsatian 7,eugne ,curie 0 born at ,mulh\se 9 #ahbg7 & ,prote/ant orig94 ,ev5 ?\gh 8 fa!r 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,london1 ,eugne _h be5 br\ght up 9 ,p>is1 :]e he pursu$ 8 /udies 9 ! natural sci5ces & m$ic9e1 & work$ z prep>ator "u ,gratiollet 9 ! laboratories ( ! ,museum4 ,doctor ,eugne ,curie's rem>kable p]sonality impress$ all :o approa*$ him4 ,he 0 a tall man1 :o 9 y\? mu/ h be5 blonde1 ) beautiful blue eyes ( a cle>ness & brilliancy t 7 /rik+ ev5 9 an advanc$ old age4 ,^! eyes1 :i* _h reta9$ a *ild-l expression1 reflect$ goodness & intellig5ce4 ,he _h inde$ unusual intellectual capacities1 a v live aptitude = ! natural sci5ces1 & ! temp]am5t ( a s*ol>4 ,al?\gh he wi%$ to consecrate 8 life to sci5tific "w1 family responsibilities foll[+ 8 m>riage & ! bir? ( two sons =c$ him to r5\nce ?is desire4 ,! necessities ( life oblig$ him to practice 8 m$ical pr(ession4 ,he cont9u$1 h[ev]1 su* exp]im5tal rese>* z 8 means p]mitt$1 9 p>ticul> und]tak+ an inve/igation ^u inoculation = tub]culosis at a "t :5 ! bact]ial nature ( ?is malady 0 n yet e/abli%$4 ,8 sci5tific avocations develop$ 9 him ! habit ( mak+ excursions 9 se>* ( ! plants & animals necess>y to 8 exp]im5ts1 & ?is habit1 z well z 8 love ( ,nature1 gave him a m>k$ pref]5ce = c\ntry life4 ,until ! end ( 8 life he cons]v$ 8 love = sci5ce1 &1 )\t d\bt1 also1 8 regret at n hav+ be5 able to devote himself exclusively to x4 ,8 m$ical c>e] rema9$ always a mode/ "o1 b x reveal$ rem>kable qualities ( devotion & dis9t]e/$ness4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,revolution ( #ahdh1 :5 he 0 /ill a /ud5t1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,republic conf]r$ on him a m$al1 = 8 honorable & c\rage\s conduct 9 s]v+ ! w\nd$4 ,he himself _h be5 /ruck1 on ,febru>y #bd?1 by a ball :i* %att]$ a "p ( 8 jaw4 ,a little lat]1 dur+ a *ol]a epidemic1 he in/all$ himself1 9 ord] t he might look aft] ! sick1 9 a qu>t] ( ,p>is des]t$ by physicians4 ,dur+ ! ,commune he e/abli%$ a hospital 9 8 ap>tm5t 7rue de la ,visitation7 ne> :i* !re 0 a b>ricade1 & !re he c>$ = ! w\nd$4 ,?r\gh ?is act ( civism & because ( 8 advanc$ convictions he lo/ a "p ( 8 b\rgeois patronage4 ,at ?is "t he accept$ ! position ( m$ical inspector ( ! organization = ! protection ( "y *ildr54 ,! duties ( ?is po/ p]mitt$ him to live 9 ! suburbs ( ,p>is :]e heal? conditions = himself & 8 family 7 mu* bett] ?an ^? ( ! city4 ,doctor ,curie _h v pron\nc$ political convictions4 ,temp]am5tally an ideali/1 he _h embrac$ ) ardor t republican doctr9e :i* inspir$ ! revolution>ies ( #ahdh4 ,he 0 unit$ 9 fri5d%ip ) ,h5ri ,brisson & ! m5 ( 8 gr\p4 ,l !m1 a free ?9k] & an anticl]ical1 he did n h 8 sons baptiz$1 nor did he h !m practice any =m ( religion4 ,pi]re's "m1 ,claire ,dep\illy1 0 ! daught] ( a prom95t manufactur] ( ,puteaux1 ne> ,p>is4 ,h] fa!r & bro!rs di/+ui%$ !mselves ?r\gh _! num]\s inv5tions connect$ ) ! mak+ ( dyes & special tissues4 ,! family1 :i* 0 ( ,savoy1 0 caught 9 ! bus9ess cata/rophe caus$ by ! ,revolution ( #ahdh1 & ru9$4 ,& ^! rev]ses ( =tune1 add$ to ^? :i* ,doctor ,curie _h exp]i5c$ dur+ 8 c>e]1 meant t he & 8 family liv$ always 9 comp>atively /raight5$ circum/ances1 ) ! difficulties ( exi/5ce (t5 r5ew$4 ,ev5 ?\gh rais$ = a life ( ease1 ,pi]re's "m accept$ ) tranquil c\rage ! prec>i\s conditions :i* life br\ght h]1 & gave pro( ( an extreme devotion z %e made life easi] = h] husb& & *ildr5 by h] activity & h] good w4 ,if ! circum/ances 9 :i* ,jacques & ,pi]re grew up 7 mode/ & n free f c>es1 nev]!less !re reign$ 9 ! family an atmosph]e ( g5tl5ess & affection4 ,9 speak+ to me = ! fir/ "t ( 8 p>5ts1 ,pi]re ,curie said t !y 7 exquisite4 ,!y 71 9 tru?1 t4 ,! fa!r's _s 0 a little au?oritative--always awake & active4 ,& he possess$ a r>e unselfi%ness4 ,he nei!r wi%$ nor knew h[ to pr(it by p]sonal relations to ameliorate 8 condition4 ,he lov$ 8 wife & sons t5d]ly1 & 0 ev] ready to aid all :o ne$$ him4 ,! "m 0 slight1 vivid 9 "*1 &1 ev5 ?\gh h] heal? _h suff]$ ?r\gh ! bir? ( h] sons1 0 always gay & active 9 ! simple home t %e s well knew h[ to make attractive & hospitable4 ,:5 ,i fir/ knew !m !y liv$ at ,sceaux1 rue des ,sablons 7to-day rue ,pi]re ,curie7 9 a little h\se ( anci5t con/ruction half conceal$ amid/ ! v]dure ( a pretty g>d54 ,_! life 0 peaceful4 ,doctor ,curie w5t :]e 8 duties call$ him1 ei!r 9 ,sceaux or 9 neighbor+ localities4 ,beyond ?is he occupi$ himself ) 8 g>d5 or 8 read+4 ,ne> relatives & neighbors came to visit on ,sundays1 :5 b[l+ & *ess 7 ! favorite amusem5ts4 ,f "t to "t ,h5ri ,brisson s\ght out 8 old companion 9 8 tranquil retreat4 ,great calm & s]5ity envelop$ ! g>d51 ! dwell+1 & its inhabitants4 ,pi]re ,curie 0 born ! #ae? ( ,may1 #ahei1 9 a h\se fac+ ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 rue ,cuvi]1 :]e 8 p>5ts liv$ at ! "t :5 8 fa!r 0 work+ 9 ! ,museum laboratories4 ,he 0 ! second son ( ,doctor ,curie & ?ree & a half ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 bro!r ,jacques4 ,9 aft] life he reta9$ few p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic memories ( 8 *ildhood 9 ,p>is2 yet he did tell me h[ vividly pres5t 9 8 m9d 7 ! days ( ! ,commune1 ! battle on ! b>ricade s ne> ! h\se :]e he !n liv$1 ! hospital e/abli%$ by 8 fa!r1 & ! exp$itions1 on :i* 8 bro!r accompani$ him1 9 se>* ( ! w\nd$4 ,x 0 9 #ahhc t ,pi]re mov$ ) 8 p>5ts f ! capital to ! suburbs ( ,p>is1 liv+ fir/1 f #ahhc to #ahib1 at ,font5ay-aux-,roses1 !n at ,sceaux f #ahib to #ahie1 ! ye> ( our m>riage4 ,pi]re pass$ 8 *ildhood entirely )9 ! family circle2 he nev] w5t to ! elem5t>y s*ool nor to ! lyce4 ,8 e>lie/ in/ruction 0 giv5 him fir/ by 8 "m & 0 !n cont9u$ by 8 fa!r & 8 eld] bro!r1 :o himself _h nev] foll[$ 9 any complete way ! c\rse ( ! lyce4 ,pi]re's intellectual capacities 7 n ^? :i* w\ld p]mit ! rapid assimilation ( a prescrib$ c\rse ( /udies4 ,8 dream]'s _s w\ld n submit itself to ! ord]+ ( ! intellectual ef=t impos$ by ! s*ool4 ,! difficulty he exp]i5c$ 9 foll[+ su* a program 0 usually attribut$ to a c]ta9 sl[ness ( m9d4 ,he himself believ$ t he _h ?is sl[ m9d & (t5 said s4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ?is belief 0 n entirely ju/ifi$4 ,x seems to me1 r1 t already f 8 e>ly y\? x 0 necess>y = him to conc5trate 8 ?\ght ) great int5sity ^u a c]ta9 def9ite object1 9 ord] to obta9 a precise result1 & t x 0 impossible = him to int]rupt or to modify ! c\rse ( 8 reflections to suit ext]ior circum/ances4 ,x is cle> t a m9d ( ?is k9d c hold )9 itself great future possibilities4 ,b x is no less cle> t no sy/em ( education has be5 especially provid$ by ! public s*ool = p]sons ( ?is intellectual category1 :i* nev]!less includes m repres5tatives ?an "o w\ld believe at fir/ sight4 ,v =tunately = ,pi]re1 :o c\ld n1 z we c see1 become a brilliant pupil 9 a lyce1 8 p>5ts _h a suffici5tly ke5 intellig5ce to und]/& 8 difficulty1 & !y refra9$ f dem&+ ( _! son an ef=t :i* w\ld h be5 prejudicial to 8 developm5t4 ,if1 !n1 ,pi]re's e>lie/ in/ruction 0 irregul> & incomplete1 x _h ! advantage ( n s weigh+ on 8 intellig5ce z to de=m x by dogmas1 prejudices or preconceiv$ ideas4 ,& he 0 always grateful to 8 p>5ts = ?is v lib]al attitude4 ,he grew up 9 all fre$om1 develop+ 8 ta/e = natural sci5ce ?r\gh 8 excursions into ! c\ntry1 :]e he collect$ plants & animals = 8 fa!r4 ,^! excursions1 :i* he made ei!r alone or ) "o ( ! family1 help$ to awake 9 him a great love ( ,nature1 a passion :i* endur$ to ! end ( 8 life4 ,intimate contact ) ,nature1 :i*1 because ( ! artificial conditions ( city life & ( traditional education1 few *ildr5 c "k1 _h a decisive influ5ce on ,pi]re's developm5t4 ,guid$ by 8 fa!r1 he le>n$ to obs]ve facts & to int]pret !m correctly4 ,he became famili> ) ! animals & plants ( ! environs ( ,p>is4 ,he knew :i* ones c\ld be f\nd at ea* season ( ! ye> 9 ! =e/s & fields1 ! /reams & ponds4 ,! ponds 9 p>ticul> _h = him an ev] new attraction ) _! *>act]i/ic vegetation & _! population ( frogs1 tritons1 salam&]s1 dragonflies1 & o!r d5iz5s ( air & wat]4 ,no ef=ts to obta9 ! objects ( 8 int]e/s seem$ too great = him4 ,he nev] hesitat$ to take any animal 9 8 h&s 9 ord] to exam9e x m closely4 ,lat]1 aft] our m>riage1 9 our walks toge!r1 if ,i made "s objection to lett+ him put a frog into my h&s1 he w\ld exclaim3 ,b no1 see h[ pretty x is6 ,he lov$ always1 too1 to br+ back b\quets ( wild fl[]s f 8 walks4 ,?us 8 k ( natural hi/ory progress$ rapidly4 ,at ! same "t1 also1 he 0 ma/]+ ! elem5ts ( ma!matics4 ,8 classical /udies1 on ! contr>y1 _h be5 mu* neglect$1 & x 0 pr9cipally ?r\gh g5]al read+ t he acquir$ a k ( lit]ature & hi/ory4 ,8 fa!r1 :o 0 widely cultur$1 possess$ a libr>y conta9+ _m ,fr5* & =eign works4 ,hav+ himself a v pron\nc$ ta/e = read+1 he 0 able to communicate x to 8 son4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t f\rte5 ye>s old1 a v happy ev5t occurr$ 9 ,pi]re's education4 ,he 0 put "u an excell5t pr(essor1 ,a4 ,bazille1 :o taught him elem5t>y & advanc$ ma!matics4 ,?is ma/] 0 able to appreciate 8 "y pupil1 became mu* atta*$ to him1 & direct$ 8 "w ) ! greate/ solicitude4 ,he ev5 help$ him to advance 9 8 /udy ( ,lat91 9 :i* he 0 v mu* beh9d4 ,at ! same "t ,pi]re & ,alb]t ,bazille1 8 pr(essor's son1 became fri5ds4 ,?is tea*+ _h1 ,i am sure1 a great influ5ce on ! m9d ( ,pi]re1 aid+ him to develop & to s\nd ! dep? ( 8 faculties & to realize 8 capacities = sci5ce4 ,he _h a rem>kable aptitude = ma!matics1 :i* express$ itself *iefly by a *>act]i/ic geometric _s & a great p[] ( spatial vision4 ,he1 !re=e1 progress$ rapidly & joyfully 9 8 /udies "u ,m4 ,bazille1 = :om he always felt an unalt]able gratitude4 ,he once told me some?+ :i* prov$ t ev5 at ?is "t he 0 n cont5t solely to foll[ a fix$ program ( /udies1 b t he _h already begun to laun* out into p]sonal inve/igation4 ,/rongly attract$ by ! !ory ( det]m9ants1 :i* he _h j ma/]$1 he und]took to realize an analog\s conception1 b 9 ?ree dim5sions1 & endeavor$ to discov] ! prop]ties & uses ( ^! cubical det]m9ants4 ,ne$less to say t at 8 age1 & ) ! k !n at 8 disposal1 su* an ent]prise 0 beyond 8 p[]s4 ,! attempt1 h[ev]1 0 none ! less indicative ( 8 awak5+ inv5tive _s4 ,sev]al ye>s lat]1 :5 preoccupi$ ) reflections ^u symmetry1 he ask$ himself ! "q3 ,c\ld n "o f9d a g5]al me?od = ! solution ( any equation :atev]8 ,ev]y?+ is a "q ( symmetry4 ,he did n !n "k ( ,galois' !ory ( gr\ps :i* _h made x possible to attack ?is problem4 ,b he 0 happy lat] to le>n its results 9 ! geometric applications to ! case ( equations ( ! #e? degree4 ,?anks to 8 rapid progress 9 ma!matics & physics1 ,pi]re ,curie 0 made a ba*elor ( sci5ce at ! age ( sixte5 ye>s4 ,) ?is he pass$ 8 mo/ difficult /age ( =mal education4 ,! only ?+ ) :i* he _h to conc]n himself 9 ! future 0 ! acquisition ( k ?r\gh 8 p]sonal & indep5d5t ef=t 9 a field ( sci5ce freely *os54 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,dreams ,,( ,,y\?4 ,,fir/ ,,sci5tific ,,"w4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,piezo-,,electricity ,pi]re ,curie 0 /ill v "y :5 he began 8 high] /udies 9 prep>ation = ! lic5tiate 9 physics4 ,he foll[$ ! lectures & laboratory "w at ! ,sorbonne & _h1 besides1 access to ! laboratory ( ,pr(essor ,l]\x 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,ph>macy1 :]e he assi/$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! physics c\rses4 ,at ! same "t he became fur!r acqua9t$ ) laboratory me?ods by work+ ) 8 bro!r ,jacques1 :o 0 !n prep>ator ( *emi/ry c\rses "u ,ri*e & ,jungfleis*4 ,pi]re receiv$ 8 lic5tiate 9 physical sci5ces at ! age ( eighte54 ,dur+ 8 /udies he _h attract$ ! att5tion ( ,desa9s1 director ( ! ,univ]sity laboratory1 & ( ,m\ton1 assi/ant director ( ! same laboratory4 ,?anks to _! appreciation he 0 appo9t$1 :5 only n9ete5 ye>s old1 prep>ator = ,desa9s & plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! /ud5ts' laboratory "w 9 physics4 ,he held ?is position five ye>s1 & x 0 dur+ ?is "t t he began 8 exp]im5tal rese>*4 ,x is to be regrett$ t because ( 8 f9ancial situation ,pi]re 0 oblig$1 at ?is e>ly age ( n9ete51 to accept ! po/ ( prep>ator in/ead ( be+ able to give 8 :ole "t = two or ?ree ye>s long] to 8 ,univ]sity /udies4 ,) 8 "t ?us absorb$ by 8 pr(essional duties & 8 inve/igations he _h to give up foll[+ ! lectures 9 high] ma!matics1 & he !re=e pass$ no fur!r exam9ations4 ,9 comp5sation1 h[ev]1 he 0 releas$ f milit>y s]vice 9 con=mity ) ! privileges at t "t accord$ "y m5 :o und]took to s]ve z tea*]s 9 ! public-s*ool sy/em4 ,he 0 by ?is "t a tall & sl5d] "y man ) *e/nut-color$ hair & a %y & res]v$ expression4 ,at ! same "t 8 y\?ful face mirror$ a pr(\nd inn] life4 ,"o has su* an impression ( him z he appe>s 9 a good gr\p photograph ( ,doctor ,curie's family4 ,8 head is re/+ on 8 h& 9 a pose ( ab/raction & rev]ie1 & "o _c b be /ruck by ! expression ( ! l>ge1 limpid eyes t seem to be foll[+ "s inn] vision4 ,beside him ! br[n-hair$ bro!r (f]s a /rik+ contra/1 8 vivaci\s eyes & :ole appe>ance sugge/+ decision4 ,! two bro!rs lov$ ea* o!r t5d]ly & liv$ z good comrades1 be+ accu/om$ to "w toge!r 9 ! laboratory & walk toge!r 9 _! free h\rs4 ,!y also kept up affectionate relations ) a few ( _! *ildhood fri5ds3 ,l\is ,dep\illy1 _! c\s91 :o became a physician2 ,l\is ,vau?i]1 also lat] a physician2 & ,alb]t ,bazille1 :o became an eng9e] 9 ! po/ & telegraph s]vice4 ,pi]re us$ to tell me ( ! vivid memories he _h ( ! vacations pass$ at ,draveil on ! ,se9e1 :]e1 ) 8 bro!r ,jacques1 he took long walks beside ! riv]1 agreeably int]rupt$ by swimm+ & div+ 9 ! /ream4 ,bo? bro!rs 7 excell5t swimm]s4 ,sometimes !y tramp$ = entire days4 ,!y _h1 at an e>ly age1 acquir$ ! habit ( visit+ ! suburbs ( ,p>is on foot4 ,at times also ,pi]re made solit>y excursions :i* well suit$ 8 m$itative _s4 ,on ^! occasions he lo/ all s5se ( "t1 & w5t to ! extreme limit ( 8 physical =ces4 ,absorb$ 9 delightful contemplation ( ! ?+s ab\t him1 he 0 n consci\s ( mat]ial difficulties4 ,on ! pages ( a di>y writt5 9 #ahgi1a he ?us express$ ! salut>y influ5ce ( ! c\ntry ^u him3 ,oh1 :at a good "t ,i h pass$ !re 9 t graci\s solitude1 s f> f ! ?\s& little worry+ ?+s t torm5t me 9 ,p>is4 ,no1 ,i d n regret my nights pass$ 9 ! woods1 & my solit>y days4 ,if ,i _h ! "t ,i w\ld let myself rec\nt all my mus+s4 ,i w\ld also describe my delici\s valley1 fill$ ) ! p]fume ( aromatic plants1 ! beautiful mass ( foliage1 s fre% & s humid1 t hung ov] ! ,bivre1 ! fairy palace ) its colonnades ( hops1 ! /ony hills1 r$ ) hea!r1 :]e x 0 s good to be4 ,oh1 ,i %all rememb] always ) gratitude ! =e/ ( ! ,m9ire2 ( all ! woods ,i h se51 x is ?is "o t ,i h lov$ mo/ & :]e ,i h be5 happie/4 ,(t5 9 ! ev5+ ,i w\ld />t out & asc5d aga9 ?is valley1 & ,i w\ld return ) tw5ty ideas 9 my head4 ,?us1 = ,pi]re ,curie1 ! s5sation ( well-be+ he exp]i5c$ 9 ! c\ntry 0 d]iv$ f ! opportunity = tranquil reflection4 ,daily life 9 ,p>is ) its num]\s int]ruptions did n p]mit ( undi/urb$ conc5tration1 & ?is 0 to him a cause ( inquietude & suff]+4 ,he felt himself de/9$ = sci5tific rese>*2 = him ! necessity 0 imp]ative ( compreh5d+ ! ph5om5a ( ,nature 9 ord] to =m a satisfactory !ory to expla9 !m4 ,b :5 try+ to fix 8 m9d on "s problem he _h frequ5tly to turn aside because ( ! multiplicity ( futile ?+s t di/urb$ 8 reflections & plung$ him into disc\ragem5t4 ,"u ! head+1 ,a day l too _m o!rs1 he enum]at$ 9 8 di>y a li/ ( ! pu]ile happ5+s t _h completely fill$ "o ( 8 days1 leav+ no "t = useful "w4 ,he !n conclud$3 ,!re is my day1 & ,i h accompli%$ no?+4 ,:y8 ,fur!r on he returns to ! same !me "u a title borr[$ f ,victor ,hugo's ,le ,roi ,s',amuse1 ,to deaf5 ) little bells ! _s t w\ld ?9k4 ,9 ord] t1 weak "o t ,i am1 ,i %all n let my head turn ) all ! w9ds1 yield+ to ! lea/ brea? t t\*es x1 x is necess>y t all %\ld be immobile ab\t me1 or t1 l a sp9n+ top1 movem5t alone %\ld r5d] me ins5sible to ext]nal objects4 ,:51 9 ! process ( turn+ sl[ly ^u myself1 ,i try to ga9 mom5tum1 a no?+1 a ^w1 a /ory1 a pap]1 a visit /ops me & is able to put (f or ret>d =ev] ! mom5t :51 grant$ a suffici5t swiftness ,i might h1 9 spite ( my surr\nd+s1 conc5trat$ on my own int5tion4444 ,we mu/ eat1 dr9k1 sleep1 be idle1 love1 t\* ! sweete/ ?+s ( life & yet n succumb to !m4 ,x is necess>y t1 9 do+ all ?is1 ! high] ?\ghts to :i* "o is d$icat$ rema9 dom9ant & cont9ue _! unmov$ c\rse 9 our poor heads4 ,x is necess>y to make a dream ( life1 & to make ( a dream a reality4 ,?is acute analysis1 suffici5tly surpris+ 9 a "y man ( tw5ty ye>s1 sugge/s 9 an admirable mann] ! conditions necess>y to ! highe/ manife/ations ( ! intellect4 ,x c>ries a lesson :i*1 if x 7 suffici5tly und]/ood1 w\ld facilitate ! way ( all contemplative spirits capable ( op5+ new pa?s = humanity4 ,! unity ( ?\ght t[>d :i* ,pi]re ,curie /rove 0 tr\bl$ n only by pr(essional & social obligations b also by 8 ta/es1 :i* urg$ him t[>ds a broad lit]>y & arti/ic culture4 ,l 8 fa!r1 he lov$ read+1 & did n fe> to und]take ardu\s lit]>y tasks4 ,to "s criticism made 9 ?is connection1 he respond$ readily3 ,i d n dislike t$i\s books4 ,?is meant t he 0 fasc9at$ by ! se>* aft] tru? :i* is sometimes associat$ ) writ+ devoid ( *>m4 ,he also lov$ pa9t+ & music1 & w5t gladly to look at pictures or to att5d a conc]t4 ,a few fragm5ts ( poetry 9 8 h&writ+ 7 left among 8 pap]s4 ,b all ^! preoccupations 7 subord9at$ 9 8 m9d to :at he consid]$ 8 true task1 & :5 8 sci5tific imag9ation 0 n 9 full activity1 he felt himself1 9 a s5se1 an incomplete be+4 ,he express$ ?is inquietude ) an emotion born ( 8 suff]+ dur+ mom5t>y p]iods ( depression4 ,:at %all ,i become8 he wrote4 ,v r>ely h ,i comm& ( all myself2 ord9>ily a "p ( me sleeps4 ,my poor _s1 are y !n s weak t y _c control my body8 ,oh1 my ?\ghts1 y c\nt inde$ = v little6 ,i %\ld h ! greate/ confid5ce 9 ! p[] ( my imag9ation to pull me out ( ! rut1 b ,i greatly fe> t my imag9ation is dead4 ,b despite hesitations1 d\bts1 & lo/ mom5ts1 ! "y man 0 little by little /rik+ out 8 pa? & /r5g!n+ 8 w4 ,he 0 resolutely c>ry+ on fruitful inve/igations at an age :5 _m m5 :o 7 to become savants 7 z yet only pupils4 ,8 fir/ "w1 done 9 collaboration ) ,desa9s1 conc]n$ ! det]m9ation ( ! l5g?s ( heat waves ) ! aid ( a !rmoelectric elem5t & a metallic wire grat+1 a process1 !n entirely new1 :i* has s9ce (t5 be5 employ$ 9 ! /udy ( ?is "q4 ,foll[+ ?is he und]took an inve/igation on cry/als 9 collaboration ) 8 bro!r1 :o _h pass$ 8 lic5tiate & 0 prep>ator = ,fri$el 9 ! laboratory ( m9]alogy at ! ,sorbonne4 ,_! exp]im5ts l$ ! two "y physici/s to a great success3 ! discov]y ( ! hi!rto unkn[n ph5om5a ( piezo-electricity1 :i* consi/s ( an electric pol>ization produc$ by ! compression or ! expansion ( cry/als 9 ! direction ( ! axis ( symmetry4 ,?is 0 by no means a *ance discov]y4 ,x 0 ! result ( mu* reflection on ! symmetry ( cry/all9e matt]1 :i* enabl$ ! bro!rs to =esee ! possibilities ( su* pol>ization4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! inve/igation 0 made 9 ,fri$el's laboratory4 ,) an exp]im5tal skill r>e at _! age1 ! "y m5 succe$$ 9 mak+ a complete /udy ( ! new ph5om5on1 e/abli%$ ! conditions ( symmetry necess>y to its production 9 cry/als1 & /at$ its rem>kably simple quantitative laws1 z well z its absolute magnitude = c]ta9 cry/als4 ,sev]al well-kn[n sci5ti/s ( o!r nations 7,ro5tg51 ,kundt1 ,voigt1 ,riecke7 h made fur!r inve/igations along ?is new road op5$ by ,jacques & ,pi]re ,curie4 ,! second "p ( ! "w1 & mu* m difficult to realize exp]im5tally1 conc]n$ ! compression result+ 9 piezo-electric cry/als :5 !y are expos$ to ! action ( an electric field4 ,?is ph5om5on1 =ese5 by ,lippmann1 0 demon/rat$ by ! ,curie bro!rs4 ,! difficulty ( ! exp]im5t lay 9 ! m9ut5ess ( ! de=mations t _h to be obs]v$4 ,=tunately ,desa9s & ,m\ton plac$ a small room adjo9+ ! physics laboratory at ! disposal ( ! bro!rs s t !y might proce$ successfully ) _! delicate op]ations4 ,f ^! rese>*es1 z mu* !oretical z exp]im5tal1 !y imm$iately d$uc$ a practical application1 9 ! =m ( a new app>atus1 a piezo-electric qu>tz electromet]1 :i* measures 9 absolute t]ms small quantities ( electricity1 z well z electric curr5ts ( l[ int5sity4 ,?is app>atus has s9ce !n r5d]$ great s]vice 9 exp]im5ts 9 radioactivity4#b ,dur+ ! c\rse ( _! exp]im5ts on piezo-electricity ! ,curies 7 oblig$ to employ electrometric app>atus1 &1 n be+ able to use ! quadrant electromet] kn[n at t "t1 !y develop$ a new =m ( t in/rum5t1 bett] adapt$ to _! necessities4 ,?is became kn[n 9 ,france z ! ,curie electromet]4 ,?us ^! ye>s ( collaboration betwe5 ! two bro!rs1 always intimately unit$1 prov$ bo? happy & fruitful4 ,_! devotion & _! common int]e/ 9 sci5ce 7 to !m bo? a /imulant & a support4 ,dur+ _! "w ! vivacity & en]gy ( ,jacques 7 ( preci\s aid to ,pi]re1 always m easily absorb$ by 8 ?\ghts4 ,h[ev]1 ?is beautiful & close collaboration la/$ only a few ye>s4 ,9 #ahhc1 ,pi]re & ,jacques 7 oblig$ to sep>ate2 ,jacques left = ! ,univ]sity ( ,montpelli] z ,head ,lectur] 9 ,m9]alogy 7,matre de ,conf]5ces74 ,pi]re 0 made ,director ( ,laboratory ,"w 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,indu/rial ,physics & ,*emi/ry f\nd$ by ! city ( ,p>is at ! sugge/ion ( ,fri$el & ( ,s*tz5b]g]1 :o became its fir/ director4 ,_! rem>kable rese>*es ) cry/als won = ! bro!rs 9 #ahie--v late1 x is true--! ,plant prize4 ,footnote #a3 ,pi]re ,curie did n leave a v]itable di>y b only a few pages z *ance p]mitt$1 cov]+ b a %ort p]iod ( 8 life4 ,footnote #b3 ,! piezo-electric prop]ty ( qu>tz has rec5tly _h an important application2 x has be5 utiliz$ by ,p4 ,langev9 9 ! production ( ela/ic waves ( high frequ5cy 7beyond s\nd7 s5t out 9 wat] ) ! aim ( detect+ subm>9e ob/acles4 ,?is same me?od c s]ve 9 a m g5]al mann] to explore ocean dep?s4 ,we see1 "h1 once aga91 h[ pure speculation c lead to discov]ies t w be useful lat] 9 un=ese5 directions4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,life ,,z ,,! ,,director ,,( ,,laboratory ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,physics ,,& ,,*emi/ry4 ,,g5]alization ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,symmetry4 ,,inve/igations ,,( ,,magnetism ,x 0 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,physics1 9 ! old build+s ( ! ,collge ,roll91 t ,pi]re ,curie 0 de/9$ to "w1 fir/ z ,director ( ,laboratory ,"w1 !n z ,pr(essor1 = tw5ty-two ye>s1 a p]iod cov]+ practically ! :ole ( 8 sci5tific life4 ,8 memory seem$ to cl+ to ^! old build+s1 n[ de/roy$1 9 :i* he _h pass$ all 8 days1 return+ only 9 ! ev5+ to 8 p>5ts 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he c\nt$ himself =tunate s9ce he enjoy$ ! favor ( ! ,f\nd]-,director ,s*tz5b]g]1 & ! e/eem & good w ( 8 /ud5ts1 _m ( :om became 8 disciples & fri5ds4 ,9 allud+ to ?is exp]i5ce1 at ! close ( an address deliv]$ at ! ,sorbonne ne> ! end ( 8 life1 he said3 ,i desire to recall "h t we h made all our inve/igations 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry ( ! city ( ,p>is4 ,9 all creative sci5tific "w ! influ5ce ( ! surr\nd+s 9 :i* "o works is ( great importance1 & a "p ( ! result is due to t influ5ce4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s ,i h work$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry4 ,s*tz5b]g]1 ! fir/ director ( ! ,s*ool1 0 an em95t sci5ti/4 ,i rememb] ) gratitude t he procur$ = me opportunities = my own inve/igations :5 ,i 0 yet b an assi/ant4 ,lat]1 he p]mitt$ ,madame ,curie to "w beside me1 an au?orization :i* 0 at t "t f> f an ord9>y innovation4 ,s*tz5b]g] all[$ u all great lib]ty2 8 direction made itself felt *iefly ?r\gh 8 inspir+ love ( sci5ce4 ,! pr(essors ( ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 & ! /ud5ts :o h gone f x1 h creat$ a k9dly & /imulat+ atmosph]e t has be5 extremely helpful to me4 ,x is among ! old /ud5ts ( ! s*ool t we h f\nd our collaborators & our fri5ds4 ,i am happy to be able1 "h1 to ?ank !m all4 ,! newly appo9t$ director ( ! laboratory 01 :5 he fir/ assum$ 8 duties1 sc>cely old] ?an 8 /ud5ts1 :o lov$ him because ( 8 extreme simplicity ( mann]1 :i* 0 mu* m t ( a comrade ?an ( a ma/]4 ,"s ( ^! /ud5ts recall ) emotion _! "w c>ri$ on ) him & 8 discussion at ! blackbo>d1 :]e he readily all[$ himself to be l$ to debate sci5tific matt]s to _! great pr(it bo? 9 in=mation & 9 k9dl$ en?usiasm4 ,at a d9n] giv5 9 #aijc by ! ,association ( ,=m] ,/ud5ts ( ! ,s*ool1 :i* he att5d$1 he laugh+ly recall$ an incid5t ( ?is p]iod4 ,"o day aft] l+]+ late ) sev]al /ud5ts 9 ! laboratory1 he f\nd ! door lock$1 & !y all _h to climb d[n f ! fir/ floor s+le file1 along a pipe t ran ne> "o ( ! w9d[s4 ,because ( 8 res]ve & %yness he did n make acqua9tances easily1 b ^? ^: "w br\ght !m ne> him lov$ him because ( 8 k9dl9ess4 ,?is 0 true ( 8 subord9ates dur+ 8 entire life4 ,9 ! s*ool 8 laboratory help]1 :om he _h aid$ "u try+ circum/ances1 ?\ght ( him ) ! greate/ gratitude1 9 fact1 ) v]itable adoration4 ,al?\gh sep>at$ f 8 bro!r1 he rema9$ b\nd to him by _! =m] bond ( love & confid5ce4 ,dur+ vacations1 ,jacques ,curie w\ld come to him t !y might r5ew aga9 t valuable collaboration to :i* bo? will+ly sacrific$ _! p]iods ( lib]ty4 ,at times x 0 ,pi]re :o jo9$ ,jacques1 :o 0 engag$ 9 mak+ a geological *>t ( ! ,auv]gne c\ntry1 & !re !y cov]$ toge!r ! daily di/ances necess>y to ! trac+ ( su* a map4 ,"h are a few memories ( ^! long walks1 extracts f a lett] writt5 to me %ortly be=e our m>riage3 ,i h be5 v happy to pass a little "t ) my bro!r4 ,we h be5 f> f all imm$iate c>e1 & s isolat$ by our mann] ( liv+ t we h n ev5 be5 able to receive a lett]1 nev] kn[+ "o night :]e we w\ld sleep ! next4 ,at times x seem$ to me t we _h gone back to ! days :5 we liv$ entirely toge!r4 ,!n we always arriv$ at ! same op9ions ab\t all ?+s1 ) ! result t x 0 no long] necess>y = u to speak 9 ord] to und]/& ea* o!r4 ,?is 0 all ! m a/oni%+ because we diff]$ s entirely 9 "*4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( sci5tific inve/igation1 "o mu/ recognize t ! nom9ation ( ,pi]re ,curie to ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry ret>d$ f ! v fir/ 8 exp]im5tal rese>*4 ,inde$1 at ! "t ( 8 appo9tm5t no?+ yet exi/$ 9 t e/abli%m5t2 ev]y?+ _h to be creat$4 ,ev5 ! walls & ! p>titions 7 h>dly yet 9 place4 ,he _h1 !re=e1 to organize completely ! laboratory & its "w1 & he acquitt$ himself ( ?is task 9 a rem>kable mann]1 inject+ into x ! _s ( precision & orig9ality s *>act]i/ic ( him4 ,! direction ( ! laboratory "w ( ! l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts 7?irty by promotion7 0 alone a /ra9 on a "y man1 assi/$ z he 0 only by "o laboratory help]4 ,! fir/ ye>s 71 !re=e1 h>d ye>s ( assidu\s "w1 ( b5efit *iefly to ! /ud5ts tra9$ & develop$ by ! "y laboratory director4 ,he himself pr(it$ by ?is en=c$ int]ruption ( 8 exp]im5tal rese>* by try+ to complete 8 sci5tific /udies &1 9 p>ticul>1 8 k ( ma!matics4 ,at ! same "t he became engross$ 9 consid]ations ( a !oretical nature on ! relations betwe5 cry/allography & physics4 ,9 #ahhd he publi%$ a memoir on que/ions ( ! ord] & repetition t are at ! base ( ! /udy ( ! symmetry ( cry/als4 ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 ! same ye> by a m g5]al treatm5t ( ! same subject4 ,ano!r article on symmetry & its repetitions appe>$ 9 #ahhe4 ,9 t ye> he publi%$1 too1 a v important !oretical "w#c on ! =mation ( cry/als1 & ! capill>y con/ants ( ! diff]5t faces4 ,?is rapid succession ( inve/igations %[s h[ completely engross$ ,pi]re ,curie 0 9 ! subject ( ! physics ( cry/als4 ,bo? 8 !oretical & 8 exp]im5tal rese>* 9 ?is doma9 gr\p$ itself ar\nd a v g5]al pr9ciple1 ! pr9ciple ( symmetry1 t he _h arriv$ at /ep by /ep1 & :i* he only def9itely enunciat$ 9 memoirs publi%$ betwe5 ! ye>s #ahic & #ahie4 ,! foll[+ is ! =m1 already classic1 9 :i* he made 8 ann\ncem5t3 ,:5 c]ta9 causes produce c]ta9 effects1 ! elem5ts ( symmetry 9 ! causes ought to reappe> 9 ! effects produc$4 ,:5 c]ta9 effects reveal a c]ta9 dissymmetry1 ?is dissymmetry %\ld be app>5t 9 ! causes :i* h giv5 !m bir?4 ,! conv]se ( ^! two /atem5ts does n hold1 at lea/ practically2 t is to say1 ! effects produc$ c be m symmetrical ?an _! causes4 ,! capital importance ( ?is /atem5t1 p]fect 9 its simplicity1 lies 9 ! fact t ! elem5ts ( symmetry :i* x introduces are relat$ to all ! ph5om5a ( physics )\t exception4 ,guid$ by an exhau/ive /udy ( ! gr\ps ( symmetry :i* might exi/ 9 nature1 ,pi]re ,curie %[$ h[ "o %\ld use ?is revelation 9 "* at once geometric & physical1 9 ord] to =esee :e!r a p>ticul> ph5om5on c reproduce itself1 or :e!r its reproduction is impossible "u ! giv5 conditions4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( a c]ta9 memoir1 he insi/s 9 ^! t]ms3 ,i ?9k x is necess>y to introduce into physics ! ideas ( symmetry famili> to cry/allograph]s4 ,8 "w 9 ?is field is fundam5tal1 & ev5 ?