,music z a ,human ,ne$                  
,a ,,plea ,,= ,,free ,,national         
,,in/ruction ,,9                        
,,music4                                
,,by                   ,alma ,web/]     
,p[ell1 ,a4,m41 ,mus4,b41 ,,ll4,b4      
,submitt$ 9 ,p>tial ,fulfilm5t ( !      
,requirem5ts                  ,= !      
,degree ( ,doctor ( ,philosophy         
9 !                       ,faculty (    
,political ,sci5ce                      
,columbia ,univ]sity4                   
,,new ,,york                            
#aiad                     ,?is "w is    
gratefully d$icat$ to my husb&1         
,mr4 ,a4 ,judson ,p[ell                 
,copyright1 #aiad1 by ,alma ,web/]      
,p[ell                                  
,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts                   
,,page      ,preface                    
#e-ag        ,,"p ,i4--,,! ,,!sis4      
,,*apt] ,i4      ,music z a ,human ,ne$ 
#ai        ,,*apt] ,,ii4      ,music &  
,motion                                 
#ca        ,,*apt] ,,iii4      ,gr\p &  

,individual ,reaction to ,music         
#da        ,,*apt] ,,iv4                
,toneurology3 ,a ,new ,bran* ( ,/udy    
#ef        ,,"p ,,ii4--,,!              
,,int]-,,reactions ,,( ,,music ,,&      
,,national ,,life4      ,,*apt] ,v4     
,italy 7#ahjj-aiac7                     
#fa        ,,*apt] ,,vi4      ,engl&    
7#ahjj-aiac7                            
#fh        ,,*apt] ,,vii4      ,g]many  
7#ahjj-aiac7                            
#ga        ,,*apt] ,,viii4      ,france 
7#ahjj-aiac7                            
#ha        ,,*apt] ,,ix4      ,unit$    
,/ates 7#ahjj-aiac7                     
#ia      ,,app5dices4      ,app5dix     
,a4--,que/ionnaire                      
#ig      ,app5dix ,b4--,s\rces (        
,/ati/ical ,mat]ial                     
#ii      ,app5dix ,c4--,tabulation (    
,=eign ,/ate ,subv5tions                
#aja      ,app5dix ,d4--,notes on !     
,tabulation ( ,=eign ,/ate              
,subv5tions                             
#ajc      ,app5dix ,e4--,communications 

#aab      ,app5dix ,f4--,bibliography   
#ach      ,vita                         
#adc      ,index                        
#add                                    
,,preface      ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 !     
foll[+ pages political & economic  ev5ts
 are pres5t$ 9 _! aspect (              
emotion-produc+ =ces 9  social pressure1
 ) b scant att5tion to _! o!r values4   
,an  artificially selective process mu/ 
also be ackn[l$g$ 9 t1 (  ^? ev5ts only 
su* z seem to h produc$ a direct        
emotional  reaction ^u a p h be5        
consid]$4 ,^? long cont9u$  economic    
movem5ts :i* produc$ no sudd5 *anges h n
 be5  tak5 into acc\nt1 because :at may 
be t]m$ _! di/urb+  effects 7 too       
gradual to all[ ( _! be+ includ$ among  
specific emotion-mak+ =ces#a2 sl[ *anges
 are n s5s$ by :ole  peoples4 ,un$ucat$ 
masses1 especially1 d n become consci\s 
(  progressive movem5ts until _! effects
 are s app>5t z to require  consid]ation
 by reason ( ar\s$ emotional reaction4  
,! hi/ory (  a sl[ transition1 !re=e1   

may be = ! sci5tific purposes (  ?is    
inve/igation unimportant z comp>$ ) !   
some:at dislocat$  p]turbance1 :i*      
result$ at ! mom5t :5 ! ev5ts "u        
consid]ation 7 happ5+1 & call+ =? a     
reaction def9itely  emotional4 ,moreov]1
 at su* a precise mom5t1 ! ev5ts may h  
be5 rais$ to social consci\sness1 n z !y
 appe> to u 9 !  cle> aft]light (       
sci5tific attitude & hi/orical accuracy1
 b z  popul> concepts ( ! mom5t1 hav+   
p[] to ar\se int5se national  emotional 
reaction2 simil> rec5t popul> waves (   
feel+1 due n  to facts z !y are1 b to   
popul> conceptions ( su* facts1 w       
readily occur to ea* read]4    ,) ?is   
w>n+ t n ! dignity ( hi/ory1 b !        
int5sity  ( public emotionalism is )9 ! 
purview & area ( our  inve/igation1 we  
may proce$ to a /atem5t ( ! me?od & ( ! 
g5]al !sis4    ,! me?od to be pursu$1 is
 to exam9e contemporane\s & concurr5t   
public ev5ts & emotion products1 z      
express$ 9 ,music4    ,! results        
indicat$ may be giv5 a prelim9>y /atem5t

 z foll[s3     #a4 ,agitation is a cause
 ( pulse di/urbance4     #b4 ,suffici5t 
agitation produces fatal di/urbance (   
bodily rhy?m4     #c4 ,all /rong        
emotions are di/urb]s ( rhy?mic motion  
?r\gh\t   ! body4     #d4 ,rhy?mic      
motion1 too (t5 di/urb$1 leads to       
abnormal m5tal &   physical conditions4 
#e4 ,civilization con/antly 8di/urbs0 ! 
bodily rhy?m4     #f4 ,! political &    
indu/rial tr\bles ( a nation are signs (
   national 8di/urbance0 ( rhy?m4       
#g4 ,music1 closely express+ ! emotional
 life ( ea* p]iod1 is   ! unconsci\s    
application ( a rem$y to a human ne$ (  
rhy?mic   /imulus4    ,^! po9ts are "p (
 ! g5]al !sis1 :i* may be /at$ 9 !      
foll[+ t]ms3 ,,music ,,is ,a ,,human    
,,ne$1 ,,increas+ ,,& ,,decreas+ ,,)    
,,social ,,pressure4    ,! t5d5cy ( a   
gr\p 9 ea* /age ( human developm5t1 is  
to  produce ,music fitt+ ! "* ( ! social
 di/urbances (  its "t1 & communities   
:i* mo/ fully meet ?is ne$ ( rhy?m  by  
national culture ( ,music1 t5d to       

pres]ve = long] p]iods1  ! s]5ity ( !   
public m9d4 ,?us x w be se5 t national  
control & support ( ,music may be assum$
 to be a national duty4 ,?is  control & 
support w aid 9 ! pres]vation ( a heal?y
 /ate (  ! public m9d4 ,su* a condition 
w make m effective all o!r  ef=ts = !   
abolition ( discont5t1 disease1 vice &  
crim9ality4    ,national culture &      
support ( ,music are effective means (  
ex]cis+  social control1 because ( !    
calm+ influ5ce ( ,music ^u  di/urb$     
?\ght4 ,su* an influ5ce is a mo/        
necess>y "o at !  pres5t /age ( m5tal   
agitation4 ,e/abli%$ )9 di/urb$ zones1  
national in/itutions = free musical     
in/ruction w\ld place a *eck  ^u /ra9$  
intellectualism1 ) its brood (          
idea-mon/rosities1  s9ce ,music w\ld    
cause a relaxation ( m5tal conc5tration4
 ,x is a  matt] ( exp]i5ce1 t relaxation
 ( t5sion g5]ally accompanies  ! yield+ 
( ! excit$ m9d to musical rhy?m4        
,fur!rmore1 !re are o!r & n             
inconsid]able argum5ts =  ! national    

support ( ,music4 ,on acc\nt ( ! great  
exp5se ( a  musical education1 mu*      
promis+ ,am]ican tal5t is n[ depriv$  ( 
cultivation4 ,to all p]sons evid5c+ m>k$
 musical ability1  & %[+ !mselves wor?y 
( aid1 ?is ri* c\ntry %\ld give         
national support4    ,am]ican national  
in/ruction 9 ,music is also a duty to   
,am]ican  indu/ry because su* in/ruction
 w\ld op5 ! employm5t field 9  ,music to
 ,am]ican wage e>n]s4 ,"s idea ( ! am\nt
 ( private  bus9ess along ?is l9e may be
 ga9$ f ! foll[+3                       
,,music ,,9 ,,! ,,we/4#b     ,if music  
seems a ne$less luxury to "s1 :at w !y  
?9k (   ! cold economic fact ( ,*icago  
sp5d+ #cj1jjj1jjj 9 "o ye>   = musical  
in/rum5ts ( all k9ds1 %eet music1       
music-books1   musical supplies1 & music
 lessons8 ,?is figure is 8bas$ on       
reliable   in=mation10 says ,mr4 ,d4 ,a4
 ,clipp+]1 9 ,! ,musician 7,bo/on71   & 
he intimates t ?is ye>ly exp5diture ( "o
 ,we/]n city   is only typical ( :at !  
great expanse ( our c\ntry beyond !     

,appala*ians is do+4 ,x w be obs]v$ t   
?is sum does n   include :at is sp5t to 
he> music1 b to ga9 in/ruction 9 x4     
,at pres5t ,am]ica is oblig$ to dep5d   
bo? = h] be/ ,music &  musical          
in/ruction l>gely ^u =eign tal5t4 ,)    
national support  ( h] own tal5t1 ?is   
deplorable condition w\ld soon cease4   
,?is  w\ld also free ,am]icans f        
absolute dep5d5ce ^u private            
in/itutions4    ,music has also become  
an important indu/ry1 employ+ a va/     
numb]  ( ag5ts4 ,x is high "t t ?is     
employm5t 7 plac$ )9  rea* ( ,am]ican   
labor4 ,su* an end c be atta9$ only by  
furni%+  adequate tra9+ = ?is skill$ "w4
 ,at pres5t =eign]s are !  ag5ts = !    
satisfaction ( ?is ne$ = rhy?m 9        
or*e/ras1  b&s1 hotels1 re/aurants1 *ur*
 *oirs1 /udios1 clubs1 /eam%ips1  op]as 
& at social functions4 ,an important    
wage e>n+ occupation is  ?us out ( rea* 
( our own tal5t4    ,x may be argu$ t   
consid]able exp5se is already incurr$ by
  municipalities & /ates1 = tra9+ 9     

musical appreciation 9 !  =m ( conc]ts1 
public s*ool in/ruction1 p>k b&s1 etc4  
,^!  exp5ses are admitt$ly v l>ge & yet 
:at is _! productive  value along ! l9e 
( musical in/ruction8 ,:at is ! real    
value1  = in/ance1 ( ! _m ?\s&s ( doll>s
 annually exp5d$ ^u  public ,music 9 a  
city l ,new ,york8 ,! educat$ li/5] f9ds
 !  programs faulty1 fall+ f> %ort ( a  
true expression ( a compos]'s  idea1    
:ile to ! un$ucat$ he>]1 x is pr9cipally
 a div]sion  ( 8 att5tion1 )\t tea*+ him
 any?+4 ,! e/abli%m5t (  musical        
dep>tm5ts 9 colleges w nev] be able to  
meet ?is cry+  ne$4 ,! majority ( !     
in/itutions :i* dep5d ev5 9 "p ^u       
tuition-fees receiv$ f _! pupils1 rea* !
 lea/ ne$y ( our  p1 & sometimes ! lea/ 
tal5t$4 ,:]e ! indu/rial %oe  p9*es !   
h>de/1 !re is :]e ! national social or  
political  dang] lies1 & !re is :]e !   
ne$ is greate/4 ,:]e ! social  pressure 
is mo/ felt1 !re is =m$ a m9e ( musical 
diamonds4  ,nei!r ! city nor ! /ate c s 
control musical developm5t1 z  to       

produce a national type 9 musical       
composition4 ,music is a univ]sal  ne$1 
passionately crav$ by ! nation's *ildr54
 ,h5ce our f$]al  gov]nm5t %\ld att5d to
 ?is dem&1 :i* is becom+ m &  m insi/5t 
e day1 indicative ( a national want4 ,we
 v5ture !  n idle prophecy1 t ! :ole    
,am]ican nation w\ld *e]fully  be> a    
tax1 = s good a "w z ! e/abli%m5t (     
national free  s*ools ( ,music all ov]  
our l&4 ,t ,european c\ntries h         
recogniz$ ?is ne$ is %[n by ! /ati/ics  
:i* w be f\nd  bel[4#c ,^! /ati/ics 7 v 
difficult to procure1 & are  r surpris+ 
9 cont5t4    ,a copy ( ! que/ionnaire   
s5t out w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,a4  ,!    
nations f :om we expect$ ! lea/         
exp5diture = musical  culture1 7 f\nd to
 be ! mo/ lavi%4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates /&s   
ap>t f ! _w's array ( musical patrons4  
,! rec5t int]e/ 9  ,indian & ,negro     
,music may1 h[ev]1 prove an ent]+ w$ge  
to a wid]  cultivation ( our national   
musical res\rces4 ,our ,/ate univ]sities
  & our public s*ools are in/itutions ( 

:i* ! nation is ju/ly  pr\d4 ,:y n op5  
y\r arms a little wid]1 g5]\s ,am]ica1 &
  take into y\r embrace y\r own fair    
musical *ild1 n[ s weak &  puny1 b full 
( promise = ! future8 ,! hope ( ! writ] 
is1  t ?is cry w be he>d by ! nation's  
head4    ,) su* national support 9 view1
 we h ga!r$ our /ati/ics4  ,city v5tures
 are n consid]$2 p>k b&s1 milit>y b&s1#d
 new  build+s = national musical        
academies1 9 %ort1 all outlays =  ,music
 n t5d+ to contribute directly t[>d !   
musical education  ( ! p "u             
consid]ation1 are omitt$4 ,?us ! l>ge   
contributions ( cities = public         
ent]ta9m5ts are left out ( our          
calculation entirely4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates  
has n fall5 into l9e )  ,european       
c\ntries 9 national culture ( ,music1 b 
probably ?is is  simply because !       
att5tion ( our nation has n hi!rto be5  
call$  to ,music z a heal? measure4 ,too
 mu* ink has fl[$ 9 describ+  ,music z a
 div]sion1 z an amusem5t1 z an ideal1 z 
a sup]flu\s  luxury1 :]eas no great]    

physical & m5tal ne$ exi/s1 ?an !       
unconsci\s physical ne$ ( rhy?m1 !      
consci\s physical ne$ (  ,music4    ,!  
_w1 x is true1 may n at once accept !   
!ory ( 8rhy?m0  h]e9 set =?4 ,an        
inve/igation ( x1 h[ev]1 w\ld br+ ab\t  
"s new & int]e/+ discov]ies1 9 reg>d to 
unsuspect$ effects  ( ,music ^u ! n]v\s 
sy/em4 ,9 any case1 ,music is a wond]   
work]  :i* %\ld n[ occupy ! att5tion (  
sociologi/s1 psy*ologi/s1  & physicians4
    ,music has be5 g5]ally reg>d$ z !   
language ( ! emotions1 b  x has nev] be5
 det]m9$ :y ^! emotions1 hav+ art1      
poetry1  ! dance1 & _m o!r means (      
p>tial expression1 s insi/5tly  require 
s\nd = complete self-realization4 ,!    
beat ( ! pulse  & ! measure 9 ,music are
 simil> rhy?mic expressions1 b !  close 
relation ( "o to ! o!r has h]et(ore be5 
ignor$4 ,yet  gr\ps h a pulse2 hi/ory   
has a pulse2 ! ph5om5a ( ! physical     
univ]se h a pulse2 all life             
manife/ations are demon/rations (  pulse
 action4    ,:at becomes ( ! c\ntless   

millions ( musical s\nd vibrations s5t  
into space by ! or*e/ral p]=mances 9 a  
great city8 ,are !y all  impot5t1 rea*+ 
only to ! auditory organs1 & dy+ !re8   
,or  d !y actually ent] ! human sy/em & 
set to _! own p]fect  rhy?m1 all ( !    
discordant motions !re9 enc\nt]$8 ,d !y 
n  8act z /imuli on ! s5sitive          
psy*oplasm & effect *anges 9 its        
molecul> composition80#e    ,all rhy?m1 
h[ev] divid$1 is p]fect motion4 ,rhy?m1 
act+ ^u  a di/urb$ motion1 t5ds to      
impose its own motion ^u ! discord1  if 
/rong] ?an ! di/urbance enc\nt]$4 ,?is  
!ory n only  imputes a high] mission to 
,music ?an has h]et(ore be5 realiz$1  b 
also acc\nts = ph5om5a ( organiz$ s\nd  
vibrations1 & =  ! crav+ ( all human    
life = ,music4 ,?is passionate desire = 
,music is an e/abli%$ fact1 & x rema9s b
 to %[ ! ne$ (  ?is inspir+ s\nd        
/imulus1 9 ord] to place ,music 9 ! li/ 
(  recogniz$ national necessities4    ,!
 will+ response ( ,au/ria1 ,bav>ia1     
,belgium1 ,d5m>k1 ,engl&1  ,equador1    

,france1 ,holl&1 ,hung>y1 ,italy1       
,norway1 ,russia1 ,saxony1  ,sw$5 & !   
,unit$ ,/ates to ! au?or's reque/ =     
musical  /ati/ics m]its special m5tion4 
,prussia alone ( ! nations appli$  to = 
/ati/ics appe>$ ei!r unwill+1 or unable 
to furni% !  same reg>d+ h] national    
support ( ,music4 ,! au?or %>$ !  g5]al 
op9ion t ,prussia l$ ! _w 9 ?is field4  
,b al?\gh  reque/$ ?r\gh prop] (ficial  
*annels1 f sev]al influ5tial  qu>t]s1 no
 response 0 obta9$4 ,a cable f ! ,unit$ 
,/ates  ,consul 9 ,b]l9 says t ! musical
 8/ati/ics are unavailable40  ,! lett] f
 ! ,m9i/] ( ,saxony may give "s insight 
into !  real condition ( ,g]man musical 
support1 & z su* x is add$ 9  ,app5dix  
,e4#f    ,! ,appeal 9 ?is "w is = a     
sy/em ( public musical in/ruction  ^u ! 
pr9ciples gov]n+ our public s*ool       
managem5t4 ,?is w\ld  be a /ep 9 advance
 ( ! sy/ems ( gov]nm5tal support (      
musical  in/itutions1 z repres5t$ 9 !   
/ati/ics includ$ 9 ?is "w1  :i* sy/ems  
g5]ally place a small *>ge ^u ^? pupils 

:o are  able to pay4 ,all ( ^!          
in/itutions admit to full privileges    
free  ( any *>ge1 ! exceptionally tal5t$
 among ! poor4 ,! object  ( ea* su*     
in/itution z we advocate1 %\ld be !     
support1 by  ! gov]nm5t1 ( native       
musical tal5t1 )\t reg>d to pr(it or    
loss 9 ! managem5t4 ,music is "o ( ^?   
sci5ces :i* d n  attract ! untal5t$ to  
_! /udy1 &1 ?is be+ ! case1 little  loss
 ( in/ruction is involv$4 ,! prop] /udy 
( ,music includes s  _m ( ! regul>      
public s*ool /udies1 & s mu* ( ! elem5ts
  ( high] education1 z ,psy*ology1      
,biology1 ,sociology1 ,physics1         
,economics1 ,social ,legislation1       
,hi/ory1 ,languages1 ,lit]ature1        
,physical  ,tra9+1 ,self-,control1 to   
say no?+ ( ! ma!matical /udies  includ$ 
9 su* bran*es z or*e/ration1 h>mony1    
c\nt]po9t1  etc41 t a model musical     
college w\ld furni% an education &      
culture1 f> m b5eficial to individuals &
 ! gr\p1 ?an is  (f]$ by "s ( ! pres5t  
sy/ems ( education4 ,! imm$iate  co/    

w\ld be imm5se1 b ! au?or is conv9c$ t  
?is outlay  w\ld br+ quick returns1 9   
decreas+ co/s = ! protection (  ! native
 individual1 f _m ( ! effects ( n]ve    
d]angem5t  9 *ildr5 & 9 adults1 9 less5+
 discont5t1 riots1 antagonism  betwe5   
labor & capital1 & _m manife/ations (   
p>tial insanity4  ,9 %ort1 su* a sy/em  
is a prime factor 9 social control1 to !
  lack ( :i* may be ascrib$ 9 "s measure
 ! pres5t p]il to  civilization4    ,we 
take ?is opportunity to express our     
indebt$ness = ! /ati/ics  furni%$ 9 ea* 
case to ! foll[+ g5tlem51 :o1 ei!r 9  _!
 (ficial or 9 a private capacity1 repli$
 to ! que/ionnaire  submitt$1 & ^:      
co-op]ation has be5 invaluable 9 our    
attempt  to pres5t ! mo/ rec5t          
conditions ( ,/ate-aid$ ,music abroad3  
,wilhelm ,bopp1 ,director ( ! ,imp]ial &
 ,royal ,academy ( ,music  & ,f9e ,arts1
 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria2 ,m4 ,/e9]1 ,m9i/] ( ! 
,int]ior  = ,religion & ,s*ools1        
,bav>ia2 ,m4 ,phillis1 ,m9i/] ( ,arts & 
,sci5ces1 ,belgium2 ,j4 ,clan1 ,dani%   

,consul-,g5]al 9 ,new ,york1 &          
,cornelius ,rbn]1 head ( ! ,music       
,dep>tm5t ( ,columbia ,univ]sity2       
,olm$o ,alf>o1 son ( ! ,presid5t (      
,equador1 & ! ,directors (  !           
,cons]vatory ( ,quito1 ,equador2 ,a4 ,w4
 ,tw5lyman1 ( ! ,engli%  ,education     
,bo>d1 ,london1 ,engl&2 ,i4 ,philipp ( !
 ,p>is ,cons]vatory2  ,?4 ,heemsk]k1    
,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,holl&2 ,luigi     
,cr$>o1  ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction1  
,rome1 ,italy2 ,ole ,oles51 ,milit>y    
,inspector ( ,music1 ,norway2 ,wm4      
,?ack>a1 ,am]ican ,consul-,g5]al1       
,b]l91 ,g]many2 ,alex&re ,lyssakovsky1  
,fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,russian  ,embassy1 
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 7,graf7 ,vitzhum von 
,eck/a$t1 ,m9i/] (  ! ,int]ior1 ,saxony2
 ,bror ,beckman1 ( ! ,royal ,cons]vatory
 ( ,music1  ,/ockholm1 ,sw$52 ,l4 ,a4   
,kalba*1 ,*ief ,cl]k ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,bureau ( ,education1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42
 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,taft1 ex-,presid5t  ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates2 ,n>ay-,szabo1 ,secret>y (
 ,/ate1 ,hung>y1 & ,dr4  ,paul          

,majewsky1 ,*ief ( ! ,f9e ,art ,section 
( ! ,royal ,hung>ian  ,m9i/ry ( ,public 
,wor%ip & ,education1 ,budape/4         
,gratitude is due also = ! inspiration  
f\nd 9 ! c\rses  ( /udies pursu$ "u !   
direction ( ! foll[+ ,columbia          
pr(essors3 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,gidd+s 9       
,sociology1 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,seag] 9         
,economics1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,mc,c4 ,l9dsay 9   
,social ,legislation1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,r4 ,a4  
,seligman 9 ,economics1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4    
,cl>k1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,t5ney 9 ,sociology1
  ,dr4 ,r4 ,e4 ,*addock 9 ,/ati/ics1    
,dr4 ,c4 ,ruebn] 9 ,music1 & ,dr4  ,v4  
,g4 ,simkhovit* 9 ,economics4 ,n "o ( ^!
 c\rses has prov$  sup]flu\s 9 ! pres5t 
diss]tation1 & we are pr\d inde$ t      
,music1 s long consid]$ z a luxury1 c %[
 ! relations to !  int]e/s :i* !y       
repres5t4 ,especially great is our      
obligation to  ,pr(essors ,gidd+s1      
,seag]1 ,*addock1 ,l9dsay & ,ruebn]4    
,our s9c]e ?anks are due1 9 ! ga!r+ ( ^!
 /ati/ics to  ,comm5datore ,eug5io di   
,pirani1 ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican         

,philh>monic  ,academy4                 
,,footnotes3    #a ,long labor movem5ts 
:i* are conc$$ to be sl[ emotion-mak+   
=ces are n includ$4    #b ,! ,lit]>y    
,dige/1 ,janu>y #aj1 #aiad4    #c       
,app5dix ,e4    #d ,ref]5ce is to hir$  
b&s1 n made up ( musicians tra9$ =  !   
purpose by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,su*     
tra9+1 z 9 ,engl&1  con/itutes an       
important =m ( vocational tra9+4    #e  
,riddle ( ! ,univ]se1 by ,ern/ ,haekel1 
p4 #aaj4    #f ,! highly priz$ orig9als 
( ! =eign m9i/]ial lett]s are  pres]v$ &
 9 ! writ]'s possession4                
,,"p ,i4                                
,,! ,,!sis4                             
,,*apt] ,i4                             
,,music ,,z ,a ,,human ,,ne$4      ,our 
!sis contemplates a new phase 9         
psy*ological & sociological  /udy1 "o   
:]e9 we mu/ endeavor to e/imate ! "p    
play$ 9  m5tal & environm5tal           
developm5t1 by vibration z ! act+ =ce4  
,9 :atev] direction we turn1 ,music is  
met ) 9 "o =m or  ano!r4 ,! und\bt$ fact

 t ,music is n conf9$ to ! human        
species1 b is a "p ( bird & o!r animal  
life1 is /rongly  indicative t !re is   
some?+ m 9 ,music1 ?an its app>5t       
pleasurable quality1 & t b5ea? its array
 ( sup]ficial =ms1  !re mu/ lie "s great
 fundam5tal necessity = its exi/5ce &   
function+4 ,^u x may dep5d ! pres]vation
 ( ! life ( c]ta9  complex liv+         
organisms4    ,d>w9's !ory z express$ 9 
8,! ,desc5t ( ,man0#g seems to u  n to  
t\* ! real s\rce ( ! ph5om5on1 & 9      
,sp5c]'s  8,illu/rations ( ,univ]sal    
,progress10 ! latt]'s !ory ( !  ,orig9 &
 ,function ( ,music#h seems to u to omit
 ! greate/  factor 9 ,music4 ,sp5c]'s   
idea is t all ,music is an idealization 
( ! natural language ( passion1 b !     
nature ( passion does  n 9 reality l5d  
itself to ,music1 because passion's     
spontaneity (  action =ev] =bids !      
ex]cise ( t control :i* is ne$$  9 !    
p]=mance ( ,music4 ,wallas*ek1 9        
8,primitive ,music10#i  claims t ,music 
is ! result ( ! orig9al rhy?mical       

impulse  9 man4 ,?is la/ m5tion$ !ory   
approa*es m ne>ly ! !ory  advanc$ by u 9
 ! pres5t "w1 namely1 t ,music orig9ates
 9  man's ne$ ( rhy?mical               
s\nd-vibrations1 = ! re-e/abli%m5t  (   
rhy?mical motion 9 8 own n]v\s sy/em1   
di/urb$ by !  evolution>y increase (    
m5tal action n rhy?mically employ$4#aj  
,9 ord] to view ! subject fully1 & 9 all
 its implications1 we  mu/ retrace ! pa?
 ( evolution to t po9t1 :]e ! liv+  ?+  
:i* lat] develop$ into ! man ( today1   
fir/ f\nd itself  9 possession (        
locomotion ag5cies & preh5sile          
app5dages1 &  fir/ began to move ab\t 9 
se>* ( en]gy mat]ials1 ) :i*  to satisfy
 an inw>d ne$ ( integration4 ,! fir/ ?+ 
t mov$  began to dissipate its motion1 &
 to 8ne$0 correspond+ integration4      
,rhy?m m>k$ ?is primitive inw>d action1 
undi/urb$ by ideas2  rhy?m also gov]n$ !
 ext]nal /imulus4 ,?is prehi/oric atavus
 ate  :5 hungry1 or :5 he c\ld get food1
 8 ne$ be+ rhy?mical1 at  ! "t :5 fruit 
& nuts (f]$ easy satisfaction ( a       

rhy?mic  hung]2 he awoke at daybreak1 & 
slept ) ! sun2 rhy?mic at all  times4   
,n[1 !re=e1 ?is e>ly man's circulation &
 pulse mu/ h be5  relatively rhy?mic1   
yet !re is no record ( ,music z an      
inv5tion1  until a new factor arose 9 8 
environm5t4#aa ,! ne$s ( life  began to 
sugge/ p>tn]%ips1 *ildr5 cem5t$ p>5?ood 
gr\ps1  family gr\ps met & associat$ )  
o!r family gr\ps1 /ill  o!rs 7 add$ & ! 
,tribe 0 =m$4 ,mu* ( ! ,tribal life  (  
prehi/oric times is a matt] (           
conjecture1 b en\gh c be  le>n$ f !     
mores ( lat] tribes1 to sugge/ )        
reasonable  probability "s ( ! e>lie/   
tribal cu/oms4 ,music is a late         
inv5tion1 b ! elem5ts out ( :i* ,music  
is fa%ion$--rhy?m1  motion &            
s\nd--con/itute ! fir/ impulses1 ! fir/ 
responses  to /imuli 9 !mselves rhy?mic2
 & ! olde/ peoples exhibit  traces ( !  
love ( s\nd 9 rhy?mic action4 ,!        
probability is t  association1 ) man z )
 birds1 develop$ a ne$ ( communication2 
f ?is ne$ orig9at$ ! ac\/ic =mation (   

spee*1 & spee*  9 turn br\ght ! fir/    
consci\s int]*ange ( ideas4 ,int5se     
m5tal action causes di/urb$ physical    
rhy?m4 ,physical functions  are n yet   
adapt$ to ! physical di/urbance caus$ by
 su* m5tal  action4 ,! organs = !       
assimilation ( ! t]rific /imuli (  mod]n
 life1 are /ill imp]fectly develop$1 z  
is illu/rat$ by !  inability ( ! body to
 cope ) increas+ intellectuality1 & !   
consequ5t alleg$ increase ( insanity 9  
mod]n times4 ,z ! eye has  evolv$ f !   
s5se ( t\* to its pres5t p[]1 & may     
progress  to a capacity = /ill cle>]    
vision1 s has ! n]v\s sy/em  evolv$ f   
its s+le cell1 to its pres5t cell       
multiplicity1 & may  develop new cell   
=mations1 ) :i* to support *ang+ degrees
 (  add$ /imuli4    ,a dep>ture f       
e/abli%$ belief w be not$ at ?is po9t4  
,ideas 7 wond]ful & p[]ful /imuli to !  
primitive m9d4 ,t  extreme t5sion :i*   
causes mod]n m9ds to become unbalanc$1  
is  n proportionately m int5se1 ?an mu/ 
h be5 ! reaction  ( ! primitive m9d1 to 

