,frontispiece3 ,,! ,,david4 ,bell's ,m9iature ,s]ies ( ,pa9t]s ,,mi*elangelo ,,by ,,edw>d ,c4 ,,/rutt ,,london ,,george ,,bell ,,sons #aijh ,fir/ ,publi%$1 ,janu>y1 #aijd4 ,repr9t$1 #aijh4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,"s ,,books ,,ab\t ,,mi*elangelo ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,*ronology ,,( ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,life ,,life ,,( ,,mi*elangelo ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,mi*elangelo ,,our ,,illu/rations ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,*ief ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies ,,"s ,,books ,,ab\t ,,mi*elangelo ,c>te ,mi*elangioles*e9$ite4 ,milano1 #ahfe4 ,vita di ,mi*elangelo ,buon>roti1 by ,a4 ,condivi4 ,pisa1 #ahbc4 ,mi*elangelo1 by ,h4 ,knackfuss4 ,b]l91 #ahie4 ,mi*el ,ange1 by ,e4 ,ollivi]4 ,p>is1 #ahib4 ,! ,lives & ,works ( ,mi*elangelo & ,raphael1 by ,quatrem]e de ,qu9cy4 ,mi*elangelo1 by ,l4 von ,s*effl]4 #ahib4 ,mi*elangiolo 9 ,rom1 #aejh-aeab1 by ,a4 ,spr+]4 ,leipzig1 #ahge4 ,life & works ( ,m4 ,a4 ,buon>roti1 by ,*>les ,hea? ,wilson4 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,life ( ,mi*elangelo ,buon>roti1 by ,john ,add+ton ,symonds4 ,london1 #ahic4 ,mi*elangelo ,buon>roti1 by ,sir ,*>les ,holroyd4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,an acc\nt ( ! draw+s by ,raphael & ,mi*elangelo 9 ! ,univ]sity ,gall]ies ( ,ox=d1 by ,sir ,j4 ,c4 ,rob9son4 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 by ,"l ,ronald ,su!rl& ,g[]4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,! ,,david ,accademia1 ,flor5ce1 ,frontispiece ,,portrait ,,( ,,mi*elangelo ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,man ,si/9e ,*apel1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,tomb ,,( ,,lor5zo ,,de' ,,m$ici ,new ,sacri/y1 ,san ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce ,,c5tral ,,gr\p ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,judgm5t ,si/9e ,*apel1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,madonna ,,della ,,piet ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,rome ,,! ,,holy ,,family ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce ,,! ,,moses ,san ,pietro 9 ,v9coli1 ,rome ,,*ronology ,,( ,,mi*elangelo',s ,,life #adge4 ,born at ,caprese4 #adhh4 ,is appr5tic$ to ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo4 #adhi-ib4 ,/udies sculpture "u ! patronage ( ,lor5zo il ,magnifico4 #aejd4 ,ent]s into competition ) ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 #aeje4 ,goes to ,rome at ! invitation ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 #aejh4 ,beg9s pa9t+ ceil+ ( ,si/9e ,*apel4 #aeab4 ,completes x4 #aeba4 ,comm5ces ,m$icean ,tombs 9 ,san ,lor5zo4 #aebi4 ,=tifies ,flor5ce aga9/ ,*>les ,v4 #aece-da4 ,pa9ts ,la/ ,judgm5t4 #aedg4 ,beg9s build+ ,cupola ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 #aefd4 ,dies 9 ,rome4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,mi*elangelo ,9 ! qua9tly writt5 di>y ( ,mess] ,lodovico ,buon>roti ,simoni1 a well-to-d ,flor5t9e citiz51 ! foll[+ entry1 dat$ ,m>* #f?1 #adge1 may /ill be f\nd3 ,to-day !re 0 born unto me a male *ild1 :om ,i h nam$ ,mi*elagnolo4#a ,he saw ! light at ,caprese1 :]e( ,i am ,pode/1 on ,monday morn+1 #f? ,m>*1 betwe5 f\r & five o'clock1 & on ! #h? ( ! same mon? he 0 baptiz$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,giovanni4 ,mess] ,lodovico _h be5 appo9t$ ,pode/1 or ,gov]nor1 ( ,*iusi & ,caprese 9 ! ,cas5t9o by ,lor5zo de ,m$ici only a few mon?s be=e p5n+ ?is memor&um1 s t1 by a /range caprice ( fate1 x 0 "h1 9 ! little t[n ov]%ad[$ by ! rugg$ ,sasso della ,v]na1 hall[$ by ! ec/atic visions ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 & n 9 ,flor5ce1 9 ! ,a!ns ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 :]e resurrect$ ,paganism ran riot & triumph$1 t ! longe/ & mo/ glori\s c>e] 9 ! hi/ory ( art & ( human endeav\r began4 #a ,?is is ! ar*aic =m ( angelo4 ,! "n is also sometimes spelt ,mi*elangiolo1 b ,i h ?\ght x advisable to adopt ! mod]n & m g5]ally accept$ ,mi*elangelo4 ,vas>i & ,condivi1 ,mi*elangelo's pupils & en?usia/ic biograph]s1 ma9ta9 t ! ,buon>roti family 0 closely relat$ to ! great h\se ( ! ,c\nts ( ,canossa1 a conviction fully %>$1 curi\sly en\gh1 by ! arti/ himself1 :o r prid$ himself on 8 ari/ocratic connection4 ,b rec5t g5ealogical rese>*es h prov$ beyond all d\bt t1 al?\gh ( g5tle bir? 7bo? 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 ,madonna ,francesca di ,m9iato ,del ,s]a1 com+ ( anci5t ,flor5t9e /ock71 ,mi*elangelo c\ld n 9 reality lay claim to ev5 di/ant ties ( k9%ip ) ! ,canossa family4 ,on ! expiration ( 8 t]m ( (fice z ,pode/ ( ,caprese1 :i* ext5d$ little ov] a ye>1 ,mess] ,lodovico return$ ) 8 family to ,settignano1 ! picturesque little village built on a v9e-clad slope ov]look+ ,flor5ce1 :]e1 9 an old-fa%ion$ mansion ne/l+ among olive trees & surr\nd$ by a well-cultivat$ pod]e1 _m g5]ations ( ! ,buon>roti _h liv$ & di$4 ,be=e leav+ ,caprese1 h[ev]1 ! pr\d fa!r _h ! *ild's horoscope ca/1 & greatly did he rejoice :5 ! a/rolog] ann\nc$ t a s+ul>ly lucky comb9ation ( ! planets _h presid$ ov] ! bir? ( 8 boy1 :o 0 de/9$ to p]=m wond]s ) 8 m9d & ) 8 h&s1 a prophecy :i* 0 amply fulfill$4 ,,fir/ ,,flor5t9e ,,p]iod ,! removal ( ! ,buon>roti family to ,settignano1 ! little village almo/ exclusively inhabit$ by /onemasons & work]s 9 m>ble1 ex]cis$ a mo/ decisive influ5ce on ! *ild's future c>e]4 ,inde$1 ,mi*elangelo himself us$ to say half je/+ly1 t z he _h be5 giv5 out to nurse to a /onemason's wife1 ! mania = sculpture mu/ h ent]$ 8 blood toge!r ) ! milk :i* he _h suck$ z a babe4 ,a mallet & a *isel & bits ( m>ble 7 ! only toys t ! infant ,mi*elangelo c>$ =1 & x is record$ ( him t :5 he grew up to be a /urdy boy ( t5 he c\ld use 8 tools almo/ z skilfully z 8 fo/]-fa!r himself4 ,he soon became m ambiti\s1 & w\ld pass :ole h\rs ) *alk & *>coal1 try+ to copy ! m>ble figures & ornam5ts pl5tifully /rewn ab\t4 ,= x 0 a busy "t at ,settignano1 ^: hundr$s ( /one-c>v]s 7 h>dly able to cope ) ! num]\s commissions :i* p\r$ 9 ^u !m f ! m]*ant pr9ces ( ,flor5ce1 anxi\s to rival ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t 9 ! build+ & decoration ( spl5did palaces4 ,a spirit$ draw+ ( a faun by ,mi*elangelo's boyi% h& may /ill be se5 on a wall ( ! ,buon>roti ,villa4 ,mess] ,lodovico did ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to disc\rage ^! m>k$ arti/ic t5d5cies1 & 9 ord] ! bett] to uproot :at he reg>d$ z a wor?less incl9ation1 he s5t ! boy to a gramm>-s*ool 9 ,flor5ce1 away f ! dang]\s milieu ( ,settignano1 ) its unceas+ d9 ( hamm] & *isel on rev]b]at+ m>ble1 :i* 0 sweet music to ,mi*elangelo's e>4 ,b al?\gh ,mae/ro ,francesco da ,urb9o1 to ^: c>e ,mess] ,lodovico _h entru/$ 8 son1 frequ5tly _h rec\rse to ! mo/ p]suasive & =cible argum5ts1 !y 7 entirely lo/ on "y ,mi*elangelo1 :o _h in/9ctively drift$ into ! company ( ! g>zoni & pupils ( lead+ ,flor5t9e arti/s1 & sadly neglect$ 8 books 9 ord] to devote himself ) gr[+ en?usiasm to ! /udy ( art4 ,among/ 8 new fri5ds 0 ,francesco ,granacci1 a pupil ( ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo1 :o (t5 l5t him draw+s to copy1 & took him to 8 ma/]'s bottega :5ev] any "w 0 go+ =w>d f :i* he might le>n4 ,s p[]fully1 says ,condivi1 did ^! sights move ,mi*elangelo1 t he altoge!r ab&on$ lett]s2 s t 8 fa!r1 :o held art 9 contempt1 (t5 beat him sev]ely = x4 ,b x soon became app>5t t bl[s & p]suasion 7 equally unavail+1 & ,mess] ,lodovico f9ally gave up ! hopeless /ruggle1 appr5tic+ 8 ?irte5-ye>-old son on ,april #a/1 #adhh1 to ,dom5ico & ,david ,ghirl&ajo1 reput$ ! be/ pa9t]s ( ! "t 9 ,flor5ce4 ,al?\gh a m]e *ild1 ,mi*elangelo 0 evid5tly already able to make himself useful 9 ! /udio1 = in/ead ( pay+ a c]ta9 sum = 8 appr5tice%ip1 z 0 usually ! case1 x 0 /ipulat$ t he %\ld receive tw5ty-f\r flor9s1 ab\t #h #abs41 dur+ ! ?ree ye>s ( its duration4 ,mi*elangelo's fir/ picture 0 a /rik+ly fai?ful copy ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]'s fam\s ,temptation ( ,/4 ,antony1 :i* he pa9t$ ) a reali/ic =ce consid]$ wond]ful = a *ild ( 8 age4 ,a numb] ( anecdotes illu/rative ( ! precocity ( ! boy's g5ius1 are relat$ by ,condivi & by ,vas>i4 ,mi*elangelo1 says ! latt]1 grew 9 p[] & "* s rapidly t ,dom5ico 0 a/oni%$ see+ him d ?+s q extraord9>y 9 a y\?1 = he n only surpass$ ! o!r /ud5ts1 b (t5 equall$ ! "w done by 8 ma/]4 ,x happ5$ t ,dom5ico 0 work+ 9 ! great *apel ( ,santa ,m>ia ,novella1 & "o day :5 he 0 out ,mi*elangelo set himself to draw f nature ! scaffold+1 ! tables ) all ! mat]ials ( ! art1 & "s ( ! "y m5 at "w4 ,pres5tly ,dom5ico return$1 & saw ,mi*elangelo's draw+4 ,he 0 a/oni%$1 say+ '?is boy kn[s m ?an ,i d2' & he 0 /upefi$ by ?is /yle & new realism2 'a gift f heav5 to a *ild ( su* t5d] ye>s4' ,mi*elangelo d]iv$ v little advantage f 8 appr5tice%ip to ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo1 :o 0 actually jeal\s ( 8 pupil & gave him little or no assi/ance 9 8 /udies4 ,he may h pick$ up "s practical k1 h[ev]1 transf]r+ c>toons = 8 ma/] 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,novella1 pa9t+ drap]ies & ornam5ts1 mix+ col\rs = fresco pa9t+1 & g5]ally fulfill+ ! r m5ial duties :i* fell to ! lot ( an arti/'s appr5tice 9 ^? days4 ,! boy _h no fix$ plan or me?od ( /udy1 b devot$ himself pr9cipally to draw+1 9 :i* he soon acquir$ a boldness & security ( l9e nev] atta9$ by 8 ma/]1 ^: faulty c>toons ,mi*elangelo (t5 _h ! c\rage to correct4 ,x 0 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,m$ici at ,san ,m>co1 :]e ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t _h collect$ _m antique /atues & decorative sculptures1 t ,mi*elangelo f9ally discov]$ 8 real arti/ic vocation1 & "h he w\ld sp5d _m h\rs e day1 assimilat+ ! ,hell5ic _s :i* emanat$ f ! ma/]pieces be=e him4 ,lor5zo's pr9cipal object 9 e/abli%+ a museum ( antique sculpture at ,san ,m>co _h be5 to raise ,flor5t9e sculpture f ! /ate ( comp>ative neglect into :i* x _h fall5 s9ce ! dea? ( ,donatello4 ,he !re=e appo9t$ "o ,b]toldo1 :o _h be5 =eman ( ,donatello's work%op1 keep] ( ! collection1 ) a special commission to enc\rage & in/ruct ! "y m5 :o /udi$ !re4 ,b !re 0 evid5tly a great lack ( /ud5ts1 = ,lor5zo _h rec\rse to ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo1 reque/+ him to select f 8 pupils ^? he consid]$ ! mo/ promis+1 & s5d !m to "w 9 ! g>d5 ( ,san ,m>co4 ,dom5ico1 no?+ lo? to get rid ( 8 two mo/ ambiti\s appr5tices1 select$ ,francesco ,granacci & ,mi*elangelo1 & x 0 ?us t ! latt] came "u ! influ5ce ( ,donatello's s*ool4 ,( ,b]toldo1 :o mu/ be consid]$ ,mi*elangelo's fir/ in/ructor 9 ! art ( sculpture1 & :o d\btless _h a great %>e 9 %ap+ 8 g5ius1 v little is kn[n beyond ,vas>i's /atem5t t al?\gh he 0 old & c\ld n "w1 he 0 none ! less an able & highly reput$ arti/4 ,! magnific5t pulpits ( ,san ,lor5zo1 begun by ,donatello & complet$ by ,b]toldo1 amply suffice to confirm ,vas>i's eulogi/ic e/imate4 ,"u su* a ma/] ,mi*elangelo made rapid progress1 & by 8 fir/ attempt at sculpture1 a mask ( a gr9n+ ,faun1 attract$ ! att5tion ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 :o took ! ke5e/ int]e/ 9 ! art s*ool :i* he _h f\nd$4 ,s /ruck 0 ,lor5zo ) ! boy's g5ius1 t he prevail$ ^u ,mess] ,lodovico1 n )\t ! greate/ difficulty1 to entru/ ! tal5t$ "y sculptor to 8 c>e4 ,vas>i tells u t he gave ,mi*elangelo a good room 9 8 own h\se ) all t he ne$$1 treat+ him l a son1 ) a seat at 8 table1 :i* 0 frequ5t$ e day by noblem5 & m5 ( great importance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,mi*elangelo4 ,mi*elangelo's daily companions at ?is hospitable bo>d 7 su* m5 z ,pico della ,mir&ola1 surnam$ ! pr9ce ( wisdom1 ,m>silio ,fic9o1 ! exp\nd] ( ,plato1 & ! poets ,luigi ,pulci & ,angelo ,poliziano4 ,x 0 ! latt] :o sugge/$ ! subject ( ,mi*elangelo's fir/ important "w1 a bas-relief1 n[ 9 ! ,casa ,buon>roti1 repres5t+ ! ,battle ( ! ,c5taurs & ,lapi?ae4 ,x is a s+ul>ly p[]ful composition1 conceiv$ & c>ri$ out ) a fre$om & orig9ality little %ort ( miracul\s 9 a boy ( fifte54 ,! /ruggl+ gr\ps ( combatants1 in/9ct ) life & en]gy1 ! ma/]ful treatm5t ( anatomical problems1 & ! already pr(\nd k ( ! human frame1 reveal ! future au?or ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,mi*elangelo himself1 :5 at ! height ( 8 arti/ic greatness1 us$ to say t he _h nev] q fulfill$ ! spl5did promise conta9$ 9 ?is y\?ful "w ( 84 ,ap>t f its intr9sic m]it1 ?is bas-relief is int]e/+ z illu/rat+ ,mi*elangelo's complete indep5d5ce f ! s*ool & me?ods ( ,donatello4 ,8 bold & orig9al g5ius _h s\ght inspiration directly f ! antique1 & ! ,battle ( ! ,c5taurs & ,lapi?ae might easily be tak5 = a fragm5t f "s ,roman s>cophagus4 ,9 view ( ^! v pron\nc$ *>act]i/ics1 x is difficult to und]/& :y ano!r bas-relief1 also 9 ! ,casa ,buon>roti1 repres5t+ a seat$ ,madonna ) ! ,infant ,jesus1 & *iefly notable = its almo/ s]vile imitation ( ,donatello's mann]1 %\ld be ascrib$ by mo/ critics to ?is same p]iod4 ,inde$1 ! execution & design ( ?is ,madonna & ,*ild are s inf]ior z to r5d] x a "w ( extremely d\btful au!nticity4 ,al?