,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & acc5ts h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4 ,temp]atures ranges1 v>i\sly express$ z #ed-ee1 #ed1 #ee & #ed #ee1 h be5 /&>dis$ z #ed-ee4 ,fractional temp]atures h be5 /&>dis$ z ,,xx4,x ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic1 sup]scripts ?us yn1 subscripts z yn4 ,,on ,,adipocire1 ,,& ,,its ,,=mation4 ,,by ,,*>les ,m4 ,,we!rill1 ,,ph4,d4 ,m4,d4 ,f ! ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,! =mation ( fat is int]e/+1 bo? f a *emical & a physiological po9t ( view4 ,! relation ( lign9e />* & sug> to alcohol1 af=d$ reasons = ,liebig's !ory ( ! =mation ( fat 9 ! body4 ,rec5t exp]im5ts by ,liebig1 ,bopp1 ,guckelb]g]1 ,kell] & o!rs1 on ! =mation ( ! l[] t]ms ( ! s]ies ( fatty acids by ! oxidation & putrefaction ( ! blood-=m+ sub/ances1 r5d]$ possible ! =mation ( ! high] memb]s1 f album51 fibr9 & case9e1 by simil> means1#a = example1 by a less int5se degree ( oxidation4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! /udy ( adipocire1 ) a view to ?is "q1 w\ld p]haps ?r[ "s light ^u x2 & ^u read+ all ! articles )9 my rea*1 ^u ?is body1 f ! "t ( its discov]y by ,f\rcroy1 ,i f9d a consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion ) reg>d to x4 ,9 #aghe1 ,f\rcroy exam9$ a portion ( a liv] :i* _h hung = t5 ye>s 9 ! air 9 ! laboratory ( de la ,salle2 x 0 fatty1 smoo?1 & unctu\s to ! t\*4 ,pota% lye dissolv$ a portion ( ! liv] completely1 =m+ a soap4 ,subsequ5tly1 :5 he _h exam9$ ! fat ( grave y>ds1 & sp]maceti1 he propos$ to "n ^! ?ree fats1 viz43 ( bili>y calculi1 sp]maceti1 & f grave y>ds1 adipocire1 consid]+ !m to be id5tical1 & possess+ an int]m$iate nature betwe5 fat & wax4 ,*evreul1 9 8 fif? ,memoire1 corrects ?is error1 & calls ! fat ( gall /ones *ole/]9e1 & t ( sp]maceti cet9e4 ,9 #aghf-g1 ,f\rcroy _h an opportunity ( /udy+ ! fat ( grave y>ds1 9 ! removal ( ! bodies f ! ,cemetire des ,innoc5s1 a "w :i* la/$ = two ye>s1 & :i* 0 sup]vis$ by ,dr4 ,?\ret1 :o 0 plac$ !re to c>e = ! heal? ( ! workm54 ,! sub/ance 0 abundantly f\nd1 & especially 9 ! 8f\illes10 or dit*es1 :]e ! slightly made c(f9s ( ! poor] classes _h be5 pil$ "o ^u ano!r2 ! tr5* be+ op5 = "s "t until x 0 fill$ ) bodies1 :5 x 0 cov]$ ) a slight quantity ( e>?2 on op5+ ! tr5*es aft] "s fifte5 ye>s1 ! bodies 7 conv]t$ into adipocire2 !y 7 flatt5$ by mutual pressure1 & _h impressions on _! surface ( ! grave clo!s4 ,f\rcroy's analysis prov$ x to be a soap ( ammonia1 ) phosphate ( lime1 & ! fat1 melt$ at #eb4e ,c4#b ,he suppos$ adipocire to arise f ! putrefaction ( all animal matt]1 except hair1 nails1 & bones1 = he /ates t 9 ! c>casses ( all animals expos$ ^u ! bord]s ( pieces ( wat]1 a fatty1 :ite1 fusible sub/ance resembl+ sp]maceti is f\nd4 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ record on ?is *ange f fle% to fat1 is to be f\nd 9 ,"l ,bacon's ,sylva ,sylv>um1 :]e he says1 7article ,fat17 8,ne>ly all fle% may be turn$ into a fatty sub/ance1 by cutt+ x into pieces & putt+ x into a glass cov]$ ) p>*m5t1 !n lett+ ! glass /& six or sev5 h\rs 9 boil+ wat]40 ,?is may be a pr(itable exp]im5t = mak+ fat or grease2 b !n x mu/ be practis$ ^u su* fle% z is n edible1 viz43 t ( horses1 dogs1 be>s1 foxes1 badg]s1 c4 ,george ,smi? ,gibbes1 #agid1 obs]v$ t 9 ,ox=d1 9 ! pits :]e 7 ?r[n ! rema9s ( dissections1 & at ! bottom ( :i* fl[$ a g5tle curr5t ( wat]1 l>ge quantities ( adipocire 7 =m$4 ,he plac$ a piece ( beef 9 ! riv] 9 a box pi]c$ ) holes1 & also a piece 9 :i* putrefaction 9 ! air _h comm5c$1 & adipocire result$ 9 bo? cases4 ,he proposes to make use ( ?is prop]ty to utilize ! dead bodies ( animals1 & /ates t nitric acid w effect ! same *ange 9 ?ree or f\r days4 ,john ,bo/ock 7,ni*olson's ,j\rnal1 ,m>*1 #ahjc17 dige/$ muscul> fibre ) dilute nitric acid1 & wa%$ ) wat]3 ! result 0 a cle>1 yell[ fat1 ( ! consi/5ce ( tall[1 melt+ at #cc ,c4 ,is less soluble 9 alcohol ?an ,f\rcroy's sub/ance3 ! great] "p deposits ne>ly :ite on cool+1 & ! residue c be precipitat$ f ! alcohol by wat]4 ,hot e!r dissolves x & ab&ons x on cool+2 cau/ic alkali =ms a soap2 ammonia dissolves b little ( ! fat4 ,*evreul1 on repeat+ ?is exp]im5t ) pure fibr9e1 c\ld obta9 no fat4 ,h>tkol1 7,ure's ,dict4 art4 ,adipocire17 exp]im5t$ = tw5ty-five ye>s on adipocire1 & conclud$ t x is n =m$ 9 dry gr\nds1 t 9 moi/ e>? ! fat does n increase1 b *anges to a fetid mass1 incapable ( be+ made into c&les4 ,animals 9 runn+ wat] leave a fat aft] ?ree ye>s1 :i* is m abundant 9 ! inte/9es ?an 9 ! muscles1 & m fat is =m$ 9 /agnant1 ?an 9 runn+ wat]4 ,*evreul1 #ahab1 f\nd ! fat ( *ur* y>ds to conta9 m>g>ic & oleic acids1 comb9$ ) yell[ col\r+ & odor\s matt]s1 also lime1 pota%1 oxide ( iron1 lactic acid salts & azotiz$ matt]4 ,he supposes ! fatty acids are lib]at$ f _! glyc]9e by ammonia1 :i* subsequ5tly itself escapes1 & t adipocire is ?us =m$ f ! orig9al fat ( ! body4 ,gay ,lussac1 7,an4 de ,*4 et de ,ph4 iv4 #ga17 adopts ! same views4 ,he subject$ f9ely *opp$ muscul> fibre depriv$ ( its fat by e!r1 to ! action ( wat]1 & did n succe$ 9 =m+ adipocire4 ,von ,bibra1 7,annal5 d] ,*em4 und ,ph4 #ef1 p4 #ajf17 9 an exam9ation ( ! fle% ( ! leg ( a ,p]uvian mummy1 a *ild1 obta9$ #ai4g p] c5t1 ( fat1 :i* he supposes to h be5 =m$ f ! muscles4 ,9 comp>ison1 dry human muscle f sev]al analyses by himself1 gives n9e p] c5t4 ( fat4 ,! muscul> fibre ( ! mummy1 aft] treatm5t ) e!r1 pres5t$ ! same appe>ance "u ! microscope1 z fre% muscle plac$ 9 ! same circum/ances4 ,bibra /ates 9 ! same article1 t he is fully conv9c$ ( ! *ange ( muscle to fat1 hav+ obta9$ a human corpse 9 :i* all ! p>ts ( fle% 7 ne>ly :olly conv]t$ into fat4 ,blondeau1 7,comptes ,r5dus1 ,sep4 #f?1 #ahdg1 & ,*4 ,gazette1 same ye>1 p4 #dbb17 arriv$ at ! same conclusion f an exam9ation ( ! ,roque=t *eese manufacture4 ,?is *eese is plac$ 9 d>k1 damp1 cool cell>s to rip54 ,be=e ?is treatm5t1 ! *eese conta9$ #abjj ( its weight ( fat1 & aft] two mon?s 9 ! cell>s ! case9e 0 almo/ :olly conv]t$ into a fat1 :i* melts at #dj1 boils at #hj1 & decomposes at #aej;,c4 ,! unalt]$ case9e c\ld be remov$ f x1 by m]e melt+ ) boil+ wat]4 ,9 an additional exp]im5t1 a p\nd ( beef free f fat 0 slightly salt$1 surr\nd$ ) pa/e1 & plac$ 9 a cell>2 aft] two mon?s1 x _h und]gone no putrid decomposition1 & 0 conv]t$1 = ! great] "p1 into a fatty body1 pres5t+ ! greate/ analogy to hog's l>d4 ,9 ^! in/ances a numb] ( p>asite plants are obs]v$ on ! mat]ial1 & x is necess>y to scrape ! *eese f "t to "t1 to free x f ^! mycod]mic plants1 :i* are reproduc$ ) fre% en]gy4 ,z ^! plants require ammonia = _! developm5t1 ,blondeau supposes x c only come f ! nitrog5 ( its case9e1 & t fat is "o ( ! results ( ! case9e decomposition4 ,gregory1 7,annal5 d] ,*em4 und4 ,ph4 #fa1 p4 #cfb17 exam9$ ! adipocire ( a fat hog :i* _h di$ ( sickness1 & _h be5 buri$ = fifte5 ye>s 9 moi/ gr\nd2 at ! bottom ( ! grave 0 ! adipocire 9 a lay] h>dly an in* 9 ?ickness2 x conta9$ /e>ic & m>g>ic & oleic acids1 toge!r ) f #a4e to #c4e p] c5t4 lime4 ,! glyc]9e 0 all gone1 & s 0 ! bone e>?1 :i* toge!r ) ! fle% 7 remov$1 z ,gregory supposes1 by ! c>bonic acid ( ! ra9 wat]1 leav+ ! orig9al fatty acids ( ! body4 ,pr(4 ,hnefeld1 7,j\r4 fr ,pr4 *4 #g1 p4 #di17 exam9$ a loaf ( rye bread1 :i* _h be5 buri$ = at lea/ eighty ye>s 9 a turf-moor1 & f\nd #b4b p] c5t4 ( a waxy or fatty sub/ance1 & he ref]s to an exam9ation by ,bracconot1 ( a m\ld]$ :eat bread conta9+1 among o!r sub/ances1 a fatty body4 ,hnefeld supposes t ! sub/ance ( ! bread 0 displac$ by ! turf mat]ial1 ! =m ( ! loaf be+ reta9$2 & admits ! possibility ( ! bread sub/ance p>tak+ 9 "p a *ange into res9 & waxy humus4 ,r4 ,wagn]1 7,*4 ,gazette1 