! v fir/ "q & answ] (  primitive spee*4 
,a new /imulus act+ ^u a new organ      
produc$ a new  di/urbance--a di/urbance 
( a life h]et(ore purely rhy?mic2 & a   
"p ( ! int]nal organic family became    
sep>at$ = indep5d5t  motion1 became     
diff]5tiat$ ) a rhy?m ( its own1 diff]+ 
z a matt] ( c\rse1 f t old e/abli%$     
rhy?m ( ! mo/  anci5t physical life4 ,"r
 at ?is po9t ( developm5t1 ! ne$ (  m or
 less consci\s readju/m5t 0 in/9ctively 
felt4 ,int]nal  rhy?m _h be5 di/urb$1 & 
man imm$iately inv5t$ an artificial     
produc] ( rhy?mic vibration3 i4         
e4--p]cussion4 ,?is s5t into 8  n]v\s   
sy/em unc\nt$ ?\s&s ( rhy?mic impulses1 
:i* t5d$  to ree/abli% 8 di/urb$ rhy?mic
 motion4 ,to hold t ! fir/  rhy?mic     
inv5tions are to be look$ = 9 w> songs1 
9 religi\s  rites1 or 9 fe/al div]sions1
 seems to u to ignore1 n only all  ( !  
imm5sely important prior /eps by :i* su*
 comp>ative  complexity has be5 atta9$1 
b also to leave ! ph5om5on (            
rhy?m-crav+1 be=e ! inv5tion ( ! mo/    

primitive in/rum5t1  entirely unacc\nt$ 
=4 ,:5 ! w> elem5t ent]s into tribal    
life1  !re has already be5 "s gr[? (    
in/itutionalization4 ,home life1        
m>riage1 inh]itance1 gov]nm5t--^! we f9d
 already 9 a c]ta9  /age ( developm5t1 9
 ! v e>lie/ tribes ( :i* we h  any      
positive k4 ,! life ( ^! tribes1 s      
simil> 9 all  p>ts ( ! _w1 produc$ c]ta9
 di/urbances )9 ! orig9al  rhy?mic      
bodily motion4 ,! reaction to su*       
di/urbance 0 exactly  express$1 9 !     
rhy?m produc]s in/9ctively devis$ at ea*
 /age4  ,w> 0 ! only great di/urb] (    
habitual rhy?m = ages1 &  consequ5tly   
,music ( a "* to meet ! ne$ ( ?is elem5t
 0  e>ly inv5t$4    ,= dome/ic          
rhy?m-di/urb+ crises1 ,music--s\nd--0   
(t5 employ$  by ! tribes4 ,! anci5t     
,*9ese#ab us$ to 8s\nd0 ! h\se ( a      
newly w$d$ c\ple1 "u ! impression t 9   
?is way ! bride  & groom w\ld ent] a    
home 8cle>$ ( evil demons04 ,"h we h  a 
sub-consci\s recognition ( ! actual     
driv+ =ce ( rhy?mic  vibration4 ,s1 9   

anci5t ,japan1 w> songs 7 ! old         
expressions (  national agitation4 ,^!1 
accompani$ z !y inv>iably 71 by high    
s5tim5ts ( loyalty & patriotism1 /eadi$ 
! rage ( w>-fev]  to a good fight+ po9t1
 & prev5t$ impulsive1 or too reckless   
*>g+4    ,! ,h9dus#ac believe _! musical
 scale is an inspiration f  ,heav54 ,_! 
,music is an expression ( religi\s r ?an
 milit>y  agitation4    ,:5 we ?9k ( h[ 
primitive man at fir/ mu/ h wond]$ at   
all ! unkn[n =ces ab\t him1 is x n      
possible to believe t  religi\s1 r ?an  
w>like emotion1 0 ! fir/ to int5sely    
agitate all e>ly tribes8    ,! anci5t   
peoples ( ,aryan /ock seem to h be5     
highly gift$  musically4 ,probably      
because ( _! rov+ habits1 _! w>like  _s1
 or _! pursuit ( culture1 ! ,aryans     
develop$ e>ly &  highly1 ?is great] ne$ 
( rhy?mic /imulus 9 p]cussion4          
,p]sian agitation took ! =m ( occultism1
 z is %[n 9 !  devices on ! walls ( _!  
fire temples4 ,_! ,music 0 held to be   
symbolic4 ,!y believ$1 = example1 t     

,music 0 l a tree1 &  t its tones 7     
repres5tative ( fire1 wat]1 air & e>?1 (
  ! signs ( ! zodiac1 ( ! planets & ev5 
( day & night4#ad    ,music becomes     
comb9$ ) ideas 9 ! expression ( rhy?m1 9
  direct proportion to ! developm5t (   
ideas 9 ! culture (  ! sev]al races4 ,:5
 w> ceas$ to be ! *ief factor 9 !       
di/urbance ( bodily rhy?m1 & /ill lat]1 
:5 p]iods ( re/  became usual betwe5    
long w>s1 ! impetus already giv5 to     
tribes  by ! decisive occupations (     
w>f>e1 & ! consequ5t increas$  molecul> 
motion ( ! organs1 turn$ tribal att5tion
 9 times (  re/ to ?\ghts ( love1       
decoration & poetry1 b *iefly to !      
?\ght ( record+ ! /irr+ de$s ( _! h]oes 
9 music (  "s k9d4 ,! ,indians h        
probably sung _! de$s ev] 9 rhy?m1  ?\gh
 (t5 ) an in/rum5tal accompanim5t 9 a   
diff]+ rhy?m1  :i* common practice mu/ h
 fill$ ! ne$ ( a m5tal /ate  8di/urb$0  
by ! /imuli ( ev] pres5t dang]4#ae      
,rhy?mic music consid]$ z a creation (  
m9d & z a ne$ (  ! body1 ! measurem5t ( 

! effect ( musical vibrations ^u  human 
action1 is sure to lead ! way to a      
surpris+ fund ( new  k4 ,! numb] (      
vibrations caught by ! e> 9 ! simple/   
drum p]=mance mu/ be enorm\s1 & :5 x is 
realiz$ t ^!  vibrations repres5t a live
 =ce /rik+ ! t5se n]ves1 & t  ! effects 
are quantitatively measurable 9 a       
psy*o-physiological  laboratory1 a      
significant developm5t ( psy*iatry may  
be confid5tly  pr$ict$4 ,x w\ld be      
int]e/+ to /udy ! diff]+ results (  !   
same musical environm5t1 ^u ! n]v\s     
reactions ( p>tially  deaf1 & ( normal  
be+s1 to f9d out h[ f> ! subjective &   
consci\s aw>5ess ( c]ta9 s\nds1 affects 
! objective physical  results ( !       
vibratory =ce produc+ !m4    ,animals   
are kn[n to be s5sitive to ! s\nds (    
,music1 & birds  ev5 create t :i* is    
call$ ,music2 ?is creation on ! "p  (   
birds1 seems to u no?+ m ?an _!         
in/9ctive ef=t to  re-e/abli% di/urb$   
int]nal rhy?mic action4#af ,at any rate1
  vibration is ! fundam5tal elem5t (    

,music z ( life1 & :]e  ,music exi/s !re
 has ev] be5 an antec$5t excitem5t ( "s 
sort4    ,complicat$ intellectual /imuli
 be+ abs5t 9 tribal life1 !  g5]al rhy?m
 0 at mo/ p]iods mod]ately easy to      
ma9ta94 ,ev5ts  ( suffici5t newness to  
be excit+ 7 r>e4 ,tribal w>s 7 felt  to 
be ! usual occupation ( ord9>y exi/5ce4 
,s t :e!r  polygamy or monogamy         
*>act]iz$ ! m>riage relation1 :e!r      
woman or man rul$ ! home life1 :e!r     
human or animal sacrifices  7 (f]$ to "o
 or to sev]al gods1 ! /imuli met 9 daily
  exp]i5ces 7 v simil> 9 _! monotony1 & 
v mu* !  same 9 all tribes4 ,cu/oms 7   
h&$ d[n f "o g5]ation to  ano!r1 & c>ri$
 f "o "p to ano!r ( ! e>?'s surface1  b 
ord9>y exp]i5ces v>i$ little until1 "u !
 /imulation (  /eam-driv5 eng9es &      
ma*9es1 nations develop$ ! indu/rial    
fev]1 :i* seems to *>act]ize mod]n      
times4 ,ev5 today 9  localities :]e     
newspap]s & railroads d n p5etrate1 life
 t5ds  to rev]t to primitive ideals4 ,! 
int]e/s ( ! tribes lay 9 !  rais+ (     

cattle1 9 ! bir? ( male (fspr+1 9 !     
division  ( labor into ! se>* =1 & !    
prep>ation (1 food1 & 9  ! unification (
 a /rong gr\p ho/ile to all o!r gr\ps4  
,^!  occupations coexi/$ ) a simplicity 
( environm5t1 unexcit+ to  ! reposeful  
s5se organs1 amid a sc5ic surr\nd+ ev]  
unt\*$  by artificiality2 :]e village   
sc5es ( little v>iety took place2  :]e  
no reason exi/$ to cause abnormal       
quickness ( eye movem5ts2  :]e occurr$  
only r>e %ocks to ! regul> rhy?m ( !    
n]ve  cell motions4 ,?us !re 0 little or
 no ne$ ( complicat$ rhy?m  9 ,music4 ,x
 w be rememb]$ t ,music is a ne$ = t "p 
(  humanity or ( any liv+ organism :i*  
?r\gh reason ( its prior  reception (   
irregul> /imuli1 has di/urb$ ! natural  
int]nal  & indep5d5t rhy?mic motion1    
imp>t$ by ! "m 9 ! bir?  process4 ,an   
augm5t$ he>t action is n h>mful at      
times1 ev5 if  x be above ! normal1 b a 
he>t action :i* is ev] *ang+ its  beat1 
n[ fa/1 n[ sl[1 n[ weak1 n[ /rong1 t5ds 
to d]ange !  normal rhy?mic life motion 

( ! cells1 a result caus$ by mod]n      
multiplicity ( irregul> /imuli1 &       
obs]vable 9 mod]n civiliz$  man4 ,great 
multiplicity ( /imuli ! tribal man r>ely
 exp]i5c$4  ,8 p]cussive ,music 0 n     
complex1 because ! life /imuli 7  n     
complex2 ! n]v\s sy/em ( ! savage 0     
di/urb$ by b few  m5tal processes--!    
simple results ( ! few & unv>y+ /imuli  
(f]$ by 8 tribal life4    ,approa*+     
mod]n times1 let u see :at role 0 assum$
 by ,music  9 ! tribal life ( ! e>ly    
,g]manic races4 ,9 ^? times ( w>        
excitem5t1 :5 tribes f\ght l wild       
animals1 & ! w> _s  held full sway1 !   
,g]mans on _! m>* to battle1 helmets    
decorat$  ) ! heads ( animals1 _! big   
bodies clo!d 9 ! simple  sagum1 *ant$ _!
 w> songs1 & kept up a rhy?mic beat+ ^u 
_! %ields4 ,?is ev] visible tr5d t[>d   
rhy?mic s\nd indicates  a subconsci\s   
ne$ ( x1 a ne$ :i* (t5 annoys u 9 our   
*ildr5's crav+ = ! noise ( p]cussion1--a
 noise1 x may h  be5 obs]v$ by          
long-suff]+ p>5ts1 :i* !y love beyond   

all  o!r div]sions4 ,s long z w> &      
religion alone occupi$ mank9d1  & be=e !
 human ne$ ( rhy?mic s\nd became s      
pron\nc$1 z  to create ! v complicat$   
idea ( produc+ vibratory impulse1  f    
pleasurable s\nd int]vals1 comb9$ ) ^w  
pictures ( human  emotions--s long 0 m]e
 rhy?m 9 ,music suffici5t to re-e/abli% 
di/urb$ int]nal motion4    ,! ,gauls    
advanc$ a /ep beyond ! ,g]mans t[>d     
musical  organization1 by _! ma9t5ance (
 8b&s ( b>d]s10 :o 7  describ$ by       
,tacitus z accompany+ ! ,gallic armies 9
 ord] to  *e] ! w>riors4                
,,footnotes3    #g ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #cge3   
8,! true song h[ev] ( mo/ birds & v>i\s 
/range cries are *iefly utt]$ dur+ !    
bre$+ season1 & s]ve  z a *>m1 or m]ely 
z a call-note to ! o!r sex40    #h ,vol4
 ,,ii1 ,*ap4 #ai4    #i ,*apt] #i4      
#aj ,if1 z ,haekel says 9 8,! ,riddle ( 
! ,univ]se10 p4 #aaf1 8,:5  ! mimosa    
roots are %ak5 by ! tread ( a pass]by1 !
 /imulus  is imm$iately convey$ to all !
 cells ( ! plant10 may n !  f> /rong]   

/imulus ( musical s\nd be simil>ly      
transmitt$ to !  human cells n directly 
conc]n$ 9 he>+8    #aa ,! octave (      
half-tones sung by ! ,hylobates         
,syndactylus is  m]ely an ef=t at spee*4
    #ab ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,encyclop$ia 
( ,music4    #ac ,ibid4    #ad ,ibid4   
#ae ,x w be not$ t ! ref]5ce to ideas z 
8di/urbances (  purely physical1        
molecul> rhy?m0 is us$ ?r\gh\t ?is book1
 =  x is "h claim$ t j z ! unconsci\s   
cessation ( brea?+  = a few seconds dur+
 ! writ+ ( an idea1 expresses ! *eck  ( 
m5tal action ^u he>t action & !         
circulation ( ! blood1  s also does !   
cont9ual reception ( new impressions    
into ! m9d1  affect ! orig9al regul>    
rhy?mic movem5t ( ! entire body4 ,h5ce  
?\ght is a real di/urb] ( rhy?m )9 !    
body4 ,simil>ly1 any  bur/ ( ang]1 fe>1 
or joy is imm$iately regi/]$ 9 ! pulse4 
#af ,we are aw>e t ,d>w9 /resses !      
elem5t ( sexual selection  9 ! bird's   
song4                                   
,,*apt] ,,ii4                           

,,music ,,& ,,motion4      ,music1 a    
recogniz$ b /ill undirect$ ag5t = rhy?m 
ma9t5ance1  is s\ght & produc$ 9        
accordance ) ! di/urbance ( a  body     
politic or ( a body individual4 ,!      
musical products ( a  nation mirror t   
nation's hi/ory f> bett] ?an p5 & ink c 
labori\sly spell x out4 ,music rea*es   
d[n into physiological &  psy*ological  
ne$s1 & t5ds to ree/abli% rhy?mic       
equilibrium1  :e!r appli$ to physical   
organs1 or to memb]s ( a national body4 
,& z ! aggregates ( matt] & motion 9    
human bodies comb9e all  ( _! unequal1  
complex1 & yet di/9ct rhy?ms "u "o mean 
rhy?m1 :i* becomes ! *>act]i/ic rhy?m ( 
! :ole1 s d !  musical products ( a     
nation1 dur+ a giv5 "t or age1 comb9e _!
  unequal motions "u a mean motion or   
*>act]i/ic1 :i* includes  all rhy?mic   
products & :i* we see z a *>act]i/ic    
8color10 or  8temp]am5t0 9 ! national   
,music ( t p]iod4 ,& z ! mean  gov]n+   
rhy?m or pulse ( "o be+1 individual or  
national1 _c  be mi/ak5 = ! mean ( any  

o!r comb9ation ?an its own1 s  ! 8color0
 or 8temp]am5t0 ( ! musical products (  
"o c\ntry1  is cle>ly di/+ui%able f t ( 
! ,musical products ( o!r  c\ntries4    
,9 l mann]1 humanity1 t l>g] aggregate (
 human molecules1  %[s a mean color 9 ! 
unit$ products or motions ( its p>ts1  !
 nations4 ,! 8tone0 ( ! ,music ( !      
,n9ete5? c5tury1 is  m complex ?an t ( !
 ,eighte5? c5tury1 al?\gh ,spa9 /ill    
re-e/abli%es h] ,eighte5? c5tury        
di/urbances ) ,eighte5?  c5tury ,music4 
,engl&1 ) few deeply di/urb$ emotions is
 satisfi$  ) doses ( e>ly ,n9ete5?      
c5tury ,music4 ,france applies h] own   
vivid intellectual s\nd pictures to h]  
psy*ological & political  di/urbances4  
,g]many f9ds ! panacea = h] di/urbances 
9  colors ( s\l trag$y & /rong          
s5tim5tality4 ,italy1 until h]  rec5t   
/eps t[>d mod]n me?ods 9 /imuli         
productions1 sipp$ h]  delightful com$y 
& h] fl[]y trag$y1 f graceful           
old-fa%ion$  musical cups4 ,n9ete5?     
c5tury musical productions 9 ,engl&1    

,france1 ,g]many & ,italy are1 we may   
say1 pictures ( _! sev]al  national     
8di/urbances10 & exact quantitative     
measurem5ts ( !  dep? to :i* ! mean     
national rhy?m 0 di/urb$4 ,all ( ^!     
musical productions aga9 react ^u       
humanity's aggregate1 & are  comb9$ "u  
:at is kn[n z ! ,n9ete5? c5tury mean    
rhy?m1 or  age *>act]i/ic4    ,z has be5
 not$ above1 !re are too few data       
indicative ( !  habits ( primitive man1 
= u to le>n aught ( 8 ,music1 b  x is   
safe to assume t its comp>ative         
simplicity or complexity  correspond$ ) 
! comp>ative simplicity or complexity ( 
8  m5tal & physical life4 ,und\bt$ly1 ! 
e>lie/ gr\p complexity  arose ) rov+    
habits1 ! entrance into new environm5ts1
 &  ! subjection ( man's psy*o-physical 
sy/em to new 8/ra9s0 (  di/urb+ /imuli4 
,accord+ to ?is !ory we mu/ def9e       
8di/urbances0 z1 su*  responses to v>y+ 
/imuli z unduly accel]ate or ret>d      
bodily  pulse motion1 *ang+ ! normal    
rhy?m ( ! pulse4 ,examples  are to be   

f\nd 9 sudd5 migrations1 outbur/s (     
en?usiasm1 w>s1  revolts1 & ev5 9 c]ta9 
eag] intellectual pursuits4    ,music is
 a phase ( ! evolution>y process4       
,musical evolution has  also its ord]3  
7a7 9 appreciation1#ag :5 ! primitive   
human  m9d becomes consci\s ( exi/+     
rhy?m1 ( s\nd comb9ations2  7b7 9       
utilization1 :5 its seem+ly magical     
effect sugge/$  its association ) !     
fe/ivities & rites ( wor%ip2 7c7 9      
*>act]ization1 :5 x /&s on a p$e/al (   
its own1 recogniz$  z a human necessity 
p]fectly adapt$ to its environm5t2 & 7d7
 9  socialization1 :5 its end z an ag5t 
9 self-realization %all be  entirely    
compreh5d$4 ,*>act]ization is ! mode :i*
 ,music has  rea*$ today4 ,socialization
 is j beg9n+1 & is yet m fully  to be   
develop$ ) great] und]/&+4    ,aga9 9   
,musical ,evolution !re has be5 an      
ideo-motor /age (  developm5t4#ah ,?is  
=ceful1 aggressive1 p]si/5t motor /age 0
  %[n 9 ! rude drums & o!r r\gh-hewn    
in/rum5ts ( e>ly man4  ,9 its convivial 

imag9ative aspect x has answ]$ to ! ne$ 
( !  ideo-emotional type4 ,! dogmatic   
emotional ne$ has drawn =? f  t type's  
res\rces ! au/]e musical products ( ma/]
 g5ius4  ,d we n f9d today 9 ,france1   
,g]many & 9 mod]n ,italy a national     
rhy?m di/urb$ by critically             
intellectual#ai /imuli1 :i* 9  turn call
 =? critically intellectual ,music ( !  
mo/ di/9ct  complexity8 ,music is bo? a 
social & a socializ+ =ce1 :i*1  al?\gh  
creat$ by society1 reacts ^u its        
creator4    ,review+ ! /ages ( ,musical 
,evolution d we n disc]n conc]t$        
volition8 ,does n ! mean tone ( national
 musical types %[  conc]t$ acceptance ( 
t :i* answ]s to national ta/es &  ne$s8 
,! v applause :i* e/abli%es ! mod]n     
type1 is !  outw>d sign ( an inw>d int5t
 to embrace t product4 ,cool &  re/ra9$ 
judgm5t prec$es t acceptance4 ,any      
audi5ce manife/s  resembl+ s5sations (  
resembl+ individuals 9 t on5ess (       
criticism s g5]ally exhibit$4 ,cle>ly   
inde$ 9 ?is latt] case  d we p]ceive t  

reflective sympa?y :i* %[s u h[ l to our
  neighbor we are4 ,!n !re is ! evid5ce 
( organic sympa?y :i*  e/abli%es t lik+ 
or dislik+ = c]ta9 ,music1 accord+  z ! 
mean motion or ! rhy?m ( ! ,musical s\nd
 vibrations1  correspond to a simil>    
comb9ation ( motions & rhy?ms 9 our  own
 sy/ems4 ,& is n ! affection = a rhy?m  
simil> to our  own1 /rong] ?an is our   
lik+ = "o dissimil>8 ,c a dogmatic      
emotional#bj type exp]i5ce a true       
affection =1 or feel a s9c]e  ne$ (1    
ragtime ditties8 ,c\ld ,italy 9 ! e>ly  
"p ( !  ,n9ete5? c5tury feel affection =
 ! ,music ( a von ,web]8 ,c\ld  ,g]many 
9 ! fev] ( ,franco-,prussian            
emotionalism feel affection =  ! works (
 ,v]di8 ,p>is dislik$ ,wagn]'s op]as    
until v rec5tly4    ,le/ ?is %\ld seem l
 an attempt to /ret* sociological       
t]m9ology to cov] t]ritory o!r ?an its  
own1 let u cont9ue  our exam9ation4 ,ev5
 9 ! progress f ! homog5e\s to  !       
het]og5e\s1 ,music1 9 its national p>ts1
 ?\gh highly  het]og5e\s l ! integrat$  

p>ts ( ! body1 is yield+ to  ! social   
passion = homog5eity4 ,?is is indicat$  
by ! increas+  simil>ity ( its ideals4  
,ev5 ,italy 9 h] new awak5+ is rea*+    
out t[>d musical equality ) ! mo/       
complex mod]n ideals1  illu/rat+ !      
t5d5cy ( all inequality t[>d f9al       
equality4    ,! ,music :i* answ]$ to !  
ne$s ( an ,e?nic ,society c\ld n        
possibly re-e/abli% ! di/urb$ rhy?m (   
political gr\ps4 ,!  8g5tile family0    
sy/em = a long "t successfully c\nt]act$
  ! effects ( het]og5e\s motion attacks 
^u ! calm n]v\s  /ructure1 by a ,music  
suit$ to its ne$s4 ,only ) ! decay (  ! 
patri>*al sy/em did gr\ps come to dem&  
complexity 9 !  re-e/abli%+ ag5cy1      
,music4    ,int]nal di/urbances mu/ h   
be5 r>e 9 all clan life1 surr\nd+       
/imuli be+ relatively homog5e\s1 simple 
& diffus$4 ,paleoli?ic  man1 ) 8 un*ang+
 ext]nal environm5t1 _h little reason  =
 int]nal di/urbance4 ,:at slight        
di/urbances he suff]$ 7  probably rem$i$
 by simple rhy?mic composition ( "s k9d3

 ev5  babies create a pron\nc$ s\nd     
rhy?m ) any in/rum5t at h&1  & indicate 
real pleasure d]iv$ f :at to u seems m]e
 noise4    ,s\nds produc$ by non-human  
be+s are m]e dis*>ge ( surplus  en]gy1 9
 a creation ( rhy?mic /imulus1 & n      
consci\s s\nd  comb9ations 9 song4      
,music is a 8natural0 product ( human   
society4  ,x mu/ be z old z ^?          
integrations ( p>ts 9 ! human body1  :i*
 became aggregates ( matt] & motion1 to 
take c>e ( new  /imuli collid+ ) !      
motions already conta9$4 ,?r\gh l[]1    
middle1 & upp] savag]y1#ba ev5 be=e !   
beg9n+ ( spee*1  ,music mu/ h be5 at h&1
 al?\gh 9 its simple/ conceivable  =m4  
,music kept pace ) ! comp>atively simple
 ext]nal /imuli (  ea* p]iod4    ,) !   
use ( fire & ( ! b[ & arr[ 9 upp]       
savag]y1 came  a new het]og5eity 9 !    
/imuli ent]+ ! organism2 di/urbances  7 
/ill simple1 b ) ! dome/ication (       
animals1 ) !  cultivation ( plants by   
irrigation1 ) ! use ( adobe brick &     
/one 9 ar*itecture1 ,music mu/ h        

gradually increas$ 9 its  complexity 9  
ord] to cope ) ! new di/urbances (      
bodily motion  consequ5t ^u ^? *anges 9 
man's reaction to 8 environm5t4  ,!n1 ) 
! use ( iron 9 upp] b>b>ism1 ,music     
began anew to  exhibit its ne$$         
usefulness1 z 9 ! ,grecian tribes ( !   
,hom]ic  ,age1 & 9 ! ,g]man tribes (    
,caes>'s "t4    ,by ^! times ,music _h  
pass$ well out ( ! /ages (              
8appreciation10 into ^? (               
8utilization40#bb ,/rongly rhy?mic1  x  
contribut$ to ! recreation 7re-creations
 inde$7 ( bodily  equilibrium6 ,x calm$ 
int5se inw>d motion1 or /imulat$  flagg+
 circulation 9 its union ) religi\s     
rites4 ,f su*  accompli%m5ts ( lat]     
b>b>ians z poetry1 my?ology1 f9e  temple
 ar*itecture1 wall$ cities1 %ip build+1 
w9e manufacture1  wov5 fabrics1         
implem5ts = gr9d+ corn1 ! side hill     
furnace  = smelt+ ore1 & _m o!r e>ly    
me*anical contrivances1#bc  civilization
 evolv$ its phonetic alphabet & its     
lit]>y records1  build+ ! rhy?m-di/urb+ 

