,by ,fabre d',olivet ,h]m5eutic ,int]pretation ,! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras ,illu/ration3 ,,fabre ,d',,olivet ,aft] a m9iature by ,augu/9 #agii ,! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras ,expla9$ & ,translat$ into ,fr5* & ,prec$$ by a ,disc\rse ^u ! ,ess5ce & ,=m ( ,poetry ,among ! ,pr9cipal ,peoples ( ! ,e>? ,by ,fabre d',olivet ,done into ,engli% by ,nayn ,l\ise ,r$field k ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york & ,london ,! ,knick]bock] ,press #aiag ,,copyright1 #aiag ,,by ,,nay,n ,,l\ise ,,r$field ,to ! ,travell]s :o h turn$ _! ,faces to ! ,dawn & _! ,/eps t[>d ! ,et]nal ,hills is (f]$ ?is ri* ,fruit ( ,wisdom1 t1 ?r\gh x1 !y may a*ieve ! ,und]/&+ ( ,k4 ,,translator',s ,,=eword ,9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury1 ! sacr$ books ( ! anci5ts are und\bt$ly bett] und]/ood ?an !y 7 ev5 by _! contempor>ies1 = _! au?ors1 by ! greatness ( _! g5ius1 are z mu* ne>] to u1 z !y 7 di/ant f !m4 ,at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! light :i* came f ! illimitable m9d ( ,fabre d',olivet %one ) solit>y spl5d\r & 0 de/9$ to be se5 by only a few devot$ foll[]s4 ,b hi/ory %[s t a great inspir] always appe>s at ! beg9n+ ( e great epo*1 & h[ev] small ! numb] ( 8 disciples1 ^! disciples ) _! pupils =m ! magnetic *a9 :i*1 accord+ to ,plato1 c>ries 8 ?\ght out into ! _w4 ,fabre d',olivet1 born at ,ganges1 ,bas-,langu$oc1 ,dec4 #h1 #agfh1 0 di/+ui%$ ev5 9 8 own day n only = ! ext5t ( 8 le>n+ b = ! rectitude ( 8 judgm5t & ! sublimity ( 8 conceptions4 ,if "o c inf] f ! all too sc>ce records available s9ce ! calamit\s fire :i* de/roy$ s _m ( 8 valu$ manuscripts1 he evid5tly suff]$ ke5ly f ! fett]s ( mortality1 & s\ght ) unfail+ f]v\r :at ,porphyry s aptly call$ ! 8,olympia ( ! ,s\l40 ,sa9t ,yves d',alveydre1 writ+ ( him 9 ,la ,france vraie1 says1 t x 0 9 #agij1 :ile 9 ,g]many1 he receiv$ 8 ,py?agorean initiation1 ! pr(\nd impr9t ( :i* m>k$ all 8 lat] productions4 ,aft] return+ to ,p>is he appli$ himself to philological & philosophical /udies undi/urb$ by ! t]rible revolution>y /orm4 ,9 obscure seclusion he amass$1 to quote ,sdir1 8a disconc]t+ erudition40 ,he became famili> ) all ! ,semitic tongues & dialects1 ! ,aryan languages1 & ev5 p5etrat$ ! secrets ( ! ,*9ese hi]oglyphics4 ,x 0 dur+ ^! t5 ye>s ( retirem5t t he wrote 8 ,exam9ations ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses :i* 7 n publi%$ until #ahac1 ) its d$ication to ! ,section ( ,lit]ature ( ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute ( ,france4 ,x is kn[n t ! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras 7 orig9ally transcrib$ by ,lysis & t x is to ,hi]ocles we owe ! v]sion :i* has come d[n to u4 ,fabre d',olivet has translat$ !m into ,fr5* v]se1 ! /yle ( :i* he calls eumolpique1 t is1 subject to measure & h>moni\s cad5ce b free f rhyme1 ) alt]nate mascul9e & fem99e t]m9ations4 ,9 ! ,ess5ce & ,=m ( ,poetry :i* prec$es ! ,gold5 ,v]ses1 he illu/rates ?is melodi\s /yle1 9 apply+ x to ! op5+ l9es ( "s ( ! well-kn[n classics1 & to o!rs n s well-kn[n4 ,^! ,gold5 ,v]ses1 s rem>kable = _! moral elevation1 pres5t ! mo/ beautiful monum5t ( antiquity rais$ 9 hon\r ( ,wisdom4 ,!y =m$ ! cr$o ( ! adepts & initiates4 ,9 8 recondite ,exam9ations1 ,fabre d',olivet has drawn ! metaphysical correlation ( ,provid5ce1 ,de/9y1 & ! ,w ( ,man1 9 :i* comb9$ action ,de/9y reigns ov] ! pa/1 ! ,w ( ,man ov] ! future1 & ,provid5ce ov] ! pres5t1 :i*1 always exi/+1 may be call$ ,et]nal4 ,"o w f9d ?is giv5 at great] l5g? 9 8 ,h]m5eutic ,int]pretation ( ! ,orig9 ( ! ,social ,/ate ( ,man & ! ,de/9y ( ! ,adamic ,race3 admirable "w ( ?is little kn[n !osophi/1 8to give him ! "n he lov$ be/ to hold10 says ,pi]re ,l]\x 9 ,de l',humanit4 ,! inequality ( human conditions1 ^u :i* dep5d ! social & political que/ions1 =ms "o ( ! vital subjects ( ^! esot]ic tea*+s4 ,he has also endeav\r$ to expla9 ! true op9ion ( ,py?agoras conc]n+ metempsy*osis :i* 0 8 sacr$ dogma1 & said t ! dogma ( transmigration ( s\ls1 receiv$ by all peoples & reveal$ 9 ! anci5t my/]ies1 has be5 absolutely disfigur$ 9 :at ! mod]ns h call$ metempsy*osis4 ,8 /range dea?1 :i* occurr$ ,m>* #be1 #ahbe1 is m5tion$ by des ,ess>ts 9 ,les ,hirophantes1 & o!r au?orities includ+ ,pi]re ,l]\x1 h ass]t$ t he di$ at ! foot ( 8 alt>4 ,,nay,n ,,l\ise ,,r$field4 ,,h>t=d1 ,,conn41 ,octob]1 #aiaf4 ,! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras ,,disc\rse ,,^u ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,& ,,=m ,,( ,,poetry ,,disc\rse ,,^u ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,& ,,=m ,,( ,,poetry#a ,messieurs3 ,be=e publi%+ ! translation ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras1 su* z ,i h made x1 9 ,fr5* v]se :i* ,i h designat$ by ! expression eumolpique1#b ,i w\ld h lik$ to be able to submit x to y & ?us be enlight5$ by y\r c\nsels or su/a9$ by y\r approbation2 b academic laws & usages1 ^: ju/ice ,i h felt1 h prev5t$ my enjoy+ ?is advantage4 ,! innovation1 h[ev]1 :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to make 9 ,fr5* poetry & ! new explanation :i* ,i h tri$ to give ( "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ pieces ( ,greek poetry1 h seem$ to me to hold too closely to y\r lab\rs & to ent] too deeply into y\r lit]>y prov9ces1 = me to believe myself able to disp5se ) call+ y\r att5tion to !m4 ,i crave y\r indulg5ce1 if 9 ! demon/ration ( a j def]5ce to y\r judgm5t ,i involunt>ily neglect c]ta9 =malities2 & ,i beg y to judge ! purity ( my int5tions4 ,i claim n to be a poet2 ,i _h ev5 long ago r5\nc$ ! art ( v]se1 b not)/&+ t1 ,i am n[ pres5t+ myself 9 ! poetic c>e] to solicit ! haz>d\s success ( an innovation6 ,is x ! love ( glory :i* inspires 9 me ?is tem]ity1 :i* dazzles me today z my autumn advances1 :]eas x 0 unable to move me :5 ! eff]vesc5ce ( my spr+time ought to h d\bl$ its /r5g?8 ,no3 h[ev] flatt]+ ! wrea?s t y aw>d to tal5t1 !y w\ld n conc]n me2 & if an int]e/1 z new z p[]ful1 _h n induc$ me to address y1 ,i w\ld keep sil5t4 ,?is int]e/1 ,messieurs1 is t :i* sci5ce itself inspires 9 me1 & ! desire1 p]haps inconsid]ate b comm5dable1 ( co-op]at+ ) my limit$ ability = ! developm5t ( a language ^: lit]>y & moral influ5ce1 em]g+ f ! b\rns ( ,europe & ! pres5t c5tury1 ought to invade ! _w & become univ]sal l ! r5[n ( ! h]o :o ext5ds 8 conque/s ) ^? ( ! empire ^: f\ndations he has laid4 ,i feel1 ,messieurs1 t ,i %\ld expla9 my ?\ght4 ,my ass]tion1 well f\nd$ z x may be1 appe>s none ! less extraord9>y1 & ,i am b\nd to admit ?is4 ,! disfav\r :i* is atta*$ to all new ideas1 to all innovations1 ! j defiance t !y inspire1 ! elem5t ( ridicule t spr+s f _! d[nfall1 w\ld h arre/$ my audacity1 if ,i _h _h audacity alone1 & if ! wor?y ambition ( effect+ a g5]al good _h n rais$ me above a p>ticul> evil :i* might h result$ = me4 ,besides ,i h c\nt$ ^u ! judici\s good-w ( ! two illu/ri\s ,academies to :i* ,i am address+ myself3 ,i h ?\ght t !y w\ld di/+ui% 9 ! v]se :i* ,i am pres5t+ = _! exam9ation1 bo? z a means ( execution 9 ,fr5* poetry & z a means ( translation 9 anci5t & =eign poetry1 ! real utility t !y c (f]1 ( ! =tuit\s beauty :i* !y lack1 & :i* a m capable h& w\ld h be5 able to give !m2 ,i flatt] myself1 at l5g?1 t !y w\ld grant to ! end1 )\t prejudice1 ! att5tion :i* is necess>y1 & t if !y refus$ an entire approbation to my ef=ts1 !y w\ld at lea/ r5d] ju/ice to my zeal & comm5d ! motives :i* h made me attempt !m4 ,i ,:51 aft] ! revival ( lett]s 9 ,europe1 ,*ancellor ,bacon1 legislator ( ?\ght1 sket*$ ) bold /rokes ! tree ( human k1 & br\ght back ea* bran* ( sci5ce to t ( ! moral faculties ^u :i* x dep5ds1 he did n fail to obs]ve sagaci\sly t x 0 necess>y to di/+ui% 9 poetry two ?+s1 its ess5ce & its =m#c3 its ess5ce z p]ta9+ :olly to ! imag9ation1 & compos+ by itself alone "o ( ! pr9cipal bran*es ( sci5ce#d2 its =m1 z mak+ "p ( ! gramm>1 & ent]+ ?us into ! doma9 ( philosophy & into ! rational faculty ( ! und]/&+4#e ,?is celebrat$ man _h borr[$ ?is idea f a man mu* old] & m celebrat$ ?an himself1 ,plato4 ,accord+ to ?is admirable philosoph]1 poetry is ei!r a simple tal5t1 an art :i* "o uses to give to 8 own ideas a p>ticul> =m1 or x is a div9e inspiration by means ( :i* "o clo!s 9 ! human language & transmits to m5 ! ideas ( ! gods4#f ,x is because1 nev] hav+ felt suffici5tly ?is important di/9ction & hav+ confus$ two ideas t ought to be sep>at$1 ! ess5ce & ! =m ( poetry1 :i* are z ! s\l & body ( ?is sci5ce1 t s _m m5 among ! mod]n nations proclaim$ !mselves poets1 :]eas !y 71 9 /rict tru?1 only clev] v]sifi]s4 ,= x does n suffice1 z ,plato aga9 said1 to h poetic tal5t1 x does n suffice to make v]se & ev5 good v]se1 to be call$ a poet#g2 x is necess>y to possess t div9e en?usiasm1 t inspiration :i* elevates ! s\l1 enlight5s x1 transports x1 z x 71 to intellectual regions & causes x to draw f its s\rce ! v ess5ce ( ?is sci5ce4 ,h[ !y delude !mselves1 ^? :o1 habitually deceiv$1 fooli%ly imag9e t ! l(ty fame ( ,orpheus1 ,hom]1 ,p9d>1 s*ylus1 or ,sophocles & ! immortality :i* !y enjoy1 belongs only to ! plan ( _! works1 to ! h>mony ( _! v]se1 & to ! happy use ( _! tal5t6 ,^! flatt]+ appe>ances :i* con/itute ! =m ( _! poetry w\ld h disappe>$ long ago1 !y w\ld h become brok51 l fragile vases1 ^u ! torr5t ( c5turies1 if ! intellig5ce :i* animat$ !m _h n et]naliz$ _! duration4 ,b ?is secret intellig5ce does n reside1 z c]ta9 o!r sup]ficial read]s p]suade !mselves1 be+ /ill deceiv$1 9 ! simple int]e/ t ! *>act]s mise en scne inspire2 ?is int]e/1 :i* results f _! contra/ & f ! %ock ( ! passions1 is ano!r sort ( =m1 m hidd51 & less frail1 ?an ! =m]1 x is true1 b z v>iable g5]ally & subject to ! great revolution ( cu/oms1 laws1 & usages4 ,true poetry does n dep5d ^u t2 x dep5ds ^u ! primordial ideas :i* ! g5ius ( ! poet 9 8 exaltation has seiz$ 9 ! intellectual nature1 & :i* 8 tal5t has %[n aft]w>ds 9 ! elem5t>y nature1 ?us adapt+ ! simulacra ( physical ?+s to ! movem5t inspir$ by ! s\l1 in/ead ( adapt+ ?is movem5t to ^? same simulacra1 z ^? :o write hi/ory4 ,?is is :at ,bacon1 ! mod]n philosoph] :om ,i h already cit$1 has felt s p]fectly4#h ,he says3 ,z ! s5ti5t _w is inf]ior to ! human s\l1 x is = poetry to give to ?is nature :at reality has refus$ x1 l5d+ to x ! faculties ( ! intellectual _w2 & z ! acts & ev5ts :i* make ! subject ( true hi/ory h n t gr&eur & t sublimity = :i* ! human s\l seeks1 x is necess>y t poetry create acts & ev5ts great] & m h]oic4 ,all mu/ be increas$ & embelli%$ by its voice & receive f x a new exi/5ce2 x is necess>y ev5 t virtue %9e ) an clat m pure2 t ! veil :i* cov]s tru? be lift$ f its eyes & t ! c\rse ( ,provid5ce1 bett] disc]n$1 be all[$ to p5etrate into ! mo/ secret causes ( ev5ts4 ,! philosoph] :o express$ ?us 8 ?\ght reg>d+ ! ess5ce ( poetry1 0 f> f believ+1 z ! vulg> h always believ$1 & z c]ta9 mod]n writ]s h wi%$ to conv9ce ! savants1#i t1 ( ! two p>ts ( poetry1 ! positive =m might be ! only g5u9e2 t is to say1 t !y d n by any means consid] t ! human *>act]s put ^u ! /age by ! poets :om ,i h j nam$1 7 hi/oric *>act]s4 ,bacon und]/ood well t ,a*illes1 ,agamemnon1 ,ulysses1 ,ca/or & ,pollux1 ,hel51 ,iphig5ia1 dipus1 ,phdra1 etc41 are some:at m ?an !y appe> to be1 & t _! virtues or _! vices1 _! h]oic actions1 ev5 _! crimes1 celebrat$ by poetry1 conta9 a pr(\nd mean+ :]e9 lie buri$ ! my/]ies ( religion & ! secrets ( philosophy4#aj ,x belongs only to ! m5 to :om poetry is kn[n by its ext]ior =ms alone & :o h nev] p5etrat$ z f> z its ess5ce1 to imag9e t a small city ( ,asia1 unkn[n to all ,asia1 ar\nd :i* ! ,k+ ( k+s ( ,greece wait$ 9 va9 = t5 ye>s to av5ge ! hon\r ( 8 bro!r betray$ by 8 wife1 %\ld be able dur+ ?ree ?\s& ye>s to occupy ! greate/ m9ds ( ,europe1 on acc\nt ( a qu>rel :i* 0 rais$ 9 ! t5? ye> ( ! siege1 betwe5 ?is ,k+ ( k+s & a petty pr9ce ( 8 army1 angry & sulky1 nam$ ,a*illes4 ,x is only p]mitt$ to ! phlegmatic *ronologi/s1 :om ! muses h nev] visit$ 9 _! /udies1 to seek s]i\sly to fix ! ye> & ! day :5 ?is qu>rel took place4 ,a man1 /rongly imbu$ ) ! _s ( ,hom] or ( ,sophocles1 w\ld nev] see 9 ,ulysses a real man1 a k+ :o1 return+ to 8 isle aft] long w&]+s1 kills 9 cold blood a cr[d ( lov]s ( 8 wife & re/s confid5t ( ! conjugal fidelity ( t sp\se ab&on$ = tw5ty ye>s1 & :om he _h won 9 ! c\rse1#aa al?\gh1 accord+ to ! mo/ common reports1 %e 0 deliv]$ ( a son 9 8 abs5ce#ab2 nor 9 dipus1 ano!r k+1 :o1 )\t kn[+ x1 )\t wi%+ x1 always innoc5t1 kills 8 fa!r1 esp\ses 8 "m &1 driv5 to p>ricide & ince/ by an irresi/ible de/9y1 te>s out 8 eyes & condemns himself to w&] ov] ! e>?1 to be a frightful example ( cele/ial wra?4 ,! platitudes & ridicule ( ! de$ relat$ by ,hom]1 & ! horror :i* result$ f t pres5t$ on ! /age by ,sophocles1 are suffici5t evid5ce aga9/ _! reality4 ,if ! poem ( ! "o & ! trag$y ( ! o!r d n conceal1 "u ! co>se ext]ior :i* cov]s !m1 a secret fire :i* acts unkn[n to ! read]1 nev] w\ld a sane man tol]ate a pres5tation1 on ! "o side1 ( vice *ang$ into virtue1 & on ! o!r1 virtue *ang$ into vice1 & ! gods op]at+ ?is /range metamorphosis aga9/ all ! laws ( natural ju/ice4 ,he w\ld ?r[ aside ! book ) disgu/1 or1 agree+ ) ! judici\s reflection ( an anci5t ,greek writ]1 exclaim ) him#ac3 ,if ,hom] _h m]ely ?\ght ) respect to ! gods :at he said1 he w\ld h be5 an impi\s1 sacrilegi\s man1 a v]itable ,salmoneus1 a second ,tantalus2 b let u gu>d aga9/ do+ him ?is wrong1 or tak+ = guides ^? :o1 misund]/&+ ! allegorical g5ius ( ?is great poet1 & hesitat+ be=e ! out] c\rt ( 8 my/]i\s poetry1 h nev] succe$$ 9 und]/&+ ! sublime philosophy :i* is enclos$ !re94 ,y are n1 ,messieurs1 ( ^? designat$ by ,h]aclides 9 ! words ,i h j quot$4 ,memb]s ( ^! celebrat$ ,academies :]e ,hom] & ,sophocles h f\nd s _m admir]s1 def5d]s1 & illu/ri\s disciples1 y c easily admit t ,i see 9 ^! great m5 m ?an ord9>y poets1 t ,i place _! glory else:]e ?an 9 _! tal5t1 & t ,i say1 p>ticul>ly ( ,hom]1 t 8 mo/ j claims to immortality are less 9 ! =m ?an 9 ! ess5ce ( 8 poetry1 because a =m1 h[ev] admirable x may be1 passes & yields to "t :i* de/roys x1 :]eas ! ess5ce or ! _s :i* animates x1 immutable z ! ,div9ity f :i* x emanates by inspiration1 resi/s all vicissitudes & seems to increase 9 vig\r & clat1 9 proportion z ! c5turies pass+ away reveal its =ce & s]ve z evid5ce ( its cele/ial orig94 ,i flatt] myself t my s5tim5ts 9 ?is reg>d are n =eign to y\rs & t ! successors ( ,corneille1 ,rac9e1 & ,boileau he> ) pleasure ^! eulogies giv5 to ! creator ( epopia1 to ! f\nd]s ( dramatic art1 & agree ) me 9 reg>d+ !m z p>ticul> organs ( ! ,div9ity1 ! in/rum5ts *os5 = ! in/ruction & civilization ( m54 ,if y deign1 ,messieurs1 to foll[ ! developm5t ( my ideas ) z mu* att5tion z indulg5ce1 y already "k t :at ,i call ! ess5ce or _s ( poetry1 & :i*1 foll[+ ^u ! /eps ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,academy & ( ! reg5]ator ( ! sci5ces ( ,europe1 ,i di/+ui% f its =m1 is no o!r ?+ ?an ! allegorical g5ius1 imm$iate production ( ! inspiration2 y also und]/& t ,i mean by inspiration1 ! infusion ( ?is same g5ius into ! s\l :i*1 hav+ p[] only 9 ! intellectual nature1 is manife/$ 9 action by pass+ into ! elem5t>y nature by means ( ! inn] lab\r ( ! poet :o inve/s x ) a s5ti5t =m accord+ to 8 tal5t2 y p]ceive f9ally1 h[1 foll[+ ?is simple !ory1 ,i expla9 ! words ( ,plato1 & h[ ,i conceive t ! inspir$ poet transmits to m5 ! ideas ( ! gods4 ,i h no ne$ ,i ?9k ( tell+ y t ,i make an enorm\s diff]5ce betwe5 ?is div9e inspiration :i* exalts ! s\l & fills x ) a real en?usiasm1 & t sort ( inn] movem5t or disord] :i* ! vulg> also call inspiration1 :i* 9 its greate/ p]fection is only passion excit$ by ! love ( glory1 unit$ ) a habit ( v]se mak+1 :i* con/itutes ! tal5t1 & 9 its imp]fection is only a disord]$ passion call$ by ,boileau1 an ard\r = rhym+4 ,^! two k9ds ( inspiration 9 no wise resemble ea* o!r2 _! effects are z diff]5t z _! causes1 _! productions z diff]5t z _! s\rces4 ,! "o1 issu+ f ! intellectual nature1 has its immutability3 x is ! same 9 all "t1 among all peoples1 & 9 ! he>t ( all m5 :o receive x2 x alone produces g5ius3 its fir/ manife/ation is v r>e1 b its second manife/ation is less s1 z ,i w %[ lat] on4 ,! o!r inspiration1 inh]5t 9 s5ti5t nature1 born ( passion1 v>ies ) ! :im ( m5 & ?+s1 & takes on ! hue ( ! cu/oms & ! times2 x c br+ =? tal5t or at lea/ modify x1 & :5 x is second$ by a great facility1 c g to ! ext5t ( feign+ g5ius b nev] f>!r3 its real doma9 is ! m9d4 ,its possession is n v r>e ev5 9 its p]fection4 ,"o c sometimes f9d x unit$ ) ! true inspiration1 fir/ z 9 ,hom]1 or second z 9 ,v]gil2 & !n ! =m :i* x unceas+ly works ov]1 jo9+ its s5ti5t beauties to ! intellectual beauties ( g5ius1 creates ! monum5ts ( sci5ce4 ,x may be t ! developm5t :i* ,i h j giv5 ( my ideas on ! ess5ce ( poetry w appe> new1 al?\gh ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge t 9 reality !y are n4 ,i am address+ m5 :o are too enlight5$ to ignore :at ! anci5ts h said 9 ?is respect4 ,h]aclides1 :om ,i h already cit$1 is n ! only "o :o has giv5 ?is impression4 ,/rabo assures positively t anci5t poetry 0 only ! language ( allegory1#ad & he refutes ,erato/h5es :o pret5d$ t ! aim ( ,hom] 0 only to amuse & please4 ,9 ?is he is 9 accord ) ,d5ys ( ,halic>nassus :o av[s t ! my/]ies ( nature & ! mo/ sublime conceptions ( morals h be5 cov]$ ) ! veil ( allegory4#ae ,phurnutus goes f>!r3 he decl>es t ! allegories us$ by ,hesiod & by ,hom] d n diff] f ^? :i* o!r =eign poets h us$ be=e !m4#af ,damascius said z mu* ( ! poems ( ,orpheus1#ag & ,plut>* confirms x 9 a passage :i* has be5 pres]v$ to u by ,eusebius4#ah ,9 ! fir/ ages ( ,greece1 poetry1 consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ! alt>s1 left ! enclosures ( ! temples only = ! in/ruction ( ! p3 x 0 z a sacr$ language 9 :i* ! prie/s1 entru/$ ) presid+ at ! my/]ies ( religion1 int]pret$ ! w ( ! gods4 ,! oracles1 dogmas1 moral precepts1 religi\s & civil laws1 tea*+s ( all sorts conc]n+ ! lab\rs ( ! body1 ! op]ations ( ! m9d1 9 fact all t :i* 0 reg>d$ z an emanation1 an ord]1 or a fav\r f ! ,div9ity1 all 0 writt5 9 v]se4 ,to ?is sacr$ language 0 giv5 ! "n ,poetry1 t is to say1 ! ,language ( ! ,gods3 a symbolic "n :i* accords ) x p]fectly1 s9ce x express$ at ! same "t its orig9 & its usage4#ai ,x 0 said to h come f ,?race1#bj & ! "o :o _h inv5t$ x & caus$ its fir/ acc5ts to be he>d 0 call$ ,ol54#ba ,n[ ^! are aga9 two symbolic names p]fectly adapt$ to ! idea t "o _h ( ?is div9e sci5ce3 x 0 desc5d$ f ,?race1 t is to say1 f ! ,e!real ,space2 x 0 ,ol5 :o _h inv5t$ x1 t is to say1 ! ,univ]sal ,be+4#bb ,to und]/& ^! ?ree etymologies :i* c be reg>d$ z ! fundam5tal po9ts ( ! hi/ory ( poetry1 x is necess>y to rememb]1 fir/1 t ! ,phnicians1 at ! epo* :5 !y cov]$ n only ,greece b ! coa/s ( ! re/ ( ,europe ) _! colonies1 br\ght !re _! language1 & gave _! names to ! c\ntries ( :i* !y _h tak5 possession2 secondly1 t ^! names drawn almo/ always f objects symbolic ( _! cult1 con/itut$ = ^! c\ntries a sort ( sacr$ geography1 :i* ,greece above all o!rs1 0 fai?ful 9 pres]v+4#bc ,x 0 ?us 7= !re is no?+ "u ! sun :i* _c f9d ei!r its model or its copy7 :5 ! ,europeans took possession ( ,am]ica & coloniz$ x1 & c>ri$ to ^? regions _! div]se dialects & cov]$ x ) names drawn f ! my/]ies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o ought !re=e1 :5 "o wi%es to und]/& ! anci5t names ( ! c\ntries ( ,greece1 ^? ( _! h]oic p]sonages1 ^? ( ! my/]i\s subjects ( _! cult1 to h rec\rse to ! ,phnician dialect :i* al?\gh lo/ to u c easily be re/or$ ) ! aid ( ,hebrew1 ,aramaic1 ,*aldean1 ,syriac1 ,arabic1 & ,coptic4 ,i d n int5d1 ,messieurs1 to fatigue y ) pro(s ( ^! etymologies :i* are n 9 reality ! subject ( my disc\rse4 ,i am cont5t to place !m on ! m>g9 = ! satisfaction ( ! curi\s4 ,?us ,i %all make use ( !m lat]1 :5 occasion dem&s4 ,b to return to ,?race1 ?is c\ntry 0 always consid]$ by ! ,greeks z ! place peculi> to _! gods & ! c5tre ( _! cult2 ! div9e c\ntry1 p> excell5ce4 ,all ! names t x has borne 9 diff]5t dialects & :i* 9 ! c\rse ( "t h become conc5trat$ 9 p>ticul> regions1 h be5 synonyms ( !irs4 ,?us1 ,get1 ,msia1 ,dacia1 all signify ! c\ntry ( ! gods4#bd ,/rabo1 9 speak+ ( ! ,get1 said t ^! peoples recogniz$ a sov]eign pontiff to :om !y gave ! title ( ,god1 ! dignity ( :i* exi/$ /ill 9 8 "t4#be ,?is sov]eign pontiff resid$ ^u a m\nta9 t d',anville believes he has recogniz$1 betwe5 ,moldavia & ,transylvania4 ,! ,?racians _h also a sov]eign pontiff in/itut$ 9 ! same mann] z t ( ! ,get1 & resid+ likewise ^u a sacr$ m\nta94#bf ,x 01 no d\bt1 f ! heights ( ^! m\nta9s t ! div9e oracles1 ! laws & tea*+s :i* ! great pontiffs _h compos$ 9 v]se1 7 at fir/ spread ?r\gh\t ,greece2 s t x might be said1 lit]ally z well z figuratively1 t poetry1 rev]$ z ! language ( ! gods1 production ( an ,et]nal ,be+1 desc5d$ f ! e!real abode & 0 propagat$ ^u e>? = ! in/ruction & delight ( mortals4 ,x appe>s to me v c]ta9 t ! temple ( ,delphi1 erect$ ^u ! fam\s m\nta9 ( ,p>nassus1 diff]$ n ess5tially at fir/ f ^? ( ,?race2 & :at confirms me 9 ?is idea is t1 accord+ to an anci5t tradition1 x 0 ,ol5 :o1 com+ out f ,lycia1 t is to say f ! light1 caus$ all ,greece to recognize ! cult ( ,apollo & ,diana2 compos$ ! hymns :i* 7 *ant$ at ,delos 9 hon\r ( ^! two div9ities & e/abli%$ ! temple ( ,delphi ( :i* he 0 ! fir/ pontiff4#bg ,?us ! temple ( ,delphi rivall$ ^? ( ,?race4 ,its f\ndation1 d\btless due to "s innovator prie/1 0 attribut$ by a poetic metaphor to ! div9ity :i* _h inspir$ x4 ,at t "t a s*ism arose & two cults 7 =m$1 t ( ! ,?racians consecrat$ to ,bac*us & ,c]es1 or ,dionysus ! div9e _s1 & ,demet] ! e>?-"m#bh2 & t ( ! ,greeks1 prop]ly speak+1 consecrat$ to ! sun & ! moon1 ador$ "u ! names ( ,apollo & ,diana4 ,x is to ?is s*ism t "o %\ld ascribe ! fam\s dispute :i* 0 rais$1 x is said1 betwe5 ,bac*us & ,apollo conc]n+ ! possession ( ! tripod ( ,delphi4#bi ,! poetic fable wov5 f ?is subject 0 made to pres]ve ! remembrance ( ! moral incid5t & n ( ! physical ev5t2 = at ?is remote epo*1 :5 v]se only 0 writt51 hi/ory1 ev] allegorical1 treat$ only ( moral & provid5tial matt]s1 disda9+ all physical details deem$ little wor?y ( occupy+ ! memory ( m54 ,h[ev] t may be1 x appe>s c]ta91 not)/&+ ?is s*ism1 t ! cult ( ! ,?racians dom9at$ ,greece = a long "t4 ,! new s\rce ( poetry op5$ at ,delphi & on ,m\nt ,p>nassus1 de/9$ 9 "t to become s celebrat$1 rema9$ at fir/ some:at unkn[n4 ,x is wor?y ( obs]vation t ,hesiod1 born 9 ! village ( ,ascra1 a %ort di/ance f ,delphi1 makes no m5tion ei!r ( ! oracle or ( ! temple ( ,apollo4 ,all t he said ( ?is city1 :i* he nam$ ,py?o1 has ref]5ce to ! /one :i* ,saturn _h swall[$1 believ+ to dev\r 8 son4#cj ,hom] does n m5tion ?is ,py?o 9 ! ,iliad2 he m5tions 9 ! ,odyssey an oracle deliv]$ by ,apollo ^u ,p>nassus4 ,= a long "t1 ! peoples ( ,greece1 accu/om$ to receive f ! anci5t m\nta9s ( ,?race bo? _! oracles & _! in/ructions1 turn$ t[>d t c\ntry & neglect$ ! new sacr$ m\nt4 ,?is is :y ! mo/ anci5t traditions place 9 ,?race1 ) ! supremacy ( cult & sac]dotalism1 ! cradle ( ! mo/ fam\s poets & t ( ! ,muses :o _h inspir$ !m3 ,orpheus1 ,musu1 ,?amyris1 & ,eumolpus 7 ,?racians4 ,pi]ia1 :]e ! ,muses 7 born1 0 a m\nta9 ( ,?race2 & :51 at l5g?1 x 0 a "q ( r5d]+ to ! gods a sev]e & or?odox cult1 x 0 said t x 0 necess>y to imitate ! ,?racians1 or1 z "o w\ld say 9 ,fr5*1 ?racis]4#ca ,besides x mu/ be obs]v$1 t at ! epo* :5 ! temple ( ,delphi 0 f\nd$1 ! new cult1 pres5t$ to ! ,greeks "u ! "n ( ! univ]sal ,ol51 t5d$ to unite ,apollo & ,diana1 or ! sun & ! moon1 "u ! same symbolic figure1 & to make ( x only "o & ! same object ( adoration1 "u ! "n ( tol9os1 t is to say1 ,sun-moon4#cb ,x 0 proclaim$ t ! middle ( ! e>?1 its pat]nal & mat]nal umbilicus1 0 f\nd plac$ exactly on ! spot :]e ! new sacr$ city 0 built1 :i* 0 call$ = ?is my/ical reason ,delphi4#cc ,b x seems t ! univ]sality ( ?is tol9os 0 nev] well und]/ood by ! ,greeks1 :o1 9 _! m9ds1 unit$ only ) difficulty t :i* cu/om & _! s5ses _h taught !m to sep>ate4 ,moreov] "o c well conjecture t1 z 9 all religi\s s*isms1 a ho/ ( difficulties & contradictory op9ions 7 rais$4 ,if ,i c believe ! sac]dotal traditions ( ,india1 t ,i enc\nt]1 ! greate/ difficulty 01 n kn[+ :i* sex dom9at$ 9 ?is my/]i\s be+ ^: ess5ce 0 compos$ ( ! sun & moon & ^: h]maphroditic umbilicus 0 possess$ 9 ,delphi4 ,?is insoluble "q _h m ?an once divid$ mank9d & /a9$ ! e>? ) blood4 ,b "h is n ! place to t\* ^u "o ( ! mo/ important & mo/ s+ul> facts ( ! hi/ory ( man4 ,i h already deviat$ too mu* f my subject1 & ,i return to x ask+ p>don ( my judges = ?is necess>y digression4 ,,ii ,poetry1 transport$ ) ! seat ( religion f ! m\nta9s ( ,?race to ^? ( ,phocis1 lo/ !re1 z did religion1 its primitive unity4 ,n only did ea* sov]eign pontiff use x to spread 8 dogmas1 b ! oppos$ sects born ( ! r5d+ ( ! cult1 vy+ ) ea* o!r1 took possession ( x4 ,^! sects1 q num]\s1 p]sonifi$ by ! allegorical g5ius :i* presid$ ov] poetry1 & :i*1 z ,i h said1 con/itut$ its ess5ce1 7 confus$ ) ! m9d :i* animat$ !m & 7 consid]$ z a p>ticul> be+4 ,!nce1 s _m ( ! demi-gods1 & ! celebrat$ h]oes1 f :om ! ,greek tribes pret5d$ to h desc5d$2 !nce1 s _m ( ! fam\s poets to :om 7 attribut$ a mass ( works t emanat$ f ! same sanctu>y1 or 7 compos$ = ! support ( ! same doctr9e4 ,= x is well to rememb] t ! allegorical hi/ory ( ^! remote times1 writt5 9 a diff]5t _s f ! positive hi/ory :i* has succe$$ x1 resembl$ x 9 no way1 & t x is 9 hav+ confus$ !m t s _m grave errors h aris54 ,x is a v important obs]vation t ,i aga9 make "h4 ,?is hi/ory1 confid$ to ! memory ( m5 or pres]v$ among ! sac]dotal ar*ives ( ! temples 9 deta*$ fragm5ts ( poetry1 consid]$ ?+s only f ! moral side1 0 nev] occupi$ ) individuals1 b saw only ! masses2 t is to say1 peoples1 corporations1 sects1 doctr9es1 ev5 arts & sci5ces1 z s _m p>ticul> be+s t x designat$ by a g5]ic "n4 ,x is n t ^! masses 7 unable to h a *ief to direct _! movem5ts1 b ?is *ief1 reg>d$ z ! in/rum5t ( a c]ta9 m9d1 0 neglect$ by hi/ory :i* atta*$ itself to ! m9d only4 ,"o *ief succe$$ ano!r )\t allegorical hi/ory mak+ ! lea/ m5tion ( x4 ,! adv5tures ( all 7 accumulat$ ^u ! head ( "o alone4 ,x 0 ! moral ?+ ^: c\rse 0 exam9$1 ^: bir?1 progress1 or d[nfall 0 describ$4 ,! succession ( ?+s replac$ t ( individuals4 ,positive hi/ory1 :i* ours has become1 foll[s a me?od entirely diff]5t4 ,! individuals are ev]y?+ = x3 x notes ) scrupul\s exactitude dates & facts :i* ! o!r scorns4 ,i d n pron\nce ^u _! common m]it4 ,! mod]ns w\ld mock t allegorical mann] ( ! anci5ts1 if !y c\ld believe x possible1 z ,i am p]suad$ ! anci5ts w\ld h mock$ ! me?od ( ! mod]ns1 _h !y be5 able to =esee its possibility 9 ! future4 ,h[ approve ( :at is unkn[n8 ,man approves ( only :at he likes2 he always believes he kn[s all t he ought to l4 ,i c say1 aft] hav+ repeat$ ?is obs]vation1 t ! poet ,l9us1 :o is reg>d$ z ! au?or ( all ! melan*oly *ants ( ! anci5t _w1 repres5ts no?+ less ?an lun> poetry deta*$ f ! doctr9e ( tol9os1 ( :i* ,i h spok51 & consid]$ z s*ismatic by ! ,?racians2 ,i c also say1 t ! poet ,amphion1 ^: *ants 71 on ! contr>y1 s p[]ful & s virile1 typifies ! or?odox sol> poetry1 oppos$ by ^! same ,?racians2 :]eas ! prophet ,?amyris1 :o1 x is said1 celebrat$ 9 su* /ately v]se ! creation ( ! _w & ! w> ( ! ,titans1#cd repres5ts q pla9ly ! univ]sal doctr9e ( ,ol51 re-e/abli%$ by 8 foll[]s4 ,! "n ( ,amphion signifies ! or?odox or national voice ( ,greece2 t ( ,?amyris1 ! tw9 lights ( ! gods4#ce ,"o feels1 accord+ly1 t ! evils :i* came to ,l9us & to ,?amyris1 "o ( :om 0 kill$ by ,h]cules1#cf & ! o!r depriv$ ( sight by ! ,muses1#cg are1 9 reality1 only "s sort ( criticism or un=tunate incid5t su/a9$ by ! doctr9es :i* !y repres5t$1 on acc\nt ( ! opposition ( ! ,?racians4 ,:at ,i h said conc]n+ ,l9us1 ,amphion1 & ,?amyris1 c be appli$ to ! great] "p ( ! poets :o prec$$ ,hom]1 & ,fabricius names sev5ty ( ^!#ch2 "o c\ld also ext5d x to ,orpheus1 b only on a c]ta9 side2 = al?\gh x may be v true1 t no positive detail is possess$ reg>d+ ! "* ( ! celebrat$ man1 f\nd] or propagator ( ! doctr9e :i* has borne ?is "n2 al?\gh x may be v true1 t all t conc]ns 8 bir?1 8 life1 & 8 dea? is completely unkn[n1 x is none ! less c]ta9 t ?is man has exi/$1 t he has be5 actually ! head ( a v ext5d$ sect1 & t ! allegorical fables :i* rema9 to u on ?is subject depict1 m p>ticul>ly ?an !y h done ) any o!r1 ! c\rse ( 8 ?\ghts & ! success ( 8 in/itutions4 ,orpheus belongs1 on ! "o side1 to ant]ior times1 & on ! o!r1 to times m]ely anci5t4 ,! epo* :5 he appe>$ is ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 pure allegory & mix$ allegory1 ! intelligible & ! s5ti5t4 ,he taught h[ to ally ! rational faculty ) ! imag9ative faculty4 ,! sci5ce :i* 0 a long "t aft] call$ philosophy1 orig9at$ ) him4 ,he laid its fir/ basis4 ,"o %\ld gu>d aga9/ believ+1 foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( c]ta9 hi/orians deceiv$ by ! mean+ ( allegorical fables1 t :5 ,orpheus appe>$1 ,greece1 /ill b>b>\s1 (f]$ only ! traces ( a civilization h>dly outl9$1 or t ! f]oci\s animals1 tam$ by ! *>m ( 8 poetry1 %\ld repres5t1 9 effect1 ! inhabitants ( ?is beautiful c\ntry4 ,m5 capable ( receiv+ a cult s brilliant z t ( ,orpheus1 a doctr9e s pure1 & my/]ies s pr(\nd2 m5 :o possess$ a language s =m$1 s noble1 s h>moni\s z t :i* s]v$ t inspir$ man to compose 8 hymns1 7 f> f be+ ignorant & savage to ?is degree4 ,x is n true1 z has be5 said & repeat$ )\t exam9ation1 t poetry _h its bir? 9 ! =e/s1 9 regions r\gh & wild1 nor above all1 t x may be ! concomitant ( ! infancy ( ! nations & ! fir/ /amm]+s ( ! human m9d4 ,poetry1 on ! contr>y1 hav+ atta9$ its p]fection1 indicates always a long exi/5ce among ! peoples1 a civilization v advanc$ & all ! spl5d\r ( a virile age4 ,! sanctu>y ( ! temple is its true cradle4 ,glance ov] ! savage _w & see if ! ,iroquois or ! ,samoy$s h a poetry4 ,h ! peoples :o 7 f\nd 9 _! infancy 9 ! isles ( ! ,pacific %[n y hymns l ^? ( ,orpheus1 epic monum5ts l ! poems ( ,hom]8 ,is x n kn[n t ! ,t>t>s :o h subjugat$ ,asia1 ^? pr\d ,man*us :o today reign ov] ,*9a1 h nev] be5 able to d]ive f _! language1 rebelli\s to all k9ds ( melody & rhy?m1 a s+le v]se1#ci al?\gh s9ce _! conque/s !y h felt & appreciat$ ! *>ms ( ?is art8#dj ,be>s & lions1 tam$ & br\ght ne>] toge!r by ,orphic poetry1 h no ref]5ce to m51 b to ?+s3 !y are ! symbols ( rival sects :i*1 imbib+ _! hatr$ at ! v foot ( ! alt>s1 diffus$ x ov] all t surr\nd$ !m & fill$ ,greece ) tr\bles4 ,= a long "t ?is c\ntry 0 a prey to ! d\ble sc\rge ( religi\s & political an>*y4 ,9 deta*+ h]self f ! cult ( ! metropolis1 %e also deta*$ h]self f its gov]nm5t4 ,once a colony ( ! ,phnicians1 %e _h ?r[n (f _! yoke1 n h[ev] spontane\sly & en masse1 b gradually1 ov] & ov] aga92 s t !re 7 tw5ty rival temples1 tw5ty rival cities1 tw5ty petty peoples divid$ by rite1 by civil int]e/1 & by ! ambition ( ! prie/s & pr9ces :o gov]n$ !m4 ,! ,?racians1 rema9+ fai?ful to ! anci5t laws1 7 /yl$ sup]/iti\s or enslav$1 :]eas ! innovators & ! insurg5ts 7 consid]$1 by ! ,?racians & (t5 by !mselves1 s*ismatics & rebels4 ,phnicia _h va9ly wi%$ to oppose ?is g5]al des]tion4 ,asia came to exp]i5ce ! mo/ t]rible %ocks4 ,india1 :i* _h long held ! sceptre !re1 0 buri$ = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s 9 h] ,kali-y\g1 or h] age ( d>kness1 & (f]$ only ! %ad[ ( h] anci5t spl5d\r4#da ,= fifte5 c5turies %e _h lo/ h] unity by ! ext9ction ( h] imp]ial dyna/ies4 ,_m rival k+doms 7 =m$1#db ^: con/ant qu>rels _h left !m nei!r ! leisure nor ! possibility ( wat*+ ov] & support+ _! colonies f af>4 ,! gradual l[]+ ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! alluvial deposit ( ! %ores ( ,egypt rais+ ! ,i/hmus ( ,suez1#dc _h cut (f all communication betwe5 ?is sea & ! ,r$ ,sea1 &1 by b>ri]s difficult to surm\nt1 sep>at$ ! primitive ,phnicians1 e/abli%$ ^u ! %ores ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 f ^? ( ,pale/9e4#dd ,! m]idional ,arabs 7 sep>at$ f ! sept5trional1 & bo? _h brok5 ) ! ,indians to :om !y _h =m]ly belong$4#de ,tibet _h adopt$ a p>ticul> cult & =m ( gov]nm5t4#df ,p]sia _h be5 subject to ! empire ( ! ,assyrians4#dg ,at la/ ! political ties :i* unit$ all ^! /ates1 & :i* once =m$ only a va/ gr\p "u ! dom9ation ( ! ,indian mon>*s1 _h become relax$ or brok5 on all sides4 ,egypt1 long subject to ! ,phili/9es1 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,%eph]ds1 came at l5g? to drive !m out1 & em]g+ f h] le?>gy prep>$ h]self to seize ! influ5ce :i* ,asia _h all[$ to escape4#dh ,already ! mo/ w>like ( h] k+s1 ,se?os1 _h ext5d$ 8 empire ov] bo? ,libya & ,arabia2 ,phnicia & ,assyria _h be5 subjugat$2 he _h ent]$ triumphant into ,babylon & 0 seat$ ^u ! ?rone ( ,belus4#di ,he w\ld n h hesitat$ to attempt ! conque/ ( ,greece1 if he _h be5 able z easily to lead 8 army !re2 b x 0 difficult = him to create a m>9e =ce1 & above all to ov]come ! inv9cible repugnance t ! ,egyptians _h = ! sea4#ej ,oblig$ to employ ! ,phnicians1 8 anci5t enemies1 he 0 able to draw f !m only m$iocre s]vice4 ,9 spite ( ^! ob/acles & ! /ubborn resi/ance ( ! ,greeks1 he succe$$ nev]!less 9 mak+ "s conque/s & =m+ "s p>tial settlem5ts4 ,a!ns1 s celebrat$ lat]1 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal ones4#ea ,^! ev5ts1 ^! revolutions1 calamit\s 9 appe>ance1 7 9 reality to produce great b5efits4 ,greece1 already impregnat$ ) ! le>n+ ( ! ,phnicians1 :i* %e _h obta9$ & elaborat$1 aft]w>d receiv$ t ( ! ,egyptians & elaborat$ x /ill fur!r4 ,a man born 9 ! he>t ( ,?race1 b c>ri$ 9 8 *ildhood into ,egypt ?r\gh ! desire = k1#eb return$ to 8 c\ntry ) "o ( ! ,egyptian colonies1 to k9dle !re ! new light4 ,he 0 initiat$ into all ! my/]ies ( religion & sci5ce3 he surpass$1 said ,pausanias1 all ^? :o _h prec$$ him1 by ! beauty ( 8 v]se1 ! sublimity ( 8 *ants1 & ! pr(\ndness ( 8 k 9 ! art ( heal+ & ( appeas+ ! gods4#ec ,?is 0 ,orpheus3 he took ?is "n f t ( 8 doctr9e#ed :i* aim$ to cure & to save by k4 ,i %\ld greatly ov]/ep ! limits t ,i h prescrib$ = ?is disc\rse if ,i %\ld recall 9 detail all t ,greece ow$ to ?is celebrat$ man4 ,! my?ological tradition has consecrat$ 9 a brilliant allegory ! ef=ts :i* he made to re/ore to m5 ! tru? :i* !y _h lo/4 ,8 love = ,eurydice1 s mu* sung by ! poets1 is b ! symbol ( ! div9e sci5ce = :i* he long$4#ee ,! "n ( ?is my/]i\s sp\se1 :om he va9ly wi%$ to return to ! light1 signifi$ only ! doctr9e ( ! true sci5ce1 ! tea*+ ( :at is beautiful & v]itable1 by :i* he tri$ to enri* ! e>?4 ,b man _c look ^u ! face ( tru? be=e atta9+ ! intellectual light1 )\t los+ x2 if he d>e to contemplate x 9 ! d>kness ( 8 reason1 x vani%es4 ,?is is :at ! fable1 :i* ev]yone kn[s1 ( ,eurydice1 f\nd & lo/1 signifies4 ,orpheus1 :o felt by 8 own exp]i5ce1 p]haps1 ! great disadvantage t he _h "h1 ( pres5t+ ! tru? to m5 be=e !y might be 9 condition to receive x1 in/itut$ ! div9e my/]ies2 an admirable s*ool :]e ! initiate1 conduct$ f "o degree to ano!r1 sl[ly prep>$ & tri$1 receiv$ ! %>e ( light 9 proportion to ! /r5g? ( 8 intellig5ce1 & g5tly enlight5$1 )\t risk ( be+ dazzl$1 atta9$ to virtue1 wisdom1 & tru?4 ,!re has be5 b "o op9ion 9 antiquity conc]n+ ! utility ( ! my/]ies1 be=e dissolution _h /a9$ its prec9cts & corrupt$ its aim4 ,all ! sages1 ev5 ,socrates1 h prais$ ?is in/itution1#ef ! hon\r ( :i* has be5 con/antly attribut$ to ,orpheus4#eg ,x is n improbable t ?is sage _h f\nd ! model 9 ,egypt & t he himself _h be5 initiat$1 z ,moses#eh & ,py?agoras#ei _h be5 be=e & aft] him2 b 9 ?is case an imitation 0 equival5t to a creation4 ,i h said t aft] ! appe>ance ( ,orpheus1 poetry _h lo/ its unity3 z divid$ z ! cult1 x _h su/a9$ its vicissitudes4 ,entirely !osophical 9 its pr9ciple1 & calm z ! ,div9ity :i* inspir$ x1 x _h tak5 9 ! mid/ ( ! oppos$ sects a passionate "* :i* x _h n _h previ\sly4 ,! prie/s1 :o us$ x to uphold _! op9ions1 _h f\nd1 in/ead ( ! real inspiration1 t sort ( physical exaltation :i* results f ! fire ( passions1 ^: movem5t & fleet+ spl5d\r entrance ! vulg>4 ,vy+ ) ea* o!r !y _h br\ght =? a mass ( !ological sy/ems1 _h multipli$ ! allegorical fables conc]n+ ! univ]se1 & _h dr[n$1 z x 71 ! unity ( ! ,div9ity 9 ! va9 & m9ute di/9ction ( its inf9ite faculties2 & z ea* compos$ 9 8 own dialect & 9 pursuance ( 8 own caprice1 ea* devis$ unceas+ly new names = ! same be+s1 accord+ z !y believ$ !y caught a glimpse ( a c]ta9 new virtue 9 ^! be+s t ano!r _h n express$1 x came to pass t n only 7 ! gods multipli$ by ! di/9ction ( _! faculties1 b /ill m by ! div]sity ( names employ$ 9 express+ !m4 ,v soon !re 0 n a city nor a t[n 9 ,greece1 t did n h1 or at lea/ believ$ t x _h1 its own p>ticul> god4 ,if "o _h c>efully exam9$ ?is prodigi\s numb] ( div9ities1 "o w\ld h cle>ly se5 t !y c\ld be r$uc$1 by elim9ation1 to a small numb] & w\ld f9ally end by be+ m+l$ 9 a sole ,univ]sal ,be+2 b t 0 v difficult = p1 flatt]$1 moreov]1 by a sy/em :i* comp>$ ! condition ( ! gods ) !irs1 & (f]$ !m ?us1 protectors & patrons s mu* ! m accessible z !y 7 less occupi$ & less p[]ful4#fj ,va9ly1 !re=e1 ! ,egyptian colony e/abli%$ at ,a!ns pres5t$ to ! adoration ( ?is p imbu$ ) ! prejudice ( poly!ism1 ! sov]eign ( ! gods "u ! title ( ! ,mo/-,high#fa2 ! v5]ation ( ?is p 0 turn$ :olly t[>ds ,m9]va1 :o became its patron "u ! "n ( ,a!na1#fb z ,juno 0 t ( ,argos1#fc ,c]es1 t ( ,eleusis1 ,phigalia1 ,me?ydrium1#fd etc4 ,orpheus1 in/ruct$ z 0 ,moses1 9 ! sanctu>ies ( ,egypt1 _h ! same ideas z ! legislator ( ! ,hebrews ^u ! unity ( ,god1 b ! diff]5t circum/ances 9 :i* he f\nd himself plac$ did n p]mit him to divulge ?is dogma2 he res]v$ ?is = mak+ x ! basis ( 8 my/]ies1 & cont9u$1 9 ! meantime1 to p]sonify 9 8 poetry ! attributes ( ! ,div9ity4 ,8 in/itutions1 drawn f ! same s\rce1 f\nd$ ^u ! same tru?s1 receiv$ ! impr9t ( 8 "* & t ( ! p to :om he _h de/9$ !m4 ,z ^? ( ,moses 7 sev]e &1 if "o mu/ admit1 h>% 9 =m1 enemies ( ! sci5ces & arts1 s ^? ( ,orpheus 7 brilliant1 fitt$ to s$uce ! m9ds1 fav\rable to all ! developm5ts ( ! imag9ation4 ,x 0 b5ea? ! allurem5ts ( pleasure1 ( joy1 & ( ftes1 t he conceal$ ! utility ( 8 lessons & ! dep? ( 8 doctr9e4 ,no?+ 0 m full ( pomp ?an ! celebration ( its my/]ies4 ,:atev] maje/y1 =ce1 & grace1 poetry1 music1 & pa9t+ _h1 0 us$ to excite ! en?usiasm ( ! initiate4#fe ,he f\nd no pretext advantage\s en\gh1 no =m beautiful en\gh1 no *>m p[]ful en\gh to int]e/ ! he>ts & attract !m t[>d ! sublime tru?s :i* he proclaim$4 ,^! tru?s1 ^: =ce ! e>ly ,*ri/ians h recogniz$1#ff w5t mu* fur!r ?an ^? ( :i* ,moses _h be5 ! int]pret]2 !y seem$ to anticipate ! times4 ,n only did he tea* ( ! unity ( ,god1#fg & give ! mo/ sublime ideas ( ?is unfa?omable ,be+#fh2 n only did he expla9 ! bir? ( ! ,univ]se & ! orig9 ( ?+s#fi2 b he repres5t$ ?is unique ,god "u ! emblem ( a my/]i\s ,tr9ity end[$ ) ?ree names#gj2 he spoke ( ! dogma :i* ,plato ann\nc$ a long "t aft] conc]n+ ! ,logos1 or ! ,div9e ,^w2 &1 accord+ to ,macrobius1 taught ev5 its inc>nation or its union ) matt]1 its dea? or its division 9 ! _w ( s5se1 its resurrection or its transfiguration1 & f9ally its return to ! orig9al ,unity4#ga ,?is inspir$ man1 by exalt+ 9 ,man ! imag9ation1 t admirable faculty :i* makes ! *>m ( life1 fett]$ ! passions :i* tr\ble its s]5ity4 ,?r\gh him 8 disciples enjoy$ ! en?usiasm ( ! f9e arts & he insi/$ t _! cu/oms %\ld be pure & simple4#gb ,! rgime t he prescrib$ = !m 0 t :i* ,py?agoras introduc$ lat]#gc4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pleas+ rew>ds :i* he (f]$ to _! endeav\rs1 ! v aim ( _! initiation into 8 my/]ies1 01 putt+ !mselves 9 communion ) ! gods#gd2 free+ !mselves f ! cycle ( g5]ations1 purify+ _! s\l1 & r5d]+ x wor?y ( project+ itself1 aft] ! d[nfall ( its corporal cov]+ t[>d its primal abode1 to ! realms ( light & happ9ess4#ge ,despite my resolution to be brief1 ,i _c resi/ ! pleasure ( speak+ at great] l5g? ( ,orpheus1 & ( recall+1 z is my cu/om1 ?+s :i*1 appe>+ today :olly =eign to my subject1 nev]!less1 :5 exam9$ f my viewpo9t1 belong to x4 ,poetry 0 n at all 9 its orig9 :at x became lat]1 a simple accompli%m5t1 reg>d$ by ^? :o pr(ess to be savants z ev5 r frivol\s#gf2 x 0 ! language ( ! gods1 p> excell5ce1 t ( ! prophets1 ! m9i/]s ( ! alt>s1 ! preceptors & ! legislators ( ! _w4 ,i rejoice to repeat ?is tru?1 aft] r5d]+ homage to ,orpheus1 to ?is admirable man1 to :om ,europe owes ! clat ) :i* %e has %one & ) :i* %e w %9e a long "t4 ,orpheus has be5 ! real creator ( poetry & ( music1#gg ! fa!r ( my?ology1 ( morals1 & ( philosophy3 x is he :o has s]v$ z model = ,hesiod & ,hom]1 :o has illum9$ ! foot/eps ( ,py?agoras & ,plato4 ,aft] hav+ wisely accommodat$ ! outw>d c]emonies to ! m9ds ( ! p :om he wi%$ to in/ruct1 ,orpheus divid$ 8 doctr9e into two p>ts1 ! "o vulg>1 & ! o!r my/]i\s & secret1 foll[+ 9 ?is ! me?od ( ! ,egyptians1 ^: disciple he _h be5#gh2 !n1 turn+ 8 att5tion to poetry1 & see+ into :at *aos ?is sci5ce _h fall5 & ! confusion t _h be5 made ( div9e & pr(ane ?+s1 he judici\sly sep>at$ x into two pr9cipal bran*es1 :i* he assign$1 ! "o to !ology1 ! o!r to natural philosophy4 ,x c be said t he gave 9 ea* ! precept & ! example4 ,z sublime a !osophi/ z he 0 pr(\nd z a philosoph]1 he compos$ an imm5se quantity ( !osophical & philosophical v]ses ^u all sorts ( subjects4 ,"t has de/roy$ ne>ly all ( !m2 b _! memory has be5 p]petuat$4 ,among ! works ( ,orpheus t 7 cit$ by ! anci5ts & ^: loss mu/ be deplor$1 7 f\nd1 on ! subject ( !osophy1 ,! ,holy ,^w or ,! ,sacr$ ,logos1#gi by :i* ,py?agoras & ,plato pr(it$ mu*2 ! ,!ogony1 :i* prec$$ t ( ,hesiod m ?an five c5turies2 ,! ,initiations to ! ,my/]ies ( ! ,"m ( ! ,gods1#hj & ,! ,ritual ( ! ,sacrifices1 :]e9 he _h record$1 und\bt$ly1 ! div]s p>ts ( 8 doctr9e#ha3 on ! subject ( philosophy1 a celebrat$ cosmogony 0 f\nd1#hb 9 :i* an a/ronomical sy/em 0 develop$ t w\ld be an hon\r to our c5tury1 t\*+ ! plurality ( ! worlds1 ! /ation ( ! sun at ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & ! habitation ( ! />s4#hc ,^! extraord9>y works emanat$ f ! same g5ius :o _h writt5 9 v]se ^u gramm>1 music1 natural hi/ory1 ^u ! antiquities ( ! _m isles ( ,greece1 ^u ! int]pretation ( signs & prodigies1 & a mass ( o!r subjects1 ! details ( :i* "o c see 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,argonautica ( ,onomacritus1 :i* is attribut$ to him4 ,b at ! same "t t ,orpheus op5$ ?us to 8 successor two v di/9ct c>e]s1 !osophical & philosophical1 he did n entirely neglect ! o!r p>ts ( ?is sci5ce3 8 hymns & 8 odes assign$ him to a di/+ui%$ rank among ! lyric poets2 8 ,dmtrde presag$ ! beauties ( ,epopia1 & ! repres5tations full ( pomp1 t he introduc$ into 8 my/]ies1 gave bir? to ,greek ,melopia :5ce sprang dramatic art4 ,he c !re=e be reg>d$1 n only z ! precursor ( ,hesiod & ,epim5ides1 b ev5 z t ( ,hom]1 s*ylus1 & ,p9d>4 ,i d n pret5d1 9 say+ ?is1 to take away any?+ f ! glory ( ^! celebrat$ m53 ! "o :o indicates a c\rse1 yields to ! "o :o executes x3 n[ ?is1 especially1 is :at ,hom] did4 ,,iii ,hom] 0 n ! fir/ epic poet 9 ! ord] ( "t1 b 9 ! ord] ( ?+s4 ,be=e him _m poets 7 skill$ 9 ,epopia2 b no "o _h kn[n ! nature ( ?is k9d ( poetry#hd2 no "o _h unit$ ! oppos$ qualities :i* 7 necess>y4 ,!re exi/$ at ?is epo* a multitude ( allegorical fables :i* _h emanat$ at div]s times f diff]5t sanctu>ies4 ,^! fables1 committ$ at fir/ to memory1 _h be5 collect$ 9 sev]al sets ( works :i* 7 call$ cycles4#he ,!re 7 allegorical1 my?ological1 & epic cycles4#hf ,we "k f c]ta9 preci\s texts ( ! anci5ts1 t ^! sorts ( collections op5$ g5]ally ) ! description ( ,*aos1 ) ! m>riage ( ,heav5 & ,e>?2 conta9$ ! g5ealogy ( ! ,gods & ! combats ( ! ,giants2 includ$ ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts1 ! fam\s w>s ( ,!bes & ( ,troy2 ext5d$ z f> z ! arrival ( ,ulysses at ,i?aca1 & t]m9at$ ) ! dea? ( ?is h]o1 caus$ by 8 son ,telegonus4#hg ,! poets :o1 be=e ,hom]1 _h drawn f ^! cycles ! subject ( _! works1 n hav+ p5etrat$ z f> z ! allegorical s5se1 lack+ inspiration1 or be+ f\nd incapable ( r5d]+ x1 lack+ tal5t1 _h produc$ only cold inanimate copies1 depriv$ ( movem5t & grace4 ,!y _h n1 h[ev]1 omitt$ any ( ! exploits ( ,h]cules or ( ,!seus1 nor any ( ! incid5ts ( ! sieges ( ,!bes or ,troy2 & _! muse1 q lifeless1 fatigu$ ! read]s )\t int]e/+ or in/ruct+ !m4#hh ,hom] came4 ,he1 9 8 turn1 glanc$ ov] ?is pile ( sac]dotal traditions1 & rais+ himself by ! =ce ( 8 g5ius alone to ! intellectual pr9ciple :i* _h conceiv$ !m1 he grasp$ ! ensemble1 & felt all its possibilities4 ,! faculties ( 8 s\l & ! preci\s gifts :i* he _h receiv$ f nature _h made him "o ( ^? r>e m5 :o pres5t !mselves1 at long int]vals1 ^u ! sc5e ( ! _w to enlight5 x1 %9+ 9 ! dep?s ( c5turies & s]v+ z tor*es = mank9d4 ,9 :atev] clime1 9 :atev] c>e] de/9y _h plac$ him1 he w\ld h be5 ! =emo/4 ,ev] ! same1 :e!r "u ! ?at*$ ro( or ^u ! ?rone1 z great 9 ,egypt z 9 ,greece1 9 ! ,occid5t z 9 ! ,ori5t ( ,asia1 ev]y:]e he _h comm&$ admiration4 ,"s c5turies e>li] ?is same attribute might h be5 se5 9 ,kri%na or 9 ,orpheus1 "s c5turies lat]1 9 ,py?agoras or 9 ,cyrus4 ,great m5 are always great by _! own greatness4 ,incid5ts :i* dep5d ^u *ance c only modify4 ,hom] 0 de/9$ to poetry by fav\rable circum/ances4 ,born ^u ! bord]s ( ! riv] ,meles1 ( an indig5t "m1 )\t %elt] & )\t k9dr$1 he ow$1 to a s*oolma/] ( ,smyrna :o adopt$ him1 8 e>ly exi/5ce & 8 e>ly in/ructions4 ,he 0 at fir/ call$ ,melesig5es1 f ! place ( 8 bir?4#hi ,pupil ( ,phemius1 he receiv$ f 8 b5evol5t preceptor1 simple b pure ideas1 :i* ! activity ( 8 s\l develop$1 :i* 8 g5ius increas$1 univ]saliz$1 & br\ght to _! p]fection4 ,8 education1 begun ) an assidu\s & s$5t>y /udy1 0 p]fect$ ?r\gh obs]vation4 ,he und]took long j\rneys = ! sole purpose ( in/ruct+ himself4 ,! political conditions1 contr>y to e o!r project1 fav\r$ him4 ,greece1 aft] hav+ %ak5 (f ! yoke ( ! ,phnicians & hav+ become ! fri5d ( ,egypt r ?an h] subject1 comm5c$ to reap ! fruits ( ! beautiful in/itutions t %e _h receiv$ f ,orpheus4 ,p[]ful metropolises arose 9 ! he>t ( ?is c\ntry1 long reg>d$ z a simple colony ( ,asia1 & h] native /r5g? be+ progressively augm5t$ by ! habit ( lib]ty1 %e _h ne$ ( ext5d+ h]self abroad4#ij ,ri* ) ! increase ( population1 %e _h react$ ^u h] anci5t metropolis1 _h tak5 possession ( a great numb] ( cities on ! opposite %ores ( ,asia1 & _h coloniz$ !m4#ia ,phnicia humiliat$1 torn by int]nal diss5sions1#ib toss$ betwe5 ! p[] ( ! ,assyrians & t ( ! ,egyptians1#ic saw ?is same ,greece t %e _h civiliz$ & to :om %e _h giv5 h] gods1 h] laws1 & ev5 ! lett]s ( h] alphabet1 ignore1 d5y h] b5efits1#id take up arms aga9/ h]1 c>ry away h] colonies f ! %ores ( ,italy & ( ,sicily1 & becom+ mi/ress ( ! isl&s ( ! ,ar*ipelago1 te> f h] h] sole rema9+ hope1 ! empire ( ! sea4#ie ,! p ( ,rhodes 7 ov]p[]$4 ,hom]1 ( ,greek nationality al?\gh born 9 ,asia1 pr(it$ by ^! advantages4 ,he set sail 9 a vessel1 ^: patron1 ,m5tes ( ,leucas1 0 8 fri5d1 w&]$ ov] all ! possessions ( ,greece1 visit$ ,egypt1#if & came to settle at ,tyre4 ,?is 0 ! anci5t metropolis ( ,greece1 ! s\rce & sacr$ repository ( h] my?ological traditions4 ,x 0 !re1 9 ?is same temple ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,univ]se1#ig :]e twelve c5turies be=e ,san*onia?on _h come to /udy ! antiquities ( ! _w1#ih t ,hom] 0 able to g back to ! orig9 ( ,greek cult & fa?om ! mo/ hidd5 mean+s ( its my/]ies#ii2 x 0 !re t he *ose ! fir/ & noble/ subject ( 8 *ants1 t :i* con/itutes ! fable ( ! ,iliad4#ajj ,if "o mu/ believe 9 ! v s+ul> acc\nts :i* "t has pres]v$ to u1 ?anks to ! bl9d zeal ( c]ta9 ,*ri/ians :o h treat$ !m z h]esies1 ?is ,hel51 ^: "n appli$ to ! moon signifies ! respl5d5t1 ?is woman :om ,p>is c>ri$ away f h] sp\se ,m5elaus1 is no?+ else ?an ! symbol ( ! human s\l1#aja torn by ! pr9ciple ( g5]ation f t ( ?\ght1 on acc\nt ( :i* ! moral & physical passions decl>e w>4 ,b x w\ld be tak+ me too f> away f my subject1 exam9+ 9 detail :at might be ! mean+ ( ! allegories ( ,hom]4 ,my plan has n be5 to inve/igate ?is mean+ 9 p>ticul>1 b to %[ t x exi/s 9 g5]al4 ,^u ?is po9t ,i h n only ! rational pro( :i* results f ! concat5ation ( my ideas1 b also pro( ( ! fact1 :i* is furni%$ to me by ! te/imonials ( ! anci5ts4 ,^! te/imonials are recogniz$ at e /ep1 9 ! works ( ! philosoph]s & *iefly 9 ^? ( ! ,/oics4 ,only a v sup]ficial erudition is necess>y to be conv9c$ ( ?is4#ajb ,b ,i ought to make an obs]vation1 & ?is obs]vation w be some:at novel3 x is t1 ! poetic inspiration be+ once receiv$ by ! poet & 8 s\l f9d+ itself transport$ into ! intelligible _w1 all ! ideas :i* !n come to him are univ]sal & 9 consequ5ce allegorical4 ,s t no?+ true may exi/ outside ( unity1 & z ev]y?+ t is true is "o & homog5e\s1 x is f\nd t1 al?\gh ! poet gives to 8 ideas a =m det]m9$ 9 ! s5ti5t _w1 ?is =m agrees ) a multitude ( ?+s :i*1 be+ di/9ct 9 _! species1 are n s 9 _! g5us4 ,?is is :y ,hom] has be5 ! man ( all m51 ! type ( all types1 ! fai?ful mirror1#ajc :]e9 all ideas becom+ reflect$ h appe>$ to be creat$4 ,lycurgus read 8 works1 & saw !re a model ( 8 legislation4#ajd ,p]icles & ,alcibiades _h ne$ ( 8 c\nsels2 !y _h rec\rse to him z a model ( /atesm54#aje ,he 0 = ,plato ! fir/ ( ! philosoph]s1 & = ,alex&] ! greate/ ( k+s2 & :at is m extraord9>y /ill1 ev5 ! sect>ians1 divid$ among !mselves1 7 unit$ 9 him4 ,! ,/oics spoke only ( ?is great poet z a rigid foll[] ( ! ,por*#ajf2 at ! ,academy he 0 consid]$ z ! creator ( dialectics2 at ! ,lyceum1 ! disciples ( ,ari/otle cit$ him z a zeal\s dogmati/#ajg2 f9ally1 ! ,epicureans saw 9 him only a man calm & pure1 :o1 satisfi$ ) t tranquil life :]e "o is :olly possess$ by x1 seeks no?+ m4#ajh ,! temples1 :i* dev\t en?usiasm consecrat$ to him1 7 ! r5dezv\s = mank9d4#aji ,su* is ! appanage ( univ]sal ideas3 !y are z ! ,div9ity :i* inspires !m1 all 9 all1 & all 9 ! lea/ p>ts4 ,if1 at ! di/ance :]e ,i am plac$1 ,i %\ld d>e1 trav]s+ ! torr5t ( ages & op9ions1 draw ne> to ,hom] & read ! s\l ( ?is immortal man1 ,i w\ld say1 aft] hav+ grasp$ 9 its entirety ! allegorical g5ius :i* makes ! ess5ce ( poetry1 9 seek+ to give to 8 univ]sal ideas a p>ticul> =m1 t 8 int5tion 0 to p]sonify & pa9t ! passions1 & t x 0 f ?is t epopia _h bir?4 ,i h n suffici5t docum5ts to atte/ positively t ! ^w by :i* "o *>act]izes ?is k9d ( poetry aft] ,hom]1 did n exi/ be=e him2 b ,i h suffici5t to repeat t no "o _h z yet recogniz$ its real nature4#aaj ,! poems ( ,cor9na1 ( ,d>es1 or ( ,dictys1 7 only simple extracts f ! my?ological cycles1 rude copies f c]ta9 !osophical fragm5ts d5ud$ ( life2 ,hom] 0 ! fir/ :o caus$ ! ,voice ( ,impulse1 t is to say ,epopia1 to be und]/ood#aaa3 t k9d ( poetry :i* results f intellectual inspiration unit$ to ! en?usiasm ( ! passions4 ,9 ord] to atta9 to ! p]fection ( ?is k9d ( poetry1 x is necess>y to unite to ! imag9ative faculty :i* fe$s ! g5ius1 ! reason :i* regulates ! impulse1 & ! en?usiasm :i* inflames ! m9d & supplies ! tal5t4 ,hom] unit$ !m 9 ! mo/ em95t degree4 ,?us he possess$ ! fir/ inspiration & ! complete sci5ce1 z mu* 9 its ess5ce z 9 its =m2 = ! poetic =m is always dep5d5t ^u tal5t4 ,?is =m 0 !n highly fav\rable to g5ius4 ,! ,greek v]se1 measur$ by musical rhy?m & fill$ ) a happy bl5d+ ( long & %ort syllables1 _h long s9ce %ak5 (f ! s]vile yoke ( rhyme4 ,n[1 by rhy?m 0 und]/ood ! numb] & respective duration ( ! "t ( :i* a v]se 0 compos$4#aab ,a long syllable 0 equal to a "t divid$ 9 two in/ants1 & equival5t to two %ort syllables4 ,a foot 0 :at we "n today a measure4 ,! foot conta9$ two times1 made up ( two long1 or ( "o long & two %ort syllables4 ,! v]se mo/ commonly us$ 0 ! hexamet]1 t is1 t 9 :i* ! ext5t 0 measur$ by six rhy?mic feet & ( :i* ! :ole duration 0 twelve times4 ,?us poetry receiv$ only ! laws ( rhy?m2 x 0 a k9d ( music ^: p>ticul> h>mony1 free 9 its c\rse1 0 subject only to measure4 ,i h nev] f\nd any au!ntic evid5ce t ! ,greeks _h ev] us$ ! rhyme 9 _! v]se4 ,x is /at$1 h[ev]1 t !y h n diff]$ f o!r nations 9 ?is respect4 ,voltaire said s b )\t pro(4#aac ,:at is mo/ c]ta9 is t1 tak+ ! ^w epos1#aad a v]se1 9 its mo/ re/rict$ acceptance1 express+ a turn1 a turn+ ar\nd aga91 ! e>ly poets con/ruct$ _! v]se 9 =m ( furr[s1 go+ f "r to left & return+ f left to "r4#aae ,happily ?is biz>r]ie did n la/ long4 ,if ! ,greek v]ses _h ?us turn$ "o ^u ano!r1 or if ! rhyme _h =c$ !m to proce$ 9 c\plets b5t b5ea? a s]vile yoke1 ,hom] w\ld n h creat$ ! ,epopia1 or ^! frivol\s ob/acles w\ld h vani%$ be=e him4 ,8 g5ius1 incapable ( endur+ *a9s1 w\ld h refus$ to clo! itself 9 a =m capable ( /ifl+ x4 ,b ?is celebrat$ man w\ld no d\bt h *ang$ x2 "o c judge by ! en]getic mann] ) :i* he attack$ t :i* he f\nd 9 use4 ,! ,greek language1 :i* pres]v$ /ill 9 8 "t some?+ ( ! ,phnician /iffness & ! ,celtic r\ghness1 oblig$ to adapt itself to all ! movem5ts ( 8 imag9ation1 became ! mo/ flexible & ! mo/ h>moni\s dialect ( ! e>?4 ,"o is a/oni%$1 9 read+ 8 works1 at ! boldness ( 8 composition4#aaf ,"o sees him )\t ! lea/ ef=t1 b5d+ words at 8 pleasure1 l5g!n+ !m1 %ort5+ !m to produce some?+ new1 reviv+ ^? no long] 9 use1 unit+ !m1 sep>at+ !m1 dispos+ ( !m 9 an unaccu/om$ ord]1 =c+ !m to adapt !mselves ev]y:]e to ! h>mony t he wi%es to depict1 to s5tim5ts ( elevation1 ( pleasure or t]ror1 t he wi%es to inspire4 ,?us g5ius1 dom9at+ =m1 creates ma/]-pieces2 =m1 on ! contr>y1 comm&+ g5ius1 produces only works ( ! m9d4 ,i mu/ say f9ally & no long] veil f ! att5tion ( my judges1 ! aim ( ?is disc\rse3 :5ev] rhyme exi/s 9 ! poetic =m1 x r5d]s ! =m inflexible1 x br+s ^u x only ! ef=t ( tal5t & r5d]s t ( intellectual inspiration useless4 ,nev] w ! p :o rhyme _! v]ses atta9 to ! height ( poetic p]fection2 nev] w real epopia fl\ri% 9 _! brea/s4 ,!y w he> nei!r ! acc5ts inspir$ by ,orpheus1 nor ! /irr+ & impassion$ h>monies ( ,hom]4 ,f> f draw+ ! allegorical g5ius at its s\rce & receiv+ ! fir/ inspiration1 x w n ev5 recognize ! second "o4 ,its poets w poli% pa9fully c]ta9 impassion$ or descriptive v]ses1 & w call beautiful ! works :i* w only be well done4 ,a rapid glance ov] ! poetic condition ( ! e>? w prove :at ,i h advanc$4 ,b ,i ought to expla9 be=eh& :at ,i und]/& by fir/ & second inspiration2 ! mom5t has arriv$ = hold+ to ! promise t ,i made at ! beg9n+ ( ?is disc\rse4 ,,iv ,y recall1 ,messieurs1 t wi%+1 ) ,*ancellor ,bacon1 to di/+ui% ! ess5ce & ! =m ( ,poetry1 ,i h tak5 my text f ! works ( ,plato4 ,x is aga9 f ?is man1 ju/ly call$ div9e ev5 by 8 rivals1 f ! f\nd] ( ! ,academy1 t ,i h borr[$ ! g]m ( my idea4 ,?is philosoph] comp>es ! effect :i* ! real poets h ^u ^? :o he> !m1 ) ! magnetic /one :i* n only attracts r+s ( iron1 b communicates to !m also ! virtue ( attract+ o!r r+s4#aag ,9 ord] to appreciate well ! =ce ( ?is ?\ght1 & to foll[ all ! inf]5ces1 x is necess>y to /ate a tru? de facto3 namely1 t ! m5 de/9$ by ,provid5ce to reg5]ate ! _w1 9 :atev] mann] x may be1 to op5 any sort ( a c>e]1 are extremely r>e4 ,nature1 docile to ! impulse :i* %e has receiv$ ( br++ all to p]fection by means ( "t1 elaborates sl[ly ! elem5ts ( _! g5ius1 places !m at great di/ances ^u ! e>?1 & makes !m appe> at epo*s v f> remov$ "o f ! o!r4 ,x is necess>y t ^! ev5ts1 :i* det]m9e ^! m5 t[>d an end1 %\ld be br\ght ab\t 9 advance2 t ! physical conditions 9 :i* !y are born co9cide ) ! inspiration :i* att5ds !m2 & !re=e ev]y?+ prep>es1 ev]y?+ protects1 ev]y?+ s]ves ! provid5tial design4 ,^! m51 ?us scatt]$ ov] ! e>?1 come among nations to =m !m1 to give !m laws1 to enlight5 & to in/ruct !m4 ,!y are ! beacon-lights ( mank9d2 ^! are ^? to :om ,i attribute ! fir/ inspiration4 ,?is inspiration is imm$iate2 x emanates f ! fir/ pr9ciple ( all intellig5ce1 9 ! same mann]1 to use ! comp>ison ( ,plato1 t ! magnetic =ce :i* animates ! load/one1 emanates f its cause4 ,x is pr(\ndly hidd5 f our eyes3 x is ?is :i* fires ! g5ius ( a !osophi/ su* z ,?o?1 ,orpheus1 & ,zoroa/]2 ! g5ius ( a !ocrat1 su* z ,kri%na1 ,moses1 or ,mohamm$2 ! g5ius ( a philosoph]1 su* z ,kong-,tse1 ,py?agoras1 or ,socrates2 ! g5ius ( a poet1 su* z ,hom] or ,valmiki2 & ( a triumphant h]o1 su* z ,cyrus1 ,alex&]1 or ,napoleon4 ,^? :o foll[ 9 ! footpr9ts ( ^! primordial m51 :o all[ !mselves to be impress$ by _! g5ius1 receive :at ,i call ! second inspiration4 ,!y c /ill be great m52 = ^? :o assi/ !m are v great2 !y c also communicate ! inspiration1 = x acts 9 !m ) an exub]ant =ce4 ,let u conf9e ourselves to ! poetic inspiration & li/5 to ! voice ( ,plato3 ,! ,muse inspires ! poets directly1 & ^!1 communicat+ to o!rs _! en?usiasm1 =m a *a9 ( inspir$ m54 ,x is by means ( ?is *a9 t ! ,div9ity attracts ! s\ls ( m51 & moves !m at 8 pleasure1 caus+ 8 virtue to pass f l9k to l9k1 f ! fir/ inspir$ poet to ! la/ ( 8 read]s or 8 rhapsodi/s4#aah ,x is by means ( ?is magnetic *a9 t "o c1 9 ano!r sph]e ( movem5t1 expla9 ?is tru? s well kn[n1 t great k+s make great m52 x is also 9 ?is mann] t "o c und]/& h[ a mon>*1 call$ to f\nd a va/ empire1 makes 8 w p5etrate all he>ts1 take possession ( all s\ls1 & propagat+ 8 val\r m & m1 electrify 8 army & fill x ) a multitude ( h]oes4 ,hom] receiv$ !re=e a fir/ inspiration2 he 0 creat$ to become ! poetic motive ( ,europe1 ! pr9ciple ( a magnetiz$ *a9 :i*1 appropriat+ unceas+ly new l9ks1 0 to cov] ,europe ) its numb]less ext5sions4 ,8 fir/ conque/s 7 9 ,greece4 ,8 v]ses1 c>ri$ f city to city by actors kn[n "u ! "n ( rhapsodi/s1#aai excit$ ! ke5e/ en?usiasm2 !y pass$ soon f m\? to m\?1 fix$ ! att5tion ( legislators1 7 ! ornam5t ( ! mo/ brilliant ftes1#abj & became ev]y:]e ! basis ( public in/ruction4#aba ,! secret flame :i* !y conceal$1 becom+ develop$ 9 "y s\ls1 w>m$ !re ! p>ticul> g]m :i* !y possess$1 & accord+ to _! div]s specie & ! f]tility ( ! soil1 br\ght =? _m tal5ts4#abb ,! poets :o 7 f\nd end[$ ) a g5ius va/ en\gh to receive ! second inspiration 9 its entirety1 imitat$ _! model & rais$ !mselves to epopia4 ,antima*us & ,dicog5es are noticeable1 ! "o = 8 ,!bas1 & ! o!r = 8 cypri5 v]ses4#abc ,^? to :om nature _h giv5 passions m g5tle ?an viol5t1 m t\*+ ?an vehem5t1 incl9ations m ru/ic ?an bellicose1 ^: s\ls conta9$ m s5sitiv5ess ?an elevation1 7 l$ to copy c]ta9 isolat$ gr\ps ( ?is va/ tableau1 & plac+ !m1 foll[+ _! ta/es1 9 ! palace or 9 ! ?at*$ cottage1 caus$ acc5ts ( joy or ( sorr[1 ! pla9ts ( h]oes or ! sports ( %eph]ds to be he>d1 & ?us creat$ elegy1 eclogue1 or idyl4#abd ,o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 ^: too vehem5t en?usiasm %ort5$ ! duration ( x1 ^: ke5 fi]y passions _h left little empire = reason1 :o all[$ !mselves to be drawn easily t[>d ! object ( :i* !y 7 mom5t>ily captive1 creat$ ! ode1 di?yramb1 or song1 accord+ to ! nature ( _! g5ius & ! object ( _! passion4 ,^! 7 m num]\s ?an all ! o!rs toge!r1 & ! wom5 :o 7 "h di/+ui%$1 rivall$ & ev5 surpass$ ! m52 ,cor9na & ,myrtis did n yield ei!r to ,/esichorus1#abe or to ,p9d>2 ,sappho & ,telesilla effac$ ,alcu & ,anacreon4#abf ,x is said t ! art ) :i* ,hom] _h put into action gods & m51 _h oppos$ heav5 & e>?1 & depict$ ! combats ( ! passions2 ?is art1 be+ jo9$ to ! mann] 9 :i* ! rhapsodi/s declaim$ 8 poems#abg by alt]nately reliev+ "o ano!r1 & cov]+ !mselves ) g>m5ts ( diff]5t col\rs adapt$ to ! situation1 _h ins5sibly giv5 rise to dramatic /yle & to !atrical repres5tation4#abh ,?is1 true 9 a s5se1 has ne$ ( a di/9ction3 x w s]ve at ! same "t to ?r[ light ^u :at ,i am ab\t to say4 ,"o %\ld rememb] t ! intellectual & rational poetry1 or !osophical & philosophical1 illu/rat$ by ,orpheus & :i* ,hom] _h unit$ ) ! en?usiasm ( ! passions 9 ord] to con/itute epopia1 al?