\gh he appli$ himself pr9cipally to ! /udy ( sculpture1 ,mi*elangelo cont9u$ to devote _m h\rs e day to draw+1 &1 l mo/ "y arti/s ( 8 age1 he drew & /udi$ assidu\sly 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,c>m9e1 conta9+ ! fam\s frescoes ( ,masaccio & 8 foll[]s4 ,consci\s ( 8 own sup]iority1 ,mi*elangelo 01 x appe>s1 9 ! habit ( frankly criticiz+ ! "w ( 8 fell[-/ud5ts 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel1 & "o ( ^!1 nam$ ,pi]o ,torrigiani1 a brutal & pr\d fell[1 got s angry "o day t he hit ,mi*elangelo a =midable bl[ on ! nose1 break+ ! c>tilage & disfigur+ 8 critic = life4 ,= ?is act ( temp] ,torrigiani 0 bani%$ f ,flor5ce1 b x is pleasant to "k t ,mi*elangelo successfully int]c$$ ) ,lor5zo on behalf ( ! man :o _h assault$ him4 ,mi*elangelo _h j complet$ ! ,battle ( ! ,c5taurs & ,lapi?ae :5 he lo/ 8 be/ fri5d & munific5t patron1 to :om he _h become deeply atta*$4 ,on ,april #h?1 #adib1 ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t di$ at ,c>eggi1 s9c]ely m\rn$1 n only 9 ,flor5ce1 b ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,! g5]\s enc\ragem5t :i* he gave to art & lett]s1 ! p[] & spl5d\r :i* he be/[$ on ,flor5ce 9 ex*ange = h] lo/ lib]ty1 m z an infatuat$ lov] d[]+ a wayw>d bride ?an z a conqu]or impos+ 8 w1 ! consummate ability display$ 9 8 diplomatic deal+s ) ! o!r ,italian ,/ates1 ^! 7 ! pr9cipal m]its :i* ju/ifi$ ! pr\d title ( ,il ,magnifico1 conf]r$ on him by 8 contempor>ies1 & :i* caus$ ,lor5zo's dea? to be reg>d$ z a public calamity ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,s mu* grief1 says ,condivi1 did ,mi*elangelo feel = 8 patron's dea?1 t = "s "t he 0 q unable to "w4 ,he left ! ,m$icean palace1 :i* _h be5 8 home dur+ ?ree ye>s1 & return$ to 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,b 8 love = art 0 /rong] ?an 8 grief1 & aft] a few weeks1 :5 he 0 himself aga91 he b\ght a l>ge piece ( m>ble t _h = _m ye>s be5 expos$ to ! w9d & ra91 & c>v$ a ,h]cules out ( x4 ,?is /atue 0 plac$ 9 ! ,/rozzi ,palace1 :]e x /ood until ! siege ( ,flor5ce 9 #aecj1 :5 ,giovanni ,batti/a della ,palla b\ght x & s5t x into ,france z a gift to ,k+ ,francis ,i4 ,x has un=tunately be5 lo/4 ,at ?is "t ,mi*elangelo appli$ himself mo/ dilig5tly to ! /udy ( anatomy1 a pr(\nd k ( :i* is app>5t 9 all 8 subsequ5t works4 ,he 0 indebt$ to ! ,prior ( ,santo ,spirito = _m k9dnesses1 among/ o!rs = ! use ( a room :]e he dissect$ ! subjects1 = ! mo/ "p execut$ crim9als1 :i* ! ,prior plac$ at 8 disposal4 ,no?+1 says ,condivi1 c\ld h giv5 ,mi*elangelo m pleasure1 & ?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( 8 anatomical /udies1 :i* he foll[$ until he _h completely ma/]$ ! secrets ( ! human frame4 ,x is surpris+ t arti/s ( ! ,c9quec5to %\ld h enjoy$ privileges = practically /udy+ anatomy :i* 7 d5i$ to physicians4 ,:5 ! fam\s ,dr4 ,hunt] saw ,leon>do da ,v9ci's anatomical draw+s & _! descriptions1 pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,george ,,iii41 he discov]$ ) a/oni%m5t t ! arti/ _h be5 a deep /ud5t1 & 0 at t "t ! be/ anatomi/ 9 ! _w4 ,mi*elangelo1 z ,vas>i tells u1 dissect$ _m dead bodies1 zeal\sly /udy+ anatomy1 :]eas ,cortesius1 pr(essor ( anatomy at ,bologna1 :o wrote a c5tury lat]1 compla9s t he 0 prev5t$ f9i%+ a treatise on ,practical ,anatomy 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ only be5 able twice to dissect a human body 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r ye>s4 ,to please 8 fri5d ! ,prior1 ,mi*elangelo c>v$ a crucifix 9 wood1 a little "u life size1 :i* 0 plac$ ov] ! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( ,santo ,spirito1 b :i* has s9ce be5 lo/4 ,pi]o de' ,m$ici1 ! ,magnifico's son & successor1 _h inh]it$ none ( 8 fa!r's brilliant qualities4 ,he 0 pr\d & insol5t1 & 8 co>se ta/es & mann]s soon lo/ him t popul>ity :i* _h be5 ,lor5zo's /epp+-/one to greatness4 ,mi*elangelo1 :o _h be5 8 companion z a boy1 & :om he p]suad$ to accept 8 hospitality1 0 ill at ease 9 ! h\se ( a ,pr9ce :o c\ld s f> insult ! s5sitive arti/ z to boa/ t he _h two rem>kable m5 9 8 e/abli%m5t1 ,mi*elangelo & a c]ta9 ,spani% groom rem>kable = 8 a?letic pr[ess1 ?us plac+ bo? on ! same level4 ,too pr\d to tol]ate su* treatm5t1 & =esee+ ,pi]o's approa*+ fall1 ,mi*elangelo left ,flor5ce e>ly 9 ! ye> #adid & w5t fir/ to ,v5ice1 :]e he fail$ to f9d employm5t1 & !nce to ,bologna4 ,"h he 0 hospitably receiv$ by a g5tleman nam$ ,mess] ,gian ,francesco ,aldovr&i1 :o n only paid a f9e ( fifty ,bolognese lire to :i* ! impecuni\s "y sculptor _h be5 condemn$ = hav+ neglect$ to provide himself ) a passport1 b invit$ him to 8 h\se & hon\r$ him highly1 delight+ 9 8 g5ius1 & e ev5+ he made him read some?+ f ,dante or f ,petr>ca1 or n[ & !n f ,boccaccio1 until he fell asleep4 ,:ile /ay+ ) ,aldovr&i1 & ?anks to 8 recomm5dation1 ,mi*elangelo complet$ an unf9i%$ /atue ( ,san ,petronio 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,dom5ico & c>v$ a /atuette ( a kneel+ angel hold+ a c&le/ick = ! arca or %r9e ( ! sa9t1 begun by ,nicol di ,b>i4 ,x is a beautiful & highly f9i%$ "w1 :i* 0 greatly admir$ & = :i* he receiv$ ?irty ducats4 ,8 success ar\s$ ! fi]ce jeal\sy ( ! ,bolognese sculptors1 & x 0 "u fe> ( p]sonal viol5ce f ! native craftsm51 :o accus$ him ( tak+ ! bread out ( _! m\?s1 t ,mi*elangelo ha/ily left ,bologna 9 ! spr+ ( #adie & return$ to ,flor5ce4 ,9 ,novemb] ( ! prec$+ ye> ,pi]o de' ,m$ici _h _h to fly f ! city ov] ^: de/9ies he 0 s unfit to preside1 & :5 ,mi*elangelo return$ to ,flor5ce he f\nd t ,savon>ola _h e/abli%$ a popul> gov]nm5t4 ,! fi]y ,dom9ican1 ) 8 inspir$ eloqu5ce1 8 ascetic f]v\r & an en]gy bord]+ ^u viol5ce1 0 exactly a man aft] ,mi*elangelo's he>t1 & ,savon>ola's impassion$ & gloomy appeals made an indelible impression ^u him4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel might almo/ be reg>d$ z a pictorial r5d]+ ( "o ( ! t]rible frate's s]mons4 ,al?\gh only tw5ty ye>s ( age1 ,mi*elangelo1 ( :om x has be5 said t he 0 nev] "y1 0 made a memb] ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,citiz5s4 ,b 8 political duties did n take up mu* ( 8 "t1 = to ?is p]iod mu/ be ascrib$ ! /atue ( a y\?ful ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 execut$ = ,lor5zo di ,pi] ,francesco1 a c\s9 ( ! exil$ ,m$ici1 & n[ 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,x is a *>m+ b some:at effem9ate figure1 diff]+ /rangely f ! p[]ful & rugg$ /yle to :i* we are accu/om$ 9 ,mi*elangelo's works4 ,lor5zo1 h[ev]1 0 delight$ ) x & became a /aun* fri5d & admir] ( ! "y sculptor1 ^: /udio he frequ5tly visit$4 ,on "o occasion he f\nd ,mi*elangelo at "w on a ,sleep+ ,cupid s p]fectly modell$ & conceiv$ 9 a _s s truly ,hell5ic1 z to appe> a ma/]piece ( antique art4 ,lor5zo sugge/$ t ,mi*elangelo %\ld make x look z if x _h be5 buri$ "u ! e>? = _m c5turies1 s t ! /atue1 be+ tak5 = a g5u9e antique1 w\ld sell mu* bett]1 & ! arti/1 m out ( pr(essional pride ?an 9 hopes ( ga91 foll[$ 8 fri5d's sugge/ion4 ,! ,sleep+ ,cupid 0 s5t to ,rome1 :]e ,raffaelo ,ri>io1 ,c>d9al di ,san ,giorgio1 b\ght x z an antique = two hundr$ ducats1 an evid5ce n s mu* ( ! ,c>d9al's ignorance z ( ,mi*elangelo's c>eful /udy ( classical art4 ,?is "w 0 indirectly ! cause ( ,mi*elangelo's fir/ com+ to ,rome1 = ! ,c>d9al hav+ discov]$ t 8 ,cupid _h be5 made 9 ,flor5ce 0 at fir/ v angry at hav+ be5 fool$1 & insi/$ on ! deal]1 ,baldass>e del ,milanese1 tak+ back ! /atue & refund+ ! two hundr$ ducats 7( :i* sum1 by ! way1 ,mi*elangelo _h only receiv$ ?irty ducats71 b :5 8 ang] _h subsid$1 ! prelate1 :o 0 a lib]al patron ( art1 %rewdly conclud$ t a sculptor :o c\ld s well imitate ! antique 0 wor? enc\rag+1 & he =?) despat*$ "o ( 8 g5tlem5 to ,flor5ce = ! express purpose ( discov]+ ! my/]i\s =g] & br++ him to ,rome4 ,! ,c>d9al's emiss>y1 aft] mu* fruitless se>*1 *anc$ ^u ,mi*elangelo 9 8 /udio1 & 0 s /ruck ) ! ma/]ful mann] 9 :i* ! "y sculptor made a p5-draw+ ( a h& 9 8 pres5ce1 t he began to cross-exam9e him discreetly ab\t 8 o!r works1 & gradually le>n$ all ! /ory ( ! ,cupid4 ,mi*elangelo1 :o long$ to see ,rome1 :i* 8 visitor extoll$ z ! wide/ field = an arti/ to /udy & to %[ 8 g5ius 91 readily cons5t$ to leave ,flor5ce4 ,9 fact x appe>s t he 0 n v popul> among 8 fell[-citiz5s ow+ to 8 =m] intimacy ) ! exil$ ,m$ici1 & s1 t[>ds ! end ( ,june1 #adif1 he set foot 9 ,rome = ! fir/ "t4 ,z to ! ,sleep+ ,cupid1 no?+ is kn[n ab\t its fate beyond ! fact t x fell into ! h&s ( ,ces>e ,borgia at ! sack ( ,urb9o 9 #aeib1 & 0 by him pres5t$ to ! ,m>*ioness ( ,mantua1 :o 9 ackn[l$g+ ! gift describes x z )\t a pe] among ! works ( mod]n times4 ,mi*elangelo 0 greatly disappo9t$ 9 8 hopes ( obta9+ lucrative employm5t f ,c>d9al ,ri>io4 ,inde$1 ! only "w :i* he did dur+ ! fir/ few weeks ( 8 soj\rn consi/$ 9 a c>toon = a ,sa9t ,francis receiv+ ! ,/igmata1 to be pa9t$ by ! ,c>d9al's b>b]6 ,=tunately = ! "y arti/ a weal?y ,roman g5tleman1 ,mess] ,jacopo ,galli1 came to 8 rescue1 commission+ a ,bac*us1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,flor5ce1 & a ,cupid1 believ$ by "s to be ! /atue n[ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,( all ,mi*elangelo's works1 ?is ,bac*us is c]ta9ly ! mo/ reali/ic & lea/ dignifi$1 repres5t+ z x does a y\? 9 ! fir/ /age ( intoxication1 hold+ a cup 9 8 "r h& & 9 8 left a bun* ( grapes1 f :i* a mis*iev\s little ,satyr is slily help+ himself4 ,! /atue 0 greatly admir$ 9 ,rome & 0 ! means ( br++ ,mi*elangelo to ! notice ( ! ,fr5* k+'s envoy 9 ,rome1 ,c>d9al ,de la ,groslaye de ,villi]s1 :o commission$ him to c>ve a m>ble gr\p ( ,our ,lady hold+ ! dead ,*ri/ 9 h] arms1 = ! price ( f\r hundr$ & fifty gold5 ducats4 ,! contract1 dat$ ,augu/ #bf?1 #adih1 is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,ar*ivio ,buon>roti1 & concludes ) ^! words3 ,& ,i1 ,jacopo ,gallo1 promise to 8 ,mo/ ,rev]5d ,lord%ip t ! said ,mi*elangelo w furni% ! said "w )9 "o ye>1 & t x %all be ! mo/ beautiful "w 9 m>ble :i* ,rome to-day c %[1 & t no ma/] ( our days %all be able to produce a bett]4 ,we %all see1 :5 describ+ ?is magnific5t gr\p1 t ,jacopo's boa/ & promise 7 m ?an ju/ifi$4 ,:ile 9 ,rome1 ,mi*elangelo kept up an active correspond5ce ) ,mess] ,lodovico1 :o1 x appe>s1 f\nd himself 9 great f9ancial /raits at ?is "t4 ,be+ a mo/ dutiful & affectionate son1 ! "y sculptor s5t e available scudo ( 8 money to succ\r 8 fa!r & 8 ?ree y\ng] bro!rs1 namely ,buon>roto1 born 9 #adgg1 :om he plac$ 9 ! ,arte della ,seta2 ,giovan ,simone1 born 9 #adgi1 :o l$ a vagabond life & 0 a s\rce ( cont9ual tr\ble1 & ,sigismondo1 born 9 #adha1 :o became a soldi]4 ,! lett]s :i* ,mi*elangelo1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 arti/ic lab\rs1 f\nd "t to write home1 full ( t5d] solicitude & good advice & inv>iably conta9+ a remittance1 give u a t\*+ insight into ! beautiful & dis9t]e/$ "* :i* lay hidd5 und]nea? 8 /]n & decid$ly unattractive ext]ior4 ,he liv$ n only v economically1 b p5uri\sly1 9 ord] ! bett] to help 8 family1 & x appe>s t 8 heal? suff]$ n a little f ^! privations4 ,8 fa!r he>d ( x1 & wrote a lett]1 dat$ ,decemb] #ai?1 #aejj1 9 :i* ^! passages occur3 ,economy is good1 b above all d n be p5uri\s2 live mod]ately & d n /9t y\rself1 & avoid h>d%ips1 because 9 y\r art1 if y fall ill 7:i* ,god =bid71 y are a lo/ man4 ,above all ?