,transcriber's ,note ,italic text displayed as3 ,italic ,bold text displayed as3 ,bold ,,the ,,ohio ,naturalist ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,biological ,,club ,,of ,,the ,,ohio ,,state ,,university ,,editorial ,,staff ,,editor-,,in-,,chief--,,john ,h4 ,,schaffner1 ,a4 ,m41 ,m4 ,s4 ,,associate ,,editors3 ,zoology--,f4 ,l4 ,,landacre1 ,b4 ,sc4 ,botany--,f4 ,j4 ,,tyler1 ,b4 ,sc4 ,geology--,j4 ,a4 ,,bownocker1 ,d4 ,sc4 ,archaeology--,w4 ,c4 ,,mills1 ,b4 ,sc4 ,ornithology--,r4 ,f4 ,,griggs4 ,,advisory ,,board3 ,,professor ,w4 ,a4 ,,kellerman4 ,ph4 ,d4 ,department of ,botany4 ,,professor ,,herbert ,,osborn1 ,m4 ,sc4 ,department of ,zoology4 ,,professor ,j4 ,a4 ,,bownocker1 ,d4 ,sc4 ,department of ,geology4 ,volume #a4 ,,june1 #aija ,number #h ,,columbus1 ,,ohio ,,press ,,of ,,hann ,,adair ,illustration3 ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist ,a journal devoted more especially to the natural history of ,ohio4 ,the official organ of ,,the ,,biological ,,club ,,of ,,the ,,ohio ,,state ,,university4 ,published monthly during the academic year1 from ,november to ,june 7#h numbers74 ,price #ej cents per year1 payable in advance4 ,to foreign countries1 #ge cents4 ,single copies #aj cents4 ,,john ,h4 ,,schaffner1 ,editor4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,tyler1 ,subscriptions4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,griggs1 ,advertising ,agent4 ,address ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist1 ,ohio ,state ,university1 ,,columbus1 ,,ohio4 ,,contents ,a ,study in ,variation on the ,wing of the ,honey ,bee #aai ,f4 ,l4 ,landacre ,twelve ,plants ,additional to the ,ohio ,list #aba ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman ,the ,food ,habits of ,some ,aphrophora ,larvae #abb ,e4 ,d4 ,ball ,the ,vernation of ,salix #abd ,robert ,f4 ,griggs ,ohio ,reptiles in the ,ohio ,state ,university ,zoological ,museum #abf ,max ,morse ,a ,preserving ,box for ,plants #abh ,edo ,claassen ,ohio ,tumbleweeds #abi ,john ,h4 ,schaffner ,meetings of the ,biological ,club #abi ,jas4 ,s4 ,hine1 ,sec4 ,entered at the ,post ,office at ,columbus1 ,ohio1 as second class matter4 ,the ,ohio ,naturalist ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,biological ,,club ,,of ,,the ,,ohio ,,state ,,university ,vol4 #a4 ,,june1 #aija ,no4 #h ,a ,,study ,,in ,,variation ,,on ,,the ,,wing ,,of ,,the ,,honey ,,bee4 ,f4 ,l4 ,,landacre4 ,while working on the ,honey ,bee in the laboratory at the ,university it was observed that the number of hooks connecting the posterior wing with the anterior was not constant4 ,the query at once arose as to the amount of variation there might be between different bees in the same hive and also between different hives4 ,out of this grew a somewhat practical problem as to whether the increase in number of hooks was associated with a decrease in the size of the wing1 or whether the increase in number of hooks also implied an increase in size of wing4 ,the wings of the bee are undoubtedly more efficient for being closely attached to each other4 ,the life of the workers is so short1 being only about three weeks1 and their activity so great that any increase in efficiency1 especially in the organs of flight1 must have a very direct influence on the welfare of the whole swarm4 ,so far as the well being of the swarm depends upon nutritive processes the efficiency of the hive is equal to the average efficiency of the workers4 ,now1 if the increase in number of hooks and the consequent1 firmer attachment of the wings is compensated for by a smaller wing1 there is much less opportunity for the operation of natural selection on the individual bees than if the greater number of hooks is always associated with a broader or longer wing4 ,this selective process might occur either in the hive or between hives4 ,if it occurs in the hive it would increase the efficiency of the hive somewhat2 but if it occurs between hives it finally means the elimination of the weaker hive and the consequent increased efficiency of the species4 ,in order to find out the real conditions1 one of the students1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,frank1 took twenty-five workers from each of four hives and counted the number of hooks on each wing1 right and left1 and also measured the width of the anterior and posterior wings on each side1 ,the width only was taken on account of the difficulty in finding a good point at the base of the wing from which to measure the length4 ,the results are so uniform that the width probably gives sufficient data from which to draw conclusions4 ,of the four hives studied1 numbers one