,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4 ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic4 ,ea* ( ! illu/rations is accompani$ by a fac-simile ( ! arti/'s signature4 ,illu/ration3 ,surimono3 ,a ,cr[ ,/eal+ a ,sword4 ,?is sword is a fam\s heirloom ( ! anci5t h\se ( ,g5ji1 describ$ 9 ! old romance kn[n z 8,g5ji ,monogat>i40 ,by ,hokusai4 ,illu/ration3 ,biwa1 ! ,beautiful ,lake1 s nam$ f its resemblance 9 =m to ! ,f\r-/r+$ ,lute4 ,by ,hiro%ige4 ,,impressions ,,( ,,ukiyo-,,ye ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,japanese ,,col\r-,,pr9t ,,arti/s ,,by ,,dora ,,amsd5 ,! ?+s ( ,heav5 & ( ,buddha3 ,! ,life ( ,m5 & ,wom54 ,f ! ,mang-wa ( ,hokusai4 ,illu/ration3 ,symbol ,,paul ,,eld] ,,& ,,company ,,san ,,francisco ,,& ,,new ,,york ,copyright #aije by ,,paul ,,eld] ,,& ,,company ,,revis$ ,,edition ,! ,tomoye ,press ,,to ,,my ,,bro!r ,,& ,,be/ ,,fri5d ,,*>les ,,watson ,,jackson ,cont5ts4 ,page ,! ,rise ( ,ukiyo-ye 7,! ,float+ ,_w7 #a ,g5roku 7,! ,gold5 ,era ( ,romance & ,art7 #ac ,! ,s*ool ( ,torii 7,! ,pr9t]s ,bran* ( ,ukiyo-ye7 #be ,utam>o 7,le ,fondateur de ,l'cole de la ,vie7 #ce ,! ,romance ( ,hokusai 7,ma/] ( ,ukiyo-ye7 #dg ,hiro%ige 7,l&scape ,pa9t] & ,apo/le ( ,impressionism7 #eg ,analytical ,comp>isons betwe5 ! ,ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye #fi ,h9ts to ,collectors ( ,ukiyo-ye ,gems #gg ,bibliography1 = ,use ( ,/ud5ts #gh ,fac-similes ( ! ,mo/ ,fam\s ,signatures ( ! ,ukiyo-ye ,arti/s #hj ,index #hc ,illu/rations4 ,hiro%ige ,i--,biwa1 ! ,beautiful ,lake1 nam$ aft] ! f\r-/r+$ ,lute ,frontispiece ,suzuki ,h>unobu--,an ,illu/ration f ! 8,occupations ( ,wom50 ,opposite ,page #bb ,kiyonaga--,"u ! ,*]ry ,blooms 8 #cj ,toyokuni--,! ,actor ,kikugoro 8 #cd ,a,utam>o--,:ile ,"m ,sleeps 8 #dj ,hokusai--,two ,ladies 8 #dh ,hok'kei--,a ,riv] ,sc5e 8 #eb ,hiro%ige--,wi/>ia ,view+ at ,kameido 8 #eh ,yei%i--,two ,ladies 8 #gj ,%unko--,an actor 9 ! ,miyako ,dance 8 #gb ,kitugawa ,yeizan--,! ,sn[/orm 8 #gd ,hokusai--,"o ( ! ,?irty-six ,views ( ,m\nt ,fuji 8 #gf ,hokusai--,surimono3 ,a ,cr[ ,/eal+ a ,sword ,fir/ ,fly-leaf ,yanagawa ,%ig5obu--,! ,ride ( ! ,w>rior ,miura ,k5isuke ,la/ ,fly-leaf ,footnote ,a3 ,f ! ,happ] ,collection4 ,,impressions ,,( ,,ukiyo-,,ye ,! ,rise ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,! ,float+ ,_w4 ,! ,art ( ,ukiyo-ye is a 8spiritual r5d]+ ( ! realism & naturalness ( ! daily life1 int]c\rse ) nature1 & imag9+s1 ( a lively impressionable race1 9 ! full tide ( a passionate crav+ = art40 ,?is *>act]ization ( ,j>ves sums up =cibly ! motive ( ! ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 ! ,popul> ,s*ool ( ,japanese ,art1 s poetically int]pret$ 8,! ,float+ ,_w40 ,to ! ,passionate ,pilgrim1 & devotee ( nature & art1 :o has visit$ ! en*ant$ ,ori5t1 x is unnecess>y to prep>e ! way = ! prop] und]/&+ ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,?is joy\s ideali/ tru/s less to dogma ?an to impressions4 8,i "k no?+ ( ,art1 b ,i "k :at ,i l10 is ! language ( s9c]ity1 s9c]ity :i* does n take a /& ^u cre$ or tradition1 nor ^u cut & dri$ pr9ciples & conv5tions4 ,x is truly said t 8!y alone c pret5d to fa?om ! dep? ( feel+ & beauty 9 an ali5 art1 :o resolutely det]m9e to scrut9ize x f ! po9t ( view ( an inhabitant ( ! place ( its bir?40 ,to ! born cosmopolite1 :o assimilates ali5 ideas by in/9ct1 or ! gaug+ p[] ( 8 sub-consci\s intellig5ce1 ! feat is easy1 b to ! less intuitively gift$1 x is necess>y to s]ve a novitiate1 9 ord] to appreciate 8a :olly recalcitrant elem5t l ,japanese ,art1 :i* at once dem&s att5tion1 & defies judgm5t ^u accept$ !ories40 ,^! sket*es are n an individual expression1 b an endeav\r to give 9 cond5s$ =m ! op9ions ( ^? qualifi$ by /udy & rese>* to speak ) au?ority ^u ! =m ( ,japanese ,art1 :i* 9 its mo/ concrete developm5t ! ,ukiyo-ye pr9t is n[ claim+ ! att5tion ( ! art _w4 ,! developm5t ( col\r pr9t+ is1 h[ev]1 only ! objective symbol ( ,ukiyo-ye1 =1 z our ,we/]n oracle1 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa1 said1 8,! true hi/ory ( ,ukiyo-ye1 al?\gh includ+ pr9ts z "o ( its mo/ fasc9at+ div]sions1 is n a hi/ory ( ! te*nical art ( pr9t+1 r an /hetic hi/ory ( a peculi> k9d ( design40 ,! temptation to make use ( "o m quotation1 9 conclud+ ^! introductory rem>ks1 is irresi/ible1 = 9 x ,walt] ,pat] sets 8 seal ^u art z a legitimate pursuit1 no matt] :at =m x takes1 ?\gh irreconcilable ) preconceiv$ ideas & traditions4 8,! legitimate cont5tion is n ( "o age or s*ool ( art aga9/ ano!r1 b ( all successive s*ools alike1 aga9/ ! /upidity :i* is dead to ! sub/ance1 & ! vulg>ity :i* is dead to =m40 ,z ! ,popul> ,s*ool 7,ukiyo-ye7 0 ! outcome ( ov] a ?\s& ye>s ( gr[?1 x is necess>y to glance back along ! c5turies 9 ord] to und]/& & foll[ ! processes ( its developm5t4 ,?\gh ! orig9 ( pa9t+ 9 ,japan is %r\d$ 9 obscurity1 & veil$ 9 tradition1 !re is no d\bt t ,*9a & ,corea 7 ! direct s\rces f :i* %e d]iv$ h] art2 :il/ m indirectly %e 0 influ5c$ by ,p]sia & ,india1--! sacr$ f\nt ( ori5tal art1--z ( religion1 :i* ev] w5t h& 9 h&4 ,9 ,*9a1 ! ,m+ dyna/y gave bir? to an orig9al /yle1 :i* = c5turies dom9at$ ! art ( ,japan2 ! sweep+ calligraphic /rokes ( ,hokusai m>k ! sway ( h]$it>y influ5ce1 & 8 wood-cutt]s1 tra9$ to foll[ ! graceful1 flu5t l9es ( 8 purely ,japanese "w1 7 /agg]$ by 8 sudd5 flights into angul> realism4 ,! ,*9ese & ,buddhi/ s*ools ( art dat$ f ! six? c5tury1 & 9 ,japan ! ,emp]or ,heizei f\nd$ an imp]ial academy 9 #hjh4 ,?is academy1 & ! s*ool ( ,yamato1 f\nd$ by ,motomitsu 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 l$ up to ! celebrat$ s*ool ( ,tosa1 :i* ) ,kano1 its augu/ & ari/ocratic rival1 held undisput$ supremacy = c5turies1 until *all5g$ by plebeian ,ukiyo-ye1 ! s*ool ( ! common p ( ,japan4 ,tosa has be5 *>act]iz$ z ! 8manife/ation ( ard5t fai?1 ?r\gh ! purity ( an e!real /yle40 ,tosa repres5t$ ! ta/e ( ! c\rt ( ,kyoto1 & 0 relegat$ to ! s]vice ( ! ari/ocracy2 x reflect$ ! esot]ic my/]y ( ,%9to & ! hall[$ ent\rage ( ! div9ely desc5d$ ,mikado4 ,! c]emonial ( ! c\rt1 its ftes & religi\s solemnities1--dances att5d$ by daimios1 9 robes ( /ate fall+ 9 full h>moni\s folds1--7 depict$ ) consummate elegance & delicacy ( t\*1 :i* betray$ famili>ity ) ! occult me?ods ( ,p]sian m9iature pa9t+4 ,! ,tosa arti/s us$ v f9e1 po9t$ bru%es1 & set (f ! brilliance ( _! col\r+ ) respl5d5t backgr\nds 9 gold leaf1 & x is to ,tosa we owe ! intricate designs1 almo/ microscopic 9 detail1 :i* are to be se5 ^u ! mo/ beautiful specim5s ( gold lacqu] "w2 & scre5s1 :i* = ri*ness h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,japanese ,art 0 ev] dom9at$ by ! prie/ly hi]>*y1 & also by temporal rul]s1 & ( ?is ! s*ool ( ,tosa 0 a not$ example1 z x receiv$ its title f ! pa9t]-pr9ce1 ,tsunetaka1 :o1 besides be+ ! orig9ator ( an arti/ic c5tre1 held ! position ( vice-gov]nor ( ! prov9ce ( ,tosa4 ,f its incipi5ce1 ,tosa ow$ its pre/ige to ! ,mikado & 8 nobles1 z lat] ,kano became ! (ficial s*ool ( ! usurp+ ,%oguns4 ,?us ! religi\s1 political & arti/ic hi/ory ( ,japan 7 ev] closely alli$4 ,! ,tosa /yle 0 combat$ by ! influx ( ,*9ese influ5ce1 culm9at+ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 ! rival s*ool ( ,kano4 ,! s*ool ( ,kano ow$ its orig9 to ,*9a4 ,at ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/ prie/1 ,josetsu1 left 8 own c\ntry = ,japan1 & br++ ) him ,*9ese tradition1 he f\nd$ a new dyna/y ^: desc5dants /ill repres5t ! mo/ illu/ri\s s*ool ( pa9t+ 9 ,japan4 ,! ,kano s*ool to ?is day cont9ues to be ! /ronghold ( classicism1 :i* 9 ,japan signifies pr9cipally adh]5ce to ,*9ese models1 a traditional te*nique1 & avoidance ( subjects :i* repres5t e-day life4 ,! ,*9ese calligraphic /roke lay at ! root ( ! te*nique ( ,kano1 & ! ,japanese bru% ow$ its facility elem5t>ily to ! art ( writ+4 ,dext]\s h&l+ ( ! bru% is necess>y to produce ^! bold1 incisive /rokes1 & ! signs ( ! alphabet require little expansion to resolve !mselves into drap$ =ms1 & z easily !y c be decompos$ into _! ab/ract elem5t4 ,walt] ,crane inculcates ! wisdom ( ?is me?od = prelim9>y practice ) ! bru% 9 8 valuable /udy1 8,l9e & ,=m10 b ! ,*9ese & ,japanese ideographs give a f> wid] scope to initial bru% "w4 ,! e>ly arti/s ( ,kano r$uc$ pa9t+ to an academic art1 & de/roy$ naturalism1 until ! g5ius ( ,masanobu1 :o gave 8 "n to ! s*ool1 & /ill m1 t ( 8 son1 ,motonobu1 ! real 8,kano10 graft$ on to ,*9ese models1 & monotony ( mono*rome1 a w>m? ( col\r & h>mony ( design :i* reg5]at$ & revivifi$ ! :ole sy/em4 ,kano yield$ to ,*9ese influ5ce1 ,tosa combat$ x1 & /rove = a purely national art1 ,ukiyo-ye bridg$ ! *asm1 & became ! expon5t ( bo? s*ools1 br++ ab\t an expansion 9 art :i* c\ld nev] h be5 realiz$ by ^! ari/ocratic rivals4 ,! vig\r & =ce ( ! conqu]+ ,%oguns l$ ,kano1 :ile ! lu/re ( ,tosa 0 an emanation f ! sanctifi$ & veil$ ,mikado4 ,! fav\rite subjects ( ! ,kano pa9t]s 7 *iefly ,*9ese sa9ts & philosoph]s1 my?ological & leg5d>y h]oes1 repres5t$ 9 v>i\s attitudes ) backgr\nds ( conv5tional cl\ds & mi/s1 int]sp]s$ ) symbolical emblems4 ,_m ( ! ,kano sa9ts & h]oes be> a /rik+ resemblance to m$ival subjects1 z !y are (t5 repres5t$ ris+ f bill[y cl\d masses1 rob$ 9 e!real drap]ies1 & ) heads encircl$ by ! nimbus4 ,b5ea? ! bru% ( ,motonobu1 =mal classicism melt$4 ,9 ?is new movem5t1 says ,kakuzo ,okakura1 8art fl$ f man to nature1 & 9 ! purity ( ink l&scapes1 9 ! graceful spray ( bamboos & p9es1 s\ght & f\nd h] asylum40 ,space w n p]mit a glance at ! p]sonnel ( ! _m s*ools ( ,japanese ,art4 ,a l5g?y catalogue alone w\ld be requir$ to enum]ate ! ma/]s :o inaugurat$ s*ools1 = if an arti/ develop$ exceptional tal5t 9 ,japan1 he imm$iately f\nd$ an individual s*ool1 & x 0 incumb5t ^u 8 desc5dants = g5]ations to adh]e rigidly to ! pr9ciples he _h inculcat$1 s becom+ slaves to traditional me?ods4 ,dur+ ! an>*y ( ! f\rte5? c5tury art /agnat$ 9 ,japan1 b a revival1 correspond+ ) our ,european ,r5aissance1 foll[$4 ,! fifte5? c5tury 9 ,japan1 z 9 ,europe1 0 ess5tially ! age ( revival4 ,wm4 ,&]son epitomizes 9 "o pregnant phrase ?is work+ p[]3 8,all ages ( heal?y human prosp]ity are m or less revivals4 ,a little /udy w\ld probably %[ t ! ,ptolemaic era 9 ,egypt 0 a r5aissance ( ! ,!ban age1 9 ar*itecture z 9 o!r respects1 :ile ! gold5 p]iod ( ,augu/us 9 ,rome 0 l>gely a ,greek revival40 ,!re seems ev] to h be5 a reciprocal action 9 ,japanese ,art4 ,tosa1 fam$ = delicacy ( t\*1 m9uti ( detail & brilliance ( col\r1 yield$ to ! black & :ite1 vigor\s =ce ( ,kano4 ,kano aga9 0 modifi$ by ! gl[+ col\r+ introduc$ by ,kano ,masanobu & ,motonobu4 ,lat] we see ! v>i$ palette ( ,miyagawa ,*o%un efface ! mono*romic simplicity ( ,moronobu1 ! r+lead] ( ! pr9t]s ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,! lead+ light 9 art 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury 0 ,*o ,d5su1 ! ,fra ,angelico ( ,japan1 :o1 a simple monk1 s]v+ 9 a ,kyoto temple1 mu/ 9 a trance ( religi\s & arti/ic ec/asy h beheld a spectrum ( fadeless dyes1 s wondr\s 7 ! col\rs he lavi%$ ^u ! drap]ies ( 8 sa9ts & sages4 ,! spl5d\r ( ?is beatific vision has nev] fad$1 = ! ma/]s :o foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! inspir$ monk rev]5tly pres]v$ ! secret ( ^! preci\s %ades1 till at la/1 9 ! =m ( ! ,ukiyo-ye pr9t1 !y 7 s[n broadca/1 & revolutioniz$ ! col\r s5se ( ! art _w4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ,japanese ,art ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is (t5 no?+ b a reproduction ( ! works ( ! anci5t great ma/]s1 & ! me?ods & mann]isms ( ! fifte5? c5tury arti/s h ev] s]v$ z examples = lat] /ud5ts4 ,! glory ( ! fifte5? c5tury 0 increas$ by ,mitsunobu ( ,tosa1 & above all by ! two great ,kano arti/s1 ,masanobu & 8 son1 ,motonobu1 :o receiv$ ! title ( 8,hog510 & is ref]r$ to z 8,ko ,hog510 or ! anci5t ,hog51 ( :om x has be5 rem>k$1 8,he fill$ ! air ) lum9\s beams40 ,by ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! pr9ciples ( art 9 ,japan became def9itely fix$1 z1 almo/ contemporane\sly1 ,giotto e/abli%$ a canon ( art 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* he1 9 turn1 _h receiv$ f ! ,attic ,greeks1 ?r\gh ,cimabue1 & :i* 0 cond5s$ by ,rusk9 into a gramm> ( art1 "u ! t]m 8,laws ( ,fsole40 ,! two great s*ools1 ,tosa & ,kano1 fl\ri%$ indep5d5tly until ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ! g5ius ( ! popul> arti/s1 =m+ ! s*ool ( ,ukiyo-ye1 gradually fus$ ! traditions ( ,tosa & ,kano1 absorb+ ! me?ods ( ^! rival s*ools1--:i*1 diff]+ 9 te*nique & motive1 7 unit$ 9 _! pr\d disda9 ( ! new art :i* d>$ to repres5t ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! common p4 ,h>unobu & ,hokusai1 ,kiyonaga & ,hiro%ige 7 ! cr[n+ glory ( all ! s*ools1--! arti/s ^: g5ius told ! /ory ( _! c\ntry1 day by day1 weav+ a c5tury ( hi/ory into "o liv+ encyclop$ia1 sumptu\s 9 =m1 kaleidoscopic 9 col\r4 ,ukiyo-ye prep>$ ,japan = int]c\rse ) o!r nations by develop+ 9 ! common p an int]e/ 9 o!r c\ntries1 9 sci5ce & =eign culture1 & by promot+ ! desire to travel1 ?r\gh ! means ( illu/rat$ books ( v>i$ sc5es4 ,to ,ukiyo-ye1 ! ,japanese ow$ ! gradual expansion ( int]national consci\sness1 :i* culm9at$ 9 ! revolution ( #ahfh1--;a revolution1 ! mo/ a/oni%+ 9 hi/ory1 accompli%$ z if by miracle2 b ! esot]ic g]m ( ?is seem+ly spontane\s gr[? ( ,meiji lay 9 ! ateli] ( ! arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,to trace ! evolution ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool 9 its developm5t ?r\gh ne>ly ?ree c5turies is a l5g?y /udy1 ( deep int]e/4 ,! mi/s ( unc]ta9ty ga!r ab\t ! lives ( _m apo/les ( ,ukiyo-ye1 f ! orig9ator1 ,iwasa ,matahei1 to ,hiro%ige1 "o ( ! late/ disciples1 ^: *anges ( /yle & div]sity ( signature h giv5 rise to ! supposition t z _m z ?ree arti/s are entitl$ to ! "n4 ,^! mi/s ( tradition _c be altoge!r disp]s$ by su* indefatigable /ud5ts z ,m4 ,l\is ,gonse1 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa1 ,m4 ,edmond de ,gonc\rt1 ,wm4 ,&]son1 ,john ,s4 ,happ] & _m o!rs1 b by _! aid ! me?ods ( ,ori5tal ,art are cl>ifi$ & expla9$4 ,iwasa ,matahei1 ! date ( ^: bir? is giv5 z #aegh1 is consid]$ to be ! orig9ator ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool4 ,! spontane\s gr[? ( great movem5ts & ! my/]y ( ! s\rce ( g5ius are illu/rat$ 9 ! c>e] ( ,matahei4 ,8 environm5t fitt$ him to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 ma/]1 ,mitsunori ( ,tosa4 ,yet ! city ( ,kyoto1 veil$ 9 my/ic sanctity1 :]e religion & pr9cely patronage held art 9 conv5tional %ackles1 gave bir? to ! lead] ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool4 ,/ill1 0 n ,kyoto1 ! sacr$ he>t ( ,japan1 a fit cradle = ,ukiyo-ye1 ! life & s\l ( ! ,japanese p8 ,matahei & 8 foll[]s ent]$ into ! _s ( ! ,japanese temp]am5t1 & f ! ,popul> ,s*ool sprang lib]ty & a novelty ( horizon4 ,! ari/ocratic s*ools _h conf9$ !mselves to repres5tations ( pr9cely pageantry1 to portraiture1 & to ideal pictures ( my?ical p]sonages1 sa9ts & sages4 ,! tradition ( ,*9a %[$ 9 all _! l&scapes1 :i* reflect$ e!real vi/as classically r5d]$1 ( an ali5 l&4 ,!re=e ,matahei 0 contemptu\sly dis[n$ by ,tosa = depict+ sc5es f ! life ( 8 c\ntrym51 yet ! te*nique ( ,kano & ,tosa 7 ! bir?right ( ! arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 an inali5able inh]itance 9 =m1 into :i* !y brea!d ! _s ( life1 ?us revivify+ an art gr[n cold & academical1 & fro/$ ) tradition4 ,! col\r+ ( ,kano _h fad$1 t5d+ cont9ually t[>d mono*rome1 b ! ,ukiyo-ye pa9t]s re/or$ ! use ( gorge\s pigm5ts1 pres]v+ ! glory ( ,kano ,yeitoku1 ! c\rt pa9t] to ,hideyo%i4 ,9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury appe>$ ,hi%igawa ,moronobu1 consid]$ by _m to be ! real f\nd] ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,8 g5ius weld$ ) ! new motif ! use ( ! block = pr9t+1 an innovation :i* l$ to ! mo/ *>act]i/ic developm5t 9 ,ukiyo-ye art4 ,?is art ( pr9t+1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,*9a & ,corea1 _h1 until ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 be5 conf9$ solely to ! s]vice ( religion = ! reproduction ( texts & images1 b ,moronobu conceiv$ ! idea ( us+ ! =m ( pr9t$ book illu/ration1 j com+ into vogue1 z a *annel to set =? ! life ( ! p4 ,besides pa9t+ & illu/rat+ books1 he began pr9t+ s+le %eets1 occasionally add+ to ! pr9t$ outl9es da%es ( col\r f ! bru%1 pr9cipally 9 orange & gre54 ,^! %eets1 ! precursors ( ! ,ukiyo-ye pr9ts1 sup]s$$ ! ,otsu-ye1--impressioni/ic h&-pa9t+s1 draught$ ha/ily = rapid circulation4 ,! ,otsu-ye 7 sometimes ri*ly illum9at$1 ! l>ge/ surfaces 9 ! co/umes be+ fill$ 9 ) a gr\nd ( black lacqu]1 & ornam5t$ ) lay]s ( gold leaf atta*$ by v>ni%4 ,moronobu acquir$ 8 te*nique f bo? ,tosa & ,kano1 b 0 orig9ally a design] = ! ri* brocades & tissues wov5 9 ,kyoto4 ,he add$ to ?is art t ( embroid]y1 & leav+ ,kyoto1 took up ?is bran* at ! rival city ,y$o1 :]e all ! arts & crafts 7 develop+ "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,tokugawa ,%oguns1 ! dyna/y ) :i* ,ukiyo-ye art is practically co-ext5sive4 ,x 0 ,hi%igawa ,moronobu :o design$ = 8 c\ntrywom5 _! luxuri\s trail+ robes1 ) enorm\s sleeves1 ri*ly embroid]$1--gorge\s & /ately g>m5ts :i* he lov$ to reproduce on pap]1 ) m>vell\s p[]s ( sweep+ l9e4 ,z 9 all fa%ions ( dress1 9 "t ! graceful l9es became exagg]at$ until1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !y ov]/epp$ ! limits ( beauty1 & approa*$ ! realm ( c>icature4 ,today1 9 ! mod]n po/]1 we see p]petuat$ ! deg5]ate (fspr+ ( ! g5ius ( ,moronobu1 ( :om x is rem>k$ t 8 enl>g$ compositions h ! pla/icity ( bas-reliefs4 ,an arti/ :o greatly influ5c$ ,moronobu 0 ,tanyu1 ( ! ,s*ool ( ,kano1 ^: ma/]piece may be se5 at ! great temple 9 ,kyoto1--f\r pa9t$ panels ( lions1 ( indescribable maje/y4 ,m4 ,l\is ,gonse tells u t "o ( ,tanyu's kakemonos1 belong+ to a celebrat$ ,fr5* pa9t]1 well su/a9s ! te/ ( comp>ison ) its companion pictures1 9 ! arti/'s /udio1 by ,dur]1 ,rembr&t & ,rub5s4 ,"u ,tanyu's direction ! task ( reproduc+ ! old ma/]pieces 0 und]tak54 ,! arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye 7 ev] ready to pr(it by ! tea*+ ( all ! s*ools2 !re=e1 prop]ly to foll[ ! me?ods ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool1 we mu/ /udy ! "w ( ! old ma/]s & ! subjects f :i* !y d]iv$ _! inspiration4 ,9 ?is brief resum we _c foll[ ! fluctuations ( ,japanese ,art ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,dur+ long p]iods ( conflict & bloody int]nec9e /rife1 art langui%$2 :5 peace reign$1 !n 9 ! seclusion ( _! ya%ikis ^! fi]ce & pr9cely w>riors ?rew d[n _! arms & surr5d]$ !mselves to ! s]vice ( beauty & ( art4 ,nor _h ! da9ty inmates ( _! ca/les langui%$ idly dur+ ^! /irr+ times4 ,(t5 !y def5d$ _! hon\r & _! homes aga9/ trea*]\s neighb\rs4 ,x 0 a ,japanese woman :o l$ h] conqu]+ c\ntrym5 into ,corea4 ,9 ! arts ( peace ! cultur$ wom5 ( ,japan kept pace ) _! lov]s & husb&s4 ,a woman revis$ & enl>g$ ! alphabet1 & "s ( ! mo/ beautiful classic poems are ascrib$ to !m4 ,well might ! ,japanese fight fi]cely = 8 alt> & home1 ) ! ?\ght ( ! fl[]-s(t h&s t 7 wait+ to /rip him ( 8 arm\r & /ifle ) c>esses ! recollection ( pa/ conflict4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ,japan sugge/s a comp>ison ) anci5t ,greece1 & ! ,japanese poets might h apo/rophiz$ _! c\ntry1 z did ,byron ! l& ( 8 adoption3 8,! isles ( ,greece1 ! isles ( ,greece6 ,:]e burn+ ,sappho lov$ & sung1 ,:]e grew ! arts ( w> & peace1-- ,:]e ,delos rose1 & ,phbus sprung60 ,happily ,japan1 unlike ,greece1 )/ood ! en]vat+ influ5ces ( luxury & ! passionate adoration ( beauty4 ,pr9ces lab\r$ alike ) *isel & ) bru%1 & ! l(tie/ rul]s disda9$ n ! tool ( ! artisan4 ,art ,indu/rial kiss$ ,gr& ,art1 :i* rema9$ virile b5ea? ! /urdy b5$iction4 ,!re=e ,japan lives1 unlike ,greece1 ^: beauty 9 decay call$ =? t sadde/ ( dirges1 end+1 8',tis ,greece1 b liv+ ,greece no m40 ,9 ,japan1 art light5s ! burd5 ( lab\r1 utility & beauty g h& 9 h&1 & ! ess5tial & ! real rea* upw>d1 & t\* ! beautiful & ! ideal4 ,g5roku4 ,! ,gold5 ,era ( ,romance & ,art4 ,! ,n5-g ( ,g5roku1 f #afhh to #agjc1 0 t p]iod ( incomp>able glory :i* ! ,japanese rev]e z ! ,fr5* d ! "t ( ,l\is ! ,f\rte5?4 ,peace _h long reign$ & art fl\ri%$ "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,tokugawa ,%oguns4 ,!n liv$ ! great work] 9 lacqu]1 ,kor91 pupil ( ,sotatsu1 ! fl[] pa9t]1 unrivall$ arti/s :o _h absorb$ ! secrets ( bo? ,kano & ,tosa4 ,it*o1 ! gr& col\ri/1 fl\ri%$1 & ,k5zan1 bro!r ( ,kor91 ! 8,expon5t 9 pott]y decoration ( ! ,kor9 ,s*ool40 ,y$o1 ! new capital ( ! usurp+ ,tokugawas1 n[ became ! ,mecca ( g5ius1 rivall+ ! anci5t metropolis ,kyoto1 = ! great ,%oguns enc\rag$ art 9 all =ms1 n disda9+ to enroll !mselves z pupils to ! ma/]s 9 pa9t+ & lacqu]4 ,! greate/ rul] became "o ( ! greate/ arti/s1 ev5 assum+ ! art title ( ,s5dai ,%ogun4 ,9 ?is age ! height ( p]fection 0 rea*$ 9 metal "w1 bo? *as$ & ca/4 8,! sword is ! s\l ( ! ,samurai10 says ! old ,japanese motto1 !re=e its decoration & adornm5t 0 a sacr$ s]vice to :i* g5ius delight$ to d$icate itself4 ,9 ,japan ! greate/ arti/s 7 sometimes c>v]s & pa9t]s & work]s 9 metals 9 "o1 & sugge/ comp>ison ) ! ,european ma/]s ( two c5turies e>li]4 ,did n ,botticelli take 8 "n f ! goldsmi? = :om he work$1 & ,leon>do da ,v9ci began 8 art life by 8twi/+ metal scre5s = ! tombs ( ! ,m$ici08 ,lat] we see him play+ be=e 8 patron1 ,francesco1 9 ,milan1 ^u t weird silv] h>p he _h himself con/ruct$1 till at la/1 p]fect$ 9 art1 he project$ ^u canvas ! ,mona ,lisa1 t 8realization ( /range ?\ghts & fanta/ic rev]ies & exquisite passions40 ,also 9 ,japan1 z 9 ,europe1 ! g5ius ( ! nation 0 consecrat$ to ! dead4 ,m ?an half ( ,mi*elangelo's life 0 devot$ to ! decoration ( tombs1 & ! %r9es ( ! ,%oguns are ! greate/ art monum5ts 9 ,japan4 ,preoccupation ) graves p]haps enabl$ ! ,japanese to face dea? s readily1 ev5 embrac+ x ^u ! slighte/ pretext4 ,g5roku 0 ! acme ( ! age ( *ivalry4 ,its tales ( deadly duels & fi]ce v5dettas are ! delight ( ! nation4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,=ty-sev5 ,ron9 equals any m$ival tale ( blood?ir/y v5geance & feudal devotion4 ,?is ,japanese v5detta ( ! sev5te5? c5tury is /ill re-enact$ ^u ! /age1 & rema9s ! mo/ popul> drama ( ! day1 & ! actor design]s ( ,torii ev] delight$ 9 x z a subject = illu/ration4 ,a brief outl9e ( ! /ory may be ( int]e/ & s]ve to recall its *>m+ int]pretation by ,mit=d4 ,! cause ( ?is fam\s drama ( v5detta 0 ! av>ice ( ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 a c\rti] ( ! ,%ogun at ,y$o :o might h s]v$ z prototype = 8,pooh ,bah10 9 ,gilb]t's clev] burlesque4 ,?is pomp\s (ficial 0 detail$ to receive at 8 ca/le & in/ruct 9 c\rt etiquette two prov9cial noblem51 to :om _h be5 assign$ ! on]\s task ( ent]ta9+ ! ,mikado's envoy f ,kyoto4 ,9 return = ?is tutelage !y duly s5t _m gifts to ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 b n co/ly en\gh to gratify ! rapacity ( ! ,gilb]tian m9i/]1 :o day by day became m insuff]ably arrogant1 n hav+ be5 8suffici5tly insult$40 ,!n a c\nsellor ( "o ( ^! great lords1 be+ wise 9 8 g5]ation1 & fe>+ = 8 ma/]'s safety1 rode at midnight to ! ca/le ( ! gre$y (ficial1 leav+ a pres5t or bribe ( a ?\s& pieces ( silv]4 ,?is g5]\s donation _h ! desir$ effect4 8,y h come e>ly to c\rt1 my "l10 0 ! suave welcome ! unconsci\s nobleman receiv$ ! next morn+4 8,i %all h ! hon\r ( call+ y\r att5tion to sev]al po9ts ( etiquette today40 ,! next mom5t ! c\nt5ance ( ,kotsuki-no-,suke cl\d$1 &1 turn+ haughtily t[>d 8 o!r pupil f :om no l>gesse _h be5 receiv$1 he cri$1 8,"h1 my "l ( ,takumi1 be s good z to tie = me ! ribbon ( my sock10 add+ "u 8 brea?1 8boor ( ! prov9ces40 8,/op1 my "l60 cri$ ,takumi-no-,kami1 &1 draw+ 8 dirk1 he flung x at ! insol5t nobleman's head4 ,!n a great tumult arose4 ,8 c\rt cap _h sav$ f dea? ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 & he fl$ f ! spot1 :il/ ,takumi-no-,kami 0 arre/$1 & to div]t ! disgrace ( be+ behead$1 ha/ily p]=m$ h>i-kiri2 8 goods & ca/le 7 confiscat$ & 8 reta9]s became ,ron9 7lit]ally 8,wave ,m5071 ca/ adrift to foll[ _! =tunes1 rov+ at w4 ,! v5detta1 sworn to & c>ri$ out by ^! =ty-sev5 fai?ful s]vants1 is ! sequel ( ! /ory4 ,oi%i ,kuranosuki1 ! *ief ( ! ,ron91 plann$ ! s*eme ( rev5ge4 ,to put ,kotsuki-no-,suke (f 8 gu>d1 ! b& disp]s$1 _m ( !m "u ! disguise ( workm5 tak+ s]vice 9 ! ya%iki ( _! enemy 9 ord] to become famili> ) ! int]ior ( ! =tification4 ,mean:ile ,kuranosuki1 to fur!r mislead 8 enemies1 plung$ into a life ( wild dissipation1 until ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 he>+ ( 8 excesses1 relax$ 8 own vigilance1 only keep+ half ! gu>d he _h at fir/ appo9t$4 ,! wife & fri5ds ( ,kuranosuki 7 greatly griev$ at 8 loose conduct1 = he took nobody into 8 confid5ce4 ,ev5 a man f ,satsuma1 see+ him ly+ drunk 9 ! op5 /reet1 d>$ to kick 8 body1 mutt]+1 8,fai?less bea/1 ?\ give/ ?yself up to wom5 & w9e1 ?\ art unwor?y ( ! "n ( a ,samurai40 ,b ,kuranosuki endur$ ! contumely1 bid+ 8 "t1 & at la/1 9 ! w9t] ( ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 ! gr\nd 0 :ite ) sn[1 ! c>efully plann$ assault 0 successfully attempt$4 ,! ca/le ( ,kotsuki-no-,suke 0 tak51 b :at 0 ! con/]nation ( ! brave ,ron91 :51 aft] a prolong$ se>*1 !y fail$ to discov] _! victim6 ,9 despair1 !y 7 ab\t to despat* !mselves1 9 accordance ) _! sev]e code ( hon\r1 :5 ,kuranosuki1 pu%+ aside a hang+ picture1 discov]$ a secret c\rty>d4 ,!re1 hidd5 beh9d "s sacks ( *>coal1 !y f\nd _! enemy1 & dragg$ him out1 trembl+ ) cold & t]ror1 clad 9 8 co/ly nightrobe ( embroid]$ :ite sat94 ,!n humbly kneel+1 ,oi%i ,kuranosuki ?us address$ him3 8,my "l1 we besee* y to p]=m ,seppuku 7happy despat*74 ,i %all h ! hon\r to act z y\r lord%ip's second1 & :51 ) all humility1 ,i %all h receiv$ y\r lord%ip's head1 x is my int5tion to lay x z an (f]+ ^u ! grave ( our ma/]1 ,asano-,takumi-no-,kami40 ,un=tunately1 ! c>efully plann$ programme ( ! ,ron9 fail$ to recomm5d itself to ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 & he decl9$ _! polite invitation to disemb[el himself1 :]eupon ,kuranosuki at "o /roke cut (f ! crav5 head1 ) ! blade us$ by 8 ma/] 9 tak+ 8 own life4 ,s 9 solemn procession ! ,=ty-sev5 ,ron91 be>+ _! enemy's head1 approa*$ ! ,temple ( ,s5gakuji1 :]e !y 7 met by ! abbot ( ! mona/]y1 :o l$ !m to _! ma/]'s tomb4 ,!re1 aft] wa%+ 9 wat]1 !y laid x1 ?us accompli%+ ! v5detta2 !n pray+ = dec5t burial & = masses1 !y took _! own lives4 ,?us end$ ! tragic /ory1 & visitors to ! temple are /ill %[n ! receipt giv5 by ! reta9]s ( ! son ( ,kotsuki-no-,suke = ! head ( _! "l's fa!r1 return$ to !m by ! prie/ ( ,s5gakuji4 ,surely x is "o ( ! weirde/ relics to take 9 "o's h&1 ?is memor&um1 ! simple word+ ( :i* b adds to its horror3 ,item--,"o head4 ,item--,"o pap] p>cel1 & !n ! signatures ( ! two reta9]s b5ea?4 ,ano!r manuscript is also %[n1 9 :i* ! ,ron9 address$ _! dep>t$ "l1 lay+ x ^u 8 tomb4 ,x is translat$ ?us by ,mit=d3 8,! fifte5? ye> ( ,g5roku1 ! twelf? mon?1 & fifte5? day4 ,we h come ?is day to d homage "h1 =ty-sev5 m5 9 all1 f ,oi%i ,kuranosuki1 d[n to ! foot soldi]1 ,t]asaka ,ki*iyemon1 all *e]fully ab\t to lay d[n our lives on y\r behalf4 ,we rev]5tly ann\nce ?is to ! hon\r$ _s ( our dead ma/]4 ,on ! f\rte5? day ( ! ?ird mon? ( la/ ye> our hon\r$ ma/] 0 pleas$ to attack ,kira-,kotsuki-no-,suke1 = :at reason we "k n4 ,our hon\r$ ma/] put an end to 8 own life1 b ,kotsuki-no-,suke liv$4 ,al?\gh we fe> t aft] ! decree issu$ by ! ,gov]nm5t1 ?is plot ( ours w be displeas+ to our ma/]1 /ill we :o h eat5 ( y\r food c\ld n )\t blu%+ repeat ! v]se1 #8,?\ %alt n live "u ! same heav5 nor tread ! same e>? ) ! enemy ( ?y fa!r or "l1' nor c\ld we h d>$ to leave hell & pres5t ourselves be=e y 9 p>adise1 unless we _h c>ri$ out ! v5geance :i* y began4 ,e day t we wait$ seem$ z ?ree autumns to u4 ,v]ily we h trodd5 ! sn[ = "o day1 nay = two days1 & h ta/$ food b once4 ,! old & decrepit1 ! sick & ail+1 h come =? gladly to lay d[n _! lives4 ,hav+ tak5 c\nsel toge!r la/ night1 we h escort$ my "l1 ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 hi!r to y\r tomb4 ,?is dirk by :i* our hon\r$ "l set great /ore la/ ye>1 & entru/$ to our c>e1 we n[ br+ back4 ,if y\r noble _s be n[ pres5t be=e ?is tomb1 we pray y z a sign to take ! dirk1 & /rik+ ! head ( y\r enemy ) x a second "t to dispel y\r hatr$ =ev]4 ,?is is ! respectful /atem5t ( =ty-sev5 m540 ,!re 7 =ty-sev5 ,ron94 ,:y1 !n1 d =ty-eight tomb-/ones /& b5ea? ! c$>s at ,s5gakuji8 ,truly ! answ] has caus$ te>s to fall f ! eyes ( _m a visit+ pilgrim1 = ! =ty-eigh? tomb holds ! body ( ! ,satsuma man1 :o 9 an agony ( grief & remorse end$ 8 life1 & 0 buri$ beside ! h]o1 ^: body he _h scornfully trampl$ ^u 9 ! /reets ( sacr$ ,kyoto4 ,?is hi/ory ( ! ,=ty-sev5 ,ron9 is an epitome ( ,japanese e?ics1 = 9 x is exemplifi$ _! feudal devotion1 _! sev]e code ( hon\r1 _! di/ort$ vision ( duty & fealty to a sup]ior1 ju/ify+ ! mo/ lawless acts4 ,?us ! conduct ( ,kuranosuki dur+ 8 wild ye> ( reckless ab&onm5t1 9 :i* he ?rew (f all moral re/ra9t 9 ord] to deceive 8 enemy1 break+ ! he>t ( 8 fai?ful & devot$ wife1 0 consid]$ by 8 c\ntrym5 m]itori\s & a pro( ( 8 devotion4 ,! ,ukiyo-ye arti/s1 :o lov$ to take = models ! beautiful d5iz5s ( ! 