,frontispiece3 ,,an ,,e>?ly ,,p>adise4 7,,all ,,! ,,heav5s ,,( ,,heav5 ,,9 ,,"o ,,little ,,*ild47 ,bell's ,m9iature ,s]ies ( ,pa9t]s ,,sir ,,lawr5ce ,,alma ,,tadema ,r4 ,a4 ,,by ,,hel5 ,,zimm]n ,,london ,,george ,,bell ,,sons #aijb ,,*iswick ,,press3 ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,life ( ! ,arti/ ,! ,"w ( ,alma ,tadema ,! ,art ( ,alma ,tadema ,our ,illu/rations ,li/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,pictures by ,alma ,tadema1 ) ,own]s' ,names ,li/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,portraits pa9t$ by ,alma ,tadema ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,an ,e>?ly ,p>adise4 7,all ! ,heav5s ( ,heav5 9 "o little *ild7 ,frontispiece ,a ,read+ f ,hom] ,at ! ,%r9e ( ,v5us ,ave ,caes>6 ,i ,saturnalia6 ,spr+ ,an ,audi5ce at ,agrippa's ,sappho ,! ,coliseum ,all ! illu/rations are reproduc$ by special p]mission ( ! ,b]l9 ,photographic ,company4 ,,life ,,( ,,sir ,,lawr5ce ,,alma ,,tadema ,laur5s ,alma ,tadema 0 born on ,janu>y #h?1 #ahcf1 at ,dronryp1 a little t[n 9 ! v he>t ( ! ,frisian prov9ce ( ,holl&4 ,h5ce by bir? ,tadema is ,dut*1 ?\gh by resid5ce & naturalization he is n[ an ,engli%man4 ,8 ,dut* bir?1 z we %all see lat]1 0 n )\t significant effect ^u ! developm5t & "* ( 8 art4 ,! fa!r1 ,piet] ,tadema1 0 an intellig5t lawy] ) a pron\nc$ ta/e = music4 ,un=tunately1 :ile ! "y ,laur5s 0 /ill a baby1 ?is p>5t di$1 & 8 education & upbr++ 7 left entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! "m4 ,a woman ( unusual capacity1 %e f\nd h]self at an e>ly age ) f\r *ildr5 ^u h] h&s--two1 a girl & our pa9t]1 be+ h] own (fspr+1 & two h] husb&'s by a previ\s m>riage4 ,! means at h] disposal 7 small2 b undaunt$1 %e put h]self to fight s+le-h&$ ! battle ( life1 & ) su* success1 t by h] unassi/$ ef=ts %e 0 able to place all h] *ildr5 well4 ,laur5s1 h] y\nge/1 0 also some?+ ( h] d>l+1 & ev5 z a *ild he realiz$ all 8 "m 0 do+ on h] *ildr5's behalf4 ,to h] e>ly example no d\bt are due 8 great p[]s ( p]sev]ance1 8 undaunt$ application1 8 high-m9d$ s5se ( duty4 ,f ! v fir/ 8 fav\rite play?+ 0 a p5cil & pap]2 he drew z by in/9ct4 ,a family tradition survives to ! effect t be=e he 0 five ye>s old1 ,laur5s _h correct$ an error 9 a draw+-ma/]'s design4 ,nature h]self1 !re=e1 seems to h po9t$ out 8 future c>e]4 ,b s ! "m & gu>dians did n ?9k4 ,art 0 reg>d$ 9 ^? days z a pr(ession :i* sav\r$ ( a discr$itable "*1 & c]ta9ly n z "o t c\ld be r5d]$ lucrative4 ,x 0 !re=e resolv$ t ,laur5s %\ld foll[ 9 8 fa!r's foot/eps4 ,?is *oice he f\nd irksome to ! la/ degree1 & irksome1 too1 7 ! prelim9>y /eps4 ,= ! dead languages he _h no ta/e1 = all dry-bone /udies he _h little use4 ,8 sp>e h\rs1 & (t5 8 lesson h\rs too1 7 sp5t 9 draw+1 & _m a "t he w\ld h himself awak5$ be=e daybreak 9 ord] t he might devote ! h\rs be=e s*ool "t to work+ at 8 fav\rite pa/ime4 ,he _h no ma/]s & little enc\ragem5t1 nev]!less he plodd$ on1 & ) su* good results t already1 9 #ahea1 he 0 able to exhibit 9 a ,dut* gall]y a portrait he _h pa9t$ ( 8 si/]1 a "w t ev5 9 its immaturity betrays "s ( ! qualities t di/+ui% 8 lat] & great] ef=ts 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,b ! dual ef=t impos$ on ?is "y s\l by ! fight betwe5 duty & incl9ation 0 too heavy a physical burd5 = ! juv5ile %\ld]s to be>4 ,a collapse ( heal? occurr$ j z ,laur5s 0 gr[+ up1 & s s]i\s did x seem t ! doctors told ! "m & gu>dians h[1 see+ ! "y man 0 n long = ?is _w1 x seem$ ne$less to m> 8 few rema9+ mon?s ( exi/5ce by =c+ him to cont9ue 8 hat$ legal /udies4 ,= ?is %ort p]iod at lea/ he might be all[$ to be happy foll[+ 8 b5t4 ,b :at 0 ! surprise ( doctors & gu>dians :5 ,laur5s1 z soon z ! heavy /ra9 0 remov$1 recov]$ z ?\gh by magic1 & rapidly became ! /urdy1 robu/ man he has rema9$ all 8 life4 ,x 0 n[ at la/ evid5t to ^? 9 au?ority t ,tadema 0 a g5ius ^: advance mu/ n be ?w>t$ or co]c$2 art1 !re=e1 0 reluctantly ackn[l$g$ to be 8 prop] pr(ession1 & to prep>e himself = ?is he s\ght admission to an art academy4 ,/range1 nay almo/ incr$ible ?\gh x s\nds1 he c\ld ga9 no admission to ^? ( 8 native l&4 ,antw]p1 at t "t a not$ arti/ic c5tre1 prov$ m disc]n+ & less inhospitable4 ,x *anc$ t ,tadema ent]$ at a mom5t :5 ! rival claims ( ,fr5* pseudo-classicism & ,belgian naturalism 7 divid+ ! ,academy into factions4 ,! "o1 ! ,pseudo-classic1 0 head$ by ,l\is ,david1 :o at t "t 0 liv+ 9 ,antw]p 9 exile4 ,! o!r1 call$ ! ,belgian-,flemi% ,s*ool1 aim$ at reviv+ ! anci5t local art ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,alma ,tadema 0 n made ( ! /uff to become a pseudo-classic or a pseudo any?+4 ,x 01 !re=e1 q natural t ! "y /ud5t rang$ himself at once ) ^? :o s\ght to revive ! be/ traditions ( ! ,dut* & ,flemi% s*ools4 ,?is native section 0 l$ by ,wapp]s1 & ,tadema soon became "o ( 8 mo/ en?usia/ic p>tisans4 ,a fri5d :o knew him 9 ^? days has said1 ,tadema did n "w at ,antw]p1 he slav$ 9 8 ef=ts to make up = all ! preci\s "t t _h be5 lo/4 ,( 8 e>ly ef=ts1 h[ev]1 none h surviv$4 ,tadema has no sev]] critic ?an ,tadema himself1 & to ?is day he w n all[ a picture to leave 8 /udio until he has made x z p]fect z he kn[s h[1 s t he m]cilessly de/roy$ all 8 t5tative canvases t c\ld n yet reproduce ! p]fect$ ideals ( ! ma/]4 ,ev5 9 ^? e>ly days ! subjects belong$ ei!r to hi/ory prop] or t anci5t hi/ory :i* is half envelop$ 9 my?4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ,tadema add$ ! prefix ,alma to ! pat]nal surname4 ,alma 0 ! "n ( 8 godfa!r1 & su* a proce$+ 01 x seems1 n unusual 9 ,holl&4 ,tadema's reason = tak+ ?is /ep 0 t 9 ?is wise 8 "n 9 arti/ic catalogues 0 rang$ among ! ,a's in/ead ( fur!r d[n among ! ,t's4 ,und\bt$ly su* app>5t trifles d prove ( consequ5ce 9 help+ or h9d]+ a c>e]4 ,f ! ,academy ( ,antw]p ,alma ,tadema pass$ into ! /udio ( ,h5drick van ,leys1 ! great ,belgian ar*ologi/ & hi/orical pa9t]2 8 tea*+1 com+ at ! mom5t x did1 prov$ ( great value to ,alma ,tadema4 ,van ,leys 0 j !n busy decorat+ ! ,gr& ,t[n ,hall ( ,antw]p ) frescoes4 ,9 ?is "w ,alma ,tadema 0 all[$ to assi/ ! ma/]1 & :ile s do+ ! "y arti/ ga9$ k t prov$ ( imm5se importance to 8 own aft] c>e]4 ,to van ,leys' influ5ce he owes 8 own hi/orical accuracy & 8 att5tion to detail ev5 ! mo/ m9ute4 ,x also help$ him to see objects tru?fully &1 :at is equally important1 to see !m 9 mass4 ,x is true t = a "t van ,leys' example 0 some:at p]nici\s1 s9ce "s ( ,alma ,tadema's works ( ! p]iod are visibly influ5c$ by 8 ma/]'s dryness & h>%ness ( execution4 ,b ! "y man's own native bias t[>d ri* & full col\r 0 too /rong = any influ5ce long to repress ! rem>kable & idiosyncratic capacity t ?robb$ )9 him & 0 ye>n+ to f9d full expression4 ,! subjects treat$ by van ,leys 9 ! ,antw]p ,guildhall 7 all tak5 f ! hi/ory ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,x 0 ?us t ,alma ,tadema became acqua9t$ ) _! e>ly annals by :i* 8 own fir/ pictures 7 inspir$4 ,x 0 ! sale ( "o ( ^!1 ,! ,education ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ,clovis1 b\ght by ! ,k+ ( ! ,belgians1 t made x possible = ! "y arti/ to call 8 "m & si/] to live ) him 9 ,antw]p4 ,?is removal ( 8 family gave ,alma ,tadema int5se joy1 = he is "o ( ^? :olesomely con/itut$ be+s to :om family life is an absolute necessity4 ,9 ord] = him to be happy & to h 8 m9d free to "w at 8 cong5ial occupation1 x is ne$ful to 8 nature t outside circum/ances be calm1 & t 8 exi/5ce be surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e ( t5d]ness & affection4 ,f\r ye>s aft] jo9+ h] son1 ,madame ,tadema di$4 ,x is sad to ?9k t ?is good p>5t did n live to witness h] son's _w-wide fame1 b pleasant to "k t %e /ill he>d ! praise ar\s$ by "s ( 8 fir/ exhibit$ pictures1 & to see him ! recipi5t ( 8 fir/ gold m$al1 t accord$ to him at ,am/]dam 9 #ahfb4 ,9 #ahfe ,tadema m>ri$ a ,fr5* lady1 & remov$ to ,brussels1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 wife's dea?4 ,?is occurr$ 9 #ahfi1 :5 he 0 left alone ) 8 si/] & two little girls1 ! elde/1 ,laur5ce1 :o has develop$ into a gift$ writ]1 & ! second1 ,anna1 ! delicate1 da9ty arti/ :o has inh]it$ s mu* ( h] fa!r's p[] = reproduc+ detail4 ,x 0 dur+ ! lifetime ( 8 fir/ wife t ,alma ,tadema paid 8 fir/ visit to ,italy & saw ) 8 own eyes ! homes ( ^? ,romans :o 7 de/9$ to become 8 mo/ famili> fri5ds4 ,?is j\rney1 z might be expect$1 ex]t$ a /rong influ5ce ^u 8 art1 b x did n entirely rev]se all 8 views & me?ods1 z has be5 ! case ) _m o!r arti/s4 ,! fact is t ,alma ,tadema _h ( set purpose avoid$ go+ to ,italy be=e ?is date4 ,on ?is po9t he _h1 & has always _h1 a v pron\nc$ op9ion4 ,accord+ to him ! influ5ce ( ,italy is s pot5t1 s epo*-mak+ 9 ! life ( an arti/1 t he %\ld nev] g !re until he is himself mature & has already f\nd 8 own road4 ,o!rwise all he sees 9 t magic l& only helps to unsettle him1 & h5ce h9d]s r ?an helps =w>d ! evolution>y developm5t ( ! man's own arti/ic idiosyncrasy4 ,& inde$ ,alma ,tadema's op9ion w\ld seem "r on ?is po9t1 ?