,,transcrib]',s ,,note      ,italic text
 is d5ot$ by und]scores4      ,! orig9al
 text us$ ! "*  7long-=m s72 ^! h be5   
replac$ by ! normal s 9 ?is etext4      
,a few obvi\s typographical errors &    
punctuation errors h be5    correct$    
aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces  
)9    ! text & consultation ( ext]nal   
s\rces4      ,all misspell+s 9 ! text1 &
 inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1    h be5   
reta9$4                                 
,,exam9ation                            
,,(                            ,! ,rev4 
,mr4 ,,h>ris's                          
,,scriptural ,,rese>*es                 
,,on                      ,! ,licitness 
( ! ,slave-,trade4                      
,by ! ,rev4 ,,james ,,ramsay4           
,,london3                   ,pr9t$ by   
,,james ,,phillips1 ,george-,y>d1       
,lomb>d-,/reet4                         
,m4,,dcc4,,lxxxviii4                    
,,adv]tisem5t4      ,! foll[+           
,exam9ation 0 drawn up 9 ! c\ntry1 f a  
casual  p]usal ( ,mr4 ,h>ris's          

,scriptural ,rese>*es1 ) a view (  putt+
 !m into ! h&s ( any p]son1 :o might be 
employ$ 9  answ]+ t v extraord9>y "w4 ,b
 on com+ up to t[n1  & und]/&+ t ,mr4   
,h>ris's reason+ _h produc$ effects  on 
c]ta9 p1 :o _h n /udi$ ! scriptures1 or 
att5d$  to t _s ( fre$om1 :i* runs      
?r\gh\t ! ,old & ,new  ,te/am5t1 & :o   
hi!rto _h suff]$ !mselves to be         
reluctantly  dragg$ along by ! pres5t   
prevail+ en?usiasm 9 fav\r (  fre$om1 b 
n[ eag]ly seiz$ on a pret5ce = ab&on+ ! 
cause1 x has be5 judg$ prop] to give x  
at once to ! publick4  ,mr4 ,h>ris      
affects to proce$ ma!matically 9 !      
treatm5t (  8 subject1 & !re=e e/abli%es
 c]ta9 data4 ,i _h ?\ght  x suffici5t to
 contradict _! p>ticul> application1 9  
my  exam9ation ( ! subject2 b o!rs ?9k+ 
x necess>y to take  m direct notice (   
!m1 ,i h subjo9$ ! foll[+ %ort          
obs]vations4    ,dat4 #a1 #b4 8,!       
scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t are 
( equal  au?ority1 & conta9 ! un]r+     
decisions ( ! ^w ( ,god40               

,obs]vation4 ,c]ta9ly3 b x w n be       
disput$1 t !re are  _m ?+s1 n inde$     
des]v+ ! "n ( decisions1 b t  pass )\t  
c5sure1 & are seem+ly all[$ !re1 :i* we 
"k  to be =bidd5 to u1 & :i* w n apply  
to ! improv$ /ate  ( mank9d4 ,laws mu/  
be adapt$1 n only to ! /ate ( society1  
b to ! pres5t /ate ( ! improvem5t ( !   
human m9d1 :i*  we "k has be5 gradually 
advanc+ f ! e>lie/ ages4    ,dat4 #c1   
#d4 8,x is crim9al to refuse ass5t to   
:at ! scriptures  decide to be          
intr9sically good or bad40    ,obs]4    
,suppose ?is4 ,yet may we n inquire if a
 ?+ or practice  be really s decl>$1 &  
if x conc]ns our salvation1 to =m  a    
decid$ op9ion on x8 ,are we n liable to 
mi/ake practices1  aris+ out (          
circum/ances connect$ ) ! fir/ =mation (
  society1 & !re=e n positively c5sur$1 
= su* decisions  ( intr9sical goodness8 
,?us ! eat+ ( sw9es fle% 0 all[$  be=e !
 promulgation ( ! law ( ,moses2 t law   
/rictly =bad  x2 ! ,*ri/ian law all[s x 
aga9 z at ! beg9n+3 or1 !  ,jews 7 alone

 re/ra9$ f ! use ( x2 :ile !y cont9u$   
"u a p>ticul> conomy1 & _! transgression
 ( ?is law 0  only a crime1 because x 0 
enjo9$ !m2 n because x 0 9  itself a ?+ 
unlawful1 z murd]1 adult]y1 & ! l4      
,dat4 #e1 #f4 8,e scriptural decision1  
h[ev] incompreh5sible1 mu/  be ass5t$ to
 z a decl>ation ( ! ^w ( ,god40 ,we mu/ 
consid]  ! circum/ances "u :i* t        
decision is made2 h[ f> x is  agreeable 
to our b5evol5t religion1 & h[ f> x is  
applicable  to our conduct1 be=e we     
imitate x4 ,! drunk5 ince/ ( ,lot is  n 
c5sur$4 ,x 0 ! means ( produc+ two      
mighty nations2 f  :i*1 accord+ to !    
au?or's mann] ( reason+1 he ought to    
conclude x 0 approv$ (2 yet ,i suppose  
he w n recomm5d !  imitation to any     
p]son 9 ^! days4    ,dat4 #g4 8,!       
slave-trade mu/ be believ$ to be        
intr9sically j  & lawful1 if !          
scriptures give a sanction to x40       
,suppose !  slave-trade to h ?is        
sanction 7:i* yet is n true7 unless !   
au?or c %ew h[ x c be c>ri$ on )\t      

infr++ on our  ,savi\r's gold5 rule1 (  
do+ z we w\ld be done by2 unless he  c  
in/ruct u h[ we c g to ! coa/ ( ,africa1
 & by e  fraudul5t1 viol5t1 oppressive  
me?od1 rob1 murd]1 & enslave  innoc5t p 
)\t a crime2 !n are we to keep our      
practice1 if  n our op9ion1 susp5d$4    
,dat4 #h4 8,no abuse ( a lawful pursuit1
 c make t pursuit  crim9al40 ,x is      
lawful = a man to provide = 8 family2 b 
n  to rob & murd] on ! highway "u su* a 
pret5ce4 ,:5ev] a  man's indu/ry is     
connect$ ) su* practices1 ! actual      
ex]tion  ( x is a crime 9 him1 ?\gh to  
provide = 8 family 9 an  hone/ way w\ld 
be laudable4 ,t !re is an unlawful      
slav]y  notic$ 9 ! scriptures1 is cle>1 
f ! puni%m5t t ,ph>aoh  br\ght on       
himself & gypt1 = enslav+ ! ,jews4 ,!   
au?or  %\ld di/+ui%1 & m>k ! diff]5ce   
betwe5 ! slav]y t  7page #da7 is almo/  
comm&$1 & t :i* br+s d[n div9e  judgm5ts
 on ! oppressor1 & %ew t 8 patrons (    
,lev]pool  practise only ! fir/4        
,dat4 #i4 8,no private or publick       

advantage w ev] ju/ify !  slave-trade1  
till x be prov$ ess5tially j & lawful 9 
its nature40 ,"h we are s9c]ely agre$2 &
 accord+ to !  di/9ction propos$ = datum
 #h1 he has only to set he>tily to  "w1 
& prove ! ,lev]pool slave-trade to be t 
p>ticul> sort  ( slave-trade1 8:i* ,god 
ha? comm&$ z be+ ess5tially j  & lawful 
9 its nature40    ,dat4 #aj4 8,no       
argum5t drawn f abuse1 c prove !        
intr9sic  de=mity ( ! slave-trade1      
unless x be prov$ ess5tially  unju/40   
,^! are words )\t mean+4 ,we are n      
combat+ an  ideal slav]y2 b slav]y      
accompani$ ) robb]y1 oppression1  mis]y1
 murd]4 ,:]ev] we f9d slav]y s att5d$1 x
 becomes a  horrid crime1 be x          
intr9sically nev] s j4    ,dat4 #aa4    
8,if abuses committ$ 9 ! prosecution ( a
 lawful pursuit  c be prev5t$1 !n !     
advantages aris+ f x1 ought to  h a     
p[]ful influ5ce aga9/ ! abolition40 ,b  
if ^!  abuses _c possibly be prev5t$ 7= 
are we to oppress &  murd] accord+ to   
law87 !n ! greate/ advantages att5d+ any

