,illu/ration ,,! ,,high] ,,education ,,( ,,wom5 ,,alex&] ,,/rahan1 ,,publi%] ,,london1 #adh ,/r& ,,new ,,york1 #agh ,gr& ,/reet ,,! ,,high] ,,education ,,( ,,wom5 ,,by ,,emily ,,davies ,illu/ration ,,alex&] ,,/rahan1 ,,publi%] ,,london ,,& ,,new ,,york #ahff ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,introductory1 #g ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,ideals1 #af ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,?+s ,,z ,,!y ,,are1 #ch ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,?+s ,,z ,,!y ,,might ,,be1 #gb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pr(essional ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,life1 #ih ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,specific ,,sugge/ions1 #acj ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,conclusion1 #afd ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,9 any inquiry ( a practical nature1 int5d$ to lead to "s def9ite c\rse ( action1 x is obvi\sly necess>y to />t ) a tol]ably cle> idea ( ! end 9 view--! object = :i* x is propos$ to provide4 ,9 ! case ( education1 def9itions m or less satisfactory h already s (t5 be5 giv51 t x might seem sup]flu\s to g into ! "q aga94 ,z a matt] ( practice1 h[ev]1 x is f\nd t1 :5 x is attempt$ to apply ! receiv$ def9itions ( ! g5]al objects ( education to ! case ( wom51 !y are usually que/ion$ or modifi$1 if n altoge!r set aside4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ,mr ,maurice tells u t #8! end ( education itself is1 z x has always be5 consid]$1 to =m a nation ( liv+1 ord]ly m51' ! def9ition w be accept$1 ) ! tacit res]vation t x applies only to m51 9 ! exclusive s5se ( ! ^w1 & has no?+ to d ) ! education ( wom54 ,aga91 :5 ,milton1 9 8 treatise on ,education1 lays d[n t ! end ( le>n+ is #8to repair ! ru9 ( our fir/ p>5ts by rega9+ to "k ,god aright1 & out ( t k to love ,him1 to imitate ,him1 to be l ,him1' ! language might be tak5 9 a g5]al s5se2 & :5 he goes on to def9e a complete & g5]\s education z #8t :i* fits a man to p]=m ju/ly1 skilfully1 & magnanim\sly all ! (fices1 bo? private & public1 ( peace & w>1' ! words might /ill1 p]haps1 be> a common int]pretation2 b z soon z he comes to describ+ 9 detail1 #8h[ all ?is may be done betwe5 twelve & "o-&-tw5ty1' x becomes evid5t t he is ?9k+ ( boys only4 ,9 ! mo/ rec5t writ]s1 ! t5d5cy to reg>d g5]al !ories ( education z apply+ exclusively to t ( m51 is q z /rongly m>k$4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t 9 attempt+ to treat ( female education1 x is necess>y once m to ask :at we are aim+ at1 & to obta91 if possible1 a cle> und]/&+ & agreem5t z to ! end 9 view4 ,:at ought ! educators ( girls to be try+ to make ( !m8 ,:at is ! ideal t[>ds :i* !y ought to direct _! ef=ts1 ! end to be desir$ z ! result ( _! lab\rs8 ,to ^! que/ions we %all probably receive "o or o!r ( two answ]s4 ,_m p]sons w reply1 )\t hesitation1 t ! "o object to be aim$ at1 ! ideal to be /riv5 aft]1 9 ! education ( wom51 is to make good wives & mo!rs4 ,& ! answ] is a reasonable "o1 s f> z x goes1 & ) explanations4 ,cle>ly1 no education w\ld be good :i* did n t5d to make good wives & mo!rs2 & t :i* produces ! be/ wives & mo!rs is likely to be ! be/ possible education4 ,b1 hav+ made ?is admission1 x is necess>y to po9t out t an education ( :i* ! aim is ?us limit$1 is likely to fail 9 t aim4 ,t ?is is s w appe> :5 ! def9ition is transf]r$ to ! education ( m54 ,x w be admitt$ t a sy/em ( education :i* %\ld produce bad husb&s & fa!rs w\ld prove itself to be bad2 & an education :i* produces ! be/ husb&s & fa!rs is likely to be 9 all respects ! be/2 because ! be/ man 9 any capacity mu/ be ! man :o c measure mo/ accurately ! proportion ( all 8 duties & claims1 giv+ to ea* its due %>e ( 8 "t & en]gy4 ,a man w n be ! bett] husb& & fa!r = neglect+ 8 obligations z a citiz51 or z a man ( bus9ess4 ,nor w a woman be ! bett] wife or "m ?r\gh ignorance or disreg>d ( o!r responsibilities4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a view ( male education :i*1 hav+ worldly advancem5t = its ultimate object1 reg>ds x exclusively z a means ( acquir+ pr(essional dext]ity2 b su* a conception ( ! purposes ( education--h[ev] legitimate1 9 a limit$ & subord9ate s5se--:5 elevat$ into ! position ( ! f9al goal1 mu/ be look$ ^u r z a lapse f a high] /&>d1 ?an z a pr9ciple delib]ately ma9ta9$ by any high-m9d$ & ?\ghtful p]son4 ,9 dis9t]e/$ s*emes ( male education1 x is usually assum$1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t ! great object is to make ! be/ ( a man 9 e respect1 leav+ him to adapt himself to specific relations1 accord+ to ! /ate ( life into :i* x %all please ,god to call him4 ,a simil> idea seems to und]lie ! o!r1 & m compreh5sive reply1 :i* w probably be giv5 to our inquiry1 namely1 t ! object ( female education is to produce wom5 ( ! be/ & highe/ type1 n limit$ by exclusive reg>d to any specific functions h]eaft] to be dis*>g$ by !m4 ,?is answ] at once br+s d[n ^u u ! t]rible "q1 ,:at is ! be/ & highe/ type ( woman8 ,& z ?is "q lies at ! root ( ! :ole matt]1 x _c be pass$ by4 ,_m p1 inde$1 talk z if x 0 a matt] on :i* ! _w _h long s9ce made up its m9d1 & :i* might be assum$ to be already decid$4 ,b :5 we ask :at x is t ! _w has decid$1 x is difficult to obta9 any?+ l a cle> & unanim\s answ]4 ,! ideal diff]s n only among diff]5t races1 & 9 diff]5t ages1 b mo/ widely 9 our own c\ntry1 & 9 mod]n times4 ,unanimity is sc>cely to be f\nd 9 any class ( writ]s or ?9k]s1 ?\gh on ?is po9t1 ( all o!rs1 "s sort ( agreem5t1 at lea/ betwe5 p>5ts & tea*]s1 w\ld seem to be mo/ ess5tial4 ,x may p]haps be ( s]vice1 z a /ep t[>ds a mutual und]/&+1 to exam9e1 ?\gh necess>ily 9 a v imp]fect & cursory mann]1 "s ( ! mo/ commonly receiv$ notions curr5t on ! subject4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,ideals4 ,!re is a !ory afloat1 ext5sively preval5t1 & probably influ5c+ _m p]sons :o h nev] /at$ x def9itely to !mselves1 t ! human ideal is compos$ ( two elem5ts1 ! male & ! female1 ea* requir+ ! o!r z its complem5t2 & t ! realisation ( ?is ideal is to be f\nd 9 no s+le human be+1 man or woman1 b 9 ! union ( individuals by m>riage1 or by "s sort ( vague m>riage ( ! :ole race4 ,! conception ( "* :i* re/s on ! broad basis ( a common humanity falls into ! backgr\nd1 & !re is sub/itut$ = x a dual !ory1 ) di/9ctly diff]5t =ms ( male & female excell5ce4 ,p]sons :o take ?is view are naturally gov]n$ by x 9 _! conceptions ( :at wom5 ought to be4 ,hav+ fram$ a m or less def9ite idea ( ! mascul9e "*1 9 con/ruct+ ! fem99e helpmeet !y look out1 if n = ! directly opposite1 = :at !y w\ld call ! complem5t>y qualities1 & ! conclusion quickly foll[s1 t :atev] is manly mu/ be unwomanly1 & vice v]s4 ,! advocates ( ?is view usually hold 9 connexion ) x c]ta9 doctr9es1 su* z1 t ! man is int5d$ = ! _w1 woman = ! home2 man's /r5g? is 9 ! head1 woman's 9 ! he>t2 ! man's function is to protect1 woman's to soo! & com=t2 m5 mu/ "w1 & wom5 mu/ weep3 ev]y:]e we are to h a %>ply m>k$ division1 (t5 hone/ly mi/ak5 = ! highe/ & mo/ real communion4 ,closely connect$ ) ^! sep>ati/ doctr9es is ! d\ble moral code1 ) its mascul9e & fem99e virtues1 & its sep>ate law ( duty & hon\r = ei!r sex4 ,! g5]al acceptance ( ! !ory is n surpris+4 ,x gratifies ! logical in/9ct2 & _m p]sons1 ha/ily tak+ = grant$ t x is ! only conception ( ! relations betwe5 m5 & wom5 :i* recognises real di/9ctions1 assume x to be ! only "o :i* satisfies ! crav+ ( ! /hetic s5se = h>mony & fitness4 ,un=tunately x is n workable4 ,we make ! _w ev5 m puzzl+ ?an x is by nature1 :5 we %ut our eyes to ! facts ( daily life2 & we "k1 z a fact1 t wom5 h a "p 9 ! _w1 & t m5 are by no means ciph]s 9 ! home circle--we "k t a man :o %\ld be all head w\ld be z mon/r\s an anomaly z a woman all he>t--t m5 require ! protection ( law1 & wom5 are n s uni=mly prosp]\s z to be indep5d5t ( com=t & consolation--m5 h no monopoly ( work+1 nor wom5 ( weep+4 ,! sort ( di/9ction x is attempt$ to e/abli%1 ?