and two were very weak4 ,number three was a strong hive which made forty 7#dj7 pounds of extra honey in the summer of #aijj4 ,number four was weaker than number three and made only ten 7#aj7 pounds of extra honey4 ,the complete measurements are too long to give in detail1 and the averages only will be offered here4 ,,averages ,,of ,,twenty-,,five ,,measurements ,,for ,,each ,,hive ,,taken ,,with ,,an ,,eye-,,piece ,,micrometer1 ,,expressed ,,in ,,mm4 ,,hive ,,number ,,one4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,average ,number of ,hooks4 ,average ,width of ,wing4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,ant4 ,pos4 ,ant4 ,pos4 #ba4c #bj4i #d4ba #c4fa #d4bh #c4ee ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,hive ,,number ,,two4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,average ,number of ,hooks4 ,average ,width of ,wing4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,ant4 ,pos4 ,ant4 ,pos4 #ai4b #ah4h #d4ad #c4dh #d4af #c4dh ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,hive ,,number ,,three4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,average ,number of ,hooks4 ,average ,width of ,wing4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,ant4 ,pos4 ,ant4 ,pos4 #ba4j #ba4j #d4jf #c4dh #d4jg #c4ej ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,hive ,,number ,,four4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,average ,number of ,hooks4 ,average ,width of ,wing4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,right wing4 ,left wing4 ,ant4 ,pos4 ,ant4 ,pos4 #ai4f #ai4f #d4ji #c4dg #d4jc #c4da ---------------------------------------- ----- ,as to the first query concerning the individual variations in a single hive the complete table shows that ,no4 #a varies from #ah-ba hooks1 ,no4 #b from #ag-ba1 ,no4 #c from #ah-bc and ,no4 #d from #ag-ba4 ,the right wing is taken as the standard1 and the most active hive1 ,no4 #c4 shows the greatest individual variation4 ,one bee in this hive had only sixteen hooks1 the remaining three being straight spines1 showing how the hooks have been modified from ordinary hairs4 ,this reversion occurred on three separate wings1 in ,no4 #b one hook on each wing being straight4 ,as to the relation between the number of hooks and the width of the wing the averages are very definite4 ,taking hives number one and two from the same apiary1 it will be seen that the increase in number of hooks goes with the increase in width of wing4 ,the same relation is shown by hives numbers three and four from another apiary in the case of the posterior portion of the right wing and in both anterior and posterior portions of left wing4 ,the results are not conclusive as to the relative efficiency of different hives because there are so many conditions entering into the production of large quantities of honey4 ,the number of bees1 the care during the winter1 the age of the queen1 the number of swarms produced1 and several other factors would have to be taken into consideration4 ,the differences in the right and left wings in the bees of the same hive is marked4 ,the right wing has the larger number of hooks1 but the left wing is the broader4 ,in hive number one the average number of hooks in the right wing is #ba4c1 left #bj4i2 but the anterior wing on the right side is #d4ba mm41 while the left anterior wing is #d4bh2 that is1 there is a compensation for the reduced number of hooks in the increased width of the wing4 ,this is true of the first three hives4 ,in the fourth hive there is a slight advantage in favor of the right wing4 ,the following general conclusions may be drawn from these measurements3 7a7 ,there is a variation in the number of hooks in a given hive ranging between #ag and #bc4 7b7 ,the difference in the number of hooks in the right and left wing is compensated for in a given hive by the increased size of the wing4 ,the right and left wings are in physiological equilibrium4 7c7 ,in different hives the increase in the number of hooks is accompanied by an increase in width of wing2 that is1 the variation is emphasized so that selection would work much more effectively2 while in the individual1 where--if selection operated on account of this variation--it would have to be between different wings of the same bee1 the variation is eliminated4 ,,twelve ,,plants ,,additional ,,to ,,the ,,ohio ,,list4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,kellerman4 ,the species named below have not heretofore been recorded as a part of the ,ohio flora4 ,the first collector and locality are given for each of the listed species4 ,the serial number prefixed to each name indicates where