  practice mu/ be ab&on$1 till a me?od  
%all be discov]$1 (  sep>at+ !m f       
iniquity & blood-%$4    ,dat4 #ab4 8,if 
! slave-trade is to be aboli%$1 because 
( !  abuses committ$ 9 x1 !n e o!r bran*
 ( trade1 9 :i*  abuses are committ$1   
ought to %>e ! same fate40 ,mo/ c]ta9ly 
9 turn1 9 proportion to ! atroci\sness (
 ea*4 ,let u once  get ?is />+ mon/]    
subdu$1 & we w be oblig$ to !  au?or =  
po9t+ out any o!r iniquit\s traffick t  
des]ves  to foll[ imm$iately 9 ! tra9 ( 
! ,lev]pool slave-trade4  ,!            
fallaci\sness ( ?is au?or's reason+1 is 
exce$+ly well  expos$1 9 ! ,critical    
,review ( ,april1 #aghh1 to :i* ,i ref] 
!  read]4    ,f ?is view ( ! au?or's    
data1 x w appe>1 t he has  totally      
conf\nd$ times & circum/ances4 ,! law ( 
,moses 0  enact$ 9 aid ( natural        
religion1 till ! p]fect religion (      
,*ri/ %\ld be giv5 to ! _w4 ,! doctr9es 
( ?is la/1  enjo9 u to consid] & treat  
all m5 z our bre?r52 & its  effect 0    
gradually to take away all bur!nsome    

c]emonies1 all  oppressive di/9ctions4  
,:y are we !n s5t back to less p]fect   
in/itutions = ! rule ( our practice8 ,we
 are to g on to  p]fection1 ref9e       
s5tim5t1 & ext5d b5evol5ce4 ,:at has    
rais$  ,europe above ! re/ ( ! _w1 b !  
abolition ( dome/ick  slav]y8 ,:at      
degrees ( opul5ce & prosp]ity might x   
acquire1  if ! abom9able1 contract$1    
bran* ( trade 9 ! bodies (  our fell[   
creatures ( ,africa1 7 *ang$ to a fair1 
equitable  int]c\rse ( productions &    
manufactures6                           
,j4 ,r4          ,,exam9ation1 c4       
,?is g5tleman pr(esses to treat !       
subject s]i\sly1 & to  submit 8 op9ion  
to ! decisions ( reveal$ religion4 ,no  
man has  a "r to dispute 8 s9c]ity1 z f>
 z 8 own way ( ?9k+  is conc]n$2 b few  
s]i\s p w p]use 8 extraord9>y           
positions1 )\t hav+ _! rev]5ce = _!     
,creator %ock$1  & _! b5evol5ce to _!   
bro!r affect$4 ,! ,scriptures1  f :i* he
 draws 8 conclusions1 we believe to     
tea*1 t all  m5 are equally de> to _!   

,creator1 & t we owe love & good  (fices
 to ea* o!r4 ,b if 8 d$uctions be fairly
 made1 we mu/  no long] ent]ta9 ?is     
op9ion2 = "o "p ( mank9d is to  be      
kidnapp$1 evil intreat$1 oppress$1      
murd]$1 to indulge !  av>ice ( ano!r2 &1
 page #gf1 ,corol4 #c;d4 8,he do? n     
believe !  ,scriptures1 :o is n p]suad$ 
t ?is doctr9e is taught !re40    ,b !   
au?or /umbles at ! v ?re%old4 ,our      
,savi\r 7,john v4  #ci47 bids ! ,jews to
 se>* ! scriptures2 8= 9 !m ye ?9k  ye h
 et]nal life2 = !y are !y :i* te/ify (  
me10 !  ,savi\r come to free m5 f !     
bondage ( s91 into ! glori\s  privilege 
( ! sons ( ,god4 ,b x seems some?+ else 
is meant4  ,we are to se>* ! scriptures 
7see title page7 = a commission  to     
,lev]pool capta9s = fitt+ out %ips1 &   
load+ !m )  p[d]1 %ot1 & cutlasses1 to  
set ! ,africans on to assault1  kidnap1 
& enslave ea* o!r2 to be transf]r$ ov]  
to !m2 to  be murd]$ by bad air1 ?ir/1 &
 fam9e1 9 ! passage to !  ,we/-,indies2 
:]e ! poor rema9s are to be set to h>d  

lab\r1  )\t food1 )\t cloa?+1 )\t re/1  
suffici5t to support  nature4    ,x is  
true 7preface1 page #e47 he1 ) all ! o!r
 advocates =  slav]y1 decl>es himself   
8an enemy to inju/ice & oppression40  ,b
 ! design ( 8 book is to %ew1 t !       
ill-treatm5t (  slaves is n an object ( 
div9e animadv]sion2 = 7p4 #af47 ,s>ah  0
 p]mitt$ )\t c5sure1 8to use cruel      
oppressive treatm5t  to ,hag>20 & 7p4   
#bf47 ,joseph is approv$ ( by ,god = !  
cruel mann] 9 :i* he enslav$ & ex*ang$ !
 abodes ( !  ,egyptians4 ,:i* ( ^! is to
 be believ$2 8 g5]al ass]tion1  or 8    
p>ticul> application8 ,or may we        
conclude1 t he res]ves  to himself !    
feel+s ( humanity1 & sells tyranny &    
oppression  to 8 fri5ds ( ,lev]pool4    
,9 ! scriptures s]vants are frequ5tly   
m5tion$2 b1 9 ?is  diss]tation1 !y are  
trans=m$ into 8slave trade40 ,! places1 
:]e traffick 9 slaves is relat$1 are    
,joseph's bre?r5 7,g54  xxxvii47 sell+  
him to ! ,i%maelites1 :o sell him to    
,potiph>2  ! ,tyrians 7,ezek4 xxvii4    

#ac47 :o _h a m>ket = ! p]sons (  m52 & 
,babylon1 ! "m ( abom9ations1 7,rev4    
xviii4 #ac47  :o expos$ to sale1 slaves 
& s\ls ( m54 ,i hope none ( ^!  in/ances
 are propos$ to ! imitation ( ! 8anci5t 
& loyal  t[n ( ,lev]pool20 = a black m>k
 is set on !m to prev5t !m  f be+       
foll[$4    ,n[ !re is "s diff]5ce betwe5
 deal+ 9 slaves z a bran* (  trade1 &   
buy+ ! s]vice ( a dome/ic2 ev5 z x is n 
e  man :o eats meat1 t is or c\ld act ! 
"p ( a but*]4 ,9 !  case ( ! ,jews !re 0
 some?+ p>ticul>4 ,!y 7 oblig$ to  admit
 _! slaves to all ! national privileges1
 to circumcision1  ! passov]1 & o!r     
solemn fea/s1 & to in/ruct !m 9 !  true 
religion 7,g54 xvii4 #ac4 ,exod4 xii4   
#dd4 ,deut4 xvi4 #aa4 & xxxi4  #ab4     
,jo%4 viii4 #ce47 ,9 buy+ !m f ! ,hea!n 
ar\nd !m1  !y recov]$ !m f idolatry2 !y 
gave !m a weekly sabba?4  ,9 _! treatm5t
 !y 7 comm&$ to rememb]1 t !y  !mselves 
_h be5 slaves 9 ,egypt4 ,:5 !y are      
?reat5$ =  _! s9s1 ! ill treatm5t ( _!  
slaves makes a capital "p  ( ! *>ge     

