,transcrib] ,note ,emphasis is display$ z ,italics & ,bold4 ,:ole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s z #abc-d_/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,manual ( ,face ,brick ,con/ruction ,illu/ration3 ,doorway ( ,face ,brick ,cottage1 ,*icago4 ,design$ by ,j4 ,s*ell] ,a ,,manual ( ,,face ,,brick ,,con/ruction ,a,f,b,a ,,use ,,face ,,brick --x ,pays ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association #aaj ,,s\? ,,de>born ,,/reet ,,*icago ,copyright #aibj by ,john ,h4 ,black = ,a4 ,f4 ,b4 ,a4 ,table ( ,cont5ts ,mod]n ,brickmak+ #g ,pre-em95t ,m]its ( ,face ,brick #i ,types ( ,face ,brick ,wall #ae ,putt+ 9 ,f\ndations #ag ,solid ,face ,brick ,con/ruction #ah ,face ,brick on ,holl[ ,tile ,con/ruction #be ,face ,brick ,v5e] ,con/ruction #bf ,special ,uses ( ,face ,brick #bi ,brick ,bonds #cc ,mort> ,jo9ts #ce ,increas+ ,fire ,protection #cg ,face ,brick ,h\se ,designs #dj ,useful ,tables & ,sugge/ions #ajd ,problems 9 ,e/imat+ ,quantities #ajg ,gloss>y ( ,usual ,t]ms 9 ,bricklay+ #aaj ,index & ,li/ ( ,illu/rations #aab ,memb]s ( ,association #aad ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,& ,,honorable ,,art ,,( ,,build+ ,no man has m reason to feel pride & satisfaction 9 8 art ?an ! build]4 ,f ! "t :5 m5 wove toge!r bran*es ( trees or pil$ up loose /ones & mud = %elt] to ! pres5t day1 :5 !y erect huge heav5-so>+ /ructures ( /eel to h\se a multitude1 ! build] has play$ a mo/ important "p 9 ! progress & developm5t ( human civilization4 ,fundam5tals ( ,build+ ,! old ,roman au?ority on ar*itecture1 ,vitruvius1 long ago laid d[n ! ?ree fundam5tals ( all good build+1 viz41 firmness1 utility1 & *>m4 ,9 work+ = firmness 7/r5g?1 durability7 & = utility 7s]viceabl5ess1 conv5i5ce71 ! build]1 we might say1 is an eng9e]2 9 seek+ to give *>m 7attractiv5ess1 beauty7 to 8 "w1 he is an arti/4 ,9 o!r words1 ! build] always has be=e him /ructural & arti/ic problems :i*1 aside f 8 wit 9 plann+ ! inn] conv5i5ces & s]viceabl5ess ( ! h\se1 dep5d l>gely ^u ! mat]ial he *ooses to "w 94 ,to :at ext5t does ?is mat]ial meet ! /ructural requirem5ts ( /r5g?1 p]man5ce1 durability1 & to :at ext5t ! arti/ic requirem5ts ( attractiv5ess1 *>m1 beauty1 are ! ma9 issues4 ,aim ( ,?is ,book ,?is book is meant n only to %[ h[ p]fectly brick1 z a build+ mat]ial1 meets all ( ^! requirem5ts1 b to s]ve z a ,manual = ! ma/] c>p5t] build] 9 (f]+ v>i\s designs & plans ( face brick h\ses1 & 9 po9t+ out ! practical me?ods ( con/ruct+ ei!r ! solid brick1 holl[ tile1 or v5e]$ wall4 ,9 fact1 ! book 9 _m ways w be ( use to ! mason :o w d\btless f9d 9 x helpful sugge/ions on ! application ( 8 craft to ! problems ( build+4 ,be=e giv+ briefly ! reasons = ! use ( face brick1 a ^w ab\t ! hi/ory ( brick & its manufacture may be ( int]e/4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,brick ,! manufacture & use ( brick g back to ! remote/ antiquity1 f> beyond ! e>lie/ record$ hi/ory1 :i* is suppos$ to be ab\t #c1hjj ,b4 ,c1 ! date ( a clay tablet assign$ to ! age ( ,s>gon ( ,akkad1 f\nd] ( ! ,*aldean dyna/y1 fully two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,babylonian ,orig9 ,naturally ! use ( brick orig9at$ :]e clay1 ( :i* !y are made1 0 abundant2 & !re is e reason to believe t ! brick indu/ry _h its beg9n+ 9 ! broad alluvial valley ( ! ,euphrates :i* is ! traditional cradle ( human civilization4 ,at any rate1 accord+ to "o au?ority1 good brick h be5 tak5 f excavations 9 old ,babylonia1 dat+ back to #d1ejj ,b4 ,c1 z good z ! day !y 7 made4 ,& ! same au?ority adds t brickmak+ 0 d\btless practic$ t5 ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,x 0 ,nature t gave ! h9t1 = ! sun h>d5$ ! mud along ! riv] bank & crack$ x into irregul> pieces :i* ! native c\ld utilize1 aft] %ap+ !m to ! desir$ size1 = pil+ up 9 ! walls ( 8 crude hut4 ,x 0 an easy /ep 9 advance to %ape ! mud be=eh& :ile s(t & lay x out 9 ! sun to bake4 ,?is produc$ :at we call adobe brick1 aft]w>ds greatly improv$ by mix+ *opp$ re$s or /raw ) ! s(t mud be=e bak+4 ,x w be rememb]$ h[ ! ,egyptian ,ph>aoh embitt]$ ! slav]y ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel by compell+ !m to f9d _! own /raw = ! brick !y 7 requir$ to make4 ,at a v e>ly date ! dwell]s 9 ! ,euphrates valley le>n$ to burn brick1 z indicat$ by ! biblical /ory ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel2 & by ! "t ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! great ,babylonian k+ 7#fjd-efb ,b4 ,c71 n only 7 well-burn$ brick made & us$ ext5sively1 b color$ enamels 7 successfully appli$ = decorative effects4 ,consid]able rema9s ( ?is anci5t brickwork are /ill f\nd1 al?\gh = _m c5turies ! ru9$ cities ( ! ,mesopotamian pla9 7 us$ z s\rces ( build+ mat]ial = ! m mod]n cities :i* h s9ce come into be+4 ,spread ( ! ,craft 9 ,antiquity ,f ! ,euphrates1 brickcraft spread ea/w>d to ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,*9a1 & we/w>d to ,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,rome4 ,! ,romans1 :o 7 ! great build]s ( anci5t times1 made v ext5sive use ( brick 9 _! imm5se build+ op]ations1 :]ev] good clay c\ld be f\nd4 ,f ! num]\s monum5ts ( ,roman brickwork t /ill rema91 ! brick are se5 to be ( an excell5t h>d-burn$ quality1 & g5]ally ( a l>ge1 flat1 ?9 rectangul> or triangul> =m4 ,brickwork 9 ! ,middle ,ages ,:5 ! nations ( ,europe took =m out ( ! ru9s ( ! ,roman ,empire1 !y inh]it$ among o!r arts t ( mak+ brick1 & subsequ5tly c>ri$ x to a high] /ate ( developm5t1 especially 9 c\ntries su* z ,nor!rn ,italy1 ,s\!rn ,france1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ,nor!rn ,g]many1 :]e ! abs5ce ( good build+ /one gave a natural impulse to brickmak+4 ,9 ! great ,go?ic epo* ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 brick enjoy$ a wide vogue & 0 freely & effectively us$ 9 ! be/ types ( build+ su* z city halls1 great *ur*es1 palaces1 & mansions ( ! weal?y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,man return+ aft] c>ry+ ! bricks4 ,figs4 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ac4 ,digg+ & mix+ ! clay or mud4 ,fig4 #af4 ,fet*+ wat] f tank 7h74 ,figs4 #c1 #f4 ,taskma/]s4 ,figs4 #d1 #e4 ,m5 c>ry+ bricks4 ,figs4 #h1 #ad4 ,mak+ bricks ) a wood5 mold1 d1 k4 ,at e ! bricks 7tobi7 are said to be made at ,!bes4 ,=eign captives employ$ 9 mak+ bricks at ,!bes4 ,f ,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,egyptians ,illu/ration3 ,brickwork 9 old ,p]sian ,tomb at ,ardebil ,9 ,engl& ,! use ( brick 9 ,engl& began ) ! ,romans 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( our era1 b native brickmak+ does n appe> until well aft] ! days ( ,magna ,*>ta4 ,9 ,h5ry ,,viii's "t1 ,engli% brickmak+1 probably "u ,flemi% influ5ce1 0 greatly develop$4 ,b x 0 n until ! days ( ,que5 ,anne & ! ,georges1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 t brick build+ rea*$ its greate/ vogue1 s mu* s t brick ne>ly drove out all o!r mat]ials4 ,?is p]iod acc\nts = ^? f9e old c\ntry h\ses s repres5tative ( sub/antial com=t & dignity1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 :i* delight ! eye ( ! travel] today4 ,& ev] s9ce t "t ,engli% build]s h ma9ta9$ a f9e s5se ( ! ar*itectural values 9 s\nd & beautiful brickwork1 z may be se5 9 _m spl5did examples ( mod]n con/ruction4 ,! ,use ( ,brick 9 ,am]ica ,9 ,am]ica1 aside f ! adobe con/ruction :i* ! ,spani% f\nd 9 ,mexico & ,p]u1 ! fir/ brick 7 br\ght ov] f ,engl& or ,holl&4 ,! native indu/ry1 h[ev]1 _h an e>ly />t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 s t ! ,colonial times saw _m f9e specim5s ( brick build+ f ,new ,engl& to ,virg9ia4 ,9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 up to ab\t #ahhj1 !re 0 no g5]al attempt to use brick to ! be/ advantage4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! brick build+ ( t p]iod 0 conf9$ to ! use ( common brick = ord9>y con/ruction or = back+ /one-fac$ walls4 ,f t date1 h[ev]1 to ! pres5t1 a gr[+ ta/e has dem&$ & secur$ arti/ic effects 9 ! brick wall by ! use ( specially manufactur$ face brick :i*1 9 a bewild]+ v>iety ( beautiful color tones & textures1 h be5 sympa!tically & arti/ically treat$ by our lead+ ar*itects1 z may be se5 all ov] our c\ntry4 ,,mod]n ,,brick ,,mak+ ,x is a long cry f ! primitive me?od ( mix+ & mold+ brick by h& & dry+ !m 9 ! sun1 to ! mod]n te*nical me?ods & p[] ma*9]y us$ by ! ,am]ican manufactur]4 ,det]m9$ by ! k9d ( mat]ial1 :e!r surface clay1 fire clay or %ale1 & ! k9d ( brick want$1 !re are ?ree *ief me?ods ( manufacture1 slop-mold1 wire-cut1 & dry-press4 ,by ! fir/ me?od1 ! clay1 9 a s(t condition1 is press$ by ! ma*9e into molds :i* h be5 flu%$ ) wat]--h5ce ! t]m slop-mold--or spr9kl$ ) s&1 9 :i* case ! brick are call$ s&-mold4 ,by ! second me?od1 ! clay or %ale is gr\nd & temp]$ into ! consi/5cy ( a /iff mud :i* is =c$ by an aug] ma*9e ?r\gh a die1 9 ! =m ( a /iff mud ribbon1 hav+ ! cross section ( a brick4 ,?is /iff mud ribbon is c>ri$ by a belt to a /eel table "u a s]ies ( piano wires /rung on a frame :i* is revolv$ by ! ma*9e at prop] int]vals1 cutt+ ! clay ribbon into ! desir$ sizes4 ,^! /iff mud ma*9es w turn out z _m z #ajj1jjj face brick a day1 & 9 "s common brick plants !y are built = a #bej1jjj to #cjj1jjj daily output4 ,! dry-press me?od r$uces ! clay to a f9e granul> =m :i* is !n1 9 ne>ly a dry condition1 =c$ "u imm5se pressure into ! prop] siz$ molds4 ,! brick z !y come f ! ma*9es are kn[n z gre5 & require1 except 9 ! case ( ! be/ dry-press brick1 a c]ta9 p]iod ( dry+ be=e be+ set 9 ! kilns :]e1 = f five to t5 days1 dep5d+ on ! quality ( ! w>e & ! g5]al conditions1 !y are subject$ to a process ( burn+ be=e !y are ready to be built into ! wall4 ,burn+ ! ,brick ,?is process ( burn+ passes ?r\gh ?ree ma9 /ages :i* require v skillful att5tion on ! "p ( ! burn]4 ,fir/1 ! wat] *emically comb9$ ) ! mat]ial mu/ be driv5 (f2 !n ! v>i\s impurities ( ! clay mu/ be burnt out or oxidiz$2 & f9ally1 ! w>e1 except 9 case ( fire clays1 mu/ be br\ght to ! po9t ( incipi5t vitrification4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole process !re is dang] ( di/ortion or discoloration 9 ! w>e unless ! fires are skilfully h&l$4 ,prop]ly done1 ! brick come out ( ! kiln 9 _! beautiful1 natural colors1 due to ! con/itution ( ! clay or ! v>i\s metallic oxides conta9$ 9 x4 ,to enhance ^! effects1 diff]5t clays are sometimes mix$ 9 go+ ?r\gh ! ma*9es1 c]ta9 ores may be add$ to modify ! color1 ! brick surfaces may be scor$ 9 v>i\s ways1 or ! w>e may be set 9 ! kiln s z to avoid or get ! fla% ( ! fire4 ,s t :5 y specify a f9e face brick1 y are gett+ a product :i* ,nature has tak5 long to create & to :i* man has devot$ 8 be/ sci5tific k & inv5tive art4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,philadelphia ,c>p5t]s us$ ,brick ,two ,c5turies ,ago ,a ,wide ,*oice ,(f]$ ,! ,am]ican manufactur] ( face brick has f> out/ripp$ ! re/ ( ! _w 9 ! wide range ( color tones & textures he (f]s4 ,s t ! prospective build] has be=e him ! possibility ( giv+ to ! ext]ior wall surface an endur+ color s*eme ( mono*rome uni=mity or poly*rome bl5d+1 z 8 ta/e may dictate4 ,! :ole sweep ( color1 9 smoo? or r\gh textures1 is at 8 comm& f ! pure1 sev]e tones ( pe>l grays or creams1 ?r\gh buff1 gold51 & bronze t9ts to a desc5d+ scale ( r$s1 d[n to purples1 m>oons1 & ev5 gun metal blacks4 ,?us1 in/ead ( build+ = y\r cli5t a h\se ( a dull1 insub/antial1 unattractive appe>ance1 y c1 by ! use ( face brick1 build a sub/antial1 endur+ h\se t pres5ts to ! eye a v]itable symphony 9 color1 at once a satisfaction to y\rself z well z to him1 & a cause ( appreciative rem>k by 8 neighbors or ! casual pass]sby4 ,x w always /& to ! cr$it ( y\r art z a build]4 ,gr[+ ,dem& = ,brick ,h\ses ,y repres5t ! be/ "w t c be done 9 y\r community4 ,p come to y :5 !y want to build because !y "k y z an able design] & "o capable n only ( giv+ !m s\nd advice b ( c>ry+ ! "w ?r\gh to a successful t]m9ation4 ,:y !n conf9e y\rself to "o type ( build+ su* z frame or /ucco8 ,m & m p are go+ to ask y ab\t a brick h\se1 & = v good reasons :i* we int5d %ortly to give y4 ,:y n tell !m y c build a brick h\se z easily z y c "o ( frame or /ucco2 & :at is m1 :y n tell !m ! fact1 viz41 t x is a bett] h\se 9 e way1 saf]1 m endur+1 m com=table1 m attractive1 & 9 ! end m economical6 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,resid5ce1 ,canton1 ,ohio4 ,james ,buehl1 ,ar*itect ,enl>ge ,y\r ,field z a ,build] ,y w ?us greatly enl>ge y\r field ( action1 increase y\r pr(its1 & ga9 a mu* high] /&+ 9 ! community z an all-ar\nd build]4 ,if y hesitate ab\t tak+ up build+ 9 brick1 x is d\btless because y %>e ! common errone\s belief t x co/s y\r cli5t too mu*1 or because y ?9k x outside ( y\r build+ practice1 pres5t+ difficulties y d n c>e to face4 ,b we are v sure t a c>eful read+ ( ?is ,manual w conv9ce y ( ! pre-em95t value ( ! face brick h\se = y\r cli5t1 & ( y\r complete compet5ce to build x = him4 ,:at ,y ,owe to ! ,community ,!n we want y to read ?is ,manual because1 z a citiz51 y owe some?+ to ! community 9 :i* y live4 ,& z a build] y c dis*>ge t obligation 9 no bett] way ?an 9 build+ m endur+ & m beautiful h\ses1 z y c by build+ 9 brick4 ,by do+ s1 y\r divid5ds w be n only 9 mat]ial rew>ds b 9 a high] /&+ among y\r fell[ citiz5s4 ,y owe x to y\rself to make ! mo/ ( y\r noble craft & ?us take ! place 9 ! community to :i* x entitles y4 ,,pre-,,em95t ,,m]its ,,( ,,face ,,brick ,! mat]ial y put into ! walls ( a h\se %\ld1 z ,vitruvius said1 always h /ructural & arti/ic m]it4 ,face brick h bo? 9 a /rik+ measure1 & 9 consequ5ce c %[ ! /ronge/ economic & p]sonal reasons :y !y %\ld be us$4 ,/ructural ,m]its ( ,face ,brick ,/ructurally1 bricks are a mat]ial easy to h&le & :5 laid 9 ! wall endure ! heavie/ pressures & /ra9s4 ,h>d5$ & matur$ 9 fire1 !y resi/ ! ravages ( flame4 ,exam9e ! sc5e ( any conflagration = evid5ce4 ,nor w !y corrode or decay ) ! pass+ ( "t1 z rema9s ( anci5t brickwork abundantly prove4 ,arti/ic ,m]its ( ,face ,brick ,arti/ically consid]$1 face brick excel all o!r mat]ials4 ,ev5 a well-burn$1 select$ common brick1 ) prop] bond treatm5t & mort> color1 may be made attractive1 b ! endless v>iety ( color tones & textures f\nd 9 face brick give to ! arti/ic s5se ( ! build] an unlimit$ *oice4 ,?is v>iety is su* t ! mo/ div]se ta/es may be met 9 uni=m %ades or1 pref]ably1 9 bl5d$ tones ( ! mo/ delicate & *>m+ effects4 ,no o!r build+ mat]ial c approa* face brick 9 ! possibility ( color s*emes = ! wall surface1 ei!r )9 or )\t--& ! colors la/1 = !y are an integral "p ( ! endur+ brick4 ,illu/ration3 ,glimpse ( an ,attractive ,*icago ,face ,brick ,cottage ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,resid5ce1 ,*icago4 ,l4 ,j4 ,bat*eld]1 ,ar*itect ,effect ( ,bond & ,mort> ,jo9t ,b ?is is n all !re is to be said on ! arti/ic side by any means4 ,! /ructural necessity ( bond+ ! brick makes possible any numb] ( beautiful bond & patt]n effects1 z illu/rat$ on pages #cc-ce2 & ! k9d ( mort> jo9t1 /ruck1 cut flu%1 tool$1 or rak$ 7,fig4 #eg71 prop]ly ton$ ) a color to h>monize ) ! brick1 produces ! mo/ *>m+ results :i*1 9 sun%9e or %ad[1 give ev] v>y+ arti/ic effects4 ,9 ! beauty ( brickwork1 y h a great opportunity to ar\se & hold ! int]e/ ( y\r possible cli5ts4 ,on t basis alone y c make a /rong appeal 9 (f]+ y\r s]vices4 ,economic ,m]its ,b p]haps ! /ronge/ appeal y c make is bas$ on :at naturally gr[s out ( ! /r5g? & beauty ( good brickwork1 & t is real economy4 ,b don't be deceiv$ by ! sup]ficial error ( initial co/4 ,a #d4jj pair ( %oes are *eap] ?an a #e4jj pair1 x is true1 b if ! #e4jj pair fit bett]1 look bett]1 & we> twice z long1 ! #d4jj pair are de>]1 & y w\ld lose n only 9 money b 9 p]sonal satisfaction by gett+ !m4 ,real economy w\ld lead y to buy ! #e4jj pair4 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,bungal[1 ,nor? ,evan/on1 ,ill4 ,rob]t ,e4 ,seyf>?1 ,ar*itect ,! ,importance ( ,build+ a ,home ,mu* m is ?is pr9ciple true 9 build+ a h\se4 ,x is a v important und]tak+ = e man1 = x involves consid]able outlay ( money & intimately conc]ns 8 com=t & welf>e = a long p]iod ( ye>s4 ,a man r>ely builds m ?an "o h\se 9 8 life-"t1 s t x is a s]i\s matt] to make a mi/ake1--he w always regret x4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 he builds1 he wants to avoid fool+ himself1 z he does1 if he builds wrong2 he wants to build "r at ! v />t4 ,?is is :at he c]ta9ly c d by build+ ) brick4 ,= out ( ! /ructural /r5g? & arti/ic beauty ( brick he ga9s advantages t make x ! mo/ economical inve/m5t 9 ! end4 ,upkeep or ,ma9t5ance ,take ! items z !y come1 9 _! effect ^u ! value ( ! h\se4 ,fir/1 !re is upkeep4 ,s f> z brick ent] into ! con/ruction ( a h\se1 x requires practically no ma9t5ance4 ,y d n h to pat*1 repair1 or pa9t a brick wall1--x we>s4 ,x is z s\nd 9 tw5ty-five ye>s z ! day x 0 built1 & ev5 m attractive4 ,figure up ! pa9t bill = a frame h\se 9 t5 ye>s1 !n add ! v>i\s little repairs necessitat$ by ! %r9k+1 crack+1 & decay+ ( wood expos$ to ! wea!r1 & y h a neat little bill ( upkeep1 = ! frame h\se1 :i* is exactly no?+ = brick4 ,depreciation ,next consid] depreciation :i* is a sep>ate item f ma9t5ance or upkeep1 & is practically nil 9 ! case ( ! brick h\se4 ,appraisal eng9e]s h e/imat$ x1 = ! brick h\se1 at only "o p] c5t a ye>1 beg9n+ aft] ! fir/ five ye>s4 ,& ! "o p] c5t 9 reality %\ld apply only to su* portions ( ! build+ z are subject to we>1 z f9i%$ floors1 plumb+1 h>dw>e1 ro(s1 & ! l4 ,approximately #fj p] c5t ( a well built brick h\se does n depreciate at all ?r\gh a long p]iod ( ye>s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a frame h\se1 accord+ to ! same au?orities1 beg9s to depreciate f ! day x is f9i%$ at f #b to #c p] c5t annually4 ,at ! l[e/ e/imate ( #b p] c5t a #f1ejj frame h\se w\ld depreciate #acj a ye> or #a1cjj 9 t5 ye>s4 ,a simil> h\se ( brick1 wor? let u say #g1jjj1 w\ld depreciate1 all[+ ! full "o p] c5t1 #gj a ye> f ! fif? ye> on1 or #cej 9 t5 ye>s4 ,t is1 :5 y add to ! #cej depreciation ! #ejj excess co/ ( ! brick h\se1 ! result+ #hej is /ill less by #dej ?an ! depreciation alone on ! frame h\se4 ,! we> & te> ( "t d n all[ u to get away f ^! facts4 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,bank ,build+1 ,detroit4 ,geo4 ,m4 ,l9dsey ,co41 ,ar*itects ,sav+ on ,insurance ,rates ,fur!rmore1 !re is ! matt] ( fire insurance1 n a l>ge "o1 b gr[+ 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s to an appreciable sum4 ,! reason = bett] insurance rates on ! brick h\se is "o t makes ! /ronge/ appeal to a man1 & t is1 safety f ! fe> & fact ( fire1 protection = himself & family f a ju/ly dread$ mis=tune4 ,act+ on ?is reason1 ! insurance company w put f #ai to #cg p] c5t high] rate on a frame or /ucco ?an on a brick h\se4 ,besides1 y c c>ry #bj p] c5t less insurance on ! m sub/antial /ructure4 ,com=t & ,heal? ,aga9 ! build] mu/ consid] ! "q ( com=t & heal?4 ,an #h-;in* furr$ brick wall w require less coal to keep ! h\se w>m ?an 9 case ( frame4 ,?is sav+1 h[ev]1 is n ne>ly z important z uni=m com=t :i*1 especially 9 w9t]1 has a vital be>+ on ! heal? & welf>e ( ! family1 m p>ticul>ly z x affects v "y or delicate *ildr5 & old p1 or ev5 ! /rong :o may1 = ! "t be+1 be indispos$4 ,! man :o builds a good brick h\se saves on 8 coal & doctor bills4 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,bungal[1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,j4 ,r4 ,/one1 ,ar*itect ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,public ,libr>y1 ,coatsville1 ,ind4 ,graham ,hill1 ,ar*itects ,economic ,value ( ,beauty ,b if ! brick h\se1 because ( its /ructural m]its1 is m economical on ! score ( upkeep1 depreciation1 insurance rate1 com=t & heal?1 x has a money value because ( its arti/ic appe>ance4 ,! sub/antial & attractive appe>ance ( a face brick h\se makes ! same appeal to ev]ybody else z x did to ! own] :5 he built x1 s t if he desires1 he c borr[ m money on x1 or if he mu/1 c sell or r5t x to bett] advantage4 ,beauty has a real economic value4 ,s5tim5tal ,value an ,asset ,f9ally1 !re is a s5tim5tal value 9 own+ ! bett] h\se :i* c't be put 9 t]ms ( money b is1 nev]!less1 real 9 t]ms ( p]sonal satisfaction4 ,e man feels a c]ta9 ju/ifiable pride 9 8 home if he kn[s t o!rs admire x4 ,?is ex]ts an unconsci\s influ5ce on him & raises 8 s5se ( self-respect4 ,besides1 z a good citiz51 a man %\ld make 8 home z attractive z possible1 n simply 9 ! way ( do+ 8 %>e to improve 8 neighborhood1 b z %[+ :at he & 8 family /& = be=e ! community1 ! s\nde/ & be/ ?+s4 ,tak+ x all 9 all1 y c tell y\r cli5ts t 9 build+ a face brick h\se1 !y get m completely ?an 9 case ( any o!r mat]ial ! /ructural values ( p]man5ce1 fire-safety1 com=t & heal?1 & ! arti/ic value ( beauty1 out ( :i* foll[ a real economy & a g5u9e p]sonal satisfaction4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! facts ab\t ! real economy ( a face brick h\se8 ,to beg9 )1 we frankly admit &1 9 fact1 ass]t t su* a h\se co/s m ?an ! less sub/antial frame or /ucco h\se1--z x ought1 because x is wor? m4 ,x we>s bett]1 x looks bett]1 x sells & r5ts bett]4 ,y c nev] get some?+ = no?+4 ,y h to pay = x4 ,b :at we c %[ f actual figures is t ! face brick h\se at ! />t co/s only a little m ?an ! frame or /ucco h\se & 9 ! end1 :5 all ! bills are paid1 co/s mu* less4 ,x is a "q ( initial & f9al co/4 ,let u fir/ look at ! initial co/4 ,! ,te/ ( ,figures ,! accompany+ table gives ! results ( actual figures obta9$ dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s f all p>ts ( our c\ntry by face brick manufactur]s4 ,z ! prices ( mat]ial h *ang$ greatly1 dur+ ! p]iod 9 "q1 ! p]c5tages ( diff]5ce w prove to be ! only in/ructive figures1 & are calculat$ on ! total co/s ( ! h\ses4 ,! bids = #aiai we h 9 our files = ref]5ce & we are ready to %[ !m to any int]e/$ p]son4 ,z frame con/ruction is g5]ally ! l[e/1 we take x z ! base ( comp>ison & give ! p]c5tage 9 excess ov] frame = 7#a7 a solid1 #h-;in* brick wall1 or face brick on common brick back+2 7#b7 a brick v5e] wall1 or face brick 9 place ( clapbo>ds or %+les on frame2 7#c7 a face brick on holl[ tile wall1 #h in*es ?ick2 & 7#d7 a /ucco on frame wall4 ,a mod]ate siz$ #g-room dwell+ is us$ z a typical example & is ! same 9 e respect1 except ! ext]ior wall con/ruction4 ,fir/ class face brick are us$ & ! solid wall is furr$4 ,table ( ,p]c5tage ,diff]5ces #a #b #c #d ,ye> ,frame ,brick ,v5e] ,tile ,/ucco ---- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ #aiaj #j4j #i4a #f4i #aj4g #b4i #aiac #j4j #h4a #e4i 44444 #d4j #aiae #j4j #f4i #d4i 44444 #a4f #aiai #j4j #e4a #d4d #f4e #j4a ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,/ore ,front1 ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 ,w4 ,m4 ,c4 ,we/on1 ,ar*itect ,^! figures repres5t f n9e to tw5ty-two bids 9 ea* case1 on :i* ! av]age is giv54 ,diff]5t contractors 9 ! same place & diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry sometimes %[ consid]able div]g5ce1 b 9 view ( ! wide t]ritory f :i* ^! bids h be5 ga!r$ & ! "t cov]$1 ! av]ages may be tak5 z indicative ( ab\t ! con/ant p]c5tage ( diff]5ce 9 initial co/4 ,! ,face ,brick ,h\se ,saves ,money ,x %\ld be not$1 9 ! case ( ! #h-;in* solid brick wall & ! brick on tile wall1 t !y are bo? ov] two in*es ?ick] ?an ! frame or /ucco wall4 ,b tak+ ! #h-;in* face brick solid1 or holl[ tile1 wall z a fair comp>ison ) frame & /ucco1 y c readily calculate :at y really save by pay+ a little m at ! />t = ! m sub/antial con/ruction4 ,rev]t+ to ! economies ( ! face brick h\se y w f9d t ! ma9t5ance & depreciation items alone on ! frame con/ruction w1 9 a v few ye>s1 entirely wipe out ! #e or #f p] c5t excess initial co/ ( ! brick1 to say no?