/imuli ( civilization4 ,9 !  mean:ile ! 
family develops to ! po9t ( monogamy1 & 
individual  prop]ty rights u%] 9 a new  
political sy/em4 ,an advanc$ =m (       
municipal life 9 =tifi$ cities hav+     
already creat$ ! ideal (  city treasure 
to be protect$1 ! /ep 0 ultimately tak5 
f ?is  to individual prop]ty rights     
di/9ct f ^? ( ! g5s4    ,! fact t ,music
 z we fir/ enc\nt] x is already some:at 
complex1 is n surpris+ :5 we reg>d x 9  
t]ms ( motion1  duplicat+ 9 pr9ciple !  
con/ruction ( ! human body4 ,! latt]    
may also be reg>d$ 9 t]ms ( motion2 =   
:at are bodily organs  b integrations ( 
molecules 9 motion8 ,! rhy?m ( a bodily 
organ  is l a note compos$ ( p]iodic    
motions4#bd ,! v>i\s organs (  diff]+   
masses & motions1 act+ toge!r "u "o *ief
 rhy?m1  are b *ords ( v>i\s notes1 :ile
 t av]age ( av]ages1 !  pulse1 regi/]s !
 gov]n+ rhy?m ( all ( ^! toge!r1 z does 
! "t 9 music4    ,) ! diff]5tiation ( ! 
,aryan race f ^? b>b>ians  :o 7 n active
 9 mak+ & utiliz+ new inv5tions1 c]ta9  

re-arrangem5ts ( bodily motions result$ 
:i* c\ld n fail  to 8di/urb0 old life   
habits4 ,) artificial rhy?m already at  
h&1 in/9ct alone w\ld be suffici5t to   
prompt its application4  ,appreciation (
 ,music at ?is /age w\ld mirror only !  
satisfaction  d]iv$ f ! he>+ ( rhy?mic  
s\nds1 suffici5tly v>i$ to  inflame or  
calm inw>d motion1 )\t c>ry+ x too f> f 
!  norm4 ,! 8g5s0 sy/em z f\nd 9        
,greece1 ,rome1 & among ,am]ican        
aborig9es1 z also among ! ,iri% sept1 & 
,scotti% clan1 w\ld t5d  to re/ra9      
complex emotions4 ,su* g5tes1 be+       
consangu9e bodies1  desc5d$ f ! same    
common ance/or1 & hav+ a g5tile "n1  &  
held toge!r by actual or fictiti\s ties 
( blood1 7 compact  bodies ) in/itutions
 comp>atively simple4 ,!y 7 l primitive 
bodily =ms1 consi/+ ( motions conta9$ )9
 an out] cru/1  & ) few di/9ct inw>d    
integrations4    ,music1 z simple rhy?m 
agreeable to ! e>1 w\ld fulfill all     
di/urbance ne$s ( t "t1 & w\ld itself be
 a m]e conta9$  motion1 ) few integrat$ 

p>ts4 ,only ) ! beg9n+ (  8rational0    
?9k+ or ! 8int]position ( new ideas     
betwe5  /imulation & ! consequ5t muscul>
 action10#be does su*  complexity (     
m5tal ef=t induce ! integration ( new   
p>ts )  new motions 9 ord] to meet !    
add$ /ra94      ,,footnotes3    #ag     
,gidd+s' ,descriptive & ,hi/orical      
,sociology1 pp4 #ahf to #bab4    #ah    
,gidd+s' ,descriptive & ,hi/orical      
,sociology1 p4 #bcg4    #ai ,o!rwise    
kn[n z rationali/ic4    #bj ,gidd+s1 op4
 cit4 pp4 #bch-bci4    #ba ,morgan3     
,anci5t ,peoples4    #bb ,gidd+s'       
,descriptive & ,hi/orical ,sociology1   
pp4 #ahf to #bab4    #bc ,morgan's      
,anci5t ,peoples4    #bd ,helmholtz1    
,s5sations ( ,tone1 ,"p ,i1 p4 #h4      
#be ,gidd+s' ,descriptive & ,hi/orical  
,sociology1 p4 #cdf4                    
,,*apt] ,,iii4                    ,,gr\p
 ,,& ,,individual ,,reaction ,,to       
,,music4                         ,a     
,brief ,record ( ,exp]im5ts4    ,music  
tranquillizes human agitation4 ,we      

believe t en\gh ( musical  vibration w  
tranquillize all agitation1 :e!r x be   
su* z is  manife/$ 9 abnormal m5tal1 or 
abnormal physical movem5ts4 ,music  acts
 diff]5tly ^u ^? l[ /ates ( motion      
repres5t$ by !  phlegmatic temp]am5t &  
rural communities4 ,"h music excites m  
?an x does :5 collid+ ) agitat$ n]ve    
motions4 ,^! two  m>k$ effects ( music 7
 notic$ by ! au?or 9 ! foll[+  exp]i5ces
 :i* ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( _m ye>s1 among
 all (  ! classes :i* compose ! civiliz$
 gr\p3     ,f ,conc]ts ?r\gh ,canada &  
,we/]n ,u4 ,s4     ,f ?ree successive   
t\rs ( ! ,baltic ,prov9ce ( ,russia1 )  
audi5ces ( ! ,ideo-,emotional &         
,dogmatic-,emotional types4     ,f      
,conc]t & op]a te/s 9 ,g]many & ,engl&4 
,f ,conc]t & op]a te/s 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates
 ( ,u4 ,s4     ,f ,conc]t & op]a te/s   
among ! revolution>y elem5ts (   ,new   
,york ,city1 includ+ ,coney ,isl& t5t   
life = five mon?s1   l[] ,ea/ ,side     
social "w = five ye>s1 ,brooklyn ,work+ 
,girl   te/s1 *ur*1 political1 & society

 /udy among actual audi5ces   repres5t$ 
by ^! classes4    ,m ?an two hundr$ ?\s&
 p 7 obs]v$ dur+ ^! te/s  z to ! effects
 ( music1 & ! results sugge/$ ! foll[+  
ne$s1 :i* ! au?or believes may be ext5d$
 to ! treatm5t  ( _m diseases ( ! m9d4  
,abnormally height5$ or abnormally  l[]$
 bodily agitation1 or inw>d motion1     
8ne$s0 rhy?mic /imulus  f highly agitat$
 motion1 z 9 music2 ! l /ate ( highly   
agitat$ motion 9 ! body responds to !   
/imulus 9 calm$ motions2  ! abnormally  
l[]$ bodily agitation responds to !     
unlike  /imulus 9 ! highly agitat$      
motions ( music1 9 excitation3 a        
p]fectly normal body 8ne$s0 no music 7b 
su* d n exi/74    7#a7 ,^? social &     
individual bodies manife/+ abnormal     
/ates (  agitation 8ne$0 contact ) su* a
 body ( rhy?mic musical vibration  z w  
calm & impose a normal rhy?mic motion ^u
 ! di/urb$  motion repres5t$ by !       
agitation4    7#b7 ,^? social &         
individual bodies manife/+ abnormal     
/ates (  phelgma 8ne$0 contact ) su* a  

body ( rhy?mic musical vibration  z w   
excite ! l[ motion /ates1 & impose a    
normal rhy?mic  motion ^u ! sub-normal  
motion repres5t$ by ! phlegmatic /ates4 
,above conclusions are (f]$ z a result (
 ! foll[+ types (  exp]im5ts4           
,exp]im5ts ,^u ! ,ideo-,motor to        
,ideo-,emotional ,type4    ,desir+ to   
try ! effects ( music comb9$ ) lectures 
( a  political "*1 among ! l[] elem5ts (
 ,coney ,isl& dwell]s1  we set up a #fj 
#ij ft4 t5t at ! foot ( ,ocean ,p>kway1 
9 ,may1 #aiji2  #fjj *airs1 a decorat$  
plat=m1 a gr& piano & gay flags ( all   
nations 7 di/ribut$ 9 _! prop] places4  
,! subject ( all  lectures 0 ,woman's   
,suffrage1 a !me mo/ unpopul> at t "t  &
 especially di/a/eful to a ,coney ,isl& 
m9d4 ,! prevail+  religion ( ! di/rict 0
 ,ca?olicism4 ,! fir/ week 0 devot$  to 
suffrage lectures )\t music4 ,cr[ds     
fill$ ! floor space (  our big t5t ea*  
night1 & f ! beg9n+ we di/9ctly felt  ! 
murmurs ( int5d$ tr\ble4 ,our speak]s 7 
m5 high 9 public  favor1 b "o ( ^! made 

! foll[+ un=tunate rem>k3               
8,ca?olicism is ! curse ( ! labor+      
class40    ,!n a work+man /ood up &     
hurl$ uncomplim5t>y epi!ts at u  = try+ 
to de/roy ! labor+ man's only bless+--8 
fai?4 ,a  woman add$ te>s = h] belov$   
*ur*1 & a sociali/ add$ oil to  ! flame 
by a bitt] attack ^u religion 9 g5]al4  
,be=e we c\ld  make ourselves he>d1 a   
fight ensu$ :i* attract$ a l>ge outside 
cr[d4 ,sev]al policem5 f9ally disp]s$ ! 
excit$ audi5ce4 ,our  brok5 *airs bore  
mute witness ( ! damage1 b no int5tion (
  giv+ up 0 ent]ta9$4 ,! c]ta9ty ( s]i\s
 tr\ble = !  foll[+ ev5+ ha/5$ our      
in/itution ( music 9 ! program4  ,dur+ !
 aft]noon foll[+ our mi%ap1 we 7 in=m$  
by !  police t tr\ble 0 brew+ = ! 8t5t  
folks40 ,) "s  trepidation we ent]$ !   
t5t t ev5+4 ,a l>ge cr[d ( !  8r[dy0    
elem5t _h ga!r$ by eight o'clock4 ,f\r  
policem5 gu>d$  ! entrance1 b _m v r\gh 
look+ m5 crawl$ "u ! canvas  at ! sides 
& ca/ kn[+ glances at acqua9tances4     
,our arti/s = ?is fir/ program _h be5   

c>efully *os51 a  soprano1 delicate 9   
voice & p]sonality1 a g5ial look+       
b>itone1  an excell5t 8celle/10 "o ( our
 be/ kn[n viol9i/s1 & a piani/  (       
_w-wide r5[n4 ,we all 8held our brea?s0 
9 anticipation (  :at might happ54 ,!   
speak] began4 ,imm$iately cat-calls &   
horns  dr[n$ h] voice4 ,! air 0 fill$ ) 
f\l epi!ts4 ,sudd5ly "s  "o ?rew a /one 
:i* /ruck ! speak] on ! *eek4 ,!        
meanness  ( ! insult quiet$ ! mob1 & an 
(fic] remov$ ! (f5d]4  ,!n 9 a few words
 ! p 7 ask$ to res]ve judgm5t until     
aft] ! musical program4    ,a trio      
p]=mance = viol91 8cello0 & piano 0     
giv54 ,:isp]+  & excit$ murmurs cont9u$ 
all ?r\gh ?is long numb]1 b  :5 !       
soprano sang ! old love aria1 8,ah1 =s' 
e lui10 f 8,la  ,traviata0 by ,v]di1 a  
sudd5 hu% fell ^u ! audi5ce4 ,at ! close
  ( ?is aria1 emotional1 tuneful &      
simple 9 con/ruction1 a /orm (  applause
 broke =?4 ,encores ( ballads foll[$1 & 
:5 8,! ,la/  ,rose ( ,summ]0 0 giv51 ) !
 emotional addition ( a g5u9e r$  rose1 

^: petals 7 scatt]$ 9 compliance ) !    
text1 wom5  wept1 & m5 settl$ d[n       
sull5ly 9 _! seats4 ,! irritation (  !  
prec$+ ?ree days _h be5 r$uc$ to normal 
rhy?mic motion1 9  less ?an "o h\r (    
musical treatm5t4 ,! re/ ( t ev5+ 0  9 e
 way a success4    ,?is 0 n an unique   
exp]i5ce4 ,musicless lectures 7 always m
  excitable 9 effect ?an 7 ^? comb9$ )  
music4 ,s c]ta9  7 ! results ( our      
comb9ation1 t be=e ! end ( ! summ]1  we 
c\ld discuss any 8views0 ) a mob elem5t1
 by alt]nat+ an  excit+ subject ) an    
arti/ically r5d]$ musical selection4 ,at
  e /ep1 music prov$ its p[] to soo!1 & 
%[$ h[ great is  ! human ne$ ( its      
vibratory mission4    ,in/ances ( simil>
 effect ( music ^u m5tal agitation 7    
obs]v$ 9 o!r situations4 ,dur+ a trip   
across ! ,atlantic on  ! old vessel     
8,trava10 a dang]\s accid5t occurr$ dur+
 a sev]e  /orm4 ,a panic ?reat5$4 ,!    
fir/ (fic] :isp]$ to ! au?or  to s+ a   
song4 ,%e />t$ ! national hymns1 invit+ 
! pass5g]s  to %[ _! patriotism &       

nationality by jo9+4 ,fir/ ! 8,/>       
,spangl$ ,bann]0 br\ght out a few       
voices1 !n ! 8,wa*t am ,rhe90  swell$ ! 
*orus2 ! 8,m>seillaise0 0 !n respond$   
to1 & :5  8,! ,we>+ ( ! ,gre50 br\ght =?
 "o lu/y ,iri% brogue1 su*  a laugh ran 
r\nd ! d9+ saloon z completely broke !  
/ra9$  condition & re-e/abli%$ normal   
rhy?mic pulse motion4    ,! t5sion (    
n]ve dur+ /rikes 0 r$uc$ sev]al times by
  musical 8b5efits40 ,dang]\s excitem5t 
at political meet+s 0  (t5 conv]t$ into 
h>mless emotionalism "u ev5+s (         
,eighte5?  c5tury com$y op]a te/s on !  
,ea/ ,side ( ,manhattan4 ,!  e/abli%m5t 
( ,! ,work+ ,girls ,club 9 ,brooklyn 9  
#aiab af=d$  an excell5t opportunity =  
te/+ ! reviv+ effects ( music  ^u tir$  
bra9s & bodies4 ,"o hundr$ & =ty "y &   
heal?y  work+ girls f dep>tm5t /ores1   
telephone (fices & factories1  us$ !    
club h\se d$icat$ to _! use & at fir/   
evid5c$  pleasure & b5efit f ! classes  
in/itut$4 ,b pres5tly  a depress+       
we>9ess ( aspect appe>$1 a 8try+ to     

le>n0  expression1 :i* promis$ little = 
en]getic application4 ,! law  class     
dw9dl$ to two memb]s2 ! mill9]y class   
c\ld n attract  m ?an six /ud5ts1 !     
cook+ class began ) ?irty-five  & end$ )
 f\r1 ! dress-mak+ class held b ?ree    
pupils3  ! class 9 simple sci5ce 0 n    
attractive1 ! language classes  began   
well1 b ! girls 7 too tir$ to /udy4     
,f9ally we gave  !m :at !y want$1 & :at 
!y ne$$--music4 ,:at a *ange came  ov] !
 m5tal attitude6 ,monday1 ,w$nesday &   
,friday nights1 s++  individually & 9   
*orus 0 taught4 ,?ree h\rs ( music swept
 away  all traces ( we>9ess1 & sp>kl+   
eyes & rosy *eeks exhibit$  anew ! ne$ (
 music4 ,all ?r\gh ! ye> #aiab-ac =     
twelve mon?s1  ! op]a 8,m>?a0 by ,flot[ 
0 rehe>s$1 & nev] 0 !re  occasion to    
compla9 ( poor att5dance1 w&]+ att5tion1
 or lack  ( int]e/4 ,a public p]=mance 0
 giv5 9 ! ,spr+ ( #aiac at  ,labor      
,lyceum1 ,brooklyn4 ,not)/&+ long days (
 labor1 ! girls  did great cr$it to _!  
lead]s' "w 9 tra9+4    ,turn+ to        

individual exp]im5ts1 an in/ance ( !    
/rangely  normaliz+ effects ( music ^u  
abnormal n]v\s conditions comes to  our 
m9d4 ,a noble m9d$ woman1 lately        
deceas$1 devot$ h] life to  ! ,sittig   
,*ri/mas ,tree ,celebration1 :i*        
annually gave a ,*ri/mas  fea/ (        
pres5ts1 c&ies1 books & ent]ta9m5t to   
ab\t sev5  ?\s& ( ,brooklyn's poor      
*ildr54 ,%e 0 s deaf t %e he>d  ) great 
difficulty1 ev5 ) ! aid ( electrical    
devices4 ,yet  %e c\ld he> s(tly spok5  
words1 provid$ ! speak] kept play+      
s(tly ^u ! piano dur+ ! conv]sation4 8,i
 d n ne$ any  artificial aid 9 he>+ any 
s\nd audible to a normal e>1 :ile  music
 is 9 ! air10 %e once told u4 ,ano!r    
woman1 affect$ )  cont9ual trembl+ ( !  
h&s1 became p]fectly quiet & normal 9   
action :ile rid+ 9 a c>riage4 ,9 reply  
to our "q z to !  reason = ?is ph5om5on1
 %e repli$1 8,! noise ( ! c>riage  :eels
 resolves itself into regul> #8beats'   
:i* ,i _c help try+  to imitate40 ,x may
 be t ?is is b ano!r illu/ration ( !    

8ne$0 ( di/urb$ or unrhy?mic motion =   
8regul> beats0 or  rhy?mic motion4 ,a   
fri5d 9 ,b]l9 0 pa9fully deaf1 yet he   
he>d  ! slighte/ :isp] ov] ! telephone4 
,8 simil> normality :5  li/5+ to music1 
sugge/$ to ! au?or to class all rhy?mic 
co-op]at$ vibrations produc+ a cont9u\s 
s5sation 9 ! e>1  "u ! "n ( musical     
rhy?mic vibrations4 ,?is w\ld ext5d !   
realm ( musical ne$ to _m highly active 
motions n g5]ally  includ$ 9 ! t]m      
8music40 ,telephones1 railway motion    
s\nds1  moan+ ( w9ds1 cont9u\s wa%+     
s\nds ( waves1 d 9 fact  produce results
 /rangely simil> to ^? se5 9 !          
application (  music4 ,excitable p are  
quiet] at sea-side resorts1 & re/less  9
 isolat$ m\nta9 di/ricts4 ,we h closely 
obs]v$ ! types  ( individuals at wat]   
resorts 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,ev]y:]e ! 
same type prevails4 ,x is ! highly /rung
 temp]am5t :i* ne$s &  seeks ! 8highly  
/rung0 atmosph]e4 ,we h obs]v$ l        
in/ances  9 n]v\s univ]sity /ud5ts1 :o  
/udy & memorize be/ 9 !  /reet c>s4     

,ideo-,emotional ,gr\ps4    ,9 our      
,g]man exp]i5ce1 ! music :i* elicit$ !  
l>ge/ response  seem$ to be t :i*       
impress$ emotional pictures ^u ! m9d4   
,s*uman li$] are ( ?is "*3 !y are full (
 *ivalric  example1 sugge/ion1 symbol1  
%ibbole?1 & t5d to awak5 emotional      
reactions4 ,9 ! home circles1 ! s5tim5t 
9 music is /rongly  express$4 ,no true  
,g]man w all[ y to height5 ! seat at !  
piano ) a volume ( ,bee?ov5 ,sonat54 ,y 
_c sit ^u ,bee?ov5  9 a loyal ,g]man    
h\se4    ,ev5 9 ! gr& op]a audi5ces (   
,g]many1 ! public p]si/s  9 manife/+ a  
love = ^? musical ideas :i* awake       
emotions  r ?an cool critical judgm5t4  
,! simple ,k9d] ,li$] c be  c\nt$ ^u to 
br+ ! emotions to view1 & unrequit$     
love1 !  romantic woes ( a god-l h]o1 or
 ! da9ty texts ( s5tim5tal  ballads1 are
 z effectual n[ z !y ev] 74 ,russian    
audi5ces  are /ill m responsive to !    
emotional elem5t 9 music1 b _!          
temp]am5ts h a /rong da% ( ! ,ideo-motor
 9 !m4    ,all ?r\gh ,canada & ! ,we/]n 

"p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !                 
,ideo-,emotional type ( music awak5s    
quicke/ response4 ,old ballads  l 8,com+
 ,?r\gh ! ,rye10 8,home ,sweet ,home10  
8,annie ,laurie10 w  br+ applause dur+ !
 preludes1 & only 9 ! mo/ complicat$    
environm5t is !re a g5u9e response to ! 
relatively complicat$  works ( ,wagn]4  
,9 a conc]t te/ ^u ! /one-work+         
,italians at ,wapp+]s ,falls1  ,n4 ,y41 
! home-sick ,italians 7 s affect$ by    
8,santa ,lucia0 t  !y all clos$ _! eyes 
& jo9$ ! s+]1 weep+ z !y sang4  ,x 0    
report$ dang]\s = a woman to g alone    
among ^! m51 b  !y sang song aft] song =
 u1 & escort$ h] five miles to !        
railroad /ation4#bf                     
,dogmatic-,emotional ,types4    ,!      
,greek ,*ur* music & ! music ( !        
,ca?olic ,*ur* acts  specially ^u !     
,dogmatic-,emotional types4 ,x is a     
curi\s sight  to ,am]icans to wat*      
,russian peasants & (ficials pray+ 9  ! 
railroad /ations be=e r\gh alt>s &      
highly gild$ images4  ,! c&les1 always  

burn+1 sugge/ ! /r5g? ( t comm&1        
au?ority1 dogma1 belief1 :i* lies s     
heavily ^u ,russian m9ds4  ,"u su* a    
burd51 ! type ( music mu/ come )9 !     
re/rict$  range ( compreh5sion p]mitt$  
to ?is type ( m9d4 ,yet ?is  en=c$      
religion does n act m /]nly ^u ! *oice (
 music 9  ,russia1 ?an does ! free      
,dogmatic-,emotionalism se5 9 ,ocean    
,grove1  ,n4 ,j4 ,"h y f9d response to !
 same musical type t satisfi$  ,russian 
audi5ces ( a ,dogmatic-,emotional "*4   
,ocean ,grove  inhabitants d n pray 9   
public /ations1 b no c> runs on ,sunday2
  no wagons deliv] goods on ! ,sabba?1 !
 rules :i* gov]n conduct  & musical     
production 9 ,russia1 are n m /rictly   
obey$ ?an are  ^? :i* fr[n ^u ,sunday   
amusem5t 9 ,ocean ,grove1 or dictate its
  musical supply4 ,/range to note1 !    
,ca?olic elem5t is m op5 9  its         
8desecration0 ( ! ,sabba?1 ?an is !     
,prote/ant elem5t4 ,?is  may be acc\nt$ 
= by ! l>g] degree ( ,ideo-,motor       
activity among  ,ca?olic gr\ps1 not)/&+ 

! /r5g? ( ! ,*ur* hold ^u  ! fidelity ( 
its memb]s4    ,! ,dogmatic-,emotional  
gr\ps 8ne$0 a music to correspond to _! 
type1 & only su* music is successful )  
!m4 ,_m ye>s 9 *ur*  circles h prov$ to 
u ! real desire or 8ne$0 ( hymns &      
sacr$ songs1 z a satisfaction ( ?is     
type's ye>n+s4                          
,! ,rationali/ic ,gr\p4    ,n[ we come  
to a class ( comp>atively few           
repres5tatives4 ,x  pres5ts a ne>]      
approa* to symmetry 9 its curve ( m5tal 
&  physical poise4 ,x responds to /imuli
 appeal+ ?r\gh k  to ! high]            
intellectual processes4 ,ideals are     
/rong] ?an _!  physical manife/ations2 !
 idea is m important ?an ! model2  !    
type is less affect$ by common /imuli2 x
 secludes itself 9  contemplation1 9 m  
cool inve/igation ( its own responses2 x
  seeks food = m5tal labor1 ) "t =      
detail$ analysis ( t  "w4 ,all ?is means
 a m normal equilibrium betwe5 p]iods ( 
high motion & re/2 x means t a small]   
*ance ( 8di/urbance0  is enc\nt]$ by ?is

 type1 & consequ5tly a small] 8ne$0 (   
rhy?mic music4 ,! problem op]a w satisfy
 x4 ,9 less ne$ (  m>k$ rhy?m1 !        
analysis ( new musical =m w occupy ^!   
m9ds1 reg>dless ( ! lack ( ei!r rhy?mic 
or h>moni\s  effects4 ,! smallness ( !  
,rationali/ic gr\p is indicat$ by !     
unpopul>ity ( rationali/ic composition4 
,op]a managem5ts produce  ! new         
8rationali/ic0 works1 b !y make up _!   
f9ancial losses  by ! ,ideo-,emotional  
works l ,fau/1 ,c>m51 ,caval]ia         
,ru/icana1  ,madam ,butt]fly & mo/ ( !  
belov$ works ( ! popul> op]atic         
rep]toire4    ,?us we see t if music is 
a human ne$1 x is a ne$ greate/ among  !
 ,ideo-motor & ,ideo-,emotional types1  
or among ! l[] & middle  classes *iefly4
 ,! ,dogmatic-,emotional type ne$s a    
music ( its own1  & nev] fails to       
produce x4 ,! ,rationali/ic type1 also  
ne$s its  music1 because its rationalism
 has n yet ext5d$ to an absolute        
p]fection ( equilibrium betwe5          
dissipation & integration ( bodily      

=ces1 & :]ev] abnormality ( pulse exi/s1
 !re musical rhy?m  is 8ne$$40 ,ev5 7   
?is !ory ( musical ne$ n admitt$1 !     
g5u9e love ( music con/itutes a ne$4 ,s 
int5se a ye>n+1  unsatisfi$1 _c be      
b5eficial to ! human sy/em4 ,:e!r we    
admit music z a necess>y "p ( human     
pleasure1 or z a necess>y  /imulus to   
human rhy?m ( bodily motions1 its 8ne$0 
w sc>cely be  d5i$ 9 ! face ( its       
con/ant dem& & supply4 ,music re9=ces   
human en]gy1 aids 9 ! control & ord] ( !
 m9d1 elevates !  conception ( life1 &  
furni%es repose = ! ov]/imulat$ n]ves  (
 urban communities4 ,plac+ music !n :]e 
y w1 x belongs  among ^? 8bett] mat]ials
 = /or+1 convey+ & trans=m+  en]gy0#bg &
 its wise application may lead to       
surpris+ results1  9 ! cons]vation (    
faculties1 n[ doom$ to decay "u ! law ( 
dim9i%+ returns4    ,t "s *ange 9 !     
bodily molecules takes place z a result 
(  musical indulg5ce is believ$ by !    
au?or4 ,! *ange 9 ! pulse  rate be=e &  
aft] a musical p]=mance indicates an    

effect ^u  ! circulation4 ,! same "t    
sp5t 9 li/5+ to a lecture1 %[s  less    
fre$om f t5sion4 ,?is 0 %[n 9 ! #hd     
exp]im5ts )  work+ girls4 ,! #ajc b5efit
 te/s ^u revolution>y audi5ces  %[$ m>k$
 effects 9 calm+ p[]3 t5 ye>s' exp]i5ce 
9 *ur*  *oirs1 %[$ ! va/ sup]iority (   
s]vice ) music1 ov] s]vice  )\t music1 9
 calm+ excitable congregations & 9 r\s+ 
phlegmatic ones2 n9ety-"o consecutive   
exp]im5ts at ,coney ,isl&  demon/rat$ t 
music c calm revolt1 & *ange irritation 
to  tranquillity2 ov] ?ree hundr$ conc]t
 /udies 9 ,russia & 9 !  ,unit$ ,/ates h
 %[n m>k$ increase 9 ! normality (      
expression  9 audi5ces1 aft] an ev5+ (  
music1 & twelve ye>s ( exp]i5ce  9 tea*+
 music1 h %[n s decid$ results 9 great] 
heal? &  happ9ess 9 pupils1 t music z a 
human 8ne$0 appe>s to u to be  e/abli%$ 
beyond d\bt4    ,! ,f$]al gov]nm5t ( our
 ,unit$ ,/ates may n be able "u its     
,con/itution to in/itute ,s*ools (      
,music1 b ! /ates %\ld beg9  to give m  
consid]ation to ,/ate ,s*ools ( ,music4 

,if ! ,u4 ,s4  ,gov]nm5t is             
con/itutionally unable to ma9ta9        
,national ,s*ools (  ,music1 any        
comp>ison ) ,european gov]nm5ts s lic5s$
 by _!  con/itutions1 w\ld be unju/ &   
mislead+4 ,! /ati/ics giv5 are  int5d$  
m]ely to %[ :at ! v>i\s gov]nm5ts are   
do+ along  ! l9e ( national support (   
musical culture1 & no comp>ison is      
attempt$4 ,our ,/ates & cities are      
exp5d+ va/ sums ^u music4  ,! cont5tion 
( ! au?or1 h[ev]1 is t ,/ate ,musical   
,colleges  w n produce a national type (
 music1 & t ! highe/ ideal  re/s 9 a    
,f$]al control ( musical culture4 ,:5   
music c be  reg>d$ z a national ne$1 & n
 m]ely z a social div]sion1  ! ,f$]al   
gov]nm5t may see its way cle> to a      
,f$]al support (  musical education4    
,music z an important measure 9 social  
control1  & z an equally important      
factor 9 individual heal?1 belongs "u  !
 eye ( ! national head4 ,) ! fa9t hope t
 ?is place w  sometime be grant$ to     
music1 we submit ?is "w4                

,,footnotes3    #bf ,an atroci\s murd]  
_h be5 committ$ by "o ( ?is gr\p dur+  !
 week & ! ,mission ,sup]9t5d5t w>n$ u by
 telegram (  s]i\s revolt & dang]4      
#bg ,pr(essor ,gidd+s' 8,law ( ,increas+
 & ,dim9i%+ ,returns0  w\ld apply "h z  
else:]e4                                
,,*apt] ,,iv4                           
,,toneurology3 ,a ,,new ,,bran* ,,(     
,,/udy4      ,humanity !n mu/ ma9ta9 its
 pulse 9 a                              
rhy?mic-/imulation-&-repose-=-di/ributio
n sy/em4 ,?is c  be/ be done by ! great]
 ex]cise ( ! emotional nature1 & by  !  
indulg5ce ( romantic ideals1 = emotions 
are pulse-lift]s1  dragg+ ! /agnant life
 motions up to a normal mean rhy?m4 ,!  
man or nation1 ^: pulse is kept mo/     
con/antly key$ up to !  normal1 is ! man
 or nation :i* a*ieves ! f9e/ results4  
,our f\r national examples1 ,engl&1     
,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy1  demon/rate 
^! emotional products4 ,g]many leads 9  
h] quality (  musical 7or emotional7    
output1 because %e l$ dur+ ! c5tury 9   

h] suff]+s1 prep>$1 z !y 71 by s mu* (  
he>t break+  exp]i5ce dur+ ! prec$+     
c5tury4 ,france comes next4 ,h]         
national emotions h be5 weak5$ 9 tragic 
elem5ts by ! love  ( ! spectacul>1 by ! 
intellectual ne$ ( vivid pictures &     
colors1 & by ! ass]tiv5ess & pride ( an 
ance/ral supremacy1  h>d to subdue to ! 
/ate ( t5d] romance & he>t trag$y1 :i*  
*>act]iz$ ,g]many's /rong & s5tim5tal   
temp]am5t4 ,aft]  ,france comes ,italy1 
emotional1 poetic1 m]ry-he>t$1 mak+ a   
f>ce  ( trag$y because h] c5tury's life 
produc$ s little national  sadness4     
,only 9 rec5t ye>s has x come to be felt
 t ! mean  rhy?m ( ,g]many c become l ! 
mean rhy?m ( any nation1 ev5  ( ,italy1 
if ! dep?s or motions are s\nd$ z 7     
,g]many's4  ,engl& br+s up ! re>1 h]    
c5tury's mean rhy?m be+ f> bel[  ! high 
wat] m>k4 ,?is is %[n by ! delicate     
com$ies1 & naive  s5tim5talism ( h]     
music1 :i* are ! fit measure ( h]       
national  pulse rate ( emotionalism4    
,music1 z a human ne$1 c>ries u deep    

into ! secrets ( life1 &  w 9 "t op5 !  
way = a new sci5ce4 ,music is n ! "n =  
?is new bran* ( k1 z ! /udy w\ld involve
 an exhau/ive  inve/igation ( n]v\s     
reactions 9 _! social & individual      
relations to s\nd vibrations4 ,we w\ld  
sugge/ ! "n 8,toneurology0  because tone
 is und]/ood 9 all mod]n languages1 &   
8neuros0 has  ! same advantage4 ,?is    
/udy w\ld involve rese>* along entirely 
new l9es1 su* z an inve/igation (       
motions 9 bodily organs2  ma!matical    
e/imation ( ! vibration value ( ea*     
pulse beat1 &  ( ! sums ( tone          
vibrations 9 *ords1 ^u "o in/rum5t & ^u 
_m1 z 9 an or*e/ra2 ! rate ( increase or
 decrease ( ! pulse  aft] contact )     
tonal =ce1 ) approximate computation ( !
  "t t ! latt] c ma9ta9 a normal pulse1 
& ! necess>y  frequ5cy ( its            
application4 ,! rese>* /ud5t 9 ?is new  
sci5ce  mu/ h a work+ k ( physics1      
biology1 psy*ology1  sociology1 h>mony1 
c\nt]po9t1 musical hi/ory1 political    
hi/ory  & physiology1 ) a new /udy ( !  