in the ,fourth ,state ,catalogue the species should be inserted4 #abc;a ,sorghum vulgare ,pers4 ,occasionally escaped4 #bgj;b ,secale cereale ,l4 ,rye4 ,occasionally escaped4 #gha;b ,dianthus barbatus ,l4 ,sweet ,william4 ,escaped4 ,painesville4 ,otto ,hacker4 7#ajdb;a ,crataegus polybracteata ,ashe4 ,reported previously1 but without locality4 ,franklin1 ,hocking1 and ,summit ,counties2 ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman47 #ajdb;b ,crataegus pruinosa ,wendl4 ,logan ,county2 ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman4 #ajdb;c ,crataegus succulenta4 ,franklin1 ,fairfield1 ,knox1 ,belmont1 ,summit1 ,ottawa1 ,union1 ,ross1 ,carroll1 ,shelby and ,lucas ,counties2 ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman4 #aebf;b ,teucrium occidentale ,gr4 ,hairy ,germander4 8,ohio01 ,riddell1 #ahcd1 7,bull4 ,torr4 ,club1 #bh3agj72 ,reservoir ,park1 ,perry ,co41 ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman4 #aebi;a ,scutellaria serrata ,andr4 ,showy skullcap4 ,rio ,grande4 ,gallia ,county2 ,ruth ,e4 ,brockett4 #afje;a ,solanum tuberosum ,l4 ,potato4 ,escaped4 #afji;c ,petunia violacea ,lindl4 ,occasionally escaped4 #agji;a ,viburnum molle ,mx4 ,soft-leaf ,arrow-wood4 ,scioto ,county2 ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman4 #agad;a ,linnaea borealis ,l4 ,twin-flower4 ,canton1 ,stark ,county2 ,mrs4 ,theano ,w4 ,case4 #aihf;a ,chrysanthemum indicum ,hortorum4 ,escaped4 ,adams ,county2 ,w4 ,a4 ,kellerman4 ,,the ,,food ,,habits ,,of ,,some ,,aphrophora ,,larvae4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,ball4 ,the larvae of all the ,american species of the ,family ,cercopidae as far as known envelope themselves in a frothy mass4 ,contrary to popular opinion and to most of the published accounts this froth does not issue as bubbles from the body of the insect1 but is made by pushing the tip of the abdomen up out of the froth and grasping1 with the anal appendages1 a bubble of air and bringing it down and releasing it within a liquid film4 ,this liquid film is simply the excretion from the alimentary canal of the sap which is imbibed by these insects in large quantities4 ,this copious liquid excretion is a common occurrence in other families of the ,homoptera4 ,in the ,plant ,lice 7,aphidae7 it gathers in drops and is called 8,honey ,dew40 ,the ,leaf ,hoppers and ,tree ,hoppers expel a clear liquid with some force4 ,in some species this is in sufficient amount so that when the insects are numerous the foliage may drip1 producing the 8,weeping trees0 of the ,southern ,states4 ,this process of froth making in the ,cercopidae was discovered and first correctly described by ,professor ,e4 ,s4 ,morse1 of ,salem1 ,mass41 and published many years ago in his ,elementary ,zoology4#a ,his observations were probably made on the larvae of ,a4 spumarius which belongs to the genus ,philaenus as now recognized4 ,in the genus ,aphrophora as now limited little is known of the food habits of the larvae4 ,one species 7,a4 #d-notata7 has been found on various plants and shrubs4 ,the remaining three eastern species1 which belong to a different group and are of some shade of brownish testaceous1 have been given as feeding on pines in the adult state by various authors4 ,dr4 ,fitch has described the larvae of one of these 7,a4 parallela1 ,fig4 #d1 ,plate #aj7 as forming frothy masses on the tips of pine twigs1 and in the ,nat'l ,museum ,coll4 are some ,aphrophora larvae labeled 8,pa4 ,on ,pine1 ,july #g10 that undoubtedly belong to this species leaving little room to doubt the correctness of ,fitch's determination4 ,there are two species belonging to the parallela group occurring in the ,rocky ,mountain region both found in the adult stage on pines4 ,of one of these 7,a4 permutata1 ,fig4 #a1 #b and #c1 ,plate #aj7 larvae were found in abundance on two different plants ,chrysopsis villosa and ,lupinus sp4 ,both of these plants grow in clumps and it was always down in the bases of these clumps1 some of them often down below the surface of the ground among the roots1 that the larvae were found4 ,often ten or fifteen would be found in a single clump their united froth masses1 held up by the coarse stems1 reaching a diameter of two inches or more4 ,the larvae were found in these clumps from late in ,may until the first week in ,july in the foot hills1 and higher up in the mountains they were just beginning to emerge ,july #bjth4 ,when ready to emerge they climb up a stem during the night far enough to free themselves from the froth and as soon as the sun strikes then in the morning they burst their pupal skins and an hour later they are ready to fly