,illustration3 ,,dorothea ,,beale ,,from ,a ,,painting ,,by ,j4 ,j4 ,,shannon ,frontispiece ,,pioneers ,,of ,,progress ,,women ,,edited ,,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,barton ,,dorothea ,,beale ,,principal ,,of ,,the ,,cheltenham ,,ladies' ,,college #aheh-aijf ,,with ,,two ,,portraits ,,by ,,elizabeth ,h4 ,,shillito1 ,b4,a4 7,,lond47 ,,london ,,society ,,for ,,promoting ,,christian ,,knowledge ,,new ,,york3 ,,the ,,macmillan ,,company #aibj 8,some there are who go forth to their own life-work with the holy hands of the dead who live laid on their hearts1 who feel that they have a debt to repay1 who see a ray of life from afar cast upon all they do1 and bear about for ever a light within1 which they must pass on for the sake of the dead who live40 ,,edward ,,thring4 ,great ,souls who sail uncharted seas1 ,battling with hostile winds and tide1-- ,strong hands that forged forbidden keys1 ,and left the door behind them wide4 ,diggers for gold where most had failed1 ,smiling at deeds that brought them ,fame1-- ,lighters of lamps that have not failed-- ,lend us your oil1 and share your flame4 ,,to ,,dr4 ,,elsie ,,maud ,,inglis ,,whose ,,crimea ,,was ,,serbia1 ,,but ,,whose ,,post-,,war ,,work ,,is ,,in ,,another ,,world ,,synopsis ,,of ,,chapters4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,page ,discoveries and enterprises of the ,nineteenth ,century--,effect on the educational world--,girls' education in age of ,elizabeth and in ,nineteenth ,century--,protests against the latter--,pioneers of higher education--,our indebtedness to them #a ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,dorothea ,beale--,parentage--,mrs4 ,cornwallis and her daughter--,their influence on ,dorothea ,beale--,home life--,early education--,school life--,time of self-education--,attitude to games--,reading in early life--,euclid--,school in ,france--,some personal characteristics--,religious and other influences of home #d ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,history of ,queen's ,college--,early students--,rev4 ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice--,his opening address--,dorothea ,beale's attitude to teaching--,study and friendship at ,queen's ,college--,appointment there--,difficulties--,resignation--,imp etuosity of nature--,some inherent difficulties of women's life #aj ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,clergy ,daughters' ,school at ,casterton--,hasty acceptance of post there--,beautiful situation of school--,evils--,personal difficulties--,mr4 ,beale's letters--,dorothea ,beale's dress and appearance--,thoughts of resignation--,father's advice--,appeal to committee--,suspicions of ,high ,church tendencies--,determination to resign--,notice from committee--,acknowledged indebtedness to the school--,appreciation--,work at home--,history of ,england begun--,spartan habits--,some philanthropic work--,offer of service--,dawning conviction of real vocation--,her diary begun--,extracts--,time of waiting--,religious life and beliefs #af ,,chapter ,v4 ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college--,early history--,the first ,principals--,advertisement for new ,principal--,dorothea ,beale candidate--,tributes to character and ability--,alleged ,high ,church tendencies--,declaration of belief--,time of anxiety--,appointment as ,principal--,work at ,ladies' ,college--,personal appearance at this time--,rule of silence--,precarious financial position of school--,practice of economy--,question of renewing lease of ,cambray ,house--,mr4 ,brancker--,his wise policy and administration--,some reminiscences--,the ,fight against ignorance and prejudice--,dorothea ,beale's inspiring leadership #bg ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,blue ,book ,report on condition of girls' education--,dorothea ,beale's evidence and theories with regard to women as teachers2 effects of higher education on health2 idleness and health2 the teaching of music--,modern ideas on the teaching of this subject #ch ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,rearrangement of school hours at the ,ladies' ,college--,opposition met and overcome--,gradual breaking down of prejudice--,gossip and disloyalty--,dorothea ,beale's gift of inspiring loyalty--,miss ,belcher--,death of ,dorothea ,beale's father--,how she spent holidays--,singleness of aim--,idea of ,sisterhood of ,teachers--,expansion of ,cheltenham ,college--,opposition to a new building--,dr4 ,jex ,blake's plea--,farewell to ,cambray ,house--,continued growth--,college incorporated under ,companies' ,acts--,boarding houses made an intrinsic part of ,college--,defining of ,principal's powers--,cambray ,house again #dc ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,cheltenham ,college magazine started--,dorothea ,beale1 editor--,her 8silver wedding0--8,old ,girls'0 ,gift--,scheme of ,guild put forward and carried out--,emblem--,opening address--,dorothea ,beale's remembrance of former pupils--,miss ,newman's work--,continued after her death--,st4 ,hilda's1 ,oxford--,st4 ,hilda's1 ,east ,london--,dorothea ,beale's attitude to charitable enterprises #ea ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,a time of darkness--,effect on outlook and character--,some general interests--,freshness of outlook--,pundita ,ramabai--,interest in ,indian widows--,women policemen--,balfour's ,education ,act1 #aijb--;,attitude to prizes--,john ,ruskin and the ,ladies' ,college--,paris ,exhibitions--,another ,royal ,commission on ,education--,visits of ,empress ,frederick and ,princess ,henry of ,battenberg to ,college--,epidemic of smallpox--,dorothea ,beale and vaccination--,personal honours--,officier d',acadmie ,franaise1 ,tutor in ,letters of ,durham ,university1 ,corresponding member of ,national ,education ,association1 ,u4,s4,a41 ,freedom of ,borough of ,cheltenham1 ,,ll4,d4 ,edinburgh--,robes presented by staff--,three weeks' tour--,a brief interval of ill-health--,story of the ,shannon portrait--,college ,jubilee celebrations #eh ,,chapter ,x4 ,greatness of personality--,varied gifts--,prodigious power of work--,great organising capacity--,organisation of the ,ladies' ,college--,advice to teachers--,her sense of humour--,the tricycle learnt at #fg--;,her extreme sensitiveness--,power of sympathy--,her outlook that of a religious poet--,her ,scripture lessons--,her views on marriage--,tribute of the ,bishop of ,stepney #gj ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,signs of the end--,the last ,guild meeting--,the last term--,a journey to ,london--,the doctor's verdict--,operation--,waiting the call--,a morning of suspense--,laid to rest--,tributes to her character and work #ge ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,the modern world--,the need of work--,power of education--,supreme importance of home training--,responsibility of parents--,teaching as a vocation--,personal fitness--,different kinds of teaching--,elementary schools--,boarding schools--,demands of the work--,its joys and advantages--,the need of devoted teachers #gi ,,preface4 ,i should like to acknowledge my indebtedness to all who have helped me in the writing of this short biography3 especially to ,mrs4 ,raikes for her kind permission to use her 8,life of ,dorothea ,beale of ,cheltenham10 without which this book could not have been written2 also for her most generous help in many difficulties3 and to ,messrs4 ,constable1 the publishers1 for their kind consent4 ,it is impossible to name all who have so willingly helped me1 but ,i should like to mention ,miss ,a4 ,m4 ,andrews of ,cheltenham2 ,lieut-,colonel ,j4 ,f4 ,tarrant for his help in many ways2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,shannon for kindly allowing a reproduction of ,miss ,beale's portrait2 ,messrs4 ,martyn of ,cheltenham for their photograph2 8,the ,times10 ,messrs4 ,macmillan1 and other publishers1 who have permitted me to quote extracts from works which are still copyright4 ,e4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,introductory4 8,tho' they to-day are passed ,they marched in that procession where is no first or last40 --,,austin ,,dobson4 ,the story of the nineteenth century is one of wonder3 a story with ,romance written large on every page4 ,it is a tale of great discovery and enterprise in almost every sphere4 ,under the influence of its discoveries1 material life became transformed and new mental and spiritual horizons appeared4 ,the newly-acquired knowledge of forces like steam and electricity opened up to the world undreamed-of possibilities4 ,scientists at home and in distant places of the earth discovered truths that did much to reveal ,god's ways to men4 ,in the world of medicine new theories were applied to take from operations their dread1 and fatality from many diseases4 ,in literature it was a time of great riches3 an age equal to any1 not excepting the great ,elizabethan2 an age of prophets and seers1 of men and women expressing in singleness of heart the truth as it was revealed to them4 ,and those of us who already live at some distance can hardly imagine a time when ,scott and ,dickens1 ,browning and ,tennyson1 ,ruskin and ,carlyle1 ,george ,eliot and ,charlotte ,bront will not be held in high esteem by those who love the great1 the true1 and the beautiful in literature4 ,springing out of these discoveries and revelations there naturally arose a demand that the mind of man generally should be prepared to enjoy this new world4 ,dissatisfaction with existing methods of education began to be felt2 and humble people who were unable to read and write began to ask that they and their children should be taught4 ,the education of girls at this time was particularly unsatisfactory1 though it had not always been so4 ,in the age of ,elizabeth1 for example1 girls of the higher classes had received an excellent education4 ,it was customary then for girls to learn ,greek1 ,latin1 and ,hebrew1 and as ,mrs4 ,stopes points out in her interesting book on 8,sixteenth ,century ,women ,students10 the number of really learned women was very great4 ,i do not know when these ideals of education gave way to lower ones1 but readers of ,addison will remember that one of his aims in his ,spectator essays was to rescue women from the utter frivolity and emptiness of their lives4 ,how scathing he is in his description of the way in which ladies killed time6 when the buying of a ribbon was held to be a good morning's work6 ,in the early part of ,queen ,victoria's reign1 the education of girls was indeed deplorable4 ,an excessive amount of time was given to accomplishments and to the study of deportment2 the instruction consisted1 for the most part1 of a smattering of many subjects3 and the whole process of education was shallow and superficial4 ,if the women of that day developed--as many did--force of character and of intellect1 it was rather in spite of their education than because of it4 ,numbers of girls rose in revolt against this mental and spiritual starvation3 some managed to become well-educated without any outside help1 but to a great number this system meant either an utterly frivolous or extremely dull grown-up life4 ,many were the voices raised in protest against this lack of education4 ,and as one reads the literature of this time one is greatly struck by the number of men who pleaded for a different rgime3 not only leaders of thought1 like ,tennyson and ,ruskin1 but ordinary men of the educated classes4 ,perhaps as lookers on they saw most of the game1 and into their souls there entered a deep bitterness that those who might count for so much counted for so little4 ,but although men by their writings and speeches and actual help in teaching1 did much1 it was on women that the real burden of this work was to fall4 ,neither sex can fully educate1 though it may teach the other4 ,in the main1 the education of boys must be carried on by men2 and the education of girls by women4 ,it would be impossible to give a list of all the women who dedicated their powers to this work2 who in a very real sense gave their lives that those after them might live4 ,this little book is devoted to the story of one of the pioneers of educational work1 and is necessarily limited to the part that ,dorothea ,beale played in this great enterprise4 ,but ,miss ,beale1 great as she was1 was only one of many4 ,whilst she was working out her ideals at ,cheltenham1 other women in other schools and colleges were working out theirs3 ,frances ,buss at the ,north ,london ,collegiate1 ,emily ,davies at ,girton1 ,anne ,clough at ,newnham1 ,mrs4 ,reid at ,bedford1 ,miss ,pipe of ,laleham1 and many others4 ,nor is it possible to say which of these did the most important work4 ,for we are dealing with that which cannot be measured1--the things of the mind and spirit4 ,those of us who came late enough to enjoy some of the fruits of their work1 can only acknowledge our deep sense of gratitude to this noble army of women who did so much4 ,if the gates of knowledge are open to us1 it was their hand which turned the key3 if we can enter nearly every field of service1 it was their feet which beat the track4 ,if we hold in our hands a lamp that makes many of the dark places bright1 it was they who kindled it and passed it on to us4 ,the part we must play is no passive one4 ,if the lamp is to be kept burning1 it must be fed by the oil of our devotion and our service4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,life ,,at ,,home ,,and ,,at ,,school4 8,the pilgrim's discovery is when he looks into his own heart and finds a picture of a city there4 ,the pilgrim's life is a journeying along the roads of the world seeking to find the city which corresponds to that picture40--,,stephen ,,graham4 ,dorothea ,beale1 who was born on ,march #ba1 #ahca1 was fortunate in her parentage and early environment4 ,her father1 ,miles ,beale1 was a surgeon who had been trained at ,guy's ,hospital4 ,he came of a family of literary traditions1 and he himself was a man of wide interests and learning4 ,her mother1 ,dorothea ,margaret ,complin1 was of ,huguenot extraction and belonged to a family distinguished for its ability1 counting among its members several 8advanced0 women4 ,mrs4 ,beale's aunt1 ,mrs4 ,cornwallis1 the wife of a rector of ,wittersham1 ,kent1 was a woman of considerable intellect and great spiritual gifts4 ,she wrote several books of a devotional character4 ,one of these1 8,preparation for the ,lord's ,supper with a ,companion to the ,altar10 contains much excellent advice to ladies on the use and abuse of speech1 the regulation of time1 indolence1 desire of admiration1 sickness1 etc41 breathing a devout and earnest spirit1 and revealing in the writer an attitude of great severity towards herself4 ,this little book1 with its old-fashioned appearance1 seemed to me1 as ,i read it1 full of the spirit which animated ,mrs4 ,cornwallis's celebrated great-niece4 ,her daughter1 ,caroline ,frances ,cornwallis1 was a remarkable woman4 ,her published letters are extremely interesting1 and deal with a variety of subjects1 ,italy1 ,education1 ,religion1 ,science1 ,philosophy4 ,she wrote a number of books in the series called 8,small ,books on ,great ,subjects04 ,these were published anonymously1 and were considered to be the work of a man1 at a time when the known authorship of a woman would have damned any book4 ,miss ,cornwallis often used to laugh up her sleeve at the appreciation of critics who would undoubtedly have criticised her work unfavourably had they known it was that of a woman4 ,she had a frail body1 a courageous mind1 and a devout spirit4 ,at times she adopted a cynical attitude towards men's low estimate of the intellectual powers of her sex4 8,every man1 you know1 thinks he has a prescriptive right to be better informed than a woman1 unless he has science enough to see that the said woman is up with him and therefore must know something40 ,this was1 however1 just a strain of bitterness bred in a brilliant1 active mind handicapped by lack of facilities for real education1 and restricted on every side by the bounds of custom and prejudice4 ,these two women undoubtedly influenced the future head of ,cheltenham4 ,mrs4 ,beale's sister1 ,elizabeth ,complin1 had lived for some time with the ,cornwallises and was the medium through whom the young ,beales came into contact with their ideas and ideals4 ,dorothea ,beale was also fortunate in being one of a large family4 ,the spirit of the home seems to have been one of love and service4 ,there was also a strong intellectual atmosphere1 in which the children learnt early to love the best in literature4 ,her father would often read aloud to his children extracts from ,shakespeare and other great writers1 and from him and her mother ,dorothea began early to imbibe a love of learning1 and to find in literature some revelation of the great spiritual realities4 ,dorothea's education and that of the older members of the family was at first under the guidance of a governess4 ,it must have been quite early in life that she received her first inkling of the incompetence of teachers of that day4 ,she remembered a rapid succession of teachers whom ,mrs4 ,beale was compelled to dismiss on account of their inability to teach4 ,there appears to have been only one satisfactory governess1 a ,miss ,wright1 who was excellent3 after she left1 the girls were sent to school4 8,it was a school10 says ,dorothea ,beale in her autobiography1 8considered much above the average for sound instruction3 our mistresses were women who had read and thought3 they had taken pains to arrange various schemes of knowledge3 yet what miserable teaching we had in many subjects3 history was learned by committing to memory little manuals1 rules of arithmetic were taught1 but the principles were never explained4 ,instead of reading and learning the masterpieces of literature1 we repeated week by week the ,lamentations of ,king ,hezekiah1 the pretty1 but somewhat weak1 #8,mother's ,picture' of ,cowper1 and worse doggerel verses on the solar system40 ,at the age of thirteen ,dorothea was obliged to leave school on account of ill-health4 ,she always considered this a fortunate circumstance as it enabled her to carry on her own education4 ,no doubt a good deal of time was lost in following the circuitous routes of all self-educators1 but the grit1 determination1 and power to overcome difficulties thereby developed1 probably more than compensated for this4 ,libraries1 notably those of the ,london ,institute and ,crosby ,hall1 at this time supplied her with many good books4 ,the ,medical ,book ,club circulated some books of general interest4 ,she and her sisters were also able to attend excellent lectures given at the ,literary ,institution1 ,crosby ,hall1 and at the ,gresham ,institute4 8,miss ,beale never learned to play10 said ,mrs4 ,raikes in a speech on ,foundress' ,day at the ,college after the beloved ,principal had passed away4 8,during her girlhood there was no hockey1 tennis1 net-ball1 swimming or other healthy exercise for girls2 and ,dorothea and her sisters were thrown back for their pleasure on the joys of the mind4 ,not only did ,dorothea ,beale never play herself1 but she could never quite see the need for other people to play4 ,the playgrounds1 etc41 which perforce grew up round ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college1 were always rather a stumbling-block to her1 though she was wise enough to be led by those who were more in touch in this respect with the spirit of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century4 8,her reading always inclined to the solid type1 and in her girlhood she came across few novels4 8,her love of reading was never allowed to dissipate itself on trivialities1 and here she had a great advantage over girls of to-day1 for the ephemeral literature of this age--the endless magazines and short stories--did not exist to tempt and gradually to fritter away a good literary taste40 ,she was at this time very much interested in the life of ,pascal who1 prevented by his father from acquiring a knowledge of mathematics1 discovered for himself the truths of ,euclid4 ,perhaps1 as ,mrs4 ,raikes suggests1 it was ,pascal's example which inspired her to work through the first six books of ,euclid by herself4 ,she plodded steadily through the fifth book1 not knowing that even at that time a few simple algebraic principles were substituted for ,euclid's rather laborious methods4 ,to ,dorothea ,beale1 as to many boys and girls1 mathematics came as a wonderful revelation2 they opened up to her developing mind a new world4 ,in her subsequent work as a teacher she seems to have been able to hand on to her pupils something of the thrill and wonder that she herself experienced in these early days4 ,in the year #ahdg ,dorothea was sent with two elder sisters to a ,mrs4 ,bray's school for ,english girls in the ,champs ,elyses4 ,this school is perhaps best described in ,miss ,beale's own words in the 8,history of ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college04 8,i was myself for a few months1 in #ahdh1 pupil in a school that was considered grand and expensive4 ,mrs4 ,trimmer's was the ,english ,history used in the highest classes4 ,we were taught to perform conjuring tricks with the globe by which we obtained answers to problems without one principle being made intelligible4 ,we were even compelled to learn from ,lindley ,murray lists of prepositions that we might be saved the trouble of thinking40 ,she was glad1 however1 in later life of this and similar experiences4 ,it gave her some idea of the enemies of education she had to fight4 ,it made her realise how great was the need for the thorough training and education of