\gh he 0 l$ away f x lat] by o!r inve/igations1 he always reta9$ a passionate int]e/ 9 ! physics ( cry/als1 z well z 9 projects ( fur!r rese>* 9 ?is doma94 ,! pr9ciple ( symmetry to :i* ,pi]re ,curie _h s eag]ly devot$ himself is "o ( ! small numb] ( great pr9ciples :i* dom9ate ! /udy ( ! ph5om5a ( physics1 & :i*1 hav+ _! root 9 ideas d]iv$ by exp]im5t1 yet little by little deta* !mselves & assume a =m m & m g5]al & m & m p]fect4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! idea ( ! equival5ce ( heat & ( "w1 add$ to ! e>li] notion ( ! equival5ce ( k9etic & pot5tial en]gies1 br\ght ab\t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy ^: application is entirely g5]al4 ,9 ! same way ! law ( ! cons]vation ( mass grew out ( ! exp]im5ts ( ,lavoisi]1 :i* belong to ! f\ndations ( *emi/ry4 ,rec5tly an admirable syn!sis has made x possible = u to atta9 a /ill high] degree ( g5]alization ?r\gh ! union ( ^! two pr9ciples1 = x has be5 prov$ t ! mass ( a body is proportional to its int]nal en]gy4 ,! /udy ( electrical ph5om5a l$ ,lippmann to ann\nce ! g5]al law ( ! cons]vation ( electricity4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,c>not1 born ( consid]ations on ! function+ ( !rmal ma*9es1 has acquir$ also s g5]al a significance1 t x made possible ! =esee+ ( ! mo/ probable "* ( spontane\s evolution = all mat]ial sy/ems4 ,! pr9ciple ( symmetry furni%es an example ( an analog\s evolution4 ,to beg9 )1 obs]vation ( ,nature 0 able to sugge/ ! idea ( symmetry2 ?\gh su* obs]vations reveal only imp]fectly any regul> dispositions 9 ! aspects ( animals & plants4 ,! regul>ity becomes v mu* m p]fect 9 ! case ( cry/alliz$ m9]als4 ,we may consid] t ,nature furni%es u ! idea ( a plane ( symmetry & ( an axis ( symmetry4 ,an object possesses a plane ( symmetry1 or a plane ( reflection1 if ?is plane divides ! object into two p>ts1 ( :i* ea* "o may be ?\ght ( z ! image ( ! o!r reflect$ 9 ! plane z 9 a mirror4 ,x is ?is1 approximately1 t occurs 9 ! ext]nal appe>ance ( man & ( num]\s animals4 ,an object possesses an axis ( symmetry ( ! ord] n1 if x pres]ves ! same appe>ance aft] a rotation on ?is axis ( ! n? "p ( a revolution4 ,?us a regul> fl[] ( f\r petals has an axis ( symmetry ( ! ord] f\r1 or a qu>t]n>y axis4 ,cry/als l ^? ( rock salt or ( alum possess _m planes ( symmetry & _m axes ( symmetry ( diff]5t ord]s4 ,geometry tea*es u to /udy ! elem5ts ( symmetry ( a limit$ figure su*1 = in/ance1 z a polyh$ron2 & to discov] ! relations betwe5 its p>ts :i* p]mit u to reunite diff]5t symmetries 9 gr\ps4 ,! k ( ^! gr\ps is ( ! greate/ usefulness 9 e/abli%+ a rational classification ( cry/al =ms 9 a small numb] ( sy/ems ea* ( :i* is d]iv$ f a simple geometric =m4 ,?us ! regul> octah$ron belongs to ! same sy/em z ! cube1 = 9 ! case ( ea* ! gr\p =m$ by ! axes & ! planes ( symmetry is ! same4 ,9 ! /udy ( ! physical prop]ties ( cry/all9e matt] x is necess>y to take acc\nt ( ! symmetry ( su* matt]4 ,?is is1 9 g5]al1 anisotropic2 t is to say1 x has n ! same prop]ties 9 all directions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 m$ia su* z glass or wat] are isotropic1 hav+ equival5t prop]ties 9 all directions4 ,x 0 ! /udy ( optics :i* fir/ %[$ t ! propagation ( light 9 a cry/al is dep5d5t ^u ! elem5ts ( symmetry 9 t cry/al4 ,! same ?+ is true = ! conduction ( heat or electricity1 = magnetization1 = pol>ization1 etc4 ,x 0 9 reflect+ ^u ! relations betwe5 cause & effect t gov]n ^! ph5om5a t ,pi]re ,curie 0 l$ to complete & ext5d ! idea ( symmetry1 by consid]+ x z a condition ( space *>act]i/ic ( ! m$ium 9 :i* a giv5 ph5om5on occurs4 ,to def9e ?is condition x is necess>y to consid] n only ! con/itution ( ! m$ium b also its condition ( movem5t & ! physical ag5ts to :i* x is subord9at$4 ,?us a "r circul> cyl9d] possesses a plane ( symmetry p]p5dicul> to its axis 9 its position1 & an inf9ity ( planes ( symmetry pass ?r\gh its axis4 ,if ! same cyl9d] is 9 rotation on its axis1 ! fir/ plane ( symmetry p]si/s1 b all ! o!rs are suppress$4 ,fur!rmore1 if an electric curr5t trav]ses ! cyl9d] l5g?wise1 no plane ( symmetry rema9s4 ,9 e ph5om5on ! elem5ts ( symmetry compatible ) its exi/5ce may be det]m9$4 ,c]ta9 elem5ts c coexi/ ) c]ta9 ph5om5a1 b !y are n necess>y to !m4 ,t :i* is necess>y is t c]ta9 ones among ^! elem5ts %all n exi/4 ,x is dissymmetry t creates ! ph5om5on4 ,:5 sev]al ph5om5a are sup]pos$ 9 ! same sy/em1 ! dissymmetries are add$ toge!r4 ,works ( ,pi]re ,curie1 page #abg4 ,x 0 f ! above consid]ations t ,pi]re ,curie ann\nc$ ! g5]al law ^: text1 already cit$1 atta9s ! highe/ degree ( g5]alization4 ,! syn!sis ?us obta9$ seems complete1 & all t 0 fur!r ne$$ 0 to d$uce f x all ! developm5ts ( :i* x admits4 ,= ?is x is conv5i5t to def9e ! p>ticul> symmetry ( ea* ph5om5on & to introduce a classification :i* makes cle> ! pr9cipal gr\ps ( symmetry4 ,mass1 electric *>ge1 temp]ature1 h ! same symmetry1 ( a type call$ scal>1 t ( ! sph]e4 ,a curr5t ( wat] & a rectil9eal electric curr5t h ! symmetry ( an arr[1 ( ! type pol> vector4 ,! symmetry ( an upright circul> cyl9d] is ( ! type t5sor4 ,all ( ! physics ( cry/als c be express$ 9 a =m 9 :i* ! p>ticul> ph5om5a 9 "q are n specifi$1 b 9 :i* are exam9$ only ! geometrical & analytical relations betwe5 ! types ( quantities :]e c]ta9 ones are consid]$ z causes & ! o!r z effects4 ,?us1 ! /udy ( electrical pol>ization by ! application ( an electric field becomes ! exam9ation ( ! relation betwe5 two sy/ems ( vectors1 & ! writ+ out ( a sy/em ( l9e> equations hav+ #i coeffici5ts4 ,! same sy/em ( equations holds = ! relation betwe5 an electric field & an electric curr5t 9 cry/all9e conductors2 or = t betwe5 ! temp]ature gradi5t & ! heat curr5t1 except t ! mean+ ( ! coeffici5ts mu/ be *ang$4 ,simil>ly1 a /udy ( ! g5]al relations betwe5 a vector & a sy/em ( t5sors c reveal all ! *>act]i/ics ( piezo-electric ph5om5a4 ,& all ! ri* v>iety ( ! ph5om5a ( ela/icity dep5ds on ! relation betwe5 two sets ( t5sors :i* require1 9 pr9ciple1 #cf coeffici5ts4 ,! =ego+ brief exposition reveals ! high philosophic import ( ^! conceptions ( symmetry :i* t\* all natural ph5om5a1 & ^: pr(\nd significance ,pi]re ,curie s cle>ly set =?4 ,x is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection to recall ! relation :i* ,pa/eur saw betwe5 ^! same conceptions & ! manife/ations ( life4 ,! univ]se1 he said1 is a dissymmetric :ole4 ,i am l$ to believe t life1 z x is reveal$ to u1 mu/ be a function ( ! dissymmetry ( ! univ]se1 or ( ! consequ5ces t x involves4 ,z 8 organization ( 8 "w 9 ! ,s*ool progress$1 ,pi]re ,curie c\ld beg9 to dream ( go+ =w>d aga9 ) 8 exp]im5tal rese>*4 ,he c\ld d s1 h[ev]1 only "u mo/ prec>i\s conditions1 = he _h n ev5 a laboratory = 8 p]sonal "w1 nor a room ( any k9d entirely at 8 disposition4 ,besides1 he possess$ no funds to support 8 inve/igations4 ,x 0 only aft] he _h be5 sev]al ye>s at ! ,s*ool t he obta9$1 ?anks to ! influ5ce ( ,s*tz5b]g]1 a small annual subv5tion = 8 "w4 ,up to t "t ! mat]ials necess>y = him 7 provid$1 ?anks to ! k9dness ( 8 sup]iors1 to ! ext5t possible1 by draw+ ^u a v limit$ g5]al fund ( ! tea*+ laboratory4 ,z = a place to "w 91 he _h to cont5t himself ) v little4 ,he set up c]ta9 ( 8 exp]im5ts 9 ! rooms ( 8 pupils :5 ^! 7 n 9 use4 ,b m frequ5tly he work$ 9 an outside corridor runn+ betwe5 a /airway & a laboratory4 ,x 0 !re t he conduct$1 9 p>ticul>1 8 long rese>* on magnetism4 ,?is abnormal /ate ( affairs 0 manife/ly prejudicial to 8 "w1 b x _h1 nev]!less1 ! happy result ( br++ 8 /ud5ts clos] to him1 = x all[$ !m1 at times1 to %>e 9 8 p]sonal sci5tific int]e/s4 ,8 return to exp]im5tal rese>* is m>k$ by a pr(\nd /udy ( ! direct read+ p]iodic precision balance = lea/ weights4 7#ahhi1 #ahij1 #ahia47 ,9 ?is balance1 ! use ( small weights is suppress$ by ! employm5t ( a microscope by means ( :i* "o reads a micromet] atta*$ to ! extremity ( "o ( ! arms ( ! balance4 ,! read+ is made :5 ! oscillation ( ! balance is arre/$1 :i* c occur v rapidly1 ?anks to ! use ( pneumatic damp5]s conv5i5tly con/ruct$4 ,?is balance m>ks a consid]able advance ov] old sy/ems4 ,x has %[n itself p>ticul>ly valuable 9 laboratories = *emical analysis1 :]e ! rapidity ( ! weigh+s is frequ5tly a te/ ( precision4 ,we c say t ! introduction ( ! ,curie balances m>ks an epo* 9 ! con/ruction ( ^! in/rum5ts4 ,! "w done 9 ?is field 0 f> f empirical2 x compris$ a /udy ( ! !ory ( damp$ movem5ts & ! con/ruction ( num]\s curves e/abli%$ ) ! aid ( "s ( 8 /ud5ts4 ,x 0 t[>d #ahia t ,pi]re ,curie began a long s]ies ( inve/igations on ! magnetic prop]ties ( bodies at div]s temp]atures1 f ! normal up to #adjj ,c4 ,^! inve/igations1 cov]+ ye>s1 7 pres5t$ z a ,doctor's !sis be=e ! ,faculty ( ,sci5ces ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is 9 #ahie4 ,9 x he /at$ precisely 9 ! foll[+ few words ! object & results ( 8 "w3 ,f ! po9t ( view ( _! magnetic prop]ties1 bodies may be divid$ into two gr\ps3 diamagnetic bodies1 bodies only feebly magnetic1 & p>amagnetic bodies4#d ,at fir/ sight ! two gr\ps seem entirely sep>ate4 ,! pr9cipal aim ( ?is rese>* has be5 to discov] if !re exi/ transitions betwe5 ^! two /ates ( matt]1 & if x is possible to make a giv5 body pass progressively ?r\gh !m4 ,to det]m9e ?is ,i h exam9$ ! prop]ties ( a great numb] ( bodies at temp]atures diff]+ z mu* z possible1 9 magnetic fields ( v>y+ int5sities4 ,my exp]im5ts fail$ to prove any relation betwe5 ! prop]ties ( diamagnetic & ^? ( p>amagnetic bodies4 ,& ! results support ! !ories :i* attribute magnetism & diamagnetism to causes ( a diff]5t nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! prop]ties ( f]ro-magnetic bodies & ( bodies feebly magnetic are intimately unit$4 ,?is exp]im5tal "w pres5t$ _m difficulties1 = x necessitat$ ! measur+ ( v m9ute =ces 7( ! ord] ( ( a milligramme weight7 )9 a conta9] :]e ! temp]ature c\ld atta9 #djj ,c4 ,z ,pi]re ,curie well und]/ood1 ! results he obta9$ are1 f a !oretic po9t ( view1 ( fundam5tal importance4 ,! ,curie law1 accord+ to :i* ! coeffici5t ( magnetization ( a body feebly magnetiz$ v>ies 9 inv]se ratio to ! absolute temp]ature1 is a rem>kably simple law4 ,x is q comp>able to ! ,gay-,lussac law relat+ to ! v>iation ( ! d5sity ( a p]fect gas ) ! temp]ature4 ,9 8 well kn[n !ory ( magnetism ,p4 ,langev91 9 #aije1 took into acc\nt ! ,curie law & arriv$ aga91 !oretically1 at ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! orig9s ( diamagnetism & p>amagnetism4 ,8 "w1 z well z ! important inve/igations ( ,p4 ,weiss1 demon/rat$ ! accuracy ( ,pi]re ,curie's conclusions1 z well z ! importance ( ! analogy t he p]ceiv$ betwe5 ! int5sity ( magnetization & ! d5sity ( a fluid--! p>amagnetic /ate be+ comp>able to a gase\s /ate1 & ! f]ro-magnetic /ate to ! /ate ( cond5sation4 ,9 connection ) ?is "w1 ,pi]re ,curie sp5t "s "t 9 ! se>* = unkn[n ph5om5a ^: exi/5ce did n seem1 a priori1 impossible to him4 ,he s\ght = bodies /rongly diamagnetic1 b f\nd none4 ,he tri$ to discov]1 too1 if !re 7 bodies t act$ z conductors ( magnetism1 & if magnetism c exi/ 9 a free /ate1 l electricity4 ,"h also ! result 0 negative4 ,he nev] publi%$ any ( ^! inve/igations1 = he _h ! habit ( ?us engag+ 9 ! pursuit ( ph5om5a1 (t5 ) little hope ( success1 solely = ! love ( ! un=ese51 & )\t ev] ?9k+ ( publication4 ,because ( ?is entirely dis9t]e/$ passion = sci5tific rese>* ! pres5tation ( a doctor's !sis :i* w\ld give an acc\nt ( ^! e>ly inve/igations _h nev] appeal$ to him4 ,he 0 already ?irty-five ye>s old :5 he decid$ to ga!r toge!r1 9 su* a !sis1 ! results ( 8 beautiful "w on magnetism4 ,i h a v vivid memory ( h[ he su/a9$ 8 !sis be=e ! exam9]s1 = he _h invit$ me1 because ( ! fri5d%ip t already exi/$ betwe5 u1 to be pres5t on ! occasion4 ,! jury 0 compos$ ( ,pr(essors ,bonty1 ,lippmann1 & ,hautefeuille4 ,9 ! audi5ce 7 "s ( 8 fri5ds1 among !m 8 ag$ fa!r1 extremely happy 9 8 son's success4 ,i rememb] ! simplicity & ! cl>ity ( ! exposition1 ! e/eem indicat$ by ! attitude ( ! pr(essors1 & ! conv]sation betwe5 !m & ! c&idate :i* rem9d$ "o ( a meet+ ( ! ,physics ,society4 ,i 0 greatly impress$2 x seem$ to me t ! little room t day %elt]$ ! exaltation ( human ?\ght4 ,9 recall+ ?is p]iod 9 ! life ( ,pi]re ,curie1 betwe5 #ahhc & #ahie1 we c appreciate ! great progress ! "y physici/ _h made :ile act+ z ,*ief ( ,laboratory4 ,he _h succe$$ dur+ ?is "t 9 organiz+ an entirely new tea*+ s]vice2 he _h publi%$ an important s]ies ( !oretical memoirs1 z well z ! results ( exp]im5tal rese>* ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,9 addition1 he _h con/ruct$ new app>atus ( great p]fection--& all ?is 9 spite ( v insuffici5t accommodations & res\rces4 ,?is a*ievem5t sugge/s ! di/ance he _h travel$ s9ce ! d\bts & hesitations ( 8 e>ly y\? 9 le>n+ to discipl9e 8 me?ods ( "w1 & to d]ive f !m ! full advantage ( 8 exceptional capacities4 ,he enjoy$ a gr[+ e/eem 9 ,france1 & 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,he 0 li/5$ to ) int]e/ at ! meet+s ( ! le>n$ societies 7,society ( ,physics1 ,society ( ,m9]alogy1 ,society ( ,electricians71 :]e he 0 9 ! habit ( pres5t+ 8 communications & :]e he jo9$ readily 9 ! discussion ( v>i\s sci5tific que/ions4 ,among =eign s*ol>s :o already at ?is "t appreciat$ him highly1 ,i c "n1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! illu/ri\s ,engli% physici/1 ,"l ,kelv91 :o jo9$ ) him 9 a c]ta9 sci5tific discussion1 & :o (t5 express$ = him1 f t "t on1 bo? e/eem & sympa?y4 ,dur+ "o ( 8 visits to ,p>is1 ,"l ,kelv9 0 pres5t at a meet+ ( ! ,society ( ,physics :5 ,pi]re ,curie made a /atem5t reg>d+ ! con/ruction & ! use ( /&>d cond5s]s ) gu>d r+4 ,9 ?is /atem5t he recomm5d$ ! use ( an app>atus :i* involv$ ! *>g+ ( ! c5tral "p ( ! gu>d r+ plate by a galvanic cell & 9 unit+ ! gu>d r+ ) ! e>?4 ,"o uses !n1 z a measure1 ! *>ge induc$ on ! second plate4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! result+ disposition ( l9es ( ! field be complex1 ! *>ge induc$ c be calculat$ by a !orem ( electro/atics1 ) ! same simple =mula z is us$ = an ord9>y app>atus 9 a uni=m field1 & "o has ! b5efit ( a bett] isolation4 ,"l ,kelv9 believ$ at fir/ t ?is reason+ 0 inexact4 ,despite 8 great repute & 8 advanc$ age1 he w5t ! foll[+ day to ! laboratory to f9d ! "y ,director4 ,"h he discuss$ ! matt] ) him be=e ! blackbo>d4 ,he 0 completely conv9c$1 & seem$ ev5 delight$ to conc$e ! po9t to 8 companion4#e ,x may seem a/oni%+ t ,pi]re ,curie1 9 spite ( 8 m]its1 cont9u$ dur+ twelve ye>s 9 ! small position ( ,*ief ( ,laboratory4 ,)\t d\bt ?is 0 l>gely due to ! fact t x is easy to ov]look ^? :o h n ! active support ( influ5tial p]sons4 ,x 0 due also to ! fact t x 0 impossible = him to take ! _m /eps t ! pu%+ ( any c&idature involves4 ,!n1 too1 8 indep5d5ce ( "* ill fitt$ him to ask = an advance1 & ?is not)/&+ ! fact t 8 position 0 v mode/4 ,inde$ 8 sal>y1 !n comp>able to t ( a day labor] 7ab\t #cjj francs a mon?71 0 sc>cely suffici5t to enable him to lead ! simple life t w\ld yet p]mit him to c>ry on 8 "w4 ,he express$ 8 feel+s on ?is subject 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,i h he>d t p]haps "o ( ! pr(essors w resign1 & t ,i might1 9 t case1 make application to succe$ him4 ,:at an ugly necessity is ?is ( seek+ any position :atsoev]2 ,i am n accu/om$ to ?is =m ( activity1 demoraliz+ to ! highe/ degree4 ,i am sorry t ,i spoke to y ab\t x4 ,i ?9k t no?+ is m unheal?y to ! _s ?an to all[ oneself to be occupi$ by ?+s ( ?is "* & to li/5 to ! petty gossip t p come to report to y4 ,if he dislik$ solicit+ an advancem5t 9 position1 he 0 ev5 less incl9$ to hope = honors4 ,he _h1 9 fact1 a v decid$ op9ion on ! subject ( honor>y di/9ctions4 ,n only did he believe t !y 7 n helpful1 b he consid]$ !m frankly h>mful4 ,he felt t ! desire to obta9 !m is a cause ( tr\ble1 & t x c degrade ! wor?ie/ aim ( man1 :i* is1 "w = ! pure love ( x4 ,s9ce he possess$ great moral probity1 he did n hesitate to make 8 acts con=m to 8 op9ions4 ,:5 ,s*tz5b]g]1 9 ord] to (f] him a m>k ( e/eem1 wi%$ to propose him = ! ,palmes acadmiques he refus$ ?is di/9ction1 despite ! advantages :i*1 accord+ to g5]al belief1 x w\ld conf]4 ,& he wrote to 8 director3 ,i h be5 in=m$ t y int5d to propose me aga9 to ! prefet = ! decoration4 ,i pray y d n d s4 ,if y procure = me ?is honor1 y w place me "u ! necessity ( refus+ x1 = ,i h firmly decid$ n to accept a decoration ( any k9d4 ,i hope t y w be good en\gh to avoid tak+ a /ep t w make me appe> a little ridicul\s 9 ! eyes ( _m p4 ,if y\r aim is to (f] me a te/imony ( y\r int]e/1 y h already done t1 & 9 a v mu* m effective mann] :i* t\*$ me greatly1 = y h made x possible = me to "w )\t worry4 ,fai?ful to ?is firm op9ion1 he lat] decl9$ ! decoration ( ! ,lgion d',honneur1 :i* 0 (f]$ him 9 #aijc4 ,b ev5 ?\gh ,pi]re ,curie refus$ to take /eps to *ange 8 situation x 0 at la/ improv$4 ,9 #ahie ! well-kn[n physici/1 ,masc>t1 pr(essor 9 ! ,collge de ,france1 impress$ ) 8 ability1 & ) ,"l ,kelv9's op9ion ( him1 insi/$ t ,s*tz5b]g] create a new ,*air ( ,physics at ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry4 ,pi]re ,curie 0 !n nam$ pr(essor "u conditions 9 :i* 8 tal5ts 7 duly recogniz$4 ,h[ev]1 no?+ 0 done at ?is "t to ameliorate ! inadequate mat]ial conditions "u :i*1 z we h already se51 he 0 c>ry+ on 8 p]sonal inve/igations4 ,footnote #c3 ,9 ?is v brief memoir is pres5t$1 = ! fir/ "t1 a !ory :i* expla9s :y cry/als develop c]ta9 faces simultane\sly1 9 a p>ticul> direction1 & consequ5tly :y cry/als possess a det]m9$ =m4 ,footnote #d3 ,p>amagnetic bodies are ^? :i* are magnetiz$ 9 ! same mann] z iron1 ei!r /rongly 7f]ro-magnetic7 or feebly4 ,diamagnetic bodies are ^? ^: v feeble magnetization is oppos$ to t :i* iron takes 9 ! same magnetic field4 ,footnote #e3 ,! foll[+ is ! text ( a lett] f ?is di/+ui%$ savant to ,pi]re ,curie1 writt5 dur+ "o ( 8 visits to ,p>is3 ,octob]1 #ahic4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,curie3 ,i am mu* oblig$ to y = y\r lett] ( ,saturday & ! in=mation conta9$ 9 x1 :i* is exce$+ly int]e/+ to me4 ,if ,i call at y\r laboratory betwe5 #aj & #aa tomorr[ morn+ %\ld ,i f9d y !re8 ,!re are two or ?ree ?+s ,i w\ld l to speak to y ab\t2 & ,i w\ld l also to see m ( y\r curves repres5t+ ! magnetization ( iron at diff]5t temp]atures4 ,y\rs truly1 ,,kelv94 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,m>riage ,,& ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,family ,,life4 ,,p]sonality ,,& ,,"* ,i met ,pi]re ,curie = ! fir/ "t 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #ahid4 ,i 0 !n liv+ 9 ,p>is :]e = ?ree ye>s ,i#f _h be5 /udy+ at ! ,sorbonne4 ,i _h pass$ ! exam9ations = ! lic5tiate 9 physics1 & 0 prep>+ = ^? 9 ma!matics4 ,at ! same "t ,i _h begun to "w 9 ! rese>* laboratory ( ,pr(essor ,lippmann4 ,a ,poli% physici/ :om ,i knew1 & :o 0 a great admir] ( ,pi]re ,curie1 "o day invit$ u toge!r to sp5d ! ev5+ ) himself & 8 wife4 ,z ,i ent]$ ! room1 ,pi]re ,curie 0 /&+ 9 ! recess ( a ,fr5* w9d[ op5+ on a balcony4 ,he seem$ to me v "y1 ?\gh he 0 at t "t ?irty-five ye>s old4 ,i 0 /ruck by ! op5 expression ( 8 face & by ! slight sugge/ion ( deta*m5t 9 8 :ole attitude4 ,8 spee*1 r sl[ & delib]ate1 8 simplicity1 & 8 smile1 at once grave & y\?ful1 inspir$ confid5ce4 ,we began a conv]sation :i* soon became fri5dly4 ,x fir/ conc]n$ c]ta9 sci5tific matt]s ab\t :i* ,i 0 v glad to be able to ask 8 op9ion4 ,!n we discuss$ c]ta9 social & humanit>ian subjects :i* int]e/$ u bo?4 ,!re 01 betwe5 8 conceptions & m9e1 despite ! diff]5ce betwe5 our native c\ntries1 a surpris+ k9%ip1 no d\bt attributable to a c]ta9 lik5ess 9 ! moral atmosph]e 9 :i* we 7 bo? rais$ by our families4 ,we met aga9 at ! ,physics ,society & 9 ! laboratory4 ,!n he ask$ if he might call ^u me4 ,i liv$ at t "t 9 a room on ! six? floor ( a h\se situat$ ne> ! s*ools4 ,x 0 a poor little room1 = my res\rces 7 extremely limit$4 ,i 01 nev]!less1 v happy 9 x = ,i 0 n[ fir/ realiz+1 al?\gh already tw5ty-five ye>s old1 ! ard5t desire ,i _h s long *]i%$ ( c>ry+ on advanc$ /udies 9 sci5ce4 ,pi]re ,curie came to see me1 & %[$ a simple & s9c]e sympa?y ) my /ud5t life4 ,soon he caught ! habit ( speak+ to me ( 8 dream ( an exi/5ce consecrat$ entirely to sci5tific rese>*1 & he ask$ me to %>e t life4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 easy = me to make su* a decision1 = x meant sep>ation f my c\ntry & my family1 & ! r5\ncem5t ( c]ta9 social projects t 7 de> to me4 ,hav+ gr[n up 9 an atmosph]e ( patriotism kept alive by ! oppression ( ,pol&1 ,i wi%$1 l _m o!r "y p ( my c\ntry1 to contribute my ef=t t[>d ! cons]vation ( our national _s4 ,s matt]s /ood1 :5 at ! beg9n+ ( my vacation ,i left ,p>is to g to my fa!r 9 ,pol&4 ,our correspond5ce dur+ ?is sep>ation help$ to /r5g!n ! bond ( affection betwe5 u4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahid ,pi]re ,curie wrote me lett]s t seem to me admirable 9 _! =m4 ,no "o ( !m 0 v long1 = he _h ! habit ( concise expression1 b all 7 writt5 9 a _s ( s9c]ity & ) an evid5t anxiety to make ! "o he desir$ z a companion "k him z he 04 ,! v quality ( ! expression has always seem$ to me rem>kable4 ,no o!r "o c\ld describe 9 a few l9es1 z he c\ld1 a /ate ( m9d1 or a situation1 & by ! simple/ means make t description evoke a seiz+ image ( tru?4 ,because ( ?is gift1 he might1 ,i believe1 h be5 a great writ]4 ,i h already cit$ a few fragm5ts ( 8 lett]s1 & o!rs w foll[4 ,x is appropriate to quote "h a few l9es :i* express h[ he look$ on ! possibility ( our m>riage3 ,we h promis$ ea* o!r 7is x n true87 to h1 ! "o = ! o!r1 at lea/ a great affection4 ,provid$ t y d n *ange y\r m9d6 ,= !re are no promises :i* hold2 ^! are ?+s t d n admit ( compulsion4 ,x w\ld1 nev]!less1 be a beautiful ?+ 9 :i* ,i h>dly d>e believe1 to pass ?r\gh life toge!r hypnotiz$ 9 our dreams3 y\r dream = y\r c\ntry2 our dream = humanity2 our dream = sci5ce4 ,( all ^! dreams1 ,i believe ! la/1 alone1 is legitimate4 ,i mean to say by ?is t we are p[]less to *ange ! social ord]4 ,ev5 if ?is 7 n true we %\ld n "k :at to d4 ,& 9 work+ )\t und]/&+ we %\ld nev] be sure t we 7 n do+ m h>m ?an good1 by ret>d+ "s inevitable evolution4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( sci5ce1 on ! contr>y1 we c pret5d to accompli% some?+4 ,! t]ritory "h is m solid & obvi\s1 & h[ev] small x is1 x is truly 9 our possession4 ,i /rongly advise y to return to ,p>is 9 ,octob]4 ,i %all be v unhappy if y d n come ?is ye>1 b x is n my fri5d's selfi%ness t makes me ask y to return4 ,i ask x because ,i believe y w "w bett] "h & t y c accompli% "h some?+ m sub/antial & m useful4 ,"o c und]/&1 f ?is lett]1 t = ,pi]re ,curie !re 0 only "o way ( look+ at ! future4 ,he _h d$icat$ 8 life to 8 dream ( sci5ce3 he felt ! ne$ ( a companion :o c\ld live 8 dream ) him4 ,he told me _m times t ! reason he _h n m>ri$ until he 0 ?irty-six 0 because he did n believe 9 ! possibility ( a m>riage :i* w\ld meet ?is1 8 absolute necessity4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-two ye>s old he wrote 9 8 di>y3 ,wom51 mu* m ?an m51 love life = life's sake4 ,wom5 ( g5ius are r>e4 ,& :51 pu%$ by "s my/ic love1 we wi% to ent] into a life oppos$ to nature1 :5 we give all our ?\ghts to "s "w :i* removes u f ^? imm$iately ab\t u1 x is ) wom5 t we h to /ruggle1 & ! /ruggle is ne>ly always an unequal "o4 ,= 9 ! "n ( life & ( nature !y seek to lead u back4 ,we c see1 h[ev]1 9 ! lett]s ,i h quot$ e>li]1 ! un%akeable fai? t ,pi]re ,curie _h 9 sci5ce & 9 its p[] to fur!r ! g5]al good ( humanity4 ,x seems appropriate to apply to him ! s5tim5t express$ by ,pa/eur 9 words s well kn[n3 ,i believe inv9cibly t sci5ce & peace w triumph ov] ignorance & w>4 ,?is confid5ce 9 ! solutions ( sci5ce made ,pi]re ,curie little incl9$ to take an active "p 9 politics4 ,he 0 atta*$1 by education & by conviction1 to democratic & sociali/ic ideas1 b he 0 n dom9at$ by any p>ty doctr9e4 ,h[ev]1 he always fulfill$1 z 8 fa!r did1 8 obligations z a vot]4 ,9 public life1 z 9 private life1 he 0 oppos$ to ! use ( viol5ce4 ,:at w\ld y ?9k1 he wrote me1 ( a p]son :o w\ld knock 8 head aga9/ a /one wall ) ! int5tion ( ov]?r[+ x8 ,su* an idea might be ! result ( v beautiful feel+s1 b 9 realization x w\ld be ridicul\s & /upid4 ,i believe t c]ta9 que/ions dem& a g5]al solution1 & d n admit1 today1 ( specific solutions1 & t "o :o beg9s a c\rse t has no issue1 may d mu* h>m4 ,i believe1 fur!r1 t ju/ice is n ( ?is _w1 & t ! /ronge/ sy/em or r ! "o be/ develop$ f ! economic po9t ( view w be t :i* w /&4 ,a man may exhau/ himself by "w1 & yet live1 at be/1 mis]ably4 ,?is is a revolt+ fact1 b x w n1 because ( t1 cease4 ,x w disappe> probably because man is a k9d ( ma*9e1 & x is ( economic advantage to make e ma*9e "w 9 its normal mann]1 )\t =c+ x4 ,he felt ! same necessity = cl>ity & und]/&+ 9 consid]+ 8 own inn] life z 9 exam9+ a g5]al problem4 ,a great necessity ( loyalty to himself & t[>d o!rs made him suff] f ! compromises impos$ by life1 ev5 ?\gh he r$uc$ !m to a m9imum4 ,we are all ! slaves ( our affections1 he wrote1 slaves ( ! prejudices ( ^? we love4 ,besides1 we mu/ make a liv+1 & ?is =ces u to become a :eel 9 ! ma*9e4 ,! mo/ pa9ful are ! concessions we are =c$ to make to ! prejudices ( ! society 9 :i* we live4 ,we mu/ make m or few] compromises accord+ z we feel ourselves feebl] or /rong]4 ,if "o does n make en\gh concessions he is cru%$2 if he makes too _m he is ignoble & despises himself4 ,i f9d myself f> f ! pr9ciples ,i held t5 ye>s ago4 ,at t "t ,i believ$ x necess>y to be excessive 9 ev]y?+1 & to make no concessions :atsoev] to "o's environm5t4 ,i believ$ x necess>y to exagg]ate "o's faults z well z "o's virtues4 ,?is 0 ! cr$o ( ! man :o1 )\t =tune himself1 desir$ to %>e 8 life ) t ( a /ud5t also )\t =tune1 :om he _h met by *ance4 ,aft] my return f my vacation our fri5d%ip grew m & m preci\s to u2 ea* realiz$ t he or %e c\ld f9d no bett] life companion4 ,we decid$1 !re=e1 to m>ry1 & ! c]emony took place 9 ,july1 #ahie4 ,9 con=mity ) our mutual wi% x 0 ! simple/ s]vice possible1--a civil c]emony1 = ,pi]re ,curie pr(ess$ no religion1 & ,i myself did n practice any4 ,my husb&'s p>5ts receiv$ me ) great cordiality1 & reciprocally my fa!r & my si/]s1 :o 7 pres5t at our m>riage1 7 happy 9 kn[+ ! family to :i* ,i 0 to belong4 ,our fir/ home1 an extremely simple "o1 consi/$ ( a little ap>tm5t ( ?ree rooms 9 ! rue de la ,glacire1 n f> f ! ,s*ool ( ,physics4 ,its *ief attraction 0 its view ( a l>ge g>d54 ,x 0 furni%$ v simply ) objects t _h belong$ to our families4 ,our means did n p]mit our hav+ s]vants1 s t ,i _h to assume practically all ! h\sehold duties1 z ,i _h be5 9 ! habit ( do+ dur+ my /ud5t days4 ,pr(essor ,curie's sal>y 0 #fjjj francs a ye>1 & we held t he %\ld n und]take any supplem5t>y "w1 at lea/ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,z = myself1 ,i 0 prep>+ to take ! exam9ation = ! agregation ( "y wom51 9 view ( obta9+ a tea*+ po/4 ,^! ,i pass$ 9 #ahif4 ,we ord]$ our life to suit our sci5tific "w & our days 7 pass$ 9 ! laboratory1 :]e ,s*tz5b]g] p]mitt$ t ,i might "w ) my husb&4 ,he 0 !n engag$ 9 a rese>* on ! gr[? ( cry/als1 :i* int]e/$ him ke5ly4 ,he wi%$ to "k if c]ta9 faces ( a cry/al _h a pref]5tial developm5t *iefly because !y h a diff]5t rapidity ( gr[? or because _! solubility is diff]5t4 ,he quickly obta9$ int]e/+ results 7n publi%$7 b he _h to int]rupt 8 inve/igations to und]take o!rs on radioactivity4 ,& he (t5 regrett$ t he 0 nev] able to return to !m4 ,i 0 occupi$ at ?is "t ) ! /udy ( ! magnetization ( temp]$ /eel4 ,! prep>ation ( 8 class lectures 0 = ,pi]re ,curie a g5u9e c>e4 ,! ,*air 0 a new "o1 & c>ri$ no prescrib$ c\rse ( /udy4 ,he divid$ 8 lectures1 at fir/1 betwe5 cry/allography & electricity4 ,!n1 z he recogniz$ m & m ! utility ( a s]i\s !oretical c\rse 9 electricity = future eng9e]s1 he devot$ himself entirely to ?is subject1 & succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a c\rse 7( ab\t #abj lectures7 t 0 ! mo/ complete & mod]n !n to be _h 9 ,p>is4 ,?is co/ him a consid]able ef=t1 ( :i* ,i 0 ! daily witness2 = he 0 always anxi\s to give a complete picture ( ! ph5om5a & ( ! evolution ( !ories1 & ( ideas4 ,he 0 always anxi\s1 too1 t 8 mode ( exposition %\ld be cle> & precise4 ,he ?