,,univ]sal ,,peace--,,f ,a ,,woman',s ,,/&po9t4 ,,by ,,b>oness ,,b]?a ,,von ,s,,ttn]4 ,i h be5 reque/$ to write a contribution to ^! pages ) ! above title4 ,! subject ( ,univ]sal ,peace occupies my ?\ghts & actions s completely1 & ! opportunity ( address+ myself to a circle ( ,am]ican read]s is s welcome to me1 t ,i 0 mo/ will+ to comply ) ! wi% ( ! ,editor1 al?\gh ,i %\ld c]ta9ly h *os5 ano!r title4 ,= al?\gh x is self-evid5t t ev]y?+ t a woman writes mu/ be writt5 f a woman's /&po9t1 x does n agree ) my pr9ciples to treat ! problem ( peace & w> exclusively1 or ev5 pr9cipally1 9 its relations to ! feel+s & lives ( wom54 ,su* relations c]ta9ly exi/1 & x w be ( great s]vice to ! progress ( ! peace movem5t if wom51 z su*1 w oppose ! in/itution hateful to mo!rs1 & if wom5's associations 7z daily occurs m (t57 w place ! que/ions ( peace & arbitration on ! ord] ( ! day at _! meet+s4 ,b ,i believe t m & m wom51 :o reflect ^u ?is important subject1 w leave ! specifically fem99e /&po9t1 to judge ( ?is1 s em95tly ! univ]sal conc]n ( humanity1 f a m g5]al po9t ( view4 ,x is only too natural t wom5 %\ld hate w>1 :i* robs !m ( ! support & ! joys ( _! exi/5ce1 & = t v reason until to-day ?is hatr$ has done no?+ t[>ds ! /ruggle aga9/ w>2 on ! contr>y1 only su* wom5 z c\ld triumph ov] _! natural feel+s ( abhorr5ce1 :o1 putt+ aside _! own grief1 c\ld incite to w>1 or ev5 !mselves p]=m w>like de$s1 only su* wom5 7 br\ght into prom95ce by hi/ory2 only ^! 7 prais$1 because1 ov]com+ _! egoism1 !y _h p]=m$ _! duty by p]=m+ brave de$s ( sacrifice4 ,wom5 :o cry1 8,w> mu/ cease because we suff] f x1 because we may lose our de>e/ by x10 ^!1 s long z w> 0 look$ ^u z natural & s]viceable to ! fa!rl&1 c]ta9ly /ood morally l[] ?an ^? :o said3 8,:at matt]s our mis]y1 ! common weal comes fir/20 or ^? :o bade _! sons3 8,return home victori\s or dead40 ,any opposition aris+ f p>ticul> int]e/s1 :e!r x be ! int]e/ ( rank1 class or sex1 is defici5t 9 e?ical causes1 & has !re=e also no e?ical efficacy4 ,! great influ5ce t wom5 are beg9n+ to ex]t to-day on que/ions ( social progress1 arises f ! fact t !y h /epp$ out f _! limit$ sph]e ( sex1 & h le>n$ to judge ^! que/ions 9 _! importance to univ]sal humanity4 ,! woman :o 0 capable ( becom+ an en?usia/ = w> & joyfully sacrific+ to x ! support] ( h] home & h] belov$ sons1 c]ta9ly /ood high] ?an %e :o 0 want+ 9 su* p[]s ( sacrifice2 b on a f> high] level /&s ! woman :o opposes w>1 n because x ?reat5s h] home1 b because %e has compreh5d$ t x is an evil = ! :ole human race4 ,n because !y are daught]s1 wives1 & mo!rs1 d mod]n wom5 wi% to und]m9e ! in/itution call$ w>1 b !y d x because !y are ! rational moiety ( a humanity t is becom+ rational1 & compreh5d t w> repres5ts a *eck to ! developm5t ( culture1 & t f e /&po9t--! moral & ! economical1 ! religi\s & ! philosophical--x is h>mful & to be condemn$4 ,! ,new ,woman alone w "w successfully = ! abolition ( w>4 ,! woman ( ye/]day1 9 spite ( isolat$ compla9ts & w>n+s1 did ! contr>y3 %e incit$ sil5tly or al\d to w>--sil5tly1 by ! admiration :i* %e *]i%$ = h]oism1 & ! pleasure :i* %e f\nd 9 uni=ms2 al\d1 by