vol4 #i1 p4 #cjf17 transplant$ ! rec5tly remov$ te/icles ( rabbits & frogs into ! abdom9al cavity ( f[ls2 ! te/icles ( f[ls into o!r f[ls & pigeons1 ^? ( pigeons into f[ls1 & fre% cry/all9e l5s into f[ls & pigeons :i* 7 kill$ aft] t5 or fifte5 days4 ,! te/icles ( frogs conta9$ ?ree p] c5t4 ( fat1 :i* 0 augm5t$ to #e4ae p] c5t4 ,9 "o case ! cry/all9e l5s1 aft] ! exp]im5t1 conta9$ #dg4hf p] c5t4 ( fat2 9 a numb] ( o!r exp]im5ts on l5ses1 ! result 0 ( f #g to #ae p] c5t4 ( fat1 calculat$ = ! dry sub/ance ( ! l5s2 c>efully clean$ portions ( frog inte/9es fill$ ) coagulat$ blood ( pigeons & calves1 fat free muscle f ! ?igh ( a frog1 & boil$ :ite ( h5's egg1 9 simil> conditions1 all gave fat4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 repeat$ by ,husson & ,burda*1#c envelop+ ! nitrog5iz$ sub/ances 9 bags or coat+s ( gutta p]*a1 ca\t*\c & collodion4 ,!y f\nd ! sub/ance well pres]v$1 b no *ange into fat2 s t admission ( ! animal juices mu/ conduce to x1 if ! *ange be possible4 ,burda* plac$ por\s vegetable sub/ances1 z wood & t9d]1 9 ! abdom9al cavity1 & f\nd a deposit ( fat on !m1 & :i* 0 imbib$ 9 ! pores1 :i* speaks aga9/ ! *ange 9 "q4 ,f9ally1 ,burda* det]m9$ ! fat ( ! egg ( ,l9nu /agnalis1 & detect$ a consid]able increase ( x dur+ ! developm5t ( ! embryo2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! egg conta9s sug> f :i* ! fat c\ld h be5 =m$2 & 9 opposition to ?is ! quantity ( sug> 9 h5s' eggs has be5 notic$ r to increase ?an dim9i% dur+ incubation4 ,qua9 ,vir*[ quot$ by ,lehmann1#d exam9$ muscle *ang$ 9 mac]at+ tr\ghs to adipocire1 & are ( op9ion t ! fibr9e is "h *ang$ to fat4 ,i h que/ion$ my m$ical fri5ds1 :o h _h exp]i5ce 9 ?is matt]1 & f9d !m to hold ! same op9ions4 ,pr(4 ,leidy1 :o mac]at$ ) wat] ! bodies ( small animals1 9 /opp]$ bottles1 to obta9 _! skeletons1 f\nd t ! deposition ( adipocire ^u ! bones 0 q abundant4 ,! physiological "q ( ! =mation ( fat1 has be5 fully discuss$ )9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 & x has be5 prov5 by diet & analysis1 t h]bivor\s animals possess m fat ?an is tak5 9 _! food2 b :e!r ! fat be =m$ :olly f non-nitrog5iz$ or f nitrog5iz$ bodies1 or p>tially f bo?1 is yet undecid$4 ,pa?ological consid]ations f ! fatty deg5]ation ( sev]al ( ! organs1 :]e ! fat is f\nd bo? )9 & )\t ! cell1#e appe> likewise to h divid$ sci5tific m5 z to its orig91 :e!r f a *ange ( ! prote9e comp\nds ( ! organs1 or f an abnormal pla/ic activity4 ,! connexion ( ! organs ( g5]ation ) ! deposit ( fat1 & ! increase ( ! latt] aft] ca/ration1 is wor?y ( consid]ation2 = ! cutt+ (f ! supply ( ! highly album9\s sem51 gives an impulse to ! fat =mation4 ,! fle% & ! fat ( ! body /& 9 an intimate relation to ea* o!r1 & nei!r ! non-nitrog5iz$ nor ! nitrog5iz$ diet exclusively is conducive to heal?4 ,repose is necess>y1 7) a prop] diet17 to ! =mation ( fat1 & z ! activity ( ! muscles requires _! rep>ation f ! food1 p]haps x is z mu* ?is we>+ away by activity1 t h9d]s ! =mation ( fat1 z ! increas$ combu/ion by ! quick5$ respiration4 ,x !re=e appe>s to me probable t bo? classes ( food conduce to ! fat =mation4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! /udy ( adipocire w\ld ?r[ "s light ^u ! "q1 :e!r fat be =m$ f prote9e comp\nds1 & ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d ! great diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! =mation & nature ( ?is body1 & 9 g5]al1 z to ! *anges t bodies und]go 9 grave y>ds4 ,^! v>i\s *anges are ascrib$ by und]tak]s to ! nature ( ! soil1 to its dryness or moi/ure2 b 9 a late removal ( a grave y>d 9 ?is city1 "s bodies 7 f\nd conv]t$ into adipocire1 ! graves ( :i* 7 contigu\s to ^? 9 :i* decomposition _h advanc$ to its full ext5t1 leav+ no?+ b ! skeleton4 ,! pres]vation ( "s bodies seems inexplicable1 accord+ to our pres5t k1 ( :i* ,i may cite ! well kn[n case ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 7:o 0 n embalm$17 :o hav+ repos$ 9 8 tomb = m ?an =ty ye>s1 0 s p]fectly pres]v$1 z to h be5 recognis$ f ! resemblance ( 8 portraits4 ,! problems propos$ = ?is rese>* 73-- #a/4 ,! *emical exam9ation ( diff]5t k9ds ( adipocire4 #b;d4 ,to wat* ! decomposition ( fle% ) wat]1 & imitat+ ! condition ( a body 9 moi/ gr\nd4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ ( ^!1 ,i possess$ ! foll[+ specim5s ( adipocire3 7a7 ,two f %eep buri$ at ! c\ntry seat ( ! late ,j4 ,p4 ,we!rill4 7b7 ,two f human subjects1 :i* ,i obta9$ myself f a grave y>d4 7c7 ,f a fossil ox1 pres5t$ by ,pr(4 ,leidy4 7a7 ,,%eep ,,adipocire4 ,specim5s ( ?is adipocire 7 pres5t$ to ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 by my uncle1 :o f\nd !m at 8 c\ntry seat1 opposite ,valley ,=ge1 buri$ 9 moi/ gr\nd1 ne> a dra9 :i* l$ wat] f a spr+-h\se4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s previ\sly1 ! %eph]d 9 *>ge ( a flock ( %eep indulg$ 9 a drunk5 spree1 & 9 ! mean:ile "s fifte5 ( ! %eep 9 8 c>e di$ f neglect1 & 7 buri$ 9 ! above m5tion$ spot4 ,my uncle1 :o 0 pres5t at ! exhumation ( ! %eep1 /at$ t 9 "s ( ! rema9s1 ! ext]ior =ms ( ! muscles 7 v di/9ct4 ,! two specim5s ,i obta9$ 7 9 lumps1 amorph\s "u ! microscope1 float+ on wat]2 ( greasy feel1 & rank mutton smell1 m+l$ ) a peculi> disagreeable fundam5tal smell1 t ,i h obs]v$ 9 all my specim5s ( adipocire1 includ+ ! fossil "o4 ,heat$ 9 a capsule ) wat]1 a transp>5t fat floats melt$ on ! surface2 heat$ alone 9 a plat9um crucible1 x melts & burns ) a smoky flame1 leav+ a slight residue1 :i* eff]vesces ) hydro*loric acid1 & conta9s beside s& & a little iron1 pr9cipally lime4 ,"u ! microscope ) mod]ate p[]s1 x is :ite1 fatty1 & granul>1 disappe>+ ) ,canada balsam2 ) high] p[]s x is amorph\s3 melt$ on ! glass slide cov]$ ) ?9 glass1 is cry/all9e on cool+1 9 gr\ps ( plumose cry/als1 :i* give a beautiful play ( col\rs ) pol>iz$ light2 a drop ( its weak alcoholic solution evaporat$ spontane\sly on glass gave ! same appe>ance ( cry/allization4 ,wat] add$ to ?is solution precipitat$ x 9 ! =m ( a pure :ite amorph\s p[d]3 di/ill$ p] se1 leaves a slight c>bonace\s residue1 & gives a volatile fat1 yell[i%1 & cry/1 on cool+4 ,?is volatile fat is soluble 9 hot alcohol1 & precipitates p>tly on cool+4 ,! weight ( mat]ial 0 sev5ty grammes2 x 0 melt$ 9 ! wat] ba?1 & filt]$ ?r\gh pap] 9 a hot funnel2 ! filt]$ solidifi$ fat 0 ( a light c(fee col\r1 & weigh$ fifty-f\r grammes2 9 a capill>y tube1 is s(t at #ed1 fluid at #fb2 on cool+ becomes opaque at #ej4 ,:5 press$ 9 pap]1 ! latt] is greas$ by oleic acid2 x conta9s no ammonia1 nor any nitrog5 by ! potassium te/2 ! residue on ! filt] 7toge!r ) ! filt]7 0 boil$ ) alcohol1 filt]$ hot on a weigh$ filt]1 & wa%$ ) alcohol4 ,?is alcoholic solution deposit$ twelve grammes ( fatty acid1 by spontane\s evaporation1 dur+ ! summ]4 ,! cry/als at fir/ deposit$ 7 :ite & w>ty2 a portion ( ! alcoholic solution on a glass slide1 exhibit$ ) ! microscope1 :ite1 curv$ d5dritic =ms1 arrang$ /ellate2 9 ! capill>y tube1 !y beg9 to melt at #ec1 are fluid at #fb1 & on cool+ beg9 to cl\d at #eh1 & are opaque at #ej4 ,! residue on ! filt] weigh$ ab\t f\r grammes1 & view$ "u ! microscope1 consi/$ ( membran\s matt]1 wool1 dirt1 & ! :ite elem5t ( cellul> tissue2 x gave ammonia ) potassa solution1 & nitrog5 by ,laissaigne's te/1 toge!r ) a /rong smell ( phosphurett$ hydrog5 :5 ! wat] 0 add$ 9 ! latt] te/4 ,?is residue burn$1 gave ?irty p] c5t4 ( a%4 ,! foll[+ is ! p] c5tage result = ! adipocire3-- ,solid fatty acids1 a little oleic acid1 & coally matt]1 #id4b ,membran\s matt] & cellul> tissue1 #b4c ,a% & dirt1 #c4e ---------- #ajj4j ,! portion ( fatty acid :i* pass$ ?r\gh ! filt] by melt+1 conta9$ #j4gc p] c5t4 ( a d>k-col\r$ a%1 pr9cipally lime1 ) iron1 & traces ( phosphoric & sulphuric acids1 pota% & soda4 ,! pota% & soda 7 detect$ by ,dr4 ,lawr5ce ,smi?'s beautiful me?od by pol>iz$ light1 :i* ,i h frequ5tly us$ ) success4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 ! quantity ( mat]ial 0 s small1 t nei!r ! pota% nor soda c\ld be detect$ by ! usual me?od4 ,an exp]im5t 0 tri$ to asc]ta9 :e!r ! fatty acids w\ld dissolve phosphate ( lime4 ,ab\t six or eight grammes ( fatty acid1 7! residue f ! hot press ( ! c&le factories1 cry/alliz$ f mu* alcohol1 & ( :i* "o gramme left no appreciable a% by exp]im5t7 7 kept = half an h\r melt$ ) pulv]iz$ bone a%es4 ,"o gramme ( ?is gave an a% ( only a qu>t] ( a milligramme2 :5 ?is 0 dissolv$ 9 hydro*loric acid & neutraliz$ by ammonia1 x 0 impossible to conclude :e!r !re 0 a precipitate or n4 ,sixty grammes ( ! fatty acids 7 !n saponifi$ ) pota% lye1 accord+ to ,*evreul's proportions1 dur+ :i* op]ation nei!r ammonia nor *ole/]9e c\ld be detect$4 ,! soap 0 decompos$ by t>t>ic acid1 & wa%$ sev]al times by melt+ ) wat]2 x dissolv$ ?us 9 alcohol ) r$di% br[n col\r1 & aft] filt]+ hot1 0 suff]$ to deposit ! great] "p ( its fat on cool+4 ,! cry/als ?us deposit$ 7 nacre\s scales1 & ( lu/re l ! fea!rs ( mo? w+s2 :5 melt$1 !y weigh$ #bf grammes1 & _h a goat-l smell2 by fur!r /&+1 ! alcohol deposit$ f\r grammes ( v transluc5t cry/als1 ) traces ( /ell> gr\p+s4 ,a ?ird crop ( cry/als by spontane\s evaporation 0 obta9$1 :i* 0 small 9 quantity1 weigh+ #j4f grammes1 &1 :5 melt$1 cool$ ) a flat1 waxy1 surface1 ) traces ( /ell> aggregations4 ,! "m alcohol ( ?is la/ cry/allization1 0 treat$ ) an alcoholic solution ( acetate ( lead4 ,! lead salts1 treat$ 9 ! usual mann] by e!r1 yield$ a few drops ( v highly col\r$ oleic acid4 ,f ! insoluble lead salts1 ! fat 0 sep>at$4 ,! alcoholic solution f :i* ! oleate & o!r lead salts 7 precipitat$ by acetate ( lead1 0 evaporat$ to dryness1 & treat$ by e!r1 :5 ano!r portion ( oleic acid 0 obta9$4 ,x results f ?is t ! quantity ( oleic acid 9 ! adipocire is small4 ,! great] portion ( ! lead salt 0 insoluble 9 e!r & alcohol1 its fat 0 sep>at$ & add$ to ! fir/ crop ( cry/als :i* fell f ! alcoholic solution ( ! fat f saponification4 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r any glyc]9e 0 9 comb9ation ) ! fatty acids 9 ! adipocire1 ! aque\s solution f :i* ! crop 0 precipitat$ by t>t>ic acid dur+ ! purification ( ! fat1 0 heat$1 filt]$ f small fat globules1 & aft] remov+ ! t>t> deposit1 subject$ to di/illation4 ,! acid residue ( ! retort 0 neutraliz$ by c>b4 pota%1 & aft] evaporat+ on ! wat] ba? 0 exhau/$ ) absolute alcohol1 :i* prov$ ! abs5ce ( glyc]9e1 z x gave on evaporat+ no?+ b a small residue ( col\r+ matt]1 :i* 0 yell[1 & ( a bitt] ta/e4 ,! di/illate 9 ?is exp]im5t _h a goat-l smell1 & x 0 d\btful :e!r x react$ acid to litmus pap]4 ,b>yta wat] 0 add$ to alkal9e reaction1 = :i* b a small quantity 0 ne$$1 & ! solution evaporat$4 ,!re 0 b little residue1 :i*1 on ! addition ( a drop ( hydro*loric acid & wat]1 emitt$ a rancid smell1 b no oil globule appe>$2 ! volatile fatty acids may1 !re=e1 be consid]$ to be pres5t 9 ! adipocire only 9 fa9t traces4 ,! foll[+ melt+ po9ts 7 obta9$3--,! fir/ crop ( cry/als f ! alcoholic solution ( ! fat aft] saponification1 :i*1 :5 melt$1 cool$ ) a /ellat$ surface1 tri$ ?ree times by dipp+ ! !rmomet] bulb 9 ! melt$ solution1 & not+ ! temp]ature :5 x became opaque1 gave #ee = ! solidify+ po9t4 ,9 a capill>y tube1 beg9s to melt at #eg1 fluid at #ei1 on cool+1 opaque at #ee2 ?is portion 0 tak5 f ! capsule on melt+ ! fat1 be=e ! :ole mass 0 melt$3 ano!r portion tak5 :5 all 0 fluid1 & aft] /irr+1 gave ! same results4 ,! cry/all9e appe>ance ( ! second crop ( cry/als f ! alcoholic solution aft] saponification1 :5 melt$ & suff]$ to cool 9 a capsule1 is simil> to t ( ! fir/ crop2 9 ! capill>y tube1 beg9s to melt at #ec1 fluid at #ed-ee1 on cool+1 cry/als =m 9 ! tube at #ea1 & is opaque at #ej4 ,! melt+ po9t ( ! ?ird crop ( cry/als 0 #ej4e4 ,9 asc]ta9+ ! melt+ po9ts ( ! diff]5t fats describ$ 9 ?is pap]1 ,i tri$ ! v>i\s modes 9 use1 & settl$ at fir/ ^u ! foll[+3--,a beak] ( di/ill$ wat] 7:i* mu/ be boil$ j be=e us+1 to prev5t air globules settl+ ^u ! capill>y tubes1 :i* w\ld falsify ! result7 is plac$ ^u wire gauze ^u a retort /& 9 front ( a w9d[1 ! !rmomet] hangs1 by a /r+1 9 ?is wat] f ano!r /&1 & ! lamp mu/ be moveable f "u ! beak] glass4 ,a piece ( /r+ is ti$ s loosely ar\nd ! top ( ! 7cyl9drical7 m]cury res]voir ( ! !rmomet]1 t ! diff]5t capill>y tubes may be readily slipp$ 9 & out on rais+ ! !rmomet] f ! wat]2 ! heat f ! lamp mu/ be su* t ! temp]ature ( ! wat] rises gradually2 ! capill>y tubes are s plac$ t !y lie closely to ! m]cury ( ! !rmomet]1 & :5 ! temp]ature approa*es ! melt+ po9t1 ! wat] is /irr$ ) ! !rmomet] to equalize ! heat1 ! lamp is !n remov$1 & ! po9t ( solidification obs]v$ 9 ! usual way4 ,i d\bt v mu* ! use ( not+ ! po9t ( solidification1 z x is influ5c$ s mu* by extrane\s circum/ances4 ,! cool+ ( wat] & c]ta9 salts bel[ _! solidify+ po9ts1 is well kn[n1 & ! same mu/ take place 9 ^! in/ances4 ,he9tz has notic$ h[ ! !rmomet] rose t5 degrees 9 det]m9+ ! solidify+ po9t ( melt$ human fat4 ,9 "o ( my exp]im5ts1 ! fat 9 ! tube 0 sep>at$ by m9ute air globules into ?ree or f\r columns1 q close toge!r2 9 obs]v+ ! fus+ po9t1 !y all melt$ at ! same in/ant2 b 9 solidify+1 "o w\ld be q cle> :ile ^? on ei!r side _h become opaque1 no matt] h[ mu* ! tube 0 /irr$ or vibrat$ by /rik+ ! beak] glass4 ,aft] hav+ obs]v$ ?is 9 sev]al in/ances1 ,i ab&on$ tak+ ! po9ts ( solidification1 & modifi$ ! process = ! fus+ po9t1 by keep+ ! wat] z ne> t po9t z possible1 & repeat$ly lift+ ! !rmomet] & atta*$ capill>y tube out ( ! wat] = a few seconds1 t ! fat might solidify1 & not+ ! fus+ po9t z t at :i* x at once becomes liquid2 ?is po9t is rea*$ twice2 fir/1 :5 ! wat] is be+ heat$1 & secondly1 z x is cool+3 ,i h f\nd by repetition ( ! same exp]im5t1 t ! degree ?us obta9$1 is con/ant f ! fir/1 & ,i ?9k gives ! mo/ accurate results4 ,! mode ( us+ capill>y tubes = ! fus+ po9ts1 is conv5i5t1 z1 at ! close ( ! exp]im5t1 !y c be seal$ at ! op5 end1 & plac$ on a c>d ) descriptions1 = future ref]5ce4 ,i weigh$ ! quantity ( fat 9 "o in/ance1 & f\nd t half a milligramme 0 mu* m ?an en\gh to obta9 ! melt+ po9t ) ! capill>y tube4 7b7 ,,human ,,adipocire4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! ye> #ahec1 ,i visit$ a grave y>d 9 ,philadelphia1 ! rema9s ( :i* 7 be+ remov$1 & f :i*1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 ,i obta9$ specim5s ( adipocire & valuable in=mation4 ,! surface ( ! burial gr\nd 0 depress$ ab\t f\r or six feet bel[ t ( ! neighb\r+ /reets1 & 0 ( a v moi/ nature4 ,_m ( ! bodies 7 conv]t$ m or less into adipocire1 & ( ^!1 all _h be5 l>ge p]sons4 ,!re 0 none among ! rema9s ( *ildr54 ,i obta9$ specim5s f two p]sons4 ,no4 #a1 0 f a l>ge man1 :i* _h be5 buri$ f t5 to fifte5 ye>s2 ! gr\nd 0 v moi/1 & ! c(f9 rott52 ! grave 0 sev5 feet deep4 ,! adipocire 0 f ! middle ( ! c(f91 & 0 9 irregul> lumps4 ,no4 #b1 0 f a v l>ge man2 buri$ five or six ye>s2 ! gr\nd moi/1 ?\gh n s mu* s z numb] "o2 ! grave five feet deep4 ,! gr\nd ar\nd ! c(f9 0 ( a bloody col\r1 & all ( ! body 0 decay$1 except ! l[] portion4 ,! %ape ( ! rump 0 pla91 & ! legs sep>ate2 ! fat 0 at ! bottom ( ! c(f91 & ! bones 7femur1 tibia7 7 ly+ along x4 ,! adipocire conta9$ an impression ( ! bone1 0 spongy & d>k-col\r$ on ! inside2 & on ! outside x 0 smoo?1 :ite1 & pres5t$ impressions ( ! grave clo!s1 & "h & !re appe>ances z if ( ! hair follicles & sebace\s gl&s1 b :i* lo/ ?is appe>ance :5 view$ ) ! microscope4 ,!re 0 no hair on ?is specim54 ,! pieces ( adipocire ( ?is specim5 7 l>ge1 at ! ?icke/ "p be+ ab\t ?ree in*es 9 ?ickness2 !y pres5t$ ! %ape ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! leg1 ?