up to the pine trees where their color admirably protects them4 ,although both these plants grow very commonly over a wide extent of territory the ,aphrophora larvae have never been found on them except where they were within a short distance of a pine tree4 ,at first sight it would seem probable that the eggs were deposited in the twigs of the pines1 and that the young larvae dropped to the ground1 and from there sought out a food plant1 as is the case in some ,cicadas4 ,but as numerous larvae were found in positions practically inaccessible to any such means of distribution--such as on the opposite side of a sharp ledge of rocks1 across a bramble thicket1 or even on plants growing in the crevices of bare rocks at a considerable distance above any pines--it seemed nearly certain that the adults must fly back to the plants to deposit their eggs4 ,it will be interesting to discover whether a similar food habit occurs in any of the ,eastern members of the genus or whether this is peculiar to the western species4 ,it seems possible that original pine-inhabiting species finding themselves unable to maintain their froth masses in their exposed positions on pine branches in such a dry atmosphere were compelled to seek moister conditions such as are afforded by the shade and contact with the earth under these bushy plants4 ,,explanation ,,of ,,plate4--,fig4 #a4 ,aphrophora permutata ,uhl4 ,adult4 ,x ,about #g4 ,common from the ,rocky ,mountains to the ,pacific4 #a;a--,side view of head1 showing profile of face4 ,fig4 #b4 ,pupa of above4 #b;a--,side view of head of pupa4 ,fig4 #c4 ,semi-diagrammatic cross-section of a clump of ,chrysopsis villosa to show relative location of larvae with relation to the froth mass and the surface of the earth4 ,fig4 #d4 ,aphrophora parallela ,say ,adult4 ,x ,about #g4 ,eastern ,u4 ,s4 to ,ohio and ,mich4 #d;a--profile of head of same4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,for a detailed account of this process see ,prof4 ,morse's article 8,a ,bubble-blowing ,insect40 ,pop4 ,sc4 ,monthly1 ,may1 #aijj4 ,illustration3 ,plate #aj4 ,,ball ,,on ,,aphrophora ,,larvae4 ,,the ,,vernation ,,of ,,salix4 ,,robert ,f4 ,,griggs4 ,most of the manuals are entirely silent regarding the vernation of the ,willows4 ,sargent#b describes their leaves as 8variously folded in the bud0 and under different species gives them as3 involute1 revolute1 convolute1 and even conduplicate in the bud4 ,the fact that he gives two species1 closely related and difficult to distinguish1 at the time the buds open 7,salix nigra and ,s4 amygdaloides71 as having involute and revolute vernations1 led me to take up the matter to see if a key for their identification from bud characters1 could be constructed4 ,not only did ,i find that they were not involute and revolute respectively2 but that they were neither involute nor revolute1 but both imbricate4 ,on examining other species the same thing was found4 ,the only exceptions to the true imbricate vernation found are represented in figures #c and #d4 ,the section ,purpureae1 on account of its tendency to have opposite rather than alternate leaves1 often forms such decussate buds as are shown in figure #c4 ,in ,salix incana ,schrenk1 a species whose leaves at maturity have revolute margins1 the leaves have a greater or less tendency to roll backwards in the bud4 ,the most extreme case found is shown in figure #d4 ,others from the same twig could be shown where the leaves show only the slightest tendency to be revolute4 ,if we may consider that this backward turning is merely a character of the mature leaf manifesting itself in the bud it is evident that there is here no revolute vernation but that it is really imbricate4 ,illustration3 ,salix buds ,the other buds examined vary from the form represented in figure #a where the whole interior of the bud is taken up with the closely packed leaves1 to that shown in figure #b where there are a few leaves with a great deal of wool4 ,species like ,salix fragilis ,l4 whose leaves are glabrous when they unfold have buds like the former while species like ,salix discolor ,muhl41 with leaves excessively wooly when they unfold1 are like the latter4 ,as there are all intergradations between these two kinds of leaves1 there is naturally a series of buds between these two as extremes4 ,while further investigation is necessary before we would be warranted in declaring that the vernation of the whole genus is imbricate2 yet the fact that specimens of thirty-four species and varieties1 taken from thirteen of the nineteen sections given by ,andersson in ,de,candolle's prodromus1 have their leaves imbricated in