+s1 nev] wa%2 h y\rself rubb$ d[n1 b nev] wa%6 ,:5 ,mi*elangelo return$ to ,flor5ce 9 ! spr+ ( #aeja1 ! fame ( ! great works :i* he _h accompli%$ 9 ,rome _h already prec$$ him1 & he 0 g5]ally admitt$ to be ! fir/ sculptor ( ! day4 ,commissions came p\r+ 9 ^u him1 includ+ "o f ,c>d9al ,francesco ,piccolom9i1 :o aft]w>ds became ,pope ,pius ,,iii41 = fifte5 /atues ( sa9ts to adorn ! ,piccolom9i ,*apel 9 ! ,duomo ( ,si5a4 ,b he completely neglect$ ?is "w 9 ord] to devote himself ) *>act]i/ic ard\r to a m cong5ial task1 t ( c>v+ a colossal /atue ( ,david out ( a huge block ( m>ble :i* _h be5 previ\sly spoil$ by an inf]ior arti/ & ab&on$ z useless 9 ! ,op]a del ,duomo4 ,surm\nt+ ! enorm\s te*nical difficulties :i* he _h to cont5d )1 ,mi*elangelo succe$$1 aft] ne>ly two ye>s ( h>d "w1 9 evolv+ f ! crippl$ block ( m>ble "o ( ! greate/ ma/]pieces ( mod]n art4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,may1 #aejd1 ,il ,gigante1 z x 0 call$ by ! ,flor5t9es1 left ,mi*elangelo's work%op & 0 dragg$ ) mu* difficulty to ! ,piazza della ,signoria1 :]e x /ood until ! ye> #ahgc1 :5 x 0 remov$ to ! hall ( ! ,accademia delle ,belle ,arti4 ,x has =tunately suff]$ v little f its exposure 9 ! mild ,flor5t9e air1 b ! left arm 0 %att]$ by a /one dur+ ! tumults ( #aebg4 ,! brok5 pieces 7 c>efully collect$1 h[ev]1 by ,vas>i & a "y sculptor1 ,cec*9o ,de' ,rossi1 :o re/or$ ! arm 9 #aedc4 ,ano!r giant ,david 9 bronze 0 commission$ to ,mi*elangelo 9 #aejb by ! ,republic1 :o wi%$ to make a pres5t ( x to a ,fr5* /atesman1 ,florimond ,rob]tet1 b al?\gh ?is "w is kn[n to h rema9$ = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s 9 ! *teau ( ,bury1 ne> ,blois1 x has s9ce disappe>$4 ,:ile wre/l+ ) ! difficulties ( 8 ,david1 ,mi*elangelo f\nd "t to accompli% _m o!r important works1 includ+ two m>ble tondi 9 bas-relief1 ! fir/ ( :i* is n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,flor5ce & ! o!r 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 ,london4 ,bo? repres5t ! ,madonna & ,*ild ) ! ,infant ,/4 ,john1 & al?\gh lack+ 9 f9i% !y des]ve to rank among ! f9e/ ( ,mi*elangelo's works4 ,! composition is beautiful & simple1 ! modell+ bold & ! expression ( ! ,madonna s+ul>ly noble & /rik+4 ,9 ,april1 #aejc1 ,mi*elangelo 0 commission$ by ! ,op]ai ( ! ,duomo to c>ve out ( ,c>r>a m>ble twelve colossal /atues ( ! ,apo/les1 "o to be f9i%$ ea* ye>1 & a work%op 0 specially built = ! sculptor 9 ! ,borgo ,p9ti1 b ! contract c\ld n be c>ri$ out1 ! unf9i%$ ,/4 ,mat!w1 n[ 9 ! c\rty>d ( ! ,accademia1 9 ,flor5ce1 be+ ! only "w :i* result$ f ?is commission3 ,& 9 ord] n altoge!r to give up pa9t+1 says ,condivi1 he execut$ a r\nd panel ( ,our ,lady = ,mess] ,agnolo ,doni1 a ,flor5t9e citiz51 = :i* he receiv$ sev5ty ducats4 ,?is tondo1 repres5t+ ,! ,holy ,family1 ) nude figures 9 ! backgr\nd1 is n[ 9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y1 & ap>t f its orig9ality & arti/ic m]it1 x is especially int]e/+ z be+ ! only easel picture :i* may be attribut$ ) absolute c]ta9ty to ,mi*elangelo4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aejd1 ,mi*elangelo 0 commission$ by 8 fri5d & protector1 ,pi]o ,sod]9i1 ,gonfaloni]e ( ! ,republic1 to decorate a wall 9 ! ,sala del ,gran ,consiglio 9 ! ,palazzo ,vec*io1 a mo/ flatt]+ complim5t to ! "y arti/1 z ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 !n at ! height ( 8 fame1 0 already engag$ 9 prep>+ c>toons = ! opposite wall4 ,leon>do's designs repres5t$ ! fam\s ,fight = ! ,/&>d1 an episode ( ! battle ( ,anghi>i1 f\ght 9 #addj1 :5 ! ,flor5t9es defeat$ ,niccol ,picc99o4 ,mi*elangelo select$ = 8 subject an episode 9 ! w> ) ,pisa1 :i* gave him an opportunity to display 8 wond]ful draughtsman%ip & 8 pr(\nd k ( ! human frame4 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 :o copi$ ! c>toon 9 #aeac1 j be=e its my/]i\s disappe>ance1 describes x z foll[s3 ,mi*elangelo portray$ a numb] ( foot soldi]s :o1 ! season be+ summ]1 _h gone to ba! 9 ! ,arno4 ,he drew !m at ! mom5t ! al>m is s\nd$1 & ! m51 all nak$1 ru% to arms4 ,s spl5did is _! action t no?+ survives ( anci5t or ( mod]n art :i* t\*es ! same l(ty po9t ( excell5ce2 &1 z ,i h already said1 ! design ( ! great ,leon>do 0 itself mo/ admirably beautiful4 ,^! two c>toons /ood1 "o 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,m$ici1 ! o!r 9 ! hall ( ! ,pope4 ,s long z !y rema9$ intact !y 7 ! s*ool ( ! _w4 ,?\gh ! div9e ,mi*elangelo 9 lat] life f9i%$ t great *apel ( ,pope ,julius1 he nev] rose halfway to ! same pit* ( p[]2 8 g5ius nev] aft]w>ds atta9$ to ! =ce ( ^? fir/ /udies4 ,leon>do1 aft] hav+ begun pa9t+ a gr\p ( horsem5 on ! wall1 ab&on$ ! task ) *>act]i/ic fickl5ess1 & ,mi*elangelo hav+ be5 summon$ to ,rome 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aeje by ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 left 8 "w unf9i%$4 ,x is said t a wor?less rival nam$ ,baccio ,b&9elli1 envi\s ( ,mi*elangelo's greatness1 de/roy$ ! fam\s c>toon ( ,pisa4 ,a sket* ( ! :ole composition may be se5 9 ! ,alb]t9a ,gall]y at ,vi5na1 b p]haps ! mo/ complete copy ( ! c>toon is ! mono*rome pa9t+ belong+ to ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 at ,holkham ,hall4 ,,! ,,trag$y ,,( ,,! ,,tomb ,mi*elangelo little suspect$ :5 he left ,flor5ce t he 0 bidd+ adieu = ev] to 8 happ9ess & peace ( m9d4 ,hi!rto he _h _h to deal ) g5]\s tyrants1 su* z ! ,m$ici1 ) rivals ^: envy 0 %orn ( dang]s by _! c[>dice1 & ) a protector su* z ,pi]o ,sod]9i1 :om ,ma*iavelli taunt$ ) be+ a weakl+ only fit = ! ,limbo ( ,infants4 ,x 0 n until he came to ,rome t he 0 br\ght face to face ) a man bless$ or curs$ ) indomitable en]gy1 b\ndless ambition & a morbid re/lessness :i* 0 probably ! resultant ( ^! two =ces4 ,bo? ,julius ,,ii4 & ,mi*elangelo 7 :at _! contempor>ies call$ uom9i t]ribili1 pr\d1 passionate1 giv5 to sudd5 bur/s ( fury1 yet g5]\s )al & truly great4 ,= two su* m5 to live toge!r 9 un9t]rupt$ peace & goodwill w\ld h be5 a %e] impossibility4 ,aft] "s mon?s ( hesitation1 ,julius ,,ii4 f9ally decid$ ^u ! be/ way ( employ+ ,mi*elangelo's tal5ts4 ,he resolv$ to h a magnific5t monum5t erect$ dur+ 8 lifetime1 & confid$ ! task to ! "y sculptor4 ,9 an incr$ibly %ort "t ,mi*elangelo prep>$ 8 great design1 :i* pleas$ ! ,pope s mu* t he at once s5t him to ,c>r>a to qu>ry ! necess>y m>ble4 ,dur+ ! eight mon?s :i* he sp5t at ,c>r>a1 ,mi*elangelo block$ out two ( ! figures = ! tomb1 s anxi\s 0 he to beg9 8 colossal "w4 ,9 ,novemb] ,mi*elangelo return$ to ,rome1 :]e a h\se & spaci\s work%op 7 z sign$ to him ne> ! ,vatican1 & 9 ,janu>y1 #aejf1 mo/ ( ! m>ble1 :i* _h come by wat]1 0 spread all ov] ! ,piazza ( ,/4 ,pet]'s3 ,?is imm5se quantity ( m>ble1 says ,condivi1 0 ! admiration ( all & a joy to ! ,pope1 :o heap$ immeasurable fav\rs ^u ,mi*elangelo1 & 0 s int]e/$ 9 8 "w t he ord]$ a drawbridge to be ?r[n across f ! ,corridore to ! rooms ( ,mi*elangelo1 by :i* he might visit him 9 private4 ,mi*elangelo's orig9al project ( ! tomb subsequ5tly und]w5t s _m modifications & r$uctions1 t ,condivi's acc\nt ( :at ! monum5t %\ld h be5 is deeply int]e/+3 ,! tomb 0 to h _h f\r faces1 two ( eighte5 braccia1 t s]v$ = ! flanks1 s t x 0 to be a squ>e & a half 9 plan4 ,all r\nd ab\t ! outside 7 ni*es = /atues1 & betwe5 ni*e & ni*e t]m9al figures2 to ^! 7 b\nd o!r /atues1 l prison]s1 ^u c]ta9 squ>e pl9?s1 ris+ f ! gr\nd & project+ f ! monum5t4 ,!y repres5t$ ! lib]al arts1 ea* ) h] symbol1 d5ot+ t1 l ,pope ,julius1 all ! virtues 7 ! prison]s ( ,dea?1 because !y w\ld nev] f9d su* fav\r & enc\ragem5t z he gave !m4 ,above ^! ran ! cornice t ti$ all ! "w toge!r4 ,on its plane 7 f\r great /atues2 "o ( ^!1 ! ,moses1 may be se5 9 ,san ,pietro ad ,v9cula4 ,s ! "w m\nt$ upw>d until x end$ 9 a plane4 ,^u x 7 two angels :o support$ an arc2 "o appe>$ to be smil+ z ?\gh he rejoic$ t ! s\l ( ! ,pope _h be5 receiv$ among/ ! bless$ spirits1 ! o!r wept1 z if sad t ! _w _h be5 depriv$ ( su* a man4 ,above "o end 0 ! entrance to ! sepul*re 9 a small *amb]1 built l a temple2 9 ! middle 0 a m>ble s>cophagus1 :]e ! body ( ! ,pope 0 to be buri$2 ev]y?+ work$ out ) m>vell\s art4 ,briefly1 m ?an =ty /atues w5t to ! :ole "w1 n c\nt+ ! subjects 9 mezzo rilievo to be ca/ 9 bronze1 all appropriate 9 _! /ories & proclaim+ ! acts ( ?is great ,pontiff4 ,z ! monum5t w\ld h cov]$ an area ( ab\t #cd feet by #bc feet1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 al?\gh re/or$ by ,ni*olas ,v41 0 f\nd to be too small to conta9 x1 & ,julius ,,ii4 decid$ to rebuild ! :ole *ur* on a m magnific5t scale1 aft] designs prep>$ by ,bramante4 ,! eag] en?usiasm ) :i* ,mi*elangelo attack$ 8 colossal task 0 n de/9$ to la/ long4 ,"o day a quantity ( m>ble arriv$ f ,c>r>a1 & ,mi*elangelo1 desir+ at once to pay ! freight & port]age1 w5t to ask ! ,pope = money1 b f\nd 8 ,hol9ess occupi$4 ,he paid ! m5 out ( 8 own pocket1 b :5 he return$ on sev]al succe$+ days he f\nd access to ! ,vatican m difficult ?an usual1 & f9ally le>n$ t ! ,pope _h giv5 ord]s t he %\ld n be admitt$4 ,julius ,,ii41 always entangl$ 9 w>like adv5tures1 0 evid5tly %ort ( money & c\ld n or w\ld n pay ,mi*elangelo at ! "t4 ,! pr\d & %ort-temp]$ sculptor flew into a passion1 & exclaim+ t h5ce=w>d ! ,pope mu/ look = him else:]e if he want$ him1 took horse at once & return$ to ,flor5ce1 va9ly pursu$ by five mess5g]s f ! ,pope4 ,x 0 ?us t ! gigantic "w on :i* he _h set 8 he>t 0 int]rupt$ = ! fir/ "t1 & ! curta9 rose on ! fir/ act ( t trag$y ( ! tomb1 z ,condivi appropriately calls x1 by :i* ! re/ ( ,mi*elangelo's life 0 d>k5$4 ,he _h no soon] arriv$ 9 ,flor5ce ?an he receiv$ an imp]ative ord] f ! ,pope to return imm$iately to ,rome "u pa9 ( 8 displeasure1 b ,mi*elangelo's blood 0 up1 & he disreg>d$ alike ! ?reats ( ! ,pope & ! exhortations ( ,pi]o ,sod]9i1 :o 0 greatly emb>rass$1 hav+ receiv$ ?ree (ficial ,briefs f ,julius ,,ii41 dem&+ t ! arti/ %\ld be s5t back ei!r by fair means or by =ce4 ,fe>+ actual viol5ce1 ,mi*elangelo _h made up 8 m9d to g to ,con/ant9ople1 b ! ,gonfaloni]e dissuad$ him1 say+ t x 0 bett] to die ) ! ,pope ?an to live ) ! ,turk4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,julius ,,ii41 aft] subdu+ ,p]ugia1 _h ent]$ ,bologna 9 triumph on ,novemb] #aa?1 #aejf1 & he _h n be5 _m days 9 ! t[n be=e he despat*$ ano!r urg5t message to ! ,signoria ask+ = ,mi*elangelo to be s5t to him4 ,! arti/ f9ally gave 91 & proce$$ to ,bologna1 arm$ ) a mo/ flatt]+ lett] f ! ,signoria1 b feel+ l a man ) a halt] r\nd 8 neck4 ,8 misgiv+s1 h[ev]1 7 unf\nd$1 = ,julius ,,ii41 :o 0 only too glad to h won 8 arti/ back1 welcom$ ,mi*elangelo mo/ cordially & commission$ him to make a great portrait /atue ( him 9 bronze1 to be plac$ 9 front ( ! *ur* ( ,san ,petronio4 ,& ?us 7 ^! two m51 :o _h s _m po9ts 9 common t !y reg>d$ ea* o!r ) mutual fe>1 l giants consci\s ( _! /r5g?1 reconcil$ = ! "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,man4 ,! ,pope return$ to ,rome 9 v good spirits1 leav+ ,mi*elangelo 9 ,bologna to f9i% ! colossal /atue1 :i* 0 only complet$ on ,febru>y #ba/1 #aejh1 aft] mu* h>d "w & _m disappo9tm5ts1 *iefly caus$ by ! ignorance ( ! bronze-f\nd]1 :o ca/ x faultily4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t ?is "w1 :i* co/ ,mi*elangelo ov] a ye> ( unremitt+ lab\r1 %\ld h be5 de/roy$ 9 #aeaa1 :5 ! ,b5tivogli return$ to ,bologna & drove out ! ,papal ,legate4 ,a huge cannon1 ironically call$ ,la ,giulia1 0 ca/ out ( ! brok5 fragm5ts4 ,mi*elangelo1 hav+ complet$ 8 task1 hurri$ back to ,flor5ce1 & ?ree days aft] 8 arrival ,mess] ,lodovico emancipat$ 8 son f p>5tal control1 z we le>n f a docum5t dat$ ,m>* #ac?1 #aejh4 ,x appe>s t ,mi*elangelo int5d$ to settle d[n = sev]al ye>s 9 8 native city 9 ord] to decorate ! ,sala del ,consiglio1 = :i* he 0 to receive ?ree ?