\gh flatt5$2 t\gh fibr\s b&s1 l aponeuroses1 7 se5 9 "s p>ts trav]s+ ! mass ( fatty matt]4 ,! appe>ance ( ^! two specim5s ) ! microscope1 0 v simil> to ea* o!r & to ! %eep adipocire4 ,p[d] scrap$ f !m1 ) a f9e ne$le1 gave no appe>ance ( fat globules1 b irregul> masses1 m+l$ ) membran\s matt]2 a portion slic$ (f ) a %>p knife1 pres5t$ by reflect$ light1 brilliant1 :ite1 irregul> fatty fragm5ts1 b no traces ( globules4 ,:5 alcohol 0 add$ ) heat1 ! fat disappe>$1 leav+ membran\s matt]1 & fibres n-ana/omos+ 7! :ite elem5t ( cellul> tissue47 ,! addition ( acetic acid causes ! fibres to disappe>1 & )\t %[+ nuclei4 ,portions ( numb] "o pres5t$ an appe>ance z if ( ! hair follicles1 & !re 7 m+l$ ) x cyl9drical hairs1 ( an in* & a half 9 l5g?1 br[ni% 9 col\r1 & q f9e4 ,f ^! hairs1 & f its position 9 ! c(f91 adipocire numb] "o probably came f ! abdom54 ,! fat f ?is portion gave ! same appe>ance "u ! microscope1 z specim5 numb] two4 ,! alcoholic solution ( ! fat evaporat$ on ! microscope slide1 gave ! appe>ance ( /ellat$ d5dritic cry/als1 ) curv$ bran*es1 resembl+ ! s call$ m>g>ic acid "u ! same circum/ances4 ,! :ole mass ( fat 9 ! two specim5s1 seems to be entangl$ 9 a web ( dis9tegrat$ membrane1 & fibr\s tissue4 ,i h nev] be5 able to detect any traces ( muscul> fibre "u ! microscope2 & ,dr4 ,leidy1 :o 0 k9d en\gh to exam9e specim5s ) ! microscope1 communicat$ to me ! same results4 ,! smell ( ! two specim5s 0 peculi>2 :at might be call$ an adipocire smell2 = ,i h obs]v$ x 9 all specim5s ( adipocire t ,i h exam9$4 ,?is smell is indescribable1 ! ne>e/ approa* to x be+ t ( fces1 b x is mu* m disagreeable4 ,! foll[+ melt+ po9ts 7 obs]v$ f ! orig9al adipocire1 melt$ p] se 9 wat* glasses1 & ! fat tak5 up 9 capill>y tubes4 ,9 ^! specim5s1 7a7 0 tak5 f p>ts ) little1 & 7b7 f p>ts ) mu* cellul> tissue3 fuses at #ef 7a7 solidifies #ej ,no4 #a4 fuses #ej 7b7 solidifies #dc-dd fuses #ee 7a7 solidifies #ej ,no4 #b4 fuses #ee 7b7 solidifies #ej ,!y comm5c$ to melt a little bel[ & to solidify a little above ^! po9ts1 :i* 7 tak5 = p]fect fluidity or opacity4 ,g5]ally 9 solidify+1 ! cry/allization comm5c$ at "o po9t1 & spread gradually ?r\gh ! capill>y tube4 ,! d5sity v>i$ ) diff]5t portions ( "o & two1 f bel[ #j4gdhg to #a4j1 & 0 asc]ta9$1 by imm]s+ specim5s 7fre$ f ext]nal air globules7 9 e!r ( ! above d5sity1 alcohol ( d5sity #j4hcfe1 & di/ill$ wat]4 ,! a%1 no d\bt1 v>i$ also2 b ! foll[+ det]m9ations 7 made ) ! :ite/ portions ( "o & two3 viz43 ^? ( ! d5sity ( e!r4 ,no4 #a1 conta9$ #j4egc p] c5t4 ( a%1 7#a4ace gave #j4jjfe7 :i* eff]vesc$ ) acid1 & conta9$ pr9cipally1 lime1 ) traces ( *lor9e1 sulphuric & phosphoric acid1 also iron1 potassa soda1 & 7d\btful7 magnesia4 ,! melt+ po9t ( ?is portion 0 #eb-ec4 ,no4 #b1 gave #j4ah p] c5t4 ( a%1 7#a4aji gave #j4jjb7 :i* conta9$ ! same sub/ances z numb] "o4 ,! melt+ po9t ( ?is fat 0 #ec-ee4 ,! two specim5s ( adipocire 7 melt$ ) ab\t "o & a half times _! weight ( ord9>y alcohol1 filt]$ hot1 wa%$ a c\ple ( times ) hot alcohol1 & press$1 ! residue be+ weigh$4 ,?is gives an approximate p] c5tage ( ! membran\s & fibr\s matt]1 :i* is r too l[1 ow+ to a little fat rema9+ 9 ! residue & filt]4 ,! specim5s ( adipocire 7 pick$ z f> z practicable f d>k pieces4 ,no4 #a1 #cfj grammes1 gave n9e ( residue1 or a p] c5tage ( ,fat col\r+ matt] & wat]1 #ig4h ,organic tissue1 #b4b ---------- #ajj4j ,no4 #b1 #iig grammes adipocire1 gave tw5ty-sev5 residue1 or p] c5t4 ,fat col\r+ matt] & wat]1 #ig4c ,organic tissue1 #b4g ---------- #ajj4j ,! fats 7 !n saponifi$ ) ,potassa2 ,no4 #a by ,*evreul's process1 & ,no4 #b by ,he9tz's process ) alcohol4 ,! soaps 7 precipitat$ sev]al times1 by solution ( common salt2 no ammonia nor *ole/]9e 7 detect$ dur+ ! process2 a heavy1 floccul5t soap fell dur+ ! melt+1 :i* 0 exam9$1 & f\nd to be a soap ( alum9a1 oxide ( iron & magnesia2 probably f impurities 9 ! salt4 ,no glyc]9e 0 pres5t 7by direct exp]im5t7 9 ei!r ( ! specim5s4 ,an exam9ation = volatile fatty acids1 gave negative results = numb] "o1 & a v slight trace 9 numb] two ( volatile fatty acids1 acetic & butyric1 & "o or two m9ute float+ oil drops1 mo/ probably f ! alcohol employ$4 ,! fats ?us obta9$1 7 v d>k 9 col\r1 & :5 cool$1 aft] be+ melt$ 9 a capsule on wat]1 solidifi$ ) a smoo?1 waxy surface1 ) ! fibres ( cry/allization v]tical4 ,at ! po9t ( cry/allization1 ! expansion pu%$ up1 & broke ! s(t cake ( fat 9 ! c5tre4 ,no4 #a weigh$ #bcg & ,no4 #b1 #fdd grammes4 ,no4 #a1 7! melt+ po9t ( :i* 0 #eg4e1 ! solidify+ po9t #eb7 0 melt$ ) an equal weight ( alcohol1 & on cool+1 filt]$ & press$2 a v d>k liquid ran ?r\gh1 a drop ( :i*1 evaporat$ on a glass slide1 gave d5dritic1 /ellate1 pol>izable cry/als4 ,to ! residue weigh+ #agg grammes1 #ajj grammes ( alcohol 7 add$1 & ! fat :i* sep>at$1 toge!r ) "s deposit+ f ! la/ filtrate by /&+1 7 add$ to ! fat ( ! previ\s op]ation2 ! fat :i* sep>at$ f ?is solution ( #agg grammes1 melt$ at #ei-fj1 & solidifi$ at #ec-ed4 ,! d>k-col\r$ alcoholic liquid1 filt]$ f ^! fats1 0 saponifi$ by an alcoholic solution ( potassa2 ! alcohol expell$ by boil+ ) wat]1 & aft] transf]r+ to a retort1 0 boil$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,! di/ill$ wat]1 exam9$ = volatile fatty acids1 gave negative results4 ,! fat 0 v d>k 9 col\r1 melt$ at #ee1 & solidifi$ at #ej1 ?\gh x 0 difficult to det]m9e ^! po9ts exactly1 z ! *ange exhibit$ itself v gradually4 ,a portion ( ?is fat 0 conv]t$ into a potassa salt1 & precipitat$ by *loride ( b>ium2 ! filtrate f :i*1 treat$ ) hydro*loric acid1 gave a small quantity ( a yell[ fat1 n fur!r exam9$4 ,! b>yta salts 7 treat$ by e!r1 & ! residue by boil+ alcohol4 ,! e!real1 alcoholic solutions1 & ! residue1 7 sev]ally decompos$ by hydro*loric acid4 ,! e!real solution gave a small quantity ( oleic acid1 9 v d>k drops4 ,! alcoholic solution fat 0 also small 9 quantity1 & d>k4 ,x fus$ at #fa-fb1 & solidifi$1 z well z c\ld be judg$1 at #de4 ,! residual fat1 :i* 0 ! l>ge/ 9 quantity1 yell[1 & ( a waxy surface1 melt$ at #dc-df1 & solidifi$ at #de-dj4 ,! purification ( fat ,no4 #b1 0 n[ und]tak51 & exp]im5t$ ^u m p>ticul>ly ?an ,no4 #a1 s9ce ?is specim5 ( adipocire con=m$ to ! %ape ( "p ( ! human frame4 #ao4 ,an equal weight ( alcohol 0 add$1 & ! fat1 :i* weigh$ #fdd grammes1 0 dissolv$ by heat2 on cool+ x 0 press$1 & z ! filtrate deposit$ m fat on /&+1 x 0 press$ aga91 & ! fat add$ to ! =m]4 ,! d>k-col\r$ filtrate 0 bottl$1 & ! fat melt$4 ,x 0 ( smoo? & waxy surface1 & weigh$ #eaa grammes4 #bo4 ,! fat f #ao 0 melt$ ) #agj alcohol1 & ! same op]ation p]=m$4 ,residue weigh$ #cbg grammes4 #co4 ,add$ #abd alcohol to ?is fat4 ,9 ?is all ! liquor 0 absorb$ by ! press+ clo?s2 ! fat weigh$ #cce grammes4 #do4 ,add$ an equal weight ( alcohol & melt$2 press$ aft] two days4 ,! liquid by ?is "t1 0 light yell[i%2 ! fatty cry/als 9 :ite flakes or scales2 ! small] ones transp>5t "u ! microscope1 & pol>izable4 ,a portion ( ! fat 0 melt$1 & obs]v$ cool+ "u ! microscope ) pol>iz$ light2 z ! solidification approa*$1 a beautiful play ( prismatic col\rs took place1 & ! drop %ot into cry/al int]lac$ lamell4 ,a drop melt$ ) alcohol1 & let cool1 gave ! peculi> d5dritic curv$ appe>ance ( m>g>ic acid4 #eo4 ,! fat by ?is "t weigh$ #cjj grammes2 x 0 melt$ ) an equal weight ( alcohol1 & press$ ! foll[+ day4 ,residue1 #bec grammes4 #fo4 ,?is 0 melt$ ) #bej alcohol2 ! liquid f ! press 0 v little less col\r$ ?an ! la/2 ! residue weigh$ #bbg grammes1 & 0 brilliant :ite1 ) a t+e ( yell[2 ! fracture %[$ l>ge cry/als1 & c\ld n be di/+ui%$ f ! product ( ! /e>ic c&le