aga9/ !m4 ,b mod]n ma/]s ?9k t no?+ (   
?is sort conc]ns !m4    ,! ,jews 7      
int5d$ to communicate to ! _w ! k (  !  
true religion4 ,he :o br+s good out (   
evil made use ( !  slav]y1 9 practice1  
to ext5d ?is k to p]sons1 :om x  c\ld n 
at t "t h o!rwise rea*$4 ,b no?+ 9 !    
bible c\nt5ances a trade 9 slaves4 ,ev5 
! transf]r+ !m 9  ord9>y cases is *eck$ 
z 9 t ( wives & concub9es 7,exod4  xxi4 
#aa47 ,_! ill treatm5t 0 gu>d$ aga9/1 by
 t law :i*  gave !m fre$om if _! ma/] _h
 /ruck out a s+le too?4    ,inde$1 among
 ! ,jews1 ! numb] ( slaves mu/ h be5    
small4  ,!y 7 num]\s 9 a n>r[ t]ritory1 
& 7 9 g5]al  husb&-m51 & us$ pl\ghs &   
o!r in/rum5ts ( agriculture1  & wr\ght 9
 ! field ) _! s]vants4 ,ziba1 :o appe>s 
to  h be5 /ew>d to ! h\se ( ,saul1 _h   
only tw5ty s]vants  to assi/ him & 8    
sons 9 cultivat+ ! l&s belong+ to  !    
family4 ,! ,jews on _! return f         
captivity _h only "o  s]vant to six     
p]sons1 or "o 9 ea* family4 ,! remnant (
 !  ,gibeonites1 :o s]v$ ! temple1 0 !n 

#cib4 ,x is n !re=e  fair to consid] e  
accid5tal possession ( a s]vant1 ei!r  z
 an in/ance1 or z a v9dication ( !      
,lev]pool 8slave trade20  ( :i* no      
anci5t nation c\ld ev] =m an idea4 ,we  
may r  conclude1 t ?\gh ! ,jews 7       
p]mitt$ to buy slaves f !  ,hea!n1 !y   
did n traffick 9 !m2 & =cibly to enslave
 _!  bre?r5 0 dea?4 7,see ,exod4 xxi4   
#af4 ,deut4 xxiv4 #g47    ,( ,mr4       
,h>ris's data z g5]al propositions1 ,i  
%all say little  m2 ! application alone 
is :at ! pres5t subject is conc]n$  94  
,i %all only sugge/ an additional datum1
 z necess>y to  complete 8 pr9ciples (  
reason+4    ,dat4 #ac4 ,if ! slave      
trade1 ?\gh 8intr9sically licit10 _c  n[
 be c>ri$ on1 )\t break+ ?r\gh e human &
 div9e  law1 )\t *eat+1 viol5ce1        
oppression1 murd]1 !n mu/ x be  laid    
aside1 till we %all h discov]$ a way (  
c>ry+ x on1  agreeably to ! doctr9es ( !
 gospel1 by :i* we are enjo9$ to        
consid] all m5 z our bre?r51 & to deal  
by !m z we wi% !m  to deal by u4        

,page #af4 ,speak+ ( ,abraham's possess+
 ( s]vants1 he calls x1  8a positive    
approbation1 a sanction ( div9e au?ority
 9 fav\r  ( ! slave-trade40 ,:at a *ange
 is put on ! ,read]6 ,abraham  possess$ 
s]vants2 !re=e ! ,lev]pool slave-trade  
has a  div9e sanction4 ,= if ?is be n   
meant1 no?+ is meant4 ,8  book is       
publi%$ to v9dicate ?is trade2 x is     
d$icat$ to !  corporation1 :o mu/ s     
und]/& x4 ,n[ let a man only read ,mr4  
,newton or ,mr4 ,falconbridge's1 or any 
o!r eye-witness's acc\nt (  ?is trade1 &
 :at horrid impiety mu/ ( necessity be  
und]/ood6  ,is !re 8a div9e sanction0 = 
all ! iniquity accompany+ ?is  v        
diabolical bus9ess1 ! kidnapp+1 *a9+1   
murd]+1  suffocat+ ( millions ( unhappy 
fell[ creatures8 ,are su*  ?+s n b>ely  
p]mitt$1 b 7p4 #db47 approv$1 enc\rag$1 
&  seem+ly enjo9$8    ,abraham 0 a ri*1 
p[]ful1 pr9ce4 ,z he travell$ ?r\gh     
v>i\s  c\ntries1 numb]s mu/ h be5       
desir\s ( atta*+ !mselves  to 8 =tune1 &
 h (f]$ !mselves = 8 att5dants4 ,8      

humanity might h induc$ him to pur*ase  
*ildr5 f unnatural  p>5ts1 or captives f
 robb]s4 ,b all 9 8 family 7 9 a        
situation v diff]5t f t ( ,we/ ,indian  
slaves4 ,we le>n1  t on ! supposition ( 
8 dy+ *ildless1 he int5d$ "o (  !m = 8  
heir2 t he intru/$ a s]vant to *use a   
wife =  8 son ,isaac2 t he put arms 9 8 
s]vants h&s1 & l$ !m  out to battle4    
,!re is no?+ ( ,we/ ,indian slav]y 9 all
 ?is4    ,b a p>ticul> /ress is laid on 
! /ory ( ,hag>1 & ,s>ah's  ill treatm5t 
( h]4 ,page #ai4 8,%e obta9$ no         
fav\rable s5t5ce  f ! ,div9e ,tribunal =
 leav+ h] mi/ress1 nor 0 ,s>ah  c5sur$ =
 h] sev]ity40 ,s>ah 0 n pres5t :5 !     
angel  appe>$ unto ,hag>1 !re=e %e is   
nei!r prais$ nor condemn$4  ,b t ,hag>  
believ$ %e _h a fav\rable s5t5ce1 & t   
h] conduct 0 n condemn$1 :5 assur$ t !  
,"l _h se5  h] affliction1 :i* is !     
scripture phrase = deliv]ance 7,g54     
xxix4 #cb4 & xxxi4 #db4 ,exod4 iii4     
#g471 & t %e %\ld h  a son1 & t h] se$  
%\ld be multipli$1 appe>s f h]          

ackn[l$gm5t ( ! vision1 & return+ to h] 
mi/ress4 ,nor c  we imag9e 9 :at m      
flatt]+ mann] h] affliction c\ld h  be5 
recomp5s$1 or h[ %e c\ld h be5 afflict$ 
s z to h  des]v$ a recomp5ce1 & h]      
mi/ress n to h be5 9 fault4 ,x  0       
necess>y = h] to return to h] mi/ress1 t
 h] son might  p>take ( ! sign ( !      
cov5ant1 & be in/ruct$ 9 ! true         
religion4    ,hag>'s case 7p4 #ai47 is  
comp>$ ) an ,african female slave  9 !  
,we/ ,indies4 ,no?+ c be m opposite4    
,josephus says1  ,ph>aoh made ,abraham a
 pres5t ( money2 & ! scriptures say1  t 
he intreat$ ,abraham well = ,s>ah's     
sake1 add+ imm$iately1  he _h cattle1 & 
m5 s]vants1 & maid s]vants1 z if ,ph>aoh
  _h pres5t$ !m2 among :om ,hag> might h
 be5 "o2 or1 z x  appe>s %e 0 a wor%ipp]
 ( ! true ,god1 %e might volunt>ily  h  
ent]$ into ,s>ah's s]vice4 ,c]ta9ly %e  
_h nev] be5  coop$ up 9 a ,gu9ea trad]1 
nor set to plant ! sug>-cane2 nor  0 %e 
ord]$ to return & submit h]self = h]    
mi/ress's  pr(it1 b = h] own & h] son's 