\ght ( publi%+ a treatise summ+ up ?is c\rse1 b un=tunately ! _m preoccupations ( ! foll[+ ye>s prev5t$ him f putt+ ?is plan into execution4 ,we liv$ a v s+le life1 int]e/$ 9 common1 z we 71 9 our laboratory exp]im5ts & 9 ! prep>ation ( lectures & exam9ations4 ,dur+ elev5 ye>s we 7 sc>cely ev] sep>at$1 :i* means t !re are v few l9es ( exi/+ correspond5ce betwe5 u1 repres5t+ t p]iod4 ,we sp5t our re/ days & our vacations walk+ or bicycl+ ei!r 9 ! c\ntry ne> ,p>is1 or along ! sea1 or 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,my husb& 0 s engross$ 9 8 rese>*es1 h[ev]1 t x 0 v difficult = him to rema9 = any l5g? ( "t 9 a place :]e he lack$ facilities = "w4 ,aft] a few days he w\ld say3 ,x seems to me a v long "t s9ce we h accompli%$ any?+4 ,& yet he lik$ ! excursions :i* cov]$ successive days1 & enjoy$ to ! full our walks toge!r1 j z he _h =m]ly enjoy$ ^? ) 8 bro!r4 ,b 8 joy 9 see+ beautiful ?+s nev] drew 8 ?\ghts away f ! sci5tific que/ions t absorb$ him4 ,9 ^! free times1 we trav]s$ ! region ( ! ,cev5nes & ( ! ,monts d',auv]gne1 z well z ! coa/ ( ,france1 & "s ( its great =e/s4 ,^! days 9 ! op51 fill$ ) beautiful sights1 made a deep impression on u1 & we lov$ to recall !m4 ,"o ( our radiant memories 0 ( a sunny day1 :5 aft] a long & we>y+ climb1 we rea*$ ! fre%1 gre5 mead[ ( ! ,aubrac1 9 ! pure air ( ! high plateaus4 ,ano!r vivid memory 0 t ( an ev5+1 :51 l+]+ until twilight 9 ! gorge ( ! ,truyre1 we 7 en*ant$ to he> a popul> air dy+ away 9 ! di/ance1 c>ri$ to u f a little boat t desc5d$ ! /ream4 ,we _h tak5 s little notice ( ! "t t we did n rega9 our lodg+ be=e dawn4 ,at "o po9t we _h an enc\nt] ) c>ts ^: horses 7 fright5$ by our bicycles1 & we 7 oblig$ to cut across pl\gh$ fields4 ,at l5g? we rega9$ our r\te on ! high plateau1 ba!d 9 ! unreal light ( ! moon4 ,& c[s t 7 pass+ ! night 9 enclosures came gravely to contemplate u ) _! l>ge1 tranquil eyes4 ,! =e/ ( ,compiegne *>m$ u 9 ! spr+1 ) its mass ( gre5 foliage /ret*+ f> z ! eye c\ld see1 & its p]iw9kles & anemones4 ,on ! bord] ( ! =e/ ( ,fonta9ebleau1 ! banks ( ! ,lo+1 cov]$ ) wat] butt]cups1 7 an object ( delight = ,pi]re ,curie4 ,we lov$ ! melan*oly coa/s ( ,brittany & ! rea*es ( hea!r & gorse1 /ret*+ to ! v po9ts ( ,f9i/re1 :i* seem$ l claws or tee? bury+ !mselves 9 ! wat] :i* =ev] rages at !m4 ,lat]1 :5 we _h our baby ) u1 we pass$ our vacations 9 "s "o locality1 )\t travel+ ab\t4 ,we liv$ !n z simply z possible 9 retir$ villages :]e we c\ld sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! villag]s !mselves4 ,i rememb] ! /upefaction ( an ,am]ican j\rnali/ :5 he f\nd u "o day at ,p\ldu1 at a mom5t :5 ,i 0 sitt+ on "o ( ! /one /eps ( our h\se 9 ! act ( %ak+ ! s& f my s&als4 ,h[ev]1 8 emb>rassm5t 0 %ort-liv$ &1 adapt+ himself to ! situation1 he sat d[n beside me & began jott+ d[n 9 8 notebook my answ]s to 8 que/ions4 ,! mo/ affectionate relations exi/$ betwe5 my husb&'s p>5ts & myself4 ,we (t5 w5t to ,sceaux1 :]e ! room my husb& us$ to h be=e our m>riage 0 always res]v$ = u4 ,i _h also a v t5d] affection = ,jacques ,curie & 8 family 7he 0 m>ri$ & _h two *ildr572 = ,pi]re's bro!r became m9e1 & has always rema9$ s4 ,our elde/ daught]1 ,ir5e1 0 born 9 ,septemb]1 #ahig1 & only a few days aft]w>ds my husb& suff]$ a great loss 9 ! dea? ( 8 "m4 ,doctor ,curie came to live ) u 9 a h\se :i* _h a g>d5 & 0 situat$ on ! old =tifications ( ,p>is 7#ajh ,b\lev>d ,kell]mann7 ne> ! p>k ( ,monts\ris4 ,pi]re ,curie liv$ 9 ?is h\se until ! end ( 8 life4 ,) ! bir? ( our *ild1 ! difficulties ( c>ry+ on our "w 7 augm5t$3 = ,i _h to give m "t to ! h\sehold4 ,v =tunately = u ,i c\ld leave my little girl ) h] gr&fa!r1 :o mu* enjoy$ tak+ c>e ( h]4 ,b we _h to ?9k also ( increas+ our res\rces to meet ! ne$s ( our l>g] family & to enable u to secure someone to help me 9 ! h\se1 a necessity f n[ on4 ,h[ev]1 our situation rema9$ z x 0 dur+ ! foll[+ two ye>s1 :i* we consecrat$ to int5sive laboratory rese>* on radioactivity4 ,x 01 inde$1 n reliev$ until #aijj1 to ! detrim5t1 x is true1 ( ! am\nt ( "t we c\ld give to our inve/igations4 ,all =mal social obligations 7 exclud$ f our life4 ,pi]re ,curie _h = su* ?+s an unconqu]able repugnance4 ,nei!r 9 8 e>li] nor 8 lat] life w\ld he pay visits or und]take to involve himself 9 relations )\t special int]e/4 ,by nature grave & sil5t1 he pref]r$ to ab&on himself to 8 own reflections1 r ?an to engage 9 an ex*ange ( banal words4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he valu$ greatly 8 boyhood fri5ds1 & ^? to :om he 0 b\nd by a common int]e/ 9 sci5ce4 ,among ! latt]1 ,e4 ,g\y1 pr(essor ( ! faculty ( sci5ces at ,lyon1 %\ld be nam$4 ,8 fri5dly relations ) ,pi]re ,curie dat$ f ! "t :5 !y 7 bo? prep>ators at ! ,sorbonne4 ,!y c>ri$ on regul>ly a sci5tific correspond5ce1 & took great pleasure 9 see+ ea* o!r aga9 dur+ ! v>i\s brief visits ( ,e4 ,g\y to ,p>is1 on :i* occasions !y 7 insep>able4 ,!re exi/$ also a fri5d%ip ( long /&+ betwe5 my husb& & ,*4 ,ed4 ,guillaume1 n[ director ( ! ,int]national ,bureau ( ,weights & ,measures ( ,svres4 ,!y met at ! ,physics ,society & occasionally on ,sundays at ,svres or ,sceaux4 ,lat] a gr\p ( y\ng] m5 =m$ !mselves ab\t ,pi]re ,curie4 ,!y 7 inve/igators engag$1 z he 01 9 physical & *emical rese>* 9 ! newe/ fields ( ^! sci5ces4 ,among ^! m5 7 ,&r ,debi]ne1 my husb&'s intimate fri5d & collaborator 9 ! "w on radioactivity2 ,george ,sagnac1 8 collaborator 9 a /udy ( ! ,x-rays2 ,paul ,langev91 :o became a pr(essor 9 ! ,collge de ,france2 ,jean ,p]r91 at pres5t pr(essor ( physical *emi/ry 9 ! ,sorbonne2 & ,georges ,urba91 /ud5t ( ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & lat] pr(essor 9 ! ,sorbonne4 ,(t5 "o or ! o!r came to see u 9 our quiet h\se 9 ! ,b\lev>d ,kell]mann4 ,!n we engag$ 9 discussions ( rec5t or future exp]im5ts1 or ( new ideas & !ories1 & nev] tir$ ( rejoic+ ov] ! m>vel\s developm5t ( mod]n physics4 ,!re 7 n _m l>ge reunions 9 our h\se1 = my husb& did n feel ! ne$ ( !m4 ,he 0 m at 8 ease 9 a conv]sation ) "s "o or few p]sons1 & r>ely att5d$ any meet+s except ^? ( ! sci5tific societies4 ,if by *ance he f\nd himself 9 a ga!r+ :]e ! g5]al conv]sation did n int]e/ him1 he took refuge 9 a tranquil corn] :]e he c\ld =get ! company z he pursu$ 8 own ?\ghts4 ,our relations ) our families 7 v re/rict$ on 8 side z on m9e2 = he _h few relatives & m9e 7 f> away4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 v devot$ to ^? ( my family :o c\ld come to visit me 9 ,p>is1 or dur+ our vacations4 ,9 #ahii1 ,pi]re ,curie made a j\rney ) me to ! ,c>pa?ians ( ,au/rian ,pol&1 :]e "o ( my si/]s1 m>ri$ to ,doctor ,dluski & h]self a physician1 direct$1 ) him1 a l>ge sanatorium4 ,?r\gh a t\*+ desire to "k all t 0 de> to me1 my husb&1 ?\gh he knew little ( =eign languages1 wi%$ to le>n ,poli%1 some?+ :i* ,i _h n ?\ght ( sugge/+ because ,i did n believe x c\ld prove suffici5tly useful to him4 ,he felt a s9c]e sympa?y = my c\ntry & believ$ 9 ! future ,e/abli%m5t ( a free ,pol&4 ,9 our life toge!r x 0 giv5 to me to "k him z he _h hop$ ,i might1 & to p5etrate ea* day fur!r into 8 ?\ght4 ,he 0 z mu* & mu* m ?an all ,i _h dream$ at ! "t ( our union4 ,my admiration ( 8 unusual qualities grew cont9ually2 he liv$ on a plane s r>e & s elevat$ t he sometimes seem$ to me a be+ unique 9 8 fre$om f all vanity & f ! littl5esses t "o discov]s 9 oneself & 9 o!rs1 & :i* "o judges ) indulg5ce al?\gh aspir+ to a m p]fect ideal4 ,9 ?is lay1 )\t d\bt1 ! secret ( t inf9ite *>m ( 8 to :i* "o c\ld n long re/ ins5sible4 ,8 ?\ghtful expression & ! directness ( 8 look 7 /rongly attractive & ?is attraction 0 increas$ by 8 k9dl9ess & g5tl5ess ( "*4 ,he sometimes said t he nev] felt combative1 & ?is 0 entirely true4 ,"o c\ld n ent] into a dispute ) him because he c\ld n become angry4 ,gett+ angry is n "o ( my /rong po9ts1 he w\ld say1 smil+4 ,if he _h few fri5ds1 he _h no enemies2 = he c\ld n injure anyone1 ev5 by inadv]t5ce4 ,b at ! same "t no "o c\ld =ce him to deviate f 8 l9e ( action1 some?+ :i* l$ 8 fa!r to nickname him ! g5tle /ubborn "o4 ,:5 he express$ 8 op9ion he did s frankly1 = he 0 conv9c$ t diplomatic me?ods are pu]ile1 & t directness is at once easie/ & be/4 ,because ( ?is practice1 he acquir$ a c]ta9 reputation = navet2 9 reality he 0 act+ on a well-consid]$ decision1 r ?an by in/9ct4 ,x 0 p]haps because he 0 able to judge himself & to retire )9 himself1 t he 0 s capable ( cle>ly appreciat+ ! spr+s ( action1 ! int5tion1 & ! ?\ghts ( o!rs4 ,& if he sometimes neglect$ details1 he 0 r>ely deceiv$ 9 ! ess5tials4 ,usually he kept 8 sure judgm5ts to himself2 b once he _h made up 8 m9d he sometimes express$ !m )\t retic5ce1 9 ! assurance t he 0 do+ some?+ useful4 ,9 8 sci5tific relations he %[$ no %>pness1 & did n p]mit himself to be influ5c$ by consid]ations ( p]sonal cr$it or by p]sonal s5tim5ts4 ,e beautiful success gave him pleasure1 ev5 if a*iev$ 9 a doma9 :]e he felt himself to h priority4 ,he said3 ,:at does x matt] if ,i h n publi%$ su* & su* inve/igations1 if ano!r has publi%$ !m8 ,= he held t 9 sci5ce we %\ld be int]e/$ 9 ?+s & n 9 p]sons4 ,he 0 s g5u9ely aga9/ e =m ( emulation t he oppos$ ev5 ! competitions & grad+s ( ! lyces1 z well z all =ms ( honor>y di/9ction4 ,he nev] fail$ to give c\nsel & enc\ragem5t to any ( ^? :o %[$ an aptitude = sci5ce1 & c]ta9 among !m /ill rema9 pr(\ndly grateful to him4 ,if 8 attitude 0 t ( "o ( ! lite :o h atta9$ ! highe/ summit ( civilization1 8 acts 7 ^? ( a truly good man end[$ ) ! s5tim5t ( human solid>ity intimately b\nd to 8 intellectual conceptions1 & full ( und]/&+ & indulg5ce4 ,he 0 always ready to aid1 z f> z 8 means all[$1 any p]son 9 a difficult situation1 ev5 if help+ meant giv+ "s ( 8 "t1 :i* 0 always ! greate/ sacrifice he c\ld make4 ,8 g5]osity 0 s spontane\s t "o sc>cely notic$ x4 ,he believ$ t ! only advantage ( mat]ial means1 beyond t ( provid+ ! necessities ( a simple life1 0 9 ! opportunity !y (f]$ ( aid+ o!rs1 & ( pursu+ ! "w ( "o's pref]5ce4 ,:at %all ,i say1 f9ally1 ( 8 love = 8 own1 & ( 8 qualities z fri5d8 ,8 fri5d%ip1 :i* he gave r>ely1 0 sure & fai?ful1 = x re/$ on a community ( ideas & op9ions4 ,& /ill m r>ely did he give affection2 b h[ complete 0 8 gift to 8 bro!r & to me6 ,he c\ld =sake 8 cu/om>y res]ve = an uncon/ra9t :i* e/abli%$ h>mony & confid5ce4 ,8 t5d]ness 0 ! mo/ exquisite ( bless+s1 sure & helpful1 full ( g5tl5ess & solicitude4 ,x 0 good to be surr\nd$ by ?is t5d]ness2 x 0 cruel to lose x aft] hav+ liv$ 9 an atmosph]e completely p]meat$ by x4 ,b ,i w let 8 own words tell h[ completely he gave himself3 ,i ?9k ( y :o fill my life1 & ,i long = new p[]s4 ,x seems to me t 9 conc5trat+ my m9d exclusively ^u y1 z ,i am do+1 t ,i %\ld succe$ 9 see+ y1 & 9 foll[+ :at y are do+2 & t ,i %\ld be able to make y feel t ,i am altoge!r y\rs at ?is mom5t1--b ! image does n come4 ,we 7 n w>rant$ 9 hav+ great confid5ce 9 our heal?1 nor 9 our /r5g? s (t5 put to sev]e te/s4 ,& f "t to "t1 z happ5s to ^? :o "k ! value ( %>+ a common life1 ! fe> ( ! irrep>able t\*$ our m9ds4 ,9 su* mom5ts 8 simple c\rage l$ him always to ! same inevitable conclusion3 ,:atev] happ5s1 ev5 if "o %\ld become l a body )\t a s\l1 /ill "o mu/ always "w4 ,footnote #f3 ,! foll[+ are a few brief biographical details3 ,my "n is ,m>ie ,sklod[ska4 ,my fa!r & "m belong$ to ,ca?olic ,poli% families4 ,bo? 7 tea*]s 9 second>y s*ools 9 ,w>saw 7at t "t "u ,russia74 ,i 0 born 9 ,w>saw & att5d$ a lyce !re4 ,foll[+ ! lyce1 ,i taught sev]al ye>s4 ,!n 9 #ahib ,i came to ,p>is 9 ord] to /udy sci5ce4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,dream ,,become ,a ,,reality4 ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,radium ,i h already said t 9 #ahig ,pi]re ,curie 0 occupi$ ) an inve/igation on ! gr[? ( cry/als4 ,i myself _h f9i%$1 by ! beg9n+ ( vacation1 a /udy ( ! magnetization ( temp]$ /eels :i* _h result$ 9 our gett+ a small subv5tion f ! ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,national ,indu/ry4 ,our daught] ,ir5e 0 born 9 ,septemb]1 & z soon z ,i 0 well aga91 ,i resum$ my "w 9 ! laboratory ) ! int5tion ( prep>+ a doctor's !sis4 ,our att5tion 0 caught by a curi\s ph5om5on discov]$ 9 #ahif by ,h5ri ,becqu]el4 ,! discov]y ( ! ,x-ray by ,ro5tg5 _h excit$ ! imag9ation1 & _m physicians 7 try+ to discov] if simil> rays 7 n emitt$ by fluoresc5t bodies "u ! action ( light4 ,) ?is "q 9 m9d ,h5ri ,becqu]el 0 /udy+ uranium salts1 &1 z sometimes occurs1 came ^u a ph5om5on diff]5t f t he 0 look+ =3 ! spontane\s emission by uranium salts ( rays ( a peculi> "*4 ,?is 0 ! discov]y ( radioactivity4 ,! p>ticul> ph5om5on discov]$ by ,becqu]el 0 z foll[s3 uranium comp\nd plac$ ^u a photographic plate cov]$ ) black pap] produces on t plate an impression analog\s to t :i* light w\ld make4 ,! impression is due to uranium rays t trav]se ! pap]4 ,^! same rays c1 l ,x-rays1 dis*>ge an electroscope1 by mak+ ! air :i* surr\nds x a conductor4 ,h5ri ,becqu]el assur$ himself t ^! prop]ties d n dep5d on a prelim9>y isolation1 & t !y p]si/ :5 ! uranium comp\nd is kept 9 d>kness dur+ sev]al mon?s4 ,! next /ep 0 to ask :5ce came ?is en]gy1 ( m9ute quantity1 x is true1 b con/antly giv5 (f by uranium comp\nds "u ! =m ( radiations4 ,! /udy ( ?is ph5om5on seem$ to u v attractive & all ! m s because ! "q 0 entirely new & no?+ yet _h be5 writt5 ^u x4 ,i decid$ to und]take an inve/igation ( x4 ,x 0 necess>y to f9d a place 9 :i* to conduct ! exp]im5ts4 ,my husb& obta9$ f ! director ( ! ,s*ool ! au?orization to use a glass$-9 /udy on ! gr\nd floor :i* 0 !n be+ us$ z a /or]oom & ma*9e %op4 ,illu/ration3 ,h5ri ,manuel1 ,p>is4 ,pi]re & ,m>ie ,curie 9 _! laboratory1 :]e radium 0 discov]$4 ,9 ord] to g beyond ! results rea*$ by ,becqu]el1 x 0 necess>y to employ a precise quantitative me?od4 ,! ph5om5on t be/ l5t itself to measurem5t 0 ! conductibility produc$ 9 ! air by uranium rays4 ,?is ph5om5on1 :i* is call$ ionization1 is produc$ also by ,x-rays & inve/igation ( x 9 connection ) !m _h made kn[n its pr9cipal *>act]i/ics4 ,= measur+ ! v feeble curr5ts t "o c make pass ?r\gh air ioniz$ by uranium rays1 ,i _h at my disposition an excell5t me?od develop$ & appli$ by ,pi]re & ,jacques ,curie4 ,?is me?od consi/s 9 c\nt]balanc+ on a s5sitive electromet] ! quantity ( electricity c>ri$ by ! curr5t ) t :i* a piezo-electric qu>tz c furni%4 ,! in/allation !re=e requir$ a ,curie electromet]1 a piezo-electric qu>tz1 & a *amb] ( ionization1 :i* la/ 0 =m$ by a plate cond5s] ^: high] plate 0 jo9$ to ! electromet]1 :ile ! l[] plate1 *>g$ ) a kn[n pot5tial1 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( ! sub/ance to be exam9$4 ,ne$less to say1 ! place = su* an electrometric in/allation 0 h>dly ! cr[d$ & damp little room 9 :i* ,i _h to set x up4 ,my exp]im5ts prov$ t ! radiation ( uranium comp\nds c be measur$ ) precision "u det]m9$ conditions1 & t ?is radiation is an atomic prop]ty ( ! elem5t ( uranium4 ,its int5sity is proportional to ! quantity ( uranium conta9$ 9 ! comp\nd1 & dep5ds nei!r on conditions ( *emical comb9ation1 nor on ext]nal circum/ances1 su* z light or temp]ature4 ,i und]took next to discov] if !re 7 o!r elem5ts possess+ ! same prop]ty1 & ) ?is aim ,i exam9$ all ! elem5ts !n kn[n1 ei!r 9 _! pure /ate or 9 comp\nds4 ,i f\nd t among ^! bodies1 ?orium comp\nds are ! only ones :i* emit rays simil> to ^? ( uranium4 ,! radiation ( ?orium has an int5sity ( ! same ord] z t ( uranium1 & is1 z 9 ! case ( uranium1 an atomic prop]ty ( ! elem5t4 ,x 0 necess>y at ?is po9t to f9d a new t]m to def9e ?is new prop]ty ( matt] manife/$ by ! elem5ts ( uranium & ?orium4 ,i propos$ ! ^w radioactivity :i* has s9ce become g5]ally adopt$2 ! radioactive elem5ts h be5 call$ radio elem5ts4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( my rese>*1 ,i _h _h occasion to exam9e n only simple comp\nds1 salts & oxides1 b also a great numb] ( m9]als4 ,c]ta9 ones prov$ radioactive2 ^! 7 ^? conta9+ uranium & ?orium2 b _! radioactivity seem$ abnormal1 = x 0 mu* great] ?an ! am\nt ,i _h f\nd 9 uranium & ?orium _h l$ me to expect4 ,?is abnormality greatly surpris$ u4 ,:5 ,i _h assur$ myself t x 0 n due to an error 9 ! exp]im5t1 x became necess>y to f9d an explanation4 ,i !n made ! hypo!sis t ! ores uranium & ?orium conta9 9 small quantity a sub/ance mu* m /rongly radioactive ?an ei!r uranium or ?orium4 ,?is sub/ance c\ld n be "o ( ! kn[n elem5ts1 because ^! _h already be5 exam9$2 x mu/1 !re=e1 be a new *emical elem5t4 ,i _h a passionate desire to v]ify ?is hypo!sis z rapidly z possible4 ,& ,pi]re ,curie1 ke5ly int]e/$ 9 ! "q1 ab&on$ 8 "w on cry/als 7provisionally1 he ?\ght7 to jo9 me 9 ! se>* = ?is unkn[n sub/ance4 ,we *ose1 = our "w1 ! ore pit*bl5de1 a uranium ore1 :i* 9 its pure /ate is ab\t f\r times m active ?an oxide ( uranium4 ,s9ce ! composition ( ?is ore 0 kn[n ?r\gh v c>eful *emical analysis1 we c\ld expect to f9d1 at a maximum1 #a p] c5t ( new sub/ance4 ,! result ( our exp]im5t prov$ t !re 7 9 reality new radioactive elem5ts 9 pit*bl5de1 b t _! proportion did n rea* ev5 a million? p] c5t6 ,! me?od we employ$ is a new me?od 9 *emical rese>* bas$ on radioactivity4 ,x consi/s 9 induc+ sep>ation by ! ord9>y means ( *emical analysis1 & ( measur+1 "u suitable conditions1 ! radioactivity ( all ! sep>ate products4 ,by ?is means "o c note ! *emical "* ( ! radioactive elem5t s\ght =1 = x w become conc5trat$ 9 ^? products :i* w become m & m radioactive z ! sep>ation progresses4 ,we soon recogniz$ t ! radioactivity 0 conc5trat$ pr9cipally 9 two diff]5t *emical fractions1 & we became able to recognize 9 pit*bl5de ! pres5ce ( at lea/ two new radioactive elem5ts3 polonium & radium4 ,we ann\nc$ ! exi/5ce ( polonium 9 ,july1 #ahih1 & ( radium 9 ,decemb] ( ! same ye>4#g ,9 spite ( ?is relatively rapid progress1 our "w 0 f> f f9i%$4 ,9 our op9ion1 !re c\ld be no d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! new elem5ts1 b to make *emi/s admit _! exi/5ce1 x 0 necess>y to isolate !m4 ,n[1 9 our mo/ /rongly radioactive products 7sev]al hundr$ times m active ?an uranium71 ! polonium & radium 7 pres5t only z traces4 ,! polonium occurr$ associat$ ) bismu? extract$ f pit*bl5de1 & radium accompani$ ! b>ium extract$ f ! same m9]al4 ,we already knew by :at me?ods we might hope to sep>ate polonium f bismu? & radium f b>ium2 b to accompli% su* a sep>ation we _h to h at our disposition mu* l>g] quantities ( ! prim>y ore ?an we _h4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod ( our rese>* t we 7 extremely h&icapp$ by inadequate conditions1 by ! lack ( a prop] place to "w 91 by ! lack ( money & ( p]sonnel4 ,pit*bl5de 0 an exp5sive m9]al1 & we c\ld n af=d to buy a suffici5t quantity4 ,at t "t ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ?is m9]al 0 at ,/4 ,joa*im/hal 7,bohemia7 :]e !re 0 a m9e :i* ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t work$ = ! extraction ( uranium4 ,we believ$ t we w\ld f9d all ! radium & a "p ( ! polonium 9 ! residues ( ?is m9e1 residues :i* _h s f> n be5 us$ at all4 ,?anks to ! influ5ce ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ( ,vi5na1 we secur$ sev]al tons ( ^! residues at an advantage\s price1 & we us$ x z our prim>y mat]ial4 ,9 ! beg9n+ we _h to draw on our private res\rces to pay ! co/s ( our exp]im5t2 lat] we 7 giv5 a few subv5tions & "s help f outside s\rces4 ,! "q ( qu>t]s 0 p>ticul>ly s]i\s2 we did n "k :]e we c\ld conduct our *emical treatm5ts4 ,we _h be5 oblig$ to />t !m 9 an ab&on$ /or]oom across a c\rt f ! workroom :]e we _h our electrometric in/allation4 ,?is 0 a wood5 %$ ) a bitum9\s floor & a glass ro( :i* did n keep ! ra9 out1 & )\t any int]ior arrangem5ts4 ,! only objects x conta9$ 7 "s worn p9e tables1 a ca/-iron /ove1 :i* work$ badly1 & ! blackbo>d :i* ,pi]re ,curie lov$ to use4 ,!re 7 no hoods to c>ry away ! poison\s gases ?r[n (f 9 our *emical treatm5ts1 s t x 0 necess>y to c>ry !m on outside 9 ! c\rt1 b :5 ! wea!r 0 unfavorable we w5t on ) !m inside1 leav+ ! w9d[s op54 ,illu/ration3 ,a view ( ! extraction ( radium 9 ! old %$ :]e ! fir/ radium 0 obta9$4 ,9 ?is make%ift laboratory we work$ practically unaid$ dur+ two ye>s1 occupy+ ourselves z mu* ) *emical rese>* z ) ! /udy ( ! radiation ( ! increas+ly active products we 7 obta9+4 ,!n x became necess>y = u to divide our "w4 ,pi]re ,curie cont9u$ ! inve/igations on ! prop]ties ( radium1 :ile ,i w5t ahead ) ! *emical exp]im5ts :i* _h z _! objective ! prep>ation ( pure radium salts4 ,i _h to "w ) z mu* z tw5ty kilogrammes ( mat]ial at a "t1 s t ! hang> 0 fill$ ) great vessels full ( precipitates & ( liquids4 ,x 0 exhau/+ "w to move ! conta9]s ab\t1 to transf] ! liquids1 & to /ir = h\rs at a "t1 ) an iron b>1 ! boil+ mat]ial 9 ! ca/-iron bas94 ,i extract$ f ! m9]al ! radium-be>+ b>ium & ?is1 9 ! /ate ( *loride1 ,i submitt$ to a fractional cry/allization4 ,! radium accumulat$ 9 ! lea/ soluble p>ts1 & ,i believ$ t ?is process mu/ lead to ! sep>ation ( ! *loride ( radium4 ,! v delicate op]ations ( ! la/ cry/allizations 7 exce$+ly difficult to c>ry out 9 t laboratory1 :]e x 0 impossible to f9d protection f ! iron & coal du/4 ,at ! end ( a ye>1 results indicat$ cle>ly t x w\ld be easi] to sep>ate radium ?an polonium2 t is :y we conc5trat$ our ef=ts 9 ?is direction4 ,we exam9$ ! radium salts we obta9$ ) ! aim ( discov]+ _! p[]s & we loan$ samples ( ! salts to sev]al sci5ti/s1#h 9 p>ticul> to ,h5ri ,becqu]el4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #ahii & #aijj1 ,pi]re ,curie publi%$ ) me a memoir on ! discov]y ( ! induc$ radioactivity produc$ by radium4 ,we publi%$ ano!r pap] on ! effects ( ! rays3 ! lum9\s effects1 ! *emical effects1 etc42 & /ill ano!r on ! electric *>ge c>ri$ by c]ta9 ( ! rays4 ,&1 f9ally1 we made a g5]al report on ! new radioactive sub/ances & _! radiations1 = ! ,congress ( ,physics :i* met 9 ,p>is 9 #aijj4 ,my husb& publi%$1 besides1 a /udy ( ! action ( a magnetic field on radium rays4 ,illu/ration3 ,pi]re ,curie ) ! qu>tz piezo-electroscope he inv5t$1 by :i* rays ( radium are measur$4 ,! ma9 result ( our inve/igations & ( ^? ( o!r sci5ti/s dur+ ^! ye>s1 0 to make kn[n ! nature ( ! rays emitt$ by radium1 & to prove t !y belong$ to ?ree diff]5t categories4 ,radium emits a /ream ( active corpuscles mov+ ) great spe$4 ,c]ta9 ( !m c>ry a positive *>ge & =m ! ,alpha rays2 o!rs1 mu* small]1 c>ry a negative *>ge & =m ,beta rays4 ,! movem5ts ( ^! two gr\ps are influ5c$ by a magnet4 ,a ?ird gr\p is con/itut$ by ! rays t are ins5sible to ! action ( a magnet1 & t1 we "k to-day1 are a radiation simil> to light & to ,x-rays4 ,we _h an especial joy 9 obs]v+ t our products conta9+ conc5trat$ radium 7 all spontane\sly lum9\s4 ,my husb& :o _h hop$ to see !m %[ beautiful colorations _h to agree t ?is o!r unhop$-= *>act]i/ic gave him ev5 a great] satisfaction ?an t he _h aspir$ to4 ,! ,congress ( #aijj (f]$ u an opportunity to make kn[n1 at clos] range1 to =eign sci5ti/s1 our new radioactive bodies4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! po9ts on :i* ! int]e/ ( ?is ,congress *iefly c5t]$4 ,we 7 at ?is "t entirely absorb$ 9 ! new field t op5$ be=e u1 ?anks to ! discov]y s little expect$4 ,& we 7 v happy 9 spite ( ! difficult conditions "u :i* we work$4 ,we pass$ our days at ! laboratory1 (t5 eat+ a simple /ud5t's lun* !re4 ,a great tranquillity reign$ 9 our poor1 %abby hang>2 occasionally1 :ile obs]v+ an op]ation1 we w\ld walk up & d[n talk+ ( our "w1 pres5t & future4 ,:5 we 7 cold1 a cup ( hot tea1 drunk beside ! /ove1 *e]$ u4 ,we liv$ 9 a preoccupation z complete z t ( a dream4 ,sometimes we return$ 9 ! ev5+ aft] d9n] = ano!r survey ( our doma94 ,our preci\s products1 = :i* we _h no %elt]1 7 arrang$ on tables & bo>ds2 f all sides we c\ld see _! slightly lum9\s silh\ettes1 & ^! gleam+s1 :i* seem$ susp5d$ 9 ! d>kness1 /irr$ u ) ev] new emotion & en*antm5t4 ,actually1 ! employees ( ! ,s*ool ow$ ,pi]re ,curie no s]vice4 ,b nev]!less ! laboratory help] :om he _h _h to aid him :5 he 0 laboratory *ief _h always cont9u$ to help him z mu* z he c\ld 9 ! "t at 8 disposal4 ,?is good man1 ^: "n 0 ,petit1 felt a real affection & solicitude = u1 & _m ?+s 7 made easi] because ( 8 good w & ! int]e/ he took 9 our success4 ,illu/ration3 ,a view ( ! extraction ( radium 9 ! old %$ :]e ! fir/ radium 0 obta9$4 ,we _h begun our rese>* 9 radioactivity q alone1 b because ( ! magnitude ( ! und]tak+1 we 7 m & m conv9c$ ( ! utility ( invit+ collaboration4 ,already 9 #ahih1 "o ( ! laboratory *iefs ( ! ,s*ool1 ,g4 ,bemont1 _h giv5 u tempor>y aid4 ,& t[>d #aijj ,pi]re ,curie associat$ ) him a "y *emi/1 ,&r ,debi]ne1 prep>ator "u ,fri$el1 :o held him 9 high e/eem4 ,&r ,debi]ne gladly accept$ ,pi]re ,curie's proposal t he occupy himself ) ! inve/igation ( radioactivity2 & he und]took1 9 p>ticul>1 ! se>* = a new radio elem5t1 :i* we suspect$ exi/$ 9 ! iron gr\p & 9 r>e e>?s4 ,he discov]$ ! elem5t act9ium4 ,ev5 ?\gh he c>ri$ on 8 "w 9 ! laboratory ( physical *emi/ry at ! ,sorbonne1 direct$ by ,jean ,p]r91 he frequ5tly came to visit u 9 our /or]oom1 & 0 soon an intimate fri5d ( ours1 & ( ,doctor ,curie & ! *ildr54 ,ab\t ?is same "t1 ,george ,sagnac1 a "y physici/ engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ,x-rays1 (t5 came to discuss ) my husb& ! analogies "o c\ld expect to f9d betwe5 ^! rays1 & _! second>y rays1 & ! radiations ( radioactive bodies4 ,!y work$ toge!r on ! inve/igation ( ! electric *>ge c>ri$ by ! second>y rays4 ,besides our collaborators we saw v few p]sons 9 ! laboratory2 h[ev]1 f "t to "t "s physici/ or *emi/ came to see our exp]im5ts1 or to ask ,pi]re ,curie = advice or in=mation2 = 8 au?ority 9 sev]al bran*es ( physics 0 v well recogniz$4 ,& !n !re 7 discussions be=e ! blackbo>d1--discussions :i* are pleasantly rememb]$ to-day1 because !y /imulat$ an int]e/ 9 sci5ce & an ardor = "w )\t int]rupt+ any c\rse ( reflection1 & )\t tr\bl+ t atmosph]e ( peace & contemplation :i* is ! true atmosph]e ( ! laboratory4 ,footnote #g3 ,?is la/ publication 0 issu$ 9 common ) ,g4 ,bemont1 :o _h collaborat$ ) u 9 our exp]im5ts4 ,footnote #h3 ,i quote1 z an example1 a lett] address$ to ,pi]re ,curie by ,a4 ,pauls51 ?ank+ him = radioactive products loan$ him 9 #ahii3 ,d5 ,damke ,nordl's ,exp$ition ,akureyi1 #af ,oct4 #ahii4 ,monsieur1 & mo/ honor$ colleague1 ,i ?ank y w>mly = y\r lett] ( ,augu/ #a1 :i* ,i h j receiv$ 9 ! nor? ( ,icel&4 ,we h ab&on$ all ! me?ods hi!rto employ$ to e/abli% 9 a fix$ conductor ! pot5tial t exi/s at c]ta9 po9ts 9 ! mass ( air t surr\nds x1 & are us+ only y\r radiant p[d]4 ,accept1 ,monsieur1 & mo/ honor$ colleague1 my respectful salutations & my r5ew$ ?anks = ! great s]vices y h r5d]$ my exp$ition4 ,,adam ,,pauls54 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,= ,,means ,,to ,,"w4 ,,! ,,burd5 ,,( ,,celebrity4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,assi/ance ,,f ,,! ,,/ate4 ,,x ,,comes ,,too ,,late ,9 spite ( our desire to conc5trate our entire ef=t on ! "w 9 :i* we 7 engag$1 & 9 spite ( ! fact t our ne$s 7 s mode/1 we 7 =c$ to recognize1 t[>d #aijj1 t "s increase 9 our income 0 indisp5sable4 ,pi]re ,curie _h few illusions ab\t 8 *ances ( obta9+ an important *air 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 :i* w\ld1 ev5 ?