\gh n )\t an elem5t ( tru? :5 rightly und]/ood1 is = ! mo/ "p artificial1 plausible 9 appe>ance1 b break+ d[n "u ! te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ov]/ra9$1 & made ! f\ndation ( a divid$ moral code1 x is mislead+ 9 proportion to its attractiv5ess4 ,happily ?is !ory1 ?\gh deeply & widely & mo/ subtilely influ5tial1 is n completely dom9ant4 ,p :o g to *ur*1 & :o read _! ,bibles1 are p]petually rem9d$ ( "o type & exempl>1 "o moral law4 ,! !ory ( education ( our ,engli% ,*ur* recognises no di/9ction ( sex4 ,! baptiz$ *ild is sign$ ) ! sign ( ! cross1 #89 tok5 t h]eaft] he--or %e--%all n be a%am$ to confess ! fai? ( ,*ri/ crucifi$1 & manfully to fight "u ,8 bann]1 aga9/ s91 ! _w1 & ! devil2 & to cont9ue ,*ri/'s fai?ful soldi] & s]vant to 8--or h]--life's end4' ,! sponsors are *>g$ to provide t ! *ild be #8virtu\sly br\ght up to lead a godly & a ,*ri/ian life1 rememb]+ always t baptism do? repres5t unto u our pr(ession1 :i* is to foll[ ! example ( our ,savi\r ,*ri/1 & to be made l unto ,him4' ,! cate*ism 9 :i* ! *ild is to be in/ruct$1 gives no h9t ( sep>ate /&>ds ( duty4 ,! cate*um5s are requir$ to give an acc\nt ( _! duty t[>ds ,god & t[>ds _! neighb\r4 ,! latt] supplies a /atem5t ( social obligations1 9 :i*1 if any:]e1 we %\ld surely f9d a di/9ction laid d[n betwe5 ! duties ( m5 & ^? ( wom54 ,b no su* di/9ction appe>s4 ,9 ,confirmation1 ! *ildr51 hav+ come to ye>s ( discretion1 ratify & confirm 9 _! own p]sons :at has gone be=e1 /ill )\t a h9t ( div]g5t duties4 ,! same pr9ciple appe>s 9 ! =mul>ies ( ! ,scot* ,*ur*4 ,! ,%ort] ,cate*ism tea*es t #8,god creat$ man1 male & female1 aft] ,8 own image1 9 k1 righte\sness1 & hol9ess1 ) dom9ion ov] ! creatures2' & t #8man's *ief end is to glorify ,god1 & to enjoy ,him = ev]4' ,"h all is cle> & consi/5t4 ,?or\ghly to c>ry out ! ,*ri/ian !ory w\ld no d\bt lead to "s />tl+ consequ5ces2 b ! !ory itself is intelligible & workable4 ,c ! same be said ( any o!r ( ! /&>ds or te/s by :i* educators might %ape _! "w8 ,! only intelligible pr9ciple on :i* mod]n writ]s %[ any?+ l unanimity1 is t wom5 are int5d$ to supply1 & ought to be made1 some?+ :i* m5 want4 ,:at t may be1 x is n easy to discov]4 ,we are met at ! outset by a difficulty z to ! nature ( ! want4 ,we may want :at we l1 or we may want :at w d u good--& ! two qualities are n always comb9$4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 x is tak5 = grant$ t1 9 ?is case1 m5 l :at is good = !m2 & x only rema9s1 !re=e1 to be asc]ta9$ :at x is t !y l4 ,!re is no lack ( evid5ce4 ,engli% lit]ature is full ( oracul> in=mation on ! subject4 ,mr ,an?ony ,trollope says3 #8,we l wom5 to be timid4' ,mr ,helps compla9s t #8wom5 are n taught to be c\rage\s4 ,inde$1 to "s p]sons c\rage may seem z unnecess>y = wom5 z ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,yet !re are few ?+s t w\ld t5d to make wom5 happi] 9 !mselves1 & m acceptable to ^? ) :om !y live1 ?an c\rage4444 ,s f> f c\rage be+ unfem99e1 !re is a peculi> grace & dignity 9 ^? be+s :o h little active p[] ( attack or def5ce1 pass+ ?r\gh dang] ) a moral c\rage :i* is equal to t ( ! /ronge/4' ,abundance ( applause has be5 be/[$ ^u ,miss ,night+ale & ! o!r #8h]o9es ( ! ,crimea1' ^: ent]prise c]ta9ly requir$ no small %>e ( mascul9e resolution4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a writ] on ! position ( wom5 confesses to #8an admiration = ! commonplace1 unambiti\s k9d ( old maid1 :o is cont5t to d good 9 h] own neighb\rhood1 & among ! few p]sons :om %e really kn[s--:o takes a lively int]e/ 9 ! welf>e ( h] nephews & nieces1 & :o regales h]self occasionally ) tea & gossip4' ,"o writ] tells u t !re are ?+s = :i* wom5 are exclusively fitt$4 #8,9 ! fir/ place1 wom5 h ! p[] ( pleas+4 ,accompli%m5ts are cultivat$ z in/rum5tal to ! successful ex]cise ( ?is p[]1 & !re=e are n to be reject$ on ! gr\nd t !y wa/e ! "t t might be giv5 to ma!matics4 ,! common s5se ( ! _w has long ago settl$ t m5 are to be pleas$1 & wom5 are to please4 ,accord+ly wom5 acquire an agreeable exp]tness at ! piano1 & view ! acquisition z a solemn duty4' ,ano!r1 9 answ] to ! "q1 :at ought all "y ladies to le>n1 says1 #8,accompli%m5ts are q a second>y matt]4 ,if m5 d n get tir$ ( ! songs1 !y soon get tir$ ( ! s+]1 if %e c d no?+ b s+4 ,:at is really want$ 9 a woman is1 t %e %\ld be a p]man5tly pleasant companion4 ,s f> z education c give or enhance pleasantness1 x does s by mak+ ! view ( life wide1 ! wit ready1 ! faculty ( compreh5sion vivid4' ,"o au?ority1 delightfully cont5t$ ) ?+s z !y are1 assures u t1 #8humanly speak+1 ! be/ sort ( ,briti% "y lady is all t a woman c be expect$ to be--civil1 intellig5t1 en?usia/ic1 decor\s1 &1 z a rule1 pretti] ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,we are p]fectly satisfi$ ) :at we h got4' ,ano!r1 less happily con/itut$1 ass]ts t #8all good judges & good tea*]s lam5t ! pres5t sy/em ( girls' education4 ,x is all cramm+1 & ) su* v poor results4 ,aft] all is ov]1 girls "k v little & c>e ab\t less4 ,mo/ girls are decid$ly /upid1 & :at good c cramm+ ( ! mo/ b>r5 & repulsive k9d d to /upid girls8 ,we %\ld consid] :at we want wom5 to be4 ,t !y %\ld be tra9$ to be good & g5]\s is by f> ! fir/ ?+4444 ,! next ?+ is t !y %\ld be well-mann]$ & heal?y4 ,! ?ird requisite is1 t !y %\ld "k h[ to express !mselves--%\ld h a "r /&>d 9 judg+ books & m51 & public & private life4444 ,! f\r? requisite is1 t !y %\ld "k h[ to be> rule 9 a h\sehold4444 ,^! are all ! ess5tials4' ,ano!r view is1 t a woman %\ld be #8a g5tle tyrant1 caprici\s inde$1 yet g5]\s & k9dhe>t$ )al1 v>y+ 9 mood1 n[ cl\d$1 n[ s]5e1 ?\gh giv5 less to te>s ?an laught]1 & bright ) gleams ( hopeful sun%9e l ! spr+4 ,%e %\ld be no dunce1 no ignoramus1 ?is enviable woman2 %e %\ld n h /opp$ 9 h] education :5 ! gov]ness's back 0 turn$1 nor hold t to play ,mr ,*appell's music cr$itably is ! "o aim & end ( all in/ruction2 %e %\ld "k en\gh to take h] "p 9 topics ( g5]al conv]sation1 to read ! ,times ) int]e/1 & talk ab\t ! lead+ article )\t a yawn2 %e %\ld be fond en\gh ( le>n+ to f9d t h] leisure seldom hangs heavy on h] h&s2 & if 7?\gh x is almo/ too mu* to expect7 %e has suffici5t pati5ce ) ! process ( induction to be able to reason on any subject = two m9utes toge!r )\t jump+ to a conclusion ei!r way1 we may well congratulate ourselves on hav+ drawn ! great prize 9 ! lott]y ( life4' ,mr ,cov5try ,patmore seems to pref] t ! g5tle tyranny & ! caprici\sness %\ld be on ! o!r side4 #8,he :o toils all day1 ,& comes home hungry1 tir$ or cold1 ,& feels 'tw\ld d him good to scold ,8 wife a little1 let him tru/ ,h] love1 & boldly be unju/1 ,& n c>e till %e cries6 ,h[ prove ,9 any o!r way 8 love ,till soo!d 9 m9d by meat & re/8 ,if1 aft] t1 %e's well c>ess'd1 ,& told h[ good %e is to be> ,8 hum\r1 =tune makes x fair4 ,wom5 l m5 to be l m51 ,t is1 at lea/1 j n[ & !n6' ,! wife is "h repres5t$ z rejoic+ 9 h] husb&'s ill-temp]1 z af=d+ h] an opportunity ( dispell+ x by soo?+ arts1 a practical illu/ration1 x may be obs]v$1 ( ! complem5t>y !ory1 ! woman's pati5ce actually dem&+ a man's sulk9ess to practise ^u4 ,contra/ ,mr ,patmore's #8,jane' ) ,mr ,t5nyson's #8,isabel4' #8,eyes n d[n-dropt nor ov]-bright1 b f$ ,) ! cle>-po9t$ flame ( *a/ity1 ,cle>1 )\t heat1 undy+1 t5d$ by ,pure ve/al ?