\s& ducats1 & to c>ry out o!r important commissions1 includ+ t ( twelve /atues ( ! ,apo/les = ,santa ,m>ia del ,fiore1 b 8 ,m$usa1 z he call$ ,julius ,,ii41 w\ld n suff] him to rema9 9 peace1 & summon$ him to ,rome4 ,,! ,,si/9e ,,*apel ,! arti/ obey$1 hop+ t ! ,pope w\ld all[ him to g on ) ! tomb1 b1 dur+ 8 abs5ce1 ,mi*elangelo's rivals _h p]suad$ ,julius ,,ii4 t x 0 unlucky to h a monum5t erect$ dur+ 8 lifetime1 & t x w\ld be mu* bett] to set ,mi*elangelo to "w on ! vault ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,?is !y did malici\sly1 because !y nev] suspect$ t ,mi*elangelo 0 z great a pa9t] z he 0 a sculptor1 & hop$ t he w\ld prove himself inf]ior to ! task1 & ?us lose ! ,pontiff's fav\r4 ,all ! disagreem5ts :i* ,i h _h ) ,pope ,julius1 wrote ,mi*elangelo to ,m>co ,vig]io1 h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! envy ( ,bramante & ( ,raphael ( ,urb9o1 :o 7 ! cause t 8 monum5t 0 n f9i%$ dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,bitt]1 unscrupul\s rivalry 0 ! lep]-spot t m>k$ ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 especially at ! ,papal ,c\rt4 ,mi*elangelo w\ld gladly h decl9$ ! commission1 = :i* he consid]$ himself unfit1 b1 see+ ! ,pope's ob/9acy1 he reluctantly set to "w on ,may #aj?1 #aejh4 ,! difficulties :i* he _h to surm\nt 7 enorm\s1 b he 0 n a man to be fright5$ by ob/acles1 h[ev] =midable4 ,kn[+ little or no?+ ( ! te*nicalities ( fresco pa9t+1 ,mi*elangelo at fir/ call$ six ,flor5t9e pa9t]s to 8 aid1 includ+ 8 old fri5ds ,francesco ,granacci & ,giuliano ,bugi>d9i4 ,b he 0 too exact+1 & aim$ at an ideal ( p]fection :i* 8 assi/ants c\ld nev] atta91 s t 9 ,janu>y1 #aeji1 he s5t !m all away1 & de/roy+ ! "w done by !m1 %ut himself alone 9 ! *apel to wre/le s+le-h&$ ) 8 gigantic task4 ,! result fully ju/ifi$ 8 confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s4 ,to attempt an adequate description ( ! vault ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel 9 ?is little book w\ld be a hopeless task4 ,! /up5d\s frescoes :i* adorn x1 al?\gh describ$ 9 hundr$s ( volumes1 /ill af=d mat]ial = mu* orig9al /udy & rese>*1 b we mu/ "h cont5t ourselves ) a m]e enum]ation ( ! pr9cipal motives :i* g to make up ?is gr& pictorial symphony4 ,mi*elangelo *ose = 8 subject ! ,/ory ( ! ,creation1 ! ,fall ( ,man1 ! ,flood1 & ! ,second ,entry ( ,s9 into ! ,_w1 illu/rat$ by a s]ies ( n9e compositions on ! c5tral space ( ! ceil+4 ,tw5ty magnific5t nude figures1 repres5t+ ,a?letes1 decorate ! corn]s ( ^! c5tral compositions1 & support bronze m$allions held 9 place by oak g>l&s & drap]ies4 ,! %ape ( ! ceil+ is :at is commonly call$ a b>rel vault+ re/+ on lunettes1 six to ! l5g? & two to ! wid? ( ! build+4 ,! second "p ( ! decoration demon/rates ! ne$ = a s*eme ( ,salvation1 promis$ by ! ,prophets & ,sibyls1 ^: maje/ic figures are pa9t$ alt]nately 9 ! triangul> spaces betwe5 ! lunettes1 9 ! l[] "p ( :i* is a s]ies ( wond]ful gr\ps repres5t+ ! ance/ors ( ,*ri/4 ,mi*elangelo1 al?\gh engag$ on a great pictorial "w1 nev] consid]$ himself z any?+ b a sculptor1 & foll[$ 9 pa9t+ ! same sy/ems t he w\ld h adopt$ 9 8 own art4 ,sir ,*>les ,holroyd1 9 8 rec5t mo/ valuable contribution to ,mi*elangelesque lit]ature1 v ju/ly rem>ks3 ,:5 ,pope ,julius prev5t$ ,mi*elangelo f go+ on ) 8 belov$ project ( ! tomb & made him pa9t ! vault1 ! ma/] set to "w to produce a simil> conception to ! tomb 9 a pa9t$ =m4 ,! vault became a great temple ( pa9t$ m>ble & pa9t$ sculptures rais$ 9 mid air above ! walls ( ! *apel4 ,! cornices & pila/]s are ( simple ,r5aissance ar*itecture1 ! only ornam5ts he all[$ himself to use be+ simil> to ^? he w\ld h us$ z a sculptor4 ,acorns1 ! family device ( ! della ,rov]e1 rams' skulls1 & scallop %ells1 & ! "o !me ( decoration t ,mi*elangelo always delight$ 9--! human figure4 ,! ,prophets & ,sibyls took ! positions occupi$ by ! pr9cipal figures design$ = ! tomb1 l ! great /atue ( ,moses4 ,! ,a?letes at ! corn] ( ! ribs ( ! ro( 7 9 place ( ! b\nd captives1 two ( :i* are n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 & ! n9e hi/ories ( ! ,creation & ! ,flood fill ! panels l ! bronze reliefs ( ! tomb4 ,mi*elangelo mu/ h toil$ ) almo/ sup]human en]gy at 8 great "w4 ,9 a lett] to 8 fav\rite bro!r1 ,buon>roto1 dat$ ,octob] #ag?1 #aeji1 he writes3 ,i live "h 9 great di/ress & ) ! greate/ fatigue ( body1 & h n a fri5d ( any sort1 & d n want "o1 & h n ev5 en\gh "t to eat necess>y food4 ,?is is n surpris+ :5 we rememb] t z e>ly z ! #a/ ( ,novemb]1 #aeji1 ! fir/ & mo/ important "p ( ?is colossal "w1 :i* comprises ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-f\r figures1 ! majority t5 feet high1 0 expos$ to view1 & greatly admir$ by ! ,pope1 :o1 be+ vehem5t by nature & impati5t ( delay1 insi/$ ^u hav+ x uncov]$1 al?\gh x 0 /ill incomplete4 ,su* 0 ! impati5ce ( ,julius ,,ii4 t on "o occasion he ?reat5$ to h ,mi*elangelo ?r[n d[n (f ! scaffold+ if he did n ha/5 ! completion ( ! "w1 & ev5 w5t s f> z to /rike ! arti/ ) a /ick4 ,?us urg$1 ,mi*elangelo uncov]$ 8 "w on ! #a/ ( ,novemb]1 #aeab1 al?\gh he us$ to say 9 aft] ye>s t he _h be5 prev5t$ by ! hurry ( ! ,pope f f9i%+ x z he w\ld h wi%$4 ,mi*elangelo's fame & ! expectation !y _h ( him1 says ,condivi1 drew ! :ole ( ,rome to ! *apel1 :i!r ! ,pope also ru%$1 ev5 be=e ! du/ rais$ by ! tak+ d[n ! scaffold+ _h settl$4 ,,second ,,flor5t9e ,,p]iod ,julius ,,ii4 di$ on ,febru>y #ba/1 #aeac1 f\r mon?s aft] ! completion ( ! great "w ) :i* 8 "n w rema9 z indelibly associat$ z t ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea? he _h ord]$ t ! tomb :i* ,mi*elangelo _h begun %\ld be f9i%$1 & _h in/ruct$ 8 nephew1 ,c>d9al ,ag95se1 & ,c>d9al ,santi ,quattro1 to see t ev]y?+ %\ld be c>ri$ out accord+ to ! orig9al designs4 ,b 8 executors1 f9d+ ! project f> too gr& & exp5sive1 _h x alt]$1 s t ,mi*elangelo began all ov] aga94 ,he set to "w ) great en]gy & goodwill1 det]m9$ to f9i% ! monum5t n[ t its completion appe>$ to him almo/ z a sacr$ debt to ! memory ( 8 dead patron4 ,b ! /range fatality t presid$ ov] ! trag$y ( ! tomb aga9 int]f]$4 ,c>d9al ,giovanni de' ,m$ici1 :o _h be5 ,mi*elangelo's fri5d & fell[-pupil at ! ,m$icean ,c\rt1 succe$$ ,julius ,,ii4 on ! pontifical ?rone & assum$ ! "n ( ,leo ,x4 ,no soon] 7 ! magnific5t fe/ivities ov] ) :i* he celebrat$ 8 accession1 ?an he s5t = ,mi*elangelo & ord]$ him to proce$ to ,flor5ce to ornam5t ! faade ( ,san ,lor5zo ) sculpture & m>ble "w4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ,mi*elangelo prote/$1 say+ t he 0 b\nd by contract to f9i% ! tomb be=e und]tak+ any o!r commission1 = ,leo ,x4 0 z self-will$ & imp]i\s z 8 pr$ecessor1 & 9 ?is fa%ion1 says ,condivi1 ,mi*elangelo left ! tomb & betook himself weep+ to ,flor5ce4 ,x is n surpris+ t ! arti/ %\ld h wept te>s ( bitt] disappo9tm5t1 = we le>n f a lett] to 8 bro!r ,buon>roto1 dat$ ,june #ae?1 #aeae1 t at ?is "t n only _h he complet$ ! ,moses & ! ,captives 9 m>ble1 b ! panels 9 relief 7 ready = ca/+4 ,_h he be5 left 9 peace1 ,mi*elangelo w\ld c]ta9ly h f9i%$ ! monum5t to ,pope ,julius 9 its modifi$ =m 9 half ! "t :i* he wa/$ qu>ry+ m>ble f ,c>r>a & ,pietrasanta = ! faade ( ,san ,lor5zo4 ,= ov] two ye>s ,mi*elangelo 0 engag$ 9 ! t$i\s "w ( roadmak+ & qu>ry+4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aeah1 he wrote3 ,i mu/ be v pati5t until ! m\nta9s are tam$ & ! m5 are ma/]$4 ,!n we %all get on m quickly4 ,b :at ,i h promis$1 t w ,i d by "s means1 & ,i w make ! mo/ beautiful ?+ t has ev] be5 done 9 ,italy if ,god helps me4 ,he _h evid5tly w>m$ to 8 "w1 & x is melan*oly to ?9k t ,fate aga9 int]pos$ to prev5t its completion4 ,giuliano de' ,m$ici1 ! ,pope's only bro!r1 & ,lor5zo1 8 nephew1 hav+ di$ at ?is "t1 ,leo ,x4 ord]$ ,mi*elangelo to int]rupt ! faade ( ,san ,lor5zo & to build a new sacri/y 9 :i* he propos$ to erect a monum5t to _! memory4 ,! docum5t exon]at+ ,mi*elangelo f all duties & obligations 9 connection ) ! faade is dat$ ,m>* #aj?1 #aebj4 ,mi*elangelo only n[ f\nd "t to c>ry out a commission :i* he _h receiv$ sev5 ye>s previ\sly f a ,roman g5tleman1 ,metello ,v>i1 namely a nude /atue ( ,*ri/ be>+ ! cross4 ,x 0 f9i%$ 9 ! summ] ( #aeba & s5t to ,rome1 ! extremities be+ left 9 r\gh to prev5t _! be+ brok5 dur+ ! j\rney4 ,pietro ,urb9o accompani$ ! /atue to ,rome1 ) ord]s to complete x1 & v ne>ly spoil$ x by 8 c>eless & inf]ior workman%ip4 ,! ,ris5 ,*ri/1 n[ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,m9]va1 is "o ( ! mo/ noble & maje/ic ( religi\s /atues 9 exi/5ce2 ! torso & arms are p>ticul>ly f9e1 b ! h&s & feet1 :i* 7 spoil$ by ,urb9o1 are /umpy & defective4 ,leo ,x4's pontificate1 :i*1 al?\gh %ort1 0 "o ( ! mo/ glori\s & ev5tful 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 came to an abrupt conclusion on ,decemb] #a/1 #aeba4 ,by a /range irony ( fate1 ! magnific5t patron ( art & lett]s 0 succe$$ by a pi\s & simple-m9d$ ,dut* prelate1 :o reg>d$ /atues z pagan idols1 & said t ! ,si/9e ,*apel 0 no?+ b a room full ( nak$ p4 ,!re is little d\bt t he secretly long$ to h x :itewa%$4 ,=tunately = art & arti/s1 8 pontificate 0 ( brief duration1 & 9 #aebc ,c>d9al ,giulio de' ,m$ici 0 elect$ 9 8 /ead1 "u ! "n ( ,clem5t ,,vii4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ,mi*elangelo f9i%$ ! new sacri/y ( ,san ,lor5zo1 & imm$iately set to "w on ! ,m$icean tombs4 ,b he 0 con/antly worri$ & int]rupt$ by new commissions f ! ,pope1 :o want$ him1 among o!r ?+s1 to build a libr>y 9 :i* to place ! fam\s collection ( books & manuscripts begun by ,cosimo de' ,m$ici3 ,i _c "w at "o ?+ ) my h&s & at ano!r ) my bra96 exclaim$ ! arti/ 9 despair4 ,nev]!less he und]took to build ! libr>y1 & c>ri$ on bo? works at ! same "t1 con/antly urg$ on by ,pope ,clem5t1 :o wrote to him 9 an autograph lett]3 ,?\ kn[e/ t ,popes h no long lives1 & we _c ye>n m ?an we d to behold ! *apel ) ! tombs ( our k9sm51 & s also ! libr>y4 ,^! 7 tr\bl\s times = ,italy4 ,aft] ! disa/r\s battle ( ,pavia1 9 :i* he _h lo/ ev]y?+ except hon\r1 ,francis ,i4 conclud$ ) ! ,s=za ( ,milan1 ) ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce1 & ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 a league aga9/ ,*>les ,v41 :i* prov$ fatal to all :o took "p 9 x4 ,9 #aebg1 a rabble ( ,g]man & ,spani% soldi]s ( =tune1 l$ by ! r5egade ,conntable de ,b\rbon1 took & pillag$ ,rome1 & ! ,pope himself 0 besieg$ 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,sa9t ,angelo = n9e mon?s4 ,! ,flor5t9es avail$ !mselves ( ?is opportunity to %ake (f ! despotic yoke ( ! ,m$ici1 b two ye>s lat]1 ,*>les ,v4 conclud$ ! peace ( ,b>celona ) ,clem5t ,,vii41 "o ( ! conditions be+ t he %\ld re-e/abli% ! ,m$icean rule 9 ,flor5ce4 ,b ! citiz5s w\ld n give up _! newly-acquir$ lib]ty )\t a /ruggle1 & prep>$ = a desp]ate resi/ance4 ,mi*elangelo 0 appo9t$ ,commiss>y-,g5]al ( def5ce1 & %[$ himself wor?y ( ! confid5ce plac$ 9 him by 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,x 0 9 a great measure due to ! skill ) :i* he =tifi$ ! t[n1 & m especially ! hill ( ,san ,m9iato1 t ,flor5ce 0 enabl$ to )/& ! attacks ( ! ,imp]ial troops = twelve mon?s4 ,b ! trea*]y ( ,malate/a ,baglioni1 :o comm&$ ! troops ( ! ,republic1 p>alyz$ ! ef=ts ( ,mi*elangelo & ( its o!r brave def5d]s1 & 9 ,augu/1 #aecj1 ! city fell4 ,aless&ro de' ,m$ici return$ 9 triumph to ,flor5ce1 & w\ld c]ta9ly h behead$ ,mi*elangelo1 :o only sav$ himself by hid+ 9 ! bell-t[] ( ,san ,nicol beyond ! ,arno1 until ! fir/ fury ( 8 enemies 0 ov]4 ,9 spite ( 8 important milit>y duties1 ,mi*elangelo cont9u$ work+ at ! ,m$icean tombs dur+ ! siege1 & also pa9t$ a panel picture1 repres5t+ ,l$a & ! ,swan1 orig9ally int5d$ = ! ,duke ( ,f]r>a1 b :i* he aft]w>ds gave to 8 pupil ,antonio ,m9i1 toge!r ) _m c>toons & draw+s1 t he might d[] two si/]s ) ! proce$s4 ,x 0 sold to ! ,k+ ( ,france & hung at ,fonta9ebleau until ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 "o ( ^: m9i/]s ord]$ x to be de/roy$ z an improp] picture4 ,accord+ to ano!r v]sion1 h[ev]1 x 0 only hidd51 & aft]w>ds br\ght to ,engl&4 ,! ,l$a & ! ,swan n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y is reg>d$ by "s z ! damag$ & mu* re/or$ orig9al ( ,mi*elangelo's fam\s picture4 ,clem5t ,,vii4's ang] soon abat$1 & ,mi*elangelo 0 able to return to 8 "w1 ?anks *iefly to ! k9d (fices ( ,baccio ,valori1 ! ,papal envoy 9 ,flor5ce1 to :om ! sculptor pres5t$1 out ( gratitude1 ! f9e /atue ( ,apollo1 n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,flor5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb ,,( ,,lor5zo ,,de' ,,m$ici4 ,! ,m$icean tombs progress$ b sl[ly1 = all ?is "t ,mi*elangelo 0 worri$ almo/ to dea? by ! ,duke ( ,urb9o1 a nephew ( ,julius ,,ii41 :o insi/$ ^u 8 f9i%+ ! fam\s tomb1 :ile ,clem5t ,,vii41 on ! o!r h&1 ?reat5$ ! arti/ ) excommunication if he neglect$ 8 "w 9 ! new sacri/y = any?