,human ,w4 ,we %\ld ?us add  a new      
sci5ce to ! gr\p ( exact concrete       
sci5ces4    ,x is ) no little diffid5ce 
t we sugge/ ?is z a new bran*  ( /udy4  
,!re are indications t univ]sities      
adopt+ ,music into  _! li/s ( /udies1   
recognize ! ne$ ( ,music's clos] t\*  ) 
sci5tific c\rses4 ,if ,music is ev] to  
outgr[ its swaddl+  clo!s ( s5tim5tal & 
frivol\s sup]ficiality1 & m]e amusem5t  
conception1 x mu/ cle>ly manife/ its    
sci5tific dignity1 & its  insep>able    
connection ) physics1 sociology1 biology
 & psy*ology4  ,x mu/ take its place    
among ^? /udies :i* enc\rage sci5tific  
te/s & lifelong rese>*4 ,x mu/ leave its
 hi!rto 8div9e aspect0  on ! rubbi%     
heap1 along ) ! 8div9e rights0 ( k+s1   
magic1  ance/or wor%ip1 & gho/ !ories4  
,we believe "s secrets ( life           
pres]vation w be f\nd 9 ,toneurology4   
,! curi\s effect ( ,music ^u gr\ps      
sugge/s a possible c\nt]p>t  ( su*      
reaction ^u individuals4 ,music1 once   
reg>d$ 9 t]ms  ( motion1 ) laws ( motion

 likewise appli$ to ! bodily            
integrations1 ! pa? op5s out cle> &     
true4    ,! fact t m51 9 spite ( all !  
great sci5tific discov]ies1  h>d5 & fade
 ) age1 t5ds to prove t ! human body has
 n  be5 completely envisag$ by any or   
all ( !m4 ,we (f] "h a /udy  :i*        
includes _m ( ! ab/ract & concrete      
sci5ces b direct$  t[>ds a new          
comb9ation1 i4 e41 tone & n]ve1 to be   
te/$ &  quantitatively measur$ "u ! laws
 ( motion in/ead ( "u !  laws (         
p]ception & ( appreciation4 ,we take    
,music out ( ! field  ( ideals entirely1
 & place x ^u a level ) rhy?m e/abli%]s1
  incid5t =ces1 & pulse fill]s4 ,our    
/ati/ics#bh %[ !  sub-consci\s          
appreciation ( ,music z a human ne$ by !
 c\ntries  repres5t$1 & ^? gov]nm5ts %[ 
a l>g] proportion (  int]nal unre/ :]e  
musical provision is small4 ,?is te/1   
al?\gh  indicative1 is f> f             
satisfactory1 s9ce no provision1        
adequate to  act con/antly ^u ! life    
=ces1 has z yet be5 made4               

,,footnotes3    #bh ,see page #ajb4     
,,"p ,,ii4                ,,!           
,,int]-,,reactions ,,( ,,music ,,&      
,,national ,,life4                      
,introductory ,note to ,*apt]s ,v-,,vii4
      ,! foll[+ outl9es ( musical       
productions dur+ ! ,n9ete5?  c5tury 9   
,italy1 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,france1 & !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 are  int5d$ to %[ h[     
precisely ! dep? & nature ( di/urbances 
are  measurable by ! ,music ( ea*       
c\ntry4 ,ea* musical type pictures !    
8ne$0 ( ! nation 9 "q1 & is peculi> to !
 "* (  ea* human aggregate4    ,!       
/ati/ics receiv$ by u & pres5t$ lat] 9  
?is "w1#bi  indicate n only ! ext5t to  
:i* ,music is n[ reg>d$ 9 its  utility  
aspect by diff]5t nations1 b also %[ !  
protection giv5  to ?is                 
z-yet-misund]/ood =ce4 ,9 ?is day (     
g5]al culture1  ! read]'s acqua9tance ) 
! ma9 outl9es ( ! political &  economic 
hi/ory ( ^! peoples may be assum$4 ,!   
,music ( ea*  nation w be se5 to picture
 closely ! national emotions consequ5t  

^u ! national /imuli4      ,,footnotes3 
#bi ,! /ati/ics ^u :i* ^! conclusions   
are bas$ w be  f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,c & ,e4 
,,*apt] ,v4                             
,,italy 7#ahjj-aiac74      ,national    
,music is ! language ( national emotion4
 ,! latt] is  ! result & reflection (   
economic /imuli4 ,! ,music ( a p]iod    
exhibits ! *>act]i/ics ( national       
di/urbances at e po9t 9  economic       
hi/ory4    ,italy1 subject$ to a mu*    
light] =m ( /imuli ?an  ,engl& or       
,g]many1 has n yet ceas$ to manife/ h]  
%ort-duration-excitability1 h] love ( ! 
m]ely s5su\s 9 beauty1  :i* %[s t !     
anci5t int5se di/urbances ( h] real     
dep?s  h n be5 repeat$ 9 rec5t times4   
,! p]iod f #ahjj to #ahdh pres5ts a     
m5tal /ate ( little  di/urbance1 !      
,italian social m9d hav+ n yet awak5$ f 
its  ,eighte5? c5tury submissiv5ess &   
inaction4 ,x w be int]e/+  to analyze   
emotions ( ?is p]iod & _! expression 9  
,music4    ,0 trag$y ! dom9ant factor 9 
economic life8 ,no4 ,! social  pressure 

( ?is p]iod 0 light1 ev5 m]ry1 ) !      
lightness (  lazy enjoym5t 9 an         
unambiti\s m9d4 ,curiosity 0 awak5$ b x 
0 9 its wond] /age1 act+ sl[ly ^u h9ts  
receiv$ f !  cynicism ( ,france1 f ! p[]
 ( labor ideas f ,engl&1 &  f !         
disrespect = ,papal au?ority com+ f     
,g]many4 ,l a  mirror = ! reflection ( !
 %>p b %all[ emotions produc$  by ^!    
/imuli1 7 ! musical works ( ,ross9i     
con/itut+  ! public emotional valves4 ,!
 8,b>bi]e di ,sevilla10 ) its  wit*+    
humor1 its delicate satire1 its         
political allusions1 & its  portraits ( 
! life ( ! nation1 0 a con/ant s\rce (  
delight  to unreflect+ ,italian ?\ght4  
,ross9i's skill 9 ! op]a-buffa  0 m>k$4 
,= ! p>ty ( ! ,ca?olic fai? he compos$ 8
  8,/abat ,mat]10 equally f9e1 b pictur+
 ev5 9 ^! m s]i\s  emotion-valves1 ^?   
sup]ficial m\lds 9 :i* ! public ?\ght  0
 ca/4 ,! works ( ,donizetti 7 no less   
bewit*+ & no less  trivial1 :ile ! s(t &
 s5tim5tal "* ( ,bell9i's g5ius  f\nd   
answ]+ e*oes 9 e ,italian ideal4        

,dramatic passion 0 n  lack+ 9 8,norma10
 b ! atmosph]e ( ev5 ?is glimpse (      
future  dep? 9 ,italian emotionalism1 0 
nev] q free f ! weak  traits ( ,bell9i's
 s*ool4 ,vocalism extraord9>y 0 ! dem& (
  ! op]a1 & ! display 9 voice te*nique 0
 rem>kable4 ,?is 0  n1 h[ev]1 out (     
place 9 com$y op]a1 :]e dep? ( s5tim5t  
nev] rea*$ ! mod]n ridicul\s spectacle (
 vocaliz$ he>t  break+s1 tuneful murd]s1
 & dea? gasps ^u assign$ tone pit*es4   
,! ov]-dress$ or*e/rations ( pres5t day 
op]as1 ! s5seless  h[l+ ( a s+le voice  
above ! comb9$ vibrations ( a hundr$ or 
m active in/rum5ts1 ! absurd idea (     
pr(\nd vocal passion1  _h n yet di/ort$ 
! orig9al op]atic idea1 :i* /ill dwelt 9
  ! true realm ( its effectiv5ess1      
namely1 t ( ! pres5tation  ( ! lovely1 !
 gay1 ! pa!tic1 ! comic4 ,! supremacy ( 
!  human voice z a vehicle ( expression 
0 9 no way endang]$ by !  abnormal ta/e 
( our own day4 ,t[>d ! middle ( !       
,n9ete5?  c5tury1 z ! _s ( ! "t deep5$ 9
 int5sity1 op]as ( a  m s]i\s nature    

held _! %>e ( public att5tion4          
,donizetti's  8,lucrezia ,borgia0 0     
pres5t$ 9 #ahdd1 aft] sev]al o!rs (     
dramatic color1 among :i* ,ross9i's     
8,william ,tell0 & 8,o!llo0 7  works (  
real dramatic p[]4    ,= sev]al c5turies
 ! ,/ate _h ex]cis$ control ov] musical 
education 9 ,italy4 ,9 ,rome1 f its     
e>lie/ days1 in/itutions (  ,music _h   
exi/$4 ,music 0 reg>d$ z a necessity r  
?an z a  luxury4 ,su* w be ! attitude   
assum$ t[>d ,music 9 ! future1  :5      
psy*ologi/s & sociologi/s %all h /udi$ m
 deeply into  ! relations ( artificially
 creat$ rhy?m to bodily rhy?m1 & also   
into ! ne$ ( re-e/abli%+ di/urb$ bodily 
rhy?m1 manife/$ 9  ! abnormal pulse dur+
 emotional /ates ( m9d4    ,dur+ !      
,eighte5? c5tury ea* ( ! l>ge t[ns (    
,italy  support$ its own op]a h\se & "o 
_c e/imate to :at ext5t  ^! emotion     
valves 7 in/rum5tal 9 ! easy subjugation
 ( !  p4    ,7 ,music to be bani%$ f any
 "o ( ! civiliz$ c\ntries  today1 an>*y 
might v %ortly result4 ,:o c say t !    

fr5zi$  lic5se :i* foll[$ ,cromwell's   
suppression ( musical indulg5ce1  0 n   
due 9 "p to ! clos+ ( ,engl&'s emotion  
valves8    ,! pres5t craze = ! viol5t   
action dances1 repres5t$ 9  !           
turkey-trot & ! tango1 is1 9 ! op9ion ( 
! au?or1 a  natural expression ( ! human
 ne$ ( pron\nc$ rhy?m4 ,x is  a         
sub-consci\s ef=t to supply ! lack (    
pron\nc$ rhy?mic  /imulus 9 economic    
life4 ,! late t5d5cy 9 musical          
composition  has also be5 away f ! old  
rhy?mic acc5t & 9 ! direction  ( di/urb$
 h>monies1 & lack ( re/ful melodies4    
,?us !  ov]-/imulat$ n]ves ( humanity h 
be5 expos$ to an un*eck$  abnormality ( 
_! motions4 ,! dances above m5tion$     
p>tly rem$y  ?is defect 9 bodily action1
 & re/ore relative equilibrium--h5ce  ! 
craze = ?is =m ( amusem5t4 ,notice1     
h[ev]1 t p  w n take "p 9 ei!r ( ^!     
dances = a mom5t1 )\t  ! ,music4 ,!     
movem5t alone is n ! ne$2 ! ,music is ! 
*ief factor1 ! rhy?m ( :i* is m]ely     
acc5t$ & acc5tuat$  by ! movem5ts4 ,^!  

dances may be sav+ ! sanity ( c\ntless  
?\s&s4 ,:y !n ! sugge/$ ban on ?is human
 ne$8 ,if ^!  dance =ms are n desirable1
 !n sweep away ! pres5t musical         
abom9ations & br+ melody &--above       
all--m>k$ rhy?m )9  rea* ( ! masses4    
,we %all n[ proce$ to take up ! ?read ( 
,italian musical life  at #ahdh :5      
social pressure 0 assum+ a d>k] hue1    
acute ev5  9 its %ort-liv$ t]rors1 z    
befits ! ,italian temp]am5t4 ,?is       
temp]am5t1 unlike t ( ,g]many "u tragic 
conditions1 mu/  ei!r die 9 despair or  
recov] quickly4 ,x is ev] 9 %ort runs   
betwe5 sobs & a je/1 ev] 9 fi]y mom5ts &
 m]ry half-h\rs1  ev] *ild-l at he>t1   
yet m>vell\sly gift$1 beauty-lov+ &     
s5tim5tal4 ,italy might n live ?r\gh a  
8,?irty ,ye>s ,w>10 b  ) ! inspiration (
 ! "r lead]s1 %e might create a new     
,roman ,republic1 "u ! =ceful /imulus ( 
(t-reliev$ bur/s (  en?usiasm4    ,!    
/r5u\s ye>s f #ahdh to #ahfj1           
suffici5tly ar\s$ ! ,italian  _s to     
produce mu* t has s9ce develop$ to !    

cr$it ( !  c\ntry4 ,a deep] tone _h be5 
/ruck 9 ,italian ideals1 ?\gh n         
suffici5tly deep to revolutionize       
completely ! nation's ta/e =  ^? old =ms
 ( ,music1 s ess5tially a "p ( ! melody 
lov+  race4    ,/ill trag$y %ad[$ !     
public m9d1 & ,v]di pictur$ ^! gloomy   
ye>s 9 ! op]as 8,rigoletto0 7#ahea71    
8,la ,traviata0 7#ahec71 8,il           
,trovatore0 7#ahec71 & 8,aida0 7#ahga74 
,v]di 0 ! idol ( ! p1  because 8 g5ius  
fitt$ into ! conditions ( 8 "t1         
illu/rat+  ! !ory ( ! pres5t            
inve/igation4    ,! ignorance ( !       
,italians1 patricians & peasantry alike1
 made  ! function+ ( ,italy's really    
great lit]>y works dur+ !  ,n9ete5?     
c5tury1 impot5t z /imuli productive (   
national &  contemporane\s reactions4 ,(
 late1 h[ev]1 a new educational impulse 
has be5 giv5 by ! e/abli%m5t ( ! public 
s*ool4 ,?is is  c]ta9 greatly to        
increase /imuli products 9 ! ,italian   
n]v\s  sy/em1 & ! ,italian ne$ = a      
correspond+ complexity 9 its  ,music is 

ev5 n[ be+ manife/$4    ,) ! in/allation
 ( transport facilities to ! new _w1 a  
fre% & some:at romantic /imulus has be5 
giv5 to ! ,italian  p4 ,! lett]s ( abs5t
 relatives reflect _w news1 & wid5      
m5tal views = :ole villages4 ,besides1  
railroads h op5$ up new  int]c\rse      
betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ,italy1 & !       
telegraph1  electric light1 new home    
inv5tions1 indu/rial occupations1       
factories  & s =?1 ea* 9 turn--or at    
times all toge!r--h di/urb$  ! bodily   
rhy?m by increas$ /imulation1 s t ! late
 dem&s  = realism 9 ,france & ,g]many   
did inde$ f9d p>tial e*o 9  ,italy1 9   
8,! ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana0 ( ,mascagni1 a
 spectacul> b n  pr(\nd op]a1 :i* ar\s$ 
amaz+ en?usiasm by its *>act]i/ic       
pres5tation ( famili> =ms4 ,^! 7 new 9  
_! reali/ic  color1 yet old 9 ,italian  
life1 & !y pictur$ 9 _! dramatic        
action1 ! /rong] ta/e ( ! day4 ,pucc9i  
mirror$ ! /ill  deep] /imulus ( 8 "t1 9 
8 8,manon ,lescaut0 7#ahic71 8,la       
,boheme0  7#ahif71 8,la ,tosca0 7#aijj7 

& 8,madam ,butt]fly0 7#aijd71 ! latt]   
inconsi/5t 9 its mixture ( trag$y ) s(t 
,italian tunefulness1  = ev5 ,pucc9i    
fails to disc>d ! *>act]i/ic tunefulness
 (  8 race1 9 8 too evid5t /riv+ = su*  
discordant effects1 z1  h[ev]1          
un9t5tionally repres5t ! discordant     
elem5ts 9 ,italy's  mod]n civilization4 
,^! works %[ t ,italy has awak5$ f h]   
lazy sleep "u !  rule ( =eign]s1 & t %e 
is n[ beg9n+ to feel ! /ir  ( l>g]      
economic di/urbances1 9 ^? dep?s ( !    
social m9d1  already s ?or\ghly /irr$ & 
active 9 ,france & ,g]many4    ,! c>e   
giv5 to ! musical ne$s ( ,italy by h]   
c5tral au?orities  is %[n lat] 9 ?is    
book4#cj      ,,footnotes3    #cj ,see  
,app5dices ,c & ,e4                     
,,*apt] ,,vi4                           
,,engl& 7#ahjj-aiac74      ,! hi/ory (  
,engl& dur+ ! ,n9ete5? c5tury pres5ts b 
little di/urbance at home1 along l9es   
calculat$ s to move m5tal  dep?s1 z to  
produce complicat$ re-e/abli%+ =ms 9    
musical  rhy?m4 ,labor tr\bles h>ass$ ! 

national ?\ght 9 _! usual  sup]ficial   
mann]1 r>ely caus+ ! loss ( a night's   
sleep1 or  ! di/urbance ( appetite1 & ! 
_m re=ms 9 ! int]e/ (  trade1 affect$ b 
sl[ly ! dep?s ( emotionalism4 ,x has ev]
  be5 a noticeable fact1 t imp]sonal or 
di/ant calamities b  slightly ar\se !   
national emotions4 ,p read & comm5t ^u  
! slaught] ( wom5 & *ildr51 & at ! same 
"t pleasurably  p>take ( a good d9n]4 ,!
 fact is1 t emotions are n easily  ar\s$
 by di/ant /imuli1 & p also respond )   
ev]  decreas+ =ce to un*ang+ pres5t     
/imuli4    ,pres5t day labor agitations 
h already pass$ ! b\nd>ies ( mild       
/imulation1 & are fa/ becom+ emotional  
=ces :i* are evid5tly  driv+ headlong   
into gov]nm5tal *ange4 ,capitalism has  
run its  oppressive c\rse1 & = ! ne>    
future a g5u9ely s\l-te>+  agitation is 
prep>+1 :i*1 if all[$ to rip op5 ! ve9s 
( !  nation1 w produce ! /imuli1 t      
ev5tually w end[ ,engli%  ,music ) a    
ri*ness & dep?1 sup]ior to t ( any o!r  
c\ntry4  ,briti% emotions h be5 sleep+  

deeply "u two c5turies ( mild  emotional
 /imuli1 b :5 !y d /ret* _! /rong fibres
 =  action1 !n "o may inde$ tremble = ! 
old sy/ems ( ,engli%  gov]nm5t2 & !n    
also ! great musical triumphs ( ,belgium
 &  ,g]many may be surpass$4 ,consid]+ !
 m5tal attitude ( !  ,briti% community  
dur+ ! ,n9ete5? c5tury1 & at ! pres5t   
day1 x 0 to be expect$ t ,balfe's       
8,lurl9e0 %\ld repres5t  ! nation's     
rhy?mic ne$ up to #ahgj1 & t ! musical  
works (  ,b5$ict 78,! ,lily (           
,kill>ney10 & ! oratorios ( 8,/4 ,pet]0 
& 8,/4 ,cecilia071 %\ld h f\nd popul>   
appreciation up to  #ahhe4 ,b ! compos] 
:o be/ illu/rates ,engl&'s *>act]i/ic   
activity1--t ( colonization1--its       
milit>y & political aspects1  ! clean   
m9d$ & religi\s attitude ( ,victoria's  
rule1 & !  g5]al lightly di/urb+        
*>act]i/ics ( ,n9ete5? c5tury  economic 
/imuli1 0 ,sir ,ar?ur ,sullivan 9 8 *>m+
 works1 8,!  ,mikado10 8,p9a=e10 8,!    
,pirates ( ,p5zance10 8,pati5ce10 8,!   
,yeoman  ( ! ,gu>d10 8,iolan!0 & 8,!    

,sorc]]40 ,engl& did mu* 9 ?is  c5tury  
to advance ! culture ( ,music )9 h]     
bord]s4 ,! ,royal  head 0 patron ( su*  
in/itutions z ,! ,royal ,academy ( ,s\? 
,k5s+ton1 ,! ,royal ,college ( ,music1  
,! ,guildhall ,s*ool ( ,music  & ,tr9ity
 ,college4 ,^! are 9 g5]al support$ by  
gov]nm5t  grants1 donations1 & subscrib+
 patrons4#ca ,! national fai? is  /ill  
/rongly express$ 9 ! ext5sive           
cultivation ( ! oratorio1  :ile ! secul>
 ideal has n yet become suffici5tly     
abnormal to  g5u9ely enc\rage ,music ( !
 pres5t ,fr5* & ,g]man s*ools4  ,?is is 
probably because ,engl&'s emotions are n
 9 ne$ ( su*  repres5tations1 s9ce !y   
are /ill adequately reflect$ 9 !  light]
 works ( ,italian g5ius1 z express$ by  
,v]di#cb & 9  h] own lovely light op]as4
 ,x seems m ?an a co9cid5ce t  ! ,music 
( a c\ntry s m>vell\sly reflects ! "* ( 
!  economic /imuli ( its p]iod1 z does  
,great ,brita9's4    ,t ,engl& has a    
g5u9e c>e = ! developm5t ( musical      
culture  9 h] realm is %[n by ! lett] f 

! ,bo>d ( ,education1  ,:itehall1       
,london4#cc      ,,footnotes3    #ca    
8,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,encyclop$ia (      
,music10 volume on ,=eign  ,music1 p4   
#bjf4    #cb ,we leave out ( acc\nt 8   
8,fal/aff40    #cc ,see ,app5dix ,e4    
,,*apt] ,,vii4                          
,,g]many 7#ahjj-aiac74      ,! _w today 
is /ill p]ceiv+ 9 ,g]many's ,music1 !   
int5sity  ( ,g]many's emotions1 z ar\s$ 
dur+ ! ,sev5te5? & ,eighte5?  c5turies4 
,let u see if ,g]many's tragic          
emotionalism has produc$ its lik5ess  9 
,music1 ?us wisely furni%+ an outlet =  
revolution>y en]gy1  & at ! same "t     
wield+ a p[]ful & tranquilliz+ w& ov]  a
 gr[+ re/lessness ( _s4 ,let u see :e!r 
! great tragic  dep?s ( emotional life  
?r\gh :i* ,g]many has pass$1 dur+  at   
lea/ two-?irds ( ! ,n9ete5? c5tury1     
support our !sis  by hav+ result$ 9 !   
creation ( a deep & tragic ,music1 )    
revolution>y h>mony at its summit4      
,ludwig von ,bee?ov5's g5ius 0 su* z    
greatly to influ5ce !  entire ,n9ete5?  

c5tury ,music4 ,he reign$ supreme 9 !   
symphony  & sonata fields1 :]e dignifi$ 
composition f\nd its mo/ fitt+  musical 
=ms4 ,! public 01 at ! close ( !        
,eighte5? c5tury1  actively support+ its
 own musical m>ket ?r\gh publi%+ h\ses  
& public conc]ts1 s t ! exclusive       
patronage ( ! nobility  c\ld be l>gely  
disp5s$ ) by compos]s1 to _! own inf9ite
  advantage1 by mak+ possible a wid]    
psy*ic expression 9 _!  works1 & 9 !    
production ( ,music ( m pron\nc$        
national  color4 ,p5sions 7 /ill grant$ 
to not$ compos]s1 b ^! did  n fett] !m z
 completely z !y _h =m]ly done4 ,t      
,g]many1  at t "t1 c\ld produce a "* s  
simple & noble1 z 0  manife/$ by        
,bee?ov5's life1 sugge/s ! religi\s     
/imuli :i*  act$ ^u 8 p>5ts4 ,all ( 8   
e>ly works exhibit ?is *a/e  adh]5ce to 
! e/abli%$ ideals 9 ,music4 ,beautiful  
dep?s are  reveal$ ev]y:]e1 & a solemn  
e>ne/ness p]vades 8 lighte/             
productions4 ,we love & rev]e ,bee?ov51 
unconsci\sly feel+ "s  /rong1 pure &    

noble influ5ce :i* 0 awak5+ 9 ! ,g]man  
m9d4#cd    ,! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,n9ete5?    
c5tury br\ght1 ) _! political           
di/urbance1 a ta/e = ! old knightly     
ballads4 ,^! 71 )  ! 8,li$]10 :i* s     
closely pictur$ ! newly ris+ fe>lessness
  ( ! p1 beautifully express$ 9 ! g5ius 
( ,franz ,s*ub]t4  ,at ?is "t ! social  
position ( ! nobility 0 z insecure  z 0 
! political peace ( all ,europe4 ,! rise
 ( ! p's  voice 0 %[n 9 ! importance    
giv5 to ! 8folk-song40 ,great  emphasis 
0 n[ laid ^u ! texts ( ^! songs         
!mselves1 ?us  aga9 subject+ ,music to  
poetry1 ! p's spee*1 z oppos$ to  :at 0 
! rule 9 ! ,eighte5? c5tury1 :5 texts   
meant no?+  to ! empty-head$ ari/ocracy1
 & s5su\s tones & bewild]+  te*nique    
held sway4 ,yet rhy?m /ill rema9s m>k$1 
& ! tunes  are /ill full ( s5tim5tal    
sugge/ion4 ,song is n ! vehicle (       
int5se emotion1 & inde$ at ?is p]iod1   
emotion _h n yet rea*$  a po9t (        
int5sity 9 ,g]man economic life4 ,!     
great emotional  possibilities ( ,g]many