\ghts 9 ! transluc5t fane ,( h] /ill _s2 locks n wide-dispread1 ,madonna-wise on ei!r side h] head2 ,sweet lips :]eon p]petually did reign ,! summ] calm ( gold5 *>ity1 ,7 fix$ %ad[s ( ?y fix$ mood1 ,rev]$ ,isabel1 ! cr[n & head1 ,! /ately fl[] ( female =titude1 ,( p]fect wifehood & pure l[lihead4 #8,! intuitive decision ( a bright ,& ?or\gh-edg$ intellect to "p ,error f crime2 a prud5ce to )hold2 ,! laws ( m>riage "*'d 9 gold ,^u ! blan*$ tablets ( h] he>t2 ,a love /ill burn+ upw>d1 giv+ light ,to read ^? laws2 an acc5t v l[ ,9 bl&i%m5t1 b a mo/ silv] fl[ ,( subtle-pac$ c\nsel 9 di/ress1 ,"r to ! he>t & bra91 ?\gh undescri$1 ,w9n+ its way ) extreme g5tl5ess ,?r\gh all ! outworks ( suspici\s pride2 ,a c\rage to endure & to obey2 ,a hate ( gossip p>lance1 & ( sway1 ,cr[n'd ,isabel1 ?r\gh all h] placid life1 ,! que5 ( m>riage1 a mo/ p]fect wife4' ,! self-def5ce :i* ,%akespe>e puts into ! m\? ( ,que5 ,ka!r9e describes a diff]5t type3-- #8,heav5 witness ,i h be5 to y a true & humble wife1 ,at all times to y\r w con=mable2 ,ev] 9 fe> to k9dle y\r dislike1 ,yea1 subject to y\r c\nt5ance2 glad or sorry1 ,z ,i saw x incl9e4 ,:5 0 ! h\r ,i ev] contradict$ y\r desire1 ,or made x n m9e too8 or :i* ( y\r fri5ds ,h ,i n /rove to love1 al?\gh ,i knew ,he 7 m9e enemy8 :at fri5d ( m9e ,t _h to him d]iv$ y\r ang]1 did ,i ,cont9ue 9 my lik+8 nay1 gave notice ,he 0 f !nce dis*>g$8' ,?is picture ( trembl+ devotion1 ( #8di/ru/ qualifi$ by fe>1' appe>s 9 a selection call$ #8,beautiful ,poetry1' "u ! head+ #8,a ,true ,wife4' ,b ?is k9d ( wife w\ld be positively dislik$ by "s husb&s4 ,x has be5 said t #8p]haps--su* is mascul9e nature--a wife ) m k1 m fixity ( ?\ght1 & m g5]al m5tal p[] ?an "o's-self might be 8a bless+ 9 disguise40 ,b "o :o is goose en\gh to sympa?ise at r&om on subjects ( :i* %e kn[s little or no?+1 because x is 8fem99e0 to d s1 is a nuisance n 9 disguise4444 ,= our own "p1 we w\ld j z soon h ! sympa?y ( a *ameleon z t ( a woman :o lives completely 9 p>ticul>s1 & is q de/itute ( p[] to appreciate a univ]sal pr9ciple4' ,^! are b a few samples1 cull$ almo/ at r&om f ! mass ( contradictory evid5ce to be f\nd 9 ,engli% lit]ature4 ,conceive a gov]ness or s*oolmi/ress1 duly impress$ ) ! obligation ( tra9+ h] pupils to be accompli%$ pleas]s ( m51 & try+ to fa%ion = !m a model out ( su* mat]ials6 ,mu/ n ! result be simply blank despair8 ,! same conclusion might be rea*$ by a %ort] process4 ,m5 are suppos$ to m>ry ! sort ( wom5 !y l4 ,b look+ ^u ! inf9ite v>iety ( wives to be met ) 9 society1 c\ld any "o g5]alise f !m a model wife1 :o might s]ve z a patt]n to educators8 ,w\ld any man wi% = a wife s modell$8 ,might x n be z well to ab&on ?is di/ract+ !ory--to disc>d ! %ift+ /&>d ( op9ion1 & to fall back ^u ! old doctr9e :i* tea*es educators to seek 9 e human s\l = t div9e image :i* x is _! "w to call out & to develope8 ,! educational "q dep5ds1 z we h se51 on ! l>g] "q ( wom5's place 9 ! social ord]4 ,are !y to be reg>d$1 & to reg>d !mselves1 prim>ily z *ildr5 ( ,god1 memb]s ( ,*ri/1 & heirs ( ! k+dom ( heav51 &1 second>ily1 z wives1 mo!rs1 daught]s1 si/]s8 or are ! family relation%ips to ov]%ad[ ! div9e & ! social1 & to be made ! basis ( a special moral code1 apply+ to wom5 only8 ,accord+ to ! fir/ view1 all human duties--ev]y?+ t is lovely & ( good report--all moral virtues & all ,*ri/ian graces are inculcat$ & en=c$ by ! highe/ sanctions4 ,an ascetic contempt = wifely & mo!rly & daught]ly ties is no "p ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal4 ,b ! view :i* tea*es wom5 to ?9k ( family claims z embrac+ _! :ole duty--:i* bids !m *oose to s]ve man r ?an ,god--sets be=e !m a /&>d ( obligation :i*1 9 proportion z x is exclusively adh]$ to1 vitiates n _! lives only1 b ^? ( ! m5 on :om _! influ5ce might be ( a f> diff]5t sort4 ,t su* a !ory is radically inconsi/5t ) ! div9e ord] might easily be %[n4 ,t its action on society is pr(\ndly demoralis+ is a lesson taught by m\rnful exp]i5ce4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,?+s ,,z ,,!y ,,are4 ,:e!r x is ow+ to ! prevail+ confusion ( ideas z to ! objects ( female education1 or to :atev] cause x may be attribut$1 !re c be little d\bt t ! ?+ itself is held 9 slight e/eem4 ,no "o inde$ w\ld g s f> z to say t x is n wor? :ile to educate girls at all4 ,"s education is held to be indisp5sable1 b h[ mu* is an op5 "q2 & ! g5]al indiff]5ce op]ates 9 ! way ( cont9ually po/pon+ x to o!r claims1 &1 above all1 9 %ort5+ ! "t allott$ to sy/ematic in/ruction & discipl9e4 ,p>5ts are ready to make sacrifices to secure a tol]ably good & complete education = _! sons2 !y d n consid] x necess>y to d ! same = _! daught]s4 ,or p]haps x w\ld be putt+ x m fairly to say1 t a v brief & att5uat$ c\rse ( in/ruction1 beg9n+ late & end+ e>ly1 is believ$ to con/itute a good & complete education = a woman4 ,x is usually assum$ t :5 a boy's s*ool education has once begun1 :i* x does at a v e>ly age1 x is to g on /eadily till he is a man4 ,a boy :o leaves s*ool at sixte5 or eighte51 ei!r ent]s ^u "s te*nical c\rse ( tra9+ = a bus9ess or pr(ession1 or he passes on to ! ,univ]sity1 & f !nce to active "w ( "s sort or o!r4 ,9 o!r words1 he is 9 /atu pupill>i until g5]al education & pr(essional in/ruction are sup]s$$ by ! l>g] education suppli$ by ! bus9ess ( life4 ,9 ! education ( girls no su* regul> ord] appe>s4 ,a v usual c\rse seems to be = girls to sp5d _! e>ly ye>s 9 a haphaz>d k9d ( way1 ei!r at home1 or 9 n v regul> att5dance at an inf]ior s*ool2 aft] :i* !y are s5t = a ye> or two to a s*ool or college to f9i%4 ,! heads ( s*ools compla9 ) "o voice t !y are call$ ^u to #8f9i%' :at has nev] be5 begun1 & t to attempt to give any?+ l a s\nd education1 9 ! %ort "t at _! disposal1 is p]fectly hopeless4 ,b1 to take ! mo/ fav\rable case1--t ( a girl s well prep>$ t %e is able to make good use ( ! tea*+ provid$ 9 a fir/-rate s*ool1--j at ! mom5t :5 %e is mak+ real1 sub/antial progress1 %e is tak5 away4 ,at sixte51 sev5te51 or eighte51 z ! case may be1 h] education comes to an abrupt pause4 ,:5 %e m>ries1 x may be said to beg9 aga92 b betwe5 leav+ s*ool & m>riage !re is usually an int]val ( at lea/ ?ree or f\r ye>s1 if n a mu* long] p]iod4 ,^! ye>s a y\? sp5ds1 z has be5 be=e said1 9 prep>ation = 8 future c>e]4 ,9 ! case ( girls1 no su* prep>ation seems to be consid]$ necess>y4 ,is ?is reasonable8 ,ap>t f imm$iate pecuni>y necessity1 is x desirable t ! regul> education ( wom5 %\ld be consid]$ z f9i%$ at ! age ( eighte58 ,if we are to take ! almo/ univ]sal practice z an answ]1 x is a v decid$ affirmative4 ,ev5 girls ^: p>5ts mu/ be fully aw>e t !y w ev5tually h to ma9ta9 !mselves1 seldom receive any adequate tra9+ = _! future "w4 ,^? ^: fa!rs int5d to provide = !m1 are /ill less likely to be suppos$ to want any fur!r education aft] !y leave s*ool4 ,s fix$ & wide-spread a cu/om mu/ h _h1 at "s "t or o!r1 ev5 if x has n n[1 a mean+ & a ju/ification4 ,& ?is may p]haps be f\nd 9 ! fact t our mo!rs & our gr&mo!rs 7 accu/om$ to und]go at home1 aft] leav+ s*ool1 :at 0 9 fact an appr5tice%ip to h\sehold managem5t4 ,x seems inde$ at "o "t to h be5 cu/om>y to appr5tice girls ( :at we n[ call ! middle class1 to trades1--z we f9d ,george ,h]b]t urg+ 8 ,c\ntry ,p>son n to put 8 *ildr5 #8into va9 trades & unbefitt+ ! rev]5ce ( _! fa!r's call+1 su* z are tav]ns = m5 & lacemak+ = wom51'--b ev5 :]e !re 0 no appr5tice%ip to a specific bus9ess1 ! r\nd ( h\sehold lab\rs w\ld supply a v consid]able v>iety ( useful occupation4 ,an active "p 9 ^! lab\rs w\ld naturally devolve ^u ! daught]s ( ! h\se1 :o w\ld ?us be =m+ habits ( indu/ry & ord] invaluable 9 aft] life4 ,probably a great _m fa!rs1 pr(\ndly ignorant z !y are ( ! lives ( wom51 *]i% a vague imag9ation t ! same k9d ( ?