\gh x is 9 direct opposition to ! practice ( all ! art s*ools & academies ( ! _w4 ,x is c]ta9ly /range h[ few ( ^? :o ga9 travell+ s*ol>%ips1 ( ^? :o are ,prix de ,rome & are s5t to ! ,villa ,m$ici1 become great & orig9al arti/s4 ,speak+ on ?is !me "o day ,tadema rem>k$1 ,( :at use is x to try & graft a bran* lad5 ) fruit ^u a sapl+4 ,if ! sapl+ has no trunk h[ is x possible to effect a graft8 ,rub5s foll[$ ! "r pr9ciple1 & s aft] hav+ extract$ f =eign travel ! be/ x c\ld give he /ill rema9$ ,rub5s4 ,b :at w\ld h happ5$ if he _h und]tak5 8 j\rney prematurely1 t is to say be=e ! arti/ inside him 0 fully develop$8 ,on ano!r occasion ,alma ,tadema express$ 8 views on ! same subject3 ,x is my belief t an art /ud5t ought n to travel4 ,:5 once he has become an arti/1 consci\s ( 8 own aim1 ( 8 own wants1 he w c]ta9ly pr(it by see+ ! works ( ! great ma/]s1 because he w !n be able to und]/& !m1 & c !n1 if necess>y1 appropriate su* ?+s z may appe> useful to him4 ,) "o or two exceptions ! ,prix de ,rome m5 are n ! =emo/ ( _! day4 ,meissoni]1 ,g]ome1 van ,leys1 rema9$ at home till !y _h become consummate arti/s4 ,rembr&t nev] left ,am/]dam1 & ,rub5s1 :5 travell+ ?r\gh ,italy1 made "s sket*es aft] ,lion>do da ,v9ci :i* might pass z orig9al ,rub5s1 because ,rub5s 0 already ,rub5s :5 he did !m4 ,v&yck & ,velasquez travell$ :5 !y 7 already ,v&yck & ,velasquez1 b n be=e4 ,! great picture deal] 9 ^? e>ly days ( ,alma ,tadema's art life 0 ! ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,gamb>t1 ,pr9ce ,gamb>t1 z he us$ to be call$ 9 playful irony1 = x 0 he :o controll$ & regulat$ ! picture m>ket ( ,europe1 to ! imm5se b5efit ( 8 own pocket4 ,x is b fair1 h[ev]1 to add t he 0 a g5]\s z well z a disc]n+ deal]4 ,:5 he 0 visit+ any city 9 8 comm]cial capacity1 ! :isp] ,gamb>t is "h6 w\ld run r\nd all ! /udios1 & _m a plot did unkn[n "y arti/s lay 9 ord] to wile him into _! work%ops1 & ke5 0 ! disappo9tm5t if ! great man left ! city aft] visit+ only ! /udios ( "o or two ( ! mo/ not$ m51 ignorant ( all ! s*emes & plans t _h be5 laid to entrap him4 ,! "y ,alma ,tadema 0 among ^? :o plott$ to secure a visit f ! great ,gamb>t1 & he too 0 doom$ to see 8 hopes da%$4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 ^! hopes 7 fulfill$4 ,x 0 ?anks to van ,leys1 :o _h purposely giv5 a wrong address to ,gamb>t's coa*man1 direct$ to c>ry 8 ma/] to ! /udio ( a pa9t] !n mu* en vogue4 ,h5ce x came t ! great deal] f\nd himself 9 front ( ,alma ,tadema's mode/ /udio in/ead4 ,9 ! doorway /ood ! "y arti/ palpitat+ ) excitem5t4 ,gamb>t1 :o by ?is "t _h p]ceiv$ 8 error1 0 too good-natur$ to turn back )\t ent]+4 ,aft] he _h look$ at ! "w ^u ! easel 9 sil5ce1 he sudd5ly ask$ 9 brusque tones1 ,d y mean to tell me y pa9t$ ?is picture8 ,alma ,tadema b[$ 8 acquiesc5ce1 he 0 too ov]come to speak4 ,well1 repli$ ! deal]1 aft] ask+ ! price & a few o!r details1 turn me out tw5ty-f\r o!r pictures ( ?is k9d & ,i w pay = !m at progressive prices1 rais+ ! figure aft] ea* half doz54 ,?is 0 inde$ an unexpect$ /roke ( good =tune = ,alma ,tadema1 :o at once set to "w to fulfil 8 commission4 ,x 0 n all pla9 sail+ h[ev]4 ,gamb>t wi%$ to p9 d[n ! w+s ( ! arti/'s fantasy1 & x 0 only aft] long discussion & b>ga9+ t he p]mitt$ ! pa9t] to *oose 8 !mes f among classical subjects in/ead ( rema9+ among ^? ( ! ,middle ,ages 9 :i* he _h fir/ f\nd him engag$4 ,x 0 ?us t "s ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ! arti/'s e>li] works 7 includ$ 9 ?is s]ies ord]$ at s mu* ! half doz51 z if !y _h be5 gloves or any article ( hab]da%]y4 ,x took ,alma ,tadema f\r ye>s to c>ry out ,gamb>t's fir/ commission4 ,:5 he 0 at ! f9i% ( 8 task1 ,gamb>t once m appe>$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,i want y to pa9t me ano!r tw5ty-f\r pictures1 0 ! qua9t ord] giv5 by ?is deal]--,maec5as aga9 (f]+ to remun]ate ,alma ,tadema at an asc5d+ rate ( paym5t1 only ?is "t ! />t+ po9t 0 a v mu* high] figure4 ,once m ! arti/ cons5t$4 ,! fir/ "w ( ! new s]ies 0 ! fam\s ,v9tage4 ,:5 ! deal] saw x he p]ceiv$ t x 0 a f> m important canvas ?an any ( its pr$ecessors1 a "w1 too1 t _h co/ ! arti/ f> m "t & lab\r1 & he at once insi/$ ^u pay+ = x ! figure :i* 0 to h be5 giv5 = ! la/ half doz54 ,= ,gamb>t1 despite 8 pr(ession & 8 biz>re ways1 0 lib]al & g5]\s1 & p]haps he und]/ood too t x paid to be hone/4 ,alma ,tadema is fond ( tell+ ! tale h[1 :5 he _h f9i%$ 8 second two doz5 pictures1 ,gamb>t invit$ him & ! :ole arti/ic colony ( ,brussels to d9n]4 ,to our arti/'s no small surprise1 he f\nd t x 0 he :o 0 ! gue/ ( hon\r4 ,9 front ( 8 plate !re %one a silv] goblet be>+ a mo/ flatt]+ inscription1 :ile into 8 table-napk9 0 fold$ a l>ge *eque1 a sum accord$ to him by ,gamb>t beyond ! /ipulat$ price4 ,an accid5t br\ght ,tadema to ,london 9 #ahgj1 & "h he at once took root4 ,a ye> lat] he rem>ri$1 8 wife ?is "t be+ ,miss ,laura ,!resa ,epps1 a woman ( r>e beauty1 & h]self a pa9t] ( di/9ction4 ,= _m ye>s ,tadema's home 0 9 ,reg5t's ,p>k ,road1 a mode/ ,london resid5ce :i* by 8 +5uity he trans=m$ into a fairy palace4 ,he aft]w>ds mov$ into l>g] qu>t]s 9 ,grove ,end ,road1 :]e he has re>$ a h\se entirely ^u 8 own designs t repeats on a l>g] & m sumptu\s scale ! beauties ( ! e>li] resid5ce4 ,9 ,alma ,tadema's case ! environm5t does inde$ expla9 ! man4 ,8 ke5 s5se ( beauty1 8 classic ta/es1 8 love ( fl[]s1 make !mselves felt 9 e nook & corn] ( 8 abode2 9 ! silv]-wall$ /udio ) its onyx w9d[s1 9 its mosaic atrium1 9 :i* a f\nta9 spla%es1 9 ,lady ,tadema's special room ) its oak-beam$ ceil+1 its ,dut* panell+1 its old ,dut* furniture1 9 its l[-w9d[$ libr>y pack$ ) spl5did illu/rat$ works on arti/ic !mes1 9 its pretty g>d5 ev] gay ) blossoms1 ) its fi% pond & trellis$ colonnade4 ,9 almo/ e room c be recon/ruct$ ! sc5es ( 8 pictures2 ! lu/r\s m>ble bas9 9 ! sky-lit atrium be>s ^u its slop+ rim a heap ( )]$ rose leaves1 fa9tly record+ t ri* %[] ( fragrance :i* once sugge/$ a /rik+ detail 9 ! ,heliogabalus picture4 ,! burni%$ brass /eps appe>+ at frequ5t int]vals figure ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! pictures ( ,roman villas & classical environm5ts4 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features ( ?is h\se1 :i* is fill$ ) objects ( priceless wor?1 is its unev5ness ( pavem5t4 ,!re are su* endless nooks & alcoves1 ea* room is conceiv$ ^u a diff]5t scale & may be l[] or high] ?an its imm$iate neighb\r1 & yet1 mo/ m>vell\s ( all1 ! clu/] ( beautiful ap>tm5ts p]fectly h>monize "o ) ano!r4 ,f ! oblong entrance hall1 ov] ^: fireplace runs ! greet+1 ,i c\nt myself 9 no?+ else s happy ,z 9 a s\l rememb]+ my good fri5ds1 ^: wall decorations consi/ 9 panels pa9t$ = ! arti/ by 8 fri5ds1 to ! l[-ly+ d9+-room1 look+ ^u ! g>d5 & %ad$ by ! great tree :i* x is ,tadema's delight to wat* 9 its leaf unfold+1 its full summ] v]dure & its w9t] gauntness1 all is beautiful1 all is sympa!tic1 & all is ! result ( an ard5t appreciation ( ! arti/ic possibilities ( ! mo/ humble objects ( dome/ic life4 ,?r\gh all ! rooms are scatt]$ portraits ( its beautiful wom5 inmates1 "h a /atue ( ,lady ,alma ,tadema1 !re a w9d[ into ^: delicately col\r$ panes are fa%ion$ ! lik5esses ( ! qua9t little girls :o h n[ gr[n to wom51 outside "u ! w9d[ ( ^! same daught]s' room is a beautiful bit ( sculptur$ frieze be>+ ! int]wov5 tulips ( ,holl&1 lilies ( ,france1 & ,engli% roses4 ,! mo/ frequ5t gue/ f9ds cont9ual surprises 9 ?is h\se ^: e accessory is z c>efully conceiv$ z "o ( ! details ( its ma/]'s pictures4 ,holl&1 ,greece1 ,london & ,rome h all contribut$ _! quota to r5d] ?is h\se sui g5]is1 & once we h pass$ ! po/]n gate t leads f ,grove ,end ,road into ! g>d5 we in/9ctively feel ourselves incorporat$ into ano!r _w1 ano!r clime1 & ,london & its squalor1 its fogs & cold1 are =gott5 = a "t4 ,x is 9 ?is cong5ial milieu t ! arti/ works1 a milieu helpful & sugge/ive to ! special "* ( 8 art4 ,8 life s9ce 8 removal to ,engl& has be5 unev5tful4 ,! say+1 ,happy ^? :o h no hi/ory might be appli$ to ,tadema4 ,h>d "w1 p]si/5t /udy1 unremitt+ ef=ts aft] ev] great] p]fection ( /yle & treatm5t1 sum up ,alma ,tadema's arti/ic exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,read+ ,,f ,,hom]4 ,he is ess5tially a sociable man1 a lov] ( 8 k9d4 ,8 "w is only int]rupt$ by visits f fri5ds1 by weekly aft]noon & ev5+ receptions1 s *>m+ t ! entre is greatly covet$1 by ! claims ^u 8 "t z ,pr(essor at ! ,royal ,academy & memb] ( ! ,c\ncil2 dem&s all ( :i* he fulfils ) 8 *>act]i/ic /r5u\sness & high s5se ( duty4 ,9 #ahgf he became an ,associate ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy1 & 9 #ahgi a ,royal ,academician4 ,9 #ahii he receiv$ ! well-m]it$ hon\r ( knigh?ood at ! h&s ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,x is n (t5 t ,alma ,tadema leaves ! h\se to :i* he is devot$1 bo? = its beauty & because x h>b\rs all :om he holds de>1 = he is ess5tially a dome/ic man4 ,occasional visits to ! ,engli% c\ntry1 :i* he greatly admires1 & r>e trips to ,italy1 :i* he naturally loves1 are all ! holidays he all[s himself1 & ev5 dur+ su* *anges ( place he does n p]mit himself re/1 b is ev] /udy+ fre% effects ( light & col\r1 fre% comb9ations1 imbib+ fre% arti/ic sugge/ions4 ,no?