sake2 & :5 t purpose 0  answ]$ %e 0     
dismiss$4    ,!re is !re=e no f\ndation 
= ! au?or's d$uction1 p4 #bj4  t 8a     
div9e voice decl>es h] to be h] ma/]'s  
indisputable  prop]ty1 & ! orig9al b>ga9
 to be j & lawful 9 its  nature2 & t !  
7,lev]pool7 slave-trade1 ev5 att5d$ )   
circum/ances n con=mable to ! feel+s (  
humanity1 is  ess5tially confid5t ) !   
rights ( ju/ice1 & has !  positive      
sanction ( ,god = its support1 h[ev]    
displeas+ ^!  circum/ances may be to 8  
fa!rly provid5ce40 ,let any man make    
s5se ( ?is :o c4 ,i und]/& only !       
extreme boldness ( !  expression4 ,"h is
 a "r to enslave & an approbation1 &    
also  a c5sure ( ! ex]cise ( ?is "r4 ,"h
 our natural notions (  b5evol5ce are   
set 9 opposition to revelation1 p4 #db4 
,revelation  comm&s u to enslave our    
bre?r51 ev5 aga9/ ! sugge/ions  ( !     
feel+s ( humanity4 ,surely ! writ] %\ld 
%ew ! high  purposes answ]$ by slav]y1  
to ga9 :i* x is an act ( piety to       
violate our b5evol5t feel+s4    ,we come

 n[ to ! /ory ( ,joseph1 :i*1 p4 #bc1   
8asc]ta9s  ! inh]5t lawfulness ( !0     
7,lev]pool7 8slave-trade40 ,!  fir/ ?+ t
 /rikes u 9 8 acc\nt is1 8 illu/rat+  8 
doctr9e by ,joseph's political          
arrangem5ts ( ! k+dom (  ,egypt1 r ?an  
by ,joseph's own /ory2 :i*1 except 9 !  
horrid circum/ances ( ! middle passage1 
agrees entirely ) !  ,lev]pool          
slave-trade4 ,joseph is f\nd at a       
di/ance f protection4  ,8 enemies kidnap
 him & sell him to slave-brok]s1 :o c>ry
 him  into ,egypt1 & dispose ( him z an 
article ( comm]ce to ,potiph>4  ,8      
kidnapp]s saw1 & l ,gu9ea capta9s       
disreg>d$1 ! angui%  ( 8 s\l4 ,x is     
true1 aft]w>ds1 :5 !y believ$ !mselves  
9 dang] ( be+ enslav$ 9 turn1 !y upbraid
 ea* o!r )  _! unfeel+ cruelty1 & *>ge  
_! di/ress to its acc\nt4  ,b ?is 0 only
 because ,scriptural ,rese>*es _h n !n  
be5  publi%$3 = !y1 p4 #bj1 w\ld h      
prov$1 t 8?\gh !  action 0 n altoge!r   
con=mable to ! feel+s ( humanity1  & 0  
ev5 displeas+ to 8 ,fa!rly ,provid5ce2 &

 ?\gh  d\btless ,god w\ld see1 & (      
consequ5ce recomp5se1 ,joseph =  8      
affliction z he _h ,hag>2 yet ?is /roke 
9 ! slave-trade is  ess5tially consi/5t 
) ! unali5able rights ( ju/ice2 has  !  
positive sanction ( ,god 9 its support1 
nay1 8 approbation1 p4  #af1 & p4 #db1  
ev5 8 comm&40    ,b let u exam9e        
,joseph's managem5t ( ! ,egyptians1 n z 
?is  au?or1 b z ! scriptures repres5t x4
 ,9 ! ye>s ( pl5ty  ,joseph /or$ !      
extraord9>y produce ( ea* di/rict 9 !   
neighb\r+ cities4 ,"o t5? "p belong$ (  
"r to ! k+2  ! re/ he pur*as$ at a l[   
price ) ! k+'s treasures4 ,9  ! ye>s (  
fam9e he sold ! corn out to !           
inhabitants ( !  di/ricts ne>e/ to 8    
respective /ore-h\ses at an advanc$     
price1 & accumulat$ ! money1 cattle1 &  
moveables ( ! :ole  k+dom1 & at la/ made
 a b>ga9 = _! l&s & p]sons4 ,x  is n to 
be suppos$ t any prop]ty1 except money1 
0 tak5  out ( ! orig9al possessors h&s2 
= ?is w\ld h answ]$  no purpose1 b to   
di/ress ! p & emb>rass gov]nm5t4        

,inde$1 :]e c\ld ! :ole cattle &        
moveables ( ! k+dom  h be5 /or$8 ,:5 !  
sev5 ye>s ( fam9e 7 end$1 ,ph>aoh  0 !  
sole proprietor4 ,joseph !n gives !     
inhabitants a *>t]1  re/ores !m _! l&s &
 cattle1 on condition ( pay+ to  ,ph>aoh
 a second t5? ( ! produce ( ! l&1 :i*   
made _!  contributions to ! rev5ue a    
fif? "p ( _! crops4 ,x appe>s  no o!r   
badge or burd5 ( slav]y 0 impos$1 except
 ?is r5t1  :i* 0 a t5? "p m ?an !y _h   
=m]ly paid4    ,! common r5t ( ! b>e l& 
9 ,engl& is e/imat$ at "o-?ird  ( !     
produce1 & ! f>m] mu/ supply himself )  
/ock1 except  p]haps build+s1 & also    
contribute l>gely 9 a v>iety ( ways  to 
! publick rev5ues3 b by ,joseph's       
regulation ! ,egyptian  f>m] paid only a
 fif? "p = ! use ( 8 /ock & l&1 &  = !  
support ( gov]nm5t4 ,aft] hav+ transf]r$
 !mselves  & prop]ty to ,ph>aoh1 !y c\ld
 n h be5 fre$ on easi]  t]ms3 & z we (t5
 see1 t he :o hires a f>m1 gr[s ri* on a
  possession on :i* ! own] _h be5 ru9$1 
probably ! ,egyptians  became z happy "u

 _! new t5ure z !y _h be5 "u _!  old4 ,9
 ! mo/ unfav\rable light1 x may be      
comp>$ ) !  *ange t took place at !     
conque/1 :5 free t5ures became  feudal1 
*>g$ ) c]ta9 s]vices4    ,our           
translation1 ,g54 xlvii4 #bj1 #ba4 says1
 8,s ! l& became  ,ph>aoh's2 & z = ! p1 
he remov$ !m to cities f  "o end ( !    
bord]s ( ,egypt1 ev5 to ! o!r end !re(40
  ,9 ! ,septuag9t x is1 8& ! l& became  
,ph>aoh's1 & he  subject$ ! p to be     
s]vants to him f "o end ( ,egypt to  !  
o!r40 ,x is to ! same purport 9 !       
,sam>itan copy4 ,?is  reads bett]1 & is 
m probable1 ?an t ,joseph %\ld h  made !
 :ole nation1 z ,mr4 ,h>ris affirms1    
*ange settlem5ts 9  su* a mann] z if ! p
 ( ,k5t 7 s5t to ! ,orkneys1 &  ^? ( !  
,orkneys 7 br\ght to ,k5t4 ,?is w\ld be 
su* a  trifl+ ) peoples lives & feel+s1 
su* a wa/e ( prop]ty1  su* a p]v]sion ( 
all exp]i5ce1 & p>ticul> k ( !          
agriculture prop] 9 ea* di/rict1 z is   
only applicable to !  ,lev]pool         
slave-trade2 b _c1 on su* slight gr\nds 