\gh x meant no l>ge sal>y1 h suffic$ = ! small ne$s ( our family1 & enabl$ u to live )\t a supplem5t>y rev5ue4 ,s9ce he 0 nei!r a graduate ( ! ,normal ,s*ool nor ( ! ,polyte*nic1 he lack$ ! support1 (t5 decisive1 :i* ^! big s*ools give _! pupils2 & ! po/s to :i* he might ju/ly h aspir$1 because ( 8 a*ievem5ts1 7 giv5 to o!rs1 )\t anyone's ev5 ?9k+ ( him z a possible c&idate4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #ahih1 he ask$1 )\t success1 = ! ,*air ( ,physical ,*emi/ry left vacant by ! dea? ( ,salet1 & ?is failure conv9c$ him t he _h no *ance ( advancem5t4 ,he 0 appo9t$1 h[ev]1 9 ,m>*1 #aijj1 to ! position ( assi/ant pr(essor 7rptiteur7 9 ! ,polyte*nic ,s*ool1 b he kept 8 po/ only six mon?s4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aijj1 !re came an unexpect$ (f]1 t ( ! ,*air ( ,physics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,g5eva4 ,! doy5 ( t ,univ]sity made ! invitation 9 ! mo/ cordial mann]1 & insi/$ t ! ,univ]sity 0 ready to make an exceptional ef=t to secure a sci5ti/ ( su* high repute4 ,! advantages ( ?is position 7 t ! sal>y 0 l>g] ?an ! av]age "o1 t x c>ri$ ! promise ( ! developm5t ( a ,physics ,laboratory adequate to our ne$s1 & t an (ficial position = me w\ld be provid$ 9 ?is laboratory4 ,su* a proposition m]it$ a mo/ c>eful consid]ation1 s we made a visit to ! ,univ]sity ( ,g5eva1 :]e our reception 0 ! mo/ enc\rag+ possible4 ,?is 0 a grave decision = u to make4 ,g5eva pres5t$ mat]ial advantages1 & ! opportunity ( a life comp>able 9 its tranquillity ) t 9 ! c\ntry4 ,pi]re ,curie 01 !re=e1 tempt$ to accept1 & x 0 only our imm$iate int]e/ 9 our rese>*es 9 radium t made him f9ally decide n to4 ,he fe>$ ! int]ruption ( our inve/igations :i* su* a *ange mu/ involve4 ,at ?is mom5t ! ,*air ( ,physics 9 ! physics1 *emi/ry & natural hi/ory c\rse at ! ,sorbonne1 obligatory = /ud5ts ( m$ic9e1 & famili>ly kn[n z ,p4,c4,n41 0 vacant2 he appli$1 & 0 appo9t$1 due to ! influ5ce ( ,h5ri ,po9c>1 :o 0 anxi\s to free him f ! necessity ( quitt+ ,france4 ,at ! same "t ,i 0 giv5 *>ge ( ! physics lectures 9 ! ,normal ,s*ool = ,girls at ,svres4 ,s we rema9$ 9 ,p>is1 & ) our income increas$4 ,b we 7 at ! same "t work+ "u increas+ly difficult conditions4 ,pi]re ,curie 0 do+ d\ble tea*+2 & t 9 ! ,p4,c4,n41 ) its v l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts1 fatigu$ him greatly4 ,z = myself1 ,i _h to give mu* "t to ! prep>ation ( my lectures at ,svres1 & to ! organization ( ! laboratory "w !re1 :i* ,i f\nd v insuffici5t4 ,moreov]1 ,pi]re ,curie's new position did n br+ ) x a laboratory2 a little (fice & a s+le "w room 7 all t he _h at 8 disposition 9 ! annex 7#ab rue ,cuvi]7 ( ! ,sorbonne1 :i* s]v$ z tea*+ qu>t]s = ! ,p4,c4,n4 ,& yet he felt x absolutely necess>y to g ahead ) 8 own "w4 ,9 fact1 ! rapid ext5sion ( 8 inve/igations 9 radioactivity _h made him det]m9e t 9 8 new position at ! ,sorbonne he w\ld receive /ud5ts & />t !m 9 rese>*4 ,he !re=e took /eps to f9d l>g] available work+ qu>t]s4 ,^? :o h tak5 simil> /eps realize ! wall ( f9ancial & adm9i/rative ob/acles aga9/ :i* he 0 ?r[+ himself1 & realize ! l>ge numb] ( (ficial lett]s1 visits1 & ( reque/s ! lea/ success entail$4 ,all ?is ?or\ghly we>i$ & disc\rag$ ,pi]re ,curie4 ,he 0 oblig$1 too1 con/antly1 to keep travel+ back & =? betwe5 ! laboratories ( ! ,p4,c4,n4 & ! hang> ( ! ,s*ool ( ,physics :]e we /ill cont9u$ our "w4 ,& besides ^! difficulties1 we f\nd t we c\ld n make fur!r progress )\t ! aid ( indu/rial means ( treat+ our raw mat]ial4 ,=tunately c]ta9 exp$i5ts & g5]\s assi/ance solv$ ?is "q4 ,z e>ly z #ahii ,pi]re ,curie succe$$ 9 organiz+ a fir/ indu/rial exp]im5t1 us+ = x a *ance in/allation plac$ at 8 disposition by ! ,c5tral ,society ( ,*emical ,products1 ) :i* he _h _h relations 9 connection ) ! con/ruction ( 8 balances4 ,! te*nical details _h be5 arrang$ v successfully by ,&r ,debi]ne1 & ! op]ations br\ght good results1 ev5 ?\gh x _h be5 necess>y to tra9 a special p]sonnel = ?is *emical "w :i* dem&$ special precautions4 ,our inve/igations _h />t$ a g5]al sci5tific movem5t1 & simil> "w 0 be+ und]tak5 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,t[>d ^! ef=ts ,pi]re ,curie ma9ta9$ a mo/ dis9t]e/$ & lib]al attitude4 ,) my agreem5t he refus$ to draw any mat]ial pr(it f our discov]y4 ,we took no copyright1 & publi%$ )\t res]ve all ! results ( our rese>*1 z well z ! exact processes ( ! prep>ation ( radium4 ,9 addition1 we gave to ^? int]e/$ :atev] in=mation !y ask$ ( u4 ,?is 0 ( great b5efit to ! radium indu/ry1 :i* c\ld ?us develop 9 full fre$om1 fir/ 9 ,france1 !n 9 =eign c\ntries1 & furni% to sci5ti/s & to physicians ! products :i* !y ne$$4 ,?is indu/ry /ill employs to-day1 ) sc>cely any modifications1 ! processes indicat$ by u4#i ,ev5 ?\gh our indu/rial exp]im5t yield$ good results1 aga9 our sl5d] res\rces made x difficult to make fur!r progress4 ,inspir$ by our attempt1 a ,fr5* indu/rial1 ,armet de ,lisle1 _h ! idea1 :i* seem$ d>+ at t epo*1 ( f\nd+ a v]itable radium factory t w\ld furni% ?is product to physicians1 ^: int]e/ 9 ! biological effects ( radium & its possible !rapeutic applications _h be5 ar\s$ by ! publication ( v>i\s inve/igations4 ,! project prov$ a success because he c\ld employ m5 already tra9$ by u 9 ! delicate processes ( ?is manufacture4 ,radium 0 !n regul>ly plac$ on sale1 at a high price1 x is true1 because ( ! special conditions "u :i* x _h to be made1 & because1 too1 ( ! imm$iate rise 9 ! co/ ( ! m9]als necess>y to its production4#aj ,i %\ld l to express1 "h1 our appreciation ( ! _s 9 :i* ,armet de ,lisle (f]$ to coop]ate ) u4 ,9 an entirely dis9t]e/$ mann] he plac$ at our disposition a little work+ place 9 8 factory & a "p ( ! means necess>y = u to use x4 ,o!r funds 7 add$ ei!r by ourselves1 or came ?r\gh subv5tions1 ( :i* ! mo/ important1 accord$ 9 #aijb by ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 am\nt$ to #bj1jjj francs4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t we 7 able to utilize ! ore we _h acquir$ little by little 9 ! prep>ation ( a c]ta9 quantity ( radium1 :i* we us$ con/antly 9 our rese>*4 ,! radium-be>+ b>ium 0 extract$ 9 ! factory1 & ,i c>ri$ on its purification & fractional cry/allization 9 ! laboratory4 ,9 #aijb ,i succe$$ 9 prep>+ a decigramme ( *loride ( pure radium :i* gave only ! spectrum ( ! new elem5t1 radium4 ,i made a fir/ det]m9ation ( ! atomic weight ( ?is new elem5t1 an atomic weight mu* high] ?an t ( b>ium4 ,?us ! *emical individuality ( radium 0 completely e/abli%$1 & ! reality ( radioelem5ts 0 a kn[n fact ab\t :i* !re c\ld be no fur!r controv]sy4 ,i bas$ my doctor's !sis1 pres5t$ 9 #aijc1 on ^! inve/igations4 ,lat]1 ! quantity ( radium extract$ = ! laboratory 0 increas$1 & 9 #aijg ,i 0 able to make a second & m precise det]m9ation ( ! atomic weight z #bbe4ce--"o accepts n[ ! numb] #bbf4 ,i succe$$1 too1 jo9tly ) ,&r ,debi]ne1 9 obta9+ radium 9 ! /ate ( metal4 ,! total quantity ( radium ,i prep>$ & gave to ! laboratory1 9 agreem5t ) ,pi]re ,curie's desire1 am\nt$ to m ?an a gramme ( radium elem5t4 ,! activity ( pure radium exce$$ all our expectations4 ,= equal weights ?is sub/ance emits a radiation m ?an a million times m int5se ?an uranium4 ,to (fset ?is1 ! quantity ( radium conta9$ 9 uranium m9]als is sc>cely m ?an ?ree decigrammes ( radium to ! ton ( uranium4 ,!re is a v close relation betwe5 ^! two sub/ances4 ,9 fact1 we "k to-day t radium is produc$ 9 ! m9]als at ! exp5se ( uranium4 ,! ye>s t foll[$ 8 nom9ation to ! ,p4,c4,n4 7 h>d = ,pi]re ,curie4 ,he _h to face ! _m anxieties incid5t to ! organization ( a complicat$ sy/em ( "w :5 8 happ9ess dep5d$ on 8 be+ able to conc5trate 8 ef=ts on a s+le det]m9$ subject4 ,! physical fatigue due to ! num]\s c\rses he 0 oblig$ to give 0 s great t he suff]$ f attacks ( acute pa91 :i* 9 8 ov]tax$ condition became m & m frequ5t4 ,x 0 !re=e vitally important1 if he 0 to sp>e 8 en]gy & keep 8 heal?1 t ! burd5 ( 8 pr(essional duties be light5$4 ,he decid$ to apply = ! ,*air ( ,m9]alogy1 :i* 0 vacant1 at ! ,sorbonne1 = :i* he 0 entirely qualifi$ because ( 8 pr(\nd k & 8 important publications on ! !ories ( ! physics ( cry/als4 ,yet 8 c&idacy fail$4 ,dur+ ?is pa9ful p]iod he nev]!less manag$1 by a truly sup]human ef=t1 successfully to complete & publi% sev]al inve/igations t he _h made ei!r alone or 9 collaboration3 ,inve/igations on induc$ radioactivity 79 collaboration ) ,a4 ,debi]ne74 ,inve/igations on ! same subject 79 collaboration ) ,j4 ,danne74 ,inve/igations on ! conductibility provok$ 9 dielectric liquids by ! rays ( radium & ! ,ro5tg5 rays4 ,inve/igations on ! law ( ! decrease ( ! emanation ( radium & on ! radioactive con/ants t *>act]ize ?is emanation & its active deposit4 ,discov]y ( ! lib]ation ( heat produc$ by radium 79 collaboration ) ,a4 ,laborde74 ,inve/igations on ! diffusion ( ! emanation ( radium 9 ! air 79 collaboration ) ,j4 ,danne74 ,inve/igation on ! radioactivity ( gases f !rmal spr+s 79 collaboration ) ,a4 ,laborde74 ,inve/igation on ! physiological effects ( radium rays 79 common ) ,h5ri ,becqu]el74 ,inve/igation on ! physiological action ( ! radium emanation 79 common ) ,b\*>d & ,bal?az>d74 ,notes on ! app>atus = ! det]m9ation ( magnetic con/ants 79 common ) ,c4 ,*5eveau74 ,all ^! inve/igations 9 radioactivity are fundam5tal & t\* v v>i$ subjects4 ,sev]al h z _! aim ! /udy ( ! emanation1 t /range gase\s body t radium produces & :i* is l>gely responsible = ! int5se radiation commonly attribut$ to ! radium itself4 ,pi]re ,curie demon/rat$ by a se>*+ exam9ation ! rigor\s & inv>iable law accord+ to :i* ! emanation de/roys itself1 no matt] :at ! conditions are 9 :i* x f9ds itself4 ,to-day ! emanation ( radium1 h>ve/$ 9 t9y phials1 is commonly employ$ by physicians z a !rapeutic ag5t4 ,te*nical consid]ations make its employm5t pref]able to ! direct use ( radium1 & 9 ?is case no physician c proce$ )\t consult+ ! num]ical *>t :i* tells h[ mu* ( ?is emanation has disappe>$ ea* day1 despite ! fact t x is cloi/]$ 9 its little glass prison4 ,x is ?is same emanation t is f\nd 9 small quantities 9 m9]al wat]s1 & t plays a "p 9 _! curative effects4 ,m /rik+ /ill 0 ! discov]y ( ! dis*>ge ( heat f radium4 ,)\t any alt]ation 9 appe>ance ?is sub/ance releases ea* h\r a quantity ( heat suffici5t to melt its own weight ( ice4 ,:5 well protect$ aga9/ ?is ext]nal loss1 radium heats itself4 ,its temp]ature c rise #aj degrees or m above t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,?is defi$ all contempor>y sci5tific exp]i5ce4 ,f9ally1 ,i _c pass 9 sil5ce1 because ( _! v>i\s rep]cussions1 ! exp]im5ts connect$ ) ! physiological effects ( radium4 ,9 ord] to te/ ! results t _h j be5 ann\nc$ by ,f4 ,giesel1 ,pi]re ,curie volunt>ily expos$ 8 arm to ! action ( radium dur+ sev]al h\rs4 ,?is result$ 9 a lesion resembl+ a burn1 t develop$ progressively & requir$ sev]al mon?s to heal4 ,h5ri ,becqu]el _h by accid5t a simil> burn z a result ( c>ry+ 9 8 ve/ pocket a glass tube conta9+ radium salt4 ,he came to tell u ( ?is evil effect ( radium1 exclaim+ 9 a mann] at once delight$ & annoy$3 ,i love x1 b ,i owe x a grudge6 ,s9ce he realiz$ ! int]e/ 9 ^! physiological effects ( radium1 ,pi]re ,curie und]took1 9 collaboration ) physicians1 ! inve/igations to :i* ,i h j ref]r$1 submitt+ animals to ! action ( radium emanation4 ,^! /udies =m$ ! po9t ( dep>ture 9 radium !rapy4 ,! fir/ attempts at treatm5t ) radium 7 made ) products loan$ by ,pi]re ,curie1 & _h z _! object ! cure ( lupus & o!r sk9 lesions4 ,?us radium !rapy1 an important bran* ( m$ic9e1 & frequ5tly designat$ z ,curie!rapie1 0 born 9 ,france1 & 0 develop$ fir/ ?r\gh ! inve/igations ( ,fr5* physicians 7,danlos1 ,oud91 ,wickham1 ,dom9ici1 ,*]on1 ,degrais1 & o!rs74#aa ,9 ! meantime ! great impetus giv5 to ! /udy ( radioactivity abroad l$ to a rapid succession ( new discov]ies4 ,_m sci5ti/s engag$ 9 ! se>* = o!r radio elem5ts1 us+ ! new me?od ( *emical analysis1 ) ! aid ( radiation1 t we _h inaugurat$4 ,?us 7 f\nd ! meso?orium n[ us$ by physicians & manufactur$ indu/rially1 radio-?orium1 ionium1 protoact9ium1 radio-lead1 & o!r sub/ances4 ,at pres5t we "k1 9 all1 ab\t ?irty radio elem5ts 7among :i* ?ree are gases1 or emanations71 b among !m all radium /ill plays ! mo/ important "p1 because ( ! great int5sity ( its radiation1 :i* dim9i%es only extremely sl[ly dur+ ! c\rse ( ye>s4 ,! ye> #aijc 0 especially important 9 ! developm5t ( ! new sci5ce4 ,9 ?is ye> ! inve/igation ( radium1 ! new *emical elem5t1 0 a*iev$1 & ,pi]re ,curie demon/rat$ ! a/oni%+ dis*>ge ( heat by ?is elem5t1 :i* nev]!less rema9$ unalt]$ 9 appe>ance4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,ramsay & ,soddy ann\nc$ a great discov]y4 ,!y prov$ t radium cont9ually produces helium gas & "u conditions t =ce "o to believe 9 an atomic trans=mation4 ,if1 inde$1 radium salt heat$ to its melt+ po9t is conf9$ = "s "t 9 a seal$ glass tube1 entirely empti$ ( air1 "o c1 9 reheat+ x1 make x ?r[ (f a small quantity ( helium1 easy to measure & to recognize f ! "* ( its spectrum4 ,?is fundam5tal exp]im5t has receiv$ num]\s confirmations4 ,x furni%$ u ! fir/ example ( a trans=mation ( atoms1 indep5d5t1 x is true1 ( our w1 b at ! same "t x r$uces to no?+ ! !ory ( ! absolute fixity ( ! atomic edifice4 ,all ^! facts1 along ) o!rs =m]ly kn[n1 7 made ! object ( a syn!sis ( ! highe/ value1 9 a "w by ,e4 ,ru!r=d & ,f4 ,soddy1 :o propos$ a !ory ( radioactive trans=mations1 to-day univ]sally adopt$4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ea* radio elem5t1 ev5 :5 x appe>s un*ang$1 is und]go+ a spontane\s trans=mation1 & ! m rapid ! trans=mation1 ! m int5se is ! radiation4#ab ,a radioactive atom c trans=m itself 9 two ways3 x c expel f itself an atom ( helium1 :i*1 ?r[n (f at an enorm\s spe$ & ) a positive *>ge1 con/itutes an ,alpha ray4 ,or1 in/ead1 x c deta* f its /ructure a mu* small] fragm5t1 "o ( ^? electrons to :i* we h become accu/om$ 9 mod]n physics1 & ^: mass1 #ahjj times small] ?an t ( an atom ( hydrog5 :5 its spe$ is mod]ate1 gr[s excessively :5 its spe$ approa*es t ( light4 ,^! electrons1 :i* c>ry a negative *>ge1 =m ! ,beta rays4 ,:atev] ! deta*$ fragm5t1 ! residual atom no long] resembles ! primitive atom4 ,?us :5 ! atom ( radium has expell$ an atom ( helium1 ! residue is an atom ( gase\s emanation4 ,?is residue *anges 9 its turn1 & ! process is n arre/$ until ! atta9m5t ( a la/ residue :i* is /able & does n give (f any radiation4 ,?is /able matt] is inactive matt]4 ,?us ! ,alpha & ,beta rays result f ! fragm5tation ( atoms4 ,gamma-rays are a radiation analog\s to light1 :i* accompanies ! cataclysm ( ! atomic trans=mation4 ,!y are v p5etrat+1 & are ! ones mo/ us$ 9 ! !rapeutic me?ods s f> develop$4#ac ,we c see 9 all ?is t radio elem5ts =m families1 9 :i* ea* memb] d]ives f a prec$+ memb] by direct desc5t ! prim>y elem5ts be+ uranium & ?orium4 ,we c 9 p>ticul> prove t radium is a desc5dant ( uranium1 & t polonium is a desc5dant ( radium4 ,s9ce ea* radio elem5t1 at ! same "t t x is =m$ by ! "m sub/ance1 de/roys itself1 x _c accumulate 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is "m sub/ance beyond a det]m9$ proportion1 :i* expla9s :y ! relation betwe5 radium & uranium rema9s con/ant 9 ! v anci5t unalt]$ m9]als4 ,! spontane\s de/ruction ( radio elem5ts takes place accord+ to a fundam5tal law1 call$ ! expon5tial law1 accord+ to :i* ! quantity ( ea* radio elem5t dim9i%es by "o-half 9 a "t always ! same1 call$ a p]iod1 ?is "t-p]iod mak+ x possible to det]m9e )\t ambiguity ! elem5t "u consid]ation4 ,^! p]iods1 :i* c be measur$ by div]se me?ods1 v>y greatly4 ,! p]iod ( uranium is sev]al billions ( ye>s2 t ( radium is ab\t #afjj ye>s2 t ( its emanation a little less ?an f\r days2 & !re are among ! foll[+ desc5dants "s ^: p]iod is ! small fraction ( a second4 ,! expon5tial law has a pr(\nd philosophic be>+2 x indicates t ! trans=mation is produc$ accord+ to ! laws ( probability4 ,! causes t det]m9e ! trans=mation are a my/]y to u1 & we d n yet "k if !y d]ive f causal conditions outside ! atom1 or f conditions ( int]nal in/ability4 ,9 _m cases1 up to ! pres5t1 no ext]ior action has %[n itself effective 9 influ5c+ ! trans=mation4 ,?is rapid succession ( discov]ies :i* ov]?rew famili> sci5tific conceptions long held 9 physics & *emi/ry did n fail to meet1 at fir/1 ) d\bts & incr$ulity4 ,b ! great "p ( ! sci5tific _w receiv$ !m ) en?usiasm4 ,at ! same "t ,pi]re ,curie's fame grew 9 ,france & 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,already 9 #aija ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces _h aw>d$ him ! ,lacaze prize4 ,9 #aijb1 ,masc>t1 :o _h _m times giv5 him mo/ valuable aid1 decid$ to propose him z a memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,x 0 n easy = ,pi]re ,curie to agree to ?is1 believ+1 z he did1 t ! ,academy %\ld elect its memb]s )\t ! necessity ( any prelim9>y solicitation or pay+ ( calls4 ,nev]!less1 because ( ! fri5dly insi/5ce ( ,masc>t1 & above all because ! ,physics ,section ( ! ,academy _h already decl>$ itself unanim\sly 9 8 favor1 he pres5t$ himself4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 he fail$ ( election1 & x 0 only 9 #aije t he became a memb] ( ! ,in/itute1 a memb]%ip :i* did n la/ ev5 a ye>4 ,he 0 also elect$ to sev]al academies & sci5tific societies 9 o!r c\ntries1 & giv5 an honor>y doctor's degree by sev]al univ]sities4 ,dur+ #aijc we w5t to ,london at ! invitation ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 be=e :i* my husb& 0 to lecture on radium4 ,on ?is occasion he _h a mo/ en?usia/ic reception4 ,he 0 especially happy to see "h aga9 ,"l ,kelv91 :o _h always express$ an affection = him1 & :o1 despite 8 advanc$ age1 pres]v$ an int]e/1 p]5nially "y1 9 sci5ce4 ,! illu/ri\s sci5ti/ %[$1 ) t\*+ satisfaction1 a glass vial conta9+ a gra9 ( radium salt t ,pi]re ,curie _h giv5 him4 ,we met "h also o!r celebrat$ sci5ti/s1 z ,crookes1 ,ramsay1 & ,j4 ,dew>4 ,9 collaboration ) ! latt]1 ,pi]re ,curie publi%$ inve/igations on ! dis*>ge ( heat by radium at v l[ temp]atures1 & ^u ! =mation ( helium 9 radium salt4 ,a few mon?s lat] ! ,davy m$al 0 conf]r$ ^u him 7& also ^u me7 by ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 & at almo/ ! same "t1 we receiv$1 toge!r ) ,h5ri ,becqu]el1 ! ,nobel prize = physics4 ,our heal? prev5t$ u f att5d+ ! c]emony = ! aw>d+ ( ?is prize 9 ,decemb]1 & x 0 only 9 ,june1 #aije1 t we 7 able to g to ,/ockholm :]e ,pi]re ,curie gave 8 ,nobel lecture4 ,we 7 mo/ cordially receiv$ & _h ! felicity ( see+ ! admirable ,sw$i% nature 9 its mo/ brilliant aspect4 ,! aw>d ( ! ,nobel prize 0 an important ev5t = u because ( ! pre/ige c>ri$ by ! ,nobel f\ndation1 only rec5tly f\nd$ 7#aija74 ,also1 f a f9ancial po9t ( view1 ! half ( ! prize repres5t$ an important sum4 ,x meant t 9 ! future ,pi]re ,curie c\ld turn ov] 8 tea*+ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,physics to ,paul ,langev91 "o ( 8 =m] /ud5ts1 & a physici/ ( great compet5ce4 ,he c\ld also engage a prep>ator to aid him 9 8 "w4 ,b at ! same "t ! publicity ?is v happy ev5t entail$ bore v heavily on a man :o 0 nei!r prep>$ = x1 nor accu/om$ to x4 ,!re foll[$ an avalan*e ( visits1 ( lett]s1 ( dem&s = articles & lectures1 :i* meant a con/ant en]vation1 fatigue1 & loss ( "t4 ,he 0 k9d & did n l to refuse a reque/2 b on ! o!r h&1 he _h to recognize t he c\ld n acc$e to ! solicitations t ov]:elm$ him )\t disa/r\s results to 8 heal?1 z well z to 8 peace ( m9d1 & 8 "w4 ,9 a lett] to ,*4 ,ed4 ,guillaume1 he said3 ,p ask me = articles & lectures1 & aft] a few ye>s are pass$1 ! v p]sons :o make ^! dem&s w be a/oni%$ to see t we h n accompli%$ any "w4 ,& 9 o!r lett]s ( ! same p]iod1 writt5 to ,e4 ,g\y1 he express$ himself z foll[s3 #bj ,m>* #aijb ,z y h se51 =tune favors u at ?is mom5t2 b ^! favors ( =tune d n come )\t _m worries4 ,we h nev] be5 less tranquil ?an at ?is mom5t4 ,!re are days :5 we sc>cely h "t to brea!4 ,& to ?9k t we dream$ ( liv+ 9 ! wild1 q remov$ f human be+s6 #bb ,janu>y #aijd ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d3 ,i h want$ to write to y = a long "t2 excuse me if ,i h n done s4 ,! cause is ! /upid life :i* ,i lead at pres5t4 ,y h se5 ?is sudd5 infatuation = radium1 :i* has result$ = u 9 all ! advantages ( a mom5t ( popul>ity4 ,we h be5 pursu$ by j\rnali/s & photograph]s f all c\ntries ( ! _w2 !y h gone ev5 s f> z to report ! conv]sation betwe5 my daught] & h] nurse1 & to describe ! black-&-:ite cat t lives ) u4444 ,fur!r1 we h _h a great _m appeals = money4444 ,f9ally1 ! collectors ( autographs1 snobs1 society p1 & ev5 at times1 sci5ti/s1 h come to see u--9 our magnific5t & tranquil qu>t]s 9 ! laboratory--& e ev5+ !re has be5 a volum9\s correspond5ce to s5d (f4 ,) su* a /ate ( ?+s ,i feel myself invad$ by a k9d ( /upor4 ,& yet all ?is turmoil w n p]haps h be5 9 va91 if x results 9 my gett+ a *air & a laboratory4 ,to tell ! tru?1 x w be necess>y to create ! *air1 & ,i %all n h ! laboratory at fir/4 ,i %\ld h pref]r$ ! rev]se1 b ,li>d wi%es to take advantage ( ! pres5t mom5t to br+ ab\t ! creation ( a new *air t w lat] be acquir$ = ! univ]sity4 ,!y are to e/abli% a *air )\t a fix$ program1 :i* w be some?+ l a c\rse 9 ! ,collge de ,france1 & ,i believe ,i %all be oblig$ to *ange my subject ea* ye>1 :i* w be a great trial to me4 #ca ,janu>y #aije 444 ,i h _h to give up go+ to ,sw$54 ,we are1 z y see1 mo/ irregul> 9 our relations ) ! ,sw$i% ,academy2 b1 to tell ! tru?1 ,i c only keep up by avoid+ all physical fatigue4 ,& my wife is 9 ! same condition2 we c no long] dream ( ! great "w days ( times gone by4 ,z to rese>*1 ,i am do+ no?+ at pres5t4 ,) my c\rse1 my /ud5ts1 app>atus to in/all1 & ! int]m9able procession ( p :o come to di/urb me )\t s]i\s reason1 ! days pass )\t my hav+ be5 able to a*ieve any?+ useful at ?is end4 #be ,july #aije ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d3 ,we h regrett$ s mu* be+ depriv$ ( y\r visit ?is ye>1 b hope to see y 9 ,octob]4 ,if we d n make an ef=t f "t to "t1 we end by los+ t\* ) our be/ & mo/ cong5ial fri5ds1 & 9 keep+ company ) o!rs = ! simple reason t x is easy to meet !m4 ,we cont9ue to lead ! same life ( p :o are extremely occupi$1 )\t be+ able to accompli% any?+ int]e/+4 ,x is n[ m ?an a ye> s9ce ,i h be5 able to engage 9 any rese>*1 & ,i h no mom5t to myself4 ,cle>ly ,i h n yet discov]$ a means to def5d ourselves aga9/ ?is fritt]+ away ( our "t :i* is nev]!less extremely necess>y4 ,intellectually1 x is a "q ( life or dea?4 #g ,novemb] #aije ,i beg9 my c\rse tomorr[ b "u v bad conditions = ! prep>ation ( my exp]im5ts4 ,! lecture room is at ! ,sorbonne1 & my laboratory is 9 ! rue ,cuvi]4 ,besides1 a great numb] ( o!r c\rses are giv5 9 ! same lecture room1 & ,i c use x only "o morn+ = ! prep>ation ( my own4 ,i am nei!r v well1 nor v ill2 b ,i am easily fatigu$1 & ,i h left b v little capacity = "w4 ,my wife1 on ! contr>y1 leads a v active life1 betwe5 h] *ildr51 ! ,s*ool at ,svres1 & ! laboratory4 ,%e does n lose a m9ute1 & occupies h]self m regul>ly ?an ,i c ) ! direction ( ! laboratory 9 :i* %e passes ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,to sum up3 despite ^! outside complications1 our life1 by a common ef=t ( w1 rema9$ z simple & z retir$ z =m]ly4 ,t[>d ! close ( #aijd our family 0 increas$ by ! bir? ( a second daught]4 ,eve ,d5ise 0 born 9 ! mode/ h\se 9 ,b\lev>d ,kell]mann1 :]e we /ill liv$ ) ,doctor ,curie1 see+ only a few fri5ds4 ,z our eld] daught] grew up1 %e began to be a little companion to h] fa!r1 :o took a lively int]e/ 9 h] education & gladly w5t = walks ) h] 9 8 free times1 especially on 8 vacation days4 ,he c>ri$ on s]i\s conv]sations ) h]1 reply+ to all h] que/ions & delight+ 9 ! progressive developm5t ( h] "y m9d4 ,f _! e>ly age1 8 *ildr5 enjoy$ 8 t5d] affection1 & he nev] we>i$ ( try+ to und]/& ^! little be+s1 9 ord] to be able to give !m ! be/ he _h to give4 ,) 8 great success 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! complete appreciation ( ,pi]re ,curie 9 ,france1 h[ev] t>dily1 did at la/ foll[4 ,at =ty-five he f\nd himself 9 ! fir/ rank ( ,fr5* sci5ti/s & yet1 z a tea*]1 he occupi$ an inf]ior position4 ,?is abnormal /ate ( affairs ar\s$ public op9ion 9 8 favor1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ?is wave ( feel+1 ! director ( ! ,academy ( ,p>is1 ,l4 ,li>d1 ask$ ,p>liam5t to create a new pr(essor%ip 9 ! ,sorbonne1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! academic ye> #aijd-je ,pi]re ,curie 0 nam$ titul> pr(essor ( ! ,faculty ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is4 ,a ye> lat] he def9itely quitt$ ! ,s*ool ( ,physics :]e 8 sub/itute1 ,paul ,langev91 succe$$ him4 ,?is new pr(essor%ip 0 n e/abli%$ )\t a few difficulties4 ,! fir/ project _h provid$ = a new *air1 b n = a laboratory4 ,& ,pi]re ,curie felt t he c\ld n accept a situation :i* involv$ ! risk ( los+ ev5 ! m$iocre means ( "w t he !n _h1 in/ead ( (f]+ bett] ones4 ,he wrote1 !re=e1 to 8 *iefs1 t he _h decid$ to rema9 at ! ,p4,c4,n4 ,8 firmness won ! day4 ,to ! new *air 0 add$ a fund = a laboratory & p]sonnel = ! new "w 7a *ief ( laboratory1 a prep>ator1 & a laboratory boy74 ,! position ( *ief ( laboratory 0 (f]$ to me1 :i* 0 a cause ( v great satisfaction to my husb&4 ,x 0 n )\t regret t we left ! ,s*ool ( ,physics1 :]e we _h kn[n su* happy "w days1 despite _! att5dant difficulties4 ,we _h become p>ticul>ly atta*$ to our hang>1 :i* cont9u$ to /&1 ?\gh 9 a /ate ( increas+ decay1 = sev]al ye>s1 & we w5t to visit x f "t to "t4 ,lat] x _h to be pull$ d[n to make way = a new build+ = ! ,physics ,s*ool1 b we h pres]v$ photographs ( x4 ,w>n$ ( its approa*+ de/ruction by ! fai?ful ,petit1 ,i made my la/ pilgrimage !re1 alas1 alone4 ,on ! blackbo>d !re 0 /ill ! writ+ ( him :o _h be5 ! s\l ( ! place2 ! humble refuge = 8 rese>* 0 all impregnat$ ) 8 memory4 ,! cruel reality seem$ "s bad dream2 ,i almo/ expect$ to see ! tall figure appe>1 & to he> ! s\nd ( ! famili> voice4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,p>liam5t _h vot$ ! creation ( a new *air1 x did n g s f> z to consid] ! simultane\s f\nd+ ( a laboratory :i* 01 nev]!less1 necess>y to ! developm5t ( ! new sci5ce ( radioactivity4 ,pi]re ,curie !re=e kept ! little workroom at ! ,p4,c4,n41 & secur$ z a tempor>y solution ( 8 difficulty ! use ( a l>ge room1 !n n be+ us$ by ! ,p4,c4,n4 ,he arrang$1 too1 to h a little build+ consi/+ ( two rooms & a /udy set up 9 ! c\rt4 ,"o _c help feel+ sorr[ 9 realiz+ t ?is 0 a la/ concession1 & t actually "o ( ! fir/ ,fr5* sci5ti/s nev] _h an adequate laboratory to "w 91 & ?is ev5 ?\gh 8 g5ius _h reveal$ itself z e>ly z 8 tw5tie? ye>4 ,)\t d\bt if he _h liv$ long]1 he w\ld h _h ! b5efit ( satisfactory conditions = 8 "w1 b he 0 /ill depriv$ ( !m at 8 dea? at ! premature age ( =ty-eight4 ,c we fully imag9e ! regret ( an en?usia/ic & dis9t]e/$ work] 9 a great "w1 :o is ret>d$ 9 ! realization ( 8 dream by ! con/ant lack ( means8 ,& c we ?9k )\t a feel+ ( pr(\nd grief ( ! wa/e--! "o irrep>able "o--( ! nation's greate/ asset3 ! g5ius1 ! p[]s1 & ! c\rage ( its be/ *ildr58 ,pi]re ,curie _h always 9 m9d 8 urg5t ne$ = a good laboratory4 ,:51 because ( 8 great reputation1 8 *iefs felt oblig$ to try to induce him1 9 #aijc1 to accept ! decoration ( ! ,lgion d',honneur1 he decl9$ t di/9ction1 rema9+ true to ! op9ion already ref]r$ to 9 a prec$+ *apt]4 ,& ! lett] he wrote on ?is occasion 0 inspir$ by ! same feel+ z t 9 ! "o previ\sly quot$1 :5 he wrote to 8 director to refuse ! palmes acadmiques4 ,i quote an extract3 ,i pray y to ?ank ! ,m9i/]1 & to in=m him t ,i d n 9 ! lea/ feel ! ne$ ( a decoration1 b t ,i d feel ! greate/ ne$ = a laboratory4 ,aft] he 0 nam$ pr(essor at ! ,sorbonne1 ,pi]re ,curie _h to prep>e a new c\rse4 ,! position _h be5 giv5 a v p]sonal "* & a v g5]al scope4 ,he 0 left great fre$om 9 ! *oice ( ! matt] he w\ld pres5t4 ,tak+ advantage ( ?is fre$om he return$ to a subject t 0 de> to him1 & devot$ "p ( 8 lectures to ! laws ( symmetry1 ! /udy ( fields ( vectors & t5sors1 & to ! application ( ^! ideas to ! physics ( cry/als4 ,he int5d$ to c>ry ^! lessons fur!r1 & to "w out a c\rse t w\ld completely cov] ! physics ( cry/alliz$ matt] :i* w\ld h be5 especially useful because ?is subject 0 s little kn[n 9 ,france4 ,8 o!r lessons dealt ) radioactivity1 set =? ! discov]ies made 9 ?is new doma91 & ! revolution !y _h caus$ 9 sci5ce4 ,ev5 ?\gh he 0 v mu* absorb$ 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 c\rse1 & (t5 ill1 my husb& cont9u$1 nev]!less1 to "w 9 ! laboratory1 :i* 0 becom+ bett] & bett] organiz$4 ,he _h a little m space n[1 & c\ld receive a few /ud5ts4 ,9 collaboration ) ,a4 ,laborde1 he c>ri$ on inve/igations 9 m9]al wat]s & gases dis*>g$ f spr+s4 ,?is 0 ! la/ "w he publi%$4 ,8 intellectual faculties 7 at ?is "t at _! height4 ,"o c\ld b admire ! surety & rigor ( 8 reason+ on ! !ories ( physics1 8 cle> compreh5sion ( fundam5tal pr9ciples1 & a c]ta9 pr(\nd s5se ( ph5om5a :i* he _h by in/9ct1 b :i* he p]fect$ dur+ ! c\rse ( a life entirely consecrat$ to rese>* & reflection4 ,8 skill 9 exp]im5t1 rem>kable f ! beg9n+1 0 increas$ by practice4 ,he exp]i5c$ ! pleasure ( an arti/ :5 he succe$$ ) a delicate in/allation4 ,he enjoy$1 too1 devis+ & con/ruct+ new app>atus1 & ,i us$ jok+ly to tell him t he w\ld n be happy unless he made at lea/ an attempt ( ?is k9d once e six mon?s4 ,8 natural curiosity & vivid imag9ation pu%$ him to und]tak+s 9 v v>i$ directions2 he c\ld *ange ! object ( 8 rese>* ) surpris+ ease4 ,he 0 scrupul\sly c>eful ( sci5tific probity & ( complete accuracy 9 8 publications4 ,^! are v p]fect 9 =m1 & none ! less s 9 ^? p>ts :]e he applies ! critical _s to himself1 express+ 8 det]m9ation nev] to affirm any?