teachers and how little could be accomplished without it4 ,in #ahdh ,mrs4 ,bray's school came to an untimely end through the ,revolution of that year and ,dorothea returned home at the age of seventeen4 ,those who knew her at that time described her as 8a grave and quiet girl1 with a sweet serious expression and deliberate speech3 also with a sunshiny smile and merry laugh on occasion4 ,she was remarkable1 even in a studious1 sedentary family1 for her love of reading and study40 ,according to one authority she was quite beautiful as a girl4 ,one evening she and her sister ,eliza went to a dance1 ,dorothea looking very lovely in a beautiful white dress4 ,eliza was dancing with a young man1 who asked the name of that beautiful girl4 8,oh60 said ,eliza1 delighted that he should admire ,dorothea1 8she's my sister4 ,do you think she's like me80--8,good gracious1 no60 blurted out the tactless young man4 ,eliza ,beale used to tell this story with great zest1 fully enjoying the reflection on her own looks4 ,in one part of her autobiography ,dorothea ,beale speaks of the influences of her early life4 8,an aunt1 my godmother1 lived with us1 and was often my friend in my childish troubles4444 ,the strongest influence on my inner life was that of my sister ,eliza4 ,we were constantly together4 ,she had a very lively imagination1 and on most nights would tell me stories that she had invented4 ,early in the mornings she would transform our bedroom into some wild magic scene and we would play at ,alexander the ,great and ride ,pegasus on the foot of our four-post bedstead40 ,already she had begun to show some of the characteristics which were so marked in later life1 her devotion to duty1 her keen intellectual interests4 ,she was prepared for ,confirmation1 in #ahdg1 by the ,rev4 ,charles ,mackenzie1 to whose teaching ,dorothea felt she owed much4 ,of early religious influences and experiences she thus speaks in her ,,ms4 autobiography4 8,there was the faith of my parents1 the morning and evening prayer4 ,there was the ,bible picture-book and the ,sunday lessons4 ,the church we went to was an old one1 ,st4 ,helen's1 and at the entrance were the words3 #8,this is none other than the ,house of ,god1 and this is the ,gate of ,heaven'4 ,there were high pews and the service was almost a duet between clergyman and clerk1 yet ,i realised1 even more than ,i ever have in the most beautiful cathedral and perfect services1 that the ,lord was in that place1 even as ,jacob realised in the desert what he had failed to find at home40 ,religion with her was never allowed to be simply an affair of the emotions3 it meant obedience1 discipline1 the rigid performance of duty1 but it was also a source of the deepest emotions4 8,i remember how1 as the story of the ,crucifixion was read1 the church would grow dark1 as it seemed4444 ,i know nothing of the substance of the sermons now1 but ,i remember the emotion they often called forth1 and how ,i with difficulty restrained my tears4444 ,the hymns were a great power in my life4 ,i remember the joy with which ,i would sing1 in my own room1 ,ken's ,evening ,hymn1 and the awful joy of the ,trinity ,hymn #8,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy'40 ,in later years she said that she could not remember a time when ,god was not an ever-present ,friend1 a knowledge which sustained her through the darkest periods of her life1 and her many struggles4 ,whether she had at this time realised what her life-work was to be1 ,i cannot say1 but it was at home that she began to enjoy her first experience of teaching4 ,her brothers at the ,merchant ,taylors' ,school suffered much from the unintelligent teaching prevalent in the boys' schools of that day1 and received help in their ,latin and ,mathematics from their clever elder sister4 ,all this work doubtless helped to develop in ,dorothea that clear vigorous mentality that characterised the great ,head ,mistress of ,cheltenham1 and impressed still more definitely on her mind the need for reforms in education4 ,duty seems to have been1 even at this early age1 the key-note of her life1 and she apparently bore an older girl's usual share in domestic affairs1 helping with the mending and the usual work of the house4 ,but this time at home was just a quiet breathing space before wider opportunities of study were granted to her4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,at ,,queen',s ,,college4 8,can you remember 444 when the great things happened for which you seemed to be waiting8 ,the boy1 who is to be a soldier--one day he hears a distant bugle3 at once he knows4 ,a second glimpses a bellying sail3 straightway the ocean path beckons to him4 ,a third discovers a college and towards its kindly lamp of learning turns young eyes that have been kindled and will stay kindled to the end40--,,james ,,lane ,,allen4 ,the opening of ,queen's ,college marked a great advance in the cause of girls' and women's education4 ,it had its root in the ,governesses' ,benevolent ,institution1 which was founded for the purpose of helping governesses in times of need4 ,this was originated by the ,rev4 ,c4 ,g4 ,nicolay1 but in the year #ahdc the ,rev4 ,david ,laing1 vicar of ,holy ,trinity ,church1 ,kentish ,town1 was made honorary secretary4 ,it was he who first saw that an institution that existed merely to relieve distress was unsatisfactory1 and sought to establish1 rather1 an organisation to prevent the need for relief4 ,accordingly1 he established a ,registry for ,teachers1 and set on foot a scheme for granting diplomas4 ,the latter naturally led to the starting of examinations1 which revealed such appalling depths of ignorance in those who were supposed to instruct others1 that the need for their tuition was realised4 ,as is always the case in great movements many were thinking along the same lines1 and ,miss ,murray1 ,maid of ,honour to the ,queen1 was at this time meditating the starting of a ,college for ,women1 and was1 as a matter of fact1 collecting funds for this purpose4 ,as soon1 however1 as she heard of ,mr4 ,laing's plans she handed over to him the money she had collected4 ,he consulted with the government about the establishment of this college1 and the ,queen graciously allowed it to be named after herself4 ,a house in ,harley ,street1 next door to the ,governesses' ,benevolent ,institution1 was taken4 ,professors from ,king's ,college were asked to give lectures1 and to many women for the first time higher education became a possibility4 ,the committee1 as at first constituted1 included such well-known people as ,charles ,kingsley1 ,sterndale ,bennett1 ,john ,hullah1 ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice1 and ,r4 ,c4 ,trench4 ,it is still possible to see in book form the lectures which inaugurated the work undertaken by ,queen's ,college4 ,though it originated with the idea of helping governesses who wished to qualify for their work1 it numbered among its earliest students girls who were to play an important part in many ways in the life of the nation4 ,among the first pupils were ,miss ,buss1 ,adelaide ,ann ,proctor1 ,miss ,jex-,blake1 and ,dorothea ,beale4 ,at first there were no women lecturers or women teachers1 but many women offered their services as chaperones1 and very faithful they were in carrying out their trying and exacting duties4 ,the name of the ,rev4 ,frederick ,denison ,maurice will always be associated with the founding of ,queen's ,college4 ,perhaps the name means little to men and women of our generation1 though he was not only a great thinker but one of the pioneers of those who apply ,christian standards to social life4 ,he founded a ,working ,men's ,college1 which is still in existence1 and took a great part in the work of ,queen's ,college4 ,he was compelled to resign his chair of theology at ,king's ,college1 on account of his unorthodox beliefs1 especially on the question of eternal punishment4 ,throughout his life he suffered much from charges of heresy1 but he exercised a great influence on the religious life of his day1 and on that of subsequent generations4 ,he denounced any political economy based on selfishness1 declaring it to be false3 the ,cross1 not self-interest1 must be the ruling power of the ,universe4 ,his lecture at the opening of ,queen's ,college was a most inspiring one1 and his words must have fallen on the ears of some of the girls who listened to him like a call to high and noble service4 8,the vocation of a teacher10 said he1 8is an awful one3 you cannot do her real good1 she will do others unspeakable harm1 if she is not aware of its usefulness40 ,he spoke against the harm done by simply providing her with necessaries4 8,you may but confirm her in the notion that the training of an immortal spirit may be just as lawfully undertaken in a case of emergency as that of selling ribands40 ,he went on to speak with great decision about the need of a thorough education for those whose special work was 8to watch closely the first utterances of infancy1 the first dawnings of intelligence3 how thoughts spring into acts1 how acts pass into habits04 ,it was probably about this time that ,dorothea began to see what her life-work was to be1 and the noble inspiring words of this great servant of ,god doubtless did much to strengthen in her mind the sense of being called to high service4 ,all through her career there is no thought more marked than that of the loftiness of a teacher's work4 ,from herself as well as from others of her calling she demanded that consecration of body1 mind and spirit without which there can be no good work done4 ,all who have read her 8,addresses to ,teachers10 and other works on teaching1 realise the high level on which she placed the teacher's calling1 and the stress she laid on the need to pursue continuously impossible ideals of goodness and efficiency4 8,all of us have to begin and we live in the intimate consciousness of this thought3 ,here is a child of ,god committed to my care1 ,i am to help in so developing him in time that he may be a dweller in the eternal world here and hereafter4 ,i1 too1 must live an eternal life1 in order that ,i may draw forth that consciousness in him4 ,i must behold the ,face of the ,father1 and so become a light to my children that1 seeing the light shine in me1 they may glorify that ,father40#a #a 8,addresses to ,teachers10 ,i1 by ,dorothea ,beale4 ,queen's ,college was the greatest boon to ,dorothea ,beale4 ,it gave her the chance of getting first-rate teaching in ,mathematics and ,greek4 ,with ,mr4 ,astley ,cook she read1 privately1 ,trigonometry1 ,conic ,sections1 and ,differential ,calculus4 ,soon after she was asked to teach ,mathematics and became the first lady ,mathematical tutor4 ,as a teacher she could1 ex officio1 go to any class she liked1 and attended at different times lectures on ,latin1 ,greek1 ,mental ,science1 and ,german4 ,one of her chief friends at this time was a girl of her own age1 ,elizabeth ,alston4 ,the two used to study together1 ,elizabeth teaching ,dorothea singing1 whilst her friend taught her to read the ,new ,testament in ,greek4 ,in later life she realised how much these singing lessons had done for her1 enabling her to use her voice without fatigue for hours together4 ,training colleges for elementary school teachers were established before there was anything of the kind for the teachers of better class children1 and it was the head of the ,battersea ,training ,college who examined the candidates and awarded the diplomas for knowledge of methods of teaching4 ,at ,queen's ,college ,dorothea ,beale began to show signs of where her power as a teacher would lie4 ,throughout life it was one of her leading ideas that a teacher should be primarily an inspirer of her pupils3 that though she should never cease to prepare her work with the greatest care1 her aim should be chiefly to kindle the enthusiasm that would make her pupils eager to learn for themselves4 ,even at this early age she seems to have possessed this faculty1 and long after she left ,queen's ,college1 she occasionally received letters from her former pupils1 saying how much her teaching had meant to them4 ,her time there1 however1 was not to be long4 ,there arose difficulties which she felt could not be tolerated4 ,these were1 briefly1 that one particular person had too much authority1 while the women visitors had too little1 and what they had was gradually diminishing4 ,this led to many evils1 notably the promotion of children into the upper section1 or college1 from the lower section1 or school1 long before they were able to derive any benefit from advanced tuition4 ,dorothea ,beale returned from a summer holiday abroad in #ahef to find these difficulties worse than ever4 ,she and a friend thereupon sent in their resignations1 hoping to be able to avoid giving any explanation4 ,dr4 ,plumptre1 the ,head1 was1 however1 extremely anxious for her to reveal the reason for her withdrawal1 which she did very reluctantly4 ,after hearing her reasons for leaving1 he acknowledged that she was acting in accordance with her conscience and was trying to do what she held to be her duty4 ,dorothea ,beale throughout her life seems to have had to fight against an impetuosity of nature which was in curious opposition to that greatness of mind that enabled her to wait for the carrying out of any great project4 ,her action in this connection was characteristically impetuous1 for before the correspondence was concluded1 she had accepted the post of ,head ,teacher at ,casterton ,school4 ,already we find that she had formulated some of the educational theories she held through life4 ,one of these1 which she mentioned in her letter to ,dr4 ,plumptre1 was that girls can be thoroughly educated only by women3 that though some classes may be taken profitably by men1 the education of girls as a whole must be in the hands of their own sex4 ,she showed also her appreciation of the need for thorough groundwork1 without which no advanced work can be well done4 ,though her action in this matter was characteristically impetuous1 and that of a young idealist1 it revealed that strong sense of duty which would not allow her to shrink from any painful experience1 if the doing of right was involved4 ,dorothea ,beale1 probably because she was one of a big family of girls1 was apparently spared one of the most perplexing problems of modern girls and women4 ,from the moment when she felt herself called to the work of teaching she seems to have had no doubt that she was right to obey the call1 and was thus saved the torment of the woman worker who is haunted by the thought of home needs unfulfilled4 ,the only daughter in a home1 who feels herself called to work outside it1 has one of the most difficult of life's problems to face4 ,she has the knowledge that an ageing father and mother need her1 that1 perhaps1 she will have by and by to earn her own living1 and has in her heart the incessant call of the work that claims her4 ,there is no one solution to a case of this kind3 every case must be judged independently4 ,it is a difficulty as inherent as sex or any other vital part of life1 and needs to be honestly and frankly faced4 ,to most girls in this position1 ,i should say3 ,get your training early1 whilst your parents are still strong and well1 so that if the opportunity of doing work comes you may be ready4 ,some girls who live in big towns are able to combine home duties with outside work3 though on those who are not strong this life of twofold duty is often a great strain4 ,others1 less fortunately placed1 realise that the two are alternatives1 the choice must be made1 and the more imperative duty accepted4 ,in this connection it is well to realise1 ,i think1 that the harder duty is not of necessity the right one4 ,the work one dislikes is not necessarily the work one ought to undertake1 though it may be4 ,the attitude of many religious people in the past has1 ,i think1 been quite wrong in this respect4 ,god has given to all of us special talents and aptitudes1 in the exercise of which we find our greatest happiness and do our best work4 ,to believe that the ,creator always calls us to do the uncongenial task is1 to my mind1 to mock ,his plans4 ,if1 however1 the beloved task has to be deferred1 and the need of our loved ones claims us1 there comes with the accepted duty peace and rest of mind1 and the waiting time may be used for preparation of mind1 heart1 and character4 ,to many men and more women1 who have kept before them the vision of the work they would do1 has often come in a quite unforeseen way an opportunity of doing it3 and they have realised how much richer and better their life is for their wider experience during the time of waiting4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,a ,,difficult ,,year ,,and ,a ,,time ,,of ,,waiting4 8,difficulties are the stones out of which all ,god's houses are built40--,,archbishop ,,leighton4 ,all readers of 8,jane ,eyre0 will remember the school1 ,lowood1 to which ,jane was sent1 and her terrible experiences1 especially at the beginning of her time there4 ,the foundation in actual life of this school of fiction1 coloured by the ,bront temperament1 with its evils exaggerated for the purposes of art1 is known by all to be the ,clergy ,daughters' ,school at ,casterton4 ,as we have seen in the last chapter1 it was to this school that ,dorothea ,beale had somewhat hastily resolved to go after sending in her resignation to the ,head of ,queen's ,college4 ,probably she looked upon the offer of this post as an indication that she was to sever her connection with the college in ,london4 ,if in her decision she was to blame1 she certainly paid the price of her mistake4 ,casterton is near ,kirkby ,lonsdale1 in a somewhat lonely district1 within sight of the rounded height of ,ingleborough4 ,dear to the heart of north-country people is this glorious wild country1 but it must have seemed terribly out of the world to a girl accustomed to the life of ,london1 to its libraries and lectures1 and the many interests of the metropolis4 ,from the first ,dorothea ,beale felt herself oppressed and hindered by numbers of things which she did not approve1 and could not alter4 ,the girls wore a uniform which she found terribly depressing3 the rules of the school were extremely rigid1 and the restrictions so many that she felt the girls had no room for growth4 ,to her1 the whole organisation of the place seemed wrong in principle1 and the effect on the character of the girls of a too rigid discipline appears to have been pernicious4 ,to one whose views on education were already clearly defined1 the having to 8carry on0 without any power to change what was wrong1 must have been an extremely trying experience4 ,nor was there much compensation in her own work of teaching3 rather the opposite4 ,she found herself compelled to teach many subjects1 far more than she could do justice to3 ,scripture1 ,arithmetic1 ,mathematics1 ,ancient and ,modern ,church ,history1 ,physical and ,political ,geography1 ,english ,literature1 ,grammar and ,composition1 ,french1 ,german1 ,italian1 and ,latin4 ,holding such strong views as she did about the preparation of lessons and the careful correction of children's work1 she must have found this undue multiplication of subjects very unsatisfactory4 ,there can be1 ,i suppose1 for natures like ,dorothea ,beale's1 few things so trying as circumstances which make a high standard of work impossible4 ,her father's letters to her at this time reveal the strong friendship that existed between the two4 ,she wrote home that she found the work hard and her father replied1 evidently with the idea of cheering her3-- 8,employment is a blessed state1 it is to the body what sleep is to the mind4444 ,i cannot be sorry when ,i hear that you are fully employed4 ,i am sure it will be usefully4444 ,i feel ,i can bear your being so far and so entirely away with some philosophy1 and ,i am delighted that your letters bear the tone of content1 and that you have been taken notice of by people who seem disposed to be kind to you4444 ,give an old man's love to all your pupils and may they make their fathers as happy as you do40 ,the difficulties at ,casterton1 however1 did not grow less1 but tended rather to increase4 ,her parents began to have some inkling of these1 and to feel very doubtful whether she ought to stay at ,casterton4 ,on her birthday1 ,march #ba1 her father wrote again3-- 8,god bless you and give you many birthdays4 ,i fear the present is not one of the most agreeable3 it is spent at least in the path of what you consider duty1 and so will never be looked back upon but with pleasure4444 ,do not1 however1 my dear girl1 think of remaining long in a position which may be irksome to you1 for thus1 ,i think1 it will hardly be profitable to others1 and indeed ,i question whether you would maintain your health where the employment was so great and duty the only stimulus to action4 ,you have heard me often quote3 #8,the hand's best sinew ever is the heart'40 ,two months later ,mr4 ,beale wrote3-- 8,i long to see you again very much4 ,i cannot get reconciled to your position and feel satisfied that it is your place4444 ,god bless you1 my dear girl1 and blunt your feelings for the rubs of the world1 and quicken your vision for the beautiful and unseen of the world above you40 ,the sensitiveness her father alludes to in this letter was one of ,dorothea ,beale's leading characteristics to the end of her life4 ,though she welcomed and considered the criticism of competent people and often acted on it she had a curiously sensitive shrinking from adverse judgment3 and this often cut her off from valuable advice4 ,her shyness1 too1 kept her from the friendship of those who1 