+ ( all ! o!r items t g to make y\r face brick home all ! "t an inve/m5t ( a p]man5t & remun]ative value4 ,?us1 a #g1jjj frame h\se w\ld mean1 figur+ excess co/ at #f p] c5t1 a #g1dbj face brick h\se4 ,depreciation at ! l[e/ e/imate ( #b p] c5t annually on ! frame 9 five ye>s w\ld be #gjj2 add to ?is a repa9t+ bill ( #bej & y h a total ( #iej4 ,= ! five ye>s "u consid]ation !re w\ld be no depreciation at all to be calculat$ on ! brick h\se1 b a repa9t+ bill ( ab\t #che = doors1 w9d[s1 & outside trim w\ld h to be *>g$ up4 ,?is means t ! diff]5ce ( #chfe betwe5 frame & brick upkeep or ma9t5ance cov]s1 9 five ye>s1 m ?an twice ! #dbj excess initial co/ ( ! brick4 ,y may well sugge/ to y\r cli5t t to be p5ny wise & p\nd fooli% 9 build+ a home looks l an inexcusable folly4 ,z y are 8 tru/$ advis] 9 all su* important matt]s1 y c n avoid y\r obligation ( giv+ him ! advice be/ suit$ to 8 int]e/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,prim>y ,s*ool1 ,highl& ,p>k4 ,holmes ,flynn1 ,ar*itects ,lumb] ,ent]s into ! ,problem ,please note 9 ! figures ( ! table ! decid$ t5d5cy t[>d a dim9i%$ diff]5ce ( p]c5tages4 ,! probable explanation is ! ris+ price ( lumb] :i* has1 f all acc\nts1 by no means rea*$ its cre/1 & :i* is =c$ by ! trem5d\s dem& n[ be+ made = t mat]ial 9 ! _w m>kets4 ,lumb] is "o ( ^? /aples ( su* wide & v>i$ use t x is well to consid] s]i\sly its cons]vation1 bo? 9 gu>d+ its supply & 9 ma9ta9+ a reasonable price4 ,we are all int]e/$1 = ev]ybody at "o "t or ano!r uses "s =m ( lumb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,/ore ,front1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,pre/on ,j4 ,brad%aw1 ,ar*itect ,ne$ ( ,sav+ ,lumb] ,h[ev] wide & v>i$ ! normal use ( lumb] may be1 x is at ! pres5t "t1 due to ! conditions 9 :i* ! great w> has left u1 subject to abnormally excessive dem&s & w be = a p]iod ( ye>s to come4 ,:5 y consid] t ev5 9 firepro( homes built ( concrete1 /one1 or brick1 lumb] be>s f #bj to #be p] c5t ( ! co/ ( ! build+1 & t n[ #hj p] c5t ( ! h\ses 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are built entirely ( wood1 y c easily guess :y s mu* us$ to be said1 ev5 9 pre-w> times1 ab\t ! disappe>ance ( our =e/s & ! advanc+ prices ( lumb]4 ,! ,wa/es ( ,w> ,b picture :at ! w> has done1 & its inevitable effect ^u ! dem& = lumb]4 ,accord+ to a compreh5sive report on ! ,direct & ,indirect ,co/s ( ! ,w> rec5tly issu$ 7,novemb]1 #aiai7 by ! ,c>negie ,end[m5t = ,int]national ,peace1 ! direct co/ to ! w>r+ nations am\nts to #ahf billions1 ( :i* ! prop]ty loss on l& 0 ?irty billions & on sea sev5 billions4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ =ty-five billions z loss ( production4 ,t is1 n only 7 va/ am\nts ( prop]ty de/roy$1 b ! normal supply 0 greatly l[]$4 ,take ! matt] ( h\ses alone1 n only 7 great numb]s ( !m de/roy$ 9 ! w>r+ zones1 b nei!r c\ld !y be replac$1 nor c\ld ! new h\ses be built :i* 7 normally requir$ by ! community4 ,=tunately = u 9 ,am]ica ! w> de/roy$ no prop]ty1 b = a p]iod ( two ye>s x prev5t$ normal build+ to ! ext5t ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( h\ses4 ,z a consequ5ce1 9 ,europe all ! wa/e places mu/ be rebuilt &1 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica1 new h\ses 9 great numb]s mu/ be erect$ to cat* up ) normal requirem5ts4 ,!re is a h\se fam9e ! _w ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,attractive ,small ,face ,brick ,h\se1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,?os4 ,a4 ,fi%]1 ,design] ,! ,lumb] ,burd5 ( ,am]ica ,:]e is all ! ne$$ lumb] s lavi%ly us$ 9 build+ to come f8 ,! av]age normal supply w\ld n be suffici5t & ! supply _c be increas$ = a p]iod ( ye>s simply because ,russia1 :i* normally supplies #ej p] c5t ( ! lumb] = ! ,european m>kets1 has fall5 into su* indu/rial *aos1 & ne$s s mu* mat]ial = h] own recon/ruction t1 accord+ to "o au?ority1 %e w n be able to export lumb] aga9 be=e #aibb or #aibc4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ! burd5 ( supply+ lumb] to ! _w m>ket at ! pres5t "t w fall ^u ,am]ica4 ,! effect ^u prices1 z well z ^u quality ( product1 w be inevitable4 ,! excessive dem& w n only compel injuri\s d5udation ( our =e/ l&s1 b w m & m =ce ! cutt+ ( inf]ior timb]4 ,h[ to ,save ,lumb] ,9 view ( su* conditions !re is urg5t ne$ ( cons]v+ our lumb] supply by e available means1 ! simple/ & mo/ direct ( :i* is to conf9e lumb] /rictly to its legitimate uses or1 at any rate1 n use x :]e m fitt+ mat]ials are at h&4 ,take ! abnormal dem& pressure (f lumb] 9 e possible way1 & we r$uce ! dang] ( a lumb] fam9e t ?reat5s u = "s ye>s to come4 ,?us1 lumb] %\ld n be us$ 9 ! ext]ior walls ( a h\se1 :]e x is expos$ to ! vicissitudes ( ! wea!r or to ! trial ( fire1 especially :5 build+ mat]ial su* z brick1 :i* is ne>ly z *eap1 & consid]+ its durability & fire-safety1 f> m economical1 is ev]y:]e 9 evid5ce4 ,lumb] has its v legitimate & v>i$ uses1 b among !m is n outside "w :]e w9d & ra9 & fro/ & fire se>* out its weaknesses4 ,9 view ( its v nature & ! great v>iety ( its prop] uses1 x %\ld nev] displace ! ext]ior masonry wall1 :i* 9 /one1 tile1 or brick makes ! mo/ secure & endur+ /ructure4 ,if ! #hj p] c5t ( build+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 n[ done ( frame1 7 put into brick1 or o!r durable & fire-resi/ive mat]ials1 x w\ld result 9 a great economic national ga91 p w\ld h bett] & m sub/antial h\ses1 & ! lumb] :i* ev]ybody ne$s w\ld be cons]v$ = ! legitimate uses to :i* x is admirably adapt$4 ,,types ,,( ,,face ,,brick ,,wall ,!re are ?ree possible ways ( us+ face brick 9 build+ a wall1 det]m9$ by ! back+ up mat]ial employ$1 ea* ( :i* w be giv5 special att5tion 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,sid5ote3 ,solid ,brick ,fir/1 !re is ! solid brick wall1 consi/+ ( face brick ) a common brick back+4 ,( ! /r5g?1 p]man5ce1 & /ructural value ( ?is con/ruction !re c be no "q4 ,objection is sometimes made to its co/ b1 9 view ( ! facts we give lat]1 ?is objection loses its =ce & proves to be a claim ( actual economy4 ,! only o!r objection he>d is t ( ! dampness ( ! wall4 ,?is comes f "o or bo? ( two causes1 p]vi\s mort> jo9ts1 or sweat+ due to cond5sation ( int]ior moi/ure on ! cool$ wall4 ,ei!r condition may be completely ov]come by furr+ ! int]ior wall surface1 a me?od recomm5d$ 9 ?is ,manual1 & provid$ = 9 ! plans (f]$4 ,! furr+ provides an air space t insulates aga9/ dampness & cold4 ,) ?is furr+1 ! o!r me?ods1 sometimes employ$1 ( mix+ s-call$ wat]pro(+ mat]ial ) ! mort> or ( us+ colorless liquid wat]pro(+ on ! surface ( ! brickwork are n necess>y4 ,ev5 ! furr+1 9 c]ta9 climatic conditions z prov$ out by local exp]i5ce & practice1 is n ne$$4 ,b 9 any case1 x mu/ always be se5 t all ! ext]ior jo9ts ( ! wall1 especially ! head or v]tical jo9ts1 are solidly fill$ ) mort>4 ,! possibility ( effloresc5ce1 :i* occasionally appe>s on ! surface ( ! brick :5 ! outside ( ! wall has be5 subject$ to excessive moi/ure1 may be prev5t$ to a great ext5t by avoid+ su* l$ges & projections 9 con/ruction z p]mit ! soak+ ( wat] into ! surface ( ! brick "w4 ,see ,gloss>y1 page #aaj4 ,sid5ote3 ,holl[ ,tile ,back+ ,secondly1 ! face brick wall may be built by us+ holl[ tile 9 place ( common brick = back+4 ,?is wall1 l t ( solid brick1 be+ all ( burnt clay1 has ! advantage ( be+ fire-resi/ive1 al?\gh insurance rates are n always z favorable because1 9 case ( fire1 ! salvage is n z l>ge z ) ! solid wall4 ,"s build]s pref] ?is type ( wall1 claim+ t x is less exp5sive to build & t ! holl[ dead air spaces act z a heat insulation1 giv+ a dri] & w>m] wall4 ,on ^! po9ts we h no means ( =m+ a def9ite1 f9al op9ion4 ,y\r be/ plan w\ld be to consult bo? ! common brick & holl[ tile p s z to =m a judgm5t ( y\r own on ! subject4 ,ei!r wall is s\nd con/ruction & w give y entire satisfaction4 ,sid5ote3 ,face ,brick ,v5e] ,! ?ird type ( wall1 kn[n z v5e]1 is simply ! application ( face brick to ! wood5 fram+ ( a frame h\se1 9 place ( ! clapbo>ds or %+les4 ,al?\gh1 z a sub/antial or a fire re/rictive wall ?is type is n equal to solid brick or holl[ tile1 x has its fri5ds among build]s1 l>gely on ! score ( local cu/om1 famili>ity1 spe$ ( con/ruction1 & co/4 ,:at x has to recomm5d x is ! fact t 9 out] appe>ance & value x is a brick h\se1 & 9 reality a big /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,b :i*ev] type ( wall y build1 x is ! face brick t gives to x "*1 di/9ction1 class1 all ( :i* means n only deep p]sonal satisfaction to ! own]1 b real money 9 high] r5tal or sales value1 f> 9 excess ( ! initial co/ ( ! face brick ov] poor] & less attractive mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,face ,brick ,bungal[1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,leila ,ross ,wilburn1 ,ar*itect ,sid5ote3 ,weakness ( ,frame ,take ! frame wall4 ,:]e x is expos$ to ! wea!r1 x %r9ks1 decays1 & depreciates1 requir+ repeat$ pa9t+s & repairs4 ,n[ sub/itute1 at an add$ co/ ( only #d or #e p] c5t1 a f9e face brick = ! drop sid+ & at once !re is practically cut out pa9t+1 repairs1 & depreciation4 ,! brick v5e] has surr\nd$ ! h\se ) a solid1 monoli?ic1 p]man5t1 w9dpro(1 %ell ( firepro( mat]ial1 s t 9 consequ5ce ! own] has on ! ext]ior1 to all int5ts & purposes1 ! /r5g? & beauty ( a face brick h\se4 ,besides 8 own p]sonal satisfaction1 he has add$ _m times m ?an #d or #e p] c5t to ! m>ket value ( 8 prop]ty4 ,or1 suppose y\r cli5t has an old frame h\se t is built on a good plan1 b outw>dly gr[n dilapidat$ 9 appe>ance & h>d to r5t or sell4 ,induce him to v5e] x ) an attractive face brick1 z we expla9 on a lat] page1 & = e doll> he puts 9 he w get two out4 ,sid5ote3 ,weakness ( ,/ucco ,!n take holl[ tile wall con/ruction & comp>e ! value ( x f9i%$ ) /ucco or ) face brick4 ,! face brick w co/ f #b to #c p] c5t m on ! co/ ( ! h\se1 b :at w x give ! own] 9 we>1 appe>ance1 & solidity ( con/ruction6 ,if y /ucco holl[ tile ! int]ior face ( ! wall 9 mo/ cases mu/ be furr$4 ,if y use face brick1 n only additional solidity & /r5g? are add$ to ! wall b if1 z we recomm5d ?r\gh\t ?is ,manual1 an air space is left betwe5 brick & tile1 ! inside furr+ is n ne$$4 ,besides1 /ucco is apt to /a91 crack1 or1 9 damp climates ) freez+ wea!r1 peel (f 9 spots1 pres5t+ an unsightly appe>ance4 ,y c assure y\r cli5t1 :o is debat+ betwe5 /ucco & face brick1 t ye>s ( usage w prove ! brick surface to be bo? 9 arti/ic appe>ance & actual economy by f> ! bett] inve/m5t4 ,x co/s a little m at ! />t1 b is wor? mu* m 9 ! end4 ,sid5ote3 ,value ( ,looks ,or1 x may be t y\r cli5t concludes to build a ?or\ghly good solid brick wall1 b wants to save #c to #d p] c5t on ! total co/ ( ! h\se by us+ common brick ?r\gh\t4 ,?is w be a good wall1 no d\bt1 b h[ w x look6 ,common brick are n made ) an eye to ext]nal appe>ance2 _! great m]it lies 9 solid /ructural value4 ,occasionally a well-burn$ select$ common brick1 made ( a clay t burns to a good color may be f\nd & us$1 ) prop] c>e ( bond & mort> jo9t1 = fac+ purposes2 b z a rule1 ! me?od ( manufactur+ common brick1 & ! /ructural uses = :i* !y are int5d$ d n contribute to ! attractiv5ess ( ! wall surface4 ,h5ce1 ! natural developm5t ( ! great face brick indu/ry :i* adds to ! solid /ructural m]its ( brick ! invaluable m]it ( looks4 ,& h[ mu* d looks h to d ) bo? ! s5tim5tal & comm]cial value ( a h\se6 ,:at does ! good wife ?9k ( ! looks ( ! h\se %e lives 98 ,:at d ! neighbors ?9k ( x8 ,& to be purely practical1 :at does ! prospective r5t] or buy] ?9k ( x8 ,y "k t :5 a man wi%es to sell 8 h\se1 he cleans up ! y>d1 repairs ! f5ce1 pat*es up ! holes1 & pa9ts ! h\se f top to bottom because he kn[s ! value ( looks4 ,he kn[s t 8 re/or+ ! h\se to its pri/9e glory attracts ! pur*as]1 helps to p]suade him1 & secures a f> bett] price ( sale4 ,cleanl9ess1 looks1 beauty1 h a v real value 9 doll>s & c5ts4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to a face brick f9i% ( ! wall surface4 ,face brick are made ) m c>e1 are h&l$ & %ipp$ ) m c>e1 & laid ) m c>e1 j = ! purpose ( produc+ a m attractive wall4 ,:5 y use face brick = y\r cli5ts1 y give !m ! la/ ^w 9 wall con/ruction1 :i* is at once1 z no o!r mat]ial1 /rong1 endur+1 com=table1 fire-safe1 economical1 & beautiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,/>t ( ,v5e]+ ov] ,frame ,note foot+ bel[ & wall ties above ,illu/ration3 ,v5e]+ above ,kit*5 ,ro( ,note angle irons & "w at w9d[s ,,putt+ ,,9 ,,f\ndations ,! foll[+ data h be5 compil$ & ! draw+s made by ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,repp1 a ,*icago ar*itect1 & are bas$ on ! mo/ widely foll[$ build+ practice4 ,!re is no int5tion ( try+ to in=m ! ma/] mason or ! ma/] c>p5t] ab\t 8 craft ) :i* he is p]fectly famili>1 b to %[ ! ma/] c>p5t] build] ! be/ me?ods ( h&l+ ! brick problems t may confront him 9 solid brick1 holl[ tile1 & v5e] wall con/ruction4 ,a gloss>y ( te*nical t]ms w be f\nd at ! close ( ?is volume4 ,sid5ote3 ,foot+s ,:atev] type ( con/ruction is *os51 solid brick1 holl[ tile1 or v5e]1 x %\ld re/ ^u a solid brick f\ndation4 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 :]e soil conditions are favorable1 ! brick f\ndation walls ( mod]ate siz$ h\ses d n ne$ a foot+ except at po9ts be>+ conc5trat$ loads4 ,naturally1 ! excavation %\ld be c>ri$ d[n to good solid e>?1 free f loose1 spongy soil or fill$-9 gr\nd :i* might lat] p]mit suffici5t unequal settlem5t to result 9 s]i\s cracks ?r\gh\t ! wall ( ! h\se4 ,:]e conditions seem to require a foot+1 x may be ei!r ( brick laid 9 good cem5t mort> 7,fig4 #a7 or ( concrete z %[n 9 our work+ draw+s1 & %\ld be /r5g!n$ at po9ts ( special be>+ /ress4 ,:i* foot+ is *os5 w dep5d l>gely on conv5i5ce ( gett+ local mat]ial & labor4 ,! bottom ( ! f\ndation wall or foot+ mu/ always be bel[ fro/ l9e :i*1 ( c\rse1 v>ies 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry2 & ?is rule applies z well to all brickwork outside ( ! f\ndation wall prop]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,brick ,foot+ ,sid5ote3 ,dra9s or ,dra9age ,:]e ! conditions ( soil require1 por\s tile ) op5 jo9ts %\ld be laid ar\nd ! base ( ! f\ndation wall1 n above ! level ( ! basem5t floor nor bel[ ! bottom ( ! wall or foot+1 & slightly pit*$ to a po9t :]e x may be connect$ ) ! sew] or "s natural outlet4 ,:]e ?is tile is laid 9 loose s&y ,soil1 ! op5 jo9ts %\ld be wrapp$ ) build+ pap] to prev5t ! s& f clogg+ ! dra94 ,9 heavy clay soil1 ! tile %\ld be cov]$ to ! dep? ( ab\t a foot ) cru%$ /one to prev5t pack+ ( clay ar\nd ! tile4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,wall ,f\ndation walls1 te*nically speak+1 are ^? walls bel[ ! grade l9e ( ! build+ t support ! sup]-/ructure4 ,simil> walls ar\nd areas are t]m$ reta9+ walls & are n prop]ly a "p ( ! f\ndation4 ,! ?ickness ( f\ndation1 z well z o!r walls = diff]5t /ructures1 is usually e/abli%$ by ord9ance 9 cities & t[ns2 b1 :]e !re are no ord9ances on ! subject1 a brick f\ndation wall ( #ab in*es1 = two-/ory build+s1 or "o ( #h in*es1 = small "o-/ory build+s1 con=ms to good practice4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bond ,! f\ndation wall %\ld be built ( a h>d-burn$ common brick1 & laid 9 ,common ,bond 7,see ,fig4 #dg71 ) a good cem5t-lime mort>1 />t+ at ! bottom ) a head] c\rse4 ,z ! head]s1 :i* s]ve z transv]se bond1 are n long en\gh to ext5d ?r\gh ! entire ?ickness ( ! #ab-;in*1 z !y d ?r\gh ! #h-;in* wall1 ! head] c\rses 9 ! #ab-;in* wall v naturally _c be on ! same level at ! front & back ( ! wall4 ,9 ! bottom c\rse1 ! head] r[ is laid inside & ! /ret*] r[ outside1 :ile 9 ! next c\rse above ! position is rev]s$1 & s on :]ev] ! bond+ head] c\rses come4 ,sid5ote3 ,lay+ ! ,brick ,! fir/ c\rse ( brick is well b$d$ 9 mort> on ! foot+ or ! solid gr\nd1 z ! case may be4 ,at ! corn]s & at prop] int]vals along ! wall :]e necess>y1 a few brick1 f\r or five c\rses high1 are laid up 9 ! advance to s]ve z leads or />t+ po9ts = ! bond & supports = ! l9e :i* guides ! mason to ! prop] level & alignm5t ( ! brick4 ,! mort> is well spread ) ! tr[el along ! top ( ! brick c\rse1 & ! brick to be laid is firmly press$ d[n on ?is mort> b$ next ! lead4 ,! mort> ?us squeez$ out ( ! jo9t is cut (f by ! tr[el & scrap$ on ! head ( ! next brick to be laid :i* is !n press$ on ! mort> b$ & %ov$ aga9/ ! brick j laid1 s z to squeeze mort> into ! bottom ( ! v]tical or head jo9t :i* is !n ?or\ghly fill$ f ! top by slu%+ ) mort>4 ,! /ret*] c\rses = /ructural reasons %\ld be well slu%$ ) mort> betwe5 ! front & back r[s or ti]s ( brick1 laid to break jo9t4 ,z ! "w progresses1 ! jo9ts on ! inside face ( ! basem5t wall %\ld be neatly /ruck1 :ile ! outside jo9ts %\ld be cut flu% = receiv+ a wat]pro( coat+4 ,! inside jo9ts are /ruck by runn+ ! po9t ( ! tr[el1 held firmly at an angle1 along ! upp] or l[] edge ( ! brick1 ?us mak+ a smoo? bevel$ jo9t 7,see ,fig4 #eg74 ,! wall %\ld be wid5$ :]e indicat$ on any plan to s]ve z a f\ndation = ! fireplace1 & %\ld be built holl[ to provide = an a% pit4 ,:]e o!r *imneys occur1 ! wall at _! base %\ld be corbel$ out to s]ve z a support = !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,scaffold+ ,aft] ! wall has ris5 f\r or five feet1 scaffold+ is erect$ to c>ry on ! upp] portion4 ,! scaffold+1 necess>y = ! usual h\se1 or o!r small build+1 consi/s ( a s]ies ( rigid horses or tre/les1 approximately #e'-j wide & #e'-j high1 on :i* are plac$ a half-doz5 #b #aj planks laid close4 ,! joi/s = ! floor above may be us$ = ?is plank+ & !n lift$ into place :5 ! wall is ready to receive !m1 ?us effect+ a sav+ 9 labor4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! horses sev]al in*es away f ! inside face ( ! wall1 le/ ! j>r+ caus$ by bricks & mort> be+ deposit$ on ! scaffold may pu% ! gre5 wall out ( plumb4 ,! scaffold+ = ! f\ndation wall may be disp5s$ )1 if x is f\nd m conv5i5t to lay ! upp] portion ( ! wall f ! outside4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat]pro(+ ,all brick f\ndation walls %\ld be wat]-pro($ on ! outside except 9 gravelly1 s&y1 or v dry soil4 ,9 case !re is dang] ( moi/ure ris+ 9 ! wall by capill>y attraction1 ! top ( ! foot+ %\ld be wat]-pro($1 be=e />t+ ! walls1 by a c\rse ( slate well b$d$ 9 mort> or by a /rip ( composition ro(+4 ,9 wet locations1 x w\ld be well to c>ry ! wat]pro(+ "u ! basem5t floor also4 ,= wat]pro(+ ! f\ndation walls1 9 slightly wet soils :]e ! dra9age is fair1 a coat+ ( "o-half in* cem5t pla/] may be appli$ to ! outside surface ( ! brick z ! wall is c>ri$ up4 ,?is pla/] %\ld be compos$ ( "o "p ,portl& cem5t & two p>ts clean1 %>p s&4 ,! possibility ( settlem5t crack+ ?is cem5t coat+ makes x undesirable = use 9 heavy soils su* z wet clay1 or 9 l[-ly+ l& :]e ! subsoil is likely to be wet4 ,9 su* conditions1 a coat+ ( asphalt appli$ :ile boil+ hot1 ?or\ghly cov]+ ! brickwork1 is v satisfactory4 ,a less exp5sive ?\gh excell5t wat]pro(+1 :i* we sugge/ 9 our specifications1 is made ( ?ree p>ts ( t> & "o ( pit*4 ,t> alone is sometimes us$1 b is n recomm5d$ z x becomes brittle & is subject to cracks1 simil> to cem5t4 ,except 9 dry1 w>m wea!r1 x is well to prep>e ! wall = ! wat]pro(+ by siz+ or prim+ x ) hot creosote1 to ov]come any dampness t might prev5t ! asphalt or t>-pit* f tak+ prop] hold4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,fig4 #c ,fig4 #d ,fig4 #e ,fig4 #f ,fig4 #g ,types ( ,ext]ior ,basem5t ,walls ,,solid ,,face ,,brick ,,con/ruction ,sid5ote3 ,?ickness ( ! ,wall ,:]e ord9ances d n gov]n1 ! ?ickness ( brick walls above ! f\ndation may be #h in*es 7two brick ?ick7 = "o or two-/ory small h\ses1 except 9 ! case ( an unusually high gable :]e ! fir/ /ory wall %\ld be #ab in*es 7?ree brick ?ick74 ,sid5ote3 ,wat] ,table ,at ! grade l9e ! face brick is />t$1 sometimes ) a r[lock c\rse or a soldi] c\rse1 set ei!r flu% ) ! out] surface ( ! f\ndation wall or1 z usual1 slightly project$1 9 :i* case x is kn[n z ! wat] table4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! entire base or l[] portion ( ! build+ f ! grade to ! fir/ floor sometimes ext5ds z a wat] table beyond ! wall above4 ,figs4 #b-g %[ v>i\s ways ( treat+ ?is portion ( ! wall :i* add to ! int]e/ ( ! brickwork4 ,! me?od ( lay+ ! face brick is sub/antially ! same z t = ! f\ndation wall except t mu* great] c>e mu/ be tak5 ) ! bond & mort> jo9ts on ! surface ( ! wall4 ,a description ( v>i\s bonds & patt]ns w be f\nd on pages #cc-ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,build+ ,! me?od ( bond+ ! face brick to ! common brick back+ foll[s ! usual me?od ,bond+ means ( head]s e five or six c\rses1 ! head]s 9 o!r ?an ,common ,bond1 n us$ = bond1 be+ cut 9 half4 ,9 ! widely us$ ,/ret*] ,bond :]e no head]s occur except at corn]s1 ?ree me?ods ( bond+ may be employ$4 ,fir/1 b only 9 case ( walls #ab in*es or m ?ick1 ! back corn]s ( ! face brick may be clipp$ s t ! back+ brick fit diagonally into ! not*es ?us provid$ 7,fig4 #h74 ,?is sort ( conceal$ bond is weak & %\ld be avoid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,conceal$ ,bond ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,metal ,wall ,ties ,secondly1 ! face brick may be ti$ to ! back+ by lay+ metal /rips or wires1 suppli$ by any mat]ial deal]1 9 ! b$ jo9ts ( face & back+ brick 7,fig4 #i74 ,al?\gh ?is me?od is frequ5tly us$ & 9 a way answ]s ! purpose1 we d n reg>d x z ! simple/ & be/4 ,we recomm5d ! ?ird me?od :i* is a natural bond1 ?or\ghly workmanlike & s\nd4 ,e six? or sev5? c\rse1 pairs ( head]s are laid ) a tight butt]$1 & h5ce invisible1 jo9t alt]nat+ ) ! /ret*]s4 ,z ! jo9t betwe5 ! head]s is h>dly se51 ! two head]s give ! appe>ance ( a /ret*]1 s t ! effect ( ! ,runn+ or ,/ret*] ,bond is ma9ta9$ 7,see ,fig4 #ca74 ,sid5ote3 ,back+ ,! face brick are laid up five or six c\rses 9 advance ( ! back+ & ! jo9ts on ! face ( ! wall are f9i%$ 7,see ,fig4 #eg7 z ! "w progresses4 ,on outside expos$ surfaces1 ! /ruck jo9t %\ld be avoid$1 & p>ticul> c>e %\ld be tak5 9 see+ t all head or v]tical jo9ts are ?or\ghly fill$ ) mort> f bottom to top4 ,ea* face c\rse %\ld be />t$ s z to c>e = ! bond or patt]n *os51 z well z = ! transv]se /ructural bond4 ,! back+ is !n laid 9 ! usual way1 always1 s f> z possible1 break+ jo9t ) ! face brick4 ,no attempt1 except :]e /r5g? is specially dem&$1 %\ld be made to slu% ! ?9 space betwe5 ! front & back ti]s ( brick1 z ?is space helps to make ! wall dri] & w>m]4 ,:]ev] ! common brick back+ is to be expos$1 ! jo9ts mu/ be neatly /ruck z 9 ! basem5t wall4 ,at ! close ( ! day's "w1 face & back+ %\ld be br\ght to approximately ! same level & cov]$ to protect ! "w f ! wea!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,treatm5t ( ,jo9ts ,! brickwork %\ld be /opp$ at ! po9t :]e ! fir/ floor joi/s are to re/ ^u x1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 to h ! top c\rse p]fectly level1 s t ! joi/s may be set )\t w$g+ or block+4 ,! joi/s set by ! c>p5t] %\ld h1 at int]vals ( approximately six feet1 wr\ght iron joi/ an*ors solidly spik$ to !m1 & ext5d+ into ! wall4 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 plac+ ^! an*ors z ne> ! bottom ( ! joi/s z possible 9 ord] to less5 ! /ra9 on ! brick wall1 9 case a fire causes ! joi/s to drop4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,correct ,joi/ ,an*or ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,bad ,joi/ ,an*or ,= ! same reason1 ! ends ( all ! joi/s1 ) or )\t an*ors1 %\ld be bevel$ s t1 9 l conditions1 ! joi/s w readily fall out )\t injury to ! wall4 ,fig4 #aj illu/rates ! correct me?od ( atta*+ ! an*or to ! joi/4 ,! dott$ l9es %[ h[ ! joi/ w\ld drop )\t damag+ ! wall4 ,fig4 #aa %[s ! de/ructive effect caus$ by ! an*or be+ plac$ at ! top ( ! joi/4 ,! importance ( ^! po9ts _c be emphasiz$ too mu* z walls h _h to be rebuilt :i* by prop] fram+ con/ruction w\ld h /ood intact4 ,aft] ! joi/s are plac$1 ! brickwork is cont9u$ up betwe51 & leav+ a small brea?