+ escapes ,tadema's wide-op5 eyes2 he is nev] too we>y to receive a new impression4 ,z a man he has ab\t him no trace ( ! p$antry :i* might be anticipat$ f ! ar*aic "* ( 8 "w4 ,he is g5]\s1 g5ial1 w>m-he>t$1 a lov] ( jokes & anecdotes good & bad1 a *e]y optimi/1 a boon companion 9 ! be/ s5se ( t t]m4 ,he is also ! true/ & mo/ fai?ful ( fri5ds1 & ! k9de/ & mo/ l>ge-he>t$ ( tea*]s4 ,8 appreciation ( ! works ( o!rs is wide & s9c]e1 &1 no matt] h[ diff]5t ?is "w may be f 8 own /yle & ta/e1 he gives to x its due me$ ( praise1 provid$ x be execut$ ) hone/ int5t4 ,london society is famili> ) ?is wiry1 /rong-set figure1 ) ?is face ( k9dly comel9ess1 ) ! *e]y voice1 ) ! frank1 obs]vant eye1 ! m]ry quips & pranks1 ! en]gy1 ! int5se love ( all t is great1 & good1 & lovely4 ,to be ) him is to feel invigorat$1 = he seems to h s mu* sup]flu\s vitality t he is able to disp5se x to 8 surr\nd+s4 ,( 8 art he r>ely speaks1 & /ill m r>ely ( 8 art-!ories4 ,inde$ he is no !ori/1 ?\gh he kn[s p]fectly well at :at ends he aims1 & 8 art1 l 8 p]sonality1 is homog5e\s ?r\gh\t4 ,b x is n 9 8 nature to analyze1 he foll[s 8 in/9cts1 & ^! are true & "r4 ,to ?9e own self be true1 has be5 8 life motto1 & fai?fully has he s]v$ x4 ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,alma ,,tadema ,! fir/ 9 date ( ,alma ,tadema's pres]v$ pa9t+s is a cycle ( pictures deal+ ) ,m]ov+ian times4 ,to ^! ,m]ov+ians he 0 e>ly attract$1 p>tly p]haps because 9 8 old home & bir?place relics1 su* z co9s1 m$als1 arm\r belong+ to t epo* 7 ! only antiquities ! soil c\ld boa/4 ,add$ to ?is1 *ance ?rew into 8 way ,gregory ( ,t\rs' ,hi/ory ( ! ,franks & ! qua9t old *ronicl] completely captivat$ 8 fancy4 ,f ?is treasure-h\se ( fact & fiction he drew a s]ies ( pictures :i*1 if no m hi/orically correct ?an ,gregory himself1 7 nev]!less c>efully pond]$ pieces ( ar*ological improvisation 9 :i* ! m9ute /udies ( accessories made :ile /ill 9 ,frisia /ood ,alma ,tadema 9 good /ead4 ,clotilde at ! ,grave ( h] ,gr&*ildr5 0 an incid5t entirely )\t f\ndation 9 fact1 b "o ( ,gregory's /ories _h sugge/$ ! situation1 & ,tadema at once realiz$ its dramatic & pictorial possibilities4 ,9 treatm5t ?is canvas 0 /ill a little h>d & dry1 ! influ5ce ( van ,leys' some:at arid mann] 0 too app>5t4 ,! same criticism applies1 b 9 a less degree1 to its successor1 ! "w t won = ,alma ,tadema 8 fir/ success1 ,! ,education ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ,clovis4 ,?is1 too1 0 inspir$ by ! old ,pranki% *ronicl]1 & "h also1 z (t5 9 ,alma ,tadema's art1 a good deal ( previ\s k is requisite 9 ord] fully to appreciate ! composition4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ?is is "o ( ! difficulties ( truly und]/&+ ! pa9t]'s "w4 ,8 subjects are apt to be at times a little too ar*ological1 a little too lit]>y = imm$iate or easy explanation4 ,_! atmosph]e is incl9$ to be some:at remote f common k or int]e/4 ,nev]!less 9 ?is canvas ! tale is suffici5tly told1 & already ! real ,alma ,tadema is mak+ himself felt 9 ! great] ri*ness ( ! col\r+ & 9 ! skilful disposition ( ! figures4 ,q especially free & en]getic is ! figure ( ! elde/ boy ?r[+ 8 axe at ! m>k1 & t ( 8 tea*] look+ on int5tly to see h[ 8 *>ge conducts himself dur+ ?is public exposition ( 8 pr[ess4 ,?is "w1 :i* is n[ ! prop]ty ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,belgians1 0 b\ght by ! ,antw]p ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ! ,f9e ,arts = ! paltry sum ( "o ?\s& six hundr$ francs1 an am\nt :i* at ! "t seem$ a l>ge remun]ation to its pa9t]4 ,?is picture 0 foll[$ by yet o!rs1 all inspir$ by ! ,m]ov+ian *ronicles t _h tak5 su* a firm hold ^u ! arti/'s imag9ation4 ,9 ea* successive picture ! s*eme ( col\r grew full] & w>m]1 ! dull mann] ( ! ma/] van ,leys 0 m & m ab&on$1 ! real ,alma ,tadema made himself m & m felt4 ,8 own individuality1 8 own me?ods ( conception became manife/4 ,?is is especially ! case 9 a picture call$ ,gon?ram ,bose1 ano!r ( ! ,m]ov+ian s]ies4 ,we "h see ,alma ,tadema already apply+ 8 peculi> capacity ( fill+ 9 e in* ( ! canvas1 ?us (t5 giv+ to ! t9ie/ space a s5se ( va/ness1 ( di/ance1 ( imm5sity1 t r5d]s 8 smalle/ works su* m>vell\s gems ( conc5trat$ beauty4 ,( c\rse x took "t to le>n to d ?is )\t ar\s+ a s5se ( ov]cr[d+1 a fault t occurs ev5 9 "o or two ( 8 lat] works1 b m & m z he advanc$ ?is dang] 0 elim9at$ & ! capabilities hidd5 9 ?is artifice became ev] m manife/4 ,! little figures ) :i* he peopl$ 8 pictures also /eadily advanc$ 9 correctness ( movem5t & bore ab\t !m a local physiognomy t reviv$ an entire hi/orical epo* 9 a few squ>e in*es ( canvas4 ,! :ole ,m]ov+ian p]iod seem$ inc>nat$ 9 ^! works4 ,?is same capacity ( resuscitat+ a remote hi/orical "t 0 yet m pleasantly reveal$ :5 ,alma ,tadema at la/ turn$ f pa9t+ ^! gorge\s b blood?ir/y b>b>ians1 & appli$ himself in/ead to ! my/]i\s l& ( ,egypt1 ! s\rce ( all culture & all k1 ! l& he has nev] se51 b :i* he has appreh5d$ s wond]fully ) ! eye ( 8 bra94 ,! ,g]man ,egyptologi/ & noveli/1 ,george ,eb]s1 a fri5d ( ,alma ,tadema's1 to :om he d$icat$ "o ( 8 hi/orical tales1 once ask$ him :at x 0 t _h turn$ him f 8 ,franks t[>ds ! l& ( ,isis4 ,alma ,tadema repli$1 ,:]e else %\ld ,i h begun z soon z ,i became acqua9t$ ) ! life ( ! anci5ts8 ,! fir/ ?+ a *ild le>ns ( anci5t hi/ory is ab\t ! ,c\rt ( ,ph>aoh1 & if we g back to ! s\rce ( art & sci5ce mu/ we n return to ,egypt8 ,?is migration to ! ,nile clos$ :at may be t]m$ ,alma ,tadema's fir/ arti/ic p]iod1 :i* embraces ! t5 ye>s t lie betwe5 #aheb & #ahfb4 ,9 #ahfc he exhibit$ 8 ,egyptians ,?ree ,?\s& ,ye>s ,ago4 ,"h1 ?\gh ar*ological k 0 manife/1 ,tadema did n sacrifice 8 picture to a p$antic display ( le>n+4 ,on ! contr>y1 x r seem$ 8 object to %[ t ^! dead & gone old ,egyptians1 :om we are too incl9$ to ?9k ( z ! /iff1 lifeless figures t greet u f ! temples & /one c>v+s ( _! native l&1 7 m5 & wom5 l to ourselves4 ,a "w su* z ?is exhibit$ great /udy1 m p]haps ?an t dem&$ by 8 ,m]ov+ians4 ,b f ! outset x 0 evid5t t ,alma ,tadema w\ld n cov5ant ) prevail+ fa%ions 9 art 9 ord] to buy public fav\r at a *eap price4 ,he w\ld take up no task :i* did n comm5d itself to 8 /hetic fai?1 to 8 individual incl9ation1 to ! p>ticul> pref]5ces ( 8 ta/e4 ,nev]1 ev5 at ! outset ( 8 c>e]1 :5 f9ancial success _h n yet come1 did ,alma ,tadema conv]t 8 function ( arti/ into an easy or lucrative pr(ession4 ,9 ,! ,mummy1 ,! ,wid[1 ,! ,egyptian at 8 ,doorway1 ,tadema = ! fir/ "t applies ! me?ods ( g5re pa9t+ to ! treatm5t ( antique !mes4 ,?is novel mann] ( deal+ ) ar*ology1 :i* is really ( 8 creation1 has f\nd a l>ge s*ool ( imitators1 none ( :om1 h[ev]1 approa* ! ma/] ei!r = spontaneity ( conception or skill ( execution4 ,?is lean+ t[>ds g5re & its application to subjects t _h hi!rto n invit$ treatm5t 9 ?is mann]1 may probably be trac$ to ,tadema's ,dut* orig91 see+ t ! ,dut* 7 pa/ ma/]s 9 ?is =m ( composition1 :i* by !m 0 *iefly us$ to illu/rate trivial mom5ts ( _! imm$iate environm5t4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! works is ! ,dea? ( ! ,fir/-born2 inde$1 ,tadema ranks x z 8 be/ picture1 & has nev] yet accept$ any (f] = its pur*ase4 ,x hangs p]man5tly 9 8 /udio1 & is look$ ^u by 8 family z a priceless possession4 ,! date ( ?is "w is #ahgc1 :5 ! arti/ _h already begun to turn 8 att5tion to ^? ,greco-,roman !mes ) :i* 8 fame has s9ce be5 s closely associat$4 ,z ! picture is n famili> to ! _w f reproductions1 we w describe x at l5g?4 ,9 ?is picture ( ! la/1 wor/ plague ( ,egypt1 we f9d pa?os1 despair1 & t sil5t grief :i* :isp]s to ! o'er-fraught he>t & bids x break4 ,we ent] a great ,egyptian temple :]e d>kness & gloom1 oppressive 9 _! int5sity1 are only reliev$ by ! gleam ( moonlight se5 ?r\gh a di/ant doorway1 & by a s+le lamp :i* makes ! surr\nd+ %ad[s m deep4 ,9 ! =egr\nd is a pill> ) hi]oglyphics inscrib$ ^u x1 its capital lo/ 9 ! d>kness gives a /range s5se ( awe1 b ! p]vad+ influ5ce1 ! p[] ( ! sc5e1 is ! appreh5sion ( dea? :i* seems to re/ ov] ! mighty columns1 :i* fills ! great temple1 :i* b[s to ! e>? ,ph>aoh himself1 = x is 8 fir/-born :o lies dead be=e him4 ,prie/s & musicians are ga!r$ r\nd lamps /&+ on ! floor4 ,! prie/s are *ant+ _! pray]s1 & ! musicians are t\*+ /range-look+ in/rum5ts4 ,! entire effect is gloomy & awe-inspir+ 9 ! extreme4 ,! col\r+ is sombre ) its inimitable use ( gre5s & br[ns4 ,! surr\nd+s fitly prep>e u = ! c5tral gr\p ( f\r p]sons :o clu/] r\nd ! figure ( ! desolate k+4 ,x is "o ( ! extraord9>y effects ( ?is picture t ! accessories /rike ! obs]v] fir/1 & 9 _! m\rnful disposition prep>e him = ! *ief int]e/1 al?