z ?is  g5]al expression is1 be imag9$ 9 
a man ( ,joseph's "*1  ) a pret5d$ view 
to prev5t rebellion4 ,or ! expression 9 
our translation may be>1 t ! p 7        
di/ribut$ s z to  be ne> ! respective   
/ore-h\ses1 on :i* _! ma9t5ance 0       
assign$4    ,!re=e 8! *ange made1 p4    
#be1 #bf1 9 ! happy condition (  !      
gyptians1 ! transportation ( #g or #h   
millions ( e  age1 sex1 condition1 rank2
 infants1 *ildr51 decrepit1 infirm1     
delicate1 ?r\gh ! scor*+ s&s ( a p>*$ up
 c\ntry10  is ! m]e fiction (           
imag9ation1 to palliate ! /ill m  %ock+ 
conduct ( ! writ]'s patrons ( ,lev]pool4
 ,! gyptians  (f]$ !mselves = s]vants1  
to save !mselves f />v+4  ,8 patrons =ce
 ! ,africans to be slaves1 n z he says1 
f  8a /ate ( absolute indig5ce10 b r$uc$
 f pl5ty & ease  to fam9e1 nak$ness1 &  
want1 by /ripes1 fett]s1 cruelty &      
oppression4    ,page #bh4 ,x is said1   
8,joseph1 :5 able to relieve !m1 took   
advantage ( ! extreme indig5ce ( !      
gyptians1 to r$uce !m  into ! condition 

( slaves1 & 9 ?is act$ by ! imm$iate    
direction ( ,god1 :o made ?is "w to     
prosp]40 ,suppos+ all ?is  true1 yet !re
 is no?+ common betwe5 ?is transaction &
 !  ,lev]pool ,african comm]ce2 b !     
au?or's hav+ giv5 !m "o  common "n1     
8slave-trade40 ,! gyptians1 aft] a fair 
transf] (  !mselves & goods1 are left 9 
full possession ( _! l&s &  prop]ty1 on 
pay+ su* a r5t z w\ld act z a spur to   
indu/ry1  :ile x *eck$ t luxury :i* !   
au?or describes1 p4 #be1 z  prevail+ 9  
gypt4 ,! ,lev]pool slaves are r$uc$ f   
fre$om to  a base1 helpless1            
unpr(itable1 wret*$ /ate4    ,:5 ?is    
writ]1 p4 #bg1 consid]s ! f\r-fif?s ( ! 
produce  left ) ! gyptian f>m]1 z only  
equival5t to ! keep (  a ,we/-,indian   
slave1 he mu/ raise a blu% on ! sug>    
plant]'s  *eek2 :o will+ly w\ld leave b 
"o fif?1 7! rum7 bo? to  support 8      
plantation /ock1 & ma9ta9 8 slaves4     
,b let ,joseph's conduct be :at ! writ] 
pleases to describe x4  ,he 0 n !       
legislator ( gypt1 b ! m9i/] ( ,ph>aoh1 

&  oblig$ to gov]n himself by ! prevail+
 cu/oms ( ! k+dom4  ,x appe>s1 he ext5d$
 only ! k+'s rev5ues1 & gave him su*  a 
comm& ov] ! prop]ty ( ! p1 z might      
enable him to  arrange ! managem5t ( x  
to ! be/ g5]al advantage4 ,?is  might be
 peculi>ly prop] 9 gypt1 ?\gh n necess>y
 to be  imitat$ "h4 ,its f]tility dep5d$
 on ! equal di/ribution (  ! wat]s ( !  
,nile4 ,x 0 necess>y = ! g5]al b5efit1  
t !re %\ld be an indisput$ p[] to direct
 ! c\rse ( !  v>i\s canals1 :i*         
communicat$ ! wat] to ea* di/rict4 ,:ile
  ! k+ _h an equal int]e/ 9 all1 no     
p>ticul> "p w\ld be  neglect$4 ,joseph  
gives f\r-fif?s ( ! produce1 8= fe$ ( ! 
field1 & = y\r food1 & = !m ( y\r       
h\%olds1 & =  food = y\r little ones40  
,?is conf9es ! peoples %>e to _!  own   
ma9t5ance1 & ! supply ( se$4 ,we are    
left to conclude1  t e exp5se att5d+ !  
di/ribution ( ! riv]1 except  p]haps    
manual lab\r1 0 paid out ( ! k+'s fif?  
"p3 &  z 9 all good gov]nm5ts1 ! int]e/ 
( ! k+ & ! p  is "o1 ,joseph1 by 8      

nom9al pur*ase ( ! p & _!  l&s1 might   
probably h 9 view su* an accession (    
p[]1 z  might enable him to direct !    
:ole to g5]al advantage4 ,aft] !  *>t] 0
 confirm$1 no ill use c\ld be made ( !  
p[]1 &  an ,engli% f>m] w\ld gladly pay 
"o-fif? ( 8 produce to him  :o %\ld /ock
 8 f>m1 & pay 8 r5t1 & all 8 publick &  
p>i% taxes4    ,page #ch4 8,! ,jews are 
n re/ra9$ f pur*as+ _! own  bre?r540 ,! 
,jews 7 comm&$ to treat _! bre?r51 :5   
r$uc$ to a six ye>s s]vitude1 ) l5ity1 z
 hir$ or free  s]vants1 & to s5d !m out 
9 ! sabbatical ye> free1 & n  let !m g  
away empty4 ,! only cases 9 :i* we c    
suppose ,jews  c\ld be made to s]ve1 are
 _! be+ sold = debt1 or _!  pref]r+ !   
s]vice ( a ma/] to lab\r on _! own      
acc\nt4  ,9 ^! cases1 ! laws ( ,moses   
take c>e ( !m1 t !y be  n oppress$1 &1  
besides ! orig9al pur*ase-money ( _!    
s]vices1 to h a recomp5ce :5 ! p]iod is 
f9i%$4    ,x is 9 ?is case ( an ,hebrew 
s]vant1 t we are to look = !  g5u9e     
,mosaic pr9ciples ( slav]y4 ,ev5 "h !   

law expresses  a jeal\sy ( ! ma/]'s     
conduct1 & gu>ds aga9/ ! abuse  ( 8     
au?ority1 re/rict+ x to six ye>s1 &     
prescrib+ !  mann] ( ex]cis+ x4 ,!re=e  
:5 ! ,jews are all[$ to  make p]petual  
slaves ( ! ,hea!n1 we are to consid] x z
 a  p>ticul> disp5sation respect+ _!    
situation among idolat]s1  by :i*1 9 e  
slave1 !y made a proselyte to ! true    
religion2  or l divorces1 an indulg5ce  
to _! h>dness ( he>t1 :i*  0 n !n       
capable ( ! purity & b5evol5ce ( !      
gospel1 by  :i*1 m>riage 0 made         
p]petual1 & all m5 7 to be treat$ z     
bre?r54 ,we c inf] ! doctr9e ( p]petual 
slav]y z little  f its p]mission to !   
,jews1 z we c ! keep+ ( concub9es  f !  
practice ( ,abraham1 or ,david4         
,divorces are p]mitt$ to !  ,jews 9     
simil> expressions ) ! p]mission to hold
 slaves2 yet  our ,savi\r tells u1 x 0 n
 s f ! beg9n+4 ,moses 7,deut4  xvii4    
#ad47 gives directions = ! *oice & duty 
( a k+1 yet  ,samuel tells ! ,jews1 !y  
_h (f5d$ ,god 9 ask+ = a k+4  ,& ?\gh   