the buds would seem to establish a presumption in favor of such a view4 ,the buds examined were soaked in #gj alcohol and free-hand sections cut and mounted in balsam4 ,on account of scarcity of material1 the buds of several species were not sectioned but dissected on the growing plant4 ,such are marked with an asterisk 79974 ,as far as possible living material was taken1 mostly from native plants4 ,those species not native were studied from specimens growing in the ,university ,botanic ,garden4 ,in a few cases dried specimens were resorted to4 ,about one hundred and twenty-five plants belonging to the following species and varieties were examined4 ,salix nigra ,marsh4 ,s4 amygdaloides ,anders4 ,s4 triandra ,l4 99,s4 undulata ,ehrh4 ,s4 lucida ,muhl4 ,s4 pentandra ,l4 ,s4 fragilis ,l4 ,s4 alba ,l4 ,s4 alba vitellina 7,l47 ,koch4 ,s4 babylonica x fragilis4 ,s4 babylonica ,l4 ,s4 babylonica japonica 7,thumb7 ,anders4 ,s4 interior ,rowlee4 ,s4 bebbiana ,sarg4 ,s4 discolor ,muhl4 ,s4 myrtilloides ,l4 ,s4 humilis ,marsh4 ,s4 tristis ,ait4 ,s4 sericea ,marsh4 ,s4 petiolaris ,sm4 ,s4 cordata ,muhl4 99,s4 cordata x sericea4 ,s4 cordata var4 vestita ,anders4 ,s4 glaucophylla ,bebb4 ,s4 adenophylla ,hook4 99,s4 daphnoides ,vill4 ,s4 smithiana acuminata 7,sm7 ,anders4 ,s4 candida ,fluegge4 ,s4 incana ,schrenk4 ,s4 purpurea ,l4 99,s4 rubra purpureoides ,gen4 ,godr4 99,s4 candicans ,gen4 ,godr4 99,s4 laurifolia ,gen4 ,godr4 99,s4 sieboldii ,gen ,godr4 ,,explanation ,,of ,,the ,,figures4--,fig4 #a4 ,salix fragilis ,l4 ,bausch and ,lomb obj4 oc4 #b4 ,fig4 #b4 ,s4 discolor ,muhl4 ,b4 ,l4 obj4 oc4 #b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,s4 purpurea ,l4 ,b4 ,l4 obj4 oc4 #b4 ,fig4 #d4 ,s4 incana ,schrenk4 ,b4 ,l4 obj4 oc4 #a4 ,the figures were drawn with an abbe camera lucida and reduced to of their original size4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,sargent3 ,silva of ,north ,america #i3 #ie4 ,,ohio ,,reptiles ,,in ,,the ,,ohio ,,state ,,university ,,zoological ,,museum4 ,,max ,,morse4 ,fam4 ,,iguanid4 ,sceloporous undulatus undulatus 7,latr474 ,sugar ,grove4 ,fam4 ,,anguid4 ,ophisaurus ventralis 7,linn474 ,no4 #eg has the following note in the accession catalogue3--8,donated by ,dr4 ,n4 ,s4 ,townshend4 ,said by him to have been taken on the ,university farm40 ,fam4 ,,scincid4 ,eumeces quinquelineatus 7,linn474 ,columbus4 ,fam4 ,,colubrid4 ,carphophiops amoenus 7,say474 ,this specimen is marked ,c4 helenae ,kenn4 ,the internasal scutae are wanting4 ,the specimen is from ,meigs ,co4 ,another specimen is in the collection but without label4 ,diadophis punctatus 7,l47 ,sugar ,grove4 ,heterodon platyrhinus ,lat4 ,cedar ,point4 ,both the spotted and the black forms occur on ,cedar ,point4 ,liopeltis vernalis 7,de,kay474 ,sandusky and ,columbus4 ,zamenis constrictor 7,linn474 ,hocking ,county4 ,coluber vulpinus 7,b4 and ,g474 ,the range of the fox snake1 as given by ,cope 7,rept4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 '#ih1 p4 #hcb7 is 8over the northwest of the ,eastern district1 not being known from east of ,illinois99999940 ,specimens are taken from ,cedar ,point and vicinity nearly every summer4 ,those in the collection are from ,castalia and ,cedar ,point4 ,coluber obsoletus obsoletus ,say4 ,columbus4 ,osceola doliata triangula 7,boie474 ,columbus and ,london4 ,natrix fasciata fasciata 7,linn474 ,warren ,county4 ,natrix fasciata sipedon 7,linn474 ,this is the common 8water snake0 of central ,ohio4 ,specimens are from ,sandusky and ,columbus4 ,natrix fasciata erythrogaster 7,shaw47 ,put-in-,bay4 ,among the islands of ,lake ,erie this seems to be the prevailing form4 ,one young ,natrix was taken during the summer of #aijj which resembled ,n4 f4 sipedon ,l41 but aside from this all other forms were erythrogaster4 ,it may be possible that the young of these two sub-species are not distinguishable--the differences arising later4 ,natrix leberis 7,linn474 ,columbus and ,sandusky4 ,natrix kirtlandii 7,kenn474 ,new ,london and ,sugar ,grove4 ,storeria dekayi 7,holb474 ,columbus4 ,storeria occipitomaculata 7,storer74 ,sugar ,grove and ,kent4 ,eutaenia sirtalis sirtalis 7,linn474 ,columbus4 ,eutaenia sirtalis ordinata 7,linn474 ,columbus4 ,eutaenia sirtalis obscura ,cope4 ,cedar ,point and ,columbus4 ,fam4 ,,crotalid4 ,ancistrodon contortrix 7,linn474 ,sugar ,grove and ,knox ,county4 ,sistrurus catenatus catenatus 7,raf474 ,urbana4 ,fam4 ,,trionychid4 ,aspidonectes spinifer 7,le,sueur474 ,columbus4 ,fam4 ,,kinosternid4 ,aromochelys odoratus 7,lat474 ,columbus and ,cedar ,point4 ,in ,may and ,june1 numbers of this turtle have been taken in the sand on ,cedar ,point1 