factories4 ,:5 melt$1 x cool$ ) rais$1 unev5 surface1 & 0 completely soluble 9 e!r4 ,:5 ! e!real solution 0 suff]$ to sep>ate spontane\sly1 ! fir/ fat :i* made its appe>ance melt$ at #fj1 solidifi$ at #ee1 & ! fat extract$ f ! re/ ( ! e!r gave exactly ! same po9ts4 ,! foll[+ are ! melt+ po9ts yield$ by ! fatty residues ( ! =ego+ alcoholic cry/allizations3 ,fat melts solidifies #bo #eh #ec #co #eh #ec a #eb #do #eh #ec a #eb #eo #eh a #eh4e #ec #fo #fj #ee a #ed ,! exam9ation ( ! liquids sep>at$ f ! above cry/allizations1 0 n[ tak5 up4 ,_! col\r 0 f a v deep r$di% br[n 7,no4 #ao7 d[n to light yell[1 & ne>ly col\rless 7,no4 #fo47 ,9 #ao1 #bo1 & #eo1 cry/als _h deposit$ by /&+1 & z #bo 0 n cork$ l ! re/1 ! deposit "h 0 abundant2 x 0 re-melt$ ) addition ( z mu* alcohol z _h evaporat$1 & 0 suff]$ to /& = sev]al days long]1 :5 a drusy cry/all9e deposit made its appe>ance4 ,! foll[+ are ! melt+ po9ts = ^! two precipitates3 ,precipitate 9 #ao melts #fb-fc solidifies #dde-dj ,precipitate 9 #eo melts #ea-ef solidifies #dde-dc ,! fat deposit$ 9 #bo melt$ at #eh1 & solidifi$ at #eb1 & ! fat sep>at$ f ! liquid ( ?is bottle1 melt$ at #eie1 solidifi$ at #ec1 b cont9u$ transluc5t d[n to #cc4 ,aft] ! above melt+ po9ts1 #ao & #eo 7 obs]v$1 ! same fat 0 rais$ sl[ly to ! melt+ po9ts1 & !n kept = a consid]able "t 9 ! !rmo/at1 at #ajj1 ! po9ts 7 aga9 det]m9$1 & f\nd to be ! same4 ,! liquids sep>at$ f ! fats #ao-#fo1 gave ! foll[+ results3 ,! fat f ,liquid melts solidifies #ao #cf-df #da-8 #bo #ci-da #cg-ce4e #do#f #ei-fb #dj4e-ce #eo #fb-ff #eh-ec #fo #ec-ef #da-8 ,! melt+ po9t ( liquid #bo1 does n accord ) t above /at$1 b ,i note ! exp]im5ts z !y 7 obs]v$1 m]ely m5tion+ t ,i obs]v$ c>efully1 & am n consci\s ( hav+ made an error4 ,! above po9ts seem vague1 b x 0 impossible to fix a po9t def9itely1 z a cl\d9ess p]si/$ up to ! highe/ degree /at$1 s ,i pref] to give ! limits ( c]ta9ty4 ,9 #ao & #fo ! solidify+ po9ts1 #da1 7 tak5 :5 ! liquid 9 ! capill>y tubes seem$ to become solid1 b x rema9$ transluc5t = a long "t bel[ ?is po9t1 & #fo only became opaque 7& t gradually7 :5 suff]$ to /& 9 ! air4 ,we are rem9d$ "h ( ,duffy's obs]vations ^u c]ta9 isom]ic trans=mations ( ! fats1 7,qu>4 ,j\r4 ,*4 ,sec4 ,v4 #aig47 ,he notic$ t /e>9e heat$ #a above its po9t ( solidification1 became transp>5t1 b soon aft] resum$ its opacity2 & ,he9tz made a simil> obs]vation4 ,duffy attributes ?is to an isom]ic trans=mation ( ! fat by ! heat2 b x seems to me simpl] until an isom]ism be m di/9ctly prov51 to assume a mixture ( fats1 :i* unite to =m a def9ite comp\nd "u ! circum/ances1 & :i* has ! above m5tion$ prop]ty4#g ,he9tz's rese>*es on ! fats %\ld make u look ) suspicion ^u fats z pure1 t are only purifi$ by cry/allization4 ,duffy's rem>ks 7 made ^u ! glyc]9e comp\nds ( ! fatty acids2 x appe>s f ! above exam9ation ( ! liquids #ao & #fo1 z if some?+ simil> took place ) ! fatty acids !mselves1 al?\gh1 ) "o or two exceptions1 9 o!r det]m9ations ( melt+ po9ts not$ 9 ?is article1 ,i h n obs]v$ ! same ph5om5on ( transp>5cy4 ,a few exp]im5ts 7 n[ made ) ! alcoholic liquid #fo4 ,a conc5trat$ alcoholic solution ( acetate ( magnesia add$ to ?is liquid1 produc$ no precipitate1 b micace\s cry/all9e scales fell on add+ acetic acid1 & ^u add+ m acetic acid1 & heat+1 besides ^! cry/als1 an oil float$ on ! surface1 :i* solidifi$ on cool+1 & :i* behav$ l a fat1 & gave ! melt+ po9t ( palmitic acid1 viz43 #fb 7solidifies gradually f #dg to #ci47 ,! cry/als gave a small quantity ( a% :5 burn$ on plat9a foil1 & on be+ decompos$ by hydro*loric acid1 gave a fat ) ! melt+ po9t ( /e>ic acid #gb-gc1 & solidify+ at #fj-ee4 ,! "m liquid conta9$ too little fat to exp]im5t ^u4 ,to ano!r portion ( ! liquid #fo1 alcoholic acetate ( magnesia 0 add$ )\t addition ( acetic acid1 & ! solution evaporat$ 9 a retort4 ,! fir/ cry/als :i* appe>$ conta9$ a fat :i* fus$ at #fe-fh4e1 & solidifi$ at #fb-eh4 ,! solid cry/all9e fat ,no4 #f :i* 0 remov$ f ! liquid #fo1 & :i* 0 ! mo/ highly purifi$ result f ! cry/allization ( ?is specim5 ( adipocire1 0 n[ exam9$ m p>ticul>ly2 an alcoholic solution 0 made ^u :i* to try ! diff]5t exp]im5ts4 ,fifte5 grammes ( ! fat requir$ #cjj ( alcohol ( #ic p] c5t4 to keep x 9 solution2 b be=e hav+ add$ s mu* alcohol1 on /&+ = a %ort "t #j4fef grammes ( pe>ly cry/all9e scales fell1 :i* _h a melt+ po9t ( #fb4e1 & solidifi$ at #ee4e4 ,! fat ( ! liquid aft] ^! cry/als _h fall51 :5 precipitat$ by wat]1 melt$ at #eh-fa1 & solidifi$ at #ee4e3 ^! cry/als1 recry/alliz$ f alcohol1 melt$ at #fb4e1 & solidifi$ at #eh-eg2 ^! 7 dissolv$ a ?ird "t1 9 tw5ty times _! weight ( #ic p] c5t4 alcohol1 :i* deposit$1 on /&+1 less ?an a milligramme ( tuft$ cry/als ( ! =m ( palmitic acid1 ( :i* x _h ! melt+ po9t #fb3 m alcohol 0 add$ to ! solution1 & x 0 divid$ by fractional precipitation ) acetate ( magnesia & ! addition ( a little ammonia ) heat1 into two portions1 weigh+ #j4bef & #j4afd grammes1 & !y _h ! same melt+ po9t4 ,?is fat appe>s1 !re=e1 to be palmitic acid1 "o ( ! acids into :i* ,he9tz divid$ m>g>ic acid4 ,! cry/als deposit$ f alcohol d n at all resemble ^? ( m>g>ic acid1 b "u ! microscope are lamell>4 ,^! two fats 7 conv]t$ respectively1 by an excess ( nitrate ( silv]1 into silv] salts1 #jbdgbe gave #jjgd ,ag4 #biic p] c5t4 & #jadbge gave #jjdage ,ag4 #bibe p] c5t41 :i* corresponds to ! p]c5tage ( silv] 9 ! palmitate ( ?is base4 ,c#cb #aib4jj ,by calculation4 ,mean ( two ,exp]4 ,h#ca #ca4jj ,o#d #cb4jj ,ag4 #ajg4ig #bi4g #bi4e ------------ #cfb4ig ,!re is no d\bt1 !re=e1 ( ! pres5ce ( palmitic acid 9 ! fat ( human adipocire4 ,! second crop ( cry/als :i* fell f ! "m liquid ( ^? j exam9$1 conta9$ a fat melt+ at #fb1 9 all probability palmitic acid also4 ,a det]m9ation ( ! silv] ( ! salt ( ?is fat 0 lo/ 9 ! foll[+ curi\s mann]3 ,! silv] salt 0 9 lumps1 z x _h dri$ on ! filt]1 & aft] x _h /ood = a %ort "t at #ajj 9 a wat* glass1 ?9k+ to facilitate ! escape ( wat]1 by pulv]iz+ x 9 an agate-mort>1 x became s exce$+ly electric1 t ( ! :ole quantity ( silv] salt f #j4fea grammes ( fat1 ,i 0 n able to collect ! smalle/ portion = analysis2 :e!r ! p[d] 0 attempt$ to be remov$ by /eel1 plat9um1 glass1 a fea!r1 or pap]1 on ! fir/ t\* x flew into ! air1 & alight$ ^u ! table3 ,i h (t5 notic$ ?is behavi\r 9 organic silv] salts1 & p]haps x w\ld be wor? :ile to try :e!r "o ( !m c\ld n fav\rably replace ! amalgam on ! cu%ion ( ! electrical ma*9e4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5ts 7 made ^u ! alcoholic solution ( ! fats1 f :i* ! above portions ( palmitic acid 7 sep>at$4 ,en\gh alcohol 0 add$ to ?is solution to prev5t any fur!r deposit by /&+1 = :i*1 z 0 be=e /at$1 #cjj alcohol 7 requir$ = #ae fat4 ,its p]c5tage ( fat 0 det]m9$ by evaporat+ ! alcohol f a kn[n quantity1 & weigh+ ! residue2 ! melt+ po9t ( ?is fat 0 #fj4e to #fa4 ,?is melt+ po9t 0 aga9 det]m9$ aft] saponification1 to asc]ta9 :e!r a fatty e!r might n h be5 =m$1 & 0 f\nd to be ! same4 ,! alcoholic solution ( acetate ( magnesia 0 also titl$ s t ! necess>y quantity might be add$ to ! fat solution by measurem5t3 ! fat "u consid]ation %\ld be1 by ,he9tz's exp]im5t1 a mixture ( /e>ic & ! s call$ m>g>ic acids1 toge!r ) impurities4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! fractional precipitation by acetate ( magnesia1 ! alcoholic fatty solution 0 treat$ ) an excess ( acetate ( magnesia1 & an excess ( acetic acid 7aid$ by a little w>m?7 add$2 ! result+ liquid 0 !n evaporat$ ov] sulphuric acid 7remov+ ! cry/als z !y =m$7 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at effect ?is treatm5t w\ld h ^u ! melt+ po9ts4 ,on cool+1 a small quantity ( a p[d]y precipitate fell1 & aft] /&+ = a c\ple ( h\rs