+ else4 ,probably ! fir/ /atue to be f9i%$ 0 ! beautiful ,madonna suckl+ ! ,*ild ,jesus1 repres5t$ z a /rong boy /raddl+ across h] knee4 ,x is "o ( ,mi*elangelo's noble/ works1 possess+ all ! maje/ic simplicity ( 8 e>li] ,madonnas enhanc$ by great] p[]4 ,to give an adequate description ( ! tombs ( ,giuliano & ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici w\ld be impossible )9 ! n>r[ limits ( ?is little book4 ,suffice x to say t ! pr9ces are repres5t$ 9 ! g>b ( anci5t w>riors1 ea* seat$ 9 a ni*e above a s>cophagus1 on :i* two allegorical figures recl9e4 ,lor5zo appe>s to be plung$ 9 sorr[ful m$itation2 at 8 feet recl9e ! colossal /atues ( ,ev5+1 repres5t$ by a p[]ful male figure1 app>5tly on ! po9t ( fall+ asleep1 & ,dawn1 symboliz$ by a beautiful "y woman 9 ! act ( awak+1 n to joy & hope1 b to ano!r day ( sorr[4 ,! beauty ( ?is la/ figure _c be describ$2 x is su* z ! imag9ation ( ! anci5t ,greeks might h end[$ a goddess )4 ,! /atue ( ,dawn 0 f9i%$ 9 #aeca1 soon aft] ! fall ( ,flor5ce & ! return ( ! ,m$ici1 & !re is little d\bt t ,mi*elangelo int5d$ 8 m\rnful figures to express sorr[ at ! loss ( ,flor5t9e lib]ty1 r ?an at ! dea? ( ! two "y pr9ces4 ,! same idea is evid5t 9 ! tomb ( ,giuliano1 ) ! two figures ( ,night1 symboliz$ by a sleep+ woman ( s+ul> beauty & p[]1 & ,day1 a vigor\s be>d$ giant j ris+ to 8 "w & look+ ov] 8 %\ld] z if dazzl$ by ! gl>e ( ! ris+ sun4 ,al?\gh ! head ( ,day is unf9i%$1 x is a /rik+ example ( h[ ,mi*elangelo 0 able to give life & expression to 8 "w f ! fir/ /roke ( 8 *isel4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,judgm5t ,9 #aecd ,mi*elangelo left ,flor5ce = ! la/ "t4 ,8 pr\d & indep5d5t _s 0 unable to tol]ate ,aless&ro's petty tyranny4 ,! unf9i%$ bu/ ( ,brutus1 n[ 9 ! ,b>gello1 a vigor\s & /rik+ piece ( "w1 is ano!r pro( ( 8 int5se long+ = lib]ty4 ,on arriv+ 9 ,rome he f\nd t ,clem5t ,,vii4 _h di$ two days previ\sly1 & t ,paul ,,iii41 ,f>nese1 _h be5 elect$ ,pope4 ,mi*elangelo _h f9ally come to an und]/&+ ) ! executors ( ,julius ,,ii41 ! agreem5t be+ t he %\ld make a tomb ) "o faade only1 us+ ! m>bles already c>v$ = ! quadrangul> tomb & supply+ six /atues f 8 own h&1 ! re/ ( ! "w to be complet$ by o!r arti/s "u 8 sup]vision4 ,he !re=e hop$ to f9i% ! tomb :i* _h embitt]$ ?irty ye>s ( 8 life1 b once m he 0 doom$ to disappo9tm5t1 = ,paul ,,iii4 imm$iately appo9t$ him *ief ar*itect1 sculptor & pa9t] ( ! ,vatican1 ) a p5sion ( #a1bjj gold5 cr[ns1 & ord]$ him to c>ry out a commission :i* ,clem5t ,,vii4 _h giv5 him %ortly be=e 8 dea?4 ,x 0 no less a task ?an to pa9t ! end wall ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,pray]s & remon/rance 7 alike unavail+1 & ! doors ( ! ,si/9e clos$ once m ^u ! ma/]1 n to be op5$ aga9 until ! ,*ri/mas ( #aeda1 :5 8 ,la/ ,judgm5t 0 uncov]$ to ! admiration ( ,rome & ( ! :ole _w4 ,?irty ye>s e>li] ,mi*elangelo _h depict$ ! ,creation on ! vault ( ?is same *apel2 he n[ took = 8 subject ! f9al doom ( all ?+s creat$4 ,! colossal "w :i* co/ him eight ye>s' lab\r is a magnific5t b almo/ t]rify+ pictorial r5d]+ ( ! ,dies ,irae1 ! ,day ( ,wra?1 :5 ev5 ! j %all n feel secure4 ,awe & t]ror are equally app>5t among ! spirits ( ! bless$ cr[d+ r\nd ! dread ,judge1 & on ! despair+ c\nt5ances ( ! condemn$ s\ls dragg$ d[n by hide\s demons t[>ds ! inf]nal riv]1 :]e ,*>on 9 8 boat beckons to !m ) eyes ( fire & beats ! delay+ s\ls ) uplift$ o>4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! subject is ?or\ghly ,dantesque1 & v diff]5t f ! conv5tional treatm5t ( ! same !me by all prec$+ arti/s4 ,! composition1 h[ev]1 & inde$ sev]al individual gr\ps & figures1 rem9d u =cibly ( ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa4 ,al?\gh all true arti/s receiv$ ?is "w ) en?usiasm1 z ,vas>i says1 & came f e "p ( ,italy to /udy x1 ,mi*elangelo's enemies1 includ+ ,pietro ,aret9o1 ! mo/ immoral writ] ( 8 age1 criticis$ x z a highly improp] pa9t+1 because mo/ ( ! figures 7 nude4 ,s inc5s$ 0 ,mi*elangelo at ?is t he rev5g$ himself by pa9t+ "o ( 8 critics1 ,mess] ,biagio da ,ces5a1 z ,m9os surr\nd$ by a cr[d ( devils4 ,"s ye>s lat] ,paul ,,iv4 obta9$ ,mi*elangelo's cons5t to p>tly drape mo/ ( ! figures1 & ! "w 0 done ) comm5dable discretion by ,daniele da ,volt]ra1 :o !reby e>n$ ! nickname ( ,il ,braghettone1 or ! bree*es-mak]4 ,un=tunately ! smoke f ! alt> c&les & c5s]s1 & ! du/ ( c5turies h d>k5$ & almo/ completely de/roy$ ! orig9al col\r ( ?is fresco2 om9\s cracks h also appe>$ 9 sev]al places1 b x is to be hop$ t "t w sp>e "o ( ! greate/ ma/]pieces ( mod]n art = _m c5turies to come4 ,no soon] _h ,mi*elangelo f9i%$ ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ?an ,paul ,,iii4 set him to "w on ! side walls ( ! *apel :i* ,antonio da ,san ,gallo _h j complet$1 & :i* is n[ kn[n z ! ,cappella ,paol9a4 ,mi*elangelo 0 ne>ly sev5ty ye>s old at ?is "t1 & fresco pa9t+ ov] a l>ge surface is a fatigu+ task ev5 = a "y man1 b ! vet]an arti/ obey$1 & 9 #aedi he complet$ :at 0 to be 8 la/ pictorial "w1 ! two frescoes repres5t+ ! ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul & ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! composition ( ^! pictures is z ma/]ly z ev]1 & ! draw+1 especially 9 ! =e-%ort5$ figures1 faultless1 b = ! fir/ "t we are aw>e ( some?+ cold & unnatural1 v diff]5t f ! glori\s life & p[] ) :i* ! frescoes ( ! ,si/9e lit]ally gl[4 ,mi*elangelo 0 gett+ old1 & ev5 8 ,titanic frame c\ld n )/& ! insidi\s attacks ( "t4 ,he 0 sev5ty-five ye>s ( age :5 he c>ri$ ^! frescoes to completion1 & he himself confess$ to ,vas>i t he did s ) great ef=t & fatigue4 ,nev]!less he f\nd suffici5t "t & /r5g? to complete ! fam\s monum5t ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 dur+ ! int]vals ( 8 fresco pa9t+1 & 9 #aede ! trag$y ( ! tomb f9ally came to an end4 ,x mu/ h be5 ) feel+s ( m+l$ relief & bitt]ness t ,mi*elangelo survey$ ! mu* modifi$ tomb 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,pietro 9 ,v9coli4 ,! mighty design :i* _h fir$ 8 y\?ful ambition =ty ye>s previ\sly _h dw9dl$ d[n to a comp>atively unimpos+ monum5t1 b ev]ybody w agree ) ,condivi :5 he says t al?\gh bot*$ & pat*$ up1 x is ! mo/ wor?y monum5t to be f\nd 9 ,rome1 or p]haps 9 ! _w2 if = no?+ else1 at lea/ = ! ?ree /atues t are by ! h& ( ! ma/]4 ,( ! c5tral figure1 repres5t+ ,moses1 we %all h occasion to speak lat] on2 ! rema9+ /atues by ,mi*elangelo to :i* ,condivi alludes are two female figures ( r>e beauty1 repres5t+ ,active & ,contemplative ,life4 ,! re/ ( ! tomb 0 f9i%$ by ,raffaello da ,montelupo & by o!r assi/ants "u ! ma/]'s sup]vision4 ,hav+1 z be/ he c\ld1 fulfill$ 8 sacr$ pl$ge to ! memory ( ,julius ,,ii41 ,mi*elangelo appe>$ to consid] 8 arti/ic c>e] z practically at an end4 ,he 0 always incl9$ to sadness1 b a cl\d ( deep] melan*oly seem$ to settle ov] him1 & l ,titian1 ,t9toretto1 & o!r arti/s :o atta9$ to great old age1 he turn$ 8 ?\ghts almo/ exclusively to religi\s speculation4 ,9 "o ( 8 sonnets he beautifully expresses ! ye>n+ = peace & re/ :i* _h tak5 possession ( 8 /orm-toss$ s\l3 ,pa9t+ nor sculpture n[ c lull to re/ ,my s\l1 t turns to ,8 great love on high1 ,^: arms to clasp u on ! ,cross 7 spread4#b #b ,! ,sonnets ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds1 ,no4 lxv4 ,h5ce=w>d he reg>d$ 8 art z a devotional ex]cise m ?an any?+ else4 ,! unf9i%$ m>ble gr\p ( ! ,deposition1 n[ 9 ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce1 & :i* he int5d$ %\ld be plac$ ov] 8 tomb1 0 c>v$ by ! ma/] dur+ ^! ye>s ( s]5e prep>ation = 8 approa*+ end4 ,?r\gh\t 8 long & labori\s c>e]1 devot$ to ! ?reefold wor%ip ( ,god1 art & 8 c\ntry1 ,mi*elangelo _h con/antly refus$ to ?9k ( o!r ties1 rem>k+ t he _h esp\s$ ! affectionate fantasy :i* makes ( art an idol4 ,f "s ( 8 sonnets1 h[ev]1 x w\ld appe> t :ile at ! c\rt ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t he _h secretly *]i%$ a deep & hopeless passion = ! beautiful ,luigia de' ,m$ici1 :o di$ 9 #adid4 ,=ty ye>s 7 to elapse ere 9 8 he>t1 yet y\?ful at ! approa* ( age1 ano!r woman1 & %e ! fir/ ( h] era1 ,vittoria ,colonna1 occupi$ ! place left vacant by ,luigia de' ,m$ici4 ,! fri5d%ip betwe5 ^! two l(ty spirits1 bas$ ^u mutual admiration & e/eem1 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful romances 9 hi/ory1 & inspir$ ,mi*elangelo ) "s ( 8 f9e/ poems4 ,x 0 br\ght to a close 9 #aedg by ,vittoria ,colonna's dea?1 :i* left ,mi*elangelo daz$ z "o b]eft ( s5se4 ,no?+1 says ,condivi1 griev$ him s mu* 9 aft] ye>s z t :5 he w5t to see h] on h] dea?-b$ he did n kiss h] on ! br[ or face1 z he did kiss h] h&4 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s ,x w be rememb]$ t ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 _h ord]$ ,bramante to rebuild ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]'s on a m magnific5t scale1 9 ord] t 8 tomb %\ld d]ive additional gr&eur f its /ately surr\nd+s4 ,bramante 0 succe$$ by ,raphael1 ,p]uzzi & ,antonio da ,sangallo1 & :5 ! latt] di$ 9 ,octob]1 #aedf1 ,paul ,,iii4 conf]r$ ! po/ ( ar*itect-9-*ief ^u ,mi*elangelo4 ,b ! ag$ ma/] at fir/ refus$1 say+ t ar*itecture 0 n 8 art1 & x 0 only :5 ! ,pope issu$ a p]emptory motu proprio t he set to "w1 on condition t he %\ld receive no paym5t = 8 s]vices4 ,mi*elangelo return$ to ,bramante's orig9al design ( ! ,greek cross1 :i* _h und]gone consid]able alt]ations1 8 object be+ to erect a p]fectly symmetrical build+ 9 su* a mann] t its dom9ant feature1 bo? f )9 & )\t1 %\ld be ! cupola4 ,he began by demoli%+ mo/ ( ,sangallo's "w1 & sev]ely putt+ a /op to all jobb]y1 !reby creat+ a numb] ( enemies :o did all 9 _! p[] to h him remov$ f 8 po/4 ,b ,julius ,,iii41 :o succe$$ ,paul ,,iii4 9 #aedi1 _h implicit fai? 9 ,mi*elangelo1 & ! colossal "w proce$$ s rapidly1 9 spite ( intrigues & opposition1 t 9 #aeeg ! great cupola 0 comm5c$4 ,! ma/] 0 n[ unable1 ow+ to 8 extreme old age1 to p]sonally sup]9t5d ! build+1 s t he con/ruct$ a wood5 model1 /ill pres]v$ at ! ,vatican1 aft] :i* 8 assi/ants c>ri$ on ! "w4 ,f ! w9d[ ( 8 h\se ,mi*elangelo us$ to wat* = h\rs toge!r ! huge cupola sl[ly r\nd+ itself aga9/ ! sky1 & wond]$1 p]haps1 9 h[ _m ye>s aft] 8 dea? x w\ld be f9i%$4 ,! ev5+ ( ,mi*elangelo's long life 0 sadd5$ by ! loss ( ne>ly all :o 7 ne> & de> to him4 ,8 two rema9+ bro!rs 7= ,buon>roto _h di$ ( ! plague 9 #aebh7 pass$ away 9 ,flor5ce1 & ! only repres5tative ( ! family1 besides ! ag$ arti/1 0 8 nephew ,leon>do1 only son ( 8 fav\rite bro!r1 ,buon>roto4 ,al?\gh a confirm$ ba*elor himself1 ,mi*elangelo prevail$ ^u 8 nephew to m>ry1 & ,leon>do became ! head ( ! /ill exi/+ bran* ( ! ,buon>roti family4 ,ano!r t]rible loss to ,mi*elangelo 0 ! dea? ( 8 fai?ful s]vant ,francesco ,urb9o1 ( :om he wrote to ,vas>i3 ,:ile ,urb9o liv+ kept me alive1 9 dy+ he has taught me to die1 n unwill+ly1 b r ) a desire = dea?4 ,! bett] "p ( me has gone ) him1 & no?+ is left to me n[ b endless sorr[4 ,9 spite ( old age1 illness & afflictions1 ,mi*elangelo's la/ ye>s 7 p]haps ! busie/ ( a life ( un9t]rupt$ "w4 ,to ?is p]iod mu/ be attribut$ ! plan = ! improvem5ts ^u ! ,capitol2 ! design = ! *ur* ( ,san ,giovanni del ,fior5t9i2 ! draw+ = ! monum5t to ,giangiacomo de' ,m$ici :i* ,leone ,leoni erect$ 9 ! ,milan ,ca!dral2 ! plans = ! conv]sion ( ! ,ba?s ( ,diocletian into ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 & a numb] ( o!r draw+s & sket*es = palaces1 /atues1 monum5ts1 :i* o!r arti/s c>ri$ out4 ,he f\nd "t = all ^! ?