direct enc\ragem5t to fight4 ,! foll[+ episode has be5 relat$ to me4 ,x 0 be=e ! ,poli% insurrection1 9 ! ye> #ahfc4 ,9 ! h\se ( an ari/ocratic lady ! lite ( ,w>saw society 7 invit$ to d9n]4 ,aft] ! meal1 9 ! smok+-room1 ! g5tlem5 7 talk+ ov] ! political situation4 ,! lead]s ( ! subsequ5t insurrection 7 among ^? pres5t4 ,! "q 0 s]i\sly discuss$1 :e!r x 0 possible to ent] ^u a movem5t ( insurrection ) any prospect ( success4 ,! conclusion 0 arriv$ at t "u ! exi/+ circum/ances su* a movem5t w\ld be hopeless1 & w\ld only result 9 bloody massacre & increas$ sev]ity in/ead ( deliv]ance1 all agree+ t ! plans = a ris+ mu/ be giv5 up1 at lea/ = ! mom5t4 ,no?+ 0 to be said to ! ladies ( ?is resolve on return+ to ! draw+-room1 = x w\ld c]ta9ly incur _! disapproval4 ,"o ( ! g5tlem51 h[ev]1 0 fai?less to ?is resolution4 ,he let ! secret out4 8,:at6 n possible60 cri$ ! wom5 9 *orus4 8,t c only be a je/--no ,pole is capable ( su* c[>dice6 ,:o c\ld propose any?+ s disgraceful80 8,( c\rse x 0 only a je/10 agre$ ! o!rs1 :o w\ld h f\nd ! contempt ( ! wom5 intol]able1 & on ! foll[+ day ! revolution1 :i* result$ s un=tunately = ,pol&1 0 set 9 motion by ! same m5 :o _h resolv$ among !mselves n to attempt a ris+1 b :o c\ld n endure to displease _! wives4 ,"o may presuppose t among ! _m motives :i* 9 ! future w "w aga9/ milit>ism & w>1 ! foll[+ p[]ful motive w be f\nd3 ! *ange 9 wom5's favor4 ,:5 once a high] rew>d ( love is grant$ to m5 = ! h]oic de$s ( peace ?an = ^? ( w>1 :5 !y "k t !y w only e>n ! admiration ( ! be/ wom5 by work+ = ! new ideals ( ju/ice2 &1 on ! contr>y1 w ar\se ! abhorr5ce ( noble wom5 by support+ ! sy/em ( =ce1 !n "o ( ! /ronge/ motives :i* n[ drive "y m5 into ! pr(ession ( arms w be ov]come4 ,! true & mo/ important connection betwe5 ! woman's "q & ! peace "q is ?is3 ! realization ( ! ideals ( peace presupposes t ! :ole ( humanity %\ld rise to a high] level ?an t ^u :i* x n[ /&s 9 an ov]:elm+ majority4 ,9 ord] t ! elem5t ( =ce & oppression1 :i* gov]ns ! hi/ory ( society 9 ! pa/ & 9 ! pres5t1 %\ld yield to ! elem5t ( "r & fre$om1 a high] type ( man mu/ be evolv$4 ,we are n[ witness+ ?is evolution4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n app>5t only 9 "o sph]e1 b 9 _m at ! same "t1 & especially /rongly 9 ! sph]e ( ! wom5's movem5t4 ,to ! atta9m5t ( ! ideal t[>ds :i* mod]n endeavors are mov+1 ! unimp$$ developm5t is necess>y ( all m5tal g]ms 9 ! :ole human race4 ,none ( ! gifts %>$ by all may be suppress$ by reason ( suppos$ unsuitability to ! race1 or class1 or ev5 sex2 & ! virtues1 ! l>g] diffusion ( :i* is to *>act]ize ! new type1 mu/ be no long] divid$ into two halves2 g5tl5ess & mod]ation on ! fem99e1 c\rage & intellectual p[] on ! mascul9e1 side4 ,no2 e p]son w h to exhibit ^! virtues1 no matt] to :i* sex "o may belong4 ,j z at ! pres5t day !re are _m common qualities1 )\t :i* nei!r woman nor man c lay claim to e/eem1 su* z hone/y1 cleanl9ess1 dilig5ce1 love ( tru?1 s5se ( duty1 9 ! same mann] does ! new ideal ( p]fection exact all human virtues f all human be+s at ! same "t4 ,) ! removal ( o!r privileges ^? ( crime mu/ also cease1 & man %all no long] pride himself on 8 excesses4 ,c\rage1 t model virtue1 fir/ ( ! lion1 !n ( ! savage1 !n ( ! h]o1 la/ly ( ! soldi] always ready = battle1 mu/ lose its halo1 & mu/ n be practis$ only by m5 to ! po9t ( contempt ( life1 b w be requir$ 9 h\rs ( dang]1 9 life's difficult situations 9 a l measure f ! p]fectly human woman4 ,! human race w n be left alone to ! c>e ( woman1 b e p]fect human be+ mu/ disda9 to be a slave to ! pleasure ( ! s5ses )\t love or 9 trea*]\s disloyalty4 ,?us x w happ5 by ! fall+ ( ! fett]s :i* "o sex has borne s long1 t n x alone1 b also ! o!r w rise to a high] human dignity4 ,exactly ! contr>y w take place ( :at is dread$ by ! oppon5ts ( ! emancipation ( wom53 ! woman w n assume gross mascul9e defects1 ! man w n s9k into womani% effem9acy1 b bo? unit$1 among !m ! be/1 ! /ronge/1 & ! mo/ intellig5t1 w =m models ( a nobl] race4 ,x is unimag9able t a m highly develop$ cultur$ humanity1 9 :i* bo? sexes h equal rights 9 ! decisions ( society1 %\ld uphold ! in/itutions ( w>4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( compassion1 ( s5sitive abhorr5ce ( all t is h>d & cruel1 9 a ^w--( noble humanity1 mu/ exi/ 9 ! cultur$ community4 ,m5 console !mselves ) ! ?\ght t ^! qualities1 s necess>y to ! exi/5ce & dignity ( society1 are furni%$ by ! fem99e sex1 & ma9ta9 _! "r to h>dness & r\ghness1 a "r :i* is mo/ freely active 9 w>4 ,b :5 ! woman rises to an equal level1 mu/ %e also become a soldi]1 & %all %e lay aside ^? virtues :i* are n compatible ) ! pr(ession ( arms8 ,%all all g5tl5ess vani% out ( ! _w8 ,t is impossible4 ,!re=e ! woman mu/ r5\nce equal rights4 ,?is %e w nev] d2 x is mu* simpl] = ! man to r5\nce ! pr(ession ( arms4 ,! complete hide\sness ( unre/ra9$ gross conduct1 :i* passes z p]missible & occasionally z q delightful 9 ! mascul9e sex1 su* z dr9k+1 brawl+ & excess--! complete hide\sness ( ?is conduct is pla9ly visible :5 "o imag9es a woman giv5 to su* behavior4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m weaknesses ( "* are c\nt$ z contemptible 9 m51 & excusable1 if n *>m+1 9 wom5--z c[>dice1 weakness ( w1 & ?\ghtlessness4 ,n[1 :5 woman lays aside ^! 8lovely0 faults1 :5 %e %[s en]gy & self-confid5ce1 "s c]ta9ly praise h] = h] mascul9e "*1 b o!rs at once give utt]ance to ! fe> t1 ) ! lay+ aside ( ! fem99e defects1 ! fem99e virtues w also fall into abeyance4 ,b t is n ! case3 bo? sexes mu/ lay aside ^? faults :i* disgrace1 & practise ^? virtues :i* ennoble1 humanity4 ,& n[1 aft] prote/+ aga9/ my views be+ suppos$ to arise f a specifically fem99e /&po9t1 ,i w say :at ,i ?9k ab\t univ]sal peace2 b fir/1 ,i %\ld l to give a picture ( univ]sal w>1 z ,i see x#a f ! w> ( ! future1 s long prophesi$ & s spl5didly prep>$4 ,footnote #a3 ,see my 8,mas*95zeitalt]40 ,,iii4 ,auflage4 ,pi]son's ,v]lag4 ,a w> 9 :i* all ! great milit>y ,/ates ( ,europe took "p w\ld surpass all horrors t h hi!rto tak5 place1 9 ! same degree z ! pres5t weapons ( de/ruction & ^? /ill to be inv5t$ surpass ! club ) :i* ,ca9 may h sla9 8 bro!r4 ,9 su* a w> an am\nt ( murd] & de/ruction & savag]y w\ld be conta9$1 su* z 0 n 9 a hundr$ battles ( anci5t times4 ,! progress t has be5 made has n only increas$ ! p[] ( de/ruction a ?