8,"u ,_w10 *ose ?is obsession ( ,kuranosuki z ! subject = _m ( _! illu/rations1 s t at a fir/ glance ! s]ies might almo/ be mi/ak5 = sc5es f ! life ( ! ,yo%iw>a4 ,"h & !re1 h[ev]1 we come across ! ,ron9 engag$ 9 t]rific conflict ) ,kotsuki-no-,suke's reta9]s4 ,cruel & blood?ir/y are ! blades ( _! rel5tless katanas1 :i* once un%ea!d mu/ be slak$ 9 human blood1 & _! g>m5ts1 sla%$ into /iletto-l po9ts ( inky blackness1 =m+ a *evaux de frise r\nd _! fi]ce faces1 seem sc9tillant ) ! _s ( v5detta4 ,9 exam9+ ! sets ( impressions1 illu/rat+ ! popul> /ory1 x is h>d to give pref]5ce to any special arti/3 to *oose betwe5 ! ,utam>o-l violets & gre5s ( ,yeis52 ! ri* d>k t9ts & f9e backgr\nds ( ,kunisada2 ! delicately mass$ detail ( ,toyokuni1 unlike ! usual boldness ( 8 /yle1 & ! v>i$ sword-play ( ! v]satile ,hiro%ige1 set 9 a fro/$1 sn[y l&scape4 ,hokusai1 :o abjur$ !atrical subjects aft] break+ away f ! tutelage ( ,%un%o1 publi%$ a s]ies ( pr9ts illu/rat+ ! fam\s v5detta1 b z 8 great-gr&fa!r _h be5 a reta9] ( ,kotsuki-no-,suke1 los+ 8 life dur+ ! midnight attack1 ! /ory =m$ "p ( 8 ance/ral hi/ory4 ,! s]ies is sign$ ,kako1 & ! sweep+ l9es & cont\rs ( ! female figures %[ ! ,kiyonaga influ5ce4 ,yell[ prepond]ates1 outl9+ ! build+s & long int]ior vi/as1 & ! impressions are fram$ ) a s+ul> conv5tion ( ,hokusai at t p]iod1 drift+ cl\d effects 9 delicate p9k4 ,utam>o also illu/rat$ ! /ory1 sub/itut+ = ! ,ron9 ! =ms ( wom51 a fav\rite conceit ( ! arti/ ( beauty4 ,?is digression 9 fav\r ( ! ma/]s ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool has c>ri$ u ov] a hundr$ ye>s1 & we mu/ return to ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,moronobu illu/rat$ ! c>nival ( ,g5roku1 b t[>d ! end ( ! c5tury1 "u ! dom9ation ( a ,%ogun :o comb9$ ! qualities ( extravagance & pr(ligacy ) ! deliri\s sup]/ition ( a ,l\is ! ,elev5?1 a p]iod ( unbridl$ lic5se set 94 ,! milit>y m51 :o 7 ! nation's models1 =got _! f9e traditions & fell f _! e/ate1 s t ! latt] mann]s & cu/oms ( ,g5roku became a by-^w4 ,!n foll[$ a puritanical reaction4 ,"u ! eigh? ,%ogun1 ! knights 7 re/rict$ f att5d+ ! !atre1 j com+ into fav\r1 & ! loos] haunts ( pleasure 7 /rictly "u ban4 ,! ,ukiyo-ye pr9t1 be+ ! m$ium = illu/rat+ ^! joys & pleasures1 =bidd5 to ! great1 b /ill indulg$ 9 by ! p1 0 /rictly condemn$1 & to ?is day ! ari/ocracy ( ,japan accord b grudg+ & unwill+ recognition to ! m]its ( ! ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 ! old ca/e prejudice /ill bl9d+ _! arti/ic s5se4 ,at ?is /age ,ukiyo-ye broke into rival s*ools1 ! f\nd]s ( bo? belong+ to ! academy ( ,hi%igawa ,moronobu4 ,! lead] ( ! fir/1 ! s*ool ( pa9t+1 0 ,miyagawa ,*o%un1 :o 9 ord] to pres]ve ari/ocratic patronage & praise1 es*ew$ ! use ( ! pr9t+-block1 /ill tak+ 8 subjects f ! 8float+ _w10 & s be+ 9 "o s5se at unity ) ! o!r bran*1 t ( pr9t+ f\nd$ by ,kiyonobu1 ! fir/ ma/] ( ! great ,torii ,s*ool4 ,z ! ,pr9t arti/s are our subject matt] we _c foll[ ! o!r bran* ( ,ukiyo-ye1 f\nd$ by ,miyagawa ,*o%un1 b leav+ ! ateli] ( ! pa9t]s1 we mu/ devote ourselves to ! =tunes ( ! ,torii ,s*ool1 ! laboratory ( ! ,ukiyo-ye pr9t1 work+ p>allel ) ! pictorial s*ool = ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ %eets ( ,kiyonobu 7ab\t #agaj71 ! f\nd] ( ! ,torii ,s*ool1 7 pr9t$ 9 ink f a s+le block4 ,"p ( ! edition w\ld be issu$ 9 ?is uncol\r$ =m1 ! re/ be+ col\r$ by h&4 ,! col\rs mo/ us$ 7 olive & orange1 ^! pr9ts be+ call$ ,tan-ye1 :il/ ^? 9 ink 7 nam$ ,sumi-ye4 ,uri%i-ye 7lacqu] pictures71 0 ! g5]ic t]m = h&-pa9t$ pr9ts4 ,b5i-ye 7lit]ally r$ pictures71 foll[$ ! ,uri%i-ye4 ,!y 7 pr9t$ 9 two tones1 rose & pale gre51 en=c$ by black1 a h>mony exquisite 9 delicacy4 ,! use ( ! multiple col\r blocks gave rise to ! title ,ni%iki-ye1 or brocade pa9t+s4 ,! national mania = ! /age induc$ ,kiyonobu & 8 foll[]s to take = _! subjects popul> actors1 & ! !atrical po/] may be said to date f ! decade foll[+ ,g5roku4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury ! process ( col\r-pr9t+ by ! sub/itution ( blocks = flat col\rs 0 gradually evolv$1 & to no special arti/ or engrav] c ! cr$it be giv51 = all contribut$ to its developm5t1 ?\gh ! g5ius ( ,suzuki ,h>unobu drew to a focus 9 #agfe ! a*ievem5ts ( 8 bro!r arti/s1 & x 0 he :o solv$ ! problem ( unit+ ! skill ( ! engrav] ) ! full palette ( ,miyagawa ,*o%un & 8 foll[] ,%unsui1 ?us unit+ ! two bran*es ( ,ukiyo-ye art4 ,! ,popul> ,s*ool1 h[ev]1 is b\nd up ) pr9t developm5t4 ,japanese book illu/ration & s+le-%eet pr9t+ revolutioniz$ ! _w's art4 ,! great connoisseurs ( col\r tell u t n[h]e else is any?+ l x1 s ri* & s full1 t a pr9t comes to h e quality ( a complete pa9t+4 ,! o!r lead]s ( ! ,torii ,s*ool 7 ,torii ,kiyomasu & ,okumura ,masanobu1 namesake ( ! great f\nd] ( ,kano1 :o mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! lat] arti/ ( ! same "n1 belong+ to ! s*ool ( ,kitao4 ,masanobu des]ves special m5tion1 = 8 /yle be+ *iefly pictorial1 & 8 subjects n conf9$ to ! /age1 he =m$ a l9k betwe5 ! pa9t]'s ateli] & 8 own4 ,illu/ration3 ,an illu/ration f 8,! ,occupations ( ,wom540 ,by ,suzuki ,h>unobu1 :o1 ?\gh a work] 9 pr9ts1 /yl$ himself 8,yamato ,ye%i10 ! title assign$ to ! great c\rt pa9t]s4 ,he realiz$ t book pr9ts r ?an actor pr9ts ought to be ! mo/ pot5t =ce ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,%ig5aga foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,masanobu1 b 8 fame is eclips$ by t ( 8 great pupil ,h>unobu1 ^: g5ius 0 display$ n only by ! introduction ( new col\rs ^u ! pr9t+-block1 b by 8 s*emes ( arrangem5t1 juxtaposition ( %ades1 & m>vell\s h&l+ ( ! areas betwe5 ! pr9t$ outl9es4 ,?is re/riction ( measur$ spaces does n cramp ! pa9t]'s individuality & sweep ( bru%2 r1 !y set him free to conc5trate 8 g5ius ^u bl5d$ h>monies1 & int]wov5 s*emes ( col\r1 & to surr5d] himself to ! intoxication ( ! palette4 ,suzuki ,h>unobu revolutioniz$ ! /atus ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool1 pron\nc+ ?is dictum1 8,?\gh ,i am a work] 9 pr9ts ,i %all h]eaft] /yle myself #8,yamato ,yei%i1'0 ! title assum$ by ! anci5t c\rt pa9t]s4 ,a national pa9t] he decl>$ himself1 let him d5y :o d>e1 work+ ?r\gh ! new m$ium ( ! despis$ & o/raciz$ ,ukiyo-ye pr9t f :i* he det]m9$ to remove ! /igma ( vulg>ity4 ,n[ we see a /range transposition 9 ! aims ( ! popul> arti/s4 ,h>unobu1 ?\gh a pupil ( ,%ig5aga1 ! pr9t]1 took = 8 models ! subjects ( ! pa9t] ,%unsui1 successor to ,miyagawa ,*o%un1 & by reject+ /age motives disc>d$ ! ,torii tradition4 ,f ,%unsui1 ,h>unobu borr[$ ! ineffable grace & ref9em5t :i* brea! f ! =ms ( 8 wom51 f ! pa9t] he /ole col\r h>monies & designs ) l&scape backgr\nds1 :i* ! ,torii ,s*ool _h hi!rto ignor$4 ,! introduction ( g5re pa9t+1 ?\gh attribut$ by ,walt] ,pat] to ,giorgione1 applies equally to ! "w ( ,h>unobu & 8 foll[] ,koriusai4 8,he is ! inv5tor ( g5re1 ( ^? easily movable pictures :i* s]ve nei!r = uses ( devotion nor ( allegorical or hi/orical tea*+3 little gr\ps ( real m5 & wom51 amid congru\s furniture or l&scape1 morsels ( actual life1 conv]sation or music or play1 ref9$ ^u & idealiz$ till !y come to seem l glimpses ( life f af>4 ,p may move ^? spaces ( cunn+ly bl5t col\r readily & take !m ) !m :]e !y g1 l a poem 9 manuscript1 or a musical in/rum5t1 to be us$ at w z a means ( self-education1 /imulus or solace1 com+ l an animat$ pres5ce into "o's cab9et1 & l p]sons live ) u = a day or a lifetime40 ,mu/ n su* an influ5ce h desc5d$ ^u ,:i/l] :51 saturat$ ) ! atmosph]e ( ,hiro%ige1 he imag9$ t mo/ beautiful ( 8 8,nocturnes0 describ$ by ,!odore ,*ild z 8a vision 9 =m & col\r1 9 lum9\s air1 a ,japanese fancy realiz$ on ! banks ( ! gray ,?ames08 ,! ,s*ool ( ,torii4 ,! ,pr9t]s' ,bran* ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,! ,torii ,s*ool 0 pre-em95tly ! expon5t ( ! drama4 ,x 0 b\nd up ) /age developm5t & m9i/]$ to ! emotional temp]am5t ( ! nation2 lead+ 9 :at may be consid]$ a national obsession1 a mania = actors & actor-pr9ts4 ,a fasc9at+ subject is ?is c5tury ( dramatic evolution fo/]$ by ! pr9t]s' bran* ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool4 ,! actor _h be5 consign$1 9 d>k feudal days1 to ! l[e/ rung 9 ! ladd] ( ca/e1 rank+ next to ! outca/ 7,eta71 z 9 e>ly ,engli% days ! /roll+ play] 0 associat$ ) t9k]s & ! o!r vagrant population4 ,! ,no ,kagura & lyric drama1--sugge/+ ! m$ival & passion plays ( ,europe1--prefigur$ ! mod]n drama 9 ,japan1 b ! imm$iate precursor ( ! pres5t !atre 0 ! ,puppet ,%[1 a ,japanese apo!osis ( our ,m>ionette p]=mances4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,toyokuni1 :o ,m4 ,l\is ,gonse decl>$ has c>ri$ fur!r ?an any "o ! p[] ( mimetic art1 & ) ^: !atrical sc5es we are mo/ famili>1 began 8 c>e] z a mak] ( dolls1 & ^! puppets 7 eag]ly s\ght = z works ( art4 ,if ! aphorism 8n to g to ! !atre is l mak+ "o's toilet )\t a mirror10 be true1 !n ! ,japanese are ju/ifi$ 9 _! national /age passion1 :i* ov]%ad[s ! love ( any o!r amusem5t4 ,tak+ ! phrase lit]ally1 x 0 to ! p]sons ( ! actors1 & ! pr9t]s :o spread _! pictures broadca/1 t ! p ow$ ! /hetic wond]s ( _! co/ume4 ,! design]s 7 also arti/s1 z in/anc$ by ,hi%igawa ,moronobu1 ! ,kyoto design] & ,y$o embroid]]1 ! pr9t] & pa9t]1 illu/rator ( books & orig9ator ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,en?usiasm = ! portraits ( actors1 fo/]$ by ! ,torii pr9t]s f ! f\ndation ( ! s*ool by ,kiyonobu1 ab\t #agaj1 ha/5$ no d\bt ! developm5t ( col\r-pr9t+4 ,z e>ly z ,g5roku1 ! portrait ( ,danjuro1 ! second ( ! great dyna/y ( actors1 :o by _! g5ius help$ to bright5 ! =tunes ( ! playh\se1 0 sold = five ca%1 9 ! /reets ( ! capital4 ,! comb9$ g5ius ( ! arti/s1 engrav]s & pr9t]s ( ,ukiyo-ye evolv$ & p]fect$ ! use ( ! multiple col\r-block4 ,t[>d ! middle ( ! c5tury1 "u ! wan+ p[]s ( ,torii ,kiyomitsu1 successor to ,kiyonobu1 ! s*ool seem$ s9k+ into oblivion1 = ,h>unobu1 its rightful expon5t1 fill$ ) visions ( e!real ref9em5t1 scorn$ ! !atrical ar5a4 ,:5 mo/ ne$$1 h[ev]1 a prophet arose 9 ! p]son ( ,%un%o1 ! pa9t]1 ! pupil ( ,%unsui & ma/] ( ,hokusai1 ?us complet+ ! trans=mation begun by ,h>unobu4 ,! great scions ( ! rival bran*es ( ,ukiyo-ye1 pr9t+ & pa9t+1 /epp$ into ea* o!r's places & bridg$ ! *asm1 :i* ?reat5$ ! unity ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool4 ,bo? bran*es 7 unit$1 h[ev]1 9 ! use ( ! multiple col\r-blocks1 b al?\gh ,%un%o foll[$ ,h>unobu's exp]im5ts 9 col\r+1 v>y+ 8 actor designs ) dome/ic sc5es & book illu/rations1 ,h>unobu resolutely refus$ to portray ! life ( ! /age1 & 9 ?is det]m9ation he 0 foll[$ by 8 pupil & successor1 ,koriusai4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agfe1 ! art ( pr9t+ col\rs1 by ! use ( individual blocks1 te*nically call$ *romo-xylography1 0 p]fect$4 ,x is an int]e/+ reflection1 f ! /&po9t ( ,buddhism1--:i* tea*es t 9 ! fullness ( "t1 ! great ma/]s 9 religion1 art & le>n+ become re9c>nat$ ^u e>?1 = ! b5efit ( humanity1 t at ?is p]iod ,hokusai 0 born1 ! cr[n+ glory & ma/] ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,_h he appe>$ e>li] 9 ! c5tury1 8 g5ius might h be5 div]t$ to ! te*nical developm5t ( pr9t+1 & ! _w ?us be5 ! los] ( 8 creative flights4 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa beautifully def9es ! inception ( ! ,ukiyo-ye pr9t z 8! meet+ ( two wond]fully sympa!tic surfaces1--! un-s&pap]$ gra9 ( ! *]ry-wood block1 & a me% 9 ! pap]1 ( little pulsat+ vegetable t5tacles4 ,^u ! "o1 col\r c be laid almo/ dry1 & to ! o!r x may be transf]r$ by a delicacy ( p]sonal t\* t leaves only a trace ( t9t balanc+ lightly ^u ! tips ( ! fibres4 ,& f ! int]/ices ( ^! pr9t$ tips1 ! :ole lum9\s he>t ( ! pap] wells up f )91 dilut+ ! pigm5t ) a s(t gold5 sun%9e4 ,9 ! ,japanese pr9t we h flatness comb9$ ) vibration40 ,to ! connoisseur1 "o ( ! mo/ important consid]ations1 sc>cely second>y to t ( col\r+1 9 ! selection ( ,ukiyo-ye gems1 is ?is vibratory quality1 dep5d+ equally ^u ! texture ( ! pap] & ! magnetic pressure ( ! ma/] pr9t]'s f+]s4 ,?is *>act]i/ic seems to h vani%$ f ! mod]n pr9t1 & _c be imitat$1 ?\gh ! en?usiasm = f9e specim5s has flood$ ! m>ket ) spuri\s antiques1 deceptive to ! un9itiat$4 ,9 ! exquisite reproductions ( ! e>ly ,ukiyo-ye pr9ts & pa9t+s n[ be+ issu$1--?