+ space ar\nd1 !m4 ,! same me?od ( joi/+ is foll[$ at ! upp] floors4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 & ,fig4 #ac4 ,true ,corbel+ ,betwe5 ,joi/s ,if ! l[] "p ( a wall is ?ick] by a brick ?an ! upp] "p1 x %\ld be c>ri$ up its full ?ickness ne>ly to ! top ( ! joi/s ,fire ,/ops :]e ft is /epp$ back to ! inside face ( ! upp] "p1 ?us =m+ ) ! pla/]+ a fire /op at ! top ( ! joi/s1 :ile a projection ( a qu>t] brick l5g? %\ld always be provid$ z a fire /op at ! bottom ( ! joi/s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,if ! wall is ! same ?ickness ?r\gh\t1 ! brickwork %\ld be corbel$ out betwe5 ! joi/s two in*es1 ! full height ( ! joi/s1 to =m a fire /op z 9 ,fig4 #ac4 ,! object ( ! fire /op is to block all possible passage ( fire f ! space betwe5 ! joi/s to t betwe5 ! furr+ /rips on ! wall1 or ! rev]se4 ,)\t ^! fire /ops1 a fire orig9at+ 9 ! floor c\ld communicate ) ! furr+ space on ! wall above1 or orig9at+ 9 ! furr+ space c\ld communicate ) ! floor4 ,) ! /ops1 ! fire is conf9$ to c]ta9 spaces & is ret>d$ in/ead ( spread+4 ,^! corbels also s]ve ! :olesome purpose ( *eck+ v]m9 ( all k9ds f passage ?r\gh ! floor & wall spaces4 ,sid5ote3 ,ceil+ ,la? ,figs4 #ab & #ac also %[ ! prop] way ( plac+ ! la? at ! corn] ( ! ceil+ s z to take full advantage ( ! fire /ops4 ,! ceil+ la?1 usually plac$ fir/1 %\ld be />t$ f> en\gh away f ! side walls s t :5 ! side wall la? is plac$ tight1 z x ought to be1 aga9/ ! und]side ( ! floor joi/1 !re w be space en\gh = ! pla/] to pu% ?r\gh & =m a key t\*+ ! bottom brick ( ! corbel4 ,z ! corbel by con/ruction is necess>ily ! di/ance ( a mort> jo9t above ! bottom ( ! joi/s1 ! op5+s are ?us completely seal$ by ! pla/] key4 ,9 *eap speculative build+s1 ^! fire /ops are too (t5 omitt$ or a pretext = !m is resort$ to by project+ only "o brick at ! top or bottom ( ! joi/s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is z good z no fire /op at all4 ,figs4 #ad & #ae %[ ! la? z !y ought n to be plac$ & also h[ false corbel+ leaves ! passages really un/opp$1 ?us defeat+ altoge!r ! purpose ( fire /ops4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad ,fig4 #ae ,false ,corbel+ ,betwe5 ,joi/s ,masonry walls t are to be furr$1 sometimes h1 z ! "w progresses1 common wood la?s laid 9 ! jo9ts ( ! brickwork on ! inside face ( ! wall1 ab\t e sev5? c\rse1 except ov] *imneys4 ,! la? %\ld be /agg]$ s z to avoid two v]tical la? jo9ts 9 succession4 ,^! s]ve z nail holds = ! furr+ /rips z expla9$ on page #bd4 ,sid5ote3 ,lay+ a #b-;in* ,wall ,:]e local requirem5ts dem& a #ab-;in* wall1 ! me?od ( con/ruction is ! same z 9 ! #h-;in* wall1 except t two r[s or ti]s ( back+ brick1 in/ead ( "o1 are c>ri$ up to ! advanc$ level ( ! face brick1 leav+ ! ?9 spaces betwe5 ! ti]s ( brick op5 z ! be/ way ( secur+ a w>m] & dri] wall4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! case ( pi]s & po9ts 9 ! wall t c>ry heavy loads1 all int]ior jo9ts %\ld be well slu%$ ) mort> = evid5t /ructural reasons4 ,sid5ote3 ,ro( ,plate ,an*or ,be=e ! top ( ! wall is rea*$1 ! an*ors = bolt+ d[n ! ro( plate %\ld be plac$ & ! brickwork c>ri$ up ar\nd !m 7,fig4 #af74 ,!y %\ld be made ( half-in* bolts at lea/ #ab in*es long1 ) a tee or wa%] at ! bottom & a nut & wa%] at ! top1 & %\ld be set approximately e #f feet along ! wall4 ,aft] ! c>p5t] has plac$ ! ro( plate & be=e x is bolt$ d[n1 ! mason %\ld b$ ) cem5t mort> "u x4 ,sid5ote3 ,nogg+ ,:5 ! wall is f9ally c>ri$ to ! top & ! ro( raft]s set1 b be=e ! ro( bo>d+ is 9 place1 ! mason %\ld fill 9 betwe5 ! ro( raft]s ) "o ti] ( brick z %[n 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,?is is call$ nogg+4 ,its purpose is to block effectually ! op5+s betwe5 ! ro( raft]s & prev5t ! w9d f ent]+ ! walls & attic4 ,?is adds greatly to ! com=t ( ! h\se 9 cold wea!r4 ,9 w>m climates nogg+ w be f\nd unnecess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,raft]s & ,ro( ,plate ,! ,*imney ,:ile ! *imney may be made "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ & effective elem5ts ( ! h\se design1 its /ructural & practical necessities are its mo/ /rik+ features4 ,! prop] con/ruction1 size1 & height ( *imneys are ( ! utmo/ importance bo? = ! successful work+ ( ! heat+ sy/em & = ! prev5tion ( fires4 ,! *imney may1 ?\gh x ne$ n be1 a po9t ( dang] to ! safety ( ! home4 ,a little intellig5t c>e 9 its con/ruction w prove to be ! be/ insurance4 ,z a fir/ precaution1 all wood fram+ ( floor & ro( mu/ be kept at lea/ #b in*es away f ! *imney & no o!r woodwork ( any k9d be project$ into ! brickwork surr\nd+ ! flues4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,*imney ,height ,*imneys %\ld be tightly built ( solid brick1 h no op5+s except ^? requir$ = ! connection ( ! heat+ app>atus1 & %\ld always ext5d at lea/ "o foot above ! highe/ po9t ( ! ro(4 ,9 "s cases1 dep5d+ on local surr\nd+s1 x may be desirable to c>ry !m some:at high]4 ,^? t]m9at+ bel[ ! level ( ! ro( usually h poor draft because ! w9d1 sweep+ across or aga9/ ! ro(1 may =m eddies t drive d[n ! *imney or *eck ! natural rise ( ! smoke 7,fig4 #ag74 ,sid5ote3 ,flue ,l9+ ,! flues ( *imneys %\ld n />t f ! bottom ( ! f\ndation b only ab\t a foot bel[ ! fir/ smoke pipe op5+s1 & %\ld be l9$ ) t]ra cotta flue l9+ _! entire height4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 sett+ flue l9+s to be sure t ! jo9ts are well cem5t$ &1 at ! same "t1 t all spaces betwe5 ! l9+ & brickwork are tightly fill$ ) mort>4 ,any op5+s 9 ! jo9ts ( ! tile l9+1 or ev5 ( ! brickwork1 n only *eck ! draft b are a fire m5ace4 ,cem5t pla/] %\ld n be sub/itut$ = ! flue l9+ z x is likely to crack & fall (f1 ?us leav+ ! flue 9 a dang]\s condition4 ,h[ev]1 :]e flue l9+s are n available1 a /rong smoo? cem5t pla/] may be us$1 9 :i* case ! *imney wall %\ld be at lea/ #h in*es ?ick4 ,mod]n heat+ plants necessitate accurate con/ruction ( *imneys1 & mo/ manufactur]s ( heat+ app>atus n[adays recomm5d ! area & height ( ! flue necess>y = _! in/allations4 ,! foll[+ table w prove useful 9 consid]+ ! "q ( heat+ plant or fireplace1 by %[+ ! dim5sions ( flue l9+s to be ord]$ :5 ! requir$ area is asc]ta9$4 ,table ( ,comm]cial ,flue ,l9+s ,outside ,dim5sions ,actual ,inside ,area #h-a_/b #h-a_/b #eb sq4 94 #h-a_/b #ac #hj #ac #ac #abf #ac #ah #afi #ah #ah #bdj ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,*imney ,)es ,sid5ote3 ,(fsets ,:]e two or m flues are conta9$ 9 "o *imney1 !y %\ld always be sep>at$ by a brick p>tition #d in*es ?ick1 call$ a )e1 & bond$ to ! outside brickwork z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,*imneys %\ld run z /raight z possible f bottom to top1 9 ord] to secure bett] draft & facilitate clean+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 (fsets are necess>y f "o /ory to ano!r1 !y %\ld be v gradual1 nev] less ?an at an angle ( #cj f ! v]tical4 ,if abrupt (fsets occur 9 flues1 soot w soon be deposit$1 *ok+ ! flue & mak+ clean+ almo/ impossible 7,fig4 #ai74 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 :ile ! *imney is build+ t ! bottom does n become fill$ ) mort> or brick bats4 ,at ! bottom ( ! furnace flue 9 ! basem5t1 an iron clean\t door %\ld be provid$ z a conv5i5ce = remov+ soot4 ,*imneys erect$ on ! int]ior ( a build+ are apt to be m effici5t because ! w>m air surr\nd+ !m facilitates ! draft1 :ile ^? locat$ on ! ext]ior naturally are some:at affect$ by ! cool air on ! outside4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,*imney ,(fset ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj ,fig4 #ba ,outside ,angle ,corn]s ,angles1 ,bays1 & ,corn]s ,all ! h\ses repres5t$ 9 ?is book are design$ )\t any obtuse or acute angl$ corn]s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y wi% to erect a brick build+ ) an angul> corn] or bay1 specially %ap$ face brick = ! purpose1 call$ splay or octagon brick1 may be obta9$ f ! deal]s or manufactur]s4 ,if = any reason ^! special %apes are n easily available1 ! angle may be =m$ by ! use ( /&>d size brick4 ,! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj is us$ only on *eap "w & %\ld be disc\rag$1 = x leaves l$ges = ! lodgm5t ( sn[ & dirt1 decreases ! ?ickness ( ! wall1 & besides is r unsightly4 ,! bett] me?od1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ba1 also has ! objection ( =m+ l$ges = ! lodgm5t ( sn[ & dirt1 b x makes a wall ( full ?ickness1 & has be5 us$ by "s ar*itects 9 a v arti/ic mann]4 ,! be/ me?od ( all1 = treat+ ^! corn]s1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,/&>d bricks are us$ ) ! m9imum am\nt ( cutt+4 ,fig4 #bc %[s a me?od ( lay+ brick at an acute angl$ corn]4 ,x is simple to lay up1 !re is little cutt+ ( brick1 & x pres5ts a bett] look+ corn] ?an "o ) a %>p angle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,obtuse ,angle ,turns ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,acute ,angle ,turns ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd ,! ,solid ,brick ,wall ,op5+s ,w9d[ sills 9 brick build+s %\ld be ( brick or /one4 ,cem5t1 unless pre-ca/1 is n well adapt$ = ! purpose4 ,brick w9d[ sills are pref]able to /one =1 besides add+ a *>m+ t\* to ! build+1 !y are inexp5sive s9ce !y are ( ! same mat]ial z ! wall & plac$ by ! same workm5 :o lay up ! wall1 ?us obviat+ ! necessity ( additional labor to place ! heavy /one4 ,brick = sills %\ld be laid on edge & pit*$ approximately at an incl9e ( #a in* 9 #f to %$ ! wat]4 ,!y %\ld also project at lea/ an in* beyond ! face ( ! wall to =m a drip1 & be laid 9 ri* cem5t mort> compos$ ( equal p>ts ( cem5t & s&1 ) jo9ts well fill$ & f9i%$ ) a h>d smoo? surface4 ,door sills may be ( wood1 brick1 or /one4 ,9 case ( a /one sill1 x %\ld be exactly ! height ( ei!r two or ?ree c\rses ( brick4 ,sid5ote3 ,w9d[ ,frames ,! w9d[ frames are set by ! c>p5t] on top ( ! sill 9 a ?9 b$ ( mort>4 ,:5 !y are level$1 plumb$1 & brac$1 ! brickwork is c>ri$ up ar\nd ! jambs or weight boxes1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd1 always mak+ c]ta9 t ! corn] or jamb ( ! brick op5+ is p]fectly plumb4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 to fill solid ) mort> ! spaces betwe5 ! brickwork & ! w9d[ frame1 to /op ! w9d4 ,/ock ,w9d[ ,sizes ,d\ble ,hung ,sa%1 #a-c_/h ,?ick ,glass ,size1 ,masonry ,d4 ,s4 ,lights,a ,sa% ,size ,op5+ #af #af #b #a'- #h #c'- #b #b'-j #c'- #f #af #bf #b #a'- #h #d'-aj #b'-j #e'- #b #bb #bj #b #b'- #b #c'-aj #b'-f #d'- #b #bh #bf #b #b'- #h #d'-aj #c'-j #e'- #b #cj #bd #b #b'-aj #d'- #f #c'-b #d'-aj #cj #bf #b #b'-aj #d'-aj #c'-b #e'- #b #cd #af #b #c'- #b #c'- #b #c'-f #c'- #f #cd #bj #b #c'- #b #c'-aj #c'-f #d'- #b #cd #bf #b #c'- #b #d'-aj #c'-f #e'- #b #dj #bf #b #c'- #h #d'-aj #d'-j #e'- #b #db #bf #b #c'-aj #d'-aj #d'-b #e'- #b #eb #bf #b #d'- #h #d'-aj #e'-j #e'- #b ,basem5t ,sa%1 #a-c_/h ,?ick #bj #ad #b #b'- #j #a'- #e #b'-d #a'- #i #cj #ad #c #b'-aj #a'- #e #c'-b #a'- #i #db #ad #c #c'-aj #a'- #e #d'-b #a'- #i ,casem5t ,sa%1 #a-c_/h or #a-c_/d ,?ick #bj #bd #d #b'- #j #b'- #e #b'-d #b'- #i;,b #bj #cf #f #b'- #j #c'- #e #b'-d #c'- #i;,b #bj #db #f #b'- #j #c'-aa #b'-d #d'- #c;,b #bj #dh #h #b'- #j #d'- #e #b'-d #d'- #i;,b #bj #ef #h #b'- #j #e'- #a #b'-d #e'- #e;,b ,footnote ,a3 ,if divid$ lights are want$1 a special ord] w be necess>y1 ! total glass size rema9+ ! same4 ,footnote ,b3 ,^! heights are = outsw++ casem5ts2 = insw++ casem5ts1 add #c_/h to ! height ( ! dim5sions giv54 ,/ock ,door ,sizes,c ,ext]ior ,doors #a-c_/h or #a-c_/d ,?ick #b'-h #f'-h #b'-h #g'-j #c'-j #f'-h #c'-j #g'-j ,footnote ,c3 ,op5+s w be #d wid] & #b-c_/d high] ?an dim5sions giv54 ,sid5ote3 ,/ock ,sizes ,brick l9e> dim5sions %\ld1 :]ev] possible1 be calculat$ s z to r$uce cutt+ ( brick to a m9imum1 especially :]e op5+s1 bays1 *imneys1 & ! l are conc]n$4 ,our plans are drawn ) ?is 9 view2 & to facilitate readily obta9+ sa% & ext]ior door sizes1 we w\ld sugge/ t contractors1 s f> z possible1 use /ock dim5sions tak5 f ! accompany+ tables :i* cov] ! va/ majority ( requirem5ts4 ,= ea* mullion betwe5 gr\p$1 d\ble-hung w9d[s all[ #f in*es1 & betwe5 casem5t w9d[s #b in*es4 ,! /ock w9d[ frames1 :i* are ess5tially ! same z ^? us$ 9 frame con/ruction1 require no m labor to set & brace ?an 9 case ( frame walls4 ,all t is necess>y is to box !m 9 to make a h\s+ = ! sa% weights4 ,aft] ! brickwork is laid ar\nd ! frame1 a /aff bead or brick mold is nail$ to its outside face1 fitt+ snugly up to ! brickwork1 add+ if s desir$ a scrib+ bead4 ,%\ld local /ock frames v>y slightly f ! dim5sions giv51 or if a scrib+ bead is us$ 9 addition to ! regul> /aff mold1 ! brickwork c easily be laid s z to take up ! diff]5ce4 ,9 case ! masonry op5+ is f9i%$ be=e ! frames arrive on ! job1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to h !m built ! exact size ( ! frame ord]$1 always tak+ into consid]ation ! #a in* to #f in*es slope ( ! sill1 & ! scrib+ bead if us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be ,fig4 #bf ,fig4 #bg ,fig4 #bh ,fig4 #bi ,op5+ ,supports ,sid5ote3 ,l9tels & ,ar*es ,sid5ote3 ,reliev+ ,ar*es ,! brickwork ov] all op5+s may be support$1 ei!r by a /eel or wood l9tel1 or by a brick ar*4 ,ei!r ! full ?ickness ( ! wall or ! face brick only may be c>ri$ on a /eel l9tel or an ar*4 ,l9tels are r>ely us$ 9 comb9ation ) semi-circul> ar*es4 ,:5 a /eel l9tel or an ar* supports ! face brick1 ! back+ usually re/s on a wood5 l9tel1 set high] ?an ! ar* or else conceal$ by ! frame4 ,!re %\ld be a brick reliev+ ar* above wood5 l9tels1 spann+ m ?an #c feet1 be>+ on ! wall beyond ! ends ( ! l9tel1 s t ! brickwork w n be weak5$ %\ld ! l9tel be de/roy$ by fire 7,fig4 #bh74 ,! space betwe5 ar* & l9tel is fill$ ) brick aft] ! ar* is built4 ,season$ brickwork w support itself ov] ! small] spans4 ,sid5ote3 ,/eel ,l9tels ,= a /eel l9tel ov] a small op5+1 an angle is suffici5t4 ,if ! int]ior wall surface is also to be ( face brick1 ! l9tel is made by plac+ two angles back to back1 z ! usual wood l9tel 9 su* a place w\ld be unsightly4 ,= op5+s up to #d feet wide1 a #d #c or a #c #c angle is suffici5t2 wid] op5+s up to #e feet w\ld require a #c #e angle4 ,ov] l>g] op5+s heavi] sections ( /eel h to be us$4 ,bo? /eel & wood l9tels are usually made #h in*es long] ?an ! wid? ( ! op5+4 ,sid5ote3 ,brick ,ar*es ,! brick ar*es g5]ally employ$ 9 small build+s are flat1 segm5tal1 or full semi-circul> 7,figs4 #be-bi74 ,! segm5tal & semi-circul> ar*es are usually be/ built ( r[lock c\rses1 _! numb] dep5d+ ^u ! wid? ( ! op5+4 ,flat brick ar*es ov] two feet wide %\ld be support$ by /eel1 ! brick be+ usually set soldi] fa%ion4 ,z ^! brick are slightly incl9$ f ! v]tical1 _! end edges %\ld be clipp$ to make ! jo9ts on ! face ( ! ar* come 9 a horizontal l9e1 z 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,9 ,fig4 #be1 ! appe>ance ( ! ar* face is n s workmanlike & neat because ! brick h n be5 clipp$ along ! l9e ( ! middle jo9ts4 ,= ei!r type ( ar*1 ! brickwork bo? sides ( ! op5+ mu/ be bevel$ 9 ! =m ( skewbacks1 to s]ve z b$s = receiv+ ! ?ru/ ( ! ar* z %[n 9 ! figures4 ,if ^! ar*es are prop]ly h&l$ bo? z to design & execution1 !y add greatly to ! appe>ance ( ! entire wall surface4 ,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,furr+ ,sid5ote3 ,wood ,sid5ote3 ,holl[ ,tile ,sid5ote3 ,metal ,! inside ( all ext]ior brick walls %\ld be furr$1 except 9 climatic conditions :]e x has prov$ unnecess>y1 9 ord] to =m an air space betwe5 ! brickwork & ! pla/]4 ,?is furr+ may be ( wood1 holl[ tile1 or metal4 ,! fir/1 :i* is ord9>ily us$1 consi/s ( #a #b wood5 /rips plac$ v]tically on ! wall & spac$ #af in*es on c5t] 7,fig4 #bd74 ,! /rips are ei!r nail$ to ! la? :i* h be5 plac$ 9 ! jo9ts ( ! brickwork by ! mason1 or atta*$ by driv+ ! nails into ! mort> jo9ts4 ,! c>p5t]1 9 plac+ ! /rips1 %\ld w$ge beh9d !m :]e necess>y to make !m plumb4 ,! gr\nds & la? are plac$ directly on ^! /rips4 ,holl[ tile furr+ is =m$ by splitt+ #c-;in* or #d-;in* split furr+ tile1 :i* h be5 scor$ 9 manufactur+ = ?is purpose1 plac+ ! webs aga9/ ! brick wall1 & an*or+ !m by driv+ t5-p5ny nails into ! mort> jo9ts ov] e ?ird tile 9 e second c\rse4 ,! tile %\ld be laid )\t mort> s z n to make a solid connection :i* w\ld transmit moi/ure4 ,?is tile furr+ makes a good surface = int]ior pla/]+4 ,metal furr+ is only us$ ) metal la? & consi/s ( small /eel rods or o!r /iff5+ memb]s ei!r plac$ sep>ately on ! wall or z "p ( ! metal la?4 ,clean+ & ,po9t+ ,n until aft] ! pla/]] has left ! job %\ld ! face brick be clean$ or wa%$ d[n4 ,?is is done ) a #e p] c5t muriatic acid solution or ab\t "o p9t ( acid to f\r gallons ( wat]4 ,a /rong] solution is likely to d injury4 ,apply ) a good scrubb+ bru% to remove all dirt & spatt]$ mort>1 & !n r9se ) clean wat]4 ,:ile wa%+ ! wall1 defects 9 jo9ts %\ld be po9t$ up4 ,! ,holl[ ,brick ,wall ,a v>iation ( solid brick con/ruction is ! s-call$ holl[ or vault$ wall 9 :i* ! face & common brick are sep>at$ by a two-in* air space & bond$ toge!r by metal ties laid 9 ! mort> jo9ts at prop] int]vals4 ,?is type ( wall has be5 ext5sively us$ = _m ye>s1 especially 9 ! ,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,holl[ or ,vault$ ,brick ,wall ,sid5ote3 ,= & ,aga9/ ,its fri5ds claim t x is /iff] ?an a solid wall ( ! same am\nt ( brick2 t x (f]s a bett] insulation1 by reason ( ! air space1 aga9/ cold & dampness2 & t !re=e x saves ! necessity ( furr+ & fire /ops on ! int]ior wall surface4 ,on ! o!r h&1 admitt+ ! value ( ! air space & ! consequ5t sav+ ( furr+1 objection is made t ! air space is apt to get fill$ ) mort> & brick *ips dur+ con/ruction2 t ! metal ties1 unless heavily galvaniz$ or dipp$ 9 asphaltum1 ru/ out 9 a comp>atively %ort "t2 & t x is n z /rong a be>+ wall z ! solid wall ( ! same brick cont5t4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,w4 ,josl91 a contractor & build] ( ,bo/on1 ^: ext5sive practice gives 8 judgm5t weight1 says 9 summ+ up ! pros & cons3 ,! #aj-;in* vault$ wall is /rong en\gh = ord9>y dwell+s1 ev5 ?\gh ! ties d ru/ out1 unless x is built out ( ! poore/ k9d ( brick ) v poor mort>4 ,9 my op9ion1 a vault$ wall1 if prop]ly built1 ! vault n fill$ up ) dropp+s1 & provisions made = v5tilat+ f ! inside1 is an ideal wall = dwell+ h\se con/ruction1 b ,i w\ld n recomm5d x = build+s = o!r purposes :]e !re w\ld be m or less ( a dead load com+ on ! floors4 ,on ! matt] ( comp>ative co/s1 ,mr4 ,josl9 adds3 ,x is *eap] to build an #h-;in* solid ?an a #aj-;in* vault$ wall1 & slightly *eap] to build a #aj-;in* vault$ ?an a #ab-;in* solid wall4 ,! accompany+ draw+ %[s a cross section ( ?is type ( brick wall4 ,except 9 a few p>ticul>s1 its con/ruction does n diff] ess5tially f t ( ! solid brick wall z already describ$4 ,a #ab-;in* brick f\ndation is wide en\gh = ! #aj-;in* wall & a #af-;in* f\ndation = ! #ad-;in* wall4 ,! metal ties1 heavily galvaniz$ or coat$ ) asphaltum1 %\ld be plac$ ab\t #ah in*es ap>t at e fif? or six? c\rse & ext5d at lea/ #b in*es into ! mort> jo9ts4 ,fire /ops are n ne$$1 nor is furr+1 z ! pla/] may be laid directly on ! brick4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve ! *ief m]it ( ?is type ( brick wall1 great c>e %\ld be tak51 dur+ con/ruction1 t ! #b-;in* air space be n all[$ to fill up ) mort> & brick *ips4 ,,face ,,brick ,,on ,,holl[ ,,tile ,,con/ruction ,! local ord9ances 9 "s municipalities require ?ick] walls ) holl[ tile con/ruction ?an :]e common brick back+ is us$1 :i* affects ! comp>ative co/ ( ! build+s2 b1 :]e ! total ?ickness may be kept ! same z = solid brick1 ! co/ is practically ! same1 ) slight diff]5ces "o way or ! o!r 9 diff]5t communities4 ,! tile us$ = back+ may be ei!r s(t or h>d burn$1 b nev] ) an absorption ( ov] #ab p] c5t1 & are scor$ v>i\sly s t !re may always be a good key+ surface = pla/]4 ,^! tile may be set ) ! holl[ spaces or cells runn+ ei!r horizontally or v]tically1 z ! case dem&s or ! build] *ooses4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/ruction ,walls ( ?is =m ( con/ruction are built 9 mu* ! same mann] z walls ) common brick back+1 except t x is always desirable to use cem5t mort> ) ! tile to insure ! ne$$ /r5g? ( bond4 ,! face brick are fir/ c>ri$ up f\r or five c\rses & !n ! holl[ tile units1 ( :atev] ?ickness *os51 are laid up beh9d ! brick1 leav+ an in* space betwe5 ! tile & brick 7,fig4 #ca74 ,! tile are laid1 ) brok5 jo9t z 9 runn+ bond1 9 a half-in* mort> b$4 ,:5 ! tile wid? is ov] #d in*es1 ! mort> %\ld be spread only on ! front & back edges ( ! tile1 leav+ a holl[ space 9 ! c5t]4 ,9 ! v]tical jo9ts only ! front & back webs require mort>4 ,if v]tical tile are us$ all ! webs %\ld be well mort>$1 :ile ! v]tical jo9ts are simply butt]$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! space betwe5 ! tile & brick does n get fill$ up ) mort>1 = ?is w\ld defeat its purpose ( s]v+ z an insulation aga9/ moi/ure & cold4 ,) ?is "o-in* space betwe5 brick & tile op51 furr+ & la?+ are sav$1 z ! pla/] may be directly laid on ! tile & ! necessity ( fire /ops avoid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,face ,brick on ,holl[ ,tile ,at w9d[ & door op5+s1 9 case #d #e #ab or #h #e #ab horizontal tile are laid1 ei!r common brick or special half & full closure tile 7,figs4 #ca & #ei7 %\ld be us$1 9 ord] to close ! op5+s at ! end ( ! horizontal tile c\rses1 ?us mak+ ar\nd ! frames good jo9ts :i* %\ld be tightly fill$ ) mort>4 ,:5 ! #ab #ab tile are laid horizontal1 ^? 9 ! w9d[ & door jambs ne$ simply be set v]tical to s]ve z closures4 ,x w be f\nd t an ev5 numb] ( tile does n always "w out ) ! l5g? ( ! wall or pi]1 leav+ a space ( a few in*es4 ,?is space may be fill$ by cutt+ a tile or us+ pieces ( tile slabs4 ,sid5ote3 ,tile ,sizes ,= h\ses ( ! "* pres5t$ 9 ?is ,manual1 tile ei!r #d1 #f1 or #h in*es wide may be us$1 dep5d+ on local ord9ance or ! *oice ( ! own]4 ,a #e-;in* back+ may be obta9$ by simply lay+ ! #d #e #ab tile on ! #e-;in* edge4 ,bo? #d- & #h-;in* wid?s are made #e #ab or #ab #ab 9 height & l5g?4 ,! #f-;in* wid? g5]ally comes #ab #ab 9 height & l5g?1 b may be obta9$ 9 ! #e #ab size f c]ta9 manufactur]s1 if s desir$4 ,! #e #ab tile 9 ei!r wid? are laid horizontal1 :ile ! #ab #ab tile 9 ei!r wid? may be laid v]tical or horizontal4 ,ei!r me?od is satisfactory al?\gh1 = heavy be>+ walls1 "s build]s pref] ! v]tical me?od on ! gr\nd t x gives a /rong] be>+ wall because ! v]tical webs directly be> on ea* o!r4 ,if laid v]tical1 ! top c\rse ( tile %\ld be plac$ horizontal to give a good b$ = ! wall plate4 ,sid5ote3 ,face ,brick to ,tile ,f\r c\rses ( /&>d size brick1 provid$ a #c_/h-;in* mort> jo9t is us$1 w equal 9 height two #e #ab tile1 mak+ e fif? c\rse a bond+ c\rse 7,fig4 #ca74 ,& five c\rses ( /&>d size brick1 provid$ a #a_/d-;in* mort> jo9t is us$1 w equal 9 height "o #ab #ab tile1 or if #a_/b-;in* jo9ts are us$1 w equal 9 height #c c\rses ( #d #ab tile #e in*es wide1 mak+ e six? c\rse a bond+ c\rse4 ,if wid] mort> jo9ts are desir$1 y c 9 ! latt] case make e fif? c\rse a bond+ c\rse by us+ #ab #ab v]tical tile :i* y c ord] cut to any l5g? requir$4 ,b :]e ei!r ! #e #ab or ! #ab #ab tile are laid horizontal1 ! numb] ( c\rses ( face brick & ! size ( mort> jo9ts _c be *ang$4 ,sid5ote3 ,bond+ ,! face brick are bond$ to ! tile back+ 7,fig4 #ca7 precisely 9 ! same mann] z previ\sly expla9$ = common brick1 d\ble head]s be+ us$ 9 case ( ,/ret*] ,bond & ! head]s1 :]ev] requir$1 9 o!r bonds 7,see page #ah74 ,b z ?is wall is full #i in*es or m ?ick1 ! head]s 9 ! bond+ c\rses leave recesses "o in* or m deep at int]vals on ! inside face ( ! wall 7,fig4 #ca74 ,^! if %all[1 %\ld be fill$ ) pla/]1 conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( fibre1 be=e ! regul> pla/]+ is />t$2 if deep1 z :5 ! #h-;in* wide tile is us$ = back+1 a /ret*] c\rse ( common brick or brick-size holl[ tile fills ! space4 ,! *imney con/ruction does n diff] 9 any ess5tial f t us$ = ! solid brick wall1 b we /rongly urge ! use ( brick = ! *imney1 r ?an tile or concrete blocks1 z af=d+ m reliable protection = ! flue4 ,! w9d[ sills1 door sills1 & l9tels are ! same z 9 solid brick con/ruction except t1 pref]ably1 in/ead ( ! wood5 l9tel support+ ! back+1 ! l9tel be made ( holl[ tile fill$ ) cem5t & re9=c$ by "o or m /eel rods 7,fig4 #cb74 ,^! tile l9tels %\ld be made on ! gr\nd by /&+ ! tile on end = fill+4 ,:5 ! concrete is set1 !y are ready to be lift$ into place4 ,illu/ration3 ,holl[ ,tile & ,/eel ,l9tels ,sid5ote3 ,lay+ ,out ,! /ory heights %\ld be figur$ s t an exact numb] ( :ole tile may be us$ f ! bottom ( ! joi/s on "o floor to ! bottom ( ^? on ! next floor1 always all[+ "o-half in* = ! b$ jo9ts4 ,b :]e ?is is n possible1 special tile slabs "o in* ?ick1 :i* may be _h f ! deal]1 %\ld be us$ to obta9 ! exact height requir$1 s t an ev5 & solid be>+ may be =m$ = ! floor joi/s4 ,! wall plates = ! ro( con/ruction are an*or$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! solid brick wall1 except t an*ors %\ld be #bj in*es long2 likewise1 brick nogg+ %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! ro( raft]s4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! solid brick con/ruction1 :5 ! pla/]]s h gone1 ! face brick %\ld be clean$ d[n & po9t$ :]e necess>y4 ,,face ,,brick ,,v5e] ,,con/ruction ,sid5ote3 ,advantages ,z already indicat$1 ?is type ( wall con/ruction is pref]r$ by "s build]s because x is some:at less exp5sive ?an solid brick or holl[ tile & c be m quickly built4 ,! wood5 frame may be complet$ & ro($ be=e ! brick v5e] is />t$ on ! outside4 ,if con/ruct$ accord+ to our specifications1 ! v5e]$ wall makes a mu* w>m] & m com=table h\se ?an frame1 n only because ! v5e] wall is ov] #b in*es ?ick] ?an ! frame1 b because ! brick v5e]+ =ms a solid monoli?ic %ell t /eadies ! framework & is pro( aga9/ ! w9d pressure t se>*es out ! cracks & crannies ( ! less sub/antial con/ruction4 ,fur!rmore1 :ile ! v5e] h\se does n get ! favor$ insurance rates ( ! solid brick /ructure1 x is1 if provid$ ) a non-combu/ible ro(1 safe aga9/ adjac5t fires2 9 fact1 f ! ext]ior1 pres5ts ! advantages ( a solid face brick h\se4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/ruction ,9 ?is type ( con/ruction ! /udd+ is n plac$ at ! face ( ! f\ndation wall1 b set at ! back ( ! wall1 all[+ suffici5t space 9 front ( ! %ea?