,god condesc5d$ to give !m a k+ 9 a     
mann] :i*  m unequivocally %ew$ 8 ass5t1
 ?an t approbation1 sanction  & comm&1  
:i* ! au?or incauti\sly affirms to be   
giv5 to  ! 8slave-trade20 yet ,samuel   
concludes !m to be n ! less  guilty1 =  
p]sev]+ 9 ! reque/4 ,we %\ld be m c>eful
  ?an ?is au?or %ews himself1 h[ we     
apply our ignorant conjectures  to !    
div9e conduct2 z p4 #af1 8,)\t all[+ !  
licitness  ( ! slave-trade1 x is        
impossible to reconcile ! ju/ice (  ,god
 ) 8 own scriptural decisions conc]n+   
its nature20 t  7p4 #cb7 8,god1 )\t a   
gl>+ opposition to ! rights ( 8  ju/ice1
 c\ld n h approv$ ! conduct ( ,joseph 9 
enslav+  ! gyptians1 & inflict$ a la/+  
puni%m5t on ,reub5 = 8  ince/1 if 8     
enslav+ ( ! gyptians _h be5 a crime40   
,^!  expressions w\ld be %ock+ f an     
infidel2 9 :at an horrid  cause do? a   
cl]gyman use !m8    ,! m9ds ( ! ,jews _h
 be5 brok5 & debas$ by ! ,egyptian      
bondage2 ! law 0 giv5 !m z a s*ool-ma/] 
to tra9 !m  up = ! p]fect religion ( !  

gospel4 ,_! conduct 9 !  wild]ness1 _!  
frequ5t rebellions amid/ miracles1 & 9 !
  imm$iate pres5ce ( _! ,div9e ,deliv]]1
 c only be imag9$  by ^? :o h _h        
opportunities ( see+ h[ man is %orn (  8
 wor? by slav]y4 ,only two m5 ( all :o 7
 gr[n up :5  !y came out ( ,egypt1 7    
?\ght des]v+ to ent] into ,canaan4  ,t  
:ole g5]ation mu/ be worn out 9 !       
wild]ness2 & _!  *ildr5 mu/ be tra9$ =  
#dj ye>s be=e !y are p]mitt$ to  take   
possession4 ,_! laws !re=e respect$ !   
h>dness (  _! he>ts1 ?\gh f\nd$ on      
pr9ciples :i* l$ ins5sibly  to          
p]fection4 ,?us :ile ! p]petuity ( !    
s]vitude ( !  ,hea!ns condesc5d$ to !   
h>dness ( _! he>ts1 ! easy  tempor>y    
s]vice ( _! bre?r5 look$ =w>d to !      
gospel  times1 n diff]+1 b 9 be+ = a    
fix$ p]iod1 f mod]n  s]vitude = wages 9 
free /ates4    ,!re=e :5 ?is writ]1 p4  
#ci4 calls ?is latt] s]vice1 8,a  ,slave
 ,trade20 ! mean+ ( ! t]ms is p]v]t$4   
,or let him  r$uce 8 ,lev]pool slave    
trade to ! circum/ances ( a ,jew  s]v+ 8

 bro!r = six ye>s1 & we %all h few      
objections  to br+ aga9/ x4 ,:at he     
calls !re 8sell+ him aga910 0  transf]r+
 8 s]vice to ano!r bro!r 7n an ,hea!n7 =
 !  rema9d] ( ! t]m1 z an appr5tice is  
turn$ ov] to a second  ma/]4    ,page   
#dj4 8,if a ,hebrew s]vant _h m>ri$ a   
wife ) cons5t ( 8  ma/]1 %e & h] *ild   
became h] ma/]'s prop]ty = ev]40  ,?is  
seems n to be c&idly express$4 ,?is wife
 mu/ h be5 an  ,hea!n slave1 = ,hebrew  
wom5 _h ! privilege ( ! ,sabbatical     
ye>2 b if he *ose to cont9ue ) 8 wife1  
he _h only to r5ew  8 contract ) 8 ma/]4
 ,inde$ ! regulation appe>s to h  be5   
int5d$ z a *eck to ! connection ) slaves
 9 ! poor  r$uc$ ,hebrews4    ,page #da1
 #db4 ,:5 he speaks ( ! 7,lev]pool7     
8slave trade hav+  ! sanction ( be+     
enc\rag$1 almo/ comm&$1 & ev5  enjo9$1  
to be prosecut$ by ! ,supreme           
,legislator10 he puts  opposition to    
sil5ce4 ,b :51 p4 #dc4 he talks ( 8!    
,almighty's  =gett+ himself1 :5 he      
enc\rag$ ! slave trade1 if x be a       

crime10 ,i am happy = 8 sake to         
recollect1 t ! au?or tells  u1 till he 0
 #bg ye>s old1 he knew n ! value ( an   
,engli%  expression4    ,page #dc4 ,!   
slav]y ( ! ,gibeonites4    ,! l& (      
,canaan 0 allott$ to ! ,jews = an       
inh]itance4  ,! =m] inhabitants1 = _!   
s9s1 7 to be extirpat$1 or  expell$4 ,! 
,gibeonites pref]r$ slav]y to ?is4 ,_!  
s]vices  7 allott$ fir/ to ! tab]nacle1 
!n to ! temple4 ,x appe>s  f ,david's   
application to !m1 on acc\nt ( ! fam9e  
br\ght on  ! l& = ,saul's massacre ( !m1
 t !y 7 kept di/9ct z  a p4 ,we may     
suppose t !y cont9u$ to occupy "p ( _!  
anci5t possessions 7= we f9d 9 ,david's 
"t t ev5 ,araunah  a ,jebusite 0 a      
proprietor ( l&7 & t !y 7 9 _!  turn    
draught$ (f = ! s]vice ( religion2 ^? :o
 occupi$  ! l&s ma9ta9+ ^? :o s]v$4 ,!re
 is n "o common  circum/ance betwe5 !   
mann] ( _! becom+ s]vants1 & !  pres5t  
,lev]pool slave trade1 & h>dly any m 9  
_! treatm5t4    ,page #ej4 ,on !        
supposition ( ! iniquity ( ! 7,lev]pool7

 8slave  trade10 he speaks ( ! ,almighty
 di/urb+ ! c\rse ( nature1  :5 ! sun    
/ood /ill at ,jo%ua's comm&1 to make x  
subs]vi5t  to inju/ice & oppression1 9  
v9dication ( ill-gott5 prop]ty4  ,"h he 
may be assur$ ! horror ( ! expression w 
secure him  f contradiction4    ,page   
#ed4 8,! slave trade10 7/ill ,lev]pool  
slave trade7 8is 9  p]fect h>mony ) !   
pr9ciples ( ! ^w ( ,god respect+        
ju/ice40 ,p4 #eh4 8,! inspir$ writ]s ( !
 ,new ,te/am5t did n  consid] x z an    
infraction ( ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel40   
,nor  did ^! decl>e _! own p]secution = 
righte\sness sake1 to be  an infraction 
( ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel4 ,! keep+ (    
slaves1  :i* ! au?or con/antly calls 8! 
slave trade10 0 a cu/om  !n g5]ally     
preval5t ov] ! _w4 ,nei!r 7 ma/]s or    
slaves prep>$ = a g5]al manumission4 ,! 
_s ( ,*ri/ianity  0 suff]$ gradually to 
und]m9e ?is mass ( oppression1 &  :]ev] 
! gospel has prevail$1 x has 9 fact     
aboli%$ x4    ,we h a simil> in/ance (  
?is managem5t1 9 ! abolition  ( !       