like herself1 were too diffident to make advances4 ,in it1 however1 lay one of her chief powers1 the subtle perception that enabled her to see almost into the very souls of the girls she taught4 ,once1 at ,cheltenham1 a child refused to admit that she had done wrong4 ,one morning ,dorothea ,beale sent for the class teacher4 8,send ,so-and-,so to me10 she said1 8,i can see from her face this morning that she will tell me all40 ,and she was right4 ,it was at ,casterton that she adopted the simple style of dress that she always preferred4 ,one of her pupils thus describes her3-- 8,her appearance1 as ,i remember it then1 was charming4 ,her figure was of medium height4 ,the rather pale oval face1 high1 broad forehead1 large1 expressive grey eyes1 all showed intellectual character4 ,her dress was remarkable in its neatness4 ,she wore black cashmere in the week1 and a pretty mouse-coloured grey dress on ,sundays40 ,possibilities of making improvements at ,casterton now began to weigh on her mind4 ,unless things were changed she felt she could not stay1 but she was not inclined to give up without an effort at amelioration4 ,she determined to take a very bold step and to appeal to the ,committee4 ,her father was kept in touch with all her plans at this time and wrote3-- 8,i think we must be content to wait1 at any rate for the present1 and see if any good comes from your interview with the ,committee4 ,you notice two points chiefly--the low moral tone of the school and the absence of prizes distinctions1 responsibilities1 etc44 ,the want of sympathy and love 7the great source of woman's influence in every condition of life7 was the prominent feature of the establishment in my mind after talking it over with you4 ,but nothing can flourish if love be not the ruling incentive44440 ,he goes on to say that he realises how much love and devotion she puts into her work1 but how useless it is when she is unsupported4 8,weigh the matter well before this ,christmas10 he continues1 8and if you find no changes are made1 the same cold management continued1 send in your resignation40 ,then the affectionate father concludes3-- 8,i cannot contemplate your not coming up at ,christmas4 ,as we grow older each year makes us more desirous of the company of those we love2 perhaps1 because we feel how soon we shall part with it altogether2 perhaps1 because we are become more selfish1 but such is the fact40 ,the six members of the ,committee apparently consented with some reluctance to hear ,dorothea1 but she did get a hearing and brought her chief objections before them4 ,the experience was not so trying as she had anticipated1 and the ,committee appeared fairly conciliatory4 ,she explained--in speaking of the absence of prizes--that by this term she meant rather distinctions1 privileges1 and opportunities of doing good4 ,she offered to resign1 but the ,committee said1 8,oh1 no1 certainly not04 ,and she came away feeling that her efforts might have some good result4 ,few people1 whether individuals or collective bodies1 can endure criticism1 and ,dorothea ,beale's complaints seem to have caused a great deal of discomfort in her relationship with those connected with ,casterton4 ,this was increased very much by a suspicion that she was not orthodox according to the evangelical low-church point of view4 ,she was considered 8high10 and was suspected of holding extreme views about baptismal regeneration1 one of the storm centres of religious controversy at this time4 ,this caused even one of her chief friends on the ,committee to wish her to leave4 ,with the tenacity of purpose that characterised her through life1 she tried to believe that it was right for her to stay and fight the difficulties at ,casterton4 ,gradually1 however1 the impossibility of doing so became evident1 and she wrote to her father3-- 8,i do not see how it is possible to do much good4 ,i may work upon a few individuals1 but the whole tone of the school is unhealthy1 and ,i never felt anything like the depression arising from the constant jar upon one's feelings caused by seeing great girls professing not to care about religion40 ,she suggested that she should send in her resignation1 and her father replied at length1 giving her advice as to how to approach the ,committee1 and again writing words of cheer3-- 8,above all things take care of your health4444 ,i am quite sure that you have a long course of usefulness before you4 ,the flattering regard in which you are held at ,queen's ,college1 and the constant means you always have in ,london of constantly improving yourself1 must teach you somewhat of your own value4 ,though ,i would not indeed presume upon it further than to give you confidence to act rightly40 ,it was near the end of ,november before ,dorothea made her final decision to send in her resignation4 ,she had not time to carry out this decision before she received the following note from the ,committee3-- 8,on your last interview with the ,committee you implied an intention of resigning in case certain alterations should not be made by the ,committee4444 8,the ,committee are of opinion that1 under the circumstances1 it would be better that your connection with the school should cease after ,christmas next1 they paying you a quarter's salary in advance40 ,this note was received shortly before the ,christmas holidays4 ,it is easier to imagine than to describe the effect of this summary dismissal on a highly sensitive girl1 whose actions had throughout been prompted by a sincere desire for the good of the school4 ,it is difficult to endure the sense of failure in youth before one has had assurance of one's own powers4 ,again at this time her father's sympathetic letters1 reminding her of the high motives with which she had undertaken this work1 were a great comfort to her4 ,in after years ,dorothea ,beale acknowledged the value of this year at ,casterton4 ,no life is perhaps complete without its times of failure1 as she must have felt her year at ,casterton to be4 ,for the world is full of men and women who fail1 and it is only by personal knowledge of their experience that we can sympathise with them and help them to rise above it4 ,many1 however1 appreciated the good work ,dorothea ,beale did at ,casterton1 and her quiet and steady persistence in what she felt to be right were not without their permanent influence on the school4 ,her remembrance of this school was a source of pain to her1 and yet1 as the years went on1 she felt how much she owed to her experiences there4 ,in ,the ,times of ,november #ai1 #aijf1 there is an extract from a letter by ,canon ,a4 ,d4 ,burton1 ,casterton ,vicarage1 ,kirkby ,lonsdale4 8,i have read with interest your account of ,miss ,beale's life4 ,i think1 however1 it is possible that it may give an erroneous impression with regard to her connection with ,casterton1 and it may be of interest if ,i mention that ,i happen to know something of the feelings she entertained towards the school4 ,rather more than a year ago she wrote to say that it had long been in her mind to do something for the school in grateful remembrance of the benefit which her connection with it had been to her1 and this wish finally took shape in the founding of a scholarship to ,cheltenham1 and the first ,casterton-,beale ,scholar is at the present time in residence at that college4 8,the ,casterton ,clergy ,daughters' ,school1 like most other schools of long standing1 has a past which is not to be compared with its present4 ,that is no disparagement to it1 but the reverse4 ,its present state is one of high efficiency1 but it is interesting that it was not on this account only that ,miss ,beale wished her name to be always connected with it1 but because she felt herself in debt to it4 #8,i owe much to it1' were her words4 ,a few months ago she also presented to the school an oil-painting of herself which was hung in the entrance hall40 ,she did not leave ,casterton1 however1 without some acknowledgment on the part of the authorities and others that her work and character had been appreciated4 ,it must also have been a solace to her when ,dr4 ,plumptre1 hearing of her resignation1 at once wrote and spoke of the possibility of a mathematical tutorship at ,queen's ,college4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it was characteristic of ,dorothea ,beale that after she returned home from ,casterton with one part of her work finished and no other in view1 she did not idly waste her time but began a definite piece of work--the writing of her history1 8,the ,student's ,text-book of ,english and ,general ,history04 ,the need of such a book was felt very strongly at this time1 partly because of the outcry against the papistical doctrine inserted into ,ince's history1 one of the most popular text-books of the day4 ,this book must have involved an enormous amount of work1 though it dealt only in outline with this vast subject4 ,in the preface she makes it clear to the student that no real knowledge of history can be built upon such a slender foundation1 and urges the need for filling in the outlines by wide and thorough reading4 ,her history was not her only occupation at this time2 she did some visiting teaching--,latin and ,mathematics--at ,miss ,elwell's school at ,barnes4 ,she realised the difficulty of working steadily at home1 knowing the thousand distractions1 social and domestic1 that come to divert a girl from any definite pursuits4 ,so she adopted the plan of writing her history in a large empty room at the top of the house4 ,here she would work without a fire on cold winter days4 ,whether this was an expression of the desire for ,spartan simplicity of life which she always had1 or was done simply to keep away members of the family who might wish to come and chat1 one cannot say4 ,dorothea ,beale had evidently undertaken some work as secretary and collector for the ,church ,penitentiary ,association and for a ,diocesan ,home at ,highgate1 working with ,mrs4 ,lancaster4 ,the latter greatly appreciated her and her conscientious work1 and realised what a valuable helper she would be1 if she could enlist her in this great service4 ,she approached her with the suggestion that she should take the headship of the ,home4 ,dorothea ,beale considered the offer but refused4 ,this must have been a great test of faith in her own judgment4 ,behind her were two experiences1 both of which had ended in apparent failure because of her inability to agree with the authorities4 ,no educational work was in view1 and she must have questioned her own wisdom in refusing this opportunity of service which came to her4 ,yet it seems as if at this time there dawned on her mind the deep conviction that she was called to educational work among her own class3 that with her temperament and ideas so much in advance of her own time a headship was the only post that would give her the scope and freedom that she needed if she was to do her best work4 ,and so she waited1 not with idle hands and brain1 but fully occupied with her history1 her teaching1 and home duties4 ,it was probably about this time that she began her ,diary1 which she kept with some intervals until the year #aija4 ,the purpose of it seems to have been to keep a record not of outward events but rather of her moral and spiritual life4 ,in it we have one of the many evidences of that sternness towards herself which she maintained in all circumstances of life1 even in illness4 ,earlier1 perhaps1 than most people1 she seems to have realised that her influence on others would depend entirely on what she herself was4 ,one or two quotations from her journal will illustrate the purpose of it4 ,march #f4--;,history4 ,aunt ,e4 came4 ,cross at not getting my own way4 ,some idleness4 ,impatient manner4 ,april #ad4--;,history4 ,elizabeth4 ,called on the ,blenkarnes4 ,dined at ,chapter ,house4 ,idle4 ,indulgence in reading story at my time for evening prayer4 ,unpunctual in morning4 ,thoughtless about ,mama4 ,april #bj4--;,history1 #afth ,century4 ,felt terribly cross4 ,o grant me calmness4 ,june #d4--,saw ,mrs4 ,barret4 ,copied4 ,neglected prayer greatly4 ,very worldly4 ,june #g4--,wrote letters4 ,a terrible blank of worldliness4 ,idle4 ,june #i4--,wrote to ,miss ,elwell4 ,letter from ,cheltenham4 ,copied certificates4 ,worldly4 ,spoke angrily to ,a4 ,at this time there are many allusions in her journal to crossness4 ,probably it was the result of that supreme test of the active1 energetic mind--the enduring of uncertainty4 ,in #aija she wrote to a friend about this period of her life3-- 8,once ,i had an interval of work1 and ,i thought perhaps ,god would not give it me again--but after that interval ,he called me here4 ,i think now ,i can see better how ,i needed that time of comparative quiet and solitude1 and a time to think over my failures1 and a time to be more helpful to my family40 ,whilst still young1 ,dorothea ,beale formed the habit of frequent attendance at early ,communion1 which she maintained all through her busy life4 ,like the saintly men and women of all ages1 she felt that the more strenuous and exacting her work1 the more she needed these hours of ,communion4 ,the ,sacraments of the ,church as generally necessary to salvation she believed to be two--,baptism and ,holy ,communion--but the whole of life to her was sacramental4 ,more and more as years passed by did outward and visible things become to her the signs of inward and spiritual realities3 to her1 and to those of her school of thought1 sacramentalism meant 8the discovery of the river of the water of life flowing through the whole desert of human existence04 ,but ,dorothea ,beale was no dreamy1 unpractical mystic1 holding herself aloof from the practical difficulties of life4 ,she realised that there is little value in a religion that cannot find expression in the life of every day2 and little strength in the soul that is not continually fortified by the struggle of work and the carrying out of duty4 8,the religion of ,dorothea ,beale10 says ,mrs4 ,raikes1 8was far indeed from being a mere succession of beautiful and comforting thoughts4 ,it meant authority4 ,it involved all the difficulties of daily obedience1 it meant the fatigue of watching1 the pains of battle1 sometimes the humiliation of defeat4 ,intense as was her feeling on religious subjects1 it was never permitted to go off in steam1 as she would term it1 but became at once a practical matter for everyday life40 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,small ,,beginnings4 ,o1 ,i am sure they really came from ,thee1 ,the urge1 the ardour1 the unconquerable will1 ,the potent1 felt1 interior command1 stronger than words1 ,a message from the ,heavens whispering to me even in sleep4 ,these speed me on4 --,,walt ,,whitman1 8,prayer of ,columbus04 ,until about #ahbe1 ,cheltenham was simply a small market-town1 famous for its mild climate and fertile soil1 but at this time its medicinal springs were discovered1 and it became the fashion for royalty and aristocracy to take the waters4 ,between #ahja and #ahdj the population of ,cheltenham increased tenfold4 ,in #ahdc1 ,cheltenham ,college1 a proprietary school for boys1 was opened4 ,ten years later1 on ,september #cj1 #ahec1 a meeting was held in the house of the ,rev4 ,h4 ,walford ,bellairs1 who was ,her ,majesty's ,inspector of ,schools in ,gloucestershire1 and a prospectus was drawn up of 8,a ,college in ,cheltenham for the education of young ladies and children under eight04 ,the instruction was to include the ,liturgy of the ,church of ,england1 grammar1 geography1 arithmetic1 ,french1 drawing1 needlework4 ,the fees were to range from #f guineas to #bj guineas a year1 and the capital was to consist of #bjjj in #aj shares4 ,the entire management and control were to be in the hands of the founders1 the ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,bellairs2 the ,rev4 ,w4 ,dobson1 ,principal of ,cheltenham ,college2 the ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,holden1 ,vice-,principal2 ,lieutenant-,colonel ,fitzmaurice2 ,dr4 ,s4 ,e4 ,comyn2 and ,mr4 ,nathaniel ,hartland4 ,they appointed as ,principal ,mrs4 ,procter1 the widow of ,colonel ,procter1 and as ,vice-,principal her daughter1 ,miss ,procter1 who was understood to be the actual head4 ,mrs4 ,procter was to furnish the wisdom and stability of mature years1 ,miss ,procter the youth and vigour necessary for teaching4 ,a younger sister held the post of secretary4 ,at first it was intended that the college should be restricted to day pupils1 but it was soon found that this would limit its usefulness1 and some months before the opening of the school the proprietors had arranged for three boarding-houses1 the fees of which were extremely low1 being only #dj a year4 ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college was laid on good foundations4 ,the founders had an ardent desire for a thorough and liberal education1 and their ideas were well carried out from the very beginning of the school's career4 ,the teaching appears to have been of a high order1 the teachers were people of conscience and ability4 ,in her 8,history of ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college10 ,miss ,beale quotes from old pupils who spoke most highly of the early days4 ,the school was opened on ,february #ac1 #ahed1 in ,cambray ,house1 where the great ,duke of ,wellington had once stayed for about six weeks4 ,it was a fine square-built house with a beautiful garden4 ,by the end of the first year the #ajj pupils had increased to #aej2 the second year also marked an increase4 ,but after that the numbers began to go down1 until at the end of #aheg the numbers had fallen to #hi1 and the capital had begun to diminish4 ,some disagreement on educational methods then arose between ,miss ,procter and the ,committee1 with the result that the former resigned and started another school in ,cheltenham1 which was continued for thirty years4 ,the ,principal's letter to the ,committee on her departure shows her scrupulous care of the property of others3-- 8,,my ,,dear ,,sir1 8,i thank you much for your kind letter enclosing your cheque for #da #ajs4 #f;d4 8,i take this opportunity of sending you the keys of the college4 ,the house has been cleaned throughout4 ,the chimneys have all been swept4 8,some few stores--nearly cwt4 of soap1 some dip candles1 and two new scrubbing brushes--are in the closet in the pantry4 8,the new zinc ventilator is in the press used for the drawing materials4 8,two cast-iron fenders1 of mine1 have been removed from two of the class-rooms4 8,i remain1 my dear ,sir1 8,yours very sincerely1 8,s4 ,,anne ,,procter40 ,it was in ,may1 #aheh1 that the advertisement for a new ,principal of ,cheltenham ,college appeared in various papers4 ,,cheltenham ,,ladies' ,,college4 8,a vacancy having occurred in the office of lady ,principal1 candidates for the appointment are requested to apply by letter 7with references7 before ,june #a to ,j4 ,p4 ,bell1 ,esq41 ,hon4 ,sec41 ,cheltenham4 8,a well educated and experienced lady 7between the ages of thirty-five and forty-five7 is desired1 capable of conducting an institution with not less than one hundred day pupils4 8,a competent knowledge of ,german and ,french1 and a good acquaintance with general ,english literature1 arithmetic1 and the common branches of female education1 are expected4 8,salary1 upwards of #bjj a year1 with furnished apartments and other advantages4 8,no testimonials to be sent until applied for1 and no answers will be returned except to candidates apparently eligible40 ,dorothea ,beale applied for this post and was accepted as a candidate for the headship4 ,she had now to set about getting testimonials and recommendations4 ,some of these are interesting4 ,miss ,elwell1 at whose school she had taught1 wrote3-- 8,you have succeeded in making subjects usually styled dry1 positively attractive1 whilst your plan has been successful in forming not merely superficial scholars1 even whilst producing results in a remarkably short period40 ,her friend1 ,elizabeth ,ann ,alston1 wrote3-- 8,of her power of teaching others and making them delight in their studies1 there is no doubt4 ,but you do not know her1 as ,i do1 in her home and daily life3 there all look up to her and seek her counsel40 ,many testimonials were given as to her character and work1 and these made such a favourable impression on the ,cheltenham ,committee that she was summoned for an interview on ,june #ad4 ,she evidently had not any suitable clothes to wear on such a formidable occasion1 and had to borrow a blue silk frock from her sister ,eliza4 ,perhaps the work on her history had prevented her from attending to her wardrobe4 ,she was appointed and everything seemed happily settled4 ,one can imagine with what joy she looked forward to this opportunity of doing the work she longed to do untrammelled by bonds made by those of differing ideas4 ,after all these months of waiting she had at last obtained her heart's desire4 ,but the stigma of leaving ,casterton was not easily removed1 and a great blow awaited her4 ,on ,july #ab she received a letter from ,mr4 ,j4 ,penrice ,bell1 the ,honorary ,secretary of the ,committee1 saying that he had received from two gentlemen letters about her religious views1 that might make it necessary for the ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college ,committee to reconsider their decision4 ,he quoted briefly their allegations3-- 8#8,she1 ,miss ,beale1 is very ,high ,church1 to say the least1 and holds ultra views of baptismal regeneration4' 444 #8,she has also a serious and deep religious feeling1 and a self-denying character4 ,but she is decidedly ,high ,church4 ,her opinions on the vital and critical question of sacramental grace are