\gh sep>at$ f ! latt]1 exi/$ none ! less4 ,:]eas ! disciples ( ,hom]1 or ! ,hom]id1#abi spread !mselves abroad & took possession ( ! laic or pr(ane _w1 ! religi\s & le>n$ _w 0 always occupi$ by ! disciples ( ,orpheus1 call$ ,eumolpid4#acj ,! hi]ophants & philosoph]s cont9u$ to write z =m]ly ^u !ology & natural philosophy4 ,!re appe>$ f "t to "t !ogonies & cosmological sy/ems1#aca dionysiacs1 h]aclides1#acb oracles1 treatises on nature & moral apologues1 :i* bore no relation to epopia4 ,! hymns or pans :i* _h emanat$ f ! sanctu>ies 9 hon\r ( ! ,div9ity1 _h 9 no wise resembl$ ei!r ! odes or ! di?yrambs ( ! lyric poets#acc3 z mu* z ! =m] 7 vehem5t & passionate1 s mu* ! latt] affect$ to be calm & maje/ic4 ,!re exi/$ !re=e1 at ?is epo*1 two k9ds ( poetry1 equally beautiful :5 !y _h atta9$ _! respective p]fection3 ,eumolpique ,poetry & ,epic ,poetry3 ! fir/1 intellectual & rational2 ! o!r1 intellectual & passionate4 ,h[ev]1 ! div9e my/]ies1 hidd5 f ! pr(ane1 manife/$ to ! initiates 9 ! c]emonies & symbolic fables1 _h n z yet issu$ f ! sanctu>ies3 x _h be5 ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s s9ce !y _h be5 in/itut$ by ,orpheus#acd :5 sudd5ly "o saw = ! fir/ "t c]ta9 ( ^! fables & ^! c]emonies ridicul\sly trave/i$1 transpir+ among ! p & s]v+ !m = amusem5t4 ,! ftes ( ,dionysus1 celebrat$ 9 ! times ( v9tage1 gave place to ?is sort ( pr(anation4 ,! grape-ga!r]s1 besme>$ ) lees1 giv+ way 9 ! intoxication ( w9e to an indiscreet en?usiasm1 began to utt] al\d f _! wagons ! allegories t !y _h le>n$ 9 _! rural initiations4 ,^! allegories1 :i* nei!r ! actors nor ! spectators _h compreh5d$ 9 reality1 appe>$1 nev]!less1 piquant to bo? ?r\gh ! malici\s int]pretations :i* !y gave !m4#ace ,su* 7 ! feeble beg9n+s ( dramatic art 9 ,greece#acf2 !re 0 born ! pr(anation ( ! ,orphic my/]ies1 9 ! same mann] t "o see sit reborn among u1 by ! pr(anation ( ! ,*ri/ian my/]ies4#acg ,b ?is art 0 already old 9 ,asia :5 x sprang up 9 ,europe4 ,i h already said t !re 0 9 ! secret celebration ( ! my/]ies1 v]itable dramatic repres5tations4 ,^! my/ic c]emonies1 copi$ f ^? :i* _h tak5 place 9 ! celebration ( ! ,egyptian my/]ies1 _h be5 br\ght into ,egypt by ! ,indian prie/s at a v remote epo* :5 ! empire ( ,h9du/an _h ext5d$ ov] ?is c\ntry4 ,?is communication1 :i* 0 made f "o p to ano!r1 has be5 demon/rat$ to ! po9t ( evid5ce by ! le>n$ rese>*es ( ! academicians ( ,calcutta1 ,jones1 ,wil=d1 & ,wilk91#ach :o h prov$ :at ,bacon _h previ\sly said 9 speak+ ( ! ,greek traditions1 8t x 0 only a v light air :i*1 pass+ by means ( an anci5t p into ! flutes ( ,greece1 _h be5 modulat$ by !m into s\nds m sweet1 m h>moni\s1 & m con=mable to ! climate & to _! brilliant imag9ation40 ,a s+ul> co9cid5ce1 ,messieurs1 :i* w n escape y\r sagacity1 is t dramatic art1 ^: orig9 is lo/ 9 ,india 9 ! night ( "t1 has likewise _h its bir? 9 ! my/]ies ( religion4 ,x is dur+ ! ,ram-,jatra1 a fte celebrat$ annually 9 hon\r ( ,rama1 ! same z ,dionysus ( ! ,greeks1 or ,bac*us ( ! ,lat9s1 t "o /ill sees !atrical repres5tations :i* h s]v$ z models = ! m regul> works t h be5 made 9 ! c\rse ( "t4#aci ,^! repres5tations1 :i* run ?r\gh ne>ly all ! exploits ( ,rama & ?r\gh ! victory t ?is b5efic5t god ga9$ ov] ,ra:an1 ! pr9ciple ( evil1 are m+l$ ) *ants & recitations exactly z 7 ^? ( ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,y und]/&1 ,messieurs1 t ! fir/ ef=ts ( trag$y 7 to celebrate ! conque/s ( ,bac*us & 8 triumph1 ( :i* t ( ,apollo ov] ! s]p5t ,py?on1 celebrat$ by ! ,py?ian games1 0 ! emblem4#adj ,^? ( ! ,indians :o appe> to h pres]v$ ! mo/ anci5t traditions1 s9ce ! sacr$ books 7 writt5 9 ! ,pali language1 consid]$ z ant]ior to ! ,sanskrit by "s savants1 ! ,burmans1 h f "t immemorial record$ ! my/]ies ( ,rama 9 sc5ic dramas :i* are /ill p]=m$ 9 public on ! fte day ( ?is god4#ada ,i d n consid] x amiss to m5tion "h t ! "n ( ,rama1 :i* 9 ,sanskrit signifies t :i* is dazzl+ & beautiful1 t :i* is sublime & protective1 has _h ! same signification 9 ,phnician1#adb & t x is f ?is same "n to :i* is jo9$ a demon/rative article common to ,aramaic1 ,*aldean1 & ,syriac1 t ! ^w drama#adc is =m$1 & :i* be+ adopt$ by ! ,greek tongue1 has pass$ aft]w>ds into ! ,lat9 tongue & into ours4 ,?is ^w has express$ an action1 because1 9 tru?1 x depicts "o 9 ! my/]ies & besides its primitive root ref]s to regul> movem5t 9 g5]al4 ,b z my purpose is n to foll[ at pres5t dramatic art 9 all its ramifications & z x suffices me to h indicat$ cle>ly ! orig91 ,i return to ,greece4 ,! spectacle ( :i* ,i h spok51 effect ( a ,bac*ic en?usiasm1 & at fir/ ab&on$ to ! caprice ( c]ta9 ru/ic grape-ga!r]s ^: indiscretions did n appe> =midable1 /ruck s =cibly by its novelty & produc$ su* a m>vell\s effect ^u ! p1 t x 0 n long be=e c]ta9 m5 ( mo/ cultivat$ m9ds 7 se5 desir\s ( tak+ "p ei!r f lik+ or f int]e/4 ,!spis & ,sus>ion appe>$ at ! same "t & ea* seiz$1 accord+ to 8 "*1 "o ! noble & s]i\s side & ! o!r ! ridicul\s & amus+ side ( ! my?ological fables2 divid+ ?us f its bir?1 dramatic art & di/+ui%+ x by two k9ds1 trag$y & com$y3 t is1 ! l(ty & au/]e *ant1 & ! joy\s & lascivi\s *ant4#addade ,9 ! meantime1 ! gov]nm5ts1 until !n q indiff]5t to ^! ru/ic amusem5ts1 w>n$ t c]ta9 lib]ties p]mitt$ by ,!spis 7 becom+ too flagrant1 began to see ! pr(anations :i* _h result$1 & ( :i* ! ,eumolpid _h no d\bt po9t$ out ! consequ5ces4#adf ,!y tri$ to prev5t !m1 & ,solon ev5 made a law reg>d+ ?is subject#adg2 b x 0 too late3 ! p attract$ 9 cr[ds to ^! repres5tations1 all in=mal z !y 71 r5d]$ useless ! =esight ( ! legislator4 ,x 0 necess>y to yield to ! torr5t &1 be+ unable to arre/ x1 to /rive at lea/ to re/ra9 x )9 j limits4 ,a cle> field 0 left op5 = ! good t x 0 able to d1 9 f]tiliz+ ! new ideas1 & sev]e rules 7 oppos$ to *eck :atev] dang]s its invasions might h = religion & = cu/oms4 ,! dramatic writ]s 7 p]mitt$ to draw ! subject ( _! pieces f ! s\rce ( ! my/]ies1 b x 0 =bidd5 !m1 "u p5alty ( dea?1 to divulge ! s5se4 s*ylus1 fir/ ( ! dramatic poets1 hav+ involunt>ily violat$ ?is law1 ran ! risk ( los+ 8 life4#adh ,discrim9at+ judges 7 e/abli%$ to pron\nce ^u ! excell5cy ( ! works (f]$ 9 ! competition1 & "o 0 v c>eful n to ab&on oneself at fir/ to ! passionate acclamations ( ! p1 & ! approbations or disapprobations ( ! maxims :i* 7 !re9 conta9$4#a ,^! judges1 pr(ici5t 9 ! k ( music & ( poetry1 _h to li/5 9 sil5ce until ! end1 & ma9ta9 all 9 ord] & dec5cy4 ,plato attributes to ! desuetude into :i* ?is law fell1 & to ! absolute dom9ion :i* ! p assum$ ov] ! !atre1 ! fir/ decad5ce ( ! art & its entire corruption4 s*ylus1 :om ,i h j nam$1 0 ! true creator ( dramatic art4 ,/rong ) ! inspiration :i* he _h receiv$ f ,hom]1#aej he transport$ into trag$y ! /yle ( epopia1 & animat$ x ) a music grave & simple4#aea ,n cont5t ) ! moral beauties ) :i* 8 g5ius embelli%$ x1 he wi%$ t music1 pa9t+1 & danc+ might l5d _! aid & contribute to ! illusion ( ! s5ses4 ,he caus$ a !atre to be built :]e ! mo/ +5i\s devices1 ! mo/ magnific5t decorations display$ _! magic effects4#aeb ,"o saw 9 ! trag$y ( ,prome!us1 ! e>? trembl+1 cl\ds ( du/ ris+ 9 ! air2 "o he>d ! :i/l+ ( w9d1 ! cra% ( ?und]2 "o 0 dazzl$ by ! lightn+s4#aec ,old ,ocean appe>$ ^u ! waves1 & ,m]cury came f ! heights ( heav5 to ann\nce ! comm&s ( ,jupit]4 ,9 ! trag$y ( ! ,eum5ides1 ^! inf]nal div9ities appe>$ ^u ! sc5e to ! numb] ( fifty1 clo!d 9 black robes2 blood-/a9$1 ! head bri/l+ ) s]p5ts1 hold+ 9 "o h& a tor* & 9 ! o!r a la%4#aed ,!y repli$ to ! %ade ( ,clytemne/ra1 :o invok$ !m1 by a *oir ( music s frightful1 t a g5]al t]ror hav+ /ruck ! assembly1 c]ta9 ( ! wom5 exp]i5c$ premature pa9s ( conf9em5t4#aee ,"o feels1 aft] ?is1 t ,greek trag$y _h 9 its !atrical =ms1 mu* 9 common ) our mod]n op]as2 b :at em95tly di/+ui%es x is t1 hav+ come =? complete f ! dep?s ( ! sanctu>ies1 x possess$ a moral s5se :i* ! initiates und]/ood4 ,?is is :at put x above any?+ t we might be able to conceive today2 :at gave x an ine/imable price4 ,:]eas ! vulg>1 dazzl$ only by ! pomp ( ! spectacle1 allur$ by ! beauty ( ! v]se & ! music1 enjoy$ m]ely a fleet+ gratification1 ! wise ta/$ a pleasure m pure & m durable1 by receiv+ ! tru? 9 _! he>ts ev5 f ! deceitful delusions ( ! s5ses4 ,?is pleasure 0 z mu* great] z ! inspiration ( ! poet _h be5 m p]fect1 & z he _h succe$$ bett] 9 mak+ ! allegorical _s felt1 )\t betray+ ! veil :i* cov]$ x4 s*ylus w5t fur!r 9 compreh5sion ( ! subject ?an any ( 8 successors4 ,8 plans 7 ( an extreme simplicity4 ,he deviat$ little f ! my?ological tradition4#aef ,all 8 ef=ts t5d$ only to give light to _! tea*+s1 to p5etrate into _! hidd5 beauties4 ,! *>act]s ( 8 h]oes1 /rongly drawn1 su/a9$ !m at heights :]e ,hom] _h plac$ !m4 ,he caus$ t]ror to pass be=e !m t !y might be fright5$4#aeg ,8 aim 0 to lead !m to virtue by t]ror1 & to inspire ! s\l ) a =ce capable ( resi/+ alike ! intoxications ( prosp]ity & ! disc\ragem5ts ( pov]ty4 ,sophocles & ,euripides foll[$ closely s*ylus & surpass$ him 9 c]ta9 portions ( ! art2 ! fir/1 ev5 triumph$ ov] him 9 ! eyes ( ! multitude#aeh2 b ! small numb] ( sages1 fai?ful to ! true pr9ciples1 reg>d$ him always z ! fa!r ( trag$y4#aei ,"o c admit t ,sophocles 0 m p]fect 9 ! conduct ( 8 plans1 9 ! regul>ity ( 8 /yle#afj2 t ,euripides 0 m natural & m t5d]1 m skilful 9 ar\s+ int]e/1 9 /irr+ ! passions#afa2 b ^! p]fections1 result+ f ! =m1 _h n be5 acquir$ )\t ! v ess5ce ( drama be+ alt]$2 t is to say1 )\t ! allegorical g5ius :i* _h presid$ at ! composition ( ! fables t ! poets _h always drawn f ! religi\s my/]ies1 suff]+ _m deviations1 :i* r5d]$ x (t5 unrecognizable ?r\gh ! =eign adornm5ts ) :i* x 0 burd5$4 ,sophocles & above all ,euripides1 by devot+ !mselves to p]fect+ ! =m1 really h>m$ !re=e ! pr9ciple ( ! art & ha/5$ its corruption4 ,if ! laws :i* _h at fir/ be5 promulgat$ aga9/ ^? :o 9 treat+ ( ! tragic subjects vilifi$ ! my/]i\s s5se _h be5 execut$1 ,euripides w\ld n h be5 all[$ to depict s _m h]oes degrad$ by adv]sity1 s _m pr9cesses l$ a/ray by love1 s _m sc5es ( %ame1 ( sc&al1 & ( crime#afb2 b ! p1 already degrad$ & bord]+ ^u corruption1 all[$ !mselves to be drawn along by ^! dang]\s tableaux & ha/5$ half-way to meet ! poison$ cup :i* 0 (f]$ to !m4 ,x mu/ c&idly be admitt$1 t x is to ! v *>m ( ^! tableaux1 to ! tal5t ) :i* ,euripides und]/ood h[ to col\r !m1 t ! decad5ce ( ,a!nian mann]s & ! fir/ h>m done to ! purity ( religion mu/ be attribut$4 ,! !atre1 hav+ become ! s*ool ( ! passions1 & (f]+ to ! s\l no spiritual n\ri%m5t1 op5$ a door ?r\gh :i* d\bt1 contempt1 & d]ision = ! my/]ies1 ! mo/ sacrilegi\s audacity1 & utt] =getfulness ( ! ,div9ity1 ins9uat$ !mselves ev5 unto ! sanctu>ies4 s*ylus _h repres5t$ 9 8 h]oes1 sup]natural p]sonages#afc2 ,sophocles pa9t$ simple h]oes1 & ,euripides1 *>act]s (t5 less ?an m54#afd ,n[ ^! p]sonages 71 9 ! eyes ( ! p1 ei!r *ildr5 ( ! gods1 or ! gods !mselves4 ,:at idea c\ld be =m$ !n ( _! weaknesses1 ( _! crimes1 ( _! odi\s or ridicul\s conduct1 p>ticul>ly :5 ^! weaknesses or ^! crimes 7 no long] repres5t$ z allegories f :i* x 0 necess>y to seek ! mean+1 b z hi/orical ev5ts or frivol\s plays ( ! imag9ation8 ,! p1 accord+ to ! degree ( _! intellig5ce1 became ei!r impi\s or sup]/iti\s2 ! savants pr(ess$ to d\bt all1 & ! influ5tial m51 by feign+ to believe all1 reg>d$ all p>ties ) an equal indiff]5ce4 ,?is is exactly :at happ5$4 ,! my/]ies became corrupt because "o 0 accu/om$ to reg>d !m z corrupt2 & ! p became intol]ant & fanatical1 ea* "o cr++ ) fe>1 le/ he be judg$ :at he really 01 namely1 impi\s4 ,su* 0 ! effect ( dramatic art 9 ,greece4 ,?is effect1 at fir/ imp]ceptible1 became manife/ to ! eyes ( ! sages1 :5 ! p became ! dictators ( ! !atre & ignor$ ! judges nam$ to pron\nce ^u ! works ( ! poets2 ,:5 ! poets1 jeal\s ( obta9+ ! approval ( ! multitude1 consult$ its ta/e r ?an tru?1 its v]satile passions r ?an reason1 & sacrific$ to its caprices ! laws ( hone/y & excell5ce4#afd ,z soon z trag$y1 disp>ag+ ! my/]ies ( ! fables _h trans=m$ !m into hi/orical facts1 x ne$$ only a /ep to raise hi/orical facts to ! rank ( subjects ( trag$y4 ,phryni*us 01 x is said1 ! fir/ :o _h ?is audacity4 ,he produc$ 9 ! !atre1 ! ,conque/ ( ,miletus4#aff ,! p ( ,a!ns1 ) a :imsicality :i* is *>act]i/ic ( !m1 condemn$ ! poet to a v heavy f9e1 = hav+ disobey$ ! law & cr[n$ him because ( ! te>s :i* !y %$ at ! repres5tation ( 8 "w4 ,b ?is 0 n en\gh1 conf\nd+ ?us reality & allegory2 soon1 sacr$ & pr(ane ?+s 7 m+l$ by =g+ )\t any k9d ( moral aim1 subjects :olly false & fanta/ic4 ,! poet ,aga?on1 :o 0 ! au?or ( ?is new pr(anation _h be5 ! fri5d ( ,euripides4#afg ,he prov$ ?us t he knew no?+ ( ! ess5ce ( dramatic poetry & makes x d\btful :e!r ,euripides knew x any bett]4 ,?us1 9 ! space ( less ?an two c5turies1 trag$y1 borne ^u ! c> ( ,!spis1 elevat$ by s*ylus to a nobl] !atre1 c>ri$ to ! highe/ degree ( spl5d\r by ,sophocles1 _h already become weak5$ 9 ! h&s ( ,euripides1 _h lo/ ! memory ( its cele/ial orig9 ) ,aga?on1 & ab&on$ to ! caprices ( a populace z imp]i\s z ignorant1 incl9$ t[>d a rapid deg5]ation4#afh ,com$y less res]v$ did n h a happi] de/9y4 ,aft] hav+ hurl$ its fir/ d>ts ^u ! h]oes & demi-gods ( ,greece1 hav+ tak5 possession ( c]ta9 v ungu>d$ allegories1 to turn ev5 ! gods to ridicule#afi2 aft] hav+ d]id$ ,prome!us & ,triptolemus1 ,bac*us & ! ,bac*antes1 aft] hav+ made sport ( heav5 & e>?1 ( ! gold5 age & ! seasons#agj2 x attack$ m5 9 g5]al & 9 p>ticul>1 ridicul$ _! absurdities1 pursu$ _! vices1 real or imag9>y1 & deliv]$ !m bo? unsp>+ly1 )\t pity1 to d]ision & contempt4#aga ,epi*>mus1 :o gave c]ta9 rules to ! indec5t f>ces ( ,sus>ion1 0 foll[$ by ,magnes1 ,crat9us1 ,eupolis1 & a cr[d ( o!r comic poets1 until ,ari/ophanes ^: bitt] satires no long] f9d+ suffici5t influ5ce 9 c]ta9 obscure ridicules1 appli$ !mselves to disp>ag+ sci5ce & virtue1 & tw5ty ye>s be=eh&1 prep>$ & env5om$ ! hemlock by :i* ,socrates 0 poison$4 ,x is true t "s "t aft]1 ,m5&] tri$ to re=m ?is t]rible abuse & gave to com$y a =m less revolt+2 b he 0 only able to d s by deta*+ x completely f its orig91 t is to say1 by sev]+ x f all t x _h pres]v$1 intellectually & allegorically1 & r$uc+ x to ! repres5tation ( c]ta9 tableaux & c]ta9 ev5ts ( ! social life4 ,9 go+ back1 z ,i h j done1 to ! orig9 ( poetic sci5ce 9 ord] to di/+ui% fir/1 its ess5ce f its =m & aft]w>ds1 to foll[ its div]se developm5ts1 9 g5us & 9 k9d1 ,i h relat$ _m ?+s & cit$ a great numb] ( subjects ) :i* y are famili>2 b y w no d\bt excuse1 ,messieurs1 ^! num]\s rem9isc5ces & citations1 9 reflect+ t al?\gh b little necess>y = y1 !y 7 inf9itely s = me1 s9ce pres5t+ myself 9 ! li/s & wi%+ to give an add$ =m to ?is sci5ce :i* belongs to y1 ,i mu/ prove to y t ,i h at lea/ /udi$ x pr(\ndly4 ,v ,n[1 summ+ up :at ,i h said1 x w be f\nd t poetry1 entirely intellectual 9 its orig9 & de/9$ only to be ! language ( ! gods1 ow$ its fir/ developm5ts 9 ,greece to ,orpheus1 its second to ,hom]1 & its la/ to s*ylus4 ,^! ?ree creative m51 seiz+ ! diff]5t g]ms ( ?is sci5ce /ill %r\d$ 9 _! =mless rudim5ts1 w>m$ !m ) ! fire ( _! g5ius & accord+ to ! p>ticul> inspiration ( ea*1 l$ !m to ! p]fection ( :i* !y 7 susceptible4 ,all ?ree ( !m 7 ! object ( a fir/ inspiration1 al?\gh influ5c$ "o by ! o!r1 & 7 able to communicate ! magnetic p[] to new disciples4 ,orpheus possessor ( intellectual & rational poetry1 con/itut$ t :i* ,i call ,eumolpia1 :i*1 be+ divid$ into !osophy & philosophy1 produces all ! works :i* treat ( ! ,div9ity1 ( ! ,univ]se1 ( ,nature1 & ( ,man 9 g5]al4#agb ,hom]1 9 jo9+ to ?is spiritual poetry ! en?usiasm ( ! passions1 creat$ ,epopia1 ^: magnific5t g5us envelops a multitude ( specie1 :]e ! intellectual faculty & passion dom9ate ) m or less en]gy "u ! influ5ce ( imag9ation4 ,hom] r5d]$ s5ti5t t :i* 0 intelligible & p>ticul>iz$ t :i* ,orpheus _h left univ]sal3 s*ylus1 try+ to br+ into action :at ^! two div9e m5 _h left ) pot5tiality1 =m$ ! idea ( dramatic or active poetry1 9 :i* he claim$ to include :atev] ,eumolpia & ,epopia _h 9 common1 t 0 moral1 allegorical1 & passionate4 ,he w\ld h succe$$1 p]haps1 & !n w\ld h produc$ ! mo/ p]fect "w ( ?\ght1 passion1 & action possible = m51 conceiv$ by g5ius & execut$ by tal5t2 b ,greece1 exhau/$ by ! abundant h>ve/ obta9$ by ,orpheus & ,hom]1 lack$ ! sap to give n\ri%m5t to ?is new plant4 ,corrupt$ 9 its g]m1 ?is plant deg5]at$ rapidly1 det]iorat$1 & put =? only a va9 %[ ( bran*es )\t elevation & )\t virtue4 ,! h]oes ( ,!rmopyl succumb$ "u ! burd5 ( _! laurels4 ,giv5 ov] to a fooli% arrogance1 !y cov]$ ) an unju/ contempt _! preceptors & _! fa!rs2 !y p]secut$1 !y assass9at$ _! def5d]s & _! sages &1 base tyrants ( ! !atre1 !y prep>$ !mselves to b[ ! head b5ea? ! yoke ( ! k+ ( ,mac$onia4 ,?is k+1 victor at ,*ronea1 became arbit] ( ,greece1 & 8 son1 provid5tial in/rum5t ( ! asc5dancy :i* ,europe 0 to h ov] ,asia1 cross+ ! ,hellespont at ! head ( an army t 8 g5ius alone r5d]$ =midable1 ov]?rew ! empire ( ,cyrus & /ood = a mom5t ^u its dbris3 ,i say = a mom5t1 because x 0 n "h t ! new empire 0 to be e/abli%$3 ,europe _h /ill obey$2 %e 0 "o day to comm&4 ,rome 0 already1 9 ! ?\ght ( ! future1 ! culm9at+ po9t ( ! e>?4 ,a few c5turies suffic$ = ?is city1 !n unkn[n1#agc to atta9 to ! height ( glory4 ,em]g+ f h] obscurity1 conqu]+ ,pyrrhus1 dom9at+ ,italy1 combat+ & ov]?r[+ ,c>?age1 conqu]+ ,greece1 & trampl+ "u foot tw5ty diadems borne by ! successors ( ,alex&]1 0 = ?is ambiti\s ,republic ! "w ( a few c5turies4 ,b x is n true1 al?\gh c]ta9 m5 ^: virtue 0 n enlight5$ by ! tor* ( exp]i5ce may h be5 able to say x2 x is n true t a republic1 already p]plex$ 9 gov]n+ itself1 c gov]n ! _w4 ,x requires an empire1 & ?is empire is creat$4 ,cs> laid its f\ndation1 ,augu/us /r5g!n$ x4 ,! sci5ces & arts1 br\ght to ,rome f ! he>t ( ,greece1 came out !n f _! le?>gy & fl\ri%$ ) a new clat4 ,poetry1 especially1 f\nd numb]less admir]s4 ,v]gil1 /rongly attract$ by ! magnetic flame ( ,hom]1 d>$ to tread 9 8 light1 ov]?rew all ! ob/acles t "t _h rais$1 & draw+ ne> to ?is div9e model1 receiv$ f him ! second inspiration )\t int]m$i>y & )\t rival4 ,ovid1 less det]m9$1 hov]+ betwe5 ,orpheus & ,hom]1 succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 unit+ ! second inspiration ( ! "o to ! ?ird inspiration ( ! o!r1 & left 9 8 book ( ,metamorphoses a monum5t n less brilliant & m inimitable ?an ! neid4 ,horace1 little satisfi$ ) succe$+ ,p9d>1 s\ght & f\nd ! means ( unit+ to ! en?usiasm ( ! passions ! calm ( rational poetry1 &1 e/abli%+ himself a legislator ( ,p>nassus1 dictat$ laws to ! poets1 or je]$ at ! absurdities ( m54 ,?is poetry ( reason _h long s9ce fall5 into desuetude4 ,! false movem5t t dramatic poetry _h tak5 9 ,greece1 ! contempt t x _h come to inspire = gods & m51 _h react$ ^u x4 ,! philosoph]s1 disda9+ a sci5ce :i*1 by its own admission1 0 f\nd$ ^u falsehood1 _h driv5 x f _! writ+s4 ,z mu* z !y se>*$ = x1 :5 !y believ$ x an emanation ( ! ,div9ity1 s mu* _h !y fl$ f x s9ce !y _h come to see 9 x only ! va9 production ( an ins5sate delirium4 ,"h is an obs]vation1 ,messieurs1 some:at new1 ) :i* ,i may engage y\r att5tion3 ! fir/ com$ies appe>$ five hundr$ & eighty ye>s be=e our era1 :i* 0 ab\t tw5ty ye>s aft] ,ph]ecydes wrote ! fir/ "w 9 prose4#agd ,?is philosoph] d\btless1 did n believe t a language pro/itut$ to ! burlesque p>odies ( ,sus>ion %\ld be useful fur!r to ! m$itations ( ! sages4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 t at long int]vals c]ta9 philosoph]s su* z ,emp$ocles1 ,p>m5ides1 & _m o!rs ( _! disciples1 h n writt5 9 v]se#age2 b ! rema9s ( ! anci5t usage soon gave way1 especially :5 ,plato _h embelli%$ prose ) ! *>m ( 8 captivat+ eloqu5ce4 ,be=e ?is philosoph]1 ,h]odotus _h read 9 ! assembly ( ! ,olympic games an hi/ory ( ,greece connect$ ) t ( ! great] "p ( ! neighb\r+ nations4#agf ,?is "w1 writt5 9 a flu5t /yle1 cle> & p]suasive1 _h s en*ant$ ! ,greeks1 t !y _h giv5 to ! n9e books :i* he compos$1 ! names ( ! n9e ,muses4 ,nev]!less1 an obs]vation :i* w n be :olly =eign "h1 is1 t ! admission ( prose 9 philosophy1 in/ead ( rational poetry1 produc$ a /yle ( "w hi!rto unkn[n1 & ( :i* ! mod]ns made mu*2 ,i am speak+ ( positive hi/ory4 ,be=e ?is epo*1 hi/ory writt5 9 v]se 01 z ,i h said1 allegorical & figurative1 & 0 occupi$ only ) ! masses )\t respect to individuals4 ,?us ! evil :i* result$ on ! "o side1 f ! degradation exp]i5c$ by poetry 9 "o ( its bran*es1 0 balanc$ by ! good :i* 0 promis$ on ! o!r1 f ! purification ( prose = ! advancem5t ( exact k4 ,b return+ to :at ,i said j n[ on ! subject ( rational poetry1 jo9$ by ! ,romans to ! passionate "p ( t sci5ce1 ,i w say t ?is union creat$ a new /yle1 ( :i* ,horace 0 ! orig9ator3 ?is 0 ! didactic /yle4 ,?is /yle ought n to be confus$ ) rational poetry1 ( :i* ,hesiod has made use 9 8 poem ( ,works & ,days1 & :i* p]ta9s to ,eumolpia2 nor ) pure rational poetry1 su* z "o f9ds 9 ! writ+s ( ,p>m5ides & ,emp$ocles3 x is a sort ( poetry :i*1 atta*+ itself to =m alone1 dep5ds mu* ^u dramatic art4 ,! didactic1 satirical1 or simply descriptive poet is simil> to an actor on ! /age declaim+ a long monologue4 ,rational poetry 0 welcom$ at ,rome1 & drawn f ! long oblivion into :i* x _h fall51 by ,lucretius :o1 be+ inspir$ by ! works ( ,leucippus & ( ,epicurus#agg wrote a book ^u ! nature ( ?+s1 :i* has nev] be5 z yet well compreh5d$ or well translat$1 ! language n be+ und]/ood4 ,com$y1 re=m$ by ,m5&]1 0 aga9 improv$ by ,plautus & by ,t]5ce :o acquir$ mu* reputation 9 ?is /yle2 z to dramatic art 9 itself1 x rema9$ 9 its in]tia4 ,! ,romans hav+ ! same gods & ne>ly ! same my?ology z ! ,greeks1 7 nei!r suffici5tly elevat$ 9 intellig5ce to re9/ate ?is art & make ( x ! ma/]piece ( ! human m9d2 nor suffici5tly advanc$ 9 exact k to *ange :olly its =ms & make ( x1 z we h1 a new art1 :5ce allegory & ! moral "p ( ,eumolpia h be5 completely bani%$4 ,b :at ! ,romans 7 unable to d = dramatic art1 !y un=tunately 7 able to d = ,epopia4 ,c]ta9 writ]s1 able v]sifi]s1 b absolutely depriv$ ( intellectual inspiration1 incapable ( di/+ui%+ 9 poetry ! ess5ce f ! =m1 foll[+ :at ! deg5]at$ !atre & ! inspir$ declamations ( ,euhem]us#agh _h taught !m1 imag9$ fooli%ly t ! gods & h]oes ( antiquity hav+ be5 only m5 /rong] & m p[]ful ?an ! o!rs1 my?ology 0 only a crude collection ( hi/oric facts disfigur$1 & ,epopia only an emphatic disc\rse ^u ^! same facts4#agi ,!reupon !y believ$ t x 0 only a "q ( tak+ any hi/oric subject :atev]1 & relat+ x 9 v]se ) c]ta9 embelli%m5ts1 to create an epic poem4 ,lucan & ,silius ,italicus1 9 *oos+1 ! "o ! mis=tunes ( ,pompey1 & ! o!r ! victories ( ,hannibal1 consid]$ !mselves sup]ior to ,hom] or ,v]gil1 z mu* z !y suppos$ ,rome or ,c>?age sup]ior to ,ilium4 ,b a j po/]ity1 not)/&+ ! prejudices ( _! panegyri/s1 has put !m 9 _! place4 ,x has consid]$ !m m]ely ! inv5tors ( a k9d ( ba/>d poetry1 :i* might be call$ hi/oric poetry4 ,?is poetry1 entirely sep>at$ f ,eumolpia1 ^: moral ess5ce x is unable to realize1 pres]ves only ! mat]ial & physical =ms ( true ,epopia4 ,x is a body )\t s\l1 :i* is mov$ by a me*anical ma9spr+ appli$ by a skilful workman4 ,z to ! poetic =m 9 itself1 its only po9t ( v>iance ) ! ,greeks & ,romans 0 t ( elegance4 ,! v]ses writt5 9 ! same mann]1 dep5d$ likewise ^u a fix$ numb] ( "t or ( feet regulat$ by musical rhy?m4 ,if rhyme _h be5 admitt$ !re 9 ! fir/ ages1 x _h be5 exclud$ e>ly en\gh s t !re rema9$ no long] ! lea/ trace ( x4 ,! ,lat9 tongue1 v f> f ! ,greek 9 flexibility1 v>iety1 & h>mony1 = a long "t treat$ ) contempt by ! ,greeks :o1 reg>d+ x z a b>b>\s dialect1 only le>n$ x ) repugnance#ahj2 ! ,lat9 tongue1 ,i say1 unpleas+1 obscure1 n ev5 support+ ! m$iocrity ( ord9>y elocution1 became1 ?r\gh ! labori\s ef=ts ( its writ]s1 a tongue :i* 9 ! works ( ,v]gil1 = example1 atta9$ su* a p]fection1 t x came to be d\bt$1 ow+ to ! grace1 ! ju/ice1 & ! =ce ( its expression1 :e!r ! au?or ( ! neid did n surpass ! au?or ( ! ,iliad4 ,su* is ! empire ( =ms4 ,!y alone make problematical t :i*1 9 its ess5ce1 %\ld n be subject to ! lea/ discussion4 ,b at la/ ! ,roman ,eagle1 aft] hav+ so>$ "s "t 9 ! univ]se & cov]$ ) 8 ext5d$ w+s ! mo/ beautiful c\ntries ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa1 fatigu$ by its own triumphs1 sank d[n aga91 all[$ its p[] to be divid$1 & f ! summit ( ?is same ,capitol1 :5ce x _h = su* a long "t hurl$ its ?und]bolts1 saw ! vultures ( ! ,nor? divide among !m its spoils4 ,! my?ological religion1 misund]/ood 9 its pr9ciples1 attack$ 9 its =ms1 giv5 ov] to ! corruption ( ?+s & m51 _h disappe>$ to give place to a new religion1 :i* born 9 obscurity1 0 rais$ imp]ceptibly f ! ranks ( ! humble/ citiz5s to ! imp]ial ?rone4 ,con/ant9e1 :o 9 embrac+ ! ,*ri/ian cult _h consolidat$ t religi\s revolution1 believ$ himself able to br+ ab\t ano!r 9 politics1 by transf]r+ ! seat ( 8 empire to ! ,bosphorus4 ,hi/orians h (t5 blam$ ?is la/ movem5t2 b !y h n se5 t ,provid5ce1 9 inspir+ ?is division ( ! empire1 =esaw t ! d>kness ( ignorance roll+ ) ! waves ( ! b>b>ians 0 ab\t to ext5d z f> z ,rome1 & t x w\ld be necess>y to conc5trate at "o po9t a "p ( ! le>n+1 9 ord] to save x f ! g5]al ru94 ,:]eas ! ,empire ( ! ,occid5t1 assail$ on all sides by ! hordes f ! ,nor?1 0 ov]?r[n1 torn1 divid$ into numb]less small sov]eignties ^: ext5t 0 (t5 limit$ to ! donjon :]e ! sov]eign resid$2 ! ,empire ( ! ,ori5t su/a9$ ! weight ( ! hordes f ! ,s\?1 n\ri%$ cont9ually 9 its mid/ c]ta9 m51 gu>dians ( ! sacr$ fire ( sci5ce1 & did n fall until m ?an n9e c5turies lat]2 & le>n+1 comm5c+ its revival 9 ! ,occid5t1 put m9ds 9 condition !re1 to appreciate ! models :i* 7 ab\t to be pres5t$ to !m & r5d]$ !m capable ( receiv+ _! inspiration4 ,x 0 a v rem>kable epo*1 ,messieurs1 :i* saw gr\p$ ab\t x 9 ! space ( less ?an a half c5tury & co9cid5t ) ! d[nfall ( ! ,empire ( ! ,ori5t1 ! use ( gunp[d]1 ( ! compass1 ( ! telescope 9 ! ,occid5t2 ! inv5tion ( engrav+ ^u copp]1 t ( movable *>act]s = pr9t+1 ! ext5sion ( comm]ce & navigation by ! passage ar\nd ! cape ( ,/orms1 & f9ally ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,x 0 a v extraord9>y c5tury1 9 :i* 7 born ,mohamm$ ,,ii4 & ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 ,vasco da ,gama & ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 ,!odoros ,gaza & ,pico della ,mir&ola1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,boj>do1 ,leo ,x4 & ,lu!r4 ,aft] ! invasion ( ! b>b>ians1 ,*ri/ian ,europe _h lo/ its political unity3 x 0 z a great republic ^: divid$ memb]s1 /ruggl+ cont9u\sly "o aga9/ ! o!r1 te>+ by turn a %ad[ ( supremacy1 7 ! realms1 ! pontifical or laic pr9cipalities1 ! republics1 ! free & comm]cial cities4 ,! two *iefs ( ?is gigantic & badly organiz$ body1 ! ,g]man ,emp]or & ! ,pope1 bi%op ( ,rome1 7 ve/$ only ) a gr&eur ( op9ion2 _! real p[] 0 void3 !y 7 no?+ m1 9 fact1 ?an t :i* !y appe>$ 9 =m4 ,s9ce ,*>lemagne1 :o1 9 a c5tury ( d>kness enlight5$ ) 8 own g5ius1 _h _h ! =ce to grasp ! dbris ( ! empire1 unit+ !m 9 8 h& & giv+ !m a mom5t>y exi/5ce1 x _h n _h an emp]or4 ,! va9 ef=ts ( ,hildebr& & ( ,*>les ,v4 _h s]v$ only at diff]5t times & "u diff]5t conditions to demon/rate _! impot5ce4 ,x 0 res]v$ = a mu* great] man to dom9ate ,europe reg5]at$ by viol5t %ocks1 & to %[ to ! univ]se ! legitimate successor ( ,augu/us wrea!d ) ! imp]ial cr[n4 ,b )\t 9 any way anticipat+ "t1 )\t ev5 leav+ our subject :i* is poetry1 let u cont9ue to foll[ ! developm5ts ( ?is sci5ce4 ,! orig9al poets ( ,greece & ,rome1 br\ght into ,italy by ! savants :om ! tak+ ( ,con/ant9ople =c$ to g back t[>ds ! ,occid5t ( ,europe1 br\ght !re an unexpect$ brilliancy1 :i*1 ) ! anci5t g]ms deeply buri$ 9 its mid/1 soon awak5$ c]ta9 new g]ms t ! peculi> circum/ances _h also br\ght !re4 ,9 expla9+ :at ^! g]ms 71 ,i am giv+ occasion = ?9k]s to make c]ta9 reflections1 & critics to =m c]ta9 s+ul> conjectures ^u works hi!rto badly judg$4 ,x is necess>y at fir/1 t ,i repeat a tru? :i* ,i h already said3 t intellectual nature is always "o & ! same1 :]eas physical nature v>ies1 *anges unceas+ly ) "t & place1 & is modifi$ 9 a ?\s& ways accord+ to circum/ances4 ,n[1 x is ?is latt] nature :i* gives ! =m1 t is to say1 :i* r5d]s s5ti5t & p>ticul> t :i* ! =m] gives to x z univ]sal & intelligible2 s t its aptitude m or less great1 9 receiv+ & 9 work+ ^u ! intellig5ce1 c make ! ?+s :i* are m homog5e\s 9 _! pr9ciple appe> m dissimil> 9 _! effect4 ,i w give a pro(4 ,:il/ ! mo/ pr(\nd obscurity cov]$ ,europe1 :il/ ignorance spread on all sides its baleful veils1 !re 7 f\nd1 h[ev]1 at long int]vals1 c]ta9 privileg$ m51 :o1 rais+ !mselves above ^! ?ick vap\rs1 came to grasp c]ta9 fa9t glimm]+s ( ! light %9+ always above !m4 ,^! m5 possessors ( su* r>e gifts1 w\ld h inde$ wi%$ to communicate !m to _! contempor>ies1 b if !y imprud5tly op5$ _! m\?s1 ! bl9d & fanatic horde :i* surr\nd$ !m cri$ out =?) aga9/ ! h]etic1 ! magician1 ! sorc]]1 & conduct$ !m to torture z ! price ( _! lessons4#aha ,aft] sev]al sorry examples1 ^! m51 hav+ become prud5t1 assum$ ! "p ( sil5ce by retir+ into mona/]ies or h]mitages1 /udy+ ,nature !re 9 quietude1 & pr(it+ alone by _! discov]ies4 ,if c]ta9 ones /ill d>$ to speak1 x 0 by borr[+ ! /yle ( religion1 or hi/ory1 div]t+ f ! ord9>y s5se c]ta9 ideas receiv$1 expla9+ !mselves by enigmas1 or by figures1 :i*1 :5 necess>y1 !y 7 able to expla9 z !y wi%$4 ,among ?is numb] 0 a man ( /rong imag9ation & ( a g5ius really poetic1 :o1 hav+ grasp$ c]ta9 tru?s ( nature1 & judg+ x prop] n to divulge !m1 took ! exp$i5t ( enclos+ !m 9 a book :i* he entitl$3 ,les ,faits et ,ge/es de ,*>les-,magne4 ,?is extraord9>y man :o has1 9 ^! mod]n times1 obta9$ an asc5dancy great] ?an "o c\ld ev] h imag9$1 s9ce he is ! vital s\rce :5ce h come all ! ord]s1 all ! in/itutions ( *ivalry ) :i* ,europe has be5 inundat$2 ?is man1 ,i say1 0 a monk ( ,sa9t-,&r de ,vi5ne1 liv+ f ! t5? to ! elev5? c5tury & p]haps a little be=e4#ahb ,! book t he compos$ _h a success z mu* ! m prodigi\s z x 0 misund]/ood1 & su* 0 ! ignorance n only ( ! p1 b ev5 ( ! cl]gy1 t ! mo/ palpable fictions 7 tak5 = realities4 ,!re are hi/orians ev5 :o pret5d t ! c\ncil ( ,rheims1 celebrat$ 9 #aaai1 decl>$ ?is "w au!ntic#ahc2 & !nce came ! habit ( attribut+ x to ,ar*bi%op ,turp94 ,h[ev] t may be1 x is to ! allegorical hi/ory ( ,*>lemagne1 to t ( 8 twelve palad9s1 call$ pe]s ( ,france1 to t ( ! f\r sons ( ,aymon & ( ,*evali] ,bay>d1 to t ( ,r5aud1 ,rol&1 ,ri*>d1 & ! o!r h]oes ( ! biblio?que bleue1 = a long "t our only biblio!ca1 t we owe a new /yle ( poetry1 call$ ,romanesque1 on acc\nt ( ! ,romance tongue 9 :i* x _h bir?4#ahd ,?is /yle is to ! eumolpique /yle1 z a wild (f%oot1 gr[+ labori\sly 9 an arid & bramble-cov]$ l&1 is to a cultivat$ tree :i* rises maje/ically 9 ! he>t ( a f]tile c\ntry4 ,x 0 ) ! *ivalr\s ideas1 inspir$ by ! book ( ! monk ( ,sa9t ,&r1 t ! fir/ poetic ideas 7 br\ght =? 9 ,france4 ,! ,oscan tr\bad\rs seiz+ ^! fir/ glimm]+s ( g5ius1 ?rew !mselves ) en?usiasm into a c>e] :i* (f]$ at ! same "t pleasures1 glory1 & ! gifts ( =tune4#ahe ,!y sang ( ! fair1 ( gallants & ( k+s2 b _! v]ses1 monoton\s en\gh :5 a real passion did n animate !m1 h>dly rea*$ above eulogy or satire4 ,b little capable ( feel+ ! moral beauties ( poetry1 !y /opp$ at =m4 ,! rhyme = !m 0 ev]y?+4 ,= !m ! supreme tal5t 0 only rhym+ mu* & ) difficulty4 ,"o c\ld n imag9e to :at l5g?s !y w5t 9 ?is /yle4 ,n cont5t ) re/rict+ !mselves to foll[ ! same rhyme ?r\gh\t ! entire c\rse ( ! poem1 !y sometimes d\bl$ x at ! end ( ea* v]se1 rhym+ by e*o1 or else !y made an initial rhyme4#ahf ,^! ob/acles becom+ multipli$ /ifl$ _! muse 9 its cradle4 ,all t art ow$ to ^! fir/ mod]n poets 0 limit$ to a sort ( song1 gay & sprightly1 ord9>ily a p>ody ^u a m s]i\s subject1 & :i*1 because x 0 q frequ5tly sung ) an air ( ! dance accompani$ by ! vielle or hurdy-gurdy1 _! fav\rite in/rum5t1 0 call$ vau-de-vielle1 or z is pron\nc$ today1 vaudeville4#ahg ,! ,italians & ,spani>ds1 :o receiv$ f ! ,oscan tr\bad\rs _! fir/ impulse t[>d poetry1 w\ld h be5 p]haps z limit$ z !y1 to compos+ amor\s sonnets1 madrigals or1 at ! mo/1 c]ta9 vehem5t sylves1#ahh if ! ,greeks1 driv5 f _! c\ntry by ! conque/s ( ,mohamm$ ,,ii41 _h n br\ght !m ! works ( ! anci5ts z ,i h already said4 ,^! works1 expla9$ 9 ! *aire publique1 due to ! munific5ce ( ! ,m$icis1 /ruck p>ticul>ly ! ,italians3 n h[ev] by excit+ _! poets to take !m z models2 ! turn ( _! m9d & ! =m ( _! poetry1 simil> 9 ev]y?+ to t ( ! tr\bad\rs1 7 oppos$ too obvi\sly "h2 b by giv+ !m t sort ( emulation :i*1 )\t copy+ ! o!rs1 makes "o /rive to equal !m4 ,at ?is epo* ! book ( ! monk ( ,/4 ,&r1 attribut$ z ,i h said to ,ar*bi%op ,turp91 already m ?an f\r c5turies old1 0 kn[n by all ,europe1 :e!r by itself1 or :e!r by ! numb]less imitations ( :i* x _h be5 ! subject4 ,n only ,france1 ,spa91 ,italy1 b also ,engl& & ,g]many 7 inundat$ ) a mass ( romances & ballads1 :]e9 7 pictur$ ! knights ( ! c\rt ( ,*>lemagne & ^? ( ! ,r\nd ,table4#aahi ,all ^! works 7 writt5 9 v]se1 & ! great] "p1 p>ticul>ly ^? compos$ by ! tr\bad\rs or _! disciples1 int5d$ to be sung1 7 cut into /rophes4 ,^? ( ! imitator poets1 :o _h _h ! =ce to g back to ! allegorical s5se ( _! model1 _h only develop$ & enri*$ x ) _! own k2 ! o!rs1 foll[+ _! v>i\s me?ods ( consid]+ x1 _h *os5 subjects real & hi/orical1 or inde$ _h foll[$ +5u\sly )\t aim or plan1 ! impulse ( _! vagabond imag9ation4 ,9 ,france c\ld be se5 repres5t$ by ! side ( ! /ories ( ,tri/an1 ( ,lancelot1 ( ! ,grail1 & ( ,ogi]-le-,danois1 t ( ,alex&] ! ,great & ( ! ,bible1 t ( ! ,sev5 ,sages & ( ,judas ,maccabeus1 t ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,norm&s & ! ,bretons1 & f9ally t ( ! ,rose1 ! mo/ fam\s ( all4 ,a c]ta9 ,guilhaume _h publi%$ a philosophical romance ^u ! nature ( bea/s4#aij ,already ! ,italian poets1 aft] hav+ receiv$ f ! tr\bad\rs ! =m ( _! v]ses & t ( _! works1 _h surpass$ _! ma/]s & _h caus$ !m to be =gott54 ,petr>* 9 ! sonnet & ,dante 9 ! sirv5te assum$ all ! glory ( _! models1 & left n any = ! successors#aia2 already ev5 ,boj>do & "s o!rs _h attempt$1 ) ! example ( ,hom]1 to br+ back to ! unity ( epopia1 ! incongru\s & fanta/ic sc5es ( ! romance1 :5 ,ario/o appe>$4 ,?is man1 gift$ ) a ke5 & brilliant imag9ation1 & possessor ( a mat*less tal5t1 execut$ :at no "o else _h be5 able to d be=e him2 he 0 nei!r inspir$ by ,hom]1 nor by ,v]gil2 he copi$ no "o4 ,he le>n$ f !m only to raise himself to ! poetic s\rce1 to see x :]e x 0 & to draw f x 8 g5ius4 ,!n he receiv$ a fir/ inspiration & became ! creator ( a p>ticul> /yle ( poetry :i* may be call$ romantic4 ,und\bt$ly ?is /yle is greatly inf]ior to epopia2 b aft] all x is orig9al3 its beauties z well z its faults belong to him4 ,almo/ ! same mom5t :5 ,ario/o enri*$ ,europe ) 8 new poetry1 ,camons wi%$ to naturalize x 9 ,portugal2 b ! mlange ( ,v]gil & ,lucan t he essay$ to make1 betray$ 8 lack ( und]/&+ & he did n succe$4 ,i m5tion x only t y may obs]ve1 ,messieurs1 t ! =m adopt$ by ! ,portuguese poet is exactly ! same z ! "o :i* ,ario/o1 8 pr$ecessors & 8 successors1 h foll[$ 9 ,italy3 x is t ( ! tr\bad\rs4 ,! poems ( ea* are long ballads1 int]sect$ by /rophes ( eight l9es ( alt]nate rhymes :i*1 succe$+ "o ano!r ) ! same measure1 c be sung f "o end to ! o!r1 ) an appropriate air1 & :i* 9 fact1 z ,j4 ,j4 ,r\sseau has v well rem>k$1 7 sung frequ5tly4 ,9 ^! poems1 ! ess5ce is 9 accord ) ! =m1 & x is ?is t makes _! regul>ity4 ,x is n ! epopia ( ,hom] drawn f ! ,orphic s\rce1 x is ! romantic poetry ( ,ario/o1 an issue ( ! fictions attribut$ to ,ar*bi%op ,turp91 :i* is associat$ ) ! v]ses ( ! tr\bad\rs4 ,^! v]ses subject$ to rhyme are incapable 9 any tongue ( atta9+ ! sublime heights ( ,eumolpia or ( ,epopia4 ,! ,fr5* poets soon prov$ x1 :5 com+ to und]/& ! works ( ,hom] & ,v]gil1 !y ?\ght !mselves able to imitate !m by mak+ use ( ! same poetic =ms by :i* ! au?ors ( ,p]ceval or ,b]!-au-gr&-pi$ _h pr(it$4 ,x 0 all to no purpose t !y work$ ^! =ms1 /rik+ !m ^u ! anvil1 poli%+ !m1 !y rema9$ inflexible4 ,rons>d 0 ! fir/ :o made ! fatal exp]im5t2 & aft] him a cr[d ( c>eless p]sons came to run agr\nd ^u ! same reef4 ,^! =ms always call$ up ! _s ) :i* !y 7 born2 ! melan*oly & unceas+ s\nd1 sonor\s ) _! rhymes 9 c\plets or alt]nate1 _h some?+ soporific :i* caus$ ! s\l to dream & :i* allur$ x 9 spite ( itself1 n into ! sublime regions ( allegory :]e ! g5ius ( ,eumolpia 0 n\ri%$1 b into vague spaces ( fictions1 :]e1 "u a ?\s& :imsical =ms ! romantic m9d evaporates4 ,d\btless "o w\ld h be5 able1 9 ,france1 to limit ! ,italian poets1 z _h be5 done 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal2 b besides1 z x w\ld h be5 necess>y to conf9e itself to ! second inspiration 9 a /yle already second>y1 ! _s ( ! nation1 suffici5tly well repres5t$ by t ( ,rons>d1 =esee+ f af> its high de/9ies1 wi%$ to comm& ! summit ( ,p>nassus1 be=e hav+ discov]$ ! fir/ pa?s4 ,! disa/]s ( ! fir/ epic poets did n disc\rage _! successors2 vy+ ) ea* o!r !y s\ght to make am5ds2 b in/ead ( see+ ! ob/acle :]e x really 01 t is to say1 9 ! incompatible alliance ( ! ess5ce ( ,epopia ) ! =m ( romance1 !y imag9$ t lack ( tal5t alone _h be5 prejudicial to ! success ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,consequ5tly !y devot$ !mselves to "w ) an indefatigable ard\r1 poli%+ & repoli%+ ! rhyme1 te>+ to pieces & revis+ tw5ty times _! works1 & f9ally br++ ! =m to ! highe/ p]fection t !y 7 able to atta94 ,! c5tury ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 s f]tile 9 able v]sifi]s1 9 pr(\nd rhym]s1 saw1 h[ev]1 ! dawn ( ,epic poems only z a signal ( _! failure4 ,*apela9 _h1 nev]!less1 %[n tal5t be=e 8 cata/rophe2 wi%+ to int]e/ ! ,fr5* nation1 he _h *os5 9 its hi/ory ! sole epic subject :i* he f\nd !re4 ,:y _h he n succe$$8 ,?is po9t 0 consid]$1 & ! tru? /ill lack+1 !y w5t on to imag9e t ! fault 0 inh]5t 9 ! ,fr5* tongue1 & t x 0 no long] capable ( ris+ to ! heights ( ,epopia3 deplorable error1 :i* = a long "t has be5 h>mful to ! developm5t ( a tongue de/9$ to become univ]sal & to c>ry to future c5turies ! discov]ies ( pa/ ones4 ,rons>d _h felt ! difficulty mo/4 ,accu/om$ z he 0 to read ,greek & ,lat9 works 9 ! orig9al1 he _h se5 cle>ly t :at prev5t$ ! ,fr5* tongue f foll[+ _! poetic movem5t 0 p>ticul>ly ! re/ra9t ( ! rhyme2 he _h ev5 s\ght to free x f ?is s]vitude1 endeav\r+ to make ! ,fr5* v]ses scan accord+ to ! anci5t rhy?m2 b1 9 ano!r way he _h n appreciat$ ! g5ius ( t tongue :i* refus$ to foll[ ?is rhy?m4 ,jodelle1 ,baf1 ,pass]at1 ,desportes1 ,h5ri-,eti5ne1 & c]ta9 o!r savants1 h made at diff]5t times ! same attempt1 & always )\t results4#aib ,ea* tongue has its own "* :i* x is necess>y to "k2 ours has n at all ! musical prosody ( ! ,greek & ,lat92 its syllables are n det]m9$1 long & %ort1 by ! simple duration ( "t1 b by ! diff]5t acc5tuation & inflection ( ! voice4 ,among our writ]s ! "o :o has be/ und]/ood ! nature ( ?is prosody is c]ta9ly ! abb d',olivet3 he decl>$ fir/ly t he did n believe x possible to make ,fr5* v]ses measur$ by rhy?m2 & secondly1 t ev5 9 ! case :]e ?is might be possible1 he did n see h[ ?is rhy?m c\ld be con=mable to t ( ! ,greeks & ,lat9s4#aic ,i am absolutely ( 8 op9ion on ^! two po9ts2 ,i am fur!rmore1 en p>tie1 on :at he says ( ! rhyme4 ,i "k z he1 t x is n an inv5tion ( ! b>b>\s ages2 ,i "k ev5 m1 t x is ! luxuri\s production ( a v enlight5$ age2 ,i mu/ say t x has br\ght =? ?\s&s ( beautiful v]ses1 t x is (t5 to ! poet l a /range g5ius :i* comes to ! assi/ance ( 8 own4#aid ,god =bid t ,i pret5d to sep>ate x f ,fr5* v]se ( :i* x is a *>m4 ,rhyme is necess>y1 ev5 indisp5sable1 to romantic poetry & to all t is d]iv$ f x2 & songs1 ballads1 vaudevilles1 sylves ( :atev] sort !y may be1 :atev] =m1 :atev] l5g? !y may h1 _c pass away4 ,x adds an inf9ite grace to all t is sung or recit$ ) ! *ivalr\s s5tim5t4 ,ev5 ! lyric /yle receives f x a romantic h>mony :i* accords ) x4 ,all ! second>y /yles admit ( ?is4 ,x c1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 embelli% descriptive v]se1 s(t5 didactic v]se1 add to ! melan*oly ( ! elegy1 to ! grace ( ! idyl2 x c at la/ become ! ornam5t ( dramatic art su* z we possesst is to say1 *ivalr\s & impassion$2 b z to real ,eumolpia & ,epopiat is to say1 z to :at conc]ns intellectual & rational poetry1 pure or m+l$ ) ! en?usiasm ( ! passions2 prophetic v]ses or hymns1 emanat$ f ! ,div9ity or de/9$ to be rais$ to x2 philosophical v]se adapt$ to ! nature ( ?+s & develop+ ! div]se moral & physical sy/ems2 epic v]ses unit+ tal5t to allegorical g5ius & jo9+ toge!r ! intelligible _w to ! s5ti5t _w2 ) all ^!1 rhyme is incompatible4 ,z mu* z x delights 9 works ( ! m9d j s mu* is x reject$ by g5ius4 ,fiction h>monizes ) x1 allegory is oppos$ to x4 ,x is *ivalr\s & n h]oic2 agreeable1 brilliant1 clev]1 melan*oly1 s5tim5tal1 b x c\ld nev] be ei!r pr(\nd or sublime4 ,let u cle> ?is up ) ! light ( exp]i5ce1 & n[ t we c d x to good purpose1 let u make a rapid survey ( ! poetic condition ( ! pr9cipal nations ( ! e>?4 ,,vi ,! ,greeks & ! ,romans1 z guilty ( +ratitude z ( inju/ice1 h /yl$ ,asia b>b>\s1 )\t ?9k+ t !y ?us outrag$ _! ,"m1 ! "o f :om bo? _h _! orig9 & _! fir/ in/ructions4 ,europe1 m imp>tial today1 beg9s to feel z %e %\ld t[>d ?is anci5t & noble c\ntry1 & r5d]+ to h] v5]able sc>s a filial respect1 does n judge h] accord+ to h] pres5t weakness1 b accord+ to ! vig\r t %e possess$ 9 ! age ( h] /r5g?1 & ( :i* h] magnific5t productions /ill be> ! impr9t4 ,a philosophical obs]v]1 academician ( ,calcutta1 turn+ an inve/igat+ eye ^u t "p ( ! t]re/rial cont95t1 has recogniz$ !re five pr9cipal nations1 among :i* t ( ! ,indians holds ! fir/ rank2 ! o!rs are ^? ( ! ,*9ese1 ,t>t>s1 ,p]sians1 & ,arabs4#aie ,accord+ to ?is able writ]1 primitive ,india %\ld be consid]$ z a sort ( lum9\s focus :i*1 conc5trat+ at a v remote epo* ! le>n+ acquir$ by an e>li] p1 has reflect$ x1 & has disp]s$ ! rays ^u ! neighb\r+ nations4#aif ,%e has be5 ! s\rce ( ,egyptian1 ,greek1 & ,lat9 !ogony2 %e has furni%$ ! philosophical dogmas ) :i* ! fir/ poets ( ,?race & ,ionia h adorn$ ! beauties ( ,eumolpia & ,epopia2 x is %e :o has poli%$ ! ,p]sians1 ,*aldeans1 ,arabs1 & ,e?iopians2 & :o by h] num]\s colonies has ent]ta9$ relations ) ! ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,sc&9avians1 ,celts1 ,etruscans1 & ev5 ) ! ,p]uvians ( ! o!r hemisph]e4#aig ,if "o li/5s to ! disc\rse ( ^? :o h be5 mu* incl9$ to /udy ! savant language ( ! ,indians1 ,sanskrit1 he w be p]suad$ t x is ! mo/ p]fect language t man has ev] spok54 ,no?+1 accord+ to !m1 c surpass its ri*es1 its f]tility1 its admirable /ructure2 x is ! s\rce ( ! mo/ poetic conceptions & ! "m ( all ! dialects :i* are 9 use f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to ! wat]s ( ,*9a4#aih ,x is c]ta9 t if any?+ c prove to ! eyes ( savants ! mat]nal rights t ?is tongue claims ov] all ! o!rs1 x is ! a/oni%+ v>iety ( its poetry3 :at o!r peoples possess 9 detail1 x possesses 9 toto4 ,x is !re t ,eumolpia1 ,epopia1 & ,dramatic ,art %9e ) native clat3 x is !re t poetry div9e & rational1 poetry allegorical & passionate1 poetry /irr+ & ev5 romantic1 f9d _! cradle4 ,!re1 all =ms are admitt$1 all k9ds ( v]se receiv$4 ,! ,v$as1 pre-em95tly sacr$ books1 are1 l ! ,koran ( ,mohamm$1 writt5 9 cad5c$ prose4#aii ,! ,p\ranas1 :i* conta9 ! !osophy & philosophy ( ! ,brahmans1 _! sy/em conc]n+ ,nature1 _! ideas ^u morals & ^u natural philosophy1 are compos$ 9 philosophical v]se n rhym$2 !y are attribut$ to ,vyasa1 ! ,orpheus ( ! ,indians4 ,valmiki1 :o is _! ,hom]1 has display$ 9 ! ,ramayana an epopia magnific5t & sublime to ! highe/ degree2 ! dramas1 :i* !y call ,nataks1 are1 accord+ to _! /yle1 rhym$ & n rhym$3 ,bh]et is consid]$ z _! inv5tor2 ,kalidasa z _! p]fect]4#bjj ,! o!r k9ds ( poetry are all rhym$2 _! numb] is imm5se2 _! v>iety inf9ite4 ,no?+ equals ! indu/ry & delicacy ( ! ,indian rhym]s 9 ?is /yle4 ,! ,arabs all skilful z !y 71 ! ,oscan tr\bad\rs ^: rhyme 0 _! sole m]it1 h nev] approa*$ _! models4#bja ,?us1 n only does "o f9d among ! ,indians ! measur$ v]se ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 n only does "o see !re rhy?ms unkn[n to ^! two peoples1 b "o recognizes also !re our rhyme ) comb9ations ( :i* we h no idea4 ,i ought to make an important obs]vation "h3 x is1 t :]eas ,india1 mi/ress ( ,asia1 held ! sceptre ( ! e>?1 %e /ill recogniz$ only ! eumolpia ( ! ,v$as & ! ,p\ranas1 only ! epopia ( ,maha-,bh>ata & ! ,ramayana2 h] poetry 0 ! language ( ! gods & %e gave h]self ! "n ( ,ponya-,rh\mi1 ,l& ( ,virtues4 ,x 0 only :5 a long prosp]ity _h en]vat$ h]1 t ! love = novelty1 ! caprice ( fa%ion & p]haps1 z x happ5$ 9 ,greece1 ! deviation ( ! !atre1 caus$ h] to seek = beauties =eign to v]itable poetry4 ,x is n a r>e ?+ to pass ! po9t ( p]fection :5 "o has atta9$ x4 ,! a/oni%+ flexibility ( ,sanskrit1 ! abundance ( its f9al consonants op5s a d\ble means = corruption4 ,poets multipli$ words believ+ to multiply ideas2 !y d\bl$ rhymes2 !y tripl$ !m 9 ! same v]se believ+ to increase proportionably its h>mony4 ,_! imag9ation b5d+ be=e an inspir+ g5ius became vagabond2 !y ?\ght to rise to ! sublime1 & fell into ! bomba/ic4 ,at la/1 kn[+ no long] h[ to give emphasis & importance to _! extravagant ?\ghts1 !y creat$ words ( su* l5g? t1 9 ord] to conta9 !m1 x 0 necess>y to =ge v]ses ( f\r csuras ( n9ete5 syllables ea*4#bjb ,x 01 !re=e1 at ! epo* ( ! decad5ce ( ! ,indian ,empire1 t rhyme usurp$ poetry4 ,x w\ld be difficult today to say :e!r x 0 an innovation or a simple r5ovation4 ,h[ev] x may be1 x is probable t x pass$ rapidly f ! rul+ nation to subject nations :]e x 0 div]sely welcom$ accord+ to ! language & p>ticul> m9d ( ea* p4 ,if "o c believe ! annals ( ! ,indians1 ,*9a 0 "o ( _! colonies = a long "t s*ismatic & rebelli\s4#bjc ,if "o c l5d fai? to ! mo/ anci5t tradition ( ! ,*9ese1 !y =m f "t immemorial a body ( auto*?on\s p4#bjd ,! discussion ( ?is hi/oric difficulty w\ld be out ( place "h4 ,suffice x to say1 t ! ,*9ese hav+ comm5c$ by hav+ rhym$ v]ses1 & pres]v+ by "* & by religion1 ) an inviolable respect1 ! anci5t usages1 h nev] _h b a m$iocre poetry1 absolutely =eign to epopia4#bje ,_! pr9cipal sacr$ books1 call$ ,k+s1 are compos$ ( symbolic or hi]oglyphic *>act]s1 =m+ by gr\ps sorts ( tableaux1 ( pr(\nd & (t5 sublime conception1 b b]eft ( :at we w\ld call eloqu5ce ( language4 ,^! are mute images1 incommunicable by means ( ! voice1 & :i* ! read] mu/ consid] ) ! eyes & m$itate long ^u 9 ord] to compreh5d !m4 ,! ,t>t>s :o reign today 9 ,*9a & :o are di/+ui%$ f ! o!rs by ! epi!t ( ,man*us1 al?\gh possessors ( a =m$ tongue ^: ri*ness c]ta9 au?ors praise1#bjf h n any k9d ( poetry z ,i h already rem>k$4#bjg ,! o!r ,t>t>s 7 h>dly m advanc$ be=e be+ plac$ by _! conque/s )9 rea* ( ! le>n+ ( ! vanqui%$ p4 ,! ,turks _h no alphabetical *>act]s4 ,! ,huns 7 ignorant ev5 ( its exi/5ce4 ,! pr\d vanqui%] ( ,asia1 ,g5ghis ,khan did n f9d1 accord+ to ! be/ hi/orians1 a s+le man among ! ,mongolians capable ( writ+ 8 despat*es4 ,! alphabet ( f\rte5 lett]s t ! ,ugurian ,t>t>s possess1 appe>s to h be5 giv5 !m by ! anci5t ,p]sians1#bjh f :om !y also receiv$ ! little t !y knew ( poetry4 ,^! ,p]sians1 today imitators ( ! ,arabs1 7 9 v remote times disciples ( ! ,indians4 ,_! sacr$ tongue !n call$ ,z5d1 9 :i* are writt5 ! fragm5ts t rema9 to u ( ,zoroa/]1 0 a dialect ( ,sanskrit4#bji ,^! fragm5ts t we owe to ! indefatigable zeal ( ,anquetil ,dup]ron1 appe> to be writt51 z ! ,v$as1 or z all ! sacr$ books ( ,india1 9 cad5c$ prose4 ,aft] ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 ! mo/ fam\s book among ! ,p>sees is ! ,b\n-,dehe%1 writt5 9 ,pehlevi1 & conta9+ ! cosmogony ( ,zoroa/]4 ,pehlevi1 :i* is d]iv$ f ,*aldaic ,nabatan1 indicates a translation1#baj & te/ifies t ,p]sia _h already pass$ f "u ! dom9ion ( ,india to t ( ,assyria4 ,b :51 ?anks to ! conque/s ( ,cyrus1 ,p]sia _h become free & mi/ress ( ,asia1 ,pehlevi1 :i* recall$ its anci5t s]vitude1 0 bani%$ f ! c\rt by ,bahman-,esp&i>1 :om we call ,artax]xes ,longimanus4#baa ,! ,p>see replac$ x2 ?is la/ dialect1 modifi$ by ,greek "u ! successors ( ,alex&]1 mix$ ) _m ,t>t> words "u ! ,p>?ian k+s1 poli%$ by ! ,sassanid1 usurp$ at la/ by ! ,arabs & subject$ to ! intol]ant influ5ce ( ,islamism1 _h no long] its own "*3 x has tak51 9 ! mod]n ,p]sian1 all ! movem5ts ( ! ,arabic1 not)/&+ its slight analogy ) x#bab2 foll[+ its example1 x has conc5trat$ all ! beauties ( poetry 9 rhyme & s9ce !n x has _h nei!r ,eumolpia nor ,epopia4 ,z to ! ,arab1 no "o is ignorant ( ! degree to :i* he is a slave to rhyme4 ,already1 by a suffici5tly happy conjecture1 a ,fr5* writ] _h made ! fir/ use ( rhyme 9 ,france co9cide ) ! irruption ( ! ,moors into ,europe at ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury4#bac ,he has said t ,prov5ce _h be5 ! door by :i* ?is novelty 0 introduc$ into ,france4 ,h[ev] difficult x may appe> ( prov+ rigor\sly ?is ass]tion1 lack+ monum5ts1 x _c1 h[ev]1 be d5i$ t x may be v probable1 above all consid]+ :at influ5ce ! ,arabs ex]cis$ ^u ! sci5ces & arts 9 ! s\? ( ,france aft] !y _h p5etrat$ ?r\gh ,spa94 ,n[1 !re is no c\ntry on e>? :]e ! poetry t ,i h call$ romantic has be5 cultivat$ ) m con/ancy & success ?an 9 ,arabia2 rhyme1 if %e has receiv$ x f ,india1 0 naturaliz$ !re by long usage1 9 su* a way z to appe> to h _h bir? !re4 ,if x mu/ be said1 ! ,arab tongue seems m apt at receiv+ x ?an ! ,sanskrit4 ,rhyme seems m requisite to poetry !re1 on acc\nt ( ! great quantity & inflexibility ( ! monosyllables1 :i* jo9+ toge!r only ) mu* difficulty to =m ! num]\s & rhy?mic comb9ations1 _h ne$ ( its assi/ance to s(t5 _! h>%ness & to supply ! h>mony :i* !y lack$4 ,nev]?less1 :atev] may be ! pret5sion ( ,arabia to ! inv5tion ( rhyme1 & ev5 to t ( romantic poetry1 "o _c be prev5t$1 :5 "o possesses )\t prejudice & to a c]ta9 ext5t ! di/+ui%+ "* ( ! ,asiatic languages1 f see+ t !re are pro(s 9 ! ,arabic itself :i* give evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ,india4 ,su* is1 = example1 ! ^w ,diwan1#bad by :i* ! ,arabs designate ! collection ( _! anci5t poetries4#bae ,?is ^w1 :i* is atta*$ to ! ,sanskrit expression ,dewa or ,diwa1 designates all t is div9e1 cele/ial2 all t emanates f ! ,univ]sal ,intellig5ce#baf3 x is ! poetry ( ! ,greeks1 ! language ( ! gods1 or ! voice ( ! ,univ]sal ,be+ ( ! ,egyptians & ! ,phnicians4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,arabic ,diwant is to say1 ! poetic collection ( t nation1 goes back to mo/ anci5t times4 ,"o f9ds 9 x v]ses attribut$ to ! fir/ ,hebrew patri>*s & ev5 to ,adam#bag2 = s9ce ! introduction ( ,islamism1 ! cosmogony ( ,moses has become t ( ! ,mussulmans1 z x has be5 ours s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is !re1 9 ?is diwan1 t ! mo/ au!ntic traditions are pres]v$3 !y are all 9 v]se & resemble greatly1 z to =m & d\btless z to sub/ance1 t :i* ! monk ( ,/4 ,&r has transmitt$ to u ?r\gh ! c\rt ( ,*>lemagne4 ,x is ! same *ivalr\s _s & ! same romantic fictions4 ,! ,p]sian poet ,firdausi appe>s to h foll[$ simil> traditions conc]n+ ! anci5t k+s ( ,iran1 9 8 fam\s poem entitl$ ,%ah-,namah4#bah ,! wond]s :i* reign 9 ^! traditions h be5 transmitt$ no d\bt by ! ,arabs1 ) ! artifice ( rhyme3 bo? h ! same _s4 ,! protect+ fairies ( ! knights1 ! giant p]secutors ( ladies1 ! en*ant]s1 ! magic1 & all ^? illusions are ! fruits ( t brilliant & dreamy imag9ation :i* *>act]izes ! mod]n ,ori5tals4 ,we h en?usia/ically enjoy$ !m 9 ! dep?s ( ! b>b>ity :]e we 7 plung$2 we h all[$ ourselves to be drawn by ! *>ms ( rhyme1 l *ildr5 9 ! cradle1 :om _! nurses put to sleep by ! monoton\s s\nd ( a lullaby4 ,escap$ f t /ate ( languor1 & /ruck at la/ ) a gleam ( real intellig5ce1 we h comp>$ ,greece & ,arabia1 ! songs ( epopia & ^? ( ! ballads2 we h blu%$ at our *oice2 we h wi%$ to *ange x2 b ow+ to ! captivat+ =m always m or less ! sub/ance1 we h only succe$$ 9 mak+ mixtures m or less happy1 accord+ to ! second>y mode t we foll[4 ,rhyme1 br\ght into ,europe by ! ,arabs m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago1 spread by degrees among all nations1 9 su* a way t :5 "o wi%es to exam9e its orig9 ) accuracy1 "o no long] kn[s :e!r x is indig5\s !re or exotic4 ,"o f9ds on all sides only rhym$ v]ses4 ,! ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 ,italians1 ,fr5*1 ,g]mans ( all dialects1 ,holl&]s1 ,danes1 ,sw$es & ,norwegians1 all rhyme4#bai ,! mod]n ,greeks !mselves h =gott5 _! anci5t rhy?m 9 ord] to assume our /yle4#bbj ,if any?+ c\ld1 h[ev]1 make "o d\bt t rhyme may be natural to ,europe1 x is t anci5t ,sc&9avian1 9 :i* are writt5 ! preci\s fragm5ts :i* h come d[n to u conc]n+ ! my?ological cult ( ! ,celts1 our ance/ors1 does n rhyme2 also x rises (t5 to ! sublimity ( ,eumolpia4#bba ,?is obs]vation1 :i* makes u reject ,arabia1 w take u back to ,india1 if we consid] t !re is plausible presumption 9 believ+ t ! ,phnicians & ! ,egyptians :o _h s mu* int]c\rse ) ! ,arabs1 did n rhyme1 s9ce ! sacr$ book ( ! ,hebrews1 ! ,seph]1 t we call ! ,bible1 & :i* appe>s to h issu$ f ! ,egyptian sanctu>ies1 is writt5 9 cad5c$ rhyme1 z ! ,z5d-,ave/a ( ! ,p>sees & ! ,v$as ( ! ,indians4#bbb ,! outl9e t ,i h j sket*$ confirms1 ,messieurs1 :at ,i h wi%$ to prove to y & :i* is ! subject ( ?is disc\rse1 ! di/9ction t %\ld be made betwe5 ! ess5ce & ! =m ( poetry1 & ! reciprocal influ5ce t %\ld be recogniz$ betwe5 ^! two p>ts ( ! sci5ce4 ,y h se5 t :]ev] rhyme has dom9at$ exclusively1 z 9 ,asia among ! ,*9ese1 ,arabians1 ,p]sians2 z 9 ,europe among all ! mod]n peoples1 x has exclud$ epopia & has replac$ allegorical g5ius by ! _s ( romantic fictions2 y h se5 t :]ev] eumolpique poetry has wi%$ to appe>1 :e!r moral or rational1 !osophical or philosophical1 x has be5 oblig$ to h rec\rse to a p>ticul> prose1 :5 ! =m ( poetry has resi/$ x1 z has happ5$ 9 ,*9a = ! ,k+s1 9 ,p]sia = ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 9 ,arabia = ! ,koran2 y h se5 t :]ev] poetry has be5 pres]v$ purely rhy?mical1 z 9 ,greece & ) ! ,romans1 x has admitt$ eumolpia & epopia )\t mixture2 & f9ally1 t :]ev] ! two =ms meet ea* o!r ) all _! modifications1 z 9 ,india1 x gives way 9 turn to all ! diff]5t k9ds1 intellectual & rational1 epic1 dramatic1 & romantic4 ,n[1 :at ,h9du/an 0 = ,asia1 ,france %\ld be = ,europe4 ,! ,fr5* tongue1 z ! ,sanskrit1 %\ld t5d t[>ds univ]sality2 x %\ld be enri*$ ) all ! le>n+ acquir$ 9 ! pa/ c5turies1 s z to transmit x to future g5]ations4 ,de/9$ to float ^u ! dbris ( a hundr$ diff]5t dialects1 x ought to be able to save f ! %ipwreck ( "t all _! beauties & all _! rem>kable productions4 ,nev]!less1 h[ w x be done1 if its poetic =ms are n op5 to ! _s ( all ! poetries1 if its movem5t1 arre/$ by ob/acles _c equal t ( ! tongues :i* h prec$$ x 9 ! same c>e]8 ,by :at means1 ,i ask y1 w x succe$ to ! univ]sal dom9ion ( ,sanskrit1 if1 dragg+ always aft] x ! frivol\s j+l+ ( ,arabic s\nds1 x _c ev5 succe$ to ! p>tial dom9ation ( ,greek or ,lat98 ,mu/ x be necess>y !n t x betray its high de/9ies1 & t ! provid5tial decree :i* f\nds ! ,european empire1 exempt x f ! glory :i* x promises to ! ,fr5* "n8 ,i h told y1 ,messieurs1 9 beg9n+ ?is disc\rse1 t x 0 9 ! int]e/ ( sci5ce alone1 t ,i ent]$ ?is c>e]3 x is assur$ly n by my poor poetic tal5t t ,i h aspir$ to ! hon\r ( occupy+ y\r att5tion2 b by a g5]\s in/9ct1 :i*1 mak+ me ignore _m ( ! consid]ations :i* might h arre/$ me1 has p]suad$ me t ,i c\ld be useful4 ,i h d>$ to conceive ! possibility ( compos+1 9 ,fr5*1 eumolpique v]se1 :i* might nei!r be measur$ by musical rhy?m =eign to our tongue1 nor en*a9$ by rhyme oppos$ to all intellectual & rational movem5t1 & :i* h[ev] might h nei!r ! h>%ness1 nor ! discord ( t :i* has be5 call$1 up to ?is "t1 blank v]se4 ,_m ,fr5* writ]s h tri$ to make v]se depriv$ ( rhyme4 ,"s h s\ght to imitate ! measures ( ! anci5ts1 o!rs h satisfi$ !mselves ) copy+ c]ta9 mod]ns :o d n rhyme4 ,ea* ( !m has misund]/ood ! ess5tial "* ( 8 tongue4 ,vossius alone appe>s to h =ese5 ! pr9ciples )\t develop+ !m1 :5 he has said t ,fr5* v]se might be consid]$ z hav+ only "o foot4#bbc ,?is is exactly true 9 exam9+ rhy?m only 9 itself1 & giv+ to ea* hemi/i* ! "n ( "t3 b if "o consid]s ?is "o foot1 :e!r hexamet] or p5tamet]1 z =m$ ( two times equal or unequal1 x is p]ceiv$ t x p>ticipates1 ?r\gh its f9al1 9 two natures3 ! "o /rong & =ceful1 t we "n mascul9e2 ! o!r s(t & languid1 t we call fem99e4 ,!re=e1 ,fr5* v]se hav+ b "o rhy?mic foot1 diff]s1 h[ev]1 9 ! /yle ( ?is foot & c be consid]$ 9 two relations4 ,let u take = example ! hexamet] v]se4 ,! rhy?mic foot :i* con/itutes x is compos$ ( two equal times di/+ui%$ by ! csura1 ! la/ ( :i* is mascul9e or fem99e3 ,mascul9e1 z 93 ,rome1 l'unique objet de mon ress5tim5t6 ,rome1 qui vi5t ton bras d'immol] mon amant6 ,fem99e1 z 93 ,rome qui t'a vu natre et que ton cur adore6 ,rome enf9 que je hais p>ce qu'elle t'honore6 ,9 rhym$ v]ses1 su* z ^! ,i h j cit$1 two feet ( ! same k9d are oblig$ to foll[ "o ano!r on acc\nt ( ! rhyme :i* l9ks !m2 !y !n =m b "o :ole &1 proce$+ abrea/ )\t be+ sep>at$1 !y injure by _! =c$ mass ! rapidity ( expression & flight ( ?\ght4 ,if a ?ird foot ( ! same k9d occur ) ! o!r two feet1 rhym+ toge!r1 x w\ld h to rhyme ) !m to prev5t an insupportable discordance1 :i* is n tol]at$2 a f\r? or a fif? foot w\ld submit to ! same law1 s t1 if ! poet wi%$ to fill 8 piece ) mascul9e v]ses alone1 x w\ld be necess>y t he %\ld make !m proce$ ^u a s+le rhyme1 z ! ,arabs d today & z our e>ly tr\bad\rs did1 foll[+ _! example4 ,! ,fr5* poet c v>y 8 rhyme only by v>y+ ! /yle ( 8 v]ses & by m+l+ alt]nately toge!r ! mascul9e & fem99e f9als4 ,z ^! two k9ds ( f9als are dissimil> )\t be+ oppos$1 !y may be br\ght toge!r )\t ! ne$ ( rhym+2 _! meet+1 f> f be+ disagreeable is1 on ! contr>y1 only pleas+2 two f9als ( ! same k9d1 :e!r mascul9e or fem99e1 c nev] cla% )\t caus+ ! same s\ndt is1 )\t rhym+2 b x is n ?us ) ! f9als ( diff]5t k9ds1 s9ce ! rhyme is impossible 9 ?is case4 ,s t1 to make :at ,i call eumolpique v]ses1 x suffices to avoid ! meet+ ( f9als ( ! same k9d1 ^: impact necessitates ! rhyme1 by mak+ "o k9d succe$ ano!r cont9ually1 & oppos+ alt]nately ! mascul9e & fem99e1 ! m+l+ ( :i* is irrelevant to eumolpia4 ,"h is all ! me*anism ( my v]ses3 !y are flu5t z to =m2 z to ! ess5ce :i* is exp$i5t = !mt is ano!r ?+3 = x is r>ely enc\nt]$4 ,^? :o h made blank v]se 9 ,fr5* h spok5 ju/ly ( x ) ! greate/ contempt2 ^! v]ses1 mis]able z to sub/ance1 )\t poetic fire1 writt5 z ! flatte/ prose1 lack+ movem5t & grace1 _h1 fur!rmore1 ! insupportable fault ( n recogniz+ ! g5ius ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 by mak+ f9als ( ! same k9d cla% con/antly1 & by n di/+ui%+ t :i* is call$ rhyme f t :i* repels x4 ,n[ t ,i h made z cle> z possible my motives & my means1 !re rema9s only1 ,messieurs1 = me to submit to y\r judgm5t ! translation t ,i h made1 9 eumolpique v]se1 ( ! piece ( ,greek poetry :i* comprises ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras 9 sev5ty-"o l9es call$1 p> excell5ce1 ,gold5 ,v]ses4 ,?is piece1 v5]able by its antiquity & by ! celebrat$ philosoph] ^: "n x be>s1 belong+ to eumolpia1 )\t any mixture ( passion1 is suffici5tly kn[n to savants s t ,i ne$ n speak ab\t :at conc]ns its p>ticul> m]it4 ,?is w\ld mean1 moreov]1 a matt] ( "s explanations4 ,at any rate1 ,i believe x advisable be=e pass+ to ?is f9al subject1 to give y c]ta9 examples ( ! use ( my v]ses z appli$ to epopia1 s t y may judge1 s9ce !y are 9 h&s z incapable z m9e1 :at !y might become :5 us$ by m5 ( sup]ior g5ius & tal5t4 ,i w *oose1 = ?is purpose1 ! exposition & invocation ( ! pr9cipal epic poems ( ,europe1 9 ord] to h a fix$ subject = comp>ison4 ,i w translate l9e by l9e1 & w imitate1 z well z is possible = me1 ! movem5t & h>mony ( ! poet t ,i may h be=e me4 ,?is lab\r1 :i* ,i hope w n be )\t "s int]e/ = ! illu/ri\s academicians :om ,i am address+1 w furni% me ! occasion ( %[+ by c]ta9 *>act]i/ic traits ! g5ius ( ! language & poetry ( ! diff]5t mod]n peoples ( ,europe2 & ,i w t]m9ate ?us ! outl9e t ,i h sket*$ t\*+ ! poetic conditions ( ! pr9cipal nations ( ! e>?4 ,,vii ,i am beg9n+ ) ! creator ( epopia1 ) ,hom]4 ,x is easy to see by ! mann] 9 :i* ?is div9e man bl5ds1 f ! op5+ l9es ( ! ,iliad1 ! exposition & invocation1 t1 full ( a cele/ial inspiration t he 0 ! fir/ to receive1 he seeks to p\r =? ! sup]abundant fire :i* consumes him1 & to ?r[ into ! s\l ( 8 he>] ! impassion$ en?usiasm :i* ma/]s & controls 8 own4 ,! foll[+ l9es w suffice to make kn[n ! subject ( a "w :i* fills tw5ty-f\r cantos4 ,desse6 vi5s *ant] la colre d',a*ille1 ,fatale1 et p\r les ,grecs si f]tile en malheurs1 ,qui1 d'avance1 aux enf]s1 prcipitant en f\le ,les mes des hros1 livra leurs corps sanglants ,aux dogues affams3 a9si ,jupit] mme ,le v\lut1 qu& la ha9e eut divis les curs ,du roi des rois ,atride et du div9 ,a*ille4 ,lequel des ,immortels provoqua ce c\rr\x8 ,apollon irrit1 qui1 p\r punir ,atride1 ,ravagea son arme3 et les peuples m\rrai5t6 ,o ,goddess6 s+ ! wra? ( ,peleus' son1 ,a*illes2 s+ ! deadly wra? t br\ght ,woes numb]less ^u ! ,greeks1 & swept ,to ,hades _m a valiant s\l1 & gave ,_! limbs a prey to dogs & birds ( air1 ,= s _h ,jove appo9t$1f ! "t ,:5 ! two *iefs1 ,atrides1 ,k+ ( m51 ,& great ,a*illes1 p>t$ fir/ z foes4 ,:i* ( ! gods put /rife betwe5 ! *iefs1 ,t !y %\ld ?us cont5d8 ,latona's son ,& ,jove's4 ,inc5s$ aga9/ ! k+1 he bade ,a deadly pe/il5ce appe> among ,! army1 & ! m5 7 p]i%+4 ,,bryant4 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 ' 1 7 ' 71 1 1 4 ' 2 4 1 4 ,i disp5se ) mak+ any reflection ^u ! *>m ( ! orig9al v]ses & ^u ! admirable s5tim5t :i* t]m9ates !m4 ,x w\ld be a v /range ?