+ t does n seem entirely cle>4 ,he expresses 8 ?\ght on ?is po9t 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,9 ! /udy ( unkn[n ph5om5a1 "o c make v g5]al hypo!ses & !n advance /ep by /ep ) ! help ( exp]i5ce4 ,?is me?od ( progress is sure b necess>ily sl[4 ,"o c1 on ! contr>y1 make d>+ hypo!ses 9 :i* he specifies ! me*anism ( ph5om5a4 ,su* a me?od ( proc$ure has ! advantage ( sugge/+ c]ta9 exp]im5ts1 &1 above all1 ( facilitat+ reason+ by r5d]+ x less ab/ract ?r\gh ! employm5t ( an image4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 "o _c hope ?us to conceive a complex !ory 9 accord ) exp]im5t4 ,! precise hypo!sis almo/ c]ta9ly includes a portion ( error along ) a portion ( tru?4 ,& ?is la/ portion1 if x exi/s1 =ms only a "p ( a m g5]al proposition to :i* x w be necess>y 9 ! end to return4 ,moreov]1 ev5 ?\gh he nev] hesitat$ to make hypo!ses1 he nev] p]mitt$ _! premature publication4 ,he c\ld nev] accu/om himself to a sy/em ( "w :i* involv$ ha/y publications1 & 0 always happi] 9 a doma9 9 :i* b a few inve/igators 7 quietly work+4 ,! consid]able vogue ( radioactivity made him wi% to ab&on ?is field ( rese>* = a "t1 & to return to 8 int]rupt$ /udies ( ! physics ( cry/als4 ,he dream$ also ( mak+ an exam9ation ( div]se !oretical que/ions4 ,he gave mu* ?\ght to 8 tea*+1 :i* con/antly improv$1 & :i* sugge/$ to him ideas on ! g5]al ori5tation ( /udies & on me?ods ( tea*+1 :i* he believ$ %\ld be bas$ on contact ) exp]i5ce & nature4 ,he hop$ to see 8 views adopt$ by ! ,association ( ,pr(essors z soon z x 0 =m$1 & to obta9 ! decl>ation t ! tea*+ ( ! sci5ces mu/ be ! dom9ant tea*+ ( bo? ! boys' & girls' lyces4 ,b1 he said1 su* a notion w\ld h little *ance ( success4 ,b ?is la/ p]iod ( 8 life1 s fecund1 01 alas1 soon to end4 ,8 admirable sci5tific c>e] 0 to be sudd5ly brok5 at ! v mom5t :5 he c\ld hope t ! ye>s ( "w to come w\ld be less h>d ?an ^? :i* _h prec$$4 ,9 #aijf1 q ill & tir$1 he w5t ) me & ! *ildr5 to sp5d ,ea/] 9 ! ,*evreuse ,valley4 ,^? 7 two sweet days "u a mild sun1 & ,pi]re ,curie felt ! weight ( we>9ess light5 9 a heal+ repose ne> to ^? :o 7 de> to him4 ,he amus$ himself 9 ! mead[s ) 8 little girls1 & talk$ ) me ( _! pres5t & _! future4 ,he return$ to ,p>is = a reunion & d9n] ( ! ,physics ,society4 ,!re he sat beside ,h5ri ,po9c> & _h a long conv]sation ) him on me?ods ( tea*+4 ,z we 7 return+ on foot to our h\se1 he cont9u$ to develop 8 ideas on ! culture t he dream$ (1 happy 9 ! consci\sness t ,i %>$ 8 views4 ,! foll[+ day1 ! #ai? ( ,april1 #aijf1 he att5d$ a reunion ( ! ,association ( ,pr(essors ( ! ,faculties ( ! ,sci5ces1 :]e he talk$ ) !m v cordially ab\t ! aims :i* ! ,association might adopt4 ,z he w5t out f ?is reunion & 0 cross+ ! rue ,dauph9e1 he 0 /ruck by a truck com+ f ! ,pont ,neuf1 & fell "u its :eels4 ,a concussion ( ! bra9 br\ght in/antane\s dea?4 ,s p]i%$ ! hope f\nd$ on ! wond]ful be+ :o ?us ceas$ to he4 ,9 ! /udy room to :i* he 0 nev] to return1 ! wat] butt]cups he _h br\ght f ! c\ntry 7 /ill fre%4 ,footnote #i3 ,dur+ my rec5t visit to ,am]ica1 :]e a gramme ( radium 0 g5]\sly (f]$ me by ,am]ican wom51 ! ,buffalo ,society ( ,natural ,sci5ces pres5t$ me1 z a s\v5ir1 ) a publication review+ ! developm5t ( ! radium indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is includ$ photographic reproductions ( lett]s f ,pi]re ,curie 9 :i* he repli$ 9 z complete a mann] z possible to ! que/ions ask$ by ,am]ican eng9e]s4 7#aijb & #aijc47 ,footnote #aj3 ,! price ( a milligramme ( ! elem5t ( radium 0 !n fix$ at ab\t #gej francs4 ,footnote #aa3 ,^! physicians 7 aid$ by ! manufactur]1 ,armet de ,lisle1 :o plac$ at _! disposition ! radium ne$$ = _! fir/ und]tak+s4 ,he f\nd$1 besides1 9 #aijf1 a laboratory = cl9ical /udy1 provid$ ) a supply ( radium4 ,& he subv5tion$ ! fir/ special publication devot$ to radioactivity & its applications1 z a j\rnal "u ! "n ,radium1 edit$ by ,j4 ,danne4 ,?is is an example ( g5]\s support ( sci5ce by indu/ry1 9 reality /ill v r>e b :i* "o wi%es might become g5]al1 9 ! common int]e/ ( ^! two bran*es ( human activity4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! hypo!sis accord+ to :i* radioactivity is b\nd up ) ! atomic trans=mation ( elem5ts 0 fir/ envisag$ by ,pi]re ,curie & by me1 along ) o!r possible hypo!ses1 be=e x 0 utiliz$ by ,e4 ,ru!r=d4 7,see ,revue ,sci5tifique1 #aijj1 ,mme4 ,curie1 etc47 ,footnote #ac3 ,by us+ ! unusual en]gy ( ,alpha-rays ,e4 ,ru!r=d has obta9$ rec5tly ! rupture ( c]ta9 light atoms1 l ^? ( nitrog54 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,nation',s ,,sorr[4 ,,! ,,laboratories3 ,,sacr$ ,,places ,i %all n attempt to describe ! grief ( ! family left by ,pi]re ,curie4 ,by :at ,i h e>li] said 9 ?is n>rative "o c und]/& :at he meant to 8 fa!r1 8 bro!r1 & 8 wife4 ,he 01 too1 a devot$ fa!r1 t5d] 9 8 love = 8 *ildr51 & happy to occupy himself ) !m4 ,b our daught]s 7 /ill too "y at ?is "t to realize ! calamity t _h befall5 u4 ,_! gr&fa!r & ,i1 unit$ 9 our common suff]+1 did :at we c\ld to see t _! *ildhood %\ld n be too mu* d>k5$ by ! disa/]4 ,! news ( ! cata/rophe caus$ v]itable con/]nation 9 ! sci5tific _w ( ,france1 z well z 9 t ( o!r c\ntries4 ,! heads ( ! univ]sity & ! pr(essors express$ _! emotion 9 lett]s full ( sympa?y1 & a great numb] ( =eign sci5ti/s also s5t lett]s & telegrams4 ,no less deep 0 ! impression produc$ on ! public ) :om ,pi]re ,curie1 despite 8 res]ve1 enjoy$ great r5[n4 ,?is feel+ 0 express$ 9 num]\s private lett]s com+ n only f ^? :om we knew1 b also f p]sons entirely unkn[n to u4 ,at ! same "t ! press pr9t$ articles ( regret1 be>+ ! /amp ( deep s9c]ity4 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t s5t its condol5ces1 & a few rul]s ( =eign c\ntries s5t _! p]sonal expressions ( sympa?y4 ,"o ( ! pure/ glories ( ,france _h be5 ext+ui%$1 & ea* und]/ood t ?is 0 a nation's sorr[4#ad ,fai?ful to ! memory ( him :o _h left u1 we wi%$ a simple int]m5t 9 ! family vault 9 ! little cemet]y at ,sceaux4 ,!re 0 nei!r (ficial c]emony nor address1 & only 8 fri5ds accompani$ him to 8 la/ home4 ,z he ?\ght ( him :o 0 no m1 8 bro!r ,jacques said to me3 ,he _h all ! gifts2 !re 7 n two l him4 ,9 ord] to assure ! cont9uance ( 8 "w1 ! ,faculty ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is paid me ! v great honor ( ask+ me to take ! place t he _h occupi$4 ,i accept$ ?is heavy h]itage1 9 ! hope t ,i might build up "s day1 9 8 memory1 a laboratory wor?y ( him1 :i* he _h nev] _h1 b :]e o!rs w\ld be able to "w to develop 8 idea4 ,?is hope is n[ p>tly realiz$1 ?anks to ! common initiative ( ! ,univ]sity & ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute1 :i* h aim$ at ! creation ( a ,radium ,in/itute1 compos$ ( two laboratories1 ! ,curie & ! ,pa/eur1 de/9$ = ! physico*emical & ! biological /udy ( radium rays4 ,9 t\*+ homage to him :o _h disappe>$ ! new /reet lead+ to ! ,in/itute 0 nam$ rue ,pi]re ,curie4 ,?is ,in/itute is1 h[ev]1 insuffici5t 9 view ( ! consid]able developm5t ( radioactivity & ( its !rapeutic applications4 ,! be/ au?oriz$ p]sons n[ recognize t ,france mu/ possess a ,radium ,in/itute comp>able to ^? ( ,engl& & ,am]ica = ! ,curie!rapie :i* has become an efficaci\s means 9 ! battle aga9/ canc]4 ,x is to be hop$ t ) g5]\s & f>-see+ aid1 we %all h1 9 a few ye>s1 a ,radium ,in/itute complete & enl>g$1 wor?y ( our c\ntry4 ,to honor ! memory ( ,pi]re ,curie1 ! ,fr5* ,society ( ,physics decid$ to issue a complete publication ( 8 works4 ,?is publication1 arrang$ by ,p4 ,langev9 & ,c4 ,*5eveau1 comprises b a s+le volume ( ab\t #fjj pages1 :i* appe>$ 9 #aijh1 & = :i* ,i wrote a preface4 ,?is unique volume1 :i* includes a "w z important z x is v>i$1 is a fai?ful reflection ( ! m5tality ( ! au?or4 ,"o f9ds 9 x a great ri*ness ( ideas & ( exp]im5tal facts lead+ to cle> & well-e/abli%$ results1 b ! exposition is limit$ to ! /rictly necess>y1 & is irreproa*able1 "o might ev5 say classical1 9 =m4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ,pi]re ,curie did n use 8 gifts z sci5ti/ & au?or 9 writ+ ext5d$ memoirs or books4 ,x 0 n ! desire t 0 lack+2 he _h sev]al *]i%$ projects ( ?is nature4 ,b he c\ld nev] put !m into execution because ( ! difficulties ) :i* he _h to /ruggle dur+ all 8 work+ life4 ,& n[1 let u glance at ?is n>rative z a :ole1 9 :i* ,i h attempt$ to evoke ! image ( a man :o1 inflexibly devot$ to ! s]vice ( 8 ideal1 honor$ humanity by an exi/5ce liv$ 9 sil5ce1 9 ! simple gr&eur ( 8 g5ius & 8 "*4 ,he _h ! fai? ( ^? :o op5 new ways4 ,he knew t he _h a high mission to fulfil & ! my/ic dream ( 8 y\? pu%$ him inv9cibly beyond ! usual pa? ( life into a way :i* he call$ anti-natural because x signifi$ ! r5unciation ( ! pleasures ( life4 ,nev]!less1 he resolutely subord9at$ 8 ?\ghts & desires to ?is dream1 adapt+ himself to x & id5tify+ himself ) x m & m completely4 ,believ+ only 9 ! pacific might ( sci5ce & ( reason1 he liv$ = ! se>* ( tru?4 ,)\t prejudice or p>ti pris1 he c>ri$ ! same loyalty into 8 /udy ( ?+s t he us$ 9 8 und]/&+ ( o!r m5 & ( himself4 ,deta*$ f e common passion1 seek+ nei!r supremacy nor honors1 he _h no enemies1 ev5 ?\gh ! ef=t he _h a*iev$ 9 ! control ( himself _h made ( him "o ( ^? elect :om we f9d 9 advance ( _! "t 9 all ! epo*s ( civilization4 ,l !m he 0 able to ex]cise a pr(\nd influ5ce m]ely by ! radiation ( 8 inn] /r5g?4 ,x is useful to le>n h[ mu* sacrifice su* a life repres5ts4 ,! life ( a great sci5ti/ 9 8 laboratory is n1 z _m may ?9k1 a peaceful idyll4 ,m (t5 x is a bitt] battle ) ?+s1 ) "o's surr\nd+s1 & above all ) oneself4 ,a great discov]y does n leap completely a*iev$ f ! bra9 ( ! sci5ti/1 z ,m9]va sprang1 all panopli$1 f ! head ( ,jupit]2 x is ! fruit ( accumulat$ prelim9>y "w4 ,betwe5 ! days ( fecund productivity are ins]t$ days ( unc]ta9ty :5 no?+ seems to succe$1 & :5 ev5 matt] itself seems ho/ile2 & x is !n t "o mu/ hold out aga9/ disc\ragem5t4 ,?us )\t ev] =sak+ 8 inexhau/ible pati5ce1 ,pi]re ,curie us$ sometimes to say to me3 ,x is nev]!less h>d1 ?is life t we h *os54 ,= ! admirable gift ( himself1 & = ! magnific5t s]vice he r5d]s humanity1 :at rew>d does our society (f] ! sci5ti/8 ,h ^! s]vants ( an idea ! necess>y means ( "w8 ,h !y an assur$ exi/5ce1 %elt]$ f c>e8 ,! example ( ,pi]re ,curie1 & ( o!rs1 %[s t !y h none ( ^! ?+s2 & t m (t51 be=e !y c secure possible work+ conditions1 !y h to exhau/ _! y\? & _! p[]s 9 daily anxieties4 ,our society1 9 :i* reigns an eag] desire = ri*es & luxury1 does n und]/& ! value ( sci5ce4 ,x does n realize t sci5ce is a mo/ preci\s "p ( its moral patrimony4 ,nor does x take suffici5t cognizance ( ! fact t sci5ce is at ! base ( all ! progress t light5s ! burd5 ( life & less5s its suff]+4 ,nei!r public p[]s nor private g5]osity actually accord to sci5ce & to sci5ti/s ! support & ! subsidies indisp5sable to fully effective "w4 ,i invoke1 9 clos+1 ! admirable plead+ ( ,pa/eur3 ,if ! conque/s useful = humanity t\* y\r he>t1 if y are ov]:elm$ be=e ! a/oni%+ results ( electric telegraphy1 ( ! dagu]rotype1 ( ane/hesia1 & ( o!r wond]ful discov]ies1 if y are jeal\s ( ! "p y\r c\ntry may claim 9 ! spread+ ( ^! m>vel\s ?+s1 take an int]e/1 ,i beg ( y1 9 ^? sacr$ places to :i* we give ! expressive "n ( laboratories4 ,dem& t !y be multipli$ & ornam5t$1 = ^! are ! temples ( ! future1 ( weal?1 & ( well-be+4 ,x is 9 !m t humanity gr[s1 =tifies itself1 & becomes bett]4 ,!re x may le>n to read 9 ! works ( nature ! /ory ( progress & ( univ]sal h>mony1 ev5 :ile its own creations are too (t5 ^? ( b>b>ism1 fanaticism1 & de/ruction4 ,may ?is tru? be widely spread1 & deeply p5etrate public op9ion1 t ! future may be less h>d = ! pione]s :o mu/ op5 up new doma9s = ! g5]al good ( humanity4 ,extracts f ,publi%$ ,appreciations ,i h *os5 c]ta9 extracts f v>i\s publi%$ appreciations ( ,pi]re ,curie 9 ord] to complete my acc\nt by a few mov+ te/imonies f em95t m5 ( sci5ce4 ,h5ri ,po9c>3 ,curie 0 "o ( ^? on :om ,sci5ce & ,france believ$ !y _h ! "r to c\nt4 ,8 age p]mitt$ f>-rea*+ hopes2 :at he _h already giv5 seem$ a promise1 & we knew t1 liv+1 he w\ld n h fail$4 ,on ! night prec$+ 8 dea? 7p>don ?is p]sonal memory7 ,i sat next to him & he talk$ ) me ( 8 plans & 8 ideas4 ,i admir$ ! fecundity & ! dep? ( 8 ?\ght1 ! new aspect :i* physical ph5om5a took on :5 look$ at ?r\gh t orig9al & lucid m9d4 ,i felt t ,i bett] und]/ood ! gr&eur ( human intellig5ce--& ! foll[+ day1 9 an in/ant1 all 0 annihilat$4 ,a /upid accid5t brutally rem9d$ u h[ little place ?\ght holds 9 ! face ( ! ?\s& bl9d =ces t hurl !mselves across ! _w )\t kn[+ :i!r !y g1 cru%+ all 9 _! passage4 ,8 fri5ds1 8 colleagues und]/ood at once ! import ( ! loss !y suff]$1 b ! grief ext5d$ f> beyond !m4 ,9 =eign c\ntries ! mo/ illu/ri\s sci5ti/s jo9$ 9 try+ to %[ ! e/eem 9 :i* !y held our compatriot1 :ile 9 our own l& !re 0 no ,fr5*man1 h[ev] ignorant1 :o did n feel m or less vaguely :at a =ce 8 nation & humanity _h lo/4 ,curie br\ght to 8 /udy ( physical ph5om5a ,i d n "k :at v f9e s5se :i* made him div9e unsuspect$ analogies1 & made x possible = him to ori5t himself 9 a labyr9? ( complex appe>ances :]e o!rs w\ld h gone a/ray4444 ,true physici/s1 l ,curie1 nei!r look )9 !mselves1 nor on ! surface ( ?+s1 b !y "k h[ to look ?r\gh ?+s4 ,all ^? :o knew him knew _! pleasure & surety 9 8 acqua9tance1 & ! delicate *>m t 0 exhal$1 "o might say1 by 8 g5tle mode/y1 by 8 nave directness1 by ! f95ess ( 8 _s4 ,always ready to efface himself be=e 8 family1 be=e 8 fri5ds1 & ev5 be=e 8 rivals1 he 0 :at "o calls a 'poor c&idate'2 b 9 our democracy c&idates are ! lea/ ?+ we lack4 ,:o w\ld h ?\ght t s mu* g5tl5ess conceal$ an intransigeant s\l8 ,he did n compromise ) ^? g5]al pr9ciples on :i* he 0 n\ri%$1 nor ) ! p>ticul> moral ideal he _h be5 taught to love1 t ideal ( absolute s9c]ity1 too high1 p]haps1 = ! _w 9 :i* we live4 ,he did n "k ! ?\s& little accommodations ) :i* our weakness cont5ts itself4 ,moreov]1 he nev] sep>at$ ! wor%ip ( ?is ideal f :at he r5d]$ to sci5ce1 & he gave u a %9+ example ( ! high conception ( duty t may spr+ f a simple & pure love ( tru?4 ,x matt]s little 9 :at ,god he believ$2 x is n ! ,god1 b fai?1 t p]=ms miracles4 ,in/itut de ,france3 ,writt5 ab\t ,p4 ,curie by ,m4 ,d4 ,g]nez4 ,all = "w1 all = sci5ce3 ?is sums up ! life ( ,pi]re ,curie1 a life s ri* 9 brilliant discov]ies & 9 ! outlook ( g5ius t x won him practically univ]sal admiration4 ,9 ! full maturity ( 8 inve/igations ^: progress he s eag]ly pursu$ 8 "w 0 end$1 to ! con/]nation ( u all1 by a t]rible cata/rophe on ! #ai? ( ,april1 #aijf4444 ,all ^! honors did n dazzle him2 he 0 & he w rema9 a rem>kable figure among ^? :o make ! sci5tific hi/ory ( our epo*4 ,8 contempor>ies f\nd 9 him a preci\s example ( a devotion to sci5ce at once unyield+ & dis9t]e/$4 ,!re h be5 few lives m pure & m ju/ly fam\s4 ,jean ,p]r93 ,pi]re ,curie1 :om all call$ a ma/]1 & :om we _h ! joy to call1 too1 our fri5d1 di$ sudd5ly 9 ! fullness ( 8 p[]s4444 ,we w try to %[ ?r\gh him1 z an example1 :at "p a p[]ful g5ius c return to s9c]ity1 to lib]ty1 to ! /rong & calm audacity ( ?\ght :i* no?+ c en*a9 & no?+ c a/oni%4 ,we ackn[l$ge also all ! greatness ( ! s\l :]e ^! f9e qualities ( intellig5ce & "* 7 unit$ 9 a mo/ noble unselfi%ness & mo/ exquisite goodness4 ,^? :o h kn[n ,pi]re ,curie1 "k t1 ne> him "o felt awak5 ! ne$ to d & to und]/&4 ,we w try to honor 8 memory by spread+ abroad ?is impression1 & we w ask 8 pale & beautiful face = ! secret ( t radiation :i* made all ^? :o approa*$ him bett] m54 ,c4 ,*5eveau3 444 ,9 ord] to realize our irrep>able loss we mu/ rememb] ,curie's atta*m5t to 8 /ud5ts4444 ,"s ( u (f]$ him1 ) reason1 a v]itable wor%ip4444 ,= myself1 he 01 next to my own family1 "o ( ^? ,i lov$ mo/4 ,h[ well he knew h[ to surr\nd 8 simple collaborator ) a great & t5d] affection4 ,8 imm5se k9dness ext5d$ ev5 to 8 mo/ humble help]s1 :o ador$ him4 ,i h nev] se5 m s9c]e & m he>t-break+ te>s ?an ^? %$ by ! laboratory boys on ! news ( 8 sudd5 dea?4 ,paul ,langev93 444 ,! h\rs :5 "o c\ld meet him & 9 :i* "o lov$ to talk ab\t 8 sci5ce & 9 :i* "o ?\ght ) him1 return ea* day to recall 8 memory1 to br+ back 8 k9dly & ?\ghtful face1 8 lum9\s eyes & 8 beautiful1 expressive head model$ by tw5ty-five ye>s pass$ 9 ! laboratory1 & by a life ( unremitt5t "w & complete simplicity4 444 ,x is 9 8 laboratory t my memories1 /ill s rec5t1 mo/ readily br+ him back to me1 z he w\ld appe> to ^? ne> to :om he _h gr[n old]1 sc>cely *ang$ by ! eighte5 ye>s t h pass$ s9ce4 ,timid & (t5 awkw>d1 ,i began "u him my laboratory education4444 ,surr\nd$ by app>atus = ! great] "p conceiv$ or modifi$ by himself1 he manipulat$ x ) extreme dext]ity1 ) ! famili> ge/ures ( ! long :ite h&s ( ! physici/4444 ,he 0 tw5ty-n9e ye>s old :5 ,i ent]$ z a /ud5t4 ,! ma/]y :i* t5 ye>s1 pass$ entirely 9 ! laboratory1 _h giv5 him1 impos$ itself ev5 on u1 despite our ignorance1 by ! surety ( 8 movem5ts & explanations1 & ! ease1 %ad$ by timidity1 ( 8 mann]4 ,we return$ always ) joy to ! laboratory1 :]e x 0 good to "w ne> him because we felt him work+ ne> to u 9 t l>ge1 light room fill$ ) app>atus ^: =ms 7 /ill a little my/]i\s to u4 ,we did n fe> to ent] x (t5 to consult him1 & he sometimes admitt$ u1 too1 to p]=m "s p>ticul>ly delicate manipulation4 ,probably my f9e/ memories ( my s*ool ye>s are ^? ( mom5ts pass$ !re /&+ be=e ! blackbo>d :]e he took pleasure 9 talk+ ) u1 9 awak5+ 9 u fruitful ideas1 & 9 discussions ( rese>* :i* =m$ our ta/e = ! ?+s ( sci5ce4 ,8 live & contagi\s curiosity1 ! fullness & surety ( 8 in=mation made him an admirable awak5] ( spirits4 ,i h wi%$ above all1 9 ga!r+ toge!r "h ^! few memories1 9 a b\quet rev]5tly plac$ ^u 8 tomb1 to help1 if ,i c1 to fix ! image ( a man truly great 9 "* & 9 ?\ght1 ( a wond]ful repres5tative ( ! g5ius ( our race4 ,entirely unfran*is$ f anci5t s]vitudes1 & passionately lov+ reason & cl>ity1 he 0 an example--z is a prophet inspir$ by tru?s ( ! future--( :at may be realiz$ 9 moral beauty & goodness by a free & upright _s1 ( con/ant c\rage1 & ( a m5tal hone/y :i* made him repulse :at he did n und]/&1 & place 8 life 9 accord ) ?is dream4 ,footnote #ad3 ,f ! great numb] ( lett]s & telegrams ( condol5ce1 ,i quote1 z examples1 ^! l9es writt5 by ?ree great sci5ti/s1 today no long] liv+4 ,f ,m4 ,b]!lot3 ,,madame3 ,i d n wi% to wait long] )\t s5d+ y ! sympa!tic expression ( my pr(\nd grief & ( t ( ,fr5* & =eign sci5ti/s on ! occasion ( ! common loss ) y t we h all exp]i5c$4 ,we 7 /ruck z by lightn+ by ! tragic news6 ,s _m s]vices already r5d]$ sci5ce & humanity1 s _m s]vices t we await$ f t g5ial inv5tor3 all ?is vani%$ 9 an in/ant1 or become already b a memory6 ,f ,g4 ,lippmann3 ,,madame3 ,x is :ile travel+1 & v late1 t ,i receive ! t]rible news4 ,i feel z if ,i _h lo/ a bro!r2 ,i did n "k by :at close ties ,i 0 atta*$ to y\r husb&4 ,i "k today4 ,i suff] also = y1 ,madame4 ,believe 9 my s9c]e & respectful devotion4 ,f ,"l ,kelv93 ,griev\sly di/ress$ by t]rible news ( ,curie's dea?4 ,:5 w be fun]al4 ,we arrive ,hotel ,mirabeau tomorr[ morn+4 ,kelv91 ,villa ,/4 ,m>t91 ,cannes4 ,,autobiographical ,,notes ,,m>ie ,,curie ,,*apt] ,i ,i h be5 ask$ by my ,am]ican fri5ds to write ! /ory ( my life4 ,at fir/1 ! idea seem$ ali5 to me1 b ,i yield$ to p]suasion4 ,h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n conceive my biography z a complete expression ( p]sonal feel+s or a detail$ description ( all incid5ts ,i w\ld rememb]4 ,_m ( our feel+s *ange ) ! ye>s1 &1 :5 fad$ away1 may seem altoge!r /range2 incid5ts lose _! mom5t>y int]e/ & may be rememb]$ z if !y h occurr$ to "s o!r p]son4 ,b !re may be 9 a life "s g5]al direction1 "s cont9u\s ?read1 due to a few dom9ant ideas & a few /rong feel+s1 t expla9 ! life & are *>act]i/ic ( a human p]sonality4 ,( my life1 :i* has n be5 easy on ! :ole1 ,i h describ$ ! g5]al c\rse & ! ess5tial features1 & ,i tru/ t my /ory gives an und]/&+ ( ! /ate ( m9d 9 :i* ,i h liv$ & work$4 ,my family is ( ,poli% orig91 & my "n is ,m>ie ,sklod[ska4 ,my fa!r & my "m bo? came f among ! small ,poli% l&$ proprietors4 ,9 my c\ntry ?is class is compos$ ( a l>ge numb] ( families1 own]s ( small & m$ium-siz$ e/ates1 frequ5tly int]relat$4 ,x has be51 until rec5tly1 *iefly f ?is gr\p t ,pol& has drawn h] intellectual recruits4 ,:ile my pat]nal gr&fa!r _h divid$ 8 "t betwe5 agriculture & direct+ a prov9cial college1 my fa!r1 m /rongly drawn to /udy1 foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,petrograd1 & lat] def9itely e/abli%$ himself at ,w>saw z ,pr(essor ( ,physics & ,ma!matics 9 "o ( ! lyceums ( t city4 ,he m>ri$ a "y woman ^: mode ( life 0 cong5ial to 82 =1 al?\gh v "y1 %e _h1 :at 01 = t "t1 a v s]i\s education1 & 0 ! director ( "o ( ! be/ ,w>saw s*ools = "y girls4 ,my fa!r & "m wor%ip$ _! pr(ession 9 ! highe/ degree & h left1 all ov] _! c\ntry1 a la/+ remembrance ) _! pupils4 ,i _c1 ev5 to-day1 g into ,poli% society )\t meet+ p]sons :o h t5d] memories ( my p>5ts4 ,al?\gh my p>5ts adopt$ a univ]sity c>e]1 !y cont9u$ to keep 9 close t\* ) _! num]\s family 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 ) _! relatives t ,i frequ5tly sp5t my vacation1 liv+ 9 all fre$om & f9d+ opportunities to "k ! field life by :i* ,i 0 deeply attract$4 ,to ^! conditions1 s diff]5t f ! usual villegiature1 ,i believe1 ,i owe my love = ! c\ntry & nature4 ,born at ,w>saw1 on ! #g? ( ,novemb]1 #ahfg1 ,i 0 ! la/ ( five *ildr51 b my olde/ si/] di$ at ! e>ly age ( f\rte51 & we 7 left1 ?ree si/]s & a bro!r4 ,cruelly /ruck by ! loss ( h] daught] & worn away by a grave illness1 my "m di$ at =ty-two1 leav+ h] husb& 9 ! deepe/ sorr[ ) 8 *ildr54 ,i 0 !n only n9e ye>s old1 & my elde/ bro!r 0 h>dly ?irte54 ,?is cata/rophe 0 ! fir/ great sorr[ ( my life & ?rew me into a pr(\nd depression4 ,my "m _h an exceptional p]sonality4 ,) all h] intellectuality %e _h a big he>t & a v high s5se ( duty4 ,&1 ?\gh possess+ inf9ite indulg5ce & good nature1 %e /ill held 9 ! family a rem>kable moral au?ority4 ,%e _h an ard5t piety 7my p>5ts 7 bo? ,ca?olics71 b %e 0 nev] intol]ant2 diff]5ces 9 religi\s belief did n tr\ble h]2 %e 0 equally k9d to any "o n %>+ h] op9ions4 ,h] influ5ce ov] me 0 extraord9>y1 = 9 me ! natural love ( ! little girl = h] "m 0 unit$ ) a passionate admiration4 ,v mu* affect$ by ! dea? ( my "m1 my fa!r devot$ himself entirely to 8 "w & to ! c>e ( our education4 ,8 pr(essional obligations 7 heavy & left him little leisure "t4 ,= _m ye>s we all felt weigh+ on u ! loss ( ! "o :o _h be5 ! s\l ( ! h\se4 ,we all />t$ our /udies v "y4 ,i 0 only six ye>s old1 &1 because ,i 0 ! y\nge/ & smalle/ 9 ! class1 0 frequ5tly br\ght =w>d to recite :5 !re 7 visitors4 ,?is 0 a great trial to me1 because ( my timidity2 ,i want$ always to run away & hide4 ,my fa!r1 an excell5t educator1 0 int]e/$ 9 our "w & knew h[ to direct x1 b ! conditions ( our education 7 difficult4 ,we began our /udies 9 private s*ools & f9i%$ !m 9 ^? ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,w>saw 0 !n "u ,russian dom9ation1 & "o ( ! wor/ aspects ( ?is control 0 ! oppression ex]t$ on ! s*ool & ! *ild4 ,! private s*ools direct$ by ,poles 7 closely wat*$ by ! police & ov]burd5$ ) ! necessity ( tea*+ ! ,russian language ev5 to *ildr5 s "y t !y c\ld sc>cely speak _! native ,poli%4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ! tea*]s 7 ne>ly all ( ,poli% nationality1 !y endeavor$ 9 e possible way to mitigate ! difficulties result+ f ! national p]secution4 ,^! s*ools1 h[ev]1 c\ld n legally give diplomas1 :i* 7 obta9able only 9 ^? ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! latt]1 entirely ,russian1 7 directly oppos$ to ! ,poli% national _s4 ,all in/ruction 0 giv5 9 ,russian1 by ,russian pr(essors1 :o1 be+ ho/ile to ! ,poli% nation1 treat$ _! pupils z enemies4 ,m5 ( moral & intellectual di/9ction c\ld sc>cely agree to tea* 9 s*ools :]e an ali5 attitude 0 =c$ ^u !m4 ,s :at ! pupils 7 taught 0 ( que/ionable value1 & ! moral atmosph]e 0 altoge!r unbe>able4 ,con/antly held 9 suspicion & spi$ ^u1 ! *ildr5 knew t a s+le conv]sation 9 ,poli%1 or an imprud5t ^w1 might s]i\sly h>m1 n only !mselves1 b also _! families4 ,amid/ ^! ho/ilities1 !y lo/ all ! joy ( life1 & precoci\s feel+s ( di/ru/ & indignation weigh$ ^u _! *ildhood4 ,on ! o!r side1 ?is abnormal situation result$ 9 excit+ ! patriotic feel+ ( ,poli% y\?s to ! highe/ degree4 ,yet ( ?is p]iod ( my e>ly y\?1 d>k5$ ?\gh x 0 by m\rn+ & ! sorr[ ( oppression1 ,i /ill keep m ?an "o pleasant remembrance4 ,9 our quiet b occupi$ life1 reunions ( relatives & fri5ds ( our family br\ght "s joy4 ,my fa!r 0 v int]e/$ 9 lit]ature & well acqua9t$ ) ,poli% & =eign poetry2 he ev5 compos$ poetry himself & 0 able to translate x f =eign languages into ,poli% 9 a v successful way4 ,8 little poems on family ev5ts 7 our delight4 ,on ,saturday ev5+s he us$ to recite or read to u ! ma/]pieces ( ,poli% prose & poetry4 ,^! ev5+s 7 = u a great pleasure & a s\rce ( r5ew$ patriotic feel+s4 ,s9ce my *ildhood ,i h _h a /rong ta/e = poetry1 & ,i will+ly le>n$ by he>t long passages f our great poets1 ! favorite ones be+ ,mickiewecz1 ,kras9ski & ,sl[acki4 ,?is ta/e 0 ev5 m develop$ :5 ,i became acqua9t$ ) =eign lit]atures2 my e>ly /udies includ$ ! k ( ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,russian1 & ,i soon became famili> ) ! f9e works writt5 9 ^! languages4 ,lat] ,i felt ! ne$ ( kn[+ ,engli% & succe$$ 9 acquir+ ! k ( t language & its lit]ature4 ,my musical /udies h be5 v sc>ce4 ,my "m 0 a musician & _h a beautiful voice4 ,%e want$ u to h musical tra9+4 ,aft] h] dea?1 hav+ no m enc\ragem5t f h]1 ,i soon ab&on$ ?is ef=t1 :i* ,i (t5 regrett$ aft]w>ds4 ,i le>n$ easily ma!matics & physics1 z f> z ^! sci5ces 7 tak5 9 consid]ation 9 ! s*ool4 ,i f\nd 9 ?is ready help f my fa!r1 :o lov$ sci5ce & _h to tea* x himself4 ,he enjoy$ any explanation he c\ld give u ab\t ,nature & h] ways4 ,unhappily1 he _h no laboratory & c\ld n p]=m exp]im5ts4 ,! p]iods ( vacations 7 p>ticul>ly com=t+1 :51 escap+ ! /rict wat* ( ! police 9 ! city1 we took refuge ) relatives or fri5ds 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re we f\nd ! free life ( ! old-fa%ion$ family e/ate2 races 9 ! woods & joy\s p>ticipation 9 "w 9 ! f>-/ret*+1 level gra9-fields4 ,at o!r times we pass$ ! bord] ( our ,russian-rul$ division 7,congress ,pol&7 & w5t s\?w>ds into ! m\nta9 c\ntry ( ,galicia1 :]e ! ,au/rian political control 0 less oppressive ?an t :i* we suff]$4 ,!re we c\ld speak ,poli% 9 all fre$om & s+ patriotic songs )\t go+ to prison4 ,my fir/ impression ( ! m\nta9s 0 v vivid1 because ,i _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! pla9s4 ,s ,i enjoy$ imm5sely our life 9 ! ,c>pa?ian villages1 ! view ( ! pikes1 ! excursions to ! valleys & to ! high m\nta9 lakes ) picturesque names su* z3 ,! ,eye ( ! ,sea4 ,h[ev]1 ,i nev] lo/ my atta*m5t to ! op5 horizon & ! g5tle views ( a pla9 hill c\ntry4 ,lat] ,i _h ! opportunity to sp5d a vacation ) my fa!r f> m s\? 9 ,podolia1 & to h ! fir/ view ( ! sea at ,odessa1 & aft]w>ds at ! ,baltic %ore4 ,?is 0 a ?rill+ exp]i5ce4 ,b x 0 9 ,france t ,i become acqua9t$ ) ! big waves ( ! ocean & ! ev]-*ang+ tide4 ,all my life ?r\gh1 ! new sights ( ,nature made me rejoice l a *ild4 ,?us pass$ ! p]iod ( our s*ool life4 ,we all _h mu* facility = intellectual "w4 ,my bro!r1 ,doctor ,sklod[ski1 hav+ f9i%$ 8 m$ical /udies1 became lat] ! *ief physician 9 "o ( ! pr9cipal ,w>saw hospitals4 ,my si/]s & ,i int5d$ to take up tea*+ z our p>5ts _h done4 ,h[ev]1 my eld] si/]1 :5 gr[n up1 *ang$ h] m9d & decid$ to /udy m$ic9e4 ,%e took ! degree ( doctor at ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 m>ri$ ,doctor ,dluski1 a ,poli% physician1 & toge!r !y e/abli%$ an important sanatorium 9 a wond]fully beautiful ,c>pa?ian m\nta9 place ( ,au/rian ,pol&4 ,my second si/]1 m>ri$ 9 ,w>saw1 ,mrs4 ,szalay1 0 = _m ye>s a tea*] 9 ! s*ools1 :]e %e r5d]$ great s]vice4 ,lat] %e 0 appo9t$ 9 "o ( ! lyceums ( free ,pol&4 ,i 0 b fifte5 :5 ,i f9i%$ my high-s*ool /udies1 always hav+ held fir/ rank 9 my class4 ,! fatigue ( gr[? & /udy compell$ me to take almo/ a ye>'s re/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i !n return$ to my fa!r 9 ,w>saw1 hop+ to tea* 9 ! free s*ools4 ,b family circum/ances oblig$ me to *ange my decision4 ,my fa!r1 n[ ag$ & tir$1 ne$$ re/2 8 =tune 0 v mode/4 ,s ,i resolv$ to accept a position z gov]ness = sev]al *ildr54 ,?us1 :5 sc>cely sev5te51 ,i left my fa!r's h\se to beg9 an indep5d5t life4 ,t go+ away rema9s "o ( ! mo/ vivid memories ( my y\?4 ,my he>t 0 heavy z ,i climb$ into ! railway c>4 ,x 0 to c>ry me = sev]al h\rs1 away f ^? ,i lov$4 ,& aft] ! railway j\rney ,i mu/ drive = five h\rs long]4 ,:at exp]i5ce 0 await+ me8 ,s ,i que/ion$ z ,i sat close to ! c> w9d[ look+ out across ! wide pla9s4 ,! fa!r ( ! family to :i* ,i w5t 0 an agriculturi/4 ,8 olde/ daught] 0 ab\t my age1 & al?