altogether those of the ,high ,church or ,tractarian school4'0 ,to a sensitive girl like ,dorothea ,beale this was indeed a shock1 but she was determined not to lose the desired work through any misunderstanding1 and replied at once to ,mr4 ,bell explaining her views on baptism1 which were said to be 8extreme03-- 8,if you understand by the opus operatum #8efficacy' of baptism that all who are baptized are therefore saved4444 ,i explicitly state that ,i do not hold that doctrine4 ,i believe baptism to be #8an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace given unto us3 to be the appointed means for admitting members into the ,church of ,christ'40 ,the allegation that she belonged to the ,high ,church party she dealt with3-- 8,your second question i4e4 did she belong to the ,high ,church8 444 cannot be categorically answered1 since it has never been defined what are the opinions of the ,high ,church party2 ,i would say that ,i differ from some who assume that title4444 ,i think no one could entertain a greater dread than ,i of those ,romish opinions entertained by some #8who went out from us1 but were not of us'3 indeed1 during the last six months1 ,i have been engaged in preparing an ,english history for the use of schools1 because ,ince's 8,outlines0 7a book used in your college7 inculcates ,romish doctrines40 ,the conclusion of her letter shows how clearly she realised the effect that might be produced if the ,committee revoked their decision3-- 8,i have endeavoured to be perfectly candid3 should the ,council decide that my views are so unsound that ,i am unfit to occupy the position to which ,i have been appointed1 ,i shall trust that they will allow me to make as public a statement of my opinions as they are obliged to make of my dismissal1 for ,i shall feel that after this no person of moderate views will trust me1 and my own conscience would not allow me to work with the extreme party in either ,high or ,low ,church40 ,the suspense whilst the ,committee's decision hung in the balance must have been great4 ,her diary indicates this3-- ,july #ab4--,mr4 ,bell's letter about ,high ,church from ,cheltenham1 and my answer4 ,some vanity4 7,prayer7 for resignation4 ,july #ad4--,letter from ,cheltenham4 ,neglect of prayer4 ,several times rude4 ,the ,committee1 however1 seem to have been satisfied with her letter to ,mr4 ,bell1 and another to ,mr4 ,bellairs1 in which she referred him to two friends who knew what her religious views were1 sending him also two books1 8which ,i have published without my name--not because ,i was ashamed of expressing what ,i thought right1 but because one naturally shrinks from expressing without necessity one's inner religious life04 ,they still had one more question1 which ,mr4 ,bell asked in his next letter3-- 8,holding the opinions you have expressed1 should you consider it a duty and feel it incumbent on you to inculcate them in your ,divinity instruction to the pupils80 ,to this she replied3-- 8,i quite feel it to be a ,christian duty1 if it be possible1 to live peaceably with all men1 not giving heed to those things which minister questions rather than godly edifying1 but ,i am sure you would feel ,i should be unworthy of your confidence could ,i through any fear of consequences resort to the least untruthfulness40 ,illustration3 ,,dorothea ,,beale ,,in #ahei p4 #cb ,the difficulty was thus ended1 and ,dorothea ,beale entered her kingdom4 ,in spite of the many possibilities of giving offence1 from the beginning she made the ,scripture lessons the very centre of her teaching4 ,to these she went herself not only with her carefully prepared work but with her heart and soul equally equipped4 ,she demanded equal reverence in her pupils1 and during times of building at the college the noise of the hammer was suspended when these lessons were being given4 ,there is little record about the beginning of her work at ,cheltenham4 ,twice ,miss ,brewer1 who was to be ,vice-,principal1 called upon her3 and there are one or two entries in her diary about 8shopping0 and 8turning-out04 ,even the date 7,august #d7 on which she set out for ,cheltenham with her mother is only known by deduction4 ,one can imagine1 however1 the spirit in which ,dorothea ,beale set out into the unknown4 ,was it to be failure or success8 ,were her powers equal to the many difficulties that lay before her8 ,would the ,committee turn out to be the kind of people with whom she could work8 ,but we know enough to be sure that she looked to ,god as her guide in all things1 and that in offering herself for this great work of education she laid her life and all her powers at ,his feet4 ,dorothea ,beale's first two years at ,cheltenham were a struggle from beginning to end4 ,when she arrived the ,college had begun to go down1 and many of the elder girls had left with ,miss ,procter1 so that the oldest pupils were now only thirteen or fourteen years of age4 ,mrs4 ,raikes in her 8,life10 quotes a description of her from a pupil who was at the school when she arrived3-- 8,i can see her now as she appeared in reality--the slight1 young figure1 the very gentle1 gliding movements1 the quiet face with the look of intense thoughtfulness and utter absence of all poor and common stress and turmoil1 the intellectual brow1 the wonderful eyes with their calm outlook and their expression of inner vision40 ,one of her first decisions was to continue and make permanent the rule of silence1 which ,miss ,procter had introduced at the beginning of the college4 ,she was1 at first1 full of doubts as to the wisdom of this rule but was so well satisfied with the results that she never saw any reason to alter it4 ,pupils were allowed to speak only with a teacher's permission1 which was always given when it was necessary4 ,her reasons for the ordaining of this rule were to inculcate habits of self-control1 to prevent the making of friendships of which parents might not approve1 to secure concentration and good discipline4 ,it was very rigidly enforced1 and if a girl broke it only a few times in the term a remark to that effect was inevitably put into her ,report4 ,one of the jokes frequently made against the ,ladies' ,college was that no ,cheltenham girl could talk6 ,the history of these two years is given very graphically in ,miss ,beale's ,history of the ,college1 from which the following account is almost entirely taken4 ,when ,miss ,beale was appointed there were only sixty-nine girls left1 of whom fifteen had already given notice 7of these only one actually left74 ,only #djj was left out of the original capital4 ,the ladies who had kept boarding-houses gave up on account of the uncertainty1 and several of the original shareholders sold their #aj shares for #e4 8,several birds of prey10 said ,miss ,beale1 8were seen hovering about expecting the demise of the ,college1 and it would probably have ceased to exist had there not remained two years of the ,cambray lease1 for the rent of which #bjj a year had to be found4 ,it is impossible to give an adequate idea of the hard struggle for existence maintained during the next two years1 and of the minute economies which had to be practised4 ,haec nunc meminisse juvat4 ,the ,principal was blamed for ordering prospectuses without leave at the cost of fifteen shillings1 and the second-hand furniture procured would not have delighted people of sthetic taste4 ,curtains were dispensed with as far as possible1 and it was questioned whether a carving-knife was required by the ,principal in her furnished apartments40 ,the teaching staff was reduced as far as possible and the ,principal and ,vice-,principal gave up their half-holiday to chaperone those girls who took lessons from masters4 ,the ,principal did a great deal of teaching at this time including ,scripture throughout the ,college4 ,everything that could be done in those two years to curtail expenditure was done4 ,the gain or loss of one pupil was considered an important event4 ,one day ,miss ,beale was at dinner when a father called with two girls4 ,the maid sent him away1 saying that her mistress was at dinner4 ,miss ,beale1 however1 sent her at once in pursuit after the departing visitors4 ,she spoke to the maid afterwards about this matter and said1 8,i am never at dinner04 ,at the end of these two years the lease of ,cambray ,house expired1 and1 though the deficit was less at the end of #ahfj than in #ahei1 there was not a single member of the ,committee who was willing to take the responsibility of renewing the lease4 ,many causes conspired to make the school unpopular at this time1 and the question of giving it up had to be seriously considered4 ,just when things were at their worst a deliverer appeared in the person of ,mr4 ,j4 ,houghton ,brancker1 who was asked to audit the accounts4 ,after a thorough investigation this gentleman gave his verdict that it was impossible for the school ever to pay its way with the then system of fees4 ,accordingly he drew up a scheme which he considered satisfactory1 lowering the ordinary fees1 but making music and drawing1 which had hitherto been included in the ordinary curriculum1 extra subjects4 ,mr4 ,brancker was asked to join the ,council2 under his able rule as chancellor of the exchequer1 the ,college finances began to improve1 and grinding anxiety about money matters soon became a thing of the past4 ,cambray ,house was taken by the year until things were in a more satisfactory state1 but such a precaution was unnecessary1 as the ,college after this had a career of almost unbroken progress and prosperity4 ,financial difficulties were not1 however1 the only ones that ,miss ,beale had to fight1 nor were they the hardest4 ,far greater foes to her peace of mind were those of ignorance1 prejudice1 and lack of ideals about girls' education4 ,practical difficulties1 too1 stood in the way of high attainment4 ,dorothea ,beale relates some of these in her 8,history of the ,ladies' ,college04 ,it was said that college life would 8turn girls into boys04 ,day schools for girls were unpopular1 and the custom of having morning and afternoon school caused parents a great deal of trouble in sending maids with their children4 ,teachers were scarce and those to be had were very inferior4 8,do you prepare your lessons80 asked ,dorothea ,beale of a candidate4 8,oh no60 she replied1 8,i never teach anything ,i don't understand40 ,parents looked with horror on the teaching of mathematics and even advanced arithmetic1 in spite of the poverty to which ignorance of investments often reduced women4 ,some reminiscences of former pupils give a little idea of what ,dorothea ,beale was like in her teaching and in her relationship to her children4 8,i never remember her raising her voice1 scolding us1 being satirical or impatient with dullness or inattention4 ,she was not satirical even when a small girl1 on being asked what criticism might be passed on ,milton's treatment of 8,paradise ,lost10 ventured the audacious suggestion that the poet was #8verbose'40 ,her methods were designed to encourage rather than to repress4 ,a pupil recalls 8an afternoon when she visited the needlework room and found me being most justly blamed for inefficiency4 ,in kindly tones she said to the shy and clumsy culprit3 #8,you ought to sew well1 for your mother has such beautiful long fingers1' and somehow ,i felt comforted and encouraged4 ,then there was a day when ,i summoned up courage to go and tell her that ,i had been guilty of some small disobedience as well as others who had been detected and punished4 ,she seized the opportunity of impressing upon me that as ,i was 7though only fourteen7 a teacher in my father's ,sunday ,school--a fact of which ,i did not know she was aware--,i must surely see that obedience to rule was necessary4 ,i can still hear the low1 earnest tones in which she made her appeal to my sense of justice and right40 ,at this period of her life her power was probably as great as it ever was1 though the scope was comparatively narrow4 8,it is my peculiar privilege10 writes one1 8to have spent all my college career in her class1 to go through years of her special personal teaching4 ,in later days when the ,college assumed large dimensions1 such an experience must have been rare2 to those who could claim it1 it meant a potent influence for life4 ,how vividly can ,i recall her sitting on her little das1 scanning the long schoolroom and discovering anything amiss at the far end of it2 or making a tour of inspection to the various classes with a smiling countenance that banished terror40 ,her personal relationship to any of her children in sorrow was always a very tender one4 8,when ,i was almost a child at ,college ,i lost my mother and shall never forget ,miss ,beale's tender sympathy and help4 ,she took such interest in my preparation for ,confirmation and brought me herself to my first ,communion--just she and ,i alone3 a day ,i shall always remember4 ,all through my girlhood she was a kind and ready adviser1 and continued her interest throughout my married life4 ,one always felt whatever happened to one1 #8,now ,i must tell ,miss ,beale'40 ,so with the varied joys of teaching1 and the difficulties of narrow means1 and the opposition of supporters of the old rgime1 did ,dorothea ,beale's life at ,cheltenham begin4 ,forty years later she wrote of this time3-- 8,how often ,i was full of discouragement4 ,it was not so much the want of money as the want of ideals that depressed me4 ,if ,i went into society ,i heard it said3 #8,what is the good of education for our girls8 ,they have not to earn their living4' ,those who spoke did not see that1 for women as for men1 it is a sin to bury the talents ,god has given3 they seemed not to know that the baptismal right was the same for girls as for boys1 alike enrolled in the army of light1 soldiers of ,jesus ,christ40 ,no knight of olden times who rode forth against the evils of his day needed greater courage than this woman who set out to destroy the evils of prejudice1 custom1 and ignorance4 ,i have spoken sometimes with her 8old girls10 who were with her in the early days1 and were among the first to enter on paths untrodden by women's feet4 ,they were like men who seek a new land2 no sacrifice seemed too great2 no toil seemed too hard4 ,following their dauntless leader they knew themselves to be the vanguard of a great army of women infinite in number and of unknown power4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,on ,,education4 8,knowledge is now no more a fountain sealed40--,,tennyson1 8,the ,princess04 ,in order to understand ,dorothea ,beale's work and that of her many contemporaries who were working towards the same end1 it is necessary to know something of the depths to which girls' education had sunk in that day4 ,all readers of ,ruskin's 8,sesame and ,lilies0 are familiar with his bitter invective against the attitude of parents towards this important question1 and his passionate appeal for reform4 ,and ,ruskin was only one of the many men who realised the pity of the paltry and superficial education that girls received1 and the extent to which the whole world suffered on this account4 ,so strong had public feeling become among the better educated on this burning question that1 in the year #ahfd1 a ,schools' ,inquiry ,commission was instituted2 and as far as possible a thorough investigation was made of the subject4 ,reports on ,girls' ,schools were given by ,mr4 ,fitch1 ,mr4 ,bryce1 and others4 ,to all interested in education the ,blue ,book is an extremely interesting document4 ,the evidence and reports are based on what was seen and known1 and present a terrible indictment of the then condition of girls' schools4 8,although10 says ,mr4 ,bryce1 8the world has now existed for several thousand years1 the notion that women have minds as cultivable and worth cultivating as men's minds is still regarded by the ordinary ,british parent as an offensive1 not to say a revolutionary1 paradox40 ,dorothea ,beale's report1 the one with which we are most concerned here1 is very comprehensive1 and gives not only her theories of education but also an account of the methods employed in her school4 ,the questions asked give a good idea of the many questions that disturbed the minds of thoughtful people of that day2 the anxiety lest higher education should injure the health of girls2 the fear of the over-stimulating effects of examinations1 of the publicity of examination results and of the possible effects on girls' natural reserve and modesty4 ,in her reply to the various questions asked1 ,dorothea ,beale gave a good deal of information about her own school and the condition of education it revealed4 ,the ,entrance ,examination at ,cheltenham showed as a rule deplorable results4 ,frequently girls came from expensive schools incapable of writing1 spelling1 or composing in their own language1 almost ignorant of ,french grammar and scarcely able to work correctly the simplest sums in arithmetic4 8,i think the remedy for bad work10 said she1 8is to bring such work to the light4 ,i think it is because it has all been carried on in darkness1 because the parents are not able to distinguish between good and bad1 and nobody knows that things have reached such a state40 ,she then went into some particulars about the work at ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college1 hours of work1 the rule by personal influence rather than by punishments1 the law of silence and her approval of examinations as leading to more thorough work4 ,she also went into the reasons why she considered that women were better educators of girls than men1 and ceteris paribus were quite equal to them as teachers4 ,the education of boys at that time she considered to be rather unsatisfactory1 and too limited in scope4 ,she did not believe that boys and girls should be taught on absolutely different lines1 as that would undoubtedly hinder friendship and camaraderie in marriage as well as in ordinary social intercourse4 ,on the question of health ,miss ,beale was most emphatic4 ,she did not believe that study alone injured health1 and in her belief she is more in sympathy with the thought of to-day than with that of twenty or thirty years ago4 ,examinations and study in the early days of higher education for women seemed to work a good deal of havoc with health4 ,but when we look back in the light of modern thought much of the harm seems to have been wrought by unscientific arrangement of hours of work--it was considered heroic to 8burn the midnight oil02 the eating of insufficient or unsuitable food2 the undertaking of strenuous work by delicate girls unfit for hard work of any kind2 and the lack of wholesome recreation4 ,when she was asked by ,mr4 ,acland about the effect of eagerness in study on the health of girls about sixteen1 she replied3-- 8,i think it improved their health very much1 and ,i am sure great harm is often done by a hasty recommendation to throw aside all study when a temperate and wisely regulated mental diet is really required4 ,they will not do nothing--you cannot say to the human mind that it shall absolutely rest2 but if they have not wholesome and proper and unexciting occupations they will spend their time on sensational novels and things much more injurious to their health4 ,when ,i have heard complaints about health being injured by study1 they have proceeded from those who have done least work at college4 ,indeed ,i do not know of any case of a pupil who has really worked and whose health has been injured3 we have had complaints in a few cases where the girls have been decidedly not industrious40 ,the following emphatic statement expresses the opinion of most educationalists on the deplorable effect that 8just going to live at home0 has on the health of many girls4 ,there are few things that teachers of senior girls dread more than an aimless life in a home where there are no responsibilities and no definite duties4 ,there is no real reason1 of course1 why this should be so1 as a girl of leisure at home has often opportunities of doing work that no one else can do2 but many lack the energy and enterprise for seeking out such work1 and are1 in consequence1 idle and miserable3-- 8,for one girl in the higher middle classes who suffers from overwork1 there are1 ,i believe1 hundreds whose health suffers from the feverish love of excitement1 from the irritability produced by idleness and frivolity and discontent4 ,i am persuaded1 and my opinion has been confirmed by experienced doctors1 that the want of wholesome occupation lies at the root of much of the languid debility of which we hear so much after girls have left school40 ,she also gave some account of her own methods of teaching4 ,french and ,german were studied before ,latin and ,greek4 ,in ,geometry she always dealt with the propositions as riders1 and employed methods which1 twenty years later1 became common in all schools4 ,this was somewhat extraordinary at a time when many children1 boys and girls alike1 understood so little of what was required1 that they learned the propositions by heart4 ,science was taught so as to create not specialists but human beings with an intelligent but general understanding of the phenomena of everyday life4 ,it is interesting to read in a pamphlet published this year1 #aiai1 by the ,ministry of ,reconstruction1 that much of the present day lack of interest in ,science is due to the lack of general training of this kind4 ,foundations are laid at school as if every man and every woman were going to be a scientist1 and the average boy and girl leave school with a certain amount of skill in measuring and weighing1 but with none of that illuminating general knowledge that makes the world so vastly interesting4 ,in religious