\s&fold1 b also t :i* is to be de/roy$ has become a ?\s& times m valuable1 & !re=e ! injury w\ld be proportionately great]4 ,! accel]at$1 incalculable improvem5t & increase1 ! te*nical developm5t t has gr[n to colossal dim5sions1 :i* leads to su* fabul\s results :5 direct$ to ! increase ( prop]ty & happ9ess1 to :at equally gigantic results ( mis]y mu/ ^! n lead1 :5 appli$ to ! pr9ciple ( ! de/ruction ( prop]ty1 happ9ess1 & life3 millions ( combatants ru% ^u "o ano!r1 & ! fight+ beg9s at ev] great] di/ances4 ,in/ead ( ! spe>1 t only flew a %ort di/ance1 in/ead ( ! lat] bullet t hit ! enemy at a few hundr$ paces1 ! dea?-br++ bombs n[ :i/le ?r\gh space at a di/ance ( miles2 long be=e ! two combatants c see ea* o!r ! vangu>d cov]s ! field4 ,b :5 & h[ w ! decision take place8 8,until "o or ! o!r side is s weak5$ t x gives up ! fight40 ,t 0 9 =m] times ! answ] to ?is "q4 ,n[ bo? sides rage ) equal =ce4 ,! weak5+ keeps equal pace4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s are fall51 b new hundr$s ( ?\s&s advance1 & ! decision is n a /ep ne>]4 ,a vanqui%$1 fly+ army8 ,t exi/s no m1 = no long] are m]e armies s5t =?1 b :ole nations4 ,!y fight ) ea* o!r = ! sake ( a /rip ( l&2 b mean:ile ! entire l& is deva/at$1 depopulat$ & ravag$ on ei!r side4 ,all crops are trodd5 "u foot1 all labor susp5d$1 all he>?s desolat$2 "o cry ( pa9 f fronti] to fronti]1 & /ill no decision4 ,e village a heap ( a%es1 e field a burial gr\nd1 & yet ! fight /ill rages2 "u ! waves ( ! sea %oot ! torp$o boats1 to s9k mighty /eam%ips2 9 ! cl\ds rise arm$ & mann$ air-balloons aga9/ ano!r aronautic =ce1 & f ! height ( a ?\s& feet mutilat$ w>riors %[] d[n 9 ble$+ fragm5ts2 m9es are sprung & bridges are hurl$ into ! waves ) _! loads ( m51 horses & c>riages2 p[d] magaz9es fly into ! air2 long l9es ( tra9s run (f ! rails2 hospitals blaze2 & /ill x is n decid$4 ,army1 res]ve1 militia--! ag$1 *ildr51 wom5--"o aft] ! o!r is slaught]$2 :at /ill lives becomes ! prey ( fam9e1 ( ! infallible pe/il5ce1 & ! w> is ov]4 ,b x is n decid$4 ,! trem5d\s magnitude ( ! imp5d+ w>--a magnitude :i* may be det]m9$ ) ma!matical c]ta9ty by reason ( ! pres5t ev]-increas+ numb] ( combatants & te*nique ( weapons1 might in/il a c]ta9 admiration & satisfaction1 if ! love ( & rage = fight+ _h increas$ 9 proportion to its means2 if ! value ( human life _h sunk 9 ! e/eem ( ! individual 9 ! same degree z 9 ! calculations ( mat]ial by ! adm9i/rators ( armies2 if f9ally ! ga9 ( w> _h increas$ z mu* z ! inevitable losses4 ,b ! rev]se ( all ?is is ! case4 ,hatr$ & love ( fight+ give place to civilization1 gr[+ g5tl] & con/antly spread+2 ! value ( life rises ) ! embelli%m5ts & alleviations af=d$ by daily advanc+ progress2 & la/ly1 z reg>ds ! advantages ( ! f9al victory1 a /rip ( l& or a heap ( =tress /ones1 or ! absolutely illusory 8,fame0--^! ?