ov] sulphuric acid1 ! liquid cry/alliz$ r sudd5ly1 to plates or scales1 ! melt+ po9t ( :i*1 aft] treatm5t ) acid1 gave #fb2 recry/alliz$ f hot alcohol x melt$ at #fbe-fc4 ,transcrib]s note3 ,miss+ text4precipitate ! :ole1 0 add$2 to ! filtrate an excess ( ! magnesia solution 0 add$1 & ! fat rema9+ 9 ! filtrate f ?is precipitation 0 sep>at$1 z 0 also t ( ! o!r two precipitates4 ,! foll[+ results & melt+ po9ts are 9 _! ord] z det]m9$3 7a7 #jcea melts #fa 7b7 #jebg melts #fa 7c7 #jjhe melts #ec loss #jagc ---------- #a4acf grammes4 7a7 & 7b7 7 unit$1 dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 en\gh alcoholic solution ( acetate ( magnesia to precipitate ! half add$1 & aft] /&+ = a c\ple ( days1 ! precipitate 0 filt]$ (f1 & ammonia add$ to alkal9e reaction to ! filtrate4 ,! fir/ magnesia salt 0 transluc5t1 & fus$ by heat to a transp>5t liquid1 :i* by m heat gradually grew d>k]1 f9ally black1 & left a residue ( magnesia4 ,! melt+ po9t ( ! fat ( ?is sub/ance 0 z be=e1 #fa4 ,! second magnesia salt 0 :ite & amorph\s2 x pres5t$ ! same relations to heat z ! fir/1 & conta9$ a fat ( ! same melt+ po9t1 #fa4 ,^! fats 7 bo? brilliant :ite1 lamell>1 & ( r\gh surface4 ,! fir/ magnesia salt conta9$ a p] c5tage ( #gei ,mg,o 7#jbejbe gave #jjai7 & ! second conta9$ ab\t d\ble ! p] c5tage ( magnesia1 viz43 #adia2 = #jbh salt gave #jjdage magnesia by inc9]ation4 ,neutral palmitate ( magnesia ,c#cb1 ,h#ca1 ,o#c ,mg,o gives by calculation #gf p] c5t4 magnesia1 & basic palmitate ,c#cb1 ,h#ca1 ,o#c #b ,mg,o gives #adae magnesia1 :i* approa*es ! ne>e/ to ! magnesia salt ( ! above fatty acids4 ,! exp]im5ts ( fractional precipitation ( ! normal solution ( fat #f1 7 conduct$ 9 ! same mann]1 & ) ! foll[+ results1 9 :i* 7c7 & 7d7 repres5t ! fatty acids ( ! two magnesia salts1 & 7e7 t ( ! portion n precipitat$ by an excess ( acetate ( magnesia3 7c7 #jdgd melt pt4 #ei4e 7d7 #jddj melt pt4 #fa4e 7e7 #jcef melt pt4 #eh4e loss dur+ ! ex4 #jjaj ---------- #abhj grammes ( fat4 ,! magnesia salts f :i* ! fats 7c7 & 7d7 7 sep>at$1 gave z foll[s3--7c7 #jbbg gave #jjafge #gch p] c5t4 magnesia2 & 7d7 #jagce gave #jjab #fib magnesia4 ,on comp>+ ! melt+ po9ts ( ^! fats1 & mak+ all[ance = want ( a m p]fect sep>ation f impurities1 !re c be little d\bt t !y are neutral palmitates ( magnesia1 z 0 be=e asc]ta9$4 ,accord+ to ,he9tz 7,zoo*emie1 p4 #ajgb17 /e>ic acid is ,c#cf1 ,h#cf1 ,o#d1 & ! magnesia salt conta9s by calculation1 #fi p] c5t4 ( t base4 ,! =ego+ exp]im5ts ^u ! two specim5s ( human adipocire 7 int5d$ prelim9>y to a m ?or\gh rese>* into _! nature1 by ,he9tz's me?od2 b ?is process requires su* a l>ge quantity ( sub/ance 9 ord] to effect ! sep>ation ( small quantities ( :atev] new acid might be pres5t1 & ! am\nt ( mat]ial dw9dl$ s 9 ! _m necess>y cry/allizations f alcohol to sep>ate ! d>k-col\r$ impurities1 & especially1 s9ce ! det]m9ations & reactions already made1 7 s confirmatory ( :at has lately be5 done 9 work+ ^u ! solid fatty acids1 ,i pref]r$ plac+ aside ! sub/ances ?us obta9$ = a future exam9ation1 :5 ! sep>ation ( fatty acids %all h become m simplifi$1 z x mu/ be be=e long4 7c7 ,fossil adipocire ( ,bison ,am]icanus obta9$ f a metac>pal bone f ,big ,bone ,lick1 by ,dr4 ,leidy4--,x 0 a :ite p[d]1 & 9 pulv]izable lumps2 amorph\s "u ! microscope2 ) a talcose feel1 & ( d5sity a little bel[ #jhcfe1 s9ce x b>ely swims ^u alcohol ( t /r5g?1 :ile x s9ks 9 absolute alcohol4 ,wat] w n wet x2 ) ! addition ( hydro*loric acid & heat1 x is sep>at$ )\t eff]vesc5ce1 into a m9]al solution1 & into an oil :i* solidifies on cool+ to a ne>ly :ite fat1 a small portion ( :i* melt$ on a glass slide solidifies to a confus$ly cry/all9e mass2 a small quantity treat$ 9 ! same way ) absolute alcohol1 cry/allizes 9 plumose & d5dritic cry/als1 l m>g>ic acid4 ,a portion ( ! adipocire boil$ ) absolute alcohol1 yields b a m9ute quantity to ! solv5t1 & t n ( a fatty nature1 %[+ t ! fatty acid is :olly saponifi$ ) an e>?y base4 ,! :ole quantity ( adipocire weigh$ #jihf grammes4 #jafcbe heat$ 9 a plat9um crucible1 fuses1 burn+ ) a smoky flame & ) ! smell ( fatty acid1 b no acrole9e1 leav+ #jjafe or #aja p] c5t4 ( a p]fectly :ite a%1 :i* hydro*loric acid almo/ p]fectly dissolves )\t eff]vesc5ce1 & :i* consi/s almo/ entirely ( lime1 ) a few m9ute specks ( oxide ( iron 7se5 dur+ ! action ( ! hydro*loric acid17 & a c\ple ( small gra9s ( s&3 !re is a v small trace ( phosphoric acid pres5t4 ,! great] portion ( ! adipocire1 #jgaf grammes1 0 decompos$ by hydro*loric acid & wat]1 by ! aid ( heat3 ! decomposition took place ) a /rong smell ( rancid tall[1 & ! fundam5tal smell obs]v$ 9 all adipocire 0 emitt$4 ,x 0 melt$ & wa%$ sev]al times1 at fir/ ) acidulat$ & f9ally ) pure wat]4 ,! wat] f ! wa%+1 :5 evaporat$1 gave a c]ta9 quantity ( br[ni% yell[ col\r+ matt]4 ,! fat 0 melt$ 9 ! capsule 9 :i* ! precipitation took place1 & weigh$ #jfah or #hfca p] c5t4 ( ! adipocire2 :5 melt$1 a d>k floccul5t humus-l precipitate 0 se52 ! fat itself 0 yell[i%1 & ( a flat1 waxy 7"h & !re w>ty7 surface4 ,x melt$ at #ea4 ,! adipocire !re=e appe>s to be a lime soap ( "o ( ! fatty acids1 ) a trace ( phosphate ( lime & ) floccul5t organic matt]1 or 9 p] c5tage approximately1 ,fatty acids & a little col\r+ matt]1 #hfca ,lime & a trace ( phosphate1 #ajaj ,floccul5t organic matt]1 #cei ------------ #ajj4jj ,if ! organic matt] be neglect$ & ! p] c5tage !n calculat$1 we w h1 ,fatty acids1 #hie ,lime1 #aje ---------- #ajjj ,n[ ,/e>ate1 ,m>g>ate & ,palmitate ( ,lime1 respectively conta9 a p] c5tage ( #ic-ig----ajb1 ( lime1 s x is reasonable to suppose 7z !re is no?+ 9 its reaction contr>y1 b ev]y?+ fav\rable to ?is supposition7 t ! fossil adipocire is a neutral lime soap ( ! usual fatty acids ( tall[4 ,exp]im5ts ^u ! decomposition ( muscul> fibre 7bullock's he>t7 ) wat]1 ) a view to ! =mation ( adipocire4 ,a portion ( raw1 & "o ( boil$ muscul> fibre f bullock's he>t1 7 on ,m>* #h?1 #ahed1 plac$ ) wat] ^u a microscope slide1 & cov]$ ) ?9 glass1 :i* 0 clos$ ) seal+ wax ar\nd ! edge to prev5t evaporation4 ,?is 0 repeat$ly obs]v$ dur+ ! ye>1 & ! att5tion 0 direct$ at times to p>ticul> fibres ! bett] to wat* any *ange4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! exp]im5t1 ! cross-m>k+s ( ! fibre 7 di/9ct & ! fibre itself 0 ( a delicate rose-col\r4 ,i f9d 9 my notes ( ,april #h?1 & ,may #aa?1 t no *ange pres5t$ itself 9 ei!r ! raw or 9 ! boil$ fibre1 except t ! cross-m>k+s 7 m di/9ct4 ,on ,decemb] #f?1 #ahed1 b v little *ange 0 notic$1 7! raw fibre 0 :it]17 ! cross-m>k+s 9 bo? 7 m di/9ct ?an ev]2 by high p[]s an amorph\s precipitate 0 discov]$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "s ( ! fibres--ab\t "o ?ird ( ! wat] _h evaporat$4 ,a4 ,on ,novemb] #ad?1 #ahec1 #ajj grammes ( *eese 7 plac$ 9 a loosely /opp]$ bottle1 & cov]$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 a portion ( ! same *eese be+ res]v$ = comp>ison3 ! wat] 0 r5ew$ z x evaporat$4 ,ba4 ,on ,novemb] #ai?1 #ahec1 "o half ( a bullock's he>t1 weigh+ #fgc grammes1 0 plac$1 cov]$ ) ,s*uylkill wat]1 9 a wide-m\!d /opp]$ bottle4 ,bb4 ,! rema9+ half ( ! he>t1 weigh+ #haf grammes1 0 cov]$ ) m9]al wat] ) lemon syrup4 ,x 0 int5d$ to use pla9 m9]al wat] 9 ?is exp]im5t1 t is1 ,s*uylkill wat] saturat$ ) c>bonic acid1 b ! =m] 0 s5t by a mi/ake1 :i* 0 n discov]$ until too late4 ,9 ^! cases ! fat 0 p>tially remov$ f ! he>t1 b n to any great ext5t4 ,c4 ,boil$ six eggs1 remov$ ! %ells f two1 :i* weigh$ !n #hh grammes2 ran p9-holes to ! c5tre 9 two1 :i* weigh$ #ig grammes1 & left ! %ells ^u ! rema9+ two1 :i* weigh$ #if grammes2 ^! 