+ is go+ on /ill4 ,if ,provid5ce %\ld at any "t lead !m to sp5d a week 9 ! society ( _! daught]s1 "u ord9>y circum/ances--n :5 illness has alt]$ ! usual curr5t ( affairs--!y w\ld f9d t ?is is v f> f be+ ! case4 ,t great male public1 :i* sp5ds its days 9 *amb]s & (fices & %ops1 kn[s little ( :at is go+ on at home4 ,writ]s 9 newspap]s & magaz9es are fond ( talk+ ab\t ! nurs]y1 z if e h\sehold conta9$ a nev]-end+ supply ( "y *ildr51 on :om ! gr[n-up daught]s might be practis+ ! art ( br++ up4 ,o!rs h a great deal to say ab\t ! kit*51 assum+ x to be desirable t ! ladies ( ! h\se %\ld sup]s$e1 or at lea/ assi/1 ! cook4 ,9 t case1 :]e !re is a "m ) two or ?ree daught]s1 we %\ld h f\r or five cooks4 ,! undesirabl5ess ( su* a multiplication ( arti/s ne$ sc>cely be po9t$ out4#a ,ne$lework1 aga91 occupies a mu* l>g] space 9 ! imag9ation ( writ]s ?an x does 9 practical life4 ,except 9 families :]e !re are *ildr51 !re is v little pla9 ne$lework to be done1 & :at !re is1 _m p make a po9t ( giv+ out1 on ! gr\nd t x is bett] to pay a half-/>v$ ne$lewoman = "w done1 ?an to give h] ! money 9 ! =m ( alms4 ,hav+ m5tion$ ne$lework1 cook]y1 & ! c>e ( *ildr51 we seem to h come to an end ( ! h\sehold "w 9 :i* ladies are suppos$ to take "p4 ,if "y wom5 ( eighte5 & upw>ds are le>n+ any?+ 9 _! daily life at home1 x mu/ be some?+ beside & beyond ! acquirem5t ( dext]ity 9 ord9>y dome/ic arts4 ,_m fa!rs1 h[ev]1 are no d\bt aw>e t _! daught]s h v little to d4 ,b t seems to !m any?+ b a h>d%ip4 ,!y wi% !y _h a little less to d !mselves1 & c imag9e all sorts ( int]e/+ pursuits to :i* !y w\ld betake !mselves if only !y _h a little m leisure4 ,ladies1 x may be said1 h _! *oice1 & !y mu/ evid5tly pref] idl5ess1 or !y w\ld f9d some?+ to d4 ,if ?is means t half-educat$ "y wom5 d n *oose /eady "w :5 !y h no inducem5t :atev] to ov]come natural indol5ce1 x is no d\bt true4 ,wom5 are n /rong]-m9d$ ?an m51 & a commonplace "y woman c no m "w /eadily )\t motive or discipl9e ?an a commonplace "y man4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t #8! active1 volunt>y "p ( man is v small1 & if x 7 n economis$ by a sleepy k9d ( habit1 its results w\ld be null4 ,we c\ld n d e day out ( our own heads all we h to d4 ,we %\ld accompli% no?+2 = all our en]gies w\ld be fritt]$ away 9 m9or attempts at petty improvem5t4' ,! case ( "y wom5 c\ld sc>cely h be5 bett] /at$4 ,e day !y h to d out ( _! own heads ne>ly all t !y h to d4 ,!y accompli% little2 = _! en]gies are fritt]$ away 9 m9or attempts at petty improvem5t4 ,h[ true ?is is1 ! fri5ds & c\nsellors ( girls c\ld abundantly te/ify4 ,!re is no po9t on :i* s*oolmi/resses are m unanim\s & m emphatic ?an on ! difficulty ( kn[+ :at to d ) girls aft] leav+ s*ool4 ,p :o h n be5 br\ght into intimate conv]se ) "y wom5 h little idea ( ! ext5t to :i* !y suff] f p]plexities ( consci5ce4 #8,! discont5t ( ! mod]n girl' is n m]e idle self-torture4 ,busy m5 & wom5--& p ) discipl9$ m9ds--c only1 by a c]ta9 /ra9 ( ! imag9ation1 conceive ! situation4 ,if !y at all ent]$ into x1 !y c\ld n h ! he>t to talk z !y d4 ,= ! case ( ! mod]n girl is peculi>ly h>d 9 ?is1 t %e has fall5 ^u an age 9 :i* idl5ess is acc\nt$ disgraceful4 ,! social atmosph]e r+s ) exhortations to act1 act 9 ! liv+ pres5t4 ,ev]y:]e we he> t true happ9ess is to be f\nd 9 "w--t !re c be no leisure )\t toil--t p :o d no?+ are unfruitful fig-trees :i* cumb] ! gr\nd4 ,& 9 ?is atmosph]e ! mod]n girl lives & brea!s4 ,%e is n a /one1 & %e does n live und]gr\nd4 ,%e he>s p talk--%e li/5s to s]mons--%e reads books4 ,& 9 h] read+ %e comes across su* passages z ! foll[+3-- #8,x is a real pleasure to me to f9d t y are tak+ /eadily to a pr(ession1 )\t :i* ,i sc>cely see h[ a man c live hone/ly4 ,t is1 ,i use ! t]m 8pr(ession0 9 r a l>ge s5se1 n z simply d5ot+ c]ta9 call+s :i* a man foll[s = 8 ma9t5ance1 b r a def9ite field ( duty1 :i* ! nobleman has z mu* z ! tailor1 b :i* he has n1 :o hav+ an income l>ge en\gh to keep him f />v+1 hangs ab\t ^u life1 m]ely foll[+ 8 own caprices & fancies2 quod factu pessimum e/4'#b ,or aga93-- #8,n'e/-il pas vrai que la fadeur de la vie e/ la fois le gr& malheur et le gr& dang]8 ,il y a une d\za9e d'annes1 un orateur s'criait la tribune3 8,la ,france s'ennuie40 ,et moi je dis3 ,l'humanit s'ennuie1 et son ennui ne date ni d'auj\rd'hui ni d'hi]1 quoique peut-tre il n'ait jamais t plus visible qu'en ce mom5t4 ,sans la p\rsuite d'un b idal1 t\te vie devi5t inevitablem5t insipide1 mme jusqu'au dg\t4 ,or1 comptez p>mi vos connaissances les p]sonnes qui p\rsuiv5t un b lev4 ,beauc\p viv5t sans savoir p\rquoi1 uniquem5t1 je p5se1 p>ce que *aque mat9 ramne le soleil4 ,que de femmes1 si v\s exceptez les mres qui se donn5t leur famille1 que de femmes1 hlas1 dont la vie se passe entire dans de futiles occupations1 ou dans des conv]sations plus futiles encore6 ,et l'on s'tonne que1 ronges d'ennui1 elles re*]*5t avec frnsie t\tes les di/ractions imag9ables6 ,elles accus5t la monotonie de leur exi/5ce d'tre la cause de ce vague malaise2 la vraie cause e/ ailleurs1 elle e/ dans la fadeur intolrable1 non d'une vie dp\rvue d'vnem5ts et d'av5tures1 mais d'une vie dont on n'entrevoit pas la raison ni le b4 ,on se s5t vivre sans qu'on y soit p\r quelque *ose1 et cette vie inconsci5te1 inutile1 absurde1 inspire un mcont5tem5t trop fond4'#c ,su* ?+s ! mod]n girl reads1 & e ^w is confirm$ by h] own exp]i5ce4 ,) ! practical ,engli% m9d1 :i* %e has inh]it$ f h] fa!r1 %e applies x all to h]self4 ,%e seeks = c\nsel1 & %e f9ds x4 ,%e is bidd5 to #8look ar\nd h]'--to d ! duty t lies ne>e/--to tea* 9 ! s*ools1 or visit ! poor--to take up a pursuit--to lay d[n a c\rse ( /udy & /ick to x4 ,%e looks ar\nd h]1 & sees no p>ticul> call to active ex]tion4 ,! duties t lie 9 ! way are swall[$ up by an en]getic "m or eld] si/]2 v possibly %e has no vocation = philan?ropy--& ! mo/ devot$ philan?ropi/s are ! mo/ urg5t 9 w>n+ (f p :o lack ! vocation--or %e lives 9 a village :]e ! *ildr5 are bett] taught ?an %e c\ld tea* !m1 & ! poor are already too mu* visit$ by ! cl]gyman's family2 %e feels no sort ( impulse to take up any p>ticul> pursuit1 or to foll[ out a c\rse ( /udy2 & s long z %e is quiet & amiable1 & does n get out ( heal?1 nobody wants h] to d any?+4 ,h] relations & fri5ds--h] _w--are q satisfi$ t %e %\ld #8hang ab\t ^u life1 m]ely foll[+ h] own'--or _! own--#8caprices & fancies4' ,! advice giv51 s easy to (f]1 s h>d to foll[1 presupposes exactly :at is want+1 a =m$ & discipl9$ "*1 able to /& alone1 & to foll[ /eadily a pr$et]m9$ c\rse1 )\t fe> ( puni%m5t1 or hope ( rew>d4 ,ought we to wond] if1 9 ! great majority ( cases1 girls let !mselves g drift+ d[n ! /ream1 despis+ !mselves1 b li/lessly yield+ to :at seems to be _! fate8 ,an appeal to natural guides is mo/ (t5 ei!r summ>ily dismiss$1 or receiv$ ) reproa*ful a/oni%m5t4 ,x is consid]$ a j cause = surprise & disappo9tm5t1 t well br\ght up girls1 surr\nd$ ) all ! com=ts ( home1 %\ld h a wi% or a ?\ght ext5d+ beyond its prec9cts4 ,&1 p]haps1 x is only natural t p>5ts %\ld be sl[ to enc\rage _! daught]s 9 aspirations aft] any duties & int]e/s besides ^? ( m9i/]+ to _! com=t & pleasure4 ,9 tak+ = grant$ t ?is is ! only object1 o!r ?an t ( m>riage1 = :i* wom5 7 creat$1 !y are b adopt+ ! receiv$ s5tim5t ( society4 ,no d\bt1 too1 !y hone/ly believe t1 9 keep+ _! daught]s to !mselves till !y m>ry1 !y are do+ ! be/ ?