\gh bo? spiritually & actually1 ,ph>aoh & 8 att5dants hold ! c5tre ( ! canvas4 ,! k+ sits ^u a l[ /ool1 & across 8 knees lies ! sl5d] body ( 8 fir/-born4 ,! dead face ( ! almo/ nude y\? is indescribably sweet1 & ar\nd 8 neck hangs limply a /rangely-fa%ion$ gold5 *a91 probably be>+ "s amulet to %ield ! k+'s son f h>m4 ,! k+1 ^u ^: figure ! light falls1 we>s 8 cr[n1 ! brilliant jewels ( :i* seem to mock 8 helpless grief4 ,he sits rigid1 immovable1 ! /rong1 pr\d man w make no sign1 b !re is "o feature :i* ev5 8 p[]ful w _c control1 8 m\? trembles ev] s slightly1 s fa9tly t at fir/ x is n di/+ui%able4 ,b :at grief x expresses1 ?is fa9t indi/9ctness ( outl9e6 ,?is figure might be tak5 z ! embodim5t ( grief1 grief fix$ & immutable1 & l all true emotion1 truly express$1 ) n a h9t ( morbidness4 ,! "m sits ne>1 b[$ to ! e>? 9 h] sorr[4 ,%e1 too1 has /riv5 to be /rong1 & ev5 9 ?is outbur/ ( despair1 %[s self-re/ra9t4 ,at ! o!r side ( ,ph>aoh sits ! physician ^: p[]s h be5 useless 9 ?is combat4 ,outside ! temple door two figures approa*4 ,!y are ,moses & ,a>on com+ to behold _! "w4 ,?is is a truly m>vell\s picture1 & x is n /range t ,alma ,tadema reta9s x 9 8 own h&s4 ,x is s true1 s complex1 s alive1 t at e view1 ) e *ang+ light x reveals new features1 new aspects ( sorr[1 & yet ) its pr(undity ( sorr[ x is n too tragic to live )4 ,x is s true1 s human1 s beautiful1 & s deep1 t x does n repel4 ,ab\t ,alma ,tadema's art !re is no?+ false or /ra9$2 he is always heal?y1 !re is 9 8 nature no /ra9 ( morbidness1 & h5ce :atev] he pa9ts appeals direct to ! true/ feel+s1 :e!r he pa9ts ! glad1 s5su\s _w ( ! anci5ts1 or ! trag$ies :i* befell !m1 !re is nev] 9 8 "w ! sickly introspection1 ! hyp]-analysis ( mod]n days4 ,j z 9 8 ,t>qu9ius & ,emp]or1 ,alma ,tadema prov$ t he c\ld express trag$y1 s "h he has %[n conclusively t he c express pa?os & t he is possess$ ( a deep imag9ation1 :i*1 un=tunately1 he puts =? all too r>ely4 ,_h ,alma ,tadema creat$ b ?is "o sup]b "w he w\ld be among ! greate/ arti/s ( our "t4 ,?is ,dea? ( ! ,fir/-born is a true repres5tation ( ,egyptian life1 &1 z if to prove h[ accurate are ! arti/'s in/9cts1 x is notewor?y t he plac$ at ! feet ( ! dead a wrea? ( fl[]s :i* /rik+ly resembles a l g>l&1 f\nd t5 ye>s aft] ! picture 0 pa9t$1 9 ! royal tombs ( ,deir el ,bah>i4 ,meantime h[ev]1 z we h said1 he _h begun to pa9t g5re pictures ( ,greek & ,roman life1 & s num]\s are ^!1 s rapidly did he produce !m1 t x is impossible 9 our limit$ space to enum]ate ev5 ! mo/ important4 ,we h *os5 a few at r&om1 tak+ c>e h[ev] to select f among ! mo/ notewor?y4 ,"o ( 8 f9e/ e>ly ,roman pictures is1 beyond "q1 ! ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus1 9 :i* ,tadema has %[n :at tragic p[] he c\ld wield :5 he wi%$4 ,b 8 g5]al incl9ation leads him to let u see 8 m5 & wom5 m]ely z !y pres5t _! outw>d faces4 ,he c>es n to look beyond1 to appreh5d ! in=m+ int5tion1 ! psy*ic =ce ( 8 creations4 ,?is idiosyncrasy is bas$ on ! arti/'s "* :i* is s+ul>ly direct1 & to :i* introspection & analytic rese>* is di/a/eful4 ,( q a diff]5t "* is ! ,pyrrhic ,dance1 a wond]ful t\r de =ce4 ,we are made to feel t ^! ,dorian fight]s1 execut+ a w>-dance1 are heavily arm$1 & t x is only _! skill & agility :i* makes _! *oregraphic evolutions appe> light "u su* heavily h&icapp$ conditions4 ,inde$1 z we "k f hi/ory1 b few c\ld execute ) grace & skill ?is mimic w>rior arm\r game z ,plato calls x1 x might s easily become ridicul\s & x is n ! lea/ ( ,tadema's m]its 9 ?is canvas t he has treat$ x )\t ! lea/ t\* ( exagg]ation1 & ) a gravity & dignity t are truly admirable4 ,! ,v9tage1 pa9t$ j be=e ,tadema's removal to ,engl&1 is 9 "s respects "o ( 8 mo/ important & mo/ *>act]i/ic works4 ,x has be5 object$ t ,alma ,tadema is ess5tially a pa9t] ( repose4 ,to ?is picture z well z to ! ,pyrrhic ,dance ?is criticism _c be appli$4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes u z we look at ! "w is ! s5se ( motion & music :i* x imp>ts4 ,ano!r ( ! objections sometimes made to ,alma ,tadema's "w is t 8 m5 & wom51 b m especially 8 wom51 are n 9 accordance ) usually recogniz$ classical /&>ds4 ,8 fav\rite types are r ( ! heavy build t w\ld be connect$ m readily ) ,holl& ?an ) ,rome1 ?\gh 9 "s ( ! portrait bu/s ( empresses pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican1 & o!r sculpture gall]ies1 we see frequ5t prec$5ts = ?is pref]5ce1 a pref]5ce t became m & m emphasiz$ aft] ! arti/'s removal to ,engl&4 ,9 le>n+1 9 te*nical excell5ce1 9 ! rem>kable f9i% ( all ! multitud9\s details1 ! "w is admirable4 ,"h1 too1 he has n p]mitt$ ! details to di/ract our att5tion f ! ma9 int5tion ( ! picture2 we ?9k fir/ & la/ ( ! procession & put ! accessories1 correct & wond]fully pa9t$ ?\gh !y are1 into _! prop] arti/ic place4 ,alma ,tadema's pictures may at times seem to proclaim too l\dly ! equality ( all visible ?+s1 & ?is equal att5tion to ea* object sometimes prev5ts ! conc5tration ( our att5tion ^u ! c5tral po9t ( int]e/4 ,x is ?is peculi>ity :i* l$ ,rusk9 to make 8 savage & mo/ unfair onslaught ^u ! pa9t] 9 8 ,academy ,notes ( #ahge4 ,! ,sculpture ,gall]y1 a new] & m skilful v]sion ( a previ\s picture on ! same !me1 pa9t$ 9 #ahfd1 furni%$ ! tag ^u :i* ,rusk9 hung 8 attack4 ,?is lat] ,sculpture ,gall]y 0 ! companion to ! ,picture ,gall]y exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahgd1 :i* 0 aga9 a sort ( ext5sion ( an e>li] "w call$ ! ,roman ,amateur4 ,9 ! atrium ( a ,roman h\se1 a fat sw>?y ,roman1 a man ( little di/9ction1 no d\bt a n\veau ri*e ( 8 p]iod1 exhibits to 8 visitors a silv] /atue4 ,!re is an impressive pomposity ab\t 8 mann]1 z ?\gh he 7 dilat+ ^u ! /atue's intr9sic metallic wor? r ?an ^u its arti/ic m]its1 & 8 gue/s seem to be on ! level ( 8 own arti/ic ta/es4 ,9 ! two v]sions ( ! ,sculpture ,gall]y ?is idea is ext5d$4 ,9 ! fir/ v]sion ! fam\s ,lat]an /atue ( ,sophocles 0 introduc$1 & inde$ =ms ! c5tral po9t ( int]e/4 ,ar\nd x are gr\p$ ?ree ,romans1 "o woman & two m51 evid5tly eag]ly discuss+ its arti/ic m]its4 ,all ,tadema's f9e draughtsman%ip1 all 8 unique skill 9 ! pa9t+ ( luc5t surfaces is "h to ! =e4 ,! second ,sculpture ,gall]y 0 yet m elaborate 9 design & purpose4 ,! "w ( art exhibit$ 9 ?is in/ance is plac$ )9 a back %op ( ! epo*1 ! front t[>ds ! /reets be+ res]v$ = small] & less important objects4 ,a company ( ri* amateurs has evid5tly saunt]$ 9 to behold ! late/ acquisitions ( ! deal]4 ,a colossal vase1 pois$ ^u a revolv+ p$e/al1 is especially claim+ _! att5tion4 ,a slave sl[ly turns x r\nd t !y may view x 9 e light4 ,we "k him to be a slave by ! cresc5t-%ap$ tok5 he we>s susp5d$ f 8 neck4 ,! effect ( 9-door & out-door illum9ation1 & ( reflect$ light f ! %imm]+ surfaces ( ! objects 9 ! %op is r5d]$ ) sci5tific accuracy & r>e te*nical ability4 ,full ( +5i\s & mo/ difficult light effects1 too1 is ! ,picture ,gall]y1 9 :i* we see a cr[d ( noble ,roman dames & knights admir+ ! tripty*s ( ! p]iod :]e) ! walls are hung & ! easels load$4 ,?is !me1 ) consid]able v>iants1 _h be5 treat$ once be=e by ,tadema4 ,inde$1 he is fond ( repeat+ 8 initial idea 9 diff]5t %ape4 ,?is "t ! "w is call$ ,anti/ius ,labeon4 ,x repres5ts an amateur ,roman pa9t]1 a contempor>y ( ,vespasian1 %[+ (f 8 late/ productions to ! fri5ds :o h dropp$ into 8 /udio4 ,x seems1 s ,tadema tells u1 t ! g5tleman pa9t]1 :o 0 a ,roman pro-consul1 0 r look$ d[n ^u by 8 contempor>ies = 8 amateur ta/es4 ,x 0 ?