teaching1 8we try10 said ,dorothea ,beale1 8to make our teaching practical as regards the daily duties of life upon which we are all agreed1 instead of dwelling on points of doctrine wherein we differ04 ,dorothea ,beale was always anxious to work in sympathy with parents1 not in antagonism to their aims4 ,she realised1 as does every wise teacher1 that parents see a quite different side of their children and was glad of any information that might be a help in understanding the child4 ,she was very desirous that people should be frank with her if there was any cause of dissatisfaction with the school1 and was most anxious to know if a child was at all overworked4 ,any complaint of this kind was at once dealt with1 and if a child was overworked the remedy of dropping one or two subjects was usually applied4 ,along with other educationalists of that day ,miss ,beale deplored the excessive amount of time given to the practice of the piano1 complaining that it absorbed energies that ought to be used for the general culture of the mind4 ,she suggested that no girl should give more than one hour a day to the piano1 unless she had decided talent1 that parents should cease to attach so exaggerated a value to this accomplishment1 and that those who had a natural incapacity should be allowed to leave off music altogether4 ,our generation is beginning at last to allow music for girls to take only its fair share of time along with other subjects and to train the mind and soul to appreciate rather than the hands merely to perform4 ,we are beginning to realise that born musicians are few1 though the need for music in life is universal4 ,to train the ear to hear1 the body to feel rhythm1 is held to be more important than the mere technique of piano-playing4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,growth4 ,men say the dreams of twenty-two ,the winds of thirty shall undo4444 ,we prove them liars1 do we not8 ,which of our dreams have we forgot8 --,,frank ,,betts4 8,at the end of five years' hard struggle10 writes ,dorothea ,beale in #ahfc1 8it was pleasant to read in the 7,examiner's7 ,report3 #8,this examination has convinced us that the plan and working of this institution are admirable and calculated to supply a growing want in our community 444 that of a real and solid higher education for ladies'40 ,the year #ahfd was a turbulent one4 ,the ,principal had long been dissatisfied with the college hours1 feeling that they were most unsatisfactory for teachers and children4 ,the new plan was to have school from #i4aj a4m4 to #a o'clock1 thus increasing the length of morning school and having no school in the afternoon4 ,this led to a great outcry in the town4 ,the local papers condemned the innovation4 ,teachers who wanted a half-holiday every afternoon were said to be idle4 ,parents complained that the children would be on their hands all the afternoon and they would have to engage governesses4 ,there was practically war between the local people and the ,college authorities4 ,the ,council and ,dorothea ,beale felt very strongly on this matter1 realising indeed that the future of the school probably depended on the carrying out of their plans4 ,a memorial signed by the shareholders and others was sent1 and the ,council replied that the plan would be tried for one term1 at the end of which they would consult the wishes of the parents4 ,so successful1 however1 was the scheme that at a ,general ,meeting held at the end of the time mentioned1 only eight voted in favour of the old rgime4 ,as every one knows1 the plan which ,dorothea ,beale introduced against such strong opposition has since that time been adopted by every ,high ,school1 and has in the main made for a higher standard of work1 and better health1 both in pupils and in teachers4 ,a number of children1 as a rule1 go to school in the afternoon1 but it is chiefly for preparation and lighter lessons1 such as drawing and needlework4 ,by #ahfd1 under ,mr4 ,brancker's careful administration1 all anxiety about financial matters had come to an end4 ,the ,principal continued1 however1 to do much of the teaching herself1 and the girls who were there at this time always reckoned themselves particularly fortunate that they came so directly under the influence of the ,head4 ,in later days this was1 of course1 impossible4 ,all the classes were held in the big hall1 but as soon as possible a schoolroom was provided for the lowest division4 ,dorothea ,beale1 as a rule1 took her classes there1 except very small ones which she often took in her own private rooms4 ,the strongholds of prejudice began to crumble4 ,it became easier to teach ,mathematics1 ,physics1 etc41 as a little of the old antagonism began to disappear and the number of the senior girls increased4 ,about this time she drew up her tabular scheme for learning ,english and ,world ,history4 ,many thought this system would bring a new era in the learning of dates1 etc41 but it does not seem to have been very generally adopted4 ,in these early days at ,cheltenham ,dorothea ,beale was often distressed by gossip and back-biting4 ,she was always particularly sensitive to this kind of thing1 and her actions were at times subject to the criticism even of friends4 ,but she gradually learnt to trouble less about outside adverse opinion1 though she would never have been able to tolerate the least suspicion of criticism and disloyalty within the school4 ,on one occasion an untrue rumour of a serious nature was set on foot against one of the boarding-house mistresses4 ,some in the ,college had listened to this rumour and the ,principal spoke to the teachers on the subject4 8,now ,i have nothing to do to judge them that are without4 ,we must cheerfully bear evil-speaking4 ,but if it comes from within the matter is for that reason a serious one2 for this reason ,i feel it must be traced up to its source4444 ,i feel ,i can appeal to you as lovers of truth1 as those who feel that no advantages of education1 of health1 or any other1 can compensate for the disadvantages which would arise to any children who lived in an atmosphere of evil-speaking1 lying1 and slandering40 ,more than most ,heads1 perhaps1 ,dorothea ,beale had the gift of inspiring loyalty in her staff4 ,as the ,college grew older the teachers were largely recruited from ,old ,girls4 ,some women there now1 no longer young1 have been at the ,college since childhood4 ,it would be impossible to mention the number of teachers whose love and devotion to their ,principal did much to ease her work and cheer her spirit4 ,perhaps of these none did more for her than the first ,head ,teacher whom she herself had trained4 ,this was ,miss ,belcher1 later ,head of the great school at ,bedford4 ,she was in many ways of the greatest help to ,miss ,beale1 not only in practical things but in her spiritual influence4 ,in addressing the ,head ,mistresses' ,conference just before her death1 ,dorothea ,beale spoke of some of the ,heads of schools who had been trained at ,cheltenham4 ,very affectionately she spoke of ,miss ,belcher1 and told a story of her great loyalty to the ,college4 ,miss ,belcher and another teacher1 at a time when headships were very rare1 came to her and told her that they had determined to apply for one4 ,miss ,beale said1 8,events are imminent which will shake the ,college to its very foundations04 ,they said1 8,we shall not apply04 ,her early days at ,cheltenham were very full1 so much so that her father wrote in a teasing spirit3-- 8,you always write as if you were at the top of your speed1 and this is not good4 ,i doubt not you have a great deal to occupy your time and your attention1 but pray do not be always in a hurry1 you will inevitably break down if you are so--you will lose in power what you gain in speed as certainly as in mechanics3 and with greater danger to the regularity of the machine4444 ,i am really fearful to take up your time4444 ,i daresay now that you are scrambling through my note without that respect to which the writer and the subject are entitled4 ,but pray remember that to neglect 7the care of your health7 is the worst economy in the world40 ,in #ahfb ,dorothea ,beale had the great sorrow of her father's death1 an event which left a great blank in her life4 ,holidays at this time were spent partly at ,cheltenham1 partly abroad4 ,when on the ,continent she visited schools and gained new ideas for her work4 ,for1 to her1 life and work were one4 ,nearly everything she did bore directly or indirectly on the one purpose of her life4 ,it is impossible to enter into the spirit of her life unless one realises this singleness of aim4 ,no nun1 bound to her vocation by holy vows1 could be more dedicated than was ,dorothea ,beale to the great work of education4 ,it was to her the call of the ,master to forsake all and follow ,him4 ,this spirit in her expressed itself in many ways2 in her simplicity of life1 which she maintained always4 ,her way of living was always plain1 as was her style of dress4 ,in later life she dressed more grandly1 but this was forced upon her by others who felt she ought to do so1 and was not the expression of her own wishes4 ,when she went to ,cheltenham1 she decided for the sake of her work not to go out in the evenings4 ,i believe1 as a matter of fact1 that it was quite easy to keep this resolution1 as ,cheltenham society was extremely 8exclusive0 at that time1 and was not sufficiently assured of the social position of women teachers to invite them out to anything except perhaps a quiet tea4 ,dorothea ,beale had very little small talk1 and was too quietly thoughtful to be a great success socially4 ,she was quite content to go on steadily with her teaching1 her careful preparation of lessons1 her painstaking correction of the children's work1 her thoughts and plans for wider work1 all of which were slowly but surely laying the foundations of a new intellectual world for women4 ,one of the ideas which she was never able to carry out was that of a ,sisterhood of ,teachers1 consisting of a band of teachers who should live frugal1 self-denying lives in a ,community under a ,mother ,superior4 ,these should have no personal possessions1 but should live1 as nuns do1 a life devoted to their vocation4 ,later in life she became less anxious for such a ,sisterhood1 believing that the inward spirit of consecration could exist equally well without the outward and visible signs of devotion4 ,in our day we urge the necessity of having interests outside our special calling2 to have hobbies1 games1 or a different kind of work which will be recreative2 to have1 as it were1 in our brain several lines of rails to prevent the chief one from getting worn out4 ,but though we have become more scientific in the management of life the main fact remains the same1 that the work to which we are called is a stern mistress and will demand our whole-hearted service4 ,growth is rarely a painless process1 and ,dorothea ,beale felt that some of her greatest difficulties began after the ,college entered on its period of rapid development4 ,by the year #ahga1 it had grown too big for ,cambray ,house1 and a site for a new building was purchased for the sum of #hjj4 ,this purchase had to be endorsed by the ,annual ,meeting of ,shareholders in ,june1 but this was considered a mere formality4 ,a good many shareholders1 however1 were interested in the ,cambray property1 and the meeting decided not to ratify the purchase but to re-sell the land4 ,this was a great shock to the ,council and the ,principal1 who knew the need for having bigger and better premises1 and the ,council announced their intention of resigning4 ,a special ,general ,meeting was called for ,september #cj4 ,at this meeting ,dr4 ,jex-,blake1 the ,principal of ,cheltenham ,college1 who was in the chair1 pleaded most eloquently the cause of the ,ladies' ,college4 ,i will quote part of his speech as showing something of the esteem in which the ,college was held at this date4 8,teachers so able and energetic and successful10 said he1 8have a right to the greatest consideration and the very best arrangements for teaching4 ,a ,ladies' ,college so distinguished1 second to none in ,england1 has a right to every advantage that can be secured for it3 a right to be lodged in a building of its own3 a building perfect in its internal arrangements1 and outwardly of some architectural attractiveness3 one that should be a ,college and should look like a ,college40 ,at this meeting those who desired extension carried the day1 and soon the erection of the new buildings was begun4 ,on ,lady ,day1 #ahgc1 the ,college moved into the new building4 ,so quietly and unobtrusively was this done1 that hardly a single half-hour of lessons was lost4 ,many extensions followed1 including the addition of art and music wings1 and kindergarten rooms4 ,those who were at the ,college in those days were familiar with the continual noise of building2 in #ahhb it ceased3 8after this the sound of the hammer was not heard for nearly four years40 ,dorothea ,beale's policy of building was a sound one3 it was to plan for extensions long before they were necessary1 but to build little by little as the premises were needed and money was ready for the purpose4 ,about this time many questions arose that had to be settled once and for all4 ,one was whether the ,college was to be simply a local day school1 or an institution for the furthering of women's higher education generally3 another was the government of the ,college and the defining of the ,principal's powers3 a third was whether the boarding-houses should become an intrinsic part of the ,college4 ,around all these questions storms arose and the ,principal began to feel that in leaving ,cambray ,house she had left behind her peace and happiness4 ,the ,college was finally incorporated under the ,companies' ,acts1 and the government of it revised and radically altered4 ,the ,principal's powers were more clearly defined1 and the ,council decided to take over full responsibility for the boarding-houses4 ,about this last decision she wrote to her friend1 ,miss ,arnold1 the headmistress of the ,truro ,high ,school3-- 8,i think ,i told you that after many years1 ,i have prevailed upon our ,council to take the whole risk of the boarding-houses--the pecuniary risk is of course very great1 and in case of war or sudden depression ,i don't exactly see how we should meet it1 but one must have risks and we find the moral risks of not taking pecuniary ones so great that we decided for the latter--and indeed we had to pay pretty considerable sums in law expenses and to get rid of unjust claims too4 ,we could not prove that these ladies had not lost money1 if they said they had--and if they were bad managers they did perhaps lose--and an outcry was raised that we ruined poor ladies40 ,of her attitude towards a ,principal's position and powers1 part of a letter from ,miss ,buss to ,miss ,ridley gives some idea4 8,i had a long and grave talk with ,miss ,beale1 who counsels fight1 but not on any personal ground4 ,she says3 #8,resign if there is interference with the mistress's liberty of action4 ,that is a public question and one of public interest4' ,she was so good and loving3 she was so tender3 and she is so wise and calm4 ,she told me some of her own worries and said that sometimes she quivered in every nerve at her own ,council meetings40 ,at the end of these various controversies it was realised that the ,college could not be a merely local institution1 but had a great future before it1 and was destined to play a very important part in the higher education of women from every part of the country4 ,i must not close this chapter without giving a brief account of the much-loved ,cambray ,house1 in which the ,ladies' ,college started4 ,for a time after the ,college left it was a boys' school1 but in #ahhi1 ,miss ,beale had the chance of re-purchasing it for #b1jjj and using it as a boarding-house and overflow school for girls awaiting admission to the ,college4 ,in #ahie it was enlarged1 and in #ahig the ,principal1 by ,deed of ,gift1 made it over to the ,college1 though she still ran it on her own account4 ,not until #aijf was it actually reckoned part of the ,college4 ,this is only one of the many instances of how ,dorothea ,beale spent or invested her own money for the growth and welfare of the ,college4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,work ,,of ,,love4 8,the fellowship we long for is one in which men shall be themselves as well as fellows to each other1 in which each shall know his own desire1 and there shall be a harmony among them because of a holy concord in their desires40--,,clutton ,,brock4 ,in the year #ahhj1 the ,college ,magazine was started under the editorship of ,dorothea ,beale1 who remained its editor until her death in #aijf4 ,nor was she only the editor1 but a very frequent contributor3 many of her articles which may be seen collected in book form first appeared in the ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college ,magazine4 ,the contributors were chiefly old pupils1 though ,dorothea ,beale sometimes sought contributions from writers outside ,college circles4 ,shortly after the magazine was started it became a vehicle for news of old pupils1 and was a means of binding past and present students together4 ,it is interesting to see in old ,college ,magazines the names of those who are now well-known in the literary world--,beatrice ,harraden and others4 ,the year #ahhc was what the pupils called ,miss ,beale's 8,silver ,wedding03 as she had then been twenty-five years at the ,college4 ,the ,old ,girls were anxious to give her a present on that occasion1 and the ,principal asked that they should give something to the ,college4 ,the gift took the form of a beautiful organ1 to be placed in the ,first ,division ,room--the largest hall at that time--above the ,principal's das4 ,the meeting of ,old ,girls was fixed for ,july #f and #g4 ,less than a month before it1 ,dorothea ,beale had the sorrow of losing her great friend1 ,mrs4 ,owen4 ,she went on1 as was her wont1 with the preparations for the 8silver wedding0 assembly1 quietly and calmly1 not letting her own private griefs intrude on her public duties4 ,the ,principal received her guests at eight o'clock on ,friday evening4 ,about a thousand old pupils were present4 ,to many of them the building was quite new1 and they were charmed with the beauty of it1 decorated for the occasion by flowers and plants everywhere4 ,on the ,saturday morning she had a large breakfast party1 and prayers were held in the great hall4 ,it must have been a thrilling experience for ,dorothea ,beale to hear for the first time so many of her ,old ,girls sing1 8,o ,god1 our help in ages past10 to the accompaniment of the new organ4 ,after prayers she gave an address1 chiefly on music4 ,she spoke first of the different kinds of music1 the noble and the ignoble1 the lofty and the base3 the music which1 like the song of the lotus-eaters1 lulls us to forget all sense of duty1 and obligation to home and kindred1 and that which arouses all our highest powers4 ,she spoke then of the different music of life1 of nature1 of faith1 of every human soul4 ,the end of this speech expressed an idea that had been in her mind for a long time1 that of forming a guild of former pupils4 ,the fundamental aims of the ,guild would be to bind old students to their ,alma ,mater3 to keep them1 by means of the magazine and ,old ,girls' meetings1 in touch with one another3 to enable them to help one another3 and perhaps by and by to take up some corporate work4 ,this suggestion of an ,old ,pupils' ,association was taken up at once1 and a meeting was fixed for the following year4 ,a year later the ,guild was established4 ,the daisy had been chosen as the emblem of the ,guild and a brooch had been devised1 the design combining the flower and the monogram of the ,college4 ,the guests were welcomed on ,tuesday evening1 ,july #h1 #ahhd1 and on ,wednesday morning after prayers ,dorothea ,beale gave the inaugural address of the ,guild4 ,her outlook on life was essentially that of the devout poet1 who sees in the visible world the signs and symbols of spiritual truths4 ,to her1 the daisy1 the emblem of the ,guild1 was full of suggestion4 ,she dealt with allusions to the daisy in our poets1 explaining why they loved this little humble flower4 ,she spoke of its sturdy independence--8,you never see it turning towards other flowers3 it can only look up04 ,she took the independence of the daisy as a symbol of the friendship of middle and later life1 the friendship which means little direct intercourse1 only the consciousness of a union in spirit and a looking towards the same ends4 8,we have chosen the daisy as our emblem1 the single eye1 the true sunflower1 the real heliotrope that stands ever gazing upward4 ,it is changed into an image of the sun himself3 it is like a censer ever burning towards heaven1 a speck of heavenly beauty1 a star come down to brighten the dark places of the earth40 ,the ,guild meetings were held every second year1 and were a source of great pleasure1 interest1 and inspiration to those who had known ,dorothea ,beale as ,principal4 8,she had a wonderful memory10 writes one of her former pupils1 8for her ,old ,girls1 especially for those who1 like me1 belonged to the old days of ,cambray ,house1 and could remember the excitement and delight of going into the new building4 ,i shall never forget the warmth of her greeting at that last ,guild or how at the #8,at ,home' in the evening she stopped me in the corridor to say1 #8,i was told that all five ,c----'s were here1 and ,i have only seen four4 ,where is ,m----8' ,i believe that there were about #abjj ,old ,girls there1 and to think