+ = !m1 z well z pleas+ !mselves4 ,if ! daught]s take a diff]5t view1 p>5ts ?9k x is because !y are "y & inexp]i5c$1 & incompet5t to judge4 ,! fact is1 x is ! p>5ts :o are inexp]i5c$4 ,_! y\? 0 diff]5t 9 a hundr$ ways f ! y\? ( ?is g5]ation2 & ! exp]i5ce ( ?irty ye>s ago is f> f be+ infallible 9 deal+ ) ! difficulties & p]plexities ( ! pres5t4 ,no d\bt "y p are ignorant1 & want guidance4 ,b !y %\ld be help$ & advis$1 n sil5c$4 ,p>5ts take ^u !mselves a heavy responsibility :5 !y ha/ily cru% ! long+ aft] a l>g] & m purposeful life4 ,t su* an impulse is wor?y ( respect c sc>cely be d5i$4 ,! exi/5ce ( capacities is 9 itself an indication t !y are int5d$ = "s good purpose4 ,consci\s p[] is n a burd51 to be borne ) pati5ce1 b a gift1 = ! due use ( :i* ! possessor rightly feels acc\ntable4 ,to h a s\l :i* c be satisfi$ ) vanities is n em95tly virtu\s & ,*ri/ian1 b ! rev]se4 ,to be awake to responsibilities1 s5sitive 9 consci5ce1 quickly responsive to all k9dl+ influ5ces1 is a sign t education has1 s f>1 done a good "w4 ,a fl[+ riv] is no d\bt m tr\blesome to manage ?an a tranquil pool2 b pools1 if let alone too long1 are apt to become noxi\s1 z well z useless4 ,! curr5t may require to be wisely direct$2 b t !re %\ld be a curr5t ( be+1 want+ to set itself some:]e1 is surely a cause = ?ankful rejoic+4 ,x is an un=tunate misund]/&+ ( ! true /ate ( ! case t makes p>5ts sigh ov] :at might well be _! happ9ess & pride3 "o m exemplification ( ! sluggi%ness :i* hates no?+ s bitt]ly z to be call$ ^u to ?9k--to consid] a new idea--p]haps to g f>!r1 & take a /ep out ( ! beat5 track4 ,x is mu* easi]1 no d\bt1 to say to a daught] :o comes to y ) h] orig9al notions--#8,my de> *ild1 put x out ( y\r head directly2 x _c be ?\ght ( = a mom5t'--?an x w\ld be to he> h] pati5tly1 to consid] h[ f> h] crude ideas are practicable1 to help h]1 s f> z may be1 9 c>ry+ !m out4 ,& "o ought n to wond] t ! easie/ c\rse is ! "o mo/ commonly *os54 ,h[ f> x may1 or may n1 be ! duty ( daught]s to sacrifice _! own wi%es to ! tempor>y pleasure ( ^? to :om !y owe s mu*1 is a sep>ate "q4 ,x is at lea/ well = p>5ts to "k t1 f> m ?an !y are at all aw>e (1 x is felt to be a sacrifice1 & t !y mu/ accept x z su*1 if at all4#d ,! repres5tation "h giv5 is1 ( c\rse1 n univ]sally applicable4 ,x is q possible t 9 "s s5ses1 & to "s p]sons1 an app>5tly empty life may be easi]1 & ev5 ri*]1 ?an "o ( toil4 ,!re are p to :om ! ,happy ,valley k9d ( life is by no means intol]able2 & ev5 e>ne/-m9d$ & consci5ti\s girls1 urg$ by a /rong s5se ( ! he9\sness ( discont5t1 (t5 manage to cru% tr\blesome aspirations1 & make !mselves happy4 ,!re is some?+ undignifi$ 9 be+ mis]able1 )\t a j & intelligible cause to %[ = x2 & _m "y wom51 capable ( high] ?+s1 accommodate !mselves ) a consid]able degree ( *e]fulness to a n>r[ & unsatisfy+ r\nd ( exi/5ce4 ,nor is x int5d$ to repres5t ladies z habitually do+ no?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y h _m res\rces4 ,among !m are v>i\s arts & h&icrafts1 g>d5+1 lett]-writ+1 & mu* read+4 ,( ^!1 ! la/ is p]haps ! mo/ popul> & ! mo/ delusive4 ,a girl :o is #8v fond ( read+' is consid]$ to be happily suit$ ) nev]-fail+ occupation1 & no ?\ght is tak5 z to :at is to come ( h] read+4 ,on ?is subject1 ! obs]vations ( ,miss ,aik91 h]self an exp]i5c$ read]1 are wor? consid]+4 #8,cont9ual read+1' %e says1 #8if desultory1 & )\t a def9ite object1 fav\rs indol5ce1 unsettles op9ions1 & ( c\rse enfeebles ! m5tal & moral en]gies4' ,& ,mr ,rob]tson ( ,brighton1 speak+ 9 ref]5ce to girls1 rem>ks t !y #8read too mu*1 & ?9k too little4 ,i w answ] = x t !re are few girls ( eighte5 :o h n read m books ?an ,i h4444 ,t multif>i\s read+ weak5s ! m9d m ?an do+ no?+2 = x becomes a necessity at la/1 l smok+1 & is an excuse = ! m9d to lie dormant1 :il/ ?\ght is p\r$ 91 & runs ?r\gh1 a cle> /ream1 ov] unproductive gravel1 on :i* n ev5 mosses gr[4 ,x is ! idle/ ( all idl5esses1 & leaves m ( impot5cy ?an any o!r4' ,! same might be said ( all m]ely dilettante occupation4 ,its fault is simply t x is dilettante--lit]ally a pa/ime4 ,x may z well be done1 if no?+ else turns up1 & t is all4 ,& ?is drawback1 belong+ to ne>ly all ! ord9>y "w ( "y wom51 !y are by !mselves unable to ov]come4 ,( c\rse1 ! case is p>tly 9 _! own h&s1 & ^? :o are by nature abnormally en]getic1 w make a c>e] = !mselves 9 spite ( difficulties4 ,:]e ! inw>d impulse is irrepressible1 x becomes a lant]n to ! feet1 & a lamp unto ! pa?1 mak+ ! way ( duty pla9 & unmi/akable4 ,b = ! few ^: c\rse is ?us illum9$1 !re w be ! _m hov]+ 9 uneasy d\bt1 _! consci5ces & intellects j lively en\gh to make !m re/less & unhappy1 n suffici5tly cle> 9 _! m9ds z to "r & wrong1 ei!r to be n]v$ = vigor\s action1 or to accept cont5t$ly ! conv5tional duty ( quiesc5ce4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ wrong 9 social regulations :i* make a dem& = exceptional wisdom & /r5g? on ! "p ( any p>ticul> class2 & t su* a dem& is made ^u av]age "y wom5 is suffici5tly cle>4 ,:at society says to !m seems to be some?+ to ?is effect4 ,ei!r y h =ce en\gh to w9 a place 9 ! _w1 9 ! face ( heavy disc\ragem5t1 or y h n4 ,if y h1 ! discipl9e ( ! /ruggle is good = y2 if y h n1 y are n wor? tr\bl+ ab\t4 ,is n ?is a h>d ?+ to say to commonplace girls1 n pr(ess+ to be bett] or /rong] ?an _! neighb\rs8 ,:y %\ld _! task be made1 by social & dome/ic arrangem5ts1 peculi>ly & ne$lessly difficult8 ,& :y %\ld x be tak5 = grant$ t1 if !y fail1 !y mu/ be extraord9>ily silly or self-indulg5t8 ,m ?an any o!r class1 at ! same age1 !y are exempt$ f direction & control--lib]ally gift$ ) ! k9d ( fre$om enjoy$ by ! d5iz5s ( a village p\nd4 ,)9 _! prescrib$ sph]e1 !y may w&] at w1 & if !y #8!re small scope = action see1' x is expla9$ to !m t !y mu/ n #8= ?is give room to discont5t2' nor let _! "t #8be sp5t 9 idly dream+' h[ !y might be #8,m free ,f outw>d h9drance or imp$im5t4 ,= pres5tly ?is h9drance ?\ %alt f9d ,t )\t :i* all goodness 7 a task ,s slight1 t virtue nev] c\ld gr[ /rong4' ,9 reply to su* admonitions !y are tempt$ to inquire :at task1 o!r ?an t ( dream+1 is set be=e !m--:at virtue1 always except+ t "o virtue ( passive submission1 has any *ance ( gr[+ /rong "u su* conditions4 ,! #8sl[1' :o s9k into dull in]tia1 & ! #8fa/1' :o get rid ( _! sup]flu\s en]gy 9 silly extravagances1 h alike ! excuse1 t at ! mom5t :5 !y ne$ ! support ( a r\t9e expla9$ & ju/ifi$ by a reasonable purpose1 discipl9e & /imulus are at once )drawn1 leav+ 9 _! place no ext]nal support beyond ! trivial dem&s & re/ra9ts ( conv5tional society4 ,x may seem t an exagg]at$ importance is "h atta*$ to ! int]val betwe5 s*ool & m>riage2 & if ! consid]ations br\ght =w>d _h ref]5ce to ?is p]iod only1 ! *>ge w\ld be j4 ,b rightly to e/imate ! value ( ^! ye>s1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t !y are ! spr+-"t ( life--! season ( blossom1 on :i* ! fruit ( ! future dep5ds4 ,x is !n t an impress is giv5 to "* :i* la/s ?r\gh life4 ,opportunities !n ?r[n away or misus$ c sc>cely be recov]$ 9 lat] ye>s4 ,& x has seem$ necess>y to dwell ^u ! exi/+ t5\r ( "y wom5's lives1 because1 9 deal+ ) ! "q ( ext5d+ ! duration ( female education1 we mu/ be l>gely influ5c$ by our conception ( ! alt]native involv$ 9 leav+ ?