 7 /ill subdu$ by petty p[]s1 & !       
8,li$0 suffici5tly express$ ! social    
pressure ( ! "t1 :5  ! p did n c>e mu*  
:o rul$ !m1 s long z !re 0  en\gh to    
eat1 & s long z good be] accompani$ _!  
m]rim5t4  ,trag$y 0 9 action1 b _h n yet
 dug h] claws into ! dep?s  ( ,g]man    
emotion4 ,x 0 n ! "t = deep dramatic    
op]a4 ,!  prevail+ ta/e crav$ ! romantic
 quality sugge/$ by w> h]oes (  !       
,napoleonic type4 ,napoleon's almo/     
unv>y+ triumph embelli%$  8 reputation )
 god-l1 impossible attributes4 ,f9ally 8
  romantic sway & sad end awak5$ e*oes (
 anci5t *ivalry 9 !  ?\ghts wov5 ab\t 8 
"n4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,s*ub]t's works  
7 n publi%$ be=e #ahba1 because ! ,g]man
 musician 0 /ill  dom9at$ by ! ,italian 
s*ool4 ,! di/urb$ p]iod be=e ?is date  0
 unproductive ( nationalism 9 any =m4 ,!
 m5tal color ( #ahba  0 ess5tially      
lyrical1 & ,s*ub]t's songs /ruck ! "r   
note 9  public feel+ f ?is date on4 ,new
 =ms 7 aris+ on e h&4  ,classic !mes _h 
_h _! day4 ,s*ill] & ,goe! _h inspir$   

art  & lit]ature ) new ideals4 ,c>l von 
,web] exhibit$ new me?ods 9  8 epo* m>k+
 ,g]man op]a 8,d] ,freis*utz10 9 #ahba4 
,?is op]a  s\nd$ ! dea? knell ( ! reign 
( ,italian ,music 9 ,g]many4  ,9 ?is "w 
von ,web] d>$ to picture ! real life ( !
 ,g]man  p1 & to give ! folk-song a     
prom95t position1 ?\gh he  weak5$ !     
pres5tation by ! introduction (         
sup]natural effects4    ,note ! public  
m9d 9 ?is success6 ,g]many want$ its own
 texts1  its own life1 its own /yle     
repres5t$ 9 ! ,music x 0 to enjoy4  ,:5 
_h ! ,g]mans ev] d>$ to %[ s /range a   
t5d5cy be=e8  ,!n came ! 8h]oic0 op]a ) 
its silly plot1 su/a9$ musical          
inv5tion1 new me?od ( treat+ !          
recitative z "p ( ! melody1  & great]   
ri*ness ( or*e/ral effects1 9 :i* "o    
sees !  fir/ t\*es ( real dramatic      
in/rum5tal treatm5t4 ,von ,web] 0  !    
flag-pole = ! bann] ( ,wagn]1 & 8 g5ius 
is a true  reflection ( ,g]many's social
 pressure4 ,up to #ahei ,spohr ex]t$ a  
s]i\s & dignifi$ influ5ce ^u ! viol9 art

 ( ,g]many1 b 8  heavi] works did n rea*
 ! importance ( von ,web]'s1 :i* _h     
truly illu/rat$ ! m5tal t5d5cy ( ! "t4  
,9 works ( great  beauty & m]it         
,kreutz]1 ,lortz+ & ,nicolai repres5t$  
diff]5t  phases ( ?is social m9d4       
,rob]t ,s*umann did n contribute to !   
actual ne$ ( ! p  until #ahdj-ahda :5 he
 produc$ a l>ge numb] ( exquisite songs4
  ,8 piano works1 h[ev]1 exhibit m      
orig9ality & great]  /r5g? & dep?2 !y   
indicate a great] ma/]y ( ! classic     
ideal1 %[ ext5d$ *ord effects1 & pres5t 
broadness ( idea4  ,a new feature "h 0 !
 syncopat$ acc5t4#ce ,?is 0 !  beg9n+ ( 
t break+ ( ! rhy?mic effect :i*1 to our 
m9d1  has n only be5 detrim5tal to !    
b5eficial results ( ,music z  a         
rhy?m-re-e/abli%]1 b :i* has also be5 ! 
=]unn] (  our ,am]ican 8craze0 =        
8ragtime0 ,music4 ,x 0 an 8out-(-ord]0  
effect1 & came f an 8out-(-ord]0 m9d1 = 
poor ,s*umann di$  insane at ,bonn 9    
#ahef4 ,s*umann1 m ?an any o!r compos] (
 8  "t1 connect$ economic /imuli )      

emotionalism1 & ! titles he  gave 8     
piano works1 reveal$ 8 belief t ,music  
c\ld be made  to express def9ite        
conceptions4 ,s*umann n only felt ! ne$ 
(  rhy?mic works1 b he also produc$ !m1 
& ! ri*ness ( 8  h>mony is m pron\nc$ 9 
effect ?an ,s*ub]t's4 ,yet ev5 ,s*umann 
did n s\nd ! dep?s ( ,g]man trag$y1     
because ! social pressure  0 n yet *>g$ 
) tragic /imuli4 ,! c5tury _h n yet     
wrung ! ,g]man he>t4 ,x 0 /ill          
submissive1 al?\gh 9 fe>ful             
contemplation ( its possibilities1 nor  
_h x z yet be5 ar\s$  into active fury =
 national unity4 ,trag$y alone c\ld     
fully move  ^? mu* tri$ ,teutonic dep?s4
 ,! int]e/ manife/$ 9 ,s*umann's        
musical p]iodical 8,die ,neue           
,zeits*rift fr ,musik0 prov$ t !  gr[? (
 musical k 9 public culture 0 keep+ pace
 )  ! increas+ complication ( economic  
life1 & ) ! gr[+  int5sity ( its        
emotion-produc+ influ5ces4 ,z complicat$
 z !  =ces :i* succe$ 9 ar\s+ national  
emotions1 are ! musical  con/ructions   

:i* are contemporane\s ) su* =ces4      
,m5delssohn  reflect$ ! reaction>y feel+
 ( "o "p ( public ?\ght1 b  he did n    
dom9ate 9 8 field z did von ,web] &     
,s*umann4 ,ba*  & ,hndel influ5c$ 8 "w1 
& l5t x ! *ief beauty evid5t  9 8 _m    
*>m+ productions4 ,8 own life ( ease &  
weal?  prev5t$ 8 be+ subject$ to ^?     
h>r[+ exp]i5ces1 s  necess>y to ! soil (
 g5ius4 ,= ^! reasons he _c repres5t  m 
?an a c]ta9 phase ( t :ole social m9d1  
:i* f\nd  its complete reflection 9     
,s*umann4 ,dur+ ! p]iod be=e #ahdi1  x  
is significant t ! waltz & ! op]etta    
%\ld h begun  _! %all[ b necess>y       
exi/5ces 9 ,g]man life4 ,progress &     
prosp]ity _h giv5 a k9d ( c>eless       
capacity = enjoym5t to !  p1 & a t5d5cy 
t[>d unheal?y sluggi%ness ( ! national  
pulse4 ,b we mu/ notice t ! public dem&$
 ! mo/ pron\nc$  rhy?m z a means (      
imp>t+ to ! body an excitation ( a high]
  degree ( rhy?mic motion4 ,?is 0       
suppli$ p]fectly 9 ! waltz4  ,0 ?is !   
fir/ /ep backw>d to ,grecian rhy?mic    

ex]cises8 ,!  dance is z old z human    
life1 b ! waltz is peculi>ly s5su\s  &  
suavely rhy?mic1 & its developm5t by    
,johann ,/rauss came at an              
extraord9>ily receptive mom5t 9 social  
desire4 ,"o mu/ attempt to  place "o's  
own consci\sness 9 ! imag9>y body ( a   
p]son liv+  9 ^? times1 9 ord] to feel !
 ne$ ( ! waltz4 ,z our own "t  is ne>   
en\gh 9 /imuli simil> to t p]iod be=e   
#ahdh1 ! feat  may n be impossible4 ,!  
y\ng] ,/rauss reflect$ mo/ p]fectly !   
re/ful p]iod1 :i* foll[$ ! unification (
 ! ,g]mans4    ,b ,ri*>d ,wagn] m>ks !  
highe/ po9t ( ,g]man social pressure4   
,?is ma/] did n defeat our !sis 9 ! lea/
 degree1 ev5 9  8 e>ly works1 :i* 7 z   
cons]vative z any o!rs ( !  times4      
,until #ahdb 8 life 0 unsettl$ & 8 c>e] 
d\btful4  8,ri5zi10 giv5 at ,dresd5 9   
?is ye>1 prov$ a great success1 &  9    
#ahdc is 8,flieg5de ,holl5d]0 %[$ ! fir/
 positive adoption  ( revolution>y ideas
 9 ,music1 al?\gh 8,ri5zi0 conta9$ "s   
significant ref]5ces to fre$om & to !   

p[] ( ! p4  ,wagn] c]ta9ly held !       
radical convictions ( ! "t1 & 8  lat]   
works 7 und\bt$ly inspir$ by ! /irr+    
/imuli ( !n  exi/+ social pressure4 ,9  
#ahej 8,loh5gr90 0 produc$ ) great      
success4 ,_m trials torm5t$ ! _s (      
,wagn] until #ahfa1 :5  8 8,tannhus]0 0 
produc$ 9 ,p>is amid ! h[l+ ( radical   
mobs1 :o lit]ally =c$ x into failure4   
,all ?is "t 8 op]as  _h be5 a "p (      
,g]many's op]atic rep]toire1 b 8 greate/
  /rokes 9 musical revolution 7 yet     
unfelt4 ,humiliation & pov]ty1  malice &
 active enmity1 assail$ him at e po9t4  
,yet bravely  defiant1 truly reflect+ ! 
,g]man temp] ( t p]iod1 he  succe$$ 9   
ga9+ ! patronage ( ,k+ ,ludwig ,,ii (   
,bav>ia1 & 9  #ahfe 8,tri/an0 0 produc$4
 ,?is 0 a "w :i* entirely ov]turn$  !   
traditional /ructure ( op]atic ideals & 
made x possible  = 8 enemies to deprive 
him ( 8 hop$-= refuge 9 ! ,k+'s  favor4 
,b 9 #ahfh 8,die ,mei/]sng]0 0 p]=m$ at 
,muni*4 ,?is  "w pres5t$ a g5u9e plea = 
great] fre$om 9 art creations  &        

exhibit$ a p]fection ( musical treatm5t1
 comb9$ ) d>+  innovations1 :i* to ?is  
day con/itute a la/+ *>m4 ,aft] _m      
mis=tunes1 b ) a consci\sness t 8 works 
_h e/abli%$  ,g]man op]a ^u a new &     
ideal basis1 ,wagn] realiz$ 8 dreams  9 
! production ( 8,d] ,r+ des ,nibelung50 
9 8 own !atre  at ,bayreu?1 9 ,augu/1   
#ahgf4 ,note h[ close 9 "t 0 ,wagn]'s   
climax1 9 8 activity ( revolution>y     
,music1 & ! triumph (  unit$ ,g]many ov]
 ! disda9ful p[]s ( ,europe6 ,at "o & ! 
same p]iod 7#ahgf71 we see ,wagn]       
e/abli%$ z ! ,g]man emotional  dictator1
 & ,g]man solid>ity 9 ,prussia's settl$ 
supremacy4 ,at ?is  "t also1 aft] a mo/ 
di/ress+ p]iod ( bloody w>f>e & m5tal   
torture1 all ,europe 0 at comp>ative    
peace4 ,does n our !sis hold  good8     
,n[ 9 ! ye>s ( progress & peace f #ahgf 
to #ahhb1 :at happ5s  to ! m9d ( ,wagn]1
 z we behold him f9ally fre$ f toil1    
pov]ty1 enmity & humiliation8 ,! same ?+
 t happ5$ to !  social m9d "u ! suave   
influ5ce ( con/itutional gov]nm5t1      

head$ by a wise & good k+4 ,/imuli      
became s(t]1 & ! social  m9d became m   
complicat$ 9 s5se-p]ceptions1 m         
s5tim5tal1  ) a dramatic expression less
 color$ by e>?ly /rife & blood1  m ref9$
 by spiritual & intellectual habits1 &  
lo6 9 #ahhb  8,p>sifal0 m>ks ! la/      
production ( ! mighty ,wagn]4 ,?is "w   
pres5ts a decid$ fall+ back f ! /&>ds he
 _h creat$ 9  spontaneity & !matic      
developm5t4 ,! fact & ! cause are pla94 
,! cause ( ! 8fall+ (f0 is to be f\nd 9 
! abs5ce ( deeply  /irr+ economic       
/imuli1 9 ! social pressure ( ! quiet   
ye>s  dur+ :i* ?is "w 0 9 prep>ation4   
,let ! hi/orical facts  speak =         
!mselves4 ,assur$ly ! day w come1 :5    
sociologi/s  & psy*ologi/s w recognize z
 a sci5tific ph5om5on1 & "o  admitt+ (  
quantitative psy*iatric measurem5t1 !   
relation betwe5  social n]ve di/urbance 
9 emotion1 & social tranquillization 9  
,music1 ) its unc\ntable millions (     
vibrations :i* /rike !  n]ves1 & act 9  
ways n[ seem+ly my/]i\s1 ^u ! life ( a  

gr\p4    ,) ,wagn]'s dea?1 att5tion     
desc5ds ! m\nt ( a*ievem5t along        
emotional l9es 9 ,g]many4 ,brahms1      
,/rauss1 ,bru*1 ,bru*n] & o!r  rec5t    
compos]s1 all cl+ to ! robe ( ,wagn]4   
,"h & !re ^!  compos]s attempt$         
alt]ations :i* di/ort$ 8 idea1 b succe$$
  only 9 pictur+ ! mild] intellectual   
/imuli :i* n[ rul$  ,g]man ?\ght4       
,,footnotes3    #cd ,ev5 ,bee?ov5       
illu/rates ! progressive idea ( ! "t1  9
 ! evolution ( free initiative 9 new    
=ms1 exhibit$ 9  8 symphonies1 :i* are  
progressive /eps 9 great] fre$om (      
treatm5t1 f ! fir/1 to ! revolution>y   
introduction (  *oruses 9 ! n9?4    #ce 
,bee?ov5's exquisite works = /r+$       
in/rum5ts %[  syncopation effects1 b !  
h>d1 syncopat$ 8acc5t0 seems fir/       
evid5t z %>p contra/s1 9 ! works (      
,s*umann4                               
,,*apt] ,,viii4                         
,,france 7#ahjj-aiac74      ,france1 z a
 mo/ progressive nation1 pres5ts a      
spl5did musical  sy/em & a correspond+ly

 good product ( musical culture4 ,!     
,fr5* national m9d is peculi>ly s5sitive
 to mod]n social pressure4  ,let ?is    
pressure be reliev$ by musical rhy?m &  
,france w b\nd  ahead 9 musical pa?s z  
%e has 9 s _m o!r l9es4 ,9 money        
exp5diture1 %e /&s high1 b ?is          
exp5diture is made l>gely 9  ,p>is4     
,culture 9 a ,/ate mu/ be consid]$ 9 its
 relation to all (  its inhabitants1 &  
:ile ,france %[s a l>ge absolute        
exp5diture1  h] p] capita exp5diture is 
relatively l[4 ,?is exp5diture1  h[ev]1 
is indep5d5t ( private donations1 :i* h 
no place 9  ,/ate control1 & :i* are a  
detrim5t r ?an a b5efit to !  g5]al     
public1 repres5t+ z !y d1 a control by !
 pr9cely  8fads0 ( a rul+ class4        
,national musical g5ius is express$ 9 ! 
degree to :i* ! national emotions are   
ar\s$ by national /imuli4  ,_h ,france  
react$ to h] social pressure 9 ! same   
mann] z did  ,g]many ) practically !    
same /imuli1 our hi/ory might h  prop]ly
 clos$ ) ,g]many's triumph4 ,b ,france  

_h receiv$ q  a diff]5t m5tal prep>ation
 f t :i* tortur$ ! ,g]man  he>t 9 ! #ah?
 c5tury1 & ! nature ( ,fr5* emotionalism
 0  bo? f> less s9c]ely tragic1 & f> m  
highly intellectual at  e phase1 ?an 0  
,g]many's4 ,! common p ( ,france 7      
inde$ subject$ to g5u9e mis]y be=e !    
d[nfall ( ! mon>*y1  b !y 7 ev] array$ 9
 ! glory ( a conqu]+ nation1--a  lead+  
p[]1 consci\s ( its own supremacy 9     
,european affairs1  al?\gh ! peasantry 7
 gr\nd d[n ) taxes1 & made to be  !     
ov]burd5$ support]s ( a vici\s royalty2 
yet ! tone ( !  public m9d1 :ile some:at
 critical1 0 *iefly dom9e]+1 &  capable 
( great en?usiasm4 ,free ?\ght 0 /ill 9 
! fre%ness (  y\?1 s t oppressions1 z !y
 came1 7 analyz$ & d5\nc$  ev5 :ile     
endur$4 ,g]many _h nev] ?\ght ( do+ ?is 
until #ahdh4  ,! tr\bles ( ,france 7 a  
direct consequ5ce ( ! desires (  !      
common p1 & 7 n s mu* br\ght ^u !m by   
outside  =ces1 z !y 7 volunt>ily        
enc\nt]$ & ev5 creat$1 by  !mselves1 9  
_! consci\s developm5t ( a new idea (   

popul>  rule4 ,france want$ to d great &
 new de$s be=e %e 0 m5tally  ready = su*
 a*ievem5ts1 & h] trials 7 ( h] own     
mak+4  ,?is fact does n less5 h]        
emotional response to h] social         
pressure1 b x does color x ) a c]ta9    
control ev5 9 its  deepe/ action4 ,?us x
 0 ) ,france1 ,napoleon dra9+ h] soil ( 
its be/ blood1 b cr[n+ ! nation )       
laurels4 ,! philosophical  _s ar\s$ by !
 g5ius ( ,voltaire did n weak5 ev5 "u   
?is  glory1 & ! ,fr5* m9d1 al?\gh we>i$ 
by ! revolution1 re/$  only a mom5t 9 ! 
re-actions "u ,napoleon4 ,! reckless    
,republic  0 b ! fir/ sign ( ! new      
national temp]1 &--al?\gh all  ,europe  
unit$ to subdue x1 & ,napoleon's ,empire
 patt$ x into  mom5t>y quiet ) an       
enc\ragem5t ( all =ms ( progress--!     
national m9d _h ta/$ fre$om & ! old     
tol]ance ( royalty  0 dy+4 ,dur+ !      
f\rte5 ye>s ( 8 reign1 ,napoleon gave   
sub/antial b5efits to ,france4          
,cont95tal ,europe b5t 9 submission  at 
8 feet4 ,al?\gh ! ,fr5* p hat$ ! old    

idea ( mon>*y1  !y c\ld n d5y !         
advantages :i* ,france receiv$ f 8      
p[]ful g5ius4 ,8 dea? 9 #ahba left 8 =m]
 subjects 9 a bad  way1 ! p /riv+ =     
con/itutional gov]nm5t1 aga9/ !  allies 
9 favor ( absolutism4 ,b little by      
little1 c]ta9 advances  7 made by ! p1 9
 a gradual ass]tion ( _! op9ions4       
,revolution 0 a con/ant m5ace 9 ! social
 pressure ( ! half  c5tury foll[+       
,napoleon's d[nfall4    ,! rebelli\s    
fanaticism und]ly+ ea* & all ( civiliz$ 
manife/ations1 is c]ta9 to /rike new &  
/agg]+ bl[s at !  comm]cialism ( our    
times4 ,we feel z ?\gh t]ror & its      
causes 9  religion 7 lurk+ v ne> !      
surface ( ! _w politics today4    ,along
 _m l9es ,france has n lo/ h] old       
asc5d5cy 9 lead]%ip1  b h] discipl9e has
 p]haps be5 too weak 9 ! direction (    
dogg$  p]si/5ce4 ,h] actions possibly h 
be5 gov]n$ at home & 9  h] colonization 
ef=ts1 by too mu* ( a fatali/ic policy1 
to give  /rong promise ( any cont9u\s   
e/abli%m5t ( p[] "u !  p's rule4 ,yet   

mu* is to be expect$1 f ! d>+ c\rage1   
en?usiasm1 & intellectual spl5dor ( !   
,fr5* m9d4    ,! :ole c\ntry has furni%$
 a /range contra/ to ,g]man social      
reaction1 = "u ! same /imuli ! "o wept  
:ile ! o!r  laugh$4 ,dur+ ! fir/ =ty    
ye>s ( ! ,n9ete5? c5tury1 !  piano      
virtuoso1 ) 8 sup]ficial fl\ri%es ( f+] 
te*nique  reign$ supreme ov] in/rum5tal 
,music 9 ,france4 ,! sonata1 s          
repres5tative ( dignity & noble s5tim5t1
 0 accord$ only an  obscure position    
dur+ ?is sup]ficial p]iod1 & ! %ort     
piano  piece took its place4 ,on ! o!r  
h&1 p]=m]s gave /imulus to  improvem5ts 
9 piano manufacture1 z well z to        
composition ( piano  works4 ,liszt &    
,?alb]g dazzl$ ! ,p>isians1 & ! public  
m9d  dem&$ no deep] expression ( its    
emotional di/urbance ?an t  :i* 0       
repres5t$ 9 piani/ic display4 ,aft]     
#ahca ,*op9 liv$ 9  ,p>is1 & 8 works    
cont9u$ to express ! ,fr5* love ( !     
dance1  ( ornam5tal display1 & (        
delicate s5tim5tality4 ,b 9 #ahcj !     

romantic movem5t _h made itself felt 9  
,music "u ,b]lioz1 :o  produc$ a ,music 
:i* suit$ p]fectly ! hot-head$          
revolution>y  t5d5cies ( ?is "t4        
,or*e/ration atta9$ a tone-color1 a new 
te*nical possibility "u ,b]lioz's       
manipulation1 & ! biz>re  aspects ( ! !n
 economic life 7 exactly reflect$ 9 8   
revolution>y effects4 ,8 book on        
in/rum5tation1 publi%$ 9  #ahdd1 became 
an au?ority1 & he influ5c$ musicians to 
attempt new  =ms1 h[ev] ^! might be     
oppos$ to classical traditions4 ,b]lioz 
desir$ to inv5t a/oni%+ in/rum5tal      
effects1 & did s1 b 8  ef=ts did n w9   
him la/+ popul>ity1 al?\gh he is ! real 
f\nd] ( mod]n ,fr5* ,music4    ,b x is 9
 ! field ( gr& op]a t we mu/ look = ^?  
amaz+ly accurate reflections ( economic 
& social pressure1 z  evid5c$ 9 ! ,music
 ( ,france dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury4       
,*]ub9i contribut$ an e>ne/ musician%ip 
to ,fr5* op]a s]ia1  b he exhibits /rong
 influ5ces ( =eign models4 ,napoleon    
enc\rag$ only ! mo/ trivial ( ! ,italian

 op]as2 8 attitude  0 naturally         
disadvantage\s to s]i\s attempts 9 ?is  
field4  ,op]a-comique began to exhibit  
dramatic color "u ,mehul b x  rema9$ =  
,spont9i to reflect ! ,napoleonic       
regime1 9 op]a :i*  glorifi$ ! h]oic 9  
all its spl5dor4 ,8 ,fr5* works 8,la    
,ve/ale0  7#ahjg71 8,f]n&o ,cortez0     
7#ahji71 & 8,olympie0 7#ahai71 reflect !
  m5tal attitude ( ! "t1 b true to ?is  
reflection1 also %[  ! lack ( real dep?s
 ( emotions n yet t\*$ 9 ,france by !   
social pressure ( ! "t4 ,! op]a-comique 
m truly repres5t$  public s5tim5t 9 !   
works ( ,boildieu1 9 8,le ,calife de    
,bagdad10  & 8,la ,dame ,blan*e0 :i*    
manife/ a m s]i\s tone & ref9em5t  ?an  
_h z yet be5 kn[n 9 ?is field4 ,aub]1   
h[ev]1 knew be/ h[  to call =? ,fr5*    
admiration4 ,8 fame comm5c$ ab\t #ahbj1 
:5  ideals 7 beg9n+ to be color$ by a   
d>k] hue ( s]i\sness1  & 8 8,fra        
,diavolo0 & 8,le ,dom9o ,noir0 exhibit 8
 f9e gift (  *>act]ization4 ,h]old's    
8,zampa0 pres5t$ new or*e/ral elem5ts1  

& is /ill v popul> 9 ,am]ica & ,engl&4  
,gr& op]a ( !  h]oic "* receiv$ a /rong 
impulse at ! h&s ( ,ross9i1  7:o liv$ at
 ,p>is aft] #ahbd71 9 8 ,fr5* "w        
8,guillaume ,tell0  7produc$ 9 #ahbi74  
,dramatic expression f9ds "h "s scope1  
al?\gh  )\t any great dep?1 & ,aub]'s   
8,la ,muette de ,portici0 7#ahbh71  m   
ne>ly expresses ! revolution>y feel+ ( !
 p1 = !  subject ( ! ,music is popul>   
revolt aga9/ tyranny4 ,! works (        
,mey]be] c>ry ,fr5* gr& op]a to its     
highe/ po9t2 8 8,rob]t le  ,diable0     
7#ahca71 & 8,les ,hugu5ots0 7#ahcf7 fit 
into ! expression (  ^? ye>s admirably1 
:ile 8 la/ "w 8,l',africa9e0 7#ahfd71   
%[s  all ( t f]m5t 9 ,fr5* ?\ght :i* 0 s
 inevitably lead+  up to !              
,franco-,prussian ,w> ( #ahgj4    ,!    
dramatic ev5ts ( ,fr5* ,n9ete5? c5tury  
hi/ory _h produc$  ! g5u9e hi/rionic    
in/9ct 9 musical composition2 & !       
complication ( or*e/ral effects1 0 a    
natural expression (  ! multiplicity (  
/imuli accompany+ e economic impulse4   

,consi/5cy 9 ,mey]be]'s ,music 0 z      
conspicu\s by its abs5ce z  x 0 9 !     
,fr5* economic _w1 :]e ! abnormal1      
s5sational1  religi\s & absurd 7 s      
inconsi/5tly jumbl$ up ) plans  = a     
/able con/itutional gov]nm5t1 & peaceful
 relations )  ,europe4 ,simplicity 0 n  
to ! ta/e ( ! "t4 ,gl>+ colors  & noisy 
effects mu* m ne>ly reflect$ ! social   
mode1 &  ,mey]be] respond$ z ! musician 
9 him %\ld h done1 to !  prevail+ social
 pressure4 ,! greate/ developm5t 0      
exhibit$ 9  ! or*e/ral dramatic         
expression1 & ! action 9 a sc5e began   
to take a sup]ior place above           
vocalization1 9 ! =mation ( !  ,music   
drama4 ,?is dep>ture may be said to m>k 
! beg9n+ ( !  deg5]ation ( ! real       
purpose ( ! op]a4    ,) ! reign ( peace 
aft] ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 a new      
elem5t  ent]$ ! musical productions ( ! 
"t4 ,or*e/ral conc]ts  ab\nd$4 ,*ur*    
,music by ,dubois1 ,g\nod & ,franck 0 ( 
an excell5t  "*1 9 l9e ) ! increas+     
agitation ov] religi\s  que/ions4       