of her keeping count like that of those whom she had seen was simply amazing40 ,pupils of a later date1 who thought ,dorothea ,beale had hardly known them at ,college1 were often astonished to find that their old ,principal not only knew them1 but remembered incidents of their ,college days1 or events which happened afterwards4 ,an older girl and her sister were both sent to ,college and the latter left from the third division because her people left ,cheltenham2 but her elder sister1 ,gertrude1 stayed on and eventually joined the ,guild4 ,years after the younger one met the ,principal and went up to speak to her and1 never thinking that she could possibly remember her1 meant to explain who she was4 ,but before she could do so ,miss ,beale1 on seeing her1 began without any preliminaries3 8,why has your sister left the ,guild80 ,in the year #ahgf ,miss ,margaret ,newman had made an offer to ,dorothea ,beale that she would start a boarding-house for students who wished to become teachers and found it difficult to obtain the necessary training4 ,she offered to pay #ge a year towards expenses1 and in addition to give her time and services4 ,this involved a good deal of strain and work1 as it meant living in a small house with only one maid1 and having in addition the responsibility of the girl students4 ,at the end of one year ,miss ,newman became ill and died after a short illness4 ,those who knew her felt that death had been hastened by the devoted work for which she had hardly had sufficient strength4 ,her work1 however1 was not ended4 ,in the brief space of one year ,miss ,newman had won such love and affection for herself and such sympathy with her noble object that people felt her work must go on4 ,it was this strong feeling which made ,dorothea ,beale depart from her usual plan of not asking for money4 ,as soon as she asked1 #abjj was immediately given1 half of it by the ,college staff4 8,she had left10 said ,dorothea ,beale1 8a legacy of #ajj to carry it on1 and1 as has been mentioned1 further sums were given by friends1 and about #fjj by the ,college staff4 ,the number of students had steadily increased1 and it was determined by the trustees in whom the management was vested to build a residential college and trust to the small profits each year gradually to pay off the debt thereby incurred4 ,they therefore purchased the site on ,bayshill1 and arrangements were made for the erection of the building to designs prepared by ,mr4 ,middleton4 ,cheltenham was one of the first colleges to establish training for ,secondary ,teachers4 ,after much thought it was decided to call the new hall of residence ,st4 ,hilda's4 8,st4 ,hilda's10 said she1 8seemed a particularly appropriate ideal for our students4 ,she was consecrated by ,bishop ,aidan and made ,head of the most important house of education of her day4 ,she had1 ,bede tells us1 been diligently instructed by learned men and she was the patron of our earliest poet1 ,caedmon4 ,she insisted much that those under her direction should attend to the reading of the ,holy ,scriptures4 ,she taught the strict observance of justice and other virtues1 particularly of peace and charity40 ,on ,november #bg1 #ahhe1 the building was formally opened4 ,a beautiful statue of ,st4 ,hilda was presented by a brother of some old pupils4 ,she holds in her hand the ,vulgate open at the words 8,videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate3 tune autem facie ad faciem4 ,nunc cognosco ex parte3 tunc autem cognoscam sicut et cognitus sum0 7#a ,cor4 xiii4 #ab74 ,over the door are the words of ,plato1 4 ,on the study walls are these texts--8,shew ,thy servants ,thy work and their children ,thy glory03 8,knowledge puffeth up1 charity buildeth up03 8,let nothing be done through strife or vain-glory04 ,seven years later another ,saint ,hilda's was established1 this time at ,oxford4 ,dorothea ,beale had for long years realised the enormous advantage to students of living for a time in the atmosphere of the older ,universities4 ,she thought that a time at ,oxford or ,cambridge could give to a student1 who had already begun her teaching career1 inspiration and mental stimulus that nothing else could give4 ,her idea was that they should have a year for general reading1 rather than for examination work1 though those who wished to take examinations should be allowed to do so4 ,in #ahib1 ,miss ,beale purchased from ,dr4 ,child1 ,cowley ,house1 ,oxford1 a beautifully situated house1 overlooking ,christ ,church meadows4 ,the work was begun in ,october1 #ahic1 there being at that time seven students with ,mrs4 ,burrows as ,principal4 ,it was formally opened on ,november #f1 the mid-term holiday of ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college1 and many of the staff and pupils went to the opening ceremony4 ,st4 ,hilda's work was soon extended in another direction1 not indeed along ,dorothea ,beale's lines1 though she was too wise to offer any opposition4 ,in the year #ahhh a meeting of the ,guild was held1 and the proposal was made that it should take up some definite outside work4 ,there were several proposals1 but an overwhelming majority of the ,guild decided on the plan of starting a settlement in the ,east ,end of ,london4 ,as a result of this decision ,mayfield ,house1 close to ,bethnal ,green1 was taken by the ,committee4 ,dorothea ,beale was greatly disappointed and did not conceal the fact4 ,at a ,general ,guild ,meeting in alluding to this subject she said3-- 8,i trust we shall be able to try to win harmony out of notes not altogether concordant4 ,some of us come with a feeling of disappointment that the scheme we desired has been rejected--,i am one of these4 ,i not only accept my defeat1 ,i feel sure that you have sought guidance of that inward oracle which must ever be our supreme rule1 you have done what conscience bade and so it is right4 ,as regards my own scheme1 ,i only allude to it to say that1 having now to continue it single-handed1 ,i cannot help you as much as ,i could wish1 and ,i just refer to it to-day in the hope that you will remember it when ,i am no longer here40 ,after some years of work at ,mayfield ,house a house was built specially for the ,guild settlement close to ,shoreditch ,church4 ,the latter was opened in #ahie4 ,the ,guild took up this task in the ,east ,end with great enthusiasm1 and many of the members were willing to sacrifice time and money to help on the work they had undertaken4 ,dorothea ,beale seems never to have taken kindly to charitable work4 ,she had a great horror of the demoralisation caused by the giving of 8doles04 ,many of her friends thought that she realised little of the suffering and demoralisation caused by extreme poverty4 ,after a time she became much more interested in the ,guild settlement1 realising what a valuable centre it formed for training young workers4 ,it was this aspect of the work rather than its charitable purpose that appealed to her most strongly4 ,all through her life she touched with a very doubtful hand enterprises connected with giving to individuals4 ,she felt very strongly that the effect was in almost every case demoralising4 ,when free meals for necessitous school children were introduced1 she was very much concerned about them1 dreading the weakening of parental responsibility4 ,she knew little of the poor1 however1 and of the evil effects of poverty itself1 and was in consequence less harassed by doubts than those of us who see these social problems following one another in an endless vicious circle4 ,in this connection one might mention that she never cared much for scholarships1 though as time went on she accepted one or two for the ,college1 and she herself founded one at ,casterton ,school4 ,she preferred to lend money to those who wished for training which they could not afford4 ,during her time at ,cheltenham she lent money to many students3 it had to be returned when the student began to earn money1 and in hardly any cases did the student fail to do so4 ,she felt very strongly that people value much more highly that for which they have to struggle1 and had an almost morbid dread of the demoralising effect of charity on character4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,interests1 ,,honours1 ,,and ,a ,,journey4 8,glory of ,virtue1 to fight1 to struggle to right the wrong4 ,nay1 but she aimed not at glory1 no lover of glory she3 ,give her the glory of going on and still to be40 --,,tennyson4 ,those who are called to a great work often pass through times of darkness1 during which they lose for a time their vision of the eternal realities which have meant everything to them4 ,dorothea ,beale about the middle of her work at ,cheltenham passed through such an experience4 ,with weak health and clouded faith she strove1 however1 to live in the spirit of ,matthew ,arnold's lines-- ,tasks in hours of insight willed ,may be through hours of gloom fulfilled1 and only a few intimate friends knew what she suffered at this time4 ,a few extracts from her journal at this time show something of the ups and downs of her illness1 and the courage with which she fought what at first she did not realise to be illness4 ,her diary of #ahgh contains many such entries as3-- ,february #bf4--;,i have idled away precious time1 neglected individual work4 ,because my own will is weak ,i could not strengthen another4 ,february #bg4--;,in bed all day4 ,there are duties still undone though ,i see death near4 ,february #bh4--,not in college4 ,much time wasted and ,i was disobedient to the voice of duty4 ,march #ae4--;,a little more work for my children to-day4 ,i thank ,thee for some help4 ,may ,i consecrate time and energies to ,thee4 ,april #e4--,tried1 but not successfully1 with my ,confirmation children4 ,feeling too ill to do well4 ,thy ,will be done4 ,in #ahhb she passed through a time of great darkness and depression1 but she finally won through as one of her indomitable spirit was bound to do4 ,when this experience had passed ,dorothea ,beale had changed4 ,her religion had become more spiritual2 her knowledge of other souls more intimate2 her desire to help those passing through similar experiences1 intense4 ,one of the immediate results of her time of difficulty was the starting of ,quiet ,days or ,retreats for teachers at ,cheltenham at the end of the summer term1 alternatively with the biennial ,guild meetings4 ,to her1 a teacher's work was first and foremost spiritual2 and she realised the need of times of refreshment and re-establishment in the faith for those who are continually 8giving out04 ,the ,quiet ,days she established proved a great help to many teachers from all parts1 and her letters to old pupils and others passing through times of difficulty reveal a great insight only given by personal experience4 ,to her friend1 ,miss ,belcher1 she wrote3-- 8,we were all so full of hope at first and are much disappointed that relief has not come2 444 ,i think1 perhaps1 you may be specially suffering for one1 that her faith may be once more awakened4 ,every sufferer thus #8lifted up' does in a measure draw the hearts of others to ,him through whom we are able to reveal the power of faith40 ,to another she wrote3-- 8,i have just heard of this fresh trouble4 ,surely you must be intended to do some work for others specially needing heart's blood4 ,this paper was put into my hands just as ,i heard of your fresh disappointment and anxiety40 ,the mediatorial and purifying purpose of suffering is an idea frequently found in her writing4 ,the ,south ,african ,war was a great burden on her mind4 ,in #aijj she wrote3-- 8,it is difficult to keep up one's active powers with this nightmare2 one is so sure that all suffering is intended to be purifying and we must glorify ,god in the fires40 ,dorothea ,beale always had a great objection to desultory work1 and though she of necessity touched many interests wider than those of ,cheltenham1 she kept the main part of her time and strength for her own particular work4 ,her association with various enterprises was always greatly valued1 and her work and influence were felt to be a great help4 ,some of the educational work in which she was specially interested and took a part was represented by the ,head-,mistresses' ,association1 the ,teachers' ,guild1 the ,froebel ,society1 the ,child ,study ,association1 the ,parents' ,national ,union1 and ,sunday ,schools4 ,she would send delegates from the ,college to consider any new educational system4 ,a local institution that always claimed her sympathy was a ,working ,men's ,college started at ,cheltenham and greatly helped by her friends1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,owen4 ,she read a paper there on one occasion1 on self-support and self-government4 8,i do not think there are many10 she said1 8belonging to this ,college1 who could not pay a few shillings annually4 ,self-denial adds value to energy4444 ,everybody does not agree with me4 ,some think you will misunderstand--think we do not want to help4 ,i do not think you will2 to judge by my own feelings ,i like to be independent40 ,then she spoke of the early difficulties at the ,ladies' ,college and the lack of money during her first years there4 8,i am quite sure10 she went on1 8that our ,college would not have been what it is if we had had money to fall back upon4 ,i might myself have left the helm and gone to sit quietly in the cabin while the vessel drifted on to the rocks40 ,dorothea ,beale kept throughout life a youthfulness of outlook which made her able to enthuse over things that strongly attracted her attention and interest4 ,one day some one brought to her on a lily-leaf a dragon-fly emerging from the pupa4 ,to her mind1 as to ,mrs4 ,gatty's1 this became a symbol of the resurrection4 ,all that summer the college heard much of the thought it had suggested1 and many were the 8transformations0 witnessed4 ,she wrote a paper--8,is ,death the ,end80 and wanted to read it at a little mission maintained by her friends1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,owen4 ,they would not allow her to do so1 though she was perfectly sure she would be able to interest the poor people4 ,this reminds the writer of a similar incident4 ,a lady had given what she believed to be a thrilling lecture on the dragon-fly to a number of ,east ,end girls4 ,they listened most attentively and seemed greatly interested4 ,but the lecturer's self-satisfaction received something of a shock when at the end she heard one girl say to another in a very ,cockney accent1 8,why1 it's nothing but a fly1 after all60 ,probably ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,owen were right4 ,dorothea ,beale was not directly interested in missionary work until the year #ahhc1 when ,pundita ,ramabai was sent by the ,wantage ,sisters to study at ,cheltenham ,college4 ,under her influence she studied ,hindu religion and philosophy1 and became greatly concerned about the condition of widows in ,india4 ,when ,ramabai established her ,home for ,widows at ,mukti1 ,dorothea ,beale became a regular and large subscriber4 ,among her papers was found an appeal evidently intended to reach the minds of educated ,hindus4 8,my heart10 she wrote1 8is stirred by sorrow and pity for those suffering widows of ,india2 but there are some whom ,i pity more--those who inflict the sorrow on them1 since it is far better to suffer than to do wrong4444 ,but what grieves me1 too1 is the thought of the waste of all that wonderful amount of energy and life that ,god has given your country-women in order to bless others4 8,if the men of ,india believe in ,god's goodness and wisdom1 as ,i think they must1 even though they may not trust ,him1 they must think ,he has not made all those widows to be a burden and a misery to themselves and others1 but to do good work4 ,what mistakes people make when they think they are wiser than ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 8,i can remember when #8,old ,maid' was a term of contempt in ,england1 but it is not so now2 you have seen me and sixty old maids working together happy and content1 and if ,i could send out a hundred women where ,i can now send one1 ,i should not have too many1 so constant are the demands for #8old maids1' as you would call them--for teachers1 nurses1 missionaries1 and all sorts of good work4444 ,india will some time feel all that her wasted women's life can do40 ,with regard to missionary work for girls1 she was always afraid lest the glamour and romance of it should tempt them away from obvious duties at home4 ,dorothea ,beale1 perhaps because of her early acquaintance with ,mrs4 ,lancaster's work1 was always ready to support any agencies for the protection of girls and women4 ,as far back as '#hf she wrote3-- 8,i would 444 urge the formation of a body of women-policemen who could safely do work which could not be undertaken by men-policemen or clergymen4 ,these should undertake to watch over registries for women1 shops where women work1 to establish labour registers themselves and take care that women were not paid starvation wages2 to enter 7under protection7 suspected houses2 to watch railway stations1 shops10 etc4 ,she was always anxious for the vote to be granted to women1 knowing that many reforms were impossible without it4 ,she was saddened by ,mr4 ,balfour's ,education ,bill of #aijb1 feeling that by the abolition of ,school ,boards on which women had been well represented1 the cause of the vote had received a serious 8set-back04 ,many other causes received her sympathy and financial help4 ,agnes ,weston's work among sailors always appealed to her1 as did also all efforts to set discharged prisoners on their feet again4 ,she had1 too1 a warm spot in her heart for sufferers of her own class1 impoverished women teachers and other workers4 ,dorothea ,beale never cared much for prizes4 ,she felt that the work ought to be done for the work's sake1 as it indeed was at ,cheltenham4 ,there were prizes given on the examination results and standards reached1 but these were simply fetched by the prize-winners from the secretary's room at the beginning of the next term4 ,no emphasis was laid upon them and they were rather an acknowledgment of good work than something to be striven for4 ,the ,college itself did little to attract public attention4 ,it had no speech-day to draw celebrities to it1 and went on year after year unnoticed save by those associated with it1 and those who had a real interest in education4 ,in the eighties1 however1 outside people began to honour the ,college in various ways4 ,john ,ruskin was one of the first to do so1 by presenting it with some beautiful old manuscripts and printed books4 ,he often criticised the ,college ,magazine4 ,on one occasion he hurt the editor deeply by criticising the verses of a dear friend4 ,to her protest he replied3-- 8,,dear ,,miss ,,beale1 8,i am grieved very deeply to have written what ,i did of your dead friend's verses4 ,if you knew how full my own life has been of sorrow1 how every day of it begins with a death-knell1 you would bear with me in what ,i will yet venture to say to you as the head of a noble school of women's thought1 that no personal feelings should ever be allowed to influence you in what you permit your scholars either to read or to publish40 ,and again1 a little later3-- 8,,dear ,,miss ,,beale1 8,so many thanks1 and again and again ,i ask your pardon for the pain ,i gave you4 ,i had no idea of the kind of person you were1 ,i thought you were merely clever and proud4 8,these substituted verses are lovely4 8,ever gratefully yours1 8,j4 ,r40 ,in #ahhi and #aijj1 the ,ladies' ,college won gold medals for its educational exhibits at the ,paris ,exhibitions4 ,in #ahid ,dorothea ,beale was called to give evidence before another ,royal ,commission for inquiring into the condition of girls' schools4 ,in #ahig1 the ,empress ,frederick visited the college1 and in #ahii ,princess ,henry of ,battenberg1 the latter to unveil a marble bust of ,queen ,victoria4 ,in the year #ahih there was an outbreak of smallpox in ,england4 ,it was particularly bad in ,gloucestershire1 and five times it broke out in ,cheltenham4 8,cheltenham10 says ,mrs4 ,raikes1 8largely owed its immunity to the exertions of the ,lady ,principal1 who insisted on re-vaccination where it was necessary for every one connected with the college4 ,this meant not only teachers1 pupils1 servants1 but all who had to do with any college girl in any capacity--all in the homes of the day-pupils--all in the shops which served the boarding-houses--the whole railway staff at the different stations4 ,the ,college custom was too good to lose and she carried her point4 ,such a drastic measure had its comic side1 as was perceived by the saucy butcher boy1 who shouted to a boarding-house cook1 8,i must know if you are vaccinated before ,i deliver this meat04 ,the father of a girl who had an important examination in a few weeks refused to allow her to be vaccinated4 ,the ,head refused to keep her1 and a cab was actually at the door to take her away when a telegram came from the girl's father--8,may do as she pleases0--which took away the necessity for the cab4 ,for personal honours ,dorothea ,beale cared not at all1 but she valued them because they reflected glory on the ,college4 ,towards the end of her life many honours were bestowed upon her4 ,she was greatly honoured at the ,international ,congresses of ,education held in ,paris in #ahhi4 ,later she was made ,officier de l',acadmie1 and in #ahij1 the ,socit des ,professeurs de ,langues ,vivantes held its meeting at ,cheltenham4 ,durham ,university next conferred upon her the distinction of ,tutor in ,letters4 ,in #ahih she was elected a ,corresponding ,member of the ,national ,educational ,association1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,an honour unusual for a woman was conferred on ,dorothea ,beale1 in #aija1 when she received the freedom of the ,borough of ,cheltenham4 ,in the words of the ,town ,council resolution it was decreed3-- 8,that in recognition of the great work she has done for the education of women in ,england1 and especially of the unique position to which under her direction the ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college has attained among the educational institutions of the country1 ,miss ,dorothea ,beale be1 in pursuance and exercise of the ,honorary ,freedom of the ,boroughs' ,act1 #ahhe1 admitted to the ,honorary ,freedom of this ,borough40 ,dorothea ,beale in her reply said3-- 8,to invite a woman to be a ,freeman of a town is1 ,i venture to believe1 an expression of the thought that not the individual1 but the family with its twofold life1 is the true unit and type of the ,state1 that social and civil and national prosperity depend on the communion of labour1 and that the ideal commonwealth is realised only in proportion as the dream of one of our poets is fulfilled1 and men and women #8,walk this world ,yoked in all exercise of noble ends4'0 ,shortly after this she was co-opted a member of the ,advisory ,board of the ,university of ,london4 ,the highest honour ,dorothea ,beale received came in #aijb4 ,it was an invitation from the ,university of ,edinburgh to receive the ,,ll4,d4 degree4 ,her students and staff were delighted1 and the latter determined to present her with her robes4 ,these were the most beautiful and costly they could procure4 ,the degree was conferred in the ,mc,ewan ,hall of the ,university4 ,others who received the degree at the same time were the ,lord ,chief ,justice of ,england 7,lord ,alverstone71 ,mr4 ,asquith1 ,mr4 ,austin ,dobson1 ,sir ,john ,batty ,tuke1 and ,dr4 ,rucker1 ,principal of the ,university of ,london4 ,only once before had the ,university conferred this honour on a woman4 ,sir ,ludovic ,grant in summing up ,dorothea ,beale's claim to a national recognition gave an excellent epitome of her work3-- 8,no feature of the national progress during the last fifty years is more remarkable than the revolution which has transformed our girls' schools from occidental zenanas into centres of healthy activity4 ,in the great crusade which has been crowned with this most desirable consummation the foremost champion was the cultured and intrepid lady who guides the destinies of the ,ladies' ,college1 ,cheltenham4 ,it was largely due to ,miss ,beale's indomitable advocacy on platform and on paper1 that the barriers of parental prejudice were broken down1 that the ancient idols1 venerated by a former generation--,mangnall1 ,pinnock1 and ,lindley ,murray--were shattered1 and that barren catechism and lifeless epitome were compelled to give place to fructifying studies1 and the futile promenade to invigorating recreations4 ,i need not remind you that ,miss ,beale's apostolic ardour is equalled by her administrative abilities4 ,when she went to ,cheltenham her pupils were counted by tens3 to-day they are to be counted by hundreds1 and the institution in respect of organisation and educational efficiency will bear comparison with the best of the great ,english public schools4 ,among the collateral benefits resulting from the great movement for the higher education of women1 in which ,miss ,beale has played so conspicuous a part1 not the least important is the power which the ,scotch ,universities have obtained of conferring their honorary degrees upon women1 and therefore it is with no ordinary satisfaction that the ,university of ,edinburgh now exercises this power by begging ,miss ,beale's acceptance of an honour which has been brought within the reach of her sex largely through her own endeavours40 ,she wrote to the ,vice-,principal a delightful account of the ceremony1 which she seems to have thoroughly enjoyed4 8,i am persuaded10 said she1 8that my robes were far superior to any other40 ,from ,edinburgh she went to ,glasgow where she found herself in the midst of 8,old ,girls04 8,we are often in spirit in ,cheltenham10 wrote she1 8and ,i must send you a few last words to wish you all very happy holidays4444 ,on ,monday a large number of distinguished people were invited to meet us1 and yesterday afternoon we had a party of about thirty ,cheltonians4 ,in the evening we dined with ,professor and ,mrs4 ,george ,adam ,smith4 ,i sat next to ,professor ,jones1 who has written a book on ,browning1 and on the other side was the ,rector1 ,dr4 ,story4444 ,i think we shall come back refreshed and with some new ideas40 ,she went from ,glasgow to stay with other old pupils in ,scotland1 then to ,newcastle1 where she was asked to launch a ship4 ,she evidently thought this would be a very damp proceeding and arrived in india-rubber shoes and a dress thoroughly looped up4 8,much as she disliked adventure10 says ,mrs4 ,raikes1 8she was prepared to march into the ,tyne if the glory of the ,ladies' ,college demanded it40 ,this three weeks' tour she thoroughly enjoyed1 and came back refreshed and strengthened and warmed in heart by the love and kindness of her 8,old ,girls0 and the appreciation shown her everywhere4 ,in the autumn of #aijb she was compelled to give up work for a time4 ,her sight was causing anxiety and she was not allowed either to read or to write4 ,miss ,berridge went with her to ,bath and wrote of their life together3-- 8,we brought with us ,adam ,smith's work on the 8,minor ,prophets0 and also ,jane ,austen's 8,persuasion04 ,at first we stuck to the 8,prophets10 but at last ,jane got a hearing and since then she has utterly ousted the 8,prophets04 ,it has been rather amusing to note how many excellent reasons there were for giving ,jane the preference4 ,miss ,beale was--tired--or sleepy--or not very well and could not attend to anything that required thought1 or it was near lunch--or tea--or supper-time and therefore it was not worth while1 etc41 etc41 and ,i think she has really liked the story very much4444 ,miss ,beale is very much better1 though of course far from being her former energetic self4 ,but we have still more than a fortnight before us and if she makes as much progress in that time as she has done in the fortnight just gone1 we may be very well satisfied40 ,she recovered wonderfully and was back at her work at the end of term4 ,but from this time she seems to have realised the need for greater care of her health and the next summer she took a 8,kur0 at ,oeynhausen4 ,it was about this time that those who knew and loved ,dorothea ,beale began to realise that some day the great ,head would be removed and that there was no worthy memorial of her3 no portrait which would remind her 8children0 of their school mother1 and would speak to future generations of the ,foundress to whom they owed so much4 ,the ,council first approached her through their chairman1 ,sir ,samuel ,johnson4 ,she suggested in reply that ,miss ,stirling1 who had a modelling class at the ,college1 should model her portrait in clay or terra-cotta4 ,after this the ,council's request took the form of a resolution4 ,to this ,dorothea ,beale replied that she had a very great objection to a portrait of herself being hung up during her life3 that it would use up funds needed for improvements in the ,college1 and that it would give people an exaggerated idea of the work that she had been allowed to do for the ,college4 ,again she suggested that ,miss ,stirling should make a model in clay1 which could be executed in stone by ,mr4 ,martyn4 ,the final appeal was made by the ,guild meeting of #aijb1 after which ,dorothea ,beale surrendered1 and allowed her portrait to be painted by ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,shannon4 ,in her reply to those who were so desirous of having a worthy memorial of their revered and loved ,principal1 she said3-- 8,the unbiassed artist represents his subject as she is1 not as she seems to be to those who are good enough to overlook her defects and love her in spite of them40 ,whilst the ,principal was sitting for ,mr4 ,shannon1 various friends read aloud to her4 8,lorna ,doone0 was one of the books4 ,it 8amused the painter10 ,dorothea ,beale said4 ,the portrait1 a very attractive one1 was presented by the ,duchess of ,bedford on ,november #h1 #aijd4 ,in ,dorothea's ,beale's reply1 she said that she looked on the desire for a portrait as one not for a person but for a ,principal1 a representative who would live on long after the person had passed away4 ,the illuminated book containing the names of the donors she looked upon as a personal gift4 ,the ,college ,jubilee celebrations were held in ,may1 #aije4 ,lord ,londonderry opened a large new wing for science teaching1 and well-known people spoke at this gathering1 which was the only public ,commemoration the college had had4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,some ,,characteristics ,,and ,,ideas4 8,universal ,history 444 is at bottom1 the ,history of the ,great ,men who have worked here40--,,carlyle4 ,dorothea ,beale is one of the few people to whom we can apply the adjective great4 ,as one reads the story of her life this quality is very clearly marked4 ,she was great in her thoughts1 great in her plans1 great in her deeds4 ,it is impossible to define greatness1 but it is a quality that is easily recognisable by those who have the power to see4 ,she had a well-balanced brain1 an extremely desirable possession in an educationalist4 ,whether she would have done superlatively good work in one subject1 had she specialised1 it is impossible to say1 but she certainly did extremely good work in many subjects--,history1 ,mathematics1 ,philosophy1 ,languages--to mention only a few4 ,such all-round capacity is very valuable in a ,head ,mistress1 as it enables her to judge fairly the teaching that is being given in almost every subject4 ,intellectually she was abnormally active3 rest was to her an impossibility1 and up to the end of her life she kept this marvellous mental energy4 ,the amount of work she was able to do was prodigious3 her administrative duties1 her teaching1 her literary essays--she wrote a considerable amount--her vast correspondence1 implied a mass of work that few people could get through4 ,her great powers made it rather difficult for her to understand people of limited capacity1 though she tried to do so4 ,dorothea ,beale was a great organiser4 ,teachers who went to the ,ladies' ,college from other schools were amazed at the perfect organisation1 and were greatly impressed by the way in which ,dorothea ,beale kept in touch with everything4 ,she was like a centre to which were attached invisible wires from every girl and every teacher4 ,one of her leading ideas was to work through her staff4 ,she knew she could accomplish infinitely more with their sympathy and help than by trying to do things herself4 ,a piece of advice she frequently offered to her teachers was to get others to do anything they could1 so as to leave their own energies for the essential part of their work1 the part that no one else could do4 ,the doctrine of conservation of energy she preached much to her staff4 ,she dreaded for them the exhausting effect of even too much enthusiasm4 ,holidays1 she said1 were to be used for the refreshment of body1 mind1 and soul3 and she advised them to avoid anything that might impair their health4 ,her humour was subtle and not always understood4 ,she frequently said most humorous things with a perfectly grave face1 so that people who did not understand her often quoted her jokes to prove her lack of humour4 ,one day she said to the girls that she believed her friend1 ,mr4 ,x41 always made a plan of learning poetry while he shaved1 and she commended it to them as a practice they should all immediately follow6 ,as life went on1 ,i believe1 ,dorothea ,beale became rather unpractical in personal matters1 and when she had to do things for herself did them with difficulty4 ,happily she usually had some one to look after her4 8,i had a great deal of talk with her10 wrote one of her ,old ,girls1 8at one of the ,head ,mistresses' ,conferences1 and ,i remember her giving me such an amusing account of her attempts to blow up an air-cushion for herself1 that we both laughed until the tears ran down our faces40 ,at the age of sixty-seven ,dorothea ,beale took to cycling4 ,at first she attempted a bicycle1 but this was somewhat difficult at that advanced age1 so she took the advice of her friends and rode1 instead1 a tricycle4 ,most mornings about seven o'clock she was to be seen riding along the ,cheltenham streets4 8,the milkmen know how to keep out of my way10 she used laughingly to say4 ,the tricycle was a source of great pleasure to her1 as it enabled her to get out easily and quickly into quiet country1 where she could enjoy the beauty and solitude of nature4 ,her writing became rather illegible1 though in youth it was good4 ,there is a story told of her which sounds to me rather the kind of anecdote that is applied to different people in succession4 ,after a ,scripture class a girl received back a written exercise with a remark by ,dorothea ,beale at the end4 ,the girl gazed at the remark1 looking at it in every possible way1 but could not decipher it4 ,the book was handed round the class1 but no one could read the red-ink hieroglyphics4 ,finally some genius hit on the interpretation--8,write legibly60 ,the living monument of ,dorothea ,beale's work is a testimony to her greatness of soul1 her patience and her power to wait4 ,yet1 curiously enough1 she was in smaller things often very impetuous3 sometimes she forgot decisions made hastily and difficulties ensued4 ,all her life ,dorothea ,beale had to fight against extreme sensitiveness and shyness4 ,she1 who never shrank from any duty1 however difficult1 often shrank from the society of those who might be unsympathetic1 and was sorely wounded by adverse criticism4 ,yet in a larger sense1 she did not trouble about the judgment of others1 accustomed as she was throughout life to submit herself to a ,higher ,judge4 ,she found it difficult to make advances to other people and always welcomed the fearless1 happy girls who ventured to treat her as a comrade and friend4 ,no doubt this sensitiveness helped her much in her dealings with others4 ,it gave her the power of sympathising1 especially in times of sorrow and difficulty3 one has only to read some of her letters to see how powerful she was in this way4 ,a few extracts will illustrate this point3-- 8,i need not tell you ,i have felt much for you4 ,one could not have wished the suffering prolonged1 and yet one does not feel the loss less4 ,happily1 one seems generally to forget1 when all is over1 the last painful incidents of the sickness1 and to remember the past years4 ,few have had a more devoted mother4 ,how proud she was of your success60 ,to another1 on her father's death3-- 8,i must write you one line of sympathy in this great sorrow4 ,i know how much you loved your dear father and had longed for this visit1 and now there will be a great blank4 ,you will not think now1 #8how glad he will be if ,i do well'40 ,to one going through great spiritual struggle3-- 8,indeed1 dear child1 ,i do feel for you4 ,when you are freer you must come and see me and we will talk over things4 ,i shall not think you wicked but believe that you do want to know ,god1 and that ,he is sorry for you because you do care1 but cannot see40 ,to her dear friend1 ,miss ,belcher1 when the latter was suffering from the illness which was to bring the end3-- 8,i am looking forward to ,friday4 ,i thought of you so much on this the ,physician's ,st4 ,luke's day as we sang that beautiful ,hymn and ,psalm xxx3 and our window told of the raising of the daughter by the ,healer40 ,dorothea ,beale presented the perhaps not unusual combination of the practical woman of affairs and the mystic4 ,her business capacity and power of organisation were remarkable1 and yet she had essentially the mind of a poet4 ,hers was the type of mind that is continually seeing a revelation of the spiritual in all material things1 in history1 in literature1 and in sympathy with kindred souls4 ,her ,scripture lessons she considered one of the chief parts of her work4 ,she always took the greatest care with her preparation for these classes and made them the subject of prayer4 ,some used to complain that her lessons were vague1 and not intelligible1 but even those who did not understand felt a greatness and an uplifting power which were a help to them4 ,in #ahhj she wrote to a young teacher4 8,i used to prepare my lessons on my knees 7don't say this to others74 ,you would find it a help1 ,i think1 to do this sometimes40 ,her literature lessons were rather unusual4 ,she dealt with the great writers in a great way1 and used these lessons for conveying moral teaching that could not very well be given in ,scripture lessons4 ,browning she loved1 and her senior girls never left school without having been introduced by ,dorothea ,beale to some of his great1 shorter poems4 ,her book on ,literary ,studies gives one an idea of how she dealt with literature in her classes4 ,there is in this book a very interesting dialogue1 between a person of the seventeenth and one of the nineteenth century on the theology of 8,paradise ,lost04 ,after an interesting discussion on the different conceptions of ,god and ,his ways the seventeenth century representative says3-- 8,you do not do justice to us4 ,you do not think ,bunyan meant us to believe ,christian took a real journey away from a particular town4 ,why do you suppose ,milton meant that ,satan was thrown out of a special place in this1 which we call space8 ,you do not think that the ,red ,cross ,knight was believed by ,spenser1 or ,christian by ,bunyan1 to have been immersed in a dark dungeon40 ,on the subject of marriage ,dorothea ,beale had very high ideals4 ,she urged girls to become independent by their own efforts1 so that they should never be tempted to a mercenary marriage4 ,she was very scornful of the type of modern novel that represents men and women as slaves of their passions1 unrestrained by the bonds of marriage or the claims of morality4 ,before she finally accepted her vocation ,dorothea ,beale was herself for a short time engaged to be married3 but the engagement came to an end1 and the work of a great school1 instead of a quiet home1 became her part in life4 ,her literary activities were considerable4 ,she wrote on a good many subjects1 but chiefly on those connected with her work4 ,some of her essays were published in the ,college ,magazine1 others in periodicals4 ,all her work gives one much food for thought4 ,the ,bishop of ,stepney1 at the memorial service held for ,dorothea ,beale in ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 gave a very true epitome of the things that ,dorothea ,beale stood for4 8,she gave a proof that the personality of a teacher was the most indispensable and enduring power in education4 ,the main object of all her work at ,cheltenham and elsewhere was not so much to instruct the mind as to inspire the character4 ,she held before herself a clear ideal of what a cultivated woman ought to be1 strong and self-controlled1 filling her life with the highest interests1 developing herself to the utmost for the glory of ,god and the service of man40 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,another ,,journey4 8,the ,king there in ,his beauty ,without a veil is seen3 ,it were a well-spent journey ,though seven deaths lay between40 --8,hymn from the last words of ,samuel ,rutherford40 ,to those whose life is extended to even the lower limit of the ,psalmist1 the world becomes rather sad and lonely4 ,gradually1 one by one1 friends and relations of their own generation pass away1 and there are few left with the same memories and the same outlook4 ,dorothea ,beale enjoyed perhaps one of the greatest blessings life can give1 that of being able to work until the end4 ,like all energetic souls she wished to die 8in harness10 and that wish was granted4 ,but on the personal side her life had become very lonely1 though it was brightened by the love of her 8children04 ,some months before the end she was haunted by the suspicion of fatal disease1 but of this others knew nothing4 ,in the ,guild meeting of #aijf there hovered the feeling that perhaps it was the last over which the loved ,principal1 now old and frail1 would preside4 8,old ,girls0 linger affectionately on her last speech2 it was full of humorous touches1 and ripples of laughter were continually passing through the audience4 ,in it she made her appeal for greater earnestness1 greater devotion1 so that all the ,guild members might be able to say--using the motto of ,st4 ,hilda's1 ,oxford--,non frustra vixi4 ,in the holidays she did a good deal of work connected with the ,college and began term as usual1 though some who knew her well realised that she was hardly fit for the strain of her work4 ,her 8,old ,girls0 linger lovingly on that last term4 ,on the first day she gave1 as she usually did1 a short address to the teachers and children4 ,she spoke on one of her favourite themes--the ,parable of the ,talents--and dwelt chiefly on the joy and privilege of being fellow-workers with ,god4 ,on ,october #af1 ,dorothea ,beale had to go to a ,college ,council ,meeting in ,london4 ,by accident1 she missed ,miss ,alice ,andrews whom she was to meet at ,oxford and went up to ,london alone4 ,as soon as she arrived in ,london she went to see her doctor1 an 8,old ,girl10 ,dr4 ,aldrich ,blake4 ,the doctor confirmed her worst suspicions and recommended an immediate operation4 ,later1 she wrote about this visit3-- 8,on ,tuesday 7,october #af7 ,i went up to ,london hurriedly at #f4cg1 full of the thought of what was before me4 ,i went straight to ,dr4 ,aldrich ,blake1 an old pupil4 ,she condemned me4 ,then ,i saw1 as ,i had arranged1 a new attendant4 ,i looked into shops and felt giddy1 and went on to the place of meeting1 where ,i saw two others1 and lastly several friends40 ,after this she proceeded to the ,council meeting1 where she read her annual report with no sign of fatigue4 ,on her return to ,cheltenham ,dr4 ,cardew confirmed ,dr4 ,aldrich ,blake's opinion1 and it was arranged that she should enter a local nursing home on ,october #bb4 ,up to the last moment she did her work1 taking prayers1 her ,scripture lesson--which struck the girls as a most remarkable one--and doing her corrections until the end of that day4 ,some few friends knew of the trial that awaited her and to one or two others she expressed the doubt whether she would ever return4 ,after the operation all went well1 until ,sunday1 the #bhth1 when she became obviously worse4 ,she rallied somewhat1 however1 but the day after nervous prostration set in and after that there was practically no hope4 ,mrs4 ,raikes tells very vividly the story of the morning at ,cheltenham 7,november #i7 when the bulletin was issued 8,miss ,beale is sinking03-- 8#8,we went through the morning1' says ,miss ,sturge1 #8feeling like ,elisha1 8,knowest thou that the ,lord will take away thy master from thy head to-day8 ,yea1 ,i know it1 hold ye your peace60'0 ,not in ,cheltenham only but far and wide her children were praying for her3 watching for news1 and remembering and repeating to each other things she had said4 ,it was stormy weather1 and more than one thought of ,wordsworth's lines--lines which she had often read to her class--written when he was expecting to hear of the death of ,charles ,james ,fox3-- ,a power is passing from the earth ,to breathless nature's dark abyss6 ,dorothea ,beale died on ,friday1 ,november #i1 at #ab4ae during college hours4 ,it was thought best that the girls should hear of her death before leaving4 ,when all were assembled in the ,princess ,hall the ,vice-,principal said3-- 8,it has pleased ,god to take from us our beloved ,principal40 ,in a few words she told the history of the last few days1 and then said3 8,we feel that it is what she would have desired--no long waiting in suffering or helplessness1 but to go home straight from her work with her splendid powers scarcely impaired3-- ,nothing is here for tears1 nothing to wail ,or knock the breast3 no weakness1 no contempt1 ,dispraise or blame3 nothing but well and fair ,and what may quiet us in a death so noble4 #8,the readiness is all4' ,let us bear our grief with calmness and dignity4 ,we know that it would be her wish that work should go on as usual4444 ,we believe that love lives on1 and that the noble work she did for fifty years has done much for ,england and for womanhood1 and that not only we who have been blessed by her gracious presence1 but generations also to come shall reap the fruit of her toil and rise up and call her blessed4 ,let us pray40 ,then followed a thanksgiving adapted from the form of ,memorial ,service issued by authority in ,january1 #aija1 after the death of ,queen ,victoria4 ,dorothea ,beale had prepared for death as she had prepared for life and had left instructions that her 8perishable body0 should be cremated so as not to be a source of disease to others1 and that those who loved her should not buy any flowers for her funeral1 but could if they wished1 bring a few wild flowers or some from their own gardens1 but she did not wish any wholesale destruction of life4 ,her body was buried in ,gloucester ,cathedral1 where the funeral took place on ,november #af4 ,eight hundred girls then at the ,college came voluntarily and walked silently in twos from the station to the ,cathedral1 which was crowded largely with former pupils4 ,at the same time a ,memorial ,service was held in ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,in other churches in different parts of the country thanks were offered for the life and work of ,dorothea ,beale4 ,many newspapers published true and beautiful appreciations of her work1 life1 and character1 and all felt that a great leader had gone from the earth4 ,so in honour passed away one whose work had small beginnings3 who through difficulty1 misunderstanding and prejudice pursued the vision she saw in youth and lived to see1 as perhaps few do see1 her dream realised4 ,such as ,dorothea ,beale can never die4 ,she lives still in her ,college at ,cheltenham1 and in the great work carried on there3 in her 8children10 who in many lands and many spheres of work still live in the spirit of their great ,head3 and in the grateful remembrance of all women who have been able without hindrance to quench their thirst at the fount of knowledge4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,the ,,vocation ,,of ,,teaching4 8,the power of any life lies in its expectancy40--,,phillips ,,brooks4 8,usefulness is the rent we pay for room upon the earth40--,,dorothea ,,beale4 ,it is only thirteen years since ,dorothea ,beale passed over to the other side to enter on the greater service which we believe is granted to all who toil here in singleness of heart4 ,in her theories of education1 in her outlook on life1 she was of our day4 ,her methods of teaching are still employed in our best schools1 and the teacher can still find her essays on teaching suggestive and helpful4 ,yet we live in another world4 ,since ,august #aiad1 we have passed through experiences that have changed for ever the values of things4 ,nothing can ever be the same again4 ,we of our generation are faced not with one little difficulty or another but with the building of a new world4 ,the old civilisation lies in dust at our feet4 ,with it have gone many things that were very dear to us1 our security1 our comfort1 our national serenity1 our happy-go-lucky individualism4 ,with it1 too1 have gone the best of our young manhood1 those on whom much of the work of the immediate future was to rest4 ,nor is it without significance that to women at this hour have come for the first time direct power in politics and opportunity to do any work of which they are capable4 ,on them must fall the work that the dead and disabled would have done4 ,to the men of ,england and of other countries came the call to give their lives3 to the women no less comes the same call4 ,perhaps the greatest need of the world just now is work3 not only for the production of material necessities1 but for its steadying1 sanity-restoring power4 ,after four years of the passions and sorrows of war1 mankind has not yet regained its mental balance2 and in honest1 steady work1 it will perhaps most surely win again the gift it has lost4 ,in the building of a new world there is no force so great as that of education in its many aspects1 the most important of which is that of the home4 ,teachers realise that what is done at school is as nothing compared with the enormous power of home education1 composed as it is of all the influences of early childhood4 ,parents must always be the chief educators1 and for this reason parenthood must be one of the most sacred of human relationships and one of the highest callings4 ,it is at home a child learns to look at the great things of life from the right or the wrong angle3 it is at home he learns to reverence the good and the true or to hold them in contempt4 ,parenthood requires a great preparation of heart and soul1 for it brings with it the greatest of all responsibilities1 that of guiding human souls into the right pathway4 ,of late years the need for teachers has been great1 the supply being less than the demand4 ,many teachers are still needed1 and to the girl of intellectual interests and power who is seeking a profession1 the question may well arise1 whether she should adopt that of a teacher4 ,there are many matters to be faced in considering this4 ,teaching brings with it few of the rewards for which the ordinary person craves4 ,financially1 its prizes are few3 for the most part it is a badly-paid profession1 especially considering the years of training it involves4 ,it brings with it little renown4 ,even the greatest teachers are known in a comparatively narrow circle1 at any rate during their lives4 ,praise and appreciation are almost unknown1 whilst criticism is given1 as was the medicine of last century1 in large doses and at frequent intervals4 ,if it is properly done1 the work is hard4 ,real teaching implies ceaseless learning4 ,it is imperative to keep a mind open to all new thought and new ideas1 not only in the educational work but in the world at large4 ,it is necessary1 too1 to acquire the wisdom to deal with what is new1 so that to some extent the true may be separated from the false1 the lofty from the base4 ,it is a work1 moreover1 that is a perpetual test of character1 worth1 and spirit4 ,there are no teachers worthy of the name1 who do not frequently shrink from the magnitude of their task and tremble at their own lack of power4 ,the teacher is called to incessant mental and spiritual work4 ,only as he or she lives an active life in mind and soul can he hope to have any success in training the young for life4 ,but the chief question after all is that of personal fitness4 ,there are two essentials2 the first is a love of children2 the second is some love of study and of teaching4 ,there can be no good work done without love of the children we teach3 a teacher who does not love children would probably be serving ,god better if she were breaking stones by the roadside4 ,the love of the work itself increases as time goes on4 ,as a rule the desire to teach indicates some aptitude for the work2 though between the eager expectancy of the untried student and the quiet joy of the skilled teacher1 lie many dark valleys which must perforce be passed4 ,this1 however1 is not peculiar to teaching4 ,it is common to all work of a personal nature1 in fact is inherent in all high living4 ,for those who wish to teach1 the great problem arises3 8,what kind of teaching shall ,i undertake80 ,it is a difficult one to solve4 ,in ,england the different kinds of teaching for girls are very clearly defined4 ,socially1 educational establishments are pretty clearly differentiated4 ,there is the elementary school for the children of those whom1 for want of a better name1 we call the people4 ,next1 the high school or secondary school1 largely for the children of the middle classes4 ,lastly1 the public school for the boys and the public or private school for the girls of the wealthy and the aristocracy4 ,these all usually have their kindergarten or preparatory departments which offer attractive work to those gifted in dealing with little children4 ,there is a great need to-day of real peace4 ,international war1 hardly ended1 has been succeeded by internal strife of a very serious nature3 at the root of this lies much deep bitterness1 the result of the failure of the different classes of the community to understand one another4 ,if a number of girls of the middle and upper classes1 who feel that they are called to the work of teaching1 would take up work in the ,elementary ,schools or the new ,continuation ,schools1 it would do much1 ,i believe1 to bring about a better understanding between class and class4 ,in this way each would get to know something of the other and the ideals and knowledge of those who have had greater advantages would begin to permeate our national life4 ,dorothea ,beale tried at one time of her work to establish a school of training for such teachers1 but the difficulties put in her way by the ,government of that day made the continuation of the work impossible4 ,with an educationalist at the ,board of ,education many difficulties have been and will be removed1 and elementary teaching with smaller classes1 higher pay1 and better buildings1 is made more possible for those who wish to embark on it4 ,it is useless1 however1 to take up this work unless one has in one's heart a great love for little children1 whether dirty or clean1 ragged or well-cared for4 ,the elementary schools have not yet adopted the high school system of morning lessons and afternoon preparation1 and this makes the hours of teaching long4 ,the corrections and necessary preparation are usually less than in a high school3 the holidays are shorter1 but are gradually being lengthened4 ,some1 however1 are quite incapable of understanding those outside their own social class3 and such would be foolish to attempt work in the elementary schools4 ,they would do better in high1 secondary1 or boarding schools4 ,the last are not popular amongst present day girl teachers1 largely because of the restrictions4 ,yet in a boarding school a true teacher has opportunities which never come into a day-school teacher's life4 ,in many ways it is a much more satisfactory sphere1 provided the ,head realises that no teacher can do good work without ample leisure and opportunity for a life of her own apart from the school4 ,more and more are our generation realising that outside interests are absolutely essential for a teacher if he or she is going to be a person of real power and influence4 ,apart from the knowledge of one's own subject there is nothing so necessary in a teacher as a knowledge of life2 not simply the life of the schoolroom1 but of life in its many branches4 ,it is often said that unmarried women teachers never grow up4 ,they pass from school to college1 and from college back to school1 and never quite lose the schoolgirl point of view4 ,it is often the greatest boon to a teacher to be obliged to give up her own work for a year or two at some period of her life and to live in a world where people do not measure time by terms or mark out the day by bells4 ,but in any case a teacher can always have some interest that has nothing to do with teaching and has no direct bearing on her work4 ,such interests do much to prevent overstrain4 ,the training for teaching is very thorough and long4 ,that for secondary or high school work is usually expensive2 but the cost of training for elementary school teaching is much less1 as the ,government have their own training colleges4 ,after ,january1 #aiba1 all teachers registered by the ,government will have to be trained not only educationally but in the art of teaching4 ,degrees1 now1 are almost a sine qu non1 or are at any rate very desirable4 ,all universities admit women to their degree examinations1 though ,oxford and ,cambridge do not yet grant degrees4 ,it is a profession where a good standard of health is desirable1 though people of a sensitive1 nervous temperament are often the best teachers4 ,a tired teacher is1 ipso facto1 a failure3 it is1 therefore1 work in which the preservation of freshness of mind and body becomes a special duty4 ,in the best schools the hours of teaching are short1 and long holidays1 wisely spent1 ought to keep the health vigorous4 ,the right use of holidays is frequently overlooked1 especially by young teachers1 who often spend them in the fulfilment of claims as strenuous as their work1 and return to school used-up and unfit for their duties--a form of dishonesty not always recognised as such4 ,in considering teaching as a possible calling the advantages of the long holidays are worthy of consideration4 ,they give opportunities of friendship1 life with one's own family1 travel1 study1 and pleasures of many kinds4 ,it is good1 too1 in these busy days that a few people have intervals of leisure in which they have time to sympathise with others1 and to think of the little things of life that are in reality the great things4 ,holidays may be the greatest boon not only to oneself1 but to all the people one meets4 ,particulars about the training for teaching are to be found in many books4 ,two which come readily to my mind are 8,the ,teacher's ,year ,book0 and 8,the ,englishwoman's ,year ,book04 ,the registrars of the different universities are always glad to supply particulars if asked4 ,the ,board of ,education will give details about elementary school teaching3 these change somewhat every few years4 ,there are many helps for those who intend to be teachers1 the chief being the scholarships offered by the different colleges to those who could not without aid afford the fees4 ,this is especially true of some of the newer universities4 ,many large schools also offer help to their pupils who have the ability and desire to go on to the universities4 ,to the girl who feels in her the desire to teach1 and has the power necessary for the task1 ,i should say1 8,accept your work1 and ,i am sure you will have no reason to regret your decision40 ,for with all its hardships1 all its endless striving after impossible ideals1 it is a work which can really be one's life3 and surely such work is always the happiest4 ,it has many joys4 ,there are few in life greater than that of seeing gradually awaken in a child interest and keenness where before there has been apathy and dullness4 ,to be able to give life to dry bones of knowledge1 to rouse from its torpor the still sleeping mind1 to turn the faces of the children we teach towards the light is surely well worth doing4 ,it has many opportunities4 ,the teacher's task is not to teach opinions1 but to lay the foundations of sound moral standards on which all true opinion must rest4 ,the world needs teachers3 not the perfunctory worker who takes up one of the most sacred of callings as a means of livelihood1 but the teacher who is willing to consecrate herself for the work4 ,at the end of that powerful novel of ,robert ,herrick's1 8,the ,healer10 is a vivid scene4 ,the old doctor1 whose gift had been lost through the exacting claims of an unsuitable marriage1 is walking arm-in-arm with a young student4 ,the older man has recognised in the younger the power he himself once had1 the gift of healing4 ,very affectionately he lays his hand on the lad's shoulder4 8,remember10 he says--,i quote from memory--8this gift of yours will demand whole-hearted devotion and will be satisfied with nothing less than your life40 ,so with the work of teaching4 ,it is a profession that demands whole-hearted devotion4 ,to those who give to it their lives it brings many joys1 great opportunities1 and the satisfaction that constant giving alone bestows4 ,it has many dangers and many temptations1 but these lose much of their power over the teacher who tries to realise in practice as well as in theory3-- 8,that the influence of personal character has been from the first the great means of bearing truth into men's hearts40 ,,bibliography4 ,raikes4 8,dorothea ,beale of ,cheltenham40 ,constable4 ,beale4 8,addresses to ,teachers40 ,longmans4 ,beale4 8,studies in ,literature1 ,new and ,old40 ,longmans4 ,beale1 ,soulsby1 and ,dove4 8,work and ,play in ,girls' ,schools40 ,longmans4 8,reports issued by the ,schools' ,inquiry ,commission on the ,education of ,girls4 ,reprinted with extracts from the evidence and a paper by ,d4 ,beale40 #ahfd4 ,beale4 8,on the ,education of ,girls40 7,paper read at ,social ,science ,congress1 #ahfe47 ,the ,times4 ,november1 #aijf4 ,january1 #aijg4 ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college ,magazine4 #ahhj and onwards4 ,a ,,short ,,bibliography ,,of ,,educational ,,works4 ,basil ,matthews 7,editor74 8,essays in ,vocation40 ,humphrey ,milford4 #cs4 7,a second and third series are in course of preparation47 ,thring4 8,the ,theory and ,practice of ,teaching40 ,thring4 8,education and ,school40 ,macmillan4 #fs4 ,thring4 8,teaching1 ,learning1 and ,life40 ,allenson4 #as4 ,james4 8,talks to ,teachers40 ,paget4 8,the ,hallowing of ,work40 ,rivington4 #bs4 ,clutton ,brock4 8,the ,ultimate ,belief40 ,constable4 #bs4 ,kidd4 8,the ,science of ,power40 ,methuen4 #fs4 ,holmes4 8,what is and ,what might be40 ,constable4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,holmes4 8,in ,defence of ,what is and ,what might be40 ,constable4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,montessori4 8,the ,montessori ,method40 ,heinemann4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,mumford4 8,the ,dawn of ,religion in the ,mind of the ,child40 ,longmans4 #as4 ,macmillan4 8,the ,camp ,school40 ,allen ,unwin4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,also 8,the ,child and the ,state40 ,nat4 ,labour ,press4 ,eileen ,power1 ,m4,a4 8,a ,bibliography for ,teachers of ,history40 ,women's ,international ,league4 #bs4 ,pollard4 8,educational ,value of the ,study of ,history40 ,leaflet #cf4 #f;d4 7,historical ,association1 #bb ,russell ,square47 ,dewey4 8,schools of ,to-morrow40 ,dent4 #es4 ,hughes4 8,citizens to be40 ,constable4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,paton4 8,the ,child and the ,nation40 ,s4,c4,m4 #as4 ,richmond4 8,education for ,liberty40 ,collins1 #fs4 ,simpson4 8,an ,adventure in ,education40 ,sidgwick ,jackson1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a4 ,c4 ,benson 7and others74 8,cambridge ,essays on ,education40 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,press4 #hs4 ,welton4 8,the ,psychology of ,education40 ,mac,millan ,co4 ,welton4 8,what do we mean by ,education80 ,mac,millan ,co4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,paul4 8,some ,christian ,ideals in the ,teaching ,profession40 ,student ,christian ,movement4 #cs4 ,hayward ,freeman4 8,the ,spiritual ,foundations of ,reconstruction40 ,p4 ,s4 ,king ,sons4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,nunn4 8,education1 its ,data and ,first ,principles40 ,arnold4 #fs4 ,richmond4 8,the ,curriculum40 ,constable4 #es4 ,,aberdeen3 ,,the ,,university ,,press4