+s z !y are4 ,x has be5 said t ! end ( education is #8to =m a nation ( liv+1 ord]ly m54' ,if x has be5 %[n t ! c\rse n[ pursu$ t5ds to make a l>ge "p ( ! nation inanimate & disord]ly1 a case w\ld seem to be e/abli%$ = urg+ ef=ts at improvem5t4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,z ?is pursuit is sometimes recomm5d$ ) app>5t s]i\sness1 x may be z well to po9t out to ! un9itiat$1 t if mi/resses are to d ! cook+1 ma/]s mu/ d9e alone4 ,d9n]s _c be cook$ an h\r be=eh&1 & left to s]ve !mselves up4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 o!r arts1 ! f9i%+ t\*es are among ! mo/ important4 ,?is does n mean1 ( c\rse1 t a mi/ress may n give directions & occasional help1 or t x may n be a v good ?+ = girls to l5d a h&1 n[ & !n1 by way ( le>n+ to cook4 ,t is a diff]5t ?+ f regul>ly sp5d+ a consid]able "p ( _! daily lives 9 ! kit*54 #b ,lett] to ,dr ,gre5hill1 an old pupil1 9 #8,life ( ,dr ,arnold1' p4 #cib4 #c ,s]mons p> ,t4 ,colani4--,deuxime ,recueil1 p4 #bic4 #d #8,m4 de ,p>!nau w\ld h be5 surpris$ _h any "o sugge/$ t ?is peaceful life 0 less to ! ta/e ( 8 *ildr5 ?an himself4 ,l s _m excell5t fa!rs1 he s9c]ely believ$ t because x suit$ him1 x mu/ suit !m4 ,he _h =gott5 8 own /ormy y\?1 to f9d himself happy by 8 fireside1 & x nev] occurr$ to him to ask1 8,is my daught] happy80 ,s mu* ! bett]1 s9ce he c\ld h done no?+2 & ,?rse 0 ! la/ p]son to make him suspect t %e 0 n p]fectly satisfi$4 ,yet1 :oev] _h se5 h]1 w\ld h ?\ght h] de/9$ = a wid] sph]e ?an t ( ! n>r[ _w :]e %e /rove to be cont5t4 ,x _h n always be5 s4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 %e /ifl$ all ! aspirations1 ! radiant visions :i* once haunt$ h]1 "u ! cr[d ( occupations :i* %e f\nd = h]self4 ,%e sil5c$ ! cry ( h] intellect1 & yet he>d x always2 p]haps because %e %unn$ z sn>es ! natural outlets :i* pres5t$ !mselves1 refus+ ea* r>e opportunity ( leav+ home1 le/ %e %\ld return discont5t$2 & putt+ away books & p5cils1 t %e might h no int]e/s b ^? ( h] fa!r & h] poor dep5d5ts4 ,x 0 an hone/1 mi/ak5 ef=t to d "r2 & ! confessor1 :o /ood to h] 9 ! place ( a consci5ce1 approv$ x--nay1 urg$ x on h]4 ,x 0 /range1 ?is mute1 ceaseless conflict1 kn[n only 9 its full ext5t to h]self1 & hidd5 "u s monoton\s & peaceful a life6'--,sydonie's ,d[ry1 p4 #bd4 ,may n some?+ l a c\nt]p>t ( ?is mute1 ceaseless conflict be hidd5 "u _m a monoton\s & peaceful ,engli% life8 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,?+s ,,z ,,!y ,,might ,,be4 ,suppos+ s mu* to be grant$1 x w be ask$1 ,:at c be done8 ,cle>ly1 girls _c be kept at s*ool indef9itely till !y m>ry4 ,:5 !y leave s*ool1 say at eighte51 :at are !y to d next8 ,! answ] mu/ *iefly dep5d on circum/ances4 ,:]e ! res\rces ( ! p>5ts are su* t !re is a reasonable c]ta9ty ( an abundant provision = ! future1 an education correspond+ ) t giv5 by ! univ]sities to "y m5--9 o!r words1 #8! education ( a lady1' consid]$ irrespectively ( any specific uses to :i* x may aft]w>ds be turn$--w\ld appe> to be ! desid]atum4 ,& cle>ly #8! education ( a lady' ought to mean ! highe/ & ! f9e/ culture ( ! "t4 ,! accurate habits ( ?\ght & ! intellectual poli% by :i* ! s*ol> is di/+ui%$1 ought to be no less c>efully s\ght 9 ! tra9+ ( wom5 ?an 9 t ( m54 ,?is w\ld be true1 ev5 if only = ! sake ( ! *>m :i* high culture gives to social int]c\rse1 a *>m atta9able 9 no o!r way4 ,b ap>t f ?is consid]ation1 ! duties ( wom5 ( ! high] class are su* z to dem& v>i$ k z well z a discipl9$ m9d & "*4 ,difficult cases 9 social e?ics frequ5tly arise1 on :i* wom5 are oblig$ to act & to guide ! action ( o!rs4 ,h[ev] incompet5t !y may be1 !y _c escape ! responsibility ( judg+ & decid+4 ,& ?\gh natural sagacity & ! happy impulses ( :i* we he> s mu* (t5 come to _! aid1 prejudice & mi/ak5 impulses ought also to be tak5 into ! acc\nt z di/urb+ elem5ts ( a v mislead+ k9d4 ,9 deal+ ) social difficulties1 ! value ( a cultivat$ judgm5t1 able to unravel entangl$ evid5ce1 & to give due weight to a great v>iety ( conflict+ consid]ations1 w\ld seem to be obvi\s en\gh4 ,x w\ld be well wor? :ile to ex*ange ! wond]ful unconsci\s in/9ct1 by :i* wom5 are suppos$ to leap to "r conclusions1 no "o kn[s h[1 = ! consci\s p[] ( look+ /eadily & compreh5sively at ! :ole facts ( a case1 & !reupon %ap+ a c\rse ( action1 ) a cle> conception ( its probable issues4 ,( c\rse1 a m]ely lit]>y education w n give ?is p[]4 ,k ( ! _w & ( human nature1 only to be ga9$ by obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 g f>!r ?an m]e k ( books4 ,b ! habit ( imp>tiality & delib]ation--( survey+ a wide field ( ?\ght--& ( p5etrat+1 s f> z human eye c see1 into ! he>t ( ?+s--:i* is promot$ by g5u9e /udy ev5 ( books alone--t5ds to produce an attitude ( m9d fav\rable = ! consid]ation ( complicat$ que/ions ( any sort4 ,a comp>ison betwe5 ! judgm5t ( a s*ol> & t ( an un$ucat$ man on matt]s requir+ delicate discrim9ation & grasp ( ?\ght1 %[s ! degree 9 :i* ! intellect may be fitt$ by tra9+ = tasks ( ?is nature4 ,a l>ge & lib]al culture is probably also ! be/ corrective ( ! t5d5cy to take petty views ( ?+s1 & on ?is acc\nt is especially to be desir$ = wom5 on :om x devolves to give ! tone to #8society4' ,h[ f> x may be desirable or ju/ifiable = wom5 to take "p 9 political affairs is a vex$ "q1 into :i* x is ! less necess>y "h to ent]1 inasmu* z x is evid5t t ! same k9d ( intellectual tra9+ :i* =ms ! gr\ndwork ( ! education ( a /atesman is ne$$ = o!r purposes4 ,wom5 :o ?9k at all c sc>cely help ?9k+ ab\t ! condition ( ! poor1 & to arrive at s\nd conclusions on s va/ a subject involves an acqua9tance m or less complete ) almo/ e consid]ation :i* comes )9 ! range ( ! politician4 ,unpaid "w1 su* z ! managem5t ( hospitals1 workh\ses1 prisons & re=matories1 & *>itable societies1 naturally devolves ^u ! leisurely classes1 & (f]s a field 9 :i* cultivat$ wom5 may fitly lab\r4 ,& ! mom5t !y ent] ^u su* "w1 or attempt 9 any way to alleviate ! suff]+s ( ! poor1 !y f9d t a /rong1 cle> head is z necess>y z a w>m he>t4 ,! problem h[ to deal ) paup]ism--! v same difficulty :i* has hi!rto baffl$ ! wise/ ( our /atesm5--meets !m at ! ?re%old ( _! works4 ,! enc\ragem5t or disc\ragem5t ( ! paup] _s dep5ds 9 a great degree on ! discretion ( di/rict visitors & o!r *>itable ag5ts2 & ! wom5 :o act z ! almon]s ( ! ri* & ! advis]s ( ! poor ne$ = _! difficult task some?+ m ?an m]e gu%+ b5evol5ce4 ,or to take national education4 #8,my ,lords' make codes1 revise & re-revise !m1 & ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t exhau/ !mselves 9 debates ^u !m2 b a l>ge %>e ( _! practical work+ devolves ^u ! wives & daught]s ( ! cl]gy1 & o!r ladies4 ,simil>ly ( sanit>y re=m1 :i* n[ attracts mu* att5tion4 ,sanit>y laws & regulations h be5 enact$1 & no d\bt ) good effect1 b bo>ds ( heal? & inspectors c d b little )\t ! intellig5t co-op]ation ( ! wom51 on :om x dep5ds to en=ce p]sonal & h\sehold hygi5e 9 e family4 ,_m o!r social que/ions might be m5tion$ on :i* wom5 are requir$ to "k & to act4 ,x w\ld1 9 fact1 be difficult to po9t out any measure ( dome/ic policy :i* has be5 br\ght be=e ,p>liam5t dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 on :i* x is n z directly important t "r op9ions %\ld be =m$ by wom5 z by m54 ,! high] education already spok5 ( w\ld s]ve z a prep>ation = lit]>y "w1 & z a gr\ndwork = m def9ite te*nical in/ruction 9 e dep>tm5t ( art4 ,&1 la/ly1 an ext5d$ c\rse ( /udy is1 above all ?+s1 necess>y = ^? :o are to und]take ! (fice ( tea*+ o!rs4 ,! incomplet5ess ( ! education ( s*oolmi/resses & gov]nesses is a drawback :i* no am\nt ( intellig5ce & goodwill c enable !m entirely to ov]come4 ,x is obvi\s t = ^? :o h to imp>t k ! prim>y requisite is to possess x2 & x is "o ( ! great difficulties ( female tea*]s t !y are call$ ^u to in/ruct o!rs1 :ile v inadequately in/ruct$ !mselves4 ,! m e>ne/ & consci5ti\s devote _! leisure h\rs to cont9u$ /udy1 &1 no d\bt1 mu* may be done 9 ?is way2 b x is at ! co/ ( ov]work1 (t5 involv+ ! sacrifice ( heal?1 to say no?