while depositing their eggs4 ,fam4 ,,emydid4 ,graptemys geographicus 7,le,sueur474 ,columbus1 also taken at ,sandusky4 ,chrysemys marginata 7,agassiz74 ,columbus and ,cedar ,point4 ,the species picta does not occur in central ,ohio--at least west of ,licking ,reservoir4 ,one specimen has the normal three dorsal plates broken up into six which alternate with each other1 three being on either side of the median line4 ,clemmys guttatus 7,sch474 ,columbus and ,licking ,reservoir4 ,emydoidea blandingi ,holb4 ,columbus and ,sandusky4 ,terrapene carolina 7,linn474 ,very numerous at ,sugar ,grove4 ,found in sand on ,cedar ,point4 ,,summary ,,for ,,reptiles3--,families #h2 genera #bb2 species #cj4 ,a ,,preserving ,,box ,,for ,,plants4 ,,edo ,,claassen4 ,as the time for botanists has arrived when they will depart for some time from their work at home and walk over fields and into the forests to collect plants and flowers new to them1 ,i have thought it would be interesting and useful to describe a box in which they may preserve for several days1 the collected plants and keep them from shriveling1 particularly if the same are quite large1 and exceed in size the usual small collecting box4 ,as ,i had one made to order and know by experience the valuable service it did me1 ,i do not hesitate to recommend it highly4 ,it is well known that many druggists buy their glycerine and castor oil in five gallon cans1 for which1 when empty1 they have no further use4 ,the botanist1 therefore1 may go to such a druggist1 procure two of the above cans1 if possible of heavy tin and with flat sides1 have the tinsmith take off their upper parts and solder the cans together1 after having cut out of each of them a rectangular piece as long and wide as necessary to give room for a door and after having trimmed any inside edges4 ,the door is then made from the two pieces cut out1 7or from a new piece7 with the addition of several strips of tin1 so that it may overlap and close tightly1 and of the necessary hinges and hasp to open and fasten the door4 ,one of the original wire handles of the cans is fastened in a similar manner as before on the top of the box and the preserving box is ready for use1 as soon as it had received two coatings of asphaltum varnish inside and two of paint outside4 ,any vessel of suitable size and containing water should then be put into the box1 which will furnish the moisture for the roots or the lower ends of the plants and at the same time for the air surrounding these4 ,the dimensions of the box in question can easily be determined by the botanist himself1 but for those not wishing to do so1 ,i may be allowed to add1 that the length of the box should be about twenty-five inches1 the original width of the cans remaining unchanged4 ,the door should commence at about three inches from the bottom1 reach up to two or two and one-half inches from the top and have a width of six or six and one-half inches4 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,,ohio ,,tumbleweeds4 ,,john ,h4 ,,schaffner4 ,tumbleweeds are characteristic of wind-swept plains and dry prairies4 ,as the forests are rapidly disappearing1 the conditions in ,ohio are becoming very favorable for the introduction and development of such forms of vegetation4 ,a few species are already abundant and some like ,amaranthus graecizans appear to flourish better than on the prairies of the interior4 ,the past summer a number of cornfields about ,columbus were covered with very large tumbleweeds and during the winter a number of hedgerows were filled with them1 presenting an appearance quite as striking as anything the writer has seen along this line4 ,the following is a list of the ,ohio plants which may develop as tumbleweeds4 ,those with a question mark have not been seen by the writer to act as tumbleweeds and a few are given on the authority of ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,beal4 ,,annual ,,tumbleweeds4 #a4 ,cycloloma atriplicifolium 7,spreng47 ,coult4 #b4 ,salsola tragus ,l4 #c4 ,amaranthus graecizans ,l4 #d4 ,lepidium apetalum ,willd4 ,beal4 #e4 ,trifolium procumbens ,l4 ,beal4 #f4 ,onagra biennis 7,l47 ,scop4 ,beal4 ,,tumble-,,grasses4 #g4 ,panicum capillare ,l4 #h4 ,panicum flexile 7,gattg47 ,scrib4 #i4 ,eragrostis pectinacea 7,mx47 ,steudl4 #aj4 ,eragrostis trichodes 7,nutt47 ,nash4 #aa4 ,eragrostis capillaris 7,l47 ,nees4 8 #ab4 ,eragrostis frankii ,steud4 8 #ac4 ,eragrostis purshii ,schrad4 8 #ad4 ,agrostis hyemalis 7,walt47 ,b4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,perennial ,,tumbleweeds4 #ae4 ,baptisia tinctoria 7,l47 ,r4 ,br4 ,,meetings ,,of ,,the ,,biological ,,club4 ,,may ,,meeting4 ,the ,biological ,club met in ,zoological ,lecture ,room ,may #f1 #aija4 ,professor ,schaffner reported that the committee appointed to consider the disposition to make of exchanges1 had had a meeting and appointed ,professor ,osborn to consider the matter further4 ,professor ,landacre gave a paper entitled ,a ,study of ,passalus ,cornutus4 ,he gave the more important conclusions he had arrived at1 after an extended study of the muscular and skeletal systems of that beetle4 ,mr4 ,griggs read a paper on ,vernation in the ,willows4 ,moulds and other ,fungi ,injurious to ,foods was the title of a paper given by ,miss ,mary ,dresbach4 ,she gave a list of fungi found on food products4 ,in discussing this paper ,professor ,schaffner said the moulds are of public interest and many important results may be expected from an extended study of them4 ,professor ,kellerman said that moulds are an important factor to guard against in canning fruit4 ,it would be a great step in advance if fruit could be canned and kept without its being cooked beforehand4 ,miss ,elma ,perry gave a list of the edible fungi of ,ohio4 ,so far #bjj species have been recorded and there are no doubt many yet to add4 ,under the head of personal observations ,prof4 ,kellerman showed some interesting variations in our common anemone4 ,a paper on this subject appeared in the ,may number of ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist4 ,,june ,,meeting4 ,the ,june meeting of the club was held in ,zoological ,lecture ,room on the evening of the third4 ,the editor-in-chief of ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist1 ,professor ,schaffner1 gave a financial statement for the year4 ,the ,secretary read a communication from ,professor ,kellerman4 ,this communication was concerned with the past and future of ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist and an adjourned meeting was voted for its consideration4 ,the following invitation was received from ,professor ,w4 ,d4 ,gibbs1 ,secretary of the ,omega ,chapter of the ,society of ,sigma ,xi3 ,the ,omega ,chapter of the ,society of ,sigma ,xi cordially invites the members of the ,biological ,club to be present at the final meeting of the ,chapter1 in the ,physical ,lecture ,room1 ,saturday ,june #hth1 at #aa o'clock a4 m4 to hear a lecture by ,professor ,charles ,f4 ,mabery on the subject3 8,the ,petroleum ,industry3 ,its ,rapid ,expansion and ,future ,promise40 ,dr4 ,bownocker delivered an instructive paper on 8,oil and ,gas in ,southeastern ,ohio40 ,the first oil well in that region was drilled about #ahfj at ,maxburg in ,washington ,county4 ,the wells in this region when first put down oftentimes yield #ejj barrels or more daily but they soon decrease until the product of the same well may be only a few barrels each day4 ,they are long-lived however and wells drilled in the ,sixties are still producing4 ,the oil in ,southeastern ,ohio has its origin in the various sands and therefore differs from that of ,northwestern ,ohio where all the oil is of limestone origin4 ,the speaker explained the nature of the country1 especially in reference to the arches where practically all the oil is located4 ,h4 ,s4 ,houghton not being present1 ,professor ,landacre gave a short outline of the subject 8,a ,study of the ,muscular and ,skeletal ,structures in the ,head of a #ad mm4 ,salamander40 ,a4 ,f4 ,conradi read a short paper on the subject 8,a ,study of the ,cecidomyidae and their effects upon ,vegetation40 ,the motion was made and carried that when we adjourn we adjourn to meet in the ,zoological ,lecture ,room ,friday evening1 ,june #gth1 at #d o'clock1 for the purpose of considering matters connected with the ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist4 ,,james ,s4 ,,hine1 ,secretary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,with this issue ,,the ,,ohio ,,naturalist completes its first year4 ,the ,editors to be chosen for #aija-b will continue the ,journal along the same lines and we trust that those interested in the natural history of ,ohio1 as well as others1 will continue to give their encouragement and financial support4 ,a table of contents and a title-page of ,vol4 #a will be sent out with the first number of ,vol4 #b4 ,,john ,h4 ,,schaffner4 ,ohio ,state ,university ,six distinct and independent ,colleges1 each with a ,dean and ,faculty of its own4 ,,thirty ,,seven ,,departments4 ,,thirty ,,distinct ,,courses4 ,,agriculture1 ,,arts1 ,,law1 ,,engineering1 ,,pharmacy1 ,,veterinary ,,medicine4 ,superior facilities for education in ,applied ,science4 ,short or special courses for mature students not candidates for