\gh a joy to ! /ud5t unable to acqua9t himself ) ! orig9als1--?is ineffable effect ( vibration is lo/1 probably ow+ to ! sub/itution ( a less sympa!tic m$ium ?an ! lum9\s vehicle ( ! e>ly impressions4 ,! actual process ( wood-cutt+ seems a simple art1 b a close /udy ( ! mak+ ( pr9ts w %[ ! consummate skill requir$ to produce !m4 ,! arti/'s design 0 transf]r$ by trac+ pap]1 !n pa/$ on to ! face ( ! wood block1 & ! :ite space holl[$ out ) a knife & small g\ges4 ,aft] ! block _h be5 ink$1 a %eet ( damp pap] 0 laid ^u x1 & ! back ( ! pap] 0 !n rubb$ ) a flat rubb] till ! impression 0 uni=mly transf]r$4 ,:]e m ?an "o block 0 employ$1 z 9 col\r-pr9t+1 ! subsequ5t impressions 7 regi/]$ by m>ks made at ! corn]s ( ! pap]4 ,! col\r+ matt] laid ^u ^! e>ly blocks 0 extract$ by my/]i\s processes f s\rces unkn[n to ! ,we/]n _w1 :i*1 alas6 by supply+ ! ,ea/]n m>ket ) *eap pigm5ts1 l$ to ! det]ioration ( art 9 ?is ess5tial p>ticul>4 ,f #agfe to #aghj ! s*ool ( ,ukiyo-ye 0 dom9at$ by f\r great arti/s & creators ( sep>ate /yles3 ,h>unobu1 succe$$ by ,koriusai1 tak+ = motive ! subjects ( ,%unsui2 ,%un%o ( ,katsukawa 7*ang$ by ,%unsui f its =m] title ( ,miyagawa71 ^u ^: %\ld]s _h fall5 ! mantle ( ! ,torii2 ,%igemasa1 work+ ^u ,%un%o's l9es1 b break+ into a rival academy1 ! ,kitao2 ,toyoh>u1 pupil ( old ,torii ,toyonobu1 f\nd] ( ! s*ool ( ,utagawa1 ^: mo/ illu/ri\s pupil 0 ,toyokuni1 ! doll-mak]1 & bro!r ( ,toyohiro1 ,hiro%ige's ma/]4 7,kunisada1 not$ = 8 backgr\nds1 succe$$ ,toyokuni1 & aft] ! dea? ( 8 ma/] sign$ himself ,toyokuni ! ,second47 ,%un%o is consid]$ "o ( ! greate/ arti/s ( ,japan1 bo? z an inv5tor & p[]ful col\ri/4 ,m4 ,l\is ,gonse says3 8,all ! collections ( col\r$ pr9ts :i* are today ! delight ( ! tea-h\ses2 all ! f9e compositions %[+ magnific5t l&scapes & sumptu\s int]iors2 all ^? figures ( actors ) h]oic ge/ures & impassive faces beh9d ! gr9n+ masks1 & ) co/umes /rik+ & sup]b1--came orig9ally f ! ateli] ( ,katsukawa ,%un%o1 :o _h = a "t ! monopoly ( !m40 ,:ile ! ,torii arti/s 7 beguil+ ! ,y$o populace ) !atrical portraiture1 & aid+ ! gr[+ t5d5cy t[>d cosmopolitanism by issu+ pr9t$ albums1 books ( travel & encyclop$ias1 art 0 also exp&+ at ! anci5t capital1 ,kyoto4 ,suk5obu1 ! prolific arti/1 0 br++ out beautifully illu/rat$ books1 & ,okio1 f sket*+ on ! e>? ) bamboo /icks1 :ile foll[+ 8 fa!r & "m to _! "w 9 ! fields1 _h ris5 to be ! great f\nd] ( ! ,m>uyama s*ool ( pa9t+1 & ! ,%ijo or naturali/ic s*ool 0 nam$ f ! /reet 9 :i* 0 ! /udio ( ! ma/]4 ,! ,popul> ,s*ool1 aid$ by ,okio1 effect$ a revolution 9 ! laws ( pa9t+ at ,kyoto1 = ! ,torii arti/s =sook _! academic me?ods1 pa9t+ birds1 fl[]s1 grass1 quadrup$s1 insects & fi%es f nature4 ,okio's "n ranks high among ! great ma/]s ( ,japanese art1 ( :om s _m fanciful leg5ds are told4 ,! *>m+ arti/ ) bru% & p51 ,john ,la ,f>ge1 says3 8,z ! fruit pa9t$ by ! ,greek deceiv$ ! birds1 & ! curta9 pa9t$ by ! ,greek pa9t] deceiv$ 8 fell[-arti/1 s ! horses ( ,kanaoka h escap$ f _! kakemonos1 & ! tig]s sculptur$ 9 ! lattices ( temples h be5 kn[n to desc5d at night & r5d "o ano!r 9 ! c\rty>ds40 ,!n ! /ory is told ( a moonlight picture1 :i*1 :5 unroll$1 fill$ a d>k room ) light4 ,a pretty leg5d ( ,tanyu1 ! great ,kano arti/1 & ! crabs at ,enryaku ,temple1 is giv5 by ,ada*i ,k9notsuke4 ,^u "o panel ( ! fusuma1 or pap] scre51 is se5 a crab1 m>vell\sly reali/ic1 only ) claws invisible4 ,on ! o!r panels ! arti/ _h pa9t$ its companions1 & at ! bidd+ ( 8 patron furni%$ !m ) claws4 8,nev]!less10 ! ma/] decl>$1 8,i w>n y t if ,i give ^! crabs claws !y w surely crawl out ( ! picture40 ,z ! visitor glances f ! wond]ful c\nt]feit crab to ! f\r empty panels beside x1 he kn[s ! old ma/] _h only spok5 ! tru?4 ,illu/ration3 ,"u ! ,*]ry ,blooms4 ,by ,kiyonaga1 ! reg5]ator ( ,torii1 ^: classic figures recall1 9 _! dignity & simplicity1 ! me?ods ( ! e>ly ,italian ma/]4 ,& s ) ,okio4 ,he brea!d into 8 pictures ! brea? ( life4 ,8 animals live1 & 8 flights ( /orks swoop across ! great kakemonos1 ea* bird ) an individuality ( its own1 ?\gh "o ( a multitude ( fly+ companions4 ,to view ,okio aright1 we %\ld see him at home 9 8 own environm5t1 n 9 ,europe1 :]e s _m copies ( 8 ma/]pieces ab\nd4 ,john ,la ,f>ge gives u a glimpse ( an ,okio1 fitly set1 fram$ 9 ori5tal magnific5ce1 9 ! ,temple ( ,iyemitsu at ,nikko3 8,all )9 0 quiet1 9 a gold5 spl5d\r4 ,?r\gh ! small op5+s ( ! black & gold grat+s a fa9t light f bel[ left all ! gold5 int]ior 9 a summ] %ade1 )9 :i* glitt]$ on gold5 tables ! gold5 ut5sils ( ! ,buddhi/ c]emonial4 ,! n>r[ passage makes ! c5t]1 ?r\gh ^: return+ walls project1 9 a curi\s ref9em5t ( inv5tion1 ! gold5 eaves ( ! inn] build+ beyond4 ,grat+s1 :i* 7 c>v$1 & gild$ trellises ( exquisite design1 gave a cool1 unc]ta9 light4 ,an exquisite feel+ ( g5tle solemnity fill$ ! place4 ,9 ! corridor fac+ ! m\nta9 & ! tomb1 a picture hangs on ! wall4 ,x is by ,okio4 ,kuwannon1 ! ,compassionate1 sits 9 contemplation beside ! desc5d+ /ream ( life40 ,ab\t #agge arose a legitimate successor to ! s*ool ( ,torii 9 ! adopt$ son ( ,kiyomitsu1 ,kiyonaga4 ,he disc>d$ ! !atrical tradition ( 8 s*ool1 b ! boldness ( 8 draw+ 0 =eign to ! /yle ( ,h>unobu4 8,8 bru% _h a sup]human p[] & sw+40 ,he rivall$ ! ?ree great ma/]s1 ,koriusai1 ,%igemasa1 f\nd] ( ,kitao1 & ,toyoh>u ( ,utagawa1 & ! ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 =sak+ _! individual pr$ilections1 flock$ to 8 /udio4 ,! simplicity & dignity ( ! e>ly ,italian ma/]s1 s\ght aft] & ador$ by ! pre-,raphaelite bro!rhood1 _! noble l9es & cont\rs1 are aga9 realiz$ 9 ! panels ( ,kiyonaga4 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa said t 8classic0 is ! in/9ctive t]m to apply to ,kiyonaga1 & t 8 figures at _! be/ may be plac$ side by side ) ,greek vase pa9t+4 ,ideally beautiful is ! fall ( 8 drap]y1 det]m9+ ! l9es ( ! figure 9 ! fewe/ possible folds4 ,9 indoor sc5es he almo/ rivall$ ,h>unobu1 b he lov$ be/ to pa9t 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 imag9ation we see ,kiyonaga1 ! lov] ( beauty1 gaz+ at ! weal? ( lotus blooms :i* fill ! moats ( feudal ,y$o1 & 9 ! crucible ( 8 fancy transmut+ !m into ! =ms ( wom54 ,! lotus1 ( all fl[]s1 has ! deepe/ art significance1 & is ! olde/ motive4 ,! au?or ( 8,greek ,l9es10 ,h5ry ,van ,brunt1 said3 8,! lotus p]petually occurs 9 ori5tal my?ology z ! sublime & hall[$ symbol ( ! productive p[] ( nature4 ,! ,h9du & ! ,egyptian in/9ctively elevat$ x to ! highe/ & mo/ *]i%$ place 9 _! ,pan!ons40 ,x is ! fl[] ( religion1 ( beauty1 & ( love4 ,f ! ocean ! ,h9du ,aphrodite1 ,la*smi1 asc5d$4 ,isis 9 ,egypt reign$1 cr[n$ by ! lotus1 & !re ! t5d]1 fl[+ l9es became sublime1 monum5tal1 fitt$ to symbolize dea? & et]nal repose4 ,9 ,japan its joy\s curves repres5t life1 immortality1 &1 delicately s5su\s1 !y conjure up visions ( ideal beauty4 ,! lotus1 sweetly bloom+ be=e ! arti/'s eye1 exp&$ into a vision ( fair wom51 ^: lissom =ms he clo!d ) swirls ( drap]y4 ,& ! wom5 ( ,japan1 enam\r$ ( ^! en*ant+ poses1 endeav\r$ to assume ! curves ( ,kiyonaga1 %ea?+ _! delicate limbs 9 silk5 drap]ies1 & simulat+ 9 _! en*ant+ sl5d]ness ! /ems ( fl[]s--or1 to borr[ a beautiful simile f ,lafcadio ,he>n1 8look+ l a beautiful silv] mo? rob$ 9 ! fold+ ( its own w+s40 ,x is said t e ,japanese actor-pr9t 0 a pot5tial po/]1 &1 alas6 ! fa%ion-plate is endeav\r+ to mold itself ^u ! mo/ exagg]at$ type ( ! deg5]ate (fspr+ ( ! g5ius ( ! ,torii ,s*ool4 ,! ,japanese woman1 ) h] untrammell$ =m array$ 9 drap]ies design$ by consummate arti/s1 may d>e to foll[ classic ,kiyonaga--y\? & grace may acquire ori5tal pla/icity4 ,b let fa%ion re/ !re4 ,pitiful & ludicr\sly futile is ! ef=t ( embonpo9t to atta9 s9uosity4 ,l9es ( beauty _c be manufactur$2 z well imag9e ! sl5d] /em ( ! lotus encircl$ 9 /eel1 its curves det]m9$ by a multiplicity ( wires & tapes4 ,al?\gh ! lead]s ( ,ukiyo-ye foll[$ s closely 9 ! foot/eps ( ,kiyonaga t 8 type ( face /amps ! ye>s f #aghj to #agij1 yet 8 /yle 0 too classic1 too noble to suit ! ta/e ( ! ,y$o populace1 :i*1 9 its ?ir/ = realism1 _h become deprav$4 ,r ?an l[] 8 /&>d he *ose to resign1 leav+ ! field to 8 foll[]s1 ,yei%i1 ,utam>o & ,toyokuni4 ,^! ma/]s1 at fir/ z dignifi$ 9 _! me?od z ,kiyonaga1 n[ yield$ to ! public craze = ! exagg]at$1 ! abnormal & grotesque4 ,x 0 an apo!osis ( ugl9ess & vulg>ity1 a 8,zolaism 9 pr9ts40 ,co>se pictures ( actors1 masqu]ad+ 9 female dress1 replac$ ! *>m+ little dome/ic wom5 ( ,h>unobu & ,koriusai1--! ladies ( ,japan1 z we see !m 9 reality1--& ! noble figures ( ,kiyonaga4 ,gigantic c\rtesans1 biz>re & fanta/ic1 ) deliri\s headge>1 took ! place ( ,%un%o's fair *ildr5 ( ! 8,und]world10 :o1 9 ! mode/y ( _! mi51 seem$ to belie ! call+ !y s (t5 deplor$1 z ! songs ( ! ,yo%iw>a te/ify1 pla9tively sung to ! syncopat$ rhy?m ( ! samis51 t9kl+ ?r\gh ! summ] nights4 ,! s*ool ( ,ukiyo-ye 0 s9k+ into obscurity1 :5 ,hiro%ige & ,hokusai appe>$1 two *ildr5 ( light1 disp]s+ ! gloom3 ,hiro%ige1 ! v]satile pa9t]1 lov] ( l&scape & e!real arti/ ( sn[ & mi/2 ,hokusai1 ! prophet1 & reg5]ator ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,he 0 ! artisan-arti/1 9 ! l& :i* recognizes no inf]ior arts1 & ! ,mang-wa1 consi/+ ( /udies z spontane\sly ?r[n (f z ^? 9 ! sket*-book ,giorgione c>ri$ 9 8 girdle1 0 publi%$ = ! use ( workm54 ,liv+ 9 simplicity & pov]ty he gave 8 life to ! p1 & ! impression ( 8 g5ius is /amp$ ^u _! "w4 ,a true h&icraftsman 0 ,hokusai1--! ,mang-wa a diction>y ( ! arts & crafts1 z well z ! inspir$ vehicle ( art4 ,9 x 8balance1 rhy?m & h>mony1 ! modes 9 :i* ,beauty is reveal$1 bo? 9 nature & art10 7 manife/$1--= he 0 a vital arti/1 lay+ b>e ! enigma ( evolution1 & ! my/]y ( creation4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,actor ,kikugoro4 ,by ,toyokuni ,i1 ! great ,actor-,design] & ,ma/] ( ,mimetic ,art4 ,utam>o4 ,le ,fondateur de ,l'cole de la ,vie4 ,! above title is quot$ f ! "w ( ,m4 ,edmond de ,gonc\rt1 8z "o hav+ au?ority10 !re be+ _m claimants to ! lead]%ip ( ,ukiyo-ye 7! float+ _w71 ! ,popul> ,s*ool ( ,japanese ,art4 ,9 ! life ( ,utam>o1 ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 9 exquisite language & ) analytical skill1 has int]pret$ = u ! mean+ ( t =m ( ,japanese art :i* f\nd its *ief expression 9 ! use ( ! wood5 block = col\r-pr9t+1 & to glance appreciatively at ! "w ( bo? arti/ & au?or is ! motive ( ?is sket*4 ,! ,ukiyo-ye pr9t1 despis$ by ! haughty ,japanese ari/ocracy1 became ! vehicle ( art = ! common p ( ,japan1 & ! names ( ! arti/s :o aid$ 9 its developm5t are famili>ly quot$ 9 e /udio1 :il/ ! classic pa9t]s ( 8,tosa0 & 8,kano0 are comp>atively r>ely m5tion$4 ,! cons5sus ( op9ion 9 ,japan dur+ ! lifetime ( ,utam>o agrees ) ! v]dict ( ,m4 de ,gonc\rt4 ,no arti/ 0 m popul>4 ,8 ateli] 0 besieg$ by editors giv+ ord]s1 & 9 ! c\ntry 8 works 7 eag]ly s\ght aft]1 :5 ^? ( 8 fam\s contempor>y1 ,toyokuni1 7 b little kn[n4 ,9 ! 8,b>que ( ,utam>o10 a fam\s surimono1 ! title ( :i* =ms a pretty play ^u words1 m>o be+ ! ,japanese = vessel1 ! seal ( supremacy is set ^u ! arti/4 ,"h he is repres5t$ z hold+ c\rt 9 a gaily decorat$ b>ge1 surr\nd$ by a bevy ( beauty pay+ homage to 8 g5ius4 ,he 0 ess5tially ! pa9t] ( wom51 & ?\gh ,m4 de ,gonc\rt sets =? 8 a/oni%+ v]satility1 he yet entitles 8 "w1 8,outam>o1 le ,pe9tre des ,maisons ,v]tes40 ,! beautiful inhabitants ( ^! celebrat$ h\ses ( ! ,yo%iw>a 7! fl[] qu>t]7 ( ,y$o _h ev] be5 s\ght z models by ! arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,b1 alas6 ! s5su\s poetic-arti/ic temp]am5t ( ,utam>o1 undiscipl9$ & uncontroll$1 l$ to 8 undo+4 ,! pleasure-lov+ arti/1 recogniz+ no cre$ b ! wor%ip ( beauty1 refus+ to be b\nd by any fett]s b ^? ( fancy1 fell at la/ into ! l[e/ dep?s ( degradation1 physical & moral4 ,& ?is debasem5t ( _! lead]1 ta9t+ 8 art1 0 reflect$ 9 ! "w ( 8 bro!r arti/s & ha/5$ ! decad5ce ( ! ,popul> ,s*ool4 ,to und]/& ! influ5ces :i* sapp$ ! self-control ( ! gay & beauty-lov+ ,utam>o1 we h only to glance at ! text by ,jip5%a ,ikk\ ( 8,! ,annu>y ( ! ,gre5 ,h\ses10 two volumes ( pr9ts 9 col\r1 s m>vell\sly beautiful t !y caus$ ! arti/ to be recogniz$ z1 9 a s5se1 ! (ficial pa9t] ( ! ,yo%iw>a4 ,! writ] ?us sums up ! fatal fasc9ation ( ! inmates1 ! c\rtesans ( highe/ rank1 :o alone 7 depict$ by ,utam>o4 8,! daught]s ( ! ,yo%iw>a are br\ght up l pr9cesses4 ,f infancy !y are giv5 ! mo/ f9i%$ education0 7f ! ,japanese /&po9t1 be x obs]v$74 8,!y are taught read+1 writ+1 art1 music1 le ?1 le p>fum0 79 ! game ( sc5ts1 ! art is to guess by inhal+ ! od\r ( burn+ p]fumes ! secret ( _! composition74 8,_! ent\rage is t ( pr9cesses1 br\ght up 9 ! seclusion ( ! palace4 ,com+ f all p>ts ( ! #8,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun1' !y mu/ disc>d _! individual patois & le>n to speak ! ar*aic tongue1 slightly modifi$1 ! poetical1 ! noble language ( ! c\rt f ! sev5te5? to ! n9ete5? c5tury40 ,9 ! home ( ! celebrat$ ,tsutaya ,juzabro1 :o edit$ ! mo/ beautiful books ( ! "t1 9 8 e>ly impressionable y\? liv$ ,utam>o1 )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ! great gate lead+ to ! ,yo%iw>a4 ,by day he devot$ himself to 8 art1 by night he surr5d]$ himself to ! fatal en*antm5t ( t brilliant 8,und]world10 until1 l ,m]l91 ensn>$ by ,vivian1 ) ! *>m ( 8wov5 paces & wav+ h&s10 8 art sapp$ by excesses1 he became 8lo/ to life1 & use1 & "n1 & fame40 ,let u1 =gett+ ?is sad sequel1 glance at ! works :i* te/ify to ! life ( high arti/ic endeav\r l$ by ,utam>o 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 c>e]4 ,9 ! preface to ! 8,yehon ,m\%i ,y]abi0 7,*os5 ,insects71 ! ma/] ( ,utam>o1 ,toriyama ,sekiy51 ?r[s s *>m+ a sidelight ^u ! y\? ( ! arti/1 t ! temptation to quote is irresi/ible4 ,! value ( ^! ,japanese prefaces to ! _w1 to work]s 9 e field1 is incalculable4 ,at ! outset ( 8 "w1 ,m4 de ,gonc\rt alludes to ! well-kn[n preface ( ,hokusai 9 ! 8,fugaku ,hiak'kei10 & d\btless =tifi$ himself by ! /imulat+ example ( ! old ma/]1 :5 und]tak+ at ! age ( sev5ty ! great task ( pres5t+ to ! ,we/]n _w1 "u ! title ( 8,l',art ,japonais10 a hi/ory ( five not$ pa9t]s1 besides t ( o!r arti/s 9 bronze & lacqu]1 pott]y & iron--arti/s 9 a l& :]e ! t]ms arti/ & artisan are int]*angeable1 ! only c\ntry :]e art indu/rial almo/ always t\*es gr& art4 ,! translator ( ! preface ( ,sekiy5 is gratefully ref]r$ to by ,m4 de ,gonc\rt z 8l'intellig5t1 le savant1 l'aimable ,m4 ,hya%i40 ,x may be consid]$ a revolution>y manife/o ( ! ,pr(ane ,s*ool1 ! s*ool ( real life1 9 opposition to ! hi]>*ical ,buddhi/ academies ( ,kano & ,tosa1 :i* _h become /ultifi$ by tradition & /ifl$ by conv5tional obs]vances4 8,prface crite p> ,toriyama ,sekiy51 le matre d',outam>o1 clbrant le naturisme 7sorti du cur7 de son petit1 de son *] lve ,outa40 8,reproduire la vie p> le cur1 et en dess9] la /ructure au p9ceau1 e/ la loi de la pe9ture4 ,l'tude que vi5t de publi] ma9t5ant1 mon lve ,outam>o1 reproduit la vie mme du monde des insectes4 ,c'e/ la vraie pe9ture du cur4 ,et qu& je me s\vi5s d'autrefois1 je me rappelle que ds l'enfance1 le petit ,outa1 obs]vait le plus inf9i dtail des *oses4 ,a9si l'automne1 qu& il tait dans le j>d91 il se mettait en *asse des insectes1 et que ce soit un criquet o une saut]elle1 avait-il fait une prise1 il g>dait la be/iole dans sa ma9 et s'amusait l'tudi]4 ,et combi5 de fois je l'ai grond dans l'apprh5sion qu'il ne pr5ne l'habitude1 de donn] la mort des tres vivants4 ,ma9t5ant qu'il a acquis son gr& tal5t du p9ceau1 il fait de ces tudes d'insectes1 la gloire de sa pr(ession40 ,! en?usia/ic ma/] ( le petit ,outa proce$s to rhapsodize ^u 8 pupil's g5ius & intimate k ( ! /ructure ( insects4 8,he makes u he>10 he says1 8! %rill+ ( ! tamam\%i10 ! cicada ( ,japan1 ^: endless peevi% twang+ ^u "o /r+ =ms an und]ly+ accompanim5t to ! h>monies ( long summ] days4 8,he borr[s ! light weapons ( ! gras%opp] = mak+ w>2 he exhibits ! dext]ity ( ! e>?worm1 bor+ ! soil "u ! f\ndations ( old build+s2 he p5etrates ! my/]ies ( nature 9 ! grop+ ( ! l>v1 9 ! light+ ( 8 pa? by ! gl[-worm1 & he ends by dis5tangl+ ! end ( ! ?read ( ! spid]'s web40 ,! col\r-pr9t+ ( ^! insects is a miracle ( art1 says ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 & !re is no?