+ = ! v5e] ( face brick4 ,! /uds are !n %ea!d z = ! usual frame build+ & cov]$ ) build+ pap]1 held 9 place ) #b #a or #a #e_/h furr+ /rips1 laid on v]tically or horizontally ov] ea* lap ( pap] & once betwe54 ,! face brick1 set "o in* f ! %ea?+1 are laid up1 s f> z ! out] bond is conc]n$1 9 ! same mann] z = fac+ ! solid masonry wall1 & are fa/5$ to ! framework by metal ties spac$ horizontally ab\t on e /ud & v]tically e f\r or five c\rses 7,fig4 #cc74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,v5e] ,con/ruction ,sid5ote3 ,bond+ ,ties ,^! ties are ( two k9ds1 ei!r corrugat$ metal /rips ) "o end nail$ to ! %ea?+ & ! o!r laid 9 ! b$ jo9ts1 or ?irty-p5ny wire nails :i* mu/ be spac$ ) ! /uds into :i* !y are driv5 ?r\gh ! %ea?+1 s z to leave a projection suffici5t to ext5d ab\t "o in* into ! b$ jo9ts ( ! brickwork4 ,! la/ me?od is recomm5d$ z ! mo/ sub/antial & p]man5t1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! nails be driv5 ) a slant into ! wood frame at a po9t some:at above ! brick s t :5 tapp$ by a hamm] !y may be b5t d[n to ! level ( ! jo9t 7,fig4 #cd74 ,if !y are driv5 9 at ! exact level ( ! brick1 !y w1 :5 b5t d[n1 pu% ! brick out ( alignm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,sills & ,l9tels ,brick w9d[ sills ) ?is type ( con/ruction are ! same z = ! solid masonry wall1 except t ! inn] ends ( ! brick mu/ be cut to fit aga9/ ! %ea?+4 ,! w9d[ & door frames are set 9 place z 9 frame con/ruction4 ,:ile ! brickwork ov] op5+s may be c>ri$ on ar*es1 /eel angles are almo/ univ]sally us$ = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,nail ,wall ,ties ,! brick por*es %\ld h ! por* walls & pi]s ( solid brickwork fac$ on bo? sides1 ) bond patt]n or ornam5tation foll[+1 9 ! ma91 ! design ( ! h\se walls4 ,*imney con/ruction = ! v5e] h\se is ! same z = ! brick h\se1 except t c>e %\ld be tak5 9 sett+ outside *imneys cle> ( ! %ea?+1 s z n to cut into ! frame con/ruction4 ,v5e]+ ,old ,frame ,/ructures ,sid5ote3 ,old ,h\se ,made ,new ,x (t5 occurs t a frame h\se is n kept 9 repair & depreciates to su* an ext5t t ! exp5diture = necess>y pa9t+ & repairs to re/ore x w\ld am\nt to an unw>rant$ figure4 ,or1 z 9 _m cases1 ! frame h\se1 ?\gh kept 9 fair condition by d9t ( frequ5t pa9t+ & repairs1 is decid$ly out ( date1 or lacks ! class t surr\nd+ build+s may h4 ,?is (t5 applies also to ! old spott$ & /a9$ /ucco h\se4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! own] suff]s loss 9 ! value ( 8 inve/m5t4 ,!re is a simple way1 h[ev]1 to recov] ?is loss & m ?an re/ore ! value ( 8 inve/m5t1 & t is by v5e]+ ! h\se ) an attractive face brick4 ,! fram+ ( ! h\se is 9 all probability sub/antially s\nd1 x is only ! ext]ior t is dilapidat$ & outclass$4 ,by v5e]+ 8 h\se ) a well-*os5 face brick1 laid 9 prop] bond & mort> jo9t1 ! own] at a comp>atively small exp5diture has got :at is to all int5ts & purposes a new h\se4 ,sid5ote3 ,pay+ ,inve/m5ts ,9 ! fir/ place1 he has pa9t$ x once & = all ) beautiful colors t w nev] come (f1 & he has elim9at$ all future pa9t & repair bills = ! ext]ior :]e mu* ( 8 co/ ( upkeep = ! old frame h\se came4 ,9 ! second place1 he has a f> m uni=mly com=table h\se ) a v appreciable r$uction ( 8 coal bills1 due to ! solid1 monoli?ic %ell ( brick cov]+ ! frame4 ,practical heat+ eng9e]s engag$ 9 in/all+ heat+ app>atus calculate t 9 a mod]ate siz$ v5e] h\se z comp>$ ) frame !re is1 dur+ an av]age w9t] 9 ! ,nor?1 a sav+ ( approximately #h p] c5t on ! coal bill4 ,f9ally1 he w\ld h1 s f> z ! community is conc]n$1 or a possible future pur*as]1 an attractive mod]n face brick h\se1 ( :i* he may be pr\d z a place ( resid5ce1 or :i* w\ld be m pr(itable z a r5t+ or sell+ prop]ty4 ,! enhanc$ value ( 8 prop]ty w\ld be f> beyond 8 exp5diture4 ,sid5ote3 ,increas+ ,y\r ,pr(its ,_m contractors c\ld com=tably increase _! pr(its & keep busy ?r\gh dull mon?s by pres5t+ ! above facts to ! own] ^: old frame or /ucco h\se ne$s repairs4 ,in/ead ( giv+ him a /agg]+ figure = repair "w t is only tempor>y1 he c\ld be %[n h[1 by inve/+ a little m1 he c\ld greatly contribute to 8 p]sonal satisfaction & sub/antially increase ! value ( 8 prop]ty4 ,v5e]+ an old h\se1 ei!r frame or /ucco1 is no m difficult ?an v5e]+ a new /ructure & is accompli%$ 9 mu* ! same mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ ,x is ,done ,an eight-in* concrete foot+ %\ld be plac$ aga9/ ! outside ( ! exi/+ f\ndation wall1 ext5d+ f grade to bel[ fro/ l9e & re/+ on good solid soil4 ,! brick v5e]1 />t+ f ?is foot+1 is c>ri$ up ) an in* air space betwe5 x & ! old sid+ 7:i* is n remov$7 & ti$ by driv+ ?irty-p5ny nails ?r\gh ! sid+ or o!r f9i% into ! %ea?+ & /uds 7,fig4 #ce74 ,! usual /eel l9tels are us$ ov] w9d[ & door op5+s4 ,:]e ! v5e] is to be c>ri$ ov] por*es or o!r l[ additions1 ! sid+ imm$iately above ! ro( %\ld be remov$ & a /eel angle plac$ aga9/ ! %ea?+ & securely atta*$ to ! /uds by lag screws1 s t no weight ( ! brickwork comes on ! ro(4 ,see illu/rations ( "w on page #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce ,v5e]+ old frame ,! brickwork is laid up to ! door & w9d[ trim & a /aff bead mold+1 9 ! corn] =m$ by ! brick1 securely nail$ to ! old trim1 mak+ a tight jo9t 7,see ,fig4 #ce74 ,simil> m\ld+s %\ld be plac$ at ! und]side ( ro(s1 por* ceil+s1 & l places :]e ! brick meets ! old frame f9i%4 ,new ,/ore ,fronts ,a v remun]ative addition to 8 bus9ess may be made by ! build] 9 v5e]+ old frame or /ucco /ore build+s4 ,all t applies to ! advantage ( v5e]+ ! old frame h\se especially applies "h4 ,an attractive /ore front is "o ( ! m]*ant's be/ adv]tisem5ts4 ,x indicates t he is prosp]\s1 & x draws cu/om]s :o always pref] to deal ) ! successful m]*ant1 & :]e ! surr\nd+s are pleasant4 ,%[ ! m]*ant ( y\r t[n ! increas$ value ( 8 prop]ty & ! increas$ pr(its ( 8 bus9ess made possible by a beautiful /ore front ( face brick1 & y w get m bus9ess y\rself4 ,a ,new ,face ,brick ,por* ,sid5ote3 ,me?od ( ,con/ruction ,sometimes ! por* on a frame build+ is 9 ne$ ( a new floor1 rail+1 & /eps4 ,in/ead ( rebuild+ ! frame por* :i* w ne$ con/ant repair & pa9t+1 a new face brick por* ) ei!r a brick or wood5 floor c\ld be built :i* w\ld n only end all repair bills b va/ly improve ! appe>ance ( ! h\se4 ,?is may be accompli%$ v easily4 ,remove ! entire por* except ! ro( :i* %\ld be held by tempor>y supports4 ,aft] excavat+ to ! necess>y dep?1 build a common brick f\ndation to grade = ! pi]s & wall ( ! por*4 ,! pi]s %\ld be ! same dim5sions z ! brick pi]s above1 & ! connect+ wall %\ld be #h in*es ?ick4 ,above ! grade ?is #h-;in* wall %\ld be f9i%$ ) face brick on ! outside1 :ile above ! por* floor x %\ld be face brick on bo? sides2 &1 at ! correct height1 %\ld h a cop+ ( face brick laid on edge4 ,! pi]s %\ld be c>ri$ up to ! por* cornice & may be f9i%$ ) a c\rse ( brick on edge1 project+ slightly1 to mat* ! cop+ on ! por* wall1 or 9 any o!r pla9 or ornam5tal fa%ion desir$4 ,:]e ! walls jo9 ! frame build+ !y %\ld be an*or$ ) nails driv5 into ! wall ! same z already expla9$ = brick v5e] "w4 ,:ile ! co/ ( a new brick por* on an old h\se is mod]ate1 x adds greatly to ! appe>ance ( ! h\se & ?us appreciably increases its m>ket value4 ,,special ,,uses ,,( ,,face ,,brick ,! ,gl[ ( ! ,fri5dly ,he>? ,x is ! dream ( mo/ p :5 plann+ a home to h a real fireplace 9 :i* !y may h a real fire ( real logs1 ar\nd :i* to sit ) family or fri5ds dur+ ! long w9t] ev5+s4 ,e home1 ev5 "o built ( frame or /ucco1 %\ld be provid$ ) at lea/ "o real fireplace4 ,& no matt] :at k9d ( a h\se a man may build1 he won't f9d any?+ else q s good or appropriate = a fireplace z brick4 ,= hav+ /ood ! te/ ( flame 9 _! mak+1 !y defy ! flame 9 _! use4 ,! feel+ t ! ro>+ fire on ! he>? beats h>mlessly aga9/ ! endur+ brick1 z ! sea beats 9 va9 aga9/ a granite headl&1 gives a g5u9e s5se ( security & satisfaction4 ,!n ! texture & color ( ! brick make !m at once adaptable to any type ( room or s*eme ( int]ior decoration ! lady ( ! h\se may *oose4 ,sid5ote3 ,location ,! location ( ! fireplace 9 ! room is ( great importance to its enjoym5t4 ,z x is ! mo/ ornam5tal feature ( ! int]ior ( ! h\se1 x %\ld be giv5 a prom95t position1 b x %\ld n be 9 ! l9e ( travel ?r\gh ! room1 ne> ! entrance door1 or :]e a cross draft sweeps x4 ,! f> end ( ! room is "o ( ! be/ locations2 or bett] /ill1 an +le nook4 ,if plac$ on ! broad side ( a room1 x is pretty sure to project s f> z to r$uce ! practicable wid? (-! room & =ce ! rug ov] ! he>?4 ,if plac$ on an outside wall1 x is be/ n to h l>ge flank+ w9d[s1 z "o does n l to sit fac+ too mu* light1 especially :]e a /rong sun is %9+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,"p ,p]spective ( ,fireplace ,prop] proportions ( ! fireplace op5+ & flue are among ! mo/ ess5tial features ( fireplace con/ruction4 ,! l>g] ! op5+1 ! l>g] ! fire may be & ! m air requir$ or tak5 f ! room = prop] combu/ion1 provid$ ! flue is l>ge en\gh to give suffici5t draft4 ,9 ! av]age home1 ! actual inside area ( flue %\ld nev] be less ?an "o-t5? ( ! area ( ! fireplace op5+4 ,ea* fireplace %\ld h its own individual flue c>ri$ full size to ! top ( ! *imney )\t connections ( any k9d f o!r s\rces4 ,a l[1 broad op5+ is pref]r$ to a n>r[1 high "o1 & splay$ sides are be/ 9 any case1 because bett] draft & radiation are ?us secur$4 ,a l[1 broad op5+ w cat* ! smoke bett] & direct x up ! *imney4 ,! foll[+ dim5sions = fireplaces are consid]$ good practice3 ,fireplace ,op5+s ,wid? ,height ,dep? #b'-h #b'-d #ag to #ba #c'-j #b'-d to #f #ba #d'-j #b'-h #ba to #be ,ar*$ op5+s may be high] ?an indicat$ 9 ! above dim5sions1 z _! av]age height may be tak5 z ! top l9e ( ! op5+4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/ruction ,! ideal =m ( a fireplace w\ld be a cone ) all sides tap]+ to ! apex = ! escape ( smoke4 ,!re=e1 to approa* ?is ideal 9 practice1 ! sides ( ! fireplace are splay$ & ! back curv$ =w>d z %[n 9 ,figs4 #cf & #cg4 ,?is =w>d curve ( ! back ?r[s ! smoke f ! fire =w>d to a ?roat #d in*es wide1 ext5d+ ! full wid? ( ! op5+ at ! front & top ( ! fireplace1 & at ! same "t =ms a %elf above = ! deflection ( d[n drafts 9 ! *imney4 ,! re> wall ( ! fireplace %\ld nev] be /raight1 hav+ ! ?roat at ! re>1 z d[n drafts w\ld be sure to bl[ smoke & du/ into ! room4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,cross ,section ( ,fireplace ,sid5ote3 ,! ,damp] ,always place a damp] 9 ! ?roat = regulation ( ! draft4 ,! damp] %\ld completely fill ! ?roat4 ,!re are _m damp]s on ! m>ket t also s]ve ! purpose ( a l9tel = ! brickwork1 giv+ a smoo? surface = ! exit ( ! smoke4 ,^! pat5t comb9ations ( damp] & ?roat give a good draft1 prev5t smoke1 & des]ve a m g5]al use4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,he>? ,) ,brick on ,edge ,especial c>e %\ld be tak5 9 lay+ up ! brickwork above & ar\nd ! damp]4 ,! jo9ts %\ld be well fill$1 & n[h]e %\ld !re be less ?an an #h-;in* ?ickness ( brickwork unless protect$ by ! flue l9+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,flue ,imm$iately above ! damp]1 ! brickwork %\ld be corbel$ 9 bo? ways to ! size ( ! flue l9+1 :i* %\ld always be />t$ on a l9e ) ! middle ( ! fireplace & run v]tically = "o l5g?4 ,x !n may be jogg$ ov] to ! location desir$ on ! floor above4 ,x %\ld be />t$ z l[ z possible z ?is is ! hotte/ "p ( ! *imney4 ,! back & sides ( ! fireplace1 z well z ! back portion ( ! he>? are usually built ( fire brick4 ,c]ta9 k9ds ( face brick are suitable = ?is purpose & h be5 us$ by ar*itects ) v arti/ic results4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,he>? ,! he>? may be ei!r ( face brick or tile4 ,if ( brick1 !y %\ld be pref]ably smoo? s z to facilitate clean+4 ,!y may be laid ei!r on edge or flat 9 a v>iety ( patt]ns4 ,two examples ( brick he>?s are %[n 9 ,figs4 #ch & #ci1 "o ) ! brick set on edge & ! o!r ) ! brick laid flat4 ,tiles may be ( any size & laid 9 v>i\s patt]ns1 & if suitable1 may be us$ also 9 ! back portion ( small he>?s4 ,! mort> jo9ts ( ! he>? %\ld be ?9 & pref]ably ( a fire clay mort>1 ?\gh pure cem5t mort> w answ] ! purpose4 ,:]ev] possible1 an op5+ & a% *ute 9 ! back he>?1 ) a pit & iron clean\t door 9 ! basem5t1 %\ld be in/all$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,he>? ,) ,brick ,flat ,always build ! fireplace 9 ! r\gh fir/1 leav+ ! brick fac+ & he>? to be f9i%$ aft] ! pla/]] has complet$ 8 "w4 ,! accompany+ designs1 ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 sugge/ v>i\s me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fireplace ,design ,a ,illu/ration3 ,fireplace ,design ,b ,illu/ration3 ,fireplace ,design ,c ,outside ,ornam5tal ,features ,! possibilities ( ! use ( brick = floors1 walks1 /eps1 p]golas1 gate po/s1 seats1 & o!r places ab\t ! h\se & g>d5 are unlimit$4 ,= outside "w x is a mo/ p]man5t & beautiful mat]ial :i* nev] cracks or decays requir+ p]iodic repairs or pa9t+ su* z o!r mat]ials d4 ,x may always be ! same color & texture z ! brickwork ( ! h\se1 !reby l9k+ ! h\se & g>d5 toge!r into "o h>moni\s :ole4 ,sid5ote3 ,/eps ,brick /eps1 except :]e support$ by ! f\ndation wall1 z %[n 9 our work+ draw+s1 %\ld always be laid ov] a concrete slab1 re9=c$1 unless re/+ on solid1 undi/urb$ soil4 ,! concrete slab is p\r$ 9 ! =m ( /eps1 to correspond to ! f9i%$ brick /eps1 b ) prop] all[ance = lay+ ! brick flat or on edge 9 a cu%ion ( s&1 at ! option ( ! own]4 ,figs4 #dj-db illu/rate diff]5t pit*es ( /eps & me?ods ( sett+ ! brick4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ! lay+ ( brick /eps1 if !y h to )/& sev]e usage4 ,! jo9ts %\ld all be fill$ ) a ri* cem5t mort> compos$ ( "o "p cem5t to two p>ts s&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,/eps ) ,end-set ,treads ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,/eps ) ,flat-set ,treads ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,/eps ) ,edge-set ,treads ,sid5ote3 ,walks & ,floors ,brick walks & floors1 ) ! brick on edge or flat1 are usually laid on a fill+ ( c9d]s or s&1 b if subject$ to h>d use1 !y %\ld be plac$ on a b$ ( concrete ! same z /eps4 ,two favorite patt]ns ( edge set brick are %[n 9 ,figs4 #ee & #ef4 ,! brick may be laid flat 9 ! same patt]ns1 b ! effect is n q s pleas+4 ,! jo9ts 9 ! brick walk or floor are usually fill$ ) s&1 swept into place ) a broom s z ?or\ghly to fill ! jo9ts1 b !y may be fill$ ) cem5t gr\t+ if desir$4 ,! ?9 gr\t+ is c>efully p\r$ into ! jo9ts aft] ! brick are laid1 & all gr\t+ t spills on ! surface ( ! brick clean$ (f be=e x h>d5s4 ,! bord]s ( ! walk or floor may be made ( brick set on edge or on end2 or1 if pref]r$1 ( concrete1 especially :5 ! walk or floor is plac$ on concrete4 ,if x is desir$ to prev5t grass & moss f gr[+ 9 s&$ jo9ts1 mix salt ) ! s& be=e fill+ ! jo9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,p]gola ,po/ ,sid5ote3 ,p]golas ,= p]gola po/s1 brick imp>ts a feel+ ( /r5g? & solidity1 yet c>e mu/ be tak5 n to make ! po/s too l>ge1 z !y w be entirely out ( fit proportion to ! light wood5 raft]s & v9es :i* !y support4 ,9 mo/ cases1 a po/ #ab in*es squ>e w be ab\t ! "r size4 ,f\ndations = ^! po/s %\ld always ext5d bel[ ! fro/ l9e & be ( brick or concrete4 ,a long1 "o half in* /eel rod ) nuts & l>ge wa%]s at ea* end %\ld be imb$d$ ab\t #ah in*es 9 ?is f\ndation & ext5d beyond ! top ( ! f9i%$ po/4 ,! brickwork ( ! po/ above grade %\ld be "o brick ?ick1 laid 9 cem5t or cem5t-lime mort> giv+ a holl[ space #d in*es squ>e 9 ! c5t] ( ! #ab-;in* po/4 ,z ! "w progresses ?is space is fill$ ) concrete ar\nd ! rod1 :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh ! c5t]1 b9ds ! brickwork toge!r 9 a solid1 re9=c$ mass 7,fig4 #dc74 ,! cap ( ! po/ may be ei!r brick1 /one1 or concrete plac$ :5 fill+ ! int]ior4 ,! wood5 gird]s ( ! p]gola may n[ be bolt$ to ! po/ by means ( ! bolt project+ above ! top4 ,if conditions or design dem& a heavi] po/ ?an #ab in*es squ>e1 z 9 ,fig4 #dd1 no /eel rod re9=c+ w be necess>y = /ability4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,l>ge ,por* or ,p]gola ,po/ ,sid5ote3 ,gate po/s ,gate po/s are usually l[] & heavi] ?an p]gola po/s & made /able en\gh to c>ry :atev] weight ! iron or wood5 gate may dem&4 ,l>ge driveway gates 7,fig4 #de7 %\ld h a /eel ,i-beam or angle plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! po/ & ext5d+ f ! bottom ( ! f\ndation to ! top ( ! po/4 ,! an*ors = ! support ( ! gates %\ld be rivet$ to ?is /eel beam or angle s t no undue /ra9 w be ex]t$ on ! brickwork4 ,! brickwork %\ld always be laid 9 cem5t or cem5t-lime mort>4 ,if ornam5tal caps are desir$1 !y %\ld be ( /one or concrete4 ,on l>ge po/s1 x is desirable to lay brickwork 9 "s natural bond z ?is n only increases ! rigidity ( ! po/ b gives a beautiful effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,g>d5 ,walls ,long1 /raight g>d5 walls "u #d feet 9 height may be built #h in*es ?ick2 ov] #d feet high !y %\ld be #ab in*es ?ick4 ,if ! walls are snort or re9=c$ at int]vals ) buttresses !y may be only #h in*es ?ick provid$ !y are n c>ri$ up ov] #f feet4 ,a foot+ is n ne$$ b ! f\ndation ( common brick %\ld ext5d bel[ fro/ l9e4 ,! wall %\ld be f9i%$ on bo? sides ) face brick1 laid ) cem5t-lime mort> 9 a natural bond1 & %\ld h a brick r[lock cop+ laid 9 ri* cem5t mort>4 ,fig4 #de gives an idea ( a g>d5 wall ) soldi] base & r[lock cop+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,face ,brick ,gate ,po/ ,,brick ,,bonds ,bond 9 brickwork is ! ov]lapp+ ( ! brick "o ^u ! o!r1 ei!r along ! l5g? ( ! wall or ?r\gh its ?ickness1 9 ord] to b9d !m toge!r into a secure /ructural mass4 ,x is true1 mort> is us$ to cem5t ! brick toge!r into a monoli?ic :ole1 b ! real bond is ! ov]lapp+ ( ! brick :i* ! mort> s]ves to ma9ta94 ,units are %ift$ back & =? s t ! v]tical jo9ts 9 two successive lay]s or c\rses d n come into l9e2 9 o!r words1 ! brick are laid s z to break jo9t1 ! :ole =m+ a natural bond or a /ructural unity giv+ /r5g? to ! wall4 ,! /r5g? & rigidity ( a wall due to ?is bond+ are cle>ly %[n 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,a conc5trat$ load at any po9t on ! wall is ?us di/ribut$ ov] a l>g] area z indicat$ by ! dott$ arr[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,bond+ ,/r5g? ,sid5ote3 ,/ret*] & ,head] ,9 speak+ ( brick bond1 two t]ms are con/antly recurr+1 viz41 /ret*] & head]4 ,:5 a brick is laid l5g?wise ( ! wall1 ?us %[+ its long1 n>r[ dim5sion or face on ! surface1 x is call$ a /ret*]4 ,if its l5g? ext5ds back into ! wall1 s t its %ort dim5sion %[s on ! surface1 x is call$ a head]4 ,! /ret*] secures /r5g? 9 ! l5g? ( ! wall4 ,! head] s]ves to =m ! transv]se bond1 t is1 ! /r5g? ( ! wall ?r\gh its ?ickness4 ,:5 a brick is brok51 z ! case may require1 ! fragm5t is call$ a bat4 ,bats are us$ ei!r simply to fill 92 or1 z def9ite siz$ pieces1 cut & us$ to make ! bond come out "r1 9 :i* case !y are call$ closures4 ,:ile at c]ta9 po9ts ( ! wall bats may be necess>y1 !y %\ld be sp>+ly us$ & !n only accord+ to ! be/ practices ( ! craft4 ,sid5ote3 ,design 9 ,bonds ,9 ! old days1 & inde$ up to comp>atively rec5t times1 brick bond 0 us$ only 9 a /ructural or natural way1 t is1 to secure ! /r5g? ( ! wall z a solid mass2 b 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,european build]s began to see an arti/ic possibility 9 ! bond z x appe>$ on ! surface4 ,!y began to see ! f9e trac]y ( ! mort> jo9t runn+ ov] ! backgr\nd ( ! brick1 :i* c\ld be v>i$ into attractive patt]ns by diff]5t arrangem5t ( ! brick bond4 ,z a consequ5ce1 !re h be5 develop$1 9 ! ma91 ?ree diff]5t types ( bond1 ,runn+ or ,/ret*]1 ,engli%1 & ,flemi%1 :i* are us$ at ! pres5t day1 ) v>i\s modifications1 to secure attractive effects 9 patt]n4 ,:51 z comp>$ ) ! pa/1 ! great v>iety ( brick colors & textures n[ (f]$ is tak5 into consid]ation1 x may be realiz$ :at *>m+ results may be secur$ 9 ! wall surface by ! comb9ation ( brick patt]ns1 colors1 textures1 & mort> jo9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,runn+ ,! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s ( ^! bonds is :at is call$ ,runn+ or ,/ret*] ,bond4 ,! wall surface is made up ( /ret*] c\rses hav+ at ! corn]s a head] :i* appe>s z a /ret*] on ! return side4 ,?is bond has ! m]it ( be+ v /rong longitud9ally1 b lacks transv]se /r5g?2 consequ5tly1 x is modifi$ into :at is call$ ,common or ,am]ican ,bond by lay+ a c\rse ( head]s ab\t e six? c\rse 7,fig4 #dg74 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! effect ( ! runn+ bond1 a special d\ble head] bond is sometimes us$ z expla9$ on page #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,common or ,am]ican ,bond ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,engli% ,bond ,?is me?od ( us+ head]s z 9 ,common or ,am]ican ,bond1 9 ord] to secure transv]se /r5g? ( wall1 c be treat$ 9 a way to produce v mu* m pleas+ effects1 z may be se5 9 ! ,engli% & ,flemi% ,bonds4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% or ,dut* ,! ,engli% ,bond is made up ( alt]nat+ c\rses ( /ret*]s & head]s 7,fig4 #dh74 ,?is produces a v pleas+ s]ies ( ,greek crosses & ripple l9es up & d[n ! surface ( ! wall1 & ! ,engli% brickbuild]s claim = x ! great m]it ( giv+ transv]se /r5g? to ! wall4 ,x h[ev] has a c]ta9 monotony t has lead to a modification :i* greatly beautifies x z a patt]n1 by break+ ! jo9ts ( ! successive /ret*] c\rses 7,fig4 #di74 ,?is is call$ ,engli% ,cross or ,dut* ,bond & results 9 a v attractive patt]n 9 ! wall ( ,greek crosses runn+ 9 diagonal l9es4 ,! ,dut* ,bond diff]s f ! ,engli% ,bond only 9 ! way ! corn]s ( ! wall are treat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,engli% ,cross or ,dut* ,bond ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,flemi% ,bond ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,g>d5 ,wall ,bond ,sid5ote3 ,flemi% ,! ,flemi% ,bond 7,fig4 #ej7 secures its effect by lay+ ea* c\rse 9 alt]nate /ret*]s & head]s1 ! head] re/+ ^u ! facile ( ! /ret*] 9 successive c\rses4 ,?is produces a v attractive patt]n ( inlaid ,greek crosses & is a favorite among build]s because ( its arti/ic effect4 ,x also may be modifi$ 9 v>i\s ways by %ift+ ! /ret*] or head] s z to produce diff]5t patt]n effects1 ?us ! ,g>d5 ,wall ,bond s-call$ 7,fig4 #ea71 is made by lay+ ! c\rses ) f two to f\r /ret*]s alt]nat+ ) a head]4 ,figs4 #dg-ea1 illu/rat+ ! above bonds1 are all drawn to %[ bo? ext]ior & int]ior corn]s ( a wall1 :i* is drawn z a two-brick wall at ! left end & a ?ree-brick wall at ! "r4 ,! inside face ( ! ?ree-brick wall 9 all cases is bond$ to ! middle ti] by ,common ,bond4 ,! me?od ( />t+ ! bond at ! corn] is cle>ly %[n1 :e!r by a qu>t]1 half1 ?ree-qu>t]1 or :ole brick1 also h[ ! brick are cut or clipp$1 & h[ closures are us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb ,fig4 #ec ,diamond ,bond ,patt]ns ,sid5ote3 ,face ,brick ,patt]ns ,) ^! ?ree fundam5tal bonds--! ,runn+ or ,/ret*]1 ! ,engli%1 & ! ,flemi%1 innum]able o!r patt]ns may be made by ! simple device ( %ift+ ! /ret*] or head] 9 successive c\rses back & =?1 always break+ ! jo9t1 t is1 nev] p]mitt+ two successive v]tical jo9ts to lie 9 ! same l9e4 ,to illu/rate1 we give examples ( diamond-%ap$ patt]ns 9 ,figs4 #eb & #ec :i* are secur$ by a modification ( ! ,g>d5 ,wall ,bond4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 only 9 case ( l>ge wall surfaces t patt]ns ( an elaborate "* c\ld be recomm5d$2 ord9>ily1 ! ?ree bonds m5tion$1 ) _! simple modifications1 w cov] all requirem5ts ( dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,simple patt]ns 9 brickwork may be made v attractive4 ,any dep>ture f simple bonds adds to ! co/ ( ! bricklay+4 ,9 addition to bonds prop] & ! patt]ns t may be wov5 out ( !m1 !re are c]ta9 o!r pleas+ ornam5tal effects t may be secur$ 9 ! wall surface by ! arrangem5t ( ! brick4 ,?us = a wat] table or a sill c\rse1 ! head] or ! /ret*] may be set v]tically4 ,treat$ 9 ?is way head]s are call$ r[-locks & /ret*]s1 soldi]s 7see ,figs4 #dd & #de74 ,= dadoes & friezes or = panel+1 especially on l>ge surfaces1 patt]ns ( a simple or ornate design may be us$1 z 9 ,figs4 #eb-ef4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,*eck]bo>d ,patt]n ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4 ,basket ,weave ,patt]n ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,h]r+bone ,patt]n ,,mort> ,,jo9ts ,sid5ote3 ,great ,importance ,9 exam9+ ! bond 9 a brick wall1 ! eye naturally is fir/ attract$ to ! brick units z s _m color$ spots arrang$ 9 diff]5t ord] s z to produce a c]ta9 patt]n effect2 b ?is patt]n effect 9 ! brickwork dep5ds v l>gely ^u :at at fir/ may be ov]look$ or disreg>d$1 ! mort> jo9t4 ,! m5tion ( mort> sugge/s 9 ! m9d a v commonplace ?+ :i* ! workman mixes & c>ries 9 a hod to ! bricklay]2 b x is concave "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts ent]+ into ! beauty1 z well z ! /r5g?1 ( a brick wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,mort> ,jo9ts ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( ,mort> ,color ,:5 y consid] t all ! jo9ts 9 brickwork1 bo? v]tical or head jo9ts1 & horizontal or b$ jo9ts1 are fill$ ) mort> wea!r$ ( "o color or ano!r1 am\nt+ on an av]age to "o-sev5? ( ! wall1 x is evid5t :at a vital "p !y play 9 ! appe>ance ( ! entire wall surface4 ,an arti/ w tell y t ?is am\nt ( color introduc$ into any surface w greatly modify1 by contra/ or analogy1 ! g5]al effect1 s t x is ( ! utmo/ importance1 9 select+ ! sort ( brick y wi% = y\r wall surface1 t y also select ! mort> jo9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ree ,elem5ts ,involv$ ,?ree elem5ts mu/ be c>efully consid]$ 9 deal+ ) ! mort> jo9t3 its color1 its texture1 & its size & k9d4 ,! color ( ! mort> jo9t may be su* z entirely to de/roy ! beauty ( ! brick4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x is prop]ly *os51 x w br+ out ! f9e %ades & tones ( ! brick 9 su* a way z to enhance v greatly its natural beauty4 ,!n1 ! mort> jo9t has a c]ta9 texture :i* is produc$ ei!r by f9i%+ x r\gh or smoo?+ x ) ! tr[el or a tool made = t purpose4 ,?is m]e treatm5t ( ! surface ( ! mort> jo9t has m to d ) ! appe>ance ( ! wall ?an "o might at fir/ suppose4 ,9 addition to t1 ! size ( ! mort> jo9t1 runn+ f a ?9 butt]$ jo9t up to an in* 9 wid? affects ! color relation ( ! :ole surface2 & ! k9d ( jo9t1 :e!r cut flu%1 rak$ out1 or tool$ 9 v>i\s %apes1 has a di/9ct be>+ on ! :ole effect 7,fig4 #eg74 ,9 a ^w1 d n neglect ! mort> jo9t1 = x is "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts t g to make up ! beautiful fabric ( ! brick wall1 9 ! build+ ( :i* !re is des]v$ & requir$ ! ex]cise ( a f9e discrim9at+ ta/e4 ,all 9 all1 :at ) ! conv5i5t units ( /ret*] & head]1 ea* ) its color & texture1 y h a m$ium 9 ! *oice ( bond1 mort> jo9t1 & patt]n = weav+ ! mo/ *>m+ mosaic or tape/ry effects into ! wall surface1 a possibility (f]$ by no o!r mat]ial ?an face brick4 ,mort> ,colors ,color$ mort> jo9ts may be produc$ 9 two ways1 fir/1 by ! use ( a natural color$ s& or gr\nd granite or o!r /one1 & secondly1 by ! use ( artificial mort> colors4 ,pure :ite jo9ts are obta9$ by us+ :ite s& or gr\nd lime/one or m>ble4 ,z ! color ( ! mort> greatly affects ! appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ wall1 mu* c>e %\ld be giv5 to ! selection & prop] use ( ^! colors1 :e!r natural or artificial4 ,z ! color ( ! f9i%$ mort> aft] x has set & dri$ is nev] ! same z t ( ! fre% mort>1 exp]i5ce is ! only guide = ! prop] prep>ation ( ! mort>4 ,someone has well said t ! "r way to make mort> is to mix bra9s ) x4 ,:5 artificial color is us$1 x %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! dry s&4 ,nev] add ?is mixture to hot lime4 ,b aft] ! slak$ lime has ?or\ghly cool$1 mix x ) ! color$ s& 9 bat*es 9 a sep>ate box4 ,if pref]r$1 ! color may be made into a ?ick pa/e ) wat] & !n add$ directly to ! mort>4 ,9 ei!r case1 ?or\gh mix+ & uni=m proportion ( quantities are ess5tial4 ,! m ?or\gh ! mix+ & uni=m ! proportions1 ! m p]man5t & uni=m w be ! color & ! less color requir$4 ,use ! be/ colors obta9able on ! m>ket1 z *eap colors may ru9 ! appe>ance ( ! wall4 ,sid5ote3 ,quantities ,z to quantity requir$1 ! exact am\nt ( color v>ies greatly ) ! exact %ade ( ! color select$1 ! wid? ( ! mort> jo9t1 & ! br& us$4 ,z a fair g5]al e/imate1 x w take approximately #ge p\nds ( color+ matt] = e #ajjj bricks laid ) #c_/h to #a_/b-;in* mort> jo9ts4 ,b x is always safe/ to foll[ ! directions ( ! manufactur] z to ! k9d ( color & ! exact am\nt requir$4 ,v>i\s ,k9ds ( ,mort> ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials ,mort>1 z ! bond+ mat]ial betwe5 brick1 mu/ be giv5 c>eful att5tion z ! /r5g? ( ! wall dep5ds on its quality4 ,mort> is compos$ ( s& & ei!r lime or cem5t1 or bo?4 ,9 all cases ! mat]ials %\ld be ! be/4 ,! cem5t %\ld pass ! te/ ( ! ,am]ican ,society = ,te/+ ,mat]ials4 ,! lime %\ld be ei!r fre% & well-burn$ lump lime1 slak$ s z to produce a smoo?1 puttylike mass )\t lumps1 or ! prep>$ hydrat$ k9d f\nd on ! m>ket4 ,! s& %\ld be %>p1 clean1 & free f =eign matt]1 & scre5$ ?r\gh a me% ( ! size to secure ! prop] f95ess4 ,= wide jo9ts1 ! mort> ne$s1 in/ead ( s&1 f9e gravel ( ! size requir$ to give x suffici5t body4 ,sid5ote3 ,k9ds ( ,mort> ,9 l>ge cities ! build+ ord9ances require c]ta9 mixtures ( mort>4 ,= v>i\s mixtures see page #ajd4 ,b :]e !re are no legal requirem5ts1 ! contractor's own judgm5t & exp]i5ce %\ld guide him 9 ! selection ( ! prop] mix1 z ea* "o has c]ta9 qualities :i* recomm5d x4 ,portl& cem5t mort> is /iff] & h>d] to "w ?an lime mort>1 b %\ld always be us$ :]e p]man5ce & /r5g? are requir$1 z 9 expos$ or heavy be>+ situations1 or 9 cold wea!r :5 ! mort> mu/ set be=e x freezes4 ,lime mort> may d = ! usual "w1 above ! grade 9 dry w>m climates4 ,x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be us$ = basem5t walls1 except possibly :]e ! soil is extremely dry1 nor = pi]s or po9ts 9 ! wall t c>ry heavy loads4 ,x is smoo? & works easily1 s t m brick c be laid p] day ?an ) cem5t mort>1 b its use %\ld be limit$ to ! prop] situations4 ,cem5t-lime mort> has ! comb9$ qualities ( bo? cem5t mort> & lime mort>4 ,x has bo? /r5g? & good work+ qualities1 & co/s less ?an cem5t mort>4 ,x is pref]r$ by _m to cem5t mort>2 we recomm5d its use 9 prop] situations1 ?r\gh\t ?is ,manual4 ,sid5ote3 ,mix+ ,cem5t ,mort> ,cem5t mort> mu/ be mix$ & us$ imm$iately1 z cem5t sets v quickly4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 x %\ld n be made 9 l>ge quantities &1 once x has obta9$ a p>tial set1 %\ld nev] be re-temp]$4 ,! cem5t & s& = cem5t mort> %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ :ile dry1 by turn+ ! mat]ial ov] ?ree or f\r times ) a %ovel1 :5 suffici5t wat] to make a pla/ic mass %\ld be add$1 turn+ aga9 sev]al times4 ,x is always desirable to add a small quantity ( lime1 :5 temp]+ ! cem5t mort>1 9 ord] to make x easi] to "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,mix+ ,lime ,mort> ,lump lime %\ld be slak$ z soon z possible aft] deliv]y on ! job4 ,if x is all[$ to /& = any l5g? ( "t1 x %\ld be /or$ 9 an air-tight box2 o!rwise1 x may become air slak$1 r$uc+ mo/ly to p[d] & s(t1 crumbly lumps4 ,! fre% lime is always 9 h>d lumps & %\ld be free f c9d]s4 ,lime is slak$ 9 a mort> box by add+ wat] to ! lump lime4 ,on add+ wat] ! lime becomes v hot1 gives (f vapor1 & f9ally bur/ into a p[d] :i* gradually r$uces to a pa/e kn[n z lime putty4 ,! exact am\nt ( wat] necess>y v>ies ) diff]5t limes1 b 9 all cases1 ! "r proportions us$ 9 slak+ mu/ be wat*$ c>efully4 ,an excess ( wat] w /op ! slak+ process4 ,if n en\gh wat] is us$ ! lime w burn & lose its /r5g?4 ,if left ov]night1 ! mort> box %\ld be cov]$ ) planks4 ,:5 slak+ is complet$1 ! lime is r$uc$ to :at is call$ putty1 :i* %\ld be ( uni=m consi/5cy ?r\gh\t1 conta9+ no unslak$ lumps4 ,! s& %\ld n[ be add$1 ! exact am\nt dep5d+ ^u ! quality ( mort> desir$1 & ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! putty1 & !n %ovel$ out on wood5 planks :]e x %\ld rema9 = at lea/ a week be=e us+4 ,sid5ote3 ,hydrat$ lime ,hydrat$ lime is 9 p[d]$ =m & ne$s no o!r prep>ation ?an ! addition ( wat]4 ,its quality is uni=m & produces satisfactory results1 ev5 :5 exp]i5c$ labor _c be obta9$1 & may be us$ at once on ! job4 ,its uni=mity & ! facility x gives 9 h&l+ ! mort> make x pref]able to lump lime al?\gh x co/s some:at m4 ,! mix+ ( cem5t-lime mort> is v simple1 z all t is ne$$ is to add ! prop] am\nt ( cem5t to ! lime mort>1 at ! "t x is temp]$ = use1 & v ?or\ghly mix into a consi/5t mass4 ,sid5ote3 ,temp]+ ,mort> ,work+ ! mort> & add+ wat] to br+ x to prop] consi/5cy = actual use on ! job is call$ temp]+1 a process t %\ld be cont9u$ until ! mort> slides easily (f ! tr[el4 ,all :ite spots1 :i* are really small lumps ( lime1 %\ld be made to disappe>2 o!rwise1 ^! lumps w swell & pop aft] ! mort> is laid 9 ! wall4 ,,increas+ ,,fire ,,protection ,sid5ote3 ,lessons f ,europe ,! loss by fire :i* ! p ( ?is c\ntry suff] e ye>1 bo? 9 human lives & 9 prop]ty values1 is appall+4 ,! loss ( life1 accord+ to cons]vation e/imates ( ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s am\nts to #ae1jjj p]sons annually1 & ! de/ruction ( prop]ty approa*es an av]age ( a qu>t] ( a billion doll>s e ye>4 ,?is c]ta9ly is a fe>ful tribute to pay = our crim9al neglig5ce & mi/ak5 economies4 ,we h rec5tly be5 le>n+ ! sci5ce & art ( w> f ,europe to combat unju/ aggression1 b we h a mu* bett] lesson to le>n f ! old] c\ntry 9 our fight aga9/ ! ru?less fire fi5d4 ,mak+ all all[ance = diff]5ce 9 ! pur*as+ value ( money betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 x /ill speaks ill = our good s5se t we1 ov] a hundr$ million /rong1 besides endur+ all ! suff]+ involv$1 %\ld all[ our ,national a% heap to co/ u upw>ds ( #b4jj a piece1 :5 ! ,european c\ntries manage to get ?r\gh on a p] capita co/ ( f #aa to #di c5ts4 ,! ,demon ( ,c>elessness may acc\nt = mu* ( ?is inexcusable diff]5ce1 b our mi/ak5 s5se ( economy1 9 us+ *eap1 combu/ible types ( con/ruction1 is l>gely to blame4 ,sid5ote3 ,individual ,duty ,! cure = ?is disgraceful /atus 9 our fire losses %\ld n be left entirely to municipal ord9ances & fire insurance requirem5ts1 b %\ld beg9 ) e individual :o builds a home4 ,he %\ld make x 8 fir/ conc]n to see t 8 h\se is z completely protect$ f fire z possible1 n only = ! safety ( himself & family b also = t ( ! community 9 :i* he lives & ( :i* he %\ld =m a responsible "p4 ,!re=e1 brick z a build+ mat]ial makes ! /ronge/ sort ( appeal to y\r prospective cli5ts because ( its entire pro(ness aga9/ fire4 ,e brick y put into a h\se is firepro(1 s t ! m brick y use1 ! m completely is ! h\se free f ! risk ( fire4 ,b 9 situations :]e brick are n or _c be us$ 9 h\se con/ruction1 z mu* protection aga9/ fire z possible %\ld be secur$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ro( ,z ! ro( is always a v vuln]able "p ( ! h\se1 9 case ( outside fires1 x %\ld be cov]$ ) a non-combu/ible or fire-resi/+ mat]ial su* z %+le tile1 slate1 asbe/os1 or asphalt4 ,?is w n only r$uce insurance rates b w complete ! h\se consi/5tly ) ! p]man5t firepro( nature ( face brick wall con/ruction4 ,s]i\s consid]ation %\ld be giv5 ?is po9t :5 plann+ a h\se2 =1 by adopt+ a ro( ( ?is "*1 ea* individual own] n only gu>ds 8 own welf>e b helps to r$uce ! enorm\s annual fire loss 9 ?is c\ntry :i* re/s z a burd5 ^u ev]yone4 ,sid5ote3 ,wood5 ,%+les ,! wood5 %+le ro( is j s mu* t9d] ready to be set ablaze by an adjac5t fire or a fly+ firebr& & 9 turn ?r[s (f simil> sp>ks :i* are c>ri$ by ! w9d1 ?us communicat+ fire f "o h\se to ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,fire ,resi/ive ,%+les ,%+le tile1 slate1 & asbe/os are ! mo/ firepro( z well z ! mo/ exp5sive 9 ! gr\p ( p]man5t ro( cov]+s4 ,!y are heavi] ?an ! wood5 %+le & g5]ally require a /rong] ro( con/ruction to support !m4 ,ea* has arti/ic qualities ( its own 9 ! way ( p]man5t textures & colors :i* recomm5d x4 ,asphalt %+les1 :ile n firepro(1 are fire-resi/ive to a v great degree4 ,!y d n support combu/ion1 _c be set afire by fly+ br&s1 & ?us ret>d ! spread ( fire4 ,!y are light 9 weight & c be plac$ ov] ! same ro( con/ruction z ! wood5 %+le4 ,we /rongly recomm5d ! use ( any ( ! above m5tion$ ro( mat]ials 9 connection ) a face brick h\se4 ,sid5ote3 ,co/s ,z a g5]al approximate e/imate1 we might say t a slate ro( ( #c_/af-;in* comm]cial slate w\ld increase ! co/ ( ! h\se two p] c5t1 z comp>$ ) ! use ( a wood5 %+le ro(4 ,%+le tile w\ld co/ p]haps a little m ?an slate1 :ile asbe/os %+le w\ld come a little less4 ,asphalt w\ld co/ no m ?an wood5 %+les1 p]haps n q s mu*4 ,b we sugge/ y\r see+ ! local deal] :o w gladly furni% all in=mation on ^! diff]5t mat]ials z to durability & exact local co/4 ,sid5ote3 ,fire ,risks ,accord+ to ! figures ( ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s1 ! relation ( outside to inside fires1 = #aiaf to #aiah1 is pres5t$ 9 ! table giv5 bel[4 ,! figures = #aiai 7 n compil$ at ?is writ+ b ! ratios w\ld d\btless run ab\t ! same1 & ! lesson is obvi\s4 ,if ! #be to #cj p] c5t ( fires />t$ f )\t call = fire-safe ext]ior con/ruction1 ! #gj to #ge p] c5t ( int]ior fires dem& special c>e aga9/ fire )94 ,mu* ( ! int]ior ( a h\se is ( burnable mat]ial1 & ! matt] becomes v s]i\s :5 x conc]ns ! wood5 floors & p>titions :i* 9 case ( fire may be consum$1 result+ 9 ! total collapse ( ! int]ior4 ,^! portions may be protect$ f ! attack ( fire by ! use ( a fir/-class metal la? or ev5 gypsum pla/] bo>d1 z a base = pla/]+1 :i* w\ld at lea/ ret>d ! fire f spread+ until x c\ld be subdu$ & put "u control4 ,sid5ote3 ,protect ,weak ,p>ts ,in/ead ( protect+ ! entire int]ior by metal la? or gypsum bo>d ! desir$ result may be obta9$ by us+ x 9 c]ta9 places consid]$ mo/ haz>d\s4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! frame be>+ p>titions ?r\gh ! middle ( ! brick or tile h\se1 :i* are ! ma9 supports = ! floors above1 & ceil+s "u inhabit$ floors1 %\ld be protect$2 &1 9 case ( v5e] con/ruction1 simil> treatm5t on ! inside surface ( ext]ior walls w\ld add greatly to ! safety & value ( ! h\se4 ,z fires may orig9ate 9 ! ceil+ ov] ! heat] & coal b9s1 at *imney brea/s1 & ar\nd flues1 metal la? or gypsum bo>d at ^! po9ts w\ld ret>d ! spread ( fire2 & its use ar\nd1 b especially "u1 /airs w\ld give a f> saf] exit f ! upp] /ory ( ! h\se4 ,hav+ built a face brick h\se = y\r cli5t1 z ! mo/ sub/antial & attractive con/ruction to be _h1 protect$ on ! outside ) a ro( ( p]man5t mat]ial1 & on ! inside ) fire-resi/ive mat]ial at ! weake/ po9ts1 y h giv5 him ! be/ possible value = 8 money1 9 a /ructure at once beautiful1 endur+1 economical1 & safe aga9/ fire4 ,outside & ,inside ,causes ( ,fire ,outside ,causes ,all ,causes ,outside ,causes ,p]c5tage #aiaf ,claims #cfa1gdb #aad1ijj #ca4gf ,loss #bjh1gje1cdj #ef1fhd1hcg #bb4cf #aiag ,claims #cef1hif #hh1edi #bd4ha ,loss #bca1fbh1jjj #fa1iga1aef #bf4ge #aiah ,claims #cbh1gcg #ajd1fbb #ca4hc ,loss #bhc1ajc1aja #gi1idg1ice #bh4bd ,a ,,collection ( ,,practical ,,plans ,,c>efully ,,/udi$ ,,to ,,meet ,,mod]n ,,requirem5ts ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,face ,,brick ,,h\se ,,designs ,! ?irty-"o face brick h\ses "h %[n 7 design$ = u by ,messrs4 ,dean ,dean1 well-kn[n ar*itects ( ,*icago1 :o h be5 especially successful 9 plann+ ! small h\se4 ,to get ! effect ( v>i\s color-ton$ brick1 we _h ! ar*itects' p]spectives done 9 oil1 & 7 =tunate en\gh to secure = ?is purpose ! skillful h& ( ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,ju]g5s1 an arti/ :o has won an enviable reputation 9 ?is c\ntry = 8 exquisite color "w4 ,:ile ! reproductions1 "h pres5t$1 _c adequately give ! effect ( ! orig9als1 !y fairly repres5t ! possibility ( beautiful color effects 9 brickwork4 ,if y /udy ! floor plans c>efully1 y w f9d !m mod]n 9 arrangem5t & conv5i5tly plann$ s z to save /eps = ! woman ( ! h\se4 ,?is economical int]ior arrangem5t also effects an economy 9 co/ ( con/ruction4 ,! dim5sions ( ! rooms are %[n1 also ! location ( ! furniture is sugge/$1 help+ m ?an any?+ else to visualize ! size & proportions ( ! plans4 ,! light+ outlets1 swit*es1 & receptacles are indicat$ accord+ to ! table ( symbols giv5 bel[4 ,sid5ote3 ,work+ ,draw+s ,! full work+ draw+s1 done at a scale ( "o-qu>t] in* to ! foot1 include floor plans1 elevations1 & all necess>y details4 ,! elevations %[ ! size & %ape ( all w9d[s1 doors1 cornices1 por*es1 /eps1 *imneys1 & ! pit* ( all ro(s4 ,! plans give ! size ( all rooms & closets1 ! location ( all doors1 w9d[s1 /airs1 plumb+ fixtures1 cab9ets1 lights & heat+ regi/]s1 & are fully dim5sion$4 ,! details drawn to a l>g] scale include sections ( all int]ior trim1 kit*5 or pantry cab9ets1 & sections ?r\gh ! ext]ior wall1 giv+ /ory & w9d[ heights4 ,"o ( ! special m]its ( ^! draw+s is t ?ree wall sections are giv5 = ea* h\se1 %[+ ! complete wall con/ruction = solid brick1 face brick on holl[ tile1 & face brick on wood /uds4 ,?is feature is valuable z ! pur*as] may build ! h\se accord+ to ! me?od ( con/ruction he wi%es2 he is also ?us put 9 a position to obta9 figures ea* way to det]m9e = himself ! co/s ( ! diff]5t types ( con/ruction 9 8 locality4 ,sid5ote3 ,specifications ,! specifications give full description ( all mat]ials & items n usually %[n on ! plans4 ,!y are v cle> & explicit1 s t !re c be no possibility ( misund]/&+4 ,su* items z k9d & grade ( lumb]1 int]ior f9i% & floor1 & k9d ( brick1 are left = ! individual to det]m9e = himself1 z !y are matt]s ( p]sonal pref]5ce4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( ro(s are specifi$1 includ+ tile1 slate1 asbe/os1 asphalt1 & wood5 %+le4 ,! own] may /rike out f ! specifications ! ones he does n wi%4 ,sid5ote3 ,quantity ,survey ,! quantity survey is a complete bill ( mat]ials = ! brickwork1 c>p5try1 & pla/]+ "w1 ) blank columns = ! use ( ! e/imator 9 fill+ 9 8 prices4 ,?is feature is n only ( great assi/ance to ! contractor :5 e/imat+1 b assures ! own] t compet+ contractors are figur+ on ! same mat]ials4 ,?is survey is compil$ to li/ ! mat]ials necess>y = a h\se ) walls ( solid brick1 giv+ at ! same "t alt]native quantities = walls ( face brick on holl[ tile1 & face brick on wood /uds4 ,! quantity survey giv5 is bas$ ^u a level lot s t if ! h\se is to be built ^u a slope1 c]ta9 *anges w h to be made 9 ! quantities ( face & common brick4 ,x mu/ also be not$ t ! por* f\ndations are %[n f\r feet bel[ grade1 a dep? meet+ ! av]age climatic conditions4 ,if ! h\se1 !re=e1 is to be con/ruct$ 9 a w>m climate1 ^! f\ndations ne$ n ext5d s deep4 ,if 9 a v cold climate1 on ! o!r h&1 all f\ndations may h to be ext5d$ to ! cu/om>y dep? = t locality4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! quantity ( common brick %\ld be adju/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,symbols4 ,sid5ote3 ,rev]sal ,a v valuable feature ( ^! plans & elevations is ! fact t ea* set is drawn 9 ! rev]se ) a diff]5t ext]ior design1 s z to meet ! requirem5ts ( any location y desire4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y pref] ! plans ( "o set & ! elevations ( ! rev]se1 ord] ! draw+s t way4 ,we w s5d bo? elevations1 s t = y\r conv5i5ce y c use ! figures on ! orig9al 9 place ( ! rev]s$ figures on ! rev]se4 ,y ?us h 9 ! case ( ea* h\se ?ree *oices1 ! orig9al1 its complete rev]se1 & its p>tial rev]se4 ,9 locations :]e no public me?od ( sewage disposal exi/s1 ! own] w h to in/all a disposal sy/em ( 8 own4 ,if ?is is ! case1 let u "k :5 ord]+ y\r plans1 & we w s5d y1 )\t additional *>ge1 details & description ( an inexp5sive sy/em ( sewage disposal t w fill y\r requirem5ts4 ,y w f9d ?is subject amply treat$ 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #eg ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture on ,wat] ,supply1 ,plumb+1 & ,sewage ,disposal = ,c\ntry ,h\ses4 ,sid5ote3 ,co/s ,we c\ld n v5ture to /ate ! total co/ ( any ( ! h\ses %[n1 z prices n only v>y 9 diff]5t localities ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry & fluctuate f "t to "t 9 ! same locality1 b ea* prospective own]'s ta/e w\ld require diff]5t mat]ials = bo? ext]ior & int]ior f9i%1 s t x w\ld be impossible to make any def9ite /atem5t ( co/ hold good4 ,we are prep>$ to supply y ) complete work+ draw+s1 specifications1 & quantity surveys ( mat]ials1 = any h\se y may desire1 at an extremely l[ fee4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ^! in/rum5ts are ! "w ( ar*itects ( high /&+ & long exp]i5ce1 ! prices indicat$ 9 connection ) ! designs are m]ely nom9al4 ,additional copies ( ! plans1 specifications1 & quantity surveys may be obta9$ at ! foll[+ prices3 ,plans #a4be1 specifications #a4be1 quantity surveys #ej c5ts4 ,work+ draw+s ) bill ( mat]ials ( fireplaces %[n on pages #cj & #ca w be s5t = #a4jj ea*4 ,we %all be glad to be ( any help we c on po9ts t are n cle>ly und]/ood4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,room ,h\se ,no4 #da ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,an attractive ext]ior & a cozy int]ior *>act]ize ?is h\se4 ,! liv+ room1 expos$ on ?ree sides1 is light & airy4 ,! cozy corn]1 =m$ by ! fireplace & /airs1 looks out ^u ! g>d54 ,!re is a conv5i5t coat closet (f ! liv+ room ne> ! front entrance4 ,! /airs to ! basem5t are close to ! kit*5 & h an entrance door at grade giv+ access to ! basem5t f outside4 ,! kit*5 is l>ge en\gh = d9+ purposes1 frequ5tly conv5i5t1 & has a l>ge por* & pantry4 ,! second floor is complete ) two b$rooms & _! closets1 a l95 closet1 & a ba?4 ,size #ae'j #bh'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #db4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,room ,h\se ,no4 #db ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,x is seldom t a small h\se :i* comes )9 ! limits ( a mode/ income is z complete z ?is attractive home4 ,! liv+ room ) its op5 /airway & fireplace1 =m+ an +le nook1 is v *e]y4 ,a coat closet is conv5i5t to ! front entrance4 ,! comb9ation kit*5 & d9+ room is well-arrang$ & has a l>ge pantry & por*4 ,! two b$rooms on ! second floor are expos$ on two sides & ! closets h w9d[s4 ,! ba?room & l95 closet complete ! plan4 ,size #ae'j #bh'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #da4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,room ,h\se ,no4 #dc ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,an excell5t h\se1 r$uc$ 9 size s t x repres5ts a mod]ate inve/m5t1 yet completely fulfill+ ! requirem5ts ( a small family4 ,z "o ent]s ! liv+ room he is greet$ by ! attractive fireplace opposite4 ,! op5 /airway at ! end ( ! liv+ room gives exposure on t side s t ! room is light & airy4 ,! coat closet is locat$ on ! /airs conv5i5t to ! entrance4 ,! kit*5 is l>ge en\gh = d9+ purposes1 & is connect$ ) ! liv+ room by a good-siz$ pantry4 ,! basem5t /airs h an entrance at grade1 !reby sav+ ! co/ ( outside /airs4 ,! two b$rooms on ! second floor are good-siz$1 h l>ge closets1 & exposure on two sides4 ,"o ( ! rooms has an additional closet & !re is a f9e l95 closet (f ! hall4 ,size #ai'j #bf'f4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #dd4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,room ,h\se ,no4 #dd ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a v cozy & conv5i5t home = ! family ( mod]ate means4 ,! welcome ( an op5 /airway is always pleas+ & 9 ?is h\se x s]ves a d\ble purpose by add+ to ! app>5t l5g? ( ! room4 ,! kit*5 is especially l>ge = ?is small h\se & may also be us$1 if desir$1 z a d9+ room4 ,x is connect$ ) ! liv+ room ?r\gh ! pantry4 ,/airs lead to ! basem5t f ?is pantry ) a l&+ & entrance at grade4 ,!re are two rooms on ! second floor well suppli$ ) closets1 a ba?room1 & a l95 closet4 ,!re is no wa/e space any:]e ?r\gh\t ! h\se1 e squ>e foot be+ put to use4 ,size #ai'j #bf'f4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #dc4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #de ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,! conv5i5ce ( a home ) all ! rooms on "o floor is appreciat$ n only by ^? :o h dwelt 9 an ap>tm5t1 b by _m o!rs4 ,?is small bungal[ is v compact & complete4 ,notice h[ ! b$room gr\p is seclud$ f ! liv+ qu>t]4 ,bo? rooms h access to ! ba?room & l95 closet by a private hall4 ,! kit*5 be+ small1 saves _m /eps = ! h\sewife4 ,x is supplem5t$ by a good pantry 9 :i* is plac$ ! refrig]ator1 ) an outside ic+ door4 ,!re is an excell5t re> por* l>ge en\gh to be scre5$ 9 & us$1 if desir$1 ei!r z a summ] kit*5 or d9+ room4 ,! basem5t /airs are )9 ! h\se & h an outside entrance at grade4 ,size #bh'j #cj'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #df4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #df ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,an attractive little bungal[ ) hipp$ ro(1 suitable = a small family1 & v conv5i5tly arrang$4 ,! b$room & ba? are sep>at$ f ! liv+ room by a hall4 ,a l95 closet at ! end ( ! hall completes ?is "p ( ! h\se4 ,! liv+ room is ( a good size & is connect$ ) ! kit*5 by a pantry 9 :i* is plac$ ! refrig]ator :i* is ic$ f ! por*4 ,! basem5t /airs are )9 ! h\se4 ,size #bh'j #cj'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #de4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,h\se ,no4 #ea ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a mo/ livable home = a small family4 ,! "o l>ge liv+ room1 ext5d+ f front to re> ( ?is h\se1 makes x appropriate = a location on ! s\? side ( ! /reet or ) an attractive view to ! re>4 ,! kit*5 has be5 comb9$ ) ! d9+ room b has ! advantage ( a door op5+ ?r\gh ! pantry to "o end ( ! liv+ room :i*1 on occasion1 may be us$ = l>ge d9n]s1 & conv5i5t connection is also made ) ! front hall4 ,on ! second floor are a ba? & ?ree b$rooms ) ample closets4 ,size #bb'b #cj'h4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #eb4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,h\se ,no4 #eb ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a cozy little home1 sub/antial & com=table4 ,9 ?is plan ! liv+ room is l>g] ?an usually f\nd 9 h\ses ( ?is size1 arrang$ s t ! f> end1 connect$ ) ! kit*5 by a pantry1 may be us$1 if desir$1 = d9+ purposes4 ,! kit*5 is ( su* dim5sions & s arrang$ t x may be us$ regul>ly z ! d9+ room1 a po9t readily appreciat$ by ! woman )\t help4 ,! second floor conta9s ?ree b$rooms1 ) ! cu/om>y closets1 & a ba?4 ,size #bb'b #cj'h4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ea4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,h\se ,no4 #ec ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a v conv5i5tly arrang$ home4 ,! roomy front por*1 all ( brick1 af=ds a delightfully cool spot = hot summ] ev5+s4 ,entrance is ?r\gh a ve/ibule to a hall ) an op5 /airway1 & a coat closet on ! l[] l&+4 ,! liv+ room has an attractive fireplace across ! corn] ( ! room & wide op5+s to d9+ room & hall4 ,!re is a l>ge pantry & a good por* 9 connection ) ! kit*54 ,! basem5t /airs h an entrance at grade1 a po9t readily appreciat$ 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,on ! second floor !re are two v l>ge b$rooms4 ,! closet space is mu* l>g] ?an is f\nd 9 mo/ h\ses4 ,size #bc'j #bh'h exclusive ( pantry & por*es4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ed4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,h\se ,no4 #ed ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a simple design ) good proportions & ro( l9es1 & an excell5t plan4 ,! liv+ & d9+ room are connect$ by a wide cas$ op5+1 & ! hall is practically a "p ( ! liv+ room because ( ! l>ge op5+ betwe5 !m4 ,!re is a coat closet adjac5t to ! ve/ibule1 & a direct connection f ! hall to ! kit*5 & basem5t /airs4 ,a l>ge pantry is connect$ ) ! kit*5 & conv5i5t to ! d9+ room4 ,! entire second floor is devot$ to two l>ge b$rooms & a ba?4 ,note ! dim5sions ( ! b$rooms & ! l>ge closets1 also ! extra closet 9 ! ma9 b$room4 ,!re is a f9e l95 room (f ! hall4 ,size #bc'j #bh'h n includ+ pantry & por*4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ec4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #ee ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,simple 9 design1 ?is bungal[ requires no?+ m ?an ! color & texture ( face brick = its success4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! plan is excell5t & all ! rooms are l>ge4 ,! b$rooms are plac$ on ! corn]s to obta9 light & air f two directions1 & h exceptionally l>ge closets4 ,9 addition1 !re are two closets (f ! hall4 ,! d9+ & liv+ rooms are connect$ by a wide cas$ op5+4 ,!re is a built-9 sidebo>d 9 ! d9+ room & an attractive brick fireplace 9 ! liv+ room4 ,connect+ ) ! kit*5 !re is a f9e pantry ) an outside w9d[1 a l>ge re> por* & /airs to ! basem5t & attic4 ,! basem5t /airs h an entrance at grade1 v conv5i5t on wa%day1 = g>d5 use1 = ! removal ( a%es1 etc4 ,size #bh'j #ch'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ef4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ab4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #ef ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,c\ntry or t[n1 sea%ore or m\nta91 ?is bungal[ is suitable = all locations4 ,clev]ly arrang$1 ) fireplace1 built-9 sidebo>d1 & closets ample 9 size & numb]1 ?is plan has mu* to recomm5d x4 ,! b$rooms & ba? are gr\p$ toge!r & sep>at$ f ! ma9 rooms ( ! h\se by a hall4 ,! ma9 por* is enclos$ = all-ye>-r\nd use4 ,!re is a l>ge attic ov] ! entire h\se4 ,size #bi'j #ch'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ee4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #eg ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,! pleas+ l9es ( ! ro(1 comb9$ ) ! color & texture ( ! brickwork1 make ?is design a success = ei!r t[n or c\ntry use4 ,! por* is recess$ "u ! ma9 ro(1 an economy 9 a small h\se4 ,! liv+ & d9+ rooms h a l>ge cas$ op5+ betwe5 !m & !re is a coat closet adjac5t to ! entrance4 ,9 ! d9+ room !re is a recess = a sidebo>d4 ,! b$rooms are expos$ on two sides & h good closets4 ,! ba?room1 plac$ betwe5 ! b$rooms1 is connect$ directly ) !m1 an arrangem5t pref]r$ by _m4 ,! kit*5 is equipp$ ) cab9ets to take ! place ( ! pantry4 ,! refrig]ator is ic$ f outside4 ,size #bd'f #cf'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #eh4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,five ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #eh ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,! v simplicity ( ?is attractive little bungal[ makes a /rong appeal to "s ta/es4 ,! recess$ por* :i* may be easily glaz$ 9 & us$ dur+ ! w9t] leads to ! liv+ room4 ,! liv+ & d9+ room are practically "o1 due to ! l>ge op5+ betwe5 !m4 ,! b$rooms h ! conv5i5ce ( ! ba? plac$ betwe5 !m4 ,! kit*5 has a f9e back por* f :i* ! refrig]ator may be ic$4 ,!re are cab9ets 9 ! kit*5 9 place ( ! usual pantry4 ,/airs lead f ! kit*5 to ! attic1 :i* ext5ds ov] ! entire h\se4 ,size #bd'f #cf'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #eg4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ae4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,six ,room ,h\se ,no4 #fa ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,"o c easily imag9e ! com=t ( a h\se l ?is4 ,! plan is clev]ly arrang$ & complete4 ,! hall1 ) its op5 /aircase & view across ! liv+ room to ! fireplace beyond1 w *>m ! visitor & delight ! own]4 ,! passage f ! kit*5 to ! hall or to ! basem5t /airs w be appreciat$ by ! h\sewife4 ,z 9 its rev]se1 ,no4 #fb1 ! conv5i5ce ( ! por* to ! kit*5 p]mits outside d9+ 9 pleasant wea!r4 ,! second floor conta9s ?ree b$rooms1 ) closets1 a ba?1 & a l>ge l95 closet4 ,all b$rooms are expos$ on two sides1 !reby secur+ excell5t cross draft4 ,size #bh'i #cj'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #fb4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ah4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,six ,room ,h\se ,no4 #fb ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a v pleas+ & conv5i5t home = a small family4 ,! l[1 raki% effect ( ! ro( sweep+ d[n ov] ! por* produces a v *>m+ ext]ior & %\ld make ?is design a great favorite4 ,! por* expos$ on ?ree sides1 af=ds an ideal summ] l\ng+ place4 ,z x cov]s a kit*5 door x may be us$ 9 pleasant wea!r z a d9+ por* also4 ,! entrance hall op5s into ! liv+ room ) a l>ge cas$ op5+4 ,x has a good coat closet1 & connects ) ! kit*5 & basem5t /airs4 ,! pantry betwe5 ! kit*5 & d9+ room is v conv5i5t f ei!r room1 & is consid]$ by _m z an ideal arrangem5t4 ,! b$rooms on ! second floor are well arrang$ & h l>ge closets4 ,size #bh'i #cj'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #fa4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ah4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,six ,room ,h\se ,no4 #fc ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,an attractive & sub/antial look+ h\se1 ) a broad por* sugge/ive ( re/ & quiet4 ,! fireplace & op5 /airway 9 ! liv+ room welcome ! /rang] & give a feel+ ( *e]fulness to ! home4 ,! d9+ room & liv+ room are connect$ by a wide op5+4 ,! kit*5 is small & conv5i5tly arrang$ & has a l>ge re> por*4 ,!re is a pantry betwe5 ! kit*5 & d9+ room f :i* "o may g to ! basem5t4 ,! basem5t /airs h ! conv5i5ce ( an entrance at grade4 ,! ?ree b$rooms on ! second floor are ea* provid$ ) a l>ge closet4 ,! ba?room is conv5i5tly locat$ at ! head ( ! /airs ) a l95 closet adjac5t4 ,! balcony ov] ! re> por* w be mu* appreciat$ z a conv5i5ce = dome/ic purposes4 ,size #bd'j #bh'h4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #fd4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #ah4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,sev5 ,room ,h\se ,no4 #fd ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,because ( its conv5i5t arrangem5t & economical %ape1 ?is h\se %\ld become a great favorite4 ,9 addition to ! f9e front por* !re is a good-siz$ por* 9 ! re>1 ov]look+ ! g>d54 ,! op5 /air at ! end ( ! liv+ room is attractive & especial att5tion is call$ to ! novel pantry arrangem5t by :i* "o may g to ! side entrance or basem5t4 ,! second floor has ?ree l>ge b$rooms1 ea* ) ample closet room1 a ba?room1 & a l95 closet4 ,ov] ! re> por* !re is a flat deck accessible f ! re> b$room & useful = air+ ( b$d+1 beat+ rugs1 etc4 ,size #bd'j #bh'h4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #fc4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,sev5 ,room ,h\se ,no4 #ga ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a v popul> plan 9 :i* ! own] gets mo/ = 8 money4 ,! comb9ation entrance por* & sun p>lor is a feature mo/ desir$ n[adays4 ,! hall1 ) its op5 /air1 w9d[ seat1 & l>ge op5+ to ! liv+ room1 gives a feel+ ( spaci\sness & welcome4 ,! kit*5 is v conv5i5tly arrang$ ) cab9ets1 & is connect$ ) ! d9+ room by ! pantry4 ,! refrig]ator1 ic$ f outside1 is plac$ 9 ?is pantry :]e x is conv5i5t to bo? kit*5 & d9+ room4 ,!re is also a re> /airway f ! kit*5 connect+ ) ! ma9 /airs midway to ! second floor4 ,! second floor has f\r corn] b$rooms & "o ba?4 ,ea* room has its closet1 & !re are two closets (f ! hall4 ,size #bh'h #cd'h4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,sev5 ,room ,bungal[ ,no4 #gc ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a well-proportion$ home ( ! bungal[ type1 ) ! advantage ( a commodi\s second /ory1 hav+ ?ree l>ge b$ rooms4 ,?is result is made possible by ! graceful gambrel ro( :i* dom9ates ! :ole design1 z x sweeps d[n ov] ! enclos$ por*1 & ext5ds across ! entire face ( ! h\se4 ,! l>ge op5+s betwe5 ! enclos$ por*1 liv+1 d9+ & breakfa/ room give ! effect ( op5ness to ! h\se1 :ile ! por* & breakfa/ room may be clos$ (f by ,fr5* doors4 ,! d5 is conv5i5tly plac$ & has a closet s t x c be conv]t$ into a b$room4 ,! kit*5 is compact & has a l>ge por* & pantry arrang$ s t ! refrig]ator may be ic$ f outside4 ,! basem5t /airs lead+ f ! pantry h an entrance door at ! grade1 ?us obviat+ outside /eps1 s frequ5tly fill$ ) sn[ 9 w9t]time4 ,! size ( ! h\se1 #bd'h #ea'j makes x adaptable to a n>r[ or a wide lot4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #gd4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,sev5 ,room ,h\se ,no4 #gd ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,! unusually graceful ro( l9es make ?is a mo/ attractive h\se & w appeal to ! discrim9at+ h\se own]4 ,! fir/ floor is v well-arrang$4 ,! effect ( ! liv+ & d9+ room & ! two por*es ?r[n toge!r is excell5t4 ,! d5 is a feature desir$ by _m1 n alone = su* use z (fice or libr>y1 b = an em]g5cy b$room on ! gr\nd floor4 ,! basem5t /airs are )9 ! h\se b op5 on ! outside at ! grade l9e1 s]v+ ! d\ble purpose ( outside & inside /airs4 ,!re are ?ree b$rooms ) closets1 a ba?room1 & a /or]oom on ! second floor4 ,size #bd'h #ea'j1 includ+ por*es4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #gc4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,sev5 ,room ,f>m ,h\se ,no4 #ge ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,to ^? :o admire ! bungal[ type = a home1 ?is design1 :i* is especially meant = rural localities1 %\ld make a /rong appeal4 ,its l[1 horizontal l9es imm$iately sugge/ hom9ess1 enhanc$ by ! w9t] sc5e 9 :i* x is depict$4 ,! fir/ floor provides 9 two good-siz$ b$rooms accommodations = ! family1 :ile !re are two b$rooms ) closets & a ba? on ! second floor = f>m help or gue/s4 ,! h\se is ( ! economical rectangul> type & is s arrang$ t all ! rooms are l>ge1 light1 & airy4 ,al?\gh prim>ily design$ = ! f>m1 ?is h\se is q adaptable = t[n use4 ,size #bh'j #dh'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #gf4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,sev5 ,room ,f>m ,h\se ,no4 #gf ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,9 ?is *>m+ h\se bo? ! beautiful & practical h be5 atta9$ to a high degree4 ,! por* is expos$ on ?ree sides & is glaz$ 9 = w9t] use4 ,! well-proportion$ ro( & ! half-timb] gables in/antly cat* & hold ! eye4 ,! fir/ floor has be5 plann$ = ! f>m] & 8 family1 :ile ! second floor is specially fitt$ = ! f>m help1 be+ complete ) a sep>ate ba?room4 ,! /airway f ! second floor desc5ds to a side entrance f :i* access is _h to ! d9+ room4 ,! liv+ room is l>g] ?an f\nd 9 mo/ h\ses1 & has a l>ge op5 fireplace at "o end ) a nook & seat at ! o!r4 ,especial att5tion is call$ to ! arrangem5t ( ! b$rooms on ! fir/ floor4 ,! kit*5 is l>ge en\gh = d9+ purposes1 ) a well-arrang$ pantry4 ,!re is a good-siz$ /or]oom 9 ! unoccupi$ "p ( ! second /ory4 ,size #bh'j #dh'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ge4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,eight ,room ,h\se ,no4 #ha ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a unique & rambl+ design ) an excell5t plan4 ,! wide1 ov]hang+ eaves & g5tle slope ( ! ro( give dignity z well z *>m to ! h\se4 ,! plan speaks = itself4 ,x is op51 light & airy4 ,! hall1 pantry1 & kit*5 arrangem5t has be5 v clev]ly work$ out4 ,!re are two /airs1 "o f ! hall & "o f ! pantry t meet on a common l&+ & cont9ue to ! second floor4 ,! side entrance1 giv+ access to ! basem5t /airs & ! fir/ floor is v conv5i5t1 ) closet "u /airway at entrance = g5]al use4 ,! second floor has f\r b$rooms & two ba?s4 ,"o ba?room is connect$ ) "o ( ! b$rooms & ! o!r conta9s a %[] /all 9 addition to ! tub1 a feature wor? consid]+4 ,?is plan is especially adapt$ to a n>r[ lot1 al?\gh x may be turn$ 9 any direction desir$4 ,! size is #bd'i #dg'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #hb4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bb4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,eight ,room ,h\se ,no4 #hb ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,/ately & dignifi$1 a spl5did example ( ! mod]n ,am]ican home4 ,! l9es ( ! ro( & f9e proportion ( ! gables are v effective f all angles4 ,! plan is simple4 ,! rooms ( ! fir/ floor are all op51 giv+ a feel+ ( spaci\sness4 ,! hall1 l>ge & light1 ) its op5 /aircase1 is at once ! keynote ( ! :ole h\se1 welcom+ all :o may ent]4 ,= conv5i5ce1 a re> /airway leads f ! s]vice pantry to a l&+ ov] ! side entrance :]e x jo9s ! ma9 /aircase4 ,! kit*5 is ( a good size1 n too l>ge1 & has a f9e re> por*4 ,!re is a closet "u /airway at entrance1 = g5]al use4 ,( ! two ba?rooms on ! second floor1 "o is directly connect$ ) "o ( ! b$rooms4 ,?is arrangem5t meets ! conv5i5ce ( ! family z well z t ( gue/s or bo>d]s4 ,! size ( ! h\se is #bd'i #dg'j4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ha4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bb4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,eight ,room ,f>m ,h\se ,no4 #hc ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a good type ( f>m h\se fitt+ snugly into ! l&scape4 ,z 9 case ( ,no4 #hd1 x w\ld also suit well z a c\ntry t[n bo>d+ h\se4 ,! l>ge liv+ & d9+ room is connect$ ) ! kit*5 by a pantry4 ,! six b$rooms may be us$ ei!r = a l>ge family or1 if desirable1 ! upp] rooms might be set aside = ! help4 ,two ba?s1 "o on ea* floor1 are necess>y 9 an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d4 ,!re are ample closets & l95 space4 ,! por*es are adequate4 ,size #bf'f #ch'h4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #hd4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bb4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,eight ,room ,h\se ,no4 #hd ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,?is commodi\s h\se may be us$ admirably = ei!r a bo>d+ h\se 9 a c\ntry t[n1 or a f>m h\se :5 accommodation is desir$ = ! help4 ,! liv+ & d9+ room has be5 made especially l>ge on ?is acc\nt4 ,!re are f\r b$rooms ) a ba? on ! second floor4 ,!re are two b$rooms ) ba? on ! fir/ floor4 ,! re> por* is exceptionally l>ge1 be+ design$ = family use1 :ile ! front por* is = ! bo>d]s or ! help4 ,!re are bo? inside & outside /airs to ! basem5t1 a v desirable conv5i5ce4 ,size #bf'f #ch'h4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #hc4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bb4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,n9e ,room ,h\se ,no4 #ib ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a /rik+ h\se = a village /reet1 & yet q appropriate = a c\ntry home4 ,! por*1 an out/&+ feature ( ! mod]n ,am]ican home1 is "h p>tly enclos$1 =m+ a sun p>lor = all-ye>-r\nd use4 ,f ! reception hall ) its op5 /airway & hall seat1 "o obta9s an attractive view1 across ! liv+ room1 ( ! fireplace opposite4 ,likewise ! vi/a f ! d9+ room to ! sun p>lor is q z *>m+4 ,! kit*5 is arrang$ ) cab9ets 9 addition to ! pantry1 & has ! conv5i5t feature ( a /airway lead+ up to a l&+ :]e x meets ! ma9 /airs midway to ! second floor4 ,! second floor arrangem5t is simple4 ,! rooms are l>ge & ! closets ample1 )\t an in* ( wa/e space4 ,!re are two b$rooms ) closets1 & a ba?room on ! ?ird floor1 n %[n on ^! plans4 ,! size ( ! h\se is #bh'h #cd'h exclusive ( por*es & pantry4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bb4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,n9e ,room ,f>m ,h\se ,no4 #ic ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a well-proportion$ h\se ) f9e ro( l9es & *>m+ brickwork :i* %\ld ar\se admiration ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry-side4 ,x has be5 design$ = ! f>m] & provides = ! help4 ,!re are two b$rooms ) sep>ate entrance & ba? on ! fir/ floor1 connect$ ) ! d9+ room4 ,! liv+ room1 d9+ room1 & por* =m a v conv5i5t gr\p4 ,! kit*5 has a l>ge pantry & a sep>ate grade entrance on ! basem5t /airs inside ! h\se1 a decid$ conv5i5ce4 ,f\r b$rooms1 ) a closet ea*1 a ba?room1 a l95 room1 & a l>ge /or]oom1 amply provide = ! family4 ,size #cj'f #ch'f4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #id4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bb4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,n9e ,room ,f>m ,h\se ,no4 #id ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,a simple1 dignifi$ home1 rely+ = its beauty ^u its proportions & ! exquisite *>m ( ! brickwork4 ,x has be5 design$ ) ! f>m]'s ne$s 9 view4 ,! liv+ room1 ) its l[1 op5 fireplace adjo9s ! d9+ room & bo? op5 directly on ! ma9 por*4 ,! kit*51 :i* is l>ge & conv5i5tly arrang$1 may1 on occasion1 s]ve z a d9+ room = ! family1 & is provid$ ) a commodi\s pantry4 ,! basem5t /airs are inside ! h\se1 an appeal+ feature 9 cold or /ormy wea!r4 ,p>ticul> att5tion is call$ to ! b$room arrangem5t1 :i* provides two b$rooms on ! fir/ floor = ! f>m help1 complete ) closets1 ba?1 & l95 room4 ,!re is an individual entrance f outside & direct communication ) ! d9+ room1 a feature readily appreciat$ by ! woman on ! f>m4 ,! second floor is devot$ to ! family sleep+ rooms1 ) exceptionally l>ge closets & an ample /or]oom4 ,size #cj'f #ch'f4 ,?is design & plan are ! rev]se ( ,no4 #ic4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #bj4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r ,flat ,build+ ,illu/ration3 ,floor ,plan ,?is build+ has be5 plann$ = a sev5ty-five foot lot1 :i*1 toge!r ) its specially plann$ =m1 w\ld give a maximum ( light & air4 ,a p>ty wall divides ! build+ s t ei!r half1 complete 9 itself1 might be sold sep>ately4 ,! hall1 liv+1 & d9+ rooms =m a pleasant gr\p4 ,p>ticul> att5tion is call$ to ! arrangem5t ( ! b$rooms1 :i* toge!r ) ! ba?room1 are isolat$ f ! balance ( ! h\se4 ,an inside /airway leads to ! basem5t f ! fir/ floor4 ,! re> por*es :i* too (t5 are q unsightly on ! re> ( ! build+1 are "h recess$ betwe5 ! b$room w+s1 a feature :i* also gives consid]able protection to ! por*es 9 ! w9t] mon?s4 ,! second floor is ! same z ! fir/ except t !re is an additional b$room1 #h'h #aj'c 9 ea* flat1 ov] ! entrance ve/ibules4 ,full work+ draw+1 specifications1 & bill ( mat]ials may be _h = #be4jj f ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association1 #aaj ,s\? ,de>born ,/reet1 ,*icago4 ,,useful ,,tables ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,mort> ,mixes = ,lay+ #a1jjj ,brick1 #a_/h ,jo9t ,,proportions ,,quantities ,cem5t ,mort>s ,cem5t ,lime ,s& #a "p cem5t #a-c_/d bbls4 #a_/d bbl4 #a_/b cu4 yd4 #b p>ts s& optional #a "p cem5t #a-c_/h bbls4 #a_/d bbl4 #a_/b cu4 yd4 #b-a_/b p>ts s& optional #a "p cem5t #a_/ah bbls4 #a_/d bbl4 #a_/b cu4 yd4 #c p>ts s& optional ,lump ,lime ,mort>s #a "p lime #g_/h bbl4 #a_/b cu4 yd4 #b p>ts s& #a "p lime #c_/d bbl4 #a_/b cu4 yd4 #b-a_/b p>ts s& #a "p lime #e_/h bbl4 #a_/b cu4 yd4 #c p>ts s& ,hydrat$ ,lime ,mort> #a "p lime #c-a_/b sacks #a_/b cu4 yd4 #b p>ts s& #a "p lime #c sacks #a_/b cu4 yd4 #b-a_/b p>ts s& #a "p lime #b-a_/b sacks #a_/b cu4 yd4 #c p>ts s& ,cem5t-,lime ,mort>s #a "p cem5t #a sack #a "p lime #a_/b bbl4 hydrat$1 or #a_/b cu4 yd4 #f p>ts s& #a_/d bbl4 lump lime ,gr\t = #c_/af-a_/d ,jo9ts #a "p cem5t approx4 approx4 #c p>ts s& #c_/d bbl4 #a_/c cu4 yd4 ,mort> ,mixes = ,lay+ #a1jjj ,tile1 #a_/b ,jo9t ,size ( ,tile ,cem5t ,lime ,s& #d #e #ab #a-b_/c bbls4 #a_/d bbl4 #b_/c cu4 yd4 #h #e #ab #c bbls4 #a_/b bbl4 #a-a_/c cu4 yd4 #d #ab #ab #a-c_/d bbls4 #a_/d bbl4 #c_/d cu4 yd4 #h #ab #ab #d-a_/d bbls4 #a_/b bbl4 #a-c_/d cu4 yd4 ,! above quantities are bas$ on a #chj lb4 b>rel ( ,portl& cem5t2 a #ahj lb4 b>rel ( lump lime1 & a #ej lb4 sack ( hydrat$ lime4 ,portl& cem5t is sold by ! bag or b>rel4 ,a bag ( ,portl& cem5t weighs approximately #id p\nds4 ,f\r bags make "o b>rel ( approximately #chj p\nds4 ,lump lime is sold by ! bu%el or b>rel4 ,a bu%el ( lump lime weighs approximately #ge to #he p\nds4 ,a b>rel ( lump lime weighs approximately #ahj p\nds1 & equals #d sacks ( hydrat$ lime4 ,brick jo9ts o!r ?an #c_/h w require ab\t #a_/c m or less mort> = ea* #a_/h diff]5ce4 ,e/imat+ ,quantities ( ,face ,brick ,sid5ote3 ,size ( ,brick ,! dim5sions ( ! /&>d size face brick adopt$ by ! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association are #h #b-a_/d #c-c_/d2 b sometimes1 due to special conditions 9 ! clay or ! kiln burn1 ^! brick may slightly v>y f ! dim5sions giv54 ,besides1 !re are o!r sizes ( brick us$1 su* z pav]s1 ,romans1 etc41 s t ! contractor %\ld always asc]ta9 ! exact size ( ! brick specifi$1 :e!r /&>d size or n1 & take into consid]ation ! wid? ( mort> jo9t desir$1 9 ord] to calculate m accurately ! numb] ( bricks requir$ = a giv5 wall area4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! numb] ( /&>d size brick p] squ>e foot ( wall surface1 #d in*es or "o brick ?ick1 e/imat$ = diff]5t wid?s ( mort> jo9t up to #c_/d-;in*3 ,,table #a ,numb] ( ,face ,brick p] ,squ>e ,foot ,jo9t #a_/h #a_/d #c_/h #a_/b #e_/h #c_/d ,no4 ( ,brick #g-a_/b #g #f-a_/b #f-a_/h #e-c_/d #e-a_/b ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,rule ,! me?od employ$ 9 gett+ ^! numb]s is v simple & may be appli$ to any siz$ brick & jo9t :atsoev]4 ,?us1 take ! brick giv5 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration 7,fig4 #eh7 & let u use1 say1 a #c_/h mort> jo9t4 ,?is makes a l5g? ( #h-a_/d #c_/h1 or #h-e_/h & a height ( #b-c_/h #c_/h or #b-c_/d4 ,h5ce1 ! total area occupi$ 9 ! wall by ?is brick1 ) its mort> jo9t1 is #h-e_/h #b-c_/d4 ,y c "w ?is out by tractions1 ?us1 #fi_/h #aa_/d #gei_/cb2 or by decimals1 ?us1 #h4fbe #b4 #ge #bc4gb1 ! area ( ! brick & mort> jo9t 9 squ>e in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4 ,brick & ,mort> ,jo9t ,9 ei!r case1 to get ! numb] ( brick requir$ p] squ>e foot y1 ( c\rse1 divide into #add1 ! numb] ( squ>e in*es 9 a squ>e foot4 ,t is1 #add #gei_/cb #add #cb_/gei #dfjh_/gei #f-ed_/gei or ab\t #f-a_/ae4 ,or divide #add by #bc4gb & y get #f4jg1 :i* am\nts to y\r previ\s figure4 ,9 e/imat+ ! :ole numb] ( brick y ne$1 use no fraction less ?an ! eigh? next above ! fraction obta9$ 9 y\r numb] = ! squ>e foot4 ,?us 9 ! pres5t example1 y w c\nt on us+ #f-a_/h brick = e squ>e foot ( wall area4 ,sid5ote3 ,quantities = ,v>i\s ,bonds ,z ,table #a gives ! quantities = /&>d size brick laid 9 ,runn+ ,bond1 additional all[ances mu/ be made = ! numb] ( brick :5 o!r bonds us+ head]s are employ$4 ,! foll[+ p]c5tages are to be add$ to ! numb] ( brick requir$1 z calculat$ by ! use ( ,table #a1 :5 ! face brick are laid 9 ! bonds indicat$3 ,,table #b ,p]c5tages ,add$ = ,v>i\s ,bonds ,common 7full head] c\rse e #e? c\rse7 #bj 7#a_/e7 ,common 7full head] c\rse e #f? c\rse7 #af-b_/c 7#a_/f7 ,common 7full head] c\rse e #g? c\rse7 #ad-a_/c 7#a_/g7 ,engli% or ,engli% ,cross 7full head]s e #f? c\rse7 #af-b_/c 7#a_/f7 ,flemi% 7full head]s e #f? c\rse7 #e-b_/c 7#a_/ah7 ,d\ble ,head] 7two head]s & a /ret*] e #f? c\rse7 #h-a_/c 7#a_/ab7 ,d\ble ,head] 7two head]s & a /ret*] e #e? c\rse7 #aj 7#a_/aj7 ,= g>d5 walls1 por* walls1 & o!r places :]e an #h-;in* wall is us$1 ) face brick on bo? sides1 no additional brick are requir$ = any type ( bond4 ,= walks & floors :]e ! brick are laid on edge1 9 any patt]n except diagonal ones1 calculate z y w\ld = ! numb] ( face brick 9 a wall laid 9 runn+ bond4 ,= h]- r+-bone patt]n or o!r diagonal "w1 an additional numb] ( brick w be requir$ to comp5sate = ! clipp+ ( ! ends ( ! brick at ! bord]s4 ,! exact additional am\nt dep5ds on ! total wid? ( ! walk or floor1 z ! wid] ! surface ! small] w be ! av]age wa/age p] squ>e foot4 ,walks & floors :]e ! brick are laid flat require "o-?ird less ?an ! numb] requir$ :]e ! brick are laid on edge4 ,provid$ ) ^! tables1 x is a simple matt] to calculate ! numb] ( face brick requir$ = e job4 ,?us1 e/imate ! total area ( wall surface 9 squ>e feet1 d$uct all op5+s1 except ^? #aj squ>e feet or less1 & tak+ into consid]ation ! mort> jo9t1 multiply ! result by ! numb] ( brick p] squ>e foot z %[n 9 ,table #a4 ,?is w give y ! numb] requir$ = ,runn+ ,bond4 ,= o!r bonds simply add to ! numb] ( brick obta9$ = ,runn+ ,bond ! p]c5tages z giv5 9 ,table #b4 ,soldi] c\rses make no diff]5ce 9 ! c\nt2 nor d r[lock c\rses1 if half brick only are us$4 ,al?\gh w9d[ sills laid r[lock fa%ion require additional brick1 ^! are amply provid$ = 9 ! usual all[ances = wa/age4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa/age ,if ! workm5 are c>eful to use bats = closures1 in/ead ( break+ :ole bricks1 no wa/e ne$ be figur$4 ,! area ( ! small op5+s1 n d$uct$ 9 figur+ quantities1 & ! d\bl+ ( brick at ! corn]s1 w give a c]ta9 numb] ( extra brick2 &1 z x is ! usual cu/om to ord] ! brick to ! qu>t]-?\s& next above ! actual numb] figur$1 ! ord9>y wa/age on ! job w be provid$ =4 ,if ! numb] ( squ>e feet ( face brick :]e !re is no common brick or tile back+1 su* z *imneys1 por* walls1 /eps1 floors1 etc41 is kept sep>at$ f ! numb] ( squ>e feet ( face brick ) back+1 !n ! latt] numb] ( squ>e feet1 once obta9$1 may be us$ 9 figur+ ! numb] ( common brick or tile requir$ = back+1 ?us sav+ ! contractor "t 9 e/imat+4 ,e/imat+ ,quantities ( ,common ,brick ,z ! sizes ( common brick1 = all practical purposes1 approximate ! size ( ! /&>d face brick1 _! quantity may be calculat$ on ! same basis4 ,?us1 = a s+le ?ickness ( common brick back+1 ! numb] requir$ w be practically ! same z t ( ! face brick laid 9 ,runn+ ,bond4 ,if1 h[ev]1 two or m ?icknesses ( back+ brick are us$1 ! prop] d$uctions %\ld be made = ! ?ickness ( ! walls at ! corn]s4 ,two ?icknesses ( common brick back+ w1 ( c\rse1 take j twice ! numb] = "o ?ickness1 & s on4 ,9 a ^w1 multiply ! numb] requir$ = face brick by ! numb] ( ?icknesses or ti]s ( ! common brick back+1 always consid]+ ! turns at ! corn]s1 z j indicat$4 ,:]e o!r ?an ,runn+ ,bond is us$ 9 ! fac+ brick1 all[ance %\ld be made = ! common brick displac$ by ! bond+ face brick4 ,! d$uction 9 ! numb] ( common brick1 x is evid5t1 j equals ! increas$ numb] ( face brick requir$ = ! bond select$4 ,9 e/imat+ quantities ( common brick = fireplaces1 figure ! portions project+ beyond ! l9e ( ! wall1 su* z brea/ & a% pit1 z if solid1 t is1 ! numb] ( brick = ! surface multipli$ by ! numb] ( ti]s deep1 & !n d$uct ! numb] ( bricks displac$ by all flues & op5+s1 face brick fac+1 & fire brick l9+4 ,e/imat+ ,quantities ( ,holl[ ,tile ,holl[ tile = back+1 z already indicat$1 may be obta9$ 9 ! foll[+ sizes3 ,/ock ,tile ,sizes #d' #e #ab 7turn$1 #e #d #ab7 #d' #ab #ab #f' #ab #ab 7sometimes #f #e #ab7 #h' #e #ab #h' #ab #ab ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4 ,/ock ,tile ,units ,:5 ord]+ ! #e #ab tile %apes1 :i* are laid on ! side1 ! contractor %\ld /ate t ! usual all[ance ( #f-;in* & #i-;in* l5g? cuts be includ$ = use 9 pi]s & o!r n>r[ places1 s z to r$uce ! cutt+ ( tile on ! job to a m9imum2 also1 en\gh half & full closures %\ld be ord]$ = use at w9d[ & door op5+s4 ,see ,fig4 #ei & ,holl[ ,tile ,problem on opposite page4 ,:5 x comes to ! case ( ! #ab #ab tile1 x is an easy matt] = bricklay]s to split (f "o or m cells to get ! prop] %apes = closures1 b ! usual all[ance ( half-l5g?s %\ld be ord]$4 ,en\gh #a-;in* tile slabs %\ld be includ$ = use 9 level+ up ! wall = joi/ be>+s4 ,tile is calculat$ 9 t]ms ( pieces1 & to arrive at ! numb] requir$1 use ! same squ>e feet dim5sions y w\ld = common brick back+ & multiply by ! prop] "o ( ! foll[+ coeffici5ts3 ,coeffici5ts = ,tile ,quantities ,dim5sions ( ,tile ,face ,coeffici5t #d #ab' #b4f #e #ab' #b4ae #ab #ab #j4id ,z ! face brick is bond$ to ! tile back+ by a d\ble head] bond+ c\rse1 z %[n on page #be1 ! am\nt ( tile w h to be r$uc$ accord+ly4 ,= in/ance1 if #ab #ab tile are us$1 ! bond+ c\rse occurs e six? c\rse & "o-six? ( ! tile %\ld be d$uct$1 b at ! same "t1 !re mu/ be add$ brick-size holl[ tile at ! rate ( #ab to e #bj squ>e feet ( wall surface = use beh9d ! /ret*]s 9 ! bond+ c\rses4 ,or1 if #e #ab tile are us$1 ! bond+ c\rse occurs e fif? c\rse & "o-fif? ( ! tile %\ld be d$uct$1 & brick-size holl[ tile at ! rate ( #ab to e #af squ>e feet ( wall surface %\ld be add$ = use beh9d ! /ret*]s 9 ! bond+ c\rses4 ,:5 ! back+ is #h in*es ?ick1 an additional c\rse ( brick-size tile %\ld be calculat$ beh9d e bond+ c\rse4 ,if ! brick-size tile _c be obta9$ 9 ! local m>ket1 an equal numb] ( common brick w answ] ! purpose j z well4 ,two to ?ree p] c5t %\ld be add$ to all tile quantities calculat$1 to provide = wa/e4 ,9 giv+ ! foll[+ examples ( e/imat+ quantities x is n meant to indicate t ea* wall ( ! h\se is necess>ily to be e/imat$ by itself1 b simply to %[ ! way ( e/imat+ any ext5t ( wall4 ,except 9 v elaborate & div]se elevations1 ! be/ way is to figure on ! total surface ( ! f\r sides 9 "o op]ation4 ,?is is ! m easily done z1 g5]ally speak+1 opposite sides ( ! h\se are ( l area4 ,,problems ,,9 ,,e/imat+ ,,quantities ,brick ,problem ,to f9d ! numb] ( /&>d size brick1 face & common1 laid 9 a six? c\rse ,common ,bond ) a #c_/h-;in* jo9t1 = an #h-;in* gable wall1 #be feet wide & #ah feet high f grade to eaves & !nce to ridgepole #ab feet4 ,! #ab-;in* basem5t wall is #g-a_/b feet high1 #d feet be+ bel[ grade4 ,!re are #d w9d[s ea* requir+ an op5+ ( #c'-f #e'-b & #a w9d[ requir+ an op5+ ( #b'-f #d'-b4 ,see w9d[ sizes page #bb4 ,! basem5t w9d[s be+ less ?an #aj squ>e feet are disreg>d$4 ,face ,brick ,fir/ f9d ! area 9 sq4 ft4 = face brick3 ,rectangle ( wall #ah' #be' #dej sq4 ft4 ,gable triangle #ab' #be' #cjj - #b #aej sq4 ft4 ,total area #fjj sq4 ft4 ,d$uct ! #e w9d[ op5+s1 ?us3 #d #c'-f #e'-b #gb-a_/c sq4 ft4 #a #b'-f #d'-b #aj-e_/ab sq4 ft4 ,w9d[ op5+s to be d$uct$ #hc sq4 ft4 --- ,total area to be cov]$ ) face brick #eag sq4 ft4 ,by ,table #a1 x takes #f4e /&>d size face brick p] sq4 ft4 = ,runn+ ,bond ) a #c_/h jo9t4 ,h5ce1 #eag #f4e #c1cfj ,add #af-b_/c z p] ,table #b #efj ----- ,numb] ( face brick requir$ #c1ibj ,total ( face brick to be ord]$ #d1jjj ,common ,brick ,! common brick back+ takes ! same numb] z face brick1 except t we d$uct ! #af-b_/c add$ to ! face brick quantity z p] ,table #b4 ,h5ce1 ! numb] ( common brick = back+ is #c1cfj - #efj #b1hjj ,z ! wall f grade to fir/ floor is ?ree brick ?ick1 ! same z ! f\ndation wall1 x requires two ti]s ( common brick &1 !re=e1 an additional ti] mu/ be figur$ 94 ,h5ce1 #be' #c' or #ge sq4 ft4 at #f4e p] sq4 ft4 #dhh ,! #d'-f ( f\ndation wall1 be+ ?ree brick ?ick1 gives u #be' #d'-f #c or #chh sq4 ft4 to figure on4 ,h5ce1 common brick = f\ndation is #chh #f4e #b1aig ----- ,total common brick requir$ #e1dhe ,total common brick to be ord]$ #e1ejj ,holl[ ,tile ,problem ,by ref]r+ to pages #be & #bf1 x w be se5 t f\r c\rses ( brick ) a #c_/h-;in* jo9t equal 9 height two #e #ab tile1 s t1 9 our pres5t example1 if we wi% to use ! #c_/h-;in* jo9t1 we %all h to introduce our bond+ c\rse ( brick e fif? in/ead ( e six? c\rse4 ,?is w\ld also naturally involve a slight *ange 9 ! numb] ( face brick requir$4 ,t is1 in/ead ( add+ #af-b_/c or we %\ld h to add #bj or #a_/e to ! numb] requir$ = ,runn+ ,bond1 9 ord] to get ! "r numb] = fif? c\rse ,common ,bond &1 9 consequ5ce1 we subtract #bj or "o fif? f ! back+ tile want$4 ,) ^! *anges und]/ood1 our problem = a holl[ tile back+ = ! gable wall w "w out z foll[s3 ,if ! holl[ tile back+ is />t$ at grade1 ! tile & face brick area w be ! same4 ,b z1 9 ! pres5t case1 we />t ! tile back+ f ! fir/ floor1 we subtract ! area ( ! wall f grade to fir/ floor or #be' #c' #ge'1 & get #eag - #ge or #ddb sq4 ft4 to be back$ ) tile4 ,! closures = horizontal tile are figur$ sep>ately4 ,a full & a half closure are respectively #ab & #f in*es 9 l5g? & am\nt to ab\t "o foot 9 height1 & h5ce cov] an area ( #c_/d sq4 ft4 on ea* side or #a-a_/b sq4 ft4 on bo? sides ( ! op5+4 ,z ! height ( our five w9d[ op5+s is approximately #be feet1 we h #be #a-a_/b #cg-a_/b sq4 ft4 to be d$uct$ f area ( regul> tile surface1 giv+ #ddb - #cg-a_/b or #djd-a_/b sq4 ft4 ,z p] coeffici5t table1 page #ajf1 we h #djd4e #b4ae #hgj ,d$uct #a_/e ( tile = brick bond #agd --- #fif ,add #c = wa/age or #ba --- ,total numb] ( tile to be ord]$ #gag ,requir+ #d closures1 #b full & #b half1 = ea* foot ( height 7bo? sides71 we ne$ #be #d or #ajj closures ,add #c = wa/age or #c --- ,total numb] ( closures ne$$ #ajc ,ord] #eb ( ea* size4 ,brick-size tile1 #ab to e #af sq4 ft4 ne$$4 ,h5ce1 #ddb #af gives ab\t #bh1 & #ab #bh #ccf ,add #c = wa/age or #aj --- ,total brick-size tile to be ord]$ #cdf ,e/imat+ ,labor ,requir$ ,sid5ote3 ,plac+ ,brick & ,tile ,! usual me?od ( e/imat+ ! labor bill = brickwork or tile is to r$uce x to ! am\nt p] ?\s& brick or tile plac$1 :i* n only cov]s ! bricklay]s' "t1 b ! mort>1 ! necess>y labor = mix+ x1 & ! labor t5d+ ! bricklay]s4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 v>ies 9 diff]5t localities & ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( brick or tile1 mort>1 & jo9ts4 ,! contractor is urg$ to keep an accurate record ( ! numb] ( brick or tile laid p] day1 ! am\nt ( mort> ( v>i\s k9ds us$1 & ! numb] ( bricklay]s = :i* "o labor] is necess>y1 s t he may det]m9e = himself1 f ! total1 ! unit co/s p] ?\s& = plac+ brick or tile accord+ to diff]5t specifications4 ,x mu/ be c>efully not$ t su* items z ar*es1 pi]s1 panels1 special bond patt]ns1 etc41 require additional "t = execution1 dep5d+ ^u _! nature4 ,! contractor w h to be guid$ by 8 own exp]i5ces 9 mak+ all[ances = ! additional labor necess>y = ?is "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,build+ a ,fireplace ,x is difficult to e/imate ! labor requir$ = build+ a fireplace1 due to ! v>iety ( designs & ! necess>y am\nt ( cutt+ & fitt+ requir$4 ,!re=e _m masons e/imate ?is "w at s mu* p] fireplace or at a unit price p] ?\s& brick4 ,x may be said t a bricklay] %\ld lay ! face ( a fireplace #e to #f feet wide & #d to #e feet high 9 t5 h\rs1 & ! fire brick l9+ 9 f #d to #f h\rs4 ,x w take ab\t #d h\rs' "t to lay ! entire he>?4 ,"o-half h\r ( labor]'s "t %\ld be all[$ = e h\r ( bricklay]s' "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,clean+ ,brickwork ,! co/ ( clean+ & po9t+ face brickwork w v>y ) ! k9d ( brick to be clean$1 z x is easi] to clean brick ) a smoo? surface ?an ) a r\gh texture4 ,an exp]i5c$ man %\ld clean #ie to #ajj smoo? brick or #ge to #hj r\gh brick p] h\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat]pro(+ ,f\ndation ,walls ,= "o-half in* pla/] coat+1 compos$ ( "o "p ,portl& cem5t to two p>ts s&1 #b bags ,portl& cem5t & #d cubic feet ( s& w be requir$ to cov] "o squ>e1 t is1 #ajj sq4 ft4 ( wall surface1 & x w require "o-half h\r ( labor]'s "t = mix+4 ,an exp]i5c$ workman & help] %\ld cov] f #dj to #de sq4 ft4 ( surface p] h\r4 ,= a coat+ ei!r ( hot asphalt or ( pit*1 to be well appli$ ) a heavy mop1 approximately #bjj p\nds ( mat]ial & a half day = two m5 w be requir$ to cov] #aj squ>es ( wall surface4 ,ab\t "o gallon ( creosote siz+ w\ld be requir$ p] squ>e1 ) only "o-half to a qu>t] z mu* labor z = ! wat]pro(+4 ,h&l+ ( ,mat]ials ,! /orage space = all mat]ials %\ld be conv5i5t to ! build+1 & :]e ! team c rea* x s t reh&l+ may be avoid$4 ,sid5ote3 ,face ,brick ,:5 face brick are deliv]$ on ! job1 !y %\ld be imm$iately comp>$ ) ! sample1 previ\sly select$1 = color1 size1 & quality1 to prev5t any misund]/&+ lat] :5 !y are laid 9 ! wall4 ,if %ipp$ by freight1 !y %\ld be exam9$ be=e be+ unload$ f ! c>4 ,face brick %\ld be /ack$ 9 neat piles1 laid ei!r on edge1 face up & protect$ ) /raw1 or on _! sides 9 su* a way z to protect ! faces4 ,labor]s1 9 c>ry+ face brick to ! mason1 %\ld place !m face up = ! conv5i5ce ( h&l+4 ,sid5ote3 ,common ,brick & ,tile ,except on l>ge jobs1 common brick are n usually /ack$4 ,!y are dump$ 9 a pile :i* makes x easi] to wet !m d[n ?or\ghly z expla9$ lat]4 ,holl[ tile %\ld be /ack$ 9 neat piles to prev5t undue breakage1 ea* size & %ape be+ pil$ sep>ately4 ,sid5ote3 ,lime & ,cem5t ,lump lime %\ld always be /or$ 9 a cov]$ box to keep x dry4 ,?is box %\ld h a h+$ op5+ on "o side1 at ! bottom1 f :i* ! lime may be conv5i5tly remov$4 ,lump lime %\ld be slak$ at lea/ a week be=e us$ to all[ = ?or\gh hydration & cool+4 ,hydrat$ lime & cem5t %\ld be c>efully protect$ f ! wea!r by /ack+ ! sacks on planks laid on ! gr\nd & by a cov]+ ( planks & t>paul94 ,sid5ote3 ,s& ,! s& pile %\ld be locat$ z ne> ! mort> box z possible = conv5i5ce 9 h&l+4 ,9 case ! s& ne$s scre5+1 an ! s& pile %\ld be locat$ at su* a di/ance f ! mort> box t :5 ! s& is ?r[n ?r\gh ! sieve1 x w =m a pile adjac5t to ! mort> box4 ,sid5ote3 ,wett+ ,common ,brick ,all brick1 especially ! s(t] grades ( common brick1 %\ld be ?or\ghly wett$ j be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! wall1 b n made s wet z to cause slid+ on ! mort>4 ,! object ( ?is wett+ is to prev5t ! bricks f absorb+ moi/ure f ! mort> :i* mu/ be all[$ to dry sl[ly s z to obta9 a good bond4 ,if !y are laid dry1 ! bricks w quickly take up a l>ge am\nt ( wat] f ! mort>1 prev5t+ prop] sett+ & adhesion4 ,wat] increases ! weight ( brick & consequ5tly ! labor ( h&l+1 s t "s workm5 are incl9$ to lay !m dry4 ,?is %\ld n be all[$ except 9 freez+ wea!r1 :5 ! conditions require quick] sett+4 ,good mort> bond is ess5tial to a good wall4 ,"w ,done 9 ,cold ,wea!r ,9 latitudes :]e ! w9t] temp]ature is prevail+ly bel[ freez+1 all mat]ial = mort>1 includ+ wat]1 %\ld be heat$4 ,if ?is is done1 ! mort> w take its initial set be=e x freezes & no damage w result4 ,9 extremely cold wea!r1 add$ precautions %\ld be tak5 9 case ( foot+s by protect+ !m ) manure4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions w be f\nd useful = cold wea!r "w4 ,:5 be+ laid ! brick %\ld be ?or\ghly dry2 & if possible w>m$4 ,no bricks ) ice on !m %\ld be laid 9 ! wall1 & cem5t or cem5t-lime mort> %\ld be us$ to get quick sett+4 ,= heat+ s& & gravel1 a corrugat$ %eet metal culv]t1 ab\t #bj in*es 9 diamet] & ab\t #aj feet long1 may be us$4 ,a wood fire is built 9 ! ends ( ! pipe ov] :i* ! s& & gravel are pil$4 ,?is easy & simple me?od w melt all froz5 lumps 9 ! mat]ial & dry out ! result+ moi/ure4 ,:]e city wat] pressure is available1 ! wat] may be heat$ 9 a coil atta*$ to ! ma9 & l>ge en\gh to h a fire built 9 ! c5t]1 a v simple & effici5t me?od :i* any plumb] c easily in/all4 ,place a %eet-iron gu>d ar\nd ! coil to cons]ve ! heat4 ,?is equipm5t proves v satisfactory1 z x w>ms ! wat] z fa/ z x is drawn (f ?r\gh ! hose4 ,! entire in/allation may be f\nd on ! m>ket at a comp>atively small co/4 ,)\t su* an arrangem5t ! wat] may be heat$ 9 an ord9>y iron kettle ov] a wood fire4 ,wat] %\ld nev] be heat$ to ! boil+ po9t1 z too high a temp]ature w injure ! sett+ prop]ties ( ! mort>4 ,a temp]ature ( ab\t #afe degrees1 or ! same z g5]ally requir$ = h\sehold uses1 is be/4 ,if ! above conditions are met1 brickwork may be cont9u$ practically ?r\gh\t ! entire w9t]1 except only s f> z ! com=t ( ! workm5 dictates4 ,!y w usually quit at ab\t #bj degrees above z]o1 dep5d+ some:at ^u o!r wea!r conditions4 ,if x is n too w9dy1 !y w "w outside 9 a l[] temp]ature ?an :5 x is v w9dy4 ,a %elt]1 h[ev]1 may v easily be con/ruct$ = ! workm5 by nail+ a few #b #d scantl+s upright to ! scaffold+ ) ano!r #b #d nail$ along ! top z a support = a t>paul94 ,a salam&] beh9d ?is %elt] w make x q com=table = ! workm5 z well z help ! mort> to set4 ,z ! use ( wood 9 ! salam&] makes a too int5se & irregul> heat1 besides giv+ (f m or less smoke1 coke is recomm5d$4 ,! am\nt ( coke requir$ on an ord9>y job is s small z to be almo/ negligible4 ,! wall at any "o po9t %\ld n be c>ri$ v high 9 "o day4 ,x is bett] to "w ar\nd ! entire build+ a few feet at a "t r ?an to "w on "o side & c>ry ! wall six or m feet high4 ,walls ?us erect$ are apt to get out ( plumb f ! alt]nat+ effect ( ! night cold & ! day sun4 ,z soon z ! floor joi/s ( any /ory are set 9 place & floor$1 ! w9d[ & door op5+s ( ! floor bel[ %\ld be tightly clos$1 ei!r by ! p]man5t sa% or by tempor>y bo>d+ or build+ pap]1 s t salam&]s may be plac$ inside to dry out ! build+ ?or\ghly4 ,once a day ! build+ %\ld be air$4 ,if ! above sugge/ions are foll[$1 !re is no reason :y brickwork %\ld n be cont9u$ ?r\gh ! av]age w9t] mon?s4 ,! extra "w accompli%$ dur+ ! usually dull season is wor? m to ! contractor ?an ! tr\ble he has tak5 or ! additional co/ ( labor4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,usual ,,t]ms ,,9 ,,brick ,,lay+ ,angle ,iron4 ,a /ructural piece ( /eel 9 ! =m ( a #ij angle us$ 9 c]ta9 situations to su/a9 brickwork4 ,back+4 ,! "p ( ! wall beh9d ! face brick4 ,bat4 ,any "p ( a brick int5tionally or accid5tally brok5 (f4 ,b$4 ,! horizontal surface on :i* ! bricks ( ! wall lie 9 c\rses4 ,also1 ! mort> on :i* ! brick re/4 ,b$ ,jo9t4 ,a jo9t betwe5 two horizontal c\rses ( brick4 ,belt ,c\rse4 ,a horizontal c\rse ( brick or o!r mat]ial usually project+1 & g5]ally 9 l9e ) w9d[ sills or heads4 ,b5*-,m>k4 ,a well def9$ m>k1 accurately e/abli%$1 9 a protect$ location on "s immovable object1 z a po9t ( ref]5ce4 ,bond4 ,! ov]lapp+ ( brick 9 v>i\s ways s z to give bo? longitud9al & transv]se /r5g? to ! wall1 & at ! same "t produce a pleas+ appe>ance4 ,break+ ,jo9t4 ,! plac+ ( brick s t no two v]tical or head jo9ts come imm$iately ov] "o ano!r4 ,butt]$ ,jo9t4 ,a v ?9 mort> jo9t made by scrap+ a small quantity ( mort> ) ! tr[el on all edges ( ! brick & lay+ x )\t ! usual mort> b$4 ,cell4 ,"o ( ! holl[ spaces 9 build+ tile4 ,c5t]+4 ,! tempor>y frame or template on :i* an ar* is turn$4 ,*ase4 ,a v]tical recess on ! inside face ( a wall =m$ by omitt+ "o or m bricks 9 ea* c\rse to accommodate plumb+1 heat+1 or o!r pipes4 ,*imney ,brea/4 ,! projection on ! int]ior or ext]ior face ( a wall caus$ by fireplace or flues4 ,closure4 ,a qu>t] or ?ree-qu>t] brick to close1 :5 requir$1 ! end ( a c\rse1 z di/+ui%$ f a half-brick4 ,?is t]m equally applies to tile4 ,cop+4 ,a r[ ( brick1 usually project+1 us$ to cap or f9i% ! top ( a wall & protect x f ! wea!r4 ,x is usually laid up 9 v ri* ,portl& cem5t mort> ) tool$ jo9ts4 ,corbel4 ,"o or m c\rses ( brick project+ f ! wall to =m a support4 ,c\rse4 ,a horizontal r[ ( brick 9 a wall4 ,cull+4 ,sort+ brick = size1 color1 & quality4 ,culls4 ,! brick reject$ 9 cull+4 ,diap]4 ,any cont9u\s patt]n 9 brickwork ( :i* ! v>i\s bonds are examples4 ,x is usually appli$ h[ev]1 to diamond or o!r diagonal patt]ns4 ,edge-set4 ,a brick set on its n>r[ in/ead ( on its flat side4 ,effloresc5ce4 ,! deposition ( a :ite p[d] or cru/ on ! surface ( brickwork1 due to soluble salts usually 9 ! mort> b sometimes 9 ! brick1 &1 drawn out ) ! moi/ure by ! sun1 left z a deposit on ! surface4 ,brick clays conta9+ ^! salts are n[ cur$ by us+ a c>bonate ( b>ium4 ,aga9/ mort> effloresc5ce c>e %\ld be tak5 to protect all brickwork at eaves & sill c\rses f excessive moi/ure4 ,also ,:itewa% or ,:itewa%+4 ,face ,brick4 ,a well-burn$ brick1 especially prep>$1 select$1 & h&l$ to secure attractive appe>ance 9 ! face ( a wall1 z di/+ui%$ f common brick z us$ = back+ or o!r /ructural "w4 ,face4 ,! long1 n>r[ side ( a brick1 specially treat$ 9 ! manufacture ( face brick to produce c]ta9 color tones & textures4 ,fire ,/op4 ,a projection ( brickwork on ! walls betwe5 ! joi/s to prev5t ! spread ( fire or v]m94 ,flat ,/ret*] ,c\rse4 ,a c\rse ( /ret*]s set on edge & expos+ _! flat sides on ! surface ( ! wall4 ,frequ5tly done ) brick f9i%$ = ! purpose on ! flat side1 su* z enamel$ or glaz$ brick4 ,flue4 ,a passage 9 a *imney especially = ! exit ( smoke & gases1 "o or m ( :i* may be enclos$ 9 ! same *imney4 ,flue ,l9+4 ,a smoo? "o-cell$ holl[ tile = protect+ flues4 ,foot+4 ,! broad5$ base ( a f\ndation wall1 or o!r sup]-/ructure4 ,gre5 ,brickwork4 ,brickwork 9 :i* ! mort> has n yet set4 ,gr\t4 ,ri* mort> made v ?9 s t x w readily run into ! jo9ts ( brickwork & fill !m4 ,head]4 ,a brick laid on its flat side across ! ?ickness ( ! wall1 s z to %[ ! end ( ! brick on ! surface ( ! wall4 ,head] ,c\rse4 ,a c\rse compos$ entirely ( head]s4 ,head ,jo9t4 ,a jo9t betwe5 ! ends ( two bricks 9 ! same c\rse4 ,also ,v]tical ,jo9t4 ,he>?4 ,t portion ( a fireplace level ) ! floor1 ^u :i* ! fire is built4 ,! re> portion ext5d+ into ! fire op5+ is kn[n z ! back he>?4 ,lead4 ,a "p ( ! wall at ! corn]s1 or else:]e :5 ne$$1 built 9 advance ( ! re/ ( ! wall z a guide to :i* ! l9e is atta*$4 ,lime ,putty4 ,slak$ lime 9 a s(t puttylike condition be=e s& or cem5t is add$4 ,l9e4 ,! /r+ /ret*$ taut f lead to lead z a guide = lay+ ! top edge ( a brick c\rse4 ,l9tel4 ,a horizontal support = brickwork ov] an op5+4 ,mantel4 ,a %elf project+ beyond ! *imney brea/ above ! fireplace op5+4 ,nogg+4 ,a fill+ ( brick betwe5 ! ro( raft]s f wall plate to ro( bo>ds = ! purpose ( mak+ ! build+ w9d-tight4 ,po9t+4 ,ins]t+ mort> into ! jo9ts aft] ! brickwork is complet$1 9 ord] to correct defects left 9 ! progress ( ! "w4 ,quo9s4 ,project+ c\rses ( brick at ! corn]s ( build+s z ornam5tal features4 ,rack+4 ,lay+ ! end ( ! wall ) a s]ies ( /eps s t :5 "w is resum$1 ! bond c be easily cont9u$4 ,m conv5i5t & /ructurally bett] ?an too?