+s1 p[]less to enri* or to make happy1 s9k 9 an ev] great] disp>ity to ^? sacrifices1 increas+ to ! utt]mo/1 :i* !y r5d] necess>y4 ,s mu* = ! approa*+ 7or1 x is to be hop$1 n approa*+7 w>4 ,z reg>ds univ]sal peace1 :i* may n[ n be s remote--= at ! pres5t "t a conf]5ce is assembl$ 9 ?is "n1 call$ toge!r by ! mo/ p[]ful milit>y rul] 9 ! _w--p are by no means cle> z to its f\ndations & aims4 ,mo/ p]sons believe t memb]s ( ,peace ,societies imag9e "u ! "n ( univ]sal peace a condition ( g5]al h>mony1 a _w )\t fight+ or divisions1 ) undisput$ fronti]s settl$ = all "t1 & inhabit$ by angelic be+s1 ov]fl[+ ) g5tl5ess & love4 ,x is an old cu/om ( ! enemies ( any movem5t to repres5t x 9 a false light1 to attribute absurdities to x :i* x has nev] ass]t$1 & !n to attack !m ) *eap s>casm & obvi\s refutations4 ,s also "h4 ,! fri5ds ( peace d n desire to f\nd _! k+dom on impossibilities1 nor on conditions t might p]haps prevail ?\s&s ( ye>s h5ce1 b on ! liv+ pres5t & liv+ humanity4 ,! avoidance ( all disputes is n dem&$--= t is impossible--b t ! disputes %\ld be settl$ h5ce=w>d by arbitration in/ead ( by =ce1 z 0 hi!rto ! case4 ,?is level ( culture has already be5 atta9$ by ! individuals ( organiz$ /ates3 t x %\ld be atta9$ also by ! /ates !mselves 9 _! relations to ea* o!r1 is ! aim & object ( ! :ole peace movem5t4 ,!reby "o "r w\ld c]ta9ly be lo/--a "r :i*1 al?\gh x be>s ! pr\d "n ( sov]eignty1 is 9 tru? a great wrong2 ! "r ( "o /ate to attack ano!r4 ,b if t5 p]sons agree among !mselves to desi/ f mutual attack1 ea* ex*anges "o-t5? ( 8 lo/ *ance ( plund] = n9e-t5?s ( assur$ safety4 ,immutability ( exi/+ fronti]s & social arrangem5ts is dem&$ z little z ! avoidance ( disputes4 ,= ?is1 too1 w\ld be contr>y to nature4 ,ob/9acy1 be>+ ! pr\d title ( ,cons]vatism1 :i* opposes all natural alt]ations & displacem5ts1 is itself ! cause ( all =cible revolt4 ,j z 9 private life1 ! individual's possessions are protect$ f robb]y by a civiliz$ commonweal?1 b ! possessor is n gu>ante$ = all "t1 & ! poor are n prev5t$ f ga9+ possessions4 ,ri* & poor families gr[ or die out1 increase or decrease 9 =tune2 new gr\ps are =m$1 drawn toge!r by natural selection2 a gr[+ population mu/ ov]fl[ ! fronti]s2 =ms ( /ate belong+ to a l[] level ( culture mu/ be supplant$ by ! civilization ( ^? culturally sup]ior4 ,ela/icity is ! only quality :i* ensures peaceful duration or pa9less & imp]ceptible transition f "o =m to ano!r4 ,! _w %\ld rememb] ?is1 n[ t x has le>n$ ! law ( evolution1 & kn[s t all life & developm5t is ! "w ( adaptation4 ,b to contemplate peace & w> f a g5]al /&po9t is :at philosoph]s & politicians h done f ! e>lie/ times4 ,to "w out plans & propositions1 by :i* ! rul+ /ate ( w> may be replac$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( int]national ju/ice1 is a labor :i* has be5 c>ri$ on sy/ematically = ! la/ t5 ye>s by ! v>i\s gr\ps ( ! ,league ( ,peace1 & ! int]-p>liam5t>y union4 ,an entire lit]ature already exi/s on ?is subject1 & by consult+ ,dr4 ,evan ,d>by's 8,int]national ,tribunal0#b & ,dr4 ,b5jam9 ,trueblood's lately publi%$ "w1 8,! ,f$]ation ( ! ,_w10#c a complete k ( ! ideal & practical aims may be ga9$1 z also ( ! results already acquir$4 ,footnote #b3 ,london ,peace ,society1 #dg ,new ,broad ,/reet4 ,footnote #c3 ,bo/on & ,new ,york1 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 #ahii4 ,b n[1 at ! pres5t mom5t1 :5 ! "w ( peace is plac$ 9 ! h&s ( an int]-gov]nm5tal conf]5ce at ! ,hague1 furni%$ ) p[]s to realize ! resolutions pass$1 x is no long] fitt+ to draw up !ories ( ! ab/ract idea ( univ]sal peace3 n[ ev]yone sympa?iz+ ) ! great cause1 & especially su* z are 9 imm$iate proximity to ! conf]5ce1 are compell$ to conc5trate all _! int]e/ ^u x4 ,&1 !re=e1 ,i w close ^! l9es ) a few ?