,france ne$$ rhy?m1 z a hungry man ne$s 
bread1 & %e  f\nd x 9 a p>tial return to
 ,ba*1 & to ! /ill e>li] ma/]s  ( sacr$ 
,music4 ,popul> conc]ts 7 in/itut$ = !  
b5efit (  ! p 9 #ahfa4 ,^! h cont9u$ _! 
useful mission to !  pres5t day4 ,france
 has dem&$ t life %all be actually      
pictur$  9 h] ,music4 ,?is impossible   
dem& is lead+ ,fr5* ,music f> f  !      
relative *>act]izations z pres5t$ 9     
,guonod's 8,fau/0 &  ,bizet's 8,c>m510 &
 into ! ridicul\s 8tonal te>s0 region1  
:]e a  pr9t$ program is ne$$ to in=m !  
he>]s1 t ! /accati (  ! piccolo are     
meant to indicate ! ra9 drops on my     
lady's br[1 &  n int5d$ to ann\nce !    
squeal ( a pig4 ,)\t ! program1 :o  w\ld
 "k8    ,t[>ds ! close ( ! c5tury1 !re  
is a decl9e 9 ! s5su\s  & my/ical       
elem5ts1 bo? 9 economic & 9 musical     
affairs4  ,g\nod's 8,fau/0 9 #ahei _h   
reflect$ ^! qualities ( ! social  m9d1 &
 8 8,/4 ,cecilia ,mass0 9 #ahef express$
 ! religi\s  attitude ( ! p4 ,b ! rise (
 ! pres5t ,republic gave  ! sceptre into

 /]n] h&s1 & ! skillful use ( ,music 9  
*>act]ization 0 vividly express$1 9 s f>
 z x c\ld be1  9 ,bizet's 8,c>m50 9     
#ahgc4 ,sa9t ,sa5s & ,mass5et %[ !      
intellectual ref9em5t ( ! p]iod n[ u%]$ 
91 ) its /rong  sugge/ions ( dramatic   
feel+ s exquisitely express$1 yet cl++  
to anci5t models 9 melodic con/ruction1 
& avoid+ ! h>% &  biz>re effects lately 
manife/$ 9 ,fr5* t5d5cies4 ,cesr        
,franck1  9 8 beautiful oratorio1 8,les 
,beatitudes0 7produc$ 9 #ahia71         
demon/rates ! real dep? ( religi\s      
s5tim5t exi/+ "u !  intellectual        
adornm5ts ( ! ,fr5* m9d at ?is p]iod1 & 
!  great dep?1 & musical value ( ?is "w 
exhibit a fund ( religi\s  s5tim5t1 :i* 
we d n believe has be5 cru%$ by ! rec5t 
sep>ation ( ,*ur* & ,/ate1 & :i* w %[   
itself 9 revolt at  no di/ant p]iod4    
,! v late/ op]atic works ( ,fr5*        
compos]s are exhibit+ a mad  desire = an
 expression ( a national ,music1 :i*    
looks m l an  ef=t to root out ! musical
 supremacy ( ,g]many1 ?an l a plan  to  

e/abli% a g5u9e progression 9 ,fr5* art4
 ,france w\ld l to  h a ,music all its  
own1 be x ev] s ugly1 di/ort$1 or       
biz>re4  ,%e wants to lead 9 musical    
art1 to te> up old models1 to =ce a     
new-old scale ^u h] half di/ract$ p1 &  
to ov]-dress !  mis%ap5 ?+s 9 absurd    
or*e/ral exagg]ation1 :i* s dr[ns  !    
poor human voice1 t ! helpless vocal    
organ is oblig$ to  %\t dramatic phrases
 to a deaf5$ audi5ce1 ov] ! c\ntless    
unre/ra9$ vibrations ( a hundr$ or m    
madly r++ in/rum5ts4  ,:at a f>ce x is6 
,a gr& op]a pres5t+ a mod]n girl (      
,p>is1 9  a mod]n %irt-wai/1 yell+      
common-place rem>ks to ! accompanim5t  (
 a mon/] b&6 ,b x mu/ *ange4 ,! human   
voice w come into  its own aga91 :5 !   
ov]-excit$ mod]n m5tality %all h calm$  
itself d[n to ! normal4 ,! or*e/ra w    
%r9k to its dim9utive  & correct        
position1 z a m]e sugge/or ( ! h>mony   
:i* supports  ! voice1 & ! emotions (   
life w f9d _! true relief 9  acc5tuat$  
rhy?m1 soo?+ melody1 & noble h>monies4  

,france is  /ill pass+ ?r\gh1 & %e      
c]ta9ly w n come out (1 h]  transition  
p]iod ) ! ?+ %e is n[ try+ to call      
8,music40    ,fr5* pride 9 musical      
accompli%m5t is well exhibit$ 9 ! aid   
ext5d$ to ?is culture by ,/ate          
activity4#cf      ,,footnotes3    #cf ,!
 /ati/ics w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,e4      
,,*apt] ,,ix4                           
,,unit$ ,,/ates4      ,x is a matt] =   
surprise & deep regret t ! ,unit$ ,/ates
  ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t %\ld %[ a lack (     
int]e/ 9 musical education4  ,b our "y  
c\ntry is n likely to rema9 = long beh9d
 small]  l&s4 ,our hope is secure 9 !   
fundam5tal g5]osity & wisdom  ( our     
national m9d1 :i* n[ squ&]s va/ sums ^u 
musical  div]sion1 b sp5ds no?+ at all =
 ! free musical education (  its gift$  
citiz5s4    ,we h 9 ?is c\ntry a /range 
mixture ( races & ( ideals1  all        
contribut+ some?+ ( ,old ,_w conditions1
 & comb9+  to =m a new type4 ,! p :o    
/ruggl$ s bravely ?r\gh !  ,eighte5? &  
,n9ete5? c5turies 7 ( v>i\s orig9s1 b   

all  came to ! /ruggle ) trag$y ( "s k9d
 or o!r implant$ 9  _! m5tal            
composition4 ,emotions beat ! pione]s   
into _! "o  refuge1 ! ,*ur*2 ev5 !      
ballad1 simple z x 01 f\nd b scant  room
 :]e ! pray] book lay4 ,pione] life gave
 little gr\nd =  complication ( /imuli1 
until ! ,n9ete5? c5tury op5$ ! gates  ( 
our c\ntry to ! indu/rial inv5tions1 &  
to ! discont5t  ( =eign labor4 ,a subdu$
 & almo/ religi\s atmosph]e /ifl$       
emotions dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! ,n9ete5?  
c5tury1 b ! waves  ( re=m sweep+ ov]    
,europe f\nd _! way ev5 "h by #ahfa1 &  
! ,great ,civil ,w> w\ld h /irr$ u to   
our dep?s1 _h n !  mighty curr5ts (     
feel+ )9 u be5 kept 9 subjection by our 
,*ur* habits4 ,! few valves ( relief    
p]mitt$ to our p 9 !  primitive         
vaudeville & !atre productions1 7 n     
suffici5t to  (fset ! irritation (      
quickly complicat+ economic /imuli4 ,at 
?is  p]iod our immigrant population came
 f ,engl&1 ,irel&1 ,scotl&1  ,wales1    
,d5m>k1 ,belgium1 ,g]many1 ,sw$51       

,norway & ,switz]l&4  ,^! immigrants    
g5]ally possess$ cool heads1 & 7 ( f9e  
/]n *>act]s1 skill$ 9 v>i\s crafts1 & !y
 came to /ay  p]man5tly4 ,!y became "o )
 our p1 & our /ruggles 7  _! /ruggles4  
,italian op]a & ! high] intellectual    
div]sions  7 lat] additions to !        
pleasures ( ! ri*1 b ! masses  r>ely %>$
 9 su* amusem5ts1 & ! old-fa%ion$       
ballads1 &  ! spl5didly develop$ hymnal 
,music furni%$ our only relief =        
emotional di/urbance4 ,yet ?is 0        
endurable because ( ! beautiful  hymnal 
ex]cise1 until ! gold-fev] & !          
oil-madness1 unit$  ) ! agitation ( !   
,s\!rn ,/ates1 set our emotional dep?s  
to new movem5ts1 & ! cry ( ! labor] =   
lib]ty & ( !  manufactur] = m p[]1 add$ 
fe> & rage to our e-day  emotions4 ,!   
rapid rise ( our national p[]1 ! enorm\s
 /rides  9 public education1 & !        
incr$ible multiplication ( /imuli ^u  e 
side1 twi/$ & /ret*$ our national n]ves 
until we n[ see  ourselves confront$ )  
an abnormal type1 :i* mu/ soon f9d its  

normal calm 9 rhy?mic pulse action1 or  
else g to pieces "u !  /ra94 ,n[h]e h we
 any outlet or re-e/abli%+ ag5cy1 except
  9 ! dance1 & 9 su* *eap %[s z p]mit ( 
b a p>tial  relief4 ,! class ( =eign    
labor arriv+ s9ce #ahhc is f !  s\? (   
,europe1 illit]ate1 fi]y1 add+ ano!r    
elem5t ( dang]  to our t5se nationality1
 & /ill our bl9d gov]nm5t has n  op5$   
musical safety valves1 = ! /eam t is fa/
 ris+ to !  bur/+ po9t4 ,our musical    
tal5t is ( ! f9e/ ord]1 b1 n  hav+ any  
gov]nm5tal aid 9 free in/ruction1 is    
oblig$ to g to  ,europe1 !re to le>n to 
comp\nd a ,g]man1 ,fr5* or ,italian     
m$ic9e  = an ,am]ican disease1 :5 our   
peculi> social pressure dem&s a         
p>ticul> ,am]ican rem$y4 ,private       
s*ools1 hav+ only _! own  f9ancial ga9s 
9 m9d1 are f>cical ag5ts = c>ry+ out any
 truly  social functions4 ,! l& cries   
out = its own musical culture1 z        
/rongly 9 rural di/ricts z 9 urban4 ,_c 
! gov]nm5t see  t musical employm5t 9   
,am]ica is already cov]+ a va/ field8   

,sc>cely any function is conduct$ )\t   
,music4 ,re/aurants1 hotels1  clubs1    
op]a h\ses1 plays1 *ur*es1 fun]als1     
w$d+s1 social  ev5ts1 p>ades1 /eamboat  
s]vice1 labor union meet+s1 support     
hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( pr(essional musicians4
 ,yet practically all  ( ?is employm5t  
is giv5 to =eign-born tal5t1 because    
only !  well-to-d 9 ,am]ica c /udy      
,music1 & ! common p :o may  possess !  
be/ tal5t1 & :o may bo? love x & ne$ x !
 mo/1  are d5i$ ?is means ( mak+ a liv+1
 :ile municipal gov]nm5ts  sp5d useless 
?\s&s ^u conc]ts1 & a few p>k b&s :i* b 
:et ! public appetite1 :ile our ri*     
musical tal5t among ! poor  lies dy+ &  
neglect$4#cg ,no wond] revolution knocks
 at ! door6  ,! gov]nm5t is giv+ !      
eye-op5]s 9 its free educational plan1  
s aid+ ! di/urbance ( human rhy?m by    
s5sational newspap]s1  noisy /reets1    
high prices & too quick life1 yet closes
 ! door to  free musical in/ruction :i* 
w\ld tranquillize ! m9d1 & re/ore       
equilibrium ( pulse4 ,! *ur*es nail d[n 

! natural impulses1 &  society fr[ns ^u 
8new0 =ms1 b nature w g5]ate h] en]gy   
nev]!less1 & p5t up 9 ! human sy/em x w 
boil ov] at a  c]ta9 po9t4    ,! ,unit$ 
,/ates is by no means lack+ 9 prosp]ity1
 suffici5t =  ! ma9t5ance ( public      
musical in/ruction = ! culture ( a wage 
e>n+ occupation4 ,our f9ancial reports  
speak = !mselves4 ,9  comp>+ our        
prosp]ity & our neglect ( musical       
culture ) !  activities along ?is l9e z 
c>ri$ on by o!r c\ntries1 great &       
small1 ! foll[+ lett] f ex-,presid5t    
,taft may be ( int]e/3      ,! ,:ite    
,h\se1      ,july #crd1 #aiji4          
,wa%+ton4      ,my de> ,sir3--     ,i h 
y\r lett] & ,i d n ?9k x possible to    
secure f !   ,am]ican gov]nm5t any      
appropriation = ! promotion ( musical   
s*ools4 ,?is mu/ be done by private     
munific5ce if at all4                   
,s9c]ely y\rs1                          
,,wm4 ,h4 ,,taft4    ,am]ica is mad =   
,music4 ,! mov+-picture %[s are sav+ our
  sanity ) _! rhy?mic comb9ations (     

light & s\nd waves1  _! daily audi5ces  
am\nt+ to #e1jjj1jjj p 9 #ad1jjj picture
  !at]s1 & #d1jjj subjects annually     
plac$ ^u ! ,am]ican  m>ket4#ch ,by ?is  
means we reta9 our rhy?m1 b ! high]     
rem$ies  ( ! or*e/ral conc]t1 op]a &    
*amb] ,music p]=mances are  d5i$ ! p :o 
h no weal?1 :ile ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s  (   
pay+ positions 9 ! bodies :i* compose ^!
 =ces1 are  likewise prohibit$ to our   
native tal5t1 because !re are no free   
s*ools 9 :i* su* tal5t c be develop$4   
,only ! well-to-d may  /udy ,music 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates &1 /rangely en\gh1 our    
real tal5t  (t5 lies n 9 ?is class1 b   
outside ( ?is *>m$ circle1 d[n  among ! 
elem5ts ( our =eign-born & ! natives (  
=eign-born1  ^: ance/ral n]ves h be5 f$ 
^u nationally provid$ musical  rhy?m4   
,unit$ ,/ates gold %\ld be %[]$ ov] !   
heal?-giv+ &  joy-be/[+ field (         
,national ,music1 s fondly lov$ by ! p1 
& s necess>y to m5tal & physical        
relaxation f ! madd5+  /ra9 ( mod]n     
life4 ,a bright /> w adorn !            

adm9i/ration (  ! fir/ ,presid5t to take
 ?is ne$ 9 h&4      ,,footnotes3    #cg 
,! value ( ! musical in/ruction z giv5 9
 public s*ools  is n wor? consid]ation  
beyond its div]sion aspect4 ,! s++ is  a
 m5ace to correct voice placem5t & !    
rema9+ ex]cises are  insignificant4     
#ch ,am]ican ,indu/ries1 ,janu>y1 #aiac4
                                        
,,app5dix ,a4                           
,,que/ionnaire4      ,! exact =m ( !    
,am]ican que/ionnaire employ$ 9 ! ga!r+ 
( /ati/ics is giv5 bel[4 ,! inquiries   
s5t abroad foll[$ !  same plan & _h !   
same scope1 b 7 c\*$ 9 some:at m        
indirect & =mal t]ms1 & ( c\rse ea*     
sep>ate set ( que/ions  0 s5t out 9 !   
language ( ! c\ntry to ^: (ficials x 0  
direct$4    ,= a /ati/ical "w ,i ne$ "s 
(ficial in=mation 9 reg>d to  ! foll[+  
qu]ies3     #a4 ,h[ mu* does ! ,am]ican 
,gov]nm5t exp5d annually ^u public      
cons]vatories = free tuition ( pupils8  
#b4 ,h[ mu* d ! s+le /ates contribute   
annually = ! same   purpose8     #c4 ,is

 !re any subv5tion = ,gr& ,op]a f !     
,am]ican   ,gov]nm5t or f ! ,/ates8     
#d4 ,is !re any subv5tion = ,or*e/ra    
organizations1 or = ,*oral   ,societies8
     #e4 ,are !re any prizes grant$     
annually f ! ,/ate = musical            
a*ievem5ts to compos]s1 s+]s1 play]s8   
#f4 ,are !re any end[m5ts f ! ,am]ican  
,gov]nm5t or f !   ,/ates to enable "y  
gift$ musicians to complete _! musical  
education 9 ,am]ica or abroad8          
,,app5dix ,b4                           
,,s\rces ,,( ,,/ati/ical ,,mat]ial4     
,! s\rces ( ! /ati/ics 9 ?is app5dix are
 indicat$ 9 !  fir/ table bel[4         
,gladly ,i take ?is opportunity aga9 to 
express my appreciation ( !  inv>iable  
c\rtesies ext5d$ 9 answ] to my          
inquiries4 ,else:]e#ci  w be f\nd !     
names ( ! (ficials ^: pa9/ak+ &  (t5    
detail$ reports made x possible = !     
au?or to convey to  ! read] a picture ( 
! relative support giv5 to music by !   
gov]nm5ts ( =eign /ates4                
,(ficial or ,in/itution                 

,communication    ,c\ntry       ,furni%+
 ,/ati/ics            ,dat$      ,au/ria
    ,imp]ial ,academy ( ,music &        
,dec4 #ac1 #aiab                 ! ,f9e 
,arts4    ,bav>ia    ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior
 =       ,apr4 #ba1 #aiac               
,religion & ,education4    ,belgium     
,m9i/] ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4     ,feb4 #d1
 #aiac    ,d5m>k    ,dani%              
,consul-,g5]al 9 ,new       ,may #h1    
#aiac                 ,york4            
,may #ac1 #aiac    ,equador    ,quito   
,cons]vatory ( ,music4       ,aug4 #ca1 
#aiac    ,engl&    ,national ,education 
,bo>d1          ,dec4 #bd1 #aiab        
,:itehall1 ,london1 ,engl&4    ,france  
,p>is ,cons]vatoire4               ,feb4
  #i1 #aiac    ,holl&    ,m9i/] ( !     
,int]ior4          ,m>4 #ai1 #aiac      
,hung>y    ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,budape/4 
,m>4 #bc1 #aiac    ,italy      ,m9i/] ( 
,in/ruction4           ,m>4 #aj1 #aiac  
,norway     ,royal ,inspector ( ,music 9
        ,dec4 #ae1 #aiab                
,*ri/iania4    ,prussia                 

,consul-,g5]al ( ! ,unit$       ,m>4    
#aj1 #aiac                 ,/ates 9     
,b]l94    ,russia     ,fir/ ,secret>y to
 ! ,russian     ,may #bh1 #aiac         
,embassy1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4    ,saxony   
,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4          ,apr4 #h1 
#aiac    ,sw$5     ,royal ,cons]vatory (
 ,music1       ,jan4 #d1 #aiac          
,/ockholm4    ,unit$     ,*ief ,cl]k1   
,unit$ ,/ates         ,m>4 #ae1 #aiac   
,/ates       ,bureau ( ,education4      
,,footnotes3    #ci ,see pages #af-ag4  
,,app5dix ,c4      ,^! figures are m]ely
 int5d$ to give an idea ( =eign         
activities  9 national annual support ( 
musical culture4 ,comp>isons1 )\t  m    
detail$ /ati/ics w\ld be mislead+ &     
unju/4 ,!re=e p]  capita calculations h 
be5 purposely omitt$4    ,all ,milit>y  
,b& exp5ses & appropriations h be5      
d$uct$ f  ! /ati/ics receiv$4 ,saxony & 
,bav>ia z m]e /ates1 d n  belong to     
above li/1 b ! praisewor?y a*ievem5ts ( 
,bav>ia are  %[n 9 h] total exp5ditures 
( #gjc1jcj ,m>ks annually4              

,squ>e       ,=eign    ,am]ican         
,c\ntries    ,population#dj  ,miles     
,money     ,doll>s    ,au/ria           
#bh1efh1jjj       #aae1ijc  #a1gcj1jhd  
,kron5    #cea1bjg    ,belgium          
#g1cag1efa        #aa1cgc    #fda1bge   
,francs    #abc1gff    ,d5m>k           
#b1gge1jjj        #ae1ehb     #bj1fjj   
,kron5      #e1ebj    ,equador 7#aiac7  
#a1djj1jjj       #aaf1jjj     #bh1ejj   
,sucre      #ac1hgi    ,france          
#ci1beb1jjj       #bjg1jed  #a1iga1aah  
,francs    #chj1dbe    ,great ,brita9   
#de1idg1jjj       #aba1eaj      #d1fjj  
,lbs        #bb1che    ,holl&           
#e1heh1jjj        #ab1fdh     #cb1jjj   
,flor9s    #ab1hfd    ,hung>y           
#bj1hea1jjj       #abe1dcj  #a1abf1jcc  
,kron5    #bbh1ehd    ,italy            
#cd1efe1jjj       #aaj1fei    #hea1cdj  
,lire      #afd1cjh    ,norway          
#b1cic1jjj       #abd1acj     #ae1gjj   
,kron5      #d1bjg    ,russia           
#adb1ehe1jjj     #b1bag1ibi    #aci1ijj 
,r\bles    #gb1jdh    ,sw$5             

#e1dgf1jjj       #agb1hgf    #cac1jag   
,kron5     #hc1hhh      ,,footnotes3    
#dj ,sci5tific ,am]ican ( #aiac4        
,,app5dix ,d4                           
,,notes ,,on ,,tabulation4      ,! =ego+
 tabulation may be consid]$ fairly      
repres5tative1  because ! relative      
res\rces ( ea* c\ntry1 & ! relative co/ 
( su/a9+ musical in/itutions t5d to     
equalize ! sum ( _!  actual b5efits to !
 p4 ,bav>ian & ,au/rian in/itutions     
*>ge small rates = in/ruction to native 
tal5t1 b mu* l>g]  sums to /rang]s4     
,france & ,belgium *>ge m]ely entrance  
fees to  natives1 b /rang]s pay a       
com=table sum1 & mu/ pass a difficult   
exam9ation4 ,! lett] f ! celebrat$      
viol9i/ & tea*]1  ,ovid ,mus91 giv5 9   
,app5dix ,e1 %[s t !re are two classes (
  /ud5ts1 native /ud5ts :o pay a v small
 fee1 & =eign pay+  /ud5ts4 ,! lett] 0 a
 reply to our inquiry z to tuition fees 
*>g$ by ,fr5* & ,belgian musical        
cons]vatories "u gov]nm5tal  control4   
,italy also *>ges a small ye>ly sum =   

in/ruction (  natives1 b all ( h]       
in/itutions tea* exceptional tal5t free 
(  *>ge1 if inability to pay on ! "p ( !
 applicant be prov$4    ,italy's        
di/ribution ( h] culture 9 ,milan1      
,naples1 ,pal]mo1  ,p>ma1 ,flor5ce &    
,rome1 pres5ts an area mo/ cr$itable to 
h]  gov]nm5tal c>e ( ,music4 ,consid]+  
,italy's position 9 !  comm]cial _w1 h] 
figures repres5t a high proportion (    
att5tion  to musical ne$s4 ,?is we w\ld 
naturally expect ( t gr& old            
,m$it]ranean race1 :i* has nev] fail$ 9 
all ( its wondr\s  hi/ory1 to uphold its
 l(tie/ ideals despite its calamities4  
,h]  musical g5ius has always f\nd      
national protection4 ,italy has ?us  %[n
 h] wisdom4    ,! d5sity ( ,france's    
population br+s d[n h] p] capita        
exp5diture4    ,! diff]5ce 9 ! *>ges to 
native /ud5ts may dep5d ^u !  v>y+ co/ (
 support 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,= in/ance 
9 ,vi5na1  #dj4jj p] ye> is "o *>ge1    
:ile at ,brussells ! *>ge to natives  is
 b #a4jj p] ye>4    ,ev5 7 free tuition 

n giv51 ! gov]nm5tal in/itutions  *>g+ =
 in/ruction w\ld /ill be great aids to !
 advancem5t  ( musical culture 9 _!     
respective /ates1 z ! small sums  *>g$  
are )9 ! rea* ( ^? :o c h _! days free  
= /udy4 ,h[ f> w\ld #dj4jj g 9 musical  
education 9 ! ,unit$  ,/ates8 ,9        
,am]ica1 vocal & piano tea*]s *>ge f #b 
to #e  p] lesson1 to ma9ta9 _! position 
among s-call$ fir/ class  tea*]s4 ,c>   
f>es1 ,music1 in/rum5ts1 clo!s1 tickets 
= conc]ts1  op]as1 etc41 w\ld exhau/    
#dj4jj 9 a mon?2 & :ile an ambiti\s     
brick-lay] c\ld easily pay #dj4jj p]    
ye>1 = 8 *ild's musical  education 9 a  
gov]nm5tally support$ college1 #dj4jj p]
 mon? w\ld  repres5t ! full wages ( two 
( 8 girls1 work+ all day long 9  a      
dep>tm5t /ore4 8,free ,s*ools ( ,music0 
w\ld n be ne>ly s  successful z         
8,national ,s*ools ( ,music10 because   
our p d n  l any?+ :i* t5ds to divide ^?
 :o c pay1 f ^? :o  _c4 ,! wise among   
our well-to-d ,am]ican p>5ts n[ s5d _!  
*ildr5 to our public s*ools1 9 pref]5ce 

to private academies1  kn[+ well !      
sup]ior advantages ?us ga9$4 ,:5 x      
becomes kn[n  t ,national ,s*ools (     
,music are on a p> ) ,/ate univ]sities1 
(f]+ ! _w's be/ in/ruction & ! v be/    
advantages1  !n graduation f su*        
in/itutions w be a matt] ( pride to     
anyone1 ri* or poor4                    
,! ,"q ( ,fees4    ,z we h said1 ! small
 sums requir$ z entrance or tuition fees
  by "s ( ! musical in/itutions "u      
gov]nm5tal support1 d n  detract f !    
value ( su* in/itutions2 b x w\ld       
sc>cely  be j to place all ( !          
cons]vatories s condition$1 ^u a  p> (  
public spirit$ness ) ^? :i* take no fees
 :atsoev]  = tuition ( native pupils1   
unless "s sup]iority ( educational      
advantages 9 ! =m] t5d to equalize _!   
b5efits4 ,x is  impracticable to judge (
 ! m]its ( ea* in/itution1 & su*  a     
critical exam9ation is n ! purpose ( ?is
 "w2 b m5tion  ( ! sy/ems employ$ by a  
few c\ntries %[+ special c>e (  national
 musical culture1 may n be out ( place  

"h4 ,belgium has  produc$ mu* ( ! _w's  
g5ius1 giv+ u f h] cons]vatory  at      
,liege alone1 su* spl5did arti/s z ,m>t9
 ,m>sick1 ,ovid ,mus91  ,ysaye1 ,ces>   
,?omson & ,remy4 ,liege *>ges no fees to
 native tal5t4  ,9 8 reply#da to our    
reque/ = in=mation conc]n+ fees 9 !     
,fr5*1 ,belgian & ,holl& cons]vatories1 
,ovid ,mus9 attributes !  m>k$ arti/ic  
results ( ! ,belgium cons]vatories to ! 
fact t  ! remun]ation ( ! pr(essors is  
su* z to enable !m to devote  _! entire 
"t to _! cons]vatory pupils2 =eign]s pay
 #bjj  francs a ye>1 b native /ud5ts    
receive free tuition4    ,9 response to 
a simil> reque/ conc]n+ fees 9 ,italian 
gov]nm5tal s*ools ( ,music1 ,signor     
,gatti-,casazza1 director ( !           
,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se ( ,new ,york1 
repli$ t !re 7 bo? free  & pay+ pupils4 
,! "q ( fees 9 all gov]nm5t s*ools (    
,music1 w\ld involve  an exhau/ive      
rese>* into ! ideals beh9d ! f\nd+ ( ea*
 su*  s*ool1 & into ! res\rces ^u :i* _!
 ma9t5ance dep5ds4  ,und\bt$ly1 ! highe/

 ideal 9 su* und]tak+s is t :i*         
animates ! ,belgian sy/em1 & insures its
 wond]ful success4 ,a close  /udy (     
,belgium's managem5t ( h] cons]vatories 
w\ld be surely  illum9at+ & inspir+ to  
our own c\ntry4 ,?is little c\ntry is   
to be congratulat$1 z ! hold] ( !       
musical laurels ( bo? !  pa/ & ! pres5t 
9 national support ( native tal5t4 ,h]  
ef=ts  are signs ( ! live musical g5ius 
( ,belgium1 & %[ great /ate  c>e (      
musical culture4 ,belgium has always be5
 a lead] 9 musical  culture1 & ! _w owes
 h] a debt ( gratitude = h] products  ( 
g5ius1 only to be fully appreciat$ :5 ! 
pres5t abnormal  /age %all h pass$1 & ! 
san] musical s*ool be once m  e/abli%$4 
,am]ica owes mu* ( h] r>e/ pleasure to !
 v>i$ g5ius pres5t$  9 ,russian ,music4 
,may ! lesson ( ,russia's gov]nm5tal c>e
 =  h] subjects' ne$ ( ,music n be lo/1 
9 ! prosp]ity ( our too  comm]cializ$   
,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4    ,7 x n = !  
excell5t total ( ! ,bav>ian exp5ditures 
=  public education 9 ,music1 ,g]many z 

a :ole w\ld pres5t a v  poor figure1 =  
,saxony /&s l[1 & ! ,prussian /ati/ics 7
  8unavailable40#db ,saxony1 ) !        
wond]ful musical output1 :i*  s delights
 ! musical _w is evid5tly 9 ! h&s (     
private  bus9ess1 9 :i* gov]nm5tal      
protection & /ate cultivation  ( ,saxon 
tal5t z yet play b a small role4 ,?is is
 surpris+1  consid]+ ! examples ar\nd   
,saxony1 b h] res\rces & hi/ory  mu/ be 
tak5 into acc\nt 9 ! judgm5t ( h]       
g5]osity4    ,norway's population is    
sc>cely equal 9 numb] to t ( "o (  our  
m$ium siz$ ,am]ican cities2 h5ce h]     
figures repres5t a true  love & c>e =   
,music1 & ! products ( h] musical g5ius 
fully  ju/ify ! support accord$4 ,%e    
holds h] own 9 musical protection4      
,d5m>k has enri*$ our ,am]ican life ) ! 
/rong free blood (  ! ,nor?1 & h]       
,music1 ) its sweet sadness1 has left   
its impress  ^u ,am]ican musical        
culture4    ,! ,music-lov+1 &           
,music-ne$+ ,au/rians w f9d ! reason  ( 
_! c>e ( national rhy?m 9 ! sorr[s ( _! 