+ ( ! disadvantages ( work+ alone1 )\t a tea*]1 (t5 )\t good books1 & )\t ! :olesome /imulus ( companion%ip4 ,^! consid]ations lead up to ! m di/9ctly pr(essional side ( ! "q1 t :i* relates to ! pursuit ( any p>ticul> call+ z a means ( ma9t5ance4 ,e "o kn[s t !re are wom51 "s ev5 ( ! upp] class1 :o mu/ e>n _! own liv+2 & ?is be+ admitt$1 x w sc>cely be disput$ t !y ought to be put into ! be/ way ( do+ x4 ,! ?+ to f9d out seems to be :at pr(essions are !re1 tak+ ! ^w z includ+ bus9ess ( all sorts1 to :i* !y might betake !mselves ) a fair prospect ( success8 ,p]haps we may ga9 "s light by look+ into hi/ory1 & see+ :at w5t on 9 e>li] times1 be=e ! advance ( sci5ce1 ) its inf9ite subdivisions ( lab\r1 _h made x almo/ impossible to c>ry on any pr(itable pursuit )9 ! prec9cts ( home4 ,conf9+ ourselves1 = ! sake ( brevity1 to ,engli% hi/ory1 we f9d among ! ord9>y avocations ( wom5 ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y1 includ+ ! comp\nd+ & disp5s+ ( drugs2 ! s]vice ( ! afflict$ & di/ress$ 9 m9d1 body1 or e/ate2 f>m+2 m>ket+2 & a v>iety ( dome/ic manufactures1 too num]\s to recite 9 detail4 ,w\ld ! same pursuits1 "u regulations adapt$ to alt]$ conditions1 be prop] = wom5 n[8 ,among ^? :i* h be5 m5tion$1 t ( ,m$ic9e appe>s peculi>ly desirable1 z af=d+ scope = ! ex]cise ( ! highe/ gifts1 9 a field 9 :i* wom5's close acqua9tance ) ! details ( dome/ic life w\ld be a valuable adjunct4 ,! m$ical pr(ession is n[ accessible to any compet5t woman :o is able to defray ! co/ ( in/ruction4 ,! lic5ce ( ! ,c\rt ( ,apo!c>ies1 :i* con/itutes a legal qualification = g5]al practice1 is giv5 on pass+ ! requir$ exam9ations4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 ! way ( appr5tice%ip1 & lectures & hospital practice are atta9able1 ?\gh at a high] co/ to individual /ud5ts1 ?an w\ld be incurr$ if ! exp5se 7 divid$ among sev]al4 ,! objection (t5 urg$ aga9/ ! practice ( m$ic9e by wom51 t !y h no confid5ce 9 ea* o!r1 & t a m$ical woman w\ld !re=e f9d h]self )\t pati5ts1 c only be conclusively answ]$ by facts4 priori1 !re is "s reason to believe1 t1 always assum+ ! education to be equally ?or\gh & equally well atte/$1 ! s]vices ( a lady w be pref]r$2 b till wom5 h full opportunity ( *oice1 x is impossible to say positively :at !y w *oose4 ,! exp]i5ce ( a few ye>s w decide4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,miss ,g>rett's v rem>kable success is at lea/ enc\rag+ to o!r aspirants 9 ! same field4 ,closely alli$ to ! practice ( m$ic9e are ! functions ( educat$ wom5 9 m9i/]+ to ! poor1 ! insane1 & ! crim9al4 ,^! s]vices1 s f> z !y are paid1 are n[ *iefly c>ri$ on 9 workh\ses1 hospitals1 re=matories1 & p5it5ti>ies4 ,! sup]9t5d5ce ( nurses & ! (fices ( matron & s*oolmi/ress are 9 ! h&s ( wom51 & !re seems room = fur!r developm5t 9 ?is direction4 ,x may be a "q = consid]ation :e!r 9 "s cases x might n be desirable to sub/itute ! s]vices ( an educat$ ,*ri/ian lady = ^? ( ! *apla94 ,! duties ( a workh\se *apla9 are ?us def9$ by ! ,poor-,law ,bo>d3-- #8,,art4 #baa4 ,duties ( ! ,*apla94 #8,! foll[+ %all be ! duties ( ! *apla93-- #8,no4 #a4 ,to read pray]s1 & prea* a s]mon to ! paup]s & o!r inmates ( ! workh\se on e ,sunday1 & on ,good ,friday & ,*ri/mas-day1 unless ! gu>dians1 ) ! cons5t ( ! commission]s1 may o!rwise direct4 #8,no4 #b4 ,to exam9e ! *ildr51 & to cate*ise su* z belong to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 at lea/ once 9 e mon?1 & to make a record ( ! same1 & /ate ! dates ( 8 att5dance1 ! g5]al progress & condition ( ! *ildr51 & ! moral & religi\s /ate ( ! inmates g5]ally1 9 a book to be kept = t purpose1 to be laid be=e ! gu>dians at _! next ord9>y meet+1 & to be t]m$ 8,! ,*apla9's ,report40 #8,no4 #c4 ,to visit ! sick paup]s1 & to adm9i/] religi\s consolation to !m 9 ! workh\se1 at su* p]iods z ! gu>dians may appo9t1 & :5 appli$ to = t purpose by ! ma/] or matron4' ,! "w laid out "u ! two la/ clauses might c]ta9ly be done z well1 9 "s respects p]haps bett]1 by a duly qualifi$ lady2 & on ! face ( x1 !re seems to be no p>ticul> reason :y paup]s %\ld n att5d _! p>i% *ur* & be visit$ by ! cl]gyman l o!r p>i%ion]s4 ,! desirabl5ess ( workh\se visit+ by ladies has be5 mu* discuss$1 & is n[ beg9n+ to be ackn[l$g$4 ,! pres5ce ( a lady 9 an (ficial capacity might be /ill m valuable1 bo? z be+ p]man5t & z waiv+ ! difficulties :i* are s apt to come 9 ! way ( philan?ropic int]f]5ce 9 /ate in/itutions4 ,a lady appo9t$ expressly by ! gu>dians !mselves c\ld sc>cely provoke jeal\sy1 & h] repres5tations1 bas$ on ?or\gh k ( ! matt] 9 h&1 & modifi$ by sympa?y ) ! difficulties & scruples ( au?orities1 z well z ) ! claims ( ! suff]+1 w\ld be comp>atively exempt f ! *>ge ( (fici\sness4 ,t %e w\ld naturally ga!r r\nd h] su* help]s z %e might ne$ 9 an un(ficial capacity is an obvi\s advantage4 ,! same obs]vations w\ld seem to be applicable to hospitals & prisons1 & all public in/itutions :]e wom5 are employ$ 9 a subord9ate capacity4 ,t ! pres5ce & ! active influ5ce ( a lady1 by :atev] "n %e might be call$1 w\ld be a valuable elem5t1 :]ev] ! sick 9 m9d or body are congregat$ toge!r1 is g5]ally admitt$1 ?\gh ! !ory has n 9 ,engl& be5 act$ ^u to any consid]able ext5t4 ,next 9 our enum]ation comes ! bus9ess ( f>m+4 ,! social prejudice aga9/ useful occupations ( any sort1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? :i* are suppos$ to be ornam5tal1 has "h be5 actively at "w4 ,! sup]9t5d5ce ( f>m+ op]ations is /ill1 h[ev]1 l>gely %>$ by wom51 especially 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,9 comm]cial deal+s !re is a good deal ( "w to be done :i* c\ld n1 at any rate 9 our pres5t v imp]fect /ate ( civilisation1 be prop]ly und]tak5 by wom54 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 bran*es ( m]cantile & quasi-m]cantile bus9ess1 includ+ t pr(ession ( mod]n gr[? :i* has be5 call$ #8managem5t1'--9 :i* wise arrangem5ts1 c>efully made1 are all t is requir$ to make !m suitable4 ,9 almo/ e k9d ( bus9ess1 :olesale & retail1 ! book-keep+ & ! correspond5ce might be v fitly c>ri$ on by compet5t wom54 ,) reg>d to ! manufactures :i* n[ =m s va/ a portion ( our national indu/ry1 a great revolution has tak5 place1 & x is "h1 above all1 t a re-adju/m5t ( social & dome/ic arrangem5ts1 involv+ "s innovation on conv5tional ideas & usages1 seems to be imp]atively ne$$4 ,d[n to a comp>atively rec5t p]iod1 e h\sehold 0 a work%op4 ,x is )9 ! pres5t g5]ation t ! sew+-ma*9e has laid hold ( ! la/ rema9+ implem5t ( dome/ic manufacture4 ,! home is no long] a manufactory4 ,sp9n+1 weav+1 knitt+1 sew+1 all are gone1 or go+4 ,:at has become ( ! busy h&s & bra9s8 ,! h&s are gone into factories1 ! bra9s are idle4 ,we _c call back ! h&s1 & aga9 set !m to "w 9 ! dome/ic manufactory4 ,might x n be possible to br+ !m aga9 "u womanly influ5ce1 & at ! same "t f9d fit "w = ! bra9s1 by introduc+ wom5 ( ! employ+ class into factories8 ,might we n re/ore ! old ord] ( ?+s1 "u :i* ! pay]s ( wages & ! receiv]s ( wages work$ toge!r1 to ! mutual advantage ( bo?