+ n to be impress$ by ! beauties ( ?is poetry4 ,let u pass on to ,v]gil4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,i %\ld n say x1 x w\ld suffice n[ to comp>e ! ,greek poet ) ! ,lat9 poet1 9 ord] to p]ceive t ! latt] receiv$ only a second inspiration1 transmitt$ by ! inspir+ p[] ( ! =m]4 ,v]gil1 less ard5t1 m t5d]1 m correct1 admits at once ! lum9\s di/9ction2 f> f bl5d+ ! exposition & invocation1 he sep>ates !m1 affects a tone m simple1 promises little1 exposes ) timidity ! subject ( 8 poem1 summons 8 ,muse1 & seems to p]suade x1 ev5 less ?an ! read]1 to be fav\rable to him4 ,he employs ^! l9es3 ,je *ante les combats1 et ce ,hros troy51 ,qui1 fuyant ,ilion aborda l',italie ,le premi]3 sur la t]re errant1 et sur les m]s1 ,en butte aux traits cruels de ,junon irrite1 ,il s\ffrit mille maux2 avant qu'il tablt ,ses ,dieux *ez les ,lat9s1 et fondt une ville1 ,b]ceau d',albe1 de ,rome et de ses hauts remp>ts4 ,muse6 rappelle-moi quels motifs de v5geance ,excitai5t la ,desse1 et p\rquoi son c\rr\x ,s'ob/9ait p\rsuive un ,hros magnanime8 ,tant de ha9e entre-t-elle au cur des ,immortels6 ,arms & ! man ,i s+1 :o fir/1 ,by fate ( ,ilium realm am]c$1 ,to fair ,italia onw>d bore1 ,& l&$ on ,lav9ium's %ore3 ,long toss+ e>? & ocean o'er1 ,by viol5ce ( heav51 to sate ,fell ,juno's un=gett+ hate3 ,mu* lab\r$ too 9 battle-field1 ,/riv+ 8 city's walls to build1 ,& give 8 ,gods a home3 ,!nce come ! h>dy ,lat9 brood1 ,! anci5t sires ( ,alba's blood1 ,& l(ty-rampir$ ,rome4 ,say1 ,muse1 = godhead h[ disda9$1 ,or :]e=e wor?1 ,heav5's que5 con/ra9$ ,t s\l ( piety s long ,to turn ! :eel1 to cope ) wrong4 ,c heav5ly natures n\ri% hate ,s fi]ce1 s bl9dly passionate8 ,,con+ton4 ,arma virumque cano1 ,troj qui primus ab oris ,italiam1 fato pr(ugus1 ,lav9aque v5it ,litora1 multum ille et t]ris jactatus et alto ,vi sup]m1 sv memorem ,junonis ob iram1 ,multa quoque et bello passus1 dum cond]et urbem ,inf]retque deos ,latio3 g5us unde ,lat9um1 ,albanique patres atque alt mnia ,rom4 ,musa1 mihi causas memora1 quo num9e ls1 ,quidve dol5s1 reg9a dem tot volv]e casus ,insignem pietate virum1 tot adire labores ,impul]it4 ,tantne animis cle/ibus ir8 ,x c be obs]v$ t ,v]gil1 al?\gh he places himself =emo/ & al?\gh he says1 ,i s+1 beg9s nev]!less 9 a mann] mu* less animat$1 mu* less sure ?an ! ,greek poet1 :o1 transport$ beyond himself1 seems to impose ^u 8 ,muse ! subject ( 8 songs1 int]rogates h]1 & !n inspir$ by h]1 responds4 ,! ,lat9 poet f9i%es1 l 8 model1 ) a s5t5ce2 b x is easy to feel t ?is apo/rophe1 ,c heav5ly natures n\ri% hate ,s fi]ce1 s bl9dly passionate8 al?\gh v beautiful1 conta9s less dep?1 less feel+1 & holds less intimately to ! subject ?an ?is sublime reflection3 444 & ! m5 7 p]i%+6 ,someone has said t ,v]gil _h imitat$ 9 8 exposition ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,odyssey ( ,hom]2 ?is is a mi/ake4 ,"o f9ds always 9 ! exposition ( ! ,odyssey ! real "* ( a fir/ inspiration bl5d$ ) ! invocation1 al?\gh m calm & less allur+ ?an 9 ! ,iliad4 ,"h is ! translation3 ,du plus sage ,hros1 ,muse1 dis les trav]ses ,sans nombre1 aprs qu'il eut triomph d',ilion3 ,rapelle les cits1 les peuples1 les usages1 ,qu'il connut1 et les m]s o longtemps il erra3 quels so9s dvorants1 quels maux l'exposr5t ,l'am\r de la patrie et noble dsir ,d'y m5] ses gu]ri]s6 ,va9 dsir3 ils osr5t1 ,ins5ss6 du ,soleil dvor] les tr\peaux2 ,et ce ,dieu1 du ret\r leur ravit la j\rne4 ,fais-n\s "p de ces faits1 fille de ,jupit]4 ,tell me1 ,o ,muse1 ( t sagaci\s man ,:o1 hav+ ov]?r[n ! sacr$ t[n ,( ,ilium1 w&]$ f> & visit$ ,! capitals ( _m nations1 le>n$ ,! cu/oms ( _! dwell]s & endur$ ,great suff]+ on ! deep2 8 life 0 (t ,9 p]il1 z he lab\r$ to br+ back ,8 comrades to _! homes4 ,he sav$ !m n1 ,?\gh e>ne/ly he /rove2 !y p]i%$ all1 ,?r\gh _! own folly2 = !y banquet$1 ,madm56 ^u ! ox5 ( ! ,sun1 ,! all-o'erlook+ ,sun1 :o cut !m (f ,f _! return4 ,o ,goddess1 virg9-*ild ,( ,jove1 relate "s "p ( ?is to me4 ,,bryant4 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' 1 4 ' ' 1 1 4 1 1 4 ,! tal5t ( ,hom] %[s itself completely 9 ! ,odyssey2 x dom9ates ! g5ius !re1 s to speak1 z mu* z ! g5ius _h dom9at$ x 9 ! ,iliad4 ,! fire :i* animates ! ,iliad has be51 ) reason1 comp>$ to t ( ! sun arriv$ at ! height ( its c\rse1 & ! spl5d\r :i* %9es 9 ! ,odyssey to t ) :i* ! occid5t is col\r$ on ! ev5+ ( a f9e day4 ,p]haps if we _h 8 ,!baid1 we w\ld see ^? brilliant lights :i* accompany ! aurora1 develop$ !re1 & !n we w\ld possess 9 all its %ades ?is immortal g5ius :o depict$ all nature4 ,!re are p :o1 feel+ by a sort ( intuition t ,hom] _h be5 creat$ ! poetic inc5tive ( ,europe1 ev5 z ,i h said1 & judg+ on ! o!r h& t ,ario/o _h made an epic poem1 are conv9c$ t ! ,italian poet _h copi$ ! ,greek2 b ?is is n s4 ,ario/o1 :o has made only a romanesque poem1 has n receiv$ ! inspiration ( ,hom]2 he has simply foll[$ ! fictions attribut$ to ,ar*bi%op ,turp9 & clo?+ !m ) =ms borr[$ f ! ,arabs by ! tr\bad\rs makes himself creator 9 ?is second>y /yle4 ,! rhyme is z ess5tial to x z x is h>mful to v]itable epopia2 ?is is :y ! eumolpique v]ses nev] con=m to x 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,to apply !m to x1 is to make s]i\s :at is by nature gay1 x is to give a "* ( =ce & ( tru? to :at is only light1 airy1 & fanta/ic4 ,i am ab\t1 h[ev]1 to translate ! beg9n+ ( 8 poem1 9 ord] to furni%1 by ! %ock+ disp>ity :i* exi/s betwe5 ! romantic ess5ce ( 8 poetry & ! epic =m t ,i "h adapt1 a new pro( ( :at ,i h said4 ,je veux *ant] les ,dames1 les ,gu]ri]s1 ,l'am\r1 l'honneur1 et les jeux et les armes1 ,durant ces temps o les fi]s ,s>ras9s1 ,des m]s d',afrique1 abordr5t en ,france1 ,p\r second] les fureurs d',agramant1 ,le jeune roi1 dont l'orgueilleuse audace ,p5sait v5g] la mort du vieux ,trojan1 ,sur l'emp]eur des ,roma9s1 ,*>lemagne4 ,je veux aussi racont] de ,rol&1 ,*ose in\e1 autant en v]s qu'en prose2 ,dire l'am\r qui r5dit furieux ,ce palad91 aup>avant si sage2 ,si t\tefois celle qui m'a *>m1 ,qui va m9ant ma raison d'heure en heure1 ,m'en laisse assez p\r remplir dignem5t ,mon entreprise et t5ir ma promesse4 ,( ,loves & ,ladies1 ,knights & ,arms1 ,i s+1 ,( ,c\rtesies1 & _m a ,d>+ ,feat2 ,& f ^? anci5t days my /ory br+1 ,:5 ,moors f ,afric pass$ 9 ho/ile fleet1 ,& ravag$ ,france1 ) ,agramant _! ,k+1 ,flu%$ ) 8 y\?ful rage & furi\s heat2 ,:o on ,k+ ,*>les'1 ! ,roman emp]or's head ,_h v[$ due v5geance = ,troyano dead4 ,9 ! same /ra9 ( ,rol& w ,i tell ,?+s unattempt$ yet 9 prose or rhyme1 ,on :om /range madness & rank fury fell1 ,a man e/eem$ s wise 9 =m] "t2 ,if %e1 :o to l cruel pass has well ,nigh br\ght my feeble wit :i* fa9 w\ld climb ,& h\rly wa/es my s5se1 conc$e me skill ,& /r5g? my d>+ promise to fulfil4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,rose4 ,le donne1 i cavali]1 l'arme1 gl'amori ,le cortese1 l'audaci imprese io canto1 ,*e furo al tempo *e pass>o i ,mori ,d',africa il m>e1 e 9 ,francia nocqu] tanto1 ,segu5do l'ire e i giov5il furori ,d',agramante lor re1 *e si di vanto ,di v5dic> la morte di ,troiano ,sopra re ,c>lo imp]ator romano4 ,dir d',orl&o 9 un m$esmo tratto ,cosa non detta 9 prosa mai1 n 9 rima2 ,*e p] amor v5ne 9 furore e matto1 ,d'uom *e si saggio era /imato prima3 ,se da colei *e tal quasi m'ha fatto ,*e'l poco +egno ad or ad or mi lima1 ,me ne s> p] tanto concesso1 ,*e mi ba/i a f9ir quanto ho promesso4 ,x is v easy to see1 9 read+ ^! two /rophes1 t !re exi/s 9 ! exposition no sort ( resemblance ei!r ) t ( ,hom]1 or ) t ( ,v]gil4 ,x is a ?ird /yle1 :olly =eign to ! o!r two4 ,hom] m+l+ ! exposition & ! invocation1 comm&s 8 ,muse to s+ :at %e inspires 9 him2 ,v]gil di/+ui%+ "o f ! o!r1 prays 8 ,muse to acqua9t him ) :at he is ab\t to s+2 :]eas ,ario/o1 ann\nc+ simply ! subject ( 8 songs1 makes no invocation4 ,x is evid5t t he relies ^u himself1 & t 9 ! /yle t he adopts he und]/&s v well t he has no o!r ,muse1 no o!r guide ?an 8 imag9ation4 ,8 subject is 9 accord ) 8 mann] ( treat+ x4 ,if "o wi%es to reflect ^u ?is decisive po9t1 "o w feel & realize1 = ! fir/ "t p]haps1 :y 9 ! op9ion ( all ! _w conc]n+ two works f ! same h&1 ,la ,pucelle & ,la ,h5riade1 ! "o is a poem1 :]eas ! o!r1 compos$ ) a f> great] pret5sion1 is n4 ,voltaire1 9 imitat+ ,ario/o 9 a subject t he has r5d]$ romanesque & frivol\s1 has receiv$ ! second inspiration2 b 9 imitat+ ,lucan 9 an hi/oric subject he receiv$ no?+1 = ,lucan1 creator ( a mix$ /yle1 _h no inspiration t he c\ld communicate4 ,i h said :at ,i ?\ght ( ,camo5s3 x is useless to quote ! exposition ( 8 poem t has no?+ rem>kable1 p>ticul>ly s9ce ,tasso has s f> surpass$ him4 ,tasso 0 wor?y ( receiv+ a v]itable inspiration4 ,8 l(ty g5ius1 8 pure & brilliant imag9ation br\ght him ne>] to ,v]gil ?an to ,ario/o2 & if he _h be5 inspir$ ev5 ?r\gh ! ,lat9 poet1 he w\ld h %[n ,europe :at ! magnetic p[] ( ,hom] 01 al?\gh act+ only 9 its ?ird degree4 ,b ! prejudices ( education work+ 9 him ev5 )\t 8 k1 & ! influ5ce t *ivalresque poetry _h atta9$ 9 ,italy1 did n p]mit him ei!r to =sake entirely ! *ronicles ( ,ar*bi%op ,turp91 or above all1 to make any *anges 9 ! consecrat$ =m4 ,all t he c\ld d 9 a mo/ grave & s]i\s hi/orical subject 0 to mix a little allegorical g5ius ) a great deal ( romanesque fiction2 s t1 becom+ inspir$ at ! same "t ) ,ario/o1 ,lucan1 & ,v]gil1 he made a mix$ "w1 :i*1 "u ! =m ( a l5g?y song1 conta9$ ! ess5ce ( epopia1 ( hi/ory1 & ( romance4 ,?is "w is "o ( ! mo/ ent]ta9+ poems t "o c read2 ! only "o p]haps :i* a translation 9 prose c h>m b little4 ,! inequality ( its texture takes away no?+ f ! int]e/ t x inspires4 ,x pleases1 b x does n in/ruct4 ,if ! eumolpique l9es 7 appli$ to x ?r\gh\t1 x w\ld n su/a9 !m2 = x is 9 sub/ance only a v beautiful ballad2 nev]!less1 "h & !re are f\nd p>ts :i* c\ld become sublime4 ,8 exposition1 imitat+ ,v]gil1 reveals !m v well4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,je *ante les combats pieux1 et le ,gu]ri] ,qui dlivra du ,*ri/ la tombe r5omme4 ,combi5 il dploya de gnie et d'ardeur6 ,combi5 il supporta de maux dans cette gu]re6 ,va9em5t les enf]s s'armr5t2 va9em5t ,les peuples de l',asie aux ,africa9s s'unir5t3 ,favoris du ,ciel1 s\s ses drapeaux sacrs1 ,va9queur1 il ram5a ses compagnons fidles4 ,div9e ,muse6 toi dont le front radieux ,ne ce9t po9t sur le ,p9de un lauri] prissable1 ,mais qui1 p>mi les *urs des habitants du ,ciel1 ,*antes1 le front orn d'toiles immortelles1 ,vi5s1 inspire mon se9 tes cle/es ardeurs2 ,fais brill] dans mes v]s tes cl>ts1 et p>donne ,si1 p>ant quelquefois l'au/re vrit1 ,je mle tes attraits des grces trangres4 ,i s+ ! pi\s arms & ,*ief1 :o fre$ ,! ,sepul*re ( ,*ri/ f ?rall pr(ane3 ,mu* did he toil 9 ?\ght1 & mu* 9 de$2 ,mu* 9 ! glori\s ent]prise su/a92 ,& ,hell 9 va9 oppos$ him2 & 9 va9 ,afric & ,asia to ! rescue p\r'd ,_! m+l$ tribes2,heav5 recomp5s$ 8 pa91 ,& f all fruitless sallies ( ! sword1 ,true to ! ,r$-,cross flag 8 w&]+ fri5ds re/or$4 ,o ?\1 ! ,muse1 t n ) fad+ palms ,circle/ ?y br[s on ,p9dus1 b among ,! ,angels w>bl+ _! cele/ial psalms1 ,ha/ = ! coronal a gold5 ?rong ,( ev]la/+ />s6 make ?\ my song ,lucid & pure2 brea! ?\ ! flame div9e ,into my bosom2 & =give ! wrong1 ,if ) grave tru? light fiction ,i comb9e1 ,& sometimes grace my page ) o!r fl[]s ?an ?9e6 ,,wiff54 ,canto l'armi pietose1 e'l ,capitano ,*e'l gran sepolcro lib] di ,*ri/o3 ,molto egli opr col s5no e con la mano2 ,molto s(fri nel glorioso acqui/o3 ,e invano l',inf]no a lui s'oppose1 e invano ,s'arm d',asia1 e d ,libia il popol mi/o2 ,* il ,ciel di favore1 e sotto ai santi ,segni ridusse i suoi compagni erranti4 ,o ,musa1 tu1 *e di cadu*i allori ,non circondi la fronte 9 ,elicona ,ma su nel ,ciel infra i beati cori1 ,hai di /elle immortali aurea corona1 ,tu spira al petto mio cele/i ardori1 ,tu ris*i>a il mio canto1 e tu p]dona1 ,s'intesso fregi al v]1 s'adorno 9 p>te ,d'altri diletti1 *e de' tuoi1 le c>te4 ,! captivat+ en?usiasm ( ,hom]1 ! maje/ic simplicity ( ,v]gil are n !re2 !re is a sweetness ( expression1 a purity ( imag]y :i* please4 ,?is might be great]1 b !n ! melan*oly ( ! romance w\ld exclude x & ! read] w\ld dem& ! full =ce ( epopia4 ,besides1 ! ,italians h tri$1 ov] & ov] aga91 to v>y ! =m ( _! v]ses2 "s h wi%$ to measure !m by musical rhy?m2 o!rs h cont5t$ !mselves ) mak+ blank v]se4 ,!y h nei!r succe$$ completely nor fail$ completely4 ,_! language sweet & musical lacks =ce :e!r 9 good or 9 evil4 ,its words might inde$1 /rictly speak+1 be compos$ ( long & %ort syllables2 b z !y t]m9ate1 ne>ly all1 9 ! s(t & languid /yle t we call fem99e1 x results1 !re=e1 t 9 ! measur$ v]ses ! poets lack ! long syllables to con/itute ! la/ foot & to =m ! spondee2 & t 9 ! blank v]se !y are oblig$ to t]m9ate !m all 9 ! same /yle2 s t ) ! measure !y create only lame v]ses1 & )\t ! rhyme !y make !m all equally languid4#bbd ,i recall hav+ sometimes read ,fr5* writ]s :o1 n hav+ inve/igat$ ! "* ( _! tongue1 h reproa*$ x = its fem99e syllables & h believ$ t _! concurr5ce 0 h>mful to its =ce & its h>mony4 ,^! writ]s h sc>cely consid]$ :at ?is language w\ld be1 depriv$ ( its fem99e s\nds4 ,= ) ! little =ce t x w\ld ga9 on "o side1 x w\ld acquire su* a h>%ness on ! o!r1 t x w\ld be impossible to draw f x f\r consecutive l9es t w\ld be endurable4 ,if all its f9als 7 mascul9e1 & if no?+ c\ld *ange x o!rwise1 x w\ld be necess>y to r5\nce poetry1 or l ! ,arabs1 be resolv$ to compose :ole poems 9 ! same rhyme4 ,we h j se5 t ! lack ( mascul9e f9als takes away all en]gy f ! ,italian tongue2 a contr>y defect w\ld deprive ! ,fr5* ( ?is mlange ( sweetness & =ce :i* makes x ! premire langue ( ,europe4 ,! ,engli% language is lack+ 9 precisely :at ! writ]s ( :om ,i h spok5 desir$ elim9at$ f ! ,fr5*1 )\t =esee+ ! grave disadvantages ( _! desire3 x has no fem99e f9als#bbe2 also x is 9 ev]y?+ ! opposite ( ! ,italian4 ,x is true t x possesses great en]gy1 great boldness ( expression1 & a grammatical lib]ty :i* goes to ! full ext5t2 b depriv$ ( sweetness & s(tness1 x is1 if ,i may say x1 l ^? brittle metals ^: /r5g? is 9 /iffness1 & :i* is brok5 :5 "o w\ld make !m flexible4 ,! pov]ty ( its rhymes1 d5ud$ = ! mo/ "p ( accuracy ( acc5t & ( h>mony 9 consonants1 has = a long "t engag$ ! ,engli% poets 9 mak+ blank v]se2 & x mu/ be admitt$ t1 not)/&+ ! defect inh]5t 9 _! tongue & :i* consi/s1 z ,i h j said1 9 ! absolute lack ( fem99e f9als1 !y h succe$$ 9 ?is bett] ?an any ( ! poets ( o!r nations4 ,^! l9es1 all imp]fect 9 _! h>mony1 are h[ev]1 z to =m1 ! only eumolpique v]se t !y c\ld make4 ,%akespe>e felt x & made use ( x 9 8 trag$ies4 ,%akespe>e ) ! creative g5ius ) :i* nature _h end[$ him1 w\ld h borne dramatic art to its p]fection 9 ^! mod]n times1 if circum/ances _h be5 z fav\rable to him z !y 7 adv]se4 ,emulator ( s*ylus1 he might h equall$ & p]haps surpass$ him1 if he _h _h at 8 disposal a m9e s ri*1 s brilliant z t ( ! my/]ies ( ,orpheus2 if he _h made use ( a language s h>moni\s1 if 8 ta/e _h be5 able to be ref9$ at ! s*ool ( ,p9d> or ( ,hom]4 ,at ! epo* ( 8 bir?1 ,europe sc>cely em]g$ f ! gloom ( b>b>ism2 ! !atre1 giv5 ov] to ridicul\s m\ntebanks1 pr(an$ 9 indec5t f>ces ! incompreh5sible my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & ! ,engli% tongue1 /ill crude & un=m$1 _h n succe$$ 9 amalgamat+ 9 "o s+le body ! oppos$ dialects ( :i* x 0 successively =m$4 ,9 spite ( ^! ob/acles1 ,%akespe>e /amp$ ^u ,engl& a movem5t ( :i* ,europe felt ! influ5ce4 ,rais$ by ! sole =ce ( 8 g5ius to ! ess5ce ( dramatic poetry1 he d>$ to seek = 8 subjects 9 ! my?ology ( ,od91 & put ^u ! /age1 9 ,hamlet & 9 ,macbe?1 tableaux ( ! highe/ "*4#bbf ,l s*ylus he conduct$ "o to virtue by t]ror2 b un=tunately ! ta/e ( ! spectators1 ^u :i* he 0 =c$ to model 81 l$ him to degrade 8 tableaux by grotesque figures3 ! ,engli% p 7 n suffici5tly advanc$ to compreh5d ! moral end ( ! trag$y4 ,!y mu/ be amus$2 & ,%akespe>e succe$$ only at ! exp5se ( ! beauties ( ! art4 ,hi/oric facts & trivial sc5es replac$ ! my/]i\s & sublime subjects4 ,9 ,london1 ! dramatic muse 0 turbul5t & lic5ti\s2 z 9 ,madrid x _h be5 *ivalr\s & gallant4 ,ev]y:]e ! !atre _h to accommodate itself to ! ta/e ( ! p4 ,! fir/ regul> trag$y :i* ,pi]re ,corneille compos$ 9 ,france 0 d]iv$ f a ,spani% ballad4 ,madrid at t "t gave ! tone to ,europe4 ,x ne$$ mu* ( ! "t & all ! prosp]ity ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 to ?r[ (f ! unseasonable asc5dancy t ?is pr\d nation _h assum$ ov] public op9ion4#bbg ,not)/&+ ! ef=ts ( ,corneille1 ( ,rac9e1 & ( ,molire1 ! ,?tre ,franais reta9$ always ! romanesque tone t x _h orig9ally receiv$4 ,all t ^! ?ree m5 c\ld d 01 by l(ty s5tim5ts1 by purity ( =ms1 by regul>ity ( ! cu/oms & *>act]s1 to pass ov] :at 01 9 reality1 defective4 ,!y came ?us to give to mod]n dramatic art all ! p]fection ( :i* x 0 susceptible4 ,%akespe>e _h be5 9 ,london ! successor ( s*ylus2 ,corneille receiv$ 9 ,france ! inspiration ( ,sophocles2 ,rac9e1 t ( ,euripides2 & ,molire unit$ z 9 a %eaf ! _s ( ,m5&]1 ( ,t]5ce1 & ( ,plautus4 ,:5 ,i comp>e ,%akespe>e ) s*ylus1 ,i want to make x cle>ly und]/ood t ,i reg>d him z ! reg5]ator ( ! !atre 9 ,europe1 & sup]ior to ,corneille & ,rac9e z to dramatic ess5ce1 al?\gh he may be assur$ly mu* inf]ior to !m z to =m4 s*ylus1 9 ,greek1 0 inspir$ by ,hom]2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 x 0 ,%akespe>e :o inspir$ ,milton4 ,x is kn[n t ,p>adise ,lo/ 0 at fir/ conceiv$ z ! subject ( a trag$y1 & t x 0 only aft] reflection t ! ,engli% poet saw !re9 ! mat]ial = an epic poem4 ,i w tell lat] on1 9 speak+ ( ! ,messiah ( ,klop/ock1 :at has prev5t$ ^! two subjects1 :i* appe> equally epics1 f atta9+ :olly to ! maje/y ( epopia4 ,z _m ( ! motives t ,i h to (f] apply to ! two works1 ,i w ?us avoid useless repetition4 ,i %all beg9 by translat+ ! exposition & invocation ( ,milton1 by imitat+ its movem5t & its h>mony1 z ,i h done ) ! o!r poets4 ,de l'homme1 vi5s *ant] la disgrce1 et la fruit ,de cet arbre fatal1 dont le gt homicide ,livra le ,monde au crime1 la mort1 aux malheurs1 ,et n\s ravit ,ed51 jusqu'au mom5t qu'un ,homme ,plus gr&1 p> son trpas1 ra*eta le sj\r ,du bonheur3 vi5s1 ,muse6 toi qui1 sur la cime ,se ,s9a1 d',oreb1 en secret inspiras ,la ,b]g] d',isral1 qu& d'une voix sacre ,il enseignait comm5t et la t]re et des cieux ,sortir5t du ,*aos6 ou bi51 si tu prfres ,les sommets de ,sion1 les bords du ,silo1 ,qui1 prs du ,temple sa9t1 r\le ses flots1 ,muse6 ,vi5s protg] de l mes *ants audacieux1 ,mes *ants qui1 surpassant d'un essor non timide1 ,les monts ,aoni5s1 vont racont] des faits ,que n'ont po9t encor dits la prose ni la rime4 ,( ,man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit ,( t =bidd5 tree1 ^: mortal ta/e ,br\ght dea? into ! _w1 & all our woe1 ,) loss ( ,ed51 till "o great] ,man ,re/ore u & rega9 ! blissful seat1 ,s+1 heav5ly ,muse1 t1 on ! secret top ,( ,oreb or ( ,s9ai1 did/ inspire ,t %eph]d1 :o fir/ taught ! *os5 se$1 ,9 ! beg9n+ h[ ! heav5s & e>? ,rose out ( *aos2 or if ,sion hill ,delight !e m1 & ,siloa's brook t fl['d ,fa/ by ! oracle ( ,god2 ,i !nce ,invoke ?y aid to my adv5tur\s song1 ,t ) no middle flight int5ds to so> ,above ! ,aonian m\nt1 :ile x pursues ,?+s unattempt$ yet 9 prose or rhyme4 ,?is invocation is manife/ly 9 imitation ( ,hom]1 f :om ,milton has receiv$ ! second inspiration )\t ! int]m$i>y,v]gil4 ,"o c obs]ve 9 ! ,engli% poet ! same movem5t & almo/ z mu* =ce z 9 ! ,greek poet1 b mu* less cl>ity1 precision1 & p>ticul>ly h>mony4 ,ne>ly all ( ^! defects p]ta9 to 8 subject & 8 tongue4 ,circum/ances 7 n fav\rable to ,milton4 ,8 l9es c\ld n h be5 bett] ) ! elem5ts t he 0 =c$ to employ4 ,all imp]fect z !y are1 !y are wor? mu* m ?an ^? ( ,klop/ock2 = at lea/ !y are 9 ! "* ( 8 tongue1 :]eas ^? ( ! ,g]man poet are n4 ,milton is satisfi$ ) ?r[+ (f ! yoke ( rhyme1 & has made eumolpique l9es ( "o foot only1 measur$ by t5 syllables4 ,_! defect1 inh]5t 9 ! ,engli% idiom1 consi/s1 z ,i h said1 9 hav+ all ! l9es be>+ equally ! mascul9e f9al1 j>r+ cont9ually "o ) ! o!r4 ,klop/ock has aspir$ to make1 9 ,g]man1 v]ses measur$ by ! musical rhy?m ( ! ,greeks2 b he has n p]ceiv$ t he took z long & %ort1 9 8 tongue1 syllables :i* 7 n su* 9 musical rhy?m1 b by acc5t & prosody1 :i* is q diff]5t4 ,! ,g]man tongue1 compos$ ( contract$ words & consequ5tly bri/l+ ) consonants1 be>s no resemblance to ! ,greek1 ^: words1 ab\nd+ 9 v[els1 71 on ! contr>y1 made cle> by _! elongation4 ,! rhy?mic l9es ( ,klop/ock are mat]ially a ?ird long] ?an ^? ( ,hom]1 al?\gh ! ,g]man poet has aspir$ to build !m on an equal measure4#bbh ,_! rhy?mic h>mony1 if x exi/s !re1 is absolutely factiti\s2 x is a p$antic imitation & no?+ m4 ,9 ord] to make ! movem5t ( ^! l9es und]/ood 9 ,fr5*1 & to copy z closely z possible _! h>mony1 x is necess>y to compose l9es ( two csuras1 or :at am\nts to ! same1 to employ con/antly a l9e & a half to repres5t a s+le "o4 ,"h are ! fir/ f\rte5 l9es :i* conta9 ! exposition & invocation ( ! ,messiah3 ,des c\pables huma9s1 clbre1 ,ame immortelle1 l'heureuse dlivrance1 ,que sur t]re envoy le ,messie accomplit dans son humanit3 ,dis comm5t il r5dit les fils du premi] homme leur ,auteur cle/e2 ,s\ffrant et mis mort1 enf9 glorifi4 ,a9si s'excuta ,le dcret t]nel4 ,en va9 ,satan rebelle opposa son audace ,a ce ,fils du ,trs-,haut2 et ,judas va9em5t s'leva contre lui3 ,rconciliateur et ,rdempteur suprme1 il consomma son uvre4 ,mais quoi1 noble action6 que ,dieu seul en son cur misricordieux1 ,connat1 la ,posie1 en son exil t]re/re1 p\rra-t-elle te suivre8 ,non1 ,esprit crateur1 c'e/ toi1 devant qui je m'incl9e en tremblant1 ,a rappro*] de moi cette action div9e1 toi-mme semblable4 ,vi5s donc1 conduis-la-moi dans l'tat immortel de t\te sa beaut2 ,remplis-la de ton feu1 toi que1 sondant l'abme du ,trs-,haut1 peux de l'homme ,issu de la p\ssire1 et fragile et mortel1 te faire un temple sa9t4 ,my ,s\l1 deg5]ate man's r$emption s+1 ,:i* ! ,messiah 9 8 human /ate ,on e>? accompli%$1 by :i*1 suff]+ sla9 ,& glorify'd1 unto ! ,love ( ,god ,! prog5y ( ,adam he re/or$4 ,su* 0 ! ev]la/+ ,w div9e1 ,?' inf]nal ,fi5d oppos$ him1 ,judah /ood ,9 opposition pr\d2 b va9 _! rage3 ,he did ! de$1 he wr\ght out man's salvation4 ,yet1 wondr\s ,de$1 :i* ?' all-compassionate ,jehovah alone completely compreh5ds1 ,may ,poesy presume f h] remote ,obscurity to v5ture on ?y !me8 ,creative ,_s1 9 ^: pres5ce "h ,i humbly' adore1 h] ef=ts consecrate1 ,conduct h] /eps & lead h]1 me to meet1 ,( transport full1 ) glori\s *>ms end['d ,& p[] immortal1 imitat+ ,!e4 7,,ege/orff47 ,s+1 uns]t]bli*e ,seele1 d] sndig5 ,m5s*5 ,erlsung1 ,die d] ,messias auf ,erd51 9 se9] ,m5s*eit voll5det2 ,und dur* die er ,adams ,ges*le*t zu d] ,liebe d] ,got!it1 ,leid5d1 getdtet und v]h]li*et1 weid] erhhet hat4 ,also ges*ah des ,ewig5 ,wille4 ,v]geb5s erhub si* ,satan geg5 d] gttli*5 ,sohn2 umson/ /& ,juda ,geg5 ihn auf2 er t's1 und wollbra*te die grosse ,v]shnung4 ,ab]1 o ,t1 die alle9 d] ,alb>mh]zige k5net1 ,d>f aus dunckl] ,f]ne si* au* dir nah5 die ,di*tkun/8 ,weihe sie1 ,gei/1 ,s*pf]1 vor dem i* hi] /ill anbete1 ,fhre sie mir1 als de9e ,na*ahm]91 voil] ,entzckung1 ,voll un/]bli*] ,kraft1 9 v]klrt] ,s*nheit1 entgeg54 ,r/e mit de9em ,feu] sie1 du1 d] die ,tief5 des ,got!it ,s*aut und d5 ,m5s*51 aus ,/aube gema*t1 zum ,tempel si* heiligt6 ,x is evid5t t 9 ?is exposition ! movem5t ( ,hom] has be5 unit$ by ,klop/ock to ! ideas ( ,tasso4 ,! ,g]man poet claims nev]!less ! orig9ality1 & believes t he himself 0 call$ to enjoy ! fir/ inspiration4 ,9 ord] t ?is high aspiration might h be5 realiz$1 a mass ( le>n+ v difficult to f9d w\ld h be5 necess>y4 ,i w expla9 briefly ?is idea4 ,i believe t ! "o :o1 disda9+ to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,hom] or ( ,v]gil1 w\ld wi% to op5 ano!r road to epopia1 %\ld be well acqua9t$ ) ! gr\nd ov] :i* he v5tures to trace x1 & ! goal t[>d :i* he aspires to conduct x2 ,i ?9k he %\ld make himself ma/] ( 8 subject s t no?+ might rema9 obscure or unkn[n to him2 s t if he %\ld *oose ei!r ! d[nfall ( ,man1 z ,milton1 or 8 rehabilitation1 aft] ! example ( ,klop/ock1 he w\ld be able to acqua9t himself ) ! inn] mean+ ( ^! my/]ies1 to expla9 all ! conditions1 to compreh5d ! beg9n+ & ! end1 &1 rais+ himself to ! intellectual nature :]e !y _h bir?1 to spread light ^u physical nature4 ,?is is ! fir/ atta9m5t t ,i deem indisp5sable to ! epic poet2 ,i say t he %\ld und]/& :at he w\ld s+4 ,hom] knew :at ,ilium 01 :at ,i?aca 02 he c\ld expla9 to himself ! nature ( ,a*illes & ,hel51 ( ,p5elope & ,ulysses2 consequ5tly he c\ld depict !m4 ,i d n wi% to inve/igate "h :e!r ,milton has und]/ood 9 ! same mann] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,_w & ! nature ( ,satan2 nor :e!r ,klop/ock has well und]/ood ! my/]y ( ! inc>nation ( ! ,messiah4 ,i only say t if !y h n und]/ood ^! ?+s1 !y _c s+ !m 9 a mann] really epic4 ,a defect :i* is common to ^! two poets1 & :i* is ev5 noticeable 9 ! ,j]usalem ,deliv]$ ( ,tasso1 is1 t ev]y?+ :i* does n p]ta9 to ! "p ( ! celebrat$ h]o1 is by its impure1 unfai?ful1 impi\s nature1 gov]n$ by ! ,pr9ciple ( evil1 & z su* consign$ to et]nal damnation4 ,an insurm\ntable b>ri] sep>ates ! p]sonages & makes !m n alone enemies1 b oppos$1 z mu* z good & evil1 light & d>kness4 ,h[ev]1 ! passions act unkn[n ev5 to ! poet2 ! read] is hurri$ along1 he =gets ! fatal l9e ( dem>cation1 & is deceiv$ into becom+ int]e/$ 9 ,satan1 into f9d+ great1 beautiful1 & t]rible1 ?is enemy ( mank9d2 he tru/s 9 ,armida1 he is mov$ by h] tr\bles1 & seconds ) 8 v[s ^? ( a notori\s magician1 in/rum5t ( ! ,inf]nal ,_s4 ,matt]s g n ?us ) ,hom]4 ,! ,greeks see 9 ! ,trojans1 enemies1 & n reprobates4 ,p>is is culpable b n impi\s4 ,hector is a h]o 9 :om "o c be int]e/$ )\t %ame1 & ! int]e/ t "o devotes to him reflects ^u ,a*illes & c ev5 be increas$4 ,! gods are divid$2 b ,v5us & ,juno1 ,m9]va & ,m>s1 ,vulcan & ,neptune are ( a l nature2 & al?\gh divid$ 9 ! epic action1 !y are none ! less v5]at$ by bo? p>ties1 equal among ea* o!r & all equally subject to ,jupit]1 :o excites or *ecks _! res5tm5t4 ,i "k n :e!r any "o has already made ?is obs]vation2 b be t z x may1 x is v important4 ,"o c atta9 to ! sublimity ( epopia only if l ,hom] "o kn[s h[ to oppose ! ,p[]s :i* s]ve ! h]o ) ! ,p[]s :i* p]secute him4 ,= if ev]y?+ :i* s]ves ! h]o is good1 holy1 & sacr$1 & ev]y?+ :i* is h>mful to him wick$1 impi\s1 & reprobate1 ,i d n see ! glory ( 8 triumph4 ,! pr9cipal defect 9 ,milton's poem is t 8 h]o succumbs1 al?\gh he has to combat only ! evil ?+s )9 himself1 :il/ ev]y?+ :i* is good protects him3 ! poem ( ,klop/ock does n hold ! read]'s int]e/1 because ! p]ils ( 8 h]o are illusory & z soon z he is repres5t$ z ,god1 & :5 he himself kn[s 8 div9ity1 8 d[nfall is absolutely impossible4 ,b x is too mu* to dwell ^u po9ts ( criticism :i* d n belong to my subject4 ,i h t\*$ ^u !m only slightly s t y may feel1 ,messieurs1 not)/&+ ! pret5sions ( ?ree rival peoples1 t ! epic c>e] rema9s none ! less :olly op5 to ! ,fr5* nation4 ,"s out-(-!-way pa?s h be5 trac$ "h & !re2 b no poet s9ce ,v]gil1 has left ! impr9t ( 8 /eps ^u ! true pa?4 ,! mom5t is p]haps at h& = ga!r+ ! palms t "t has rip5$4 ,mu/ ?is c5tury1 great 9 prodigies1 rema9 )\t an impassion$ & en*ant+ voice to s+ ( !m8 ,assur$ly n4 ,:oev] may be ! poet ^: g5ius raises itself to ?is noble task1 ,i h wi%$ f af> to l5d him my feeble support2 = ,i h (t5 en\gh repeat$1 t tal5t alone w aspire to ?is 9 va94 ,epopia w only be ! portion ( ! "o :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! ess5ce ( poetry & :o is able to apply to x a prop] =m4 ,i h p5etrat$ ?is ess5ce z f> z has be5 possible = me1 & ,i h reveal$ my ideas1 ,messieurs1 z cle>ly z ! insuffici5cy ( my means has p]mitt$4 ,i tru/ t _! developm5t may h appe>$ satisfactory & useful to y2 ,i tru/ equally t ! new =m :i* ,i (f] y m]its y\r att5tion4 ,i h appli$ x be=e y1 to ideas1 to int5tions & to v diff]5t h>monies3 x adapts itself "h1 = ( itself x is no?+4 ,subject :olly to poetic ess5ce1 x receives !refrom all its lu/re4 ,if ! ideas t x w\ld r5d] h gr&eur & sublimity1 x w easily become gr& & sublime2 b no?+ w\ld be poor] & m void1 ?an t x %\ld s]ve trivial ?\ghts or t x %\ld conceal an absolute want ( ideas4 ,d n imag9e1 ,messieurs1 t ! abs5ce ( rhyme makes easy ! ,fr5* v]se2 x is precisely ?is abs5ce :i* makes ! great difficulty3 = !re is n !n ! means ( writ+ )\t ?9k+4 ,"o c1 ) ! aid ( tal5t & practice1 compose pleas+ rhym$ v]se1 )\t a great exp5diture ( ideas2 ! enorm\s quantity t is made today proves t x is n v difficult4 ,! elegance ( =m supplies ! /]ility ( sub/ance4 ,b ?is =m becomes at la/ worn out2 ! rhymes are n inexhau/ible2 "o ^w attracts ano!r1 =ces x to unite ) x1 mak+ und]/ood ! s\nds t "o has he>d a ?\s& times1 repeat+ ! pictures :i* are ev]y:]e2 "o repeats unceas+ly ! same ?+s3 ! enjambm5t :i* gives s mu* grace to ! ,greek & ,lat9 v]se & )\t :i* real epic impulse _c exi/1 is oppos$ to ! rhyme & de/roys x4 ,y c see1 ,messieurs1 t x con/itutes "o ( ! pr9cipal qualities ( eumolpique v]se2 no?+ "h con/ra9s ! en?usiasm ( ! poet4 ,aft] "s impassion$ v]ses t ,i h believ$ necess>y = y to he>1 ,i %all n[ pass on to v]ses1 philosophical & devoid ( passion1 :i* =m ! subject ( ?is writ+ & to :i* ,i desire above all to call y\r att5tion4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,v]ses ,,( ,,py?agoras 4#bbi 1 1 4 ' 4 1 4 4#bcj 1 ' ' 4 ' 4 ' 1 ' 4 ' 1 4 4 ' 1 1 1 4 ' ' 1 ' 4 4 1 4 ' 4 ' 1 ' 4 1 1 ' 4 4 4 ' 1 '1 ' 1 ' ' 4 ' 1 ' 1 4 1 1 ' 1 1 4 1 4 ' 4 ' 1 ' 4 1 4 ' ' 4 1 1 4 '1 ' 4 1 4 1 1 4 ' ' 4 '1 4 4#bca ' ' 1 2 ' 2 2 ' 1 4 ' 4 4 1 4 ' ' 4 1 1 ' 1 1 4 '1 1 ' ' 1 4 ' ' 1 ' ' 4 4 ' ' ' 4 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 ' 1 1 1 1 4 ' ' 1 1 1 4 ,v]s ,dors des ,py?agorici5s ,,pr,,p>ation ,r5ds aux ,dieux immortels le cult consacr2 ,g>de ensuite ta foi3 ,rvre la mmoire ,des ,hros bi5faiteurs1 des ,esprits demi-,dieux4 ,,purification ,sois bon fils1 frre ju/e1 p\x t5dre et bon pre4 ,*oisis p\r ton ami1 l'ami de la v]tu2 ,cde ses d\x conseils1 in/ruis-toi p> sa vie1 ,et p\r un tort lg] ne le quitt] jamais2 ,si tu le peux du mo9s3 c> une loi svre ,atta*e la ,puissance la ,ncessit4 ,il t'e/ donn p\rtant de combattre et se va9cre ,tes folles passions3 appr5ds les dompt]4 ,sois sobre1 actif et *a/e2 vite la colre4 ,en public1 en secret ne te p]mets jamais ,ri5 de mal2 surt\t respecte-toi toi-mme4 ,ne p>le et n'agis po9t sans avoir rfl*i4 ,sois ju/e4 ,s\vi5s-toi qu'un p\voir inv9cible ,ordonne de m\rir2 que les bi5s1 les honneurs ,facilem5t acquis1 sont faciles p]dre4 ,et quant aux maux qu'entrane avec soi le ,de/91 ,juge-les ce qu'ils sont3 supporte-les2 et t*e1 ,autant que tu p\rras1 d'en ad\cir les traits3 ,les ,dieux1 aux plus cruels1 n'ont pas livr les sages4 ,comme la ,vrit1 l',erreur a ses amants3 ,le philosophe appr\ve1 ou blme avec prud5ce2 ,et si ,erreur triomphe1 il s'loigne2 il att5d4 ,ec\te1 et grave bi5 en ton cur mes p>oles3 ,f]me l'il et l'oreille la prv5tion2 ,cra9s l'exemple d'autrui2 p5se d'aprs toi-mme2 ,consulte1 dlibre1 et *oisis librem5t4 ,laisse les f\s agir et sans b et sans cause4 ,tu dois dans le prs5t1 contempl] l'av5ir4 ,ce que tu ne sais pas1 ne prt5ds po9t le faire4 ,in/ruis-toi3 t\t s'accorde la con/ance1 au temps4 ,veille sur ta sant3 disp5se avec mesure1 ,au corps les alim5ts1 l'esprit le repos4 ,trop ou trop peu de so9s sont fuir2 c> l'envie1 ,a l'un et l'autre excs1 s'atta*e galem5t4 ,le luxe et l'av>ice ont des suites semblables4 ,il faut *oisir en t\t1 un milieu ju/e et bon4 ,,p]fection ,que jamais le sommeil ne f]me ta paupire1 ,sans t'tre dem&3 ,qu'ai-je omis8 qu'ai-je fait8 ,si c'e/ mal1 ab/i5s-toi2 si c'e/ bi51 p]svre4 ,mdite mes conseils2 aime-les2 suis-les t\s3 ,aux div9es v]tus ils sauront te conduire4 ,j'en jure p> celui qui grava dans nos curs1 ,la ,ttrade sacre1 imm5se et pur symbole1 ,s\rce de la ,nature1 et modle des ,dieux4 ,mais qu'avant1 ton me1 son devoir fidle1 ,invoque avec f]veur ces ,dieux1 dont les sec\rs ,peuv5t seuls a*ev] tes uvres comm5ces4 ,in/ruit p> eux1 alors ri5 ne t'abus]a3 ,des tres diffr5ts tu sond]as l'ess5ce2 ,tu connatras de ,t\t le pr9cipe et la f94 ,tu sauras1 si le ,ciel le veut1 que la ,nature1 ,semblable en t\te *ose1 e/ la mme en t\t lieu3 ,en sorte qu'clair sur tes droits vritables1 ,ton cur de va9s dsirs ne se repatra plus4 ,tu v]ras que les maux qui dvor5t les hommes1 ,sont le fruit de leur *oix2 et que ces malheureux ,*]*5t lo9 d'eux bi5s dont ils port5t la s\rce4 ,peu sav5t tre heureux3 j\ets des passions1 ,t\r t\r ballots p> des vagues contraires1 ,sur une m] sans rive1 ils r\l5t1 aveugls1 ,sans p\voir rsi/] ni cd] l'orage4 ,dieu6 v\s les sauv]iez en dsillant leurs yeux4''' ,mais non3 c'e/ aux huma9s1 dont la race e/ div9e1 ,a disc]n] l',erreur1 voir la ,vrit4 ,la ,nature les s]t4 ,toi qui l'z pntre1 ,homme sage1 homme heureux1 respire dans le port4 ,mais obs]ve mes lois1 en t'ab/5ant des *oses ,que ton me doit cra9dre1 en les di/+uant bi52 ,en laissant sur le corps rgn] l'intellig5ce3 ,af9 que1 t'levant dans l',e!r radieux1 ,au se9 des ,immortels1 tu sois un ,dieu toi-mme6 ,,exam9ations ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,v]ses3 ,,explanations ,,& ,,developm5ts ,,exam9ations ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,v]ses3 ,,explanations ,,& ,,developm5ts #a4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,v]ses ,,( ,,! ,,py?agoreans ,! anci5ts _h ! habit ( comp>+ ) gold all t !y deem$ )\t defects & pre-em95tly beautiful3 ?us1 by ! ,gold5 ,age !y und]/ood1 ! age ( virtues & ( happ9ess2 & by ! ,gold5 ,v]ses1 ! v]ses :]e9 0 conceal$ ! mo/ pure doctr9e4#bcb ,!y con/antly attribut$ ^! ,v]ses to ,py?agoras1 n t !y believ$ t ?is philosoph] _h himself compos$ !m1 b because !y knew t 8 disciple1 ^: "w !y 71 _h reveal$ ! exact doctr9e ( 8 ma/] & _h bas$ !m all ^u maxims issu$ f 8 m\?4#bcc ,?is disciple1 comm5dable ?r\gh 8 le>n+1 & especially ?r\gh 8 devotion to ! precepts ( ,py?agoras1 0 call$ ,lysis4#bcd ,aft] ! dea? ( ?is philosoph] & :ile 8 enemies1 mom5t>ily triumphant1 _h rais$ at ,crotona & at ,metaponte t t]rible p]secution :i* co/ ! lives ( s great a numb] ( ,py?agoreans1 cru%$ b5ea? ! dbris ( _! burn$ s*ool1 or con/ra9$ to die ( hung] 9 ! temple ( ! ,muses1#bce ,lysis1 happily escap$ f ^! disa/]s1 retir$ into ,greece1 :]e1 wi%+ to spread ! sect ( ,py?agoras1 to ^: pr9ciples calumnies _h be5 atta*$1 he felt x necess>y to set up a sort ( =mul>y :i* w\ld conta9 ! basis ( morals & ! pr9cipal rules ( conduct giv5 by ?is celebrat$ man4 ,x is to ?is g5]\s movem5t t we owe ! philosophical v]ses t ,i h essay$ to translate into ,fr5*4 ,^! v]ses1 call$ gold5 = ! reason ,i h giv51 conta9 ! s5tim5ts ( ,py?agoras & are all t rema9 to u1 really au!ntic1 conc]n+ "o ( ! greate/ m5 ( antiquity4 ,hi]ocles1 :o has transmitt$ !m to u ) a long & ma/]ly ,comm5t>y1 assures u t !y d n conta91 z "o might believe1 ! s5tim5t ( "o 9 p>ticul>1 b ! doctr9e ( all ! sacr$ corps ( ,py?agoreans & ! voice ( all ! assemblies4#bcf ,he adds t !re exi/$ a law :i* prescrib$ t ea* "o1 e morn+ ^u ris+ & e ev5+ ^u retir+1 %\ld read ^! v]ses z ! oracles ( ! ,py?agorean s*ool4 ,"o sees1 9 reality1 by _m passages f ,cic]o1 ,horace1 ,s5eca1 & o!r writ]s wor?y ( belief1 t ?is law 0 /ill vigor\sly execut$ 9 _! "t4#bcg ,we "k by ! te/imony ( ,gal5 9 8 treatise on ,! ,und]/&+ & ! ,cure ( ! ,maladies ( ! ,s\l1 t he himself read e day1 morn+ & ev5+1 ! ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras2 & t1 aft] hav+ read !m1 he recit$ !m by he>t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i mu/ n neglect to say t ,lysis1 :o is ! au?or ( !m1 obta9$ s mu* celebrity 9 ,greece t he 0 hon\r$ z ! ma/] & fri5d ( ,epam9ondas4#bch ,if 8 "n has n be5 atta*$ to ?is "w1 x is because at ! epo* :5 he wrote x1 ! anci5t cu/om /ill exi/$ ( consid]+ ?+s & n individuals3 x 0 ) ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras t "o 0 conc]n$1 & n ) ! tal5t ( ,lysis :i* _h made x kn[n4 ,! disciples ( a great man _h no o!r "n ?an 84 ,all _! works 7 attribut$ to him4 ,?is is an obs]vation suffici5tly important to make & :i* expla9s h[ ,vyasa 9 ,india1 ,h]mes 9 ,egypt1 ,orpheus 9 ,greece1 h be5 ! suppos$ au?ors ( su* a multitude ( books t ! lives ( _m m5 w\ld n ev5 suffice to read !m4 ,9 my translation1 ,i h foll[$ ! ,greek text1 su* z is cit$ at ! head ( ! ,comm5t>y ( ,hi]ocles1 comm5tat$ on by ! son ( ,casaubon1 & int]pret$ into ,lat9 by ,j4 ,curt]ius2 ,london edition1 #afgc4 ,?is "w1 l all ^? :i* rema9 to u ( ! anci5ts1 has be5 ! subject ( a great _m critical & grammatical discussions3 9 ! fir/ place "o mu/ be=e ev]y?+ else be assur$ ( ! mat]ial "p4 ,?is "p is today z au!ntic & z correct z x is possible to be1 & al?\gh !re exi/s /ill1 sev]al diff]5t read+s1 !y are ( too little importance = me to dwell ^u4 ,x is n my affair & besides1 *acun doit faire son mti]4 ,t ( ! gramm>ian has end$ :]e x ought to end4 ,= h[ c man ev] expect to advance if he nev] is will+ to try "s new ?+ :i* is (f]$4 ,i %all n !re=e make any criticiz+ rem>ks conc]n+ ! text1 = ,i consid] ?is text suffici5tly exam9$2 nei!r w ,i make any notes conc]n+ ! ,comm5t>ies1 prop]ly s-call$1 on ^! sev5ty-"o l9es1 = ,i ?9k x is suffici5t hav+ ^? ( ,hi]ocles1 ( ,vitus ,am]ba*ius1 ,!odore ,m>cilius1 ,h5ri ,brem1 ,mi*el ,ne&]1 ,jean ,/raselius1 ,guilhaume ,diezius1 ,magnus-,daniel ,omeis1 ,&r ,daci]1 etc4 ,z ,i /at$1 ,i %all make exam9ations r ?an comm5t>ies1 & ,i w give1 reg>d+ ! inn] mean+ ( ! ,v]ses1 all ! explanations t ,i believe useful = _! complete developm5t4 ,,prep>ation #b4 ,r5d] to ! ,immortal ,gods ! consecrat$ cult2 ,gu>d !n ?y fai?3 ,py?agoras1 ( :om a mod]n savant1 o!rwise mo/ e/imable1 has r ?r\ghtlessly reproa*$ ) be+ a fanatical & sup]/iti\s man1#bci beg9s 8 tea*+1 nev]!less1 by lay+ d[n a pr9ciple ( univ]sal tol]ance4 ,he comm&s 8 disciples to foll[ ! cult e/abli%$ by ! laws1 :atev] ?is cult may be1 & to adore ! gods ( _! c\ntry1 :at ev] ^! gods may be2 enjo9+ !m only1 to gu>d aft]w>ds _! fai?t is1 to rema9 inw>dly fai?ful to 8 doctr9e1 & nev] to divulge ! my/]ies4 ,lysis1 9 writ+ ^! op5+ l9es1 adroitly conceals h]e9 a d\ble mean+4 ,by ! fir/ he comm5d$1 z ,i h said1 tol]ance & res]ve = ! ,py?agorean1 &1 foll[+ ! example ( ! ,egyptian prie/s1 e/abli%$ two doctr9es1 ! "o app>5t & vulg>1 con=mable to ! law2 ! o!r my/]i\s & secret1 analog\s to ! fai?2 by ! second mean+1 he reassures ! suspici\s p ( ,greece1 :o1 accord+ to ! sl&]s :i* 7 9 circulation might h fe>$ t ! new sect w\ld attack ! sanctity ( _! gods4 ,?is tol]ance on ! "o h&1 & ?is res]ve on ! o!r1 7 no m ?an :at !y w\ld be today4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 exclusive & sev]e1 has *ang$ all our ideas 9 ?is respect3 by admitt+ only "o sole doctr9e 9 "o unique *ur*1 ?is religion has necess>ily confus$ tol]ance ) indiff]5ce or coldness1 & res]ve ) h]esy or hypocrisy2 b 9 ! _s ( poly!ism ^! same ?+s take on ano!r col\r4 ,a ,*ri/ian philosoph] c\ld n1 )\t p]jur+ himself & committ+ a frightful impiety1 b5d ! knee 9 ,*9a be=e ,kong-,tse1 nor (f] inc5se to ,*ang-,ty nor to ,ti52 he c\ld nei!r r5d]1 9 ,india1 homage to ,kri%na1 nor pres5t himself at ,b5>es z a wor%ipp] ( ,vi%nu2 he c\ld n ev51 al?\gh recogniz+ ! same ,god z ! ,jews & ,mussulmans1 take "p 9 _! c]emonies1 or :at is /ill m1 wor%ip ?is ,god ) ! ,arians1 ! ,lu!rans1 or ,calv9i/s1 if he 7 a ,ca?olic4 ,?is belongs to ! v ess5ce ( 8 cult4 ,a ,py?agorean philosoph] did n recognize 9 ! lea/ ^! =midable b>ri]s1 :i* hem 9 ! nations1 z x 71 isolate !m1 & make !m worse ?an enemies4 ,! gods ( ! p 7 9 8 eyes ! same gods1 & 8 cosmopolitan dogmas condemn$ no "o to et]nal damnation4 ,f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r he c\ld cause inc5se to rise f ! alt> ( ! ,div9ity1 "u :atev] "n1 "u :atev] =m x might be wor%ipp$1 & r5d] to x ! public cult e/abli%$ by ! law4 ,& ?is is ! reason4 ,poly!ism 0 n 9 _! op9ion :at x has become 9 ours1 an impi\s & gross idolatry1 a cult inspir$ by ! inf]nal adv]s>y to s$uce m5 & to claim = itself ! hon\rs :i* are due only to ! ,div9ity2 x 0 a p>ticul>ization ( ! ,univ]sal ,be+1 a p]sonification ( its attributes & its faculties4 ,be=e ,moses1 none ( ! !ocratic legislators _h ?\ght x well to pres5t = ! adoration ( ! p1 ! ,supreme ,god1 unique & uncreat$ 9 ,8 unfa?omable univ]sality4 ,! ,indian ,brahmans1 :o c be consid]$ z ! liv+ types ( all ! sages & ( all ! pontiffs ( ! _w1 nev] p]mit !mselves1 ev5 9 ?is day :5 _! great age has effac$ ! traces ( _! anci5t sci5ce1 to utt] ! "n ( ,god1 pr9ciple ( ,all4#bdj ,!y are cont5t to m$itate ^u its ess5ce 9 sil5ce & to (f] sacrifices to its sublime/ emanations4 ,! ,*9ese sages act ! same ) reg>d to ! ,primal ,cause1 t mu/ be nei!r nam$ nor def9$#bda2 ! foll[]s ( ,zoroa/]1 :o believe t ! two univ]sal pr9ciples ( good & evil1 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 emanate f ?is ineffable ,cause1 are cont5t to designate x "u ! "n ( ,et]nity4#bdb ,! ,egyptians1 s celebrat$ = _! wisdom1 ! ext5t ( _! le>n+1 & ! multitude ( _! div9e symbols1 hon\r$ ) sil5ce ! ,god1 pr9ciple & s\rce ( all ?+s#bdc2 !y nev] spoke ( x1 reg>d+ x z inaccessible to all ! rese>*es ( man2 & ,orpheus1 _! disciple1 fir/ au?or ( ! brilliant my?ology ( ! ,greeks1 ,orpheus1 :o seem$ to ann\nce ! s\l ( ! ,_w z creator ( ?is same ,god f :i* x emanat$1 said pla9ly3 8,i nev] see ?is ,be+ surr\nd$ ) a cl\d40#bdd ,moses1 z ,i h said1 0 ! fir/ :o made a public dogma ( ! unity ( ,god1 & :o divulg$ :at1 up to t "t _h be5 buri$ 9 ! seclusion ( ! sanctu>ies2 = ! pr9cipal t5ets ( ! my/]ies1 ^? ^u :i* repos$ all o!rs1 7 ! ,unity ( ,god & ! homog5eity ( ,nature4#bde ,x is true t ,moses1 9 mak+ ?is disclosure1 p]mitt$ no def9ition1 no reflection1 ei!r ^u ! ess5ce or ^u ! nature ( ?is unique ,be+2 ?is is v rem>kable4 ,be=e him1 9 all ! kn[n _w1 & aft] him 7save 9 ,judea :]e m ?an "o cl\d /ill d>k5$ ! idea ( div9e ,unity1 until ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity71 ! ,div9ity 0 consid]$ by ! !osophi/s ( all nations1 "u two relations3 prim>ily z unique1 second>ily z inf9ite2 z unique1 pres]v$ "u ! seal ( sil5ce to ! contemplation & m$itation ( ! sages2 z inf9ite1 deliv]$ to ! v5]ation & invocation ( ! p4 ,n[ ! unity ( ,god resides 9 ,8 ess5ce s t ! vulg> c nev] 9 any way ei!r conceive or und]/&4 ,8 inf9ity consi/s 9 ,8 p]fections1 ,8 faculties1 ,8 attributes1 ( :i* ! vulg> c1 accord+ to ! measure ( _! und]/&+1 grasp "s feeble emanations1 & draw ne>] to ,him by deta*+ !m f ! univ]salityt is1 by p>ticul>iz+ & p]sonify+ !m4 ,?is is ! p>ticul>ization & ! p]sonification :i* con/itutes1 z ,i h said1 poly!ism4 ,! mass ( gods :i* result f x1 is z inf9ite z ! ,div9ity itself :5ce x _h bir?4 ,ea* nation1 ea* p1 ea* city adopts at its lik+1 ^? ( ! div9e faculties :i* are be/ suit$ to its "* & its requirem5ts4 ,^! faculties1 repres5t$ by simulacra1 become s _m p>ticul> gods ^: v>iety ( names augm5ts ! numb] /ill fur!r4 ,no?+ c limit ?is imm5se !ogony1 s9ce ! ,primal ,cause :5ce x emanates has n done s4 ,! vulg>1 lur$ by ! objects :i* /rike ! s5ses1 c become idolatr\s1 & he does ord9>ily2 he c ev5 di/+ui% ^! objects ( 8 adoration1 "o f ano!r1 & believe t !re really exi/ z _m gods z /atues2 b ! sage1 ! philosoph]1 ! mo/ ord9>y man ( lett]s does n fall into ?is error4 ,he kn[s1 ) ,plut>*1 t diff]5t places & names d n make diff]5t gods2 t ! ,greeks & ,b>b>ians1 ! nations ( ! ,nor? & ^? ( ! ,s\?1 adore ! same ,div9ity#bdf he re/ores easily t inf9ity ( attributes to ! unity ( ! ess5ce1 & z ! hon\r$ remnants ( ! anci5t ,sramanas1 ! prie/s ( ! ,burmans1 /ill d today1 he wor%ips ,god1 :atev] may be ! alt>1 ! temple1 & ! place :]e he f9ds himself4#bdg ,?is is :at 0 done by ! disciples ( ,py?agoras1 accord+ to ! comm&m5t ( _! ma/]2 !y saw 9 ! gods ( ! nations1 ! attributes ( ! ,ineffable ,be+ :i* 7 =bidd5 !m to "n2 !y augm5t$ o/5sibly & )\t ! slighte/ reluctance1 ! numb] ( ^! attributes ( :i* !y recogniz$ ! ,inf9ite ,cause2 !y gave homage to ! cult consecrat$ by ! law & br\ght !m all back secretly to ! ,unity :i* 0 ! object ( _! fai?4 #c4 ''' ,rev]e ! memory ,( ! ,illu/ri\s ,h]oes1 ( ,spirits demi-,gods4''' ,py?agoras consid]$ ! ,univ]se z an animat$ ,all1 ^: memb]s 7 ! div9e ,intellig5ces1 ea* rank$ accord+ to its p]fections1 9 its prop] sph]e4#bdh ,he x 0 :o fir/ designat$ ?is ,all1 by ! ,greek ^w ,kosmos1 9 ord] to express ! beauty1 ord]1 & regul>ity :i* reign$ !re#bdi2 ! ,lat9s translat$ ?is ^w by ,mundus1 f :i* has come ! ,fr5* ^w monde4 ,x is f ,unity consid]$ z pr9ciple ( ! _w1 t ! "n ,univ]se :i* we give to x is d]iv$4 ,py?agoras e/abli%es ,unity z ! pr9ciple ( all ?+s & said t f ?is ,unity sprang an inf9ite ,duality4#bej ,! ess5ce ( ?is ,unity1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,duality t emanat$ f x 0 f9ally br\ght back aga91 7 ! mo/ pr(\nd my/]ies ( 8 doctr9e2 ! subject sacr$ to ! fai? ( 8 disciples & ! fundam5tal po9ts :i* 7 =bidd5 !m to reveal4 ,_! explanation 0 nev] made 9 writ+2 ^? :o appe>$ wor?y ( le>n+ !m 7 cont5t to be taught !m by ^w ( m\?4#bea ,:5 "o 0 =c$1 by ! concat5ation ( ideas1 to m5tion !m 9 ! books ( ! sect1 symbols & ciph]s 7 us$1 & ! language ( ,numb]s employ$2 & ^! books1 all obscure z !y 71 7 /ill conceal$ ) ! greate/ c>e2 by all mann] ( means !y 7 gu>d$ aga9/ fall+ into pr(ane h&s4#beb ,i _c ent] into ! discussion ( ! fam\s symbol ( ,py?agoras1 "o & two1 )\t exce$+ v mu* ! limits t ,i h set d[n 9 ^! exam9ations#bec2 let x suffice = me to say1 t z he designat$ ,god by #a1 & ,matt] by #b1 he express$ ! ,univ]se by ! numb] #ab1 :i* results 9 ! union ( ! o!r two4 ,?is numb] is =m$ by ! multiplication ( #c by #d3 t is to say1 t ?is philosoph] conceiv$ ! ,univ]sal _w z compos$ ( ?ree p>ticul> worlds1 :i*1 be+ l9k$ "o ) ! o!r by means ( ! f\r elem5t>y modifications1 7 develop$ 9 twelve conc5tric sph]es4#bed ,! ineffable ,be+ :i* fill$ ^! twelve sph]es )\t be+ und]/ood by any "o1 0 ,god4 ,py?agoras gave to ,x1 tru? = s\l & light = body4#bee ,! ,intellig5ce :i* peopl$ ! ?ree worlds 71 fir/ly1 ! immortal gods prop]ly s-call$2 secondly1 ! glorifi$ h]oes2 ?irdly1 ! t]re/ial demons4 ,! immortal gods1 direct emanations ( ! uncreat$ ,be+ & manife/ation ( ,its inf9ite faculties1 7 ?us nam$ because !y c\ld n dep>t f ! div9e lifet is1 !y c\ld nev] fall away f _! ,fa!r into oblivion1 w&]+ 9 ! d>kness ( ignorance & ( impiety2 :]eas ! s\ls ( m51 :i* produc$1 accord+ to _! degree ( purity1 glorifi$ h]oes & t]re/rial demons1 7 able to dep>t sometimes f ! div9e life by volunt>y draw+ away f ,god2 because ! dea? ( ! intellectual ess5ce1 accord+ to ,py?agoras & imitat$ 9 ?is by ,plato1 0 only ignorance & impiety4#bef ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t 9 my translation ,i h n r5d]$ ! ,greek ^w by ! ^w demons1 b by t ( spirits1 on acc\nt ( ! evil mean+ t ,*ri/ianity has atta*$ to x1 z ,i expla9$ 9 a prec$+ note4#beg ,?is application ( ! numb] #ab to ! ,univ]se is n at all an arbitr>y inv5tion ( ,py?agoras2 x 0 common to ! ,*aldeans1 to ! ,egyptians f :om he _h receiv$ x1 & to ! pr9cipal peoples ( ! e>?#beh3 x gave rise to ! in/itution ( ! zodiac1 ^: division into twelve a/]isms has be5 f\nd ev]y:]e exi/5t f "t immemorial4#bei ,! di/9ction ( ! ?ree worlds & _! developm5t into a numb]1 m or less great1 ( conc5tric sph]es inhabit$ by intellig5ces ( diff]5t degrees ( purity1 7 also kn[n be=e ,py?agoras1 :o 9 ?is only spread ! doctr9e :i* he _h receiv$ at ,tyre1 at ,memphis1 & at ,babylon4#bfj ,?is doctr9e 0 t ( ! ,indians4 ,"o f9ds /ill today among ! ,burmans1 ! division ( all ! creat$ be+s e/abli%$ 9 ?ree classes1 ea* ( :i* conta9s a c]ta9 numb] ( species1 f ! mat]ial be+s to ! spiritual1 f ! s5ti5t to ! intelligible4#bfa ,! ,brahmans1 :o c\nt fifte5 sph]es 9 ! univ]se1#bfb appe> to unite ! ?ree primordial worlds ) ! twelve conc5tric sph]es :i* result f _! developm5t4 ,zoroa/]1 :o admitt$ ! dogma ( ! ?ree worlds1 limit$ ! inf]ior _w to ! vortex ( ! moon4 ,!re1 accord+ to him1 ! empire ( evil & ( matt] comes to an end4#bfc ,?is idea ?us conceiv$ has be5 g5]al2 x 0 t ( all ! anci5t philosoph]s#bfd2 & :at is v rem>kable1 is t x has be5 adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ian !osophi/s :o c]ta9ly 7 n suffici5tly le>n$ to act ?r\gh imitation4#bfe ,! foll[]s ( ,basil1 ^? ( ,val5t9e1 & all ! gno/ics h imbib$ f ?is s\rce ! sy/em ( emanations :i* has enjoy$ su* a great r5[n 9 ! s*ool ( ,alex&ria4 ,accord+ to ?is sy/em1 ! ,absolute ,unity1 or ,god1 0 conceiv$ z ! spiritual ,s\l ( ! ,univ]se1 ! ,pr9ciple ( exi/5ce1 ! ,light ( lights2 x 0 believ$ t ?is creative ,unity1 inaccessible to ! und]/&+ ev51 produc$ by emanation a diffusion ( light :i*1 proce$+ f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce1 los+ ins5sibly its spl5d\r & its purity 9 proportion z x rec$$ f its s\rce1 end$ by be+ absorb$ 9 ! conf9es ( d>kness2 s t its div]g5t rays1 becom+ less & less spiritual &1 moreov]1 repuls$ by ! d>kness1 7 cond5s$ 9 comm+l+ ) x1 &1 tak+ a mat]ial %ape1 =m$ all ! k9ds ( be+s t ! _w conta9s4 ,?us 0 admitt$1 betwe5 ! ,supreme ,be+ & man1 an incalculable *a9 ( int]m$i>y be+s ^: p]fections decreas$ proportionably ) _! ali5ation f ! ,creative ,pr9ciple4 ,all ! philosoph]s & all ! sect>ians :o admir$ ?is spiritual hi]>*y consid]$1 "u ! relations peculi> to !m1 ! diff]5t be+s ( :i* x 0 compos$4 ,! ,p]sian magians :o saw !re g5ii1 m or less p]fect1 gave !m names relative to _! p]fections1 & lat] made use ( ^! same names to evoke !m3 f ?is came ! ,p]sian magic1 :i* ! ,jews1 hav+ receiv$ by tradition dur+ _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 call$ ,kabbala4#bff ,?is magic became mix$ ) a/rology among ! ,*aldeans1 :o reg>d$ ! />s z animat$ be+s belong+ to ! univ]sal *a9 ( div9e emanations2 9 ,egypt1 x became l9k$ ) ! my/]ies ( ,nature1 & 0 enclos$ 9 ! sanctu>ies1 :]e x 0 taught by ! prie/s "u ! safegu>d ( symbols & hi]oglyphics4 ,py?agoras1 9 conceiv+ ?is spiritual hi]>*y z a geometrical progression1 consid]$ ! be+s :i* compose x "u h>moni\s relations1 & bas$1 by analogy1 ! laws ( ! univ]se ^u ^? ( music4 ,he call$ ! movem5t ( ! cele/ial sph]es1 h>mony1 & made use ( numb]s to express ! faculties ( diff]5t be+s1 _! relations & _! influ5ces4 ,hi]ocles m5tions a sacr$ book attribut$ to ?is philosoph]1 9 :i* he call$ ! div9ity1 ! ,numb] ( numb]s4#bfg ,plato1 :o1 "s c5turies lat]1 reg>d$ ^! same be+s z ideas & types1 s\ght to p5etrate _! nature & to subjugate !m by dialectics & ! =ce ( ?\ght4 ,synesius1 :o unit$ ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras to t ( ,plato1 sometimes call$ ,god1 ! ,numb] ( numb]s1 & sometimes ! ,idea ( ideas4#bfh ,! gno/ics gave to ! int]m$i>y be+s ! "n ( ,eons4#bfi ,?is "n1 :i* signifies1 9 ,egyptian1 a pr9ciple ( ! w1 be+ develop$ by an inh]5t1 pla/ic faculty1 is appli$ 9 ,greek to a t]m ( inf9ite duration4#bgj ,"o f9ds 9 ,h]mes ,trismegi/us ! orig9 ( ?is *ange ( mean+4 ,?is anci5t sage rem>ks t ! two faculties1 ! two virtues ( ,god1 are ! und]/&+ & ! s\l1 & t ! two virtues ( ! ,eon are p]petuity & immortality4 ,! ess5ce ( ,god1 he said aga91 is ! good & ! beautiful1 beatitude & wisdom2 ! ess5ce ( ,eon1 is be+ always ! same4#bga ,b1 n cont5t ) assimilat+ be+s ( ! cele/ial hi]>*y to ideas1 to numb]s1 or to ! pla/ic pr9ciple ( ! w1 !re 7 philosoph]s :o pref]r$ to designate !m by ! "n ( ,words4 ,plut>* said on "o occasion t words1 ideas1 & div9e emanations reside 9 heav5 & 9 ! />s4#bgb ,philo gives 9 m ?an "o in/ance ! "n ( ^w to angels2 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria relates t ! ,val5t9ians (t5 call$ _! ,eons ?us4#bgc ,accord+ to ,beausobre1 ! philosoph]s & !ologians1 seek+ = t]ms 9 :i* to express incorporal sub/ances1 designat$ !m by "s "o ( _! attributes or by "s "o ( _! op]ations1 nam+ !m ,spirits1 on acc\nt ( ! subtlety ( _! sub/ance2 ,intellig5ces1 on acc\nt ( ! ?\ght2 ,words1 on acc\nt ( ! reason2 ,angels1 on acc\nt ( _! s]vices2 ,eons1 on acc\nt ( _! mann] ( subsi/+1 always equal1 )\t *ange & )\t alt]ation4#bgd ,py?agoras call$ !m ,gods1 ,h]oes1 ,demons1#bge relative to _! respective elevation & ! h>moni\s position ( ! ?ree worlds :i* !y inhabit4 ,?is cosmogonic t]n>y jo9$ ) ,creative ,unity1 con/itutes ! fam\s ,quat]n>y1 or ,sacr$ ,tetrad1 ! subject ( :i* w be tak5 up fur!r on4 ,,purification #d4 ,be a good son1 j bro!r1 sp\se t5d]1 & good fa!r4 ,! aim ( ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras 0 to enlight5 m51 to purify !m ( _! vices1 to deliv] !m f _! errors1 & to re/ore !m to virtue & to tru?2 & aft] hav+ caus$ !m to pass ?r\gh all ! degrees ( ! und]/&+ & intellig5ce1 to r5d] !m l unto ! immortal gods4 ,?is philosoph] _h = ?is purpose divid$ 8 doctr9e into two p>ts3 ! purgative "p & ! unitive "p4 ,?r\gh ! fir/1 man became purifi$ ( 8 uncleanness1 em]g$ f ! d>kness ( ignorance1 & atta9$ to virtue3 ?r\gh ! second1 he us$ 8 acquir$ virtue to become unit$ to ! ,div9ity ?r\gh ^: means he arriv$ at p]fection4 ,^! two p>ts are f\nd q di/9ct 9 ! ,gold5 ,v]ses4 ,hi]ocles1 :o has cle>ly grasp$ !m1 speaks ( x 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 ,comm5t>ies & designates !m by two words :i* conta91 he said1 all ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras1 ,purification & ,p]fection4#bgf ,! ,magians & ! ,*aldeans1 all ( ^: pr9ciples ,py?agoras _h adopt$1 7 agre$ on ?is po9t1 & 9 ord] to express _! idea1 made use ( a p>abolical phrase v celebrat$ among !m4 8,we consume10 !y said1 8! refuse ( matt] by ! fire ( div9e love40#bgg ,an anonym\s au?or :o has writt5 an hi/ory ( ,py?agoras1 pres]v$ by ,photius1 said t ! disciples ( ?is great man taught t "o p]fects oneself 9 ?ree ways3 9 commun+ ) ! gods1 9 do+ good 9 imitation ( ! gods1 & 9 dep>t+ f ?is life to rejo9 ! gods4#bgh ,! fir/ ( ^! ways is conta9$ 9 ! fir/ ?ree l9es ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses :i* conc]n ! cult r5d]$1 accord+ to ! law & accord+ to ! fai?1 to ! ,gods1 to ! glorifi$ ,h]oes1 & to ! ,spirits4 ,! second1 t is1 ! ,purification1 beg9s at ! f\r? l9e :i* makes ! subject ( ?is ,exam9ation4 ,! ?ird1 t is1 ! union ) ! ,div9ity1 or ,p]fection1 beg9s at ! =tie? l9e ( my translation3 ,let n sleep e'er close ?y tir$ eyes4 ,?us ! division t ,i h believ$ ought to be made ( ?is %ort poem is n at all arbitr>y1 z "o sees ! judici\s ,bayle _h rem>k$ x be=e me4#bgi ,x is wor?y ( obs]vation1 t ,py?agoras beg9s ! purgative "p ( 8 doctr9e by comm5d+ ! obs]vance ( natural duties1 & t he places 9 ! rank ( prim>y virtues1 filial piety1 pat]nal & conjugal love4 ,?us ?is admirable philosoph] made x 8 fir/ c>e to /r5g!n ! ties ( blood & make !m *]i%$ & sacr$2 he exhorts respect to *ildr51 t5d]ness to p>5ts1 & union to all ! memb]s ( ! family2 he foll[s ?us ! pr(\nd s5tim5t :i* ,nature inspires 9 all s5ti5t be+s1 v diff]5t 9 ?is f c]ta9 legislators1 bl9d$ by false politics1 :o1 9 ord] to conduct m5 to ,i "k n :at p[] & :at imag9>y welf>e1 h wi%$1 on ! contr>y1 to break ^? ties1 annihilate ^? relation%ips ( fa!r1 son1 & bro!r1 to conc5trate1 !y said1 ^u a be+ ( reason call$ ,c\ntry ! affection t ! s\l divides among ^? objects ( its fir/ love4#bhj ,if ! legislators _h c>$ to reflect a mom5t1 !y w\ld h se5 t !re exi/$ no c\ntry = ! "o :o _h no fa!r1 & t ! respect & love t a man 9 8 virile age feels = ! place ( 8 bir?1 holds its pr9ciple & receives its =ce f ^? same s5tim5ts t he felt 9 8 infancy = 8 "m4 ,e effect proclaims a cause2 e edifice re/s ^u a f\ndation3 ! real cause ( love ( c\ntry is mat]nal love2 ! sole f\ndations ( ! social edifice are pat]nal p[] & filial respect4 ,f ?is sole p[] issues t ( ! pr9ce1 :o1 9 e well-organiz$ /ate1 be+ consid]$ z fa!r ( ! p1 has "r to ! ob$i5ce & respect ( 8 *ildr54 ,i am go+ to make "h a s+ul> comp>ison :i* ,i beg ! read] to obs]ve4 ,moses1 in/ruct$ 9 ! same s*ool z ,py?agoras1 aft] hav+ ann\nc$ ! ,unity ( ,god 9 ! fam\s ,decalogue :i* conta9s ! summ>y ( 8 law1 & hav+ comm&$ its adoration to 8 p1 ann\nces = ! fir/ virtue1 filial piety#bha2 8,hon\r10 he said1 8?y fa!r & ?y "m1 t ?y days may be multipli$ 9 ?is c\ntry ( ,adam1 t ,jhah1 ?y ,gods1 has giv5 !e40#bhb ,! !ocratic legislator ( ! ,hebrews 9 mak+ ?is comm&m5t places recomp5se by ! side ( precept3 he decl>es =mally t ! ex]cise ( filial piety draws ) x a long exi/5ce4 ,n[1 x mu/ be rem>k$ t ,moses be+ cont5t ) enclos+ 9 8 doctr9e ! sole purgative "p1 d\btless judg+ 8 p n 9 a condition to support ! unitive "p1 spoke to !m n[h]e ( ! immortality :i* is its consequ5ce2 cont5t+ himself ) promis+ ! joys ( temporal bless+s1 among :i* he c>efully plac$ 9 ! fir/ rank a long life4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$1 relative to p 9 g5]al1 t ,moses spoke ) a pr(\nd und]/&+ ( ! causes :i* prolong ! duration ( empires4 ,filial piety is ! national virtue ( ! ,*9ese1 ! sacr$ f\ndation ^u :i* reposes ! social edifice ( ! greate/ & ! mo/ anci5t p ( ! _w4#bhc ,?is virtue has be5 to ,*9a1 = m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s1 :at love ( c\ntry 0 to ,sp>ta or to ,rome4 ,sp>ta & ,rome h fall5 not)/&+ ! sort ( fanaticism ) :i* _! *ildr5 7 animat$1 & ! ,*9ese ,empire :i* exi/$ two ?\s& ye>s be=e _! f\ndation1 /ill exi/s two ?\s& ye>s aft] _! d[nfall4 ,if ,*9a has be5 able to pres]ve h]self 9 ! mid/ ( ! flux & reflux ( a ?\s& revolutions1 to save h]self f h] own wrecks1 to triumph ov] h] own defects1 & to subjugate ev5 h] conqu]ors1 %e owes x to ?is virtue :i*1 rais+ itself f ! humble/ citiz5 to ! ,son ( heav5 seat$ ^u ! imp]ial ?rone1 animates all ! he>ts ) a sacr$ fire1 ( :i* ,nature h]self provides ! n\ri%m5t & et]nalizes ! duration4 ,! ,emp]or is ! fa!r ( ! /ate2 two hundr$ million m51 :o reg>d !mselves z 8 *ildr51 compose 8 imm5se family2 :at human ef=t c\ld ov]?r[ ?is colossus8#bhd #e4 ,*oose = ?y fri5d1 ! fri5d ( virtue2 ,yield to 8 g5tle c\nsels1 pr(it by 8 life1 ,& = a trifl+ grievance nev] leave him2 ,aft] ! duties :i* h _! s\rce directly 9 ,nature1 ,py?agoras comm5ds to 8 disciples ^? :i* proce$ f ! social /ate2 fri5d%ip foll[s imm$iately filial piety1 pat]nal & frat]nal love2 b ?is philosoph] makes a di/9ction full ( mean+3 he orda9s to hon\r "o's relations2 he says to *oose "o's fri5ds4 ,?is is :y3 x is ,nature t presides at our bir?1 t gives u a fa!r1 a "m1 bro!rs1 si/]s1 relations ( k9%ip1 a position ^u ! e>?1 & a place 9 society2 all ?is dep5ds n ^u u3 all ?is1 accord+ to ! vulg>1 is ! "w ( haz>d2 b accord+ to ! ,py?agorean philosoph] ^! are ! consequ5ces ( an ant]ior ord]1 sev]e & irresi/ible1 call$ ,=tune or ,necessity4 ,py?agoras oppos$ to ?is re/ra9$ nature1 a free ,nature1 :i*1 act+ ^u =c$ ?+s z ^u brute matt]1 modifies !m & draws z x wills1 good or bad results4 ,?is second nature 0 call$ ,p[] or ,w3 x is ?is :i* rules ! life ( man1 & :i* directs 8 conduct accord+ to ! elem5ts furni%$ him by ! fir/4 ,necessity & ,p[] are1 accord+ to ,py?agoras1 ! two oppos$ motives ( ! sublun>y _w :]e man is relegat$4 ,^! two motives draw _! =ce f a sup]ior cause t ! anci5ts nam$ ,nemesis1 ! fundam5tal decree1#bhe t we "n ,provid5ce4 ,?us !n1 ,py?agoras recogniz$1 relative to man1 ?+s con/ra9$ & ?+s free1 accord+ z !y dep5d ^u ,necessity or ! ,w3 he rank$ filial piety 9 ! fir/ & fri5d%ip 9 ! second4 ,man n be+ free to give himself p>5ts ( 8 *oice1 mu/ hon\r !m su* z !y are1 & fulfil 9 reg>d to !m all ! duties ( nature1 :atev] wrong !y might d t[>ds him2 b z no?+ con/ra9s him f giv+ 8 fri5d%ip1 he ne$ give x only to ! "o :o %[s himself wor?y ( x by 8 atta*m5t to virtue4 ,let u obs]ve an important po9t4 ,9 ,*9a :]e filial piety is reg>d$ z ! root ( all virtues & ! fir/ s\rce ( in/ruction1#bhf ! ex]cise ( ! duties :i* x imposes admits ( no exception4 ,z ! legislator tea*es !re t ! greate/ crime is to lack 9 filial piety1 he inf]s t he :o has be5 a good son w be a good fa!r & t ?us no?+ w break ! social tie#bhg2 = he fir/ e/abli%es ?is virtue :i* embraces all1 f ! emp]or to ! l[lie/ ( 8 subjects1 & t x is = ! peoples :at ! regul>ity ( ! cele/ial movem5ts is = ! e!real space3 b 9 ,italy & 9 ,greece :]e ,py?agoras e/abli%$ 8 dogmas1 x w\ld h be5 dang]\s = him to give ! same ext5sion1 s9ce ?is virtue n be+ t ( ! ,/ate1 w\ld necess>ily involve abuses 9 ! pat]nal au?ority1 already excessive among c]ta9 peoples4 ,t is ! reason ! disciples ( ?is philosoph]1 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 =c$ & volunt>y actions1 judg$ wisely t x w\ld be necess>y to apply "h ! di/9ction3 !re=e !y urg$ to hon\r "o's fa!r & "m & to obey !m 9 all t conc]ns ! body & mundane ?