hi/ory1  = no o!r c\ntries h suff]$ f ! 
d\ble tyranny ( w>  & religion z h      
,au/ria & ,hung>y1 ^: emotions h be5  ! 
h>p ^u :i* o!r p[]s h play$ cont9u\sly4 
,au/ria's  position has n seem$         
suffici5tly /able 9 hi/ory to include x 
z a lead+ p[] sep>ate f ,g]man influ5ce1
 & ?\gh x is s  closely alli$ to ,italy 
9 temp]am5t1 its language & cu/oms are  
,g]man & its rec5t hi/ory is closely    
analog\s to t ( ,g]many4  ,yet ,au/ria's
 gov]nm5t is devot$ to ! musical int]e/s
 ( its  gift$ subjects4 ,?is musical    
race has produc$ "s ( ! noble/  tal5t1 =
 h] pa/ sorr[s & responsive temp]am5t   
ne$$ ,music  9 a m>k$ degree4 ,au/ria1  
/&+ s high among ! l>ge /ates  9 musical
 culture1 is to be congratulat$ = h]    
brilliant example4  ,au/ria's figures z 
!y /&1 & )\t tak+ into consid]ation  !  
size ( h] population1 w\ld h plac$ h] 9 
! lead4    ,sw$i% musical tal5t _h      
taught u to expect mu* f ,sw$51 &  we   
are ju/ifi$ 9 ?is fai?4 ,! %[+ made by  
,sw$5 9 a graph  ( ,/ate c>e ( musical  

culture1 w f9d its cause likewise 9 its 
hi/ory1 = ,sw$5's emotions h n be5 left 
to h>d5 = lack  ( use1 & h] acute       
suff]+s h be5 manife/$ 9 a f95ess  (    
musical tal5t1 & 9 a love = ! noble 9   
,music1 equal to !  progressiv5ess ( h] 
national m9d4 ,9 comp>ative peace = #ij 
ye>s1 soo!d by h] 8rhy?m-giv+0 ,music1  
:o %all det]m9e !  result ( t noble     
tranquillity1 :i* has be5 aid$ by h]    
p>5tal  c>e ( ! musical ne$s ( h] p8    
,sw$5 sets a spl5did  example = ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 s9ce despite a comp>ative lack 
(  weal?1 cold climate & seem+          
*e]lessness ( environm5t1 %e  nev]!less 
n\ri%es ! lovely fl[] ( national ,music4
 ,?is %[s  a progressiv5ess & c>e d\bly 
comm5dable1 :5 "o consid]s  9 addition  
to ! above m5tion$ fact1 ! smallness (  
bo? h]  population & h] res\rces z      
comp>$ ) o!r c\ntries4    ,! "w ( !     
,cons]vatory ( ,quito1 ,republic (      
,equador1 des]ves  high praise = !      
complet5ess ( its outfit & evid5t       
success4  ,x is refre%+ inde$ to feel t 

,music holds s l>ge a %>e (  public     
att5tion 9 ?is brave little ,republic ( 
! s\?4 ,! /udy  ( h] musical /ati/ics 9 
,app5dix ,c sugge/s v /rongly t !  ,lat9
 races may h f\nd 9 _! ,music1 an       
antidote = ! *ill+  comm]cialism ( mod]n
 civilization4    ,holl&1 f :om we      
expect$ little 9 gov]nm5tal support (   
,music1  pres5ts a v good /&+4 ,we      
,am]icans1 :o are pr\d t ,dut*  blood   
fl[s 9 our ve9s1 c\ld n d bett] ?an to  
take ?is small  nation z an example 9   
national duty4 ,%e %[s a praise-wor?y   
c>e  = national musical culture4 ,x is )
 pride 9 ! %[+ made by  ?is di/+ui%$    
little /ate t we call att5tion to h]    
national  culture ( music4    ,hung>y   
des]ves high praise = ! c>e ( h] musical
 tal5t z  repres5t$ 9 h] /ati/ics4      
,hung>ian composition has ev] possess$  
a special *>m = ,am]icans4 ,mu* may be  
expect$ ( a nation :i*  s c>es = !      
musical ne$ ( its humble/ memb]s z to   
support  a symphony or*e/ra = ! purpose 
( giv+ conc]ts = "y  workm5 9 prov9cial 

t[ns1 & = ! propagation ( arti/ic music 
& culture4      ,,footnotes3    #da ,!  
communication w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,e4  
#db ,see page #abg4                     
,,app5dix ,e4                           
,,communications4      ,^! lett]s are   
pres5t$ 9 cond5s$ =m = conv5i5ce4       
,janu>y #b1 #aiad4    ,tuition = /rang]s
 9 ,european cons]vatories is two hundr$
 francs4  ,entrance is dep5d5t ^u !     
prov$ musical ability1 be=e an          
exam9ation committee1 ( ! /ud5t to d    
s]i\s "w1 s9ce !  numb] ( /ud5ts 9 ea*  
class is limit$ to t54 ,native /ud5ts   
pay  only five francs4                  
,,ovid ,,mus94           99       99    
99       99       99    8,! ,fr5* &     
,belgian ,national & ,royal             
,cons]vatories are n  only support$1 b 7
 f\nd$ & are manag$ by _! gov]nm5ts  "u 
_! ,national & ,royal ,commission]s = ! 
cultivation (  ! ,art ( ,music1 = !     
,art's sake4 ,in/ruction is )\t co/  to 
natives1 b =eign]s are tax$ two hundr$  
francs p] ye>4  ,?is money goes to !    

gov]nm5t1 n to ! pr(essors4444 ,! only  
cons]vatory 9 ,france :i* is support$ by
 ! gov]nm5t is !  8,cons]vatoire        
national0 ( ,p>is4 ,! ,royal            
cons]vatories ( ,holl&  & ,belgium are  
unique1 & entirely diff]5t 9 s*eme f ^? 
9 any o!r c\ntry4444 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 
! gov]nm5t music  s*ools ( ,france &    
,belgium lies 9 ! fact t ! remun]ation  
( ! ,director1 pr(essors & o!r (fic]s is
 suffici5t 9 !  case ( ,belgium to      
enable ^! #8function>ies' ( ! gov]nm5t  
to  devote _! "t exclusively to _!      
(fice4 ,9 fact1 ! pr(essors  are on !   
same plane z ^? ( ! ,univ]sities1 :]eas 
9 ,france  ! remun]ation is q small1 & !
 pr(essors ( ?is ,national  ,cons]vatory
 d n rely ^u _! sal>ies 9 ord] to live1 
z  9 ,belgium1 & = t reason ! arti/ic   
results ( ! ,p>is  ,cons]vatory _c be   
comp>$ to ! cons]vatories ( ,belgium40  
,,mrs4 ,,ovid ,,mus94           99      
99       99       99       99    8,i    
believe t at ! ,cons]vatory ( ,milan !re
 are two classes  ( pupils4 ,"o is      

admitt$ to ! c\rses 9 a fix$ numb]1 free
 (  *>ge1 ! o!r by paym5t40             
,,gatti-,,casazza1                      
,director ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 
( ,new ,york4                           
,,au/ria4      ,vi5na1 ,decemb] #ac1    
#aiab4    ,enclos$ please f9d !         
gov]nm5tal report & /ati/ics = #aiac    
%[+ ,au/ria's appropriation = music4    
,,william ,,bopp1                       
,director ( ! ,imp]ial & ,royal         
,academy ( ,music & ,pla/ic ,arts4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,cr[ns    ,/ate ,cons]vatories1 annually
                         #fii1jbf       
,subv5tions to private musical s*ools   
#ccb1bjh    ,subv5tions to or*e/ra1     
*orus1 & o!r musical        societies   
#ace1hej    ,prizes = ,compos]s         
#g1jjj    ,= o!r musicians              
#ag1jjj    ,/ate competitions = compos]s
                         #c1jjj    ,o!r 
exp5ses = music                         
#aad1jjj    ,music ,in/ruction 9 ,public
 ,s*ools                    #cjb1jjj    

,s++ ,in/ruction 9 ! ,public ,s*ools    
#abj1jjj    ,extraord9>y exp5ses 9 !    
ye>s #aiaa-aiac =        ! new build+ ( 
! ,royal & ,imp]ial        ,academy (   
,music                                  
#b1jjj1jjj                              
----------        ,total                
#c1gcj1jhd                              
,,bav>ia4      ,muni*1 ,april #ba/1     
#aiac4      ,,royal ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,/ate1 
,,int]ior ,,&    ,,education ,,9        
,,bav>ia4      ,conc]n+ ,music          
,exp5ditures 9 ,bav>ia4    ,9 ,bav>ia   
!re are two ,music ,in/itutions :i* are 
direct$ &  support$ by ! ,/ate4 ,s f> _!
 income is n suffici5t to cov]  exp5ses4
 ,^! in/itutions are ! ,royal ,academy (
 ,music ,9 ,muni*  & ! ,royal           
,cons]vatory ( ,music 9 ,wu]zburg4    ,!
 contribution ( ! ,/ate = ! ye>'s       
budgets #aiab-aiac is1  ye>ly3          
,m>ks    ,= ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music 9
 ,muni*              #fg1cgj    ,= !    
,royal ,cons]vatory 9 ,wu]zburg         
#gb1ffj    ,! exp5ditures = ,music      

,in/ruction 9 ,s*ools ( ! ,/ate are     
ye>ly3      ,= ! ,humani/ic ,gymnasiums 
& ,real ,gymnasiums    #aeg1jjj    ,= ! 
,progymnasiums1 ,lat9 ,s*ools1 ,high    
,real        ,s*ools & ,real ,s*ools    
#abj1jjj    ,= ! ,tea*] ,in/itutes 7=   
bo? sexes7          #bhf1jjj            
----------                              
#gjc1jcj    ,! ,/ate does n contribute  
any sum = exp5ditures 9 ! ,royal        
,!atres 9 ,muni*4    ,also !re is no    
end[m5t f ! /ate = s*ol>%ips4 ,!re are  
special private end[m5ts = ?is purpose4 
,,/e9]4                                 
,,belgium4      ,brussells1 ,febru>y    
#d?1 #aiac4      ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,arts ,,&
 ,,sci5ces4      ,,f9e ,,arts ,,(fice4  
,,section ,,no4 #cajdb4    ,! f\r       
,cons]vatories are ,/ate ,in/itutions & 
! funds are  contribut$ f ! ,/ate1 !    
,prov9ce & ! cities4    ,! subv5tion f !
 ,/ate is z foll[s3                     
,francs    ,cons]vatorium 9 ,bruxelles  
#aij1ejj          0         0 ,liege    
#ajd1hce          0         0 ,g&       

#ff1gej          0         0 ,anv]s     
#fe1aij    ,annual subv5tion = ,music   
s*ools                         #acj1jjj 
,annual subv5tion = symphonic & *oral   
organizations     #bh1hjj    ,subv5tions
 to gift$ compos]s1 s+]s1 play]s        
7subject to *ange7 la/ ye>              
#bj1jjj    7,conc\rs de ,rome7 ,annual  
s*ol>%ip aw>d                   #d1jjj  
,bureau ( ,/udies                       
#ad1bjj    ,subv5tion to compos]s :o    
repres5t _! ,op]a        9 a ,belgium   
,!atre1 annually                        
#f1jjj    ,subv5tion = ! publication (  
old ,belgian compos]s1        annually  
#aa1jjj                                 
----------        ,total ( annual ,/ate 
subv5tion                               
#fda1bge                                
,m4 ,,phillis4                          
,,d5m>k4      ,,consulate ,,( ,,d5m>k4  
#h-aj ,bridge ,/4      ,,jnr4 ,a4,f4    
,i4 #i_/ac4      ,new ,york1 ,may #h1   
#aiac4dc      ,my ,de> ,sir3--    ,9    
fur!r ref]5ce to y\r lett] ( ,m>* #ai1  

,i beg to in=m y  t ! sum ( #aj1jjj     
,kron] has be5 grant$ to ! ,royal ,music
  ,cons]vatory & ( #a1jjj ,kron] to !   
s-call$ 8,palace ,conc]ts10  besides    
?is1 v>i\s small am\nts h be5 giv5 to   
s+]s &  musicians to enable !m to ga9   
fur!r exp]i5ce abroad4    ,hop+ t ?is   
in=mation w be ( asi/ance1 ,i am1       
,y\rs v truly1                          
,j4 ,,clan1                             
,consul-,g5]al4                         
,,engl&4      ,telegrammes3--           
,r5seigne1 ,london4      ,,bo>d ,,(     
,,education4      ,,:itehall1 ,,london1 
,s4 ,w4      ,decemb] #bd?1 #aiab4      
,no "p ( ! grant paid by ! ,bo>d (      
,education to s*ools1 or  o!r           
educational in/itutions :]e music is    
taught is e>-m>k$ =  ! in/ruction (     
music4    ,an annual grant ( #ejj ea* is
 made by ! ,/ate to ! ,royal ,academy  (
 ,music & ! ,royal ,college ( ,music4 ,a
 simil> grant ( #cjj p]  annum is made  
to ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy ( ,music4    
,! ,army ,e/imates = ! f9ancial ye>     

#aiab-aiac include sums (  #ba1gjj 9 aid
 ( b& exp5ses 9 ! ,regul> ,army & #c1cjj
 9 aid  ( ! ,army ,s*ool ( ,music4 ,s++ 
& music are taught 9 "s  e/abli%m5ts =  
milit>y education1 b ! exp5ditures 9 ^! 
subjects c n be sep>at$ f ! re/ ( !     
exp5ditures4    ,!re is no ,/ate        
subv5tion ( op]a4                       
,y\rs fai?fully1                        
,a4 ,w4 ,,tw5lyman4    ,?is pres5ts     
,engli% musical exp5ditures z foll[s3   
,annual ,grants by ,/ate to3--          
,p\nds    ,royal ,academy ( ,music      
#ejj    ,royal ,college ( ,music        
#ejj    ,iri% ,academy ( ,music         
#cjj    ,army ,b& exp5ses 9 ,regul>     
,army    #ba1gjj    ,s*ools ( ,music    
#c1cjj                                  
------            ,total                
#bf1cjj                                 
,,equador4      ,augu/ #ca/1 #aiac4     
,! ,national ,cons]vatory ( ,music 0    
f\nd$ ,april #bf?1 #aijj1 by            
,executive-,judicial ,decree4           
,initial ,gov]nm5t ,subv5tions4         

#aijj               ,sucres             
,in/allation ,funds                     
#b1jjj4jj    ,sal>ies                   
#ab1jjj4jj    ,musical ,in/rum5ts &     
,music        #c1eaj4cj                 
#aijc-e4    ,musical ,in/rum5ts & ,music
       #ce1jjj4jj    ,ma9t5ance         
#eh1ghj4jj    ,annual ,gov]nm5t         
,subv5tions s9ce #aije4                 
,sucres    #aijf                #bc1jjj 
#aijg                #bc1jjj    #aijh   
#bb1jjj    #aiji                #be1chj 
#aiaj                #bg1edj    #aiaa   
#ca1ejj    #aiab                #bh1ejj 
#aiac                #bh1ejj    ,! fir/ 
ye>'s class1 #aijj1 numb]$ n9ety-?ree m5
 & ?irty-"o  wom54 ,! class ( #aiac1    
includ$ two hundr$ & tw5ty-six m5 &  two
 hundr$ & ?irte5 wom54                  
,,! ,,directors1                        
,national ,cons]vatory ( ,music1        
,quito1 ,equador4                       
,,france4      ,febru>y #i1 #aiac4      
,"h are all ! (ficial /ati/ics--obta9$  
?is v morn+4                            

,i4 ,,philipp1                          
,pr(essor1 ,p>is ,cons]vatory4          
,francs    ,music ,inspectors1 annually 
#ad1bjj    ,travell+ exp5ses            
#c1jjj    ,fr5* ,academy 9 ,rome1       
"o-fif? ( total        #bi1aie          
,national ,cons]vatory3 ,pr(essors      
#aig1cjj                                
,mat]ial                   #da1cej      
,indemnities                #da1bbc     
,bran* ,in/itutes         #aef1ejj      
,national ,!atres1 ,subv5tions          
#a1bbe1jjj    ,music ,libr>y ( ! ,op]a  
,h\se                   #f1jjj          
,popul> ,conc]ts                        
#acc1ejj    ,subv5tions to ,musical     
,societies                   #g1ajj     
,palace ( ! ,trocad]o1 = ! ,music ,hall 
#ac1jjj    ,subv5tions to musicians     
#ajc1gej                                
----------            ,total annually   
#a1iga1aah                              
,,holl&4      ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,!          
,,int]ior1 ,,no4 #gcc4      ,afdeel+ ,k4
 ,w4 ,m9i/]ie ,van    ,b9n5l&s*e ,zak5  

,grav5hage1      ,m>* #ai1 #aiac4       
,flor9s    #a4 ,subsidiz+ (             
,cons]vatories                          
#bg1jjj    #b4 ,subsidies = poor1 "y1   
gift$ musicians ( bo?          sexes1 z 
help 9 _! /udies                        
#e1jjj    #c4 ,= milit>y b&s            
#ahf1jjj                                
,,?4 ,,heemsk]k1                        
,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior &                   
,secret>y-,g5]al ( ,holl&4              
,,norway4      ,*ri/iania1 ,dec4 #ae1   
#aiab4    ,our !atres h no gov]nm5tal   
subsidy4 ,music 9 ! public s*ools  is a 
local n a f$]al matt]4    ,we h no      
cons]vatories ( ! usual ,european type b
 !re are  small] music s*ools & s*ools =
 organi/s :i* are 9 "p  subv5tion$ by ! 
,/ate4    ,:at ! ,/ate sp5ds = purposes 
( music c be describ$ z foll[s3         
,cr[ns    ,milit>y ,music annually      
#afj1jjj    ,subv5tion to compos]s      
#e1bjj    ,subv5tion to o!r musicians   
#f1jjj    ,music s*ools                 
#d1ejj                                  

---------          ,total1 annually     
#age1gjj                                
,mo/ respectfully1                      
,,ole ,,oleson1                         
,army ,inspector ( ,music4              
,,italy4      ,rome1 ,febru>y #ad1      
#aiac4      ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,in/ruction4  
,,g5]al ,,(fice    ,,( ,,! ,,director   
,,( ,,antiquities  ,,f9e ,,arts4        
,posiz4 #ba aff4 g54          ,n4 di4   
,,prot4 #cci4 ,,subject3 ,,/ati/ical    
,,inquiry4    ,! ,italian ,gov]nm5t     
appropriates #ddj1ejj ,lire =           
pr(essional  sal>ies & #adf1djj ,lire = 
adm9i/ration exp5ses 9 connection  ) !  
five national cons]vatories ( music     
among :i* ! =m]  am\nt is apportion$ z  
foll[s3                                 
,lire    ,milan ,cons]vatory ( ,music   
#ajb1jjj    ,naples      0       0   0  
#ajg1jjj    ,pal]mo     0       0   0   
#hj1jjj    ,p>ma       0       0   0    
#ga1ejj    ,flor5ce ,musical ,in/itute  
#hj1jjj    ,!re is an additional        
appropriation approximately #cj1jjj     

,lire =  extraord9>y or tempor>y        
comp5sation to ! p]sonnel ( ^!  v>i\s   
s*ools4      ,in/rum5ts1 etc4           
#aca1ddj    ,annual ,gov]nm5t ,subv5tion
 to ! ,city ,cons]vatory          (     
,music at ,rome                         
#aja1jjj    ,annual subv5tion to pupils 
#b1jjj                                  
7,,luigi7 ,,cr$>o1                      
,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction4           
,,prussia4      ,,am]ican ,,consulate   
,,g5]al1    ,,b]l91 ,,g]many4      ,m>* 
#aj1 #aiac4    ,i ackn[l$ge receipt (   
y\r lett] ( ,febru>y #i1 #aiac1 relative
 to  exp5ditures ( ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t
 = ! b5efit ( musical art4    ,i am     
in=m$ by ! ,prussian ,/ati/ical ,bureau 
t no def9ite  figures are available z to
 exp5ditures 9 ?is bran* ( education4   
,! ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ,education has    
also be5 unable to in=m me (  ! am\nt   
utiliz$ 9 ?is p>ticul> bran*4 ,he adds t
 ! am\nt  s exp5d$ v>ies f ye> to ye>4  
,aside f ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t v>i\s    
municipalities )9 !  ,k+dom occasionally

 make money grants = ! enc\ragem5t (    
musical  /ud5ts4 ,la/ ye>1 = example1 ! 
,city ( ,b]l9 vot$ ,m>ks #fj1jjj        
7#ad1bhj47 9 ord] t ! ,philh>monic      
,or*e/ra might be reta9$  9 ! city dur+ 
! summ] mon?s in/ead ( visit+ sea %ore &
  o!r resorts4 ,9 consid]ation ( ?is    
subsidy1 ! or*e/ra play$  popul> conc]ts
 at c]ta9 l>ge halls at a nom9al rate ( 
admission4    ,! ,g]man ,emp]or 9 8     
private capacity is a lib]al contributor
  to musical art4 ,he makes money grants
 annually = ! support ( !  ,royal ,op]a 
9 ,b]l91 ! am\nt v>y+ ) ea* ye>'s ne$s4 
,!  am\nt ( ?is contribution is n made  
public4    ,! =ego+ is ! mo/ def9ite    
in=mation obta9able on ?is  subject4 ,i 
hope x may be ( "s s]vice to y4         
,v respectfully y\rs1                   
,m4 ,,?ack>a1                           
,am]ican ,consul ,g5]al4                
,,hung>y4    ,! foll[+ li/ ( gov]nm5tal 
in/itutions = musical culture  9 ,hung>y
 7 k9dly submitt$ by ,dr4 ,paul         
,maj\szky1 ,*ief ( !  ,f9e-,art         

,section1 & ,n>ay-,szab1 ,/ate          
,secret>y4                              
,cr[ns    ,! ,musical ,academy (        
,budape/ receives a ye>ly          sum (
 7f ,budget ( #aiac7                    
#che1bcc    ,s*ool ,fees am\nt to       
#ed1ddj    ,ye>ly subv5tions to ,music  
,s*ools ma9ta9$ by          prov9cial   
t[ns & associations                     
#ef1jjj    ,assi/ance to musicians1     
especially to compos]s =          /udies
 9 =eign c\ntries & = publi%+           
musical compositions                    
#h1jjj    ,= g5]al musical aims1        
or*e/ras1 conc]t subv5tions          (  
musical works                           
#abb1jjj    ,= ma9t5ance ( ,philh>monic 
,society =m$ by          memb]s ( !     
,royal ,hung>ian ,op]a1 &          !    
,symphonic ,or*e/ra f\nd$ by ! ,/ate    
9 ord] to give conc]ts = ! "y workm5    
9 prov9cial t[ns                        
#abj1jjj    ,= ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,royal   
,op]a ,or*e/ra          & ! paym5t ( its
 ,director                              

#cdc1ejj    ,= ! ,*oral ,society ( !    
,budape/ ,royal ,hung>ian               
,univ]sity                              
#gjj    ,= ! ,*oral ,society ( ! ,joseph
 ,polyte*nical          ,high ,s*ool    
#a1jjj    ,& = its ,or*e/ra             
#a1ejj    ,t[>d sal>ies ( ,music ,tea*]s
 9 s*ools                  #hh1ajj    ,=
 ,milit>y ,music ,b&s                   
#gf1jjj                                 
-----------                             
#a1bjb1jcc                              
,,russia4      ,,imp]ial ,,russian      
,,embassy4      ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4      
,wa%+ton1 ,may #bh1 #aiac4    ,no4 #aic4
    ,! exact sum sp5t annually 9        
subv5tions to music by ! ,imp]ial       
,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior is #aci1ijj ,r\bles
 p] annum4                              
,,alex&] ,,lyssakovsky4                 
,fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,embassy4           
,,saxony4      ,dresd51 ,april #h?1     
#aiac4      ,knigli*-,s*sis*es          
,m9i/]ium des ,inn]n4      ,no4 #fbg    
,,iii4 ,f4    ,!re are no ,/ate         

,cons]vatories or ,/ate ,s*ools =       
musical  education 9 ,saxony4    ,!     
in/itutions = musical education "u      
control ( ! m9i/]ial  dep>tm5t are v>i\s
 private und]tak+s4    ,= arti/ic       
developm5t 9 music ! und]sign$ ,m9i/ry  
all[s #e1jjj  m>ks a ye>4 ,?is support  
is = "p or :ole tuition = unusually     
gift$ & /udi\s m5 & wom5 /ud5ts :o      
belong 9 ,saxony4                       
7,graf7 ,,vitz?um ,,von ,,eck/a$t1      
,royal ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,saxony4    
,,sw$54    ,royal ,cons]vatory ( ,music4
      ,/ockholm1 ,janu>y #d?1 #aiac4    
,! ye>ly subv5tions ( ! ,sw$i% ,gov]nm5t
 = music accord+ to  ! late/ available  
s\rces3                                 
,cr[ns    ,annual subv5tion f ! ,/ate = 
! ,royal        ,academy ( ,music & !   
,royal ,cons]vatory       #he1fdi4fg    
,subv5tion to ! ,royal ,op]a ,h\se      
#fj1jjj4jj    ,subv5tions to ,sw$i%     
,compos]s                               
#ae1jjj4jj    ,musical ,in/ruction 9    
public s*ools                #abd1cfg4ej

    ,milit>y or*e/ras                   
#a1jbg1dbd4aj    ,two or*e/ras          
#bh1jjj4jj                              
------------        ,total ( annual     
subv5tion                               
#a1cdj1dda4bg                           
,,br4 ,,beckman4                        
,,unit$ ,,/ates4    ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,!  
,,int]ior1 ,,bureau ,,( ,,education1    
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,m>* #e1 #aiac4      
#a4 ,! ,am]ican gov]nm5t does n make any
 appropriation :atsoev]  = ! in/ruction 
( pupils 9 public cons]vatories4    #b4 
,s f> z kn[n to ?is (fice1 none ( !     
/ates contribute sums  = ! same purpose4
    #c4 ,! ,am]ican gov]nm5t does n make
 any subv5tion = gr&  op]a4 ,9 s f> z   
?is ,bureau has be5 able to obta9       
in=mation1 no  su* subv5tion is made by 
any /ate4    #d4 ,s f> z kn[n to ?is    
,bureau1 !re is no subv5tion = or*e/ra  
organizations or *oral societies4    #e4
 ,s f> z kn[n to ?is ,bureau !re are no 
prizes grant$ by !  ,/ate = musical     
a*ievem5ts to compos]s1 s+]s or play]s4 