+ comp>able to x 9 ,europe4 ,( ! me?ods by :i* ^! col\r pr9ts are br\ght to su* a height ( p]fection1 x is almo/ impossible to speak au?oritatively4 ,!y are ! result ( a ?reefold comb9ation3 ( a pap] m>vell\sly prep>$ f ! b>k ( ! %rub1 ,kozo1 dilut$ ) ! milk ( rice fl\r & a gummy decoction extract$ f ! roots ( ! hydrangea & hibiscus2 ( dyes1 into ! secret ( ^: al*emy no mod]n arti/ c p5etrate1 x be+ safe to say ! e>ly 8,tan-ye0 & 8,b5i-ye0 pr9ts c nev] be reproduc$2 ( ! application ( ^? col\rs by ! ma/] engrav]'s f+]s--t wiz>d h& ( ! ,ori5t into ^: f+]-tips are di/ill$ ! my/]ies ( bygone c5turies4 ,a portion ( ! col\r by means ( ?is calculat$ pressure is drunk1 absorb$ into ! pap]1 & only ! transp>5cy is left vibrat+ ^u ! fibres1 l col\r b5ea? ! glaze4 ,! 8,catalogue ,raisonn0 ( ,m4 de ,gonc\rt is a prose ma/]piece4 ,8 descriptive t\*es1 l pa/els set 9 jewels1 captivate ! imag9ation4 ,?r\gh him we see ! albums1 ! fans1 ! kakemonos1 ! surimonos4 ,oh1 ! pr9ts1 ) _! wondr\s backgr\nds1 ! delight ( ,utam>o6 ,sometimes /raw-yell[1 ! uni=mity brok5 ) cl\ds ( gr\nd mica2 sometimes gray 9 t9t1 l ! traces ( rec$+ waves ^u ! bea*4 ,"s silv]$ backgr\nds ?r[ moonlight reflections ^u ! figures2 "s are sombre1 biz>re--all are m>vell\s beyond words4 ,& ! col\rs6 we _c def9e !m 9 ,engli%4 ,! 8bleus0 7malades des mauves71 ! 8rose0 7b5i7 8si peu de rose1 qu'ils sembl5t s'ap]cevoir trav]s un tulle2 l'azur--dlav1 et comme noy dans l'eau10--n col\rs1 b nuances1 :i* recall ! col\rs4 ,& ! 8,gauffrage10 s effective ) ! pr9t arti/s1 ) u a m]e confection]'s t\*6 ,x is said t 8! /hetic temp]am5t ( a nation is mo/ subtly felt 9 ! use ( col\r4 ,purity1 coldness1 s5suality1 brightness1 dullness ( t9ts1 are significant t]ms correlat$ to m5tal & physical human ph5om5a40 ,! ass]tion ( ,rusk91 t 8! bodily sy/em is 9 a heal?y /ate :5 we c see hues cle>ly 9 _! mo/ delicate t9ts1 & enjoy !m1 fully & simply1 ) ! k9d ( enjoym5t *ildr5 h 9 eat+ sweet ?+s10 is br\ght to m9d 9 view+ ! ,japanese p ^u ! occasion ( "o ( _! great fl[] ftes1 fea/+ _! eyes ^u *]ry blooms or trail+ clu/]s ( ! wi/>ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,:ile ,"m ,sleeps4 ,by ,utam>o1 nam$ by ,m4 de ,gonc\rt3 8,le ,fondateur de ,l'cole de la ,vie40 ,utam>o plann$ s*emes ( col\r & devis$ h>monies--!mes :i*1 improvis$ ^u & endlessly imitat$ by 8 arti/ confrres1 fill$ 8 own c\ntrym5 ) delight & ravi%$ ! he>ts ( ,p>isian pa9t]s4 ,! influ5ce ( ,utam>o1 ,hiro%ige & ! o!r ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye revolutioniz$ ! col\r-s5se ( ! art _w1 s t ,!odore ,*ild1 writ+ 9 #ahib1 rem>ks ( ! ,japanese influ5ce3 8,! ,p>is ,salon ( today z comp>$ ) ! salon ( t5 ye>s ago is l a ,may morn+ comp>$ ) a d>k ,novemb] day40 ,! same ke5 obs]vation & te*nical skill :i* w\ld h made ,utam>o a fam\s naturali/ is %[n 9 8 m>vell\s /udies ( wom54 ,he 0 ! fir/ ,japanese arti/ :o deviat$ f ! traditional mann] ( treat+ ! face4 ,! academic /yle dem&$ ! nose to be sugge/$ by "o calligraphic1 aquil9e /roke1 ! eyes to be m]e slits1 ! m\? ! curl$ up petal ( a fl[]4 ,utam>o bl5t ) ?is conv5tion1 s little human1 a mut9\s grace1 a spiritual compreh5sion2 he kept ! consecrat$ l9es1 b made !m approa* ! human4 ,^! 8effigies ( wom50 became individuals2 9 "o ^w1 he is an ideali/1 he 8makes a goddess out ( a c\rtesan40 ,no detail ( h] anatomy escapes 8 eye1 no grace ( l9e or beauty ( cont\r4 ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 9 detail+ ! great pr9ts ( ,utam>o1 transports u to ! ,ori5t4 ,he unrolls ! film ( memory1 s t aga9 ! ,japanese woman /&s1 recl9es1 & lives be=e u4 8,v\s avez la ,japonaise en t\s les m\vem5ts intimes de son corps2 v\s l'avez1 dans ses appuiem5ts de tte1 sur le dos de sa ma91 qu& elle rfl*it1 dans ses ag5\illem5ts1 les paumes de ses ma9s appuyes sur les cuisses1 qu& elle c\te1 dans sa p>ole1 jete de ct1 la tte un peu t\rne1 et qui la montre dans les aspects si jolim5t fuyants d'un pr(il p]du2 v\s l'avez dans sa contemplation am\reuse des fleurs qu'elle reg>de aplatie t]re2 v\s l'avez dans ses r5v]sem5ts o lgrem5t elle pose1 demi assise1 sur la balu/rade d'un balcon2 v\s l'avez dans ses lectures1 o elle lit dans le volume1 t\t prs de ses yeux1 les deux c\des appuys sur ses g5\x2 v\s l'avez dans sa toilette qu'elle fait avec une ma9 t5ant devant elle1 son petit miroir de mtal1 t&is que de l'autre ma9 passe d]rire elle1 elle se c>esse di/raitem5t la nuque de son cran2 v\s l'avez dans le cont\rnem5t de sa ma9 aut\r d'une c\pe de sak1 dans l'att\*em5t dlicat et recroquevill de ses doigts de s+e1 aut\r des laques1 des porcela9es1 des petits objets arti/iques de son pays2 v\s l'avez enf91 la femme de l',empire-du-,lev]-du-,soleil1 en sa grace grce languide1 et son coquet rampem5t sur les nattes du p>quet40 ,to translate is to trave/y1 = ! ,fr5* language seems to be ! only m$ium ?r\gh :i* c be filt]$ ! nuances ( ,japanese ?\ght1 :i* elude ! ord9>y elem5ts ( language1 l ! p]fume ( fl[]s1 ! b\quet ( delicate v9tages4 ,our blunt ,anglo-,saxon m>s t picture language1 :]e "o flexible1 curv$ calligraphic /roke conveys to ! /hetically receptive ori5tal imag9ation :at /anzas ( rhym+ rhapsody fail to def9e4 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold & ,lafcadio ,he>n approa* ! ,fr5*1 are1 s to speak1 ori5taliz$4 ,ord9>y ,engli% fails to give a ,japanese equival5t4 ,x is too emphatic1 too objective2 x sugge/s ! dom9ant ,briti% hobnail ^u ! delicate ,tea-h\se tatami--t immaculate1 beautiful matt+1 into ^: uni=m l9es embroid]$ drap]ies dissolve delici\sly4 ,oh1 ^? dreams ( dresses6--! w>p & wo( ( ! visions ( ! ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 ( ,h>unobu & ,kiyonaga1 ,toyokuni & ,kunisada1 & all ! re/1 ! idols ( ,p>isian col\ri/s6 8,= u10 says ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 8,utam>o pa9t$ violet dresses1 :]e1 ^u ! bord]1 degradation rose0 7fad+ into ,b5i1 t my/ic t9t1 ! _s ( a%es ( rose71 8birds are swoop+1--violet dresses1 across :i* wov5 9 light1 zigzag insect *>act]s1 compos+ ! ,japanese alphabet1--violet dresses1 :]e ,corean lions1 grim & f]oci\s1 cr\*1 gleam+ 9 %ad+ ( old bronze )9 ! purple folds6 ,dresses ( mauve1 smoky1 %ad+ into bi/re1 :]e ! purple iris un%ea!s its head f ! sl5d] gray-gre5 /alk60 ,m\rasiki-ya 7maison mauve7 0 ! "n ( ! ateli] ( ,utam>o4 8,robes ( t milky blue ! ,*9ese call #8blue ( ! sky aft] ! ra91' b5ea? clu/]s ( pale rose peonies2 dresses ( silv]y gray1 frett$ ) sprays ( fl[]+ %rubs1 mak+ a mi/y moon%9e2 pea-gre5 dresses1 enamell$ ) rosy *]ry blooms2 gre5 dresses1 fad+ into wat]y t9ts1 hidd5 by gr\ps ( ! pawlonia1 ! coat ( arms ( ! reign+ family2 purple co/umes1 *annell$ ) wat] c\rses1 :]e m&>9 ducks pursue ea* o!r ar\nd ! hem4 ,oh1 ! beautiful black backgr\nds1 controll+ ! sc9tillat+ mass ( col\r6 ,black robes s[n ) *rysan!mums1 or %[]$ ) p9e-ne$les1 work$ 9 :ite4 ,black dresses1 :]e f9ely wov5 baskets are m+l$ ) sceptres ( (fice6 #8,oh6 les belles robes6' he cries1 :]e flights ( cranes dissolve into ! di/ance1 :]e birds are flutt]+1 :]e lacy fretwork ( fans & little g>l&s are int]wov56--a motive delight$ 9 by ,utam>o z a framework = belov$ faces40 ,all t is beautiful 9 nature & art liv$ & brea!d 9 ^! dresses1 ^u :i* ! lov+ h& ( ! pa9t] left a grace 9 e fold4 ,! e>ly inspir] ( ,utam>o's g5ius 0 ,kiyonaga1 :o _h re/or$ ! glory ( ! s*ool ( ,torii--! pr9t]'s bran* ( ,ukiyo-ye1 :i* _h sunk into tempor>y oblivion "u ! wan+ p[]s ( ,kiyomitsu4 ,! ateli] ( ,kiyonaga became ! sanctu>y ( ! arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 :o1 ^u ent]+1 =sook _! individual traditions4 ,!re wor%ipp$ ,toyokuni ( ,utagawa2 ,yei%i1 ! scion ( classic & ari/ocratic ,kano2 & at ! ma/]'s feet sat ! ,"y ,utam>o1 absorb+ 8 me?ods until1 9 8 e>ly compositions1 said ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 ! te*nique & mann]isms ( ,kiyonaga 8saute aux yeux40 ,! influ5ce ( ,kiyonaga p]vades 8 mo/ beautiful "w2 b lat]1 "u a life ( con/ant self-indulg5ce1 among/ associations all t5d+ to demoralization1 8 g5ius suff]$ an eclipse4 ,8 loss ( self-control affect$ 8 art1 until ! sweep+ l9es & noble cont\rs :i* 8 bru% _h acquir$ 9 ! ateli] ( ,kiyonaga 7 lo/ or widely trave/i$ into a 8delirium ( female tallness40 ,9 ^! wild flights 8 bro!r arti/s foll[$ 9 headlong pursuit1 & ! contagion ( ! movem5t swept ! /udios ( ,p>is4 ,9 ! mod]n po/] we see ! deg5]ate (fspr+ ( ! g5ius ( ,utam>o1 & ( ,toyokuni4 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa said1 8,! g5]ation ( ,aubrey ,be>dsley pref] ^! tricks to ! sob] grace ( ,h>unobu1 ,kiyonaga & ,koriusai40 ,x is art born ( excess1 a 8,zolaism 9 pr9ts40 ,! horrors ( diseas$ imag9ation1 ! visions begott5 ( abs9!1 :i* blot ! brilliant pages ( ,de ,maupassant & ! v]se ( ,paul ,v]la9e1 7 reflect$ by ,utam>o 9 8 /udies ( ! loa?some & ! abnormal1 :]e ,montaigne decl>es1 8,l'esprit faisant le *eval es*app1 enfante des *imres40 ,! blasphem\s impieties ( ?is culte1 deplor$ by all true ,fr5*m51 9 ! c\ntry ( ,hugo & ,molire1 7 di/anc$ by ,utam>o1 :o suborn$ 8 art1 8 cynical bru% c>icatur+ "u ! di/ort$ figures ( not$ c\rtesans ! sa9ts & sages ( ! sacr$ ,buddhi/ leg5ds4 ,trad+ ^u 8 va/ popul>ity1 he issu$ a pictorial satire ^u "o ( ! fam\s ,%oguns1 b ?is act ( lse-maje/ br\ght him into disfav\r ) ! reign+ ,%ogun1 ! ,l\is ,,xv ( ,japan1 an arti/ic voluptu>y1 l 8 prototype1 ! subject ( ,utam>o's c>toon1 & ! arti/ 0 condemn$ & ca/ into prison4 ,f 8 cell ! gay butt]fly ( ! ,yo%iw>a em]g$1 sp5t & enfeebl$1 d>+ no m flights ( fancy1 & dy+ 9 #ahjf1 be=e he rea*$ 8 fiftie? ye>1 f ! effects ( 8 conf9em5t & ! misuse ( pleasure4 ,oh1 ! pity ( x6 ! pr(\nd pa?os 9 ! picture1 9 ,sekiy5's preface ( ! little 8,outa0 hold+ 8 treasur$ prize1 8la petite be/iole10--! *ildi% arti/-h&s ( ! embryo ma/] clasp+ ! insect s g5tly to pres]ve its ephem]al life1 yet lat] plung+ into ! dissipation & excesses :i* %ort5$ 8 own4 ,liv+ ) ! dclass1 h[ev] we may gloss _! imp]fections & cov] ) ! cloak ( *>ity _! sorr[ful call+1 he became himself a cynic1 an outca/1 an iconocla/1 le>n+ t 8h>d5+ ( ! he>t :i* br+s 8,irrev]5ce = ! dreams ( y\?40 ,?\gh ,utam>o 0 "o ( ! greate/ ( ! popul> arti/s1 8 demoralization l$ to ! decad5ce ( 8 s*ool1 :i* lat] 0 reg5]at$ by ! great ma/] ( ,ukiyo-ye1 ,hokusai1 ! arti/ ( ! p4 ,9 ,hokusai1 8,dream+ ! ?+s ( ,heav5 & ( ,buddha10 brea!d ! pure _s ( art1--t ,_s ( poetry & purity :i* calls to u 9 ,milton's immortal l9es3 8,mortals1 t w\ld foll[ me1 ,love ,virtue2 %e alone is free4 ,%e c tea* ye h[ to climb ,high] ?an ! sph]y *ime2 ,or if ,virtue feeble 71 ,heav5 itself w\ld /oop to h]40 ,! ,romance ( ,hokusai4 ,ma/] ( ,ukiyo-ye4 8,f ! age ( six1 ,i _h a mania = draw+ ! =ms ( ?+s4 ,by ! "t ,i 0 fifty1 ,i _h publi%$ an inf9ity ( designs1 b all ,i h produc$ be=e ! age ( sev5ty is n wor? tak+ into acc\nt4 ,at sev5ty-five ,i h le>n$ a little ab\t ! real /ructure ( nature1--( animals1 plants & trees1 birds1 fi%es & insects4 ,9 consequ5ce1 :5 ,i am eighty1 ,i %all h made /ill m progress4 ,at n9ety ,i %all p5etrate ! my/]y ( ?+s2 at a hundr$ ,i %all c]ta9ly h rea*$ a m>vell\s /age1 & :5 ,i am a hundr$ & t51 ev]y?+ ,i d--be x b a l9e or dot--w be alive4 ,i beg ^? :o live z long z ,i1 to see if ,i d n keep my ^w4 ,writt5 at ! age ( sev5ty-five by me1--once ,hokusai1--today ,gwakio-roj91 #8! old man1 mad ab\t draw+4'0 8,ars longa1 vita brevis10 ?\gh a "t-worn aphorism1 seems ! be/ comm5t ^u ^! words ( ,hokusai1 :i* preface ! 8,fugaku ,hiak'kei0 7,hundr$ ,views ( ,fuji74 ,judg+ f :at he _h accompli%$1 be=e 8 dea? 9 #ahdi1 at ! age ( eighty-n9e1 & ! cont9ual increase 9 8 p[]s1 x is easy to believe t _h 8 life be5 ext5d$ to ! limit he crav$1 ! prophecy w\ld h be5 fulfill$4 ,m4 ,l\is ,gonse says ( ,hokusai1 8,he is ! la/ & mo/ brilliant figure ( a progress ( m ?an t5 c5turies--! exub]ant & exquisite product ( a "t ( pr(\nd peace & incomp>able ref9em5t40 ,f ! /&po9t ( ,buddhism1 ,hokusai 0 ! cr[n+ glory1 ! supreme effloresc5ce ( c\ntless previ\s inc>nations4 ,9 8 c>e] he epitomiz$ ! !ory ( evolution1 ! embryonic /ages be+ exemplifi$ by 8 progress ?r\gh ! s*ools4 ,tra9$ 9 ! ateli] ( ,%un%o1 ! mo/ skillful expon5t ( ,ukiyo-ye art1 he rapidly absorb$ ! me?ods ( 8 ma/]2 b ev5 ! ,popul> ,s*ool 0 trammell$ by conv5tion1 & ,hokusai's g5ius1 reject+ academic fett]s1 w+$ its flight ?r\gh all ! realms ( ori5tal art4 ,he drank at ! f\nta9-head ( ,*9a1 !n absorb$ ! traditions ( ! 