+s1 b )\t ab&on+ "o's s\l to !m#bhh2 = ! div9e law decl>es free :at has n be5 receiv$ f !m & deliv]s x f _! p[]4 ,py?agoras fur!rmore _h fav\r$ ?is op9ion by say+1 t aft] hav+ *os5 a fri5d f among ! m5 mo/ comm5d$ = _! virtues1 x 0 necess>y to le>n by 8 actions & to be guid$ by 8 disc\rse3 :i* te/ifi$ to ! l(ty idea t he _h ( fri5d%ip4 8,fri5ds10 he said1 8are l companions ( travel :o reciprocally assi/ ea* o!r to p]sev]e 9 ! pa? ( ! noble/ life4#bhi0 ,x is to him t we owe t beautiful expression1 s (t5 quot$1 s little felt by ! g5]ality ( m51 & :i* a victori\s k+1 ,alex&] ! ,great1 felt s ke5ly & express$ s felicit\sly by ! foll[+3 8,my fri5d is ano!r myself40#bij ,x is also f him t ,ari/otle _h borr[$ t beautiful def9ition3 8,! real fri5d is "o s\l t lives 9 two bodies40#bia ,! f\nd] ( ! ,lyceum1 9 giv+ su* a def9ition ( fri5d%ip1 spoke r by !ory ?an by practice1 he :o reason+ "o day ^u fri5d%ip1 cri$ +5u\sly3 8,oh1 my fri5ds6 !re are no fri5ds40#bib ,yet ,py?agoras did n conceive fri5d%ip z a simple individual affection1 b z an univ]sal b5evol5ce :i* %\ld be ext5d$ to all m5 9 g5]al1 & to all good p4#bic ,at t "t he gave to ?is virtue ! "n ( philan?ropy4 ,x is ! virtue :i*1 "u ! "n ( *>ity1 s]ves z f\ndation = ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,jesus (f]s x to 8 disciples imm$iately aft] div9e love1 & z equal to piety4#bid ,zoroa/] places x aft] s9c]ity#bie2 he wi%$ t man might be pure 9 ?\ght1 spee*1 & action2 t he might speak ! tru?1 & t he might d good to all m54 ,kong-,tse z well z ,py?agoras comm5d$ x aft] filial piety4#bif 8,all morals10 he said1 8c be r$uc$ to ! obs]vation ( ?ree fundam5tal laws1 ( ! relations betwe5 sov]eigns & subjects1 betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr51 betwe5 husb&s & wives2 & to ! /rict practice ( ! five capital virtues1 ( :i* ! fir/ is humanity1 t is to say1 t univ]sal *>ity1 t expansion ( ! s\l :i* b9ds man to man )\t di/9ction40 #f4 ,if ?\ can/ at lea/3 = a mo/ rigid law ,b9ds ,p[] to ,necessity4 ,"h is ! pro( ( :at ,i said j n[1 t ,py?agoras recogniz$ two motives ( human actions1 ! fir/1 issu+ f a con/ra9$ nature1 call$ ,necessity2 ! second emanat+ f a free nature1 call$ ,p[]1 & bo? dep5d5t ^u an impli$ primordial law4 ,?is doctr9e 0 t ( ! anci5t ,egyptians1 among :om ,py?agoras _h imbib$ x4 8,man is mortal ) ref]5ce to ! body10 !y said1 8b he is immortal ) ref]5ce to ! s\l :i* con/itutes ess5tial man4 ,z immortal he has au?ority ov] all ?+s2 b relative to ! mat]ial & mortal "p ( himself1 he is subject to de/9y40#big ,"o c see by ^! few words t ! anci5t sages did n give to ,de/9y ! univ]sal influ5ce t c]ta9 philosoph]s & p>ticul>ly ! ,/oics gave to x lat] on2 b !y consid]$ x only z ex]cis+ its empire ov] matt]4 ,x is necess>y to believe t s9ce ! foll[]s ( ! ,por* _h def9$ x z a *a9 ( causes1 by virtue ( :i* ! pa/ has tak5 place1 ! pres5t exi/s1 & ! future is to be realiz$#bih2 or /ill bett]1 z ! rule ( ! law by :i* ! ,univ]se is gov]n$#bii2 "o mu/ believe1 ,i say1 t ^! philosoph]s conf\nd$ ,de/9y ) ,provid5ce1 & did n di/+ui% ! effect f its cause1 s9ce ^! def9itions con=m only ) ! fundam5tal law ( :i* de/9y is b an emanation4 ,?is confusion ( words _h to produce & 9 fact did produce1 among ! ,/oics1 an inv]sion ( ideas :i* 0 ! mo/ un=tunate result#cjj2 =1 z !y e/abli%$1 accord+ to _! sy/em1 a *a9 ( good & evil t no?+ c\ld ei!r alt] or break1 "o easily inf]r$ t ! ,univ]se be+ subject to ! attraction ( a bl9d fatality1 all actions are "h necess>ily det]m9$ 9 advance1 =c$1 & !reaft] indiff]5t 9 !mselves2 s t good & evil1 virtue & vice1 are va9 words1 ?+s ^: exi/5ce is purely ideal & relative4 ,! ,/oics w\ld h evad$ ^! calamit\s results if1 l ,py?agoras1 !y _h admitt$ ! two motives ( :i* ,i h spok51 ,necessity & ,p[]2 & if1 f> f in/itut+ ,necessity alone z absolute ma/] ( ! ,univ]se1 "u ! "n ( ,de/9y or ,fatality1 !y _h se5 x balanc$ by ! ,p[] ( ! ,w1 & subject to ! ,provid5tial ,cause :5ce all emanates4 ,! disciples ( ,plato w\ld also h evad$ _m errors1 if !y _h cle>ly und]/ood ?is concat5ation ( ! two oppos$ pr9ciples1 f :i* results univ]sal equilibrium2 b foll[+ c]ta9 false int]pretations ( ! doctr9e ( _! ma/] reg>d+ ! s\l ( matt]1 !y _h imag9$ t ?is s\l 0 no o!r ?an ,necessity by :i* x is rul$#cja2 s t1 accord+ to !m1 ?is s\l be+ inh]5t 9 matt]1 & bad 9 itself1 gave to ,evil a necess>y exi/5ce3 a dogma q =midable1 s9ce x makes ! _w to be consid]$ z ! !atre ( a /ruggle )\t beg9n+ or end1 betwe5 ,provid5ce1 pr9ciple ( ,good1 & ! s\l ( matt]1 pr9ciple ( ,evil4 ,! greate/ mi/ake ( ! ,platoni/s1 exactly contr>y to t ( ! ,/oics1 0 9 hav+ confus$ ! free p[] ( ! ,w ) ! div9e ,provid5ce1 9 hav+ in/itut$ x = ! pr9ciple ( good & ?us be+ put 9 position ( ma9ta9+ t !re are two s\ls 9 ! _w1 a b5efic5t "o1 ,god1 & a malefic "o1 ,matt]4 ,?is sy/em1 approv$ ( by _m celebrat$ m5 ( antiquity & :i* ,beausobre assures 0 ! mo/ widely receiv$1#cjb (f]s1 z ,i h obs]v$1 ! v great disadvantage ( giv+ to ,evil a necess>y exi/5ce1 t is to say1 an indep5d5t & et]nal exi/5ce4 ,n[1 ,bayle has v well prov$1 by attack+ ?is sy/em ?r\gh t ( ,manes1 t two oppos$ ,pr9ciples _c exi/ equally et]nal & indep5d5t ( "o ano!r1 because ! cle>e/ ideas ( ord] tea* u t a ,be+ :i* exi/s by itself1 :i* is necess>y1 :i* is et]nal1 mu/ be unique1 inf9ite1 all-p[]ful1 & end[$ ) all mann] ( p]fections4#cjc ,b x is n at all c]ta9 t ,plato may h _h ! idea t 8 disciples h attribut$ to him1 s9ce f> f consid]+ matt] z an indep5d5t & necess>y be+1 animat$ by a s\l ess5tially bad1 he seems ev5 to d\bt its exi/5ce1 go+ s f> z to reg>d x z pure no?+ness1 & calls ! bodies :i* are =m$ ( x1 equivocal be+s hold+ ! m$ium betwe5 :at is always exi/+ & :at does n exi/ at all#cjd2 he affirms sometimes t matt] has be5 creat$ & sometimes t x has n be5#cje2 & ?us falls into contradictions ( :i* 8 enemies h tak5 advantage4 ,plut>*1 :o has cle>ly se5 x1 excuses !m by say+ t ?is great philosoph] has fall5 into ^! contradictions design$ly1 9 ord] to conceal "s my/]y2 a m9d con/ruct$ l 8 n be+ made to affirm two opposites 9 ! same s5se4#cjf ,! my/]y t ,plato wi%$ to conceal1 z he makes x suffici5tly und]/ood1#cjg 0 ! orig9 ( ,evil4 ,he himself decl>es t he has nev] reveal$ & t he nev] w reveal1 9 writ+1 8 real s5tim5ts 9 ?is respect4 ,?us :at ,*alcidius & aft] him ,&r ,daci] h giv5 conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ,plato are only conjectures or v remote inf]5ces drawn f c]ta9 ( 8 dogmas4 ,"o has (t5 made use ( ?is means1 ) reg>d to celebrat$ m5 ^: writ+s "o comm5ts ^u & p>ticul>ly :5 "o has c]ta9 reasons = pres5t+ "o's ideas s\s un ct :i* outl9es or :i* fav\rs an op9ion ei!r fav\rable or unfav\rable4 ,x is ?is :i* happ5$ m to ,manes ?an to any o!r2 8 doctr9e conc]n+ ! two ,pr9ciples has be5 greatly calumniat$1 & )\t kn[+ j :at he meant by !m1 "o ha/5$ to condemn him )\t inve/igat+ :at he _h said2 adopt+ z axioms t he _h laid d[n1 inf]5ces ! mo/ biz>re & mo/ ridicul\s t 8 enemies _h drawn f c]ta9 equivocal phrases4#cjh ,:at p]suades me to make ?is obs]vation1 is because x has be5 prov$ t ,manes _h inde$ admitt$ two oppos$ ,pr9ciples ( ,good & ,evil1 et]nal indep5d5ts1 & hold+ ( !mselves _! prop] & absolute exi/5ce1 s9ce x is easy to see t ,zoroa/]1 ^: doctr9e he _h pr9cipally imitat$1 _h n admitt$ !m z su*1 b z equally issu$ f a sup]ior ,cause1 conc]n+ ! ess5ce ( :i* he 0 sil5t4#cji ,i am v mu* incl9$ to believe t ! ,*ri/ian doctors :o h transmitt$ to u ! ideas ( ?is mighty h]esi>*1 bl9d$ by _! hatr$ or by _! ignorance1 h trave/i$ !m z ,i f9d t ! ,platoni/ philosoph]s1 bewild]$ by _! own op9ions1 h entirely disfigur$ ^? ( ! illu/ri\s f\nd] ( ! ,academy4 ,! errors ( bo? h be51 tak+ = absolute be+s1 :at ,zoroa/] & ,py?agoras1 ,plato or ,manes1 _h put d[n z emanations1 results1 =ces1 or ev5 ! simple ab/ractions ( ! und]/&+4 ,?us ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 ,p[] & ,necessity1 ! ,same & ! ,o!r1 ,light & ,d>kness1 are1 9 reality1 only ! same ?+s div]sely express$1 div]sely s5s$1 b always drawn f ! same orig9 & subject to ! same fundam5tal ,cause ( ! ,univ]se4 ,x is n true !re=e1 z ,*alcidius has /at$1 t ,py?agoras may h demon/rat$ t evil exi/s necess>ily1#caj because matt] is evil 9 itself4 ,py?agoras nev] said t matt] might be an absolute be+ ^: ess5ce might be compos$ ( evil4 ,hi]ocles1 :o _h /udi$ ! doctr9e ( ?is great man & t ( ,plato1 has d5i$ t ei!r ! "o or ! o!r _h ev] decl>$ matt] z a be+ exi/+ by itself4 ,he has prov$1 on ! contr>y1 t ,plato taught1 foll[+ ! /eps ( ,py?agoras1 t ! ,_w 0 produc$ f ,no?+1 & t 8 foll[]s 7 mi/ak5 :5 !y ?\ght t he admitt$ an uncreat$ matt]4#caa ,p[] & ,necessity 7m5tion$ 9 ! l9es at ! head ( ?is ,exam9ation7 are n1 z has be5 believ$1 ! absolute s\rce ( good & evil4 ,necessity is n m evil 9 itself ?an ,p[] is n good2 x is f ! usage t man is call$ to make ( !m1 & f _! employm5t :i* is indicat$ by wisdom or ignorance1 virtue or vice1 t results ,good or ,evil4 ,?is has be5 felt by ,hom] :o has express$ x 9 an admirable allegory1 by repres5t+ ! god ( gods himself1 ,jupit]1 op5+ indiff]5tly ! s\rces ( good & evil ^u ! univ]se4 ,beside ,jove's ?re%old /& two casks ( gifts = man4 ,"o cask conta9s ! evil1 "o ! good1444#cab ,^? :o h reject$ ?is ?\ght ( ,hom] h n reflect$ en\gh ^u ! pr]ogatives ( poetry1 :i* are to p>ticul>ize :at is univ]sal & to repres5t z done :at is to be done4 ,good & ,evil d n emanate f ,jupit] 9 action1 b 9 pot5tiality1 t is to say1 t ! same ?+ repres5t$ by ,jupit] or ! ,univ]sal ,pr9ciple ( ! ,w & ! ,intellig5ce1 becomes good or evil1 accord+ z x is det]m9$ by ! p>ticul> op]ation ( ea* individual pr9ciple ( ! ,w & ! ,intellig5ce4#cac ,n[1 man is to ! ,be+ call$ ,jupit] by ,hom]1 z ! p>ticul> is to ! ,univ]sal4#cad #g4 ,/ill x is giv5 !e to fight & ov]come ,?y fooli% passions3 le>n ?\ to subdue !m4 ,x seems t ,lysis1 =esee+ ! wrong inductions t w\ld be drawn f :at he _h said1 & z if he _h a pres5tim5t t "o w\ld n fail to g5]alize ! influ5ce ( ,necessity ^u ! actions ( m51 may h wi%$ be=eh& to oppose himself to ! de/ructive dogma ( fatality1 by e/abli%+ ! empire ( ! ,w ov] ! passions4 ,?is is 9 ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras ! real f\ndation ( ! lib]ty ( man3 =1 accord+ to ?is philosoph]1 no "o is free1 only he :o kn[s h[ to ma/] himself1#cae & ! yoke ( ! passions is mu* heavi] & m difficult to ?r[ (f ?an t ( ! mo/ cruel tyrants4 ,py?agoras1 h[ev]1 did n1 accord+ to ,hi]ocles1 prescribe de/roy+ ! passions1 z ! ,/oics taught 9 late times2 b only to wat* ov] !m & repress excess 9 !m1 because all excess is vici\s4#caf ,he reg>d$ ! passions z useful to man1 & al?\gh produc$ 9 pr9ciple by ,necessity1 & giv5 by an irresi/ible de/9y1 z nev]!less submissive 9 _! use to ! free p[] ( ! ,w4 ,plato _h well realiz$ ?is tru? & _h =cibly indicat$ x 9 _m passages ( 8 works3 "o f9ds x *iefly 9 ! second dialogue ( ,hippias1 :]e ?is philosoph] %[s1 evid5tly )\t seem+ to h ! design1 t man good or bad1 virtu\s or crim9al1 tru?ful or false1 is only su* by ! p[] ( 8 w1 & t ! passion :i* c>ries him to virtue or to vice1 to tru? or falsehood1 is no?+ 9 itself2 s t no man is bad1 only by ! faculty :i* he has ( be+ good2 nor good1 only by ! faculty :i* he has ( be+ bad4 ,b has man ! faculty ( be+ good or bad at 8 pleasure1 & is he n irresi/ibly drawn t[>d vice or virtue8 ,?is is a "q :i* has tri$ all ! great ?9k]s ( ! e>?1 & :i* accord+ to circum/ances has caus$ /orms ( m or less viol5ce4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to give close att5tion to "o ?+1 :i* is1 t be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity & ! admission ( orig9al s9 z fundam5tal dogma ( religion1 no f\nd] ( sect1 no celebrat$ philosoph] _h positively d5i$ ! free w1 nor _h taught o/5sibly t man may be necess>ily det]m9$ to ,evil or to ,good & pr$e/9$ f all "t to vice or virtue1 to wick$ness or et]nal happ9ess4 ,x is inde$ true t ?is cruel fatality seem$ (t5 to foll[ f _! pr9ciples z an inevitable consequ5ce1 & t _! adv]s>ies reproa*$ !m ) x2 b ne>ly all reject$ x z an insult1 or a false int]pretation ( _! sy/em4 ,! fir/ :o gave place to ?is accusation1 9 anci5t times1 0 a c]ta9 ,mos*us1 a ,phnician philosoph]1 :o1 accord+ to ,/rabo1 liv$ be=e ! epo* 9 :i* ! w> ( ,troy is said to h tak5 place1 t is to say1 ab\t twelve or ?irte5 c5turies be=e our era4#cag ,?is philosoph] deta*+ himself f ! !osophical doctr9e1 ! only "o kn[n at t "t1 & hav+ s\ght ! reason ( ?+s 9 ! ?+s !mselves1 c be consid]$ z ! real f\nd] ( ,natural ,philosophy3 he 0 ! fir/ :o made ab/raction f ! ,div9ity1 & f ! intellig5ce1 & assum$ t ! ,univ]se exi/+ by itself 0 compos$ ( indivisible p>ticles1 :i*1 end[$ ) figures & div]se movem5ts1 produc$ by _! =tuit\s comb9ations an inf9ite s]ies ( be+s1 g5]at+1 de/roy+1 & r5ew+ !mselves unceas+ly4 ,^! p>ticles1 :i* ! ,greeks nam$ atoms1#cah on acc\nt ( _! indivisibility1 con/itut$ ! p>ticul> sy/em :i* /ill be>s ?is "n4 ,leucippus1 ,democritus1 & ,epicurus adopt$ x1 add+ to x _! own ideas2 & ,lucretius hav+ naturaliz$ x among ! ,romans1 fav\r$ its passage d[n to ^! mod]n times1 :5 ! great] "p ( our philosoph]s h done no?+ b r5ovate x "u o!r =ms4#cai ,assur$ly !re is no sy/em :5ce ! fatal necessity ( all ?+s issues m inevitably ?an f t ( atoms2 also x is c]ta9 t ,democritus 0 accus$ ( admitt+ a compulsory de/9y1#cbj al?\gh1 l ,leibnitz1 he admitt$ to ea* atom an animat$ & s5ti5t nature4#cba ,x is n kn[n if he repli$ to ?is accusation2 b !re are c]ta9 pro(s t ,epicurus1 :o _h less "r ?an he to reject x1 s9ce he reg>d$ atoms z absolutely inanimate1#cbb reject$ x nev]!less1 & n wi%+ to admit a dogma subv]sive ( all morals1 he decl>$ himself aga9/ x1 & taught ! lib]ty ( man4#cbc ,a s+ul> ?+ is1 t ?is fatality :i* appe>s atta*$ to ! sy/em ( atoms1 :5ce ! mat]iali/ promot]s1 true to _! pr9ciple1 bani%$ ! influ5ce ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1#cbd foll[$ /ill m naturally f ! oppos$ sy/em1 :]e9 ! spirituali/ philosoph]s admitt$ ?is ,provid5ce to ! full ext5t ( its p[]4 ,accord+ to ?is la/ sy/em1 a sole & same spiritual sub/ance fill$ ! ,univ]se1 & by its div]se modifications produc$ !re all ! ph5om5a by :i* ! s5ses are affect$4 ,p>m5ides1 ,melissus1 & ,z5o ( ,elea1 :o adopt$ x1 su/a9$ x ) great success3 !y ass]t$ t matt] 0 only pure illusion1 t !re is no?+ 9 ?+s1 t bodies & all _! v>iations are only pure appe>ances1 & t !re=e no?+ really exi/s outside ( _s4#cbe ,z5o ( ,elea p>ticul>ly1 :o d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( movem5t1 br\ght aga9/ ?is exi/5ce "s objections v difficult to remove4#cbf ,! ,/oic philosoph]s became m or less /rongly atta*$ to ?is op9ion4 ,*rysippus1 "o ( ! firme/ pill>s ( ! ,por*1 taught t ,god is ! s\l ( ! _w1 & ! _w1 ! univ]sal ext5sion ( t s\l4 ,he said t by ,jupit]1 %\ld be und]/ood1 ! et]nal law1 ! fatal necessity1 ! immutable tru? ( all future ?+s4#cbg ,n[1 x is evid5t t if1 9 accordance ) ! en]getic expression ( ,s5eca1 ?is unique pr9ciple ( ! ,univ]se has orda9$ once to obey always its own comm&1#cbh ! ,/oics 7 n able to escape f ! reproa* t 0 direct$ t[>d !m1 ( admitt+ ! mo/ absolute fatality1 s9ce ! s\l ( man be+1 accord+ to !m1 only a portion ( ! ,div9ity1 its actions c\ld h no o!r cause ?an ,god ,himself :o _h will$ !m4#cbi ,nev]!less ,*rysippus reject$ ! reproa* 9 ! same mann] z did ,epicurus2 he always su/a9$ ! lib]ty ( man1 not)/&+ ! irresi/ible =ce t he admitt$ 9 ! unique ,cause#ccj2 & :at seem$ a manife/ contradiction1 he taught t ! s\l s9s only by ! impulse ( its own w1 & !re=e t ! blame ( its errors %\ld n be put ^u de/9y4#cca ,b x suffices to reflect a mom5t ^u ! nature ( ! pr9ciples set d[n by ,epicurus1 by ,*rysippus1 & by all ^? :o h prec$$ !m or foll[$ !m 9 _! div]g5t op9ions1 to see t ! inf]5ces drawn by _! adv]s>ies 7 j1 & t !y c\ld n refute !m )\t contradict+ !mselves4#ccb ,e "t t "o has claim$ to f\nd ! ,univ]se ^u ! exi/5ce ( a sole mat]ial or spiritual nature1 & to make proce$ f ?is sole nature ! explanation ( all ph5om5a1 "o has become expos$ & always w be1 to insurm\ntable difficulties4 ,x is always 9 ask+ :at ! orig9 ( ,good & ,evil is1 t all ! sy/ems ( ?is sort h be5 irresi/ibly ov]?r[n1 f ,mos*us1 ,leucippus1 & ,epicurus1 d[n to ,sp9oza & ,leibnitz2 f ,p>m5ides1 ,z5o ( ,elea1 & ,*rysippus1 d[n to ,b]keley & ,kant4 ,=1 let !re be no misund]/&+1 ! solution ( ! problem conc]n+ free w dep5ds ^u prelim9>y k ( ! orig9 ( evil1 s t "o _c reply pla9ly to ?is "q3 ,:5ce comes ,evil8 ,nei!r c "o reply to ?is "o3 ,is man free8 ,& t "o be n /ill fur!r deceiv$ "h1 ! k ( ! orig9 ( evil1 if x has be5 acquir$1 has nev] be5 op5ly divulg$3 x has be5 pr(\ndly buri$ ) t ( ! ,unity ( ,god 9 ! anci5t my/]ies & has nev] em]g$ except envelop$ 9 a triple veil4 ,! initiates impos$ ^u !mselves a rigid sil5ce conc]n+ :at !y call$ ! suff]+s ( ,god#ccc3 8 dea?1 8 desc5t into ! inf]nal regions1 & 8 resurrection4#ccd ,!y knew t ! s]p5t 01 9 g5]al1 ! symbol ( evil1 & t x 0 "u ?is =m t ! ,py?on _h f\ght ) & be5 sla9 by ,apollo4#cce ,! !osophi/s h n made a public dogma ( ! ,unity ( ,god1 precisely on acc\nt ( ! explanation t x w\ld be necess>y to give to ! orig9 ( good & evil2 = )\t ?is explanation1 ! dogma 9 itself w\ld h be5 incompreh5sible4 ,moses realiz$ x p]fectly1 & 9 ! plan :i* he _h conceiv$ ( /rik+ ! p ^: legislator he 01 ) a "* z extraord9>y z indelible1 by f\nd+ 8 cult ^u ! publicity ( a dogma hidd51 until t "t 9 ! dep?s ( ! sanctu>ies & res]v$ = ! initiates alone1 he did n hesitate to divulge :at he knew p]ta9+ to ! creation ( ! _w & ! orig9 ( evil4 ,x is true t ! mann] 9 :i* he gave x1 "u a simplicity & app>5t cl>ity1 conceal$ a pr(undity & obscurity almo/ unfa?omable2 b ! =m :i* he gave to ?is =midable my/]y suffic$ to support1 9 ! op9ion ( ! vulg>1 ! ,unity ( ,god & ?is 0 all t he wi%$ to d4 ,n[ x is ! ess5ce ( !osophy to be dogmatic1 & t ( natural philosophy to be skeptical2 ! !osophi/ speaks by fai?1 ! physici/ speaks by reason2 ! doctr9e ( ! "o excludes ! discussion t ! sy/em ( ! o!r admits & ev5 necessitates4 ,up to t "t1 !osophy dom9at+ ^u ! e>? _h taught ! influ5ce ( ! w1 & ! tradition :i* 0 pres]v$ 9 x among all ! nations ( ! e>? dur+ an incalculable succession ( c5turies gave x ! =ce ( demon/ration4 ,among ! ,indians1 ,kri%na2 among ! ,p]sians1 ,zoroa/]2 9 ,*9a1 ,kong-,tse2 9 ,egypt1 ,?o?2 among ! ,greeks1 ,orpheus2 ev5 ,od91 among ! ,sc&9avians2 ev]y:]e ! lawgiv]s ( ! p _h l9k$ ! lib]ty ( man ) ! consol+ dogma ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4#ccf ,! peoples accu/om$ to wor%ip 9 poly!ism ! ,div9e ,inf9ity & n its ,unity1 did n f9d x /range to be guid$1 protect$1 & wat*$ ov] on ! "o side1 :]eas !y rema9$1 on ! o!r1 free 9 _! movem5ts2 & !y did n tr\ble !mselves to f9d ! s\rce ( good & evil s9ce !y saw x 9 ! objects ( _! cult1 9 ^! same gods1 ! great] "p ( :om be+ nei!r ess5tially good nor ess5tially bad 7 reput$ to inspire 9 !m ! virtues or ! vices :i*1 ga!r$ freely by !m1 r5d]$ !m wor?y ( recomp5se or *a/isem5t4#ccg ,b :5 ,natural ,philosophy appe>$1 ! face ( ?+s 0 *ang$4 ,! natural philosoph]s1 sub/itut+ ! obs]vation ( nature & exp]i5ce = m5tal contemplation & ! inspiration ( !osophi/s1 ?\ght t !y c\ld make s5ti5t :at 0 intelligible1 & promis$ to prove by fact & reason+ :atev] up to t "t _h _h only pro(s ( s5tim5t & analogy4 ,!y br\ght to light ! great my/]y ( ,univ]sal ,unity1 & trans=m+ ?is ,intellectual ,unity into corporal sub/ance plac$ x 9 wat]1#cch 9 inf9ite space1#cci 9 ! air1#cdj 9 ! fire1#cda :5ce !y draw 9 turn ! ess5tial & =mal exi/5ce ( all ?+s4 ,! "o1 atta*$ to ! s*ool ( ,ionia1 e/abli%$ z fundam5tal maxim1 t !re is b "o pr9ciple ( all2 & ! o!r1 atta*$ to t ( ,elea1 />t$ f ?is axiom t no?+ is made f no?+4#cdb ,! =m] s\ght ! h[1 & ! latt] ! :y ( ?+s2 & all 7 unit$ 9 say+ t !re is no effect )\t cause4 ,_! diff]5t sy/ems1 bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( reason+ :i* seem$ inconte/able1 & support$ by a s]ies ( impos+ conclusions1 _h1 at fir/1 a prodigi\s success2 b ?is clat pal$ consid]ably :5 soon ! disciples ( ,py?agoras1 & a little lat] ^? ( ,socrates & ,plato1 hav+ receiv$ f _! ma/]s ! !osophical tradition1 /opp$ ^! sophi/ical physici/s 9 ! mid/ ( _! triumphs1 &1 ask+ !m ! cause ( physical & ( moral evil1 prov$ to !m t !y knew no?+ ( x2 & t1 9 :atev] fa%ion !y might d$uce x by _! sy/em1 !y c\ld n avoid e/abli%+ an absolute fatality1 de/ructive to ! lib]ty ( man1 :i* by depriv+ x ( morality ( actions1 by conf\nd+ vice & virtue1 ignorance & wisdom1 made ( ! ,univ]se no m ?an a frightful *aos4 ,9 va9 ^! _h ?ru/ back ! reproa* & claim$ t ! inf]5ce 0 false2 _! adv]s>ies pursu+ !m on _! own gr\nd cri$ out to !m3 ,if ! pr9ciple t y admit is good1 :5ce comes x t m5 are wick$ & mis]able8#cdc ,if ?is unique pr9ciple is bad1 :5ce em]ge goodness & virtue8#cdd ,if nature is ! expression ( ?is sole pr9ciple1 h[ is x n con/ant & :y does its gov]nm5t s[ goodness & evil8#cde ,! mat]iali/s _h rec\rse va9ly to a c]ta9 deviation 9 atoms1#cdf & ! spirituali/s1 to a c]ta9 adjuvant cause q simil> to efficaci\s grace#cdg2 ! !osophi/s w\ld nev] h r5\nc$ !m if !y _h n enclos$ !m 9 a syllogi/ic circle1 by mak+ !m admit1 sometimes t ! unique & all-p[]ful ,pr9ciple _c ?9k ( ev]y?+1#cdh sometimes t vice is useful & t )\t x !re w\ld be no virtue#cdi2 p>adoxes ( :i* !y _h no tr\ble demon/rat+ ! absurdity & ! revolt+ inf]5ces4#cej ,take a survey ( all ! nations ( ! _w1 p]use all ! books t y please1 & y w f9d ! lib]ty ( man1 ! free w ( 8 actions1 ! influ5ce ( 8 w ov] 8 passions1 only 9 ! !osophical tradition4 ,:]ev] y see physical or metaphysical sy/ems1 doctr9es ( :atev] k9d !y may be1 f\nd$ ^u a sole pr9ciple ( ! mat]ial or spiritual ,univ]se1 y c conclude boldly t absolute fatality results f x & t _! au?ors f9d !mselves 9 ne$ ( mak+ two ?+s "o3 or ( expla9+ ! orig9 ( good & evil1 :i* is impossible2 or ( e/abli%+ ! free w a priori1 :i* is a manife/ contradiction ( _! reason+s4 ,if y c>e to p5etrate into metaphysical dep?s1 exam9e ?is decisive po9t ^u ?is matt]4 ,moses f\nd$ 8 cult ^u ! ,unity ( ,god & he expla9$ ! orig9 ( evil2 b he f\nd himself =c$ by ! v nature ( ?is =midable my/]y to envelop 8 explanation ) su* a veil1 t x rema9$ imp5etrable = all ^? :o _h n receiv$ ! traditional revelation2 s t ! lib]ty ( man exi/$ 9 8 cult only by fav\r ( !osophical tradition1 & t x became weak] & disappe>$ entirely f x ) ?is same tradition1 ! two oppos$ sects ( ! ,ph>isees & ,sadducees :i* divid$ ! cult prove ?is4#cea ,! =m]1 atta*$ to ! tradition & allegoriz+ ! text ( ! ,seph]1#ceb admitt$ ! free w#cec2 ! o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 reject+ x & foll[+ ! lit]al mean+1 e/abli%$ an irresi/ible de/9y to :i* all 0 subject$4 ,! mo/ or?odox ,hebrews1 & ^? ev5 :o pass$ z se]s or prophets ( ! nation1 _h no difficulty 9 attribut+ to ,god ! cause ( ,evil4#ced ,!y 7 obvi\sly au?oriz$ by ! hi/ory ( ! d[nfall ( ! fir/ man1 & by ! dogma ( orig9al s91 :i* !y took accord+ to ! mean+ atta*$ to x by ! vulg>4 ,x also happ5$1 aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,islamism1 t ?is dogma1 receiv$ by bo? cults 9 all its ext5t & 9 all its lit]al obscurity1 has necess>ily drawn ) x pr$e/9ation1 :i* is1 9 o!r words1 only ! fatality ( ! anci5ts4 ,mohamm$1 m en?usia/ ?an le>n$1 & /rong] 9 imag9ation ?an 9 reason+1 has n hesitat$ a mom5t1 admitt+ x z an inevitable result ( ! ,unity ( ,god1 :i* he ann\nc$ aft] ,moses4#cee ,x is true t a few ,*ri/ian doctors1 :5 !y h be5 capable ( p]ceiv+ ! inf]5ces 9 x h d5i$ ?is pr$e/9ation1 & h wi%$1 ei!r by allegoriz+ ! dogma ( orig9al s91 z ,orig51 or reject+ x :olly1 z ,pelagius1 to e/abli% ! free w & ! p[] ( ! w2 b x is easy to see1 9 read+ ! hi/ory ( ! *ur*1 t ! mo/ rigid ,*ri/ians1 su* z ,sa9t ,augu/9e & ! ecclesia/ical au?ority itself1 h always upheld pr$e/9ation z proce$+ necess>ily f ! div9e ,presci5ce & f ! ,all-,p[]ful1 )\t :i* !re is no ,unity4 ,! l5g? ( ?is exam9ation =ces me to susp5d ! pro(s t ,i 0 go+ to give reg>d+ ?is la/ ass]tion2 b fur!r on ,i w return to x4 #h4 ,be sob]1 dilig5t1 & *a/e2 avoid all wra?4 ,9 public or 9 secret ne'er p]mit ?\ ,any evil2 & above all else respect ?yself4 ,py?agoras consid]$ man "u ?ree pr9cipal modifications1 l ! ,univ]se2 & ?is is :y he gave to man ! "n ( ! microcosm or ! small _w4#cef ,no?+ 0 m common among ! anci5t nations ?an to comp>e ! ,univ]se to a gr& man1 & man1 to a small ,univ]se4#ceg ,! ,univ]se1 consid]$ z a gr& & animat$ ,all1 compos$ ( intellig5ce1 s\l & body1 0 call$ ,pan or ,phanes4#cehcei ,man1 or microcosm1 0 compos$ 9 ! same way b 9 an inv]se mann]1 ( body1 s\l1 & intellig5ce2 & ea* ( ^! ?ree p>ts 01 9 its turn1 consid]$ "u ?ree modifications1 s t ! t]n>y rul+ 9 ! :ole rul$ equally 9 ! lea/ ( its subdivisions4 ,ea* t]n>y1 f t :i* embrac$ ,imm5sity1 to t :i* con/itut$ ! weake/ individual 01 accord+ to ,py?agoras1 includ$ 9 an absolute or relative ,unity1 & =m$ ?us1 z ,i h already said1 ! ,quat]n>y or ,sacr$ ,tetrad ( ! ,py?agoreans4 ,?is ,quat]n>y 0 univ]sal or p>ticul>4 ,py?agoras 0 n1 h[ev]1 ! inv5tor ( ?is doctr9e3 x 0 spread f ,*9a to ! dep?s ( ,sc&9avia4#cfj ,"o f9ds x likewise express$ 9 ! oracles ( ,zoroa/]4#cfa ,9 ! ,univ]se a ,t]n>y %9es =?1 ,& ! ,monad is its pr9ciple4 ,?us1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 ,man1 consid]$ z a relative unity conta9$ 9 ! absolute ,unity ( ! ,gr& ,all1 pres5ts himself z ! univ]sal t]n>y1 "u ?ree pr9cipal modifications1 ( body1 s\l1 & _s or intellig5ce4 ,! s\l1 consid]$ z ! seat ( ! passions1 is pres5t$ 9 its turn1 "u ! ?ree faculties ( ! rational1 irascible or appet5t s\l4 ,n[1 9 ! op9ion ( ,py?agoras1 ! vice ( ! appet5t faculty ( ! s\l is intemp]ance or av>ice2 t ( ! irascible faculty is c[>dice2 & t ( ! rational faculty is folly4 ,! vice :i* rea*es ^! ?ree faculties is inju/ice4 ,9 ord] to avoid ^! vices1 ! philosoph] comm5ds f\r pr9cipal virtues to 8 disciples3 temp]ance = ! appet5t faculty1 c\rage = ! irascible faculty1 prud5ce = ! rational faculty1 & = ^! ?ree faculties toge!r1 ju/ice1 :i* he reg>ds z ! mo/ p]fect virtue ( ! s\l4#cfb ,i say ! s\l1 because ! body & ! intellig5ce1 be+ equally develop$ by means ( ?ree faculties in/9ctive or spiritual1 z well z ! s\l1 7 susceptible ( ! vices & ! virtues :i* 7 peculi> to !m4 #i4 ,speak n nor act be=e ?\ ha/ reflect$2 ,be j4 ,by ! prec$+ l9es1 ,lysis1 speak+ 9 ! "n ( ,py?agoras1 _h comm5d$ temp]ance & dilig5ce2 he _h prescrib$ p>ticul>ly wat*+ ov] ! irascible faculty1 & mod]at+ its excesses2 by ^!1 he indicates ! peculi> "* ( prud5ce :i* is reflection & he imposes ! obligation ( be+ j1 by b9d+1 z x 71 ! mo/ en]getic idea ( ju/ice ) t ( dea?1 z may be se5 9 ! subsequ5t l9es3 #aj4 ''' ,rememb] t a p[] inv9cible ,orda9s to die2 ''' ,t is to say1 rememb] ?\ t ! fatal necessity to :i* ?\ art subject$ 9 ref]5ce to ! mat]ial & mortal "p ( ?yself1 accord+ to ! s5t5ce ( ! anci5t sages1#cfc w /rike !e p>ticul>ly 9 ! objects ( ?y cupidity1 ( ?y intemp]ance1 9 ! ?+s :i* w h excit$ ?y folly1 or flatt]$ ?y c[>dice2 rememb] ?\ t dea? w break ! frail in/rum5ts ( ?y wra?1 w ext+ui% ! firebr&s t x w h light$2 rememb] ?\ f9ally1 #aa4 ''' ,t ri*es & ! hon\rs ,easily acquir$1 are easy ?us to lose4 ,be j3 inju/ice has (t5 easy triumphs2 b :at rema9s aft] dea? ( ! ri*es t x has procur$8 ,no?+ b ! bitt] remembrance ( _! loss1 & ! nak$ness ( a %ameful vice uncov]$ & r$uc$ to impot5cy4 ,i h proce$$ rapidly 9 ! explanation ( ! =ego+ l9es1 because ! morals :i* !y conta91 f\nd$ ^u ! pro(s ( s5tim5t1 are n susceptible ( receiv+ o!rs4 ,i d n "k if ?is simple reflection has already be5 made1 b 9 any case x ought to draw ) x "o m complicat$1 & s]ve to f9d ! reason = ! surpris+ h>mony :i* reigns1 & :i* has always reign$1 among all ! peoples ( ! e>? ^u ! subject ( morals4 ,man has be5 all[$ to disagree ^u subjects ( reason+ & op9ion1 to diff] 9 a ?\s& ways 9 ^? ( ta/e1 to dispute ^u ! =ms ( cult1 ! dogmas ( tea*+s1 ! bases ( sci5ce1 to build an inf9ity ( psy*ological & physical sy/ems2 b ,man has nev] be5 able1 )\t bely+ 8 own consci5ce1 to d5y ! tru? & univ]sality ( morals4 ,temp]ance1 prud5ce1 c\rage1 & ju/ice1 h always be5 consid]$ z virtues1 & av>ice1 folly1 c[>dice1 & inju/ice1 z vices2 & ?is1 )\t ! lea/ discussion4 ,nev] has any legislator said t x 0 necess>y to be a bad son1 a bad fri5d1 a bad citiz51 envi\s1 ungrateful1 p]jur$4 ,! m5 mo/ beset ) ^! vices h always hat$ !m 9 o!rs1 h conceal$ !m at home1 & _! v hypocrisy has be5 a new homage r5d]$ to morals4 ,if c]ta9 sect>ians1 bl9d$ by a false zeal & fur!rmore sy/ematically ignorant & intol]ant1 h circulat$ t ! cults diff]+ f !irs lack$ morals1 or receiv$ impure ones1 x is because !y ei!r misund]/ood ! true pr9ciples ( morals1 or !y calumniat$ !m2 pr9ciples are ! same ev]y:]e2 only _! application is m or less rigid & _! consequ5ces are m or less well appli$ 9 accordance ) ! times1 ! places1 & ! m54 ,! ,*ri/ians extol1 & ) reason1 ! purity & ! sanctity ( _! morals2 b if x mu/ be told !m ) frankness !y h no?+ 9 _! sacr$ books t _c be f\nd z =cibly express$ 9 ! sacr$ books ( o!r nations1 & (t5 ev51 9 ! op9ion ( imp>tial travell]s1 "o has se5 x mu* bett] practis$4 ,= example1 ! beautiful maxim t\*+ ^u ! p>don ( (f5ces#cfd is f\nd complete 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a4 ,x is writt53 8,o ,god6 great] ?an all t :i* is great6 if a man provoke y by 8 ?\ghts1 by 8 spee*1 or by 8 actions1 if he humbles himself be=e y1 p>don him2 ev5 s1 if a man provoke me by 8 ?\ghts by 8 spee* or by 8 actions may ,i p>don him40#cfe ,"o f9ds 9 ! same book1 ! precept on *>ity1 su* z is practis$ among ! ,mussulmans1 & t ( agriculture plac$ 9 ! rank ( virtues1 z among ! ,*9ese4 8,! ,k+ :om y love1 :at desire y t he %all d1 ,ormuzd8 ,d y desire t1 l unto y1 he %all n\ri% ! poor80#cff 8,! pure/ po9t ( ! law is to s[ ! l&4 ,he :o s[s ! gra9 & does x ) purity is z great be=e me z he :o celebrates t5 ?\s& adorations4'''0#cfg 8,r5d] ! e>? f]tile1 cov] x ) fl[]s & ) fruits2 multiply ! spr+s 9 ! places :]e !re is no grass40#cfh ,?is same maxim ( ! p>don ( (f5ces & ^? :i* decree to return good = evil1 & to d unto o!rs :at we w\ld t !y %\ld d unto u1 is f\nd 9 _m ( ! ,ori5tal writ+s4 ,"o reads 9 ! di/i*s ( ,hafiz ?is beautiful passage3 ,le>n ( ! sea-%ell to love ?9e enemy1 & to fill ) pe>ls ! h& ?ru/ out to h>m !e4 ,be n less g5]\s ?an ! h>d rock2 make respl5d5t ) preci\s /ones1 ! arm :i* r5ds ?y side4 ,m>k ?\ yond] tree assail$ by a %[] ( /ones2 ^u ^? :o ?r[ !m x lets fall only delici\s fruits or p]fum$ fl[]s4 ,! voice ( all nature calls al\d to u3 %all man be ! only "o refus+ to heal ! h& :i* is w\nd$ 9 /rik+ him8 ,to bless ! "o :o (f5ds him8#cfi ,! evangelical precept p>aphras$ by ,hafiz is f\nd 9 sub/ance 9 a disc\rse ( ,lysias2 x is cle>ly express$ by ,?ales & ,pittacus2 ,kong-,tse taught x 9 ! same words z ,jesus2 f9ally "o f9ds 9 ! ,arya1 writt5 m ?an ?ree c5turies be=e our era1 ^! l9es :i* seem made expressly to inculcate ! maxim & depict ! dea? ( ! righte\s man3 ,! duty ( a good man1 ev5 at ! mom5t ( 8 de/ruction1 consi/s n only 9 =giv+ b ev5 9 a desire ( b5efit+ 8 de/roy]2 z ! ,s&al-tree1 9 ! in/ant ( its ov]?r[ %$s p]fume on ! ax :i* fells2 & he w\ld triumph 9 repeat+ ! v]se ( ,sadi :o repres5ts a return ( good = good z a slight reciprocity1 b says to ! virtu\s man1 8conf] b5efits on him :o has injur$ !e40#cgj ,int]rogate ! peoples f ! ,boreal pole to ! extremities ( ,asia1 & ask !m :at !y ?9k ( virtue3 !y w respond to y1 z ,z5o1 t x is all t is good & beautiful2 ! ,sc&9avians1 disciples ( ,od91 w %[ y ! ,hvaml#cga1 sublime disc\rse ( _! anci5t legislator1 :]e9 hospitality1 *>ity1 ju/ice1 & c\rage are expressly comm5d$ to !m3 ,y w "k by tradition t ! ,celts _h ! sacr$ v]ses ( _! ,druids1 :]e9 piety1 ju/ice1 & val\r 7 celebrat$ z national virtues#cgb2 y w see 9 ! books pres]v$ "u ! "n ( ,h]mes#cgc t ! ,egyptians foll[$ ! same idea reg>d+ morals z ! ,indians _! anci5t preceptors2 & ^! ideas1 pres]v$ /ill 9 ! ,dh>ma-,%a/ra1#cgd w /rike y 9 ! ,k+s ( ! ,*9ese4 ,x is !re1 9 ^? sacr$ books ^: orig9 is lo/ 9 ! night ( "t1#cge t y w f9d at _! s\rce ! mo/ sublime maxims ( ,fo-,hi1 ,kri%na1 ,?o?1 ,zoroa/]1 ,py?agoras1 ,socrates1 & ,jesus4 ,morals1 ,i repeat1 are ev]y:]e ! same2 !re=e x is n ^u its writt5 pr9ciples t "o %\ld judge ( ! p]fection ( ! cult1 z has be5 done )\t reflection1 b ^u _! practical application4 ,?is application1 :5ce results ! national _s1 dep5ds ^u ! purity ( ! religi\s dogmas1 ^u ! sublimity ( ! my/]ies1 & ^u _! m or less great aff9ity ) ! ,univ]sal ,tru? :i* is ! s\l1 app>5t or hidd51 ( all religion4 #ab4 ,z to ! evils :i* ,de/9y involves1 ,judge !m :at !y are2 endure !m all & /rive1 ,z mu* z ?\ art able1 to modify ! traits4 ,! ,gods1 to ! mo/ cruel1 h n expos$ ! sage4 ,i h said t ,py?agoras ackn[l$g$ two motives ( human actions1 ! p[] ( ! ,w & ! necessity ( ,de/9y1 & t he subject$ bo? to "o fundam5tal law call$ ,provid5ce f :i* !y emanat$ alike4 ,! fir/ ( ^! motives 0 free1 & ! second con/ra9$3 s t man f\nd himself plac$ betwe5 two oppos$1 b n injuri\s natures1 indiff]5tly good or bad1 accord+ z he und]/ood ! use ( !m4 ,! p[] ( ! ,w 0 ex]cis$ ^u ! ?+s to be done1 or ^u ! future2 ! necessity ( ,de/9y1 ^u ! ?+s done1 or ^u ! pa/3 & ! "o n\ri%$ ! o!r unceas+ly1 by work+ ^u ! mat]ials :i* !y reciprocally furni%$ ea* o!r2 = accord+ to ?is admirable philosoph]1 x is ( ! pa/ t ! future is born1 ( ! future t ! pa/ is =m$1 & ( ! union ( bo? t is eng5d]$ ! always exi/+ pres5t1 f :i* !y draw alike _! orig93 a mo/ pr(\nd idea t ! ,/oics _h adopt$4#cgf ,?us1 foll[+ ?is doctr9e1 lib]ty rules 9 ! future1 necessity 9 ! pa/1 & ,provid5ce ov] ! pres5t4 ,no?+ t exi/s happ5s by *ance b by ! union ( ! fundam5tal & provid5tial law ) ! human w :i* foll[s or transgresses x1 by op]at+ ^u necessity4#cgg ,! h>mony ( ! ,w & ,provid5ce con/itutes ,good2 ,evil is born ( _! opposition4 ,man has receiv$ ?ree =ces adapt$ to ea* ( ! ?ree modifications ( 8 be+1 to be guid$ 9 ! c\rse t he %\ld pursue on e>? & all ?ree en*a9$ to 8 ,w4 ,! fir/1 atta*$ to ! body1 is in/9ct2 ! second1 devot$ to ! s\l1 is virtue2 ! ?ird1 app]ta9+ to intellig5ce1 is sci5ce or wisdom4 ,^! ?ree =ces1 indiff]5t 9 !mselves1 take ?is "n only ?r\gh ! good usage t ! ,w makes ( x2 =1 ?r\gh bad usage !y deg5]ate into bruti%ness1 vice1 & ignorance4 ,in/9ct p]ceives ! physical good or evil result+ f s5sation2 virtue recognizes ! moral good or evil exi/+ 9 s5tim5t2 sci5ce judges ! intelligible good or evil :i* spr+s f ass5t4 ,9 s5sation1 good or evil is call$ pleasure or pa92 9 s5tim5t1 love or hate2 9 ass5t1 tru? or error4 ,s5sation1 s5tim5t1 & ass5t1 dwell+ 9 ! body1 9 ! s\l1 & 9 ! _s1 =m a t]n>y1 :i* becom+ develop$ "u fav\r ( a relative unity con/itutes ! human quat]n>y1 or ,man consid]$ ab/ractly4 ,! ?ree affections :i* compose ?is t]n>y act & react ^u "o ano!r1 & become mutually enlight5$ or obscur$2 & ! unity :i* b9ds !m1 t is to say1 ,man1 is p]fect$ or deprav$1 accord+ z x t5ds to become bl5d$ ) ! ,univ]sal ,unity or to become di/+ui%$ f x4 ,! means t ?is t]n>y has ( becom+ bl5d$ ) x1 or ( becom+ di/+ui%$ f x1 ( approa*+ ne> or ( draw+ away f x1 resides :olly 9 its ,w1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! use t x makes ( ! in/rum5ts furni%$ x by ! body1 s\l1 & m9d1 becomes in/9ctive or /upefi$2 is made virtu\s or vici\s1 wise or ignorant1 & places itself 9 condition to p]ceive ) m or less en]gy1 to und]/& & to judge ) m or less rectitude :at !re is ( goodness1 excell5ce1 & ju/ice 9 s5sation1 s5tim5t1 or ass5t2 to di/+ui%1 ) m or less =ce & k1 good & evil2 & n to be deceiv$ at la/ 9 :at is really pleasure or pa91 love or hatr$1 tru? or error4 ,inde$ "o feels t ! metaphysical doctr9e t ,i h j briefly set =? is n[h]e f\nd s cle>ly express$1 & !re=e ,i d n ne$ to support x ) any direct au?ority4 ,x is only by adopt+ ! pr9ciples set d[n 9 ! ,gold5 ,v]ses & by m$itat+ a long "t ^u :at has be5 writt5 by ,py?agoras t "o is able to conceive ! ensemble4 ,! disciples ( ?is philosoph] hav+ be5 extremely discreet & (t5 obscure1 "o c only well appreciate ! op9ions ( _! ma/] by ?r[+ light ^u !m ) ^? ( ! ,platoni/s & ,/oics1 :o h adopt$ & spread !m )\t any res]ve4#cgh ,man1 su* z ,i h j depict$ him1 accord+ to ! idea t ,py?agoras _h conceiv$1 plac$ "u ! dom9ion ( ,provid5ce betwe5 ! pa/ & ! future1 end[$ ) a free w by 8 ess5ce1 & be+ c>ri$ along t[>d virtue or vice ) its own movem5t1 ,man1 ,i say1 %\ld und]/& ! s\rce ( ! evils t he necess>ily exp]i5ces2 & f> f accus+ ?is same ,provid5ce :i* disp5ses good & evil to ea* accord+ to 8 m]it & 8 ant]ior actions1 c blame only himself if he suff]s1 ?r\gh an inevitable consequ5ce ( 8 pa/ mi/akes4#cgi ,= ,py?agoras admitt$ _m successive exi/5ces1#chj & ma9ta9$ t ! pres5t1 :i* /rikes u1 & ! future1 :i* m5aces u1 are only ! expression ( ! pa/ :i* has be5 our "w 9 ant]ior times4 ,he said t ! great] "p ( m5 lose1 9 return+ to life1 ! remembrance ( ^! pa/ exi/5ces2 b t1 conc]n+ himself1 he _h1 by a p>ticul> fav\r ( ! gods1 pres]v$ ! memory ( !m4#cha ,?us accord+ to 8 doctr9e1 ?is fatal ,necessity1 ( :i* man unceas+ly compla9s1 has be5 creat$ by himself ?r\gh ! use ( 8 w2 he trav]ses1 9 proportion z he advances 9 "t1 ! road t he has already trac$ = himself2 & accord+ z he has modifi$ x by good or evil1 z he s[s s to speak1 8 virtues or 8 vices1 he w f9d x aga9 m smoo? or labori\s1 :5 ! "t w come to trav]se x anew4 ,^! are ! dogmas by means ( :i* ,py?agoras e/abli%$ ! necessity ( ,de/9y1 )\t h>m+ ! p[] ( ! ,w1 & left to ,provid5ce its univ]sal empire1 )\t be+ oblig$ ei!r to attribute to x ! orig9 ( evil1 z ^? :o admitt$ only "o pr9ciple ( ?+s1 or to give to evil an absolute exi/5ce1 z ^? :o admitt$ two pr9ciples4 ,9 ?is1 he 0 9 accordance ) ! anci5t doctr9e :i* 0 foll[$ by ! oracles ( ! gods4#chb ,! ,py?agoreans1 h[ev]1 did n reg>d pa91 t is to say1 :atev] afflicts ! body 9 its mortal life1 z v]itable evils2 !y call$ v]itable evils only s9s1 vices1 & errors into :i* "o falls volunt>ily4 ,9 _! op9ion1 ! physical & inevitable evils be+ illu/rat$ by ! pres5ce ( virtue1 c\ld be trans=m$ into bless+s & become di/+ui%$ & enviable4#chc ,^! la/ evils1 dep5d5t ^u necessity1 ,lysis comm5d$ to be judg$ = :at !y 72 t is1 to consid] z an inevitable consequ5ce ( "s mi/ake1 z ! *a/isem5t or rem$y = "s vice2 & !re=e to endure !m1 & f> f irritat+ !m fur!r by impati5ce & ang]1 on ! contr>y to modify !m by ! resignation & acquiesc5ce ( ! w to ! judgm5t ( ,provid5ce4 ,he does n =bid1 z "o sees 9 ! l9es cit$1 assuag+ !m by lawful means2 on ! contr>y1 he desires t ! sage %\ld apply himself to div]t+ !m if possible1 & heal+ !m4 ,?us ?is philosoph] did n fall into ! excess ) :i* ! ,/oics h be5 ju/ly reproa*$4#chd ,he consid]$ pa9 evil1 n t x 0 ( ! same nature z vice1 b because its nature1 a purgative = vice1 makes x a necess>y consequ5ce4 ,plato adopt$ ?is idea1 & made all ! inf]5ces felt ) 8 cu/om>y eloqu5ce4#che ,z to :at ,lysis said1 always foll[+ ,py?agoras1 t ! sage 0 nev] expos$ to ! crude/ evils1 ?is c be und]/ood z ,hi]ocles has und]/ood x1 9 a simple & natural mann]1 or 9 a m my/]i\s mann] z ,i /at$4 ,x is evid5t at once1 9 foll[+ ! inf]5ces ( ! pr9ciples :i* h be5 giv51 t ! sage is n1 9 reality1 subject to ! sev]e/ evils1 s9ce1 n aggravat+ by 8 emotions ^? :i* ! necessity ( de/9y inflict ^u him1 & be>+ !m ) resignation1 he alleviates !m2 liv+ happy1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( mis=tune1 9 ! firm hope t ^! evils w no m tr\ble 8 days1 & c]ta9 t ! div9e bless+s :i* are res]v$ = virtue1 await him 9 ano!r life4#chf ,hi]ocles1 aft] hav+ reveal$ ?is fir/ mann] ( expla9+ ! v]se 9 "q1 t\*es lightly ^u ! second1 9 say+ t ! ,w ( man c h an influ5ce on ,provid5ce1 :51 act+ 9 a l(ty s\l1 x is assi/$ by succ\r f heav5 & op]ates ) x4#chg ,?is 0 a "p ( ! doctr9e taught 9 ! my/]ies1 ^: divulg5ce to ! pr(ane 0 =bidd54 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 ( :i* suffici5tly /rong traces c be recogniz$ 9 ,plato1#chh ! ,w1 ex]t+ itself by fai?1 0 able to subjugate ,necessity itself1 to comm& ,nature1 & to "w miracles4 ,x 0 ! pr9ciple ^u :i* 0 f\nd$ ! magic ( ! disciples ( ,zoroa/]4#chi ,jesus say+ p>abolically1 t by means ( fai? "o c\ld remove m\nta9s1#cij only spoke accord+ to ! !osophical traditions kn[n to all ! sages4 8,! uprightness ( ! he>t & fai? triumphs ov] all ob/acles10 said ,kong-,tse#cia2 8all m5 c r5d] !mselves equal to ! sages & to ! h]oes ^: memory ! nations rev]e10 said ,m5g-,tse2 8x is nev] ! p[] :i* is lack+1 x is ! w2 provid$ "o desire1 "o succe$s40#cib ,^! ideas ( ! ,*9ese !osophi/s are f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,indians1#cic & ev5 9 ^? ( "s ,europeans :o1 z ,i h already obs]v$1 _h n en\gh erudition to be imitators4 8,! great] ! w10 said ,boehme1 8! great] ! be+ & ! m p[]fully inspir$40#cid 8,w & lib]ty are ! same ?+40#cie 8,x is ! s\rce ( light1 ! magic :i* makes some?+ f no?+40#cif 8,! ,w :i* goes resolutely =w>d is fai?2 x models its own =m 9 _s & ov]comes all ?+s2 by x1 a s\l receives ! p[] ( c>ry+ its influ5ce 9 ano!r s\l1 & ( p5etrat+ its mo/ intimate ess5ces4 ,:5 x acts ) ,god x c ov]?r[ m\nta9s1 break ! rocks1 conf\nd ! plots ( ! impi\s1 & brea! ^u !m disord] & dismay2 x c effect all prodigies1 comm& ! heav5s1 ! sea1 & en*a9 dea? itself3 x subjugates all4 ,no?+ c be nam$ t _c be comm&$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,et]nal4 ,! s\l :i* executes ^! great ?+s only imitates ! prophets & ! sa9ts1 ,moses1 ,jesus1 & ! apo/les4 ,all ! elect h a simil> p[]4 ,evil disappe>s be=e !m4 ,no?+ c h>m ! "o 9 :om ,god dwells40#cig ,x is 9 dep>t+ f ?is doctr9e1 taught z ,i h said 9 ! my/]ies1 t c]ta9 gno/ics ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool ass]t t evils nev] att5d$ ! true sages1 if !re 7 f\nd m5 :o might h be5 s 9 reality2 = ,provid5ce1 image ( div9e ju/ice1 w\ld nev] all[ ! innoc5t to suff] & be puni%$4 ,basil1 :o 0 "o ( ^? :o support$ ?is ,platonic op9ion1#cih 0 %>ply reprim&$ by ! or?odox ,*ri/ians1 :o treat$ him z a h]etic1 quot+ to him ! example ( ! m>tyrs4 ,basil repli$ t ! m>tyrs 7 n entirely innoc5t1 because !re is no man exempt f faults2 t ,god puni%es 9 !m1 ei!r evil desires1 actual & secret s9s1 or s9s t ! s\l _h committ$ 9 a previ\s exi/5ce2 & z !y did n fail to oppose him aga9 ) ! example ( ,jesus1 :o1 al?\gh fully innoc5t1 _h1 h[ev]1 suff]$ ! torture ( ! cross1 ,basil answ]$ )\t hesitation t ,god _h be5 j1 9 8 op9ion1 & t ,jesus1 be+ man1 0 no m ?an ano!r exempt f s94#cii #ac4 ,ev5 z ,tru?1 does ,error h its lov]s2 ,) prud5ce ! ,philosoph] approves or blames2 ,if ,error triumph1 he dep>ts & waits4 ,x is suffici5tly kn[n t ,py?agoras 0 ! fir/ :o us$ ! ^w ,philosoph] to designate a fri5d ( wisdom4#djj ,be=e him1 ! ^w ,sophos1 sage1 0 us$4 ,x is !re=e ) int5tion t ,i h made x ent] into my translation1 al?\gh x may n be lit]ally 9 ! text4 ,! portrayal t ,lysis gives ( ! philosoph] repres5ts ev]y?+ 9 mod]ation & 9 t j mean1 :]e ! celebrat$ ,kong-,tse plac$ also ! p]fection ( ! sage4#dja ,he comm5d$ to him tol]ance = ! op9ions ( o!rs1 in/ill+ 9 him t1 z tru? & error h likewise _! foll[]s1 "o mu/ n be flatt]$ into ?9k+ t "o c enlight5 all m51 nor br+ !m to accept ! same s5tim5ts & to pr(ess ! same doctr9e4 ,py?agoras _h1 foll[+ 8 cu/om1 express$ ^! same ideas by symbolic phrases3 8,exce$ n ! balance10 he _h said1 8/ir n ! fire ) ! sword1 all mat]ials are n fitt+ to make a /atue ( ,m]cury40 ,t is to say1 avoid all excess2 dep>t n f ! gold5 mean :i* is ! appanage ( ! philosoph]2 propagate n y\r doctr9e by viol5t means2 use n ! sword 9 ! cause ( ,god & ! tru?2 confide n sci5ce to a corrupt s\l2 or z ,jesus =cibly said3 8,give n t :i* is holy unto ! dogs1 nei!r ca/ ye y\r pe>ls be=e sw9e0#djb2 = all m5 are n equally fitt$ to receive sci5ce1 to become models ( wisdom1 nor to reflect ! image ( ,god4 ,py?agoras1 x mu/ be said1 _h n always ent]ta9$ ^! s5tim5ts4 ,:ile he 0 "y & :ile he /ill burn$ unconsci\sly ) ! fire ( passions1 he ab&on$ himself to a bl9d & vehem5t zeal4 ,an excess ( en?usiasm & ( div9e love _h ?r[n him into intol]ance & p]haps he w\ld h become p]secutor1 if1 l ,mohamm$1 he _h _h ! weapons at h&4 ,an incid5t op5$ 8 eyes4 ,z he _h contract$ ! habit ( treat+ 8 disciples v sev]ely1 & z he g5]ally c5sur$ m5 = _! vices ) mu* asp]ity1 x happ5$ "o day t a y\?1 ^: mi/akes he _h publicly expos$ & :om he _h upbraid$ ) bitt]e/ reproa*es1 conceiv$ su* despair t he kill$ himself4 ,! philosoph] nev] ?\ght ( ?is evil ( :i* he _h be5 ! cause )\t viol5t grief2 he m$itat$ deeply1 & made f ?is incid5t reflections :i* s]v$ him ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,he realiz$1 z he en]getically express$ x1 t "o mu/ n /ir ! fire ) ! sword4 ,"o c1 9 ?is reg>d1 comp>e him ) ,kong-,tse & ,socrates4 ,! o!r !osophi/s h n always %[n ! same mod]ation4 ,kri%na1 ! mo/ tol]ant among !m _h nev]!less said1 ab&on+ himself to ?\ghtless en?usiasm3 8,wisdom consi/s 9 be+ :olly = ,me ''' 9 fre$om f love ( self ''' 9 loos5+ all bonds ( atta*m5t = "o's *ildr51 wife1 & home ''' 9 r5d]+ to ,god alone a /eadfa/ cult ''' disda9+ & flee+ f ! society ( m50#djc3 words rem>kable = ! connection t !y h ) ^? ( ,jesus3 8,if any man come to me & hate n 8 fa!r1 & "m1 & wife1 & *ildr51 & bre?r51 & si/]s1 yea1 & 8 own life also1 he _c be my disciple40#djd ,zoroa/] seem$ to au?orize p]secution1 say+ 9 an outbur/ ( indignation3 8,he :o does evil1 de/roy him2 rise up aga9/ all ^? :o are cruel4''' ,smite ) /r5g? ! pr\d ,turanian :o afflicts & torm5ts ! j40#dje ,"o kn[s to :at pit* ( wra? ,moses 0 k9dl$ aga9/ ! ,midianites & ! o!r peoples :o resi/$ him1#djf not)/&+ t he _h ann\nc$1 9 a calm] mom5t1 ! ,god ( ,israel z a ,god m]ciful & graci\s1 long-suff]+ & abundant 9 goodness & tru?4#djg ,mohamm$1 z passionate z ,moses1 & /rongly resembl+ ! legislator ( ! ,hebrews by 8 ability & firmness1 has fall5 into ! same excess4 ,he has (t5 depict$1 z cruel & inexorable1 ?is same ,god :om he invokes at ! head ( all ( 8 writ+s1 z v good1 v j1 & v clem5t4#djh ,?is proves h[ r>e a ?+ x is to rema9 9 ! gold5 mean s comm5d$ by ,kong-,tse & ,py?agoras1 h[ difficult x is = any pupil to resi/ ! lure ( ! passions to /ifle utt]ly _! voice1 9 ord] to he> only ! voice ( ! div9e inspiration4 ,reflect+ ^u ! discrepancies ( ! great m5 :om ,i h j cit$1 "o _c refra9 f ?9k+ ) ,basil1 t1 9 effect1 !re are no m5 on e>? v]itably wise & )\t s9#dji2 above all :5 "o consid]s t ,jesus express$ himself 9 ! same details z ,kri%na1 ,zoroa/]1 & ,moses2 & t he :o _h exhort$ u 9 "o passage to love our enemies1 to d good to ^? :o hate u1 & to pray ev5 = ^? :o p]secute & calumniate u1#daj m5aces ) fire f heav5 ! cities t recognize him n1#daa & else:]e x is writt53 8,d n ?9k t ,i came to s5d peace ^u e>?3 ,i came n to s5d peace1 b ! sword0#dab2 8,= !re %all be f h5ce=? five 9 "o h\se divid$3 ?ree aga9/ two1 & two aga9/ ?ree4 ,! fa!r %all be divid$ aga9/ ! son1 & ! son aga9/ ! fa!r1 ! "m aga9/ ! daught]1 & ! daught] aga9/ ! "m40#dac 8,he t is n ) me1 is aga9/ me3 & he t ga!re? n ) me1 scatt]e?40#dad #ad4 ,li/51 & 9 ?9e he>t engrave my words2 ,keep clos$ bo? eye & e> 'ga9/ prejudice2 ,( o!rs ! example fe>2 ?9k = ?yself4 ,lysis cont9ues1 9 ! "n ( ,py?agoras1 to trace = ! philosoph] ! c\rse t he mu/ foll[ 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 doctr9e1 :i* is ! ,purification4 ,aft] hav+ comm5d$ to him mod]ation & prud5ce 9 all ?+s1 hav+ exhort$ him to be z sl[ to c5sure z to approve1 he seeks to put him on gu>d aga9/ prejudices & ! r\t9e ( example1 :i* are1 9 reality1 ! greate/ ob/acles t are enc\nt]$ by sci5ce & tru?4 ,?is is :at ,bacon1 ! reg5]ator ( philosophy 9 mod]n ,europe1 s ke5ly felt1 z ,i h already cit$ ) praise at ! op5+ ( ?is "w4 ,?is excell5t obs]v]1 to :om we owe our fre$om f s*ola/ic lead+-/r+s ^: ignorance _h /ifl$ = u ! "n ( ,ari/otle1 hav+ =m$ ! difficult ent]prise ( dis5cumb]+ &1 z x 71 cle>+ ! air belong+ to ! human und]/&+1 9 ord] to put x 9 a condition to receive an edifice less b>b>\s1 rem>k$1 t "o w\ld nev] atta9 to e/abli%+ !re ! f\ndation ( true sci5ce1 if "o did n fir/ lab\r to set aside prejudices4#dae ,he display$ all 8 =ces aga9/ ^! =midable enemies ( human p]fectibility1 & if he did n ov]?r[ !m all1 at lea/ he indicat$ !m 9 su* a mann] z to make x easi] to recognize & de/roy !m4 ,! prejudices :i* obsess ! human und]/&+ & :i* he calls idols1 are1 accord+ to him1 ( f\r k9ds3 ^! are ! idols ( ! tribe2 ! idols ( ! d52 ! idols ( society2 & ! idols ( !ories4 ,! fir/ are inh]5t 9 human nature2 ! second are ^? ( ea* individual2 ! ?ird result f ! equivocal def9itions atta*$ to words2 ! f\r? & ! mo/ num]\s are ^? t man receives f 8 tea*]s & f ! doctr9es :i* are curr5t4#daf ,! la/ are ! mo/ t5aci\s & ! mo/ difficult to conqu]4 ,x seems ev5 impossible :olly to resi/ !m4 ,! man :o aspires to ! p]il\s glory ( improv+ ! human m9d1 f9ds himself plac$ betwe5 two =midable dang]s1 :i*1 l ^? ( ,sylla & ,*>ybdis1 ?reat5 alt]nately to break 8 frail b>k3 ^u "o is irresi/ible r\t9e1 ^u ! o!r pr\d innovation4 ,!re is dang] alike f bo? sides4 ,he c save himself only by fav\r ( ! gold5 mean1 s comm5d$ by all ! sages & s r>ely foll[$ ev5 by !m4 ,?is gold5 mean mu/ ne$s be v difficult to hold 9 ! c\rse ( life1 s9ce ,kong-,tse himself1 :o has made x all 8 /udy1 has lack$ x 9 ! mo/ important "p ( 8 doctr9e1 9 t conc]n+ human p]fectibility4 ,imbu$ unkn[+ly ) ! prejudices ( 8 nation1 he has se5 no?+ beyond ! doctr9e ( ! anci5ts & has n believ$ t any?+ might be add$ !reunto4#dag ,in/ead ( pu%+ ! m9d ( ! ,*9ese =w>d t[>d ! goal :]e nature unceas+ly t5ds1 :i* is ! p]fection ( all ?+s1 he has1 on ! contr>y1 ?r[n x backw>d &1 inspir+ x ) a fanatical respect = works ( ! pa/1 has prev5t$ x f m$itat+ ^u any?+ great = ! future4#dah ,filial piety itself1 pu%$1 to excess *ang$ to a bl9d imitation1 has also augm5t$ ! evil4 ,s t ! greate/ p ( ! _w1 ! ri*e/ 9 pr9ciples ( all k9ds1 n d>+ to draw f ^! same pr9ciples any developm5t1 ?r\gh fe> ( pr(an+ !m1 cont9ually on _! knees be=e a /]ile antiquity1 h rema9$ /ation>y1 :]eas all ar\nd is progression2 & = ne>ly f\r ?\s& ye>s h really n advanc$ a /ep m t[>ds ! civilization & p]fection ( ! arts & sci5ces4 ,! side on :i* ,bacon has dep>t$ f ! ju/e milieu has be5 precisely ! opposite f t :i* prev5t$ ,kong-,tse f rema9+ !re4 ,! ,*9ese !osophi/ _h be5 l$ a/ray by 8 excessive v5]ation = antiquity & ! ,engli% philosoph]1 by 8 pr(\nd disda9 = x4 ,w>n$ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ,ari/otle1 ,bacon has ext5d$ 8 prejudice to ev]y?+ t came f ! anci5ts4 ,reject+ 9 a mom5t ! lab\r ( ?irty c5turies & ! fruit ( ! m$itation ( ! greate/ g5iuses1 he has wi%$ to admit no?+ beyond :at exp]i5ce c\ld confirm 9 8 eyes4#dai ,logic to him has seem$ useless = ! inv5tion ( ! sci5ces4#dbj ,he has ab&on$ ! syllogism1 z an in/rum5t too gross to p5etrate ! dep?s ( nature4#dba ,he has ?\ght t x c\ld be ( no avail ei!r 9 expression ( words or 9 ! ideas :i* fl[ f x4#dbb ,he has believ$ ! ab/ract pr9ciples depriv$ ( all f\ndation2 & ) ! same h& ) :i* he fights ^! false ideas he has f\ght ! results ( ^! pr9ciples1 9 :i* he has un=tunately f\nd mu* less resi/ance4#dbc ,fill$ ) contempt = ! philosophy ( ! ,greeks1 he has d5i$ t x _h produc$ any?+ ei!r useful or good#dbd2 s t aft] hav+ bani%$ ! natural philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 :i* he call$ a jumble ( dialectic t]ms1#dbe he has se5 9 ! metaphysics ( ,plato only a dang]\s & deprav$ philosophy1 & 9 ! !osophy ( ,py?agoras only a gross & %ock+ sup]/ition4#dbf ,"h inde$ is a case ( return+ aga9 to ! idea ( ,basil1 & ( exclaim+ ) him1 t no man is )\t s94 ,kong-,tse has be5 unque/ionably "o ( ! greate/ m5 :o has hon\r$ ! e>?1 & ,bacon "o ( ! mo/ judici\s philosoph]s ( ,europe2 bo? h1 h[ev]1 committ$ grave mi/akes ^: effect is m or less felt by po/]ity3 ! =m]1 fill+ ! ,*9ese lit]ati ) an exagg]at$ respect = antiquity1 has made ( x an immobile & almo/ in]t mass1 t ,provid5ce1 9 ord] to obta9 c]ta9 necess>y movem5ts1 has _h to /rike _m times ) ! t]rible sc\rge ( revolutions2 ! latt]1 inspir+1 on ! contr>y1 a ?\ghtless contempt = ev]y?+ t came f ! anci5ts1 dem&+ ! pro( ( _! pr9ciples1 ! reason = _! dogmas1 subject+ all to ! light ( exp]i5ce1 has brok5 ! sci5tific body1 has depriv$ x ( unity1 & has trans=m$ ! assemblage ( ?9k]s into a tumultu\s an>*y f ^: irregul> movem5t has sprung en\gh viol5t /orms4 ,if ,bacon _h be5 able to effect 9 ,europe ! same influ5ce t ,kong-,tse _h effect$ 9 ,*9a1 he w\ld h drawn philosophy into mat]ialism & absolute empiricism4 ,happily ! rem$y is born ( ! evil itself4 ,! lack ( unity has tak5 away all =ce f ! an>*ical colossus4 ,ea* suppos+ to be 9 ! "r1 no "o 04 ,a hundr$ sy/ems rais$ "o ^u ! o!r cla%$ & 7 brok5 9 turn4 ,exp]i5ce1 invok$ by all p>ties1 has tak5 all col\rs & its oppos$ judgm5ts 7 self-de/ructive4 ,if1 aft] hav+ call$ att5tion to ! mi/akes ( ^! great m51 ,i d>$ to haz>d my op9ion ^u ! po9t :]e bo? ( !m h fail$1 ,i w\ld say t !y h confus$ ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ces ) _! developm5ts2 x mu/ be s1 by draw+ ! pr9ciples f ! pa/1 z ,kong-,tse2 by all[+ ! developm5ts to act ?r\gh\t ! future1 z ,bacon4 ,pr9ciples hold to ! ,necessity ( ?+s2 !y are immutable 9 !mselves2 f9ite1 inaccessible to ! s5ses1 !y are prov$ by reason3 _! developm5ts proce$ f ! p[] ( ! ,w2 ^! developm5ts are free1 indef9ite2 !y affect ! s5ses & are demon/rat$ by exp]i5ce4 ,nev] is ! developm5t ( a pr9ciple f9i%$ 9 ! pa/1 z ,kong-,tse believ$2 nev] is a pr9ciple creat$ 9 ! future1 z ,bacon imag9$4 ,! developm5t ( a pr9ciple produces ano!r pr9ciple1 b always 9 ! pa/2 & z soon z ?is new pr9ciple is laid d[n1 x is univ]sal & beyond ! rea* ( exp]i5ce4 ,man kn[s t ?is pr9ciple exi/s1 b he kn[s n h[4 ,if he knew1 he w\ld be able to create x at 8 pleasure2 :i* does n belong to 8 nature4 ,man develops1 p]fects1 or depraves1 b he creates no?+4 ,! sci5tific gold5 mean comm5d$ by ,py?agoras1 consi/s !re=e1 9 seiz+ ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ces :]e !y are & develop+ !m freely )\t be+ con/ra9$ or driv5 by any false ideas4 ,z to t :i* conc]ns morals1 x is =cibly en\gh express$ by all t has prec$$4 ,! man :o recognizes 8 dignity1 says ,hi]ocles1 is incapable ( be+ prejudic$ or s$uc$ by any?+4#dbg ,temp]ance & =ce are ! two incorruptible gu>dians ( ! s\l3 !y prev5t x f yield+ to ! allurem5ts ( ?+s pleas+ & be+ fright5$ by ! horrors ( ?+s dreadful4 ,dea? suff]$ 9 a good cause is illu/ri\s & glori\s4 #ae4 ,consult1 delib]ate1 & freely *oose4 ,9 expla9+ ?is l9e f a moral /&po9t z ,hi]ocles has done1 "o readily feels t to delib]ate & *oose 9 t :i* relates to moral conduct1 consi/s 9 seek+ = :at is good or evil 9 an action1 & 9 atta*+ oneself to x or flee+ f x1 )\t lett+ oneself be drawn along by ! lure ( pleasure or ! fe> ( pa94#dbh ,b if "o p5etrates /ill deep] into ! mean+ ( ?is l9e1 x is se5 t x proce$s f pr9ciples previ\sly laid d[n reg>d+ ! necessity ( ,de/9y & ! p[] ( ! ,w2 & t ,py?agoras neglect$ no opportunity = mak+ 8 disciples feel t1 al?\gh =c$ by ,de/9y to f9d !mselves 9 su* or su* a condition1 !y rema9$ free to weigh ! consequ5ces ( _! action1 & to decide !mselves ^u ! "p t !y ought to take4 ,! foll[+ l9es are1 z x 71 ! coroll>y ( 8 c\nsel4 #af4 ,let fools act aimlessly & )\t cause1 ,?\ %\ld/1 9 ! pres5t1 contemplate ! future4 ,t is to say1 ?\ %\ld/ consid] :at w be ! results ( su* or su* action & ?9k t ^! results1 dep5d5t ^u ?y w 7:ile ! action rema9s 9 susp5se & free1 :ile !y are yet to be born71 w become ! doma9 ( ,necessity ! v in/ant :5 ! action w be execut$1 & increas+ 9 ! pa/1 once !y %all h _h bir?1 w cop]ate 9 =m+ ! plan ( a new future4 ,i beg ! read]1 int]e/$ 9 ^! sorts ( comp>isons1 to reflect a mom5t ^u ! idea ( ,py?agoras4 ,he w f9d "h ! v]itable s\rce ( ! a/rological sci5ce ( ! anci5ts4 ,d\btless he is n ignorant ( :at an ext5d$ influ5ce ?is sci5ce ex]cis$ already ^u ! face ( ! globe4 ,! ,egyptians1 ,*aldeans1 ,phnicians1 did n sep>ate x f t :i* regulat$ ! cult ( ! gods4#dbi ,_! temples 7 b an abridg$ image ( ! ,univ]se1 & ! t[] :i* s]v$ z an obs]vatory 0 rais$ at ! side ( ! sacrificial alt>4 ,! ,p]uvians foll[$1 9 ?is respect1 ! same usages z ! ,greeks & ,romans4#dcj ,ev]y:]e ! gr& ,pontiff unit$ ! sci5ce ( g5e?lialogy or a/rology ) ! prie/hood1 & conceal$ ) c>e ! pr9ciples ( ?is sci5ce )9 ! prec9cts ( ! sanctu>y4#dca ,x 0 a ,secret ( ,/ate among ! ,etruscans & at ,rome1#dcb z x /ill is 9 ,*9a & ,japan4#dcc ,! ,brahmans did n confide its elem5ts except to ^? :om !y deem$ wor?y to be initiat$4#dcd ,= "o ne$ only lay aside an in/ant ! b&age ( prejudice to see t an ,univ]sal sci5ce1 l9k$ ?r\gh\t to :at m5 recognize z ! mo/ holy1 c n be ! product ( folly & /upidity1 z has be5 reit]at$ a hundr$ times by a ho/ ( morali/s4 ,all antiquity is c]ta9ly nei!r fooli% nor /upid1 & ! sci5ces x cultivat$ 7 support$ by pr9ciples :i*1 = u today1 be+ :olly unkn[n1 h none ! less exi/$4 ,py?agoras1 if we give att5tion "h1 reveal$ to u ^? ( g5e?lialogy & ( all ! sci5ces ( div9ation :i* relate !reunto4 ,let u obs]ve ?is closely4 ,! future is compos$ ( ! pa/t is to say1 t ! r\te t man trav]ses 9 "t1 & t he modifies by means ( ! p[] ( 8 w1 he has already trav]s$ & modifi$2 9 ! same mann]1 us+ a practical illu/ration1 t ! e>? describ+ its annual orbit ar\nd ! sun1 accord+ to ! mod]n sy/em1 trav]ses ! same spaces & sees unfold ar\nd x almo/ ! same aspects3 s t1 foll[+ anew a r\te t he has trac$ = himself1 man w\ld be able n only to recognize ! impr9ts ( 8 /eps1 b to =esee ! objects t he is ab\t to enc\nt]1 s9ce he has already se5 !m1 if 8 memory pres]v$ ! image1 & if ?is image 0 n effac$ by ! necess>y consequ5ce ( 8 nature & ! provid5tial laws :i* rule him4 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras z ,i h already reveal$4#dce ,x 0 t ( ! my/]ies & ( all ! sages ( antiquity4 ,orig51 :o has oppos$ x1 attributes x to ! ,egyptians1 to ! ,py?agoreans1 & to ! disciples ( ,plato4 ,x 0 conta9$ 9 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,*aldeans1 cit$ by ,syncellus1 "u ! title ( livres gniques4#dcf ,s5eca & ,synesius h support$ x z :olly 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ! initiations4#dcg ,:at ! anci5ts call$ ! great ye>1 0 a consequ5ce ( ?is doctr9e2 = x 0 taught 9 ! my/]ies1 t ! ,univ]se itself trav]s$1 aft] a sequ5ce ( incalculable c5turies1 ! same revolutions t x _h already trav]s$1 & br\ght ar\nd 9 ! va/ unfold+ ( its conc5tric sph]es1 z mu* = x z = ! worlds :i* compose x1 ! succession ( ! f\r ages1 ! duration ( :i*1 relative to ! nature ( ea* be+1 imm5se = ! ,univ]sal ,man1 is limit$ 9 ! individual to :at is call$ infancy1 y\?1 manhood1 & old age1 & is repres5t$ on ! e>? by ! fleet+ seasons ( spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 & w9t]4 ,?is great ye>1 ?us conceiv$1 has be5 common to all ! peoples ( ! e>?4#dch ,cic]o has pla9ly se5 t x con/itut$ ! v]itable basis ( g5e?lialogy or ! a/rological sci5ce4#dci ,inde$ if ! future is compos$ ( ! pa/t is1 a ?