\ght g5tlemanly 9 ^? days to admire art b n to practise x1 an idea t ev5 9 e>ly ,victorian days we f9d n q ext9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,at ,,! ,,%r9e ,,( ,,v5us4 ,x 0 on ^! two f9e works1 ,! ,sculpture ,gall]y & ,! ,picture ,gall]y1 t ,alma ,tadema's _w-wide reputation 0 fir/ bas$4 ,a great cont95tal deal] b\ght !m1 & z engrav+s z well z 9 ! widely exhibit$ orig9als !y became famili> to all lov]s ( ! beautiful4 ,f ?is "t onw>d ,alma ,tadema c\ld n pa9t fa/ en\gh to satisfy ! dem&s made ^u 8 bru%2 b ?is success only increas$ ! rigidity ( ! dem&s he made ^u himself4 ,! m successful ,alma ,tadema has be51 ! m consci5ti\s has he become1 a r>e quality1 & "o t _c be too highly prais$ or too mu* admir$4 ,8 passionate love ( col\r1 a passion t seems to h gr[n ^u him z "t pass$1 & z he ab&on$ m & m 8 e>li] dri] mann]1 f\nd expression aft] 8 election z associate to ! ,royal ,academy 9 a numb] ( small b mo/ p]fect little canvases t (t5 dealt ) no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 & to :i* ! arti/ 0 at times emb>rass$ to give names1 or ^: titles1 :5 f\nd1 7 n specially di/9ctive1 b :i* ea* 9 _! k9d 0 a p]fect gem ( te*nique ( radiant t9ts4 ,& aft] all1 :y ne$ a picture h a "n1 t\t prix8 ,:i/l] 0 n s wrong :5 he labell$ "s ( 8 works z ,symphonies & ,h>monies ( col\r4 ,su* titles w\ld be/ describe _m ( ,alma ,tadema's small] col\r creations4 ,& n[1 8 own l9e fully f\nd1 ,tadema work$ on /eadily1 )\t ha/e or pause4 ,9 a milieu f> di/ant inde$ f ! sc5e ( _! creation1 a ,london atmosph]e1 a ,london sky1 he caus$ to live aga9 = a :ile 9 effigy ! m5 & maid5s ( ,magna ,graecia1 ( ,rome1 ( ,p>!nope1 & above all ( ,sicily1 = ,tadema's out-door sc5es are too s\!rn 9 feel+ & 9 tone ev5 = ! fur!/ %ores ( ! ,p59sula1 & belong by rights to ! ,syr5 isle4 ,"h alone are f\nd ! uncl\d$ sapphire skies1 ! seas sun-ba!d & innoc5t ( angry waves1 ! luxuriant vegetation1 ! mad weal? ( roses t seem to spr+ by magic f ,tadema's bru%1 & are ! outcome ( 8 f]vid imag9ation t c behold ^! ?+s ) 8 m5tal vision :ile fog & grim w9t] are rag+ outside4 ,x is "o ( ,tadema's r>e & preci\s gifts t he c see 8 picture f9i%$ be=e he has put bru% to canvas4 ,x is ?is gift :i* makes x unnecess>y = him to execute ! usual am\nt ( sket*+1 inde$1 ,tadema may be said n to sket* at all2 x is ?is t l5ds to 8 h& 8 r>e security1 & ?is t helps t[>ds 8 precision ( execution4 ,ev]y?+ is cle>ly1 %>ply outl9$ 9 8 art4 ,8 canvases %[ no quiet1 slumb]\s di/ances1 no my/]i\s twilights ( life or nature4 ,all is evid5t1 all is di/9ct1 all %>ply def9$ z 9 ! m]idional l&scape t he loves1 & all ?is is r5d]$ ) t accuracy1 ) ^? small t\*es ( extreme %>pness1 :i* recall ! precise me?ods ( 8 ,dut* pictorial ance/ors4 ,^! are m]its1 b !y are m]its t also conta9 hidd5 )9 _! excell5ce ! g]ms ( :at by "s may be consid]$ z defects4 ,!re is apt to be a lack ( repose ab\t a picture ( ,alma ,tadema's1 our eye is n necess>ily l$ at once to ! c5tral purpose ( ! "w1 ea* action seems ( equal importance1 & is pa9t$ 9 ! same s*eme ( values4 ,z an example ( ,alma ,tadema's pa9/ak+1 & ( h[ he lets no tr\ble or exp5se /& 9 ! way ( mak+ 8 pictures j z p]fect z possible1 x may be m5tion$ t dur+ ! :ole ( ! w9t] :5 he 0 at "w on 8 ,heliogabalus ! arti/ s5t twice a week = boxes ( fre% roses f ! ,rivi]a4 ,?us ea* fl[] may be said to h be5 pa9t$ f a diff]5t model4 ,only once 9 8 life did ,alma ,tadema pa9t a life-size nude figure4 ,?is 0 ! "w call$ ,a ,sculptor's ,model4 ,x 0 inspir$ by ! ,v5us ( ! ,esquil9e1 !n b lately une>!d2 ! pa9t]'s int5tion 0 to %[1 z f> z possible1 ! conditions "u :i* su* a ma/]piece might h be5 creat$4 ,x 0 also pa9t$ z a model = 8 pupil ,john ,colli]1 "o ( ! v few pupils :om ,alma ,tadema has ev] receiv$ into 8 /udio4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t ,alma ,tadema at times pa9ts 9 wat] col\rs z well z 9 oils1 a m$ium he manipulates mo/ successfully1 & :i* l5ds itself mo/ admirably to 8 limpid effects ( sea & sky4 ,he has also ( late ye>s tak5 to portrait pa9t+4 ,8 wond]fully c>eful te*nique has "h full play1 & ! p]fection ( f9i% fills u ) admiration4 ,b1 despite _! m]its1 x is h>d to ?9k ( ^! portraits z ,alma ,tadema's2 ) 8 "n1 :e!r we w or no1 we are =c$ to associate blue skies1 placid seas1 spr+ fl[]s1 y\?s & maid5s 9 ! heyday ( life1 & a s5se ( old-_w happ9ess & di/ance f our less beautiful mod]n exi/5ce & surr\nd+s4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,alma ,,tadema ,x is =tunately n possible to def9e ) real precision ! position ,sir ,lawr5ce ,alma ,tadema occupies 9 art1 s9ce happily he is /ill liv+ & work+ among u--& long may he s live to turn out yet o!r scores ( sun-fill$ joy\s canvases1 speak+ to a we>y & h>d-driv5 g5]ation1 ( vani%$ & m placid times1 :5 exi/5ce 0 less re/less & m /hetically conceiv$6 ,nor1 ?\gh he has _h imitators by ! doz51 is x z yet possible to det]m9e ! exact nature ( ! influ5ce he has ex]t$ ^u ! art ( 8 age1 = ) r>e exceptions ^! imitators h turn$ out frigid1 lifeless works t be> ! same relation to ! ma/]'s /yle & mann] z oleographs be> to orig9al pa9t+s4 ,nei!r is x q possible to classify ,alma ,tadema's mann]4 ,a numb] ( influ5ces1 p>tly extrane\s1 or accid5tal1 p>tly ! result ( bir? & atavism1 h result$ 9 caus+ 8 art to be sui g5]is4 ,if he mu/ be class$ at all1 al?\gh a mu* y\ng] man1 he might be gr\p$ ) ^? arti/s :o came to ! =e on ! cont95t soon aft] ! upheav+ epo* ( #ahdh1 m5 :o endeav\r$ to revive ! m intimate life ( ,greece & ,rome ^u _! canvas1 & :o 9 ,france w5t by ! "n ( neo-,greeks or ,pompei/s4 ,?is tr5d 0 a reaction f ! old] classical s*ool t 0 head$ by ,jacques ,l\is ,david1 ^: productions 7 di/+ui%$ by a c]ta9 au/]e dignity ( conception1 by elaborate accuracy ( =m1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 7 g5]ally cold & unreal 9 s5tim5t1 unpleasantly monoton\s 9 col\r+1 & defective 9 _! arrangem5t ( light & %ade4 ,x has be5 mo/ felicit\sly rem>k$1 t if ,david may be nam$ ! ,corneille ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ,alma ,tadema may be said to be its ,s>d\4 ,he has made 8 anci5ts m liv+1 he has resuscitat$ !m ) less visible ef=t2 he seems to h an in/9ctive compreh5sion ( antiquity4 ,8 is n ! ,rome ( ,+res1 ( ,p\ss91 ( gr& public c]emonies1 ( battles1 ( ! ,=um & ! ro/rum1 ( actions t upheav$ ! _w2 he gives u in/ead ! home life ( ?is p1 ,rome su* z we div9e x to h be5 f ,cic]o's lett]s to ,atticus1 ! life ( ! anci5ts z pres5t$ to u 9 ! plays ( ,t]5ce & ,plautus4 ,x is n m]e hi/orical pa9t+ t he aims at1 inde$ 8 art be>s ! same relation to hi/ory z does ! anecdote to s]i\s n>rative1 a light] species :i* nev]!less (t5 ?r[s a bright] light ^u ! pa/ ?an scores ( le>n$ tomes4 ,& ?is result is l>gely a*iev$ by 8 love ( detail1 :i* causes him to cr[d 8 canvas ) masses ( ^? au!ntic bibelots :i* anci5t & rec5t excavations & ! aid ( photography h br\ght )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,! eld] classical pa9t]s ?\ght to r5d] _! "w m truly classical by plac+ _! protagoni/s 9 l>ge empty monum5tal spaces1 j z ,corneille & ,rac9e ?\ght to give ! true classical r+ to _! plays :5 !y remov$ !m f e-day emotions1 & roll$ out high-s\nd+ & rhetorical phrases4 ,alma ,tadema1 in/ead1 is conv9c$ t ^! dead-&-gone folk 7 9 all fundam5tal ess5tials l to ourselves1 t !y liv$1 lov$1 jok$ & *att]$ j z we d1 & ?is conviction has f\nd expression 9 8 pictures t deal less & less ) ! grav]1 gr&] mom5ts ( _! exi/5ce1 & m ) ! petty intimate details ( _! home life4 ,8 pictures might almo/ be said to be a s]ies ( in/antane\s reproductions ( ! life ( ! ,roman patricians4 ,! plebs h no int]e/ = him1 !y r>ely figure 9 8 canvases1 & :5 !y d _! figures are entirely subord9ate4 ,! ,roman ( ,alma ,tadema's pictures abides 9 a _w ( idle luxury1 9 :i* no?+ matt]s mu* unless x m9i/]s to s5su\s enjoym5t4 ,x is ! outw>d seem+ ( life & objects t attracts him1 _! inn] deep] mean+ matt]s to him z little z _! subject4 ,! life aim ( 8 m5 & wom5 seems to be to exi/ happily & placidly1 untr\bl$ by mat]ial c>es or di/urb+ emotions4 ,9 8 me?od ( compos+ 8 pictures ,alma ,tadema's mann] is also ! absolute anti!sis ( :at is commonly reg>d$ z ! classic me?od4 ,s f> is he f putt+ 8 pr9cipal p]sonages well into ! middle ( 8 canvas1 f foll[+ a pyramidal arrangem5t1 t 9 8 ef=t to be natural & unconv5tional1 he ev5 at times commits extravagances 9 ord] to escape f ! beat5 pa?1 z1 = example1 9 8 portrait ( ,dr4 ,epps1 9 :i* !re are %[n "o head & a bu/1 no arms1 b ?ree h&s1 ! ?ird be+ t ( ! unse5 pati5t ^: pulse ! physician is suppos$ to feel4 ,?is is an extreme in/ance1 b a t5d5cy to dismemb] 8 figures1 to %[ u only half a figure1 a deta*$ head1 a h& )\t a body1 a foot )\t a visible leg1 occurs e n[ & aga91 & n c]ta9ly to ! detrim5t ( a reali/ic effect1 b mo/ c]ta9ly to ! detrim5t ( composition z classically und]/ood4 ,?is t5d5cy1 no d\bt1 results f 8 love ( ,japanese art1 an art t has _h a visible influ5ce ^u 8 me?ods ( dispos+ 8 composition4 ,inde$1 x might almo/ be said t ,alma ,tadema does n compose 8 pictures at all4 ,he c]ta9ly does n d s accord+ to ! ord9>y acceptance ( ! t]m 9 art1 he r disposes 8 p]sonages ab\t 8 canvas1 app>5tly at haz>d1 mu* z !y might gr\p !mselves 9 real life4 ,b "u ?is seem+ neglig5ce1 is hidd5 great c>e1 imm5se pa9/ak+1 a /riv+ to give to 8 pictures _! maximum ( expressive =ce1 = 9 ,alma ,tadema's "w1 ev]y?