+s :ile actively sup]9t5d+ ! con/ruction ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & yet 8 re/less _s 0 n satisfi$4 ,9 a beautiful sonnet1 beg9n+ ) ! words ,giunto gia' il corso della vita mia1 he lam5ts ! loss ( 8 =m] creative p[]1 & says t he has already felt ! pangs ( "o dea?1 :ile ano!r is fa/ approa*+4 ,no?+ c\ld be m pa!tic ?an ! spectacle ( ?is /rong creative _s1 already imprison$ 9 ! iron embrace ( dea?1 yet /ruggl+1 l a ,laocoon1 aga9/ inevitable dissolution4 ,al?\gh ne>ly n9ety ye>s ( age1 ,mi*elangelo w\ld /ill walk abroad 9 all wea!rs1 tak+ no precaution :atev]4 ,on ,febru>y #ad?1 #aefd1 a fri5d ( ! ma/]1 ,tib]io ,calcagni1 met him 9 ! /reet on foot4 ,x 0 ra9+ h>d1 & ,calcagni affectionately upbraid$ ! old man = go+ ab\t 9 su* wea!r3 ,leave me alone1 cri$ ,mi*elangelo fi]cely1 ,i am ill1 & _c f9d re/ any:]e4 ,he sp5t ! next f\r days 9 an arm*air ne> ! fire1 n compla9+ ( any p>ticul> suff]+1 q compos$ & fully consci\s1 z ,diom$e ,leoni wrote to ,leon>do1 b oppress$ ) cont9ual dr[s9ess4 ,9 ord] to %ake x (f1 ! brave old man tri$ to m\nt 8 horse & g = a ride1 b he 0 too weak4 ,)\t a ^w he sat d[n aga9 9 8 arm*air1 & on ! aft]noon ( ,febru>y #ah?1 #aefd1 a little be=e five o'clock1 ,mi*elangelo peacefully brea!d 8 la/4 ,he made 8 w 9 ?ree words1 says ,vas>i1 committ+ 8 s\l into ! h&s ( ,god1 8 body to ! e>?1 & 8 goods to 8 ne>e/ relatives4 ,leon>do arriv$ 9 ,rome ?ree days aft] 8 uncle's dea?4 ,he _h "s difficulty 9 fulfill+ ,mi*elangelo's wi% to be buri$ 9 8 native t[n1 z ! ,romans1 :o _h conf]r$ ! citiz5%ip on ! arti/1 w\ld n all[ 8 body to be remov$4 ,at la/ ! rema9s 7 smuggl$ out ( ,rome 9 a bale ( m]*&ise & convey$ to ,flor5ce1 :]e !y 7 buri$ ) great pomp & solemnity 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce4 ,= "s unacc\ntable reason ! gr\p ( ! ,piet :i* ,mi*elangelo _h int5d$ = 8 monum5t1 0 n plac$ ov] 8 tomb4 ,! pres5t v ugly monum5t 0 design$ by ,vas>i at ,leon>do's reque/4 ,x be>s ! foll[+ inscription3 ,d4 ,o4 ,m4 ,,mi*aeli ,,angelo ,,bon>otio ,,vetu/a 4 ,,simoniorum 4 ,,familia ,,sculptori 4 ,,pictori 4 ,,et 4 ,,ar*itecto ,,fama 4 ,,omnibus 4 ,,notissimo ,,leon>dus 4 ,,patruo 4 ,,amantiss 4 ,,et 4 ,,de 4 ,,se 4 ,,optime 4 ,,m]ito ,,translatis 4 ,,roma 4 ,,ejus 4 ,,ossibus 4 ,,atque 4 ,,9 4 ,,hoc 4 ,,templo ,,majorum 4 ,,suorum 4 ,,sepulcro 4 ,,conditis ,,cohortante4 ,,s]54 ,,cosmo4 ,,m$4 ,,magno4 ,,etrur4 ,,duce4 ,p4 ,c4 ,,ann4 ,,sal4 ,m4 ,d4 ,,lxx ,,vixit4 ,,ann4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,m4 ,,xi4 ,d4 ,,xv4 ,o!r monum5ts to ,mi*elangelo exi/ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,santissimi ,apo/oli at ,rome1 & on ! hill ( ,san ,m9iato1 ov]look+ ,flor5ce1 :i* he s bravely def5d$4 ,b ! noble/ monum5t ( ,mi*elangelo ! arti/ are 8 undy+ works1 & ! highe/ praise ( ,mi*elangelo ! man & ! ,*ri/ian is conta9$ 9 ^! simple words ( a contempor>y1 ,scipione ,ammirato1 ,dur+ ! n9ety ye>s ( 8 life1 & 9 spite ( numb]less temptations1 ,mi*elangelo nev] did or said any?+ t 0 n pure & great4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,mi*elangelo ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,art1 ,mi*elangelo /&s isolat$1 a colossal figure loom+ t]rible & maje/ic1 a ,titan t[]+ f> above ! sons ( m54 ,yet 8 0 an age ( giants4 ,:5 ,mi*elangelo came be=e ! _w ! glori\s tide ( ! ,r5aissance 0 /ill ris+2 sculpture & ar*itecture _h be5 br\ght to an unprec$5t$ degree ( excell5ce by su* m5 z ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti1 ,donatello & ,brunelles*i1 & foll[+ 9 ,masaccio's foot/eps1 a ho/ ( great pa9t]s _h successfully /riv5 to r5ovate & p]fect _! art until x culm9at$ 9 a ,raphael4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci 0 already fam\s be=e ,mi*elangelo _h t\*$ *isel or bru%1 b nei!r ,leon>do's encyclopa$ic a*ievem5ts nor ,raphael's meteorlike c>e] c be reg>d$ z ! ultimate expression1 ! high-wat] m>k ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,9 ,mi*elangelo we behold ! giant embodim5t ( ! true _s ( t wond]ful p]iod1 ! syn!sis ( its v>i\s =ms ( beauty & p]fection1 ! f9al manife/ation ( its ae/hetic possibilities4 ,:5 ,art fir/ %ook (f ! trammels ( m$iaevalism1 %e 0 cont5t to wor%ip at ! %r9e ( ,tru?2 ) ,botticelli & ,leon>do %e pass$ into vague regions ( poetry4 ,raphael t\*$ a m human note1 (t5 so>+ to sublime h>monies3 ) ,mi*elangelo ! ,r5aissance rea*$ its fulle/ developm5t1 atta9+ to a spiritual height1 an almo/ sup]human l(t9ess hi!rto undreamt (4 ,o!r m5 _h excell$ 9 pa9t+1 9 sculpture1 or 9 ar*itecture be=e him1 b ,mi*elangelo 0 ! fir/ to atta9 p]fection 9 e bran* ( ,art1 & su* 0 8 /rong creative individuality t he left no?+ to :i* he appli$ himself at ! same /age :]e he _h f\nd x1 br++ e manife/ation ( ,art to ! highe/ degree ( p]fection ( :i* x 0 capable1 & cr[n+ all ) t glori\s aureola ( spiritual gr&eur :i* is ! mo/ awe-inspir+ *>act]i/ic ( 8 works4 ,we h said t ,mi*elangelo /&s alone4 ,( o!r arti/s x is easy to trace ! ae/hetic d]ivation1 b he is ! product ( no s*ool1 ! result ( no ext]nal influ5ce4 ,mi*elangelo1 ! mo/ p]fect emanation ( ! ,r5aissance1 came be=e an a/oni%$ _w l ,m9]va leap+ f ! head ( ,jove1 all arm$ & beautiful 9 h] /r5g? & wisdom4 ,al?\gh he liv$ 9 an age :5 tradition 0 almo/ an arti/ic canon1 & :5 ! pupil felt 9 duty b\nd to foll[ 8 ma/]'s me?ods1 ev5 8 e>ly works reveal a s+ul> orig9ality & fre$om f all imitative t5d5cies4 ,take = in/ance 8 ,battle ( ! ,c5taurs & ,lapi?ae1 :i* he c>v$ :5 work+ "u ,b]toldo at ! c\rt ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t3 x has no?+ 9 common ) ! s*ool ( ,donatello1 b is in/9ct ) ! _s ( antique art1 %[+ t ! "y sculptor d]iv$ inf9itely m pr(it f ! close /udy ( ! antique ma/]pieces :i* ,lor5zo _h collect$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ,san ,m>co ?an f ,b]toldo's precepts4 ,t he succe$$ 9 ma/]+ ! /yle & mann] ( ! anci5ts to p]fection is prov$ by su* works z ! ,sleep+ ,cupid1 n[ un=tunately lo/1 b :i* 0 b\ght by ,c>d9al ,ri>io z an antique1 & 0 ! cause ( ,mi*elangelo's fir/ com+ to ,rome2 ! ,bac*us1 h>dly inf]ior to ! ,danc+ ,faun ( ! ,capitol1 & ! beautiful /atues ( ! ,m$icean tombs1 :i* might easily be mi/ak5 = ! "w ( a ,greek *isel4 ,x is c]ta9 t dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( 8 long soj\rn 9 ,rome he gave himself up en?usia/ically to ! /udy ( its anci5t monum5ts & works ( art4 ,:5 ! fam\s gr\p ( ! ,laocoon 0 discov]$ 9 #aejf1 ,mi*elangelo greet$ x z a miracle ( art1 affirm+ t ! only /atue wor?y ( be+ comp>$ ) x 0 ! torso ( ,h]cules1 :i* he 0 nev] tir$ ( draw+1 & evid5tly _h be=e 8 m9d :5 pa9t+ ! magnific5t ignudi ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,9 ! ,wic> ,museum at ,lille !re are sev]al copies by ,mi*elangelo ( v>i\s decorative motives 9 ! ,ba?s ( ,titus1 %[+ h[ deeply he /udi$ anci5t art ev5 9 m9or details4 ,b he 0 f> f be+ a s]vile imitator2 inde$ 8 p[]ful orig9ality is nev] s /rik+ly manife/ z 9 ^? ( 8 ma/]pieces :i* appe> to be conceiv$ 9 a purely classical _s4 ,al?\gh deeply religi\s1 ev5 to ! po9t ( reg>d+ 8 art1 especially dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8 life1 m z a devotional ex]cise ?an z a /epp+-/one to glory1 ,mi*elangelo _h "o ess5tial po9t 9 common ) ,pagan arti/s1 namely1 a b\ndless & rev]5t cult = beauty 9 all its =ms1 & especially 9 its highe/ & mo/ wond]ful manife/ation1 ! human frame4 ,he lov$ ! beauty ( ! human body1 says ,condivi1 z "o :o be/ und]/&s x1 & likewise e beautiful ?+--a beautiful horse1 a beautiful dog1 a beautiful c\ntry1 a beautiful plant1 & e place & ?+ beautiful & r>e aft] its k9d1 admir+ !m all ) a m>vell\s love2 ?us *oos+ beauty 9 nature z ! bees ga!r honey f ! fl[]s1 & us+ x aft]w>ds 9 8 works4 ,9 "o ( 8 sonnets ,mi*elangelo ?us express$ 8 highe/ idea ( beauty--man creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god3 ,nor ha? ,god deign$ to %[ ,himself else:]e ,m cle>ly ?an 9 human =ms sublime1 ,:i*1 s9ce !y image ,him1 alone ,i love4#a #a ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds1 ,! ,sonnets ( ,mi*elangelo & ,campanella1 n4 lvi4 p4 #ij4 ,x is c]ta9 t he /udi$ anatomy f> m deeply ?an any ( 8 contempor>ies1 n exclud+ ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 & devot$ s mu* "t to dissect+ t x turn$ 8 /oma* s t he c\ld nei!r eat nor dr9k ) b5efit4 ,nev]!less1 adds ,condivi1 he did n give up until he 0 s le>n$ & ri* 9 su* k t he int5d$ to write a treatise on ! movem5ts ( ! human body1 its aspect1 & conc]n+ ! bones1 ) an +5i\s !ory ( 8 own1 devis$ aft] long practice4 ,mi*elangelo has be5 accus$ by "s critics1 n :olly )\t reason1 ( hav+ some:at o/5tati\sly avail$ himself ( 8 anatomical k4 ,9 "s figures ( 8 ,la/ ,judgm5t1 = in/ance1 ! muscul> masses1 ! bones & t5dons & o!r anatomical details are h>dly conceal$ by ! sk91 z if he _h pa9t$ f ! subject on ! dissect+-table r ?an f ! liv+ model4 ,! result is und\bt$ly /rik+ & t]rible1 & we may ev5 haz>d ! conjecture t ! ma/] purposely exagg]at$ 8 ef=ts 9 a picture repres5t+ ! f9al resuscitation ( ! fle%1 ! awesome recon/ruction & />t+ back into life ( bodies long s9ce r$uc$ to du/4 ,?is /up5d\s defect1 if su* x may be call$1 is f> m app>5t 9 ,mi*elangelo's frescoes ?an 9 8 works ( sculpture4 ,hav+ tak5 ! human frame z ! highe/ possible /&>d ( beauty1 ,mi*elangelo made use ( x 9 all 8 works n only z ! pr9cipal !me1 b z a decorative elem5t4 ,! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 ) its magnific5t nude ,a?letes & allegorical figures1 is ! apo!osis ( ! human frame z ! noble/ means ( decoration4 ,by introduc+ nude figures 9 8 tondo ( ! ,holy ,family & by 8 p[]ful b utt]ly unconv5tional treatm5t ( ! angels & sa9ts 9 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ,mi*elangelo once m affirm$ 8 fai? 9 ! beauty & purity ( ! human =m div9e z a decorative elem5t ( religi\s art4 ,he w5t ev5 fur!r1 = 9 a lett] to ,c>d9al ,ridolfo da ,c>pi1 :i* he wrote :5 engag$ on ! con/ruction ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,mi*elangelo haz>ds ! /range !ory t ! /udy ( ! human figure is indisp5sable n only to sculptors & pa9t]s1 b to ar*itects z well3 ,= x is v c]ta9 t ! memb]s ( ar*itecture dep5d ^u ! memb]s ( man4 ,:o is n a good ma/] ( ! figure1 & especially ( anatomy1 _c und]/& x4 ,mi*elangelo's sy/em ( work+ 0 z p[]ful & orig9al z 8 art4 ,be=e he began a /atue he c\ld already disc]n ! f9i%$ ma/]piece lurk+ )9 ! r\gh-hewn block ( m>ble1 :i* he w\ld attack ) reckless assurance1 great spl9t]s fly+ 9 all directions z he fev]i%ly cut away ! wa/e /one1 & saw ! figure spr+ sl[ly into life "u 8 magic *isel4 ,a contempor>y1 writ+ 9 #aeej1 :5 ,mi*elangelo1 !n sev5ty-five ye>s ( age1 0 c>v+ ! ,piet :i* he int5d$ = 8 tomb1 ?us describes ! ma/] at 8 "w3 ,i h se5 him1 al?\gh ov] sev5ty ye>s ( age & no long] /rong1 cut away m spl9t]s f a block ( v h>d m>ble 9 fifte5 m9utes ?an ?ree "y m5 c\ld h done 9 a c\ple ( h\rs1 & ) su* fi]ce recklessness t ,i ?\ght ! :ole "w mu/ fall to pieces4 ,= he knock$ (f spl9t]s ! size ( a h&1 foll[+ ! l9e ( 8 figures s closely1 t ! slighte/ mi/ake w\ld h irrep>ably spoilt ! :ole gr\p4 ,9 "o ( 8 f9e/ sonnets ,mi*elangelo m5tions ?is wond]ful gift ( ! true arti/ to p5etrate dull m>ble & to p]ceive1 z ?r\gh a veil1 ! p]fect "w ( art )93 ,non ha l' ottimo arti/a alcun concetto ,*' un m>mo solo 9 se' non circoscriva ,col suo sov]*io2 e solo a quello arriva ,la mano *e ubbidisce all' intelletto4 ,ev5 su* colossal works z ! ,david 7 c>v$ by ,mi*elangelo directly f ! m>ble1 )\t previ\sly modell+ a full-size clay figure4 ,9 none ( 8 f9i%$ ma/]pieces1 h[ev]1 is x possible to obs]ve ,mi*elangelo's me?ods bett] ?an 9 ! unf9i%$ /atue ( ,sa9t ,mat!w1 n[ 9 ! ,academy1 ,flor5ce1 :i*1 al?