+ already made1 ^u :i* ! pres5t is gradually unfold$ z ^u ! circumf]5ce ( a circle :i* has nei!r beg9n+ nor end1 x is evid5t t "o c succe$1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 to recognize x1 :e!r by means ( remembrance1 by exam9+ 9 ! pa/1 ! picture ( ! :ole revolution2 or by means ( prevision c>ry+ ! moral sight1 m or less f>1 ^u ! r\te ?r\gh :i* ! ,univ]se is pass+4 ,^! two me?ods h grave disadvantages4 ,! fir/ appe>s ev5 impossible4 ,= :at is ! duration ( ! great ye>8 ,:at is ! imm5se p]iod1 :i*1 conta9+ ! circle ( all possible aspects & ( all correspond+ effects1 z ,cic]o supposes1 is able1 by obs]vations made & set d[n 9 ! g5e?liatic ar*ives1 to =esee1 at ! second revolution1 ! return ( ! ev5ts :i* 7 already l9k$ !re & :i* mu/ be reproduc$8#ddj ,plato exacts1 = ! p]fection ( ?is great ye>1 t ! movem5t ( ! fix$ />s1 :i* con/itutes :at we call ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 %\ld co9cide ) ! p>ticul> movem5t ( ! cele/ial bodies1 s z to br+ back ! heav5s to ! fix$ po9t ( its primitive position4#dda ,! ,brahmans c>ry ! greate/ duration ( ?is imm5se p]iod1 :i* !y "n ,kalpa1 to #d1cbj1jjj1jjj ( ye>s1 & its mean duration1 :i* !y "n ,maha-,y\g1 to #d1cbj1jjj4ddb ,! ,*9ese appe> to re/rict x to #dcb1jjj ye>s1#ddc & 9 ?is !y agree ) ! ,*aldeans2 b :5 "o r$uces x aga9 to a twelf? ( ?is numb]1 ) ! ,egyptians1 t is1 to ! sole revolution ( ! fix$ />s1 :i* !y made1 accord+ to ,hipp>*us1 #cf1jjj ye>s1 & :i* we make no m ?an #be1hfg1 accord+ to mod]n calculations1#ddd we feel inde$ t we w\ld be /ill v f> f hav+ a s]ies ( obs]vations capable ( mak+ u =esee ! return ( ! same ev5ts1 & t we c\ld n conceive ev51 h[ m5 c\ld ev] atta9 to its ma/]y4 ,z to ! second me?od1 :i* consi/s1 z ,i h said1 9 c>ry+ =w>d ! moral sight ^u ! r\te :i* "o has be=e him1 ,i h no ne$ to obs]ve t x c be only v conjectural & v unc]ta91 s9ce x dep5ds ^u a faculty :i* man has nev] possess$ except z a special fav\r ( ,provid5ce4 ,! pr9ciple by :i* x is claim$ t ! future is only a return ( ! pa/1 did n !re=e suffice to recognize ev5 ! plan ( x2 a second pr9ciple is necess>y1 & ?is pr9ciple1 op5ly ann\nc$ 9 ! ,gold5 ,v]ses1 z we %all see f>!r on1 0 t by :i* x 0 e/abli%$ t ,nature is ev]y:]e alike1 &1 consequ5tly1 t its action1 be+ uni=m 9 ! smalle/ sph]e z 9 ! greate/1 9 ! highe/ z 9 ! l[e/1 c be inf]r$ f bo?1 & pron\nc$ by analogy4 ,?is pr9ciple proce$$ f ! anci5t dogma conc]n+ ! animation ( ! ,univ]se1 z mu* 9 g5]al z 9 p>ticul>3 a dogma consecrat$ among all nations1 & foll[+ :i* x 0 taught t n only ! ,great ,all1 b ! innum]able worlds :i* are l its memb]s1 ! heav5s & ! heav5 ( heav5s1 ! />s & all ! be+s :o p !m ev5 to ! plants & metals1 are p5etrat$ by ! same ,s\l & mov$ by ! same ,_s4#dde ,/anley attributes ?is dogma to ! ,*aldeans1#ddf ,kir*] to ! ,egyptians1#ddg & ! wise ,rabbi ,maimonides traces x back to ! ,sabans4#ddh ,saumaise has attribut$ to !m ! orig9 ( a/rological sci5ce1#ddi & he is correct 9 "o po9t4 ,b ( :at use is x to consid] ! movem5t ( ! heav5s & ! respective position ( ! />s belong+ to ! same sph]e z ! e>?1 9 ord] to =m ! g5e?liatical !me ( ! empires ( nations1 cities1 & ev5 ( simple individuals1 & conclude f ! po9t ( dep>ture 9 ! temporal r\te ( exi/5ce1 ! aim ( ?is r\te & ! =tunate or un=tunate ev5ts ) :i* !y %\ld be s[n1 if "o _h n e/abli%$1 prim>ily1 t ?is r\te1 be+ only "s portion ( an exi/+ sph]e & already trav]s$1 x belong$ ?us to ! doma9 ( ,necessity & c\ld be kn[n2 &1 second>ily1 t ! analogical rapport rul+ betwe5 ! s5ti5t sph]e t "o exam9$ & ! intelligible sph]e t "o c\ld n p]ceive1 au?oriz$ draw+ inf]5ces f bo? & ev5 decid+ f ! g5]al to ! p>ticul>8 ,=1 believ+ t ! />s h an actual & direct influ5ce ^u ! de/9y ( peoples & ( m51 & t !y ev5 det]m9e ?is de/9y by _! good or evil aspects1 is an idea z false z ridicul\s1 born ( ! d>kness ( mod]n times1 & t is n f\nd among ! anci5ts1 ev5 among ! mo/ ignorant masses4 ,! g5e?liatical sci5ce is support$ by pr9ciples less absurd4 ,^! pr9ciples1 drawn f ! my/]ies1 71 z ,i h expla9$1 t ! future is a return ( ! pa/ & t nature is ev]y:]e ! same4 ,x is f ! union ( ^! two pr9ciples t result$ g5e?lialogy1 or ! sci5ce by :i* ! po9t ( dep>ture be+ kn[n 9 any sph]e :atev]1 !y believ$ !y _h discov]$1 by ! aspect & direction ( ! />s1 ! portion ( ?is sph]e :i* mu/ imm$iately foll[ ?is po9t4 ,b ?is union1 outside ( ! enorm\s difficulty t x pres5t$1 /ill involv$ 9 its execution v dang]\s consequ5ces4 ,?is is :y !y conceal$ 9 ! sanctu>ies ! sci5ce :i* 0 its object1 & made ( religion a secret & /ate affair4 ,! prevision ( ! future1 suppos+ x possible z ! anci5ts did1 is n1 9 effect1 a sci5ce t "o %\ld ab&on to ! vulg>1 :o1 be+ unable to acquire previ\sly ! le>n+ necess>y1 & hav+ b r>ely ! wisdom :i* regulates its use1 risk$ debas+ x1 or mak+ use ( x wrongfully4 ,fur!rmore1 ! pontiffs1 :o 7 9 sole *>ge1 initiat$ 9 ! great my/]ies & possess+ ! ensemble ( ! doctr9e1 knew v well t ! future1 su* ev5 z !y c\ld hope to und]/& x 9 ! p]fection ( ! sci5ce1 0 nev] aught b a d\btful future1 a sort ( canvas ^u :i* ! p[] ( ! ,w might ex]cise itself freely1 9 su* a mann] t1 al?\gh ! matt] might be det]m9$ be=eh&1 its =m 0 n1 & t su* an imm95t ev5t c\ld be susp5d$1 evad$1 or *ang$ by a cop]ation ( ! acts ( ! w1 inaccessible to all prevision4 ,?is is :at 0 said ) su* pr(\ndness by ,tiresias1 ! mo/ fam\s hi]ophant ( ,greece & :om ,hom] call$ ! only sage1#dej ^! words s (t5 quot$ & s little und]/ood3 8,:atev] ,i may see w come to pass1 or x w n come to pass0#dea2 t is to say1 ,! ev5t t ,i see is 9 ! necessity ( ,de/9y & x w come to pass1 unless x is *ang$ by ! p[] ( ! ,w2 9 :i* case x w n come to pass4 #ag4 ,t :i* ?\ do/ n "k1 pret5d n t ?\ do/4 ,in/ruct ?yself3 = "t & pati5ce fav\r all4 ,lysis has enclos$ 9 ^! two l9es ! summ>y ( ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras reg>d+ sci5ce3 accord+ to ?is philosoph]1 all sci5ce consi/s ( kn[+ h[ to di/+ui% :at "o does n "k & ( desir+ to le>n t ( :i* "o kn[s no?+4#deb ,socrates _h adopt$ ?is idea1 z simple z pr(\nd2 & ,plato has consecrat$ sev]al ( 8 dialogues to its developm5t4#dec ,b ! di/9ction betwe5 :at "o does n "k & ! desire to le>n t ( :i* "o is ignorant1 is a ?+ mu* r>] ?an "o imag9es4 ,x is ! gold5 mean ( sci5ce1 z difficult to possess z t ( virtue1 & )\t :i* x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to "k oneself4 ,=1 )\t k ( oneself1 h[ c "o acquire k ( o!rs8 ,h[ judge !m if "o _c be "o's own judge8 ,pursue ?is reason+4 ,x is evid5t t "o c "k only :at "o has le>n$ f o!rs1 or :at "o has f\nd f oneself3 9 ord] to h le>n$ f o!rs1 "o mu/ h wi%$ to receive lessons2 9 ord] to h f\nd1 "o mu/ h wi%$ to seek2 b "o _c reasonably desire to le>n or to seek only = :at "o believes "o does n "k4 ,if "o imposes ^u oneself ?is important po9t1 & if "o imag9es oneself kn[+ t ( :i* "o is ignorant1 "o mu/ judge x :olly useless to le>n or to seek1 & !n ignorance is incurable3 x is madness to /yle oneself doctor conc]n+ ?+s t "o has nei!r le>n$ nor s\ght aft]1 & ( :i* "o c consequ5tly h no k4 ,x is ,plato :o has made ?is irresi/ible reason+1 & :o has drawn ?is conclusion3 t all ! mi/akes t man commits come f t sort ( ignorance :i* makes him believe t he kn[s :at he does n "k4#ded ,f "t immemorial ?is sort ( ignorance has be5 q consid]able2 b ,i believe t x w nev] aga9 %[ itself to ! ext5t x did among u "s c5turies ago4 ,m5 h>dly free f ! mire ( b>b>ism1 )\t be+ giv5 ! "t ei!r to acquire or to seek aft] any true k ( antiquity1 h (f]$ !mselves boldly z its judges & h decl>$ t ! great m5 :o h made x illu/ri\s 7 ei!r ignorant1 impo/]s1 fanatics1 or fools4 ,"h1 ,i see musicians :o s]i\sly assure me t ! ,greeks 7 ru/ics 9 ! way ( music2 t all t c be said ( ! wond]s effect$ by ?is art is idle talk1 & t we h n a village fiddl] :o c\ld n produce z mu* effect z ,orpheus1 ,t]p&]1 or ,timo!us1 if he _h simil> auditors4#dee ,!re1 are ! critics :o tell me ) ! same phlegmatic air t ! ,greeks ( ! "t ( ,hom] knew nei!r h[ to read nor h[ to write2 t ?is poet himself1 assum+ t he really exi/$1 did n "k ! lett]s ( ! alphabet#def2 b t 8 exi/5ce is a fancy1#deg & t ! works attribut$ to him are ! crude productions ( c]ta9 plagi>i/ rhapsodi/s4#deh ,fur!r on ,i see1 to complete ! s+ul>ity1 a rese>* work] :o f9ds1 d\btless to ! support ( all ?is1 t ! fir/ editor ( ! poems ( ,hom]1 ! virile legislator ( ,sp>ta1 ,lycurgus 9 %ort1 0 a man ignorant & unlett]$1 kn[+ nei!r h[ to read nor write#dei3 q an orig9al idea & a comp>ison :olly biz>re1 betwe5 ! au?or & ! editor ( ! ,iliad6 ,b ?is is no?+4 ,"h is an ar*bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 :o1 animat$ by a righte\s indignation1 decl>$ t ,hom] may h be5 an in/rum5t ( ! devil1#dfj & t "o may be damn$ 9 read+ him4 ,t "o %rugs ! %\ld]s at ! allegories ( ?is poet1 t "o f9ds !m n 9 ! lea/ int]e/+1 t "o falls asleep ev51 let all t pass2 b to be damn$6 ,i h said t ,bacon1 drawn along un=tunately by t fatal prejudice :i* makes "o judge )\t und]/&+1 _h calumniat$ ! philosophy ( ! ,greeks2 8 num]\s disciples h ev5 surpass$ him ^u ?is po9t4 ,condillac1 ! coryphe ( mod]n empiricism1 has se5 9 ,plato only deliri\s metaphysics unwor?y ( occupy+ 8 "t1 & 9 ,z5o only logic depriv$ ( reason+ & pr9ciples4 ,i w\ld t ,condillac1 s great an amateur ( analysis1 _h endeav\r$ to analyse ! metaphysics ( ! "o & ! logic ( ! o!r1 to prove to me t he und]/ood at lea/ :at he f\nd s unwor?y ( tak+ up 8 "t2 b t 0 ! ?+ ab\t :i* he ?\ght ! lea/4 ,op5 :atev] book y w2 if ! au?ors are !ologians1 !y w say to y t ,socrates1 ,py?agoras1 ,zoroa/]1 ,kong-,tse or ,confucius1 z !y call him1 are pagans1#dfa ^: damnation is1 if n c]ta91 at lea/ v probable2 !y w treat _! !osophy ) ! mo/ pr(\nd contempt3 if !y are physici/s1 !y w assure y t ,?ales1 ,leucippus1 ,h]aclitus1 ,p>m5ides1 ,anaxagoras1 ,emp$ocles1 ,ari/otle1 & ! o!rs are mis]able dream]s2 !y w je] at _! sy/ems3 if !y are a/ronom]s1 !y w laugh at _! a/ronomy3 if !y are naturali/s1 *emi/s1 botani/s1 !y w make je/ ( _! me?ods1 & w take into consid]ation _! cr$ulity1 _! /upidity1 _! bad fai?1 ! num]\s wond]s t !y no long] und]/& 9 ,ari/otle & 9 ,pl9y4 ,none w take ! tr\ble to prove _! ass]tions2 b1 l p bl9d$ by passion & ignorance1 !y /ate z fact :at is 9 "q1 or putt+ _! own ideas 9 place ( ^? t !y d n und]/& !y w create phantoms = ! sake ( fight+ !m4 ,nev] go+ back to ! pr9ciples ( any?+1 /opp+ only at =ms1 adopt+ )\t exam9ation ! commone/ notions1 !y w commit on all sides ! same mi/ake t !y h committ$ ) respect to ! g5e?liatical sci5ce1 ! pr9ciples ( :i* ,i h %[n 9 my la/ ,exam9ation2 & conf\nd+ ?is sci5ce ( ! anci5ts ) ! a/rology ( ! mod]ns1 !y w consid] 9 ! same light ,tiresias & ,no/radamus1 & w see no diff]5ce betwe5 ! oracle ( ,ammon1 or ( ,delphi1 & ! lucky *ance ( ! mo/ paltry =tune-tell]4 ,h[ev]1 ,i d n pret5d to say t all ! mod]n savants indulge1 9 ?is same mann]1 9 presumption & false notions ) reg>d to antiquity2 !re h be5 _m hon\rable exceptions among !m3 ev5 ^? h be5 f\nd :o1 drawn beyond ! gold5 mean1 by ! necessity ( effect+ a useful re=m or ( e/abli%+ a new sy/em1 h return$ !re z soon z _! passion or _! int]e/ h no long] comm&$ !m4 ,su* = example is ,bacon1 to :om philosophy has ow$ en\gh great fav\rs to =get c]ta9 incid5tal prejudices2 = ,i am1 fur!rmore1 f> f attribut+ to him ! errors ( 8 disciples4 ,bacon1 at ! risk ( contradict+ himself1 yield+ to ! s5tim5t ( tru?1 al?\gh he subject$ all to ! light ( exp]i5ce1 admitt$1 h[ev]1 positive & real univ]sals1 :i*1 by 8 me?od are :olly inexplicable4#dfb ,=gett+ :at he _h said ( ,plato 9 "o book1 he decl>$ 9 ano!r3 t ?is philosoph]1 end[$ ) a sublime g5ius1 turn+ 8 att5tion ^u all nature & contemplat+ all ?+s f a l(ty elevation1 _h se5 v cle>ly1 9 8 doctr9e ( ideas1 :at ! v]itable objects ( sci5ce are4#dfc ,f9ally recogniz+ ! pr9ciples ( physics & ! ensemble ( ?+s z ! =emo/ to be consid]$1 he made a/rological sci5ce1 :i* he lik5$ to a/ronomy1 dep5d ^u x1 9 su* a mann] z to %[ t he did n conf\nd x ) vulg> a/rology4 ,?is philosoph] f\nd t be=e 8 "t1 a/ronomy1 well en\gh f\nd$ ^u ph5om5a1 utt]ly lack$ s\ndness1 & t a/rology _h lo/ its true pr9ciples4 ,to be sure he agre$ ) a/ronomy pres5t+ ! ext]ior ( cele/ial ph5om5a1 t is to say1 ! numb]1 situation1 movem5t1 & p]iods ( ! />s2 b he accus$ x ( lack+ 9 und]/&+ ( ! physical reasons ( ^! ph5om5a4 ,he believ$ t a s+le !ory :i* cont5ts itself ) appe>ances is a v easy ?+1 & t "o c imag9e an inf9ity ( speculations ( ?is sort2 also he wi%$ t ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy might be fur!r advanc$4 ,in/ead ( reveal+ ! reasons ( cele/ial ph5om5a he said1 "o is occupi$ only ) obs]vations & ma!matical demon/rations2 = ^! obs]vations & ^! demon/rations c inde$ furni% c]ta9 +5i\s hypo!ses to settle all t 9 "o's m9d1 & to make an idea ( ?is assemblage1 b n to "k precisely h[ & :y all ?is is actually 9 nature3 !y indicate1 at ! mo/1 ! app>5t movem5ts1 ! artificial assemblage1 ! arbitr>y comb9ation ( all ^! ph5om5a1 b n ! v]itable causes & ! reality ( ?+s3 & z to ?is subject he cont9ues1 x is ) v little judgm5t t a/ronomy is rank$ among ! ma!matical sci5ces2 ?is classification d]ogates f its dignity4#dfd ,reg>d+ a/rological sci5ce1 ,bacon wi%$ t x might be reg5]at$ completely by br++ x back to its real pr9ciples1 t is to say1 t "o %\ld reject all t ! vulg> _h add$ !reto1 bo? n>r[ & sup]/iti\s1 pres]v+ only ! gr& revolutions ( ! anci5ts4 ,^! ideas1 z is q obvi\s1 are n at all 9 accord ) ^? t 8 disciples h adopt$ s9ce2 also ! great] "p ( !m refra9 f cit+ simil> passages4 #ah4 ,neglect n ?y heal? ''' ,i _h at fir/ ! int5tion ( mak+ "h "s allusion to ! mann] 9 :i* ,py?agoras & ! anci5t sages consid]$ m$ic9e2 & ,i _h wi%$ to reveal _! pr9ciples1 q diff]5t f ^? ( ! mod]ns2 b ,i h realiz$ t an object s important requires developm5ts t ?is "w w\ld n all[ & ,i h left !m = a "t m opportune1 & = a "w m suitable4 ,moreov] ! l9e ( ,lysis has no ne$ ( explanation2 x is cle>4 ,?is philosoph] comm5ds ea* "o to gu>d 8 heal?1 to keep x by temp]ance & mod]ation1 & if x becomes impair$1 to put himself 9 condition ( n confid+ to ano!r ! c>e ( its re-e/abli%m5t4 ,?is precept 0 suffici5tly und]/ood by ! anci5ts = x to h become a sort ( prov]b4 ,! ,emp]or ,tib]ius1 :o made x a rule ( conduct1 said t a man ( ?irty ye>s or m :o call$ or ev5 consult$ a physician 0 an ignoramus4#dfe ,x is true t ,tib]ius did n add to ! precept ! ex]cise ( ! temp]ance t ,lysis did n =get to comm5d 9 ! foll[+ l9es1 also he liv$ only sev5ty-eight ye>s1 not)/&+ ! /r5g? ( 8 con/itution promis$ him a mu* long] life4 ,hippocrates ( ,cos1 ! fa!r ( m$ic9e 9 ,greece & /rongly atta*$ to ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras1 liv$ "o hundr$ & f\r ye>s2 ,x5ophile1 ,apollonius1 ,tyanu1 ,demonax1 & _m o!r ,py?agorean philosoph]s liv$ to "o hundr$ & six & "o-hundr$ & t5 ye>s2 & ,py?agoras himself1 al?\gh viol5tly p]secut$ t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 atta9$ to ne>ly n9ety-n9e ye>s accord+ to "s & ev5 to ! c5tury m>k accord+ to o!rs4#dff #ai4 ''' ,disp5se ) mod]ation1 ,food to ! body1 & to ! m9d repose1 ,! body1 be+ ! in/rum5t ( ! s\l1 ,py?agoras desir$ t "o %\ld take reasonable & necess>y c>e ( x 9 ord] to hold x always 9 condition to execute ! behe/s ( ! s\l4 ,he reg>d$ its pres]vation z a "p ( ! purgative virtue4#dfg #bj4 ,too mu* att5tion or too little %un2 = envy ,?us1 to ei!r excess is alike atta*$4 ,! philosoph]1 firm 9 8 pr9ciple ( ju/e milieu1 wi%$ t 8 disciples %\ld avoid excess 9 all ?+s1 & t !y %\ld n draw att5tion to !mselves by an unusual way ( liv+4 ,x 0 a widespread op9ion among ! anci5ts1 t envy1 %ameful = ! "o :o felt x & dang]\s = ! "o :o inspir$ x1 _h fatal consequ5ces = bo?4#dfh ,= envy is atta*$ to all t t5ds to di/+ui% m5 too o/5sibly4 ,?us1 not)/&+ all t has be5 publi%$ ( ! extraord9>y rules & sev]e ab/95ces t ,py?agoras impos$ ^u 8 disciples & t he made !m obs]ve1 x appe>s indubitable t !y 7 only e/abli%$ aft] 8 dea?1 & t 8 int]pret]s1 be+ deceiv$ reg>d+ ! my/]i\s mean+ ( ^! symbols1 take 9 ! lit]al s5se1 :at he _h said 9 ! figurative4 ,! philosoph] blam$ only ! excess1 & p]mitt$ besides1 a mod]ate usage ( all ! foods to :i* m5 7 accu/om$4 ,ev5 ! beans1 = :i* 8 disciples lat] conceiv$ s mu* abhorr5ce1 7 eat5 frequ5tly4#dfi ,he did n =bid absolutely ei!r w9e1 or meat1 or ev5 fi%1 :atev] may h be5 ass]t$ at diff]5t times#dgj2 ?\gh1 inde$1 ^? ( 8 disciples :o aspir$ to ! highe/ p]fection ab/a9$ f !m#dga2 he repres5t$ drunk5ness & intemp]ance only z odi\s vices t %\ld be avoid$4#dgb ,he _h no scruples ab\t dr9k+ a little w9e himself1 & ( ta/+ ! meats set be=e him at table1#dgc 9 ord] to %[ t he did n reg>d !m z impure1 not)/&+ he pref]r$ ! vegetable rgime to all o!rs & t1 = ! mo/ "p1 he re/rict$ himself to x f *oice4#dgd ,fur!r on ,i w return to ! my/ic mean+ ( ! symbols1 by :i* he _h ! appe>ance ( =bidd+ ! use ( c]ta9 foods & above all beans4 #ba4 ,luxury & av>ice h simil> results4 ,"o mu/ *oose 9 all ?+s a mean j & good4 ,lysis t]m9ates ! purgative "p ( ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras ) ! trait :i* *>act]izes x 9 g5]al & 9 p>ticul>2 he has %[n ! gold5 mean 9 virtue & 9 sci5ce2 he has comm5d$ x 9 conduct1 he /ates 9 full & says op5ly t extremes meet2 t luxury & av>ice diff] n 9 _! effects1 & t philosophy consi/s 9 avoid+ excess 9 ev]y?+4 ,hi]ocles adds t1 to be happy1 "o mu/ "k h[1 :]e1 :51 & h[ mu* to take2 & t he :o is ignorant ( ^! j limits is always unhappy & he proves x z foll[s3 ,voluptu\sness he said is necess>ily ! effect ( an action3 n[1 if ! action is good ! voluptu\sness rema9s2 if x is evil ! voluptu\sness passes & is corrupt$4 ,:5 "o does a %ameful ?+ ) pleasure1 ! pleasure passes & ! %ame rema9s4 ,:5 "o does an excell5t ?+ ) great tr\ble & lab\r ! pa9 passes & ! excell5ce alone rema9s4 ,:5ce x foll[s necess>ily1 t ! evil life is also bitt] & produces z mu* sorr[ & *agr9 z ! good life is sweet & procures joy & cont5tm5t4#dge 8,z ! flame ( a tor* t5ds always upw>d :i*ev] way "o turns x10 said ! ,indian sages1 8?us ! man ^: he>t is afire ) virtue1 :atev] accid5t befalls him1 directs himself always t[>d ! end t wisdom indicates40#dgf 8,mis=tune foll[s vice1 & happ9ess virtue10 said ! ,*9ese1 8z ! e*o foll[s ! voice & ! %ad[ him :o moves40#dgg ,o virtue6 div9e virtue6 exclaims ,kong-,tse#dgh a cele/ial p[] pres5ts !e to u1 an int]ior =ce conducts u t[>d !e2 happy ! mortal 9 :om ?\ dwelle/6 he /rikes ! goal )\t ef=t1 a s+le glance suffices = him to p5etrate ! tru?4 ,8 he>t becomes ! sanctu>y ( peace & 8 v incl9ations protect 8 innoc5ce4 ,x is grant$ to ! sage only1 to atta9 to s desirable a /ate4 ,he :o aspires to ?is mu/ resolve ^u ! good & atta* himself /rongly to x2 he mu/ apply himself to ! /udy ( himself1 int]rogate nature1 exam9e all ?+s c>efully1 m$itate ^u !m & all[ no?+ to pass unfa?om$4 ,let him develop ! faculties ( 8 s\l1 let him ?9k ) =ce1 let him put en]gy & firmness into 8 actions4 ,alas6 h[ _m m5 !re are :o seek virtue & sci5ce1 & :o /op 9 ! middle ( _! c\rse1 because ! goal keeps !m wait+6 ,my /udies1 !y say1 leave me ) all my ignorance1 all my d\bts2 my ef=ts1 my lab\rs enl>ge nei!r my views nor my sagacity2 ! same cl\ds hov] ov] my und]/&+ & obscure x2 ,i feel my =ces ab&on+ me & my w giv+ way b5ea? ! weight ( ! ob/acle4 ,no matt]2 gu>d y\rself aga9/ disc\ragem5t2 t :i* o!rs h be5 able to atta9 at ! fir/ attempt1 y may be able at ! hundr$?2 t :i* !y h done at ! hundr$?1 y w d at ! ?\s&?4#dgi ,,p]fection #bb4 ,let n sleep e'er close ?y tir$ eyes1 ,)\t ?\ ask ?yself2 ,:at h ,i omitt$1 & :at done8 ,lysis1 aft] hav+ indicat$ ! r\te by :i* ,py?agoras conduct$ 8 disciples to virtue1 goes on to tea* !m ! use t ?is philosoph] wi%$ !m to make ( ?is cele/ial gift1 once !y _h ma/]$ x4 ,up to ?is po9t x is conf9$ 9 ! purgative "p ( ! doctr9e ( 8 tea*]2 he n[ passes to ! unitive "p1 t is to say1 to t :i* has z object ! unit+ ( man to ! ,div9ity1 by r5d]+ him m & m l unto ! model ( all p]fection & ( all wisdom1 :i* is ,god4 ,! sole in/rum5t capable ( op]at+ ?is union has be5 plac$ at 8 disposition by means ( ! good usage t he has made ( 8 w3 x is virtue :i* mu/ s]ve him at pres5t to atta9 tru?4 ,n[1 ,tru? is ! ultimate goal ( p]fection3 !re is no?+ beyond x & no?+ ?is side ( x b error2 light spr+s f x2 x is ! s\l ( ,god1 accord+ to ,py?agoras1#dhj & ,god himself1 accord+ to ! legislator ( ! ,indians4#dha ,! fir/ precept t ,py?agoras gave to 8 disciples on ent]+ ! c\rse ( p]fection t5d$ to turn _! ?\ghts ^u !mselves1 to br+ !m to int]rogate _! actions1 _! ?\ghts1 _! disc\rse1 to "q ! motives1 to reflect 9 %ort ^u _! ext]ior movem5ts & seek ?us to "k !mselves4 ,k ( self 0 ! mo/ important k ( all1 t :i* mu/ conduct !m to all o!rs4 ,i w n we>y my read]s by add+ any?+ to :at ,i h already said p]ta9+ to ! importance ( ?is k1 & ! extreme value set ^u x by ! anci5ts4 ,!y "k unque/ionably t ! morals ( ,socrates & ! philosophy ( ,plato 7 only ! developm5t ( x & t an inscription 9 ! temple ( ,greece1 t ( ,delphi1 comm5d$ x1 aft] t ( ! gold5 mean1 z ! v tea*+ ( ! ,god :om !y wor%ipp$ !re#dhb3 ,no?+ 9 excess1 & "k ,?yself1 conta9$ 9 few words ! doctr9e ( ! sages1 & pres5t$ = _! m$itation ! pr9ciples ^u :i* repos$ virtue & wisdom :i* is its consequ5ce4 ,no?+ fur!r 0 necess>y to electrify ! s\l ( ,h]aclitus & to develop ! g]ms ( g5ius1 :i* until ! mom5t :5 he read ^! two s5t5ces 7 buri$ 9 a cold in]tia4 ,i w n pause !re=e to prove ! necessity ( a k )\t :i* all o!r is b d\bt & presumption4 ,i w only exam9e1 9 a brief digression1 if ?is k is possible4 ,plato1 z ,i h said1 made ! :ole edifice ( 8 doctr9e re/ ^u x2 he taught1 accord+ to ,socrates1 t ignorance ( "o's self involves all ignorance1 all mi/akes1 all vices1 & all mis=tunes2 :]eas k ( "o's self1 on ! contr>y1 draws all virtue & all goodness#dhc3 s t x _c be d\bt$ t ?is k might be consid]$ possible1 s9ce its impossibility m]ely que/ion$ w\ld r5d] its sy/em null & void4 ,h[ev]1 z ,socrates _h said t he knew no?+1 9 ord] to di/+ui% himself f ! sophi/s ( 8 day :o pret5d$ to "k ev]y?+2 z ,plato _h con/antly us$ 9 8 tea*+s t sort ( dialectic :i*1 proce$+ t[>d tru? by d\bt1 consi/s 9 def9+ ?+s = :at !y are1 kn[+ _! ess5ce1 di/+ui%+ ^? :i* are real f ^? :i* are only illusory2 & above all z ! fav\rite maxim ( ^! two philosoph]s _h be5 t x 0 necess>y to r5\nce all mann] ( prejudices1 n pret5d+ to "k t ( :i* "o is ignorant1 & giv+ ass5t only to cle> & evid5t tru?s2 x came to pass t ! disciples ( ^! great m51 hav+ lo/ sight ( ! real _s ( _! doctr9e1 took ! means = ! end2 & imag9+ t ! p]fection ( wisdom 0 9 ! d\bt :i* leads to x1 e/abli%$ z fundam5tal maxim1 t ! wise man ought nei!r to affirm nor d5y any?+2 b to hold 8 ass5t susp5d$ betwe5 ! pro & con ( ea* ?+4#dhd ,arcesilaus1 :o decl>$ himself ! *ief ( ?is revolution1 0 a man ( va/ intellect1 end[$ ) mu* physical & moral means1 an impos+ pres5ce1 & v eloqu5t1#dhe b imbu$ ) t secret t]ror :i* prev5ts conc5trat+ ^u ! ?+s t "o reg>ds z sacr$ & =bidd52 audaci\s & almo/ impi\s to all outw>d appe>ance1 he 01 9 reality1 timid & sup]/iti\s4#dhf ,impress$ ) ! inadequacy ( 8 rese>*es to discov] ! c]ta9ty ( c]ta9 pr9ciples1 8 vanity _h p]suad$ him t ?is c]ta9ty 0 undiscov]able1 s9ce he1 ,arcesilaus1 did n f9d x2 & 8 sup]/ition act+ 9 accord ) 8 vanity1 he f9ally believ$ t ! ignorance ( man is an effect ( ! w ( ,god2 & t1 accord+ to ! mean+ ( a passage f ,hesiod t he cit$ unceas+ly1 ! ,div9ity has spread an imp5etrable veil betwe5 x & ! human und]/&+4#dhg ,also he nam$ ! effect ( ?is ignorance1 ,acatalepsy1 t is to say incompreh5sibility1 or impossibility to raise ! veil4#dhh ,8 disciples 9 great numb]s adopt$ ?is incompreh5sibility & appli$ x to all sorts ( subjects2 n[ d5y+1 !n affirm+ ! same ?+2 plac+ a pr9ciple1 & ov]?r[+ x ! next mom5t2 becom+ entangl$ !mselves 9 capti\s argum5ts 9 ord] to prove t !y knew no?+1 & mak+ = !mselves ! calamit\s glory ( ignor+ good & evil1 & ( be+ unable to di/+ui% virtue f vice4#dhi ,dismal effect ( an e>ly error6 ,arcesilaus became ! conv9c+ pro( ( :at ,i h repeat$ t\*+ ! gold5 mean & ! similitude ( extremes3 once hav+ left ! pa? ( tru?1 he became ?r\gh weakness & ?r\gh sup]/ition ! head ( a cr[d ( audaci\s a!i/s1 :o1 aft] hav+ call$ 9 "q ! pr9ciples ^u :i* logic & morals repose1 plac$ !re ^? ( religion & ov]?rew !m4 ,va9ly he essay$ to arre/ ! movem5t ( :i* he _h be5 ! cause by e/abli%+ two doctr9es3 ! "o public1 :]e9 he taught skepticism2 ! o!r secret1 :]e9 he ma9ta9$ dogmatism#dij3 ! "t 0 no long] fav\rable = ?is di/9ction4 ,all t he ga9$ 0 to let ano!r usurp ! glory & to give 8 "n to ! new sect ( d\bt]s4 ,x 0 ,pyrrho :o _h ?is hon\r4 ,?is man1 ( a "* z firm z impassive1 to :om liv+ or dy+ 0 a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 :o pref]r$ no?+ to some?+1 :om a precipice op5+ b5ea? 8 feet w\ld be unable to sw]ve f 8 pa?1 ga!r$ "u 8 col\rs all ^? :o made a philosophical pr(ession ( d\bt+ ev]y?+1 ( recogniz+ n[h]e ! "* ( tru?1 & he gave !m a sort ( doctr9e :]e9 wisdom 0 plac$ 9 ! mo/ complete unc]ta9ty1 felicity 9 ! mo/ absolute in]tia1 & g5ius 9 ! art ( /ifl+ all k9ds ( g5ius by ! accumulation ( contradictory reason+s4#dia ,pyrrho _h mu* contempt = m51 z 0 obvi\s f ! doctr9e :i* he gave !m4 ,he _h con/antly on 8 lips ?is l9e ( ,hom]3 8,ev5 z are ! g5]ations ( leaves su* are ^? likewise ( m540#dib ,i pause a mom5t "h1 9 ord] t ! read] may obs]ve1 t al?\gh ! ?\ght ( ,hesiod1 conc]n+ ! veil t ! gods _h spread betwe5 !m & m51 & :i* gave rise to ,arcesilaus e/abli%+ 8 acatalepsy1 _h orig9at$ 9 ,india1#dic x _h nev] _h ! same results !re2 & ?is1 because ! ,brahmans1 9 tea*+ t ?is veil exi/$ & t x ev5 bewild]$ ! vulg> by a s]ies ( illusory ph5om5a1 h nev] said t x 0 impossible to raise x2 because ?is might h be5 an attack on ! p[] ( ! w ( man & its p]fectibility1 to :i* !y put no limit4 ,we %all see fur!r on t su* 0 also ! idea ( ,py?agoras4 ,let u return to ! ,skeptics4 ,! writ] to :om we owe a comp>ative hi/ory ( ! sy/ems ( philosophy1 writt5 ) ?\ght & imp>tiality1 has felt ke5ly t skepticism ought to be consid]$ "u two relations3 z skepticism ( criticism & re=m1 necess>y to correct ! presumption ( ! human m9d & to de/roy its prejudices2 z skepticism absolute & det]m9$1 :i* conf\nds 9 a common proscription bo? tru? & error4#did ,! fir/1 ( :i* ,socrates gave ! example1 & :i* ,bacon & ,desc>tes h reviv$1 is a sort ( intellectual rem$y t ,provid5ce prep>es = heal+ "o ( ! mo/ fatal maladies ( ! human m9d1 t k9d ( presumptu\s ignorance :i* makes "o believe t he kn[s t :i* he does n "k3 ! second1 :i* is only ! excess & abuse ( ! fir/1 is ?is same rem$y trans=m$ into poison by an ab]ration ( ! human reason :i* transports x beyond ! circum/ances :i* invoke its action1 & employs x to dev\r itself & to exhau/ 9 _! s\rce all ! causes :i* coop]ate 9 ! progress ( human und]/&+4#die ,arcesilaus 0 ! fir/ to introduce x into ! ,academy by exagg]at+ ! maxims ( ,socrates1 & ,pyrrho made a special sy/em ( de/ruction 9 x1 "u ! "n ( ,pyrrhonism4 ,?is sy/em1 welcom$ 9 ,greece1 soon infect$ x ) its v5om1 not)/&+ ! vigor\s resi/ance ( ,z5o ! ,/oic1 :om ,provid5ce _h rais$ up to oppose its ravages4#dif ,c>ri$ to ,rome by ,c>neades1 ! head ( ! ?ird academy1 x al>m$ ) its maxims subv]sive ( public morals1 ,cato ! ,c5sor1 :o conf\nd+ x ) philosophy conceiv$ = x an implacable hatr$4#dig ,?is rigid republican1 he>+ ,c>neades speak aga9/ ju/ice1 d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( virtues1 attack+ ! ,div9e ,provid5ce1 & que/ion+ ! fundam5tal v]ities ( religion1 held 9 contempt a sci5ce :i* c\ld br+ =? su* argum5ts4#dih ,he urg$ ! return ( ! ,greek philosophy1 s t ! ,roman y\? might n be imbu$ ) its errors2 b ! evil 0 done4 ,! de/ructive g]ms t ,c>neades _h left1 f]m5t$ secretly 9 ! he>t ( ! ,/ate1 develop$ "u ! fir/ fav\rable conditions1 increas$ & produc$ at la/ t =midable colossus1 :i*1 aft] tak+ possession ( ! public m9d1 hav+ obscur$ ! mo/ enlight5$ ideas ( good & evil1 annihilat$ religion1 & deliv]$ ! ,republic to disord]1 civil w>s1 & de/ruction2 & rais+ itself aga9 ) ! ,roman ,empire1 )]+ ! pr9ciples ( ! life x _h receiv$1 necessitat$ ! in/itution ( a new cult & ?us 0 expos$ to ! incursion ( =eign errors & ! arms ( ! b>b>ians4 ,?is colossus1 victim ( its own fury1 aft] hav+ torn & dev\r$ itself 0 buri$ b5ea? ! %ams t x _h heap$ up2 ,ignorance seat$ ^u its dbris gov]n$ ,europe1 until ,bacon & ,desc>tes came & resuscitat+1 z mu* z 0 possible = !m ! ,socratic skepticism1 endeav\r$ by its means to turn m9ds t[>d ! rese>* ( tru?4 ,b !y might n h done s well1 _h !y n also awak5$ c]ta9 remnants ( ,pyrrhonic skepticism1 :i*1 be+ su/a9$ ) _! passions & _! prejudices1 soon result$ 9 bewild]+ _! disciples4 ,?is new skepticism1 nave 9 ,montaigne1 dogmatic 9 ,hobbes1 disguis$ 9 ,locke1 ma/]ly 9 ,bayle1 p>adoxical b s$uctive 9 ! great] numb] ( ! eighte5?-c5tury writ]s1 hidd5 n[ b5ea? ! surface ( :at is call$ ,exp]im5tal philosophy1 lures ! m9d on t[>d a sort ( empirical r\t9e1 & unceas+ly d5y+ ! pa/1 disc\rag+ ! future1 aims by all k9ds ( means to ret>d ! progress ( ! human m9d4 ,x is no m ev5 ! "* ( tru?2 & ! pro( ( ?is "* t ! mod]n skeptics dem& ad inf9itum1#dii is ! demon/ration ( ! v possibility ( und]/&+ ?is "* & ( prov+ x3 a new subtlety t !y h d$uc$ f ! unfruitful ef=ts t c]ta9 ?9k]s h made rec5tly 9 ,g]many1 to give to ! possibility ( ! k ( self1 a basis :i* !y h n giv54 ,i w relate 9 my next ,exam9ation1 :at has h9d]$ ^! savants f f9d+ ?is basis4 ,i mu/1 be=e t]m9at+ ?is "o1 %[ to my read]s h[ ,i believe "o c di/+ui% ! two k9ds ( skepticism ( :i* ,i h j spok54 ,a simple "q put to a skeptic philosoph] w indicate :e!r he belongs to ! s*ool ( ,socrates or ,pyrrho4 ,he mu/ be=e ent]+ into any discussion reply cle>ly to ?is dem&3 ,d y admit ( any diff]5ce :atev] betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n8 ,if ! skeptic belongs to ! s*ool ( ,socrates1 he w necess>ily admit a diff]5ce & he w expla9 x1 :i* w make him recogniz$ at once4 ,if on ! contr>y1 he belongs to t ( ,pyrrho1 he w respond 9 "o ( ?ree ways3 ei!r t he admits a diff]5ce1 or t he admits none1 or t he does n "k :e!r "o exi/s4 ,if he admits x )\t expla9+ x1 he is beat52 if he does n admit x1 he falls into absurdity2 if he pret5ds n to di/+ui% x1 he becomes fooli% & ridicul\s4 ,he is beat51 if he admits a diff]5ce betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n2 because t diff]5ce1 admitt$1 proves ! exi/5ce ( be+2 ! exi/5ce ( be+ proves t ( ! skeptic :o replies2 & t exi/5ce prov$1 proves all ! o!rs1 :e!r "o consid]s !m 9 him1 or outside ( him1 :i* is ! same ?+ = ! mom5t4 ,he falls into absurdity1 if he does n admit any diff]5ce betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n1 = !n "o c prove to him t #a is equal to #j1 & t ! "p is z great z ! :ole4 ,he becomes fooli% & ridicul\s1 if he d>es to say t he does n "k :e!r a diff]5ce really exi/s betwe5 t :i* is1 & t :i* is n2 = !n "o asks him :at he did at ! age ( six mon?s1 at "o ye>1 two ye>s1 two weeks ago1 ye/]day8 ,:atev] he replies1 he w become ! object ( ridicule4 ,behold ! ,pyrrhonian beat51 t is to say1 ! "o :o pr(esses to d\bt ev]y?+2 s9ce a s+le ackn[l$g$ diff]5ce br++ him irresi/ibly to a c]ta9ty1 & s9ce "o c]ta9ty militates aga9/ all ! o!rs1 !re is no fur!r d\bt2 & s9ce1 d\bt+ no fur!r1 x is only a "q !n ( kn[+ :at he ought1 or ought n to d\bt3 ?is is ! true "* ( ! skeptic ( ! ,socratic ,s*ool4 #bc4 ,ab/a9 ?\ if 'tis evil2 p]sev]e if good4 ,b al?\gh "o may br+ ! absolute skeptic to agree t a diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil c inde$ exi/1 z he is =c$ to agree t "o does exi/ betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n1 j z ,i h demon/rat$ 9 my prec$+ ,exam9ation2 w\ld he n be "r 9 say+1 t to "k 9 g5]al1 t good & evil c diff] & consequ5tly exi/ sep>ately1 does n prev5t conf\nd+ !m 9 p>ticul>2 & t he c d\bt t man may be able to make ! di/9ction1 until "o may h prov$ to him t n alone _! k1 b t "s sort ( k is possible8 ,assur$ly1 ?is is pu%+ d\bt v f>4 ,"o c\ld disp5se ) reply+ to ?is1 s9ce ! skeptic already int]rogat$ conc]n+ ! diff]5ce exi/+ betwe5 :at is & :at is n has be5 =c$ to admit x & to acquire ?us "s sort ( k ( be+2 b let u =get ?is1 9 ord] to exam9e :y ! savants ( ,g]many h inadequately remov$ a difficulty :i* !y h impos$ ^u !mselves4 ,x is ,kant1 "o ( ! able/ m9ds t ,europe has produc$ s9ce ! ext9ction ( le>n+1 :o1 resolv$ to t]m9ate ) a s+le bl[ ! /ruggle spr++ up unceas+ly betwe5 dogmatism & skepticism1 has be5 ! fir/ to =m ! bold project ( creat+ a sci5ce :i* %\ld det]m9e1 a priori1 ! possibility1 ! pr9ciples1 & ! limits ( all k4#ejj ,?is sci5ce1 :i* he nam$ ,critical ,philosophy1 or me?od ( judgm5t1#eja he has develop$ 9 sev]al works ( consid]able l5g? & v difficult ( compreh5sion4 ,i d n int5d "h to make an explanation ( ?is sci5ce2 = ?is lab\r1 out ( place 9 ^! ,exam9ations1 w\ld c>ry me too f>4 ,my int5tion is only to %[ ! po9t :]e9 x has giv5 way1 & h[ x has furni%$ new weapons = ! skeptics1 9 n hold+ well to ! promise t x _h made ( det]m9+ ! pr9ciple ( k4 ,!re=e1 ,i w suppose ! doctr9e ( ,kant und]/ood or p>tially s4 ,sev]al works1 circulat$ some:at ext5sively 9 ,france1 h unravell$ x suffici5tly to ! savants4#ejb ,i w only say :at ! au?ors ( ^! works h be5 unable to say1 & ?is w be ! g5]al result ( ! impression t ! /udy ( ?is doctr9e has made ^u me3 x is t ,kant1 :o pret5ds to f\nd all 8 doctr9e ^u pr9ciples1 a priori1 ab/raction be+ made ( all ! und]ly+ notions ( exp]i5ce1 & :o1 ris+ into an ideal sph]e !re to consid] reason 9 an absolute way1 indep5d5t ( its effects s z to d$uce f x a !ory transc5d5tal & purely intelligible1 conc]n+ ! pr9ciple ( k1 has done precisely ! opposite f :at he wi%$ to d2 = n f9d+ :at he s\ght1 he has f\nd :at he has n s\ght1 t is to say1 ! ess5ce ( matt]4 ,let ! disciples ( ?is philosophy give att5tion to :at ,i say4 ,i h kn[n sev]al sy/ems ( philosophy & ,i h put consid]able =ce into p5etrat+ !m2 b ,i c affirm t !re exi/s n a s+le "o ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 :]e9 ! primitive matt] ( :i* ! ,univ]se is compos$ may be *>act]iz$ by traits z /rik+ z 9 t ( ,kant4 ,i believe x impossible ei!r to und]/& x bett] or to depict x bett]4 ,he uses nei!r figures1 nor symbols2 he tells :at he sees ) a c&\r :i* w\ld h be5 appall+ to ,py?agoras & ,plato2 = :at ! ,ko5igsb]g pr(essor advances conc]n+ bo? ! exi/5ce & ! non-exi/5ce ( ?is matt]1#ejc & ( its intuitive reality1 & ( its ph5om5al illusion1 & ( its ess5tial =ms1 "t & space1 & ( ! lab\r t ! m9d ex]cises ^u ?is equivocal be+1 :i*1 always be+ eng5d]$1 nev]1 h[ev]1 exi/s2 all ?is1 taught 9 ! my/]ies1 0 only cle>ly reveal$ to ! initiate4 ,li/5 a mom5t to :at has transpir$ 9 ,india3 x is ! fundam5tal axiom ( ! ,v$antic s*ool1 ! illu/ri\s disciples ( ,vyasa & ( ,sank>*rya1 an axiom 9 accordance ) ! dogmas ( ! sacr$ books4 ,matt] exi/s say ^! philosoph]s1 b n ( an exi/5ce su* z is imag9$ by ! vulg>2 x exi/s b x has no ess5ce indep5d5t ( intellectual p]ceptions2 = exi/5ce & p]ceptibility are1 9 ?is case1 conv]tible t]ms4 ,! sage kn[s t appe>ances & _! ext]ior s5sations are purely illusory & t !y w\ld vani% into no?+ness1 if ! ,div9e en]gy :i* alone su/a9s !m 0 = an in/ant susp5d$4#ejd ,i beg ! disciples ( ,kant to give att5tion to ?is passage1 & to rememb] :at ,plato has said ( ! same1 t1 sometimes matt] exi/s & sometimes x does n exi/#eje2 z ,ju/9 ! m>tyr1 & ,cyril ( ,alex&ria h reproa*$ him = x2 & z ,plut>* & ,*alcidius h /rongly rem>k$ x1#ejf 9 seek+ to excuse ?is app>5t contradiction4 ,let u endeav\r n[ to call att5tion to ! po9t :]e ,kant is l$ a/ray4 ,?is po9t1 9 ! philosophical c\rse t ?is savant meant to pursue1 seem$ at fir/ ( v slight importance2 b ! deviation t x causes1 al?\gh small & almo/ imp]ceptible at ! fir/ in/ant1 det]m9es none ! less a div]g5t l9e1 :i*1 turn+ aside m & m f ! "r l9e proportionably z x is prolong$1 is f\nd to /rike at an enorm\s di/ance f ! m>k :]e ,kant hop$ x w\ld arrive4 ,?is deviat+ po9t:o w\ld h believ$ xis f\nd 9 ! mis9t]pretation & ! misapplication ( a ^w4 ,all ! att5tion ( ! read] is requir$ "h4 ,:at ,i am ab\t to say1 9 demon/rat+ ! error ( ! ,g]man philosoph]1 w s]ve to supplem5t all t ,i h said p]ta9+ to ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras4 ,kant1 :e!r ?r\gh imitation ( ! anci5t philosoph]s or ?r\gh ! effect ( 8 own le>n+ :i* _h made him desir\s ( kn[+ ! tru?1 has consid]$ man "u ?ree pr9cipal modifications :i* he calls faculties4 ,9 my twelf? ,exam9ation ,i h said t su* 0 ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras4 ,plato1 :o foll[$ 9 ev]y?+ ! metaphysics ( ?is great g5ius1 di/+ui%$ 9 ,man z 9 ! ,univ]se1 ! body1 s\l1 & _s2 & plac$1 9 ea* ( ! modifications ( ! p>ticul> or univ]sal unity :i* con/itut$ !m1 ! analog\s faculties :i*1 becom+ develop$ 9 _! turn1 gave bir? to ?ree new modifications ^: productive unity !y became#ejg2 s t ea* t]n>y is repres5t$ 9 its developm5t1 "u ! image ( ! triple ,t]n>y1 & =m$ by its union ) ! ,unity1 fir/ ! ,quat]n>y & aft]w>ds ! ,decade4#ejh ,n[ ! ,g]man philosoph]1 )\t expla9+ ! pr9ciple :i* l$ him to consid] man "u ?ree pr9cipal faculties1 /ates !m2 )\t say+ to :at p>ticul> modification he attributes !m1 t is1 )\t =esee+ if ^! faculties are physical1 animi/ic or intellectual2 if !y belong to ! body1 to ! s\l1 or to ! m9d3 a fir/ mi/ake :i* leads him to a second ( :i* ,i am ab\t to speak4 ,9 ord] to express ^! ?ree facilities1 ,kant makes use ( ?ree words tak5 f 8 own tongue & conc]n+ ! mean+ ( :i* x is well to fix our att5tion4 ,he has nam$ ! fir/ ( ^! faculties ,empf9dli*keit1 ! second1 ,v]/&1 & ! ?ird1 ,v]nunft4 ,^! ?ree words are excell5t2 x is only a "q ( cle>ly und]/&+ & expla9+ !m4 ,! ^w ,empf9dli*keit expresses t sort ( faculty :i* consi/s 9 collect+ f )\t1 feel+ f )91 & f9d+ good or bad4#eji ,x has be5 v well r5d]$ 9 ,fr5* by ! ^w s5sibilit4 ,! ^w ,v]/& designates t sort ( faculty :i* consi/s 9 rea*+ af>1 be+ c>ri$ f a c5tral po9t to all o!r po9ts ( ! circumf]5ce to seize !m4#eaj ,x has be5 q well r5d]$ 9 ,fr5* by ! ^w ent5dem5t4 ,! ^w ,v]nunft is appli$ to t sort ( faculty1 :i* consi/s 9 *oos+ at a di/ance1 9 wi%+1 9 select+1 9 elect+ t :i* is good4#eaa ,x is express$ by ! ^w raison2 b ?is expresses x v poorly1 :atev] may be ! real mean+ giv5 x by ,kant4 ,?is philosoph] ought to h realiz$ m fully ! orig9 ( ?is ^w & he %\ld h made a m j application2 !n 8 sy/em w\ld h tak5 ano!r direction & he w\ld h atta9$ 8 goal4 ,he w\ld h made u see1 & he w\ld h se5 himself1 ! reality1 namely1 intellig5ce & n reason4 ,"o c easily see t ! faculty :i* ,kant designates by ! ^w ,empf9dli*keit1 s5se p]ception1 belongs to ! physical "p ( man2 & t :i* he expresses by ! ^w ,v]/&1 ! und]/&+1 resides 9 8 animi/ic "p2 b "o _c see at all t :at he names ,v]nunft1 & :i* he cont9ually conf\nds ) reason1 may be able 9 any mann] to dom9ate 9 8 intellectual "p4 ,= ?is1 x w\ld be necess>y t he %\ld consid] x "u ! relation ( ! intellig5ce2 :i* he has n done4 ,x is v true t he has wi%$ to place x con/antly 9 ! m9d1 by repres5t+ ! ?ree faculties ( :i* man is compos$ z a sort ( hi]>*y1 ( :i* s5se p]ception occupies ! base1 und]/&+ ! c5tre1 & reason ! summit2 or z "o ( 8 translators said1 imag9+ ?is hi]>*y "u ! emblem ( an empire1 ( :i* s5se p]ception con/itutes ! subjects1 und]/&+ ! ag5ts or m9i/]s1 & reason ! sov]eign or legislator4#eab ,i _c conceive h[ ,kant1 by giv+ ! ^w ,v]nunft1 ! mean+ ( ! ,lat9 ^w ratio1 has be5 able to say t x is ! highe/ degree ( ! activity ( a m9d :i* has ! p[] ( all its lib]ty1 & ! consci\sness ( all its /r5g?#eac3 !re is no?+ m false4 ,reason does n exi/ 9 lib]ty1 b on ! contr>y1 9 necessity4 ,its movem5t1 :i* is geometric1 is always =c$3 x is an inf]5ce f ! po9t ( dep>ture1 & no?+ m4 ,let u exam9e ?is c>efully4 ,! ,lat9 ^w ratio1 ^: mean+ ,kant has visibly foll[$1 has nev] translat$ exactly ! ,greek ^w logos1 9 ! s5se ( ^w2 & if ! ,greek philosoph]s h sub/itut$ sometimes ! logos = n\s1 or ! ^w = ! intellig5ce1 by tak+ ! effect = ! cause1 x is wrong :5 ! ,romans h tri$ to imitate !m1 by us+ ratio1 9 place ( m5s1 or intellig5tia4 ,9 ?is !y h prov$ _! ignorance & h disclos$ ! calamit\s ravages t skepticism _h already made among !m4 ,! ^w ratio spr+s f ! root ra or rat1 :i* 9 all ! tongues :]e x has be5 receiv$1 has c>ri$ ! idea ( a ray1 a /raight l9e drawn f "o po9t to ano!r4#ead ,?us reason1 f> f be+ free z ,kant has pret5d$1 is :at is ! mo/ con/ra9$ 9 nature3 x is a geometric l9e1 always subject to ! po9t :5ce x emanates1 & =c$ to /rike ! po9t t[>d :i* x is direct$ "u p5alty ( ceas+ to be itself2 t is to say1 ( ceas+ to be /raight4 ,n[1 reason n be+ free 9 its c\rse1 is nei!r good nor bad 9 itself2 x is always analog\s to ! pr9ciple ( :i* x is ! inf]5ce4 ,its nature is to g /raight2 its p]fection is no?+ else4 ,"o goes /raight 9 e way1 9 e direction1 high1 l[1 to "r1 to left2 "o reasons correctly 9 tru? z 9 error1 9 vice z 9 virtue3 all dep5ds ^u ! pr9ciple f :i* "o sets out1 & ^u ! mann] 9 :i* "o looks at ?+s4 ,reason does n give ?is pr9ciple2 x is no m ma/] ( ! end :i* x goes to atta91 ?an ! /raight l9e drawn ^u ! gr\nd is ma/] ( ! po9t t[>d :i* x t5ds4 ,?is end & ?is po9t are det]m9$ be=eh&1 by ! position ( ! reason] or by geometry4 ,reason exi/s alike 9 ! ?ree great human modifications1 al?\gh its pr9cipal seat is 9 ! s\l1 accord+ to ,plato4#eae ,!re is a physical reason act+ 9 ! in/9ct1 a moral reason act+ 9 ! s\l1 & an intellectual reason act+ 9 ! m9d4 ,:5 a hungry dog br+s to 8 ma/] a piece ( game )\t t\*+ x1 he obeys an in/9ctive reason :i* makes him sacrifice ! pleasure ( gratify+ 8 appetite1 to ! pa9 ( receiv+ ! bl[ ( a /ick4 ,:5 a man dies at 8 po/ in/ead ( ab&on+ x1 he foll[s a moral reason :i* makes him pref] ! glory ( dy+ to ! %ame ( liv+4 ,:5 a philosoph] admits ! immortality ( ! s\l1 he li/5s to an intellectual reason :i* %[s him ! impossibility ( its annihilation4 ,all ?is1 nev]!less1 takes place only s f> z ! dog1 ! man1 & ! philosoph] admit ! real pr9ciples2 = if !y admitt$ false pr9ciples1 _! reasons1 al?\gh equally well d$uc$1 w\ld conduct !m to oppos$ results2 & ! piece ( game w\ld be eat51 ! po/ w\ld be ab&on$1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l w\ld be d5i$4 ,"o ought to feel n[ ! mi/ake ( ,kant 9 all its ext5t4 ,?is philosoph] hav+ conf\nd$ "o ( ! pr9cipal modifications ( man1 8 intellig5ce1#eaf ^: seat is 9 ! s\l1 ) "o ( 8 second>y faculties1 8 reason1 f9ds himself1 9 rais+ ?is reason outside ( its place & giv+ x a dom9ance t x has n1 ou/+ entirely ! spiritual "p2 s t m$itat+ con/antly 9 ! m$ian "p ( 8 be+1 :i* he believ$ to be ! sup]ior1 & desc5d+1 he f\nd matt]1 und]/ood x p]fectly1 & miss$ absolutely ! _s4 ,:at he assum$ 01 x 0 no?+ else ?an ! und]/&+1 a neut] faculty plac$ betwe5 s5se p]ception :i* is purely passive1 & ! intellig5ce :i* is :olly active4 ,he _h ! weakness to fix 8 ?\ght "h & !nce=? 0 lo/4 ,reason :i* he invok$ to tea* him to di/+ui%1 9 8 ideas1 ! "p :i* is furni%$ by ! _s1 f t :i* is giv5 by objects1 0 only able to %[ him ! /raight l9e t x describ$ 9 8 und]/&+4 ,?is l9e be+ buri$ 9 matt] in/ead ( ris+ 9 intelligible regions1 taught him t ev]y?+ t did n correspond to a possible exp]i5ce c\ld n furni% him ! subject ( a positive k1 & ?us all ! great que/ions ^u ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 ! orig9 ( ! ,univ]se2 all t p]ta9s to !osophy1 to cosmology2 9 %ort1 all t :i* is intelligible1 _c take place 9 ! ord] ( 8 und]/&+4#eag ,?is cata/rophe1 q inevitable z x 01 0 none ! less poignant4 ,x 0 odd to see a man :o seem$ to promise to e/abli% ! possibility & ! pr9ciples ( all k ^u an inconte/able basis1 ann\nce coldly t ,god1 ! ,univ]se1 & ! ,s\l c\ld n be subjects !re1 & soon discov]1 pu%$ by ! =ce ( 8 reason+1 t ev5 ! reality ( physical subjects by :i* ! s5ses are affect$ is only ph5om5al1 t "o c 9 no way "k :at !y are1 b only :at !y appe> to be#eah2 & t ev5 "o's own ,self1 consid]$ z a subject1 is also = "o only a ph5om5on1 an appe>ance1 conc]n+ ! intimate ess5ce ( :i* "o c le>n no?+4#eai ,kant felt inde$ ! t]rible contradiction into :i* he _h fall52 b in/ead ( retrac+ c\rage\sly 8 /eps1 & seek+ above reason = ! pr9ciples ( k t x did n possess1 he cont9u$ 8 desc5d+ movem5t :i* he call$ transc5d5tal1 & f9ally discov]$ b5ea? ?is pure ,reason1 a c]ta9 practical ,reason1 to :i* he confid$ ! de/9ies ( ! greate/ subjects ) :i* man c be occupi$3 ,god1 nature1 & himself4 ,?is practical reason1 :i* is no o!r ?an common s5se1 ought1 accord+ to him1 to br+ man to believe :at is n giv5 him to "k1#ebj & to engage him1 ?r\gh ! ne$ ( 8 own felicity1 to foll[ ! pa?s ( virtue1 & to admit ! sy/em ( recomp5se :i* proce$s f ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,?us1 ?is common s5se1 already invok$ to aid ! exi/5ce ( ! physical subjects :i* ,b]keley r$uc$ to no?+ness1 0 call$1 "u ano!r "n1 to su/a9 t ( ! spiritual be+s :i* ,kant admitt$ baffl+ ! action ( 8 pure reason2 b ?is faculty1 va9ly propos$ by ,%aftesbury1#eba by ,hut*eson1#ebb by ,reid1#ebc by ,oswald1#ebd by ! celebrat$ ,pascal himself1#ebe to give a support to ! fir/ tru?s1 & to furni% ! pr9ciples ( our moral & physical k2 ?is faculty1 ,i say1 ^: seat is 9 ! in/9ct1 has be5 easily *all5g$ z incompet5t to pron\nce ^u ! subjects :i* are outside ! jurisdiction ( its judgm5ts2 = x has be5 ke5ly felt t x 0 ab&on+ ^! subjects to ! prejudices ( ! vulg>1 to _! errone\s op9ions1 to _! bl9d passions2 & t practical philosophy or common s5se1 act+ 9 ea* man accord+ to ! ext5t ( 8 views1 w\ld only emb>rass relative tru?s & w\ld create z _m pr9ciples z individuals4 ,fur!rmore 0 x n to run c\nt] to common s5se itself1 to submit intellig5ce & reason to x8 ,0 x n subv]t+ ,nature1 &1 z x 71 caus+ light to spr+ upw>d f bel[1 seek+ 9 ! p>ticul>1 ! law :i* rules ! ,univ]sal8 ,! skeptics :o saw all ^! ?+s triumph$1 b _! triumph only prov$ _! weakness2 = ,reason1 by :i* !y demon/rat$ no?+ness1 is ! sole weapon ( :i* !y c make use4 ,?is faculty ov]?r[n 9 ,kant1 leaves !m p[]less1 & deliv]s !m def5celess to ! irresi/ible axioms t ! intellig5ce places a priori ^u ! primordial tru?s & ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,univ]se1 ev5 z ! sequel ( ^! ,exam9ations w demon/rate4 #bd4 ,m$itate ^u my c\nsels1 love !m2 foll[ !m3 ,to ! div9e virtues w !y "k h[ to lead !e4 ,i h spok5 at consid]able l5g? ( ! skeptics2 b ,i h believ$ x necess>y 9 expla9+ a dogmatic "w1 ^: esprit is :olly oppos$ to t ( skepticism4 ,:5 ,lysis wrote 9 ,greece1 !re _h be5 no "o z yet :o d\bt$ ei!r ! exi/5ce ( ! gods1 or t ( ! ,univ]se1 or made ! di/9ction betwe5 good & evil1 virtue & vice4 ,arcesilaus & ,pyrrho 7 n born1 & ! cl\ds t !y rais$ aft]w>ds conc]n+ ^! great subjects ( ! m$itation ( ! sages 7 n ev5 suspect$4 ,! m9ds _h incl9$ r t[>d cr$ulity ?an t[>d d\bt2 t[>d sup]/ition ?an t[>d a!ism2 x 0 m necess>y to limit _! curiosity ?an to excite _! indiff]5ce4 ,at t epo*1 ! philosoph]s envelop$ ! tru? ) veils1 & r5d]$ ! av5ues ( sci5ce difficult1 s t ! vulg> might n pr(ane !m4 ,!y knew :at _h be5 too long =gott53 t all k9ds ( wood are n fitt+ to make a ,m]cury4 ,also _! writ]s 7 obscure & s5t5ti\s3 9 ord] to di%e>t51 n ^? :o might be able to d\bt1 b ^? :o 7 n 9 a condition to compreh5d4 ,today1 z ! m9ds are *ang$1 x is ( m importance to attract ^? :o are able to receive ! tru?1 ?an to keep at a di/ance ^? :o are unable to receive x2 ! latt]1 sep>at+ !mselves1 are p]suad$ t !y ei!r possess x or h no ne$ ( x4 ,i h giv5 ! hi/ory ( skepticism2 ,i h %[n its orig9 & ! sorry effects ( its absolute & disord]$ influ5ce2 n 9 ord] to br+ back ! skeptics ( ! pr(ession1 b to endeav\r to prev5t ! m5 :o are /ill drift+ 9 unc]ta9ty f becom+ s4 ,i h essay$ to %[ !m by ! example ( "o ( ! greate/ reason]s ( ,g]many1 by ! example ( ,kant1 t reason alone1 ) :atev] tal5ts x may be accompani$1 _c fail to lead !m to no?+ness4 ,i h made !m see t ?is faculty s laud$ is no?+ ( itself4 ,i am cont5t ) ! example ( ! ,ko5igsb]g pr(essor2 b _h ,i n fe>$ prolixities1 ,i w\ld h add$ ! example ( ,b]keley & t ( ,sp9oza4 ,! v>i$ cata/rophes ( ^! ?ree savants =m a /rik+ contra/4 ,kant1 foll[+ /ep by /ep 8 pure ,reason1 comes to see t ! k ( intelligible ?+s is impossible & f9ds matt]2 ,b]keley1 l$ by ! same reason1 proves t ! exi/5ce ( matt] is illusory1 & t all is _s2 ,sp9oza1 draw+ irresi/ible argum5ts f ?is same faculty1 %[s t !re exi/s & c exi/ only "o sole sub/ance & t !re=e _s & matt] are b "o4 ,& d n ?9k t1 arm$ ) reason alone1 y c combat sep>ately ,sp9oza1 ,b]keley1 or ,kant3 _! contradictory sy/ems w cla% 9 va92 !y w triumph ov] y & w pu% y into ! d>k & bottomless abyss ( skepticism4 ,n[1 h[ c ?is be done8 ,i h told y3 x is because man is n a simple be+4 ,fix ?is tru? firmly4 ,man is triple2 & x is accord+ z 8 volitive unity op]ates 9 "o or ! o!r ( 8 modifications t he is l$ on to see1 9 su* or su* a way4 ,plato has said x1 foll[+ ,py?agoras1 & ,i say x to y n only foll[+ ,py?agoras & ,plato1 b foll[+ all ! sages & all ! !osophi/s ( ! _w4 ,plato places 9 ! sup]ior & spiritual modification1 compos$ ( ! same1 t is to say ( ! indivisible sub/ance ( ! univ]se1 ! hegemonicon1#ebf or ! intellectual ass5t2 9 ! inf]ior & mat]ial modification1 compos$ ( ! o!r or ! div]se1 t is to say1 ( ! divisible sub/ance1 ! physicon1#ebg or ! physical s5se p]ception2 9 ! m$ian modification or ! s\l1 prop]ly speak+1 compos$ ( ess5ce1 t is to say1 ( ! mo/ subtle p>ts ( matt] elaborat$ by ! _s1 ! logicon1#ebh or ! moral1 logical1 or reasonable s5tim5t4 ,"o f9ds 9 ,plut>* ! rsum ( ! doctr9e ( a philosoph] nam$ ,sylla1 :o1 admitt+1 z did ,plato1 t man is compos$ ( _s1 s\l1 & body1 said t ! body drew its orig9 f ! e>?1 ! s\l f ! moon1 & ! _s f ! sun4#ebi ,b )\t di/urb+ ourselves = ! pres5t1 ) ! orig9 ( ^! ?ree p>ts1 s9ce assur$ly ! e>?1 ! moon1 & ! sun1 :i* ?is philosoph] has assign$ !m = pr9ciples1 are ?+s v difficult to und]/& 9 !mselves1 let u be cont5t ) kn[+1 z ,i h already said1 t ^! ?ree great modifications :i* =m ! human ,quat]n>y manife/ !mselves by s5sation1 s5tim5t1 & ass5t1 & develop ! pr9cipal faculties ( ! in/9ct1 ! und]/&+1 & ! intellig5ce4 ,! in/9ct is ! seat ( common s5se2 ! und]/&+ is t ( reason2 & ! intellig5ce1 t ( sagacity or wisdom4 ,m5 c nev] acquire any sci5ce1 any real k1 if ! ass5t is n det]m9$ by fav\r ( ! intellig5ce :i* elects ! pr9ciple & places x ) sagacity2 = "o c really "k or und]/& only t to :i* ! intellig5ce has giv5 cons5t4 ,all ! results t ! und]/&+1 depriv$ ( intellig5ce1 c procure by means ( reason are only op9ions1 ^? ( ^! results :i* are rigor\sly demon/rat$ 9 ! mann] ( ! geometricians are id5tities2 common s5se transport$ ev5 into ! und]/&+ c give only notions1 ! c]ta9ty ( :i*1 h[ev] f\nd$ x may be ^u exp]i5ce1 c nev] surpass t ( physical s5sation1 ^: transi5t & limit$ au?ority is ( no weight 9 ! ass5t ( intelligible tru?s4 ,let u v5ture n[ to divulge a secret ( ! my/]ies to :i* ,py?agoras made allusion :5 he said3 t n all k9ds ( wood are fitt+ to make a ,m]cury2 & not)/&+ ! vulg> prejudice :i* is oppos$ to ?is tru?1 let u affirm t animi/ic equality among m5 is a *im]a4 ,i feel t "h ,i am ab\t to cla% greatly ) !ological ideas & to put myself 9 opposition to _m brilliant p>adoxes t mod]n philosoph]s1 m virtu\s ?an wise1 h rais$ & su/a9$ ) m tal5t & reason ?an sagacity2 b ! =ce ( my subject draws me on & s9ce ,i am expla9+ ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras1 x is inde$ necess>y t ,i %\ld say :y ,lysis1 aft] hav+ exam9$ & comm5d$ 9 detail all ! human virtues 9 ! purgative "p ( 8 tea*+s1 beg9s aga9 a new in/ruction 9 ! unitive "p & promises to lead "o to div9e virtues4 ,?is important di/9ction t he makes betwe5 ^! two k9ds ( virtues has be5 made by ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,gal51 & _m o!rs ( ! philosoph]s ( antiquity4#ecj ,"o ( !m1 ,macrobius1 to :om we owe ! k & explanation ( _m ( ! my/ic secrets1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! extreme c>e ex]cis$ to conceal !m1 7 rum\r$ outside ( ! sanctu>ies1 has made a comp>ison betwe5 ! degrees ( ! initiation & ^? t "o admits 9 ! ex]cise ( ! virtues2 & he enum]ates f\r4#eca ,?is numb]1 :i* is relat$ to ! univ]sal ,quat]n>y1 has be5 ! mo/ con/antly foll[$1 al?\gh x may h v>i$1 h[ev]1 f ?ree to sev54 ,! numb] ?ree 0 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z ! pr9ciple ( nature1 & ! numb] sev5 z its end4#ecb ,! pr9cipal degrees ( initiation 71 to ! numb] ( ?ree1 z ! grades ( ! appr5tice1 companion1 & ma/] are 9 ,free ,masonry today4 ,f ?is comes ! epi!t ( ,triple1 giv5 to ! my/]i\s ,hecate1 & ev5 to ,mi?ra1 consid]$ z ! emblem ( my/ic k4#ecc ,sometimes ?ree second>y degrees 7 add$ to ! ?ree pr9cipal ones & 7 t]m9at$ by an extraord9>y revelation1 :i* rais+ ! initiate to ! rank ( ,epopt1 or se] p> excell5ce1 gave him ! true signification ( ! degrees ?r\gh :i* he _h already pass$#ecd2 %[$ him nature unveil$1#ece & admitt$ him to ! contemplation ( div9e k4#ecf ,x 0 = ! ,epopt alone t ! la/ veil fell1 & ! sacr$ ve/m5t :i* cov]$ ! /atue ( ! ,goddess 0 remov$4 ,?is manife/ation1 call$ ,epiphany1 %$ ! mo/ brilliant light ^u ! d>kness :i* until !n _h surr\nd$ ! initiate4 ,x 0 prep>$1 said ! hi/orians1 by frightful tableaux ) alt]natives ( bo? t]ror & hope4#ecg ,! grade ( ,elect has replac$ t ( ,epopt among ! ,free ,masons1 )\t 9 any s5se (f]+ ! same results4 ,! =ms are inde$ ne>ly pres]v$2 b ! sub/ance has disappe>$4 ,! ,epopt ( ,eleusis1 ,samo?race1 or ,hi]apolis 0 reg>d$ z ! =emo/ ( m51 ! fav\rite ( ! gods1 & ! possessor ( cele/ial treasures2 ! sun %one1 9 8 sight1 ) a pur] brightness2 & ! sublime virtue t he _h acquir$ 9 ! te/s1 m & m difficult1 & ! lessons m & m l(ty1 gave him ! faculty ( disc]n+ good & evil1 tru? & error1 & ( mak+ a free *oice betwe5 !m4#ech ,b if ! v>i\s grades ( initiation express$ symbolically ! diff]5t degrees ( virtue to :i* m5 9 g5]al c atta91 ! te/s t "o 0 made to pass ?r\gh at ea* new grade1 made kn[n 9 p>ticul>1 :e!r ! man :o pres5t$ himself to obta9 x1 0 wor?y or unwor?y4 ,^! te/s 7 at fir/ suffici5tly easy2 b !y became increas+ly difficult to su* an ext5t t ! life ( ! new memb] 0 frequ5tly 9 dang]4 ,"o w\ld "k 9 t way to :at sort ( man ?is life belong$1 & v]ify by ! crucible ( t]ror & ( suff]+1 ! temp] ( ! s\l & ! claim ( 8 "r to ! tru?4 ,x is kn[n t ,py?agoras ow$ to 8 extreme pati5ce & to ! c\rage ) :i* he surm\nt$ all ! ob/acles1 8 initiation into ! ,egyptian my/]ies4#eeci ,^? :o atta9$ z he did ! la/ degree ( initiation 7 v r>e2 ! great] numb] w5t no fur!r ?an ! second grade & v few atta9$ ! ?ird4 ,lessons proportionate to _! /r5g? & to ^? ( ! faculties t _h be5 recogniz$ z dom9at+ 9 !m 7 giv52 = ?is is ! ess5tial po9t 9 ?is ,exam9ation1 "o le>n$ 9 ! sanctu>ies to divide ! mass ( humanity into ?ree great classes1 dom9at$ by a f\r? m elevat$1 accord+ to ! relations t 7 e/abli%$ betwe5 ! faculties ( m5 & ! p>ts ( ! ,univ]se to :i* !y correspond$4 ,9 ! fir/ 7 rang$ ! mat]ial or in/9ctive m52 9 ! second1 ! animi/ic1 & 9 ! ?ird1 ! intellectual m54 ,?us all m5 7 by no means consid]$ z equal among !m4 ,! pret5d$ equality :i* 0 made on ! ext]ior 0 m]e compliance to ! errors ( ! vulg>1 :o1 hav+ seiz$ ! au?ority 9 mo/ ( ! cities ( ,greece & ,italy1 =c$ ! tru? to conceal an exposure :i* w\ld h injur$ x4 ,! ,*ri/ian cult1 rais$ ^u ! ext9ction ( all enlight5m5t1 n\ri%$ 9 ! he>ts ( slaves & l[ly citiz5s1 sanctifi$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t a prec$5t fav\rable to its gr[?4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 among ! ,*ri/ians :o 7 call$ gno/ics1#edj on acc\nt ( ! p>ticul> k t !y possess$1 & especially ! ,val5t9ians :o boa/$ t !y _h pres]v$ ! k ( ! initiation1 wi%$ to make a public dogma ( ! secret ( ! my/]ies 9 ?is respect1 pret5d+ t ! corruption ( m5 be+ only ! effect ( _! ignorance & ( _! e>?ly atta*m5t1 x 0 only necess>y 9 ord] to save !m1 to enlight5 !m reg>d+ _! condition & _! orig9al de/9ation#eda2 b ! or?odox ones1 :o felt ! dang] into :i* ?is doctr9e 0 draw+ !m1 condemn$ ! au?ors z h]etics4 ,?is condemnation1 :i* satisfi$ ! pride ( ! vulg>1 did n prev5t ! small numb] ( sages rema9+ sil5t1 fai?ful to ! tru?4 ,x is only necess>y to op5 "o's eyes1 & deta*+ !m a mom5t f ,judea1 to see t ! dogma ( inequality among m5 _h s]v$ z basis = ! civil & religi\s laws ( all ! peoples ( ! e>?1 f ! ori5t ( ,asia to ! occid5tal limits ( ,africa & ,europe4 ,ev]y:]e1 f\r great e/abli%$ divisions "u ! "n ( ,ca/es1 recall$ ! f\r pr9cipal degrees ( initiation & retrac$ ^u humanity en masse1 ! ,univ]sal ,quat]n>y4 ,egypt _h1 9 ?is respect1 9 v anci5t times1 giv5 example to ,greece#edb2 = ?is ,greece1 s pr\d ( h] lib]ty1 or r ( h] turbul5t an>*y1 _h be5 at fir/ subject$ to ! common division1 ev5 z x is se5 9 ,ari/otle & ,/rabo4#edc ,! ,*aldeans 71 relative to ! peoples ( ,assyria1#edd only :at ! ,magi 7 among ! ,p]sians1#ede ! ,druids among ! ,gauls1#edf & ! ,brahmans among ! ,indians4 ,x is q well kn[n t ?is la/ p1 ! ,brahmans1 con/itute ! =emo/ & highe/ ( ! f\r ca/es ( :i* ! :ole nation is compos$4 ,! allegorical orig9 t religion gives to ^! ca/es proves cle>ly ! analogy ( :i* ,i h spok54 ,! foll[+ is :at is f\nd relative to ?is 9 "o ( ! ,%a/ras4 8,at ! fir/ creation by ,brahma1 ! ,brahmans sprang f 8 m\?2 ! ,k%atrys issu$ f 8 arms2 ! ,vaisyas f 8 ?ighs1 & ! ,s\dras f 8 feet40 ,x is said 9 ano!r ( ^! books conta9+ ! cosmogony ( ! ,banians1 t ! fir/ man1 call$ ,p\r\1 hav+ _h f\r sons nam$ ,brahma1 ,k%etri1 ,vaisa1 & ,s\d]i1 ,god designat$ !m to be *iefs ( ! f\r tribes :i* he himself in/itut$4#edg ,! sacr$ books ( ! ,burmans1 :i* appe> ant]ior to ^? ( ! o!r ,indian nations1 e/abli% ! same division4 ,! ,rahans1 :o fill ! sac]dotal (fices among ^! peoples1 tea* a doctr9e con=mable to t ( ! my/]ies4 ,!y say t inequality among m5 is a necess>y consequ5ce ( _! pa/ virtues or pa/ vices1 & t !y are born 9 a nation m or less enlight5$1 9 a ca/e1 9 a family1 m or less illu/ri\s1 accord+ to _! previ\s conduct4#edh ,?is is v close to ! ?\ght ( ,py?agoras2 b no "o has express$ x ) great] =ce & cle>ness ?an ,kong-,tse4 ,i ?9k ,i h no ne$ to say t ^! two sages did n copy ea* o!r4 ,! ass5t t !y gave to ! same idea _h its s\rce else:]e ?an 9 /]ile imitation4 ,! ,*9ese p1 f "t immemorial1 h be5 divid$ into f\r great classes1 relative to ! rank t m5 occupy 9 society1 foll[+ ! functions t !y execute !re91#edi v ne>ly z d ! ,indians3 b ?is division1 t long cu/om has r5d]$ purely political1 is look$ ^u v diff]5tly by ! philosoph]s4 ,man1 accord+ to !m1 con/itutes "o ( ! ?ree productive p[]s :i* compose ! m$ian tr9ity ( ! ,univ]se2 = !y consid] ! ,univ]se1 or ! great ,all1 z ! expression ( a triple ,tr9ity envelop$ & dom9at$ by ! primordial ,unity3 :i* con/itutes = !m a decade in/ead ( a ,quat]n>y4 ,?is ?ird p[] call$ ,y91 t is to say1 mank9d1 is subdivid$ into ?ree pr9cipal classes1 :i* by means ( ! int]m$i>y classes admitt$ by ,kong-,tse1 produces ! five classes spok5 ( by ?is sage4 ,! fir/ class1 ! mo/ num]\s1 comprises he said t multitude ( m5 :o act only by a sort ( imitative in/9ct1 do+ today :at !y did ye/]day1 9 ord] to recomm5ce tomorr[ :at !y h done today2 & :o1 incapable ( disc]n+ 9 ! di/ance ! real & sub/antial advantages1 ! int]e/ ( highe/ importance1 extract easily a little pr(it1 a base int]e/ 9 ! pettie/ ?+s1 & h en\gh adroitness to procure !m4 ,^! m5 h an und]/&+ z ! o!rs b ?is und]/&+ goes no fur!r ?an ! s5ses2 !y see & he> only ?r\gh ! eyes & ! e>s ( _! bodies4 ,su* are ! p4 ,! second class is compos$ accord+ to ! same sage ( m5 in/ruct$ 9 ! sci5ces1 9 lett]s & 9 ! lib]al arts4 ,^! m5 h an object 9 view 9 :atev] !y und]take1 & "k ! diff]5t means by :i* ! end c be accompli%$2 !y h n p5etrat$ into ! ess5ce ( ?+s1 b !y "k !m well en\gh to speak ( !m ) ease & to give lessons to o!rs2 :e!r !y speak or :e!r !y act1 !y c give reason = :at !y say or :at !y d1 comp>+ subjects among !m & draw+ j inf]5ces conc]n+ :at is h>mful or pr(itable3 ^! are ! arti/s1 ! lit]ati1 :o are occupi$ ) ?+s :]e9 reason+ mu/ ent]4 ,?is class c h an influ5ce on cu/oms & ev5 on ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ?ird class cont9ues ,kong-,tse comprises ^? :o 9 _! spee*1 9 _! actions1 & 9 ! :ole ( _! conduct1 nev] deviate f :at is prescrib$ by "r reason2 :o d good )\t any pret5sion :atsoev]2 b only because x is good2 :o nev] v>y1 & %[ !mselves ! same 9 adv]sity z 9 =tune4 ,^! m5 speak :5 x is necess>y to speak1 & are sil5t :5 x is necess>y to be sil5t4 ,!y are n satisfi$ ) draw+ ! sci5ces f ! div]se *annels de/9$ to transmit !m1 b g back to ! s\rce4 ,^! are ! philosoph]s4 ,^? :o nev] digress f ! fix$ & immutable rule :i* !y h trac$ out = !mselves1 :o1 ) utmo/ exactness & a con/ancy always ! same1 fulfill to ! v lea/1 _! obligations1 :o fight _! passions1 obs]ve !mselves unceas+ly1 & prev5t vices f develop+2 ^? f9ally1 :o speak no ^w :i* is n measur$ & t may n be useful = in/ruction1 & :o fe> nei!r tr\ble nor lab\r 9 ord] to make virtue prosp] 9 !mselves & 9 o!rs1 con/itute ! f\r? class1 :i* is t ( virtu\s m54 ,! fif? class1 f9ally adds ,kong-,tse1 :i* is ! l(tie/ & sublime/1 comprises ! extraord9>y m51 :o unite 9 _! p]sons ! qualities ( ! _s & he>t1 p]fect$ by ! bless$ habit ( fulfill+ volunt>ily & joyfully1 :at nature & morals impose jo9tly ^u reasonable be+s liv+ 9 society4 ,imp]turbable 9 _! mode ( life1 l unto ! sun & ! moon1 ! heav5s & ! e>?1 !y nev] cease _! b5efic5t op]ations2 !y act by intellig5ce & z spirits see )\t be+ se54 ,?is class1 v few 9 numb]1 c be call$ t ( ! ,p]fect ones1 ! ,sa9ts4#eej ,i h transcrib$ :at has j be5 read )\t *ang+ a s+le ^w4 ,if ! read] has giv5 to ?is extract ! att5tion t x m]its1 he w h se5 ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras su* z ,i h reveal$ & ! important di/9ction betwe5 ,in/9ct1 ,reason1 & ,intellig5ce su* z ,i h e/abli%$2 he w h se5 ! dogma ( ! my/]ies conc]n+ ! animi/ic inequality ( m51 ( :i* ,i h spok51 & w h easily recogniz$1 9 ! "r reason :i* con/itutes ! ?ird class accord+ to ! ,*9ese !osophi/1 ! pure reason :i* has direct$ ! ,g]man philosoph] 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( critical philosophy4 ,?is "r reason1 be+ q ne> to human virtues1 is /ill v f> f ,wisdom :i* alone leads to ,tru?4 ,nev]!less x c rea* !re1 = no?