degrees4 ,one hundred and twenty-one instructors4 ,over thirteen hundred students4 ,,finest ,,gymnasium ,,in ,,the ,,west4 ,for further information address the ,president1 ,,dr4 ,w4 ,o4 ,,thompson1 ,,state ,,university1 ,,columbus4 ,ohio ,forest ,trees ,identified by ,leaves and ,fruit4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,kellerman1 ,,ph4 ,d41 ,ohio ,state ,university4 ,a neat pamphlet for every one who wishes to learn our native forest trees4 ,keys simple4 ,description plain4 ,can learn the names of the trees easily4 ,price reduced from #be cents to #aj cents4 ,also1 ,the ,fourth ,state ,catalogue of ,ohio ,plants4 ,bound copies at cost of binding1 namely #bj cents4 ,gives list of scientific and common names2 distribution by counties4 ,teachers and others will also be interested in ,prof4 ,kellerman's ,phyto-theca or ,herbarium ,portfolio1 ,practical ,studies in ,elementary ,botany1 ,elementary ,botany with ,spring ,flora1 all published by ,eldredge ,bro41 ,philadelphia1 to whom apply4 ,for information or copies of ,forest ,trees and ,catalogue or names of plant specimens of your region address ,w4 ,a4 ,,kellerman1 ,,columbus1 ,,ohio ,american ,entomological ,co4 #ajdj ,,de ,,kalb ,,avenue1 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lepidoptera ,price ,list ,no4 #b4--,price #e cents ,refunded to ,buyers ,,issued ,,november #aeth #aijj4 ,dealers of all kinds of 444 ,,entomological ,,supplies ,manufacturers of the ,original and ,celebrated 444 ,,schmitt ,,insect ,,boxes4 ,builders of ,,insect ,,cabinets1 ,,etc4 ,the ,twentieth ,century ,text ,books of ,biology4 ,,plant ,,relations1 #abmo1 cloth #a4aj ,,plant ,,structures1 #abmo1 cloth #a4bj ,,plant ,,studies1 #abmo1 cloth #a4bj ,,plants1 #abmo1 cloth #a4hj ,,analytical ,,key ,,to ,,plants1 #abmo1 flexible cloth 4#ge ,all by ,,john ,,merle ,,coulter1 ,a4 ,m41 ,ph4 ,d41 ,head of ,dept4 of ,botany1 ,university of ,chicago4 ,they are already the preferred texts1 and the reasons will be apparent on examination4 ,,animal ,,life3 ,a ,first ,book of ,zoology4 ,by ,,david ,s4 ,,jordan1 ,m4 ,s41 ,m4 ,d41 ,ph4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,president of the ,leland ,stanford ,junior ,university1 and ,,vernon ,l4 ,,kellogg1 ,m4 ,s41 ,professor in ,leland ,stanford ,junior ,university4 #abmo4 ,cloth1 #a4bj4 ,now ready4 ,not a book for learning the classification1 anatomy1 and nomenclature of animals1 but to show how animals reached their present development1 the effects of environment1 their place in ,nature1 their relations to one another and to the human race4 ,designed for one-half year's work in high schools4 ,send for sample pages4 ,,animal ,,forms3 ,a ,second ,book of ,zoology4 ,by ,,david ,s4 ,,jordan4 ,m4 ,s41 ,m4 ,d41 ,ph4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 and ,,harold ,,heath1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,professor in ,leland ,stanford ,junior ,university4 ,ready in ,february1 #aija4 ,d4 ,,appleton ,,and ,,company1 ,publishers1 ,new ,york1 ,chicago1 ,london4 ,,recent ,,scientific ,,works ,in ,astronomy1 ,dr4 ,simon ,newcomb's new book1 published ,october1 #aijj2 in ,physics1 the ,johns ,hopkins text of ,professors ,rowland and ,ames2 also in ,physics for second and third year high school work1 the text of ,dr4 ,hoadley1 of ,swarthmore2 in ,physiology1 the text by ,drs4 ,macy and ,norris1 based on the ,nervous ,system2 also the ,high ,school ,physiology indorsed by the ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u41 written by ,drs4 ,hewes41 of ,harvard ,university2 in ,geology1 the ,revised 8,compend0 of ,dr4 ,le ,conte1 and the two standard works of ,dana1--,the ,manual for ,university ,work1 and the ,new ,text ,book1 revision and rewriting of ,dr4 ,rice1 for fourth year high school work2 in ,chemistry1 the approved ,storer and ,lindsay1 recommended for secondary schools by the leading colleges2 in ,zoology1 the ,laboratory ,manual of ,dr4 ,needham1 of ,cornell2 and the series 8,scientific ,memoirs0 edited by ,dr4 ,ames1 of ,john ,hopkins4 ,nine volumes ready4 ,the publishers cordially invite correspondence4 ,,american ,,book ,,company1 ,,cincinnati ,transcriber's ,notes pg #abd ,changed ,semi-diagramatic to3 ,semi-diagrammatic pg #abf ,assumed reduced to #b-e to mean3 pg #abh ,removed duplicate word of3 vessel of of suitable pg #acj ,changed the ,ohio ,naturalist4 to3 ,the ,ohio ,naturalist pg #aca ,added comma after3 ,engineering1 ,pharmacy pg #aca ,added period after3 ,keys simple4 pg #acb ,added period after3 ,david ,s4 ,jordan ,m4 ,d ,table of ,contents capitalization and punctuation left as written- does not match chapter headings