+4 ,reveal4 ,! v]tical side ( a w9d[ or door op5+ f face ( wall to frame4 ,r[lock ,c\rse4 ,a c\rse ( head]s laid on ! edge in/ead ( on ! flat side ( ! brick z usual4 ,salmon ,brick4 ,! s(t] brick ( ! kiln suitable = places protect$ f outside exposure or :]e great cru%+ /r5g? is n requir$4 ,selects4 ,! bricks accept$ z ! be/ aft] cull+4 ,%ove ,jo9t4 ,a v]tical jo9t fill$ by %ov+ ! brick1 :5 x is be+ laid 9 ! b$ ( mort>1 aga9/ ! next brick4 ,also ,%ov$ ,jo9t4 ,skewback4 ,9 brickwork1 a brick or /one cut to make an incl9$ surface = receiv+ ?ru/ or pressure1 z ( an ar*4 ,slu% ,jo9t4 ,a v]tical jo9t fill$ by ?r[+ mort> 9 ) ! tr[el aft] ! bricks are laid4 ,also ,slu%$ ,jo9t4 ,smoke ,*amb]4 ,! space 9 a fireplace imm$iately above ! ?roat1 :]e ! smoke ga!rs be=e pass+ into ! flue1 & n>r[$ by corbel+ to ! size ( ! flue l9+ above4 ,also ,smoke ,cav]n4 ,soldi] ,c\rse4 ,a c\rse ( /ret*]s set on end ) ! face %[+ on ! wall surface4 ,splay4 ,a slope or bevel1 p>ticul>ly at ! sides ( a w9d[ or door4 ,/ory ,pole4 ,a pole on :i* ! height f joi/ to joi/1 z well z all int]m$iate op5+s1 brick c\rses1 etc41 is indicat$4 ,/ret*]4 ,a brick laid on its flat side s z to %[ its face on ! surface ( ! wall4 ,template4 ,any =m or patt]n1 su* z c5t]+1 ov] :i* brickwork may be =m$4 ,?ickness ( ,wall4 ,! ?ickness ( a wall /at$ 9 t]ms ( brick1 in*es1 or ti]s1 ?us3 ,9 ,numb] ( ,brick4 ,9 ,in*es4 ,9 ,ti]s4 ------------ ------------ ---------- ,"o brick #d #a ti] ,two #h or #i #b ti]s ,?ree #ab or #ac #c ti]s ,f\r #af or #ag #d ti]s ,?roat4 ,an op5+ at ! top ( a fireplace ?r\gh :i* ! smoke passes to ! smoke *amb] & *imney4 ,ti]4 ,"o ( ! f\r-in*1 or "o-brick1 lay]s 9 ! ?ickness ( a wall4 7,gilbre?74 ,too?+4 ,! me?od ( build+ ! end ( a wall s t ! end /ret*] ( e alt]nate c\rse projects "o-half its l5g?1 aga9/ :i* ano!r wall may be built4 ,too?+-94 ,jo9+ a new wall to an old too!d wall4 ,trimm] ,ar*4 ,a brick ar* built 9 front ( & bel[ a fireplace op5+ to support ! he>?1 abutt+ on ! fireplace f\ndation & ?ru/+ aga9/ ! head] joi/4 ,tuck-po9t+4 ,! fill+ 9 ( jo9ts 9 old brickwork ) fre% mort>1 usually cem5t4 ,v]tical ,jo9t4 ,same z ,head ,jo9t4 ,wa%+ ,d[n4 ,clean+ ! surface ( ! brick wall1 aft] x is complet$ & po9t$1 ) a mild solution ( muriatic acid4 ,wat] ,table4 ,a slight projection ( ! l[] c\rses ( brickwork at ! base ( a build+4 ,webb4 ,! ?9 wall b\nd+ & sep>at+ ! cells 9 holl[ tile4 ,:itewa%+1 ,:itewa%4 ,see ,effloresc5ce4 ,w9d ,%elf4 ,! l$ge back ( ! damp] at ! bottom ( ! smoke cav]n4 ,)e4 ,a p>tition betwe5 two flues 9 ! same *imney4 ,,index ,additional copies ( plans1 etc4 #da ,adobe1 fir/ brick made #e 9 ,am]ica #g ,aim ( ?is ,manual #e ,am]ica1 brick manufacture & use 9 #g ,am]ican ,bond #cc ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association #ajd ,an*ors1 = joi/ #ai = ro( plate #bj ,angle ,irons1 use ( #bc ,angles 9 wall con/ruction #ba-bb be/ me?od = #bb ,ar*es1 face brick #bc ,ar*itectural ,symbols table ( #dj ,asbe/os ,%+les #cg-ch ,a% ,*ute = he>? #cj ,a% ,pit = fireplace #ah ,asphalt = wat]pro(+ #ah1 #ajh ,asphalt ,%+les #cg-ch ,babylonian orig9 ( brick #e ,back+1 common brick #ae1 #ai1 #aje holl[ tile #ae1 #be1 #ajf ,basket ,weave ,patt]n #ce ,bats1 c>e 9 us+ #cc ,bays1 lay+ corn]s ( #ba ,beauty ( ,h\se1 economic value #aa ,bill ( ,mat]ials1 see ,quantity ,survey ,bond+1 face brick to common #ah-ai face brick to frame #bg face brick to holl[ tile #bf 9 f\ndation walls #ag ,bonds1 see ,face ,brick ,bonds ,brick1 burn+ ( #g common1 see ,common ,brick face1 see ,face ,brick manufacture & use 9 ,am]ica #g me?od ( lay+ #ag on edge or flat #ca p] squ>e foot1 table #ajd /ory ( #e treatm5t = color #g ,brickmak+1 anci5t & mod]n #f-g ,brick ,v5e]1 see ,face ,brick ,v5e] ,brickwork1 ext5t ( anci5t use #e-f 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica #f-g 9 ,middle ,ages #f mort> jo9ts us$ 9 #ce /r5g? & rigidity ( #cc ,build]1 opportunity = ! #h ,build+ a ,home1 importance ( #aj ,butt]$ ,jo9ts #ai1 #be1 #ce ,casem5t ,w9d[s #bc ,cem5t1 = wat]pro(+ #ah1 #ajh h&l+ #ajh 9 mort> #cf1 #ajd ,cem5t-lime ,mort> #cf1 #ajd ,cem5t ,pla/]1 :5 us$ = flues #ba :5 us$ = wat]pro(+ #ah ,*imneys1 int]ior & ext]ior #bj1 #ba ) holl[ tile con/ruction #bf ) v5e] con/ruction #bg ,*9a #f ,clays 9 brickmak+ #g ,clean+ d[n wall #bd1 #bf labor = #ajh ,clos+ 9 build+ #aji ,closures1 brick #cd holl[ tile #be1 #ajf1 #ajg ,coeffici5ts = tile1 table #ajf ,coke = salam&]s #aji ,cold ,wea!r1 "w 9 #aji ,color ,effects1 9 brick wall #h ,com=t & ,heal?1 9 brick h\se #aa ,common ,bond #cc ,common ,brick1 comp>$ ) face #af = back+ #ae1 #ai1 #aje h&l+ #ajh h>d-burn$ #f1 #ag 9 place ( tile #ajf quantities requir$ #aje1 #ajg select$ #af wett+ be=e use #ajh ,comp>ative ,co/s1 9 p]c5tages #ab ,concave ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,conceal$ ,bond #ai ,concrete1 = foot+s #ag = /ep =ms1 pa? bord]s1 etc4 #ca ,convex ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,copies1 plans & specifications #da ,corbel+1 betwe5 joi/s #ai-bj = *imney support #ah 9 fireplaces #cj ,corn]s ( ,wall1 n "r-angl$ #ba-bb ,co/s1 initial & f9al #i1 #ab gett+ a unit ( #ajh p]c5tage diff]5ces #ab ,cradle ( human civilization #e ,creosote 9 damp pro(+ #ah ,dampness1 h[ to prev5t #ae ,dean ,dean1 ar*itects #dj ,depreciation1 9 value ( h\se #aj ,diamond ,patt]ns #cd ,door ,frame ,sizes1 table ( #bc ,door ,sills1 9 brick con/ruction #bb 9 holl[ tile con/ruction #bf 9 v5e] con/ruction #bh ,d\ble ,head] ,bond #ai1 #be ,dra9s1 at base ( f\ndation walls #ag ,dry+ ,brick1 be=e sett+ 9 kiln #g ,dry+ out build+ #aji ,dry-press ,brick #g ,economic m]its ( face brick #i ,economic value ( beauty #aa ,effect ( bond & mort> jo9t #i ,effloresc5ce #ae ,egypt1 brickmak+ 9 #f ,engl&1 brickwork 9 #f ,engli% & ,engli% ,cross ,bond #cc-cd ,engli% ,c\ntry ,h\ses #f ,e/imat+1 am\nt ( common brick #aje am\nt ( face brick #ajd am\nt ( holl[ tile #ajf ,euphrates ,valley #e ,face ,brick1 ar*es #bc arti/ic possibilities ( #i1 #cf bond or patt]n 9 #i bond+ to common #ah-ai bond+ to frame #bg bond+ to tile #bf bonds #cc-ce c>e 9 mak+ & h&l+ #af color & texture #g-h h&l+ on ! job #ajh inspection ( #ajh pre-em95t m]its ( #i quantities requir$ #ajd1 #ajg /&>d size ( #ajd v5e] on old frame #af1 #bg wa/age #aje ,face ,brick ,con/ruction1 com=t ( #aa economy ( #i1 #ab1 #ch fire-safety ( #ch solid #af1ah types ( wall #ae ,face ,brick ,v5e] ,con/ruction #ae1 #bf1 #bh on old frame h\ses1 etc4 #af1 #bg1 #bh ,fire ,brick1 9 fireplaces #cj ,fireplaces1 con/ruction ( #bi damp]1 flue1 he>? #cj designs #cj-ca f\ndation = #ah labor = #ajh op5+s1 table ( #bi ,fire ,causes1 int]ior & ext]ior1 table #ch ,fire ,protection #aa fire-resi/ive %+les #cg-ch int]ior protective measures #ch ,fire ,protection = ! ro( #cg to be increas$ #cg ,fire ,/ops #ai *eck v]m9 #bj "r & wrong practice #bj :5 n ne$$ #bd-be ,flat ,brick ,ar*es1 con/ruction ( #bc ,flemi% ,bond #cd ,flemi% influ5ce 9 ,engl& #f ,floors & ,walks ( brick #ca ,flues & ,flue ,l9+s #ba ,flu%-cut ,mort> jo9t #ce ,foot+s1 = f\ndations #ag = v5e] on old frame #bh ,f\ndation ,walls #ag wat]pro(+ #ah ,frame ,con/ruction1 up-keep & depreciation #aj v5e]+ old #af-bg-bh weakness ( #ae ,frames1 w9d[ & door #bb-bc ,freez+ ,wea!r1 "w 9 #aji ,fundam5tals ( build+ #e ,furnace ,flue ,clean\t #ba ,furr+1 k9ds ( #bd :51 & :5 n1 ne$$ #ae1 #bd1 #be ,g>d5 ,walls1 bond 9 #cd1 #aje ( face brick #cb ,gate ,po/s1 face brick #cb ,g5]al rule = brick quantities #ajd ,georges1 ,!1 days ( #f ,go?ic ,epo* ( build+ #f ,gravel1 = wide mort> jo9ts #cf ,greek ,crosses1 se5 9 bonds #cd ,gre5 ,brick #g ,gre5 ,brickwork1 9 wall #ah ,gr\nds #bd ,gr\t+ ( brick walks #ca ,gr[+ dem& = brick build+ #h ,gypsum ,bo>d1 z fire ret>dant #ch ,h&l+ ,mat]ials #ajh ,he>?1 ,! #cj ,h5ry ,,viii1 times ( #f ,h]r+bone ,patt]n #ce1 #aje ,holl[ or ,vault$ ,brick ,wall #bd ,holl[ ,tile1 back+ = face brick #e1 #ae bond+ to face brick #bf brick-size #ajf closures #be1 #ajf1 #ajg con/ruction #be1 #bf h&l+ #ajh me?ods ( lay+ #be quantities requir$ #ajf1 #ajg re9=c$ l9tel #bf sizes ( #be1 #ajf split furr+ #bd table ( sizes #ajf wa/age #ajf ,home-build+1 importance ( #aj ,homes1 %ortage ( #ad ,hydrat$ ,lime #cg1 #ajd ,increas+ ,pr(its #h1 #bh ,india #f ,insurance1 sav+ on #aa ,israel 9 ,egypt #e ,jo9ts1 slu%+ ( #ag1 #ai ,joi/ ,an*ors1 bevel+ ends ( #ai ,josl91 ,ar?ur ,w41 on ! holl[ wall #bd ,ju]g5s1 ,alfr$1 arti/ #dj ,labor ,requir$ #ajh ,la?1 :]e & h[ plac$ #bj ,lay+ out "w = brick #bc = holl[ tile #bf ,leads1 lay+ up at corn]s #ag ,lime1 h&l+ #ajh ,lime1 lump or hydrat$ #cf1 #cg1 #ajd ,l9tels & ,ar*es #bc ,lumb] #ac-ad ,magna ,*>ta1 days ( #f ,ma9t5ance or ,upkeep #aj ,mesopotamian ,pla9 #e ,metal ,wall ,ties #ai1 #bg ,mexico #g ,mod]n ,brick ,mak+ #g ,mort> ,colors #cf ,mort> ,jo9ts #ce ,mort>s1 mix+ & temp]+ #cf-cg table ( mixes #ajd ,muriatic ,acid1 = clean+ walls #bd ,nail ,holds1 = furr+ #bj ,nails1 z an*ors or ties #bd1 #bg1 #bh ,national ,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s #ch ,nebu*adnezz> #e ,nogg+1 :]e1 & :]e n1 ne$$ #bj ,octagon or ,splay brick #ba ,(fsets 9 *imneys #ba ,op5+s #bb supports = #bc ,orig9 ( brickmak+ #e ,ornam5tal ,brickwork1 outside #cj-cb ,patt]ns 9 brickwork #cd-ce ,pay+ ,inve/m5ts #bg ,p]c5tages1 ( brick add$ = bonds #aje ( diff]5ce 9 co/s #ab ,p]gola ,po/s1 face brick #ca ,p]sia #f ,p]u #g ,pit* = wat]pro(+ #ah1 #ajh ,plans & ,specifications1 prices #dj-da ,pla/]+ )\t furr+ #bd-be ,po9t+ up wall #bd ,por*es1 bond 9 walls ( #aje ( face brick on old build+s #bh ,protection1 ( bricklay]s 9 w9t] #aji ( ! day's "w #ai ,putty1 lime #cg ,quantities ( ,mat]ials #ajd1 #ajg ,quantity ,survey #dj ,que5 ,anne1 days ( #f ,rak$ ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,re9=c+1 ( p]gola & gate po/s #cb ( tile l9tels #bf ,reliev+ ,ar*es #bc ,repp1 ,geo4 ,w41 ar*itect #ag ,rev]sal ( ,plans #dj ,rodd$ ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,roman ,brickwork #f ,ro(1 fire-resi/ive mat]ial = #cg po9t ( dang] 9 fire #cg ,ro( ,plate ,an*ors #bj ,r[lock ,c\rses #ah1 #ce effect on quantities #aje 9 ar*es #bc ,runn+ ,bond #cc ,salam&]s1 use ( #aji ,s&1 h&l+ #ajh = mort>s #cf ,s&-mold ,brick #g ,s>gon ( ,akkad #e ,scaffold+ #ah ,scrib+ ,bead #bc ,segm5tal ,face ,brick ,ar*es #bc ,semi-circul> ,face ,brick ,ar*es #bc ,s5tim5tal ,value ( ! h\se #aa ,sewage ,disposal #dj ,%+le ,tile #cg-ch ,sills1 w9d[ & door #bb ,sizes1 common brick #aje holl[ tile #be1 #ajf /&>d face brick #ajd ,skewbacks1 9 ar* con/ruction #bc ,slak+ ,lime #cg ,slate ,%+les #cg-ch ,slop-mold ,brick #g ,slu%+ ,jo9ts #ag1 #ai ,soldi] ,c\rses #ah1 #ce effect on quantities #aje ,solid ,face ,brick ,con/ruction #ae1 #ah ,spani% 9 ,mexico & ,p]u1 ! #g ,specifications & ,plans #dj ,splay or ,octagon ,brick #ba ,/aff ,bead or ,brick ,mold #bc ,/eel ,l9tels #bc1 #bh ,/eps1 brick #ca ,/iff-mud ,brick #g ,/orage ,space #ajh ,/ore ,fronts ,v5e]$ #bh ,/ret*] ,bond #cc ,/rik+ ,jo9ts #ag1 #ai ,/ripp$ ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,/ruck ,jo9t1 ! #ce :5 to avoid #ai ,/ructural ,m]its ( face brick #i ,/ucco1 v5e]+ old #bg weakness ( #af ,tables ,ar*itectural ,symbols #dj ,coeffici5ts = ,tile ,quantities #ajf ,comp>ative ,co/s #ab ,door ,frame ,sizes #bc ,fire ,causes #ch ,fireplace ,op5+s #bi ,flue ,l9+s #ba ,mort> ,mixes = #ajjj ,brick #ajd ,mort> ,mixes = #ajjj ,tile #ajd ,numb] ,brick p] ,squ>e ,foot #ajd ,p]c5tages ,add$ = ,bonds #aje ,tile ,sizes #ajf ,w9d[ ,frame ,sizes #bb ,t>1 = wat]pro(+ #ah1 #ajh ,temp]+ ,mort>s #cg ,t]ra ,cotta ,flue ,l9+s #ba ,texture ( brick #h ,?ickness ( walls #ah1 #aaa ,t[] ( ,babel #e ,upkeep1 see ,ma9t5ance ,value ( ,face ,brick ,h\se1 arti/ic #aa1 #af economic #i1 #aa sell+ or r5t+ #aa s5tim5tal #aa ,vault$ or ,holl[ ,brick ,wall #bd ,v5e]+1 see ,face ,brick ,v5e] ,v]m9 ,/ops1 see ,fire ,/ops ,vitruvius on elem5ts 9 ar*itecture #e1 #i ,v-tool$ ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,walks & ,floors ( brick #ca e/imat+ brick = #aje ,walls1 holl[ tile #ae1 #be me?ods ( lay+ #ab #bj solid brick #ae1 #ah v5e] #ae1 #bf :5 #h or #ab #ah ,wa%+ d[n1 see ,clean+ d[n wall ,wa/age1 ( brick #aje ( holl[ tile #ajf ,wa/es ( ,w> #ac ,wat]pro(+ ,f\ndation ,walls #ah labor = #ajh ,wat] ,tables #ah ,wea!r$ ,mort> ,jo9t #ce ,wett+ ,common ,brick #ajh ,wide ,*oice1 9 color & texture #h ,wide ,mort> ,jo9t1 h[ secur$ #cf ,w9d[ ,frames & ,sa% #bb table ( sizes #bb ,w9d[ ,sills1 9 brick con/ruction #bb 9 holl[ tile con/ruction #bf 9 v5e] con/ruction #bh ,wire-cut ,brick #g ,)es 9 *imneys #ba ,wood ,%+les #cg ,"w 9 cold wea!r #aji ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,half-,,tones ,page ,frontispiece #d ,brickwork ( ,old ,p]sian ,tomb #f ,c>p5t]s' ,hall1 ,philadelphia #g ,face ,brick ,bungal[1 ,evan/on1 ,ill4 #aj ,face ,brick ,bank1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 #aj ,face ,brick ,bungal[1 ,w9dsor ,p>k1 ,ill4 #aa ,face ,brick ,libr>y1 ,coatsville1 ,ind4 #aa ,face ,brick ,/ore ,front1 ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 #ab ,face ,brick ,s*ool1 ,highl& ,p>k1 ,ill4 #ac ,face ,brick ,/ore ,front1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 #ac ,face ,brick ,h\se1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ad ,face ,brick ,bungal[1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 #ae ,v5e]+ ov] ,old ,frame #af ,,z9cs ,page ,brickmak+ 9 ,egypt #f ,brick ,foot+ #ag ,types ( ,basem5t ,walls #ah ,conceal$ ,bond #ai ,metal ,wall ,ties #ai ,good & ,bad ,joi/ ,an*ors #ai ,true ,corbel+ betwe5 ,joi/s #ai ,false ,corbel+ betwe5 joi/s #bj ,raft]s & ,ro( ,plate #bj ,*imney ,height #ba ,*imney ,)es #ba ,*imney ,(fset #ba ,outside ,angle ,corn]s #ba ,obtuse ,angle ,turns #bb ,acute ,angle ,turns #bb ,! ,solid ,brick ,wall #bb ,brick ,ar*es #bc ,holl[ or ,vault$ ,brick ,wall #bd ,face ,brick on ,holl[ ,tile #be ,holl[ ,tile & ,/eel ,l9tels #bf ,v5e] ,con/ruction #bg ,nail ,wall ,ties #bg ,v5e]+ ,old ,frame #bh ,p]spective ( ,fireplace #bi ,cross ,section ( ,fireplace #bi ,he>? ,edge ,set #cj ,he>? ,flat ,set #cj ,fireplace ,designs #cj ,/eps1 ,end ,set ,treads #ca ,flat ,set ,treads #ca ,edge ,set ,treads #ca ,p]gola ,po/ #ca ,fireplace ,design #ca ,por* or ,p]gola po/ #cb ,gate ,po/ #cb ,bond+ ,/r5g? #cc ,common or ,am]ican ,bond #cc ,engli% ,bond #cc ,engli% ,cross or ,dut* ,bond #cd ,flemi% ,bond #cd ,g>d5 ,wall ,bond #cd ,diamond ,bond ,patt]ns #cd ,*eck]bo>d ,patt]n #ce ,basket ,weave ,patt]n #ce ,h]r+bone ,patt]n #ce ,mort> ,jo9ts #ce ,p]gola #da ,color ,plates #db-ajb ,brick & ,mort> ,jo9t #ajd ,/ock ,tile ,%apes #ajf ,! ,am]ican ,face ,brick ,association ,,john ,h4 ,,black1 ,presid5t ,s4 ,c4 ,,m>t91 #a/ ,vice ,presid5t ,b4 ,w4 ,,ball\1 #bnd ,vice ,presid5t ,r4 ,d4 ,t4 ,,holl[ell1 ,sec4-,treas4 ,illu/ration ,directors ,b4 ,w4 ,,ball\ ,t4 ,p4 ,,cu?b]t ,kansas ,buff ,brick ,mfg4 ,co4 ,fall/on ,fire ,clay ,company ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,,george ,a4 ,,bass ,w4 ,h4 ,,hoagl& ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,company ,claycraft ,m9+ & ,brick ,company ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,columbus1 ,o4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,beegle ,b4 ,,miffl9 ,,hood ,beav] ,clay ,manufactur+ ,company ,legg ,brick ,company ,new ,galilee1 ,pa4 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,beld5 ,g4 ,b4 ,,luckett ,! ,beld5 ,brick ,company ,craw=dsville ,%ale ,brick ,co4 ,canton1 ,o4 ,craw=dsville1 ,ind4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,black ,s4 ,c4 ,,m>t9 ,jewettville ,clay ,products ,company ,kittann+ ,brick ,fire ,clay ,co4 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,bre*t ,d4 ,h4 ,,mill] ,boone ,brick1 ,tile ,pav+ ,company ,milton ,brick ,company ,boone1 ,ia4 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,butt]wor? ,j4 ,w4 ,,m\ld+ ,we/]n ,brick ,company ,?omas ,m\ld+ ,brick ,company ,danville1 ,ill4 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,*as4 ,c4 ,,/ratton ,alum9a ,%ale ,brick ,company ,brad=d1 ,pa4 ,illu/ration ,memb]s4 ,,alabama ,alphons ,cu/odis ,*imney ,con/4 ,co4 ,ragl& ,birm+ham ,clay ,products ,co4 ,birm+ham ,/eph5son1 ,l4 ,l4 ,lovick ,,arkansas ,=t ,smi? ,brick ,co4 ,=t ,smi? ,,georgia ,legg ,brick ,co4 ,atlanta ,,idaho ,burley ,brick ,s& ,co4 ,burley ,idaho ,press$ ,brick ,co4 ,pocatello ,,ill9ois ,acme ,brick ,co4 ,danville ,alton ,brick ,co4 ,alton ,b>r ,clay ,co4 ,/reator ,decatur ,brick ,manufactur+ ,co4 ,decatur ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,*icago ,lacon ,clay ,coal ,co4 ,lacon ,peoria ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,peoria ,ri*>ds ,brick ,co4 ,edw>dsville ,s\!rn ,fire ,brick ,clay ,co4 ,*icago ,/reator ,brick ,co4 ,/reator ,we/]n ,brick ,co4 ,danville ,,i[a ,boone ,brick1 ,tile ,pav+ ,co4 ,des ,mo9es ,des ,mo9es ,clay ,co4 ,des ,mo9es ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,dav5port ,,indiana ,adams ,clay ,products ,co4 ,m>t9sville ,brazil ,clay ,co4 ,brazil ,brooklyn ,brick ,co4 ,indianapolis ,craw=dsville ,%ale ,brick ,co4 ,craw=dsville ,hunt+burg ,press ,brick ,co4 ,hunt+burg ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,indianapolis ,po/on ,pav+ ,brick ,co4 ,craw=dsville ,/&>d ,brick ,co4 ,craw=dsville ,/&>d ,brick ,manufactur+ ,co4 ,evansville ,u4 ,s4 ,brick ,co4 ,tell ,city ,,kansas ,*]ryvale ,brick ,co4 ,*]ryvale ,c(feyville ,vit4 ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,c(feyville ,v4 ,v4 ,v4 ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,neode%a ,,k5tucky ,coral ,ridge ,clay ,products ,co4 ,l\isville ,sph> ,brick ,co4 ,maysville ,,mi*igan ,briggs ,company1 ,! ,lans+ ,,m9nesota ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,m9neapolis ,tw9 ,city ,brick ,co4 ,/4 ,paul ,,mississippi ,brookhav5 ,press$ ,brick ,mfg4 ,co4 ,brookhav5 ,,miss\ri ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,kansas ,city ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,/4 ,l\is ,kansas ,buff ,brick ,mfg4 ,co4 ,kansas ,city ,,new ,,j]sey ,krantz ,company1 ,a4 ,m4 ,pat]son ,upp] ,kittann+ ,brick ,co4 ,j]sey ,city ,,new ,,york ,jewettville ,clay ,products ,co4 ,buffalo ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,/atesville ,brick ,co4 ,/atesville ,,ohio ,acme ,brick ,co4 ,m>ietta ,alliance ,brick ,co4 ,alliance ,beld5 ,brick ,co4 ,canton ,claycraft ,m9+ ,brick ,co4 ,columbus ,colonial ,press$ ,brick ,co4 ,mogadore ,duro ,brick ,mfg4 ,co4 ,akron ,ev]h>d ,company1 ,! ,massillon ,frankl9 ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,columbus ,fultonham ,texture ,brick ,co4 ,e4 ,fultonham ,hanov] ,brick ,co4 ,columbus ,hock+ ,valley ,fire ,clay ,co4 ,nelsonville ,hock+ ,valley ,products ,co4 ,columbus ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,clevel& ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,roseville ,ironclay ,brick ,co4 ,columbus ,mc,arthur ,brick ,co4 ,mc,arthur ,m>ietta ,%ale ,brick ,co4 ,m>ietta ,/>k ,brick ,co4 ,canton ,/raitsville ,imp]vi\s ,brick ,co4 ,new ,/raitsville ,toronto ,fire ,clay ,co4 ,toronto ,web/] ,brick ,co4 ,*illico! ,,oklahoma ,muskogee ,vitrifi$ ,brick ,co4 ,muskogee ,pa:uska ,vit4 ,brick ,si ,tile ,co4 ,pa:uska ,,p5nsylvania ,alum9a ,%ale ,brick ,co4 ,brad=d ,auburn ,%ale ,brick ,co4 ,auburn ,bloomsburg ,brick ,co4 ,bloomsburg ,beav] ,clay ,mfg4 ,co4 ,new ,galilee ,brad=d ,press$ ,brick ,co4 ,brad=d ,d>l+ton ,brick ,m9+ ,co4 ,d>l+ton ,d>l+ton ,clay ,products ,co4 ,d>l+ton ,fall/on ,fire ,clay ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,f]ro ,brick ,co4 ,watsont[n ,glon+] ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,du ,bois ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,philadelphia ,kane ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,/4 ,m>ys ,key/one ,clay ,products ,co4 ,gre5sburg ,kittann+ ,brick ,fire ,clay ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,kittann+ ,clay ,mfg4 ,co4 ,kittann+ ,kittann+ ,clay ,products ,co4 ,brad=d ,ku%equa ,brick ,co4 ,ku%equa ,latrobe ,brick ,co4 ,latrobe ,mill ,hall ,brick ,works ,lock ,hav5 ,milton ,brick ,co4 ,milton ,p5n ,brick ,corporation ,brad=d ,pittsburgh-,call]y ,brick ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,ridgway ,brick ,co4 ,watsont[n ,ro*e/] ,clay ,products ,co4 ,ro*e/] ,/uempfle's ,sons1 ,david ,williamsport ,vanport ,brick ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,walk] ,brick ,co41 ,hay ,pittsburgh ,walk]s ,mills ,/one ,brick ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,watsont[n ,brick ,co4 ,watsont[n ,williamsgrove ,brick ,co4 ,bigl] ,wynn ,/>r ,co4 ,traf=d ,y+l+-,m>t9 ,brick ,co4 ,pittsburgh ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,sumt] ,brick ,works ,sumt] ,,t5nessee ,bu% ,company1 ,w4 ,g4 ,na%ville ,dixie ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,purye> ,key-,james ,brick ,co4 ,alton ,p>k ,,texas ,acme ,brick ,co4 ,=t ,wor? ,elg9-,butl] ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,au/9 ,elg9-,/&>d ,brick ,mfg4 ,co4 ,elg9 ,,utah ,a%ton ,fire ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,ogd5 ,ogd5 ,press$ ,brick ,tile ,co4 ,ogd5 ,salt ,lake ,press$ ,brick ,co4 ,salt ,lake ,city ,utah ,fire ,clay ,co4 ,salt ,lake ,city ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,hydraulic-,press ,brick ,co4 ,wa%+ton ,g4 ,c4 ,m>s1 ,director ( ,s]vice ,dep>tm5t ,a,f,b,a ,,use ,,face ,,brick --x ,pays 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,notes ,images 7 relocat$ s z to n split p>agraphs4 ,s9ce ! floor plan images h ! same caption z ! ar*itects' p]spective r5d]+s1 ! caption 0 replac$ ) ,floor ,plan4