#f4 ,!re is no end[m5t by ! f$]al       
gov]nm5t to enable "y  gift$ musicians  
to complete _! musical education 9      
,am]ica or  abroad4    ,i may say t     
in/ruction 9 music is giv5 9 "s ( !     
,indian  s*ools ma9ta9$ by ! f$]al      
gov]nm5t & su* s*ools also  h musical   
organizations4 ,no specific             
appropriation = in/ruction  9 music1    
h[ev]1 is made by ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,?is
 /atem5t  applies also to /ate-aid$     
in/itutions4                            
,respectfully1                          
,t4 ,a4 ,,kalba*1                       
,*ief ,cl]k4                            
,,hung>y4      ,,royal ,,hung>ian       
,,m9i/ry    ,,( ,,public ,,wor%ip ,,&   
,,education    ,,budape/    ,n4 #acegg  
,,translation4    ,i h ! hon\r to give y
 ! in=mation y ask$ 9 y\r lett]  f !    
#aa? ,janu>y1 #aiac4 ,!re is only "o    
musical s*ool1 a  high-s*ool1 ( ! /ate 9
 ,hung>y3 ! ,music ,academy 9 ,budape/4 
,! budget ( ! pres5t ye> provides ! sum 
( #che4bcc cr[ns =  ! ma9t5ance ( t     

in/itute4 ,aft] d$uct+ ! s*ool fees  (  
#ed4ddj cr4 ! /ate has to sp5d ye>ly    
#ccc4gic cr4 ,! /ate  gives also to !   
music s*ools ma9ta9$ by prov9cial t[ns &
  associations a ye>ly subv5tion (      
#ef4jjj cr4 t is increas+  f ye> to ye>4
 ,to ! purpose ( assi/+ musicians1      
especially  compos]s to make /udies 9   
=eign c\ntries1 & ( publi%+  musical    
compositions & a collection ( popul>    
songs1 ! budget  provides #h1jjj cr4 ,= 
g5]al musical aims1 7or*e/ras1 conc]ts1 
subv5tions ( musical works1 etc47       
#abb4jjj cr4 are de/9$1 specially       
#abj4jjj cr4 to ! ma9t5ance ( !         
philh>monic society =m$ by  memb]s ( !  
,royal ,hung4 ,op]a & ! ,symphony       
,or*e/ra f\nd$  by ! /ate 9 ord] to give
 conc]ts = ! "y workm51 etc4 9          
prov9cial t[ns & to ! propagation (     
arti/ic music & culture4  ,! ma9t5ance (
 ! ,royal ,op]a ,or*e/ra & ! paym5t (   
its  dirig5t require #cdc4ejj cr4 ,!    
capital ,budape/ ma9ta9s a c\rse  (     
music1 & numb] ( prov9cial t[ns ma9ta9  

music s*ools &  or*e/ras )\t any        
assi/ance ( ! /ate4 ,z = ! co/s (       
milit>y b&s ,i %all h ! hon\r to give y 
subsequ5tly !  necess>y in=mation4      
,budape/1 ! #bc;d ,m>* #aiac4           
,= ! m9i/]3                             
7,sign$7 ,,n>ay-,,szabo1                
,/ate ,secret>y4           99       99  
99       99       99      ,,royal       
,,hung>ian ,,m9i/ry    ,,( ,,public     
,,wor%ip ,,& ,,education    ,,budape/   
,n4 #abdfee    ,i h ! hon\r to give y ! 
supplem5t>y in=mation ,i promis$1  :5   
answ]+ 7,n4 #acegg1 #ab? ,april7 y\r    
lett] f ! #aa?  ,janu>y4 ,! ,hung>ian   
,/ate at pres5t gives an annual subsidy 
( #gjj  cr[ns to ! *oral society (      
,budape/ ,royal ,hung>ian ,univ]sity1   
#ajjj cr[ns to ! *oral society & #aejj  
to ! or*e/ra ( !  ,joseph ,olyte*nical  
,high ,s*ool4 ,9 ! middle s*ools        
7,colleges &  ,real ,s*ools7 ! musical  
tea*+ is n yet p]fectly organiz$1 !     
fees = ! c\rses are paid by ! pupils1 ! 
/ate contributes to  ! sal>ies ( music  

tea*]s4 ,! annual co/s ( ! said tea*+   
am\nt 7includ+ a sal>y ( #fdjj cr4 = !  
inspector7 9 girl  s*ools to #gd1ejj1 9 
m$ico-p$agogical in/itutes to #ac1fjj   
cr41  ^? = ! ma9t5ance ( milit>y        
music-b&s 9 ! regul> army  #gf1djj      
cr[ns4    ,budape/1 ! #bd? ,july1 #aiac4
                                        
,by ord] ( ! ,m9i/]1                    
7,sign$7 ,,dr4 ,,paul ,,maj[zky1        
,*ief ( ! ,f9e-,art ,section4           
,,footnotes3    #dc ,ano!r lett] dat$   
,may #ac1 #aiac1 adds 8#i1fjj ,kron] to 
!  diff]5t conc]t associations10 br++   
,d5m>k's annual exp5diture  = musical   
education up to a total ( #bj1fjj       
,kron]4                                 
,,app5dix ,f4                           
,,bibliography4      ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory 
,,& ,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,,music ,,!43     
,irv+ ,squ>e1 ,new  ,york4    ,,bailey1 
,l4 ,h43 ,c\ntry ,life ,movem5t1 #aiaa1 
,mac,millan ,co4    ,,bryce1 ,,james3 ,!
 ,am]ican ,commonweal?1 #aiaa1          
,mac,millan ,co4    ,,bulf9*1 ,,?omas3  

,age ( ,fables1 ,john ,d4 ,morris  ,co41
 ,no4 #abb (  ,edition de ,luxe4        
,,caes>1 ,,julius3 ,de ,bello ,gallico4 
,,c>h>t1 ,h4 ,s43 ,univ]sity ,physics1  
,"p ,i1 ,allan  ,bacon1 ,bo/on4         
,,d>w91 ,,*>les3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 #aiji1 
,appleton  ,co41 ,second ,edition4      
,,defursac1 ,j4 ,,rogues3 ,manual (     
,psy*iatry1 #aijh1 ,john ,wiley  ,sons1 
,new  ,york4    ,,dick9son1 ,,edw>d3 ,! 
,/udy ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,music1 #aiab1 ,*as4
  ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new ,york4         
,,ellis1 ,,havelock3 ,/udies 9 !        
,psy*ology ( ,sex1 #aijf1 ,f4 ,r4 ,davis
  ,co41 ,philadelphia4    ,,ellis ,,&   
,,horne3 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,greate/ ,nations1
 ,nigluts*4    ,,galton3 ,h]$it>y ,g5ius
 & ,engli% ,m5 ( ,sci5ce4    ,,gibb9s1  
,h4 ,,de ,b43 ,indu/ry 9 ,engl&1 #aijg1 
,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1  ,new ,york4   
,,gibbons1 ,,ed43 ,roman ,empire1 ,hur/ 
,co41 ,new ,york4    ,,gidd+s3          
,democracy & ,empire1 #aiab1 ,mac,millan
 ,co42 ,pr9ciples (  ,sociology1 #aiaa1 
,mac,millan ,co42 ,descriptive &        

,hi/orical ,sociology1  #aiji1          
,mac,millan ,co42 ,inductive ,sociology1
 #aiji1 ,mac,millan ,co42 ,elem5ts  (   
,sociology1 #ahih1 ,mac,millan ,co42    
8,sociology10 a lecture publi%$ 9  #aijh
 by ! ,columbia ,press4    ,,grote1     
,,george3 ,greece1 ,pet] ,f5elon ,colli]
  ,son1 ,new ,york4    ,,gumm]e1        
,,francis ,b43 ,g]manic ,orig9s1 #ahib1 
,*as4 ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new  ,york4    
,,gumplovicz1 ,,ludwig3 ,rass5kampf1    
#aiji1 ,innsbruck1 ,wagn]s*e univ4      
bu*hadlung4    ,,gurney1 ,,edmund3 ,!   
,p[] ( ,s\nd1 #ahhj1 ,smi?1 ,eld]  ,co41
 ,london4    ,,haddon1 ,a4 ,c43 ,! ,w&]+
 ( ,peoples4    ,,h>rison1 ,,jane       
,,ell53 8,!mis40    ,,haweis1 ,,rev4 ,h4
 ,r43 ,music & ,morals1 #ahgf1 ,h>p]    
,bros41 ,new ,york4    ,,hawes1 ,c4 ,h4 
,,& ,h4 ,b43 ,crete1 ,! ,=]unn] (       
,greece1 #aiaa1 ,h>p]   ,bros4          
,,helmholtz1 ,,h]mann ,l4 ,f43          
,s5sations ( ,tone1 #aiab1 ,longmans1   
,gre5   ,co4    ,,haekel1 ,,ern/3       
,riddle ( ! ,univ]se1 ,h>p]  ,bros41 ,n4

 ,y4 & ,london4    ,,h]vey1 ,,ar?ur3    
,ma/]s ( ,fr5* ,music1 #ahif1 ,*as4     
,scribn]'s ,sons4    ,,hi/orical        
,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,,!1 ,london1          
,philadelphia4 ,! ,drama4    ,,h\gh ,,& 
,,s$gwick3 ,! ,human ,me*anism1 ,g9n    
,co4    ,,h[ell1 ,,william ,h43         
,text-,book ( ,physiology1 #aijg1 ,v4   
,b4 ,saund]s ,co41  ,new ,york4         
,,hueff]1 ,,francis3 ,half a ,c5tury (  
,music 9 ,engl&1 #ahhi1 ,gebbie  ,co4   
,,janet1 ,,pi]re3 ,! ,major ,symptoms ( 
,hy/]ia1 #aijg1 ,mac,millan ,co4        
,,j5cks ,,& ,,lauck3 ,immigration       
,problem1 #aiab1 ,funk  ,wagnalls ,co4  
,,keane1 ,a4 ,h43 ,! ,_w's ,peoples1    
#aijh1 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,new    
,york4    ,,kitto1 ,,john3 ,pale/9e1    
,pet] ,f5elon ,colli]  ,son1 ,new ,york4
    ,,kraepel91 ,,dr4 ,,emil3 ,cl9ical  
,psy*iatry1 #bnd ,edition1 ,william     
,wood   ,co41 #aijf4    ,,lanson1       
,,gu/av3 ,hi/oire de la litt]ature      
francaise1 #ahid1 ,ha*ette   ,co41      
,p>is4    ,,lavignac1 ,,alb]t3 ,music & 

,musicians1 #ahii1 ,h5ry ,holt  ,co41   
,new ,york4    ,,let\rneau1 ,,*as43     
,prop]ty1 ,its ,orig9 & ,developm5t1    
#ahif1 ,*>les  ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new   
,york4    ,,ma9e1 ,,h5ry ,,sumn]3       
,lectures on ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory (          
,in/itutions4    ,,maitl&1 ,,full]3     
,ma/]s ( ,g]man ,music1 #ahid1 ,osgood1 
,mc,ilvaine   ,co41 ,london4    ,,m>x1  
,,dr4 ,,k>l3 ,capital1 #aiji1 ,*as4 ,h4 
,k]r  ,co41 ,*icago4    ,,morgan1       
,,lewis ,h43 ,anci5t ,peoples4          
,,myres1 ,j4 ,l43 ,! ,dawn ( ,hi/ory1   
#aiaa1 ,williams & ,norgate1 ,london4   
,,o*ea3 ,tesoro del ,teatro ,espanol1   
,tomo ,,iv1 #ahih1 ,g>ni] ,h]manos1     
,p>is4    ,,re9s*1 ,,paul ,s43 ,am]ican 
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 ,g9n  ,co4            
,,ripley1 ,,william ,g43 ,! ,races (    
,europe4    ,,r\sseau1 ,j4 ,j43 ,du     
contrat social1 ,erne/ ,flamm>ion1      
,p>is4    ,,ru!r=d1 ,e43 ,radio         
,activity1 #aije1 ,cambridge1 ,univ]sity
 ,press4    ,,s*op5hau]1 ,,ar?ur3 ,! ,_w
 z ,w & ,idea1 #aijg-i1 ,k4 ,paul1      

,tr5*1 ,trubn]  ,co41 ,london4          
,,seag]1 ,,h5ry ,,rog]s3 ,social        
,insurance1 #aiaj1 ,! ,mac,millan ,co41 
,am]4  ,social ,progress ,s]ies4        
,,seebohm1 ,,fr$]ick3 ,tribal ,cu/oms 9 
,anglo-,saxon ,law1 #aijb1 ,longmans1   
,gre5  ,co41 ,new ,york42 ,! ,tribal    
,sy/em 9 ,wales1 #aijd1 ,longmans1      
,gre5  ,co41 ,new ,york4    ,,sp5c]1    
,,h]b]t3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples42 ,syn!tic    
,philosophy1 #aijj1 ,d4  ,appleton      
,co42 ,pr9ciples ( ,biology1 #aijj1 ,d4 
,appleton  ,co4    ,,/&>d ,,am]ican     
,,encyclop$ia1 ,,!4    ,,/e9]1 ,,edw>d  
,a43 ,on ! ,trail ( ! ,immigrant1 #aijf1
 ,flem+ ,h4  ,revell ,co4    ,,/orr+1   
,,gu/av3 ,m5tal ,pa?ology & ,normal     
,psy*ology1 #aijg1 ,swan1  ,sonn5s*e9   
,co41 ,london4    ,,/reatfield1 ,r4 ,a43
 ,! ,op]a1 #aijg1 ,george ,r\tl$ge      
,sons1 ,limit$1  ,london4    ,,sumn]1   
,,william ,j43 ,folk ,ways1 #aijg1 ,g9n 
,co41 ,bo/on4    ,,symonds1 ,,john      
,,add+ton3 ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 #aijg1 
,*as4 ,scribn]'s  ,sons1 ,new ,york4    

,,tacitus3 ,g]mania1 #aiaa1 ,g4 ,bell   
,sons1 ,london4    ,,taylor1 ,,isaac3 ,!
 ,orig9 ( ! ,aryans4    ,,?omas1        
,,william ,j43 ,s\rce ,book = ,social   
,orig9s1 #aiji1 ,!  ,univ]sity ( ,*icago
 ,press4    ,,?omson1 ,j4 ,,ar?ur3      
,d>w9ism & ,human ,life4    ,,?orndike1 
,,edw>d ,a43 ,educational ,psy*ology1   
#aijc1 ,! ,sci5ce ,press1  ,new ,york4  
,,tilley1 ,,ar?ur3 ,! ,lit]ature ( !    
,fr5* ,r5aissance1 #aijd1  ,cambridge1  
at ! ,univ]sity ,press4    ,,wallas*ek1 
,,ri*>d3 ,primitive ,music1 #ahic1      
,longmans1 ,gre5  ,co4    ,,w>d1 ,,le/]3
 ,appli$ ,sociology1 #aijf1 ,g9n & ,co4 
,,webb1 ,,sidney ,,& ,,beatrice3        
,indu/rial ,democracy1 #aiaa1 ,longmans1
 ,gre5   ,co41 ,london4    ,,willeby1   
,,*as43 ,ma/]s ( ,engli% ,music1 #ahic1 
,jas4 ,r4 ,osgood1  ,mc,ilvaine  ,co41  
,london4    ,,wooldridge1 ,h4 ,e43 ,!   
,ox=d ,hi/ory ( ,music1 #aija1 ,ox=d1 at
 !  ,cl>5don ,press4                    
,,vita4      ,! writ] 0 graduat$ f ,new 
,york ,univ]sity 9 #aijj ) !  degree (  

,ba*elor ( ,laws4 ,%e ent]$ ,columbia   
,univ]sity 9 #aijg  :]e %e receiv$ !    
degrees ( ,ba*elor ( ,music 9 #aiaj1 & (
  ,ma/] ( ,arts 9 #aiaa4    ,%e is !    
au?or ( 8,! ,advanc$ ,s*ool ( ,vocal    
,art10 & ( v>i\s  op]atic libretti1 & ! 
translator ( num]\s publi%$ poems f  !  
,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian & ,spani%4      
,dur+ #aijb-aijd1 %e 0 a contributor f  
,russia to 8,! ,brooklyn  ,daily        
,eagle10 &1 9 #aiab1 to v>i\s           
p]iodicals4 ,dur+ #aijd-aiac1  %e 0 "o (
 ! f\r directors ( ,! ,p[ell & ,pirani  
,musical  ,in/itute ( ,brooklyn1 ,new   
,york4    ,9 #aiji1 %e 0 "o ( !         
incorporators ( 8,! ,public ,good       
,society  ( ,new ,york ,city10 & 0      
elect$ its presid5t1 :i* position %e    
/ill holds4    ,9 #aiab %e 0 elect$     
honor>y memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philh>monic 
,society4                               
,,index        ,a      ,abnormality 9   
,mod]n ,life1 #fd      ,accid5t at ,sea1
 #de      ,adaptation ( physical        
functions1 #bb      ,adequate tra9+1 #i 

,age ( ,music1 #cf      ,agitation1 #f  
,agitation tranquilliz$1 #da            
,am]ican crav+ = rhy?m1 #ie             
,am]ican indu/ry1 #h      ,am]ican      
tal5t1 #h      ,am]ican type ( music1   
#ic      ,animals & musical s\nd1 #bg   
,appeal ( ! "w1 #ad      ,appreciation 9
 music1 #cc      ,aryan appreciation1   
#ci      ,aryan di/urbances1 #ci        
,aryan tal5t1 #be      ,aub] & ! social 
m9d1 #hg      ,au/ria1 #aad      ,awak5+
 9 ,italy1 #fg        ,b      ,b>b>ism &
 its music1 #cg      ,b>d]s ( ,tacitus1 
#cj      ,bav>ia1 #aae      ,belgium1   
#aag      ,bell9i & ! social m9d1 #fb   
,b]lioz & ! social m9d1 #he             
,bibliography1 #ach      ,boildieu & !  
social m9d1 #hf      ,briti% emotions1  
#fi        ,c      ,canada & its type ( 
,music1 #ej      ,ca?olicism & !        
ideo-,motor elem5t1 #ea                 
,*>act]ization 9 music1 #cj             
,*>act]i/ic ,italian composition1 #fg   
,*ildr5 & ,s\nd1 #bi      ,*9ese use (  
music1 #bd      ,*op9 & ! social m9d1   

#he      ,*ur* influ5ce & ! ballad1 #ia 
,*ur* ,*oirs1 #ed      ,*ur* pressure 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #id      ,civilization 
& bodily di/urbance1 #g                 
,civilization & rhy?m di/urbances1 #cg  
,classes rea*$ by musical s*ools1 #aj   
,complexity 9 social pressure1 #ic      
,complexity 9 music1 #cb-cf             
,complications 9 ,or*e/ration1 #he-hg   
,conc]t$ volition 9 music1 #cd          
,conc]t ,te/s 9 ,coney ,isl&1 #da       
,conc]t ,te/s 9 ,engl&1 #da      ,conc]t
 ,te/s 9 ,g]many1 #da      ,conc]t ,te/s
 9 ,russia1 #da      ,conc]t ,te/s 9    
,unit$ ,/ates1 #da      ,conc]t ,te/s ^u
 ,italian ,/one ,cutt]s1 #ej      ,coney
 ,isl& response to ,musical ,/imulus1   
#dc      ,contra/s 9 ,fr5* & ,g]man     
re-actions1 #hd        ,d      ,danc+ a 
ne$1 #fe      ,d>w9's !ory ( music1 #ai 
,dawn ( musical hi/ory1 #ch             
,deafness & c>riage motion1 #dh         
,deafness & music1 #dh      ,deafness & 
! telephone1 #dh      ,decay ( ! ,g5s1  
#cf-cg      ,d5m>k1 #aah                

,depression & ,musical /imulus1 #df     
,desire = music1 #ad      ,developm5t ( 
ideas1 #be      ,developm5t ( int]nal   
integrations1 #bc      ,di/urbance      
expressions1 #bd      ,di/urbance (     
bodily rhy?m1 #f      ,di/urbances      
def9$1 #cb      ,dogmatic emotional ne$1
 #ea      ,donizetti & ! social m9d1 #fb
        ,e      ,economic movem5ts1 #e  
,effects ( rhy?mic /imulus1 #db-df      
,emotional =ces1 #e      ,emotional     
products 9 music1 #ef      ,emotions &  
s\nd1 #ac      ,engl&1 #aai      ,engli%
 composition1 #fi      ,engli% support (
 musical culture1 #gj      ,equador1    
#aba      ,european recognition (       
,musical ne$1 #aj      ,evolution ,/ages
 7a7 ,appreciation1 #cc      7b7        
,utilization1 #cc      7c7              
,*>act]ization1 #cc      7d7            
,socialization1 #cc      ,evolution ( ! 
,eye1 #bb      ,e?nic music1 #cf        
,excitable natures1 #dh      ,exp]im5ts1
 #dc        ,f      ,fees1 #aje         
,fir/ responses to /imuli1 #bb          

,fir/ int]-*ange ( ideas1 #bb      ,fir/
 rhy?mic inv5tions1 #bc      ,=eign     
tal5t1 #id      ,france1 #ha-abb        
,franck & ! social m9d1 #hi      ,fr5*  
intellectualism 9 music1 #ef      ,fr5* 
op]a1 #he      ,fr5* re-actions1 #ha    
,g      ,g5s sy/em & emotionalism1 #ci  
,g5tile family1 #cf      ,g]man folk _s1
 #gd      ,g]man gr& op]a1 #di          
,g]man li$]1 #di      ,g]manic tribal   
music1 #bi      ,g]many1 #ga            
,gidd+s note1 #cd      ,greek ,*ur*     
type1 #ej      ,g\nod & ! social m9d1   
#hi      ,gr\p re-action to music1 #da  
,gr\p t5d5cy 9 music1 #g        ,h      
,haeckel's note1 #ba      ,he>t action &
 mod]n /imuli1 #bi      ,h]oic op]a1 #gd
      ,h9dus & ! musical ideal1 #bd     
,holl&1 #abc      ,human lik+ = l       
musical motion1 #ce      ,hung>y1       
#abi-ace      ,hylobates syndactylus1   
#bb      ,hymnal music1 #ib        ,i   
,ideo emotional gr\ps1 #di              
,indebt$ness = /ati/ics1 #af            
,individual exp]im5ts1 #dg              

,inspiration 9 ,columbia ,college       
c\rses1 #ag      ,intellectual /imuli ( 
tribal life1 #bg      ,italian ,ideals1 
#fe      ,italian life & papal au?ority1
 #fb      ,italy1 #abe        ,j        
,japan's use ( music1 #bd        ,k     
,knightly ballad ta/e1 #gb        ,l    
,laws ( motion & ! body1 #eh      ,laws 
( ne$1 #db      ,lectures ) music1 #de  
,lectures )\t music1 #de      ,life     
pres]vation & music1 #eh      ,live =ce 
9 musical vibrations1 #bf        ,m     
,mass5et & ! social m9d1 #hi            
,mascagni & ! social m9d1 #fg      ,mean
 rhy?m ( aggregates1 #ca                
,measurem5t ( musical effects1 #bf      
,m5tal attitude ( #ahba1 #gd            
,m5delssohn & ! social pressure1 #gf    
,mey]be] & ! social m9d1 #hg      ,mild]
 /imuli & musical expression1 #hj       
,mission ( music1 #ac      ,music &     
,motion1 #ca      ,music z a heal?      
measure1 #ee      ,music z a national   
ne$1 #bh      ,music & national         
di/urbances1 #fj      ,music z an       

incid5t =ce1 #ei      ,music & social   
control1 #af      ,music = rhy?m        
ma9t5ance1 #ca      ,music z an indu/ry1
 #i      ,music 9 ,colleges1 #aj        
,music taxation1 #aa      ,music (      
birds1 #bg      ,music 9 c>riage motion1
 #dh      ,musical employm5t field1     
#h-id      ,musical madness1 #hi        
,musical /ati/ics1 #ab      ,musical    
tone 9 railway motions1 #dh             
,musical tone 9 telephones1 #dh         
,musical tone 9 wa% ( waves1 #dh        
,musical tone 9 w9ds1 #dh      ,musical 
valves = ,am]ican emotionalism1 #ie     
,n      ,napoleon's influ5ce on music1  
#hc      ,national control ( music1 #g  
,national /imuli1 #fj      ,national    
type ( music1 #aj-ee      ,nature &     
music1 #ai      ,new comb9ation ( tone &
 n]ve1 #ei      ,new organs = new       
/imuli1 #cg      ,normal pulse action1  
#ef      ,normaliz+ effect ( music1 #dh 
,nor!rn immigration1 #ib      ,norway1  
#abd        ,o      ,ocean ,grove m5tal 
type1 #ea      ,op]a comique "u ,mehul1 

#hf      ,or*e/ral complexity1 #he      
,p      ,paleoli?ic man & p]cussion1 #cf
      ,panic calm$ by ,national songs1  
#df      ,p>tially deaf re-actions to   
music1 #bg      ,passion = homog5eity1  
#cf      ,peace & ,p>sifal1 #hj         
,peace & religi\s agitation1 #hh        
,p]iodic ,motions1 #ci      ,phlegmatic 
natures1 #dh      ,pione] life & social 
pressure1 #ia      ,popul> waves (      
feel+1 #f      ,primitive man's rhy?mic 
life1 #ba      ,primitive spee* z       
rhy?mic di/urb]1 #bc      ,prop] /udy ( 
music1 #ae      ,prussia1 #abg          
,public emotionalism1 #f      ,public   
s*ool musical in/ruction1 #id        ,r 
,rational ?9k+ & ,gidd+'s def9ition1 #dj
      ,rationali/ic gr\p1 #eb           
,rationali/ic music1 #eb      ,real     
elem5ts ( music1 #bb      ,rebelli\s    
fanaticism1 #hc      ,rec5t absurdities 
9 musical =m1 #fb      ,rec5t           
immigration1 #ic      ,realm ( musical  
ne$1 #ec      ,reflective ,sympa?y &    
music1 #ce      ,response ( ! masses1 #e

      ,regi/ration ( rhy?m1 #ci         
,religi\s atmosph]e 9 ,u4 ,s41 #ib      
,revolution>y "* ( ,tri/an #ahfe1 #gh   
,rise ( indu/rial complications1 #ib    
,ross9i & ! social m9d1 #fb-hf          
,russia1 #acj      ,russian audi5ces1   
#di        ,s      ,sa9t-,sa5s & !      
social m9d1 #hi      ,savag]y & its     
music1 #cg      ,saxony1 #aca           
,s*umann & ! social m9d1 #di            
,sci5ce & musical /udy1 #ae      ,s*ub]t
 & ! social m9d1 #gb      ,sep>ation (  
*ur* & /ate1 #hi      ,social want1 #aj 
,social welf>e1 #ae      ,social m9d 9  
,france1 #hb      ,sociological         
t]m9ology 9 music1 #ce      ,s\rces (   
conclusions1 #da      ,s\rces (         
/ati/ics1 #gd-ii      ,sp5c]'s !ory (   
music1 #bj      ,spont9i & ! ,napoleonic
 regime1 #hf      ,/ate & ,municipal    
exp5diture1 #aj      ,/r5u\s ye>s #ahdh 
to #ahfj1 #fe        ,t      ,t5sion 9  
/rikes1 #df      ,te/s among            
revolution>y elem5ts1 #ed      ,t5d5cy  
t[>d musical equality1 #cf      ,!ory ( 

rhy?m1 #ab      ,!sis1 #g               
,toneurology1 #ef      ,trag$y elem5t 9 
,italian life1 #fa      ,tribal life &  
rhy?mic di/urbances1 #bc        ,u      
,unit$ ,/ates1 #ia-acc      ,untal5t$   
citiz5s1 #ae      ,univ]sal crav+ =     
music1 #ec      ,utility aspect ( music1
 #cc        ,v      ,value ( ,new ,york 
exp5ditures1 #aj      ,value (          
p]cussion1 #bc      ,value ( music ) !  
dance1 #fd      ,v]di & ! social m9d1   
#fe      ,vibratory impulse1 #cj        
,vita1 #adc      ,vocalism extraord9>y1 
#fb      ,von ,web] & ! social m9d1 #gd 
,w      ,wagn] & ! social m9d1 #ej      
,wallas*eks1 #bj      ,waltz1 social    
significance (1 #gg      ,w> factor 9   
music ( tribes1 #be      ,wave 7!7 (    
emotionalism #ahfa1 #ib      ,we/]n     
music1 #i      ,work+ girl's te/s1      
#da-ed      ,work+ girl's club1 #df     
,transcrib]'s ,notes    ,errors 9       
punctuation h be5 fix$4    ,page #ai3   
8!re mn/ lie0 *ang$ to 8!re mu/ lie0    
,page #bd3 8sub-conscions recognition0  

*ang$ to 8sub-consci\s  recognition0    
,page #bg3 8same muscial environm5t0    
*ang$ to 8musical environm5t0    ,page  
#ci3 8held tog!r0 *ang$ to 8held toge!r0
    ,page #df3 8! 8,m>sellaise00 *ang$  
to 8! 8,m>seillaise00    ,page #eh3     
8pys*ology0 *ang$ to 8psy*ology0 9 two  
locations    ,page #gc3 8,eight5?       
c5tury0 *ang$ to 8,eighte5? c5tury0     
,page #ge3 8pa9o works0 *ang$ to 8piano 
works0    ,page #hg3 8musical           
composiiton0 *ang$ to 8musical          
composition0    ,page #ib3 8! agitaiton 
(0 *ang$ to 8! agitation (0    ,page    
#id3 8?\s&s ( pr(essioanl0 *ang$ to     
8?\s&s (  pr(essional0    ,page #adh3   
8,primitive spea*0 *ang$ to 8,primitive 
spee*0 8,s\rces (  sati/ics0 *ang$ to   
8,s\rces ( /ati/ics0    ,page #aej3     
8life & rhy?mis0 *ang$ to 8life &       
rhy?mic0