7 toge!r plac$ 9 a glass-/opp]$ bottle1 & cov]$ ) wat]4 ,^! diff]5t sub/ances did n delay to decompose & give out (f5sive od\rs1 & ! eggs especially ma9ta9$ _! prov]bial "* 9 ?is respect2 9 fact1 on ! approa* ( ! *ol]a season ,i 0 oblig$ to place ! bottle ( eggs on a plate1 cov] x ) a l>ge inv]t$ beak] glass1 & heap ! rim ( ! beak] ) hypo*lorite ( lime4 ,) reg>d to ! he>t1 ! cont5ts ( ! bottle conta9+ m9]al wat]1 z might be expect$1 pres]v$ _! lively r$ col\r = a long] "t ?an 9 ! case ( ! bottles conta9+ riv] wat]4 ,! appe>ance ( ^! bottles1 on ,decemb] #ac?1 #ahed1 0 z foll[s3-- ,! *eese ,a 0 conv]t$ into a :ite1 ?ick1 grum\s mass1 light] ?an wat]1 & :i* :5 dilut$ ) a little wat]1 pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( pus2 "u ! microscope ) mod]ate p[]1 angul> transp>5t fragm5ts con/itut$ ! pr9cipal "p1 & among ^!1 pol>iz$ light %[$ _m brok5 blade-%ap$ cry/als )\t a play ( col\rs2 a few globules ( oil 7 also se54 ,! mat]ial ,a 0 remov$ to a glass-/opp]$ bottle1 m wat] add$1 & 0 set aside4 ,a portion ( ! *eese us$ 9 ?is exp]im5t _h be5 pres]v$ 9 pap]2 x 0 f\nd h>d1 & on ! surface oily4 ,x 0 plac$ aside 9 a cork-/opp]$ bottle4 ,b4 ,! bullock's he>t _h be5 s divid$1 t ea* half conta9$ an auricle & v5tricle1 :i* 7 plac$ 9 ! bottles1 7a7 ) wat]1 7b7 ) c>bonic acid wat]4 ,! appe>ance ( ! cont5ts ( ^! bottles at pres5t is simil>1 ?\gh 7a7 seems to be m dis9tegrat$4 ,9 bo? ( ^!1 ! cavities & valves ( ! he>t ma9ta91 9 a measure1 _! =m1 & ! *ord t5d9e are 9 p]fect pres]vation3 ! s]\s cov]+ ( ! he>t is consi/5t2 & 9 7b7 x is1 9 p>ts1 q black f sulphuret ( iron4 ,! fluid 9 bo? bottles reacts /rongly alkal9e2 :5 ! mass ( ! he>t is cut op51 ! muscul> fibre appe>s ( a dirty1 yell[i%-r$ col\r1 & :5 exam9$ "u ! microscope1 %[s ! fibre1 b )\t any ( ! cross-m>k+s 9 7b74 ,9 7a71 :i* 0 m dis9tegrat$1 by ! addition ( wat] & a p[] ( #gjj diamet]s1 ! fibre c\ld be se5 brok5 9 small portions1 & giv+ evid5t traces ( bo? longitud9al & cross-break+ up ( ! s>c\s sub/ance4 ,! fibres ( 7a71 treat$ ) hot & cold alcohol ev9c$ no *ange2 ) hot acetic acid !y %runk 9 dim5sions4 ,! weight ( 7a7 dripp+ ) liquid 0 #ccj grammes1 t ( 7b7 #bge grammes4 ,c4 ,! ,eggs4--,! wat] 0 /rongly alkal9e2 ! %ell$ eggs 7 se5 9 brok51 yell[i%-:ite lumps1 & a ?ick deposit at ! bottom ( ! bottle1 gave no evid5ce ( cry/allization "u ! microscope ) pol>iz$ light4 ,! liquid f ! eggs & f ! two he>t exp]im5ts emitt$ r a disagreeable od\r1 :i* 0 m+l$ ) an aldehyde smell4 ,z decomposition _h n advanc$ to its full ext5t 9 ^! bottles1 ,i pref]r$ sett+ !m aside = a future rese>*1 :5 bo? ! solid & ! liquid cont5ts w be exam9$4 ,braconnot's#h analysis ( bullock's he>t is z foll[s3-- ,wat]1 #ggjc ,fibr9e1 cellul> tissue1 n]ves1 vessels1 #agah ,album5 & col\r+ matt] ( ! blood1 #bgj ,alcoholic extract & salts1 #aid ,aque\s extract & salts1 #aae ------------ #ajjjj ,,artificial ,,=mation ,,( ,,adipocire4 ,on ,decemb] #h?1 #ahec1 a bullock's he>t weigh+ #abdj grammes1 )\t remov+ its fat1 0 buri$ 9 s& 9 an inv]t$ tubulat$ receiv] held 9 a retort /&1 & s plac$ aga9/ ! glass t a portion ( x c\ld be se53 a res]voir ( wat] 0 plac$ above ! receiv]1 & ?is wat] 0 suff]$ to fall1 drop by drop1 ^u ! s& by means ( a syphon ( lamp-wick4 ,! wat] 0 remov$ :5 necess>y1 & ! *anges appe>+ 9 ! he>t obs]v$4 ,^! *anges 7 ! same z 9 ! case ( ! bottl$ exp]im5ts2 x began soon to deep5 9 col\r1 & on ,may #aa?1 #ahed1 0 q d>k1 :ile ! liquid fall+ f ! receiv] conta9$ a black amorph\s precipitate1 :i* is probably1 f ,liebig's obs]vation ( a simil> case1 sulphuret ( iron4 ,a deep zone ( gre5 vegetable p>asitic matt] 0 visible ar\nd ! inside ( ! receiv]1 comm5c+ )9 half ( an in* above ! position ( ! he>t :]e x 0 deepe/ 9 col\r1 & !nce dim9i%+ z x approa*$ ! surface ( ! s&4 ,on ,june #g?1 ! he>t 0 remov$ & dissect$ = ! purpose ( view+ ! ext5t ( ! decomposition3 x ma9ta9$ its orig9al =m1 b 0 l>g]2 ! sep>ation ( ! *amb]s 0 app>5t2 ! valves pres5t & ! *ord t5d9e 9 a p]fect /ate2 ! great] "p ( ! fle%y walls ( ! he>t 0 p9ki%1 s(t1 ( ! consi/5ce ( l>d1 ( putrid smell1 & "u ! microscope 7#gjj ,d17 pres5t$ an amorph\s mass1 m+l$ ) fragm5ts ( cross$ muscul> fibre4 ,x 0 n 9 z advanc$ a /age ( decomposition z ! bottl$ he>ts ( ,decemb] #ac?1 #ahed4 ,! fat :i* 0 purposely left ar\nd ! coron>y vessels1 0 h>d1 :ite1 & ( an appe>ance approa*+ t ( adipocire4 ,! he>t 0 return$ to ! vessel & ! exp]im5t cont9u$4 ,on my return to ! city1 aft] an abs5ce 9 ! summ] "t1 ,i f\nd t ! wat] res]voir & lamp wick _h fulfill$ _! duty1 = ! s& 0 /ill moi/4 ,on ,decemb] #i?1 #ahed1 ! exp]im5t 0 conclud$1 & ! he>t remov$ f ! s& & wa%$4 ,x 0 9 two pieces1 & weigh$1 :5 /ill wet1 #bai grammes3 aft] dry+ 9 ! air = five days x weigh$ #ajg grammes1 or #hf p] c5t4 ( ! orig9al weight1 & 0 /ill moi/4 ,?is 0 pr9cipally ! fat f ar\nd ! coron>y vessels1 ! impressions ( :i* 7 on x2 ! t5d9\s *ords ( ! valves 7 p]fect1 & ! valves !mselves 7 indicat$4 ,! smell 0 decid$ly tall[i%1 ) ! /rong smell ,i h describ$ z adipocire smell1 & ) ! smell ( e>? worms2 all ( ^! od\rs 7 pla91 & sugge/$ !mselves at once to ! m9d4 ,! fat 0 h>d1 & resembl$ exactly adipocire2 x pres5t$ a diff]5t appe>ance 9 two diff]5t places3 "o portion 0 h>d & compact1 9 "s p>ts d5s]1 9 o!rs light] ?an wat]1 & appe>$ granul> "u ! microscope1 l ! specim5s ( adipocire already describ$3 ! o!r portion 0 ( a m butt]y nature1 & ( ab\t ! d5sity #jhcfe4 ,nei!r ( ^! specim5s gave any traces ( fat globules ) ! microscope1 b conta9$ aggregations ( :ite angul> fatty matt]1 ( ne>ly ! same size1 & ab\t "o f\r? ! diamet] ( fat globules4 ,) e!r ! fat disappe>$1 & left %runk5 membran\s matt]1 :i* aft] ! evaporation ( ! e!r & treatm5t ) acetic acid1 became1 = ! mo/ "p1 transp>5t4 ,a comp>ative exp]im5t ) beef fat gave simil> results1 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! mo/ ( ?is matt] proce$s f ! fat cells1#i & _! accompany+ cellul> tissue4 ,on cutt+ ?r\gh ! ?icke/ portion ( ?is adipocire1 ! fat 0 ( a pure :ite col\r1 & c\ld n be di/+ui%$ f adipocire2 9 "s portions x 0 ne>ly an in* 9 ?ickness1 & at fir/ sight c]ta9ly gave ! impression t ! fle%y walls ( ! he>t 7 conv]t$ into fat2 b on clos] inspection1 ?is seem$ to me improbable4 ,! lumps ( adipocire 7 ?icke/ at ! top ( ! he>t1 & j :]e 7 ! lumps ( fat 9 :i* ! coron>y vessels 7 imb$d$2 moreov]1 x 0 ! mo/ l adipocire 9 ! c5tre ( ^? v portions ( fat4 ,i obta9$ ! approximate d5sity ( ! adipocire ( ?is "p1 by dilut+ alcohol ) wat]1 until ! adipocire j swam half way betwe5 ! surface & ! bottom ( ! liquid1 & f\nd x to be #jhijb1 :i* is by exp]im5t l[] ?an t ( ox fat4 ,inde$1 z w\ld a priori seem probable1 ! fat1 by ! gases evolv$ dur+ ! putrefaction ( ! prote9e bodies1 is r5d]$ m por\s1 & ( a l[] specific gravity1 :i* deceives ! eye1 & makes ! mass ( fat to appe> great] ?an x really is4 ,an a% det]m9ation ( ?is "p ( ! adipocire p]=m$ ^u #adga grammes1 yield$ #jjjae1 equal to #jajb p] c5t4 ( a r$di% a%1 conta9+ iron4 ,no acrole9e 0 obs]v$ dur+ ?is exp]im5t1 & no o!r ?an ! *>act]i/ic adipocire smell1 :i* proves ! abs5ce ( glyc]9e1 & t ! fatty acids are uncomb9$4 ,ox fat 7#bjfi7 gave 7#jjja1 or7 a p] c5tage ( #jjdh :ite a%4 ,! iron ( ! =m] proce$s probably f ! hmat9e 9 ! he>t4 ,^! a%es are too small 9 quantity1 to arrive at any satisfactory result 9 asc]ta9+ ! nature ( _! compon5t p>ts2 !y appe>$ by a few te/s to conta9 pr9cipally lime1 & soda & pota% 7 detect$ by ,smi?'s te/4 ,! melt+ po9t ( ! above portion ( adipocire 0 ab\t #dg1 b at #eb ! fat /ill conta9$ a fa9t precipitate4 ,! adipocire1 on ,febru>y #c;d1 #ahee1 until :i* "t x _h be5 kept 9 a loosely /opp]$ bottle1 weigh$ #ig grammes1 :i* is #gh p] c5t4 ( ! orig9al he>t4 ,f #ia grammes ! fat 0 sep>at$ by boil+ x ) #cag alcohol1 filt]+ hot1 press+ p[]fully1 & weigh+ ! residue2 ! latt] 0 bulky1 & weigh$ #dja1 correspond+ to #dd p] c5t4 ( ! adipocire1 :i* conta9s1 consequ5tly1 only #ff p] c5t4 ( fat4 ,if ! p] c5tage ( fat be calculat$ f ! orig9al weight ( ! he>t1 x am\nts to only #dd1 :i* is und\bt$ly less ?an 0 orig9ally 9 ! he>t1 s t1 s f> f !re be+ a ga9 ( fat 9 ! =mation ( ! adipocire1 !re 0 actually a loss1 :i* accords ) ! bottle exp]im5ts4 ,! alcoholic solution deposit$ #afb grammes ( a r d>k fat1 :i* 0 recry/alliz$ f #cfh grammes ( alcohol1 & yield$ #aa grammes ( a light] fat4 ,i 0 desir\s ( reta9+ a great] portion ( ?is fat = future exp]im5ts1 & )\t proce$+ to purify x fur!r1 obta9$ its equival5t4 ,x melt$ betwe5 #fi-gj1 did n cry/allize pla9ly f alcohol1 ) :i* x behav$ l /e>ic acid3 a neutral silv] salt1 deep5$ 9 col\r consid]ably :5 dri$ at #ajj1 & gave only #bjei & #bjfh p] c5t4 ( silv]4 ,z decomposition _h evid5tly tak5 place 9 ?is salt1 ! b>yta comp\nd 0 prep>$ by add+ acetate ( b>yta to ! alcoholic solution4 ,! b>yta 0 det]m9$ bo? z c>bonate & by conv]t+ into sulphate2 !re 0 no diff]5ce 9 ! two results2 ! b>yta ( ! c>bonate 0 #jagja1 & t ( ! sulphate 0 #jagjj1 :i* corresponds to a p] c5tage ( #aife--/e>ic acid 7,he9tz7 requires #bagf p] c5t41 & palmitic acid #bcfb p] c5t4 ( b>yta = ! neutral salts4 ,i h no d\bt t a fur!r purification w %[ ?is to be /e>ic acid1 z might be expect$ f ! orig9al fat ( ! he>t4 ,i am n desir\s ( claim+ = ^! exp]im5ts a great] importance ?an !y des]ve1 nor any b t ! exp]im5ts 7 c>efully p]=m$3 !y 7 ext5d$ ov] ! great] "p ( a ye>1 dur+ :i* my att5tion has be5 p>ticul>ly direct$ to ?is subject4 ,:5 ! inve/igation 0 comm5c$1 ,i 0 incl9$ to ! belief t adipocire 0 a result ( ! decomposition ( ! blood-=m+ sub/ances1 & ?is1 pr9cipally1 f ! exp]im5ts ( ,blondeau 7see fir/ "p ( ?is article7 :i* ,i h n se5 refut$1 & p>tly f ! te/imony ( ^? :o h _h opportunities ( obs]v+ ! =mation ( adipocire1 & :o h /at$ t fle%y p>ts ( ! body are :olly conv]t$ into x4 ,! =mation ( ! l[] t]ms ( ! s]ies ( fatty acids f prote9e bodies =bids ma9ta9+ t ?is is impossible2 b f :at ,i h se51 & on weigh+ ! evid5ce ( :at ,i h read1 my impression is1 t adipocire proce$s f ! orig9al fat ( ! body4 ,x appe>s to foll[ f ! =ego+ exp]im5ts1 t ! high] memb]s ( ! s]ies ( fatty acids d n result f ! putrefaction ( prote9e comp\nds2 at lea/ f su* putrefaction z is accompani$ by exclusion ( air4 ,fle% fibr9e ) re/riction ( air does n putrefy z rapidly z w\ld be suppos$1 accord+ to ! exp]im5t1 :]e a portion 0 seal$ ) wat] on a microscope slide2 ! air "h 0 n absolutely exclud$1 s9ce a p>tial evaporation ( ! wat] took place4 ,x is true t ! am\nt ( wat] 9 ?is exp]im5t 0 small1 9 proportion to ! fibr9e1 & x appe>s t mu* wat] is necess>y to su* decomposition1 & :i* supports ,liebig's !ory ( ! motion ( ! molecules4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts ( ! bottles & ( ! s&1 ! decomposition 0 se5 to take place gradually2 ! s>c\s elem5t ( ! fle% fibr9e sep>at$ into discs1 & ^! 7 by degrees resolv$ into _! simpl] comp\nds1 :i* ei!r rema9$ z liquids or gases 9 solution 9 ! bottles1 or 7 c>ri$ (f by ! dropp+s 9 ! s& exp]im5t4 ,! orig9al fat ( ! body1 accord+ to circum/ances1 ei!r p>takes ( ?is decomposition1 or else1 los+ its glyc]9e & mo/ ( its oleic acid1 becomes gradually conv]t$ into adipocire4 ,9 "s bodies 9 ! grave y>ds ! fat is totally gone1 :ile 9 o!rs l>ge quantities ( adipocire are =m$4 ,x is sugge/ive t 9 all cases :]e adipocire has be5 f\nd1 ! corpse 0 ( a l>ge & fat p]son1 & ?is abundance ( fat resi/s an ultimate decomposition4 ,analyses by ,beetz ( c&les :i* _h rema9$ = a hundr$ ye>s 9 a m9e1 prove t ! only alt]ation und]gone by fats :5 alone1 is de/ruction ( _! ole9e & glyc]9e4 ,9 ! bottles ( my exp]im5ts no adipocire 0 =m$1 al?\gh ! fat ( ! coron>y vessels 0 only p>tially remov$2 ?is may be acc\nt$ = on ! gr\nd t ! fat1 :i* 0 small 9 quantity1 0 "h kept 9 close contact ) ! decompos+ fibr9e1 & suff]$ ) x decomposition1 :]eas 9 ! s& exp]im5t1 ?is c\ld only take place to a less degree4 ,9 grave y>ds1 if ! proportion ( fle% to fat be l>ge1 & especially if ! gr\nd be ( su* a nature z to prev5t ! decompos$ matt] be+ c>ri$ (f1 z by dra9+1 adipocire _c be =m$1 b ! fat und]goes full decomposition4 ,! fact t 9 adipocire f diff]5t animals1 ! same sub/ances are f\nd accompany+ ! orig9al fat ( ! animal1 z ! goat-l or mutton smell 9 %eep1 & ! tall[ smell ( ! fossil adipocire1 is sugge/ive1 & %\ld %ift ! burd5 ( exp]im5tal pro( ^u ^? :o ma9ta9 ! =mation ( ?is sub/ance f fibr9e4 ,! microscopic exp]im5ts militate aga9/ ! trans=mation f fibr9e4 ,^? t believe 9 ?is *ange ?9k to h pro( f ! %ape1 z x 71 ( c]ta9 muscles trans=m$ into fat2 b fibr9e does n require to lose mu* sub/ance 9 ! %ape ( ammonia1 c41 = ?is trans=mation1 & !re w\ld n be1 !re=e1 a great di/urbance 9 ! %ape ( ! fibres ( muscle2 at any rate1 x w\ld be reasonable to expect1 t ) ! microscope1 traces ( an arrangem5t ( ! fatty p>ticles into fibres or r[s w\ld "h & !re be se51 b ?is is n ! case1 & ! appe>ance is t ( fat p>ticles ( equal size among !mselves1 & ( a diamet] "o-f\r? t ( ! orig9al fat globules1 & inde$ pres5t+ all ! appe>ances to be expect$ f a mass ( fat und]go+ alt]ation f ! decomposition ( its ole9e & glyc]9e2 & f9ally 9 ! exp]im5t :]e adipocire 0 artificially =m$1 no ga9 ( fat 0 obs]v$1 b a loss ( :at 0 purposely left ^u ! specim5 "u exam9ation4 ,i %all delay an exam9ation ( ! products 9 my h&s1 until ! sep>ation ( ! fatty acids is improv$4 ,x w\ld be easy en\gh ) ! pres5t me?ods to isolate ! two pr9cipal con/itu5ts ( ! fatty acids f ! mat]ial 9 h&2 b small quantities ( new products w\ld inevitably escape obs]vation4 ,! desid]ata 9 work+ ! fatty acids at pres5t1 are1 ,fir/1 sep>ation ( ! oleic acid1 )\t too mu* loss ( sub/ance4 ,second1 a less circuit\s me?od ( sep>at+ ! fatty acids ?an by ,he9tz's me?od1 :i* r5d]s difficult ! isolation ( small quantities ( a diff]5t acid1 z %[n by 8 mi/ake ( an?ropic acid4 ,x is probable t a cry/allization ( salts 7especially ) a base ( a high equival5t7 w\ld effect ?is purpose1 = 9 cry/allization1 o!r comp\nds & impurities are conc5trat$ 9 ! "m liquids1 :ile 9 fractional precipitation1 9 ! pres5t case1 an inf9ite subdivision seems to take place1 requir+ _m /eps to accompli% a suffici5t purification2 & brilliant z ,he9tz's results are1 consid]able lab\r 0 requir$ to arrive at !m4 ,he9tz's process ( p>tial precipitation 0 f\nd$ ^u ! me?od ( fractional di/illation1 propos$ by ,liebig = ! sep>ation ( ! l[] memb]s ( ! s]ies ( fatty acids2 9 ! latt] case pres5ce ( an alkal9e c>bonate1 9 quantity insuffici5t to saturate ! mix$ acids1 alt]s _! volatility1 :ile 9 ! =m]1 pres5ce ( a salt 9 insuffici5t quantity = p]fect decomposition *anges ! relations ( solubility ( ! salt =m$1 & x does n necess>ily foll[ t ! *emical aff9ity1 active 9 bo? cases1 w af=d z exp$iti\s a me?od 9 cases ( solubility z 9 ^? ( volatility4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,liebig ?9ks ?is probable4 ,*4 ,briefe4 #b ,! degrees ( !rmomet] 9 ?is article are c5tigrade1 & ! weights grammes4 #c ,lehmann1 ,lehrbu*4 #d ,lehrbu*1 ,,iii4 p4 #ahg4 #e ,lehmann4 #f ,! liquid f ,no4 #c 0 all absorb$ by ! press+ clo?s1 & n collect$4 #g ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 ,i h receiv$ ! ,j\rnal fr ,pract4 ,*emic41 ,heft ,,iii4 ,b& ,,lxiii4 9 :i* "s late results by ,he9tz on ?is po9t are communicat$4 ,he artificially prep>$ *emically pure /e>9e f ! acid & glyc]9e1 by ,b]!lot's process1 & f\nd t x _h two melt+ po9ts1 fir/ at #ee1 !n solidify+ & melt+ aga9 :5 ! heat rea*$ #ga4f4 #h ,ann4 de ,*4 de ,ph41 xvii4 p4 #cij4 #i ,see ,kollik]1 ,mic4 ,anat41 ,,ii4 #a/ ,"p1 page #af4