+ z well z e p]son1 has its sugge/ive purpose4 ,z ,m4 de la ,siz]anne has well said1 few pa9t]s h less ( t elem5t :i* 9 ! j>gon ( ! /udio is kn[n z poids mort4 ,b ?is v m]it causes 8 pictures to lack conc5tration4 ,!re is no po9t on :i* our eye fixes at once z ! c5tral1 mo/ important1 & ! mean+ ( ! :ole may (t5 be hidd5 9 "s accessory t ! ord9>y obs]v] is apt to ov]look4 ,?us1 = example1 9 "o ( 8 ,claudius s]ies is se51 pois$ on a cippus1 a head ( ,augu/us1 dom9at+ z x 7 ! :ole bloody1 r[dy1 undignifi$ sc5e4 ,h[ _m :o see ! "w h rem>k$ t ! bu/ is turn$ t[>d a picture t repres5ts a naval engagem5t1 & t und]nea? ?is picture is writt5 ! s+le ^w ,actium1 sugge/ive ( a va/ anti!sis4 ,subtle little t\*es su* z ^! (t5 r5d] ,alma ,tadema's m important works a puzzle to ^? unv]s$ 9 classic lore1 & oblige u to class him1 if class$ he mu/ be1 among ! erudite arti/s ^: roots are plant$ 9 ! soil ( lit]ature4 ,yet1 surely1 if !re exi/s a doma9 :]e erudition %\ld take a second>y place x is t ( art1 :i* %>es ) poetry ! high privilege ( so>+ s high z to h ! "r to disda9 ! m]e m9utiae ( hi/ory1 ! petty details ( life4 ,happily1 ,alma ,tadema is sav$ f be+ a cold1 unattractive antiqu>ian pa9t] by 8 r>e ke5 s5se ( beauty1 & "h aga9 we come 9 contact ) ! difficulty ( rang+ him z we might range 8 pseudo-classic bre?r54 ,! spectator :o misses ! allusions1 ! mean+ ( 8 subject-pictures1 nev]!less f9ds matt] = full & int5se enjoym5t z he contemplates ! lovely fabrics1 ! cool half-%ades1 ! cle> sunlight1 ! exquisite fl[]s1 ! heat-saturat$ sea & sky1 ! m>bles & ! bric--brac t appe> on almo/ e canvas1 & are pa9t$ ) a skill1 a consummate sci5ce t captivates ! connoisseur1 & ) a reality t delights ! un9/ruct$ cr[d4 ,briefly1 ,alma ,tadema's d\ble nationality1 8 ,dut* bir?1 8 long ,engli% resid5ce1 c\pl$ ) 8 classic ta/es1 8 admiration = ! ,japanese1 h contribut$ to r5d] 8 art a curi\s complex ( conflict+ t5d5cies1 t5d5cies t 9 !mselves are aga9 weld$ into a h>moni\s :ole by ! idiosyncrasy ( ! man4 ,we seem to feel1 ev5 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 pictures1 8 k9d-he>t$ness1 8 quick appreciation ( all t is good & beautiful1 8 dislike ( my/]y1 ( va9 se>*+s 9 d>k m5tal places1 8 love ( sun%9e1 moral & real4 ,o!rs might pa9t 8 portraits z well1 b none c pa9t ^? exquisite s\!rn idylls ( :i* su* numb]s h issu$ f 8 bru% & bra94 ,he has be5 call$ ! pa9t] ( repose4 ,i %\ld r be incl9$ to /yle him ! pa9t] ( gladness1 ( ! joy ( life4 ,! arti/ic _w has c]ta9ly be5 r5d]$ ! sunni] by 8 works4 ,,our ,,illu/rations ,among/ ! _m fam\s & popul> pictures by ,alma ,tadema x is a little difficult to "k :i* to select1 & our object has be5 to make a repres5tative collection1 :ile avoid+ ^? :i* are already famili> to all ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( ! pr9t %ops4 ,a "w t %[s him 9 "o ( 8 mo/ tragic mom5ts1 a mood he does n (t5 exhibit1 = ?is ma/] ( sunny nature pref]s to pa9t sunny !mes1 is ! ,ave ,caes>6 ,i ,saturnalia6 ,! /ory ( ,caligula's tragic end+ & ! election ( ,claudius z ,emp]or seems to h _h a curi\s attraction = ! arti/4 ,he pa9t$ ! !me ?ree times1 ?\gh ) consid]able v>iants1 fir/ z ! ,claudius1 !n z ,! ,roman ,emp]or1 & f9ally1 & 9 its f9e/ v]sion1 z ! ,ave ,caes>6 ,i ,saturnalia6 ,! fir/ ( ! s]ies on ! subject simply /yl$ ,claudius ?\gh full ( life1 solemnity & graphic =ce1 0 surpass$ by its successors1 into :i* ! arti/ infus$ m ( 8 wond]ful g5ius = ar*ological indiv9ation4 ,?is fir/ ,claudius belong$ to a set ( pictures ord]$ f ,alma ,tadema by ! deal] ,m4 ,gamb>t4 ,! second1 ,! ,roman ,emp]or1 0 pa9t$ aft] 8 removal to ,london4 ,9 ?is new v]sion ,alma ,tadema also adopt$ a s*eme ( col\r t 0 absolutely new to him1 to ! con/]nation1 x is said1 ( "s ( 8 cli5ts1 :o saw 9 ?is dep>ture an al>m+ t5d5cy t[>ds pre-,raphaelitism4 ,accord+ to !m x 0 di/9ctly unfair to ! public = ?is arti/ to *ange 8 /yle4 ,:]e 7 ! :ite m>bles1 ! dresses ( pale1 s(t t9ts to :i* !y 7 accu/om$ 9 8 canvases8 ,"h he _h boldly introduc$ a girl ( ! ,roman p ) hair ( pure copp] t9ts1 & ev5 ! corpse 0 clad 9 a dress ( brilliant blue & vivid purple1 :ile ! purity ( ! m>ble pavem5t 0 /a9$ n only ) ! blood ( ! sla91 b 0 also a confusion ( re/less col\r$ mosaics t di/ract$ ! eye f ! picture's ma9 purpose4 ,criticism wax$ hot ar\nd ?is canvas :i* seem$ to ?reat5 a revolution 9 ! arti/'s me?ods4 ,b x 0 only a pass+ phase & prov$ ( no real import4 ,alma ,tadema's pictures cont9u$ z be=e to be di/+ui%$ by a c]ta9 calm & maje/ic solemnity1 su* z suits be/ ! ,roman p :om by *oice he repres5t$4 ,/ill ?is ?ird & f9e/ v]sion ( ! ,claudius /ory c sc>cely be class$ among 8 calm] works4 ,x is dramatic & full ( movem5t4 ,= brilliant col\r+1 = vigor\s draw+1 = its admirable ar*ological v]ity ?is picture is di/+ui%$ ev5 among ,alma ,tadema's _m di/+ui%$ works4 ,note too t x is pa9t$ 9 proportions s small z w\ld h>dly suffice a latt]-day ,italian arti/ = ! depict+ ( a caulifl[]4 ,b ,alma ,tadema1 f> f ?9k+ t a canvas mu/ be l>ge 9 proportion to ! importance ( 8 subject1 is ( ! op9ion t m9ute dim5sions t5d to excite ! imag9ation & give to a "w a m poetic & ideal "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ave ,c,,s>6 ,,io ,,saturnalia4 ,9 ?is ,ave ,caes>6 ,i ,saturnalia6 we look ^u ! man ^: suppos$ imbecility sav$ him f ! cruel fate to :i* ,caligula subject$ 8 relations1 f\nd by ! soldi]y 9 a corn] ( ! palace :]e he _h hid himself 9 8 dread1 a hid+ place :5ce ! ,praetorians dragg$ him =? & proclaim$ him _! rul]4 ,we see ! elect$ ,emp]or1 8 face blan*$ ) t]ror1 hold+ = support to ! curta9 :i* has lately hid 8 trembl+ =m f ! pursu+ soldi]s & ! populace4 ,^! ironically salute him z ,imp]ator4 ,especially obsequi\s & excell5t 9 r5d]+ is ! figure ( ! gu>d :o has drawn aside ! heavy drap]y4 ,a confus$ heap ( corpses1 all t is left ( ^? :o h be5 sla9 9 def5ce ( _! murd]$ ma/]1 litt] ! m>ble pavem5t4 ,above !m1 laurel cr[n$1 smile d[n 9 m>ble indiff]5ce ! portrait bu/s ( o!r ,caes>s n[ dead & gone to _! acc\nt4 ,9 ! f> corn] is huddl$ ! populace m+l$ ) ! lance-be>+ soldi]s4 ,!y are s>ca/ically amus$ by ,claudius's undignifi$ election to ! great ,roman ?rone4 ,trag$y & com$y are mo/ felicit\sly fus$4 ,fur!rmore1 wond]ful ?\gh ! details be1 z !y always are ) ,alma ,tadema1 9 ?is case ! accessories d n )draw our att5tion = "o mom5t f ! human int]e/4 ,m>bles & drap]ies1 metals & fl[]s1 ?\gh s p]fectly r5d]$1 take _! natural place 9 ! composition )\t detract+ f ! c5tral int]e/4 ,& yet h[ exquisite 9 _! ar*ological & /hetic p]fection are ^! accessories4 ,no wond] t 9 a picture f ,alma ,tadema's h& we look q z mu* = ! m>bles1 ! hang+s1 ! /uffs1 ! mosaics1 ! trees1 & ! fl[]s1 z = ! faces ( 8 creations4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem at times z ?\gh he _h pa9t$ ^! accessories ) ev5 m c>e ?an he be/[$ ^u 8 m5 & wom51 z if !y int]e/$ him m4 ,inde$1 :]e fl[]s are conc]n$ ,alma ,tadema seems to give to !m an inn] life1 a v physiognomy1 8 fl[]s are inimitable1 bo? z sugge/ions & z realities4 ,ev5 9 ! *oice made x is q rem>kable h[ !re is always a peculi> fitness to ! picture's !me4 ,is !re n1 = example1 to note b a few in/ances1 a tragic impress ab\t ! poppy b$s 9 8 picture ( ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus8 ,h n 8 r$ & p9k ole&]s a bloom & blu% z fitt+ z t on ! faces ( ! "y lov]s !y %ade8 ,d n ! cypresses & ! /one p9es 9 8 ,improvisatore adumbrate all ! solemn m\rnfulness ( a ,roman g>d58 ,is !re n a s5sual note 9 ! prodigality ( roses t inundates 8 ,heliogabalus8 ,are !y n almo/ ar* 9 8 ,love's ,missile1 9 ,%y1 to "n b a few ( ! _m pictures 9 :i* trees & fl[]s figure z ! v embodim5t ( ! summ] ( life & nature4 ,inde$1 s exquisitely1 s sup]bly pa9t$ are ^! fl[]s t 9 "s ( ,alma ,tadema's m9or pictures !y actually assume ! upp] h&1 ?\gh ( c\rse unconsci\sly to ! pa9t]1 & become ! protagoni/s 9 ! composition4 ,!re is "o picture :i* he calls simply ,ole&]s1 %[+ t he recogniz$ himself h[ ! fl[]s _h impress$ 8 imag9ation & ga9$ prec$5ce ov] ! human be+s ) :om !y 7 associat$4 ,tadema's fl[]s are v poems1 & _h he pa9t$ no?