c]emonial law ( ,moses4 ,! fir/         
disciples1 & ev5 !  apo/les1 con=m$ to  
x1 ?\gh !y _h decl>$ x to be an         
unnecess>y yoke1 & !y suff]$ x to we>   
out gradually4 ,t  slav]y 0 an evil1 &  
!re=e a s9 9 all ^? :o inflict$  x on   
o!rs1 9 su* a degree z to become an     
evil1 is pla9ly  decl>$ 9 ! gospel4 ,our
 ,savi\r tells ! believ+ ,jews1 ,if ye  
cont9ue 9 my ^w1 ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! 
tru? %all  make y free2 or %all conf]   
new privileges on y4 ,if fre$om  be a   
privilege or an advantage1 slav]y is a  
degradation & a  disadvantage4 ,b if a  
man be degrad$ or injur$ = ! caprice or 
pr(it ( ano!r1 t o!r1 "u :om he suff]s  
su* injury1 is  guilty ( a s94    ,aga91
 ,/4 ,paul1 #a ,cor4 viii4 #ba41 says1  
8,art ?\ call$ be+ a  s]vant1 c>e n = x2
 b if ?\ maye/ be made free1 use x  r40 
,"h is pla9ly a direction to ! disciples
 to submit to  _! situation1 b to pref] 
fre$om :5 fairly (f]$2 :i*  9 ?is case 0
 its be+ pur*as$ = !m by ! ,*ri/ian     
congregation4 ,?is is expla9$1 v]4 #bc4 

8,ye are b\ght ) a  price1 be n 7,greek 
become n7 ye ! s]vants ( m540 ,avoid a  
situation :i* mu/ debase y\r m9d4 ,9 !  
,revelations1 xviii4  #ac4 slaves & s\ls
 ( m5 are said to be articles ( traffick
 9  ,babylon1 ! ,"m ( ,abom9ations4 ,?is
 suppose? no?+ v  excell5t 9 slav]y1 to 
make x be approv$ (1 & comm&$ to be     
prosecut$ by ,god4    ,we may n[ acc\nt 
= ! mann] 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul applies to    
,philemon 9 behalf ( 8 s]vant ,onesimus4
 ,he desires him to  receive him back   
into 8 family1 n n[ z a s]vant1 b above 
a  s]vant2 a pr(itable inmate1 a bro!r  
belov$4 ,he w\ld n take  advantage ( !  
privilege ( an apo/le1 to )hold         
,onesimus f  8 s]vice1 or consid] 8     
conv]sion z a b> to x1 & !re=e          
endeav\rs to effect a reconciliation    
betwe5 !m4 ,b f !  mann] 9 :i* ! apo/le 
solicits ?is fav\r1 x is cle> !         
situation ( ,onesimus 9 ! family 0      
desirable2 = he reque/s  x z a fav\r to 
,onesimus1 & consid]s n 8 int]position1 
z ! conf]r+ ( an obligation on          

,philemon4 ,all ?is is v  opposite to t 
,we/-,indian slav]y ) :i* ?is (         
,onesimus1 p4  #fe4 is comp>$4 ,= ! ma/]
 only is consid]$ "h2 nei!r !  feel+s   
nor pr(it ( ! slave is tak5 into acc\nt4
    ,page #gb1 #gc4 ,i %all n dispute 8 
exposition ( do+ z we wi%  to be done   
by1 z f> z x goes1 ( 8a slave's s]v+ 8  
ma/]1  z he if a ma/] w\ld wi% to be    
s]v$40 ,b ,i w\ld c>ry x a  /ep f>!r4 ,z
 ,i1 a free man1 settl$ ) my family &   
fri5ds  ab\t me 9 my native c\ntry1 w\ld
 n wi% to be kidnapp$1 or to  h my      
family enslav$1 sep>at$1 & c>ri$ b\nd   
neck & heel1  & /ifl$ 9 ! f\l air ( a   
%ip's hold1 all to be sold 9 a  di/ant  
c\ntry1 to toil incessantly = a man we  
nev] knew1 )\t  food or raim5t1 except  
su* scraps z we may procure by break+  !
 sabba?2 "u ! la% ( any unfeel+ boy1 :o 
may be set  ov] u ) a :ip 9 8 h&2 s w\ld
 n ,i be conc]n$ 9 any  su* cruel       
oppressive inhuman treatm5t ( o!rs4 ,:5 
?is au?or  publi%es 8 ,second ,"p1 x is 
to be hop$1 ?is w be press$  home on 8  

,lev]pool patrons4    ,x is curi\s to   
rem>k1 t 9 ^! rese>*es1 9 :i* !  wisdom 
& goodness ( ,god is s freely appli$ to 
! ,lev]pool  slave trade1 !re is n ev5 a
 di/ant h9t giv5 ( ! purpose  :i* is to 
be s]v$ by slav]y1 to %ew x to be wor?y 
8( ?is  div9e approbation1 ! almo/ div9e
 comm&s40 ,:5 ,god comm&s  u to love our
 neighb\r1 our he>t goes along ) !      
precept4 ,b  if1 z ?is au?or incauti\sly
 affirms1 we be comm&$ to ex]cise  !    
slave trade1 b[ d[n our bro!r's body 9  
bondage1 & treat  him ill1 z ,s>ah did  
,hag> ) impunity1 we h no clue to trace 
out ! agreem5t ( ! doctr9e ) div9e      
goodness4 ,if comm&$  or enjo9$ to use !
 slave trade z x is n[ c>ri$ on1 we are 
comm&$1 7horrid ev5 9 ! supposition7 to 
commit murd]1 to  />ve1 oppress1        
suffocate1 & lead into exile1 our bro!r1
 :o  nev] (f5d$ u4 ,suppose slav]y      
approv$ ( 9 revelation1 yet  surely     
robb]y1 murd]1 & oppression1 are n      
approv$ !re3 &  yet no man is orig9ally 
r$uc$ into a /ate ( slav]y b by su*     

me?ods3--at lea/1 :5 ! advocates =      
slav]y plead = a div9e  sanction to x1  
!y %\ld be able to lay d[n a me?od (    
mak+  slaves ( o!rs1 :i* %all be        
innoc5t1 & may des]ve t  sanction4    ,!
 ,jews1 = _! s9s1 7 giv5 up to          
captivity4 ,_! cities  7 to be de/roy$1 
_! pr9ces murd]$1 & _! p  c>ri$ to      
,babylon4 ,! prophets invit$ ! surr\nd+ 
nations to  come to ! slaught]1 & to !  
spoil4 ,"h is a div9e comm& 9  /rong]   
t]ms ?an c be %ewn = ! ,lev]pool slave  
trade1 or  any o!r slave trade or hold+ 
( slaves4 ,yet :at foll[s4 ,^!  v       
nations ?us invit$1 & ev5 comm&$ to     
execute ! div9e  judgm5ts on ! ,jews1   
are de/9$ to de/ruction1 are made to    
cease  z nations1 = hav+ obey$ ! call to
 v5geance4 ,edom 0 among/  ! fir/ 9 ?is 
field ( blood1 & slav]y1 & plund]4 ,he> 
!  prophet ,obadiah address him3--8,?\  
%\lde/ n h laid h&s  on _! sub/ance 9 ! 
day ( _! calamity3 ?\ %\lde/ n  h /ood 9
 ! cross-way to cut (f ^? ( 8 t did     
escape3  ?\ %\lde/ n h deliv]$ up ^? ( 8

 t did rema9  9 ! day ( di/ress4 ,= !   
day ( ! ,"l is ne> on all !  hea!n2--z  
?\ ha/ done1 x %all be done unto !e40   
,! reason is pla91 ?\gh in/rum5ts 9     
,god's h&s to puni%  a wick$ p2 yet 9 ! 
execution ( 8 ju/ice1 !y only  satiat$  
_! own hatr$1 cruelty1 & av>ice4 ,let   
!re=e !  ,lev]pool slave trade be n only
 approv$ (1 b ev51 z he says1  comm&$ by
 ,god2 yet if ! corporation1 9 prosecut+
 ! inf]nal  bus9ess1 be actuat$ by      
av>ice1 or any o!r unwor?y motive1 &    
use cruelty1 oppression1 & inhumanity 9 
! c\rse ( x1 7&  let ^? :o use ! trade  
lay _! h&s on _! he>ts1 & let  !m1 if !y
 d>e1 d5y ! *>ge71 !n1 soon] or lat]1   
div9e  v5geance w f9d !m out1 & plunge  
!m into ru9 ) all  ^? :o enc\rage or    
abet !m 9 x4    ,page #ge4 ,corol4 #a/4 
8,! ,scriptures decl>e ! slave trade to 
be  intr9sically good & licit40 ,n 9 any
 o!r mann] ?an ,jewi%  arbitr>y         
divorces1 plurality ( wives1 or _!      
orig9al desire ( a  k+2 all ( :i* we "k 
to h be5 wrong f ! beg9n+4    ,corol4   