\ghts1 :i*1 q ap>t f ! 8woman's /&po9t10 might be> ! title3 8,univ]sal ,peace & ! ,conf]5ce at ! ,hague40 ,x appe>s to me t 9 ! criticism & discussion ( ?is unique ph5om5on1 ?is unprec$5t$ hi/orical ev5t1 ! importance ( ! fact t su* a ,conf]5ce is sitt+ is too mu* =gott54 ,"o ei!r loses oneself 9 ! "q3 8,:at w be discuss$80 & subjects e item ( ! programme to a m9ute te*nical criticism1 or "o enquires3 8,:at w be ! result80 & indulges 9 m or less hopeful1 or m or less sceptical1 conjectures & prophecies4 ,"o =gets to contemplate ! ov]:elm+ fact t su* a ,conf]5ce has be5 call$ toge!r by an autocrat 9 our ultra-milit>y times1 & 9 :i* e ,/ate takes "p4 ,ap>t f all t w be a*iev$ by spee*es1 propositions & resolutions1 ! significance & ! effect ( ! ev5t itself mu/ be ( ! greate/ influ5ce1 & ! fir/ (ficial ,peace ,conf]5ce appe>s l a miracle 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,among ! _m argum5ts br\ght aga9/ peace movem5ts on ! "p ( sceptics1 ! mo/ p[]ful us$ to be3 8,:at is ! use ( private ex]tions80 ,rul]s w nev] agree to re/rict milit>ism1 :i* is ! support ( ! ?rone1 or to aboli% w>1 :i* is ! raison d'tre ( milit>ism4 ,autocratic ,russia itself pres5t$ ! mo/ s]i\s m5ace ( w>4 8,suppose y attempt10 0 ! scornful rem>k1 8to get ! ,ts> ^u ! li/ ( y\r societies2 !n y might speak60 ,n[1 ! ,ts> /&s at ! head ( all peace movem5ts1 b ! oppon5ts set aside ! circum/ance t ! mo/ obvi\s ( _! t5 ord9>y argum5ts has be5 refut$1 &1 undismay$1 employ ! n9e rema9+ ones aga9/ ! ,ts> himself4 ,p d n only =get to obs]ve ! magnitude ( su* an ev5t z ! meet+ ( an int]-gov]nm5tal ,conf]5ce2 !y also =get1 9 speak+ ( ! subjects "u discussion1 to op5 _! eyes to ! importance ( !m4 ,!y "k :at ! po9t 9 "q is1 b !y d n realize x4 ,l a p]son ignorant ( music be=e a symphony ( ,bee?ov51 l a ?ree-ye>-old *ild be=e a picture by ,raphael1 s d p /& be=e ! *ronicle ( ! ,conf]5ce4 ,!y he> & see1 b ! awe ( compreh5sion does n ?rill ?r\gh !m4 8,univ]sal ,peace60 ,h[ few c compreh5d ! h>mony & ! glory t lie 9 ^! words4 ,h[ few reflect1 :ile discuss+ ! problems ly+ be=e ! ,conf]5ce1 :at is really at /ake3 ! happ9ess or ru9 ( !mselves & _! *ildr56 ,=1 t ! rgime ( int]national ju/ice w\ld %[] an undream$-( abundance ( moral & mat]ial b5efits ^u ! civiliz$ _w1 & on ! o!r h&1 t cont9u$ milit>y equipm5ts & ! ev5tual employm5t ( ! increas+ly deadly weapons ( w> mu/ lead to ru9 & annihilation1 c be d5i$ by none4 ,?us x is no?+ less ?an our highe/ happ9ess or deepe/ mis]y :i* is be+ discuss$ 9 ! ,huis t5 ,bos*4 ,b ! _w looks on z ?