\gh work+ ) me1 0 my companion r ?an my pupil4 ,!re 7 two y\ng] *ildr51 a boy & a girl4 ,my relations ) my pupils 7 fri5dly2 aft] our lessons we w5t toge!r = daily walks4 ,lov+ ! c\ntry1 ,i did n feel lonesome1 & al?\gh ?is p>ticul> c\ntry 0 n especially picturesque1 ,i 0 satisfi$ ) x 9 all seasons4 ,i took ! greate/ int]e/ 9 ! agricultural developm5t ( ! e/ate :]e ! me?ods 7 consid]$ z models = ! region4 ,i knew ! progressive details ( ! "w1 ! di/ribution ( crops 9 ! fields2 ,i eag]ly foll[$ ! gr[? ( ! plants1 & 9 ! /ables ( ! f>m ,i knew ! horses4 ,9 w9t] ! va/ pla9s1 cov]$ ) sn[1 7 n lack+ 9 *>m1 & we w5t = long sleigh rides4 ,sometimes we c\ld h>dly see ! road4 ,look out = ! dit*6 ,i w\ld call to ! driv]4 ,y are go+ /raight into x1 & ,nev] fe>6 he w\ld answ]1 z ov] we w5t6 ,b ^! tumbles only add$ to ! gayety ( our excursions4 ,i rememb] ! m>vel\s sn[ h\se we made "o w9t] :5 ! sn[ 0 v high 9 ! fields2 we c\ld sit 9 x & look out across ! rose-t9t$ sn[ pla9s4 ,we also us$ to skate on ! ice ( ! riv] & to wat* ! wea!r anxi\sly1 to make sure t ! ice 0 n go+ to give way1 depriv+ u ( our pleasure4 ,s9ce my duties ) my pupils did n take up all my "t1 ,i organiz$ a small class = ! *ildr5 ( ! village :o c\ld n be educat$ "u ! ,russian gov]nm5t4 ,9 ?is ! olde/ daught] ( ! h\se aid$ me4 ,we taught ! little *ildr5 & ! girls :o wi%$ to come h[ to read & write1 & we put 9 circulation ,poli% books :i* 7 appreciat$1 too1 by ! p>5ts4 ,ev5 ?is innoc5t "w pres5t$ dang]1 z all initiative ( ?is k9d 0 =bidd5 by ! gov]nm5t & might br+ imprisonm5t or deportation to ,sib]ia4 ,my ev5+s ,i g5]ally devot$ to /udy4 ,i _h he>d t a few wom5 _h succe$$ 9 foll[+ c]ta9 c\rses 9 ,petrograd or 9 =eign c\ntries1 & ,i 0 det]m9$ to prep>e myself by prelim9>y "w to foll[ _! example4 ,i _h n yet decid$ :at pa? ,i w\ld *oose4 ,i 0 z mu* int]e/$ 9 lit]ature & sociology z 9 sci5ce4 ,h[ev]1 dur+ ^! ye>s ( isolat$ "w1 try+ little by little to f9d my real pref]5ces1 ,i f9ally turn$ t[>ds ma!matics & physics1 & resolutely und]took a s]i\s prep>ation = future "w4 ,?is "w ,i propos$ do+ 9 ,p>is1 & ,i hop$ to save en\gh money to be able to live & "w 9 t city = "s "t4 ,my solit>y /udy 0 beset ) difficulties4 ,! sci5tific education ,i _h receiv$ at ! lyceum 0 v incomplete2 x 0 well "u ! ba*elor%ip program ( a ,fr5* lyceum2 ,i tri$ to add to x 9 my own way1 ) ! help ( books pick$ up at r&om4 ,?is me?od c\ld n be greatly productive1 yet x 0 n )\t results4 ,i acquir$ ! habit ( indep5d5t "w1 & le>n$ a few ?+s :i* 7 to be ( use lat] on4 ,i _h to modify my plans = ! future :5 my elde/ si/] decid$ to g to ,p>is to /udy m$ic9e4 ,we _h promis$ ea* o!r mutual aid1 b our means did n p]mit ( our leav+ toge!r4 ,s ,i kept my position = ?ree & a half ye>s1 &1 hav+ f9i%$ my "w ) my pupils1 ,i return$ to ,w>saw1 :]e a position1 simil> to ! "o ,i _h left1 0 await+ me4 ,i kept ?is new place = only a ye> & !n w5t back to my fa!r1 :o _h retir$ "s "t be=e & 0 liv+ alone4 ,toge!r we pass$ an excell5t ye>1 he occupy+ himself ) "s lit]>y "w1 :ile ,i increas$ our funds by giv+ private lessons4 ,meantime ,i cont9u$ my ef=ts to educate myself4 ,?is 0 no easy task "u ! ,russian gov]nm5t ( ,w>saw2 yet ,i f\nd m opportunities ?an 9 ! c\ntry4 ,to my great joy1 ,i 0 able1 = ! fir/ "t 9 my life1 to f9d access to a laboratory3 a small municipal physical laboratory direct$ by "o ( my c\s9s4 ,i f\nd little "t to "w !re1 except 9 ! ev5+s & on ,sundays1 & 0 g5]ally left to myself4 ,i tri$ out v>i\s exp]im5ts describ$ 9 treatises on physics & *emi/ry1 & ! results 7 sometimes unexpect$4 ,at times ,i w\ld be enc\rag$ by a little unhop$-= success1 at o!rs ,i w\ld be 9 ! deepe/ despair because ( accid5ts & failures result+ f my inexp]i5ce4 ,b on ! :ole1 ?\gh ,i 0 taught t ! way ( progress is nei!r swift nor easy1 ?is fir/ trial confirm$ 9 me ! ta/e = exp]im5tal rese>* 9 ! fields ( physics & *emi/ry4 ,o!r means ( in/ruction came to me ?r\gh my be+ "o ( an en?usia/ic gr\p ( "y m5 & wom5 ( ,w>saw1 :o unit$ 9 a common desire to /udy1 & ^: activities 7 at ! same "t social & patriotic4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? gr\ps ( ,poli% y\?s :o believ$ t ! hope ( _! c\ntry lay 9 a great ef=t to develop ! intellectual & moral /r5g? ( ! nation1 & t su* an ef=t w\ld lead to a bett] national situation4 ,! ne>e/ purpose 0 to "w at "o's own in/ruction & to provide means ( in/ruction = workm5 & peasants4 ,9 accordance ) ?is program we agre$ among ourselves to give ev5+ c\rses1 ea* "o tea*+ :at he knew be/4 ,!re is no ne$ to say t ?is 0 a secret organization1 :i* made ev]y?+ extremely difficult4 ,!re 7 9 our gr\p v devot$ "y p :o1 z ,i /ill believe today1 c\ld d truly useful "w4 ,i h a bright remembrance ( ! sympa!tic intellectual & social companion%ip :i* ,i enjoy$ at t "t4 ,truly ! means ( action 7 poor & ! results obta9$ c\ld n be consid]able2 yet ,i /ill believe t ! ideas :i* inspir$ u !n are ! only way to real social progress4 ,y _c hope to build a bett] _w )\t improv+ ! individuals4 ,to t end ea* ( u mu/ "w = 8 own improvem5t1 & at ! same "t %>e a g5]al responsibility = all humanity1 our p>ticul> duty be+ to aid ^? to :om we ?9k we c be mo/ useful4 ,all ! exp]i5ces ( ?is p]iod int5sifi$ my long+ = fur!r /udy4 ,&1 9 8 affection = me1 my fa!r1 9 spite ( limit$ res\rces1 help$ me to ha/5 ! execution ( my e>ly project4 ,my si/] _h j m>ri$ at ,p>is1 & x 0 decid$ t ,i %\ld g !re to live ) h]4 ,my fa!r & ,i hop$ t1 once my /udies 7 f9i%$1 we w\ld aga9 live happily toge!r4 ,fate 0 to decide o!rwise1 s9ce my m>riage 0 to hold me 9 ,france4 ,my fa!r1 :o 9 8 own y\? _h wi%$ to d sci5tific "w1 0 consol$ 9 our sep>ation by ! progressive success ( my "w4 ,i keep a t5d] memory ( 8 k9dness & dis9t]e/$ness4 ,he liv$ ) ! family ( my m>ri$ bro!r1 &1 l an excell5t gr&fa!r1 br\ght up ! *ildr54 ,we _h ! sorr[ ( los+ him 9 #aijb1 :5 he _h j pass$ sev5ty4 ,s x 0 9 ,novemb]1 #ahia1 at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r1 t ,i 0 able to realize ! dream t _h be5 always pres5t 9 my m9d = sev]al ye>s4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ 9 ,p>is ,i 0 affectionately welcom$ by my si/] & bro!r-9-law1 b ,i /ay$ ) !m only = a few mon?s1 = !y liv$ 9 "o ( ! outside qu>t]s ( ,p>is :]e my bro!r-9-law 0 beg9n+ a m$ical practice1 & ,i ne$$ to get ne>] to ! s*ools4 ,i 0 f9ally in/all$1 l _m o!r /ud5ts ( my c\ntry1 9 a mode/ little room = :i* ,i ga!r$ "s furniture4 ,i kept to ?is way ( liv+ dur+ ! f\r ye>s ( my /ud5t life4 ,x w\ld be impossible to tell ( all ! good ^! ye>s br\ght to me4 ,undi/ract$ by any outside occupation1 ,i 0 entirely absorb$ 9 ! joy ( le>n+ & und]/&+4 ,yet1 all ! :ile1 my liv+ conditions 7 f> f easy1 my own funds be+ small & my family n hav+ ! means to aid me z !y w\ld h lik$ to d4 ,h[ev]1 my situation 0 n exceptional2 x 0 ! famili> exp]i5ce ( _m ( ! ,poli% /ud5ts :om ,i knew4 ,! room ,i liv$ 9 0 9 a g>ret1 v cold 9 w9t]1 = x 0 insuffici5tly heat$ by a small /ove :i* (t5 lack$ coal4 ,dur+ a p>ticul>ly rigor\s w9t]1 x 0 n unusual = ! wat] to freeze 9 ! bas9 9 ! night2 to be able to sleep ,i 0 oblig$ to pile all my clo!s on ! b$cov]s4 ,9 ! same room ,i prep>$ my meals ) ! aid ( an alcohol lamp & a few kit*5 ut5sils4 ,^! meals 7 (t5 r$uc$ to bread ) a cup ( *ocolate1 eggs or fruit4 ,i _h no help 9 h\sekeep+ & ,i myself c>ri$ ! little coal ,i us$ up ! six flights4 ,?is life1 pa9ful f c]ta9 po9ts ( view1 _h1 = all t1 a real *>m = me4 ,x gave me a v preci\s s5se ( lib]ty & indep5d5ce4 ,unkn[n 9 ,p>is1 ,i 0 lo/ 9 ! great city1 b ! feel+ ( liv+ !re alone1 tak+ c>e ( myself )\t any aid1 did n at all depress me4 ,if sometimes ,i felt lonesome1 my usual /ate ( m9d 0 "o ( calm & great moral satisfaction4 ,all my m9d 0 c5t]$ on my /udies1 :i*1 especially at ! beg9n+1 7 difficult4 ,9 fact1 ,i 0 insuffici5tly prep>$ to foll[ ! physical sci5ce c\rse at ! ,sorbonne1 =1 despite all my ef=ts1 ,i _h n succe$$ 9 acquir+ 9 ,pol& a prep>ation z complete z t ( ! ,fr5* /ud5ts foll[+ ! same c\rse4 ,s ,i 0 oblig$ to supply ?is defici5cy1 especially 9 ma!matics4 ,i divid$ my "t betwe5 c\rses1 exp]im5tal "w1 & /udy 9 ! libr>y4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i work$ 9 my room1 sometimes v late into ! night4 ,all t ,i saw & le>n$ t 0 new delight$ me4 ,x 0 l a new _w op5$ to me1 ! _w ( sci5ce1 :i* ,i 0 at la/ p]mitt$ to "k 9 all lib]ty4 ,i h pleasant memories ( my relations ) my /ud5t companions4 ,res]v$ & %y at ! beg9n+1 x 0 n long be=e ,i notic$ t ! /ud5ts1 ne>ly all ( :om work$ s]i\sly1 7 dispos$ to be fri5dly4 ,our conv]sations ab\t our /udies deep5$ our int]e/ 9 ! problems we discuss$4 ,among ! ,poli% /ud5ts ,i did n h any companions 9 my /udies4 ,nev]!less1 my relations ) _! small colony _h a c]ta9 intimacy4 ,f "t to "t we w\ld ga!r 9 "o ano!r's b>e rooms1 :]e we c\ld talk ov] national que/ions & feel less isolat$4 ,we w\ld also g = walks toge!r1 or att5d public reunions1 = we 7 all int]e/$ 9 politics4 ,by ! end ( ! fir/ ye>1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 =c$ to give up ^! relation%ips1 = ,i f\nd t all my en]gy _h to be conc5trat$ on my /udies1 9 ord] to a*ieve !m z soon z possible4 ,i 0 ev5 oblig$ to devote mo/ ( my vacation "t to ma!matics4 ,my p]si/5t ef=ts 7 n 9 va94 ,i 0 able to make up = ! defici5cy ( my tra9+ & to pass exam9ations at ! same "t ) ! o!r /ud5ts4 ,i ev5 _h ! satisfaction ( graduat+ 9 fir/ rank z lic5cie es sci5ces physiques 9 #ahic1 & 9 second rank z lic5cie es sci5ces ma?matiques 9 #ahid4 ,my bro!r-9-law1 recall+ lat] ^! ye>s ( "w "u ! conditions ,i h j describ$1 jok+ly ref]r$ to !m z ! h]oic p]iod ( my si/]-9-law's life4 ,= myself1 ,i %all always consid] "o ( ! be/ memories ( my life t p]iod ( solit>y ye>s exclusively devot$ to ! /udies1 f9ally )9 my rea*1 = :i* ,i _h wait$ s long4 ,x 0 9 #ahid t ,i fir/ met ,pi]re ,curie4 ,"o ( my compatriots1 a pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,frib\rg1 hav+ call$ ^u me1 invit$ me to 8 home1 ) a "y physici/ ( ,p>is1 :om he knew & e/eem$ highly4 ,^u ent]+ ! room ,i p]ceiv$1 /&+ fram$ by ! ,fr5* w9d[ op5+ on ! balcony1 a tall "y man ) auburn hair & l>ge1 limpid eyes4 ,i notic$ ! grave & g5tle expression ( 8 face1 z well z a c]ta9 ab&on 9 8 attitude1 sugge/+ ! dream] absorb$ 9 8 reflections4 ,he %[$ me a simple cordiality & seem$ to me v sympa!tic4 ,aft] t fir/ int]view he express$ ! desire to see me aga9 & to cont9ue our conv]sation ( t ev5+ on sci5tific & social subjects 9 :i* he & ,i 7 bo? int]e/$1 & on :i* we seem$ to h simil> op9ions4 ,"s "t lat]1 he came to me 9 my /ud5t room & we became good fri5ds4 ,he describ$ to me 8 days1 fill$ ) "w1 & 8 dream ( an exi/5ce entirely devot$ to sci5ce4 ,he 0 n long 9 ask+ me to %>e t exi/5ce1 b ,i c\ld n decide at once2 ,i hesitat$ be=e a decision t meant ab&on+ my c\ntry & my family4 ,i w5t back to ,pol& = my vacation1 )\t kn[+ :e!r or n ,i 0 to return to ,p>is4 ,b circum/ances p]mitt$ me aga9 to take up my "w !re 9 ! autumn ( t ye>4 ,i ent]$ "o ( ! physics laboratories at ! ,sorbonne1 to beg9 exp]im5tal rese>* 9 prep>ation = my doctor's !sis4 ,aga9 ,i saw ,pi]re ,curie4 ,our "w drew u clos] & clos]1 until we 7 bo? conv9c$ t nei!r ( u c\ld f9d a bett] life companion4 ,s our m>riage 0 decid$ ^u & took place a little lat]1 9 ,july1 #ahie4 ,pi]re ,curie _h j receiv$ 8 doctor's degree & _h be5 made pr(essor 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry ( ! ,city ( ,p>is4 ,he 0 ?irty-six ye>s old1 & already a physici/ kn[n & appreciat$ 9 ,france & abroad4 ,solely preoccupi$ ) sci5tific inve/igation1 he _h paid little att5tion to 8 c>e]1 & 8 mat]ial res\rces 7 v mode/4 ,he liv$ at ,sceaux1 9 ! suburbs ( ,p>is1 ) 8 old p>5ts1 :om he lov$ t5d]ly1 & :om he describ$ z exquisite ! fir/ "t he spoke to me ab\t !m4 ,9 fact1 !y 7 s3 ! fa!r 0 an eld]ly physician ( high intellect & /rong "*1 & ! "m ! mo/ excell5t ( wom51 entirely devot$ to h] husb& & h] sons4 ,pi]re's eld] bro!r1 :o 0 !n pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,montpelli]1 0 always 8 be/ fri5d4 ,s ,i _h ! privilege ( ent]+ into a family wor?y ( affection & e/eem1 & :]e ,i f\nd ! w>me/ welcome4 ,we 7 m>ri$ 9 ! simple/ way4 ,i wore no unusual dress on my m>riage day1 & only a few fri5ds 7 pres5t at ! c]emony1 b ,i _h ! joy ( hav+ my fa!r & my second si/] come f ,pol&4 ,we did n c>e = m ?an a quiet place 9 :i* to live & to "w1 & 7 happy to f9d a little ap>tm5t ( ?ree rooms ) a beautiful view ( a g>d54 ,a few pieces ( furniture came to u f our p>5ts4 ,) a money gift f a relative we acquir$ two bicycles to take u out into ! c\ntry4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,) my m>riage !re began = me a new exi/5ce entirely diff]5t f ! solit>y life t ,i _h kn[n dur+ ! prec$+ ye>s4 ,my husb& & ,i 7 s closely unit$ by our affection & our common "w t we pass$ ne>ly all ( our "t toge!r4 ,i h only a few lett]s f him1 = we 7 s little ap>t4 ,my husb& sp5t all ! "t he c\ld sp>e f 8 tea*+ at 8 rese>* "w 9 ! laboratory ( ! s*ool 9 :i* he 0 pr(essor & ,i obta9$ au?orization to "w ) him4 ,our liv+ ap>tm5t 0 ne> ! s*ool1 s we lo/ little "t 9 go+ & com+4 ,z our mat]ial res\rces 7 limit$1 ,i 0 oblig$ to att5d to mo/ ( ! h\sekeep+ myself1 p>ticul>ly ! prep>ation ( meals4 ,x 0 n easy to reconcile ^! h\sehold duties ) my sci5tific "w1 yet1 ) good w1 ,i manag$ x4 ,! great ?+ 0 t we 7 alone toge!r 9 ! little home :i* gave u a peace & intimacy t 7 v enjoyable = u4 ,at ! same "t t ,i 0 work+ 9 ! laboratory1 ,i /ill _h to take a few /udy c\rses1 = ,i _h decid$ to take "p 9 ! exam9ation = a c]tificate t w\ld all[ me to tea* "y girls4 ,if ,i succe$$ 9 ?is1 ,i w\ld be entitl$ to be nam$ pr(essor4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahif1 aft] hav+ devot$ sev]al mon?s to prep>ation1 ,i came out fir/ 9 ! exam9ation4 ,our pr9cipal di/raction f ! close "w ( ! laboratory consi/$ 9 walks or bicycle rides 9 ! c\ntry4 ,my husb& greatly enjoy$ ! out-(-doors & took great int]e/ 9 ! plants & animals ( woods & mead[s4 ,h>dly a corn] 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p>is 0 unkn[n to him4 ,i also lov$ ! c\ntry & ^! excursions 7 a great joy = me z well z to him1 reliev+ our m9d f ! t5sion ( ! sci5tific "w4 ,we us$ to br+ home bun*es ( fl[]s4 ,sometimes we =got all ab\t ! "t & got back late at night4 ,we visit$ regul>ly my husb&'s p>5ts :]e our room 0 always ready4 ,9 ! vacation we w5t on long] out+s by means ( our bicycles4 ,9 ?is way we cov]$ mu* gr\nd 9 ,auv]gne & 9 ! ,cev5nes & visit$ sev]al regions at ! sea%ore4 ,we took a great delight 9 ^! long all-day excursions1 arriv+ at night always 9 a new place4 ,if we /ay$ 9 "o place too long1 my husb& began to wi% to get back to ! laboratory4 ,x is also 9 vacation "t t we visit$ once my family 9 ! ,c>pa?ian m\nta9s4 ,my husb& le>n$ "s ,poli% 9 view ( ?is j\rney to ,pol&4 ,b fir/ ( all 9 our life 0 our sci5tific "w4 ,my husb& gave mu* c>e to ! prep>ation ( 8 c\rses1 & ,i gave him "s assi/ance 9 ?is1 :i*1 at ! "t1 help$ me 9 my education4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ ( our "t 0 devot$ to our laboratory rese>*es4 ,my husb& did n !n h a private laboratory4 ,he c\ld1 to "s ext5t1 use ! laboratory ( ! s*ool = 8 own "w1 b f\nd m fre$om by in/all+ himself 9 "s unus$ corn] ( ! ,physics ,s*ool build+4 ,i ?us le>n$ f 8 example t "o c\ld "w happily ev5 9 v insuffici5t qu>t]s4 ,at ?is "t my husb& 0 occupi$ ) rese>*es on cry/als1 :ile ,i und]took an inve/igation ( ! magnetic prop]ties ( /eel4 ,?is "w 0 complet$ & publi%$ 9 #ahig4 ,9 t same ye> ! bir? ( our fir/ daught] br\ght a great *ange 9 our life4 ,a few weeks lat] my husb&'s "m di$ & 8 fa!r came to live ) u4 ,we took a small h\se ) a g>d5 at ! bord] ( ,p>is & cont9u$ to occupy ?is h\se z long z my husb& liv$4 ,x became a s]i\s problem h[ to take c>e ( our little ,ir5e & ( our home )\t giv+ up my sci5tific "w4 ,su* a r5unciation w\ld h be5 v pa9ful to me1 & my husb& w\ld n ev5 ?9k ( x2 he us$ to say t he _h got a wife made expressly = him to %>e all 8 preoccupations4 ,nei!r ( u w\ld contemplate ab&on+ :at 0 s preci\s to bo?4 ,( c\rse we _h to h a s]vant1 b ,i p]sonally saw to all ! details ( ! *ild's c>e4 ,:ile ,i 0 9 ! laboratory1 %e 0 9 ! c>e ( h] gr&fa!r1 :o lov$ h] t5d]ly & ^: own life 0 made bright] by h]4 ,s ! close union ( our family enabl$ me to meet my obligations4 ,?+s 7 p>ticul>ly difficult only 9 case ( m exceptional ev5ts1 su* z a *ild's illness1 :5 sleepless nights int]rupt$ ! normal c\rse ( life4 ,x c be easily und]/ood t !re 0 no place 9 our life = worldly relations4 ,we saw b a few fri5ds1 sci5tific work]s1 l ourselves1 ) :om we talk$ 9 our home or 9 our g>d51 :ile ,i did "s sew+ = my little girl4 ,we also ma9ta9$ affectionate relations ) my husb&'s bro!r & 8 family4 ,b ,i 0 sep>at$ f all my relatives1 z my si/] _h left ,p>is ) h] husb& to live 9 ,pol&4 ,x 0 "u ?is mode ( quiet liv+1 organiz$ accord+ to our desires1 t we a*iev$ ! great "w ( our lives1 "w begun ab\t ! end ( #ahig & la/+ = _m ye>s4 ,i _h decid$ on a !me = my doctorate4 ,my att5tion _h be5 drawn to ! int]e/+ exp]im5ts ( ,h5ri ,becqu]el on ! salts ( ! r>e metal uranium4 ,becqu]el _h %[n t by plac+ "s uranium salt on a photographic plate1 cov]$ ) black pap]1 ! plate w\ld be affect$ z if light _h fall5 on x4 ,! effect is produc$ by special rays :i* are emitt$ by ! uranium salt & are diff]5t f ord9>y lum9\s rays z !y c pass ?r\gh black pap]4 ,becqu]el also %[$ t ^! rays c dis*>ge an electroscope4 ,he at fir/ ?\ght t ! uranium rays 7 produc$ z a result ( expos+ ! uranium salt to light1 b exp]im5t %[$ t salts kept = sev]al mon?s 9 ! d>k cont9u$ ! peculi> rays4 ,my husb& & ,i 7 mu* excit$ by ?is new ph5om5on1 & ,i resolv$ to und]take ! special /udy ( x4 ,x seem$ to me t ! fir/ ?+ to d 0 to measure ! ph5om5on ) precision4 ,9 ?is ,i decid$ to use t prop]ty ( ! rays :i* enabl$ !m to dis*>ge an electroscope4 ,h[ev]1 in/ead ( ! usual electroscope1 ,i us$ a m p]fect app>atus4 ,"o ( ! models ( ! app>atus us$ by me = ^! fir/ measurem5ts is n[ 9 ! ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons 9 ,philadelphia4 ,i 0 n long 9 obta9+ int]e/+ results4 ,my det]m9ations %[$ t ! emission ( ! rays is an atomic prop]ty ( ! uranium1 :atev] ! physical or *emical conditions ( ! salt 74 ,any sub/ance conta9+ uranium is z mu* m active 9 emitt+ rays1 z x conta9s m ( ?is elem5t4 ,i !n ?\ght to f9d out if !re 7 o!r sub/ances possess+ ?is rem>kable prop]ty ( uranium1 & soon f\nd t sub/ances conta9+ ?orium behav$ 9 a simil> way1 & t ?is behavior dep5d$ simil>ly on an atomic prop]ty ( ?orium4 ,i 0 n[ ab\t to und]take a detail$ /udy ( ! uranium & ?orium rays :5 ,i discov]$ a new int]e/+ fact4 ,i _h occasion to exam9e a c]ta9 numb] ( m9]als4 ,a few ( !m %[$ activity2 !y 7 ^? conta9+ ei!r uranium or ?orium4 ,! activity ( ^! m9]als w\ld h _h no?+ a/oni%+ ab\t x1 if x _h be5 9 proportion to ! quantities ( uranium or ?orium conta9$ 9 !m4 ,b x 0 n s4 ,"s ( ^! m9]als reveal$ an activity ?ree or f\r times great] ?an t ( uranium4 ,i v]ifi$ ?is surpris+ fact c>efully1 & c\ld n d\bt its tru?4 ,speculat+ ab\t ! reason = ?is1 !re seem$ to be b "o explanation4 ,!re mu/ be1 ,i ?\ght1 "s unkn[n sub/ance1 v active1 9 ^! m9]als4 ,my husb& agre$ ) me & ,i urg$ t we se>* at once = ?is hypo!tical sub/ance1 ?9k+ t1 ) jo9$ ef=ts1 a result w\ld be quickly obta9$4 ,nei!r ( u c\ld =esee t 9 beg9n+ ?is "w we 7 to ent] ! pa? ( a new sci5ce :i* we %\ld foll[ = all our future4 ,( c\rse1 ,i did n expect1 ev5 at ! beg9n+1 to f9d a new elem5t 9 any l>ge quantity1 z ! m9]als _h already be5 analyz$ ) "s precision4 ,at lea/1 ,i ?\ght !re might be z mu* z "o p] c5t ( ! unkn[n sub/ance 9 ! m9]als4 ,b ! m we work$1 ! cle>] we realiz$ t ! new radioactive elem5t c\ld exi/ only 9 q m9ute proportion & t1 9 consequ5ce1 its activity mu/ be v great4 ,w\ld we h insi/$1 despite ! sc>city ( our means ( rese>*1 if we _h kn[n ! true proportion ( :at we 7 se>*+ =1 no "o c tell2 all t c be said n[ is t ! con/ant progress ( our "w held u absorb$ 9 a passionate rese>*1 :ile ! difficulties 7 ev] increas+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 only aft] sev]al ye>s ( mo/ ardu\s labor t we f9ally succe$$ 9 completely sep>at+ ! new sub/ance1 n[ kn[n to ev]ybody z radium4 ,"h is1 briefly1 ! /ory ( ! se>* & discov]y4 ,z we did n "k1 at ! beg9n+1 any ( ! *emical prop]ties ( ! unkn[n sub/ance1 b only t x emits rays1 x 0 by ^! rays t we _h to se>*4 ,we fir/ und]took ! analysis ( a pit*bl5de f ,/4 ,joa*im/hal4 ,analyz+ ?is ore by ! usual *emical me?ods1 we add$ an exam9ation ( its diff]5t p>ts = radioactivity1 by ! use ( our delicate electrical app>atus4 ,?is 0 ! f\ndation ( a new me?od ( *emical analysis :i*1 foll[+ our "w1 has be5 ext5d$1 ) ! result t a l>ge numb] ( radioactive elem5ts h be5 discov]$4 ,9 a few weeks we c\ld be conv9c$ t our prevision _h be5 "r1 = ! activity 0 conc5trat+ 9 a regul> way4 ,&1 9 a few mon?s1 we c\ld sep>ate f ! pit*bl5de a sub/ance accompany+ ! bismu?1 mu* m active ?an uranium1 & hav+ well def9$ *emical prop]ties4 ,9 ,july1 #ahih1 we ann\nc$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is new sub/ance1 to :i* ,i gave ! "n ( polonium1 9 memory ( my native c\ntry4 ,:ile engag$ 9 ?is "w on polonium1 we _h also discov]$ t1 accompany+ ! b>ium sep>at$ f ! pit*bl5de1 !re 0 ano!r new elem5t4 ,aft] sev]al mon?s m ( close "w we 7 able to sep>ate ?is second new sub/ance1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds %[n to be mu* m important ?an polonium4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahih1 we c\ld ann\nce ! discov]y ( ?is new & n[ fam\s elem5t1 to :i* we gave ! "n ( radium4 ,h[ev]1 ! greate/ "p ( ! mat]ial "w _h yet to be done4 ,we _h1 to be sure1 discov]$ ! exi/5ce ( ! rem>kable new elem5ts1 b x 0 *iefly by _! radiant prop]ties t ^! new sub/ances 7 di/+ui%$ f ! bismu? & b>ium ) :i* !y 7 mix$ 9 m9ute quantities4 ,we _h /ill to sep>ate !m z pure elem5ts4 ,on ?is "w we n[ />t$4 ,we 7 v poorly equipp$ ) facilities = ?is purpose4 ,x 0 necess>y to subject l>ge quantities ( ore to c>eful *emical treatm5t4 ,we _h no money1 no suitable laboratory1 no p]sonal help = our great & difficult und]tak+4 ,x 0 l creat+ some?+ out ( no?+1 & if my e>li] /udy+ ye>s _h once be5 call$ by my bro!r-9-law ! h]oic p]iod ( my life1 ,i c say )\t exagg]ation t ! p]iod on :i* my husb& & ,i n[ ent]$ 0 truly ! h]oic "o ( our common life4 ,we knew by our exp]im5ts t 9 ! treatm5t ( pit*bl5de at ! uranium plant ( ,/4 ,joa*im/hal1 radium mu/ h be5 left 9 ! residues1 &1 ) ! p]mission ( ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t1 :i* own$ ! plant1 we succe$$ 9 secur+ a c]ta9 quantity ( ^! residues1 !n q valueless1--& us$ !m = extraction ( radium4 ,h[ glad ,i 0 :5 ! sacks arriv$1 ) ! br[n du/ mix$ ) p9e ne$les1 & :5 ! activity prov$ ev5 great] ?an t ( ! primitive ore6 ,x 0 a /roke ( luck t ! residues _h n be5 ?r[n f> away or dispos$ ( 9 "s way1 b left 9 a heap 9 ! p9e wood ne> ! plant4 ,"s "t lat]1 ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t1 on ! proposition ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ce ( ,vi5na1 let u h sev]al tons ( simil> residues at a l[ price4 ,) ?is mat]ial 0 prep>$ all ! radium ,i _h 9 my laboratory up to ! date :5 ,i receiv$ ! preci\s gift f ! ,am]ican wom54 ,! ,s*ool ( ,physics c\ld give u no suitable premises1 b = lack ( any?+ bett]1 ! ,director p]mitt$ u to use an ab&on$ %$ :i* _h be5 9 s]vice z a dissect+ room ( ! ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e4 ,its glass ro( did n af=d complete %elt] aga9/ ra92 ! heat 0 suffocat+ 9 summ]1 & ! bitt] cold ( w9t] 0 only a little less5$ by ! iron /ove1 except 9 its imm$iate vic9ity4 ,!re 0 no "q ( obta9+ ! ne$$ prop] app>atus 9 common use by *emi/s4 ,we simply _h "s old p9e-wood tables ) furnaces & gas burn]s4 ,we _h to use ! adjo9+ y>d = ^? ( our *emical op]ations t involv$ produc+ irritat+ gases2 ev5 !n ! gas (t5 fill$ our %$4 ,) ?is equipm5t we ent]$ on our exhau/+ "w4 ,yet x 0 9 ?is mis]able old %$ t we pass$ ! be/ & happie/ ye>s ( our life1 devot+ our entire days to our "w4 ,(t5 ,i _h to prep>e our lun* 9 ! %$1 s z n to int]rupt "s p>ticul>ly important op]ation4 ,sometimes ,i _h to sp5d a :ole day mix+ a boil+ mass ) a heavy iron rod ne>ly z l>ge z myself4 ,i w\ld be brok5 ) fatigue at ! day's end4 ,o!r days1 on ! contr>y1 ! "w w\ld be a mo/ m9ute & delicate fractional cry/allization1 9 ! ef=t to conc5trate ! radium4 ,i 0 !n annoy$ by ! float+ du/ ( iron & coal f :i* ,i c\ld n protect my preci\s products4 ,b ,i %all nev] be able to express ! joy ( ! untr\bl$ quietness ( ?is atmosph]e ( rese>* & ! excitem5t ( actual progress ) ! confid5t hope ( /ill bett] results4 ,! feel+ ( disc\ragem5t t sometimes came aft] "s unsuccessful toil did n la/ long & gave way to r5ew$ activity4 ,we _h happy mom5ts devot$ to a quiet discussion ( our "w1 walk+ ar\nd our %$4 ,"o ( our joys 0 to g into our workroom at night2 we !n p]ceiv$ on all sides ! feebly lum9\s silh\ettes ( ! bottles or capsules conta9+ our products4 ,x 0 really a lovely sight & "o always new to u4 ,! gl[+ tubes look$ l fa9t1 fairy lights4 ,?us ! mon?s pass$1 & our ef=ts1 h>dly int]rupt$ by %ort vacations1 br\ght =? m & m complete evid5ce4 ,our fai? grew ev] /rong]1 & our "w be+ m & m kn[n1 we f\nd means to get new quantities ( raw mat]ial & to c>ry on "s ( our crude processes 9 a factory1 all[+ me to give m "t to ! delicate f9i%+ treatm5t4 ,at ?is /age ,i devot$ myself especially to ! purification ( ! radium1 my husb& be+ absorb$ by ! /udy ( ! physical prop]ties ( ! rays emitt$ by ! new sub/ances4 ,x 0 only aft] treat+ "o ton ( pit*bl5de residues t ,i c\ld get def9ite results4 ,inde$ we "k to-day t ev5 9 ! be/ m9]als !re are n m ?an a few decigrammes ( radium 9 a ton ( raw mat]ial4 ,at la/ ! "t came :5 ! isolat$ sub/ances %[$ all ! *>act]s ( a pure *emical body4 ,?is body1 ! radium1 gives a *>act]i/ic spectrum1 & ,i 0 able to det]m9e = x an atomic weight mu* high] ?an t ( ! b>ium4 ,?is 0 a*iev$ 9 #aijb4 ,i !n possess$ "o decigramme ( v pure radium *loride4 ,x _h tak5 me almo/ f\r ye>s to produce ! k9d ( evid5ce :i* *emical sci5ce dem&s1 t radium is truly a new elem5t4 ,"o ye> w\ld probably h be5 en\gh = ! same purpose1 if reasonable means _h be5 at my disposal4 ,! demon/ration t co/ s mu* ef=t 0 ! basis ( ! new sci5ce ( radioactivity4 ,9 lat] ye>s ,i 0 able to prep>e sev]al decigrammes ( pure radium salt1 to make a m accurate det]m9ation ( ! atomic weight & ev5 to isolate ! pure radium metal4 ,h[ev]1 #aijb 0 ! ye> 9 :i* ! exi/5ce & "* ( radium 7 def9itely e/abli%$4 ,we _h be5 able to live = sev]al ye>s entirely engross$ 9 ! "w ( rese>*1 b gradually circum/ances *ang$4 ,9 #aijj my husb& 0 (f]$ a pr(essor%ip 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,g5eva1 b almo/ simultane\sly he obta9$ a position ( assi/ant pr(essor at ! ,sorbonne1 & ,i 0 made pr(essor at ! ,normal ,sup]ior ,s*ool = "y girls at ,svres4 ,s we rema9$ 9 ,p>is4 ,i became mu* int]e/$ 9 my "w 9 ! ,normal ,s*ool1 & endeavor$ to develop m fully ! practical laboratory ex]cises ( ! pupils4 ,^! pupils 7 girls ( ab\t tw5ty ye>s :o _h ent]$ ! s*ool aft] sev]e exam9ation & _h /ill to "w v s]i\sly to meet ! requirem5ts t w\ld enable !m to be nam$ pr(essors 9 ! lyces4 ,all ^! "y wom5 work$ ) great eag]ness1 & x 0 a pleasure = me to direct _! /udies 9 physics4 ,b a gr[+ notoriety1 because ( ! ann\ncem5t ( our discov]ies1 began to tr\ble our quiet "w 9 ! laboratory1 &1 little by little1 life became m difficult4 ,9 #aijc ,i f9i%$ my doctor's !sis & obta9$ ! degree4 ,at ! end ( ! same ye> ! ,nobel prize 0 aw>d$ jo9tly to ,becqu]el1 my husb& & me = ! discov]y ( radioactivity & new radioactive elem5ts4 ,?is ev5t greatly increas$ ! publicity ( our "w4 ,= "s "t !re 0 no m peace4 ,visitors & dem&s = lectures & articles int]rupt$ e day4 ,! aw>d ( ! ,nobel prize 0 a great honor4 ,x is