#b;d4 8,he is highly crim9al :o refuses 
ass5t to !  intr9sick licitness ( !     
slave trade1 decl>$ 9 ! ,scriptures40   
,i hope n1 if he _c f9d x !re1 &        
resolves n to m$dle  ) x1 till he has   
discov]$ x4    ,corol4 #c;d4 8,he :o    
acquiesces n 9 ! licitness ( ! slave    
trade1 disbelieves ! ,scriptures40      
,answ]$ 9 ,corol4 #b4    ,corol4 #f?4   
8,! abuses ( ! slave trade n an         
inducem5t to !  ,legislature to aboli%  
x40 ,if ! slave trade be1 z x c]ta9ly   
is1 insep>ably connect$ ) murd]1        
oppression1 & e iniquity  t has f "t to 
"t drawn d[n div9e v5geance on guilty   
nations2 & if ! ,legislature be in/ruct$
 9 ! nature ( x1  & be call$ on to put a
 /op to ?is murd] & oppression1 &  _c   
possibly d x b by ! abolition ( ! slave 
trade1  77 ! slave trade ev5 comm&$ 9 ! 
cle>e/ t]ms1 :i*  is n ! case1 b !      
contr>y7 !n is ! ,legislature oblig$1  &
 call$ on by e motive ( religion &      
prud5ce1 to put an  imm$iate /op to x1 t
 x may n br+ ru9 on ! /ate4             

,,f9is4          ,books by ,j4 ,ramsay4 
,an ,,essay on ! ,treatm5t & ,conv]sion 
( ,african ,slaves 9 !  ,briti% ,sug>   
,colonies4 #ds4 ,bo>ds4    ,a ,,reply to
 ! ,p]sonal ,invectives & ,objections   
conta9$ 9 two  ,answ]s1 publi%$ by c]ta9
 anonym\s ,p]sons1 to an ,essay on !    
,treatm5t & ,conv]sion ( ,african       
,slaves1 9 ! ,briti% ,colonies4  #bs4   
,an ,,inquiry into ! ,effects ( putt+ a 
,/op to ! ,african ,slave  ,trade1 & (  
grant+ ,lib]ty to ! ,slaves 9 ! ,briti% 
,sug>  ,colonies4 #f;d4    ,a ,,lett] to
 ,james ,tob91 ,esq4 late ,memb] ( ,8   
,maje/y's ,c\ncil 9  ! ,isl& ( ,nevis4  
#f;d4    ,a ,,manual = ,african ,slaves4
 #b;d4    ,,objections to ! ,abolition (
 ! ,slave ,trade1 ) ,answ]s4 ,second    
,edit4 enl>g$4 #i;d4      ,also lately  
publi%$ by ! same ,au?or1    ,a ,,volume
 ( ,,sea ,,s]mons2 sold by ,riv+tons1   
,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*-y>d4    ,,essay on a  
,,sea ,,(fic]'s ,,duty2 sold by         
,rob9sons1 ,pat]no/]-,r[4               
,,tracts    ,,on ,,!    ,,slave ,,trade1

    ,publi%$ by ,j4 ,,phillips1         
,george-,y>d1 ,lomb>d-,/reet4      ,an  
,,essay on ! ,impolicy ( ! ,african     
,slave ,trade1 by ,t4 ,cl>kson4  ,9 ,two
 ,p>ts4 #bs4 #f;d4 bo>ds4    ,an ,,essay
 on ! ,slav]y & ,comm]ce ( ! ,human     
,species1  p>ticul>ly ! ,african1       
translat$ f a ,lat9 ,diss]tation1 :i*  0
 hon\r$ ) ! ,fir/ ,prize 9 ! ,univ]sity 
( ,cambridge1 =  ! ,ye> #aghe4 ,second  
,addition1 ) ,additions1 by ,t4         
,cl>kson4 #cs4  bo>ds4    ,a            
,,description ( ,gu9ea1 its ,situation1 
,produce1 & ! g5]al  ,disposition ( its 
,inhabitants2 ) an ,inquiry into ! ,rise
 &  ,progress ( ! ,slave ,trade1 c4 ,by 
,an?ony ,b5ezet4 ,a new ,edition4  #bs4 
bo>ds4    ,an ,,acc\nt ( ! ,slave ,trade
 on ! ,coa/ ( ,africa1 by ,alex&]       
,falconbridge1 late ,surgeon 9 !        
,african ,trade4 #i;d4    ,,obs]vations 
on a ,gu9ea ,voyage2 9 a ,s]ies (       
,lett]s1 address$ to  ! ,rev4 ,j4       
,cl>kson1 by ,james ,field ,/anfield1   
late a ,m>9] 9 !  ,african ,slave       

,trade4 #d;d4    ,a ,,lett] to !        
,treasur] ( ! ,society in/itut$ = !     
,purpose  ( effect+ ! ,abolition ( !    
,slave ,trade4 ,f ! ,rev4 ,rob]t  ,b\*] 
,nickolls1 ,dean ( ,middleham4 ,a new   
,edition enl>g$4 #d;d4    ,,rem>ks on ! 
,slave ,trade1 & ! ,slav]y ( ! ,negroes1
 9 a  ,s]ies ( ,lett]s1 by ,africanus4  
#bs4 #f;d4    ,,we/ ,,indian ,,eclogues1
 d$icat$ to ! late ,"l ,bi%op ( ,*e/]1  
by a ,p]son :o resid$ sev]al ,ye>s 9 !  
,we/-,indies4 #bs4    ,a ,,summ>y ,,view
 ( ! ,slave ,trade1 & ( ! probable      
,consequ5ces  ( its ,abolition4 #b;d4   
,a ,,lett] f ,capt4 ,j4 ,s4 ,smi?1 to ! 
,rev4 ,mr4 ,hill1 on ! ,/ate  ( !       
,negroe ,slaves4 ,to :i* are add$ an    
,introduction1 & ,rem>ks  on ,free      
,negroes4 ,by ! ,editor4 #f;d4    ,a    
,,caution to ,great ,brita9 & h]        
,colonies1 9 a %ort  ,repres5tation ( ! 
calamit\s ,/ate ( ! enslav$ ,negroes 9 !
  ,briti% ,dom9ions4 ,by ,an?ony        
,b5ezet4 #f;d4    ,,?\ghts on ! ,slav]y 
( ! ,negroes4 #d;d4    ,a ,,s]i\s       

,,address to ! ,rul]s ( ,am]ica1 on !   
,inconsi/5cy (  _! ,conduct respect+    
,slav]y4 #c;d4    ,! ,,case ( our       
,fell[-,creatures1 ! ,oppress$          
,africans1  respectfully recomm5d$ to ! 
s]i\s ,consid]ation ( !  ,legislature ( 
,great-,brita91 by ! ,p call$ ,quak]s4  
#b;d4