+ b ^! he w\ld h be5 a great arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spr+4 ,x 0 ( c\rse inevitable t :5 he *ose ,spr+ z 8 !me ! composition %\ld be ri* 9 ! del9eation ( su* blossoms4 ,9 ?is picture all ! p]fum$ pr(usion ( a s\!rn ,may is summ$ up )9 ! space ( "o little canvas4 ,a bevy ( matrons1 maid5s & *ildr5 prec$es :at 0 probably an ecclesia/ical procession4 ,!y w5d _! way ?r\gh ! m>ble-pav$ /reets ( ,imp]ial ,rome to "s temple %r9e1 !re9 to celebrate ! rites ( joy due to ! newly awak5$ season4 ,fl[]-cr[n$ are ! fair human blossoms1 fl[]-lad5 _! g>m5ts1 fl[]-fill$ ! (f]+-platt]s !y are ab\t to lay on ! alt> ( ! god4 ,! h\se-tops1 ^? fair flat h\se-tops ( ,s\!rn ,italy1 ! spaces betwe5 ! columns1 ! loggias & ! porticoes1 are cr[d$ ) eag] spectators4 ,^!1 too1 are fl[]-wrea!d & fl[]-lad54 ,joy-fill$1 spr+-intoxicat$1 !y ra9 d[n ^u ! gay procession b5ea?1 posies & blossoms 9 glad & multi-col\r$ abundance4 ,m>ble & fl[]s1 sun%9e & blue skies1 all life's gladness is "h embodi$ by a pa9t]'s lov+ bru%4 ,& h[ easy x all looks4 ,we feel z if ! pa9t] _h j ?r[n all ?is lovely pr(usion ) rapid h& ^u ! canvas4 ,b ^? :o h ! privilege ( kn[+ ,alma ,tadema intimately & h wat*$ ! g5esis ( 8 pictures1 wat*$ !m z !y gr[ f "u 8 bru%1 "k h[ long & pati5tly he work$ at ?is v canvas :i* gives an effect ( spontaneity z ?\gh creat$ d'un seul jet4 ,aga9 & aga9 did he scrape d[n 8 "w1 eras+ recklessly ! mo/ exquisite little figures1 ! mo/ p]fectly modell$ heads1 because !y fail$ to satisfy ! exig5cies ( ! pa9t]4 ,h5ce 9 ?is f9i%$ =m ! ,spr+ repres5ts ! "w ( two or ?ree pictures4 ,& ?is is con/antly ! case 9 ,alma ,tadema's pa9t+s4 ,f ea* canvas has be5 eras$ "s gem1 "u ea* picture is hidd5 "s exquisite detail1 pa9t$ ov] reg>dlessly by ! arti/2 no matt] h[ lovely x may be 9 itself1 if x fails to fit into ! ensemble x is always de/roy$4 ,h5ce !re is 9 8 pictures no corn] or space t is neglect$ or ha/ily block$ 94 ,all is z p]fect z he kn[s h[ to make x1 & ,i h he>d him say1 n r>ely1 t a little glimpse ( sky1 "s little peep into ! op51 has giv5 him z mu* lab\r z ! entire picture4 ,= ?is excessive scrupul\sness1 ?is difficulty to be satisfi$ ) 8 own "w ,alma ,tadema has (t5 be5 criticis$ by critics4 ,q unju/ly s1 surely4 ,)\t ?is quality half ( 8 p[] w\ld be abs5t4 ,x is due to ?is great att5tion to detail1 ?is ceaseless se>*+ aft] ev] great] p]fection1 t ,alma ,tadema has made = himself a /yle ( 8 own4 ,?us1 = example1 :5 he p]ceiv$ t 8 col\r+ 0 too sombre1 he re=m$ x by d9t ( dilig5ce & c>e4 ,he has nev] deceiv$ himself reg>d+ 8 own limitations--= :o has n limitations1 ev5 among ! greate/8--nor has he ev] juggl$ ) 8 /hetic consci5ce4 ,an emancipation f ! conv5tional codes t is almo/ ,japanese is ano!r feature ( 8 "w4 ,alma ,tadema does n hesitate to %[ u "s ( 8 p]sonages z /&+ half outside ! canvas1 or cut ?r\gh mid-body1 or /rangely plac$ 9 corn]s1 or at ! edge ( ! composition4 ,nei!r does he deem x ne$ful t ! pr9cipal action1 z laid d[n by academic canons1 %\ld be plac$ 9 ! v c5tre ( ! picture4 ,x is ?is t gives ! unusual note to _m ( 8 compositions1 t 0 unusual 9 ! days :5 !y 7 /ill unkn[n1 = s9ce ^? days 8 "w has be5 subject$ to t imitation :i* ! old prov]b tells u is ! s9c]e/ =m ( flatt]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,audi5ce ,,at ,,agrippa's4 ,/]n] & m /ately ?an ,spr+1 inde$ gr& 9 its conception & execution1 is ,an ,audi5ce at ,agrippa's1 9 :i* a :ole hi/oric epo* is cry/alliz$ & r5d]$ concrete4 ,"h fidelity to ar*ological tru? has b enhanc$ ! importance ( ! sc5e & help$ to ?r[ x into prom95ce2 nor are ! details unduly emphasiz$ to ! detrim5t ( ! :ole4 ,9 "s respects ?is is "o ( ,tadema's be/ conceiv$ & mo/ satisfactorily execut$ pictures4 ,f an atrium on a high level1 d[n a broad flight ( /eps1 maje/ically desc5ds ,m>cus ,vipsanius ,agrippa1 ! greate/ & mightie/ burgh] ( 8 day4 ,he is clad 9 imp]ial r$1 & /&s out m>vell\sly aga9/ ! :ite m>ble ( ! /airs4 ,8 face is set ) a look ( /]n det]m9ation t speaks ( unb5d+ w4 ,he is foll[$ by a cr[d ( p]sons1 "s ( :om are /ill b[+1 ?\gh ,agrippa has pass$ by4 ,^u ! l&+ at ! bottom ( ! /airs--a m>vel ( blue mosaics ) a tig] sk9 ly+ across x--!re is a table4 ,on ?is /&s a silv] ,m>s & mat]ials = writ+1 = ! use ( two scribes /&+ beh9d x4 ,note ! "* 9 ^! heads1 ! close-cropp$ hair t d5otes _! s]vile rank1 ! cr++ salute1 ea* try+ to outbid ! o!r 9 humility ( mann]4 ,j be=e ^! figures1 at ! foot ( ! /aircase1 /&s ! _w-fam$ ,vatican /atue ( ,augu/us ,imp]ator1 ! only man ^: supremacy pr\d ,agrippa w\ld ackn[l$ge1 8 device be+1 ,to obey 9 ma/]ly fa%ion1 b ob$i5ce to "o p]son only4 ,bel[ ?is /atue1 :]e ! /aircase seems to turn at ! l&+1 is ano!r gr\p4 ,^! ?ree suitors1 fa!r1 son1 & daught]1 are ab\t to r5d] a gift to accompany _! petition1 = !y "k x is well to conciliate ev5 ! weal?y ) gifts4 ,beh9d ! :ole %imm]s "o ( ^? wond]ful effects ( light & sky t ,tadema r>ely fails to introduce4 ,l 8 ,dut* ance/ors1 he is nev] happy unless he c get "s peep into ! op5 ?r\gh a w9d[ or a t]race4 ,he welcomes any device by :i* is accompli%$ an outlet to ! sky1 produc+ ?us an enhanc$ s5se ( space & atmosph]e4 ,! great] "p ( ?is picture 0 pa9t$ 9 #ahge1 :5 ! arti/ sp5t ! w9t] 9 ,rome1 be+ driv5 out ( ,engl& by ! wreck ( 8 lovely h\se 9 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,i well rememb] ^? days 9 ! ,et]nal ,city1 & "o little incid5t connect$ ) ?is picture illu/rates a delightful trait 9 ,alma ,tadema's "* & 8 naive enjoym5t ( 8 own "w4 ,he _h f9i%$ ! tig] sk9 :i* lies at ! foot ( ! /airs1 & 9 8 delight ov] its successful a*ievem5t1 he ask$ me 9 boyi% glee1 ,don't y see him wag 8 tail8 ,ev5 9 ! indoor picture call$ ,an ,e>?ly ,p>adise 7see frontispiece71 ! s5se ( atmosph]e & space is n abs5t4 ,! tale is "h told ) direct simplicity1 a "y "m ador+ h] fir/born z mo!rs h done s9ce "t began4 ,! dress1 ! furniture1 ! surr\nd+s are classic1 ! s5tim5t is ( all times & all ages4 ,a ,read+ f ,hom] 7see illu/ration1 p4 #af7 reproduces "s ( ,tadema's fav\rite devices1--a m>ble semicircul> b5*1 a di/ant glimpse ( tranquil sapphire seas1 lu/r\s g>m5ts1 & fl[]-wrea!d *>act]s4 ,) eag] en?usiasm ! read] seat$ on 8 *air recites f a roll ( papyrus t re/s ^u 8 knees4 ,( 8 f\r auditors only ! woman1 daffodil-wrea!d1 sits ^u ! m>ble ex$ra4 ,"o h& re/s ^u a tamb\r9e1 beside :i* is flung a bun* ( fl[]s4 ,! o!r holds t ( a y\? :o sits ^u ! gr\nd beside h]4 ,8 o!r h& t\*es a lyre idly1 b )\t s\nd1 8 entire int]e/ is c5tr$ ^u ! recit]1 ^: words he foll[s ) ! eyes ( 8 s\l & ( 8 intellect4 ,yet ano!r y\? lies prone ^u ! m>ble floor1 8 *9 re/+ ^u 8 h&4 ,he1 too1 gazes 9 entranc$ wond] z he li/5s to ! immortal v]ses ( ! ,hell5ic b>d4 ,on ! left /&s ano!r figure1 also fl[]-g>l&$ & wrapp$ 9 a toga4 ,8 face reveals t 81 too1 is a ke5 appreciation ( ! p[] ( ! words be+ recit$4 ,r>ely has ev5 ,tadema's magic bru% pa9t$ a m lum9\s "w1 s sugge/ive ( sunlight1 s truly transfigur$ & remote f life's gross] mom5ts4 ,"h1 too1 8 fle% treatm5t is above 8 own high av]age4 ,! modell+ ( ! woman's figure & ( ! lov] is especially f9e4 ,x seems incr$ible1 & yet x is true1 t ?is composition1 a l>ge "o = ,alma ,tadema1 ) its five figures & innum]able accessories1 0 entirely pa9t$ 9 ! brief space ( two mon?s4 ,/ill1 ?\gh complet$ 9 s %ort a "t1 ! prelim9>y /udies1 includ+ an ab&on$ picture1 :i* 0 to h be5 call$ ,plato1 fill$ eight mon?s ( close application4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sappho4 ,n unlike 9 g5]al treatm5t & 9 g5]al purpose to ! ,read+ f ,hom] is ! picture simply entitl$ ,sappho4 ,9 ord] to prop]ly compreh5d ?is "w1 h[ev]1 "s k ( ! life /ory ( ! ,greek poetess is requir$4 ,n a few visitors to ! ,royal ,academy1 :]e ! picture 0 exhibit$1 imag9$1 ) p>donable inaccuracy1 t ! seat$ figure play+ ! lute1 & :i* c]ta9ly1 at fir/ sight1 seems ! mo/ prom95t1 fill$ ! title role4 ,in/ead1 ?is is ,alcaeus1 ! man :o desir$ to ga9 ! support ( ! mighty & gift$ ,sappho1 = a political s*eme ( :i* he 0 ! *ief promot]4 ,b besides be+ a political rhym]1 ,alcaeus 0 also ,sappho's lov]1 & z he is "h r5d]$1 x is ! lov] :o is mo/ emphasiz$4 ,sappho h]self sits beh9d a species ( desk1 on :i* re/s ! wrea?1 b\nd ) rib&s1 t 0 ! cr[n ( poets4 ,%e is rob$ 9 pale gre5 & gray1 & 9 accordance ) tradition1 h] rav5 black hair is fillet$ ) violets4 ,beside h] /&s a "y girl1 h] daught]1 a sweetly graceful =m1 less lovely ?an ! "m1 b sugge/ive ( maid5hood's en*antm5ts4 ,! poetess is seat$ on ! l[e/ ti] ( ! m>ble triple-r[$ ex$ra1 on :i*1 at a respectful di/ance1 are also dispos$ "s ( ! pupils ( h] s*ool4 ,d>k1 wide-bran*$ fir trees spread _! cr[ns above ?is b5*4 ,we are made to realize t _! trunks are root$ f> bel[1 !re :]e ! deep blue sea1 %imm]+ 9 ! backgr\nd1 laps ! e>? t supports ?is sc5e4 ,?r\gh ! bran*es is se5 ! sky1 a sky ( pure/ sapphire1 a blue di/9ct f t ( ! tideless tranquil ocean1 b no less glori\s or int5se4 ,n[h]e p]haps bett] ?an "h has ,tadema reproduc$ ! effects ( summ] seas & skies 9 _! brilliant ard\r1 _! palpitat+ delicacy ( hue & texture4 ,! v air t p]vades ! picture is hot & light1 saturat$ & quiv]+ ) ! quick5+ pulsation ( a s\!rn sun4 ,! intimate life ( ! ,roman wom5 has (t5 attract$ ,alma ,tadema's bru%4 ,we see ?is aga9 & aga9 9 ,well-protect$ ,slumb]1 9 ,quiet ,pets1 9 ,dep>ture1 ! sc5e sugge/$ by ,!ocritus's fifte5? ,idyll1 9 ,! ,ba?1 9 ,apodyt]ium 7or wom5's disrob+-room71 & x is also acc5tuat$ 9 ! ,%r9e ( ,v5us1 a sc5e 9 a ,roman hairdress]'s %op4 ,?is picture 0 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahhi1 :]e x attract$ consid]able att5tion1 n only because ( ! p]fection ( its pa9t+1 ! beauty ( m>bles & metals & textiles1 ! ri*ness ( its s(t1 full col\r1 its yell[s & blues1 b because ( ! ma/]ly skill ) :i* ! human figures 7 pa9t$ 7see illu/ration1 p4 #cb74 ,two beautiful "y girls1 "o await+ h] turn to be coiffe1 c>ess+ ! masses ( h] ?ick1 d>k1 loos5$ hair1 ! o!r already dress$1 l+]+ to gossip ) h] fri5d1 are recl9+ on a m>ble b5*4 ,^! are s entirely absorb$ 9 _! own beauty t !y pay b slight att5tion to ! entrance ( a tall1 simply attir$ matron1 :o1 glanc+ inquir+ly 9 _! direction1 passes on to an inn] ap>tm5t4 ,9 sweep+ by %e has c>elessly pluck$ "o f a mass ( blossoms heap$ ^u a col\r$ m>ble table 9 ! out] %op1 & h] h&1 hold+ ! fl[]1 falls heavily beside ! w>m :ite folds ( h] g[n4 ,at ! op5 lunette %op w9d[1 expos+ to view coils & twi/s ( hair1 "s att5dants are di/ribut+ vases & lotions to ! cu/om]s1 ^: heads appe> above ! m>ble balu/rade1 on :i* /&s a deep blue vase1 encru/$ ) exquisite enamel figures4 ,! figure ( ! att5dant :o is rea*+ d[n an alaba/] pot is especially graceful & free 9 poise4 ,al?\gh ! m>ble scre51 surm\nt$ by flut$ columns1 & ! lunette w9d[ are slic$ (f at ! top1 ! picture gives no impression ( conf9em5t4 ,?is s5se ( space is increas$ by ! rim ( a m>ble bas9 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd1 ! recl9+ figures :i* l[] ! eye level1 & ! skilful introduction ?r\gh ! op5 w9d[1 above ! heads ( ! pass]s-by1 ( ! entrance columns & intricate faade ( an adjo9+ build+4 ,! triangle ( blue sky & ! blue glass vase /&+ out aga9/ ! di/ant columns ( ! build+ across ! squ>e =m "o ( ,alma ,tadema's _m happy comb9ations4 ,9 "s respects ! mo/ important picture pa9t$ by ,alma ,tadema ( late ye>s is call$ ,! ,coliseum1 :i* excit$ wond]+ praise = its ma/]ly h&l+1 its col\r s*eme1 its ar*ological k1 :5 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahif4 ,atta*$ to ! title 9 ! catalogue 0 ?is motto f ,"l ,byron's ,don ,juan t gave ! keynote to t :i* ! arti/ desir$ to express3 ,& "h ! buzz ( eag] nations ran ,9 murmur$ pity1 or l\d-ro>$ applause1 ,z man 0 slaught]$ by 8 fell[ man1 ,& :]e=e slaught]$1 :]e=e1 b because ,su* 7 ! bloody circus' g5ial laws1 ,& ! ,imp]ial pleasure4 ,:]e=e n8 ,dom9at+ ! :ole picture1 & occupy+ m ?an half ( its canvas1 is ! huge ,flavian ,amphi!atre colloquially kn[n ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w z ! ,coliseum4 ,ev5 9 ! title !re=e 9 ?is case ! inanimate object takes ! fir/ place1 relegat+ to a second>y rank ! human int]e/4 ,v wond]fully does ! arti/ convey to our eyes a s5se ( ! gigantic bulk & height ( ! huge ,amphi!atre1 & ) accurate ar*ological k has he recon/ruct$ its =m ^u 8 canvas4 ,"h are its two ti]s ( arcades1 ^: ar*es1 we le>n f ! evid5ce ( tradition1 inscriptions & anci5t co9s1 7 fill$1 z 9 ! pa9t+1 ) gr\ps ( colossal :ite m>ble /atues4 ,above ^! arcades rose a s]ies ( pila/]s1 & above ^! aga91 support$ on ! topmo/ p>apet1 7 /\t poles t held ! vel>ium or canvas awn+ :i* %elt]$ f ! sun or ra9 ! ?\s&s ( spectators ga!r$ to witness ! bloody de$s :i* took place 9 ! ar5a bel[4 ,^! support+ poles /& out di/9ct aga9/ ! gl[+ sky1 a sky always introduc$ if possible by ,alma ,tadema4 ,! h\r *os5 is late aft]noon1 :5 f out ! ,amphi!atre p\r ! ?\s&s :o h lately ?rong$ ! ti]s ^u ti]s ( seats t surr\nd$ ! ar5a1 high function>ies & prolet>iat1 t5d]-born ladies & wom5 ( ! m>ket-place1 all equally eag] to witness ! orgies ( blood t 7 "h enact$4 ,outside ! broad walk t encircl$ ! ,amphi!atre /ood ! fam\s ,ba?s ( ,titus1 second only 9 magnific5ce to ! ,coliseum itself4 ,alma ,tadema has imag9$ = x a balcony ( :ite m>ble1 rais$ high above ! road4 ,on its p>apet /& tall wide-m\!d sculptur$ vases1 connect$ toge!r ) ?ick fe/oons ( yell[ daffodils prov+ t ! season ( ! ye> is ,alma ,tadema's fav\rite "o ( e>ly spr+4 ,a nude bronze /atue ( a nymph wrea?+ h] tresses1 9 accordance ) ! usages ( ! ,ba?s1 cr[ns ! p>apet ( ! balcony4 ,ar\nd h] feet too1 are tw9$ ! wrea?s ( yell[ fl[]s t give su* a sunny note to ! :ole s*eme ( col\r4 ,two ladies & a *ild h tak5 up _! /ation on ?is fe/ively decorat$ p>apet1 evid5tly come ?i!r to witness "s spectacle ( q unusual importance t has call$ to ! ar5a n only ! populace1 b ev5 ! ,consul himself1 :o1 prec$$ by 8 cli5ts1 & att5d$ by 8 lictors1 is se5 issu+ f ! ma9 exit ( ! ,coliseum1 :i* 0 almo/ 9 front ( ! ,ba?s4 ,to keep ! way cle> = ! gr&ees1 "s gu>ds are r\ghly pu%+ back ! d5se cr[d t is pack$ on ei!r side ( ! roadway4 ,yet ano!r cr[d is issu+ f ! side door ( ! ,coliseum4 ,?is mob is *iefly compos$ ( plebs1 ?\gh among !m are m+l$ palanqu9 be>]s ply+ = hire4 ,yet fur!r (f aga9 is se5 ! ,ar* ( ,con/ant9e & ! fam\s goal kn[n z ! ,meta ,sudans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,coliseum4 ,x is n q evid5t :at x is t *iefly int]e/s ^! lady spectators4 ,we are told t ! d>k-hair$ & eld] ( ! two is ! little girl's "m4 ,= safety's sake %e plucks at ! *ild's g[n = fe> ! little "o 9 h] excitem5t %\ld fall ov] ! l[ p>apet4 ,! y\ng] lady is m eag] 9 h] int]e/4 ,%e1 :o is suppos$ to be ! *ild's gov]ness1 has evid5tly recogniz$ "s "o1 fri5d or lov]1 9 ! cr[d imm$iately bel[ to :om ! *ild is excit$ly po9t+4 ,! ,a!num1 :5 describ+ ?is picture on its fir/ exhibition1 wrote conc]n+ x3 ,x w\ld be difficult to d ju/ice to ! bread?1 brilliance & homog5eity 79 spite ( its innum]able details7 ( ?is spl5did picture4 ,! pa9t+ ( ! m9ute/ ornam5ts1 ! folds ( ! ladies' g>m5ts1 ev5 ! huge fe/oons we h ref]r$ to1 & ! delicate sculptor's "w ( ! vases & m\ld+s on ! balcony are equally notewor?y4 ,ev5 m to be admir$ are ! faces1 ( :i* t ( ! maid5 9 blue is und\bt$ly ! sweete/ & fre%e/ ( all ,mr4 ,alma ,tadema's imag9+s4 ,h] companion 7! m /ately matron7 :o we>s a diadem ( silv] 9 h] black hair1 illu/rates a pure ,greek type ( :i* ! pa9t] has giv5 u sev]al examples1 b none s f9e z ?is "o1 :i* is v skilfully reliev$ aga9/ ! peacock fan ( gorge\s col\rs :i* %e holds 9 h] h&4 ,x is easy to imag9e t 9 h] noble _s "s ?\ght ( ! victims ( ! ,amphi!atre arose1 :i* expla9s ! pa9t]'s int5tion 9 *oos+ ! motto ( ! ,coliseum4 ,! picture is c]ta9ly 9 e respect wor?y ( ,alma ,tadema's high reputation & is a p]fect example ( 8 /yle1 a brilliant "w1 true & complete 9 e t\*4 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,pictures ,,by ,,sir ,,lawr5ce ,,alma ,,tadema ,,) ,,! ,,names ,,( ,,_! ,,own]s ,,z ,,f> ,,z ,,c ,,be ,,asc]ta9$ ,clotilde at ! ,tomb ( ,h] ,gr&*ildr54 ,m4 ,jules ,v]spreeuw54 ,education ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ,clovis4 ,h4,m4 ,k+ ( ! ,belgians4 ,v5antius4 ,a4 ,g4 ,hill1 ,esq4 ,=tunatus & ,radegonda4 ,a4 ,g4 ,hill1 ,esq4 ,gon?ran ,bose4 ,a4 ,g4 ,hill1 ,esq4 ,egyptians ,?ree ,?\s& ,ye>s ,ago4 ,j4 ,de:ur/1 ,esq4 ,! ,*ess-play]s4 ,sir ,h5ry ,?ompson4 ,! ,egyptian at ,8 ,doorway4 ,sir ,h5ry ,?ompson4 ,! ,mummy4 ,john ,fo/]1 ,esq4 ,agripp9a ) ! ,a%es ( ,g]manicus4 ,n4 ,g4 ,clayton1 ,esq4 ,a ,roman ,family4 ,john ,p5d]1 ,esq4 ,lesbia4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,entrance to a ,roman ,!atre4 ,john ,/rak]1 ,esq4 ,roman ,dance4 ,john ,/rak]1 ,esq4 ,! ,disc\rse4 ,h5ry ,mason1 ,esq4 ,glaucus & ,nydia4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,claudius4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus4 ,sir ,h5ry ,?ompson4 ,! ,visit to ! ,/udio4 ,m4 ,x4 ,putt]mans ,bonnefoy4 ,phidias & ! ,elg9 ,m>bles4 ,d4 ,price1 ,esq4 ,! ,sie/a4 ,m4 ,gamb>t4 787 ,a ,roman ,amateur4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,! ,convalesc5t4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,f4 ,d4 ,smi?1 ,m4,p4 ,confid5ces4 ,f4 ,w4 ,cos5s1 ,esq4 ,! ,pyrrhic ,dance4 ,c4 ,gassiot1 ,esq4 ,! ,*amb]la9 ( ,seso/ris4 ,h4 ,hilton ,phillipson1 ,esq4 ,a ,visit4 ,w4 ,h\ldswor?1 ,esq4 ,9 ! ,p]i/yle4 ,c4 ,r4 ,f5wick1 ,esq4 ,! ,silv] ,/atue4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,a ,soldi] ( ,m>a?on4 ,alfr$ ,h>ris1 ,esq4 ,ex$ra4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,! ,w9e%op4 ,r4 ,*ri/y1 ,esq4 ,tibullus at ,delia's4 ,m4 ,gamb>t4 787 ,a ,juggl]4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,! ,fir/ ,:isp]4 ,james ,hall1 ,esq4 ,! ,v9tage ,fe/ival4 ,b>on ,s*ro$]4 ,hu%4 ,m>iano de ,murrieta1 ,esq4 ,une ,fete ,intime4 ,! ,m>quis de ,santurce4 ,! ,wid[4 ,m4 ,gamb>t4 787 ,! ,improvisatore4 ,alfr$ ,h>ris1 ,esq4 ,! ,dea? 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