also kn[n t ! mat]ial means provid$ by ?is prize 0 mu* great] ?an is usual 9 prizes = sci5ce4 ,?is 0 a great help 9 ! cont9uation ( our rese>*es4 ,unhappily1 we 7 ov]tir$ & _h a succession ( failures ( heal? = ! "o or ! o!r ( u1 s t x 0 n until #aije t we 7 able to g to ,/ockholm1 :]e my husb& gave 8 ,nobel lecture & :]e we 7 well receiv$4 ,! fatigue result+ f ! ef=t exce$+ our =ces1 impos$ by ! unsatisfactory conditions ( our labor1 0 augm5t$ by ! invasion ( publicity4 ,! ov]turn ( our volunt>y isolation 0 a cause ( real suff]+ = u & _h all ! effect ( disa/]4 ,x 0 s]i\s tr\ble br\ght into ! organization ( our life1 & ,i h already expla9$ h[ indisp5sable 0 our fre$om f ext]nal di/raction1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 our family life & our sci5tific activity4 ,( c\rse1 p :o contribute to t k9d ( tr\ble g5]ally mean x k9dly4 ,x is only t !y d n realize ! conditions ( ! problem4 ,9 #aijd our second daught]4 ,eve ,d5ise1 came to u4 ,i _h1 ( c\rse1 to int]rupt my "w 9 ! laboratory = a :ile4 ,9 ! same ye>1 because ( ! aw>d+ ( ! ,nobel prize & ! g5]al public recognition1 a new *air ( physics 0 creat$ 9 ,sorbonne1 & my husb& 0 nam$ z its occupant4 ,at ! same "t ,i 0 nam$ *ief ( "w 9 ! laboratory t 0 to be creat$ = him4 ,b 9 reality ! laboratory 0 n con/ruct$ !n1 & only a few rooms tak5 f o!r uses 7 available to u4 ,9 #aijf j z we 7 def9itely giv+ up ! old %$ laboratory :]e we _h be5 s happy1 !re came ! dreadful cata/rophe :i* took my husb& away f me & left me alone to br+ up our *ildr5 &1 at ! same "t1 to cont9ue our "w ( rese>*4 ,x is impossible = me to express ! pr(\ndness & importance ( ! crisis br\ght into my life by ! loss ( ! "o :o _h be5 my close/ companion & be/ fri5d4 ,cru%$ by ! bl[1 ,i did n feel able to face ! future4 ,i c\ld n =get1 h[ev]1 :at my husb& us$ sometimes to say1 t1 ev5 depriv$ ( him1 ,i ought to cont9ue my "w4 ,! dea? ( my husb&1 com+ imm$iately aft] ! g5]al k ( ! discov]ies ) :i* 8 "n is associat$1 0 felt by ! public1 & especially by ! sci5tific circles1 to be a national mis=tune4 ,x 0 l>gely "u ! influ5ce ( ?is emotion t ! ,faculty ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is decid$ to (f] me ! *air1 z pr(essor1 :i* my husb& _h occupi$ only "o ye> & a half 9 ! ,sorbonne4 ,x 0 an exceptional decision1 z up to !n no woman _h held su* a position4 ,! ,univ]sity by do+ ?is (f]$ me a preci\s m>k ( e/eem & gave me opportunity to pursue ! rese>*es :i* o!rwise might h _h to be ab&on$4 ,i _h n expect$ a gift ( ?is k9d2 ,i nev] _h any o!r ambition ?an to be able to "w freely = sci5ce4 ,! honor t n[ came to me 0 deeply pa9ful "u ! cruel circum/ances ( its com+4 ,besides ,i wond]$ :e!r ,i w\ld be able to face su* a grave responsibility4 ,aft] mu* hesitation1 ,i decid$ t ,i ought at lea/ to try to meet ! task1 & s ,i began 9 #aijf my tea*+ 9 ! ,sorbonne1 z assi/ant pr(essor1 & two ye>s lat] ,i 0 nam$ titul> pr(essor4 ,9 my new situation ! difficulties ( my life 7 consid]ably augm5t$1 z ,i alone _h n[ to c>ry ! burd5 =m]ly weigh+ on my husb& & me toge!r4 ,! c>es ( my "y *ildr5 requir$ close vigilance2 9 ?is1 my husb&'s fa!r1 :o cont9u$ to live ) u1 will+ly took 8 %>e4 ,he 0 happy to be occupi$ ) ! little girls1 ^: company 0 8 *ief consolation aft] 8 son's dea?4 ,by 8 ef=t & m9e1 ! *ildr5 _h a bright home1 ev5 if we liv$ ) our inn] grief1 :i* !y 7 too "y to realize4 ,! /rong desire ( my fa!r-9-law be+ to live 9 ! c\ntry1 we took a h\se ) a g>d5 9 ,sceaux1 a suburb ( ,p>is1 f :i* ,i c\ld rea* ! city 9 half an h\r4 ,?is c\ntry life _h great advantages1 n only = my fa!r-9-law1 :o enjoy$ 8 new surr\nd+s1 & especially 8 g>d51 b also = my girls1 :o _h ! b5efit ( walks 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,b !y 7 m sep>at$ f me1 & x became necess>y to h a gov]ness = !m4 ,?is position 0 fill$ fir/ by "o ( my c\s9s1 & !n by a devot$ woman :o _h already br\ght up ! daught] ( "o ( my si/]s4 ,bo? ( !m 7 ,poli%1 & 9 ?is way my daught]s le>n$ my native tongue4 ,f "t to "t1 "s "o ( my ,poli% family came to see me 9 my grief1 & we manag$ to meet 9 vacation "t1 at ! sea%ore 9 ,france1 & once 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,pol&4 ,9 #aiaj we suff]$ ! loss ( my v de> fa!r-9-law1 aft] a long illness1 :i* br\ght me _m sorr[ful days4 ,i us$ to sp5d at 8 b$side z mu* "t z ,i c\ld1 li/5+ to 8 remembrances ( pass$ ye>s4 ,8 dea? affect$ deeply my eld] daught]1 :o1 at twelve1 knew ! value ( ! *e]ful h\rs sp5t 9 8 company4 ,!re 7 few res\rces = ! education ( my daught]s 9 ,sceaux4 ,! y\nge/ "o1 a small *ild1 ne$$ pr9cipally a hygi5ic life1 outdoor walks & q elem5t>y s*ool+4 ,%e _h already %[n a vivid intellig5ce & an unusual disposition = music4 ,h] eld] si/] resembl$ h] fa!r 9 ! =m ( h] intellig5ce4 ,%e 0 n quick1 b "o c\ld already see t %e _h a gift ( reason+ p[] & t %e w\ld l sci5ce4 ,%e _h "s tra9+ 9 a private s*ool 9 ,p>is1 b ,i _h n want$ to keep h] 9 a lyce1 z ,i h always f\nd ! class h\rs 9 ^! s*ools too long = ! heal? ( ! *ildr54 ,my view is t 9 ! education ( *ildr5 ! requirem5t ( _! gr[? & physical evolution %\ld be respect$1 & t "s "t %\ld be left = _! arti/ic culture4 ,9 mo/ s*ools1 z !y exi/ to-day1 ! "t sp5t 9 v>i\s read+ & writ+ ex]cises is too great1 & ! /udy requir$ to be done at home too mu*4 ,i also f9d ^! s*ools lack+1 9 g5]al1 9 practical ex]cises to accompany ! sci5tific /udies4 ,) a few fri5ds 9 ! univ]sity circle :o %>$ ^! views1 we organiz$1 !re=e1 a coop]ative gr\p = ! education ( our *ildr51 ea* ( u tak+ *>ge ( ! tea*+ ( a p>ticul> subject to all ( ! "y p4 ,we 7 all v busy ) o!r ?+s1 & ! *ildr5 v>i$ 9 age4 ,nev]!less1 ! little exp]im5t ?us made 0 v int]e/+4 ,) a small numb] ( classes we yet succe$$ 9 reunit+ ! sci5tific & lit]>y elem5ts ( a desirable culture4 ,! c\rses 9 sci5ce 7 accompani$ by practical ex]cises 9 :i* ! *ildr5 took great int]e/4 ,?is arrangem5t1 :i* la/$ two ye>s1 prov$ to be v b5eficial = mo/ ( ! *ildr52 x 0 c]ta9ly s = my eld] daught]4 ,foll[+ ?is prep>ation1 %e 0 able to ent] a high] class 9 "o ( ! collges ( ,p>is1 & _h no difficulty 9 pass+ h] ba*elor's exam9ation be=e ! usual age1 aft] :i* %e cont9u$ h] sci5tific /udies 9 ! ,sorbonne4 ,my second daught]1 al?\gh n b5efit+ by a simil> arrangem5t = h] e>li] /udies1 at fir/ foll[$ ! classes ( a collge only p>tially1 & lat] completely4 ,%e %[$ h]self a good pupil1 do+ satisfactory "w 9 all directions4 ,i want$ v mu* to assure = my *ildr5 a rational physical education4 ,next to outdoor walks1 ,i atta* a great importance to gymna/ics & sports4 ,?is side ( a girl's education is /ill r neglect$ 9 ,france4 ,i took c>e t my *ildr5 did gymna/ics regul>ly4 ,i 0 also c>eful to h !m sp5d vacations ei!r 9 ! m\nta9s or at ! sea%ore4 ,!y c canoe & swim v well & are n afraid ( a long walk or a bicycle ride4 ,b ( c\rse ! c>e ( my *ildr5's education 0 only a "p ( my duties1 my pr(essional occupations tak+ mo/ ( my "t4 ,i h be5 frequ5tly que/ion$1 especially by wom51 h[ ,i c\ld reconcile family life ) a sci5tific c>e]4 ,well1 x has n be5 easy2 x requir$ a great deal ( decision & ( self-sacrifice4 ,h[ev]1 ! family bond has be5 pres]v$ betwe5 me & my n[ gr[n-up daught]s1 & life is made bright] by ! mutual affection & und]/&+ 9 our home1 :]e ,i c\ld n suff] a h>% ^w or selfi% behavior4 ,9 #aijf1 :5 ,i succe$$ my husb& at ! ,sorbonne1 ,i _h only a provisional laboratory ) little space & mo/ limit$ equipm5t4 ,a few sci5ti/s & /ud5ts _h already be5 admitt$ to "w !re ) my husb& & me4 ,) _! help1 ,i 0 able to cont9ue ! c\rse ( rese>* ) good success4 ,9 #aijg1 ,i receiv$ a preci\s m>k ( sympa?y f ,mr4 ,&rew ,c>negie1 :o donat$ to my laboratory an annual income = rese>* fell[%ips :i* enabl$ "s advanc$ /ud5ts or sci5ti/s to devote _! :ole "t to inve/igation4 ,su* f\ndations are v enc\rag+ to ^? ^: incl9ations & tal5ts are su* z to w>rant _! entire devotion to rese>* "w4 ,!y ought to be multipli$ 9 ! int]e/ ( sci5ce4 ,z = myself1 ,i _h to devote aga9 a great deal ( "t to ! prep>ation ( sev]al decigrammes ( v pure radium *loride4 ,) ?is ,i a*iev$1 9 #aijg1 a new det]m9ation ( ! atomic weight ( radium1 & 9 #aiaj ,i 0 able to isolate ! metal4 ,! op]ation1 an extremely delicate "o1 0 p]=m$ ) ! assi/ance ( a di/+ui%$ *emi/ belong+ to ! laboratory /aff4 ,x has nev] be5 repeat$ s9ce t "t1 because x involves a s]i\s dang] ( loss ( radium1 :i* c be avoid$ only ) utmo/ c>e4 ,s ,i saw at la/ ! my/]i\s :ite metal1 b c\ld n keep x 9 ?is /ate1 = x 0 requir$ = fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,z = ! polonium1 ,i h n be5 able to isolate x1 its quantity 9 ! m9]al be+ ev5 mu* less ?an ! quantity ( radium4 ,h[ev]1 v conc5trat$ polonium has be5 prep>$ 9 my laboratory1 & important exp]im5ts h be5 p]=m$ ) ?is sub/ance1 conc]n+ especially ! production ( helium by radiation ( polonium4 ,i _h to devote special c>e to ! improvem5t ( ! measur+ me?ods 9 ! laboratory4 ,i h told h[ important precise measurem5ts 7 9 ! discov]y ( radium4 ,x is /ill to be hop$ t effici5t me?ods ( quantitative det]m9ation may lead to new discov]ies4 ,i devis$ a v satisfactory me?od = det]m9+ ! quantity ( radium by ! means ( a radioactive gas produc$ by x & call$ emanation4 ,?is me?od1 frequ5tly us$ 9 my laboratory1 p]mits ( ! measurem5t ( v small quantities ( radium 7less ?an a ?\s&? ( a milligramme71 ) a fair precision4 ,m important quantities are (t5 measur$ by _! p5etrat+ radiation1 nam$ ,gamma-rays4 ,= ?is we also possess 9 my laboratory a suitable equipm5t4 ,x is easi] & m satisfactory to measure ! radium by ! emitt$ rays1 ?an to weigh x 9 a balance4 ,h[ev]1 ^! measurem5ts require ! disposition ( reliable /&>ds4 ,s ! "q ( a radium /&>d _h to be tak5 into c>eful consid]ation4 ,! measurem5ts ( radium _h to be e/abli%$ on a solid basis1 = ! b5efit ( laboratories & sci5tific rese>*1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is 9 itself an important reason1 & moreov]1 ! gr[+ m$ical utilization ( ?is sub/ance made x necess>y to control ! relative purity ( comm]cially produc$ radium4 ,! fir/ exp]im5ts on ! biological prop]ties ( radium 7 successfully made 9 ,france ) samples f our laboratory1 :ile my husb& 0 liv+4 ,! results 71 at once1 enc\rag+1 s t ! new bran* ( m$ical sci5ce1 call$ radium!rapy 79 ,france1 ,curie!rapy71 develop$ rapidly1 fir/ 9 ,france & lat] 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,to supply ! radium want$ = ?is purpose1 a radium-produc+ indu/ry 0 e/abli%$4 ,! fir/ plant 0 creat$ 9 ,france & work$ v successfully1 b aft]w>ds manufactures 7 f\nd$ 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! mo/ important ( :i* are n[ 9 ,am]ica1 :]e great quantities ( radium ore1 nam$ c>notite1 are available4 ,! radium!rapy & ! radium production develop$ conjo9tly1 & ! results 7 m & m important1 = ! treatm5t ( sev]al diseases1 & p>ticul>ly ( canc]4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 sev]al in/itutes h be5 f\nd$1 9 ! l>ge cities1 = ! application ( ! new !rapy4 ,"s ( ^! in/itutes own sev]al grammes ( radium1 ! comm]cial price ( ! gramme be+ n[ ab\t #gj1jjj1 ! co/ ( production dep5d+ on ! v small proportion ( radium 9 ! ore4 ,x may be easily und]/ood h[ deeply ,i appreciat$ ! privilege ( realiz+ t our discov]y _h become a b5efit to mank9d1 n only ?r\gh its great sci5tific importance1 b also by its p[] ( effici5t action aga9/ human suff]+ & t]rible disease4 ,?is 0 inde$ a spl5did rew>d = our ye>s ( h>d toil4 ,! success ( ! !rapy dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! precise k ( ! quantity ( radium :i* is us$1 s t ! measurem5ts ( radium are z important = indu/ry & = m$ic9e z = physico*emical rese>*4 ,consid]+ all ^! ne$s1 a commission ( sci5tific m5 ( diff]5t c\ntries 0 =m$ :o agre$ to take z a base an int]national /&>d1 =m$ ( a c>efully weigh$ quantity ( pure radium salt4 ,second>y /&>ds 7 !n to be prep>$ = ea* c\ntry1 & comp>$ to ! basic /&>d by means ( _! radiation4 ,i 0 appo9t$ to prep>e ! prim>y /&>d4 ,?is 0 a v delicate op]ation1 z ! weight ( ! /&>d sample1 q small 7ab\t #ba milligrammes ( *loride71 _h to be det]m9$ ) great precision4 ,i p]=m$ ! prep>ation 9 #aiaa4 ,! /&>d is a ?9 glass tube1 ( a few c5timet]s 9 l5g?1 conta9+ ! pure salt :i* 0 us$ = ! det]m9ation ( atomic weight4 ,x 0 accept$ by ! ,commission & is deposit$ 9 ! ,int]national ,bureau ( ,weights & ,measures at ,svres1 ne> ,p>is4 ,sev]al second>y /&>ds1 comp>$ ) ! prim>y "o1 h be5 put into s]vice by ! ,commission4 ,9 ,france ! control ( radium tubes1 by ! measurem5t ( _! radiation1 takes place 9 my laboratory1 :]e any "o may br+ ! radium to be te/$2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?is is done 9 ! ,bureau ( ,/&>ds4 ,ne> ! end ( ! ye> #aiaj1 ,i 0 propos$ = ! decoration ( ! ,lgion ( ,honor4 ,a simil> proposal 0 made e>li] 9 favor ( my husb&1 :o1 h[ev]1 be+ oppos$ to all honor>y di/9ctions1 did n accept ! nom9ation4 ,z my husb& & ,i 7 too unit$ 9 all ?+s = me to act diff]5tly f him 9 ?is matt]1 ,i did n accept ! decoration1 9 spite ( ! insi/5ce ( ! ,m9i/ry4 ,at t "t also1 sev]al colleagues p]suad$ me to be a c&idate = election to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is1 ( :i* my husb& 0 a memb] dur+ ! la/ mon?s ( 8 life4 ,i hesitat$ v mu*1 z su* a c&idacy requires1 by cu/om1 a great numb] ( p]sonal visits to ,academy memb]s4 ,h[ev]1 ,i cons5t$ to (f] myself a c&idate1 because ( ! advantages an election w\ld h = my laboratory4 ,my c&idacy provok$ a vivid public int]e/1 especially because x involv$ ! "q ( ! admission ( wom5 to ! ,academy4 ,_m ( ! ,academicians 7 oppos$ to ?is 9 pr9ciple1 & :5 ! scrut9y 0 made1 ,i _h a few votes less ?an 0 necess>y4 ,i d n ev] wi% to r5ew my c&idacy1 because ( my /rong di/a/e = ! p]sonal solicitation requir$4 ,i believe t all su* elections %\ld be bas$ :olly on a spontane\s decision1 )\t any p]sonal ef=ts involv$1 z 0 ! case = sev]al ,academies & ,societies :i* made me a memb] )\t any dem& or initiative on my "p4 ,z a result ( all ! c>es devolv+ on me1 ,i fell s]i\sly ill at ! end ( #aiaa1 :51 = ! second "t1 ,i receiv$1 ?is "t alone1 ! aw>d ( ! ,nobel prize4 ,?is 0 a v exceptional honor1 a high recognition ( ! discov]y ( ! new elem5ts & ( ! prep>ation ( pure radium4 ,suff]+ ?\gh ,i 01 ,i w5t to ,/ockholm to receive ! prize4 ,! j\rney 0 extremely pa9ful = me4 ,i 0 accompani$ by my elde/ si/] & my "y daught] ,ir5e4 ,! c]emony ( deliv]y ( ! ,nobel prizes is v impressive1 hav+ ! features ( a national solemnity4 ,a mo/ g5]\s reception 0 accord$ me1 specially by ! wom5 ( ,sw$54 ,?is 0 a great com=t to me1 b ,i 0 suff]+ s mu* t :5 ,i return$ ,i _h to /ay 9 b$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,?is grave illness1 z well z ! necessities ( my *ildr5's education1 oblig$ me to move my home f ,sceaux to ,p>is4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aiab ,i _h ! opportunity ( collaborat+ 9 ! creation ( a laboratory ( radium at ,w>saw4 ,?is laboratory 0 f\nd$ by ! ,sci5tific ,society ( ,w>saw :i* (f]$ me its direction4 ,i c\ld n leave ,france to g back to my native c\ntry1 b ,i will+ly agre$ to occupy myself ) ! organization ( ! /udies 9 ! new laboratory4 ,9 #aiac1 hav+ improv$ my heal?1 ,i 0 able to att5d an inauguration fte 9 ,w>saw1 :]e a t\*+ reception 0 giv51 leav+ me an un=gettable memory ( national s5tim5t :i* succe$$ 9 creat+ useful "w "u p>ticul>ly difficult political conditions4 ,:ile /ill only p>tially recov]$ f my illness1 ,i r5ew$ my ef=ts = ! con/ruction ( a suitable laboratory 9 ,p>is4 ,f9ally x 0 arrang$ =1 & "w began 9 #aiab4 ,! ,pa/eur ,in/itute wi%$ to be associat$ ) ?is laboratory1 &1 9 accord ) ! ,univ]sity1 x 0 decid$ to create an ,in/itute ( ,radium1 ) two laboratories1 "o ( physics & "o ( biology1 ! fir/ to be devot$ to /udies ( ! physical & *emical prop]ties ( ! radioactive elem5ts1 ! second to ! /udy ( _! biological & m$ical applications4 ,b1 because ( ! lack ( f9ancial means1 ! con/ruction "w proce$$ v sl[ly1 & 0 n yet entirely f9i%$ :5 ! w> broke out 9 #aiad4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,9 #aiad1 x happ5$1 z x (t5 _h 9 o!r ye>s1 t my daught]s _h left ,p>is = _! summ] vacation be=e me4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by _! gov]ness1 9 :om ,i _h all confid5ce1 & 7 liv+ 9 a small h\se on ! sea%ore 9 ,brittany1 at a place :]e !re 7 also ! families ( sev]al ( our good fri5ds4 ,my "w did n g5]ally p]mit me to pass ! entire vacation ne> !m )\t int]ruption4 ,t ye> ,i 0 prep>+ to jo9 !m 9 ! la/ days ( ,july1 :5 ,i 0 /opp$ by ! bad political news1 ) its premonitions ( an imm95t milit>y mobilization4 ,x did n seem possible = me to leave "u ^! conditions1 & ,i wait$ = fur!r ev5ts4 ,! mobilization 0 ann\nc$ on ,augu/ #a/1 imm$iately foll[$ by ,g]many's decl>ation ( w> on ,france4 ,! few m5 ( ! laboratory /aff & ! /ud5ts 7 mobiliz$1 & ,i 0 left alone ) our me*anic :o c\ld n jo9 ! army because ( a s]i\s he>t tr\ble4 ,! hi/oric ev5ts t foll[$ are kn[n to e "o1 b only ^? :o liv$ 9 ,p>is ?r\gh ! days ( ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 #aiad1 c ev] really "k ! /ate ( m9d 9 ! capital & ! quiet c\rage %[n by x4 ,! mobilization 0 a g5]al wave ( all ,france pass+ out to ! bord] = ! def5se ( ! l&4 ,all our int]e/ n[ c5t]$ on ! news f ! front4 ,aft] ! unc]ta9ties ( ! fir/ days ?is news became m & m grave4 ,fir/1 x 0 ! invasion ( ,belgium & ! h]oic resi/ance ( t little c\ntry2 !n ! victori\s m>* ( ! ,g]man army ?r\gh ! valley ( ! ,oise t[>d ,p>is2 & soon ! dep>ture ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t to ,bordeaux1 foll[$ by ! leav+ ( ^? ,p>isians :o c\ld n1 or w\ld n1 face ! possible dang] ( ,g]man occupation4 ,! ov]load$ tra9s took into ! c\ntry a great numb] ( p1 mo/ly ( ! well-to-d class4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! p ( ,p>is gave a /rong impression ( calm & quiet decision 9 t fateful ye> ( #aiad4 ,9 ! end ( ,augu/ & ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] ! wea!r 0 radiant1 & "u ! glori\s sky ( ^? days ! great city ) its ar*itectural treasures seem$ to be p>ticul>ly de> to ^? :o rema9$ 9 x4 ,:5 ! dang] ( ,g]man attack on ,p>is became press+1 ,i felt oblig$ to put 9 security ! supply ( radium !n 9 my laboratory1 & ,i 0 *>g$ by ! gov]nm5t to take x to ,bordeaux = safety4 ,b ,i did n want to be away long1 & h5ce decid$ to return imm$iately4 ,i left by "o ( ! tra9s t 7 c>ry+ gov]nm5t /aff & baggage1 & ,i well rememb] ! aspect ( ! national highway :i* is at int]vals 9 view f ! tra92 x %[$ a long l9e ( motor-c>s c>ry+ _! own]s f ! capital4 ,arriv+ at ,bordeaux 9 ! ev5+1 ,i 0 v emb>rass$ ) my heavy bag includ+ ! radium protect$ by lead4 ,i 0 n able to c>ry x & wait$ 9 a public place1 :ile a fri5dly m9i/ry employee :o came by ! same tra9 manag$ to f9d a room = me 9 a private ap>tm5t1 ! hotels be+ ov]cr[d$4 ,! next morn+ ,i hurri$ to put ! radium 9 a safe place1 & succe$$1 al?\gh n )\t difficulty1 9 tak+ a milit>y tra9 back to ,p>is 9 ! ev5+ ( ! same day4 ,hav+ opportunity = ex*ang+ a few s5t5ces ) p]sons on ! place :o want$ to ask in=mation f p com+ by ! tra91 ,i 0 int]e/$ to notice h[ !y seem$ surpris$ & com=t$ to le>n ( "s "o :o f\nd x natural to return to ,p>is4 ,my trip back 0 tr\bl$ by delays2 = sev]al h\rs ! tra9 re/$ immovable on ! rails1 :ile ! travel]s accept$ a little bread f ! soldi]s :o 7 provid$ ) x4 ,f9ally arriv+ 9 ,p>is1 ,i le>n$ t ! ,g]man army _h turn$2 ! battle ( ! ,m>ne _h begun4 ,9 ,p>is ,i %>$ ! alt]nat+ hope & grief ( ! inhabitants dur+ ! c\rse ( t great battle1 & _h ! con/ant worry ( =esee+ a long sep>ation f my *ildr5 9 case ! ,g]mans succe$$ 9 occupy+ ! city4 ,yet ,i felt t ,i mu/ /ay at my po/4 ,aft] ! successful outcome ( ! battle1 h[ev]1 any imm$iate dang] ( occupation be+ remov$1 ,i 0 able to h my daught]s come back f ,brittany to ,p>is & aga9 take up _! /udies4 ,?is 0 ! great desire ( my *ildr51 :o did n want to /ay away f me & f _! "w1 ev5 if _m o!r families ?\ght x wis] to /ay 9 ! c\ntry1 f> f ! front4 ,! dom9ant duty impos$ on e "o at t "t 0 to help ! c\ntry 9 :atev] way possible dur+ ! extreme crisis t x fac$4 ,no g5]al in/ructions to ?is 7 giv5 to ! memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,x 0 left to ea* to take 8 own initiative & means ( action4 ,i !re=e s\ght to discov] ! mo/ effici5t way to d useful "w1 turn+ my sci5tific k to mo/ pr(it4 ,dur+ ! rapid succession ( ev5ts 9 ,augu/1 #aiad1 x 0 cle>ly prov$ t ! prep>ation = def5se 0 insuffici5t4 ,public feel+ 0 especially ar\s$ by ! realization ( ! grave fail+s :i* appe>$ 9 ! organization ( ! ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,my own att5tion 0 p>ticul>ly drawn to ?is situation1 & ,i soon f\nd a field ( activity :i*1 once ent]$ ^u1 absorb$ ! greate/ "p ( my "t & ef=ts until ! end ( ! w>1 & ev5 = "s "t !reaft]4 ,! "w 0 ! organization ( radiologic & radio!rapeutic s]vices = ! milit>y hospitals4 ,b ,i also _h to make ! *ange1 dur+ ^! difficult w> ye>s1 ( my laboratory into ! new build+ ( ! ,in/itute ( ,radium & to cont9ue1 9 ! measure possible to me1 regul> tea*+1 z well z to inve/igate c]ta9 problems especially int]e/+ ! milit>y s]vice4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,x-rays (f] surgeons & doctors extremely useful means = ! exam9ation ( ! sick & w\nd$4 ,!y make possible ! discov]y & ! exact location ( projectiles :i* h ent]$ ! body1 & ?is is a great help 9 _! extraction4 ,^! rays also reveal lesions ( bones & ( ! int]nal organs & p]mit "o to foll[ ! progress ( recov]y f int]nal injuries4 ,! use ( ! ,x-rays dur+ ! w> sav$ ! lives ( _m w\nd$ m52 x also sav$ _m f long suff]+ & la/+ infirmity4 ,to all ! w\nd$ x gave a great] *ance ( recov]y4 ,h[ev]1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 ! ,milit>y ,bo>d ( ,heal? _h no organization ( radiology1 :ile ! civil organization 0 also b little develop$4 ,radiologic in/allations exi/$ 9 only a small numb] ( important hospitals1 & !re 7 only a few speciali/s 9 ! l>ge cities4 ,! num]\s new hospitals t 7 e/abli%$ all ov] ,france 9 ! fir/ mon?s ( ! w> _h1 z a rule1 no in/allation = ! use ( ,x-rays4 ,to meet ?is ne$ ,i fir/ ga!r$ toge!r all ! app>atus ,i c\ld f9d 9 ! laboratories & /ores4 ,) ?is equipm5t ,i e/abli%$ 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 #aiad1 sev]al /ations ( radiology1 ! op]ation ( :i* 0 assur$ by volunte] help]s to :om ,i gave in/ruction4 ,^! /ations r5d]$ great s]vice dur+ ! battle ( ! ,m>ne4 ,b z !y c\ld n satisfy ! ne$s ( all ! hospitals ( ! ,p>is region1 ,i fitt$ up1 ) ! help ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 a radiologic c>4 ,x 0 simply a t\r+ motor-c>1 arrang$ = ! transport ( a complete radiologic app>atus1 toge!r ) a dynamo t 0 work$ by ! eng9e ( ! c>1 & furni%$ ! electric curr5t necess>y = ! production ( ! rays4 ,?is c> c\ld come at ! call ( any ( ! hospitals1 l>ge or small1 9 ! surr\nd+s ( ,p>is4 ,cases ( urg5t ne$ 7 frequ5t1 = ^! hospitals _h to take c>e ( ! w\nd$ :o c\ld n be transport$ to m di/ant places4 ,! fir/ results ( ?is "w %[$ t x 0 necess>y to d m4 ,?anks to special donations & to ! help ( a v effici5t relief committee call$ le ,patronage ,national des ,blesss1 ,i succe$$ 9 develop+ my initiative to a consid]able ext5t4 ,ab\t two hundr$ radiologic in/allations 7 e/abli%$ or mat]ially improv$ ?r\gh my ef=ts 9 ! zone ( ! ,fr5* & ,belgian armies1 & 9 ! regions ( ,france n occupi$ by ! army4 ,i 0 able1 besides1 to equip 9 my laboratory & give to ! army tw5ty radiologic c>s4 ,! frames ( ^! c>s 7 donat$ by v>i\s p]sons :o wi%$ to be helpful2 "s ( !m (f]$ also ! equipm5t4 ,! c>s 7 ( ! greate/ s]vice to ! army4 ,^! privately develop$ in/allations 7 p>ticul>ly important 9 ! fir/ two ye>s ( ! w>1 :5 ! regul> milit>y s]vice possess$ b few radiologic in/rum5ts4 ,lat] ! ,bo>d ( ,heal? creat$1 little by little1 a consid]able radiologic s]vice ( its own1 z ! utility ( ! /ations 0 m cle>ly realiz$ ow+ to ! example giv5 by private initiative4 ,b ! ne$s ( ! armies 7 s great1 t my coop]ation cont9u$ necess>y to ! end ( ! w>1 & ev5 aft]w>ds4 ,i c\ld n h accompli%$ ?is "w )\t see+ = myself ! ne$s ( ! ambulance /ations & hospitals4 ,?anks to ! help ( ! ,r$ ,cross & to ! agreem5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,heal?1 ,i 0 able to make sev]al j\rneys to ! army zones & to ! o!r p>ts ( ,france4 ,sev]al times ,i visit$ ! ambulance /ations ( ! armies ( ! nor? & 9 ! ,belgian zone1 go+ to ,ami5s1 ,calais1 ,dunkirk1 ,furnes1 & ,pop]+he4 ,i w5t to ,v]dun1 ,nancy1 ,luneville1 ,bel=t1 to ,compiegne1 & ,vill]s-,cott]ets4 ,9 ! regions di/ant f ! front1 ,i took c>e ( _m hospitals :i* _h to d v int5sive "w ) little aid4 ,& ,i keep z a preci\s recollection ( t "t1 _m lett]s ( w>m recognition f ^? to :om ,i br\ght help 9 _! difficulties4 ,! motive ( my />t+ on a j\rney 0 usually a dem& f surgeons4 ,i w5t ) a radiologic c> :i* ,i kept = my p]sonal use4 ,9 exam9+ ! w\nd$ 9 ! hospital1 ,i c\ld ga9 in=mation ( ! special ne$s ( ! region4 ,:5 back 9 ,p>is1 ,i got ! necess>y equipm5t to meet ^! ne$s & return$ to in/all x myself1 = v (t5 ! p on ! gr\nd c\ld n d x4 ,i _h !n to f9d compet5t p]sons to h&le ! app>atus & %[ !m h[ to d x1 9 full detail4 ,aft] a few days ( h>d toil1 ! manipulator knew en\gh to "w ! app>atus himself1 & at ! same "t a l>ge numb] ( w\nd$ _h be5 exam9$4 ,9 addition1 ! surgeons ( ! region _h ga9$ an idea ( ! usefulness ( ! radiologic exam9ation 7:i* few ( !m knew at t "t71 & fri5dly relations 7 e/abli%$ :i* made ! lat] developm5t ( my "w mu* easi]4 ,on sev]al ( my trips ,i 0 accompani$ by my eld] daught]1 ,ir5e1 :o 0 !n sev5te5 ye>s old1 &1 hav+ f9i%$ h] prep>atory /udies1 0 beg9n+ high] /udies at ! ,sorbonne4 ,because %e greatly desir$ to be useful1 %e n[ /udi$ nurs+ & le>n$ radiology1 & did h] be/ to help me "u ! mo/ v>i$ circum/ances4 ,%e did ambulance "w at ! front betwe5 ,furnes & ,ypres1 & also at ,ami5s1 receiv+1 f ! ,*iefs ( ,s]vice1 te/imonials ( "w satisfactorily p]=m$ &1 at ! end ( ! w>1 a m$al4 ,( ! hospital life ( ^? ye>s1 we keep _m a remembrance1 my daught] & ,i4 ,travel+ conditions 7 extraord9>ily difficult2 we 7 (t5 n sure ( be+ able to press =w>d1 to say no?+ ( ! unc]ta9ty ( f9d+ lodg+s & food4 ,h[ev]1 ?+s always end$ 9 arrang+ !mselves1 ?anks to our p]si/5ce & to ! good w we met4 ,:]ev] we w5t ,i _h to look aft] ea* detail myself & see innum]able milit>y *iefs to obta9 passes & p]missions = transportation4 ,_m a "t ,i load$ my app>atus on to ! tra9 myself1 ) ! help ( ! employees1 to make sure t x w\ld g =w>d in/ead ( rema9+ beh9d sev]al days at ! /ation4 ,& on arrival ,i also w5t to extract !m f ! encumb]$ /ation4 ,:5 ,i travel$ ) ! radiologic c>1 o!r problems pres5t$ !mselves4 ,i _h1 = in/ance1 to f9d safe places = ! c>1 to get lodg+s = ! assi/ants & to secure ! automobile accessories4 ,s9ce *auffeurs 7 sc>ce1 ,i le>n$ to drive ! c>1 & did x :5 necess>y4 ,ow+ to all ?is p]sonal sup]vision1 my in/allations 7 usually swiftly made1 :]eas appeal to ! ,c5tral ,heal? ,s]vice 0 answ]$ sl[ly4 ,s ! milit>y *iefs greatly appreciat$ ! assi/ance !y c\ld get f me1 especially 9 cases ( urg5t ne$4 ,we bo?1 my daught] & myself1 h pleasant & grateful memories ( ! p]sonnel ( ! hospitals1 & 7 on ! be/ t]ms ) ! surgeons & nurses4 ,"o c\ld n b admire ^! m5 & wom5 :o 7 giv+ _! s]vices )\t c\nt+1 & ^: task 0 (t5 ov]:elm+4 ,our collaboration 0 easy1 = my daught] & ,i tri$ to "w 9 _! _s2 & we felt t we 7 /&+ side by side ) fri5ds4 ,:ile we 7 atta*$ to ! ,belgian ,ambulance ,s]vice1 we 7 pres5t sev]al times dur+ visits ( ,k+ ,alb]t & ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,we appreciat$ deeply _! devotion1 _! solicitude = ! w\nd$1 _! extreme simplicity1 & ! cordiality ( _! behavior4 ,b no?