\gh little m ?an a r\gh-hewn block ( m>ble1 already reveals all ! p[] & beauty ( ! p]fect "w ( art4 ,:5 qu>ry+ m>ble at ,c>r>a = ! faade ( ,san ,lor5zo1 he c\ld tell to a nicety ! exact measurem5ts ( ! blocks requir$1 al?\gh he _h n yet prep>$ a model or ev5 accurate draw+s to guide him 9 8 "w4 ,! :ole monum5t 0 already complete1 ev5 to its m9or details1 9 8 m9d4 ,mi*elangelo foll[$ ! same /r5u\s me?ods 9 pa9t+4 ,we h se5 t ! fir/ "p ( 8 mo/ colossal "w1 ! vault ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 compris+ ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-f\r figures1 ! majority t5 feet high1 0 begun on ,may #aj?1 #aejh1 & f9i%$ on ,novemb] #a/1 #aeji4 ,inde$1 z ,mi*elangelo may be said to h only comm5c$ "w 9 e>ne/ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y #aeji1 aft] dismiss+ 8 incapable assi/ants1 x is f> m probable t ! /up5d\s fresco 0 pa9t$ 9 two hundr$ & ?irty-f\r days1 at ! rate ( m ?an "o figure a day4 ,! arti/ c\ld only pa9t on ! pla/] :ile x 0 wet1 s t x is easy to tell 9 h[ _m days he f9i%$ ! l>g] figures by obs]v+ ! divisions ( ! sep>ate days' pla/]+s4 ,= in/ance1 ,sir ,c4 ,holroyd1 ^: judgm5t is ?or\ghly to be dep5d$ ^u1 ma9ta9s t "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ prom95t figures1 z well z "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ f9i%$1 ! ,adam 9 ! ,creation ( ,man1 0 pa9t$ 9 ?ree sitt+s only4 ,! l9es ( ! junctions ( ! pla/] may be se5 9 a photograph2 "o is along ! coll> bone1 & "o across ! junction ( ! body & ! ?ighs4 ,!re is also a division all r\nd ! figure1 an in* or s f ! outl9e1 s we "k t ! beautiful & highly f9i%$ head & neck 7 pa9t$ 9 "o day2 ! /up5d\s torso & arms 9 ano!r2 & ! huge legs1 f9i%$ 9 e detail1 9 a ?ird4 ,su* p[] ( "w & ( f9i% is utt]ly inconceivable to any arti/ ( to-day4 ,mi*elangelo rightly attribut$ 8 capacity = rapid & f9i%$ "w to ! great pa9s he _h tak5 9 ?or\ghly ma/]+ ! difficult art ( draw+4 ,!re is a sket* 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ) ! foll[+ piece ( advice 9 ,mi*elangelo's own h&1 to 8 pupil1 ,antonio ,m9i3 ,disegna ,antonio1 disegna ,antonio1 disegna1 e non p]d] tempo4 ,draw ,antonio1 draw ,antonio1 draw1 & d n lose "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c5tral ,,gr\p ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,judgem5t4 ,l ,donatello1 he us$ to say to 8 pupils3 ,i give y ! :ole art ( sculpture :5 ,i tell y--draw6 ,al?\gh x w\ld be difficult to decide :e!r he excell$ mo/ 9 pa9t+ or 9 sculpture1 ,mi*elangelo1 ) s+ul> mode/y1 p]si/$ 9 reg>d+ himself z exclusively a sculptor4 ,ev5 :5 engag$ on 8 greate/ pictorial works1 su* z ! frescoes ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 he inv>iably sign$ 8 lett]s ) ! words3 ,mi*elangelo1 ,scultore4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+ t 8 pa9t+s1 & m especially 8 e>li] works1 7 conceiv$ 9 a purely sculptorial _s1 & c>ri$ out accord+ to ! me?ods ( 8 fav\rite art4 ,! ,holy ,family1 n[ 9 ! ,uffizi1 = in/ance1 diff]s b little 9 treatm5t & composition1 f ! two m>ble tondi 9 ! ,b>gello1 & 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 & f :at we "k ( ! fam\s ,c>toon ( ,pisa1 x is evid5t t ,mi*elangelo1 :5 compos+ t fam\s ma/]piece1 0 influ5c$ by ! antique bas-reliefs1 repres5t+ battle sc5es1 :i* he _h se5 & admir$ dur+ 8 fir/ visit to ,rome4 ,t he did n consid] himself a pa9t] is fur!r %[n by 8 utt] disreg>d = col\r1 s app>5t 9 8 e>li] pa9t+s1 su* z ! ,holy ,family4 ,b 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel he ceases to reg>d p]fection ( =m z all suffici5t1 & ! sculptor sudd5ly becomes ! greate/ col\r-pa9t] ( any age4 ,= 9 ^! /up5d\s frescoes1 rem>kable = _! impos+1 yet extremely simple col\r s*eme1 ,mi*elangelo has succe$$ 9 mak+ col\r s]ve a high] purpose ?an t ( m]ely clo?+ 8 inspiration ) beautiful t9ts4 ,col\r is no long] an accessory1 b an integral factor z important z ! mighty figures1 ! inn] mean+ ( :i* x helps to be> out1 & ! result ( z mu* ?\ght & c>e4 ,9 no o!r "w ( art has su* p]fect h>mony ( =m & col\r ev] be5 atta9$4 ,mi*elangelo 0 s entirely absorb$ 9 8 art1 to ! exclusion ( e o!r ?\ght or passion1 t x is possible to trace 9 8 works n only ! gradual developm5t ( 8 g5ius1 b also ! vicissitudes ( 8 long & /ormy c>e]4 ,( 8 y\?ful works only two1 ! bas-relief ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild 9 ! ,buon>roti ,collection & ! ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 be> evid5t traces ( ,donatello's influ5ce2 9 ! ,battle ( ! ,c5taurs & ,lapi?ae ! "y arti/ already ass]ts 8 p[]ful individuality1 & ! ,bac*us %[s h[ ?or\ghly he _h become imbu$ ) ! _s ( antique art4 ,x 0 n until he c>v$ ! deeply religi\s gr\p ( ! ,piet t he reveal$ 8 spiritual p]sonality1 :ile 9 ! ,david we are fir/ confront$ ) t t]ribilita :i* is ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( 8 subsequ5t works4 ,all ,mi*elangelo's ma/]pieces1 :e!r ( sculpture or pa9t+1 are in/9ct ) p[] & /r5g?1 l combatants 9 "s fi]ce1 my/]i\s battle2 b :]eas ! y\?ful ,david appe>s to brea! =? a triumphant defiance1 8 lat] conceptions1 su* z ! brood+ a?letes ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 ! ,l\vre captives wri?+ 9 _! bonds1 ! sombre giants ( ! ,m$icean tombs1 & ! t]ror-/rick5 figures ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 appe> to be weigh$ d[n & ov]%ad[$ by ! consci\sness ( inevitable doom4 ,:at 0 =m]ly a brave1 fe>less fight becomes a hopeless /ruggle ( ,titans aga9/ ,fate4 ,sublimity ( conception1 gr&eur ( =m1 & bread? ( mann] are ! elem5ts ( ,mi*elangelo's /yle4 ,z pa9t]1 z sculptor1 z ar*itect he attempt$--& above any o!r man succe$$--to unite magnific5ce ( plan & endless v>iety ( subord9ate p>ts ) ! utmo/ simplicity & bread?4 ,8 l9e is uni=mly gr&2 "* & beauty are admitt$ only z f> z !y c be made subs]vi5t to gr&eur4 ,! *ild1 ! female1 ev5 meanness & de=mity1 are by him indiscrim9ately /amp$ ) gr&eur4 ,a begg> rises f 8 h& ! patri>* ( pov]ty2 ! hump ( 8 dw>f is impress$ ) dignity2 8 wom5 are m\lds ( g5]ations2 8 infants teem ) ! man2 8 m5 are a race ( giants4 ,9 t sublime circle ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel :i* exhibits ! orig91 ! progress & ! f9al disp5sations ( !ocracy1 he may be reg>d$ z ! inv5tor ( ,epic pa9t+4 ,among ! glori\s titles :i* h borne ! "n ( ,mi*elangelo to s high a pit* ( celebrity1 ! lea/ popul> is t d]iv$ f ! composition ( 8 poetical works4 ,! be/ judges1 h[ev]1 reg>d ^! productions ) pr(\nd e/eem4 ,= ,mi*elangelo liv$ dur+ ! gold5 age ( ! ,l+ua ,toscana1 & among ! poets :o fill$ ! int]val betwe5 ! publication ( ! ,orl&o & t ( ! ,am9ta--fir/1 9 ord] ( date1 ( ! poems ( ,torquato ,tasso--n "o has rais$ himself above1 nor1 p]haps1 to ! level ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,mi*elangelo's ar*itectural works reveal ! same *>act]i/ics :i* excite our admiration :5 contemplat+ 8 pa9t+s or 8 m>bles1 namely1 simplicity & gr&eur4 ,al?\gh he always prote/$ t ar*itecture1 l pa9t+1 0 n 8 pr(ession1 he /ood head & %\ld]s above ,bramante or any o!r ar*itect ( 8 "t1 & ! maje/ic cupola ( ! greate/ temple 9 ,*ri/5dom is a suffici5t pro( ( 8 g5ius4 ,al?\gh ,mi*elangelo left no s*ool 9 ! n>r[] s5se ( ! ^w1 8 influ5ce ^u art1 &1 :at is ev5 m important1 on ! m9ds ( m51 has und\bt$ly be5 great] ?an t ( any o!r ma/]1 & successive g5]ations w agree ) an illu/ri\s contempor>y1 ,ario/o1 9 proclaim+ him ,mi*el1 pi *e mortal1 ,angel div9o4 ,,our ,,illu/rations ,x is difficult to grasp all ! sublime significance ( ,mi*elangelo's works1 ev5 :5 we f9d ourselves face to face ) ! actual ma/]pieces1 su* z ! frescoes ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel or ! beautiful /atues :i* adorn ! ,m$icean tombs4 ,to attempt an accurate description ( 8 pr9cipal works )9 ! n>r[ limits at our disposal w\ld be inde$ a hopeless task1 especially z ! size ( ^! pictures w only all[ ( _! convey+ a some:at remote idea ( ! gr&eur & awe-inspir+ dignity :i* are ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( ,mi*elangelo's art4 ,9 select+ ! foll[+ eight illu/rations1 we h endeav\r$ n only to give an idea ( ,mi*elangelo's gradual arti/ic developm5t1 b also to ?r[ "s light on 8 p[]ful & mo/ int]e/+ p]sonality4 ,al?\gh ! ,portrait n[ 9 ! ,capitol ,museum is 9 _m respects inf]ior to ! "o 9 ! ,uffizi1 & has ev5 few] claims to ! hon\r ( be+ reg>d$ z by ! ma/]'s own h&1 we h select$ x because x tallies p]fectly ) ! descriptions :i* ,mi*elangelo's contempor>ies1 & m especially ,condivi & ,vas>i1 h left u ( ! ma/]'s rugg$ & expressive features4 ,!re is an aspect ( pr(\nd melan*oly1 almo/ ( disc\ragem5t1 9 ! wan face1 disfigur$ by ! flatt5$ nose2 ! eyes are sunk deep "u ! massive & some:at slant+ br[1 & ! :ole picture has an indescribably m\rnful1 hopeless expression4 ,x 0 probably pa9t$ :5 ,mi*elangelo 0 ab\t fifty-five ye>s ( age1 & ! trag$y ( ! tomb 0 caus+ him bitt] grief & disappo9tm5t4 ,9 ! ,uffizi portrait ! mo/ int]e/+ feature is ! h&1 /rangely resembl+ an eagle's talon & imm$iately giv+ ! impression ( /rong individuality & creative p[]1 :i* 7 ,mi*elangelo's mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics4 ,x has be5 rightly obs]v$ t no?+ closes ! fifte5? c5tury s fitly z ! magnific5t m>ble gr\p ( ,! ,piet1 :i*1 al?\gh c>v$ by ,mi*elangelo 9 #adih1 already prophesi$ ! p[] ( sixte5?-c5tury art4 ,num]\s o!r arti/s _h already be5 attract$ by ! pa!tic !me ( ! ,virg9 ,"m m\rn+ ov] h] dead ,son1 _! pr9cipal aim1 h[ev]1 be+ almo/ inv>iably to convey z =cibly z possible to ! behold] ! grief & despair ( ! b]eav$ ,"m4 ,) *>act]i/ic orig9ality ,mi*elangelo dep>t$ f ! traditional mann]1 successfully endeav\r+ to give ! !me a simpl] b f> m dignifi$ & l(ty int]pretation4 ,! ,madonna is seat$ on ! /one ^u :i* ! ,cross is erect$1 ) h] dead ,son on h] lap4 ,h] beautiful face is n contract$ ) grief1 b we>s an expression ( sublime peace & resignation1 & ! graceful head recl9es slightly on h] "r %\ld]1 z if pity+ ,heav5 _h s5t sleep to temp] ! extremity ( h] grief1 & sweet dreams ( ! pa/1 :5 ! ,virg9 ,"m fondl$ h] ,infant ,son1 _h m]cifully cancell$ ! horrible vision ( ! ,r$eem]'s lifeless body n[ ly+ on h] lap4 ,mi*elangelo's contempor>ies criticis$ ! figure ( ! ,madonna1 rem>k+ t ! ,"m is f> too "y comp>$ ) ! ,son4 ,"o day1 writes ,condivi1 z ,i 0 talk+ to ,mi*elangelo ( ?is objection1 ',d y n "k1' he said1 't *a/e wom5 reta9 _! fre% looks mu* long] ?an ^? :o are n *a/e8 ,& ,i tell y1 moreov]1 t su* fre%ness & fl[] ( y\?1 besides be+ ma9ta9$ 9 h] by natural causes1 x may possibly be t x 0 orda9$ by ! ,div9e ,p[] to prove to ! _w ! virg9ity & p]petual purity ( ! ,"m4 ,x 0 n necess>y 9 ! ,son1 b r ! contr>y1 wi%+ to %[ t ! ,son ( ,god took ^u himself a true human body subject to all ! ills ( man1 except+ only s94 ,d n wond] !n t ,i h1 = all ^! reasons1 made ! mo/ ,holy ,virg91 ,"m ( ,god1 a great deal y\ng] 9 comp>ison ) h] ,son ?an %e is usually repres5t$4 ,to ! ,son ,i h allott$ ,8 full age4' ,?is grave !ological /atem5t gives u an int]e/+ insight into ,mi*elangelo's pi\s & m$itative "*1 %[+ h[ e>ne/ly he took 8 art & h[ rev]5tly he ?\ght out e detail1 especially :5 int]pret+ "s religi\s !me4 ,! figure ( ! dead ,r$eem] is1 if possible1 ev5 m admirable ?an t ( ! ,"m4 ,he is ( s great & s r>e a beauty1 exclaims ,condivi1 t no "o beholds x b is mov$ to pity4 ,a figure truly wor?y ( ! humanity :i* belong$ to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,no o!r sculptor has ev] succe$$ 9 giv+ m>ble ! absolute ab&on ( dea? q s pa!tically z ,mi*elangelo has done 9 ?is ,dead ,*ri/4 ,"h x 0 t 8 pr(\nd k ( anatomy1 & ! long h\rs sp5t ov] ! dissect+ table at ,santo ,spirito1 fir/ /ood him 9 good /ead4 ,9 ! ,alb]t9a ,gall]y at ,vi5na !re is a magnific5t /udy ( a subject plac$ 9 almo/ exactly ! same position z ! ,dead ,*ri/1 :i* ! sculptor evid5tly transf]r$ to ,! ,piet1 if inde$ he did n make ! sket* expressly = ?is gr\p4 ,al?\gh ,mi*elangelo always pr(ess$ to be a sculptor & no?