+ is impossible = ! ,w ( man1 ev5 z ,i h q =cibly /at$#eea2 b x w\ld be necess>y = t1 to make acquisition ( ! div9e virtues1 & 9 ! same mann] t "o is rais$ f in/9ct to und]/&+ by purification1 to pass f und]/&+ to intellig5ce by p]fection4 ,lysis (f]s ! means3 x is by k ( oneself t he promises to lead "o to ?is desir$ end2 he assures x1 he invokes ! "n ( ,py?agoras himself3 #be4 ,i swe> x by ! "o :o 9 our he>ts engrav$ ,! sacr$ ,tetrad1 symbol imm5se & pure1 ,s\rce ( ,nature & model ( ! ,gods4 ,drawn on by my subject1 ,i h =gott5 to say t1 accord+ to ,porphyry1 !re is lack+ 9 ! ,gold5 ,v]ses z giv5 by ,hi]ocles1 two l9es :i* ought to be plac$ imm$iately be=e ^? :i* op5 ! unitive "p ( ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras call$ p]fection2 ^! are#eeb3 1 ' 4 ,on ! mom5t ( awak5+1 consid] calmly ,:at are ?y duties1 & :at ?\ %\ld/ accompli%4 ,^! l9es1 :i* express ! g5]al outl9e ( ?is la/ "p1 are rem>kable1 & "o _c conceive h[ ,hi]ocles c\ld h ov]look$ or neglect$ !m4 ,al?\gh1 x is true1 !y add no?+ 9 ! lit]al s5se1 !y say mu*1 h[ev]1 9 ! figurative s5se2 !y s]ve z pro( ( ! division ( ?is poem1 :i* ,hi]ocles himself has adopt$ )\t explanation4 ,lysis indicates q /rongly t he is ab\t to pass on to a new tea*+3 he calls ! att5tion ( ! disciple ( ,py?agoras to ! new c>e] :i* is op5$ be=e him1 & to ! means ( trav]s+ x & ( atta9+ to ! div9e virtues :i* mu/ cr[n x4 ,?is means is ! k ( oneself1 z ,i h said4 ,?is k1 s comm5d$ by ! anci5t sages1 s exalt$ by !m1 :i* mu/ op5 ! av5ues ( all ! o!rs & deliv] to !m ! key ( ! my/]ies ( nature & ! doors ( ! ,univ]se2 ?is k1 ,i say1 c\ld n be expos$ unveil$ at ! epo* :5 ,py?agoras liv$1 on acc\nt ( ! secrets t x w\ld ( necessity betray4 ,likewise ?is philosoph] _h ! habit ( proclaim+ x "u ! emblem ( ! sacr$ ,tetrad or ( ! ,quat]n>y4 ,?is is :y ,lysis1 9 invok+ ! "n ( 8 ma/]1 designates x on ?is occasion ) ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( 8 doctr9e4 8,i swe>10 he said1 8by ! "o :o has reveal$ to our s\l ! k ( ! ,tetrad1 t s\rce ( et]nal ,nature03 t is to say1 ,i swe> by ! "o :o1 tea*+ our s\l to "k itself1 has put x 9 condition to "k all nature ( :i* x is ! abridg$ image4 ,9 _m ( my prec$+ ,exam9ations ,i h already expla9$ :at %\ld be und]/ood by ?is celebrat$ ,tetrad1 & "h w\ld p]haps be ! "t to reveal its con/itutive pr9ciples2 b ?is revelation w\ld lead me too f>4 ,x w\ld be necess>y 9 ord] to d ?is1 to ent] into details ( ! ari?mological doctr9e ( ,py?agoras :i*1 lack+ prelim9>y data1 w\ld become fatigu+ & un9telligible4 ,! language ( ,numb]s ( :i* ?is philosoph] made use1 foll[+ ! example ( ! anci5t sages1 seems today entirely lo/4 ,! fragm5ts :i* h come d[n to u s]ve r to prove its exi/5ce ?an to give any light ^u its elem5ts2 = ^? :o h compos$ ^! fragm5ts wrote 9 a language t !y suppos$ und]/ood1 9 ! same mann] z our mod]n writ]s :5 !y employ algebraic t]ms4 ,x w\ld be ridicul\s if "o wi%$ be=e hav+ acquir$ any notion conc]n+ ! value & use ( ! algebraic signs1 to expla9 a problem conta9$ 9 ^! signs4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 :at has (t5 be5 done relative to ! language ( ,numb]s4 ,"o has pret5d$1 n only to expla9 x be=e hav+ le>n$ x1 b ev5 to write ( x1 & has by s do+ r5d]$ x ! mo/ lam5table ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,! savants see+ x ?us trave/i$ h ju/ly scorn$ x2 z _! contempt 0 n unreasonable !y h made x reflect1 by ! same language ^u ! anci5ts :o h employ$ x4 ,!y h act$ 9 ?is z 9 _m o!r ?+s2 !y !mselves creat+ ! /upidity ( anci5t sci5ces & say+ aft]w>ds3 antiquity 0 /upid4 ,"o day ,i %all try1 if ,i f9d ! "t & ! necess>y facilities1 to give ! true elem5ts ( ! ari?mological sci5ce ( ,py?agoras & ,i w %[ t ?is sci5ce 0 = intelligible ?+s :at algebra has become among u = physical ?+s2 b ,i %all only d s aft] hav+ reveal$ :at ! true pr9ciples ( music are2 = o!rwise ,i %\ld run ! risk ( n be+ und]/ood4 ,)\t p]plex+ ourselves1 !re=e1 ) ! con/itutive pr9ciples ( ! ,py?agorean ,quat]n>y1 let u cont5t ourselves ) kn[+ t x 0 ! g5]al emblem ( any?+ mov+ by itself & manife/+ by its facultative modifications2 = accord+ to ,py?agoras1 #a & #b repres5t ! hidd5 pr9ciples ( ?+s2 #c1 _! faculties1 & #d1 _! prop] ess5ce4 ,^! f\r numb]s :i*1 unit$ by addition produce ! numb] #aj1 con/itut$ ! ,be+1 z mu* univ]sal z p>ticul>2 s t ! ,quat]n>y1 :i* is z its virtue1 c\ld become ! emblem ( all be+s1 s9ce !re is none :i* may n recognize ! pr9ciples1 & :i* does n manife/ itself by faculties m or less p]fect1 & :i* may n enjoy an exi/5ce univ]sal or relative2 b ! be+ to :i* ,py?agoras appli$ x mo/ commonly 0 ,man4 ,man1 z ,i h said1 manife/s himself z does ! ,univ]se1 "u ! ?ree pr9cipal modifications ( body1 s\l1 & _s4 ,! unkn[n pr9ciples ( ?is fir/ ,t]n>y are :at ,plato calls ! same1 & ! o!r1 ! indivisible & ! divisible4 ,! indivisible pr9ciple gives ! _s2 ! divisible ! body2 & ! s\l has bir? f ?is la/ pr9ciple elaborat$ by ! fir/4#eec ,su* 0 ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras :i* 0 borr[$ by ,plato4 ,x _h be5 t ( ! ,egyptians1 z c be se5 9 ! works :i* rema9 to u "u ! "n ( ,h]mes4 ,synesius1 :o _h be5 initiat$ into _! my/]ies1 said p>ticul>ly1 t human s\ls emanat$ f two s\rces3 ! "o lum9\s1 :i* fl[s f heav5 on high2 ! o!r t5ebr\s1 :i* spr+s f ! e>? 9 ! abysmal dep?s ( :i* x f9ds its orig94#eed ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 fai?ful to !osophical tradition1 foll[$ ! same tea*+2 !y e/abli%$ a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! _s & ! s\l4 ,!y consid]$ ! s\l z an issue ( ! mat]ial pr9ciple1 & 9 consequ5ce be+ nei!r enlight5$ nor virtu\s 9 itself4 ,! _s1 said ,basil1 is a gift ( ,god3 x is ! s\l ( ! s\l1 z x 72 x is unit$ to ! s\l2 x enlight5s x1 x rescues x f e>? & raises x to heav54#eee ,beausobre1 :o relates ^! words1 obs]ves t ?is s5tim5t 0 common to sev]al ,fa!rs ( ! primitive *ur*1 p>ticul>ly to ,tatian4#eef ,i h spok5 (t5 ( ?is fir/ ,t]n>y1 & ev5 ( ! triple faculties :i* are atta*$ to ea* ( its modifications2 b z ,i h done _m times1 ,i believe x useful to pres5t "h ! ensemble1 s z to h ! opportunity ( unit+1 "u ! same viewpo9t1 ! volitive unity1 f :i* results ! human ,quat]n>y1 9 g5]al1 & 9 ! p>ticul> be+1 :i* is man4 ,! ?ree faculties :i*1 z ,i h said1 di/+ui% ea* ( ! ?ree human modifications are3 s5se p]ception = ! body1 s5tim5t = ! s\l1 & ass5t = ! _s4 ,^! ?ree faculties develop in/9ct1 und]/&+1 & intellig5ce1 :i* produce by a common reaction1 common s5se1 reason1 & sagacity4 ,in/9ct1 plac$ at ! l[e/ degree ( ! ontological hi]>*y1 is absolutely passive2 intellig5ce1 rais$ to ! summit1 is entirely active1 & und]/&+ plac$ 9 ! c5tre1 is neut]4 ,s5se p]ception p]ceives ! s5sations1 s5tim5t conceives ! ideas1 ass5t elects ! ?\ghts2 p]ception1 conception1 election are modes ( act+1 ( ! in/9ct1 ! und]/&+1 & ! intellig5ce4 ,! und]/&+ is ! seat ( all ! passions t ! in/9ct fe$s cont9ually1 excites1 & t5ds to make unruly2 & t ! intellig5ce purifies1 temp]s1 & seeks always to put 9 h>mony4 ,! in/9ct1 react$ ^u by ! und]/&+1 becomes common s5se3 x p]ceives notions m or less cle>ly1 foll[+ m or less1 ! influ5ce t x accords to ! und]/&+4 ,! und]/&+1 react$ ^u by ! intellig5ce1 becomes reason3 x conceives ( op9ions s mu* ! m j1 z its passions are ! m calm4 ,reason _c by its own movem5t atta9 to wisdom & f9d tru?1 because be+ plac$ 9 ! middle ( a sph]e & =c$ f !re1 x describes1 f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce1 a ray always /raight & subord9ate to ! po9t ( dep>ture2 x has aga9/ x inf9ity1 t is to say1 t tru? be+ "o1 & resid+ 9 a s+le po9t ( ! circumf]5ce1 x _c be ! subject ( reason1 only z f> z x is kn[n be=eh&1 & z reason is plac$ 9 ! direction conv5i5t = its enc\nt]4 ,intellig5ce1 :i* c only put reason 9 ?is direction by ! ass5t t x gives at ! po9t ( dep>ture1 w\ld nev] "k ?is po9t only by wisdom :i* is ! fruit ( inspiration3 n[1 inspiration is ! mode ( act+ ( ! w1 :i* jo9+ itself to ! triple ,t]n>y1 z ,i h j describ$1 con/itutes ! human ontological ,quat]n>y4 ,x is ! w :i* envelops ! primordial ,t]n>y 9 its unity1 & :i* det]m9es ! action ( ea* ( its faculties accord+ to its own mode )\t ! w x w\ld h no exi/5ce4 ,! ?ree faculties by :i* ! volitive unity is manife/$ 9 ! triple ,t]n>y1 are memory1 judgm5t1 & imag9ation4 ,^! ?ree faculties1 act+ 9 a homog5e\s unity1 h nei!r height nor dep? & d n affect "o ( ! modifications ( ! be+1 any m ?an ano!r2 !y are all :]ev] ! w is1 & ! w op]ates freely 9 ! intellig5ce or 9 ! und]/&+2 9 ! und]/&+ or 9 ! in/9ct3 :]e x wills to be !re x is2 its faculties foll[ x ev]y:]e4 ,i say t x is :]ev] x wills to be :5 ! be+ is :olly develop$2 = foll[+ ! c\rse ( ,nature1 x is fir/ 9 ! in/9ct & only passes into ! und]/&+ & into ! intellig5ce successively & 9 proportion z ! animi/ic & spiritual faculties are develop$4 ,b 9 ord] t ?is developm5t may take place1 ! w mu/ det]m9e x2 = )\t ! w !re is no movem5t4 ,be assur$ ( ?is4 ,)\t ! op]ation ( ! w1 ! s\l is in]t & ! _s /]ile4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( t inequality among m5 ( :i* ,i h spok54 ,:5 ! w does n dis5gage itself f matt]1 x con/itutes in/9ctive m52 :5 x is conc5trat$ 9 ! und]/&+1 x produces animi/ic m52 :5 x acts 9 ! _s1 x creates intellectual m54 ,its p]fect h>mony 9 ! primordial ,t]n>y1 & its action m or less en]getic 9 ! uni=mity ( _! faculties1 equally develop$1 con/itute ! extraord9>y m5 end[$ ) sublime g5ius2 b ! m5 ( ?is f\r? class :i* repres5ts ! autopsy ( ! my/]ies1#eeg are extremely r>e4 ,(t5 x suffices = a p[]ful w1 act+ ei!r 9 ! und]/&+ or 9 ! intellig5ce & conc5trat+ :olly !re1 to a/oni% m5 by ! /r5g? ( reason+ & outbur/s ( wisdom1 :i* draws ! "n ( g5ius )\t be+ :olly m]it$4 ,rec5tly !re has be5 se5 9 ,g]many ! mo/ extraord9>y reason+1 9 ,kant1 fail+ 9 its aim ?r\gh lack ( intellig5ce2 "o has se5 9 ! same c\ntry ! mo/ exalt$ intellig5ce1 9 ,boehme1 giv+ way = want ( reason4 ,!re h be5 9 all times & among all nations m5 simil> to ,boehme & to ,kant4 ,^! m5 h err$ ?r\gh n kn[+ !mselves2 !y h err$1 ?r\gh a lack ( h>mony t !y might h be5 able to acquire1 if !y _h tak5 ! "t to p]fect !mselves2 !y h err$1 b _! v error atte/s ! =ce ( _! w4 ,a weak w1 op]at+ ei!r 9 ! und]/&+ or 9 ! intellig5ce1 makes only s5sible m5 & m5 ( intellect4 ,?is same w act+ 9 ! in/9ct produces artful m52 & if x is /rong & viol5tly conc5trat$ ?r\gh its orig9al attraction 9 ?is corporal faculty1 x con/itutes m5 dang]\s to society1 miscreants1 & trea*]\s brig&s4 ,aft] hav+ appli$ ! ,py?agorean ,quat]n>y to ,man1 & hav+ %[n ! intimate composition ( ?is ,be+1 image ( ! ,univ]se1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! anci5ts1 ,i ought p]haps to use all ! means 9 my p[]1 9 ord] to demon/rate ) :at facility ! physical & metaphysical ph5om5a :i* result f _! comb9$ action c be d$uc$2 b su* an und]tak+ w\ld necess>ily draw me into details =eign to ^! exam9ations4 ,i mu/ aga9 put (f ?is po9t z ,i h put (f _m o!rs2 ,i w take !m up 9 ano!r "w1 if ! savants & ! ?9k]s to :om ,i address myself approve ! motive :i* has put ! p5 9 my h&4 #bf4 ,b be=e all1 ?y s\l to its fai?ful duty1 ,invoke ^! ,gods ) f]v\r1 !y ^: aid1 ,?y "w begun1 alone c t]m9ate4 ,all ! cults e/abli%$ ^u ! face ( ! e>? h made a religi\s duty ( pray]4 ,?is alone w\ld prove1 if x 7 necess>y1 :at ,i h advanc$ conc]n+ ! !osophical dogma ( ! volitive lib]ty ( man2 = if man 7 n free 9 8 actions1 & if an irresi/ible fatality l$ him on to mis=tune & to crime1 :at use w\ld be invok+ ! gods1 implor+ _! assi/ance1 begg+ !m to turn aside f him ! evils :i* mu/ inevitably ov]:elm him8 ,if1 z ,epicurus taught1 an imp5etrable b>ri] sep>at$ gods & m52 if ^! gods1 absorb$ 9 _! beatitude & _! impassive immortality1 7 su* /rang]s to ! evils ( humanity t !y nei!r tr\bl$ to alleviate !m nor to prev5t !m1 = :at purpose !n ! inc5se burn+ at ! foot ( _! alt>s8#eeh ,x 01 he said1 on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( _! nature t he hon\r$ !m ?us1 & n f any motive ( hope or fe>1 n expect+ any good f !m & n dread+ any evil4#eei ,:at mis]able sophism6 ,h[ c\ld ,epicurus say su* a ?+ be=e hav+ expla9$ cle>ly & )\t amphibology1 :at ! orig9 ( good & evil is1 s z to prove t ! gods inde$ d n coop]ate ei!r = ! augm5tation ( ! "o1 or ! dim9ution ( ! o!r8 ,b ,epicurus _h nev] dream$ ( giv+ ?is explanation4 ,h[ev] little he might h consid]$ x1 he w\ld h se5 t 9 :atev] fa%ion he _h giv5 x1 x w\ld h ov]?r[n ! doctr9e ( atoms2 = a sole pr9ciple1 :atev] x may be1 _c produce at ! same "t good & evil4 ,nev]!less1 if he has n expla9$ ?is orig91 & if he has n %[n 9 a p]emptory way t we are 9 a sph]e :]e absolute evil reigns1 & t consequ5tly we c h no sort ( communication ) t :]e9 good resides1 x w rema9 always evid5t t if we are n 9 su* a sph]e1 & if we possess a portion ( good1 ?is good mu/ come to u f ! sph]e :]e9 absolute good has its s\rce4 ,n[1 ?is sph]e is precisely t 9 :i* ,epicurus places ! gods4#efj ,b1 p]haps1 a def5d] ( ,epicurus w say1 ! good t we possess comes to u only once f ! div9e sph]e & !nce=? x comes to u no m4 ,?is is contr>y to ! mo/ intimate & mo/ g5]al notion t we h ( ! ,div9ity1 to t ( its immutability ^u :i* ,epicurus himself leans mo/1 & f :i* x results t ! gods c\ld nev] be :at !y h be51 nor d :at !y h done4 ,9 "o ^w1 j z well z 9 a ?\s&1 any mak] ( a sy/em is oblig$ to d "o ( two ?+s1 ei!r to decl>e himself :at ! orig9 is ( good & evil1 or to admit a priori ! !osophical dogma ( ! lib]ty ( man4 ,epicurus knew ?is1 & al?\gh ?is dogma might ru9 8 sy/em completely1 he pref]r$ to admit x ?an expose himself to give an explanation beyond 8 capability & beyond t ( all m54 ,b if man is free1 he c be c\nsell$2 if he c be c\nsell$1 x is evid5t t he c1 ev5 t he mu/1 dem& c\nsel4 ,?is is ! rational pr9ciple ( pray]4 ,n[1 common s5se is ! ask+ = c\nsel wis] ?an its own1 & sagacity %[s 9 ! ,gods ! s\rce ( wisdom4 ,epicurus1 nev]!less1 d5i$ ! int]v5tion ( div9e ,provid5ce & pret5d$ t ! ,gods1 absorb$ 9 _! supreme felicity1 d n m+le 9 any affair4#efa ,a s+le "q1 simple & nave1 w\ld ov]?r[ ?is ass]tion de/itute ( pro(s1 & besides1 inconsi/5t ) ! conduct ( ,greek philosophy2 b ,i pref] to leave ?is "q to ,bayle1 :o has exp5d$ mu* logic 9 su/a9+ ?is po9t4 ,?is ,fr5* philosoph]1 "u pretext ( mak+ ,epicurus dispute ) a poly!i/ic prie/1 advances aga9/ ,provid5ce an argum5t :i* he believes irresi/ible1 & :i* is1 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ subtle t "o c\ld possibly advance4 8,are ! gods satisfi$ ) _! adm9i/ration or are !y dissatisfi$8 ,be m9dful10 he says1 8( my dilemma3 if !y are satisfi$ ) :at comes to pass "u _! provid5ce1 !y are pleas$ ) evil2 if !y are dissatisfi$1 !y are unhappy40#efb ,! mann] 9 :i* ,bayle ?r[s himself into ! mid/ ( ! "q1 )\t exam9+ ! pr9ciples ( x1 d5\nces him z a skeptic2 x is necess>y !re=e to use aga9/ him ! weapons t ,i h giv5 aga9/ skepticism2 t is1 to br+ him back abruptly to ! pr9ciples1 by int]rogat+ him be=e reply+ to him4 ,x is necess>y to ask him1 if he admits a diff]5ce betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n8 ,he is =c$ to admit x1 z ,i h said2 = 9 :atev] region ( himself 8 w takes refuge1 :e!r x ex]cises its judgm5t 9 ! in/9ct1 9 ! und]/&+ or 9 ! intellig5ce1 y w pursue x 9 him oppos+1 9 ! fir/ case1 ! axiom ( common s5se3 no?+ is made f no?+2 9 ! second1 t ( reason3 t :i* is1 is2 9 ! la/1 t ( sagacity3 ev]y?+ has its opposite & c h only "o4 ,no?+ is made f no?+ !re=e t :i* is n1 c nev] produce t :i* is4 ,t :i* is1 is2 !re=e1 t :i* is n1 is n t :i* is4 ,ev]y?+ has its opposite & c h only "o2 !re=e ! absolute opposite ( t :i* is1 is t :i* is n4 ,if ! skeptic refuses himself ! evid5ce ( common s5se1 ( reason & ( sagacity unit$1 he lies to 8 consci5ce1 or he is mad & !n "o mu/ leave him4 ,! diff]5ce admitt$ betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n1 proce$s !re=e aga9/ ,bayle1 or aga9/ ^? :o resemble him2 ask !m if man is a prey to absolute evil1 :e!r physical or moral8 ,!y w reply to y1 no2 = !y w feel t if !y %\ld respond o!rwise1 y w\ld prove to !m t n hav+ ! faculty ( mak+ a diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil1 nor ( comp>+ !m toge!r1 !y c\ld nev] draw f ?is comp>ison _! /ronge/ argum5t aga9/ ,provid5ce4 ,!y w1 !re=e1 reply t man is n a prey to absolute evil1 b to a v great relative evil2 z great z !y wi%4 ,y1 nev]!less cont9ue ?us3 if man is n a prey to absolute evil1 he might be1 s9ce x w\ld suffice = ?is to take away ! sum ( good :i* mitigates ! evil1 & :i* ! diff]5ce1 previ\sly e/abli%$ betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is n1 tea*es to di/+ui%4 ,n[1 ?is sum ( good1 :5ce comes x8 ,:o disp5ses x8 ,:o8 ,if ! skeptics are sil5t1 affirm = !m t x emanates f ! gods !mselves & t ,provid5ce is ! disp5s]4 ,!n reply to _! dilemma1 & say t ! gods are cont5t ) _! adm9i/ration & t !y h reason to be1 s9ce by x !y procure a sum ( good increas+ m & m1 = ! be+s :i* )\t ,provid5ce w\ld nev] "k x2 & t _! ,provid5ce1 :i* has mitigat$ evil f its orig91 mitigates x /ill & w mitigate x to its end2 & if ! a/oni%$ skeptics object t ,provid5ce takes a great deal ( "t to make :at %\ld be made 9 an in/ant1 reply to !m t x is n a "q ( kn[+ h[ nor :y x makes ?+s1 b only t x makes !m2 :i* is prov$ by ! ov]?r[ ( _! dilemma2 & :i*1 aft] all1 is say+ ) m reason 9 ?is circum/ance ?an 9 any o!r1 t "t has no?+ to d ) ! affair1 s9ce x is no?+ to ,provid5ce1 al?\gh = u x may be mu*4 ,& if1 cont9u+ to draw inf]5ces f y\r reason+1 ! skeptics say to y t1 accord+ to ! cont9ual effusion ( good :i* y e/abli%1 ! sum ought to be daily augm5t$1 :il/ t ( evil1 dim9i%+ 9 ! same proportion1 ought at la/ to disappe> :olly1 :i* !y _c believe2 reply1 t ! inf]5ces ( a reason+ :i* conf\nds !irs are at _! disposal2 t !y c d$uce f !m z mu* z !y wi%2 )\t engag+ y1 = t matt]1 to discuss ! ext5t ( _! view1 ei!r 9 ! pa/1 or 9 ! future1 because ea* "o has 8 own2 t1 besides1 y owe x to tru? to tea* !m t ! dogma1 by means ( :i* y h ru9$ ! labori\s /ructure ( _! logic1 is no o!r ?an a !osophical tradition1 univ]sally receiv$ f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r1 z x is easy to prove to !m4 ,op5 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,*9ese1 ! ,burmans1 ,indians1 & ,p]sians1 y w f9d !re ! unequivocal traces ( ?is dogma4 ,"h1 x is ,provid5ce repres5t$ "u ! traits ( a cele/ial virg91 :o1 s5t by ! ,supreme ,be+1 furni%$ arms to combat & to subjugate ! g5ius ( evil1 & to br+ to p]fection ev]y?+ t x _h corrupt$4#efc ,!re1 x is ! ,univ]se itself & ! ,worlds :i* compose x1 :i* are signaliz$ z ! in/rum5t employ$ by ?is same ,provid5ce to atta9 ?is end4#efd ,su* 0 ! secret doctr9e ( ! my/]ies4#efe ,good & ,evil 7 repres5t$ 9 ! sanctu>ies "u ! emblems ( light & d>kness3 ! =midable spectacle ( ! combat betwe5 ^! two oppos$ pr9ciples 0 giv5 !re to ! initiate2 & aft] _m sc5es ( t]ror1 ! mo/ obscure night 0 ins5sibly succe$$ by ! pure/ & mo/ brilliant day4#eff ,x 0 exactly ?is t ,zoroa/] _h publicly taught4 ,ormuzd said ?is !osophi/ knew by 8 sov]eign sci5ce t at fir/ he c\ld 9 no way influ5ce ,ahriman2 b t aft]w>ds he unit$ ) him & t at la/ he f9i%$ by subjugat+ him & *ang+ him to su* a degree t ! ,univ]se exi/$ )\t evil = a duration ( c5turies4#efg ,:5 ! end ( ! _w comes he said 9 ano!r place ! wick$e/ ( ! inf]nal spirits w be pure1 excell5t1 cele/ial3 yes he adds1 he w become cele/ial1 ?is li>1 ?is evil do]2 he w become holy1 cele/ial1 excell5t1 ?is cruel "o3 vice itself1 brea?+ only virtue1 w make long (f]+s ( praise to ,ormuzd be=e all ! _w4#efh ,^! words are ! m rem>kable :5 "o consid]s t ! dogma relat+ to ! d[nfall ( ! rebelli\s angel has pass$ f ! cosmogony ( ! ,p>sees into t ( ! ,hebrews1 & t x is ^u ?is dogma alone1 imp]fectly int]pret$ by ! vulg>1 t ! contradictory doctr9e ( ! et]nity ( evil & ! torm5ts t foll[ x1 h be5 f\nd$4 ,?is doctr9e1 b little und]/ood1 has be5 %>ply attack$4#efi ,simon1 v inappropriately surnam$ ! ,magician1 =c$ ,/4 ,pet] himself1 disput+ ) him1 to ackn[l$ge t ! ,hebraic writ+s _h said no?+ positive on ?is subject4#egj ,?is is c]ta94 ,^! writ+s1 int]pret$ z !y h be5 by ! ,hell5ic ,jews & giv5 out "u ! "n ( ,v]sion ( ! ,septuag9t1 %$ no light ^u ?is important po9t2 b x is well to "k t ^! int]pret]s h design$ly conceal$ ?is light1 9 ord] n to divulge ! mean+ ( _! sacr$ book4 ,if "o und]/ood ?or\ghly ! language ( ,moses1 "o w\ld see t1 f> f sett+ aside ! !osophical traditions :i* he _h receiv$ 9 ,egypt1 ?is !ocratic legislator rema9$ con/antly fai?ful to !m4 ,! passage 9 8 ,seph] :]e he speaks ( ! annihilation ( ,evil1 9 ! mean+ ( ,zoroa/]1 is 9 *apt] iii41 v4 #ae1 ( ! "p vulg>ly call$ ,g5esis1 z ,i hope "o day to %[4#ega ,b )\t ent]+ at ?is "t1 into ! discussion :]e ! real translation ( ?is passage w\ld lead me1 let x suffice to say t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 v f> f admitt+ ! et]nity ( evil2 = )\t speak+ ( ,manes & 8 num]\s foll[]s :o %>$ ! op9ion ( ,zoroa/]1#egb ^? :o are v]s$ 9 ^! sorts ( matt]s "k t ,orig5 taught t torm5ts w n be et]nal1 & t demons1 in/ruct$ by *a/isem5t1 w be conv]t$ at la/ & w obta9 _! p>don4#egc ,he 0 foll[$ 9 ?is by a great numb] ( le>n$ m51 by ! evid5ce ( ,beausobre :o quotes1 on ?is subject1 ! example ( a philosoph] ( ,edessa1 :o ma9ta9$ t aft] ! consummation ( ! ages1 all creatures w\ld become consub/antial ) ,god4#egd ,"o ?+ wor?y ( notice is t ,zoroa/]1 :o has made pray] "o ( ! pr9cipal dogmas ( 8 religion1 has be5 imitat$ 9 ?is by ,mohamm$1 :o1 unkn[+ly1 p]haps1 has borr[$ a great numb] ( ?+s f ?is anci5t legislator ( ! ,p>sees4 ,x is presumable t ! foll[]s ( ,manes1 hav+ retir$ to ,arabia1 7 responsible = ^! borr[+s1 by ! op9ions t !y circulat$ !re4 ,b1 x mu/ be frankly /at$1 ?is dogma1 q 9 its place 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 does n appe> s consi/5t 9 ! ,koran1 =1 ( :at use is x 9 a cult :]e ! pr$e/9ation ( m51 necessitat$ by ! ,presci5t & ,all-,p[]ful ,div9e1 deliv]s irresi/ibly ! greate/ "p ( !m to an et]nal damnation1 on acc\nt ( ! orig9al /a9 impr9t$ ^u mank9d by ! s9 ( ! fir/ man8 ,"o _c be prev5t$1 9 reflect+ ^u ?is manife/ contradiction1 f believ+ t ! !osophical tradition p]ta9+ to ! free w ( man1 & ! influ5c+ action ( ,provid5ce op]at+ ! progressive augm5tation ( good & ! gradual dim9ution ( evil1 ann\nc$ op5ly by ,zoroa/]1 mu/ h act$ secretly 9 ! m9d ( ! !ocratic legislator ( ,arabia4 ,if x _h n be5 ?us1 ! pray]s t he ord]$ z "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ ess5tial duties ( ! religion1 w\ld h be5 )\t object4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras reveal$ by ,hi]ocles1 two ?+s agree 9 ! efficacy ( pray]3 ! volunt>y movem5t ( our s\l1 & aid f heav54 ,! fir/ ( ^! ?+s is t :i* seeks goodness2 & ! o!r t :i* %[s x4 ,pray] is a m$ium betwe5 our que/ & ! cele/ial gift4 ,"o seeks1 "o prays 9 va91 if "o adds n pray] to rese>* & rese>* to pray]4 ,virtue is an emanation f ,god2 x is l a reflect$ image ( ! ,div9ity1 ! resemblance ( :i* alone con/itutes ! good & ! beautiful4 ,! s\l :i* is atta*$ to ?is admirable type ( all p]fection is ar\s$ to pray] by its incl9ation to virtue1 & x augm5ts ?is incl9ation by ! effusion ( ! goodness :i* x receives by means ( pray]2 s t x does precisely :at x dem&s & dem&s :at x does4#ege ,socrates 0 n f> f ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras 9 ?is respect2 he add$ only1 t pray] exact$ mu* precaution & prud5ce1 le/1 )\t p]ceiv+ x1 "o dem& ( ,god great evils1 9 ?9k+ to ask great bless+s4 ,! sage he said kn[s :at he ought to say or d2 ! fool is ignorant ( x2 ! "o implores 9 pray]1 :at c be really useful to him2 ! o!r desires (t5 ?+s :i*1 be+ grant$ him1 become = him ! s\rce ( greate/ mis=tunes4 ,! prud5t man he adds1 h[ev] little he may d\bt himself1 ought to resign himself to ,provid5ce :o kn[s bett] ?an he1 ! consequ5ces t ?+s mu/ h4 ,?is is :y ,socrates cit$ z a model ( s5se & reason ?is pray] ( an anci5t poet3 ,grant u good :e!r pray$ = or uns\ght by u2 ,b t :i* we ask amiss1 d ?\ av]t4#egf ,! pray] 01 z ,i h said1 "o ( ! pr9cipal dogmas ( ! religion ( ,zoroa/]#egg3 ! ,p]sians also _h ! greate/ confid5ce !re94 ,l ! ,*aldeans1 !y f\nd$ all magical p[] ^u its efficacy4 ,!y /ill possess today c]ta9 k9ds ( pray]s = conjur+ maladies & driv+ away demons4 ,^! pray]s1 :i* !y "n tavids1 are writt5 ^u /rips ( pap] & c>ri$ aft] ! mann] ( talismans4#egh ,x is q well-kn[n t ! mod]n ,jews use !m 9 ! same way4 ,9 ?is !y imitate1 z 9 innum]able o!r ?+s1 ! anci5t ,egyptians ^: secret doctr9e ,moses has transmitt$ to !m4#egi ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 incl9$ to !osophical ideas on ?is subject4 ,orig5 expla9s x cle>ly 9 speak+ ( ! virtue atta*$ to c]ta9 names invok$ by ! ,egyptian sages & ! mo/ enlight5$ ( ! magians ( ,p]sia4#ehj ,synesius1 ! fam\s ,bi%op ( ,ptolemas1 initiat$ into ! my/]ies1 decl>es t ! sci5ce1 by means ( :i* "o l9k$ ! intelligible ess5ces to s5ti5t =ms1 by ! invocation ( spirits1 0 nei!r va9 nor crim9al1 b on ! contr>y q innoc5t & f\nd$ ^u ! nature ( ?+s4#eha ,py?agoras 0 accus$ ( magic4 ,ignorance & weakness ( m9d h always *>g$ sci5ce ) ?is banal accusation4#ehb ,?is philosoph]1 rightly plac$ 9 ! rank ( ! able/ physicians ( ,greece1#ehc 01 accord+ to 8 mo/ devot$ disciples1 nei!r ( ! numb] ( ! gods1 nor ev5 ( ^? ( ! div9e h]oes2 he 0 a man :om virtue & wisdom _h adorn$ ) a lik5ess to ! gods1 by ! complete purify+ ( 8 und]/&+ :i* _h be5 effect$ ?r\gh contemplation & pray]4#ehd ,?is is :at ,lysis express$ by ! foll[+ l9es3 #bg4 ,in/ruct$ by !m1 naught %all !n deceive !e2 ,( div]se be+s ?\ %alt s\nd ! ess5ce2 ,& ?\ %alt "k ! pr9ciple & end ( ,all4 ,t is to say1 t ! true disciple ( ,py?agoras1 plac$ en rapport ) ! gods ?r\gh contemplation1 arriv$ at ! highe/ degree ( p]fection1 call$ 9 ! my/]ies1 autopsy2 saw fall be=e him ! false veil :i* until !n _h hidd5 ,tru?1 & contemplat$ ,nature 9 its remote/ s\rces4 ,x is necess>y1 9 ord] to atta9 to ?is sublime degree1 t ! intellig5ce1 p5etrat$ by ! div9e ray ( inspiration1 %\ld fill ! und]/&+ ) a light int5se en\gh to dissipate all ! illusions ( ! s5ses1 to exalt ! s\l & release x :olly f ?+s mat]ial4 ,?us x 0 expla9$ by ,socrates & ,plato4#ehe ,^! philosoph]s & _! num]\s disciples put no limit to ! advantages ( autopsy1 or !ophany1 z !y sometimes nam$ ?is highe/ degree ( ! tele/ic sci5ce4 ,!y believ$ t ! contemplation ( ,god c\ld be c>ri$ s f> dur+ ?is same life1 t ! s\l became n only unit$ to ?is ,be+ ( be+s1 b t x 0 m+l$ & bl5d$ ) x4 ,plot9us boa/$ hav+ exp]i5c$ ! joy ( ?is beatific vision f\r times1 accord+ to ,porphyry1 :o himself claim$ to h be5 hon\r$ ) x at ! age ( sixty-eight4#ehf ,! great aim ( ! my/]ies 0 to tea* ! initiates ! possibility ( ?is union ( man ) ,god1 & to indicate to !m ! means4 ,all initiations1 all my?ological doctr9es1 t5d$ only to alleviate ! s\l ( ! weight ( mat]ial ?+s1 to purify x1 s t1 desir\s ( spiritual welf>e1 & be+ project$ beyond ! circle ( g5]ations1 x c\ld rise to ! s\rce ( its exi/5ce4#ehg ,if "o exam9es c>efully ! diff]5t cults :i* /ill dom9ate ^u e>?1 "o w see t !y h n be5 animat$ by any o!r _s4 ,! k ( ! ,be+ ( be+s has be5 (f]$ ev]y:]e z ! aim ( wisdom2 its similitude1 z ! cr[n ( p]fection2 & its enjoym5t1 z ! object ( all desires & ! goal ( all ef=ts4 ,! enum]ation ( its inf9ite faculties has v>i$2 b :5 "o has d>$ fix "o's att5tion ^u ! unity ( its ess5ce1 "o has always def9$ x z has ,py?agoras3 ! pr9ciple & ! end ( all ?+s4 ,! ,_s :5ce proce$ ! creat$ be+s say ! ,brahmans1 by :i* !y live aft] be+ emanat$ f x1 t[>d :i* !y aspire1 & 9 :i* !y are f9ally absorb$1 ?is ,_s is t1 to ! k ( :i* ?\ %\ld/ aspire1 ! ,great ,be+4#ehh,! ,univ]se is "o ( its =ms4#ehi;,x is ! ,be+ ( be+s3 )\t =m1 )\t quality1 )\t passion2 imm5se1 incompreh5sible1 inf9ite1 indivisible1 incorporal1 irresi/ible3 no intellig5ce c conceive ( its op]ations & its w suffices to move all intellig5ces4#eij;,x is ! ,tru? & ! ,sci5ce :i* nev] p]i%4#eia;,its wisdom1 its p[]1 & its plan1 are z an imm5se & limitless sea :i* no be+ is 9 condition ei!r to trav]se or to fa?om4 ,!re is no o!r ,god ?an x4 ,! ,univ]se is fill$ ) its imm5sity4 ,x is ! pr9ciple ( all ?+s )\t hav+ pr9ciples4#eib ,god is "o1#eic et]nal1 l unto a p]fect sph]e :i* has nei!r beg9n+ nor end4 ,he rules & gov]ns all t exi/s by a g5]al provid5ce1 resultant ( fix$ & det]m9$ pr9ciples4 ,man ought n to seek to p5etrate ! nature or ! ess5ce ( ?is ,ineffable ,be+3 su* a rese>* is va9 & crim9al4 ,?us d ! ,h9du sages express !mselves 9 sundry places4 ,!y comm5d aspir+ to ! k ( ! ,be+ ( be+s1 mak+ oneself wor?y to be absorb$ 9 its bosom2 & =bid1 at ! same "t1 seek+ to p5etrate its nature4 ,i h already said t su* 0 ! doctr9e ( ! my/]ies4 ,i am ab\t to add an important reflection 9 ord] to ca/ "s light ^u a doctr9e :i*1 at fir/ glance1 appe>s contradictory4 ,man1 :o aspires by ! inn] movem5t ( 8 w1 to atta9 to ! highe/ degree ( human p]fection1 & :o1 by ! purification ( 8 und]/&+1 & ! acquisition ( cele/ial virtues1 puts himself 9 a /ate to receive ! tru?1 mu/ obs]ve t ! high] he rises 9 ! intelligible sph]e1 ! ne>] he approa*es to ! unfa?omable ,be+ ^: contemplation mu/ make 8 happ9ess1 ! less he c communicate ! k ( x to o!rs2 = tru?1 com+ to him "u intelligible =ms m & m univ]saliz$1 c nev] be conta9$ 9 ! rational or s5ti5t =ms t he might give x4 ,"h is ! po9t :]e _m my/ic contemplators h gone a/ray4 ,z !y _h nev] adequately fa?om$ ! triple modification ( _! be+1 & z !y _h n kn[n ! intimate composition ( ! human ,quat]n>y1 !y 7 ignorant ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! trans=mation ( ideas 0 made1 z mu* 9 ! asc5dant progression z 9 ! desc5dant progression2 s t1 confus+ cont9ually und]/&+ & intellig5ce1 & mak+ no diff]5ce betwe5 ! products ( _! w accord+ z x act$ 9 "o or ! o!r ( its modifications1 !y (t5 %[$ ! opposite ( :at !y int5d$ to %[2 & in/ead ( ! se]s t !y might1 p]haps1 h be51 !y became vision>ies4 ,i c\ld give a great _m examples ( ^! ab]rations2 b ,i w limit myself to a s+le "o1 because ! man :o furni%es x = me1 immeasurably great on ! side ( intellig5ce1 lack$ und]/&+ & felt ke5ly himself1 ! weakness ( 8 reason4 ,?is man1 ^: audaci\s gaze has p5etrat$ z f> z ! div9e sanctu>y1 is a ,g]man %oemak] ( obscure bir?1 call$ ,jacob ,boehme4 ,! ru/icity ( 8 m9d1 ! r\ghness ( 8 "*1 & m ?an all t1 ! =ce & ! numb] ( 8 prejudices1 r5d] 8 works almo/ un9telligible & !re=e repel ! savants4 ,b :5 "o has ! pati5ce & tal5t necess>y to sep>ate ! pure gold f its dross & f its alloy1 "o c f9d !re ?+s :i* are n[h]e else4 ,^! ?+s1 :i* pres5t !mselves ne>ly always "u ! odde/ & mo/ absurd =ms1 h tak5 !m by pass+ f 8 intellig5ce to 8 in/9ct1 )\t 8 reason hav+ _h ! =ce to oppose itself4 ,?is is h[ he artlessly expresses ?is trans=mation ( ideas3 8,n[ t ,i h rais$ myself s high1 ,i d>e n look back = fe> t gidd9ess may seize me ''' = z long z ,i asc5d1 ,i am conv9c$ ( my impulse2 b x is n ! same :5 ,i turn my head & :5 ,i wi% to desc5d2 !n ,i am tr\bl$1 ,i am bewild]$1 x seems to me t ,i %all fall40#eid ,& 9 tru? he fell s rapidly t he did n p]ceive1 ei!r ! t]rible disp>ity betwe5 8 ideas & 8 expressions1 nor ! manife/ contradictions into :i* 8 prejudices _h drawn him4 ,^! grave disadvantages1 :i* d n /rike ! vulg>1 7 p]fectly und]/ood & appreciat$ by ! sages4 ,! in/itutors ( ! my/]ies 7 n ignorant ( !m & x is = ?is t !y _h impos$ ! mo/ absolute sil5ce ^u ! initiates & p>ticul>ly ^u ! epopts1 to :om !y gave _! highe/ tea*+s4 ,!y made !m feel readily t intelligible ?+s c only become s5ti5t by be+ trans=m$1 & t ?is trans=mation requires a tal5t & an au?ority ev51 :i* _c be ! appanage ( all m54 ,i am n[ at ! close ( my reflection4 ,! div]se cults e/abli%$ ^u e>? are b ! trans=mations ( ideas2 t is to say1 p>ticul> =ms ( religion1 by means ( :i* a !ocratic legislator or !osophic sage r5d]s s5ti5t t :i* is intelligible1 & puts )9 rea* ( all m5 :at1 )\t ^! =ms1 w\ld h be5 only )9 rea* ( a v small numb]2 n[1 ^! trans=mations c only be effect$ 9 ?ree ways1 accord+ to ! ?ree faculties ( ! human ,t]n>y2 ! f\r?1 :i* conc]ns its ,quat]n>y or its relative unity1 be+ impossible4 ,i beg ! read] to recall :at ,i h said1 t\*+ ! intimate composition & movem5t ( ?is ,quat]n>y1 & grant me a little att5tion4 ,! aim ( all ! cults be+ to conduct to ! k ( ! ,div9ity1 !y diff] only by ! r\te t !y travel 9 its atta9m5t1 & ?is r\te dep5ds always ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,div9ity has be5 consid]$ by ! f\nd] ( ! cult4 ,if ?is f\nd] has consid]$ x 9 8 intellig5ce1 he has se5 ! ,div9ity 9 its univ]sal modifications1 &1 !re=e1 triple1 z ! ,univ]se2 if he has consid]$ x 9 8 und]/&+1 he has se5 x 9 its creative pr9ciples1 &1 !re=e1 d\ble z ,nature2 if he has consid]$ x 9 8 in/9ct1 he has se5 x 9 its faculties & its attributes1 &1 !re=e1 inf9ite1 z ,matt]2 if he has consid]$ x1 f9ally1 9 its prop] volitive unity1 act+ at once 9 its ?ree modifications1 he has se5 ?is same ,div9ity accord+ to ! =ce & movem5t ( 8 ?\ght1 ei!r 9 its absolute ess5ce or 9 its univ]sal ess5ce2 t is1 ,"o 9 its cause1 or ,"o 9 its effects4 ,exam9e closely :at ,i h said & see if !re exi/s a s+le cult ^u ! face ( ! e>? t y may n connect ) "o ( ! k9ds ^: orig9 ,i h indicat$4 ,i h said t ! ,div9ity1 consid]$ 9 ! human intellig5ce1 is %[n "u ! emblem ( ! univ]sal ,t]n>y2 h5ce all ! cults :i* are dom9at$ by ?ree pr9cipal gods z 9 ,india1#eie 9 ,greece & 9 ,italy1#eif ?ree pr9cipal modifications 9 ! same ,god1 z 9 ,*9a1#eig 9 ,japan1 9 ,tibet & among ! consid]able foll[]s ( ,fo-,hi or ,buddha4#eih ,?is cult1 :i* has be5 call$ t ( ! ,tri!i/s1 is "o ( ! mo/ widespread on e>?1 & "o :i* has m+l$ mo/ easily ) ! o!rs4 ,x pleases ! imag9ation & gives to wisdom great p[] to rise to intelligible tru?s4 ,i h said t ! ,div9ity1 consid]$ 9 ! human und]/&+1 is manife/ "u ! emblem ( two natural pr9ciples3 h5ce1 all ! cults :]e9 two oppos$ be+s appe>1 z 9 ! cult ( ,zoroa/]4 ,?is cult1 :i* is r>ely enc\nt]$ z pure z among ! anci5t ,p]sians1 or among ! foll[]s ( ,manes1 m+les readily ) tri!ism & ev5 poly!ism3 x 0 q recognizable 9 ,egypt & among ! ,sc&9avians1 & mu* m involv$ among ! ,indians1 ,greeks1 & ,lat9s4 ,?is cult c\ld be consid]$ z a natural ,di>*y1 & ^? :o foll[ x1 ,di>*i/s4 ,judgm5t & reason con=m v well 9 x2 "o also sees ord9>ily1 pr(\nd reason]s & skeptics1 incl9+ !re nol5s vol5s4#eii ,its abuse leads to a!ism2 b x (f]s great means1 :5 "o kn[s h[ to make good use ( x1 to p5etrate ! ess5ce ( ?+s & succe$ to ! explanation ( natural ph5om5a4 ,aga9 ,i say1 t ! ,div9ity consid]$ 9 ! in/9ct is pres5t$ "u ! emblem ( mat]ial inf9ity3 h5ce1 all cults :]e1 by a contr>y movem5t1 ! intelligible becomes s5ti5t & ! s5ti5t intelligible2 z :5 ! attributes & faculties ( ! ,div9ity are p>ticul>iz$ & p]sonifi$1 & z ! ag5ts ( ,nature1 ! p>ts ( ! ,univ]se & ! individual be+s !mselves1 are deifi$4 ,?is cult1 to :i* ,i h giv5 ! "n ( ,poly!ism1 is ev]y:]e1 "u diff]5t =ms & "u diff]5t names1 ! portion ( ! vulg>4 ,m or less app>5t x ins9uates itself 9 ! mid/ ( ! o!r two1 multiplies ! images ( ! intellectual modifications & ! natural pr9ciples1 & :atev] att5tions ! !osophi/s br+ to =e/all its invasion1 end by /ifl+ utt]ly ! _s ( x b5ea? ! mat]ial cov]+ :i* envelops !m4 ,?is cult1 ! cradle ( all religions1 ) :i* ! o!r two c nev] entirely disp5se1 :i* n\ri%es & lives 9 _! life1 is also ! tomb4 ,x pleases s+ul>ly t faculty ( man :i* is develop$ fir/1 s5se p]ception2 x aids ! developm5t ( in/9ct & c1 by ! sole m$ium ( common s5se1 lead to ! k ( ! natural pr9ciples4 ,its abuse precipitates peoples into idolatry & sup]/ition2 its good use ar\ses ! tal5ts & gives bir? to h]oic virtues4 ,"o becomes arti/ or h]o ?r\gh ! exaltation ( ,poly!ism2 savant or philosoph] ?r\gh t ( ,di>*y2 & sage or !osophi/ ?r\gh t ( ,tri!ism4 ,^! ?ree cults1 :e!r pure or v>i\sly mix$1 are ! only ones 9 :i* trans=mation may be possible2 t is to say1 :i* may be clo!d 9 o/5sible =ms & enclos$ 9 any sort ( ritual4 ,! f\r? cult1 :i* is f\nd$ ^u ! absolute unity ( ,god1 is n trans=mable4 ,?is is ! reason4 ,! ,div9ity consid]$ 9 ! volitive unity ( man1 act+ at ! same "t 9 its pr9cipal faculties1 is manife/$ f9ally1 9 its absolute ess5ce1 or 9 its univ]sal ess5ce2 ,"o 9 its cause1 or ,"o 9 its effects3 !nce1 n only all public cults1 b all secret my/]ies1 all doctr9es my/ic & contemplative2 = h[ c t :i* has no lik5ess to any?+ be repres5t$8 ,h[ r5d] s5ti5t t :i* is beyond all intellig5ce8 ,:at expressions w be consi/5t ) t :i* is inexpressible1 ) t :i* is m ineffable ?an sil5ce itself8 ,:at temples w "o raise to t :i* is incompreh5sible1 inaccessible1 unfa?omable8 ,! !osophi/s & sages h realiz$ ^! difficulties2 !y h se5 t x 0 necess>y to suppress all disc\rse1 to set aside all simulacra3 to r5\nce all enclosures1 to annihilate f9ally all s5ti5t objects or to be expos$ to give false ideas ( ! absolute ess5ce ( a ,be+ t nei!r "t nor space c conta94 ,_m h d>$ ! und]tak+4 ,"o kn[s1 9 delv+ into ages long s9ce pa/1 t ! anci5t ,magians ( ,p]sia erect$ no temple & set up no /atue4#fjj ,! ,druids act$ 9 ! same mann]4#fja ,! =m] invok$ ! ,pr9ciple ( all ?+s ^u ! summits ( m\nta9s2 ! latt]1 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/s4 ,bo? deem$ x unwor?y ( ! div9e ,maje/y to enclose x )9 prec9cts & to repres5t x by a mat]ial image4#fjb ,x ev5 appe>s t ! e>ly ,romans %>$ ?is op9ion4#fjc ,b ?is cult1 entirely intellectual & de/itute ( =ms1 c\ld n subsi/ long4 ,p]ceptible objects 7 ne$$ by ! p1 on :i* !y might place _! ideas4 ,^! objects1 ev5 9 spite ( ! legislator :o s\ght to proscribe !m1 ins9uat$ !mselves4#fjd ,images1 /atues1 temples 7 multipli$ not)/&+ ! laws :i* prohibit$ !m4 ,at t "t if ! cult did n und]go a salut>y re=m1 x 0 *ang$1 ei!r into a gross an?ropomorphism1 or into an absolute mat]ialism3 t is to say1 t a man ( ! p be+ unable to rise to ! div9e ,unity1 drew x d[n to 8 level2 & ! savant1 be+ unable to compreh5d x & believ+ nev]!less to grasp x1 confus$ x ) ,nature4 ,x 0 to evade ?is inevitable cata/rophe t ! sages & !osophi/s _h1 z ,i h said1 made a my/]y ( ! ,unity ( ,god1 & _h conceal$ x 9 ! inmo/ recesses ( ! sanctu>ies4 ,x 0 only aft] _m trials1 & n until ! initiate 0 judg$ wor?y to be admitt$ to ! sublime degree ( autopsy1 t ! la/ veil 0 lift$ to 8 gaze1 & ! pr9ciple & end ( all ?+s1 ! ,be+ ( be+s1 9 all its unfa?omable ,unity1 0 deliv]$ to 8 contemplation4#fje #bh4 ,if ,heav5 wills x1 ?\ %alt "k t ,nature1 ,alike 9 ev]y?+1 is ! same 9 e place4 ,i h already said t ! homog5eity ( ,nature 01 ) ! unity ( ,god1 "o ( ! greate/ secrets ( ! my/]ies4 ,py?agoras f\nd$ ?is homog5eity ^u ! unity ( ! _s by :i* x is p5etrat$ & f :i*1 accord+ to him1 all our s\ls draw _! orig94#fjf ,?is dogma :i* he _h receiv$ f ! ,*aldeans & f ! prie/s ( ,egypt 0 admitt$ by all ! sages ( antiquity1 z is prov$ at great l5g? by ,/anley & ! a/ute ,beausobre4#fjg ,^! sages e/abli%$ a h>mony1 a p]fect analogy betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 ! intelligible & ! s5ti5t1 ! indivisible sub/ance & ! divisible sub/ance2 9 su* a mann] t t :i* took place 9 "o ( ! regions ( ! ,univ]se or ( ! modifications ( ! primordial ,t]n>y 0 ! exact image ( t :i* took place 9 ! o!r4 ,?is idea is f\nd v =cibly reveal$ by ! anci5t ,?o?1 call$ ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1#fjh by ! ,greeks1 9 ! table ( ,em]ald :i* is attribut$ to him4 ,9 tru?1 & )\t fiction1 9 tru?1 9 tru?1 ,i say to y1 t ?+s inf]ior are l unto ! sup]ior2 bo? unite _! inv9cible =ces to produce "o sole ?+1 ! mo/ m>vell\s ( all1 & z all ?+s are emanat$ by ! w ( "o unique ,god1 ?us all ?+s :atsoev] mu/ be eng5d]$ by ?is sole ?+1by a disposition ( ,univ]sal nature4#fji ,i mu/ say1 h[ev]1 t x is ^u ! homog5eity ( ,nature t 7 f\nd$ 9 ! pr9ciple all ! s-call$ occult sci5ces ( :i* ! pr9cipal f\r1 relat+ to ! human ,quat]n>y1 7 ,!urgy1 ,a/rology1 ,magic1 & ,*emi/ry4#faj ,i h already spok5 ( ! a/rological sci5ce1 & ,i h giv5 suffici5t evid5ce ( :at ,i ?9k reg>d+ ! ridicul\s & petty ideas conc]n+ x t ! modems h conceiv$4 ,i w refra9 f speak+ ( ! o!r ?ree1 on acc\nt ( ! prolixities into :i* ! discussions t !y w\ld provoke might lure me4 ,9 ano!r "w ,i w endeav\r to %[ t ! pr9ciples ^u :i* !y 7 support$ diff]$ greatly f ^? :i* sup]/ition & bl9d cr$ulity h giv5 !m 9 times ( ignorance2 & t ! sci5ces taught to ! initiates 9 ! anci5t sanctu>ies1 "u ! names ( ,!urgy1 ,magic1 or ,*emi/ry1 diff]$ mu* f :at ! vulg> h und]/ood 9 lat] times by ! same words4 #bi4 ,s t1 z to ?y true rights enlight5$1 ,?9e he>t %all no m fe$ on va9 desires4 ,t is to say1 t ! disciple ( ,py?agoras1 hav+ atta9$ ?r\gh k ( himself to t ( tru?1 ought to judge sanely ( ! possibility or impossibility ( ?+s1 & to f9d 9 wisdom itself t j mean :i* he has f\nd 9 virtue & 9 sci5ce4 ,equally di/ant f t bl9d cr$ulity :i* admits & seeks )\t reflection ! ?+s mo/ incompatible ) ! laws ( ,nature1 & f t presumptu\s ignorance :i* rejects & d5ies )\t exam9ation all ^? ?+s :i* issue f ! n>r[ circle ( its empirical notions2 he %\ld und]/& ) exactness ! limits & ! =ces ( ,nature1 "k in/antly :at is conta9$ !re9 or :at exce$s !m1 & n =m any v[1 any project1 or any ent]prise beyond 8 p[]4 #cj4 ,?\ %alt see t ! evils :i* dev\r m5 ,are ( _! *oice ! fruit4''' ,und\bt$ly "o ( ! mo/ important ?+s = man to und]/& is ! ne>e/ cause ( 8 evils1 s t1 ceas+ f murmur+ aga9/ ,provid5ce1 he may blame only himself = ! mis=tunes ( :i* he is ! prop] artisan4 ,ignorance1 always weak & presumptu\s1 conceal+ its own mi/akes1 holds responsible1 ) _! consequ5ces1 ! ?+s :i* are mo/ =eign !re3 ?us ! *ild :i* hurts itself1 ?reat5s ) 8 voice & /rikes ) 8 h& ! wall aga9/ :i* he has /umbl$4 ,( all errors ?is is ! mo/ common4 ,likewise he ackn[l$ges ) z mu* difficulty 8 own wrongs z he accuses ) ease ^? ( o!rs4 ,?is baleful habit ( imput+ to ,provid5ce ! evils :i* afflict humanity has furni%$1 z we h se51 ! /ronge/ argum5ts to ! skeptics to attack its influ5ce1 & to und]m9e ?us 9 its f\ndation ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,div9ity4 ,all peoples h be5 guilty ( ?is#faa2 b ! mod]ns are1 z ,i believe1 ! only ones :o coldly & )\t passion1 9 ord] to su/a9 c]ta9 op9ions t !y h embrac$1 h rais$ sy/ematically _! ignorance conc]n+ ! cause ( evil1 & made an irresi/ible fatality proce$ f ! ,all-,p[]ful & div9e ,presci5ce1 :i* draw+ man on to vice & mis=tune1 damns him by =ce2 & by a consequ5ce det]m9$ by ! w ( ,god1 deliv]s him to et]nal suff]+s4#fab ,su* 7 ^? among ! ,*ri/ians ( ! fif? c5tury1 :o 7 nam$ ,pr$e/9>ians on acc\nt ( _! t]rible sy/em4 ,_! op9ion1 x is true1 0 condemn$ by ! c\ncils ( ,arles & ,lyon#fac2 b !y decl>$ t ! *ur* fell into inconsi/5cy1 s9ce ! s5tim5t 9 ?is respect1 be+ exactly con=mable ) t :i* ,sa9t ,augu/9e _h advanc$ aga9/ ! ,pelagians1 ?is *ur* c\ld n condemn ! "o )\t condemn+ ! o!r & !re=e1 )\t decid+ 9 fav\r ( ! oppos$ doctr9e :i* !y _h already condemn$4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,pr$e/9>ians 7 "r on ?is la/ po9t1 z well z ,gotescalc1 ,baius1 & ,jans5ius1 :o1 ) ! book ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e 9 h&1 prov$ x lat] on1 by caus+ 9 ?is *ur*1 at diff]5t times1 tr\bles m or less viol5t on ! subject4 ,?is is ! mom5t to complete ! pro(s ( :at ,i advanc$ 9 my ,sev5? ,exam9ation1 t ! lib]ty ( man c be e/abli%$ only by ! sole !osophical tradition1 & ! ass5t t all ! sages ( ! e>? h giv5 to x2 & t !re is no doctr9e1 :i*1 becom+ sep>at$1 does n ab&on ! ,univ]se to ! irresi/ible impulse ( an absolute fatality4 ,i h %[n suffici5tly ! empt9ess ( all ! cosmogonical sy/ems1 :e!r _! au?ors h f\nd$ !m ^u a sole pr9ciple or ^u two1 ^u _s or ^u matt]2 ,i h suffici5tly indicat$ ! dang] t w\ld h ensu$ f divulg+ ! secret dogma ( div9e ,unity1 s9ce ?is disclosure drew ) x ! necessity ( expla9+ ! orig9 ( ,good & ,evil1 :i* 0 impossible2 ,i h cit$ ! example ( ,moses1 & ,i h demon/rat$ z a decisive po9t 9 ?is matt] t ^? ( 8 foll[]s :o reject$ ! oral tradition ( ?is great man1 to atta* !mselves to ! lit]al mean+ only ( 8 ,seph]1 fell into fatalism & 7 l$ to make ,god himself ! au?or ( ,evil2 f9ally ,i h ann\nc$ t ,*ri/ianity & ,islamism1 issu+ alike f ! ,mosaic doctr9e1 h n be5 able to evade ! dogma ( pr$e/9ation3 ?is dogma1 al?\gh (t5 repuls$ by ! ,*ri/ian & ,mussulman doctors1 al>m$ at its consequ5ces1 is %[n1 none ! less1 f ! facts4 ,! ,koran :i* tea*es x op5ly exempts me f o!r pro(s 9 def5ce ( ! ,mussulmans4 ,let u turn to ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x is c]ta9 t "o ( ! greate/ m5 ( ! primitive *ur*1 ,orig51 p]ceiv+ to :at consequ5ces ! explanation ( ! orig9 ( ,evil l$1 by ! way 9 :i* x 0 vulg>ly und]/ood1 accord+ to ! lit]al translation ( ! ,seph] ( ,moses1 und]took to br+ all back to allegory1 recall+ ,*ri/ianity be+ born to ! !osophical tradition p]ta9+ to ! free w ( man#fad2 b 8 books1 :]e9 he expos$ ?is tradition accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras & ,plato1#fae 7 burn$ z h]etical1 by ! ord] ( ,pope ,gelasius4#faf ,! *ur* at t "t paid little att5tion to ! bl[ dealt by ,orig51 occupi$ z x 0 ) exam9+ ! pr9cipal dogmas ( inc>nation1 ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus1 ( ! consub/antiality ( ! ,^w1 ( ! ,unity ( its p]son & ! duality ( its nature2 b :51 foll[+ ! en]getic expression ( ,plucquet1 ! flame ( conflagration _h pass$ ov] all ^! op9ions1 & :5 ! waves ( blood _h dr5*$ ! a%es1 x 0 necess>y to (f] new food = its activity4 ,an ,engli% monk nam$ ,pelagius1#fag born ) an ard5t & impetu\s m9d1 0 ! =emo/ to attack ?is ?orny "q ( ! lib]ty ( man1 &1 wi%+ to e/abli% x1 0 l$ to d5y orig9al s94 ,man he said is free to d good or evil3 he :o tries to lay ! blame ( 8 vices on ! weakness ( nature1 is unju/3 = :at is s91 9 g5]al8 ,is x a ?+ t "o may evade1 or n8 ,if "o _c evade x1 !re is no evil 9 committ+ x & !n x does n exi/3 if "o c evade x1 x mu/ be evil to commit x & !re=e x exi/s3 its v exi/5ce is born ( ! free w1 & proves x4#fah ,! dogma ( orig9al s9 cont9u$ ,pelagius is absurd & unju/ to ,god2 = a creature :i* does n exi/ w\ld n be an accomplice ( a bad action2 & x outrages div9e ju/ice1 to say t ,god puni%es him z guilty ( ?is action4#fai ,man add$ ,pelagius has !re=e a real p[] ( do+ good & evil1 & he is free 9 ^! two respects4 ,b ! lib]ty ( do+ a ?+ supposes necess>ily ! union ( all causes & ( all conditions requisite = do+ t ?+2 & "o is n free reg>d+ an effect1 e "t t "o ( ! causes or conditions naturally exig5t = produc+ ?is effect is lack+4 ,!re=e1 to h ! lib]ty ( see+ ! subjects1 x is necess>y n only t ! s5se ( sight be well develop$1 b also t ! subjects be discrim9at$1 & plac$ at an equitable di/ance4#fbj ,?is f>1 ! doctr9e ( ,pelagius 0 :olly simil> to t ( ,py?agoras1 z expla9$ by ,hi]ocles#fba2 b x diff]s f x aft]w>ds1 9 :at ! ,engli% monk ass]t$1 t s9ce man is born ) ! lib]ty ( do+ good & evil1 he receives f nature & unites 9 him all ! conditions & all ! causes naturally necess>y = good & evil2 :i* robs him ( 8 mo/ beautiful pr]ogative1p]fectibility2 :]eas ,py?agoras held1 on ! contr>y1 t ^! causes & ^! effects 7 only accord$ to ^? :o1 on _! "p1 concurr$ 9 acquir+ !m1 & :o1 by ! "w t !y h done = !mselves 9 seek+ to "k !mselves1 h succe$$ 9 possess+ !m m & m p]fectly4 ,h[ev] mitigat$ ! doctr9e ( ,pelagius might be1 x appe>$ /ill to accord too mu* ) free w & 0 condemn$ by ! ecclesia/ical au?orities1 :o decl>$1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( sev]al c\ncils1 t man c d no?+ ( himself )\t ! aid ( grace4 ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 :o _h be5 ! s\l ( ^! c\ncils1 press$ by ! disciple ( ,pelagius to expla9 ! nature ( ?is grace & to say h[ ,god accord$ x to "o man r ?an to ano!r )\t be+ induc$ by ! diff]5ce ( _! m]its1 repli$ t man be+ 9 ! masse de p]dition1 & ,god hav+ no ne$ ( !m1 & be+ fur!rmore indep5d5t & all-p[]ful1 he gave grace to :om he will$1 )\t ! "o to :om he did n give x hav+ ! "r to compla92 ev]y?+ com+ to pass z a result ( 8 w1 :i* _h =ese5 all & det]m9$ all4#fbb ,assur$ly "o c\ld n e/abli% m =cibly ! necessity ( all ?+s1 nor submit m5 to a /]n] fatality1 s9ce ! want ( grace depriv$ !m1 n only ( virtue 9 ! fleet+ c\rse ( ?is life1 b deliv]$ !m )\t hope to ! torm5ts ( an et]nal hell4 ,b ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 :o obey$ a sev]e & consi/5t reason1 felt v well t he c\ld n speak o!rwise1 )\t r5\nc+ ! dogma ( orig9al s9 & ov]?r[+ ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,all ! rigid ,*ri/ians1 all ^? :o1 at diff]5t times1 h und]tak5 to re/ore ,*ri/ianity to its con/itutive pr9ciples1 h ?\ght z ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 & al?\gh ! *ur*1 al>m$ at ! t]rible inf]5ces t 7 drawn f ! canonical doctr9e1 may h essay$ to temp] x1 by condemn+1 z ,i h said1 ! ,pr$e/9>ians & by approv+ ( ! p]secutions direct$ aga9/ ,gotescalc2 &1 at ! "t :5 ,lu!r drew 9 8 re=m a great "p ( ,*ri/5dom t[>d ! dogma ( pr$e/9ation1 ?is did n prev5t ,baius1 :o rema9$ fai?ful to or?odoxy1 f prea*+ ! same dogma2 nor ,calv91 soon aft]1 f add+ new lights to :at ,lu!r _h left d\btful1 & ,jans5ius1 f9ally1 corroborat+ :at ,baius _h only outl9$1 f rais+ 9 ! v mid/ ( ! *ur* t =midable faction :i* all ! unit$ ef=ts ( ! ,pope & ! ,jesuits h be5 unable to convict ( err+ 9 ! doctr9e ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 :i* x has su/a9$ ) a =ce wor?y ( a bett] cause4 ,accord+ to ,calv91 :o ( all ( !m expresses himself mo/ cle>ly1 ! s\l ( man1 all ( ^: faculties are infect$ ) s91 lacks =ce to resi/ ! temptation :i* lures him on t[>d evil4 ,! lib]ty ( :i* he prides himself is a *im]a2 he conf\nds ! free ) ! volunt>y1 & believes t he *ooses freely because !re is no con/ra9t1 & t he wills to d ! evil t he does4#fbc ,?us foll[+ ! doctr9e ( ?is re=m]1 man1 dom9at$ by 8 vici\s passions1 c produce ( himself only wick$ actions2 & x is to draw him f ?is /ate ( corruption & impot5ce t x 0 necess>y t ,god %\ld s5d 8 son ^u e>? to r$eem him & to atone = him2 s t x is f ! abs5ce ( lib]ty 9 man t ,calv9 draws 8 /ronge/ pro(s ( ! com+ ( ,*ri/3 8,=10 he said1 8if man _h be5 free1 & if he _h be5 able to save himself1 x w\ld n h be5 ne$ful t ,god %\ld (f] up 8 ,son 9 sacrifice40#fbd ,?is la/ argum5t seems irresi/ible4 ,besides :5 ! ,jesuits _h accus$ ,calv9 & 8 foll[]s ( mak+ ,god ! au?or ( s91 & ( de/roy+ ?us all idea ( ! ,div9ity#fbe !y knew bett] ?an to say h[ x c be o!rwise accompli%$4 ,!y w\ld n h be5 able1 )\t do+ a ?+ impossible = !mt is1 )\t giv+ ! orig9 ( evil4 ,! difficulty ( ?is explanation1 :i* ,moses1 ev5 z ,i h said1 has envelop$ ) a triple veil1 has 9 no wise escap$ ! fa!rs ( ! primitive *ur*4 ,!y h well felt t x 0 ! important po9t :]eon dep5d$ ! solution ( all o!r que/ions4 ,b h[ c "o attempt ev5 ! explanation8 ,! mo/ enlight5$ among !m _h agre$ t x is an abyss ( nature t "o w\ld n "k h[ to fa?om4#fbf #ca4 ''' t ^! un=tunates ,seek af> ! goodness ^: s\rce )9 !y be>4 ,! s\rce ( all goodness is wisdom1 & wisdom beg9s ) ! k ( oneself4 ,)\t ?is k1 "o aspires 9 va9 to real goodness4 ,b h[ is x obta9able8 ,if y int]rogate ,plato ^u ?is important po9t1 he w respond to y1 t x is 9 go+ back to ! ess5ce ( ?+st is to say1 9 consid]+ t :i* con/itutes man 9 himself4 8,a workman1 y w say to ?is philosoph]1 is n ! same ?+ z ! in/rum5t :i* he uses2 ! "o :o plays ! lyre diff]s f ! lyre ^u :i* he plays4 ,y w readily agree to ?is1 & ! philosoph]1 pursu+ 8 reason+1 w add3 ,& ! eyes ) :i* ?is musician reads 8 music1 & ! h&s ) :i* he holds 8 lyre1 are !y n also in/rum5ts8 ,c y d5y1 if ! eyes1 if ! h&s are in/rum5ts1 t ! :ole body may likewise be an in/rum5t1 diff]5t f ! be+ :o makes use ( x & :o comm&s80 ,unque/ionably no1 & y w compreh5d suffici5tly t ?is be+1 by :i* man is really man1 is ! s\l1 ! k ( :i* y ought to seek4 8,=10 ,plato w also tell y1 8he :o kn[s 8 body1 only kn[s t x is 81 & is n himself4 ,to "k 8 body z a physician or z a sculptor1 is an art1 to "k 8 s\l1 z a sage1 is a sci5ce & ! greate/ ( all sci5ces40#fbg ,f ! k ( himself man passes to t ( ,god2 & x is 9 fix+ ?is model ( all p]fection t he succe$s 9 deliv]+ himself f ! evils :i* he has attract$ by 8 own *oice4#fbh ,8 deliv]ance dep5ds1 accord+ to ,py?agoras1 ^u virtue & ^u tru?4#fbi ,! virtue1 t he acquires by purification1 temp]s & directs ! passions2 ! tru?1 :i* he atta9s by 8 union ) ! ,be+ ( be+s1 dissipates ! d>kness ) :i* 8 intellig5ce is obsess$2 & bo? ( !m1 act+ jo9tly 9 him1 give him ! div9e =m1 accord+ z he is dispos$ to receive x1 & guide him to supreme felicity4#fcj ,b h[ difficult to obta9 ?is desir$ goal6 #cb4 ,= few "k happ9ess3 play?+s ( ! passions1 ,hi!r1 ?i!r toss$ by adv]se waves1 ,^u a %oreless sea1 !y bl9d$ roll1 ,unable to resi/ or to ! tempe/ yield4 ,lysis %[s 9 ^! l9es :at are ! greate/ ob/acles to ! happ9ess ( man4 ,!y are ! passions3 n ! passions 9 !mselves1 b ! evil effects t !y produce by ! disord]$ movem5t t ! und]/&+ all[s !m to take4 ,x is to ?is t ! att5tion mu/ be direct$ s t "o %\ld n fall into ! error ( ! ,/oics4 ,py?agoras1 z ,i h said1 did n comm& 8 disciples to de/roy _! passions1 b to mod]ate _! ard\r1 & to guide !m well4 8,! passions10 said ?is philosoph]1 8are giv5 to be aids to reason2 x is necess>y t !y be its s]vants & n its ma/]s40 ,?is is a tru? t ! ,platoni/s & ev5 ! ,p]ipatetics h recogniz$1 by ! evid5ce ( ,hi]ocles4#fca ,?us ,py?agoras reg>d$ ! passions z in/rum5ts ( :i* ! und]/&+ makes use 9 rais+ ! intellectual edifice4 ,a man utt]ly depriv$ ( !m w\ld resemble a mass in]t & immovable 9 ! c\rse ( life2 x is true t he might be able n to become deprav$1 b !n he c\ld n enjoy 8 noble/ advantage1 :i* is p]fectibility4 ,reason is e/abli%$ 9 ! und]/&+ to hold sway ov] ! passions2 x mu/ comm& !m ) absolute sov]eignty1 & make !m t5d t[>ds ! end t wisdom indicates4 ,if x %\ld n recognize ! laws t intellig5ce gives x1 & if1 presumptu\sly1 x wi%es1 in/ead ( act+ accord+ to giv5 pr9ciples1 to lay d[n pr9ciples itself1 x falls into excess1 & makes man sup]/iti\s or skeptic1 fanatic or a!i/2 if1 on ! contr>y1 x receives laws f ! passions t x ought to rule1 & if weak x all[s itself to be subjugat$ by !m1 x falls into error & r5d]s man /upid or mad1 bruti% 9 vice1 or audaci\s 9 crime4 ,!re are no true reason+s except ^? admitt$ by wisdom2 ! false reason+s mu/ be consid]$ z ! cries ( an ins5sate s\l1 giv5 ov] to ! movem5ts ( an an>*ical reason :i* ! passions confuse & bl9d4#fcb ,py?agoras consid]$ man z hold+ ! mean betwe5 ?+s intellectual & s5ti5t1 ! l[e/ ( ! sup]ior be+s & ! highe/ ( ! inf]ior1 free to move ei!r t[>d ! heights or ! dep?s1 by means ( 8 passions1 :i* br+ into action ! asc5d+ or desc5d+ movem5t t 8 w possesses ) pot5tiality2 sometimes be+ unit$ ) ! immortals &1 ?r\gh 8 return to virtue1 recov]+ ! lot :i* is 8 own1 & o!r times plung+ aga9 into mortal k9d & ?r\gh transgression ( ! div9e laws f9d+ himself fall5 f 8 dignity4#fcc ,?is op9ion1 :i* _h be5 t ( all ! sages :o _h prec$$ ,py?agoras1 has be5 t ( all ! sages :o h foll[$ him1 ev5 ( ^? among ! ,*ri/ian !osophi/s ^: religi\s prejudices h remov$ !m f>!/ f 8 doctr9e4 ,i %all n /op to give ! pro(s ( its antiquity2 !y are to be f\nd ev]y:]e1 & w\ld be sup]flu\s4 ,?omas ,burnet1 hav+ va9ly s\ght = ! orig9 )\t be+ able to discov] x1 decid$ t x 0 necess>y t x %\ld desc5d f heav54#fcd ,x is c]ta9 t "o c only ) difficulty expla9 h[ a man )\t erudition1 l ,boehme1 nev] hav+ receiv$ ?is op9ion f anyone1 has be5 able to expla9 x s cle>ly4 8,:5 "o sees man exi/+10 says ?is !osophi/1 8"o c say3 ,"h all ,et]nity is manife/$ 9 "o image40#fce ,! abode ( ?is be+ is an int]m$iate po9t betwe5 heav5 & hell1 love & ang]2 t1 ( ! ?+s to :i* he is atta*$1 becomes 8 k9d4''' ,if he incl9es t[>d ! cele/ial nature1 he assumes a cele/ial =m1 & ! human =m becomes inf]nal if he incl9es t[>d hell2 = z ! m9d is1 s is ! body4 ,9 :atev] way ! m9d projects itself1 x %ad[s =? its body ) a simil> =m & a simil> s\rce4#fcf ,x is ^u ?is pr9ciple1 :i* "o f9ds /ill ev]y:]e div]sely express$1 t ! dogma ( ! transmigration ( s\ls is f\nd$4 ,?is dogma1 expla9$ 9 ! anci5t my/]ies1#fcg & receiv$ by all peoples1#fch has be5 to su* an ext5t disfigur$ 9 :at ! mod]ns h call$ ,metempsy*osis1 t x w\ld be necess>y to exce$ consid]ably ! limits ( ^! ,exam9ations 9 ord] to give an explanation :i* c\ld be und]/ood4 ,lat] ,i w endeav\r to expose my s5tim5t ^u ?is my/]y1 :5 ,i treat ( ,!urgy & o!r occult sci5ces to :i* x is alli$4 #cc4 ,god6 ,?\ c\ld/ save !m by op5+ _! eyes4 ,lysis "h approa*es op5ly "o ( ! greate/ difficulties ( nature1 t :i* 9 all "t has furni%$ to ! skeptics & to ! a!i/s ! weapons t !y h believ$ mo/ =midable4 ,hi]ocles has n conceal$ x 9 8 ,comm5t>ies1 & he expresses x 9 ^! t]ms3 8,if ,god is able to br+ back all m5 to virtue & to happ9ess1 & if he does n w to d s1 is ,god !re=e unju/ & wick$8 ,or if he wills to br+ !m back & if he is unable1 is ,god !re=e weak & impot5t80#fci ,long be=e ,hi]ocles1 ,epicurus seiz$ ^u ?is argum5t to support 8 sy/em1 & _h ext5d$ x )\t augm5t+ its =ce4 ,8 design _h be5 to prove by its means t1 accord+ z he _h advanc$ x1 ,god does n int]f]e ) ! ?+s ( ?is _w1 & t !re is1 consequ5tly1 no ,provid5ce4#fdj ,lactantius1 ?9k+ t he 0 answ]+ ?is1 has quot$ f ,epicurus & has af=d$ ,bayle1 ! mo/ le>n$ & ! mo/ =midable ( mod]n skeptics1 ! occasion = demon/rat+ t1 until n[1 ?is t]rible argum5t _h rema9$ unrefut$ not)/&+ all ! ef=ts made = its ov]?r[4 ,?is indefatigable reason] said3 ,! evil exi/s2 man is wick$ & unhappy3 ev]y?+ proves ?is sad tru?4 ,hi/ory is1 prop]ly speak+1 only a miscellany ( ! crimes & adv]sities ( mank9d4 ,h[ev]1 at int]vals1 !re h be5 se5 %9+ "s examples ( virtue & happ9ess4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a mixture ( evils & ( moral & physical goodness4''' ,n[1 if man is ! "w ( a sole pr9ciple1 sov]eignly good1 sov]eignly holy1 sov]eignly pot5tial1 h[ is he expos$ to ! maladies ( cold1 heat1 hung]1 ?ir/1 pa91 & sorr[8 ,h[ has he s _m wick$ incl9ations8 ,h[ does he commit s _m crimes8 ,c ! sov]eign sanctity produce a crim9al creature8 ,c ! sov]eign b\nty produce an un=tunate creature8#fda ,bayle1 cont5t ) 8 anti-provid5tial decl>ation1 believes t he has triumph$ ov] all ! dogmati/s ( ! _w2 b :il/ he recov]s 8 brea?1 obs]ve t he admits a mixture ( good & evil1 & all[ him to cont9ue4 8,orig510 he said1 8ass]ts t evil has come f ! wick$ use ( ! free w4 ,& :y has ,god all[$ man to h s p]nici\s a free w80 8,because10 ,orig5 answ]s1 8an intellig5t creature :o _h n enjoy$ free w w\ld h be5 immutable & immortal z ,god40 ,:at pitiable reason6 ,is x t ! glorifi$ s\ls1 ! sa9ts1 are equal to ,god1 be+ pr$e/9$ to good1 & depriv$ ( :at is call$ free w1 :i*1 accord+ to ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 is only ! possibility ( evil :5 ! div9e grace does n incl9e man t[>ds ! good8#fdb ,bayle1 aft] sev]al outbur/s ( ?is sort1 f9i%es by decl>+ t ! way 9 :i* evil is introduc$ "u ! rule ( a sov]eign be+1 inf9itely good1 inf9itely pot5tial1 inf9itely holy1 is n only inexplicable b ev5 incompreh5sible4#fdc ,bayle is "r on ?is po9t2 also ,i h always said1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 t ! orig9 ( evil1 compreh5sible or n1 c\ld nev] be divulg$4 ,b ! matt] ( ! orig9 ( evil is n ! "q "h4 ,bayle 0 too good a reason] n to h felt x1 n to h se5 t ! argum5t ( ,epicurus1 & all ! elocution ) :i* he furni%$ x1 did n be> ^u ! cause ( evil itself1 b ^u its effects2 :i* is q diff]5t4 ,epicurus did n dem& t ! orig9 ( evil be expla9$ to him1 b ! local exi/5ce ( its effectst is to say1 "o %\ld /ate cle>ly to him1 t if ,god 0 able & will+ to take away ! evil f ! _w1 or to prev5t x f p5etrat+ !re1 :y he did n d s4 ,:5 any "o's h\se is ! prey ( flames1 "o is n s ins5sate z to be conc]n$ ) kn[+ :at ! ess5ce ( ! fire is1 & :y x burns 9 g5]al1 b :y x burns 9 p>ticul>2 & :y1 be+ able to ext+ui% x1 "o has n done s4 ,bayle1 ,i repeat1 0 too clev] a logician n to h p]ceiv$ ?is4 ,?is di/9ction 0 too simple to h escap$ him2 b see+ t its v simplicity _h conceal$ x f ! doctors ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 he 0 cont5t to affect an ignorance ( x to 8 adv]s>ies1 to h ! pleasure1 s preci\s to a skeptic su* z he1 ( see+ !m "o aft] ano!r exhau/ !mselves ^u ! argum5t ( ,epicurus3 ,god1 :e!r he wills to take away evil1 & c n2 :e!r he c & does n w to2 :e!r he does n w x nor c2 :e!r he wills x & c4 ,if he wills x & c n1 he is weak2 :i* does n accord ) ,god4 ,if he c & does n w x1 he is wick$2 :i* accords ) him no bett]4 ,if he does n w x nor c1 he is wick$ & weak1 :i* c\ld n be4 ,if he c & wills x1 t :i* alone is wor?y ( 8 div9ity1 :5ce !n come ! evils8 ,or :y does he n take !m away8#fdd ,lactantius1 to :om ,bayle ow$ 8 argum5t1 _h ?