+ 0 s mov+ z to be ) ! w\nd$ & to take c>e ( !m4 ,we 7 drawn to !m because ( _! suff]+ & because ( ! pati5ce ) :i* !y bore x4 ,almo/ ev]yone did 8 be/ to facilitate ! ,x-ray exam9ation1 not)/&+ ! pa9 caus$ by any displacem5t4 ,"o le>n$ v soon to "k !m individually & to ex*ange ) !m a few fri5dly words4 ,^? :o 7 n famili> ) ! exam9ation1 want$ v mu* to be reassur$ ab\t ! effect ( ! /range app>atus !y 7 go+ to exp]i5ce4 ,i c nev] =get ! t]rible impression ( all t de/ruction ( human life & heal?4 ,to hate ! v idea ( w>1 x ought to be suffici5t to see once :at ,i h se5 s _m times1 all ?r\gh ^? ye>s3 m5 & boys br\ght to ! advanc$ ambulance 9 a mixture ( mud & blood1 _m ( !m dy+ ( _! injuries1 _m o!rs recov]+ b sl[ly ?r\gh mon?s ( pa9 & suff]+4 ,"o ( my difficult problems 0 to f9d ! necess>y tra9$ assi/ants to op]ate my app>atus4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> !re 0 little k ( radiology1 & app>atus 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o did n und]/& h[ to h&le x det]iorat$ quickly & 0 soon useless4 ,! practice ( radiology 9 mo/ hospitals 9 w>-"t does n require mu* m$ical k2 x c be suffici5tly grasp$ by intellig5t p]sons :o "k h[ to /udy & :o h "s notion ( electrical ma*9]y4 ,pr(essors1 eng9e]s1 or univ]sity /ud5ts (t5 made good manipulators4 ,i _h to look = ^? :o 7 tempor>ily free f milit>y s]vice1 or :o happ5$ to be /ation$ 9 ! locality :]e ,i ne$$ !m4 ,b ev5 aft] ,i _h secur$ !m1 ^! op]ators 7 (t5 transf]r$ by milit>y ord]s1 & ,i _h to se>* aga9 = o!rs to fill _! places4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i det]m9$ to tra9 wom5 to d ?is "w4 ,accord+ly1 ,i propos$ to ! ,heal? ,s]vice to add a dep>tm5t ( radiology to ! ,nurses' ,s*ool :i* _h j be5 f\nd$ at ! ,edi? ,cavell ,hospital4 ,?is !y agre$ to d4 ,& s1 9 #aiaf1 ! c\rse 0 organiz$ at ! ,radium ,in/itute1 & provid$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>s ( w> = ! tra9+ ( "o hundr$ & fifty op]ators4 ,mo/ ( ! pupils :o appli$ _h only an elem5t>y education1 b c\ld succe$ if work+ 9 a prop] way4 ,! c\rse compris$ !oretical /udies & v ext5d$ practical tra9+2 x includ$ also "s in/ruction 9 anatomy4 ,x 0 giv5 by a few p]sons ( good w1 among !m my daught]4 ,our graduates =m$ an excell5t p]sonnel v g5u9ely appreciat$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,heal?4 ,!oretically1 !y 7 suppos$ to s]ve z aides to physicians1 b sev]al ( !m prov$ capable ( indep5d5t "w4 ,my cont9u$ & v>i\s exp]i5ce 9 w> radiology gave me a wide k ( t subject1 :i* ,i felt %\ld be made m famili> to ! public4 ,s ,i wrote a small book call$ ,radiology & ! ,w>1 9 :i* ,i aim$ to demon/rate ! vital importance ( radiology & to comp>e its developm5t dur+ w> "t ) its use 9 ! previ\s "t ( peace4 ,i come n[ to ! acc\nt ( ! f\nd+ ( ! s]vice ( radium!rapy at ! ,radium ,in/itute4 ,9 #aiae1 ! radium1 :i* _h be5 safely deposit$ 9 ,bordeaux1 0 br\ght back to ,p>is1 & n hav+ "t = regul> sci5tific rese>*1 ,i decid$ to use x to cure ! w\nd$1 )\t1 h[ev]1 risk+ ! loss ( ?is preci\s mat]ial4 ,i proce$$ to place at ! disposal ( ! ,heal? ,s]vice n ! radium itself1 b ! emanation :i* c be obta9$ f x at regul> int]vals4 ,! te*nique ( ! use ( ! emanation c readily be employ$ 9 ! l>g] radium!rapy in/itutes1 &1 9 _m ways1 is m practicable ?an ! direct use ( radium4 ,9 ,france1 h[ev]1 !re 0 no national in/itute ( radium!rapy1 & ! emanation 0 n us$ 9 hospitals4 ,i (f]$ to furni% regul>ly to ! ,heal? ,s]vice bulbs ( radium emanation4 ,! (f] 0 accept$1 & ! ,emanation ,s]vice1 />t$ 9 #aiaf1 0 cont9u$ until ! end ( ! w> & ev5 long]4 ,hav+ no assi/ants1 ,i _h1 = a long "t1 to prep>e ^! emanation bulbs alone1 & _! prep>ation is v delicate4 ,numb]s ( w\nd$ & sick1 milit>y & civil1 7 treat$ by means ( ^! bulbs4 ,dur+ ! bomb>dm5t ( ,p>is1 ! ,heal? ,bo>d took special measures to protect f %ells ! laboratory 9 :i* ! bulbs 7 prep>$4 ,s9ce ! h&l+ ( radium is f> f be+ free ( dang] 7sev]al times ,i h felt a discom=t :i* ,i consid] a result ( ?is cause71 measures 7 tak5 to prev5t h>mful effects ( ! rays on ! p]sons prep>+ emanation4 ,:ile ! "w 9 connection ) ! hospitals rema9$ my major int]e/1 ,i _h _m o!r preoccupations dur+ ! w>4 ,aft] ! failure ( ! ,g]man (f5sive 9 ! summ] ( #aiah1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,italian gov]nm5t1 ,i w5t to ,italy to /udy ! "q ( h] natural res\rces 9 radioactive mat]ials4 ,i rema9$ a mon? & 0 able to obta9 c]ta9 results 9 int]e/+ ! public au?orities 9 ! importance ( ?is new subject4 ,x 0 9 #aiae t ,i _h to move my laboratory to ! new build+ 9 ! rue ,pi]re ,curie4 ,?is 0 a try+ & complicat$ exp]i5ce1 = :i*1 once m1 ,i _h no money nor any help4 ,s x 0 only betwe5 my j\rneys t ,i 0 able1 little by little1 to d ! transportation ( my laboratory equipm5t1 9 my radiologic c>s4 ,aft]w>ds1 ,i _h mu* "w 9 classify+ & di/ribut+ my mat]ials1 & arrang+ ! new place 9 g5]al1 ) ! help ( my daught] & ( my me*anic1 :o1 un=tunately1 0 (t5 ill4 ,"o ( my fir/ c>es 0 to h trees plant$ 9 ! limit$ gr\nds ( my laboratory4 ,i feel x v necess>y = ! eyes to h ! com=t ( fre% leaves 9 spr+ & summ] "t4 ,s ,i tri$ to make ?+s pleasant = ^? :o 7 to "w 9 ! new build+4 ,we plant$ a few lime trees & plane trees1 z _m z !re 0 room =1 & did n =get fl[]b$s & roses4 ,i well rememb] ! fir/ day ( bomb>dm5t ( ,p>is ) ! big ,g]man gun2 we _h gone1 9 ! e>ly morn+1 to ! fl[]-m>ket1 & sp5t all t day busy ) our plantation1 :ile a few %ells fell 9 ! vic9ity4 ,9 spite ( ! great difficulties1 ! new laboratory 0 organiz$ little by little1 & ,i _h ! satisfaction ( hav+ x q ready = ! beg9n+ ( ! s*ool-ye> #aiai-bj1 ! p]iod ( demobilization4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiai1 ,i organiz$ special c\rses = "s ,am]ican soldi] /ud5ts1 :o also /udi$ ) mu* zeal ! practical ex]cises direct$ by my daught]4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,corps4 ,mme4 ,curie in/ruct+ ,am]ican soldi]s 9 h] ,p>is laboratory4 ,! entire p]iod ( ! w> 0 = me1 z = _m o!rs1 a p]iod ( great fatigue4 ,i took almo/ no vacation1 except = a few days1 n[ & !n1 :5 ,i w5t to see my daught]s on _! holidays4 ,my old] daught] w\ld sc>cely take any1 & ,i 0 oblig$ to s5d h] away sometimes to pres]ve h] heal?4 ,%e 0 cont9u+ h] /udies 9 ! ,sorbonne1 & besides1 z said be=e1 0 help+ me ) my w> "w1 :ile ! y\ng] daught] 0 /ill 9 ! prep>atory college4 ,nei!r ( !m wi%$ to leave ,p>is dur+ ! bomb>dm5t4 ,aft] m ?an f\r ye>s ( a w> :i* caus$ ravages )\t prec$5t1 ! armi/ice came at la/1 9 ! autumn ( #aiah1 foll[$ by labori\s ef=ts to re/abli% peace1 :i* is n yet g5]al nor complete4 ,x 0 a great relief to ,france to see ! end ( t d>k p]iod ( cruel losses4 ,b ! griefs are too rec5t & life /ill too h>d = calm & happ9ess yet to be re/or$4 ,nev]!less1 a great joy came to me z a consequ5ce ( ! victory obta9$ by ! sacrifice ( s _m human lives4 ,i _h liv$1 ?\gh ,i _h sc>cely expect$ x1 to see ! rep>ation ( m ?an a c5tury ( inju/ice t _h be5 done to ,pol&1 my native c\ntry1 & t _h kept h] 9 slav]y1 h] t]ritories & p divid$ among h] enemies4 ,x 0 a des]v$ resurrection = ! ,poli% nation1 :i* %[$ h]self fai?ful to h] national memories dur+ ! long p]iod ( oppression1 almo/ )\t hope4 ,! dream t appe>$ s difficult to realize1 al?\gh s de>1 became a reality foll[+ ! /orm t swept ov] ,europe4 ,9 ^! new conditions ,i w5t to ,w>saw & saw my family aga91 aft] _m ye>s ( sep>ation1 9 ! capital ( free ,pol&4 ,b h[ difficult are ! conditions ( life ( ! new ,poli% republic1 & h[ complicat$ is ! problem ( reorganization aft] s _m ye>s ( abnormal life6 ,9 ,france1 p>tly deva/at$ & suff]+ f ! loss ( s _m ( h] citiz5s1 ! difficulties creat$ by ! w> are n yet effac$1 & ! return to normal "w is be+ atta9$ only gradually4 ,! sci5tific laboratories feel ?is /ate ( affairs & ! same condition prevails = ! ,radium ,in/itute4 ,! v>i\s radiologic organizations creat$ dur+ ! w> /ill p>tially exi/4 ,! ,radiographic ,nurses' ,s*ool has be5 ma9ta9$ at ! reque/ ( ! ,bo>d ( ,heal?4 ,! emanation s]vice1 :i* c\ld n be ab&on$1 is also cont9u$ 9 a consid]ably enl>g$ =m4 ,x has pass$ "u ! direction ( ,doctor ,regaud1 ,director ( ! ,pa/eur ,laboratory ( ! ,radium ,in/itute1 & is develop+ into a great national s]vice ( radium!rapy4 ,! "w ( ! laboratory has be5 reorganiz$1 ) ! return ( ! mobiliz$ p]sonnel & ! /ud5ts4 ,b 9 ! re/ra9$ circum/ances "u :i* ! c\ntry /ill exi/s1 ! laboratory lacks ways & means = its effici5t developm5t4 ,p>ticul>ly are want$ an indep5d5t hospital = radium!rapy 7:i* is call$ ,curie!rapy 9 ,france71 & an exp]im5tal /ation1 outside ( ,p>is1 = exp]im5ts on great quantities ( mat]ial1 su* z are ne$$ = ! progress ( our k ( radioactive elem5ts4 ,i myself am no long] "y1 & ,i frequ5tly ask myself :e!r1 9 spite ( rec5t ef=ts ( ! gov]nm5t aid$ by "s private donations1 ,i %all ev] succe$ 9 build+ up = ^? :o w come aft] me an ,in/itute ( ,radium1 su* z ,i wi% to ! memory ( ,pi]re ,curie & to ! highe/ int]e/ ( humanity4 ,h[ev]1 a preci\s enc\ragem5t came to me 9 ! ye> #aiba4 ,on ! initiative ( a g5]\s daught] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,b4 ,meloney1 ! wom5 ( t great ,am]ican c\ntry collect$ a fund1 ! ,m>ie ,curie ,radium ,fund1 & (f]$ me ! gift ( a gramme ( radium to be plac$ entirely at my disposal = sci5tific rese>*4 ,mrs4 ,meloney invit$ me ) my daught]s to come to ,am]ica & to receive ! gift1 or ! symbol ( x1 f ! h&s ( ! ,presid5t ( ! great republic1 at ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,! fund 0 collect$ by a public subscription1 z well by small z by important gifts1 & ,i 0 v ?ankful to my si/]s ( ,am]ica = ?is g5u9e pro( ( _! affection4 ,s ,i />t$ = ,new ,york at ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 aft] a c]emony giv5 9 my honor at ! ,op]a ( ,p>is1 to greet me be=e my dep>t+4 ,i keep a grateful memory ( my soj\rn 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = sev]al weeks1 ( ! impressive reception at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 :]e ,presid5t ,h>d+ address$ me 9 g5]\s & affectionate words1 ( my visits to ! univ]sities & colleges :i* welcom$ me & be/[$ on me _! honor>y degrees1 ( ! public reunions :]e ,i c\ld n b feel ! deep sympa?y ( ^? :o came to meet me & to wi% me good luck4 ,illu/ration3 ,h5ri ,manuel1 ,p>is4 ,madame ,curie 9 h] laboratory at ! ,in/itut ,curie1 ,p>is4 ,i _h also ! opportunity ( a visit to ! ,niag>a ,falls & to ! ,gr& ,canyon1 & admir$ imm5sely ^! m>vel\s creations ( nature4 ,unhappily1 ! prec>i\s /ate ( my heal? did n p]mit ( ! complete fulfilm5t ( ! g5]al plan e/abli%$ by my visit to ,am]ica4 ,h[ev]1 ,i saw & le>n$ mu*1 & my daught]s enjoy$ to a full ext5t ! opportunities ( _! unexpect$ vacation & ! pride 9 ! recognition ( _! "m's "w4 ,we left = ,europe at ! end ( ,june1 ) ! real sorr[ ( p>t+ f excell5t fri5ds :om we w\ld n =get4 ,i came back to my "w1 made easi] by ! preci\s gift1 ) an ev5 /rong] desire to c>ry x =w>d ) r5ew$ c\rage4 ,b z my aims are /ill want+ support 9 ess5tial p>ts1 ,i am frequ5tly compell$ to give ?\ght to a v fundam5tal "q conc]n+ ! view a sci5ti/ ought to take ( 8 discov]y4 ,my husb&1 z well z myself1 always refus$ to draw f our discov]y any mat]ial pr(it4 ,we h publi%$1 s9ce ! beg9n+1 )\t any res]ve1 ! process t we us$ to prep>e ! radium4 ,we took out no pat5t & we did n res]ve any advantage 9 any indu/rial exploitation4 ,no detail 0 kept secret1 & x is due to ! in=mation we gave 9 our publications t ! indu/ry ( radium has be5 rapidly develop$4 ,up to ! pres5t "t ?is indu/ry h>dly uses any me?ods except ^? e/abli%$ by u4 ,! treatm5t ( ! m9]als & ! fractional cry/allizations are /ill p]=m$ 9 ! same way1 z ,i did x 9 my laboratory1 ev5 if ! mat]ial means are increas$4 ,z = ! radium prep>$ by me out ( ! ore we manag$ to obta9 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( our "w1 ,i h giv5 x all to my laboratory4 ,! price ( radium is v high s9ce x is f\nd 9 m9]als 9 v small quantities1 & ! pr(its ( its manufacture h be5 great1 z ?is sub/ance is us$ to cure a numb] ( diseases4 ,s x is a =tune :i* we h sacrific$ 9 r5\nc+ ! exploitation ( our discov]y1 a =tune t c\ld1 aft] u1 h gone to our *ildr54 ,b :at is ev5 m to be consid]$ is ! objection ( _m ( our fri5ds1 :o h argu$1 n )\t reason1 t if we _h gu>ante$ our rights1 we c\ld h _h ! f9ancial means ( f\nd+ a satisfactory ,in/itute ( ,radium1 )\t exp]i5c+ any ( ! difficulties t h be5 su* a h&icap to bo? ( u1 & are /ill a h&icap to me4 ,yet1 ,i /ill believe t we h done "r4 ,humanity1 surely1 ne$s practical m5 :o make ! be/ ( _! "w = ! sake ( _! own int]e/s1 )\t =gett+ ! g5]al int]e/4 ,b x also ne$s dream]s1 = :om ! unselfi% foll[+ ( a purpose is s imp]ative t x becomes impossible = !m to devote mu* att5tion to _! own mat]ial b5efit4 ,no d\bt x c\ld be said t ^! ideali/s d n des]ve ri*es s9ce !y d n h ! desire = !m4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t a society well organiz$ ought to assure to ^! work]s ! means = effici5t labor1 9 a life f :i* mat]ial c>e is exclud$ s t ?is life may be freely devot$ to ! s]vice ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,am]ica ,my beautiful voyage to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica result$1 z is kn[n1 f ! g5]\s initiative ( an ,am]ican woman1 ,mrs4 ,meloney1 editor ( an important magaz9e1 ! ,del9eator1 :o1 hav+ plann$ ! gift ( a gramme ( radium to me by h] c\ntrywom51 succe$$ 9 a few mon?s 9 br++ ?is plan to execution1 & ask$ me to come ov] & receive ! gift p]sonally4 ,! idea 0 t ! gift w\ld come exclusively f ! ,am]ican wom54 ,a committee includ+ sev]al prom95t wom5 & di/+ui%$ sci5tific m5 receiv$ "s important gifts1 & made an appeal = a public subscription1 to :i* a great numb] ( wom5's organizations1 especially colleges & clubs1 respond$4 ,9 _m cases gifts came f p]sons :o _h exp]i5c$ ! b5efit ( radium!rapy4 ,9 ?is way 0 collect$ ! ,m>ie ,curie ,radium ,fund ( m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s = ! pur*ase ( a gramme ( radium4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mr4 ,h>d+1 k9dly agre$ to deliv] ! gift 9 a c]emony at ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,! ,committee invit$ me & my daught]s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,may1 & ev5 ?\gh x 0 n vacation "t = me1 ,i accept$ ! invitation ) ! cons5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,all c>e ( ! voyage 0 tak5 away f me4 ,mrs4 ,meloney came to ,france 9 "t to be pres5t at a manife/ation organiz$ on ! #bh? ( ,april 9 favor ( ! ,radium ,in/itute ( ,p>is by ! magaz9e ,je ,sais ,t\t1 & accompani$ by s9c]e expressions ( sympa?y = ! ,am]ican nation4 ,on ,may #d?1 we took passage at ,*]b\rg on ! ,olympic = ,new ,york4 ,! program ( my voyage prep>$ by ! ,committee seem$ v intimidat+4 ,x 0 ann\nc$ t ,i w\ld n only att5d ! c]emony at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 b also visit _m univ]sities & colleges 9 sev]al t[ns4 ,"s ( ^! in/itutions _h contribut$ to ! ,fund2 all desir$ to (f] me honors4 ,! vitality & ! activity ( ! ,am]ican nation produces programs on a l>ge scale4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! wid5ess ( ! c\ntry has develop$ 9 ,am]ican citiz5s ! cu/om ( long travel4 ,b dur+ all t travel ,i 0 protect$ ) ! greate/ c>e1 9 ord] to light5 z f> z possible ! inevitable fatigue ( ! voyage & ! receptions4 ,am]ica n only gave me a g5]\s welcome1 b also true fri5ds :om ,i c\ld n ?ank en\gh = _! k9dness & _! devotion4 ,aft] hav+ admir$ ! gr& view ( ! h>bors ( ,new ,york1 & hav+ be5 greet$ by gr\ps ( /ud5ts1 ,girl ,sc\ts1 & ,poli% delegates1 & welcom$ by _m gifts ( fl[]s1 we took possession ( a peaceful ap>tm5t 9 t[n4 ,! foll[+ day ,i made ! acqua9tance ( ! ,reception ,committee at a lun*eon giv5 by ,mrs4 ,c>negie 9 h] beautiful home /ill fill$ ) memories ( h] husb&1 ,&rew ,c>negie1 ^: philan?ropic a*ievem5ts are well kn[n 9 ,france4 ,! foll[+ day we w5t = a visit ( a few days to ,smi? ,college1 & ,vass> ,college1 a few h\rs f ,new ,york4 ,lat] ,i also visit$ ! colleges ( ,bryn ,mawr & ,wellesley1 & ,i saw "s o!rs on my way4 ,^! colleges1 or univ]sities = wom51 are v *>act]i/ic ( ,am]ican life & culture4 ,my %ort visit c\ld n p]mit me to give an au?oriz$ op9ion on ! intellectual tra9+1 b ev5 9 su* a visit z ,i made "o may notice important diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ,am]ican conception ( girls' education1 & "s ( ^! diff]5ces w\ld n be 9 favor ( our c\ntry4 ,two po9ts h p>ticul>ly drawn my att5tion3 ! c>e ( ! heal? & ! physical developm5t ( ! /ud5ts1 & ! v indep5d5t organization ( _! life :i* all[s a l>ge degree ( individual initiative4 ,! colleges are excell5t 9 _! con/ruction & organization4 ,!y are compos$ ( sev]al build+s1 (t5 scatt]$ 9 v l>ge gr\nds betwe5 lawns & trees4 ,smi? is on ! %ore ( a *>m+ riv]4 ,! equipm5t is com=table & hygi5ic1 ( extreme cleanl9ess1 ) ba?rooms1 %[]s1 di/ribution ( cold & hot wat]4 ,! /ud5ts h *e]ful private rooms & common ga!r+ rooms4 ,a v complete organization ( games & sports exi/s 9 e college4 ,! /ud5ts play t5nis & baseball2 !y h gymnasium1 canoe+1 swimm+1 & horseback rid+4 ,_! heal? is "u ! con/ant c>e ( m$ical advis]s4 ,x seems to be a frequ5t op9ion ( ,am]ican mo!rs t ! exi/+ atmosph]e ( cities l ,new ,york is n favorable to ! education ( "y girls1 & t a life 9 ! c\ntry 9 ! op5 air gives m suitable conditions = ! heal? & ! tranquillity ( /udy+4 ,9 e college ! "y girls =m an association & elect a committee :i* has to e/abli% ! int]nal rules ( ! college4 ,! /ud5ts display a great activity3 !y take "p 9 educational "w2 !y publi% a pap]2 !y are devot$ to songs & music2 !y write plays1 & act !m 9 college & out ( x4 ,^! plays h int]e/$ me v mu* 9 _! subjects & ! execution4 ,! /ud5ts are also ( diff]5t social conditions4 ,_m ( !m are ( weal?y families1 b _m o!rs live on s*ol>%ips4 ,! :ole organization may be consid]$ z democratic4 ,a few /ud5ts are =eign]s1 & we h met "s ,fr5* /ud5ts v well pleas$ ) ! college life & ! /udies4 ,e college takes f\r ye>s ( /udy ) exam9ations f "t to "t4 ,"s /ud5ts aft]w>ds d p]sonal "w1 & acquire ! degree ( ,doctor1 :i* does n exactly correspond to ! same title 9 ,france4 ,! colleges h laboratories ) _m good facilities = exp]im5tation4 ,i h be5 /rongly impress$ by ! joy ( life animat+ ^! "y girls & exp&+ on e occasion1 l t ( "o ( my visit4 ,if ! c]emonies ( ! reception 7 p]=m$ 9 a ne>ly milit>y ord]1 a spontaneity ( y\? & happ9ess express$ itself 9 ! songs ( greet+ compos$ by ! /ud5ts1 9 ! smil+ & excit$ faces1 & 9 ! ru%+ ov] ! lawns to greet me at my arrival4 ,?is 0 inde$ a *>m+ impression :i* ,i c\ld n =get4 ,back 9 ,new ,york1 sev]al c]emonies await$ me be=e my leav+ = ,wa%+ton4 ,a lun*eon ( ! ,*emi/s1 a reception at ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory & ! ,m9]alogical ,club1 a d9n] at ! ,in/itute ( ,social ,sci5ces1 & a great meet+ at ,c>negie ,hall1 :]e _m delegations repres5t$ ! faculties & /ud5ts ( wom5's colleges & univ]sities4 ,at all ^! receptions ,i 0 greet$ 9 w>m addresses by prom95t m5 & wom51 & ,i receiv$ honors v preci\s to me because ( ! s9c]ity ( ! giv]s4 ,nei!r has ! "p ( national fri5d%ips be5 =gott52 ! address ( ,vice-,presid5t ,coolidge 0 a noble recognition ( ! pa/ :]e ,fr5* & ,poli% citiz5s h be5 helpful to ! "y ,am]ican ,republic1 & is also a /atem5t ( frat]nity /r5g!n$ by ! tempe/ ( ! la/ ye>s4 ,x 0 9 ?is atmosph]e ( affection creat$ by ! conv]g5ce ( intellectual & social sympa?ies t !re took place on ,may #bj? ! beautiful c]emony at ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,x 0 a deeply mov+ c]emony 9 all its simplicity1 occurr+ be=e a democratic ga!r+ includ+ ! ,presid5t & ,mrs4 ,h>d+1 cab9et (fic]s1 ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 high (fic]s ( ,army & ,navy1 =eign diplomats1 repres5tatives ( wom5's clubs & societies1 & prom95t citiz5s ( ,wa%+ton & o!r cities4 ,x compris$ a %ort pres5tation by ! ,fr5* ambassador1 ,m4 ,juss]&1 a spee* by ,mrs4 ,meloney = ! ,am]ican wom51 ! address ( ,presid5t ,h>d+1 a few words ( gratitude said by me1 a defile ( ! gue/s1 & a gr\p picture = a s\v5ir1 all ?is 9 ! admirable sett+ ( ! ,:ite ,h\se1 peaceful & dignifi$1 :ite inde$ betwe5 its gre5 lawns ) wide prospects on t beautiful aft]noon ( ,may4 ,a remembrance nev] to be =gott5 0 left by ?is reception 9 :i* ! *ief repres5tative ( a great nation (f]$ me homage ( inf9ite value1 ! te/imonial ( ! recognition ( 8 c\ntry's citiz5s4 ,! address ( ! ,presid5t _h be5 inspir$ by ! same s5tim5ts z t ( ,vice-,presid5t ,coolidge1 z f> z conc]n$ 8 appreciation ( ,france & ,pol&4 ,?is address gave also an expression ( ! ,am]ican feel+ :i* 0 emphasiz$ by an exceptional solemnity 9 ! deliv]+ ( ! gift4 ,illu/ration3 ,copyright ,int]national4 ,mme4 ,curie & ,presid5t ,h>d+ at ! ,:ite ,h\se1 ,may #bj1 #aiba1 :5 a gram ( radium 0 pres5t$ to its discov]] by ! wom5 ( ,am]ica4 ,! ,am]ican nation is g5]\s1 & always ready to appreciate an action inspir$ by consid]ations ( g5]al int]e/4 ,if ! discov]y ( radium has s mu* sympa?y 9 ,am]ica1 x is n only because ( its sci5tific value1 & ( ! importance ( m$ical utilization2 x is also because ! discov]y has be5 giv5 to humanity )\t res]vation or mat]ial b5efits to ! discov]]s4 ,our ,am]ican fri5ds want$ to honor ?is _s animat+ ! ,fr5* sci5ce4 ,! radium itself 0 n br\ght to ! c]emony4 ,! ,presid5t pres5t$ me ) ! symbol ( ! gift1 a small gold5 key op5+ ! casket devis$ = ! transportation ( ! radium4 ,our soj\rn at ,wa%+ton foll[+ ! pr9cipal c]emony includ$ a v agreeable reception at ! ,fr5* ,embassy & ! ,poli% ,legation1 a reception at ! ,national ,museum1 & "s laboratory visits4 ,! it9]>y ( our j\rney f ,wa%+ton includ$ visits to ! cities ( ,philadelphia1 ,pittsburgh1 ,*icago1 ,buffalo1 ,bo/on1 & ,new ,hav51 a visit to ! ,gr& ,canyon1 & to ,niag>a ,falls4 ,on t trip ,i 0 ! gue/ ( sev]al univ]sities :i* did me ! honor ( be/[+ honor>y degrees on me4 ,i h to ?ank = ^! ! univ]sities ( ,p5nsylvania1 ( ,pittsburgh1 ( ,*icago1 ! ,nor?we/]n ,univ]sity1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,yale ,univ]sity1 ! ,wom5's ,m$ical ,college ( ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,smi? ,college1 & ,wellesley ,college1 :ile ,i ?ank ,h>v>d ,univ]sity = h] reception4 ,! deliv]y ( honor>y degrees 9 ,am]ican univ]sities is accompani$ by solemnities4 ,9 pr9ciple1 ! pres5ce ( ! c&idate is requir$1 & ! deliv]y takes place at ! annual comm5cem5t1 b1 9 "s cases1 special c]emonies 7 organiz$ 9 my favor4 ,! univ]sity c]emonies 9 ,am]ica are m frequ5t ?an 9 ,france1 & play a m important "p 9 ! univ]sity life4 ,especially is ?is true at ! annual comm5cem5t1 :i* beg9s ) an academic procession ov] ! gr\nds ( ! univ]sity1 ! procession includ+ ! (ficials1 ! pr(essors1 & graduates 9 academic caps & g[ns4 ,aft]w>ds all assemble 9 a hall :]e are ann\nc$ ! diplomas correspond+ to ! grades ( ba*elor1 ma/]1 & doctor4 ,!re is always a musical "p 9 ! program1 & addresses are deliv]$ by ! (ficials ( ! univ]sity or invit$ orators4 ,^! addresses are naturally devot$ to dignify+ ! ideals & ! humanit>ian purposes ( education2 b 9 c]ta9 cases x seems p]mitt$ to introduc$ po9t ( ,am]ican humor4 ,^! c]emonies are on ! :ole v impressive1 & c]ta9ly contribute to keep a bond betwe5 ! univ]sity & ! alumni4 ,?is is a favorable circum/ance = ^? great ,am]ican univ]sities :i* are su/a9$ entirely on private f\ndations4 ,x is only 9 m rec5t times t mo/ ,/ates h creat$ univ]sities support$ by ! ,/ate4 ,at ,yale ,univ]sity ,i _h ! pleasure ( repres5t+ ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is at ! inauguration ( ,presid5t ,angell1 f\rte5? presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,i 0 also pleas$ to att5d at ,philadelphia a meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society & a meet+ ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 & at ,*icago a meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,*emical ,society at :i* ,i deliv]$ a lecture on ! ,discov]y ( ,radium4 ,! m$als ( ,john ,scott1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 & ,will>d ,gibbs h be5 pres5t$ to me by ^! societies4 ,sev]al meet+s organiz$ 9 my honor by ! ,am]ican wom5's organizations h p>ticul>ly int]e/$ ! ,am]ican public4 ,i h already m5tion$ ! meet+ ( ! ,univ]sity ,wom5 at ,c>negie ,hall ( ,new ,york2 a simil> meet+ 0 held at ,*icago1 :]e ,i 0 also receiv$ by ! ,association ( ,poli% ,wom54 ,i 0 also greet$ by wom5's organizations 9 ! ,c>negie ,in/itute ( ,pittsburgh1 & by a delegation ( ,canadian univ]sity wom5 at ,buffalo4 ,9 all ^! meet+s x 0 impossible n to recognize ! s9c]ity ( ! emotion 9 ! wom5 :o gave me _! be/ wi%es1 at ! same "t express+ _! confid5ce 9 ! future ( fem99e intellig5ce & activity4 ,i did n feel any opposition betwe5 ^! fem9i/ic aspirations & ! mascul9e op9ion4 ,z f> z ,i c\ld notice1 ! m5 9 ,am]ica approve ( ^! aspirations & enc\rage !m4 ,?is is a v favorable condition = ! social activity ( ! ,am]ican wom5 :i* reveals itself 9 a /rong int]e/ 9 "w = education1 = hygi5e1 & = ! improvem5t ( conditions ( labor4 ,b any o!r unselfi% purpose may rely on _! support1 z is prov$ by ! success ( ,mrs4 ,meloney's plan1 & by ! sympa?y ?is plan enc\nt]$ 9 wom5 ( all social conditions4 ,i c\ld n1 to my deep regret1 give "t en\gh to ! visit to laboratories & sci5tific in/itutes4 ,^! too brief visits 7 ( great int]e/ to me4 ,i f\nd ev]y:]e ! greate/ c>e = develop+ sci5tific activity & = improv+ ! facilities4 ,new laboratories are 9 build+1 & 9 old] laboratories v mod]n equipm5t may be f\nd4 ,! available room nev] gives t impression ( insuffici5cy f :i* we suff] too (t5 9 ,france4 ,! means are provid$ by private initiative express$ 9 gifts & f\ndations ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,!re exi/s also a ,national ,c\ncil ( ,rese>* e/abli%$ by private funds = /imulat+ & improv+ sci5tific "w1 & = assur+ its connection ) indu/ry4 ,i h visit$ ) special int]e/ ! ,bureau ( ,/&>ds1 a v important national in/itution at ,wa%+ton = sci5tific measurem5ts & = /udy connect$ ) !m4 ,! tubes ( radium pres5t$ to me 7 at ! ,bureau1 ^: (ficials _h k9dly (f]$ to make ! measurem5ts1 & to take c>e ( ! pack+ & deliv]y to ! %ip4 ,a new laboratory has be5 creat$ at ,wa%+ton = rese>*es on v l[ temp]atures ) ! use ( liquid hydrog5 & liquid helium4 ,i _h ! honor ( d$icat+ ?is laboratory to its s]vice4 ,i _h ! great pleasure ( meet+ 9 _! laboratories sev]al v important ,am]ican sci5tific m54 ,! h\rs ,i sp5t 9 _! company are among ! be/ ( my travel4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates possesses sev]al hospitals = radium!rapy4 ,^! hospitals are g5]ally provid$ ) laboratories = ! extraction ( radium emanation :i* is seal$ up 9 small tubes = m$ical use4 ,^! in/itutions own important quantities ( radium1 h a v good equipm5t1 & treat a great numb] ( pati5ts4 ,i h visit$ "s ( !m1 & ?is made me feel m deeply1 if possible1 ! regret ( n hav+ 9 ,france ev5 "o national in/itute capable ( r5d]+ ! same s]vices4 ,i hope t ?is lack w be fill$ 9 ! ne> future4 ,! indu/ry ( radium has be5 />t$ 9 ,france1 b x is 9 ,am]ica t x has _h its greate/ developm5t1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( a suffici5t supply ( ! ore c>notite4#ae ,i 0 v mu* int]e/$ 9 my visit to ! mo/ important ( ! factories1 & ,i gladly recognize ! _s ( initiative 9 ?is und]tak+4 ,! factory owns a collection ( docum5t>y films :i* enable "o to appreciate ! ef=t made ea* day 9 collect+ ! ore scatt]$ 9 ! imm5se fields ( ,colorado1 9 c>ry+ & conc5trat+ ?is ore orig9ally v poor 9 radium4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! means ( extraction ( radium are /ill ! same :i* h be5 describ$ 9 e>li] *apt]s4 ,! greate/ c\rtesy 0 paid me 9 my visit to ! radium plant & laboratory4 ,i f\nd ! same reception at a factory ( meso?orium :i* pres5t$ me ) "s mat]ial1 & :]e ! (ficials express$ ! desire to help 9 my sci5tific "w4 ,to make complete ^! travel impressions x w\ld be necess>y to speak ( ! nature ( ! c\ntry4 ,i recoil be=e ! task1 be+ incapable ( express+ 9 a few words ! imm5sity & ! v>iety ( ! spaces :i* op5$ be=e my eyes4 ,! g5]al impression is "o ( unlimit$ possibilities = ! future4 ,i keep a p>ticul>ly vivid remembrance ( ! great falls ( ,niag>a1 & ( ! magnific5t colors ( ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,on ,june #bh? ,i emb>k$ 9 ,new ,york on ! same %ip :i* _h br\ght me to ! ,unit$ ,/ates less ?an two mon?s be=e4 ,i w\ld n take ! lib]ty1 aft] s %ort a p]iod ( "t1 ( giv+ an op9ion on ,am]ica & ! ,am]icans4 ,i w\ld only say h[ deeply ,i h be5 t\*$ by ! w>m reception :i* 0 t5d]$ ev]y:]e to me & my daught]s4 ,our ho/s want$ to make u feel t we 7 n ) /rang]s2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 _m ( !m assur$ me t !y felt 9 entirely fri5dly surr\nd+s :5 on ! soil ( ,france4 ,i got back to ,france ) a feel+ ( gratitude = ! preci\s gift ( ! ,am]ican wom51 & ) a feel+ ( affection = _! great c\ntry ti$ ) ours by a mutual sympa?y :i* gives confid5ce 9 a peaceful future = humanity4 ,footnote #ae3 ,q rec5tly !re has be5 />t$ ne> ,anv]/ an important radium indu/ry z a result ( ! discov]y ( uranium ore 9 ! ,belgian ,congo4