\gh x 7 a "q ( cu/oms duties or weights & measures2 _m boa/ ( 8be+ indiff]5t to ! matt]40 ,!y ?9k ?us to prove _! sup]iority1 & only %[ t !y d n und]/&4 ,n only )\t b )9 ! ,conf]5ce is !re an uncompreh5d+ majority4 ,among ! delegates1 z well z among ! ,gov]nm5ts t s5t !m1 mo/ are z indiff]5t1 9 "s cases z ho/ile1 z un9tellig5t1 g5]ally speak+1 z ! ord9>y public t[>ds ! idea ( univ]sal peace4 ,b t matt]s no?+3 ! fact rema9s t an int]national p>liam5t is n[ assembl$ 9 ! "n ( ?is idea2 ! _s abid+ 9 ! idea1 & inspir+ ! orig9ator z well z a numb] ( ! delegates1 w ex]t its p[] ^u ! indiff]5t1 ! ho/ile1 & ! uncompreh5d+1 & w p5etrate ! _w4 ,! true significance ( ! ,conf]5ce is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ words1 address$ by ! ,presid5t1 von ,/aal1 to ! delegates at ! op5+ ( ! fir/ sitt+3 8,to seek ! mo/ effective means ( ensur+ to all nations ! b5efits ( a real & la/+ peace1 t is ! *ief aim ( our delib]ations accord+ to ! text ( ! circul> ( ,augu/ #bd4 8,! "n #8,peace ,conf]5ce1' :i* ! in/9ct ( ! nations1 anticipat+ ! resolution ( ! ,gov]nm5ts1 has giv5 to our ,assembly1 ?is "n well describes ! pr9cipal object ( our labors2 ! ,peace ,conf]5ce mu/ n be fai?less to ! mission laid ^u x2 x mu/ br+ =? a tangible result f ^! delib]ations1 :i* is await$ 9 confid5ce by all mank9d40 ,all mank9d8 ,n yet4 ,a great portion ( x1 t :i* /ill holds fa/ to ! ?\s&-ye>-old in/itution ( w>1 be x ?r\gh p]sonal int]e/ or ! p[] ( imp>t$ prejudice1 hopes t ! ,conf]5ce w produce no result :i* may endang] w>2 a /ill great] portion1 ! dull masses1 expect no?+ at all4 ,b ^? :o really h confid5ce 9 ! progress ( culture1 :o1 9 agreem5t ) ! orig9ator ( ! ,conf]5ce & 8 fai?ful fell[-work]s1 are conv9c$ ( ! necessity ( ! pres5t ru9\s sy/em giv+ place to ano!r1 ^! latt] w note ^! words ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,conf]5ce2 & 9 case ( disappo9tm5t1 9 case ! ,conf]5ce 7 fai?less to its mission1 w\ld raise ! dem& = fulfilm5t s l\dly & cont9u\sly t at l5g? all mank9d w\ld be c>ri$ away by x4 ,b su* disappo9tm5t w n take place4 ,t may be boldly said be=eh&4 ,! proposals already put be=e ! ,assembly v\* = ! e>ne/ness & s9c]ity ( ! "w :i* has be5 begun4 ,!y are a pro( t ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,/aal's spee* is no m]e phrase1 b ! expression ( noble resolve3 8,diplomacy1 foll[+ a univ]sal law1 is no long] an art 9 :i* p]sonal skill plays ! pr9cipal "p1 b is /riv+ to become a sci5ce1 :i* mu/ possess fix$ rules = ! settlem5t ( int]national conflicts4 ,t is to-day ! ideal aim t x mu/ be> 9 view1 & great progress w indubitably be made1 if diplomacy succe$s 9 lay+ d[n "s ( ^! rules at ?is ,conf]5ce4 ,we %all also p>ticul>ly endeavor to codify ! practice ( arbitration & m$iation4 ,^! ideas =m1 s to speak1 ! ess5ce ( our task1 ! *ief aim ( our ex]tions2 #8to prev5t conflicts by peaceful means4'0 ,^! words fai?fully e*o ! in/ructions giv5 by ! ,ts> to 8 ambassador4 ,& already mu* has be5 done 9 ! specifi$ direction4 ,x is cle> t o!r p[]s _h come to ! ,conf]5ce ) plans equally f>-rea*+ if n m s1 & ! subject ( an 8,int]national ,p]man5t ,tribunal ( ,arbitration0--?is wilde/ dream ( ! ,utopians--has already be5 discuss$ & ev5 9 _m po9ts unanim\sly accept$4 ,! propositions (f]$ by ! repres5tatives ( ,russia1 ,engl&1 ,italy & ! ,unit$ ,/ates are kn[n ?r\gh ! newspap]s4 ,to ! oppon5ts ( ! peace movem5t t h lately po9t$ out ) special satisfaction t ,am]ica1 t /ronghold ( ef=ts = peace1 has lately ent]$ milit>y *annels1 to ^! ! plan s5t by ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t mu/ h caus$ rem>kable /upefaction4 ,) ^! proposals1 ) ?is en]getic & op5 p>ticipation 9 ! "w ( peace1 ! ,am]ican w aga9 fill t position 9 ! hi/ory ( civilization ) :i* ! fri5ds ( peace 9 ! :ole _w h always cr$it$ him3 ! ,pione] ( peace & fre$om4 ,a tangible result w be produc$ by ! ,conf]5ce1 some?+ newly creat$1 con/itut$1 p]man5t1 t c be develop$ & exp&$4 ,& besides ?is1 a direct result1 h[ _m indirect ones8 ,! :ole _w mu/ n[ take "p 9 ! "q1 & ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! social organism1 ! ,*ur*1 ,art1 ,lit]ature1 ! ,press1 are drawn into ! s]vice ( propag&ism4 ,gift$ m5 l ,/ead & ,blo*1 n[ resid5t at ! ,hague1 h an opportunity ( a field wor?y ( _! labors4 ,/ead has prevail$ ^u a ,dut* daily pap] to publi% an article on 8,w> aga9/ ,w>10 :i* plays ! same "p t[>ds ! ,conf]5ce z ! weekly pap] = ! ,engli%1 8,crusade ( ,peace40 ,blo* is giv+ lectures1 illu/rat$ by views1 (f]+ a resum ( ! great six-volume "w 9 :i*1 support$ by dates & facts1 he proves t ! w> ( ! future is a te*nical impossibility1 an 8,utopia40 ,ev5 if ! g5]al public has n compreh5d$ ! m>vell\s significance ( ! meet+ ( ! ,conf]5ce1 p]haps x w be capable ( p]ceiv+ ! significance ( positive results4 ,facts & successes are always m p[]ful ?an ! mo/ glori\s !ories1 h[ev] irrefutable4 ,& ! positive results w be ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,"o br+s ano!r ) x4 ,! "q ( neutraliz+ ! ,/ates1 ! "q ( ! coalition ( neutrals1 & la/ly ! "q ( dis>mam5t1 al?\gh ! two =m] are n ^u ! programme1 & ! latt] seems to h be5 mom5t>ily put aside--w come to ! front4 ,dis>mam5t & a *eck to milit>y equipm5t1 ^! 7 ! *ief motives ( ! ,ts>'s manife/o4 ,to av]t ! ru9 & mis=tune br\ght ^u nations by 8arm$ ,peace10 0 m5tion$ z ! object = :i* rem$ies 7 to be f\nd4 ,:5 once ^! rem$ies--int]national ju/ice1 etc4--h be5 f\nd1 ! object c no long] be evad$4 ,i believe t ! decision ( ! ,conf]5ce ^u ! "q ( dis>mam5t w (f] a />tl+ resolution1 or at lea/ a decl>ation ( pr9ciple1 :i* w be b9d+ 9 ! future4 ,"o ne$ n fe> to be conf\nd$ :5 prophesy+ agreeable surprises4 ,truly1 ,i v5ture to ass]t ) confid5ce1 ! progress f ! fir/ ( ! pa/ eight ,peace ,congresses 9 #ahhi to ! ,hague ,congress ( #ahii has be5 f> long] & m difficult ?an t lead+ f ?is ,conf]5ce to a complete atta9m5t ( its aims2 i4 e41 to ! abolition on pr9ciple ( ! in/itution ( w>4 ,9 ! mid/ ( our endeavors = univ]sal peace ! ,ts>'s initiative fell l a bomb%ell2 b n[1 ev5 7 x 9 ! ne> future1 ! inauguration ( lawfully gu>ante$ peace w\ld appe> to ^? qualifi$ to judge no long] z a surprise1 b z a fulfilm5t4 ,,b]?a ,,von ,s,,ttn]4 ,! ,hague1 ,june1 #ahii4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ obvi\s typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,reta9$ ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4