+ else1 he %[s all a true pa9t]'s s5sitive appreciation ( light & %ade 9 ?is "w1 hav+ s arrang$ ! graceful1 b some:at complicat$ folds ( ! ,madonna's drap]ies1 z to =m a comp>atively d>k backgr\nd :i* enhances ! :it5ess ( ! lifeless body ly+ on h] lap4 ,to /ud5ts ( ,mi*elangelo's art ?is "w is especially int]e/+ z x %[s ! ma/] equally free f ! influ5ce ( 8 ,flor5t9e pr$ecessors1 & f t ( ! antique4 ,mi*elangelo 0 consci\s ( ! m]it & ( ! orig9ality ( ?is gr\p1 = x is ! only "o :i* he consid]$ wor?y ( be>+ 8 great "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,piet4 ,! ,david1 n[ 9 ! ,accademia at ,flor5ce1 inaugurates ! s]ies ( ,mi*elangelo's colossal /atues4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! ma/] und]took to utilize a huge block ( m>ble already r\gh-hewn by an unskilful sculptor1 & t he succe$$ 9 hew+ ?is magnific5t /atue1 )\t add+ any o!r piece at all1 s exactly to ! size t ! old surface ( ! m>ble may /ill be se5 on ! top ( ! head & 9 ! base4 ,:at mo/ surprises ! mod]n arti/ :5 /udy+ n only ?is1 b all ,mi*elangelo's colossal works1 bo? 9 pa9t+ & 9 sculpture1 is ! p]fect f9i% ( e detail4 ,! fe>less eyes1 ! %apely e>1 ! firm set m\?1 ! p[]ful h& n]v\sly grasp+ ! dea?-deal+ missile1 c\ld n h be5 m c>efully modell$ 9 a /atuette1 & ca/s ( ea* individual limb are /ill set be=e /ud5ts to copy & admire 9 e /udio ( ! _w4 ,9 #aeja1 :5 ,mi*elangelo began ?is "w1 he 0 /ill free & unfett]$1 ju/ly pr\d ( ! fame :i* 8 ,piet _h br\ght him1 & ) ! _w lit]ally at 8 feet4 ,?is "y giant boldly tak+ aim at an unkn[n b =midable enemy1 might well be reg>d$ z an allegorical repres5tation ( ! arti/ himself1 on ! eve ( grappl+ ) 8 fate4 ,x may be tak5 = c]ta9 t a qu>t] ( a c5tury lat] he w\ld h int]pret$ ! same !me v diff]5tly1 & w\ld p]haps h giv5 u ,david ! ,k+1 or ,david ! ,psalmi/ & ! ,prophet1 in/ead ( ?is magnific5t embodim5t ( consci\s p[] & hope4 ,! fi]ce fr[n1 ! expression ( /r5u\s =ce victori\sly /ruggl+ aga9/ ov]:elm+ odds1 all ^? *>act]i/ics1 9 %ort1 :i* h be5 summ$ up 9 ! ^w t]ribilit by 8 contempor>ies1 w\ld h be5 replac$ by ! sombre maje/y ( ! ,moses1 or ! despair+ expression ( conqu]$1 impot5t /r5g? :i* is ! key-note to su* works z ! ,m$icean ,tombs1 ! ,l\vre ,captives1 & ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,critics ca/+ ab\t = an arti/ic d]ivation ( ,mi*elangelo's e>li] works ma9ta9 t ! ,david's face be>s a resemblance to ! features ( ,donatello's ,sa9t ,george 9 ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 b ! type is f> m virile & en]getic1 recall+1 if any?+1 ! ma/]pieces ( anci5t art4 ,! tondo repres5t+ ,! ,holy ,family1 n[ 9 ! ,tribuna ( ! ,uffizi1 is d\bly int]e/+ z a "w ( art & z an in/ance ( ,mi*elangelo's fe>less orig9ality4 ,x 0 pa9t$ ab\t ! ye> #aejc = t ,flor5t9e m]*ant pr9ce1 ,angelo ,doni1 :o sat = 8 portrait to ! div9e ,raphael4 ,al?\gh ,signorelli _h once be=e introduc$ nude figures z a decorative elem5t 9 a ,madonna & ,*ild :i* he pa9t$ = ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici 7& x is possible t ,mi*elangelo saw ?is picture71 no o!r arti/ ( ! ,r5aissance _h ev] d>$ to int]pret a sacr$ subject su* z ! ,holy ,family 9 s ,pagan a _s4 ,an anci5t ,greek w\ld q naturally h suppos$ ! beautiful gr\p 9 ! =egr\nd to repres5t ,juno play+ ) ! infant ,bac*us1 only wond]+1 p]haps1 :y ! arti/ _h neglect$ to place a g>l& ( v9e leaves & clu/]+ grapes r\nd ! ,w9e ,god's curly head4 ,/4 ,joseph might easily be tak5 = a mom5t>ily uxori\s ,jupit] or = a sob] ,sil5us1 & ! nude %eph]ds idl+ 9 ! backgr\nd place ! sc5e 9 a pleasant corn] ( ,arcadia1 :ile a gr9n+ little ,faun does duty = ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,nev]!less !re is n ! slighte/ h9t at irrev]5ce2 x is m]ely a ,pagan translation1 by a ma/] h&1 ( an (t-repeat$ ,*ri/ian !me1 a transposition z beautiful & z h>moni\s 9 its way z ! orig9al score4 ,inde$1 ,vas>i tells u t ,mi*elangelo pa9t$ ?is /rik+ly orig9al tondo m]ely to %[ 8 skill1 & ! magnific5t modell+ & =e%ort5+ ( ! ,madonna's arms1 ! ma/]ful composition1 & ! wond]fully accurate draw+ m ?an a*ieve 8 object4 ,z to ! col\r+1 he entirely disreg>d$ x 9 8 sculptor's pride4 ,he might z well h c>v$ ?is rem>kable "w 9 m>ble4 ,be=e pa9t+ ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 ,mi*elangelo appe>$ to be wilfully col\r-bl9d1 z if afraid t pa9t+ w\ld wile him away f ! si/] art1 to :i* he _h plight$ 8 tro?4 ,!re is v little d\bt t ! orig9al design ( ! ,creation ( ,man 0 inspir$ 9 ,mi*elangelo by "o ( ! antique gems :i* he admir$ z a boy 9 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici's collection4 ,a simil> orig9 may be assign$ to ! gr\p ( ,judi? & h] maid1 also 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 to sev]al ( ! ,a?letes1 & to ! ,l$a & ! ,swan :i* he pa9t$ = ! ,duke ( ,f]r>a4 ,b ?is magnific5t recumb5t figure ( ,adam f> surpasses any?+ 9 anci5t z well z 9 mod]n art1 & is inde$ a wor?y c5tre r\nd :i* ! rema9+ /up5d\s compositions appe> to gravitate l planets r\nd ! sun4 ,x is "h1 m ?an 9 any o!r ( 8 works1 t we c appreciate ,mi*elangelo's wond]ful gift ( int]pret+ ! highe/ & mo/ inaccessible !mes 9 a simple yet impos+ mann]4 ,re/+ heavily on ! curv$ surface ( ! globe1 8 p[]ful limbs & f9ely modell$ fle% cle>ly outl9$ aga9/ ! indigo blue ( ! sky & ! solemn l9es ( ! l&scape1 ,adam gives "o ! impression ( a huge primeval be+ in/9ct ) /r5g? :i* he is z yet unable to und]/& or to use1 & j awak+ into life1 a div9e sp>k ( :i* he receives f ! ,deity4 ,mi*elangelo's conception ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 z an old b p[]ful & maje/ic figure1 has ev] s9ce rema9$ ! only possible pictorial symbol ( s l(ty a subject4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 ,ap>t f its great arti/ic m]it1 a pa!tic int]e/ atta*es to ! /atue ( ,moses because x repres5ts ! la/ act ( t trag$y ( ! tomb :i* d>k5$ ! great] "p ( ,mi*elangelo's life1 & influ5c$ 8 art m ?an any o!r circum/ance ( 8 ev5tful c>e]4 ,! lead] & law-giv] ( ! ,hebrews is seat$ 9 an attitude ( ?\ght & wisdom1 hold+ "u 8 "r arm ! tables ( ! law1 & support+ 8 *9 ) 8 left h&1 l "o tir$ & full ( c>es4 ,8 be>d escapes 9 long waves betwe5 ! f+]s ( 8 "r h&4 ,! h&s & /rong b>e arms ( ! ,moses are magnific5t1 beyond comp>ison ! f9e/ ev] modell$ by ,mi*elangelo4 ,! expression ( ! face is "o ( comm&+ p[] & almo/ fi]ce en]gy1 a face capable ( inspir+ t]ror r ?an love1 a v]itable embodim5t ( ! cruel1 uncompromis+ ,hebrew legislation4 ,! p[]ful1 massive =m is cle>ly app>5t b5ea? ! beautiful folds ( ! drap]ies1 = "h1 z 9 all ,mi*elangelo's clo!d figures1 :e!r 9 pa9t+ or 9 sculpture1 dress does n hide b almo/ enhances ! %ape & beauty ( ! body4 ,?is /atue alone1 exclaim$ ! ,c>d9al ( ,mantua1 :5 he saw ! f9i%$ "w1 is en\gh to hon\r ! memory ( ,pope ,julius4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,moses4 ,9 ! ,m$icean tombs ,mi*elangelo may be said to h equall$ if n surpass$ ! ma/]pieces ( anci5t sculpture4 ,we h select$ ! tomb ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici = our illu/ration1 z ! /atues :i* adorn x1 symboliz+ ,ev5+ & ,dawn1 al?\gh conceiv$ 9 ! same _s ( pr(\nd melan*oly1 are1 if possible1 ev5 m beautiful ?an ! ,day & ,night ( ,giuliano's tomb4 ,ev5+ is repres5t$ by an old man1 brood+ & deject$1 b h>dly less p[]ful & muscul> ?an ! giant ,day4 ,x is evid5t t he is n suff]+ f bodily fatigue1 b t he is s9k+ "u ! weight ( "s unbe>able1 irrem$iable calamity4 ,! virg9 ,dawn is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful female figure ( mod]n or ( anci5t art4 ,%e is repres5t$ z only half awake & almo/ unable to rise f h] c\*1 :ile !re is a sugge/ion ( ineffable bitt]ness 9 ! expression ( ! face ) its half-clos$ eyes we>ily greet+ ano!r day ( sorr[4 ,! p[]ful yet graceful limbs are magnific5tly modell$1 & ! :ole figure may be reg>d$ z ! p]fection ( ! female =m1 r$eem$ f any brea? ( s5suality by a comm&+ l(t9ess ( expression1 su* z ! ,greeks gave to ! /atues ( _! goddesses4 ,mi*elangelo's ,la/ ,judgm5t is a "w ( s colossal a nature t x w\ld be impossible to give ev5 a remote idea ( ! :ole composition 9 ?is unpret5ti\s little book4 ,we h !re=e select$ = our illu/ration ! c5tral gr\p repres5t+ ,*ri/ ! ,judge1 a dread figure en?ron$ on cl\ds1 ) h& uprais$ 9 an attitude ( /]n comm&1 surr\nd$ by ! ,bless$1 :o press r\nd ! ,son ( ,god ) eag]1 fright5$ looks & ge/ures1 z if h>dly secure ( _! f9al salvation 9 t t]rible day ( retribution1 cum vix ,ju/us sit securus4 ,ne/l+ timor\sly close to h] ,son1 half sitt+1 half cr\*+1 ) head av]t$1 z if to avoid see+ ! com+ wra?1 & arms cross$ on h] bosom1 is ! ,"m ( ,god1 a wond]fully sweet & pa!tic figure1 full ( pity & sorr[ = ! condemn$ s\ls1 & contra/+ /rangely ) ! inexorable ,judge ris+ 9 8 /]n maje/y to pron\nce s5t5ce on ! fright5$1 %udd]+ mass ( humanity4 ,! action ( ! ,judge1 & inde$ e "p ( ! composition1 =cibly rem9d u ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t 9 ! ,campo ,santo ( ,pisa1 b !re is n a figure or a detail 9 ! :ole ( ?is colossal "w :i* does n be> ! impr9t ( t p[]ful orig9ality & t wond]ful gift to express ! mo/ v>i$ emotion & to int]pret ! l(tie/ !mes1 :i* 7 ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( ,mi*elangelo's g5ius4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,*ief ,,works ,,au/ria-,,hung>y ,,vi5na1 ,,alb]t9a ,,gall]y4 ,sev]al draw+s & sket*es4 ,,belgium ,,bruges1 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,bavon4 ,m>ble gr\p ( ,virg9 & ,*ild4 7,execut$ at ,c>r>a 9 #aejf = two ,flemi% m]*ants47 ,,briti% ,,isles ,,london1 ,,national ,,gall]y4 ,no4 #gij1 ,entombm5t4 ,unf9i%$ pa9t+ on wood4 7,betwe5 #aeja-aejd47 ,,royal ,,academy1 ,,diploma ,,gall]y4 ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,tondo bas-relief 7#aeja-aejd74 ,,london1 ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,sev]al draw+s4 ,,ox=d1 ,,taylor ,,collection4 ,draw+s4 ,,france ,,p>is1 ,,l\vre4 ,two colossal /atues ( ,captives1 orig9ally int5d$ = ! tomb ( ,julius ,,ii4 7#aeac74 ,num]\s draw+s1 includ+ ,head ( ,faun4 ,,lille1 ,,mus,e ,,wic>4 ,draw+s4 ,,g]many ,,b]l9 ,,museum4 ,/atue ( y\?ful ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 7ab\t #adie74 ,,weim> ,,museum4 ,draw+s & /udies = ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,,holl& ,,ha>lem1 ,,teyl] ,,museum4 ,_m important draw+s4 ,,italy ,,bologna1 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,dom5ico4 ,/atue ( kneel+ ,angel 7#adid74 ,,flor5ce1 ,,accademia4 ,colossal /atue ( ,david 7#aeja-aejd74 ,/atue ( ,/4 ,mat!w 7unf9i%$74 ,,buon>roti ,,collection4 ,madonna & ,*ild 7bas-relief71 #adhi-adib4 ,fight betwe5 ,c5taurs & ,lapi?ae 7bas-relief71 #adhi-adib4 ,num]\s sket*es1 /udies1 ar*itectural draw+s & ?ree hundr$ autograph lett]s4 ,,duomo4 ,unf9i%$ gr\p repres5t+ ,! ,deposition f ! ,cross4 ,,museo ,,nazionale4 ,/atue ( ,bac*us 7execut$ 9 #adig = ,jacopo ,galli74 ,dy+ ,adonis 7#aeja-aejd74 ,apollo 7unf9i%$ /atue1 execut$ 9 #aecj = ,baccio ,valori74 ,victory 7gr\p int5d$ = ,julius ,,ii4's ,tomb1 #aeba74 ,bu/ ( ,brutus 7#aedd874 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,lor5zo4 ,m$icean ,tombs 7begun #aeba74 ,new ,sacri/y & ,libr>y ( ,san ,lor5zo4 ,,uffizi ,,gall]y4 ,! ,holy ,family 7tondo 9 oil-col\rs1 pa9t$ = ,angelo ,doni 9 #aejc74 ,num]\s draw+s1 includ+ ,! ,resurrection ( ,laz>us1 ,prud5ce1 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,,boboli ,,g>d5s4 ,f\r ,slaves 7unf9i%$ /atues74 ,,rome1 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s4 ,gr\p ( ,la ,piet 7#adii74 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,sopra ,,m9]va4 ,/atue ( ! ,savi\r 7#aeba74 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,pietro ,,9 ,,v9coli4 ,tomb ( ,julius ,,ii4 & /atue ( ,moses 7complet$ #aede74 ,,vatican1 ,,si/9e ,,*apel4 ,! ,creation & ,fall ( ,man 7#aejh-aeab74 ,frescos4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t 7#aece-aeda74 ,,paul9e ,,*apel4 ,! ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,frescoes 7#aedb-di74 ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,,*iswick ,,press3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4