8two great /reams ( ,kano & ,tosa1 :i* fl[$ )\t mix+ to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury40 ,kano1 spr++ f ,*9ese models1 0 trans=m$ by ! g5ius ( ,masanobu & 8 foll[]s1 & became ! mo/ illu/ri\s s*ool ( pa9t+ 9 ,japan4 ,x 0 ! (ficial s*ool ( ! ,%oguns1 9 opposition to 8,tosa0--t elegant & exquisite appanage ( ! ,mikados1 :i* repres5t$ ari/ocratic ta/e4 ,! ,tosa s*ool is *>act]iz$ by extreme delicacy ( execution & f9e use ( ! bru%1 z 9 ,p]sian m9iature pa9t+4 ,! spl5d\r ( ! scre5s ( ,tosa has nev] be5 surpass$1 ) _! preci\s h>monies 9 col\r & delicate designs 7s (t5 imitat$ 9 lacqu]71 aga9/ glori\s backgr\nds 9 ri* gold-leaf4 ,he /udi$ ! te*nique ( ,okio1 f\nd] ( ! s*ool ( realism1 :i*1 matur+ at ,kyoto1 l$ up to 8,ukiyo-ye10 ! popul> art ( ! masses ( ,y$o4 ,ukiyo-ye1 lit]ally 8,! ,float+ ,_w10 despis$ by ! ascetic disciples ( ,buddha & ,confucius = pictur+ ! gay _w ( fa%ion & folly1 0 ! "n ( ! s*ool :i* lib]at$ ,japanese art f ! %ackles ( c5turies ( tradition4 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,ladies4 ,by ,hokusai4 ,ukiyo-ye is ! supreme expression1 ! conc5trat$ ess5ce ( ! s*ools1 a riv] ( art ^: f\nt 0 ,india1 ,p]sia & ,*9a4 ,= c5turies x 0 =c$ into n>r[ *annels by ! haughty & exclusive ari/ocracy2 b ev] wid5+1 its bran*es at la/ unit$ & swept into _! joy\s curr5t ! common p ( ,japan1 :o1 intuitively art lov]s1 _h ev] ?ir/$ = ! liv+ /ream4 ,n[ !y beheld !mselves reflect$1 9 all ! naturalness ( daily life1 yet ) a spiritual r5d]+1 8appeal+10 said ,j>ves1 8to ^? intuitions ) :i* ! s\l is freight$ :5 x fir/ comes to e>?1 ^: =ce is ev] manife/$ by a long+ = an ideal n ( ! e>?1 & ^: pres5ce c only be expla9$ z an augury ( a sup]ior life to be1 or else ! dim rem9isc5ce ( "o gone2 & ! recognition ( ?is ideal is ! t\*/one ( art--art :i* !n becomes ! solution ( immortality40 ,! orig9ators ( ,ukiyo-ye1 :i* includ$ 9 its scope pa9t+ prop]1 book illu/ration & s+le-%eet pictorial pr9ts1 7 ,iwasa ,matahei & ,moronobu1 foll[$ 9 long succession by ,%unsui1 ! precursor ( ,hokusai's ma/]1 ,%un%o2 & unit$ ) x 7 ! engrav]s ( ! ,torii s*ool1 culm9at+ 9 ,kiyonaga 7) ^: grace & beauty ( l9e ,hokusai c\ld nev] compete71 ! ref9$ (f%oot ( ! ,kitao1 & ! elegant scion ( ,kano--,yei%i4 ,hokusai's individuality & indep5d5ce long gall$ 8 ma/]1 & a f9al rupture 0 caus$ by ! pupil's en?usiasm = ! bold & sweep+1 black-&-:ite1 calligraphic /rokes ( ,kano4 ,!n began a h>d /ruggle = ! y\?ful arti/1 :o _h no money & no influ5ce4 ,8 fa!r 0 a mak] ( metal mirrors1 ,hokusai's real "n be+ ,nakajima ,tetsu ,jiro1 b 8 pseudonyms 7 legion4 ,9 ! ateli] ( ,%un%o1 he 0 call$ ,%unro1--tak+ ) ! o!r disciples ( ?is s*ool ( ,katsukawa1 ! fir/ syllable ( 8 ma/]'s "n4 ,ca/ adrift ^u ! /reets ( ,y$o1 he sold r$ pepp]1 & hawk$ almanacs1 at ! same "t con/antly /udy+1 & seiz+ ! be/ ideas f all ! s*ools4 ,bl5t ) an intuitive in/9ct = art1 ! ,japanese nature is ess5tially hi/rionic1 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole c>e] ( ,hokusai !re is an elem5t :i* is g5u9ely dramatic4 ,c4 ,j4 ,holmes1 9 8 beautiful "w on ,hokusai1 gives _m romantic incid5ts 9 ! arti/'s life1 & 0 x n by a !atrical t\r de =ce t he fir/ won popul> fav\r8 ,he *ose no d\bt a national holiday1 p]haps ! fe/ival ( 8,*]ry ,view+10 :5 ,uy5o ,p>k is ?rong$ ) sightse]s ( e /ation 9 life4 ,"h 9 ! he>t ( ! great city ( ,tokyo is a hall[$ spot--maje/ic1 gr& & peaceful1 :]e 9 my/ic solemnity ! sacr$ c$>s en%r9e t wondr\s necropolis ( illu/ri\s dead1--= at ,uy5o lie buri$ six ( ! fam\s ,%oguns4 ,9 ! c\rty>d ( "o ( ! temples1 ,hokusai erect$ a r\gh scaffold+1 ^u :i* 0 spread a %eet ( pap]1 eighte5 y>ds long & elev5 9 wid?4 ,"h 9 ! sacr$ he>t ( ,japan1 ) tubs ( wat] & tubs ( ink1 ! ma/] & pr$e/9$ g5ius ( 8 c\ntry manife/$ 8 p[]4 ,he swept 8 huge bru% ?is way & t1 ! cr[d con/antly increas+ 9 d5sity1 _m scal+ ! temple ro( to see ! m>vell\s feat1--a colossal figure1 spr++ into life at ! t\* ( ! creator4 ,all :o "k 8 "w c 9 imag9ation picture ! gr& sweep+ curves & graduat$ %ad+s t ! magic broom evolv$2 & ! arti/ic p gaz$ spell-b\nd1 :ile _m a murmur$ 8,n>uhodo60 7,wond]ful7 & sibilant inhalation ( ! brea? m>k$ _! recognition ( ! ma/]'s p[]4 ,display+ less ( ! arti/ ?an ! g5ius at leg]dema9 7 ,hokusai's /reet tricks--almo/ repreh5sible did we n "k ! dire /raits to :i* g5ius is (t5 r$uc$4 ,an eag] expectant cr[d dogg$ 8 foot/eps & wat*$ ) delight$ curiosity1 :ile he sket*$ l&scapes1 upside d[n1 ) an egg or a bottle1 or a w9e measure1 any?+ t came to 8 h&1--*ang+ ) bewild]+ effect f huge figures ( ,*9ese h]oes & demigods to microscopic draw+s on gra9s ( rice1 & pictures made out ( *ance blots ( ink4 ,8 fame 0 nois$ abroad1 & at la/ rea*$ ! e>s ( ! ,%ogun1 & n[ an unprec$5t$ hon\r 0 conf]r$ ^u ! humble apo/le ( ! artisan1 = he 0 summon$ be=e ! augu/ pres5ce to give an exhibition ( 8 skill4 ,! ,japanese are ev] imitative1 & ,hokusai may h borne 9 m9d ! leg5d ( 8 prototype ,ses%iu1 an arti/-prie/ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :o sket*$ be=e ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a a m>vell\s dragon1 ) spla%es f a broom plung$ 9 ink4 ,/ill m spectacul> & !atrical 0 ,hokusai's debut1 =1 spread+ a %eet ( pap] be=e ! feet ( ! mon>*1 he cov]$ x ) a blue wa%1--!n seiz+ a live cock1 he daub$ its feet ) a r$ pigm5t1 & let x run ov] ! wet col\r1 :5 ! ,%ogun & 8 a/oni%$ c\rti]s beheld a fl[+ /ream ( liquid blue1 ^u :i* appe>$ to float filmy segregat$ petals ( r$ maple leaves4 ,a m]e trick6--unwor?y ( g5ius1 we might say1 b ,hokusai _h gaug$ 8 c\ntrym51 & knew t 8 jeu d'esprit w\ld ar\se & impress ^! ari/ocratic connoisseurs1 jad$ ) c]emonial obs]vances1 m ?an any display ( te*nical k1--= ! ,japanese1 z a nation1 are naively *ildi% 9 _! love ( novelty & amusem5t1 & ( ! unusual & biz>re4 ,is x n possible t ?is trick]y ( ! ma/] may h unconsci\sly suppli$ ! motive = ,hiro%ige's fam\s pr9t ( a ,y$o suburb1 *os5 by ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa1 9 8 beautiful "w on ,ukiyo-ye1--:]e he s poetically says1 8! orange fire ( maples deep5s ! blue ( m>%y pools08 ,space does n p]mit any detail$ description ( ! compositions ( ,hokusai1 & !re is no complete catalogue ( 8 works1 ! "o ne>e/ to accuracy be+ ,m4 ,edmond de ,gonc\rt's ,catalogue raisonn4 ,8 fecundity 0 m>vell\s4 ,he illu/rat$ books ( all k9ds1 poetry1 comic albums1 acc\nts ( travels1--9 fact 8 works are an encyclop$ia ( ,japanese life4 ,8 pa9t+s are scatt]$1 & c\ntless numb]s lo/1 _m be+ m]ely ephem]al draw+s1 ?r[n (f = ! pass+ pleasure ( ! populace4 ,! orig9al designs = ! pr9ts 7 transf]r$ to ! blocks1 & lo/1 ?\gh ! ma/] rigidly sup]9t5d$ ! reproduction ( 8 works1 & 8 wood-cutt]s 7 tra9$ to foll[ ! graceful sweep+ curves ) p]fect accuracy1 _m ( 8 compositions be+ rul$ across = exact r$uction4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,riv] ,sc5e4 ,by ,hok'kei1 ! fai?ful pupil ( ,hokusai1 :o /rove to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,ma/]4 ,ukiyo-ye art is b\nd up ) pr9t developm5t1 & ! climax ( xylography _h be5 rea*$ 9 ! "t ( ,hokusai4 ,japanese book illu/ration1 & s+le-%eet pr9t+1 revolutioniz$ ! _w's art4 ,! great connoisseurs ( col\r tell u t n[h]e else is !re any?+ l x1--s ri* & s full1 t a pr9t comes to h e quality ( a complete pa9t+4 ,hokusai _h s]v$ a f\r ye>s' appr5tice%ip to ! s*ool ( engrav+1 & 8 practic$ eye 0 ev] ready to detect any inaccuracy 9 8 workm54 8,i w>n ! engrav]10 he said1 8n to add an eyeball und]nea? :5 ,i d n draw "o4 ,z to ! nose1 ^! two are m9e10--"h he draws a nose 9 front & 9 pr(ile1--8,i w n h ! nose ( ,utagawa40 ,! greate/ diff]5ce exi/s 9 ! beauty & col\r+ ( ! impressions1 & ! amateur1 9 8 se>* = ,ukiyo-ye gems1 %\ld n tru/ 8 unaid$ judgm5t4 ,m4 ,l\is ,gonse said ( ! surimono1 8,to me !y are ! mo/ s$uctive morsels ( ,japanese art40 ,!y are small1 oblong pr9ts1 compos$ z programmes = fe/ive occasions ) a text ( v]se enri*$ by exquisite illu/ration4 ,! surimono ( ,hokusai %[$ ! influ5ce ( ,tosa1 ! decoration be+ v elaborate1 & delicate z a ,p]sian m9iature4 ,9 places1 ! surface ( ! pr9t is g(f]$ = ornam5t 9 relief1 & ! col\r+ is en=c$ by inlay+ 9 gold1 silv]1 bronze & t94 ,"s ( ! be/ examples ( ,hokusai's art are ! 8,wat]falls10 ! 8,bridges10 8,?irty-six ,views ( ,fuji10 ! 8,gwafu10 ! 8,hundr$ ,views ( ,fuji0 7( :i* ! f9e/ edition 0 br\ght out 9 ,london ) a comm5t>y by ,mr4 ,f4 ,v4 ,dick9s71 & ! fifte5 volumes ( ! 8,mang-wa10--a t]m h>dly translatable1 b signify+ fugitive sket*es1 or draw+ z x comes1 spontane\sly4 ,! preface be/ gives u ! int5tion ( ! ma/]4 8,"u ! ro( ( ,boks5n1 9 ,nagoya1 he dream$ & drew "s ?ree hundr$ compositions4 ,! ?+s ( ,heav5 & ( ,buddha1 ! life ( m5 & wom51 ev5 birds & bea/s1 plants & trees1 he has includ$ !m all1 & "u 8 bru% e phase & =m ( exi/5ce has aris54 ,! ma/] has tri$ to give life to ev]y?+ he has pa9t$1 & ! joy & happ9ess s fai?fully express$ 9 8 "w are a pla9 pro( ( 8 victory40 ,hokusai has be5 call$ ! k+ ( ! artisans1 & x 0 = !m especially t he compos$ ! draw+s ( ,mang-wa4 ,8 influ5ce is express$ 9 all _! works3 9 ! /ructure ( ! ro(s ( temples1 9 h\ses & _! int]iors2 ^u ! ?+s ( e-day life1 z ^u fl[]s & l&scapes1 ^u lacqu]1 inros & netsukis1 bronzes & ivory4 ,gu/ave ,geffroy truly gaug$ ! g5ius ( ,hokusai 9 speak+ ( 8 8flights beyond ! horizon40 ,9 ! ma/] we recognize ! creator4 ,he feels ! my/]y ( ! bir? ( m\nta9s1 z 9 t weird composition ( ,fuji1 :]e ! great cone is se5 ris+ above circle ^u circle ( s]p5t9e coils1 =m+ ! my/ic tomoy--symbol ( creation & et]nity4 ,he feels ! pulsation ( ! univ]se1 & ! life ( ocean1 & 9 a fr5zy ( creative p[]1 b5ea? 8 h& ! curv$ cre/s ( foam+ waves break into life1 fla%+ into c\ntless sea-birds born ( ! fro? ( ocean4 ,he is ! pa9t] ( *im]a1 ! prophet ( cataclysm2 he 8gives ! _w a %ake & inv5ts *aos40 ,h[ vivid is ,holmes' description ( ! wave 9 ! sev5? ,mang-wa6 8,man becomes a m]e insect1 cr\*+ 9 8 frail catam>an1 z ! giant bill[ topples & %akes f> above him4 ,! conv5tion ( black l9es ) :i* he repres5ts fall+ ra9 is z effectual z 8 conv5tions = wat] are fanciful4 ,! /orm ( ,rembr&t1 ( ,rub5s1 or ( ,turn]1 is (t5 t]rible b nev] really wet2 ,con/able gets ! effect ( wetness1 b 8 /orms are n t]rible4 ,hokusai kn[s h[ a gale la%es wat] into foam1 & b[s ! tree be=e x2 h[ ! gu/s bl[ ! p hi!r & ?i!r1 h[ %eets ( dr5*+ ra9 half veil a l&scape1 h[ ! great :ite cone ( 8 belov$ ,fuji gleams ?r\gh a /eady d[np\r6 ,8 lightn+ is r odd 9 comp>ison ) ! reali/ic /udies ( ! great arti/s ( ,europe1 b :at ,european ev] tri$ an effect s /up5d\s z t record$ 9 #8,fugaku ,hiak'kei1' :]e ! sn[y top ( ,fuji is se5 at ev5+1 crimson ) ! la/ fi]y rays ( sunset1 :ile all ! flanks ( ! m\nta9 are hidd5 by a d>k /orm-cl\d1 ?r\gh :i* ! lightn+ fla%es60 ,poetry & art are ev] alli$1 & ! vibrations ( g5ius encircle ! globe4 ,byron & ,rusk9 & ,hokusai 7 contempor>ies4 ,possibly at ! v mom5t :5 ! poet 0 immortaliz+ himself by compos+ 8 8,/orm 9 ! ,alps10 ! gr& 8old man1 mad ab\t draw+10 0 sket*+ ! pe]less m\nta93-- 8,f> along ,f peak to peak1 ! rattl+ crags among1 ,leaps ! l\d ?und]6 n f "o lone cl\d1 ,b e m\nta9 n[ ha? f\nd a tongue1 ,& ,jura answ]s ?r\gh h] mi/y %r\d1 ,back to ! joy\s ,alps1 :o call to h] al\d40 ,"l ,byron's vivid p5 also be/ describes ! squally /orms ( bo? ,hiro%ige & ,hokusai1--:]e 8,! big ra9 comes danc+ to ! e>?40 ,0 n ,hokusai truly 8a portion ( ! tempe/08 z he repres5ts himself1 draw+ ,fuji1 9 w9t]1 work+ 9 a fr5zy ( ha/e1--= ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[--two bru%es 9 8 h&1 & wond] ( wond]s6 "o held betwe5 8 toes4 ,?is picture1 also f 8,! ,hundr$ ,views ( ,fuji10 prefaces ,m>cus ,b4 ,hui%'s "w on ,japanese art4 ,! clos+ sc5e 9 ! drama ( ,hokusai's life is full ( pa?os4 ,?\gh 8 :ole c>e] _h be5 %ad[$ by pov]ty1 & %r\d$ 9 obscurity1 8 art /ill held him e>?-b\nd4 ,^u 8 dea?-b$ he said1 8,if ,heav5 w\ld only grant me t5 m ye>s60 ,!n1 z he realiz$ t ! end approa*$1 he murmur$1 8,if ,heav5 _h b grant$ me five m ye>s ,i c\ld h be5 a real pa9t]40 ,s end$ ! life ( ! ma/] ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,8 body lies b5ea? ! p9es ( ,asakusa1 b w\ld we n gladly believe t 8 8s\l turn$ ,w-o'-!-wisp1 may ev] come & g at ease1 ov] ! summ] fields10--= ?is 0 ! la/ expression ( 8 passionate desire4 ,hiro%ige4 ,l&scape ,pa9t] & ,apo/le ( ,impressionism4 ,if ! lovely 8,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun0 %\ld1 dur+ "o ( ^? volcanic ?roes :i* ?reat5 h] ext9ction1 s9k =ev] b5ea? ! dep?s ( ocean1 %e w\ld yet live = u ?r\gh ! magic bru% ( ,hiro%ige4 ,gaz+ at 8 l&scapes1 ! airy w+ ( imag9ation wafts u to a l& ( %[]s & sunsets--a fairy sc5e1 :]e ! ra9b[ falls to e>?1 %att]$ into a ?\s& prisms--:]e wat]s s(tly fl[ t[>ds horizons t\*$ ) daffodil or azure t9t$4 ,"h is a glid+ sampan ) clos$ %utt]s4 ,inside1 ! lant]n's diffus$ light ?r[s a silh\ette ^u ! bamboo curta91 a droop+ girli% head b5d+ t[>ds ! unse5 lov] at h] feet4 ,ripples play ^u ! wat]1 /irr$ by ! amor\s brea? ( ori5tal night4 ,9 fancy we he> ! t9kl+ ( ! samis51 t\*$ by delicate f+]s1 sweetly p]fum$4 ,n[ we see ra9 ^u ! ,tokaido4 ,a skurry+ /orm4 ,affright$ coolies runn+ ?is way & t4 ,a m\nta9 full ( e*oes & horror4 ,d[n x spla% rivulets1 runn+ into inky pools4 ,d>kness & t]ror & lonel9ess1 & long+ = w>m? & %elt] & ! peace ( home4 ,9 m>k$ contra/ is "o ( ! 8,sev5 ,impressions ( ,hakone40 ,a glad reveille4 ,! sun breaks out1 ! cl\ds h bur/ asund]1 masses ( vap\r float "h & !re4 ,all is *aotic1 untam$1 a palette wildly m+l$4 ,! ,japanese s de>ly love ,nature1 9 all h] moods1 t :5 %e dons h] mantle ( sn[ !y hesitate1 ev5 :5 necessity compels1 to sully its purity4 ,9 "o ( ,utam>o's pr9ts1 sweetly entitl$ by ,m4 ,edmond de ,gonc\rt 8,la ,nature ,arg5te10 a little musme is se5 se>*+ ! sn[y l&scape %e loves1 &1 hat+ to blot ! beautiful c>pet1 %e cries1 8,oh1 ! beautiful new sn[6 ,:]e %all ,i ?r[ ! tea-leaves80 ,) ,hiro%ige1 ! arti/ ( sn[ & mi/1 we feel ?is love1 & s successfully1 does he deal ) a sn[y l&scape t we see ! sn[ 9 masses1 lum9\s1 s(t & unsulli$1 z if ,nature _h l5t a help+ h& to portray h] pure :ite magic4 ,s1 )\t =mula or te*nique1 b absolutely & s9c]ely1 he unrolls ! w9t] pageant be=e u4 ,! ,japanese l&scape pa9t] sums up nature 9 broad l9es1 to :i* all details are m or less subord9at$4 ,?is r5d]+ ( ! mom5t>y vision ( life & light1--! _s1 n ! lett] ( ! sc5e1--is :at is meant by ,impressionism4 ,:]eas1 h[ev] ! ,fr5* impressioni/s express light by modell+ surfaces1 ! ,japanese adh]e rigidly to l9e1 & rely ^u gradations ( col\r & ! effect ( wa%es to produce ! illusion ( light4 ,_! l&scape is express$ 9 cle>-cut l9es & flat masses ( col\r4 ,9 ! pr9ts ?is virtue ( ab/ract l9e is exemplifi$1 ! outl9e be+ ! ess5tial elem5t ( ! composition1 = ^u l9e & arrangem5ts ( balanc$ col\r ! arti/ mu/ dep5d1 cramp$ z he is by ! necessities ( ! wood-cut4 ,& "h he displays 8 wond]ful +5uity1 8 f95ess ( gradations & opposition1 8 boldness & inf9ity ( device1 & 9 spite ( ! limitations :i* hamp] him1 he realizes absolute values 9 ! n>r[e/ range1 by virtue ( 8 k ( l9es & spaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,wi/>ia ,view+ at ,kameido4 ,by ,hiro%ige4 8,no sci5tifically taught arti/10 said ,j>ves1 8c get into z few squ>e in*es ( pap] a m di/9ct realization ( space1 di/ance1 atmosph]e1 p]spective & l&scape g5]ally1 n to m5tion s5tim5t & feel+40 ,?is virtue ( ! l9e is ! inh]itance ( ! ,japanese1 ! consummate h&l+ ( ! bru% almo/ a racial in/9ct4 ,f ,*9a1 f> back 9 ! c5turies1 came ! sweep+ calligraphic /roke1 ( :i* 9 ,japan ! s*ool ( ,kano became ! noble/ expon5t4 8,l'cole10 said ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 8des audaces et de la brav\re du faire1 l'cole tantt aux crasem5ts du p9ceau1 tantt aux tnuits d'un *eveu40 ,z soon z ! t9y h& ( ! ,japanese baby c grasp ! bru% its art education beg9s4 ,! bru% is ! ,japanese alphabet--x is _! fairy w&1 _! playmate--!y le>n to pa9t intuitively1 ?