\ght to ov]?r[ x1 by say+ t ,god1 be+ able to take away evil1 did n w x2 s z to give to m51 by its means1 wisdom & virtue4#fde ,b ! skeptic philosoph] _h no tr\ble to prove t ?is answ] 0 wor? no?+1 & t ! doctr9e t x conta9$ 0 mon/r\s2 s9ce x 0 c]ta9 t ,god 0 able to give wisdom & virtue )\t ! means ( evil2 s9ce he _h ev5 giv5 !m1 foll[+ ! belief ( ,lactantius himself1 & t x 0 because he _h r5\nc$ !m t man _h become subject to evil4 ,sa9t ,basil 0 no m =tunate ?an ,lactantius4 ,va9ly he ass]t$ t ! free w1 :5ce results evil1 _h be5 e/abli%$ by ,god himself 9 ! design t ?is ,all-p[]ful ,be+ _h = be+ lov$ & freely s]v$4 ,bayle1 attack+ him 9 8 own fai?1 ask$ him1 if ,god is lov$ & s]v$ by =ce 9 ,p>adise1 :]e ! glorifi$ s\ls d n enjoy ! fatal privilege ( be+ able to s94#fdf ,& ) ! same bl[ ) :i* he /ruck him1 he br\ght d[n ,malebran*e :o _h said ! same ?+4#fdg ,! d[nfall ( ,malebran*e1 & ! desire to av5ge him1 be/irr$ 9 va9 a cr[d ( audaci\s metaphysicians4 ,bayle pi]c$ !m "o aft] ano!r ) ! weapons ( ,epicurus1 ^: /eel !y did n "k1 & di$ ) ! glory ( _! hav+ said ! greate/ piece ( /upidity :i* c\ld be said ^u a l matt]3 namely1 t x 0 possible t ,god might prescribe ano!r end1 9 creat+ ! _w1 ?an to make 8 creatures happy4#fdh ,! dea? ( ,bayle did n ext+ui% ! ard\r t 8 works _h excit$4 ,leibnitz1 ju/ly displeas$ ) all t _h be5 said1 ?\ght he c\ld answ] ! skeptic philosoph] bett]2 & rais+ himself ) a great =ce ( g5ius to t pri/9e mom5t :5 ,god =m$ ! decree ( produc+ ! _w1 he repres5t$ ! ,be+ ( be+s *oos+ among an inf9ity ( worlds1 all possible1 all pres5t at 8 ?\ght1 ! actual _w1 z mo/ con=mable to 8 attributes1 ! mo/ wor?y ( him1 ! be/ f9ally1 ! mo/ capable ( atta9+ to ! greate/ & mo/ excell5t end t ?is all-p]fect ,be+ may h be5 able to purpose4#fdi ,b :at is ?is magnific5t & wor?y end :i* ! ,div9ity has *os51 ?is goal :i* n alone con/itutes ! actual _w su* z x is1 b :i* also pres5ts x to ! m9d1 accord+ to ! sy/em ( ,leibnitz1 z ! be/ ( possible worlds8 ,?is philosoph] does n "k4 ,we are n able he said to p5etrate x1 = we are too limit$ = ?is2 we c only inf]1 by reason+ ) ! insight t ,god has giv5 u1 t 8 b\nty only has be5 able to purpose1 by creat+ ! greate/ possible numb] ( intellig5t creatures1 by end[+ !m ) z mu* k1 happ9ess1 & beauty z ! ,univ]se might admit )\t go+ away f ! immutable ord] e/abli%$ by 8 wisdom4#fej ,up to ?is po9t1 ! sy/em ( ,leibnitz su/a9$ itself1 & 0 able ev5 to lead to a relative tru?2 b its "w 0 n accompli%$4 ,x 0 necess>y to expla91 foll[+ ! dem& ( ,epicurus s mu* repeat$ by ,bayle1 h[ 9 ?is immutable ord] e/abli%$ by ! div9e ,wisdom 9 ?is be/ ( worlds1 t physical & moral evil make felt su* sev]e effects4 ,! ,g]man philosoph]1 in/ead ( /opp+ at ^! effects1 & /at+ ! primordial cause1 inaccessible to 8 rese>*es1 /ill scorn$ x1 z _h all ! adv]s>ies ( ,bayle1 & ass]t$ t physical & moral evils 7 necess>y to ma9ta9 ?is immutable ord]1 & ent]$ into ! plan ( ?is be/ ( worlds4 ,fatal ass]tion :i* ov]?rew 8 sy/em in/antly3 =1 h[ d>es "o to say t evil is necess>y1 & above all necess>y n only 9 :at is be/1 b 9 :at is ! be/ possible6 ,n[1 :atev] may be ! primordial cause ( ,evil1 conc]n+ :i* ,i c n nor d ,i wi% to expla9 myself1 until ! triple veil1 ext5d$ ov] ?is =midable my/]y by ,moses1 may h be5 rais$1 ,i w say1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras & ,plato1 t its effects c be nei!r necess>y1 nor irresi/ible s9ce !y are n immutable & ,i w reply to ! mu*-laud$ argum5t ( ,epicurus1 t by ?is v ?+ !y are nei!r necess>y nor irresi/ible2 ,god c & w remove !m & he does remove !m4 ,& if c]ta9 disciples ( ,bayle1 a/oni%$ by a reply s bold & s new1 ask$ me :5 & h[ ,god works s great a b5efit1 ( :i* !y h p]ceiv$ no traces1 ,i w say to !m3 by "t & by means ( p]fectibility4 ,"t is ! in/rum5t ( ,provid5ce2 p]fectibility1 ! plan ( its "w2 ,nature1 ! object ( its lab\r2 & ,good1 its result4 ,y "k1 & ,bayle himself agrees1 t !re exi/s a mixture ( good & evil3 & ,i repeat to y "h :at ,i h already said#fea2 & ,i ma9ta9 t ?is good emanates f ,provid5ce1 & is its "w1 & replaces 9 ! sph]e :]e x has be5 transport$1 an equival5t am\nt ( evil :i* x has transmut$ into good2 ,i ma9ta9 t ?is good cont9ues augm5t+ itself unceas+ly & ! evil :i* corresponds to x1 dim9i%+ 9 an equal proportion2 ,i ma9ta9 f9ally t1 hav+ left absolute evil & hav+ arriv$ at ! po9t :]e y n[ are1 y w arrive by ! same road & by ! same means1 t is1 by fav\r ( "t & ( p]fectibility1 f ! po9t :]e y are to absolute ,good1 ! cr[n ( p]fection4 ,?is is ! answ] to y\r "q1 ,:5 & h[ does ,god take away evils8 ,/ill if y claim y _c see any ( ?is1 ,i w reply t x is n = y1 argu+ ) ! weakness ( y\r view1 to d5y ! progress ( ,provid5ce1 y ^: imp]fect s5ses mi/ake all ! "t ev5 ! subjects )9 y\r range1 & = :om ! extremes are t\*+ s =cibly1 t x is impossible = y to di/+ui% ^u ! same dial ! movem5t ( ! ne$le :i* trav]ses x 9 a cycle1 f ! movem5t ( t :i* trav]ses x 9 less ?an a second2 "o ( ^! ne$les appe>+ to y immobile & ! o!r n exi/+ = y4#feb ,if y d5y :at ,i affirm1 br+ o!r pro(s ( y\r d5ial ?an y\r weakness & cease1 f ! little corn] :]e ,nature has plac$ y1 presum+ to judge its imm5sity4 ,/ill if y lack negative pro(s1 wait a mom5t m1 & y %all h f me affirmative pro(s4 ,b if1 go+ back1 & wi%+ to su/a9 ! argum5t ( ,epicurus :i* is giv+ way1 y believe t y w succe$ by say+ t ?is philosoph] _h n ask$1 9 ! case :]e ,god 0 able & will$ to remove evils1 h[ he remov$ !m1 b :y he did n remove !m2 ,i w reply to y t ?is "q is a pure sophism2 t ! h[ is implicitly conta9$ 9 ! :y1 to :i* ,i h repli$ 9 affirm+ t ,god1 be+ able & will+ to remove evils1 removes !m4 ,& if y recall an objection t ,i h already ov]?r[n conc]n+ ! mann] 9 :i* he removes !m1 & t br++ y to judge ( 8 ways1 y w\ld assume t he ought to remove !m1 n 9 a lapse ( "t s long t y w\ld be unconsci\s ( x1 b 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye2 ,i w\ld reply t ?is way w\ld be to y q z imp]ceptible z ! o!r2 & t fur!rmore1 t :i* y dem& exi/s1 s9ce ! lapse ( "t ( :i* y compla91 h[ev] long x may appe> to y1 is less ?an ! tw9kl+ ( an eye = ! ,be+ ( be+s :o employs x1 be+ absolutely nihil comp>$ to ,et]nity4 ,& f !re ,i w take occasion to tell y t evil1 9 ! way 9 :i* x is manife/ 9 ! _w1 be+ a sort ( malady1 ,god1 :o alone c cure x1 kn[s also ! sole rem$y :i* may be applicable to x & t ?is sole rem$y is "t4 ,x seems to me t h[ev] little att5tion y may h giv5 to :at ,i h j said1 y ought to be tempt$ to pass on f ! k ( ! rem$y to t ( ! malady2 b x is 9 va9 t y w\ld dem& ( me an explanation conc]n+ its nature4 ,?is explanation is n necess>y to ov]?r[ ! argum5t ( ,epicurus & t is all t ,i h wi%$ to d4 ,! re/ dep5ds ^u y & ,i c only repeat ) ,lysis3 8,god6 ,?\ c\ld/ save !m by op5+ _! eyes40 #cd4 ,b no3 'tis = ! humans ( a race div9e1 ,to disc]n ,error1 & to see ! ,tru?4 ,hi]ocles :o1 z ,i h said1 has n conceal$ ! difficulty :i* is conta9$ 9 ^! l9es1 has rais$ x1 by mak+ evid5t t x dep5ds ^u ! free w ( man1 & by putt+ a limit ^u ! evils :i* he attracts to himself by 8 own *oice4 ,8 reason+ co9cid+ ) m9e c be r$uc$ to ^! few words4 ,! sole rem$y = evil1 :atev] may be ! cause1 is "t4 ,provid5ce1 m9i/] ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 employs ?is rem$y2 & by means ( p]fectibility :i* results f x1 br+s back all to good4 ,b ! aptitude ( ! maladies = receiv+ x acts 9 proportion to ?is rem$y4 ,"t1 always ! same1 & always nihil = ! ,div9ity is1 h[ev]1 %ort5$ or l5g!n$ = m51 accord+ z _! w co9cides ) ! provid5tial action or diff]s !refrom4 ,!y h only to desire good1 & "t :i* fatigues !m w be light5$4 ,b :at if !y desire evil always1 w "t !re=e n be f9i%$8 ,w ! evils !re=e h no limit8 ,is x t ! w ( man is s inflexible t ,god may n turn x t[>ds ! good8 ,! w ( man is free beyond d\bt2 & its ess5ce1 immutable z ! ,div9ity :5ce x emanates1 kn[s n h[ to be *ang$1 b no?+ is impossible = ,god4 ,! *ange :i* is effect$ 9 x1 )\t :i* its immutability may 9 no wise be alt]$1 is ! miracle ( ! ,all-,p[]ful4 ,x is a result ( its own lib]ty1 & if ,i d>e to say x1 takes place by ! co9cid5ce ( two movem5ts1 ^: impulse is giv5 by ,provid5ce2 by ! fir/1 x %[s to ! w1 goodness2 by ! second1 x puts x 9 a fitt+ position to meet ?is same goodness4 #ce4 ,nature s]ves !m4''' ,lysis expresses x ?us3 ,nature1 by ! homog5eity :i*1 z ,i h /at$1 con/itutes its ess5ce1 tea*es m5 to see beyond ! range ( _! s5ses1 transports !m by analogy f "o region to ano!r & develops _! ideas4 ,! p]fectibility :i* is manife/$ ?r\gh ! grace ( "t is call$ p]fection2 = ! m a ?+ is p]fect$ ! m p]fect x becomes4 ,! man :o p]ceives ?is is /ruck by x1 & if he reflect he f9ds tru?1 z ,i h op5ly /at$1 & to :i* ,lysis 0 cont5t ) mak+ allusion1 on acc\nt ( ! secret ( ! my/]ies t he 0 =c$ to respect4 ,x is ?is p]fectibility manife/$ 9 ,nature1 :i* gives ! affirmative pro(s t ,i h promis$1 t\*+ ! way 9 :i* ,provid5ce removes ) "t ! evils :i* afflict m54 ,^! are ! pro(s de facto4 ,!y _c be *all5g$ )\t absurdity4 ,i "k well t !re h be5 m5 :o1 /udy+ ,nature )9 f\r walls1 & consid]+ its op]ations ?r\gh ! extremely n>r[ prism ( _! ideas1 h d5i$ t any?+ might be p]fectible1 & h ass]t$ t ! ,univ]se 0 immobile because !y h n se5 x move2 b !re does n exi/ today a g5u9e obs]v]1 a naturali/ ^: le>n+ is f\nd$ ^u ,nature1 :o does n invalidate ! decision ( ^! pret5d$ savants1 & :o does n put p]fectibility 9 ! rank ( ! mo/ rigor\sly demon/rat$ tru?s4 ,i %all n quote ! anci5ts on a subject :]e _! au?ority w\ld be *all5g$2 ,i %all ev5 limit myself1 to evade prolixities1 to a small numb] ( /rik+ passages among ! mod]ns4 ,leibnitz1 :o ought less ?an any o!r to admit p]fectibility1 s9ce he _h f\nd$ 8 sy/em ^u ! exi/5ce ( ! be/ ( worlds possible1 has1 h[ev]1 recogniz$ x 9 ,nature1 9 advanc+ t all ! *anges :i* are op]at$ !re are ! consequ5ce ( bo?2 t ev]y?+ t5ds t[>d its improvem5t1 & t !re=e ! pres5t is already teem+ ) ! future4#fec ,buffon1 incl9+ /rongly t[>d ! sy/em ( atoms1 ought also to be mu* oppos$1 & yet he has be5 unable to see t ,nature1 9 g5]al1 t5ds f> m t[>d life ?an t[>d dea?1 & t x seems to be seek+ to organize bodies z mu* z is possible4#fed ,! s*ool ( ,kant has pu%$ ! sy/em ( p]fectibility z f> z x c\ld g4 ,s*ell+1 ! disciple ( mo/ consequ5ce ( ?is celebrat$ man1 has foll[$ ! developm5t ( ,nature ) a =ce ( ?\ght :i* has p]haps pass$ ! m>k4 ,! =m]1 has v5tur$ to say t ,nature is a sort ( ,div9ity 9 g]m1 :i* t5ds to apo!osis1 & is prep>$ = exi/5ce ) ,god1 by ! reign ( ,*aos1 & by t ( ,provid5ce4#fee ,b ^? are only speculative op9ions4 ,"h are op9ions f\nd$ ^u facts4 ,z soon z "o consid]s ! ,e>? obs]v+ly1 ! naturali/s say1 "o p]ceives /rik+ traces ( ! revolutions t x has su/a9$ 9 ant]ior times4#fef ,! cont95ts h n always be5 :at !y are today1 ! wat]s ( ! globe h n always be5 di/ribut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! ocean *anges ins5sibly its b$1 und]m9es ! l&s1 divides !m1 ru%es ov] "s1 & leaves o!rs dry4 ,! isl&s h n always be5 isl&s4 ,! cont95ts h be5 peopl$1 ) liv+ & vegetat+ be+s1 be=e ! pres5t disposition ( ! wat]s ^u ! globe4#feg ,^! obs]vations confirm :at ,py?agoras & ! anci5t sages h taught ^u ?is subject#feh3 ,besides ^! same naturali/s cont9ue1 ! great] "p ( ! fossil bones t h be5 assembl$ & comp>$ are ^? ( animals diff]5t f any ( ! species actually kn[n2 has ! k+dom ( life !re=e *ang$8 ,?is "o _c refuse to believe4#fei ,z ,nature proce$s unceas+ly f ! simple to ! composite1 x is probable t ! mo/ imp]fect animals %\ld h be5 creat$ be=e ! tribes1 high] 9 ! scale ( life4 ,x ev5 seems t ea* ( ! animal classes indicates a sort ( susp5sion 9 ! creative p[]1 an int]mission1 an era ( repose1 dur+ :i* ,nature prep>$ 9 sil5ce ! g]ms ( life :i* %\ld come to light 9 ! c\rse ( ! cycles4 ,"o might ?us enum]ate ! epo*s ( liv+ ,nature1 epo*s remote 9 ! night ( ages & :i* h be5 oblig$ to prec$e ! =mation ( mank9d4 ,a "t may h be5 :5 ! insect1 ! %ell1 ! unclean reptile1 did n recognize ! ma/] 9 ! ,univ]se & 7 plac$ at ! head ( ! organiz$ bodies4#ffj ,^! obs]v]s add3 ,x is c]ta9 t mo/ p]fect be+s come f less p]fect1 & t !y are oblig$ to be p]fect$ 9 ! sequ5ce ( g5]ations4 ,all animals t5d t[>ds man2 all vegetables aspire to animality2 m9]als seek to draw ne>] to ! vegetable4''' ,x is evid5t t ,nature1 hav+ creat$ a s]ies ( plants & animals1 & hav+ /opp$ at man :o =ms ! sup]ior extremity1 has assembl$ 9 him all ! vital faculties t x _h di/ribut$ among ! inf]ior races4#ffa ,^! are ! ideas ( ,leibnitz4 ,?is celebrat$ man _h said3 8,m5 hold to animals2 ^! to plants1 & ^? to fossils4 ,x is necess>y t all ! natural ord]s =m only "o sole *a91 9 :i* ! diff]5t classes hold /rictly z if !y 7 its l9ks40#ffb ,sev]al philosoph]s h adopt$ !m1#ffc b none h express$ !m ) m ord] & en]gy ?an ! au?or ( ! article ,nature1 9 ,le ,n\veau ,dictionnaire d',hi/oire naturelle4 ,all animals1 all plants are only ! modifications ( an animal1 ( a vegetable orig94''' ,man is ! knot :i* unites ! ,div9ity to matt]1 :i* l9ks heav5 & e>?4 ,?is ray ( wisdom & intellig5ce :i* %9es 9 8 ?\ghts is reflect$ ^u all ,nature4 ,x is ! *a9 ( communication betwe5 all be+s4 ,all ! s]ies ( animals he adds 9 ano!r place pres5t only a long degradation f ! prop] nature ( man4 ,! monkey1 consid]$ ei!r 9 8 ext]ior =m or 9 8 int]ior organization1 resembles only a degrad$ man2 & ! same sugge/ion ( degradation is obs]v$ 9 pass+ f monkeys to quadrup$s2 s t ! primitive tr5d ( ! organization is recogniz$ 9 all1 & ! pr9cipal visc]a1 ! pr9cipal memb]s are id5tical !re4#ffd ,:o kn[s obs]ves else:]e ! same writ] :o kn[s if 9 ! et]nal night ( "t ! sceptre ( ! _w w n pass f ! h&s ( man into ^? ( a be+ m wor?y ( be>+ x & m p]fect8 ,p]haps ! race ( negroes1 today second>y 9 ! human specie1 has already be5 que5 ( ! e>? be=e ! :ite race 0 creat$4''' ,if ,nature has successively accord$ ! empire to ! species t x creates m & m p]fect1 :y %\ld %e cease today4''' ,! negro1 already k+ ( animals1 has fall5 b5ea? ! yoke ( ! ,european2 w ! latt] b[ ! head 9 8 turn be=e a race m p[]ful & m intellig5t :5 x ent]s into ! plans ( ,nature to orda9 8 exi/5ce8 ,:]e w 8 creation /op8 ,:o w place ! limits ( 8 p[]8 ,god alone raises x & x is ,8 all-p[]ful h& :i* gov]ns4#ffe ,^! /rik+ passages full ( =ceful ideas1 :i* appe> new1 & :i* w\ld m]it be+ bett] kn[n1 conta9 only a small "p ( ! ?+s taught 9 ! anci5t my/]ies1 z ,i %all p]haps demon/rate lat]4 #cf4 ''' ,?\ :o fa?om$ x4 ,o wise & happy man1 re/ 9 its hav54 ,b obs]ve my laws1 ab/a9+ f ! ?+s ,:i* ?y s\l mu/ fe>1 di/+ui%+ !m well2 ,lett+ intellig5ce o'er ?y body reign4 ,lysis1 speak+ always 9 ! "n ( ,py?agoras1 address$ himself to ^? ( ! disciples ( ?is !osophi/1 :o _h rea*$ ! highe/ degree ( p]fection1 or autopsy1 & ! felicity ( _! welf>e4 ,i h said (t5 en\gh 9 ! c\rse ( ^! ,exam9ations1 :at %\ld be und]/ood by ?is la/ degree1 s t ,i ne$ n ref] to x "h4 ,i %all n ev5 pause ^u :at has ref]5ce to ! symbolic tea*+s ( ,py?agoras1 ! =mul>ies & dietetics t he gave to 8 disciples1 & ! ab/95ces t he prescrib$ = !m1 my design be+ to give incid5tally a p>ticul> explanation ( x1 = ! purpose ( n fur!r prolong+ ?is volume4 ,x is well kn[n t all ( ! em95t m51 z _m among ! anci5ts z among ! mod]ns1 all ! savants comm5dable = _! lab\rs or _! le>n+1 are agre$ 9 reg>d+ ! precepts ( ,py?agoras z symbolical1 t is1 z conta9+ figuratively1 a v diff]5t mean+ f t :i* !y w\ld seem to (f] lit]ally4#fff ,x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ,egyptian prie/s f :om he _h imbib$ !m1#ffg to conceal _! doctr9e b5ea? an out] cov]+ ( p>ables & allegories4#ffh ,! _w 01 9 _! eyes1 a va/ enigma1 ^: my/]ies1 clo!d 9 a /yle equally enigmatical1 ought nev] to be op5ly divulg$4#ffi ,^! prie/s _h ?ree k9ds ( *>act]s1 & ?ree ways ( express+ & depict+ _! ?\ghts4 ,! fir/ mann] ( writ+ & ( speak+ 0 cle> & simple2 ! second1 figurative2 & ! ?ird1 symbolic4 ,9 ! fir/1 !y employ$ *>act]s us$ by all peoples & took ! words 9 _! lit]al mean+2 9 ! second1 !y us$ hi]oglyphic *>act]s1 & took ! words 9 an indirect & metaphorical mean+2 f9ally 9 ! ?ird1 !y made use ( phrases ) d\ble mean+ ( hi/oric & a/ronomical fables1 or ( simple allegories4#fgj ,! *ef-d'uvre ( ! sac]dotal art 0 unit+ ^! ?ree ways1 & enclos+ "u ! appe>ance ( a cle> & simple /yle1 ! vulg>1 figurative1 & symbolic mean+4 ,py?agoras has s\ght ?is k9d ( p]fection 9 8 precepts & (t5 he has succe$$2 b ! "o ( all ! !osophi/s in/ruct$ 9 ! sanctu>ies ( ,!bes or ( ,memphis1 :o has pu%$ f>!/1 ?is m>vell\s art1 is beyond d\bt ,moses4 ,! fir/ "p ( 8 ,seph]1 vulg>ly call$ ,g5esis1 & t %\ld be call$ by its orig9al "n ( ,b]e%i?1 is 9 ?is /yle1 ! mo/ admirable "w1 ! mo/ a/\nd+ feat ( /r5g? t is possible = a man to conceive & execute4 ,?is book1 :i* conta9s all ! sci5ce ( ! anci5t ,egyptians1 is /ill to be translat$ & w only be translat$ :5 "o w put oneself 9 a condition to und]/& ! language 9 :i* x has primitively be5 compos$4 #cg4 ,s t1 asc5d+ into radiant ,e!r1 ,mid/ ! ,immortals1 ?\ %alt be ?yself a ,god4 ,"h1 said ,hi]ocles1 9 t]m9at+ 8 comm5t>ies1 is ! blissful end ( all ef=ts3 "h1 accord+ to ,plato1 is ! hope :i* enk9dles1 :i* su/a9s ! ard\r ( him :o fights 9 ! c>e] ( virtue3 "h1 ! ine/imable prize :i* awaits him4#fga ,x 0 ! great object ( ! my/]ies1 & s to speak1 ! great "w ( initiation4#fgb ,! initiate1 said ,sophocles1 is n only happy dur+ 8 life1 b ev5 aft] 8 dea? he c promise himself an et]nal felicity4#fgc ,8 s\l purifi$ by virtue1 said ,p9d>1 unfolds 9 ^? bless$ regions :]e reigns an et]nal spr+time4#fgd ,x goes on1 said ,socrates1 attract$ by ! cele/ial elem5t :i* has ! greate/ aff9ity ) its nature1 to become unit$ ) ! immortal ,gods & to %>e _! glory & _! immortality4#fge ,?is deification 01 accord+ to ,py?agoras1 ! "w ( div9e love2 x 0 res]v$ = him :o _h acquir$ tru? ?r\gh 8 intellectual faculties1 virtue ?r\gh 8 animi/ic faculties1 & purity ?r\gh 8 in/9ctive faculties4 ,?is purity1 aft] ! end ( 8 mat]ial body1 %one =? & made itself kn[n 9 ! =m ( a lum9\s body1 t ! s\l _h be5 giv5 dur+ its conf9em5t 9 its gloomy body2 = z ,i f9i% ^! ,exam9ations1 ,i am seiz+ ! only occasion :i* may /ill be pres5t$ ( say+ t1 ?is philosoph] taught t ! s\l has a body :i* is giv5 accord+ to 8 good or bad nature1 by ! inn] lab\r ( 8 faculties4 ,he call$ ?is body ! subtle *>iot ( ! s\l1 & said t ! mortal body is only ! gross ext]ior4 ,he adds1 8,! c>e ( ! s\l & its lum9\s body is1 9 practic+ virtue1 9 embrac+ tru? & ab/a9+ f all impure ?+s40#fgf ,?is is ! v]itable aim ( ! symbolic ab/95ces t he prescribes1 ev5 z ,lysis ins9uates moreov] q cle>ly 9 ! l9es :i* make ! subject ( my prec$+ ,exam9ation1 :5 he said t x is necess>y to ab/a9 f ! ?+s :i* are injuri\s to ! developm5t ( ! s\l & to di/+ui% cle>ly ^! ?+s4 ,fur!rmore1 ,py?agoras believ$ t !re exi/$ cele/ial goodness proportionate to ea* degree ( virtue1 & t !re is = ! s\ls1 diff]5t ranks accord+ to ! lum9\s body ) :i* !y are clo!d4 ,! supreme happ9ess1 accord+ to him1 belongs only to ! s\l :i* has le>n$ h[ to recov] itself1 by its intimate union ) ! intellig5ce1 ^: ess5ce1 *ang+ its nature1 has become entirely spiritual4 ,x is necess>y t ?is s\l be rais$ to ! k ( univ]sal tru?s1 & t x %\ld h f\nd1 z f> z x is possible = x1 ! ,pr9ciple & ! end ( all ?+s4 ,!n hav+ atta9$ to ?is high degree ( p]fection1 be+ drawn into ?is immutable region ^: e!real elem5t is no m subject$ to ! desc5d+ movem5t ( g5]ation1 x c be unit$ by its k to ! ,univ]sal ,all1 & reflect 9 all its be+ ! ineffable light ) :i* ! ,be+ ( be+s1 ,god ,himself1 fills unceas+ly ! ,imm5sity4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,address la ,classe de la ,langue et de la ,littrature franaises1 et celle d',hi/oire et de ,littrature anci5ne de l',in/itut imprial de ,france4 #b ,?is expression w be expla9$ 9 ! progress ( ! disc\rse4 #c ,de ,dignit4 et ,increm5t4 ,sci5t41 l4 ii41 c4 #ac4 #d ,ibid41 l4 ii41 c4 #a4 #e ,ibid41 l4 vi41 c4 #a4 #f ,plat41 ,dial4 ,ion4 ,ari/otle1 :o 0 (t5 oppos$ to ,plato1 did n d>e to be on ?is po9t4 ,he agrees t v]se alone does n con/itute poetry1 & t ! ,hi/ory ( ,h]odotus1 put into v]se1 w\ld nev] be o!r ?an hi/ory4 #g ,ibid4 #h ,de ,dignit4 et ,increm5t4 ,sci5t41 l4 ii41 c4 #ac4 #i ,lecl]c1 kn[n by ! multitude ( 8 works2 l'abb ,banni]1 ,w>burton1 etc4 #aj ,de ,dignit4 et ,increm5t4 ,sci5t41 l4 ii41 c4 #ac4 ,c\rt de ,gbel9 cites ,*ancellor ,bacon z "o ( ! fir/ def5d]s ( allegory4 7,gnie allg47 #aa ,pausanias1 l4 iii41 p4 #ic4 #ab ,acron1 ,9 ,epi/4 ,horat41 i41 #b4 ,c]ta9 au?ors say t ,p5elope _h conceiv$ ?is son :5 ,m]cury disguis$ z a goat _h =c$ h] virg9ity4 7,lucian1 ,dialog4 ,deor41 t4 i41 p4 #agf47 #ac ,hraclides1 entre les petits my?ologues4 #ad ,geogr41 l4 i4 #ae ,antiq4 rom41 l4 ii4 #af ,9 8 book entitl$ 1 *4 #ag4 #ag ,9 8 book entitl$ 1 *4 #c4 ,c\rt de ,gbel9 cites ^! works4 7,gnie allg47 #ah ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 iii41 c4 #a4 #ai ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,gnie allg41 p4 #adi4 #bj ,/rabo positively assures x4 ,see ,banni]1 ,my?ol41 ii41 p4 #beb4 #ba ,bailly1 ,essai sur les ,fables1 *4 #ad4 ,pausanias1 l4 ix41 p4 #cjb4 #bb ,poetry1 9 ,greek 1 d]iv$ f ! ,phnician 7phohe71 m\?1 voice1 language1 disc\rse2 & f 7i%71 a sup]ior be+1 a pr9ciple be+1 figuratively ,god4 ,?is la/ ^w1 spread ?r\gh\t ,europe1 is f\nd ) c]ta9 *ange ( v[els & ( aspirates1 v common 9 ! ,ori5tal dialects2 9 ! ,etruscan s1 s>1 9 ! ,gallic s1 9 ! ,basque ,z1 & 9 ! ,sc&9avian ,ase2 ! ,copts /ill say ,os1 ! "l1 & ! ,greeks h pres]v$ x 9 1 ! immutable ,be+1 ,de/9y1 & 9 1 ,i adore1 & 1 ,i rev]e4 ,?race1 9 ,greek 1 d]iv$ f ! ,phnician 7raki:a71 :i* signifies ! e!real space1 or1 z "o translates ! ,hebrew ^w :i* corresponds to x1 ! firmam5t4 ,?is ^w is prec$$ 9 ! ,dorian 1 by ! lett] 1 ?1 a k9d ( article :i* ! ,ori5tal gramm>ians range among ! hmantique lett]s plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( words to modify ! s5se1 or to r5d] x m emphatic4 ,ol51 9 ,greek 1 is d]iv$ f ! ,phnician 7:lon71 & is appli$ 9 ! great] "p ( ! ,ori5tal dialects to all t :i* is inf9ite1 et]nal1 univ]sal1 :e!r 9 "t or space4 ,i ought to m5tion z an int]e/+ ?+ & b little kn[n by my?ologi/s1 t x is f ! ^w 7ab or ap7 jo9$ to t ( :lon1 t "o =m$ ap-:lon1 ,apollon2 namely1 ! ,fa!r univ]sal1 inf9ite1 et]nal4 ,?is is :y ! inv5tion ( ,poetry is attribut$ to ,ol5 or to ,apollo4 ,x is ! same my?ological p]sonage repres5t$ by ! sun4 ,accord+ to an anci5t tradition1 ,ol5 0 native ( ,lycia1 t is to say1 ( ! light2 = ?is is ! mean+ ( ! ,greek ^w 4 #bc ,/rabo has judici\sly obs]v$ t 9 ,greece all ! te*nical words 7 =eign4 7,voyez ,bailly1 ,essai sur les ,fables1 *4 #ad1 p4 #acf47 #bd ,! ,get1 9 ,greek 1 71 accord+ to lius ,sp>tianus1 & accord+ to ! au?or ( le ,monde primitif 7t4 ix41 p4 #di71 ! same peoples z ! ,go?s4 ,_! c\ntry call$ ,get1 :i* %\ld be pron\nc$ ,ghtie1 comes f ! ^w ,go?1 :i* signifies ,god 9 mo/ ( ! idioms ( ! nor? ( ,europe4 ,! "n ( ! ,dacians is only a s(t5+ ( t ( ! ,?racians 9 a diff]5t dialect4 ,msia1 9 ,greek 1 is1 9 ,phnician1 ! int]pretation ( ! "n giv5 to ,?race4 ,! latt] means1 z we h se51 e!real space1 & ! =m] signifies div9e abode1 be+ compos$ f ! ^w 7a%71 ^: r5d]+ ,i h already giv51 be=e :i* is f\nd plac$ ! lett] 7,m71 "o ( ! hmantiques1 :i* accord+ to ! be/ gramm>ians s]ves to express ! prop] place1 ! means1 ! local manife/ation ( a ?+4 #be ,voyez ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,monde primitif1 t4 ix41 p4 #di4 #bf ,?is m\nta9 0 call$ ,k-,kajn1 accord+ to d',anville4 ,?is le>n$ geograph] has cle>ly se5 t ?is "n 0 ! same z t ( ,caucasus1 a g5]ic "n giv5 to all ! sacr$ m\nta9s4 ,x is kn[n t ,caucasus 0 = ! ,p]sians1 :at ,m\nt ,m]\ _h be5 = ! ,indians & :at ,m\nt ,p>nassus became aft]w>ds = ! ,greeks1 ! c5tral place ( _! cult4 ,! ,tibetans h also _! sacr$ m\nta9 di/9ct f t ( ! ,indians1 ^u :i* /ill resides ! ,god-,prie/1 or immortal ,man1 simil> to t ( ! ,get4 7,mm4 de l',acad4 des ,inscript41 t4 xxv41 p4 #de47 #bg ,bailly1 ,essai sur les ,fables1 *4 #ad4 ,confrez avec ,hrodote1 l4 iv42 et ,pausanias1 l4 ix41 p4 #cjb1 l4 x41 p4 #cbj4 #bh ,dionysus1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! ^w 1 irregul> g5itive ( 1 ! liv+ ,god1 & ( 1 m9d or und]/&+4 ,! ,phnician roots ( ^! words are 1 1 or 7a%1 i%1 or a%71 ,unique ,be+1 & 7n7 ! motive pr9ciple1 ! movem5t4 ,^! two roots1 contract$1 =m ! ^w ,nos1 :i* signifies lit]ally ! pr9ciple ( be+1 & figuratively1 ! und]/&+4 ,demet]1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! anci5t ,greek 1 ! e>?1 unit$ to ! ^w 1 "m4 ,! ,phnician roots are 7dam7 & 7mt71 ! =m] express+ all t :i* is =m$ by aggregation ( simil> p>ts2 & ! latt]1 all t :i* v>ies ! =m & gives x g5]ative movem5t4 #bi ,bailly1 ,essai sur les ,fables1 *4 #ae4 ,c\rt de ,gbel9 expressly says1 t ! sacr$ m\nta9 ( ,?race 0 consecrat$ to ,bac*us4 ,monde prim41 t4 ix41 p4 #di4 ,n[1 x is g5]ally kn[n t ,p>nassus ( ! ,greeks 0 consecrat$ to ,apollo4 #cj ,!og41 v4 #ejj4 #ca ,! ,greek ^w 1 ,?race1 9 pass+ into ! ,ionian dialect 1 has furni%$ ! foll[+ expressions3 1 a devotee1 1 devotion1 1 ,i adore ) devotion4 ,^! words1 div]t$ f _! real s5se & us$ ironically aft] ! cult ( ,?race _h yield$ to t ( ,delphi1 7 appli$ to ideas ( sup]/ition & ev5 ( fanaticism4 ,! po9t ( consid]+ ! ,?racians z s*ismatics 0 ev5 rea*$1 & ! ^w compos$ to express a h]esy1 a cult p>ticul> to ^? :o practis$ x1 & sep>at$ f or?odoxy4 #cb tol9os is compos$1 by contraction1 ( two words :i* appe> to belong to "o ( ! ,?racian dialects4 to-,kyros signifies ! rul+ sun1 among ! ,scy?ians1 accord+ to ,h]odotus 7l4 iv41 #ei74 ,hel5a signifi$ ! moon1 among ! ,dorians4 ,x is f ?is la/ ^w1 depriv$ ( its article he1 t ! ,lat9s h made ,luna4 #cc ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,monde primit41 t4 viii41 p4 #aij4 ,pausanias1 l4 x4 ,confrez avec s*yl4 ,9 ,*oephori1 v4 #ajcf2 ,eurip41 ,9 ,ore/41 v4 #accj2 ,plat411 ,de ,rep41 l4 iv41 etc4 #cd ,plut41 ,de ,music4 ,tzetzes1 ,*iliads1 vii42 ,hi/41 #ajh4 #ce ,amphion1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! ,phnician words 7am71 a "m-nation1 a metropolis1 7phi71 a m\?1 a voice1 & 7,jn71 ,greece4 ,!nce ! ,greeks h d]iv$ 1 a "m-voice1 t is1 or?odox1 legal1 ^u :i* all %\ld be regulat$4 ,?amyris1 9 ,greek 1 is compos$ ( ! ,phnician words 7?am71 tw91 7aur71 light1 7i%71 ( ! be+4 #cf ,plut41 ,de ,music4 #cg ,diod4 ,sicul41 l4 iii41 #ce4 ,pausan41 ,9 ,bot41 p4 #ehe4 #ch ,biblio!ca ,grca1 p4 #d4 #ci ,duhalde1 t4 iv41 9-fol41 p4 #fe4 ,^! ,t>t>s _h no idea ( poetry be=e _! conque/ ( ,*9a2 also !y imag9$ t x 0 only 9 ,*9a :]e ! rules ( ?is sci5ce _h be5 =mulat$1 & t ! re/ ( ! _w resembl$ !m4 #dj ,ki5-long1 "o ( ! desc5dants ( ,kang-hi1 has made good v]se 9 ,*9ese4 ,?is pr9ce has compos$ an hi/orical poem on ! conque/ ( ! ,eleu?1 or ,olo? p1 :o1 aft] hav+ be5 a long "t tribut>y to ,*9a1 revolt$4 7,mm4 conc]nant les ,*941 t4 i41 p4 #cbi47 #da ,! comm5cem5t ( ! ,indian ,kali-y\g is plac$ #caja or #cajb ye>s be=e our era4 ,frret has fix$ x1 9 8 *ronological rese>*es1 at ,janu>y #af1 #cajb1 a half h\r be=e ! w9t] sol/ice1 9 ! colure ( :i* 0 !n f\nd ! fir/ /> ( ,aries4 ,! ,brahmans say t ?is age ( d>kness & uncleanness mu/ endure #dcb1jjj ye>s4 ,kali signifies 9 ,sanskrit1 all t :i* is black1 %ad[y1 mat]ial1 bad4 ,f !re1 ! ,lat9 ^w caligo2 & ! ,fr5* ^w galimatias2 ! la/ "p ( ?is ^w comes f ! ,greek ^w 1 a disc\rse1 :i* is itself d]iv$ f ! ,phnician 7mot or myt71 :i* expresses all t moves1 /irs up2 a motion1 a ^w1 etc4 #db ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 ii41 p4 #adj4 ,! ,brahmans say t _! imp]ial dyna/ies1 pontifical z well z laic1 or sol> & lun>1 became ext+ui%$ a ?\s& ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,kali-y\g1 ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,x 0 at ?is epo* t ,india 0 divid$ into _m indep5d5t sov]eignties & t a p[]ful re=m] ( ! cult appe>$ 9 ,magadha1 :o took ! surname ( ,buddha4 #dc ,h]od41 l4 ii4 ,?is hi/orian said t 9 ! e>ly times all ,egypt 0 a morass1 ) ! exception ( ! c\ntry ( ,!bes2 t no?+ 0 se5 ( ! l&1 :i* "o saw !re at ! epo* 9 :i* he 0 writ+1 beyond ,lake ,mris2 & t go+ up ! riv]1 dur+ a sev5 days' j\rney1 all seem$ a va/ sea4 ,?is same writ] said 9 ! beg9n+ ( book i41 & ?is is v rem>kable1 t ! ,phnicians _h ent]$ f ! ,r$ ,sea into ! ,m$it]ranean1 to e/abli% !mselves ^u its %ores1 :i* !y w\ld h be5 unable to d if ! ,i/hmus ( ,suez _h exi/$4 ,see :at ,ari/otle says on ?is subject1 ,meteorolog41 l4 i41 c4 #ad4 #dd ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 iii41 p4 #cba4 ,! exc]pts t ,wil=d has made f ! ,p\rana1 entitl$ ,sc&a1 ! ,god ( ,w>1 prove t ! ,palis1 call$ ,phili/9es1 on acc\nt ( _! same c\ntry1 ,palis-/han1 go+ out f ,india1 e/abli%$ !mselves ^u ! ,p]sian ,gulf &1 "u ! "n ( ,phnicians1 came aft]w>ds along ! coa/ ( ,yem51 on ! bord]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 :5ce !y pass$ into ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 z ,h]odotus said1 accord+ to ! ,p]sian traditions4 ,?is co9cid5ce is ( great hi/orical int]e/4 #de ,niebuhr1 ,descript4 de l',arab41 p4 #afd4 ,two p[]ful tribes became divid$ 9 ,arabia at ?is epo*3 t ( ! ,himy>ites1 :o possess$ ! m]idional "p1 or ,yem51 & t ( ! ,korei%ites1 :o occupi$ ! sept5trional "p1 or ,hejaz4 ,! capital ( ! ,himy>ites 0 call$ ,dh(>2 _! k+s took ! title ( ,tobba & enjoy$ an h]$it>y p[]4 ,! ,korei%ites possess$ ! sacr$ city ( ,arabia1 ,mecca1 :]e 0 f\nd ! anci5t temple /ill v5]at$ today by ! ,mussulmans4 #df ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 iii41 p4 ii4 #dg ,diodorus ,siculus1 l4 ii41 #ab4 ,/rabo1 l4 xvi4 ,suidas1 art4 ,semiramis4 #dh ,phot41 ,cod41 #dd4 ,ex4 ,diodor41 l4 xl4 ,syncell41 p4 #fa4 ,joseph41 ,contr4 ,apion4 #di ,hrod41 l4 ii4 ,diod4 ,siculus1 l4 i41 #b4 #ej ,diodor4 ,sicul41 l4 i41 #b4 ,delille-de-,salles1 ,hi/4 des ,homm41 ,egypte1 t4 iii41 p4 #agh4 #ea ,plat41 9 ,tim4 ,dial4 ,!opomp4 apud ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evan41 l4 x41 c4 #aj4 ,diod4 ,sicul41 l4 i41 initio4 #eb ,diodor4 ,sicul41 l4 i41 initio4 #ec ,pausan41 ,bot41 p4 #gfh4 #ed ,?is ^w is ,egyptian & ,phnician alike4 ,x is compos$ ( ! words 7aur71 light1 & 7roph71 cure1 salvation4 #ee ,eurydice1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! ,phnician words 7rohe71 vision1 cle>ness1 evid5ce1 & 7di*71 t :i* demon/rates or tea*es3 ^! two words are prec$$ by ! ,greek adv]b 1 :i* expresses all t is good1 happy1 & p]fect 9 its k9d4 #ef ,plat41 ,9 ,phdon4 ,ibid41 ,9 ,panegyr4 ,ari/ot41 ,rhet41 l4 ii41 c4 #bd4 ,isocr41 ,paneg4 ,cic]o1 ,de ,leg41 l4 ii4 ,plut>41 ,de ,isid4 ,paus41 ,9 ,phoc41 etc4 #eg ,?odoret1 ,!rapeut4 #eh ,philo1 ,de ,vit ,mosis1 l4 i4 #ei ,jamblic41 ,de ,vit ,py?ag41 c4 #b4 ,apul41 ,florid41 ii4 ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 viii4 #fj ,voyage du jeune ,ana*>sis1 t4 i41 ,introd41 p4 #g4 #fa ,meurs41 ,de ,relig4 ,a!n41 l4 i41 c4 #i4 #fb ,apollon41 l4 iii41 p4 #bcg4 #fc ,hyg941 ,fabl41 #adc4 #fd ,pausan41 ,arcad41 p4 #bff1 #bfh1 etc4 #fe ,/rabo1 l4 x2 ,meurs41 ,eleus41 c4 #ba et seq42 ,paus41 ,a?41 c4 #bh2 ,fulg5t41 ,my?41 l4 i42 ,philo/r41 ,9 ,apollon41 l4 ii42 ,a!n41 l4 xi42 ,procl41 ,9 ,tim4 ,comm5t41 l4 v4 #ff ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 xiii41 c4 #ab4 #fg ,! unity ( ,god is taught 9 an ,orphic hymn ( :i* ,ju/91 ,tatian1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,cyril1 & ,!odore h pres]v$ fragm5ts4 7,orphei ,hymn4 ,ed5te ,es*5ba*41 p4 #bdb47 #fh ,clem4 ,alex41 ,admon4 ad ,g5t41 p4 #dh2 ibid41 ,/rom41 l4 v41 p4 #fjg4 #fi ,apoll41 ,arg41 l4 i41 v4 #dif2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 l4 iv41 p4 #dge4 #gj ,?imo?e1 cit p> ,banni]1 ,my?ol41 i41 p4 #ajd4 #ga ,macrobius1 ,somm4 ,scip41 l4 i41 c4 #ab4 #gb ,eurip41 ,hippol41 v4 #idh4 #gc ,plat41 ,de ,leg41 l4 vi42 ,jambl41 ,de ,vit ,py?ag4 #gd ,acad4 des ,insc41 t4 v41 p4 #aag4 #ge ,procl41 ,9 ,tim41 l4 v41 p4 #ccj2 ,cic]o1 ,somm4 ,scip41 c4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #f4 #gf ,montesquieu & ,buffon h be5 ! greate/ adv]s>ies ( poetry1 !y 7 v eloqu5t 9 prose2 b t does n prev5t "o f apply+ to !m1 z did ,voltaire1 ! words ( ,montaigne3 8,we _c atta9 x1 let u av5ge ourselves by sl&]+ x40 #gg ,horat41 ,de ,arte pot42 ,/rab41 l4 x4 #gh ,orig51 ,contr4 ,cels41 l4 i41 p4 #ab2 ,daci]1 ,vie de ,py?agore4 #gi 4 #hj 4 #ha ,fabric41 ,bibl4 grc41 p4 #abj1 #abi4 #hb ,apollon1 ,argon41 l4 i41 v4 #dif4 #hc ,plut>41 ,de ,placit4 philos41 c4 #ac2 ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 xv41 c4 #cj2 ,/obeus1 ,eclog4 phys41 #ed4 ,proclus quotes ! v]ses ( ,orpheus on ?is subject1 ,9 ,tim41 l4 iv41 p4 #bhc4 ,voyez ,la ,biblio?4 grc4 de ,fabricius1 p4 #acb4 #hd ,fabric41 ,bibliot4 grc41 p4 #d1 #bb1 #bf1 #cj1 etc42 ,voyag4 d',ana*41 *4 #hj4 #he ,f ! ,greek ^w 3 z "o w\ld say circuit1 ! circul> envelopm5t ( a ?+4 #hf ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,gn4 allg41 p4 #aai4 #hg ,casaubon1 ,9 ,a!n41 p4 #cja2 ,fabric41 ,bibl4 grc4 l4 i41 c4 #ag2 ,voyag4 d',ana*41 *4 #hj2 ,proclus1 cit p> ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ibid4 #hh ,ari/41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #h1 #af1 #be1 etc4 #hi ,x is ne$less = me to obs]ve t ! bir?place ( ,hom] has be5 ! object ( a ho/ ( discussions z mu* among ! anci5ts z among ! mod]ns4 ,my plan "h is n to put d[n aga9 en problme1 nor to exam9e anew ! ?+s :i* h be5 a hundr$ times discuss$ & t ,i h suffici5tly exam9$4 ,i h *os51 f ! mid/ ( all ! div]g5t op9ions born ( ^! discussions1 t :i* has appe>$ to me ! mo/ probable1 :i* agrees be/ ) kn[n facts1 & :i* is connect$ bett] ) ! analytical ?read ( my ideas4 ,i advise my read]s to d ! same4 ,x is nei!r ! bir?place ( ,hom] nor ! "n ( 8 p>5ts t is ! important matt]3 x is 8 g5ius t mu/ be fa?om$4 ,^? :o w\ld1 h[ev]1 satisfy _! curiosity reg>d+ ^! subjects =eign to my rese>*es1 w f9d 9 ,la ,biblio?que grecque de ,fabricius1 & 9 ! book by ,lon ,allatius entitl$ ,de ,patri ,hom]i1 en\gh mat]ial = all ! sy/ems !y may wi% to build4 ,!y w f9d !re tw5ty-six diff]5t locations :]e9 !y c1 at _! pleasure1 place ! cradle ( ! poet4 ,! sev5 mo/ fam\s places indicat$ 9 a ,greek v]se by ,aulus ,gellius are1 ,smyrna1 ,rhodes1 ,colophon1 ,salamis1 ,*ios1 ,argos1 & ,a!ns4 ,! n9ete5 indicat$ by div]s au?ors1 are ,pylos1 ,*ios1 ,cyprus1 ,clazom51 ,babylon1 ,cum1 ,egypt1 ,italy1 ,crete1 ,i?aca1 ,myc51 ,phrygia1 ,monia1 ,lucania1 ,lydia1 ,syria1 ,!ssaly1 & f9ally ,troy1 & ev5 ,rome4 ,h[ev]1 ! tradition :i* ,i h foll[$1 9 consid]+ ,hom] z born n f> f ,smyrna1 ^u ! bord]s ( ! riv] ,meles1 is n only ! mo/ probable b ! mo/ g5]ally foll[$2 x has 9 its fav\r ,p9d>2 ! fir/ anonym\s ,life ( ,hom]2 ! ,life ( ?is poet by ,proclus2 ,cic]o1 9 8 oration = ,ar*ias2 ,eu/a?ius 9 8 ,prolgomnes sur l',iliade2 ,ari/otle1 ,potique1 l4 iii42 ,aulus ,gellius1 ,m>tial1 & ,suidas4 ,x is kn[n t ,smyrna1 jeal\s ( consecrat+ ! glory t x attribut$ to itself1 ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ,hom]1 erect$ to ?is great g5ius a temple ) quadrangul> portico1 & %[$ = a long "t1 ne> ! s\rce ( ! ,meles1 a grotto1 :]e a contemporane\s tradition supposes t he _h compos$ 8 fir/ works4 ,voyez ,la ,vie d',homre1 p> ,delille-de-,sales1 p4 #di1 et les ouvrages qu'il cite3 ,voyage de ,*&el]1 t4 i41 p4 #afb1 et ,voyages pittoresques de ,*oiseul-,g\ffi]1 p4 #bjj4 #ij ,hrod41 l4 v41 #db2 ,?ucyd41 l4 i41 #ab4 #ia ,m>bres de ,p>os1 ,epoq4 #bh2 ,hrod41 l4 i41 #adb1 #ade1 #adi2 ,plat41 ,de ,leg41 l4 v42 ,/rab41 l4 xiv42 ,pausan41 l4 vii41 #b2 lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/or41 l4 viii41 c4 #e2 ,sa9te-,croix1 ,de l'tat des ,colon1 des anc4 ,peuples1 p4 #fe2 ,b\rga9ville1 ,diss]t4 sur les ,mtrop4 et les ,colon41 p4 #ah2 ,spanheim1 ,pr/41 num4 p4 #ehj4 #ib ,bible1 ,*ron4 ii41 *4 #ab et suiv4 #ic ,ibid41 ,*ron4 ii41 *4 #cb et #cf4 #id ,pausanias1 passim4 #ie ,/rab41 l4 xiv42 ,polyb41 l4 v42 ,aulu-,gell41 l4 vii41 c4 #c2 ,meurs41 ,9 ,rhod41 l4 i41 c4 #ah et #ba2 ,hi/4 univ4 des ,anglais1 9-#h1 t4 ii41 p4 #dic4 #if ,diod4 ,sicul41 l4 i41 #b4 #ig ,9 ,phnician 7,meli*-rtz71 9 ,greek 3 a "n giv5 to ! ,div9ity :om ! ,?racians call$ ,h]cules1 ! ,"l ( ! ,univ]se3 f or 7h>r or %>71 excell5ce1 dom9ance1 sov]eignty2 & 7col471 ,all4 ,notice t ! ,teutonic roots are n v diff]5t f ! ,phnician3 ,h]r signifies "l1 & alles1 all2 s t ,h]r-alles is1 ) ! exception ( ! guttural inflection :i* is effac$1 ! same ^w z t ( ,h]cules1 us$ by ! ,?racians & ! ,etruscans4 ,! ,greeks h made a transposition ( lett]s 9 7,h]acles7 s z to evade ! guttural h>%ness )\t entirely los+ x4 #ih ,goguet1 ,orig9e des ,lois et des ,arts1 t4 i41 p4 #cei4 #ii ,voyez ,epiphane1 ,hres1 xxvi41 et confrez avec ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #cbh4 #ajj ,i h foll[$ ! tradition mo/ analog\s to ! developm5t ( my ideas2 b ,i am aw>e t1 ^u ?is po9t1 z ^u _m o!rs1 ,i h only to *oose4 ,! hi/oric fact1 9 t :i* relates to ! sac]dotal ar*ives :i* ,hom] consult$ 9 compos+ 8 poems1 is ev]y:]e ! same au fond2 b ! accessory details v>y greatly accord+ to ! writ]s :o relate !m4 ,= example1 "o reads 9 a small fragm5t attribut$ to ,antipat] ( ,sidon & pres]v$ 9 ,greece ,an?ology1 t ,hom]1 born at ,!bes 9 ,egypt1 drew 8 epic subjects f ! ar*ives ( ! temple ( ,isis2 f ano!r s\rce1 ,ptolemy ,ephe/ion1 cit$ by ,photius1 t ! ,greek poet _h receiv$ f a prie/ ( ,memphis1 nam$ ,?amits1 ! orig9al writ+s ( an inspir$ damsel1 nam$ ,phancy4 ,/rabo1 )\t m5tion+ any place 9 p>ticul>1 said 9 g5]al1 speak+ ( ! long j\rneys ( ,hom]1 t ?is poet w5t ev]y:]e to consult ! religi\s ar*ives & ! oracles pres]v$ 9 ! temples2 & ,diodorus ( ,sicily gives evid5ce sometimes t he borr[$ _m ?+s f a sibyl by ! "n ( ,manto1 daught] ( ,tiresias2 & sometimes t he appropriat$ ! v]se ( a py?oness ( ,delphi1 nam$ ,daphne4 ,all ^! contradictory details prove1 9 reality1 ! tru?2 = :e!r x be f ,!bes1 ,memphis1 ,tyre1 ,delphi1 or else:]e t ,hom] drew ! subject ( 8 *ants1 matt]s n ) ! subject :i* occupies me3 ! important po9t1 s]v+ z pro( ( my ass]tions1 is1 t !y h be51 9 fact1 drawn f a sanctu>y2 & :at has det]m9$ me to *oose ,tyre r ?an ,!bes or ,memphis1 is t ,tyre 0 ! fir/ "m city ( ,greece4 #aja ,i h said 9 ! above t ! "n ( ,hel5a or ,sel5a 0 t ( ! moon 9 ,greek4 ,! root ( ?is ^w is alike ,celtic & ,phnician4 ,"o f9ds x 9 ,teutonic hell1 :i* signifies cle>1 lum9\s1 & 9 ,hebrew 7hll71 :i* conta9s ! same s5se ( spl5d\r1 glory1 & elevation4 ,"o /ill says 9 ,g]man heilig1 holy1 & selig1 bless$2 also selle1 s\l1 & sell51 s\ls4 ,& ?is is wor?y ( ! close/ att5tion1 p>ticul>ly :5 "o reflects t1 foll[+ ! doctr9e ( ! anci5ts1 ! moon hel5 or sel5 0 reg>d$ z ! res]voir ( ! s\ls ( ^? :o desc5d f heav5 to pass into bodies by means ( g5]ation1 &1 purg$ by ! fire ( life1 escape f e>? to asc5d to heav54 ,see1 conc]n+ ?is doctr9e1 ,plut>* 7,de ,facie 9 ,orb4 ,lun471 & conf] ) ,beausobre 7,hi/oire du ,mani*41 t1 ii41 p4 #caa74 ,! "n ( ,p>is1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! ,phnician words or 7b> or ph>71 all g5]ation1 propagation1 ext5sion1 & 7i%71 ! ,be+-pr9ciple4 ,! "n ( ,m5elaus1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! ,phnician words 7m571 all t :i* det]m9es1 regulates1 or def9es a ?+1 prop]ly1 ! rational faculty1 ! reason1 ! measure1 9 ,lat9 m5s1 m5sura2 & 7a%71 ! ,be+-pr9ciple act+1 be=e :i* is plac$ ! prefix 7l71 to express ! g5itive case1 9 ?is mann]1 7m5eh-l-a%71 ! rational faculty or regulator ( ! be+ 9 g5]al1 & man 9 p>ticul>3 = rlm21 rlm2rlm21 rlm2rlm21 rlm2 7a%1 a%1 i%1 a%71 signifies equally fire1 pr9ciple1 be+1 & man4 ,! etymology ( ^! ?ree words c1 z "o sees1 ?r[ great light ^u ! fable ( ! ,iliad4 ,"h is ano!r rem>kable po9t on ?is subject4 ,hom] has nev] us$1 to designate ! ,greeks1 ! "n ( ,hell5es1 t is to say1 ! respond5ts1 or ! lun>s3 x 0 9 8 "t q a new "n1 :i* ! conf$]at$ ,greeks _h tak5 to resi/ =eign attack2 x is only 9 ! ,odyssey1 & :5 he is already old1 t he employs ! "n ,hellas to designate ,greece4 ,! "n :i* he gives con/antly to ?is c\ntry1 is t ( ,a*aia 771 & he opposes x to t ( ,troy 773 n[1 ,a*aia signifies ! /rong1 ! igne\s1 ! spiritual2 & ,troy1 ! t]re/rial1 ! gross4 ,! ,phnician roots are 7ehi71 ! exhal+ =ce ( fire1 & 7tr7 ! balanc+ p[] ( ! e>?4 ,ref]1 9 ?is reg>d1 to ,c\rt de ,gbel9 7,mond4 prim41 t4 vi41 p4 #fd74 ,pomponius ,sab9us1 9 8 ,comm5taires sur l',ende1 said t ! "n ( ! city ( ,troy signifi$ a s[1 & he adds t ! ,trojans _h = an ensign a s[ embroid]$ 9 gold4 ,z to ! ^w ,ilion1 :i* 0 ! sacr$ "n ( ,troy1 x is v easy to recognize ! "n ( ! mat]ial pr9ciple1 call$ 7ul7 by ! ,greeks & ylis by ! ,egyptians4 ,iambli*us speaks ( x at great l5g? 9 8 ,book on ! ,my/]ies 7 #g71 z ! pr9ciple f :i* all has bir?3 ?is 0 also ! op9ion ( ,porphyry 7,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 ix41 c4 #i & #aa74 #ajb ,metrodorus ( ,lampsacus cit$ by ,tatian 7,adv]4 ,g5t41 #cg74 ,plato1 ,9 ,alcibiad41 ii41 ,cronius1 ,porphyry1 ,phurnutus1 ,iambli*us1 cit$ by ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,gnie allg41 p4 #cf1 #dc2 ,plato1 ,9 ,ion42 ,cic]o1 ,de ,natur4 ,deor41 l4 ii42 ,/rabo1 l4 i42 ,orig51 ,contr4 ,cels4 ,among ! mod]ns c be c\nt$ ,bacon1 ,blackwell1 ,basnage1 ,b]gi]1 & ,c\rt de ,gbel9 himself1 :o has giv5 a li/ ( eighty writ]s :o h ?is op9ion4 #ajc ,dionys4 ,halic41 ,de ,comp4 v]b41 t4 v41 c4 #af1 #bf2 ,qu9til41 l4 x41 c4 #a2 ,long941 ,de ,sublim41 c4 #ac2 lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 l4 viii41 c4 #b2 ,plat41 ,alcibiad41 i4 #ajd ,plat41 ,9 ,vit ,lycurg4 #aje ,allat41 ,de ,patr4 ,hom]41 c4 #e2 ,meurs41 ,9 ,pisi/41 c4 #i et #ab2 ,plat41 ,9 ,hipp>c4 #ajf ,s5ec41 ,epi/41 #aag4 #ajg ,ibidem1 #hh4 #ajh ,dionys4 ,halic41 ,9 ,vit ,hom]42 ,eu/a?41 ,9 ,iliad1 l4 i4 #aji ,/rabo1 l4 xiv41 p4 #fdf4 #aaj ,ari/41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #b1 cit4 p> ,b>?41 ,voyag4 d',ana*41 t4 vii41 c4 #hj1 p4 #dd4 #aaa ,! ^w ,epopia is tak5 f ! ,greek - :i* designates alike a poet & an epic poem4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! ,phnician words 7apho7 an impassion$ transport1 a vortex1 an impulse1 an en?usiasm2 & 7phohe71 a m\?1 a disc\rse4 ,"o c obs]ve t ! ,lat9 ^w v]sus1 :i* is appli$ also to a ?+ :i* turns1 :i* is borne along1 & to a poetic v]se1 translates exactly ! ,greek ^w 1 ^: root 7aph7 expresses a vortex4 ,! ,hebrew 7aphon7 signifies prop]ly a :eel4 #aab ,see 9 ! collection ( ,meibomius1 ,ari/ides1 ,qu9tilianus1 & ,les ,mm4 de l',acad4 des ,belles-,lettres1 t4 v41 p4 #aeb4 #aac ,voltaire1 ,dict4 philos41 art4 ,,rime4 #aad ,ref] to :at ,i h already said 9 la/ footnote p4 #dj4 #aae ,frret said t ! v]ses ( ! poet ,eumelus engrav5 ^u ! ar* ( ! ,cypselid 7 ?us repres5t$4 ,voyez sa ,diss]t4 sur l',art de l',equitation4 ,il cite ,pausanias1 l4 v41 p4 #dai4 #aaf ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,mond4 primit41 t4 ix41 p4 #bbb4 ,confrez avec ,ari/otle1 ,pot41 p4 #bj1 #ba1 #bb4 #aag ,plat41 ,dial4 ,ion4 #aah ,plat41 ut supr4 #aai lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 l4 xiii41 c4 #ad2 ,diog4 ,lart41 ,9 ,solon41 l4 i41 #eg4 #abj ,plat41 ,9 ,hipp>c42 ,pausan1 l4 vii41 c4 #bf2 ,cic]41 ,de ,orat41 l4 iii4 #aba ,eu/a?41 ,9 ,iliad41 l4 i41 p4 #ade2 l4 ii41 p4 #bfc4 #abb ,dionys4 ,halic41 ,de ,comp4 v]b41 t4 v41 c4 #af et #bd2 ,qu9til41 ,in/it41 l4 x41 c4 #a4 #abc ,a!n41 l4 xv41 c4 #h2 ,ari/ot41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #af2 lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 c4 #ae4 #abd ,b>!l41 ,voyag4 d',an>*>41 t4 vii41 *4 #hj1 p4 #df1 #eb4 #abe ,x c be se5 t ,i h plac$ 9 ! ^w ,/esichorus1 an acc5t grave ov] ! consonant c1 & x w be notic$ t ,i h us$ x ?us ) respect to _m simil> words4 ,x is a habit ,i h contract$ 9 writ+1 s z to di/+ui%1 9 ?is mann]1 ! d\ble consonant *1 9 ! =eign words1 or 9 _! d]ivatives1 :5 x %\ld take ! guttural inflexion1 9 place ( ! hiss+ inflexion :i* we ord9>ily give to x4 ,?us ,i acc5t ! c 9 ,*io1 chur1 chorus1 cho1 chlorose1 chiragre1 chronique1 etc42 to indicate t ^! words %\ld be pron\nc$ ,khio1 khur1 khorus1 kho1 khlorose1 khiragre1 khronique1 ) ! aspirate s\nd ( k1 & n ) t ( ! hiss+ c1 z 9 ,*ypre1 *aume1 *ope1 *aire1 etc4 ,?is acc5tuation has appe>$ to me necess>y1 especially :5 "o is oblig$ to transcribe 9 mod]n *>act]s _m =eign words :i*1 lack+ usage1 "o kn[s n1 at fir/1 h[ to pron\nce4 ,x is1 aft] all1 a slight innovation 9 or?ography1 :i* ,i leave to ! decision ( ! gramm>ians4 ,i only say t x w be v difficult = !m1 )\t ?is acc5t1 or any o!r sign :i* might be us$1 to "k h[ "o %\ld pron\nce ) a diff]5t inflexion1 ,achae & ,a*en2 ,a*ille & ,achillede2 ,a*ron & achrontique2 ,bacchus & ba*ique1 etc4 #abf ,vossius1 ,de ,in/4 pot41 l4 iii41 c4 #ae2 ,ari/ot41 ,rhet41 l4 ii41 #bc2 ,max4 ,tyr4 ,orat41 viii41 p4 #hf4 #abg lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 l4 xiii41 c4 #ad1 ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,mond4 prim41 t4 viii41 p4 #bjb4 #abh ,plat41 ,9 ,!t42 ibid41 ,de ,republ41 l4 x42 ,ari/41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #d1 etc4 #abi ,! "n ( ,hom]id1 giv5 at fir/ to all ! disciples ( ,hom]1 0 aft]w>ds usurp$ by c]ta9 inhabitants ( ,*ios :o call$ !mselves 8 desc5dants 7,/rab41 l4 xiv42 ,isocr41 ,hell54 encom474 ,also ,i %\ld /ate "h t ! "n ( ,hom]1 1 0 nev] ( ,greek orig9 & has n signifi$1 z has be5 said1 bl9d4 ,! initial lett] ,o is n a negation1 b an article add$ to ! ,phnician ^w 7mra71 :i* signifies1 prop]ly speak+1 a c5tre ( light1 & figuratively1 a ma/]1 a doctor4 #acj ,! surname ,eumolpid1 giv5 to ! hi]ophants1 successors ( ,orpheus1 comes f ! ^w 1 by :i* is designat$ ! /yle ( poetry ( ?is div9e man4 ,x signifies ! p]fect voice4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! ,phnician words 7mola71 p]fect$1 & 7phoh71 m\?1 voice1 disc\rse4 ,! adv]b 1 :i* prec$es x1 expresses :atev] is beautiful1 holy1 p]fect4 #aca ,fabric41 ,bibl4 ,grc41 p4 #cf1 #aje1 #bdj1 #dfi1 passim2 ,ari/41 ,probl41 xix41 #bh2 ,meurs41 ,bibl4 ,grc41 c4 i4 #acb ,ari/41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #h4 #acc ,porphyre1 ,9 ,vit ,py?agor41 p4 #ba2 ,clem4 ,alex41 l4 vi41 p4 #feh2 ,plato1 ,de ,leg41 l4 iii42 ,plut>41 ,de ,music41 p4 #aada2 ,poll41 l4 iv41 c4 #i4 #acd ,i h plac$ ! epo* ( ,orpheus1 :i* co9cides ) t ( ! arrival ( ! ,egyptian colony conduct$ into ,greece by ,cecrops1 at #aehb ,b4,c41 accord+ to ! m>bles ( ,p>os4 #ace ,s*ol4 ,ari/oph41 ,9 ,nub41 v4 #bie4 #acf ,a!n41 l4 ii41 c4 #c4 #acg ,voyez ,l',hi/4 du ,?tre ,franais de ,font5elle4 ,voici les titres des premires pices reprs5tes dans le c\rs du ,,xiv sicle3 ,l',assomption de la glorieuse ,vi]ge ,m>ie1 my/re #ch p]sonnages2 ,le ,my/re de la ,sa9te ,ho/ie1 #bf p]sonn42 ,le ,my/re de ,monseigneur ,s4 ,pi]re et ,s4 ,paul1 #ajj p]sonn42 ,les ,my/res de la ,conception de la ,passion1 de la ,rsurrection de ,notre ,seigneur ,j4 ,c42 etc4 #ach ,see ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 v4 iii41 p4 #dbg-dca1 & #dfe-dfg4 ,also ,gramm> ( ! ,b5gal ,language1 preface1 p4 v4 #aci ,see ,int]e/+ ,hi/orical ,ev5ts1 by ,holwell1 *4 #g4 #adj ,ari/ot41 ,probl41 #ae1 c4 #ai2 ,pausan41 l4 i41 c4 #g4 #ada ,see ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 vi41 p4 #cjj-cjh4 #adb ,rama is1 9 ,sanskrit1 ! "n ( t :i* is dazzl+1 elevat$1 :ite1 sublime1 protective1 beautiful1 excell5t4 ,?is ^w has exactly ! same s5se 9 ! ,phnician 7ram74 ,its primitive root1 :i* is univ]saliz$ by ! hmantique lett] 7m71 is 7ra71 :i* has ref]5ce to ! h>monic movem5t ( good1 ( light1 & ( sight4 ,! "n ( ! adv]s>y ( ,rama1 ,ra:an1 is =m$ f ! root 7ra:7 :i* expresses1 on ! contr>y1 ! disord]$ movem5t ( evil & ( fire1 & :i*1 becom+ unit$ ) ! augm5tative syllable 7n71 depicts :atev] ravages & ru9s2 ?is is ! signification :i* x has 9 ,sanskrit4 #adc ,f ! ^w 7rama7 is =m$ 9 ,phnician ! ^w 7drama7 by ! adjunction ( ! demon/rative article 7d'72 t is to say1 a ?+ :i* comes f ,rama3 an action well ord]$1 beautiful1 sublime1 etc4 ,notice t ! ,greek v]b 1 to act1 :5ce is drawn v inappropriately ! ^w 1 is always atta*$ to ! same root 7ra7 :i* is t ( h>monic movem5t4 #add ,a!n41 l4 ii41 c4 #c2 ,ari/41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #c1 #d1 #e4 #ade ,trag$y1 9 ,greek 1 comes f ! words 1 au/]e1 sev]e1 l(ty1 & *ant4 ,com$y1 9 ,greek 1 is d]iv$ f ! words 1 joyful1 lascivi\s1 & 1 *ant4 ,x is unnecess>y = me to say t ! etymologi/s :o h se5 9 trag$y a song ( ! goat1 because signifies a goat 9 ,greek1 h misund]/ood ! simple/ laws ( etymology4 signifies a goat only by metaphor1 because ( ! r\ghness & heights :i* ?is animal loves to climb2 z cap]1 9 ,lat91 holds to ! same root z caput2 & *vre1 9 ,fr5*1 to ! same root z *ef1 = a simil> reason4 #adf ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 i41 #ei4 #adg ,plut>4 ,9 ,solon4 #adh ,ari/41 ,de ,mor41 l4 iii41 c4 #b2 lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 l4 v41 c4 #ai2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 l4 ii41 c4 #ad4 #adi ,plato1 ,de ,legib41l4 iii4 #aej ,a!n41 l4 viii41 c4 #h4 #aea ,plut>41 ,de ,music4 #aeb ,horat41 ,de ,art4 pot1 v4 #bgi2 ,vitrav41 ,9 ,prefac41 l4 vii41 p4 #abd4 #aec s*ylus1 ,9 ,prome?41 ,act ,i41 ,sc4 #a1 et ,act4 ,v41 ,sc4 ult4 #aed s*ylus1 ,9 ,eum5id41 ,act ,v41 ,sc4 #c4 #aee ,ari/oph4 ,9 ,plut41 v4 #dbc2 ,pausan41 l4 i41 c4 #bh2 ,vit s*yl4 apud41 ,/anley1 p4 #gjb4 #aef ,dionys4 ,*rys41 ,orat41 l4 ii4 #aeg ,ari/oph41 ,9 ,ran42 ,philo/r41 ,9 ,vit ,apollon1 l4 vi41 c4 ii4 #aeh ,plut>41 ,9 ,cimon42 ,a!n41 l4 viii41 c4 #h4 #aei ,philo/r41 ,9 ,vit ,apoll41 l4 vi41 c4 ii4 #afj ,s*ol41 ,9 ,vit ,sophocl42 ,suidas1 ,9 42 ,plut>41 ,de ,pr(ect4 ,vit4 #afa ,ari/ot41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #be4 #afb ,ari/oph41 ,9 ,ran41 v4 #hgd et #ajge4 #afc ,philo/r41 ,vit ,apoll41 l4 ii41 c4 #b2 l4 iv41 c4 #af2 l4 vi41 c4 #aa2 ,vit s*yl4 apud1 ,robort41 p4 #aa4 #afd ,ari/oph41 ,9 ,ran42 ,ari/ot41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #be4 #afe ,plato1 ,de ,legib41 l4 ii4 et iii4 #aff ,hrodot41 l4 vi41 #ba2 ,cors941 ,fa/4 attic41 t4 iii41 p4 #agb2 ,ari/ot41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #i4 #afg ,ari/ot41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #i4 #afh ,sus>ion appe>$ #ehj ,b4,c41 & ,!spis "s ye>s aft]4 ,! latt] produc$ 8 trag$y ( ,alce/is 9 #ecf ,b4,c42 & ! condemnation ( ,socrates occurr$ 9 #cii ,b4,c4 ,s t only #aha ye>s elaps$ betwe5 ! initial pres5tation ( com$y & ! dea? ( ?is philosoph]4 #afi ,ari/ot41 ,de ,pot41 c4 #c4 #agj ,ari/oph1 ,9 ,pac41 v4 #gdj2 ,s*ol41 ibid42 ,epi*>m41 ,9 ,nupt4 ,heb4 apud ,a!n41 l4 iii41 p4 #he4 #aga ,plat41 ,9 ,argum42 ,ari/oph4 p4 xi42 ,s*ol41 ,de ,comd42 ibid41 p4xii4 #agb ,!nce arises ! epi!t ( ,eumolpique t ,i give to ! v]ses :i* =m ! subject ( ?is "w4 #agc ,! pro( t ,rome 0 sc>cely kn[n 9 ,greece1 at ! epo* ( ,alex&]1 is t ! hi/orian ,!opompus1 accus$ by all critics ( too mu* prolixity1 has said only a s+le ^w conc]n+ ?is city1 to ann\nce t %e _h be5 tak5 by ! ,gauls 7,pl9y1 l4 iii41 c4 #e74 ,bayle obs]ves ) mu* sagacity1 t h[ev] little ,rome _h be5 kn[n at t "t1 %e w\ld n h fail$ to furni% ! subject ( a long digression = ?is hi/orian1 :o w\ld h delight$ mu* 9 x4 7,dict4 crit41 art4 ,,!opompus1 rem4 ,e47 #agd ,diog54 ,lart41 l4 i41 #aaf4 ,pl9y1 l4 v41 c4 #bi4 ,suidas1 ,9 4 #age ,deg]&o1 ,hi/4 des ,sy/m4 de ,phil41 t4 i41 p4 #abh1 la note4 #agf ,dionys4 ,halic41 ,de ,?ucid4 ,judic4 #agg ,! real f\nd] ( ! ,atomic sy/em su* z has be5 adopt$ by ,lucretius 7,de ,r]um ,natura1 l4 i471 0 ,mos*us1 ,phnician philosoph] ^: works ?rew light ^u ^? ( ,leucippus 7,posidonius cit p> ,/rabon1 l4 xvi41 ,sext4 ,empiric41 ,adv4 ma!m41 p4 #cfg74 ,?is sy/em well und]/ood1 does n diff] f t ( ! monads1 ( :i* ,leibnitz 0 ! inv5tor4 #agh ,frret1 ,my?olog4 ou ,religion des ,grecs4 #agi ,voltaire1 :o has adopt$ ?is error1 has f\nd$ x ^u ! signification ( ! ^w ,epos1 :i* he has connect$ ) t ( ,disc\rse 7,dictionn4 philos4 au mot ,,epop,e74 ,b he is mi/ak54 ,! ,greek ^w is translat$ accurately by v]sus4 ,!nce ! v]b 1 to foll[ 9 ! tracks1 to turn1 to g1 9 ! same s5se4 #ahj ,! ,greeks look$ ^u ! ,lat9 au?ors & arti/s z paup]s enri*$ by _! spoils2 also !y le>n$ _! language only :5 =c$ to d s4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ writ]s by :om ,rome 0 glorifi$1 7 r>ely cit$ by !m4 ,long9us1 :o took an example ( ! sublime 9 ,moses1 did n seek a s+le "o ei!r 9 ,horace or 9 ,v]gil2 he did n ev5 m5tion _! names4 ,x 0 ! same ) o!r critics4 ,plut>* spoke ( ,cic]o z a /atesman2 he quot$ _m ( 8 clev] say+s1 b he refra9$ f comp>+ him ) ,demo/h5es z an orator4 ,he excuses himself on acc\nt ( hav+ s little k ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 he :o _h liv$ s long 9 ,rome6 ,emp]or ,julian1 :o has writt5 only 9 ,greek1 cites only ,greek au?ors & n "o ,lat94 #aha ,voyez l'ouvrage de ,naud1 intitul3 ,apologie des hommes accuss de magie4 ,le nombre de ces hommes e/ trs-considrable4 #ahb ,all>d1 ,bibl4 du ,dauph91 la f94 #ahc ,duplessis-,mornai1 ,my/re d'iniquit1 p4 #bgi4 #ahd ,?is ,ballad tongue1 or r ,romance1 0 a mixture ( corrupt ,lat91 ,teutonic1 & anci5t ,gallic4 ,x 0 call$ ?us1 9 ord] to di/+ui% x f ! pure ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,! pr9cipal dialects ( ! ,romance tongue 7 ! langue d'oc1 spok5 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 & ! longue d'ol1 spok5 9 ! nor?4 ,x is f ! langue d'ol t ! ,fr5* desc5d4 ,! langue d'oc1 prevail+ ) ! tr\bad\rs :o cultivat$ x1 disappe>$ ) !m 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury & 0 lo/ 9 numb]less obscure prov9cial dialects4 ,voyez ,le ,tr\bad\r1 posies occitaniques1 la ,diss]t41 vol4 i4 #ahe ,font5elle1 ,hi/4 du ,?tre ,franais4 #ahf ,voyez ,sa9te-,palaye1 ,mm4 sur l'anci5ne ,*eval42 ,millot1 ,hi/4 des ,tr\bad4 ,disc4 prlim41 on ce que j'ai dit moi-mme dans le ,tr\bad\r1 comme ci-dessus4 #ahg ,x is necess>y to obs]ve t vau or val1 bau or bal1 accord+ to ! dialect1 signifies equally a dance1 a ball1 & a folly1 a fool4 ,! ,phnician1 root 7:al7 expresses all t is elevat$1 exalt$4 ,! ,fr5* words bal1 vol1 fol1 are "h d]iv$4 #ahh ,! sonnets are ( ,oscan orig94 ,! ^w son signifies a song 9 ! anci5t langue d'oc4 ,! ^w sonnet is appli$ to a little song1 pleas+ & ( an affect$ =m4 ,! madrigals are ( ,spani% orig9 z _! "n suffici5tly proves4 ,! ^w gala signifies 9 ,spani% a k9d ( fav\r1 an hon\r r5d]$1 a gallantry1 a pres5t4 ,?us ,madrid-gala arises f a gallantry 9 ! ,madrid fa%ion4 ,! sylves1 call$ sirves or sirv5tes by ! tr\bad\rs1 7 k9ds ( s]i\s poems1 ord9>ily satirical4 ,^! words come f ! ,lat9 sylva :i*1 accord+ to ,qu9tilius1 is said ( a piece ( v]se recit$ ex-tempore 7l4 x41 c4 #c74 #ahi ,voyez ,laborde1 ,essai sur la ,musique1 t4 i41 p4 #aab1 et t4 ii41 p4 #afh4 ,on tr\ve1 de la page #adi la page #bcb de ce mme volume1 un catalogue de t\s les anci5s romanci]s franais4 ,on peut voir1 p\r les ,itali5s1 ,crescemb9i1 ,della ,volg> ,posia4 #aij ,see ,laborde4 ,x is believ$ t ?is ,guilhaume1 bi%op ( ,p>is1 is ! au?or ( ! hi]oglyphic figures :i* adorn ! portal ( ,notre-,dame1 & t !y h "s connection ) ! h]metic sci5ce4 7,biblio?4 des ,phil4 ,*im41 t4 iv4 ,sa9t-,foix1 ,essai sur ,p>is47 #aia ,p]haps "o is a/oni%$ to see t ,i give ! "n ( sirv5tes1 or sylves1 to t :i* is commonly call$ ! poems ( ,dante2 b 9 ord] to und]/& me1 x is necess>y to consid] t ^! poems1 compos$ ( /anzas ( ?ree v]ses jo9$ 9 c\plets1 are prop]ly only long songs on a s]i\s subject1 :i* agrees ) ! sirv5te4 ,! poems ( ,boj>do1 ( ,ario/o1 ( ,tasso1 are1 z to =m1 only long ballads4 ,!y are poems because ( ! unity :i*1 not)/&+ ! innum]able episodes ) :i* !y are fill$1 con/itutes ! pr9cipal subject4 #aib ,pasqui]1 ,hi/4 et ,re*]*4 des ,antiq41 l4 vii41 *4 #ab4 ,h5ri-,eti5ne1 ,prcell5ce du ,lang4 ,fran41 p4 #ab4 ,d',olivet1 ,prosod41 art4 i41 #b4 ,delisle-de-,salles1 ,hi/4 de la ,trag41 t4 i41 p4 #aed1 la note4 #aic ,d',olivet1 ,prosod41 art4 ,v41 #a4 #aid ,ibidem4 #aie ,william ,jones1 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 i4 #aif ,ibid41 vol4 i41 p4 #dbe4 #aig ,william ,jones1 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 i41 p4 #dcj4 #aih ,wilk9's ,notes on ! ,hitopadesa1 p4 #bdi4 ,hall$'s ,gramm>1 9 ! preface4 ,! same1 ,code ( ! ,g5too-,laws4 ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 vol4 i41 p4 #dbc4 #aii ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 vol4 i41 p4 #cdf4 ,also 9 same "w1 vol4 i41 p4 #dcj4 #bjj ,w4 ,jones has put into ,engli% a ,natak entitl$ ,sakuntala or ,! ,fatal ,r+1 ( :i* ! ,fr5* translation has be5 made by ,brugnires4 ,p>is1 #ahjc1 *ez ,treuttel et ,wrtz4 #bja ,see ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 vol4 iii41 p4 #db1 #dg1 #hf1 #ahe1 etc4 #bjb ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 vol4 i41 p4 #bgi1 #ceg et #cfj4 #bjc ,in/itut4 ( ,h9dus-,laws4 ,w4 ,jones1 ,works1 t4 iii41 p4 #ea4 ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 vol4 ii41 p4 #cfh4 #bjd ,hi/4 gnr4 de la ,*9e1 t4 i41 p4 #ai4 ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*9ois1 t4 i41 p4 #i1 #ajd1 #afj4 ,*\-,k+4 ,*4 ,yu-,kong1 etc41 ,duhalde1 t4 i41 p4 #bff4 ,mm4 conc]n41 etc41 t4 xiii41 p4 #aij4 #bje ,! ,%e-,k+1 :i* conta9s ! mo/ anci5t poetry ( ! ,*9ese1 is only a collection ( odes & songs1 ( sylves1 ^u diff]5t hi/orical & moral subjects4 7,mm4 conc]4 les ,*9ois1 t4 i41 p4 #ea1 et t4 ii41 p4 #hj47 ,besides1 ! ,*9ese _h kn[n rhyme = m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s4 7,ibid41 t4 viii41 p4 #acc-ahe474 #bjf ,le ,p4 ,p>5n9 says t ! language ( ! ,man*us has an enorm\s quantity ( words :i* express1 9 ! mo/ concise & mo/ picturesque mann]1 :at ord9>y languages c d only by aid ( num]\s epi!ts or p]iphrases4 7,duhalde1 9-fol41 t4 iv41 p4 #fe47 #bjg ,ci-dessus1 p4 #ca4 #bjh ,voyez la traduction franaise des ,re*4 asiatiq41 t4 ii41 p4 #di1 notes a et b4 #bji ,voyez ce que dit de ,z5d1 ,anquetil ,dup]ron1 et l'exemple qu'il donne de cette anci5ne langue4 ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 i4 #baj ,d',h]belot1 ,bibl4 ori5t41 p4 #ed4 ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 ii41 p4 #ea4 #baa ,anquetil ,dup]ron1 ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 i4 #bab ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 ii41 p4 #ea4 #bac ,l'abb ,massieu1 ,hi/or4 de la ,posie fran41 p4 #hb4 #bad ,9 ,arabic 7diwan74 #bae ,d',h]belot1 ,bibl4 ori5t41 au mot ,,divan4 ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 ii41 p4 #ac4 #baf ,x mu/ be rem>k$ t ! ^w ,diw1 :i* is also ,p]sian1 0 alike appli$ 9 ,p]sia to ! ,div9e ,intellig5ce1 be=e ,zoroa/] _h *ang$ ! signification ( x by ! e/abli%m5t ( a new doctr9e1 :i*1 replac+ ! ,diws by ! ,is$s1 depriv$ !m ( ! dom9ion ( ,heav51 & repres5t$ !m z demons ( ! e>?4 ,see ,anquetil ,dup]ron1 ,v5didad-,sad1 p4 #acc1 ,b\n-,dehe%41 p4 #cee4 ,x is ?us t ,*ri/ianity has *ang$ ! s5se ( ! ,greek ^w 7,demon71 & r5d]$ x synonym\s ) ! devil2 :]eas x signifi$ 9 its pr9ciple1 div9e _s & g5ius4 #bag ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 ii41 p4 #ac4 #bah ,voyez ,anquetil ,dup]ron1 ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 iii41 p4 #ebg et suiv4 ,voyez aussi un ouvrage allem& de ,wahl1 sur l'tat de la ,p]se3 ,pragmatis*e-,geografis*e und ,/atis*e ,s*ild]ung ''' etc4 ,leipzig1 #agie1 t4 i41 p4 #aih #bjd4 #bai ,voyez plusieurs de leurs *ansons rapportes p> ,laborde1 ,essai sur la ,musique1 t4 ii41 p4 #cih4 #bbj ,laborde1 ibid41 t4 i41 p4 #dbe4 #bba ,i w give1 lat] on1 a /rophe f ,voluspa1 a ,sc&9avian ode ( eumolpique /yle1 v beautiful1 & ( :i* ,i w1 p]haps1 "o day make an entire translation4 #bbb ,x 0 said long ago t a great numb] ( rhym$ v]ses 7 f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 & ,voltaire ev5 has cit$ a ridicul\s example 9 8 ,dictionnaire philosophique 7art4 ,,rime73 b x seems to me t be=e conc]n+ oneself s mu* z "o /ill does1 :e!r ! ,hebraic text ( ! ,seph] is 9 prose or 9 v]se1 :e!r or n "o f9ds !re rhym$ v]ses aft] ! mann] ( ! ,arabs1 or measur$ aft] ! mann] ( ! ,greeks1 x w\ld be well to obs]ve :e!r "o und]/&s ?is text4 ,! language ( ,moses has be5 lo/ entirely = m ?an two ?\s& f\r hundr$ ye>s1 & unless x be re/or$ ) an aptitude1 =ce1 & con/ancy :i* is n[adays unusual1 ,i d\bt :e!r x w be kn[n exactly :at ! legislator ( ! ,hebrews has said reg>d+ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,univ]se1 ! orig9 ( ! e>?1 & ! bir? & vicissitudes ( ! be+s :o p x4 ,^! subjects are1 h[ev]1 wor? ! pa9s if "o w\ld reflect ^u !m2 ,i _c prev5t myself f ?9k+ t x w\ld be m fitt+ to be occupi$ ) ! mean+ ( ! words1 ?an _! arrangem5ts by long & %ort syllables1 by regul> or alt]nate rhymes1 :i* is ( no importance :atev]4 #bbc ,vossius1 ,de ,poematum cantu et viribus rhy?mi2 cit p> ,j4 ,j4 ,r\sseau1 ,dictionnaire de ,musique1 art4 ,,ry?me4 #bbd ,ne>ly all ( ! ,italian words t]m9ate ) "o ( f\r v[els1 a1 e1 i1 o1 )\t acc5t3 x is v r>e t ! v[els are acc5tuat$1 z ! v[el 4 ,:5 ?is occurs z 9 cit1 p]*1 d1 f>1 etc41 !n1 only1 is ! f9al mascul9e4 ,n[ "h is :at "o ( _! be/ rhy?mic poets1 nam$ ,tolomo1 gives z an hexamet] v]se3 ,que/a1 p] affeto1 t5]issima lett]a m&o ,a te ''' ,to make ?is l9e exact1 "o feels t ! ^w m&o1 :i* t]m9ates x1 %\ld be compos$ ( two longs1 t is to say1 t x %\ld be writt5 m&1 :i* c\ld n be )\t alt]+ ! s5se entirely4 ,m>*etti has translat$ into blank v]se ! ,lat9 poem ( ,lucretius4 ,i w quote ! op5+ l9es4 ,"h is evid5t ! s(tness to :i* ,i take exception & :i* prev5ts !m f be+ really eumolpique1 accord+ to ! s5se t ,i h atta*$ to ?is ^w4 ,alma figlia di ,giove1 inclita madre ,del gran g]me d',enea1 ,v5]e bella1 ,degli uom9i piac]e e degli ,dei3 ,tu1 *e sotto il volubili e luc5ti ,segni del cielo1 il m> pr(undo1 e tutta ,d'animai d'ogni specie orni la t]ra3 444 etc4 #bbe ,"o mu/ n believe t ! mute e ) :i* _m ,engli% words t]m9ate repres5ts ! ,fr5* fem99e f9al1 express$ by ! same v[el4 ,?is mute e is 9 reality mute 9 ,engli%2 ord9>ily x is only us$ to give a m op5 s\nd to ! v[el :i* prec$es x1 z 9 tale1 sc5e1 bone1 pure1 fire4 ,besides x is nev] tak5 into acc\nt1 ei!r 9 ! measure or 9 ! prosody ( ! l9es4 ,?us ^! two l9es ( ,dryd5 rhyme exactly3 8,n[ sc>ce ! ,trojan fleet ) sails & o>s ,_h left beh9d ! fair ,sicilian %ores4'''0 neid1 b4 i41 v4 #ej4 ,x is ! same 9 ^! ( ,addison3 8,tune ev'ry /r+ & ev'ry tongue1 ,be ?\ ! ,muse & subject ( our song4'''0 ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 i41 #aj4 or ^! f ,goldsmi?3 8,h[ (t5 h ,i loit]'d o'er ?y gre51 ,:]e humble happ9ess ende>$ ea* sc5e40 ,! ,des]t$ ,village1 i41 #g4 #bbf ,!re rema9s to u ( ?is poetry ! v preci\s fragm5ts conta9$ 9 ! ,edda & 9 ,voluspa4 ,! ,edda1 ^: "n signifies great-gr&mo!r1 is a collection1 fairly ample1 ( ,sc&9avian traditions4 ,voluspa is a sort ( ,sibyll9e book1 or cosmogonic oracle1 z its "n indicates4 ,i am conv9c$ t if ! poets ( ! nor?1 ! ,danes1 ,sw$es1 & ,g]mans1 _h (t5] drawn _! subjects f ^! indig5\s s\rces1 !y w\ld h succe$$ bett] ?an by go+ to ,greece to seek !m ^u ! summits ( ,p>nassus4 ,! my?ology ( ,od91 desc5d$ f ! ,rhipan m\nta9s1 suits !m bett] ?an t ( ! ,greeks1 ^: tongue fur!rmore is n con=mable "h4 ,:5 "o makes ! moon & ! wife 7d] ,mond1 das ,weib7 ( mascul9e & neut] g5d]2 :5 "o makes ! sun1 ! air1 "t1 love 7die ,sonne1 die ,luft1 die ,zeit1 die ,liebe7 ( fem99e g5d]1 "o ought wisely to r5\nce ! allegories ( ,p>nassus4 ,x 0 on acc\nt ( ! sex giv5 to ! sun & ! moon t ! s*ism arose1 ( :i* ,i h spok51 9 expla9+ ! orig9 ( ! temple ( ,delphi4 ,! ,sc&9avian allegories1 h[ev]1 t ,i consid] a dbris ( ,?racian allegories1 furni%+ subjects ( a v diff]5t "* f ^? ( ! ,greeks & ,lat9s1 might h v>i$ ! poetry ( ,europe & prev5t$ ! ,arabesque fiction f hold+ !re s mu* asc5dancy4 ,! ,sc&9avian v]ses1 be+ )\t rhyme1 hold moreov]1 to eumolpia4 ,! foll[+ is a /rophe f ,voluspa3 8,avant que le temps ft1 ,ymir avait t2 ,ni la m]1 ni nes v5ts n'exi/ai5t pas encore2 ,il n'tait de t]re1 il n'tait po9t de ciel3 ,t\t n'tait qu'un abme imm5se1 sans v]dure40 8,9 ! beg9n+1 :5 naught 01 !re ,0 nei!r s& nor sea nor ! cold waves1 ,nor 0 e>? to be se5 nor heav5 above4 ,!re 0 a ,yawn+ ,*asm *aos b grass n[h]e4'''0 r vas aida pat-es ekki vas2 vasa s&r n sr n sval> unnir1 irxo fansk va n upp-him9n2 ,gap vas ,g9nunga1 enn gras ekki1 ''' ,voyez ,mallet1 ,monum5ts celtiques1 p4 #ace2 et p\r le texte1 le pome mme de la ,voluspa1 9 ,edda isl&orum1 ,mallet p>at avoir suivi un texte erron4 ,z to ! ,gallic poetry ( ! ,scot* b>ds1 t ,macph]son has made kn[n to u "u ! "n ( ,ossian1 mu* is ne$$ t !y may h a suffici5t degree ( au!nticity = !m to be cit$ z models1 & plac$ p>allel ) ^? ( ,hom]1 z has be5 done )\t reflection4 ,^! poems1 al?\gh re/+ = ! great] "p ^u a true basis1 are v f> f be+ v]itable z to =m4 ,! ,scot* b>ds1 l ! ,oscan tr\bad\rs1 mu/ be re/or$ & (t5 entirely remade1 if !y are to be read4 ,macph]son1 9 compos+ 8 ,ossian1 has foll[$ c]ta9 anci5t traditions1 has put toge!r c]ta9 scatt]$ fragm5ts2 b has tak5 great lib]ties ) all ! re/4 ,he 01 besides1 a man end[$ ) creative g5ius & he might h be5 able to atta9 to epopia if he _h be5 bett] in=m$4 ,8 lack ( k has left a void 9 8 "w :i* demon/rates its falsity4 ,!re is no my?ology1 no allegory1 no cult 9 ,ossian4 ,!re are "s hi/oric or romanesque facts jo9$ to long descriptions2 x is a /yle m emphatic ?an figurative1 m biz>re ?an orig9al4 ,macph]son1 9 neglect+ all k9ds ( my?ological & religi\s ideas1 9 ev5 mock+ "h & !re ! /one ( p[] ( ! ,sc&9avians1 has %[n t he 0 ignorant ( two important ?+s3 ! "o1 t ! allegorical or religi\s g5ius con/itutes ! ess5ce ( poetry2 ! o!r1 t ,scotl& 0 at a v anci5t p]iod ! he>? ( ?is same g5ius ^: int]pret]s 7 ! druids1 b>ds1 & scalds4 ,he %\ld h kn[n t1 f> f be+ )\t religion1 ! ,cal$onians possess$ 9 ! he>t ( _! m\nta9s1 ! ,gallic ,p>nassus1 ! sacr$ m\nta9 ( ! ,occid5tal isles2 & t :5 ! antique cult began to decl9e 9 ,gaul1 x 0 9 ,albion1 reckon$ among ! holy isles by ev5 ! ,indians1 t ! druids w5t to /udy4 ,voyez ,les ,comm5taires de ,cs>1 iv41 #bj2 ,l',introduction de l'hi/oire de ,danem>k1 p> ,mallet2 ,l',hi/oire des ,celtes1 p> ,pell\ti]2 et enf9 les ,re*]*es asiatiques 7,asiat4 ,rese>*471 t4 vi41 p4 #dij et #ejb4 ,9 ord] to seize ! occasion ( apply+ eumolpique l9es to a great] numb] ( subjects1 ,i am go+ to quote a sort ( exposition ( ,ossian1 ! only "o ,i believe1 :i* is f\nd 9 8 poems2 because ,macph]son1 = m orig9ality1 neglect$ ne>ly always to ann\nce ! subject ( 8 songs4 ,i w n give ! text1 because ! ,engli% translation :5ce ,i obta9$ x does n give x4 ,x conc]ns ! battle ( ,lora4 ,aft] a k9d ( exordium address$ to ! son ( ! /rang]1 dwell] ( ! sil5t cav]n1 ,ossian said to him3 ,le *ant plat-il ton oreille8 ,ec\te le rcit du combat de ,lora4 ,il e/ bi5 anci51 ce combat6 ,le tumulte ,des armes1 et les cris furieux des gu]ri]s1 ,sont c\v]ts p> un long sil5ce2 ,ils sont te9ts depuis longtemps3 ,a9si sur des ro*]s ret5tissants1 la f\dre ,r\le1 gronde1 clate et n'e/ plus2 ,le soleil rep>at1 et la cime brillante ,des coteaux v]doyants1 s\rit ses rayons4 ,son ( ! secret cell6 do/ ?\ delight 9 songs8 ,he> ! battle ( ,lora4 ,! s\nd ( its /eel is long s9ce pa/4 ,s ?und] on ! d>k5$ hill ro>s1 & is no m4 ,! sun returns ) 8 sil5t beams1 ,! glitt]+ rocks1 & gre5 heads ( ! m\nta9s smile4 ,?is example s]ves to prove t eumolpique l9es might easily adapt !mselves to ! di?yramb4 #bbg ,! trag$y ( ! ,cid1 giv5 by ,pi]re ,corneille 9 #afbf1 ^u :i* 7 bas$ ! gr&eur & dom9ant "* ( ! ,?tre ,franais1 z well z ! r5[n ( ! au?or1 is tak5 f a ,spani% ballad v celebrat$ 9 ,spa94 ,! ,cid1 :o is ! h]o ( x1 liv$ t[>ds ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,he 0 a type ( ! palad9s & knights errant ( ! romanesque traditions4 ,he enjoy$ a wide reputation & atta9$ a high degree ( =tune4 ,voyez ,monte-,mayor1 ,diana1 l4 ii42 et ,voltaire1 ,essai sur les ,murs1 t4 iii41 /rotype1 p4 #hf4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,spani% held a m>k$ sup]iority ov] ! o!r peoples3 _! tongue 0 spok5 at ,p>is1 ,vi5na1 ,milan1 ,tur94 ,_! cu/oms1 _! mann]s ( ?\ght & ( writ+1 subjugat$ ! m9ds ( ! ,italians1 & f ,*>les ,v4 to ! comm5cem5t ( ! reign ( ,philip ,,iii41 ,spa9 enjoy$ an importance t ! o!r peoples nev] _h4 ,voyez ,rob]tson1 ,introduction l',hi/oire de ,*>les-,qu9t4 ,x w\ld be necess>y to ov]/ep consid]ably ! ord9>y limits ( a footnote1 if ,i %\ld expla9 h[ x happ5s t ,spa9 has lo/ ?is supremacy acquir$ by h]1 & :y h] tongue1 ! only "o capable ( rivall+ & p]haps effac+ ! ,fr5*1 has yield$ to x 9 all ways1 & by :i* x 0 eclips$4 ,?is explanation w\ld dem& = itself alone a v l5g?y "w4 ,among ! writ]s :o h s\ght = ! cause ( ! decad5ce ( ! ,spani% mon>*y1 "s h believ$ to discov] x 9 ! increase ( its weal?1 o!rs1 9 ! too great ext5t ( its colonies1 & ! great] "p1 9 ! _s ( its gov]nm5t & its sup]/iti\s cult4 ,!y h all ?\ght t ! tribunal ( ! ,inquisition alone 0 capable ( arre/+ ! impulse ( g5ius & ( /ifl+ ! developm5t ( le>n+4 ,9 ?is !y h tak5 effects = causes1 & consequ5ces = pr9ciples4 ,!y h n se5 t ! _s ( ! gov]nm5t & ! cult is always n ! motive1 b ! result ( ! national _s1 & t ! weal? & ! colonies1 indiff]5t 9 !mselves1 are only in/rum5ts t ?is _s employs = good or evil1 accord+ to its "*4 ,i c only indicate ! fir/ cause :i* has prev5t$ ,spa9 f rea*+ ! culm9at+ po9t :i* ,france is v ne> to atta9+4 ,?is cause is pride4 ,:il/ ,europe1 envelop$ 9 d>kness1 01 s to speak1 9 ! f]m5tation ( ignorance1 ,spa91 conqu]$ by ! ,arabs1 receiv$ a g]m ( sci5ce :i*1 develop+ ) rapidity1 produc$ a precoci\s fruit1 brilliant1 b l hot-h\se fruit lack+ int]nal =ce & g5]ative vig\r4 ,?is premature production hav+ rais$ ,spa9 abruptly above ! o!r ,european nations1 inspir$ 9 h] t pride1 t excessive am\r propre1 :i*1 mak+ h] treat ) contempt all t did n belong to h]1 h9d]$ h] f mak+ any *ange 9 h] usual cu/oms1 c>ri$ h] ) complac5cy 9 h] mi/akes1 & :5 o!r peoples came to br+ =? fruits 9 _! season1 corrupt$ h]s & /amp$ h] ) a /ation>y movem5t1 :i* becom+ necess>ily retrogressive1 mu/ ru9 h]1 & did ru9 h]4 #bbh ,9 comp>+ ! fir/ l9es ( ,hom] ) ^? ( ,klop/ock1 x is se5 t ! ,greek conta9s #bi lett]s1 #ah ( :i* are v[els2 & ! ,g]man #dh lett]s1 #ca ( :i* are consonants4 ,x is difficult ) su* disp>ity 9 ! elem5ts to make ! h>mony ! same4 #bbi ,,gold5 ,,v]ses ,,( ,,! ,,py?agoreans 7#a7 ,,prep>ation ,r5d] to ! ,immortal ,gods ! consecrat$ cult2 ,gu>d !n ?y fai? 7#b73 ,rev]e ! memory ,( ! ,illu/ri\s ,h]oes1 ( ,spirits demi-,gods 7#c74 #bcj ,,purification ,be a good son1 j bro!r1 sp\se t5d] & good fa!r 7#d7 ,*oose = ?y fri5d1 ! fri5d ( virtue2 ,yield to 8 g5tle c\nsels1 pr(it by 8 life1 ,& = a trifl+ grievance nev] leave him 7#e72 ,if ?\ can/ at lea/3 = a mo/ rigid law ,b9ds ,p[] to ,necessity 7#f74 ,/ill x is giv5 !e to fight & ov]come ,?y fooli% passions3 le>n ?\ to subdue !m 7#g74 ,be sob]1 dilig5t1 & *a/e2 avoid all wra?4 ,9 public or 9 secret ne'er p]mit ?\ ,any evil2 & above all else respect ?yself 7#h74 ,speak n nor act be=e ?\ ha/ reflect$4 ,be j 7#i74 ,rememb] t a p[] inv9cible ,orda9s to die 7#aj72 t ri*es & ! hon\rs ,easily acquir$1 are easy ?us to lose 7#aa74 ,z to ! evils :i* ,de/9y involves1 ,judge !m :at !y are3 endure !m all & /rive1 ,z mu* z ?\ art able1 to modify ! traits3 ,! ,gods1 to ! mo/ cruel1 h n expos$ ! ,sage 7#ab74 ,ev5 z ,tru?1 does ,error h its lov]s3 ,) prud5ce ! ,philosoph] approves or blames2 ,if ,error triumph1 he dep>ts & waits 7#ac74 ,li/5 & 9 ?9e he>t engrave my words2 ,keep clos$ ?9e eye & e> 'ga9/ prejudice2 ,( o!rs ! example fe>2 ?9k always = ?yself 7#ad73 ,consult1 delib]ate1 & freely *oose 7#ae74 ,let fools act aimlessly & )\t cause4 ,?\ %\ld/1 9 ! pres5t1 contemplate ! future 7#af74 ,t :i* ?\ do/ n "k1 pret5d n t ?\ do/4 ,in/ruct ?yself3 = "t & pati5ce fav\r all 7#ag74 ,neglect n ?y heal? 7#ah73 disp5se ) mod]ation1 ,food to ! body & to ! m9d repose 7#ai74 ,too mu* att5tion or too little %un2 = envy ,?us1 to ei!r excess is alike atta*$ 7#bj74 ,luxury & av>ice h simil> results4 ,"o mu/ *oose 9 all ?+s a mean j & good 7#ba74 #bca ,,p]fection ,let n sleep e'er close ?y tir$ eyes ,)\t ?\ ask ?yself3 ,:at h ,i omitt$ & :at done8 7#bb74 ,ab/a9 ?\ if 'tis evil2 p]sev]e if good 7#bc74 ,m$itate ^u my c\nsels2 love !m2 foll[ !m2 ,to ! div9e virtues w !y "k h[ to lead !e 7#bd74 ,i swe> x by ! "o :o 9 our he>ts engrav$ ,! sacr$ ,tetrad1 symbol imm5se & pure1 ,s\rce ( ,nature & model ( ! ,gods 7#be74 ,b be=e all1 ?y s\l to its fai?ful duty1 ,invoke ^! ,gods ) f]v\r1 !y ^: aid1 ,?y "w begun1 alone c t]m9ate 7#bf74 ,in/ruct$ by !m1 naught %all !n deceive !e3 ,( div]se be+s ?\ %alt s\nd ! ess5ce2 ,& ?\ %alt "k ! pr9ciple & end ( ,all 7#bg74 ,if ,heav5 wills x1 ?\ %alt "k t ,nature1 ,alike 9 ev]y?+1 is ! same 9 e place 7#bh73 ,s t1 z to ?y true rights enlight5$1 ,?9e he>t %all no m fe$ on va9 desires 7#bi74 ,?\ %alt see t ! evils :i* dev\r m5 ,are ( _! *oice ! fruit 7#cj72 t ^! un=tunates ,seek af> ! goodness ^: s\rce )9 !y be> 7#ca74 ,= few "k happ9ess3 play?+s ( ! passions1 ,hi!r1 ?i!r toss$ by adv]se waves1 ,^u a %oreless sea1 !y bl9d$ roll1 ,unable to resi/ or to ! tempe/ yield 7#cb74 ,god6 ,?\ c\ld/ save !m by op5+ _! eyes 7#cc74 ,b no3 'tis = ! humans ( a race div9e ,to disc]n ,error & to see ! ,tru? 7#cd74 ,nature s]ves !m 7#ce74 ,?\ :o fa?om$ x1 ,o wise & happy man1 re/ 9 its hav54 ,b obs]ve my laws1 ab/a9+ f ! ?+s ,:i* ?y s\l mu/ fe>1 di/+ui%+ !m well2 ,lett+ intellig5ce o'er ?y body reign 7#cf72 ,s t1 asc5d+ into radiant ,e!r1 ,mid/ ! ,immortals1 ?\ %alt be ?yself a ,god4 #bcb ,hirocl41 ,comm5t4 9 ,aur4 ,c>m94 ,proem4 #bcc ,fabric41 ,bibl4 grc41 p4 #dfj2 ,daci]1 ,rem>q4 sur les ,comm4 d',hirocls4 #bcd ,jamblic41 ,de ,vit ,py?ag41 c4 #cj et #cc2 ,plut>*1 ,de ,g54 ,socrat4 #bce ,plut>*1 ,de ,repug4 /oc42 ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 viii41 #ci2 ,polyb41 l4 ii42 ,ju/941 l4 xx41 c4 #d2 ,vossius1 ,de ,phil4 sect41 c4 #f4 #bcf ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #ga4 #bcg ,voyez ,daci]1 ,rem4 sur le ,comm5t4 d',hirocl4 #bch ,plut41 ,de ,g54 ,socr42 lian41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 l4 ii41 c4 #g4 #bci ,bacon1 ,novum ,organum1 ,aph41 #fe et #ga4 #bdj ,asiat4 ,res41 t4 iii41 p4 #cga #cgd4 #bda ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*941 t4 ii41 p4 #bf4 #bdb ,eulma ,esclam4 ,note du ,b\n-,dehe%1 p4 #cdd4 #bdc ,porphyr41 ,de ,antr4 ,nymph41 p4 #abf4 #bdd ' 4 ,voyez ,daci]1 dans ses ,rem>ques sur les ,comm5t4 d',hirocl4 #bde ,vit ,py?agor42 ,phot41 ,cod41 #bei2 ,macrob41 ,somn4 ,scip41 l4 i41 c4 #f1 l4 ii41 c4 #ab2 ,augu/41 ,de ,civit4 ,dei1 l4 iv41 c4 #i et #aa2 ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 iii41 c4 #i2 ,lactant41 ,de ,fals4 ,relig41 l4 i41 c4 #f et #g2 ,plot41 ,ennead41 iii41 l4 ii4 #bdf ,plut>41 ,de ,isid4 et ,osirid41 p4 #cgg4 #bdg ,! prie/s ( ! ,burmans1 call$ ,rahans1 b ^: g5]ic "n is t ( ,sramana1 :5ce came to !m t ( ,sraman]as1 :i* ! anci5ts gave !m1 c>ry ! _s ( tol]ance z f> z possible4 ,!y visit ) ! same devotion pagodas1 mosques1 & *ur*es2 nev] does "o see !m be+ p]secut$1 nor p]secut+ o!rs 9 ! cause ( religion4 ,! ,brahmans1 ,mussulmans1 & ,*ri/ians occupy important po/s among !m )\t _! be+ sc&aliz$4 ,!y reg>d all m5 z bro!rs4 7,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 vi41 pp4 #bgd-bgi74 ,! ,brahmans are ( ! same m9d4 ,"o reads ^! wond]ful words 9 ! ,bhaghavad ,gita3 8,a great div]sity ( cults1 simil> z to sub/ance b v>y+ 9 =ms1 are manife/$ by ! w ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,"s foll[ "o cult1 o!rs atta* !mselves to ano!r3 all ( ^! wor%ipp]s are purifi$ f _! (f5ces by _! p>ticul> cult4''' ,god is ! gift ( *>ity1 ,god is ! (f]+1 ,god is ! fire ^u ! alt>2 x is ,god ev51 :o makes ! sacrifice1 & ,god w be obta9$ by him :o makes ,god ! sole object ( 8 lab\rs40 7,lect4 iv47 #bdh ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #a4 #bdi ,! ,greek ^w expresses a ?+ put 9 ord]1 arrang$ accord+ to a fix$ & regul> pr9ciple4 ,its primitive root is 9 ! ,phnician 7a%7 a pr9ciple ,be+1 ! fire4 ,! ,lat9 ^w mundus r5d]s ! ,greek s5se v imp]fectly4 ,x signifies exactly1 t :i* is made neat & clean by means ( wat]4 ,its ne>e/ root is unda1 & its remote/ root is f\nd 9 ! ,phnician 7ad71 an emanation1 a vap\r1 a s\rce4 ,"o c see1 accord+ to ?is etymology1 t ! ,greeks drew ! idea ( ord] & beauty f fire1 & ! ,lat9s f wat]4 #bej ,diog54 ,lart41 l4 viii41 #be2 ,plut>41 ,de ,decret4 philos41 ii41 c4 #f2 ,sext4 ,empir41 ,adv4 ,ma?41 x41 #bdi2 ,/ob41 ,eccl4 phys41 p4 #dfh4 #bea ,plut>41 ,9 ,numa4 #beb ,jambl41 ,vit ,py?ag41 c4 #bh1 #cb et #ce4 #bec 1 4 ,! symbol ( ,fo-,hi1 s celebrat$ among ! ,*9ese1 is ! same & is express$ by a :ole l9e #a1 & a brok5 l9e - - #b4 ,i %all make myself bett] und]/ood ^u ?is subject1 9 speak+ z ,i int5d to d ^u music & ^u :at ! anci5ts und]/ood by ! language ( ,numb]s4 #bed ,vit ,py?ag42 ,phot41 ,bibl4 ,codex1 #bei4 #bee ,vie de ,py?ag4 p> ,daci]4 #bef ,hirocl41 ,aurea ,c>m941 v4 #a4 #beg ,ci-devant1 p4 #ha4 #beh ,time de ,locres1 *4 #c2 ,edit4 de ,batteux1 #h2 ,diod4 ,sicul41 l4 ii41 p4 #hc2 ,h]od41 l4 ii41 c4 #d2 ,hyde1 ,de vet4 ,p]s4 ,relig41 c4 #ai2 ,plato1 ,9 ,tim41 ,9 ,phd41 ,9 ,legib41 etc4 #bei ,bailly1 ,hi/4 de l',a/r4 anc41 l4 iii41 #aj4 #bfj ,py?agoras1 at an e>ly age1 0 tak5 to ,tyre by ,mnes>*us1 8 fa!r1 9 ord] to /udy !re ! doctr9e ( ! ,phnicians2 lat] he visit$ ,egypt1 ,arabia1 & ,babylon1 9 :i* la/ city he rema9$ twelve ye>s4 ,x 0 :ile !re t he _h frequ5t conf]5ces conc]n+ ! pr9ciple ( ?+s ) a v le>n$ magian :om ,porphyry names ,zabratos2 ,plut>*1 ,z>atas2 & ,!odoret1 ,z>adas4 7,porphyr41 ,vit ,py?ag47 ,plut>* is incl9$ to believe t ?is magian is ! same z ,z>du%t1 or ,zoroa/]1 & ! *ronology is n "h entirely contr>y4 7,plut>41 ,de ,procreat4 anim42 ,hyde1 ,de ,relig4 vet4 ,p]s41 c4 #bd1 o4 #cji et c4 #ca1 p4 #cgi47 #bfa ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 vi41 p4 #agd4 #bfb ,holwell's1 ,hi/or4 ,int]e/4 ,ev5ts1 *4 iv41 #e4 #bfc ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 i41 p4 #afd4 #bfd ,macrob41 ,somn4 ,scip41 l4 i41 c4 #aa4 #bfe ,bhme1 ,les ,six ,po9ts1 *4 #b4 #bff ,! ^w signifies1 9 ,hebrew1 ,arabic1 & ,*aldean1 t :i* is ant]ior1 t :i* "o receives f ! anci5ts by tradition4 #bfg ,aurea ,c>m41 v4 #dh4 #bfh ,synes1 ,hymn41 iii41 v4 #agd2 ,hymn41 iv41 v4 #fh4 #bfi ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 i41 p4 #egb4 #bgj ,! ^w ,eon1 9 ,greek 1 is d]iv$ f ! ,egyptian or ,phnician 7a71 a pr9ciple ( w1 a c5tral po9t ( developm5t1 & 7ion71 ! g5]ative faculty4 ,?is la/ ^w has signifi$1 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 a dove1 & has be5 ! symbol ( ,v5us4 ,x is ! fam\s ,yoni ( ! ,indians & ev5 ! ,yn ( ! ,*9ese3 t is to say1 ! pla/ic nature ( ! ,univ]se4 ,f !re1 ! "n ( ,ionia1 giv5 to ,greece4 #bga ,h]m4 ,trismg41 c4 #aa4 #bgb ,plut>4 cit p> le pre ,petau4 ,notes 9 ,synes1 p4 #db4 #bgc ,clem4 ,alex41 ,eclog4 ,!od41 #cj4 #bgd ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 i41 p4 #egb4 #bge ,gods1 ,h]oes1 & ,demons signify 9 ! ,greek words 1 1 1 :5ce !y are d]iv$1 ! ,pr9ciple-,be+s atta9$ to p]fection2 ! rul+ ,pr9ciple-,be+s2 ,t]re/rial ,exi/5ces4 ,! ^w is =m$ f ! ^w 7as71 a ,pr9ciple-,be+1 prec$$ by ! hemantique lett] 71 ?71 :i* is ! sign ( p]fection4 ,! ^w is compos$ ( ! same ^w 7as71 prec$$ by ! ^w 7h]r71 express+ all t rules4 ,! ^w comes f ! anci5t ^w 1 l&1 unit$ ) ! ^w 1 exi/5ce4 #bgf 4 #bgg ,lil4 ,greg4 ,gyral41 ,py?ag4 ,symb4 ,int]pret41 p4 #ib4 #bgh ,apud ,phot4 ,cod41 #bdi4 #bgi ,dict4 ,crit41 art4 ,,py?agoras1 rem4 ,q4 #bhj ,n long s9ce1 a man r well organiz$ m5tally1 b v slightly enlight5$ by ! true sci5ce1 br\ght out a book entitl$ ,ruv]abhoni1 9 :i*1 heap+ up all ! anci5t & mod]n sophisms pron\nc$ aga9/ ! social organization f\nd$ ^u ! e/abli%m5t ( ! family1 he aspir$ to *ange ! in/9ct ( nature1 9 ?is respect1 & to f\nd true happ9ess ^u ! dbris ( all ! ties ( blood1 ( all ! affections ( ! s\l1 & ( all ! duties ( consangu9ity4 #bha ,z ,i give ! same mean+ z did ,moses & n t ( ! ,septuag9t copi$ by ! ,vulgate1 ,i transcribe "h ! orig9al text1 s t ^? :o und]/& ,hebrew may see t ,i h n deviat$ f x4 ,exodus1 *4 #bj1 v4 #ab4 #bhb ,?is c\ntry ( ,adam1 9 ,hebrew 7ha-adamah71 adamenne4 ,?is ^w1 :i* has be5 vulg>ly translat$ by ! ,e>?1 signifies x only by metaphor4 ,its prop] s5se1 :i* is v difficult to grasp1 dep5ds always on t :i* is atta*$ to ! "n ( ,adam1 :5ce x is d]iv$4 ,jhah1 9 ,hebrew 1 pron\nc$ v improp]ly ,jehovah1 on acc\nt ( a defective punctuation ( ! ,masoretes1 is ! prop] "n ( ,,god4 ,?is "n 0 =m$ by ,moses 9 a mann] z +5i\s z sublime1 by means ( ! contraction ( ! ?ree t5ses ( ! v]b 7heh71 to be4 ,x signifies exactly w be-be+-be52 t :i* is1 01 & %all be4 ,"o r5d]s x well en\gh by ,et]nal4 ,x is ,et]nity1 or ! ,"t-)\t-,limit ( ,zoroa/]4 ,?is "n is q g5]ally foll[$1 z x is "h1 ) ! words 7loh-*a71 ?y ,gods1 9 ord] to express t ! ,unity conta9$ 9 ,jhah1 compreh5ds ! inf9ity ( ! gods1 & takes ! place ( x ) ! p ( ,israel4 #bhc ,mmoires conc]n4 les ,*9ois1 t4 iv41 p4 #g4 #bhd ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*9ois1 ibid4 #bhe ,nemesis1 9 ,greek 1 is d]iv$ f ! ,phnician words 7nam or nm71 express+ e judgm5t1 e ord]1 e decree ann\nc$ by ^w ( m\?2 & 7%i%71 all t s]ves = pr9ciple1 z f\ndation4 ,?is la/ ^w has root 7z1 os1 or s74 #bhf ,hiao-,k+1 ou ,livre de la ,pit filiale4 #bhg ,kong-,tze1 dans le ,hiao-,k+ qui conti5t sa doctr9e4 #bhh ,hirocl41 ,comm5t4 ,aurea4 c>m941 v4 #e4 #bhi ,hirocls1 ibid41 v4 #g4 #bij ,porphyr41 9 ,vit ,py?ag41 p4 #cg4 #bia ,daci]1 ,vie de ,py?ag4 #bib ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 v41 #ba4 #bic ,hirocl41 ,aurea4 c>m41 v4 #h4 #bid ,evang4 de ,s4 ,ma?41 *4 #bb4 #bie ,z5d-,ave/a1 #cj h1 p4 #afd2 ibid41 #cd h1 p4 #agd2 ibid41 #gb h1 p4 #beh4 #bif ,vie de ,confucius1 p4 #aci4 #big ,h]m4 ,trismeg41 ,9 ,pm&4 #bih ,s5ac41 ,de ,s541 vi41 #b4 #bii ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 vi41 c4 #b4 #cjj ,plut>41 ,de repugn4 ,/oc4 de ,fato4 #cja ,*alcidius1 9 ,tim41 n4 #bie1 p4 #chg4 #cjb ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 l4 v41 *4 #f1 p4 #bej4 #cjc ,dict4 crit41 ,,mani*e5s1 rem4 ,d4 #cjd ,cicron1 ,tuscul41 l4 i42 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 l4 v41 p4 #eja4 #cje ,ju/941 ,cohort ad ,g5t41 p4 #f2 ,cyrill41 ,contr4 ,juli52 ,fabric41 ,bibl4 grc41 t4 i41 p4 #dgb4 #cjf ,plut>41 ,de ,procr4 anim4 #cjg ,plat41 ,epi/41 #b et #g1 t4 iii41 p4 #cab1 #cac1 #cda1 etc4 #cjh ,voyez l'excell5t ouvrage de ,beausobre ce sujet1 ,l',hi/oire du ,mani*isme4 #cji ,:5 ,zoroa/] spoke ( ?is ,cause1 he gave x ! "n ( ,"t )\t ,limit1 foll[+ ! translation ( ,anquetil ,dup]ron4 ,?is ,cause does n /ill appe> absolute 9 ! doctr9e ( ?is !osophi/2 because 9 a passage ( ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 :]e 9 contemplation ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 produc] ( ,ormuzd1 he calls ?is ,be+1 ! ,be+ absorb$ 9 excell5ce1 & says t ,fire1 act+ f ! beg9n+1 is ! pr9ciple ( union betwe5 ?is ,be+ & ,ormuzd 7#cf h du ,v5didad ,sad1 p4 #ahj1 #ai f>g>d1 p4 #dae74 ,"o f9ds 9 ano!r book1 call$ ,%>i/ha1 t :5 ?is ,supreme ,be+ organiz$ ! matt] ( ! ,univ]se1 he project$ 8 ,w 9 ! =m ( a respl5d5t light 7,apud ,hyde1 c4 #bb1 p4 #bih74 #caj ,9 ,tim41 n4 #bie4 #caa ,voyez ,photius1 ,cod41 #bea4 ,plot91 ,porphyre1 ,jamblique1 ,proclus et ,symplicius ont t du mme s5tim5t qu' ,hirocls1 a9si que le dit le savant ,fabricius1 ,bibl4 grc41 t4 i41 p4 #dgb4 #cab ,iliad1 ,l4 ult41 v4 #ffc4 #cac ,cicr41 de ,natur4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #ae4 #cad ,cicr41 de ,fato1 c4 #ag4 #cae ,aximes de ,py?agore cons]vs p> ,/obe1 ,s]m4 #f4 #caf ,hirocl41 ,aur4 c>m41 v4 #aj et #aa4 #cag ,/rab41 #a4 xvi41 p4 #eab2 ,sext4 ,empir41 ,adv4 ,ma!m41 p4 #cfg4 #cah ,atom1 9 ,greek 1 is =m$ f ! ^w 1 a "p1 to :i* is jo9$ ! a privative4 #cai ,huet1 ,c5s4 ,phil4 ,c>tesian41 c4 #h1 p4 #bac4 ,if "o c>efully exam9es ! sy/ems ( ,desc>tes1 ,leibnitz1 & ,newton1 "o w see t1 aft] all1 !y are r$uc$ ei!r to atoms1 or to inh]5t =ces :i* move !m4 #cbj ,cicr41 de ,fato1 c4 #ag4 #cba ,augu/41 ,epi/41 #ef4 #cbb ,augu/41 ,epi/41 #ef4 #cbc ,cicr41 de ,nat4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #ai2 ,qu/4 ,acad41 l4 iv41 c4 #ac2 de ,fato1 c4 #i4 #cbd ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 x41 #abc2 ,cicr41 de ,nat4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #cj4 #cbe ,s5ec41 ,epi/41 #hh2 ,sext4 ,empir41 ,adv4 ,ma?41 l4 vii41 c4 #b2 ,ari/41 ,mtaphys41 l4 iii41 c4 #d4 #cbf ,ari/41 ,physic41 l4 vi41 c4 #i2 voyez ,bayle1 ,dict4 crit41 art4 ,,z5on1 rem4 ,f4 #cbg ,cicr41 de ,natur4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #ae4 #cbh ,semel jussit1 semp] p>et1 ,s5eca has said4 8,! laws :i* ,god has prescrib$ = ,himself10 he adds1 8,he w nev] revoke1 because !y h be5 dictat$ by ,8 own p]fections2 & t ! same plan1 ! same design hav+ pleas$ ,him once1 pleases ,him et]nally0 7,s5ec41 ,prf4 ad ,qu/4 nat474 #cbi ,cic]41 ,de ,fato1 cap4 #ag4 #ccj ,cic]41 ibid41 c4 #i4 #cca ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 vi41 c4 #b4 #ccb ,cic]41 ,de ,nat4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #i2 ,plut>41 ,de repug4 ,/oc42 ,diog5ian4 ,apud42 ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 vi41 c4 #h4 #ccc ,h]odot41 ,eut]p41 #aga2 ,julian ,firm41 ,de ,error1 pr(41 p4 #de4 #ccd ,meurs41 ,grc4 ,f]iat41 l4 i42 ,plut>41 ,9 ,alcibiad42 ,porphyr41 ,de ,ab/41 l4 ii41 #cf2 ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 i41 c4 #a2 ,s*ol4 ,apoll41 l4 i41 v4 #iag2 ,pausan41 ,cor9?1 p4 #gc4 #cce ,porphyr41 ,vit ,py?ag41 p4 #aj4 #ccf ,! doctr9e ( ,kri%na is f\nd especially record$ 9 ! ,bhaghavad ,gita1 "o ( ! ,p\ranas mo/ e/eem$ by ! ,brahmans2 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a & 9 ! ,b\n-,dehe%1 t ( ,zoroa/]4 ,! ,*9ese h ! ,t*un-,tsie\ ( ,kong-,tse1 hi/oric monum5t rais$ to ! glory ( ,provid5ce2 9 ! ,pm&] & sculapius1 ! ideas ( ,?o?4 ,! book ( ,synesius ^u ,provid5ce conta9s ! dogmas ( ! ,my/]ies4 ,f9ally "o c consult 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,edda1 ! sublime disc\rse ( ,od91 entitl$ ,havaml4 ,! basis ( all ^! works is ! same4 #ccg ,?is1 z ,i obs]v$ 9 my ,second ,exam9ation1 %\ld be und]/ood only by ! vulg>4 ,! savant & ! initiate easily re/or$ to ,unity ?is inf9ity ( gods1 & und]/ood or s\ght ! orig9 ( evil1 )\t ! k ( :i*1 div9e ,unity is inexplicable4 #cch ,tals1 cit p> ,platon1 ,de ,republ41 l4 x42 ,ari/ot41 ,metaph41 l4 iii42 ,cic]41 ,acad4 ,qu/41 iv41 c4 #cg4 #cci ,anaxim&re1 cit p> ,ari/ot41 ,phys41 l4 i42 ,sext4 ,empir41 ,pyrr41 iii4 #cdj ,anaximne1 cit p> ,ari/41 ,metaph41 l4 i41 c4 #c2 ,plut>41 ,de ,placit4 ,phil41 i41 #c4 #cda ,hraclite1 cit p> ,platon1 ,!tet42 ,ari/41 ,metaph41 l4 i41 c4 #f2 ,sext4 ,empir41 ,adv4 ,ma?41 l4 vii4 #cdb ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 des ,sy/4 de ,phil41 t4 iii41 p4 #bhc2 ,ari/41 ,metaph41 l4 i41 c4 #f2 ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 ix41 c4 #ai4 #cdc ,cic]41 ,de ,nat4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #i4 #cdd ,bot41 ,de ,consol41 l4 i41 prosa #d4 #cde ,plut>41 ,adv4 ,/oc41 p4 #ajge4 #cdf ,cic]41 ,de ,fato1 c4 #aj2 ,lucret41 l4 ii41 v4 #baf1 #bea1 #bhd4 #cdg ,cic]41 ,de ,fato1 c4 #i et #ag2 ,diog5ian41 ,apud42 ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evan41 l4 vi41 c4 #h4 #cdh ,cic]41 ,de ,natur4 ,deor41 l4 iii41 c4 #ch et #ci4 #cdi ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 vi41 c4 #a4 #cej ,plut>41 ,adv4 ,/oc4 #cea ,! "n giv5 to ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees signifies1 9 g5]al1 t :i* is enlight5$1 illum9$1 glorifi$1 illu/ri\s4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! root 7aor71 ! light1 gov]n$ by ! article 7phe71 :i* expresses ! emphasis2 !nce 7phr71 an aureola1 a ti>a1 & 7ph>e?mim71 m5 illu/ri\s1 sublime4 ,! "n giv5 to ! sect ( ! ,sadducees is d]iv$ f ! ^w 7%ad7 :i*1 express+ all diffusion1 all propagation1 is appli$ to productive nature 9 g5]al1 & 9 p>ticul> to a mammal1 its symbol among ! ,egyptians2 x signifies prop]ly ! ,physici/s1 or ! ,naturali/s4 #ceb ,! orig9al "n ( ! ,book ( ,moses is 7seph]72 ! "n ( ! ,bible1 t we attribute to x1 is d]iv$ f ! ,greek 1 adopt$ by ! s-call$ translators ( ! ,septuag9t4 #cec ,joseph41 ,antiq41 l4 xii41 c4 #bb2 l4 xiii41 c4 #i et #bc2 l4 xvii41 c4 #c2 ,budd1 ,introd4 ad ,phil4 ,hebr42 ,basnage1 ,hi/oire des ,juifs1 t4 i4 #ced ,?is is f\nd$ ^u a great numb] ( passages1 ( :i* x w suffice to cite ! foll[+4 ,"o f9ds 9 ,amos1 *4 iii41 v4 #f3 8,%all !re be evil 9 a city :i* ! ,"l ha? n done80 ,& 9 ,ezekiel1 *4 xxi41 v4 #c3 8,& say to ! l& ( ,israel1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god3 ,behold1 ,i come aga9/ !e1 & ,i w draw =? my sword out ( its %ea?1 & w cut (f 9 !e ! j1 & ! wick$ ''' aga9/ all fle%1 f ! s\? ev5 to ! nor?4''' ,t all fle% may "k t ,i ! ,"l h drawn my sword40 #cee ,mohamm$ said ( himself1 t he possess$ no heav5ly treasures1 t he 0 ignorant ( ! my/]ies1 t he c\ld say no?+ ( ! ess5ce ( ! s\l 7,koran1 *4 #f & #ag72 & z he admitt$ ! lit]al text ( ! ,seph]1 he c\ld n d o!rwise ?an ann\nce pr$e/9ation4 8,god10 he said1 8holds 9 8 h&s ! keys ( ! future4 ,he alone kn[s x4''' ,! nations "k n h[ to ret>d or to ha/5 ! mom5t ( _! d[nfall0 7,koran1 *4 #f & #bc74 #cef ,vit ,py?ag42 ,photius1 ,bibl4 ,cod41 #bei4 #ceg ,kir*]1 dip41 t4 i41 p4 #daa2 ,edda ,isl& ,fabl42 ,macrob41 ,saturn41 l4 i41 c4 #bj4 #ceh ,plot91 ,ennead41 iii41 #a4 #b2 ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evan41 l4 iii41 c4 #i2 ,macrob41 ,somn4 ,s*ip41 l4 ii41 c4 #ab2 ,m>c4 ,aurell41 l4 iv41 c4 #cd4 #cei ,pan1 9 ,greek 1 signifies ! ,all1 & ,phanes is d]iv$ f ! ,phnician ^w 7ne%71 man1 prec$$ by ! emphatic article 7ph74 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ^! two names spr+ f ! same root 7n71 :i*1 figuratively1 expresses ! sph]e ( activity1 & lit]ally1 ! limitation ( ! be+1 its body1 its capacity4 ,h5ce 7ni71 me1 & 7aniha71 a vessel4 #cfj ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*9ois1 t4 ii41 p4 #agd et suiv42 ,edda ,isl&2 ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #ghd2 ,bhme1 ,de la triple ,vie de l',homme1 c4 ix41 #ce et suiv4 #cfa 4 ,zoroa/4 ,oracul4 #cfb ,hirocl41 ,aurea ,c>m941 v4 #ad4 #cfc ,h]ms1 ,9 ,pm&]4 #cfd ,evang4 ,/4 ,ma?41 *4 #ah4 #cfe ,v5didad ,sad1 p4 #hi4 #cff #cd h1 p4 #agd4 #cfg #c f>g>d41 p4 #bhd4 #cfh ,je%ts ,sads1 p4 #aea4 #cfi ,hafiz1 cit p> les auteurs ,des ,re*]*es asiatiques1 t4 iv41 p4 #afg4 #cgj ,l',arya1 cit comme ci-dessus3 8,l'homme de bi51 paisable au mom5t qu'il expire1 ,t\rne sur ses b\rreaux un il religieux1 ,et bnit jusqu'au bras qui cause son m>tyre3 ,tel l'arbre de ,s&al que frappe un furieux1 ,c\vre de ses p>fums le f] qui le de*ire40 #cga ,edda ,isl&2 ,hvaml4 #cgb ,diog54 ,lart41 ,9 ,prm41 p4 #e4 #cgc ,pm&] et ,asclepius4 #cgd ,?is is ! va/ collection ( ,brahmanic morals4 ,"o f9ds !re _m ( ! l9es repeat$ ^w = ^w 9 ! ,seph] ( ,moses4 #cge ,9 !m1 antiquity goes back ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e our era4 ,!re is m5tion ( an eclipse ( ! sun1 v]ifi$ = ! ye> #baee ,b4,c4 #cgf ,s5ec41 ,de ,s541 l4 vi41 c4 #b4 #cgg ,hirocl41 ,aur4 c>m941 v4 #ah4 #cgh ,jamblic41 ,de ,vit ,py?ag42 ,porphyr41 ibid41 et de ,ab/942 ,vit ,py?ag4 apud2 ,phot41 ,cod41 #bei2 ,diog4 ,lart41 ,9 ,py?ag41 l4 viii42 ,hi]ocl41 ,comm5t4 9 ,aur4 ,c>m42 ibid41 ,de ,provid5t42 ,philo/41 ,9 ,vit ,apollon2 ,plut>41 ,de ,placit4 philos42 ibid41 ,de ,procreat4 anim42 ,apul41 ,9 ,florid42 ,macrob41 ,9 ,saturn41 et ,somn4 ,scip42 ,fabric41 ,bibl4 grc4 9 ,py?ag42 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 passim41 etc4 #cgi ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #ad2 ,phot41 ,cod41 #bdb et #bad4 #chj ,diog4 ,lart41 ,9 ,py?ag42 ibid41 ,9 ,emp$4 #cha ,hirocl41 ,pont4 apud ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 viii41 #d4 #chb ,maximus ,tyrius has made a diss]tation ^u ! orig9 ( ,evil1 9 :i* he ass]ts t ! prophetic oracles1 hav+ be5 consult$ on ?is subject1 respond$ by ^! two l9es f ,hom]3 8,we accuse ! gods ( our evils1 :ile we ourselves ,by our own errors1 are responsible = !m40 #chc ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #ah4 #chd ,plut>41 ,de ,repugn4 ,/oc4 #che ,9 ,gorgi4 et ,phileb4 #chf ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m941 v41 #ah4 #chg ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m941 v4 #ah1 #di et #fb4 #chh ,9 ,phdon2 ,9 ,hipp41 ii42 ,9 ,!t42 ,de ,rep41 l4 iv41 etc4 #chi ,hyde1 ,de ,relig4 ,vet4 ,p]s41 p4 #bih4 #cij ,evan4 ,s4 ,ma?41 *4 xvii41 v4 #ai4 #cia ,vie de ,kong-,tze 7,confucius71 p4 #cbd4 #cib ,m5g-,tze1 cit p> ,duhalde1 t4 ii41 p4 #ccd4 #cic ,kri%na1 ,bhagavad-,gita1 lect4 ii4 #cid ,,xl ,que/ions sur l',ame 7,vi]tzig ,frag5 von d] ,sell5 ,or/&1 ,ess5tz1 ,wes51 ,natur und ,eig5s*afft1 etc4 ,am/]dam1 #afhb74 ,que/4 #a4 #cie ,ibid4 #cif ,,ix ,textes1 text4 #a et #b4 #cig ,,xl ,que/ions1 que/4 #f4 #cih ,plato1 ,9 ,!ag4 #cii ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 l4 iv41 p4 #ejf2 ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #bh4 #djj ,?is is ! signification ( ! ,greek ^w 4 #dja ,dans le ,t*ong-,yong1 ou le ,pr9cipe c5tral1 immuable1 appel ,le ,livre de la gr&e ,sci5ce4 #djb ,evan4 ,s4 ,ma?41 *4 vii41 v4 #f4 #djc ,bhagavad-,gita1 lect4 #h et #ac4 #djd ,evang4 ,s4 ,luc41 *4 xiv41 v4 #bf4 #dje #ej h ,z5d-,ave/a1 p4 #bag2 #de h1 ibid41 p4 #aig4 #djf ,nombres1 *4 xxxi42 ,deutronome1 *4 iii41 xx41 etc4 #djg ,exode1 *4 xxxiv41 v4 #f4 #djh ,koran1 i41 *4 #d1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be1 #ej1 etc4 #dji ,voyez la f9 du d]ni] ,exam54 #daj ,s4 ,ma?41 *4 v41 v4 #dd4 #daa ,ibid41 *4 xii41 v4 #bj1 etc4 #dab ,ibid41 *4 x41 v4 #cd4 #dac ,s4 ,luc1 *4 xii41 v4 #eb1 #ec4 #dad ,s4 ,ma?41 *4 xii41 v4 #cj4 #dae ,bacon1 ,novum ,organum4 #daf ,novum ,organ41 ,aphor41 #ch et seq4 #dag ,voyez ,la ,vie de ,kong-,tze et le ,ta-,hio1 cit dans les ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*9ois1 t4 i41 p4 #dcb4 #dah ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*941 t4 iv41 p4 #bhf4 #dai ,novum ,organum 9 ,prf4 et ,aph41 #a4 #dbj ,ibid41 ,aph41 #aa4 #dba ,ibid41 ,aph41 #ac4 #dbb ,ibid41 ,aph41 #ad et #ae4 #dbc ,ibid41 ,aph41 #ch et seq4 #dbd ,novum ,organum 9 ,prf4 et ,aph41 #gc4 #dbe ,ibid41 ,aph41 #fc4 #dbf ,ibid41 ,aph41 #fe4 #dbg ,aurea ,c>m41 v4 #be4 #dbh ,aurea ,c>m41 v4 #bg4 #dbi ,h]mes1 ,9 ,asclepio2 ,porphyr41 ,de ,antr4 ,nymph41 p4 #ajf2 ,orig51 ,contr4 ,cels41 #a4 vi41 p4 #bih2 ,hyd41 ,de ,vet4 ,p]s4 ,relig41 p4 #af2 ,jamblic41 ,de ,my/]-,egypt41 c4 #cg4 #dcj ,hi/4 des ,voyag41 t4 lii41 p4 #gb2 ,divd41 #a4 iv41 c4 #gi2 ,plut>41 ,9 ,vit ,num4 #dca ,b\lang]1 ,antiq4 dvoil41 l4 iii41 *4 #e1 #c4 #dcb ,mm4 de l',acad4 des ,insc41 t4 i41 p4 #fg2 ,tit4-,liv41 ,decad41 ,i1 l4 ix42 ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 vi41 c4 #i4 #dcc ,duhald41 t4 ii41 p4 #egh2 t4 iii41 p4 #ccf1 #cdb2 ,con/4 d',orville1 t4 i41 p4 #c4 #dcd ,philo/r41 ,9 ,vit ,apoll41 l4 iii41 c4 #ac4 #dce ,dans mon #ba ,exam51 o j'ai cit p>ticulirem5t ,diogne ,larce1 l4 viii41 #d4 #dcf ,syncell41 p4 #ce4 #dcg ,s5ec41 ,qu/4 ,nat41 l4 iii41 c4 #cj2 ,synes41 ,de ,provid41 l4 ii41 sub f94 #dch ,plato1 ,9 ,tim42 ,ovid1 ,metam41 l4 xv41 fab4 v42 ,s5ec41 ,epi/41 #ce2 ,macrob41 ,9 ,somn4 ,scip41 l4 ii41 c4 #b2 ,hi/4 des ,voyages1 t4 xii41 p4 #ebi2 ,dupuis1 ,orig4 des ,cultes1 l4 v41 9 #ab1 p4 #dgd2 ,bailly1 ,hi/4 de l',a/r4 ,anc41 l4 ix41 #ae4 #dci ,cic]on1 ,de ,div941 l4 ii41 c4 #ig4 #ddj ,cic]41 ,de ,natur4 ,deor41 l4 ii41 c4 #bj2 ibid41 ,de ,div941 l4 ii41 c4 #ig4 #dda ,plato1 ,9 ,tim4 #ddb ,s\ry-,siddhanta4 #ddc ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 t4 ii41 p4 #cgh4 #ddd ,biot41 ,a/r4 ,phys41 *4 xiv41 p4 #bia4 #dde ,vit ,py?ag42 ,phot41 ,bibl4 ,cod41 #bei2 ,plato1 ,9 ,tim42 ,macrob41 ,9 ,somn4 ,scip42 ,virg41 neid1 l4 vi41 v4 #gbd2 ,sevius1 ,comm41 ibid42 ,cic]41 ,de ,nat4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #e1 #aa1 #ad1 et #ae2 ,diog4 ,lart41 ,9 ,zon42 ,batteux1 ,causes premires1 t4 ii41 p4 #aaf2 ,beausob41 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 l4 vi41 c4 #f1 #ad4 #ddf ,/anley1 ,de ,phil4 ,*ald41 p4 #aabc4 #ddg ,kir*]1 dip41 t4 i41 p4 #agb1 et t4 ii41 p4 #bjj4 #ddh ,maimon41 ,m ,nevo*41 i41 "p41 c4 #gj4 #ddi ,salmas1 ,ann4 ,climat41 ,prf41 p4 #cb4 #dej ,hom]1 ,odyss41 ,k4 v4 #did2 ,diodor4 ,sic41 l4 v41 c4 #f2 ,pl941 l4 vii41 c4 #ef2 ,plut>41 ,de ,oracul4 ,defect41 p4 #dcd4 #dea ,horat41 ,sat41 v41 l4 ii41 v4 #ei4 #deb ,hi]ocl41 ,9 ,aurea ,c>m41 v4 #ca4 #dec ,alcibiad41 i4 et ii42 ,la*s1 etc4 #ded ,9 ,alcibiad41 i4 #dee ,voyez ,burette1 ,mm4 de l',acad4 des ,belles-,lett41 t4 v42 ,laborde1 ,essai sur la ,musique1 t4 i41 introd41 p4 #bj4 ,our pa9t]s h h>dly treat$ ,greek pa9t+ bett]2 & p]haps if ! ,py?ian ,apollo & ! ,*a/e ,v5us _h n aga9 a/oni%$ ,europe1 b _h disappe>$ z did ! ma/]pieces ( ,polygnotus & ( ,zeuxis1 ! mod]n sculptors w\ld h said t ! anci5ts fail$ z mu* 9 patt]n z 9 col\r+4 #def ,wood1 ,essai sur le ,gnie orig4 d',homre1 p4 #bbj4 #deg ,bryant1 cit p> ,desalles1 ,hi/4 d',homre1 p4 #ah4 #deh ,wolf et ,klotz1 cits p> le mme4 ,ibid41 p4 #cf et #aag4 #dei ,paw1 ,re*]*es sur les ,grecs1 t4 ii41 p4 #cee4 #dfj ,c'e/ un c]ta9 ,grgoire1 cit p> ,leo ,allazi1 dans son ,livre de ,patri ,hom]i4 ,voltaire1 ,dict4 philos41 art4 ,,epop,e4 #dfa ,! "n ( ,pagan is an injuri\s & ignoble t]m d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ,paganus1 :i* signifies a ru/ic1 a peasant4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity _h entirely triumph$ ov] ,greek & ,roman poly!ism1 & :5 by ! ord] ( ! ,emp]or ,!odosius1 ! la/ temple d$icat$ to ! gods ( ! nations _h be5 de/roy$ 9 ! cities1 x 0 f\nd t ! p 9 ! c\ntry /ill p]si/$ a consid]able "t 9 ! anci5t cult1 :i* caus$ !m & all _! imitators to be call$ d]isively ,pagans4 ,?is appellation1 :i* c\ld suit ! ,greeks & ,romans 9 ! fif? c5tury :o refus$ to submit to ! dom9at+ religion 9 ! ,empire1 is false & ridicul\s :5 "o ext5ds x to o!r times1 & to o!r peoples4 ,x _c be said )\t at once (f5d+ *ronology & common s5se1 t ! ,romans or ,greeks ( ! "t ( ,cs>1 ( ,alex&]1 or ( ,p]icles2 ! ,p]sians1 ,arabs1 ,egyptians1 ,indians1 ! ,*9ese1 anci5t or mod]n1 7 ,pagans2 t is to say1 peasants disob$i5t to ! laws ( ,!odosius4 ,^! are poly!i/s1 mono!i/s1 my?ologi/s1 :atev] "o wi%es1 idolat]s p]haps1 b n ,pagans4 #dfb ,novum ,organ41 aph4 #dh4 #dfc ,de ,dign4 et ,increm4 ,sci5ce1 l4 iii41 c4 #d4 #dfd ,ut supra4 #dfe ,bacon1 de la ,vie et de la ,mort2 ,sueton41 9 ,tib]41 #ff4 #dff ,diog54 ,lart41 9 ,py?ag4 #dfg ,hi]ocles1 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #cc4 #dfh ,bacon assures1 foll[+ ! anci5ts1 t ! envi\s eye is dang]\s & t x has be5 obs]v$ t aft] great triumphs1 illu/ri\s p]sonages hav+ be5 ! object ( an envi\s eye h f\nd !mselves ill-dispos$ = "s days foll[+ 7,sylva ,sylv>um1 #idd74 #dfi ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 iv41 c4 #aa4 #dgj ,a!n41 l4 vii41 c4 #af2 ,jambl41 ,vit ,py?ag41 c4 #cj4 #dga ,jambl41 ibid41 c4 #bd4 #dgb ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 viii41 #i2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,pd41 l4 ii41 p4 #agj4 #dgc ,jambl41 ibid41 c4 #ba2 ,porphyre1 ,vit ,py?ag41 p4 #cg2 ,a!n41 l4 x41 p4 #dah2 ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 iv41 c4 #aa4 #dgd ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 viii41 #ai4 #dge ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #cb4 #dgf ,prov]bes du ,brahme ,b>?rovh>i4 #dgg ,*\-,k+1 *4 ,yu-,mo4 #dgh ,on tr\ve ce passages dans le ,t*ong-,yong1 ou ,livre du ,ju/e-,milieu2 ouvrage trs clbre p>mi les ,*9ois4 #dgi ,a la p]svrance il n'e/ ri5 qui rsi/e3 ,quelques soi5t ses desse9s1 si le ,sage y p]si/e1 ,nul ob/acle si gr& dont il ne vi5ne b\t3 ,la con/ance et le temps sont les matres de t\t4 #dhj ,porphyr41 ,vit ,py?ag41 p4 #bg4 #dha ,in/itutes ( ,manu1 *4 #a1 v4 #e4 #dhb ,xnophon1 ,mm41 l4 iv41 p4 #gif2 ,plat41 9 ,alcib41 i42 ibid41 9 ,*>m42 ,pausan41 l4 x42 ,pl941 l4 vii41 c4 #cb4 #dhc ,9 ,alcibiad41 i4 #dhd ,cicr41 ,acad4 ,qu/41 l4 iv41 c4 #bd2 ,sext4 ,empir41 ,hypotyp41 l4 i41 c4 #d et #ab4 #dhe ,diog4 ,lart41 l4 iv41 #aj2 ,cic]41 ,acad4 ,qu/41 l4 iv41 c4 #ah4 #dhf ,desl&1 ,hi/4 ,critiq4 de la ,philosoph41 t4 ii41 p4 #beh4 #dhg ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evan41 l4 xiv41 c4 #d4 #dhh ,! ,greek ^w is d]iv$ f ! v]b 1 to cov] ) a veil4 #dhi ,bayle1 ,dict4 crit41 art4 ,,arc,,silas4 #dij ,sextus ,empiricus1 :o 0 n a man to advance any?+ ?\ghtlessly1 alleges t ,arcesilaus 0 only a skeptic 9 semblance & t ! d\bts :i* he propos$ to 8 li/5]s _h no o!r aim ?an t ( see+ if !y _h en\gh g5ius to und]/& ! dogmas ( ,plato4 ,:5 he f\nd a disciple :o ev9c$ ! necess>y =ce ( m9d1 he initiat$ him into ! true doctr9e ( ! ,academy 7,pyrrh4 hypotyp41 l4 i41 c4 #cc74 #dia ,sext4 ,empir41 ,pyrrh4 hypotyp41 l4 i41 c4 #d1 #ab1 #ae2 l4 ii41 c4 #d1 etc4 #dib 1 4 ,iliad1 l4 vi41 v4 #adf4 #dic ,! ,brahmans call ! illusion :i* results f ?is veil maya4 ,accord+ to !m1 !re is only ! ,supreme ,be+ :o really & absolutely exi/s2 all ! re/ is maya1 t is to say1 ph5om5al1 ev5 ! tr9ity =m$ by ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,rudra4 #did ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 comp4 des ,sy/mes de philos41 t4 iii41 p4 #cfj4 #die ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 comp4 des ,sy/mes de philos41 t4 iii41 p4 #cfa4 #dif ,z5o hav+ be5 ?r[n by a /orm into ! port ( ,piru at ,a!ns1 all 8 life reg>d$ ?is accid5t z a bless+ f ,provid5ce1 :i* _h enabl$ him to devote himself to philosophy & to obey ! voice ( an oracle :i* _h ord]$ him to assume 8! col\r ( ! dead02 t is1 to devote himself to ! /udy ( ! anci5ts & to su/a9 _! doctr9e4 #dig ,plut>*1 9 ,catone majore4 #dih ,plut>*1 ibid42 ,cicr41 de ,rep41 l4 ii42 ,apud ,nonium voce ,calumnia4 ,lactant4 l4 v41 c4 #ad4 #dii ,c'tait quoi se bornai5t les sceptiques anci5s4 ,voyez ,sextus ,empiricus1 ,pyrrh4 hypotyp41 l4 i41 c4 #ae1 et l4 ii41 c4 #d1 #ab1 etc41 cit p> ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 ,comp4 des ,sy/41 t4 iii41 p4 #cie4 #ejj ,kritik d] ,re95 ,v]nunft 7,critique de la ,raison pure71 s4 #f4 #eja ,du mot grec 1 celui qui e/ apt jug]4 #ejb ,l',hi/oire comp>e des ,sy/mes de ,philos41 p> ,de ,gr&o1 et des ,mlanges de ,phil41 p> ,ancillon de ,b]l94 ,^! two writ]s1 :atev] "o may say1 h analys$ v well ! logical "p ( ,kantism1 & h p5etrat$1 especially ! =m]1 into ! rational "p1 z f> z x 0 possible1 = m5 :o write ^u ! sy/em ( a philosoph] )\t adopt+ ! pr9ciples & mak+ !mselves 8 foll[]s4 #ejc ,krit4 d] ,re95 ,v]nunft2 et l1 en plusieurs endroits4 #ejd ,?is is tak5 f ! ,v$anta1 a metaphysical treatise attribut$ to ,vyasa & comm5t$ ^u by ,sank>*rya4 #eje ,ju/91 ,cohort4 ad ,g5t41 p4 #f2 ,cyrill41 ,contr4 ,julian4 #ejf ,plut>41 de ,procr4 anim42 ,*alcid41 9 ,tim41 n4 #bic4 #ejg ,plato1 9 ,tim42 ibid41 9 ,!et42 ibid41 de ,rep41 l4 iv4 ,confrez avec ,proclus1 ,comm5t4 9 ,tim41 l4 i42 ,m>c-,aurel41 l4 iv41 l4 ix41 et l4 x42 et ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #age1 etc4 #ejh ,! idea ( mak+ ! quat]n>y spr+ f ! unity1 & ! decade f ! quat]n>y is express$ lit]ally 9 ! foll[+ l9es ( ,py?agoras1 pres]v$ by ,proclus3 ''' 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,! ,monad1 ( ,numb] is ! sacr$ s\rce2 ,f x ,numb] emanates & holds ! virtues ,) :i* %9es ! ,tetrad1 ,univ]sal ,"m1 ,:i* produces all ?+s & conceals 9 its dep?s ,! immortal ,decade1 hon\r$ 9 all places4 #eji ,! ne>e/ root ( ?is ^w is f9d1 :5ce is d]iv$ f9d51 to f9d2 its remote root is h&1 ! seat ( t\*1 :5ce comes f+]1 t :i* feels2 its primitive root is or 7d or id71 ! h& 9 ,phnician4 ,?is la/ root1 becom+ nasal at ! f9al & aspirate at ! initial1 has produc$ h&2 fang1 a capture1 & f9d1 a discov]y4 ,! syllable emp1 :i* prec$es ! root f9d1 expresses ! movem5t :i* lifts up f bel[2 li* designates t :i* disqualifies by id5tity1 & keit1 t :i* sub/antiates4 #eaj ,! root ( ?is ^w is /&1 a fix$ ?+1 a /ate2 its remote root is /at1 t :i* is p]man5t4 ,its primitive root is 7%dad71 firmness1 =ce1 con/ancy4 ,! initial syllable v] expresses ! movem5t :i* c>ries f> away1 :i* transports f ! place :]e "o is1 to t :]e "o is n4 #eaa ,! ne>e/ root ( ?is ^w1 z well z its remote root1 has disappe>$ f ! mod]n ,g]man1 :]e "o f9ds only its d]ivatives4 ,its primitive root is 9 ! ,lat9 ^w opt1 :5ce comes opto1 ,i *oose3 & optime1 be/4 ,?is root is atta*$ to ! ,phnician 7:ph71 any?+ :i* is rais$ above ano!r ?+4 ,x becomes nasal 9 ! ,g]man ^w & has *ang$ ! ph to ft4 ,f x is d]iv$ ! ,saxon1 ,engli%1 ,belgian1 & ,dani% ^w up1 :i* expresses ! movem5t ( ev]y?+ :i* t5ds above4 ,also f x1 ! ,g]man ^w luft1 air1 & ! ,engli% ^w al(t1 t :i* is elevat$4 ,! preposition v] has tak5 ! f9al n1 plac+ x be=e unft1 z x c>ries x con/antly 9 its analogue f]n1 t :i* is di/ant4 ,likewise "o says f]nglass1 a telescope ) :i* "o sees at a di/ance4 #eab ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 des ,sy/mes de ,philos41 t4 ii41 p4 #aic4 #eac ,krit4 d] ,re94 ,v]nunft1 s4 #bd4 #ead ,9 ! ,ori5tal languages 7r\7 indicates ! visual ray1 & 7rad71 all movem5t :i* is det]m9$ ^u a /raight l9e4 ,?is root1 accompani$ by a guttural inflection1 is call$ re*t1 9 ,g]man1 & "r 9 ,engli% & ,saxon4 ,! ,lat9s made ( x rectum1 t :i* is /raight4 ,9 ,fr5* rature & rateau4 ,! ,teutons1 tak+ "r 9 a figurative s5se1 h drawn f ?is same root1 ra?1 a c\ncil1 & ri*t]1 a judge4 #eae ,9 ,tim41 cit p> ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #agd4 #eaf ,! ^w intellig5ce1 9 ,lat9 intellig5tia1 is =m$ ( two words1 int] elig]e or elic]e1 to *oose1 to attract to self int]iorly1 & by sympa?y4 ,! etymology ( ! ^w expresses exactly ! use ( ! faculty4 #eag ,kritik d] ,re95 ,v]nunft1 s4 #ffb1 #gca2 ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 des ,sy/m41 t4 ii41 p4 #bcj4 #eah ,krit4 d] ,re95 ,v]nunft1 s4 #cjf1 #eah1 #ebg1 etc4 #eai ,ibid41 s4 #ace1 #acg4 #cii4 etc4 #ebj ,kritik d] praktis*5 ,v]nunft 7,critique de la ,raison pratique71 s4 #e1 #bb1 #bai1 #bcc1 etc4 #eba ,*>act]i/ics1 ,london1 #agcg4 #ebb ,a ,sy/em ( ,moral ,philosophy1 t4 i41 *4 #d4 #ebc ,enquiry into ! ,human ,m9d1 on ! ,pr9ciple ( ,common ,s5se4 #ebd ,an ,appeal to ,common ,s5se1 etc41 ,ed9burgh1 #agfe4 #ebe ,p5ses1 #ba4 #ebf ,9 ,greek 1 t :i* dom9ates & rules1 t :i* is intelligible4 #ebg ,9 ,greek 1 t :i* p]ta9s to g5]ative nature1 t :i* is physical1 & s5ti5t4 #ebh ,9 ,greek 1 t :i* p]ta9s to reasonable nature1 t :i* is logical1 ! ?+ :i* proves t ano!r ?+ is4 ,voyez ,platon1 9 ,tim41 et confrez avec ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #agd4 #ebi ,plut>41 de ,facie 9 ,orb4 lun41 p4 #idc4 #ecj ,! fir/ k9d ( virtue is call$ 1 human1 & ! second 1 h]oic & div9e4 ,att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ^! epi!ts :i* are relat$ to ! ?ree pr9cipal faculties ( man4 ,ari/ot41 ad ,nicom41 l4 vii41 c4 #a2 ,plato1 9 ,!tet42 ,galli51 9 ,cognit et ,curat4 morb4 anim41 l4 i41 c4 #c1 et #f2 ,!od4 ,m>cil1 9 ,aur4 ,c>m94 #eca ,9 ,somn4 ,scip41 c4 #h4 #ecb ,ari/ot41 de ,clo et ,mundo1 l4 i42 ,philo1 de ,mund4 opific44 #ecc ,pausan41 9 ,cor9?41 p4 #gb2 ,tzetz41 9 ,s*ol4 #ecd ,suidas1 9 2 ,h>pocr41 ibid4 #ece ,clem4 ,alex41 l4 v41 p4 #ehb4 #ecf ,psellus1 ,ad ,oracul4 ,zoroa/r4 #ecg ,meurs4 ,eleus41 c4 #ab2 ,dion4 ,*ryso/41 ,orat4 xii4 #ech ,sophocl4 apud ,plut>41 ,de ,audi5d4 ,poet4 ,s*ol42 ,ari/oph41 ,de ,pace4 #eci ,porphyr41 ,vit ,py?ag41 p4 #e4 #edj 1 savant4 #eda ,epiph41 l4 i42 ,plucquet1 ,dictionn4 des ,hrsies1 t4 ii41 p4 #gb4 #edb ,diod4 ,sicul41 l4 i42 ,h]odot41 l4 ii4 #edc ,ari/ot41 ,polit41 l4 ii42 ,/rab41 l4 viii4 #edd ,voyez ,,daniel1 et confrez avec ,c\rt de ,gbel91 ,monde primitif1 t4 viii41 p4 #i4 #ede ,z5d-,ave/a1 #ad h1 p4 #abg4 #edf ,pomp4 ,mela1 iii41 c4 #b2 ,cs>1 l4 vi41 c4 #ad2 ,pell\ti]1 ,hi/4 des ,celtes1 l4 iv41 *4 #a1 #bg et #cj4 #edg ,! fir/ ,%a/ra is entitl$ ,djatimala4 ,i am ignorant ( ! title ( ! o!r1 t ,i cite f ,h5ry ,"l3 ,discov]y ( ! ,banian ,religion1 9 ,*ur*1 ,collect41 vol4 vi4 #edh ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 tom4 vi41 p4 #bed4 #edi ,mmoir4 conc]n4 les ,*941 t4 ii41 p4 #agd et suiv4 #eej ,vie de ,kong-,tze1 p4 #bcg et suiv4 #eea ,voyez le #ab ,exam54 #eeb ,porphyr41 ,vit ,py?ag4 #eec ,plato1 ut supr4 #eed ,synes41 ,de ,provid5t41 c4 #e4 #eee ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #cc4 #eef ,tatian1 ,orat4 contr4 ,grc41 p4 #aeb4 #eeg ,plato1 ,9 ,gorgia2 ibid41 ,9 ,phd42 ibid41 ,de ,rep41 l4 vii42 ,augu/41 ,de ,civit4 ,dei1 l4 iii41 c4 #a1 et l4 x41 c4 #bi4 #eeh ,diog54 ,lart41 l4 x41 #abc2 ,cic]o1 ,de ,nat4 ,deor41 l4 i41 c4 #cj4 #eei ,cic]41 ibid41 c4 #h et seq4 #efj ,cic]41 ut supr4 #efa ,diog54 ,lart41 l4 x41 #abc4 #efb ,dict4 critiq41 art4 ,,epicure1 rem4 ,t4 #efc ,mm4 conc]n4 les ,*941 t4 i41 p4 #ajb et #ach4 #efd ,asiat4 ,rese>*41 vol4 vi41 p4 #bae4 ,voyez les ,p\ranas intituls1 ,bhagavad-,v$am et ,bhagavad-,gita1 et confrez avec les ,re*]*es asiatiq41 t4 v41 p4 #cej et suiv41 et avec l'ouvrage de ,holwell 7,int]e/4 ,hi/4 ,ev5ts71 *4 #d1 #e1 etc4 #efe ,cic]41 cit p> ,s4 ,augu/41 ,contr4 ,pelag41 l4 iv42 ,p9d>1 ,olymp41 ii41 v4 #abb4 #eff ,meurs41 ,eleus41 c4 #aa2 ,dion4 ,*ryso/41 ,orat4 #ab4 #efg ,b\n-,dehe%1 p4 #cdg4 #efh ,v5didad-,sad1 #cj h4 #efi ,homil4 ,clem5t41 xix41 #d1 p4 #gdd4 #egj ,ibid41 cit p> ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 i41 p4 #ch4 #ega ,x is necess>y be=e all1 to re/ore ! language ( ,moses1 lo/1 z ,i h said1 = m ?an tw5ty-f\r c5turies2 x mu/ be re/or$ ) ! aid ( ,greek & ,lat9 :i* *a9 x to ! illusory v]sions2 x is necess>y to g back to its orig9al s\rce & f9d its true roots3 ?is enorm\s "w t ,i h und]tak51 ,i h accompli%$4 #egb ,=tun4 apud ,augu/41 ,disput41 ii42 ,augu/41 ,contr4 ,fau/41 l4 xxi41 c4 ult4 #egc ,origne1 cit p> ,beausobre1 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 v41 *4 #f4 #egd ,beausobre1 ibid41 t4 ii41 p4 #cdf4 #ege ,hi]ocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m941 v4 #di et #ej4 #egf ,plat41 ,9 ,,ii4 ,alcibiad4 8,accordez-moi1 gr&s ,dieux1 ce qui m'e/ ncessaire1 ,soit que je p5se ou non v\s le dem&]2 ,et si de mes dsirs l'objet m'tait contraire1 ,daignez1 gr&s ,dieux1 daignez ne pas me l'accord]40 #egg ,v5didad-,sad1 #fh h1 p4 #bdb4 #egh ,z5d-,ave/a1 ,je%ts-,sads1 p4 #aac4 #egi ,h]ms1 ,9 ,asclep41 c4 #i4 #ehj ,orig541 ,contr4 ,cels41 l4 i41 p4 #ai4 #eha ,synes41 ,de ,insomn41 p4 #acd et seq42 ,niceph4 ,greg41 ,s*ol4 9 ,synes41 p4 #cfj et seq4 #ehb ,voyez ,naud1 ,apolog4 des gr&s ,hommes accuss de ,magie4 #ehc ,corn4 ,cels41 ,de ,re ,m$ic41 l4 i41 ,prf4 #ehd ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #dh et #di1 et ibid41 v4 #df4 #ehe ,plat41 ,9 ,georgi1 ,9 ,phd42 ,ibid41 ,de ,rep41 l4 vii42 ,augu/41 ,de ,civit4 ,dei1 l4 iii41 c4 #a et l4 x41 c4 #bi4 #ehf ,acad4 des ,inscript41 t4 xxxi41 p4 #cai4 #ehg ,procl41 ,9 ,tim41 l4 v41 p4 #ccj2 ,cic]41 ,somn4 ,scip41 c4 #b1 #c1 #d1 et #f2 ,hi]ocl41 ,9 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #gj4 #ehh ,v$a1 cit p> ,w4 ,jones1 ,asiat4 ,rese>41 t4 iv41 p4 #agc4 #ehi ,premi] ,p\rna1 intitul ,matsya4 #eij ,b\%znda-,ramayan4 #eia ,in/itut4 ( ,m5\1 *4 #a1 v4 #a4 #eib ,%&a-,p\rna4 #eic ,ekhame%a4 #eid ,aurore naissante 7,morg5s rte im ,aufgang3 dur* ,jacob ,bhm5 zu ,am/]dam1 #afhb71 *4 #ad1 #da4 #eie ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,rudra4 #eif ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 & ,pluto4 #eig ,9 ! ,tao-te-,k+ ( ,lao-,tse1 a "w :i* has held a high reputation among ! num]\s foll[]s ( ?is !osophi/1 "o f9ds t ! absolute1 univ]sal ,be+ :i* he decl>es c nei!r be nam$1 nor def9$1 is triple4 8,! fir/10 he said1 8has eng5d]$ ! second2 ! two h produc$ ! ?ird2 & ! ?ree h made all ?+s4 ,t :i* ! m9d p]ceives & ! eye _c see is nam$ ,y1 ! absolute ,unity1 ! c5tral po9t2 t :i* ! he>t und]/&s & ! e> _c he> is nam$ ,hi1 ! univ]sal ,exi/5ce2 t :i* ! s\l feels & ! h& _c t\* is nam$ ,ouei1 ! individual ,exi/5ce4 ,seek n to p5etrate ! dep?s ( ?is ,tr9ity2 its incompreh5sibility comes f its ,unity4 ,?is ,unity10 adds ,lao-,tse1 9 ano!r passage1 8is nam$ ,tao1 ! ,tru?2 ,tao is ,life2 ,tao is to itself bo? rule & model4 ,x is s l(ty t x _c be atta9$2 s pr(\nd t x _c be fa?om$2 s great t x conta9s ! ,univ]se2 :5 "o looks on high "o sees no beg9n+2 :5 "o foll[s x 9 its productions1 "o f9ds 9 x no end40 #eih ,"o ( ! pr9cipal dogmas ( ,fo-,hi is ! exi/5ce ( "o ,god 9 ?ree p]sons1 ^: image is man4 ,all 8 doctr9e is limit$ to lead+1 by m$itation & repression ( ! passions1 ! human t]n>y to its p]fection4 ,?is t]n>y is compos$1 accord+ to him1 ( ,ki1 ,ts+1 & ,*51 t is to say1 ( ! mat]ial1 animi/ic1 & spiritual pr9ciple4 ,x is necess>y t1 be+ jo9$ toge!r1 ?is t]n>y %\ld make b ,"o4 ,!n its duration w h no limit & its faculties w be inde/ructible4 ,voyez ,duhalde1 t4 iii41 9 fol41 p4 #ej4 #eii ,?is is noticeable p>ticul>ly 9 ,bayle4 #fjj ,h]od41 ,9 ,clio1 #aca2 ,/rab41 l4 xv42 ,boehm41 ,mores ,g5tium4 #fja ,pell\ti]1 ,hi/4 des ,celtes1 t4 v41 c4 #c4 #fjb ,tacit41 ,de ,morib4 ,g]m41 c4 #i2 ,lactant41 ,prm41 p4 #e4 #fjc ,augu/41 ,de ,civit4 ,dei1 l4 iv41 c4 #ca2 ,clem4 ,alex41 l4 i41 p4 #cjd2 ,/rom4 #fjd ,plut>41 ,9 ,vit ,numa2 ibid41 ,9 ,m>42 ,pell\ti]1 ,hi/4 des ,celt41 l4 iv41 c4 i42 ,lucan41 ,ph>s41 l4 iii41 v4 #dab2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,cohort4 ad ,g5t41 p4 #eg4 #fje ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 xiii41 c4 #ab2 ,h5ric4 ,/eph41 ,poes4 philosop41 p4 #gh4 #fjf ,porphyr41 ,s5t41 no4 #aj1 p4 #bba2 ,/anl41 ,9 ,py?ag41 p4 #gge4 #fjg ,/anley1 ,de ,phil4 *ald41 p4 #aabc2 ,beausob41 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 l4 ix41 c4 #a1 #aj4 #fjh 1 ?rice greate/4 #fji ,x is said t ?is fam\s table ( ,em]ald 0 f\nd 9 ! valley ( ,hebron1 9 a sepul*re :]e x 0 betwe5 ! h&s ( ! cadav] ( ,?o? himself4 ,krigsmann1 :o assures u t ?is table mu/ h read 9 ,phnician & n 9 ,greek1 quotes x a little diff]5tly f :at "o reads 9 ! ord9>y v]sions4 ,voyez ,tabula ,sm>agd9a1 cite p> ,fabric41 ,bibl4 ,grc41 p4 #fh4 #faj ,h]ms1 ,9 ,asclep41 c4 #i2 ,jambl41 ,de ,my/4 ,egypt41 c4 #cj2 ,maimon41 ,mor4 ,nevo*41 "p ii41 c4 #aj2 ,orig51 ,contr4 ,cels41 l4 i42 ,beausob41 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #di4 #faa ,homre1 cit p> ,maxime de ,tyr42 ,pl9e1 l4 ii41 c4 #g2 ,,bible1 psalm4 #gc et #ic2 ,job1 c4 #bc2 ,habacuc1 c4 #a2 ,mala*41 c4 #c2 ,balzac1 ,socrate *rti51 p4 #bcg4 #fab ,plucquet1 ,dict4 des ,hrs41 art4 ,,pr,,de/9ati5s4 #fac ,noris41 ,hi/4 pelag41 l4 ii41 c4 #ae4 #fad ,orig51 ,comm5t4 9 ,psalm41 p4 #ch et #ci4 #fae ,s4 ,lon41 ,epi/4 ,decret41 ii42 ,niceph41 l4 xvii41 c4 #bg4 #faf ,conc4 ,rom41 ,gelas41 t4 iii4 #fag ,dict4 des ,hrs41 art4 ,p,,lagi5s4 #fah ,plucquet1 comme ci-dessus1 t4 ii41 p4 #ded4 #fai ,pelag41 apud ,s4 ,augu/41 ,de ,nat4 et ,grat41 l4 iii41 c4 #i4 #fbj ,pelag41 apud ,augu/41 ,de ,grat4 ,*ri/41 c4 #d4 #fba ,comm5t4 9 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #fb4 #fbb ,s4 ,augu/41 ,de ,grat4 ,*ri/41 cit p> ,plucquet1 ,dict4 des ,hrs41 art4 ,p,,lagi5s4 #fbc ,calv91 ,in/itut41 l4 ii41 c4 #a et #b4 #fbd ,ibid41 t4 ii4 #fbe ,maimb\rg1 ,hi/4 du ,calv9isme1 l4 i41 p4 #gc4 #fbf ,orig541 ,contr4 ,cels41 l4 iv41 p4 #bjg4 #fbg ,plato1 ,9 ,alcibiad41 ii4 #fbh ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #ef4 #fbi ,hirol41 ,9 ,prm4 #fcj ,ibid4 #fca ,ut supr1 v4 #aj et #aa4 #fcb ,ut supr1 v4 #bb et #bd4 #fcc ,ut supr1 v4 #ed et #ee4 #fcd ,burnet1 ,ar*olog41 l4 i41 c4 #ad4 #fce ,de la ,triple ,vie de l',homme1 *4 vi41 #ec4 #fcf ,ibid41 *4 v41 #ef4 #fcg ,procl41 ,9 ,tim41 l4 v41 p4 #ccj2 ,ple?on1 ,s*ol4 ad4 ,oracl4 magic4 ,zoroa/4 #fch ,m>*41 ,*ron4 ,c41 p4 #beh2 ,beausob41 ,hi/4 du ,mani*41 t4 ii41 p4 #die2 ,huet4 ,orig5ian1 l4 ii41 q4 #f4 #fci ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #fb-gg4 #fdj ,lactant41 ,de ,ir ,dei1 c4 #ac1 p4 #edh4 #fda ,dict4 crit41 art4 ,,mani*,,ens1 rem4 ,d4 #fdb ,dict4 crit4 art4 ,,m>cionites1 rem4 ,e et ,g4 #fdc ,ibid41 art4 ,,paulici5s1 rem4 ,e4 #fdd ,bayle1 ,dict4 crit41 art4 ,,paulici5s1 rem4 ,e4 #fde ,de ,ir ,dei1 c4 #ac1 p4 #edh4 #fdf ,basilius1 t4 i41 ,9 ,homil4 quod ,deus non sit auctor mali1 p4 #cfi2 ,bayle4 ,dict4 crit41 art4 ,,m>cionites1 rem4 ,e et ,g4 #fdg ,trait de ,morale4 #fdh ,rponse deux object4 de ,m4 ,bayle1 p> ,delaplacette1 9-#ab1 #agjg4 #fdi ,essai de ,?odice1 "p iii41 ,no4 #dje et suiv4 #fej ,essai de ,?odice1 "p4 iii41 ,no4 #dje et suiv4 #fea ,ci-dessus1 #be ,exam54 #feb ,mm4 de l',acad4 des ,sci5ces1 ann41 #agfe1 p4 #dci4 #fec ,cit p> ,de ,gr&o1 ,hi/4 des ,sy/mes1 t4 ii41 p4 #ajj4 #fed ,hi/4 des ,animaux1 9-#d1 p4 #cg4 #fee ,sy/em des transc5d5tal ,idalimus1 p4 #dda2 ,zeits*rift fr die speculative ,physick4 #fef ,buffon1 ,?orie de la ,t]re2 ,l9n1 ,de ,telluris habitab4 ,increm5t2 ,burnet1 ,ar*olog41 etc4 #feg ,n\v4 ,dict4 d',hi/4 nat41 art4 ,,quadrup,,de4 #feh ,ovid41 ,metamorph41 l4 xv4 #fei ,n\v4 ,dict4 d',hi/4 nat41 art4 ,,quadrup,,de4 #ffj ,n\v4 ,dict4 d',hi/ nat41 art4 ,,animal4 #ffa ,n\v4 ,dict41 art4 ,,nature4 #ffb ,lettre ,h]mann4 #ffc ,*>les ,bonnet1 ,contempl4 de la ,nat41 p4 #af2 ,lecat41 ,trait du ,m\vem5t musculaire1 p4 #ed1 art4 iii42 ,rob9et1 ,de la ,nature1 t4 iv41 p4 #ag1 etc4 #ffd ,n\v4 ,dict41 art4 ,,quadrup,,de4 #ffe ,n\v4 ,dict41 art4 ,,animal4 #fff ,cic]41 ,de ,f9ib41 l4 v41 c4 #e2 ,aul4 ,gell41 l4 xx41 c4 #e2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 l4 v42 ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #fh2 ,lil4 ,gregor4 ,gyrald41 ,py?ag4 ,symbol4 ,int]pret42 ,daci]1 ,vie de ,py?ag42 ,b>!lemi1 ,voyage du ,jeune ,an>*41 t4 vi41 *4 #ge1 etc4 #ffg ,jambl41 ,vit ,py?ag41 c4 #bi1 #cd1 et #ce4 #ffh ,porphyr4 apud ,euseb41 ,prp4 ,evang41 l4 iii41 c4 #g2 ibid41 ,de ,ab/95t41 l4 iv41 p4 #cjh2 ,jambl41 ,de ,my/4 ,egypt41 c4 #cg4 #ffi ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/romat41 l4 v41 p4 #eef4 #fgj ,hrod41 l4 ii41 #cf2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ut supr2 ,daci]1 ,vie de ,py?ag4 #fga ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #gj4 #fgb ,procl41 ,9 ,tim41 l4 v41 p4 #ccj4 #fgc ,apud ,plut>41 ,de ,audi5d4 ,ptis4 #fgd ,p9d41 ,olymp41 iii42 ,apud1 ,plut>41 ,consol4 ad ,apoll4 #fge ,plat41 ,9 ,phdon4 #fgf ,hirocl41 ,aur4 ,c>m41 v4 #fh4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,words may h multiple spell+ v>iations or inconsi/5t hyph5ation 9 ! text4 ,^! h be5 left un*ang$ unless indicat$ bel[4 ,words & phrases 9 italics are surr\nd$ by und]scores1 l ?is4 ,footnotes 7 r5umb]$ sequ5tially & 7 mov$ to ! end ( ! book4 ,obvi\s pr9t+ errors1 su* z backw>ds1 upside d[n1 or p>tially pr9t$ lett]s1 7 correct$4 ,f9al /ops miss+ at ! end ( s5t5ces & abbreviations 7 add$4 ,duplicate lett]s at l9e end+s or page breaks 7 remov$4 ,m9or adju/m5ts to punctuation & diacriticals 7 made = consi/5cy4 ,! ,gold5 ,v]ses1 midway ?r\gh ! book1 7 =mat$ 9 ! orig9al on fac+ pages1 ) ,greek1 v]so1 & ,fr5*1 recto2 translation 9 ,engli% 0 pres5t$ z footnotes4 ,! text ( ! ,greek & ,fr5* 0 consolidat$ z units1 ! ,engli% reta9$ z footnotes4 ,! numb]s 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#cf7 9 ! ,engli% footnotes relate to ! numb]$ sections ( ! discussion ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses t foll[ ! poem4 ,9 footnote #abe1 acc5t grave ov] ! lett] c is not$ )9 brackets1 ?us3 c4,9 ,footnote #bbf1 ! x above ! o 9 ! ?ird l9e ( ! poem v]se 9 ,icel&ic is indicat$ z xo4 ,an*ors 7 miss+ to footnotes #cga1 #eci1 & #fef2 !y 7 add$ :]e !y likely belong4 ,corrections to ,greek3 to to ,corrections to ,pho5ician_/,hebrew3 to ,footnote #bhb to