\gh lat] ! mo/ assidu\s /udy is giv5 to acquire ! *>act]i/ic t\* ( ! s*ool ) :i* !y affiliate4 ,! bru% is _! gnie1 subs]vi5t to _! imag9ation2 !y ma/] & 8juggle0 ) x4 ,= no =eign taught te*nique w !y b>t] _! bir?right4 ,& our ma/]s & in/ructors 9 art m & m recognize ! value ( initial bru%-"w4 ,! foll[+ exc]pt f ,walt] ,crane1 9 ,l9e & ,=m1 might s]ve z a preface to a "w on ,hokusai or ,hiro%ige3 8,! practice ( =m+ lett]s ) ! bru% af=d$ a v good prelim9>y practice to a /ud5t ( l9e & =m4 ,an important attribute ( l9e is its p[] ( express+ or sugge/+ movem5t4 ,undulat+ l9es always sugge/ action & unre/ or ! resi/ance ( =ce ( "s k9d4 ,! firm-set yet s(t fea!rs ( a bird mu/ be r5d]$ by a diff]5t t\* f ! %9+ scales ( a fi%4 ,! hair & horns ( animals1 delicate human features1 fl[]s1 ! s9u\s l9es ( drap]y1 or ! massive folds ( heavy robes1 all dem& f ! draughtsman 9 l9e diff]5t k9ds ( sugge/ive expression40 ,we are told t ,hiro%ige began 8 c>e] by mak+ pictures 9 col\r$ s&s on an adhesive backgr\nd1 to amuse ! public1 & p]haps ?is arti/ic juggl+ help$ him lat] 9 arrang+ 8 s*emes ( col\r1 = ! limitations ( ! block dem&$ almo/ equal simplicity 9 composition4 ,! impressions ( ,lake ,biwa1 "o ( ,hiro%ige's f9e/ s]ies ( views1 s]ve z a beautiful illu/ration ( ! almo/ exclusive use ( l9e 9 br++ out ! sali5t *>act]i/ics ( ! l&scape4 ,8 sweep+ bru% %[s u volcanic m\nta9s1 encircl+ ! lake1 l rocky bill[s1 torn & jagg$1 = leg5d says t z ! pe]less m\nta9 ,fuji-san rose 9 "o night1 s ! gr\nd sank1 & ! space 0 fill$ by ! beautiful lake nam$ f its resemblance 9 =m to ! ,japanese lute4 ,! trees :i* fr+e ! %ore1 black & mi/y1 ^u close inspection resolve !mselves into a network ( criss-cross l9es & blot*es4 ,! sampans' sails1 ! waves1 ! ru%es on ! %ore1 ! ro(s ( ! village ne/l+ b5ea? ! cliffs1 are all adroitly r5d]$ by horizontal l9es & skillful zigzags4 ,! re/ ( ! composition is a wa% ( %ad$ blues & grays1 fad+ t[>ds ! horizon into smoky violets4 ,biwa1 ! beautiful1 sugge/ive ( my/]y1 ! f\r-/r+$ lute gives !e h] "n4 ,?r\gh ! music ( ?y rippl+ eddies d sighs well up 9 !e1 ! murmur ( ! lo/8 ,a pall ( d>kness hov]s ov] !e1 pi]c$ by a gleam ( sun%9e1 beckon+ l a lov]'s h&4 ,mu* div]sity ( op9ion exi/s ) reg>d to ! id5tity ( ! arti/1 or arti/s1 :o design$ ! pr9ts sign$ ,hiro%ige4 ,! late/ rese>*1 h[ev]1 ju/ifies ! ass]tion t !re 0 b "o l&scape pa9t]1 ,hiro%ige ! ,great4 ,! pupils1--notably "o1 :o1 among o!r names1 sign$ ,%ig5obu1 until aft] 8 ma/]'s dea?1 :5 he took ! title ( ,hiro%ige ! ,second1 gradually assum+ 8 full nom-de-p9ceau1 ,hiro%ige ,i*iryusai1--fai?fully imitat$ 8 /yle1 also amplify+ ! multitud9\s designs & sket*es made by ! ma/]1 yet ! g5ius ( ! great arti/ is /amp$ ^u 8 "w1 & z a clev] critic t]sely says3 8,ev]y?+ he t\*$ 0 8 autograph40 ,mr4 ,john ,s4 ,happ]1 an indefatigable /ud5t ( ,ukiyo-ye & collector ( ni%iki-ye gems1 dur+ dilig5t rese>*1 discov]$ a clew t leads1 beyond controv]sy1 to ! "r attribution ( ! pr9ts sign$ ,hiro%ige1 & :i* he int5ds lat] to make public4 ,ne>ly all ! important v]tical sets1 he says1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 ascrib$ to ! second ,hiro%ige1 are by ! fir/ arti/1 al?\gh d\btless 8 pupils assi/$ him 9 8 "w1 r5d]+ _! aid1 z did ! pupils ( ,hokusai 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,mang-wa4 ,hiro%ige also associat$ himself at times ) o!r arti/s1 "o set ( ! ,kisokaido1 = example1 be+ 9 "p ! "w ( ,keisai ,yeis51 & he suppli$ _m backgr\nds to ! pr9ts ( ,kunisada & ,kuniyo%i4 ,9 ! catalogue ( ! 8,collection ,haya%i0 only two pr9ts are assign$ to pupils ( ,hiro%ige1 "o ( !m be>+ ! signature ( ,%ig5obu4 ,! ma/]pieces sign$ ,hiro%ige are all by "o great g5ius1 ! ,apo/le ( ,impressionism4 8,hiro1 ,hiro1 ,hiro%ige1 great is ,hiro%ige10 cries ,mr4 ,happ]1 9 an outbur/ ( en?usiasm4 8,be=e ,hiro%ige !re 0 no ,japanese l&scape ma/]1--aft] him !re is none40 ,9 ! 8,happ]0 ,collection is a memorial portrait ( ,hiro%ige by ,kunisada 7,toyokuni71 ! inscription ^u :i* is ( especial int]e/1 confirm+1 z x does1 ! date ( 8 dea? & prov+ t ! 8,mei%o ,y$o ,hiak'kei10 ! v]tical set ( ,y$o views1 s (t5 ascrib$ to 8 successor1 7 by ! ma/]4 ,! inscription is ?us qua9tly int]pret$ by a ,japanese /ud5t3 8,ryusai ,hiro%ige is a di/+ui%$ foll[] ( ,toyohiro1 :o 0 a foll[] ( ,toyoh>u1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,utagawa ,s*ool4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ,hiro%ige1 ,toyokuni & ,kuniyo%i are consid]$ ! ?ree great ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye1--no o!rs equal !m4 ,hiro%ige 0 especially not$ = l&scape4 ,9 ! ,ansei era1 #ahed-ahei1 he publi%$ ! #8,mei%o ,y$o ,hiak'kei' 7#8,hundr$ ,views ( ,y$o'71 :i* vividly pres5t ! sc5]y ( ,y$o to ! multitude ( admir]s4 8,ab\t ?is "t also appe>$ a magaz9e entitl$ #8,mei%o ,zuye' 7#8,sonnets on ,y$o ,sc5es'71 a mon?ly1 illu/rat$ by ,hiro%ige1 & display+ 8 wond]ful skill ) ! bru%1 to ! admiration ( ! _w4 ,he pass$ away1 to ! _w beyond1 on ! six? day ( ! n9? mon? ( ?is ye>1 #aheh1 at ! ripe age ( sixty-two 7sixty-"o by our c\nt74 ,he left beh9d a la/ te/am5t1 or f>ewell sonnet1 #8,azuma ji ni fude wo no-ko%ite tabi no sora2 ,ni%i no mi kuni no ,mei%o wo ,mimu4' 7,dropp+ ! bru% at ,azuma1 ,ea/]n ,capital1 ,i g ! long j\rney to ! ,we/]n ,c\ntry1 ,buddhi/ ,heav5 is 9 ! ,we/1 to view ! wond]ful sc5]ies !re2 p]*ance to limn !m too47 8,?is by ,temmei ,roj91 picture by ,toyokuni4 8,dat$1 ,ansei #e1 n9? mon? 7,octob]1 #aheh740 ,! be/ kn[n pr9ts by ,hiro%ige are ! 8,fifty-?ree ,/ations betwe5 ,y$o & ,kyoto40 ,?is ,tokaido s]ies 0 at fir/ beautifully pr9t$1 b ! lat] impressions %[ a sad decay 9 ! col\r+4 ,! 8,y$o ,haik'kei0 or 8,hundr$ ,views ( ,y$o10 give a panoramic vi/a ( ! ,%oguns' capital4 ,! pictorial description ( ,y$o1 9 black & pale blue1 is a lovely s]ies4 ,9 _m ( ^! l&scapes ! ,dut* influ5ce is v m>k$1 = ! ma/] ( ,hiro%ige1 ,toyohiro1 f :om he d]iv$ ! fir/ syllable ( 8 nom-de-p9ceau1 _h exp]im5t$ 9 l&scape pa9t+ aft] ! ,dut* wood-cuts :i* 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,al?\gh ,hiro%ige is be/ kn[n ?r\gh 8 l&scapes1 he1 l mo/ ,japanese pa9t]s1 0 too univ]sal an arti/ to conf9e himself solely to "o bran*4 ,he lov$ e phase ( nature1 & 9 "o ( 8 well-kn[n pr9ts1 8,! ,eagle10 8 skill 9 ! del9eation ( birds is be/ %[n4 ,9 ! lat] impressions a pale yell[i% tone takes ! place ( ! beautiful /eel-blue backgr\nd ( ! e>li] pr9ts1 miracles ( col\r pr9t+4 ,a?w>t ?is backgr\nd ( ineffable blue1 :i* loses itself 9 ! mi/s t veil ! sacr$ m\nta91 is se51 sweep+ & sail+ cruelly al]t1 ! evil eagle ( ,hiro%ige4 ,8 wick$ gaze is set on ne/s ( murmur+ wood-doves1 he eyes ! call[ sea-birds 9 _! b$ ( ru%es4 ,! temple bell r+s solemnly2 ! long vibrations cleave ! azure dusk4 ,x is ! h\r ( re/ & dreams4 ,begone1 base h>b+] ( evil6 ,9 ! e>ly pr9ts by ,hiro%ige ! col\rs are mo/ beautiful1 "o s(t tone fad+ imp]ceptibly into ano!r1 ! blues & gre5s s m>vell\sly bl5d$ z to be almo/ int]*angeable4 ,we are told t ,mi*elangelo lov$ ! companion%ip ( ! old workman :o gr\nd 8 col\rs2 & ( ! ,japanese1 x is said1 8?is mak+ "o family ( ! great] arti/ & all :o _h to d ) him has giv5 t peculi> complet5ess1 t s5se ( peace & abs5ce ( /ruggle :i* we feel 9 ,japanese art40 ,9 va9 ,hiro%ige f\ght1 t[>ds ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 aga9/ introduction ( *eap & inf]ior pigm5ts1 :i* 7 tak+ ! place ( ! native dyes--,nature's gifts1 di/ill$ by h] arti/ *ildr54 ,r$s1 yell[s1 blues & gre5s1 int5se & crude1 7 n[ import$1 & ,we/]n comm]cialism sapp$ ! virtue ( ! s9c]e & devot$ arti/s & artisans ( ! ,ori5t4 ,9 describ+ ! effect ( col\r 9 "o ( ! ,nikko temples1 ,w4 ,b4 ,van ,+5 ?r[s a se>*light ^u ! *emical secrets ( ?is spl5d\r1 :i* he tells u1 if ask$ to describe 9 "o ^w1 t ^w w\ld be 8gold540 8,^! col\rs10 he says1 8are n imitations ( col\rs4 ,if v]milion is us$1 x is c9nab> & n comm]cializ$ v]milion :i* is employ$1 nor is some?+ sub/itut$ = cobalt because x is *eap] & w #8d j z well4' ,ea* col\r is us$ because x is beautiful & frank z a col\r1 n because "s o!r col\r is beautiful4 ,if lacqu] is ! be/ m$ium to display ! beauty ( ! pigm5t1 lacqu] is us$1 & if wat] is bett]1 lacqu] is disc>d$1 & if ^! col\rs are n imitations ( col\rs1 nei!r are !y sugge/ions ( col\rs4 ,p9k is n us$ = r$2 if x is us$ at all1 x is us$ = its own beauty1 & feeble blui% wa%es are n made to d s]vice = blue4 ,! ,ori5tal has n yet le>n$ ! doctr9e ( sub/itution2 he kn[s t sub/itution is trans=mation40 ,! secrets ( col\r+ ( ! e>ly pr9ts1 ! joy ( ,p>isian /udios & :i* inspir$ ,:i/l]1 are lo/4 ,! delici\s gre5s ( old mosses1 ! pale rose t9ts1 ! ve9+s & m>bl+s1 ! iridesc5t t9ts ( ocean %ells1 ! lum9\s col\rs ( ! anemone1 ! bleus malades des mauves--t div9e violet1 a b5ison ( ! palette h&$ d[n by ^? old ,buddhi/ monks1 ! e>lie/ pa9t]s ( ,india & ,*9a4 ,^! visions ( col\r are tak+ ! place ( obscurity & gloom1 = ! great impressioni/s1 ,claude ,monet1 ,manet1 ! ,b>bizon s*ool also & its disciples1 h abjur$ ! old d>k %ad[s & sub/itut$ violet wa%es1 seem+ to %>e ! privilege ) ! sa9ts & sages ( 8see+ blue ev]y:]e40 ,all true arti/s live 8)9 ! sph]e ( ! inf9ite images ( ! s\l40 ,^! se]s are _! own ma/]s1 &1 z ,!odore ,*ild says s exquisitely1 8!y are ( r>e & special temp]am5ts1 & ?r\gh _! temp]am5t !y look at nature & see beautiful p]sonal visions4 ,!y fix _! visions 9 col\r or m>ble & !n disappe> =ev]1 c>ry+ ) !m ! secrets ( _! my/]i\s intellectual processes40 ,su* a special temp]am5t 0 bequea!d to ,:i/l]4 ,he submitt$ himself to ! ,japanese influ5ce1 n imitat+ b imbib+ ori5tal me?ods1 & foll[+ !m1 not)/&+ ,phili/9e clam\r1 = ! ,engli% art doctr9es ( ! "t 7 diametrically oppos$ to ^! innovations4 ,reg>dless ( sne]s1 he foll[$ ! b5t ( 8 g5ius1 :i* l$ him into ori5tal fields4 ,he felt ! sweet influ5ce ( su* arti/s z ,hokusai & ,hiro%ige4 ,he took advantage ( ! c5turies ( ?\ght giv5 to drap]y1 9 ! l& :]e1 z ) ,greece1 dress is a national problem2 :]e no fads & follies ( fa%ion fo/]$ by comm]cialism are all[$2 :]e ! arti/s design dress1 & ! p gratefully & s9c]ely adopt _! ideas4 ,:5 we c foll[ !m & all[ art to rule1 !n hide\s vag>ies & vulg>ities1 di/ortions ( ! figure by hoops & wires1 & mon/rosities 9 sleeves w cease4 ,!n may we hope to be an /hetic nation4 ,we ne$ our ,am]ican ,moronobus to design & embroid] & pa9t dresses = _! beautiful & intuitively ta/eful c\ntrywom54 ,! col\r vision ( ! ,ori5tal f> surpasses our own4 ,8 eyes are s5sitive to col\r h>monies :i*1 appli$ to l&scape1 at fir/ seem unreal1 impossible1 until we realize t ?\gh !y pres5t objects 9 hues intr9sically =eign to !m1 yet ! result ju/ifies ?is arrangem5t1 & its integrity is recogniz$1 = ! impression we receive is ! true "o4 ,& ?is *aotic mass+ ( col\r we notice 9 a l&scape by ,hiro%ige 0 employ$ by _m ( ! old ma/]s4 ,( ! /ormy passion ( ,t9toret1 ,rusk9 says3 8,he involves 8 e>? 9 coils ( volcanic cl\d1 & )draws ?r\gh circle flam+ above circle ! di/ant light ( p>adise40 ,!re is a keynote to art1 z to music1 & to g5ius2 ?r\gh ! inn] vision ?is h>mony is reveal$4 ,x lies )9 ! prec9cts ( ! s\l1 beyond ! rea* ( tal5t$ m$iocrity1 h[ev] v]s$ 9 ! canon ( art4 ,nor c ?is occult gift be h&$ d[n4 ,! mo/ ard5t disciples ( ,raphael tri$ 9 va9 to express !mselves aft] 8 patt]n4 ,! sublime inspiration :i* f\nd its fulle/ outw>d manife/ation 9 ! ,si/9e ,madonna re/$ !re4 ,! poets realiz$ ?is col\r vision1 = ,dante cri$-- 8,_h ,i a tongue 9 eloqu5ce z ri* ,z is ! col\r+ 9 ,fancy's loom40 ,inspiration mu/ be s\ght by o!r ?an me*anical means4 ,h n ! mo/ inspir$ revelations ( col\r come to ! great ma/]1 ,william ,kei?1 :51 invok+ ! aid ( 8 old temple bell1 its l+]+ vibrations yield$ to him ri* secrets ( col\r h>mony1 z ! song ( ! bell reveal$ to ! s\l ( ,s*ill] ! my/]y ( life & bir? & dea?1 :i* he cry/alliz$ 9 8 immortal poem8 ,?is is ! keynote ( ,impressionism1 ! t\*/one ( art4 ,:at a fairy w& 0 waft$ by ,:i/l]1 /&+ ^u ,batt]sea ,bridge6 8,! ev5+ mi/10 he said1 8clo!s ! riv]side ) poetry1 z ) a veil1 & ! poor build+s lose !mselves 9 ! dim sky1 & ! tall *imneys become ,campanili1 & ! w>eh\ses are palaces 9 ! night & ! :ole city hangs 9 ! heav5s1 & fairyl& is be=e u60 ,lean+ ^u ! bridge1 ! sweet influ5ce ( ,hiro%ige p]meat+ 8 s\l1 9 ! crucible ( 8 fancy he bl5t ) ! radiant ,ori5t a vision ( old ,london1 grimy & age-worn1 & realiz$ 8a ,japanese fancy on ! banks ( ! gray ,?ames40 ,to ?is picture he set ! seal ( 8 bro!r arti/1 & s ! two apo/les ( ,impressionism1 ,occid5tal & ,ori5tal1 9 t lovelie/ nocturne1 w toge!r g d[n to po/]ity4 ,analytical ,comp>isons betwe5 ! ,ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye4 ,x is difficult rightly to det]m9e ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ! not$ arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye3 b ! connoisseurs speak ( ! extreme grace ( pictorial l9e 9 ,moronobu3 ! sweep+ areas ( patt]n 9 ! g>m5ts ( ,kiyonobu & 8 foll[]s1 & _! =ceful ways ( outl9+ ! folds ( drap]y1 all full ( mean+4 ,grace & delicacy m>k ! idyllic compositions ( ,h>unobu & 8 successor ,koriusai 7! face ( ! ,japanese woman is ! face ( ,h>unobu1 ,koriusai1 ,%un%o & 8 s*ool74 ,m4 de ,gonc\rt says3 8,! ,japanese woman is li!1 little1 & r\nd$4 ,out ( ?is woman ,utam>o creat$ ! sl5d]1 svelte woman ( 8 pr9ts1--a woman :o has ! delicate outl9es ( an e>ly ,watteau sket*4 ,be=e ,utam>o1 ,kiyonaga _h drawn wom51 l>g] ?an nature1 b fle%y & ?ick4 ,! face ( ! ord9>y ,japanese woman is %ort & squat1 & except = ! inexpressible vivacity & sweetness ( ! black eyes x is ! face :i* ,h>unobu1 ,koriusai & ,%un%o repres5t$4 ,out ( ?is face ,utam>o creat$ a long oval4 ,he slid into ! traditional treatm5t ( ! features a mut9\s grace1 a nave a/oni%m5t1 a spiritual compreh5sion2 & he 0 ! fir/ arti/ :o attempt$1 :ile pres]v+ ! consecrat$ traditional l9es1 to bl5d ) !m a human expression1 s t 8 be/ pr9ts become real portraits4 ,/udy+ !m1 we no long] see only ! univ]sal1 b ! individual face1 &1 unlike ! o!r ,japanese arti/s1 he idealizes 8 c\ntrywoman ?r\gh ! mimicry ( h] graci\s humanity40 ,! wom5 ( ,kiyonaga h a m ?an human dignity & grace1 ! classic folds ( 8 drap]y recall+ figures ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! ,japanese arti/ always has an und]ly+ motive 9 ! disposition ( 8 drap]y4 ,! mo/ recognizable p]haps are ^? call$ 8,guantai10 signify+ rude1 ) angul> outl9es1 & 8,r9tai10 delicate1 supple & wavy1 l ! undulations ( a riv]4 ,9 ! 8,guantai0 motive we see ! angles ( ! rocks1 ev5 9 ! mo/ delicate folds ( drap]y4 ,9 8,r9tai0 no angle is visible4 ,"h wavelike ripples desc5d1 fl[+ ar\nd ! feet ( ! we>]4 ,9 ^! swirls ( drap]y are realiz$ ! ,buddhi/ conceptions ( ,life 9 ev]y?+1--! l9es are mov+1 s5ti5t1 & all b ! lead+ folds t det]m9e ! l9es ( ! figure are suppress$4 ,! ,japanese pa9t] kn[s t ! true ma/] selects1 does n draw all he sees1 b conc5trates 8 ef=ts t[>ds reproduc+ ! l9es ( movem5t1 & 9 figures1 ! l9es ( ! limbs & fl[+ drap]y4 ,9 _! designs = dresses ! arti/s ( ,ukiyo-ye emphasiz$ ! !orem t art is ! love ( c]ta9 balanc$ relations & proportions1 = !y plann$ dresses 9 :i* e sep>ate "p is weld$ into "o h>moni\s :ole4 ,!y solv$ !ories 9 col\r1 & delight$ 9 select+ z trials = _! skill ! mo/ unmanageable patt]ns1 su* z plaids & *ecks4 ,!y extoll$ 8,notan0 or ! decorative use ( values4 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,ladies4 ,by ,yei%i1 :o gave to 8 faces a my/ic1 ev5 religi\s expression1 l ! wom5 ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 ! be/ pr9ts ! decoration ( ! dress fits 9 ) ! s*eme ( ! picture4 ,m4 de ,gonc\rt says3 8,if ! figures are repres5t$ out ( doors1 fl[]s seem to be %$ ^u ! dresses1 z if ! we>] pass$ b5ea? blossom+ trees4 ,if ! arti/ pa9ts butt]flies on a co/ume1 !y h>monize ) ! backgr\nd4 ,if peonies are us$ he alt]nates _! :it5ess ) a purple t9t4 ,& h[ admirable is _! use ( relief6 ,^u a blue or mauve g[n1 h[ *>m+ is ! :ite relief ( an emboss$ *]ry petal1 & s m>vell\sly execut$ is ?is g(f]+1 t _m ( ! olde/ impressions reta9 ! impression z p]fectly z if only pr9t$ ye/]day40 ,utam>o at fir/ equall$ ,kiyonaga 9 ! maje/y ( 8 figures1 lat] he lo/ beauty & /r5g? 9 exagg]ation4 ,yei%i %[s a /rik+ resemblance to ,utam>o1 & he1 too1 foll[$ aft] ,kiyonaga3 8 /udies ( wom5 are not$ = _! ref9$ elegance4 ,yeis5 comp>es ) ,utam>o 9 ! grace ) :i* he portrays wom51 & ,yeizan's l9es are /rong]1 b %[ a m>k$ simil>ity4 ,h>tmann says3 8,! l9e> beauties ( ! repres5tations ( ,yeizan1 ,yei%i1 ,yeis51 impress "o l a ,naut*1 l "s languid ori5tal dance 9 :i* ! bodies undulate ) an almo/ imp]ceptible vibration4 ,! ,japanese see 9 a woman1 a glorification ( all beautiful ?+s--!y ev5 /udy ! natural grace ( ! will[1 plum & *]ry trees1 to f9d ! correct expression ( h] movem5ts40 ,toyokuni 0 ! ma/] ( mimetic art4 ,9 8 actor faces he runs ! gamut ( emotion1--jeal\sy1 passion1 fi5di% fury & conc5trat$ cunn+1 ru% at u f 8 pr9ts4 ,toyokuni1 ! ,m>ionette mak]1 =c$ life into ! =ms ( 8 puppets1 & lat] ! same p[] is %[n 9 8 designs = ! block4 ,l _m ( ! ,ukiyo-ye arti/s1 he employs c>icature1 b 8 figures are liv+1 s5ti5t4 ,m4 de ,gonc\rt says3 8,9 comp>+ two books by ,utam>o1 & ,toyokuni1 illu/rat+ ! occupations ( ! wom5 ( ! ,yo%iw>a ,toyokuni1 (t5 ! equal ( ,utam>o 9 8 tripty*s is beat5 by 8 rival4 ,8 wom5 h n ! elegance1 ! will[y grace1 ! figures ( ,utam>o possess1 nor _! respl5d5t p]sonality4 ,8 pictures lack ! _s1 ! life1 ! #8trick' ( voluptu\sness ( ! wom5 ( ! #8,fl[] ,qu>t]4' ,!n ! comic note :i* ,toyokuni s\ght = 9 repres5t+ ^! sc5es1 adds triviality to 8 "w4 ,9 %ort1 to judge betwe5 ! rival pa9t]s1 "o has only to place side by side a woman pa9t$ by ,utam>o & "o by ,toyokuni4 ,! fir/ is a little m>vel1 ! second only a commonplace pr9t40 ,kunisada foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 ma/] ,toyokuni1 add+ *>m+ backgr\nds1 :i* he borr[$ f ,hiro%ige2 9 fact1 ! ,hiro%ige are said to h suppli$ _m backgr\nds to ! pr9ts ( ,kunisada & ,kuniyo%i4 ,hokusai us$ all me?ods1 ackn[l$g$ no s*ool4 ,8 l9es fl[+ out ( ! prescrib$ limits h9t at va/ /ret*es ( c\ntry4 ,swirls ( waves foam up 9 ! impressions1 supply+ an alphabet ( motion4 ,9 ,mang-wa is bl5t sweetness & p[]1 /ructure & ! fundam5tal vital motive1 und]ly+ all art4 ,:5 work+ = ! engrav] he 0 concise1 rapid & impulsive1 b :5 contemplat+ nature he sket*$ 9 fre$om1--8 execution became fairylike4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,actor 9 ! ,miyako ,dance4 ,by ,%unko1 pupil ( ,%un%o1 nicknam$ ,ko-tsubo1 or 8,! ,little ,j>10 f ! seal us$ by 8 ma/]4 ,! l&scape ( ,hiro%ige1 ?\gh conf9$ to ! n>r[ range ( ! wood-cut1 h all ! qualities ( ,impressionism1 ! details are subord9at$1 only ! sali5t po9ts ( ! sc5e be+ repres5t$1 b ! atmosph]e supplies :at is lack+1 & ?is incommunicable1 subtle gift1 ! bir?right ( ! arti/s1 enabl$ !m to conjure liv+ pictures f ! h>d m$ium ( ! wood5 block4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ive comp>isons betwe5 ! ma/]s ( ,ukiyo-ye1 k9dly volunte]$ by ,mr4 ,morgan ,%ep>d1 are full ( value to ! /ud5t1 z ! individual op9ion ( a ref9$ amateur & art critic4 ,( ,h>unobu he says3 8,?\gh f ! po9t ( proportion 8 figures seem to lack te*nic1 ! nave artlessness ( 8 l9es p]fectly satisfies u4 ,9 ?is purpose ( simplicity !y almo/ sugge/ ! qualities ( ! fresco "w by ! e>ly ,tuscan ma/]s1 :5 ! _s 0 /riv+ = expression & work+ out individuality along its own spiritual l9es4 ,! vig\r ( 8 /roke impresses "o z be+ untraditional4 8,9 ! figure ( ! ,danc] by ,%unko1 ! pupil ( ,%un%o1 we obs]ve t1 al?\gh ?r\gh tra9+ & tradition ! pupil has ga9$ a great] facility1 yet ! simplicity ( ! ma/] is lo/ 9 an excess ( elaboration4 ,! l9es resemble ^? ( ,%un%o1 ?\gh !re is m uni=mity ( /roke1 ) a great] delicacy1 b ! simplicity ( ! fir/ arti/ is m]g$ 9 decorative purpose4 ,%un%o is di/9ctly simple & 8 l9es h a bl5d$ quality ( relation1 giv+ a s5se ( repose :i* 9 ! pupil is obscur$ by ! t5d5cy to elaborate4 8,9 epitomiz+ ! c>d9al qualities express$ 9 ! ,utam>o pr9ts1 ! mo/ m>k$ is ! sugge/ion ( subjective1 unconsci\s skill t gives no impress ( ! objective4 ,ea* l9e seems to come directly f ! f\nta9-head ( ! man's spiritual or s\l nature1 ?\gh ?is v s\l nature expresses itself (t5 along s5sual l9es4 ,inde$1 7 ! arti/ less ( a spiritual g5ius1 he w\ld (t5 become revolt+ly s5sual4 ,to ! casual obs]v] ! l9es ( ,utam>o %[ wond]ful facility1 & /ill great] delicacy1 yet we _c b obs]ve und]ly+ all 8 art1 especially 9 its lat] phases1 ?is subtle s5suality4 ,! l[] drap]ies ( ! ,utam>o figures h an almo/ ins9uat+ fullness4 8,! compositions ( ,yei%i1 ^u sup]ficial /udy1 sugge/ m>k$ facility & ev5 "s orig9ality 9 l9e composition1 ) "h & !re an ecc5tricity :i* gives "* to 8 treatm5t4 ,! l9es seem to be inv>iably broad & op5ly express$4 ,!y lack ! /rong p]sonality & vigor\s treatm5t ( ,hokusai1 ! sugge/ive delicacy & voluptu\sness ( ,utam>o1 b seem to embody ! vigor\s calligraphic /roke ( ,kiyonaga4 ,we c place ,yei%i ^u a plane ( individuality because ( 8 s5sitive temp]am5t :i* seem$ to be influ5c$ by 8 environm5t & 8 ma/] tea*]4 ,?is v>i$ individuality 0 accompani$ by a t5d5cy t[>ds imitation1 yet a g5]\s discrim9ation w\ld conc$e to him facility1 te*nic1 ref9em5t & r>e judgm5t4 8,! l9es ( ,toyokuni %[ te*nical skill1 & 8 calligraphic /roke is simple & vigor\s1 yet he lacks ! spiritual & sugge/ive delicacy ( ,utam>o1 giv+ ! impression t ext]nalities influ5c$ him1 r ?an ! f9] %ades ( arti/ic int]pretation4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,sn[/orm4 ,by ,kitugawa ,yeizan4 ,8 be/ "w is hi/rionic & is full ( individuality1 break+ ?r\gh ! traditional /age attitudes1 :i* impress$ ! arti/s :o develop$ along 8 l9es4 8,yeizan's treatm5t is peculi>ly 8 own1 hav+ a simplicity almo/ am\nt+ to awkw>dness express$ 9 a res]ve ( treatm5t4 ,! casual obs]v] is impress$ by a s5se ( incomplet5ess1 b ?is is ov]come :5 ! simple h>mony ( ! l9es is not$4 ,yeizan inv>iably breaks loose f 8 fir/ res]ve4 ,beg9n+ v c>efully he gradually loses 8 con/ra9t1 & ! l[] "p ( 8 drap]y %[s great] impulse ( treatm5t4 8,! "w ( ,yeis51 %[+ mu* ( ,utam>o's facility1 ) a t\* ( ! vig\r ( ,kiyonaga1 is yet di/9ctly conceiv$ along traditional l9es4 ,x be>s ! /rong impress ( decorative s5se1 b nev]!less ! l9es1 ?\gh simple & well controll$1 %[ r ! f9i%$ ma/] ( te*nic ?an ! orig9ative m9d4 ,9 ,yeis5 we are less consci\s ( t emanat+ quality ( orig9ality & =ceful p]sonality t we feel 9 ,h>unobu1 ,hokusai & ,utam>o40 ,9 analyz+ ! composition ( ! celebrat$ "w by ,hokusai1 reproduc$ on ! opposite page1 ,mr4 ,%ep>d comm5ts3 8,9 ?is1 z 9 all ,hokusai's pictures1 we note ! comb9ation ( vig\r & g5tl5ess1 *>act]i/ic aggression & ins9uat+ sugge/ion1 an absolutely ma/]ly t\*1 & yet pa9/ak+ 9 m9uti4 ,! poise ( ! figure is admirable & absolutely satisfy+ 9 all matt]s ( draw+4 ,! treatm5t ( ! waves1 :i* are peculi>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! ma/]'s t\*1 9 _! foamy sputt] sugge/ a comp>ison ) ! /r5g? ( ,hiro%ige's huge bill[s1 maje/ic 9 _! oily smoo?ness & sweep+ grace4 ,giv+ ! impression ( ! middle di/ance1 ! arti/ has delicately approa*$ ) ! mo/ wond]ful ease1 ! vapory sugge/ion ( ! di/ant m\nta9 l9e4 ,he slips f ! vig\r ( ! =egr\nd ) a p>allel /roke ( a/oni%+ fre$om1 seem+ almo/ to rema9 pois$1 s t we rea* )\t viol5ce ! fa9tly sugge/$ di/ance z if we _h unconsci\sly slid f reality into dreaml&1 unkn[+ ( ! transition4 ,hokusai possesses a ma/]ly te*nic1 a *>act]i/ic vig\r1 imag9ation1 delicacy (ttimes oppos$ by a brutal rugg$ness1 & above all a p]vad+ s5se ( hum\r40 ,illu/ration3 ,"o ( ! ,?irty-six ,views ( ,m\nt ,fuji4 ,by ,hokusai4 ,h9ts to ,collectors ( ,ukiyo-ye ,gems4 ,to truly appreciate ,japanese pr9ts1 a k ( ! language ( ! block mu/ fir/ be acquir$1 !n ! pursuit has an indescribable *>m1 inexplicable except+ to ! initiat$1 b to ^? :o h fall5 "u ! spell1 ! love ( ,ukiyo-ye gems becomes a v]itable passion4 ,! collector ( old pr9ts mu/ be guid$ 9 8 selection by ! quality ( ! pap]1 :i* %\ld be s(t & vibrant1 ! fibr\s t5tacles ^u its surface (t5 =m+ %ad[s :]e x has be5 expos$ to ! du/4 ,! regi/] mu/ be p]fect1 ea* col\r be+ conf9$ absolutely to its prescrib$ space4 ,p]fection 9 ! regi/] is an infallible guide1 & pr9ts ) a p]fect regi/] w increase 9 value4 ,! col\rs mu/ be s(t & melt+1 9 _m cases "o tone %ad+ into ano!r1 n h>%ly det]m9$ by ! l9es ( ! block1 z 9 ev5 ! mo/ beautiful reproductions4 ,! florid col\r+ ( ! lat] impressions by ! ,hiro%ige are notable examples ( ! det]ioration caus$ by ! use ( *eap pigm5ts & ! ha/e ( ! pr9t] :o _h to supply ! increas+ dem& = *eap pictures4 ,!re are (t5 exquisite examples ( col\r+ to be f\nd among ! lat] impressions f ! old blocks1 b ! lovely col\rs & nuances ( col\rs conjur$ by ! arti/s1 design]s & pr9t]s 9 lov+ collaboration1 be=e comm]cialism _h invad$ ,japan1 c nev] be se5 aga91 ev5 z ! disciples ( ,william ,morris seem unable to reproduce ! beautiful %ades :i* ! g5ius ( ! ma/] workman evolv$ f ! dye+-vat4 ,bibliography1 = ,use ( ,/ud5ts4 ,&]son1 ,william3 ,pictorial ,arts ( ,japan4 7,london3 ,sampson ,l[1 #ahhf47 ,&]son1 ,william3 ,japanese ,wood ,engrav+s3 ,_! ,hi/ory1 ,te*nique & ,*>act]i/ics4 7,london3 ,portfolio1 #ahie47 ,b+1 ,s43 ,arti/ic ,japan3 ,compil$ by ,s4 ,b+1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,wm4 ,&]son1 ,t4 ,haya%i1 ,e4 de ,gonc\rt1 & o!rs4 7,new ,york3 ,br5tano's1 #e ,union ,squ>e47 ,f5ollosa1 ,erne/ ,francisco3 ,an ,outl9e ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,ukiyo-ye4 7,tokyo3 ,kobaya%i47 ,f5ollosa1 ,m>y ,mc,neil3 ,hiro%ige1 ! ,arti/ ( ,mi/1 ,sn[1 & ,ra94 7,san ,francisco1 #aija47 ,gonc\rt1 ,e4 de3 ,outam>o1 ,le ,pe9tre des ,maisons ,v]tes4 7,p>is3 #aa ,rue de ,gr5elle1 #ahia47 ,gonse1 ,l\is3 ,l',art ,japonais4 7,p>is3 ,a4 ,qu>t91 #ahhc47 ,h>tmann1 ,sadaki*i3 ,japanese ,art4 7,bo/on3 ,page ,co41 #aijd47 ,haya%i1 ,t43 ,catalogue ( ! ,haya%i ,collection1 ) ,illu/rations4 7,p>is1 #aijb47 ,holmes1 ,c4 ,j43 ,hokusai4 7,london3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co41 #aija47 ,hui%1 ,m>cus ,b43 ,japan & ,its ,art4 7,london3 ,! ,f9e ,arts ,society1 #ahic47 ,j>ves1 ,james ,jackson3 ,a ,glimpse ( ! ,art ( ,japan4 7,new ,york1 #ahge47 ,okakura1 ,kakuzo3 ,essays on ,japanese ,art1 9 8,japan10 edit$ by ,f4 ,br9kley4 ,also3 ,japanese ,pictorial ,art1 9 ,vol4 #g1 8,japan & ,*9a10 by ,f4 ,br9kley4 7,bo/on & ,tokyo3 ,j4 ,b4 ,millet ,co47 ,pepp]1 ,*>les ,hovey3 ,japanese ,pr9ts4 7,bo/on3 ,walt] ,kimball ,company47 ,p]zynski1 ,fri$ri*3 ,f>b5holzs*nitt ,d] japanis*e ,f>b5holzs*nitt4 7,b]l947 ,revon1 ,mi*el3 ,etude ,sur ,hok'sai4 7,p>is1 #ahif47 ,seidlitz1 ,w4 von3 ,ges*i*te des japanis*5 ,f>b5holzs*nitts4 7,dresd53 ,g]h>d ,kuhtmann1 #ahig47 ,/range1 ,edw>d ,f43 ,japanese ,illu/ration4 7,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons1 #aijd47 ,/range1 ,edw>d ,f43 ,col\r ,pr9ts ( ,japan4 7,langham ,s]ies ( ,art ,monographs4 ,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 #aijd47 ,fac-similes ( ! mo/ fam\s ,signatures ( ,ukiyo-ye ,arti/s4 ,hi%ikawa ,moronobu4 #afdc-agaa-ac4 ,okumura ,masanobu4 #afij-agbj4 ,suzuki ,h>unobu4 #agdg-ahah4 ,koriusai4 #agfj4 ,%un%o4 ,di$ #agib4 ,iitsu 7,hokusai74 #agfj-ahdi4 ,hokusai4 #agfj-ahdi4 ,gakio ,roj9 ,manji 7,hokusai74 #agfj-ahdi4 ,hok'kei4 #aghj-ahef-i4 ,kiyonaga4 ,di$ #ahad4 ,utam>o4 #aged-ahjf4 ,toyokuni4 #agfh-ahbe4 ,kikugawa ,yeizan4 ,fl\ri%$ #ahaj-cj4 ,kunisada4 #aghe-ahfd4 ,yei%i4 ,fl\ri%$ #aged-ahje4 ,keisei ,yeis54 #agij-ahdh4 ,kuniyo%i4 #ahjj-ahfa4 ,hiro%ige4 #agic-aheh-fj4 ,hiro%ige4 #agic-aheh-fj4 ,index ,page ,b5i1 #bb1 #ci ,botticelli1 #ac ,brunt1 ,h5ry ,van1 #cb ,*ild1 ,!odore1 #bd ,*o ,d5su1 #f ,*romo-xylography1 #bg ,cimabue1 #g ,crane1 ,walt]1 #d ,danjuro1 #bf ,eta1 #be ,=ty-sev5 ,ron91 #ad ,g5roku1 #ac ,giorgione1 #bd ,giotto1 #g ,guantai1 #gj ,h>unobu1 ,suzuki1 #bc-bf ,haya%i1 ,t41 #ch ,heizei1 #c ,hiro%ige1 #cd1 #eg ,hog51 #g ,hokusai1 #cd1 #dg ,it*o1 #ac ,iyemitsu1 #ca ,jip5%a1 ,ikk\1 #cf ,josetsu1 #d ,kako1 #bj ,kano1 #c1 #d1 #e ,kanaoka1 #cj ,k5zan1 #ac ,kitao1 #bi ,kiyomasu1 ,torii1 #bb ,kiyomitsu1 ,torii1 #bf ,kiyonaga1 ,torii1 #cb1 #cc ,kiyonobu1 ,torii1 #bf ,kor91 #ac ,koriusai1 #bh-cc ,kozo1 #ci ,kunisada1 #bj ,kuranosuki1 #af ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 #ac-ad ,la ,f>ge1 #cj ,mang-wa1 #ed ,matahei1 #h-i ,masanobu1 #e-f ,meiji1 #h ,m+ ,dyna/y1 #b ,mit=d1 #ad ,miyagawa ,*o%un1 #ba ,mitsunobu1 #g ,mitsunori1 #i ,motomitsu1 #c ,moronobu1 #f1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #bj1 #ba ,motonobu1 #e1 #f1 #g ,ni%iki-ye1 #bb ,no ,kagura1 #be ,notan1 #gj ,okio1 #cj1 #ca ,okumura ,masanobu1 #bb ,otsu-ye1 #aj ,pat]1 #b1 #bd ,popul> ,s*ool1 #b1 #h1 #i1 #cj ,regi/]1 #gg ,r5aissance1 #f ,r9tai1 #gj ,rusk91 #dj ,ses%iu1 #ea ,sekiy51 #ch ,%igemasa1 #bi ,%ig5aga1 #bc ,%oguns1 #d1 #dh ,%unro1 #dg-ej ,%un%o1 #bf-bi1 #di ,%unsui1 #bb ,sotatsu1 #ac ,suk5obu1 #bi ,sumi-ye1 #ba ,tan-ye1 #ba1 #ci ,tanyu1 #aa ,tokugawa1 #ac ,torii ,s*ool1 #ba-cd ,tosa ,s*ool1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #i ,toyoh>u1 #bi ,toyokuni1 #cc1 #dd ,toyonobu1 #bi ,tsunetaka1 #d ,utagawa1 #bi ,utam>o1 #bj1 #cc1 #ce-df ,uy5o1 #ej ,yamato1 #c ,yeis51 #ge ,yei%i1 #ga ,yeitoku1 #i ,yeizan1 #ga1 #ge ,yo%iw>a1 #cf-cg ,illu/ration3 ,surimono3 ,! 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