--by replac+ wom5 9 ! position ( directors & ov]look]s ( female lab\r8 ,x is va9 to say t a factory is n a fit place = a lady4 ,if x is n1 x ought to be made s4 ,if ! moral atmosph]e ( a work%op is necess>ily debas+1 no human be+ ought to be expos$ to its influ5ce4 ,b is x necess>ily debas+8 ,are ma*9es 9 !mselves demoralis+8 ,:at is ! moral diff]5ce betwe5 a sp9n+-j5ny & a di/aff8 ,are knitt+-ne$les ref9$1 & knitt+-ma*9es co>se8 ,is !re any reason1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 :y ! moral tone ( a factory %\ld be less pure & elevat+ ?an t ( ! home8 ,is x n r t we want1 9 our mod]n work%ops1 ! influ5ce convey$ by daily int]c\rse betwe5 wom5 to :om weal? has giv5 ! means ( culture & ref9em5t1 & ! lab\r]s :om pov]ty obliges to "w ) _! h&s1 b :o ne$ n !re=e "p ) any ess5tial fem99e attribute8 ,if1 9 all ! works :]e wom5 are employ$ 9 ! inf]ior dep>tm5ts1 ! daught]s ( ! ma/]s 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! bus9ess1 made s ?or\ghly conv]sant ) x z to be able to take a real "p 9 its direction1 two advantages w\ld be ga9$4 ,! high] class ( work]s w\ld acquire l>g] sympa?ies1 m liv+ int]e/s1 increas$ aptitude = affairs1 & an exhil>at+ s5se ( usefulness--( hav+ a place 9 ! _w f :i* !y w\ld be miss$ if !y 7 )drawn f x4 ,! l[] class w\ld1 on _! "p1 be elevat$ by ! contact ) a g5u9e ref9em5t1 n too #8f9e' to be useful4 ,!y w\ld see t a lady is a lady1 n 9 virtue ( h] co/ly dress & luxuri\s habits1 b 9 ! g5tl5ess1 ! tru?fulness1 & ! s5sitive sympa?y1 :i* are among ! mo/ preci\s fruits ( high culture4 ,& x c sc>cely be d\bt$ t su* an example1 su* an ideal1 br\ght )9 ! imm$iate & daily contemplation ( wom5 & girls ( ! lab\r+ class1 w\ld be m effectual 9 rectify+ _! /&>d ( morals & ref9em5t ?an any philan?ropic ag5cy1 h[ev] well-int5tion$ & judici\s1 :i* c\ld be br\ght to be> f )\t4 ,9 "s cases !re might be difficulties 9 ! way ( tea*+ wom5 ! practical p>ts ( a manufacture1 b !re c be few bus9esses 9 :i* "s place might n be f\nd = !m4 ,ev5 :]e female lab\r]s are n employ$ 9 ! l[] dep>tm5ts--?\gh !re ! case is ! /ronge/--wom5 might (t5 take "p 9 ! direction1 ) great advantage to !mselves1 & at lea/ )\t injury to any "o else4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t a transf]5ce ( ! sc5e ( action1 & an accommodation ( old pr9ciples & practices to new circum/ances1 is ! task ( ! pres5t g5]ation1 & ! true answ] to ! appeal ( wom5 = some?+ to d4 ,! *ange propos$1 s f> f be+ a dep>ture f ! old ways1 is1 9 fact1 a recurr5ce to !m4 ,! advocates ( ?+s z !y are1 are ! innovators4 ,^? :o sigh aft] ?+s z !y might be1 are ! old-fa%ion$ p1 eag] to reta91 ) only su* modifications z advanc+ civilisation has made indisp5sable1 all t is be/ 9 ?+s z !y 74 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pr(essional ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,life4 ,an obvi\s rejo9d] to ! =ego+ sugge/ions w at once pres5t itself4 ,x w be said t pr(essions & bus9ess may be all v well--may inde$ be be/--= s+le wom51 b t soon] or lat] ! great majority m>ry1 & any plan ( life :i* fails to recognise ?is cont+5cy is unpractical & absurd4 ,?is is mo/ true4 ,we h to deal ) facts2 & x is a mo/ important1 ?\gh n ! sole "q1 ,h[ w\ld a high] education & pr(essional tra9+ act ^u family life8 ,home duties fall to ! lot ( almo/ e woman1 & no?+ :i* t5ds to incapacitate = ! p]=mance ( !m ought to be enc\rag$4 ,let u ask1 !n1 :at are ! home duties ( wom5 z su*1 & :at are ! qualifications requir$ = _! dis*>ge8 ,& "h we mu/ rememb] t ! claims involv$ 9 ! conjugal & p>5tal & filial relations are n special to wom54 ,!y are n1 inde$1 to be disreg>d$ 9 consid]+ ! be>+ ( a s*eme ( education2 b 9 ! discussion ( ! home duties ( wom5 z su*1 x is conv5i5t to treat sep>ately ^? :i* are n %>$ by m54 ,if we br+ be=e our m9d's eye ! picture ( an ,engli% home1 we see t ! h\sehold "w is divid$ betwe5 ! mi/ress & ! s]vants4 ,:]e !re are gr[n-up daught]s1 !y sometimes help ! mi/ress 9 h] "w1 or ! s]vants 9 !irs1 b !y h no di/9ct functions ( _! own4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t 9 an inquiry relat+ to ! upp] & middle classes1 ! only home duties special to wom5 :i* c come "u review1 are ^? ( ! mi/ress ( ! h\sehold4 ,:at are h] functions8 ,^? ( gov]nm5t & adm9i/ration4 ,all h\sekeep]s w agree t ?is is ! "w !y h to d1 ?\gh !y may n be accu/om$ to call x by ^! names4 ,! inexp]i5c$ mi/ress compla9s1 n t %e does n "k h[ to cook1 or to sew1 or to keep ! furniture 9 ord]--^! arts1 if %e wants !m1 c be quickly acquir$2 h] p]plexity is h[ to manage ! s]vants4 ,to draw ! l9e betwe5 necess>y subord9ation & vexati\s int]f]5ce--to apportion to ea* a fair %>e ( "w1 & to see t ! "w is done--to be lib]al & consid]ate )\t ov]-indulg5ce1--^! are duties requir+ judgm5t1 mod]ation1 me?od1 decision1 (t5 no small %>e ( moral c\rage2 9 o!r words1 precisely ! same qualities :i* are want$ 9 gov]n+ bodies ( workpeople4 ,9 adm9i/ration also1 x is obvi\s t1 ?\gh on a diff]5t scale1 ! same sagacity1 prud5ce1 & =esight :i* w\ld make a woman successful 9 bus9ess1 w\ld conduce to ! economical managem5t ( dome/ic conc]ns4 ,! head ( a h\sehold wants an ideal to "w up to1 & ! gov]n+ & adm9i/rative p[] :i* w enable h] to c>ry out h] idea4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 motive is ! prim>y requisite4 ,a woman to :om hugg]mugg] is intol]able w f9d means ( escap+ f x--if necess>y1 by ! lab\r ( h] own h&s--m (t51 p]haps1 by ! skilful direction ( ! lab\r ( o!rs4 ,b "o :o has no inn] s5se ( ! beauty ( ord]1 to :om ! rhy?mic fl[ ( a well-gov]n$ h\sehold is an unmean+ conception1 or :o lacks ! gift ( ma/]y ov] details1 may be cook+ & sew+ & look+ aft] ?+s f morn+ till night2 %e may be anxi\sly ob$i5t to conv5tional regulations1 rigid 9 ! obs]vance ( c]emonies unmean+ 9 !mselves or unsuit$ to h] position2 ) all h] /riv+1 %e w nev] realise ! vision ( an ideal ,engli% home4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t fir/1 imag9ation1 comb9$ ) a c]ta9 s5sitiv5ess ( ref9em5t1 & secondly1 ! faculty ( gov]nm5t & adm9i/ration1 are ! qualifications *iefly necess>y = ! p]=mance ( home duties4 ,no education c be reli$ ^u z infallibly secur+ ^! r>e gifts2 b x may be assum$ t ext5sive read+ ( ! be/ books t5ds to cultivate imag9ation & ref9em5t1 & t a life ( active ex]tion t5ds to br+ out ! qualities :i* g to make up ! gov]n+ & adm9i/rative faculty2 & if s1 a lib]al education & ! pursuit ( a pr(ession are p]haps1 on ! :ole1 ! be/ tra9+ t ! conditions ( mod]n society c supply = ! special functions ( ! mi/ress ( a h\sehold4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be po9t$ out by practical p1 t ev5 suppos+ ! tra9+ to be good z reg>ds dome/ic life1 p>5ts w n ?r[ away _! money on a co/ly prep>ation = a pr(ession :i* is mo/ likely to be ab&on$ 9 a few ye>s2 & aga91 t ! cont+5cy ( m>riage is likely to act z a disc\ragem5t to girls1 mak+ !m s languid 9 endeav\r1 t !y w\ld h small *ance ( success 9 a pr(essional c>e]4 ,to ! la/ objection exp]i5ce w\ld n lead u to atta* mu* weight4 ,b suppos+ t1 ei!r ?r\gh want ( en]gy or p]sev]ance1 or f any o!r defici5cy1 wom5 %\ld take a l[ place 9 ! pr(essional ranks1 :at !n8 ,! object ( _! education w\ld h be51 n to set !m on a p9nacle ( di/9ction1 b to make !m useful lab\r]s2 & if ?is end 7 atta9$1 society1 at any rate1 w\ld h no reason to compla94 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t fa!rs are likely to hesitate 9 sp5d+ money on :at may seem a d\btful speculation z reg>ds pecuni>y returns4 ,& if m>riage necess>ily involves ! complete ab&onm5t ( a pr(ession1 ! *ances are some:at aga9/ pr(essional education z an inve/m5t ( capital1 ?\gh p]haps less s ?an w\ld at fir/ sight appe>4 ,( c\rse mu* dep5ds on ! am\nt ( money :i* x is necess>y to exp5d4 ,to take ! m$ical pr(ession1 z be+1 among ^? :i* wom5 are likely to ent]1 ! "o 9 :i* ! co/ ( tra9+ is probably ! highe/--x is a lib]al computation to all[ #ejj z cov]+ ! co/ ( in/ruction ov] & above ! p]sonal exp5ses1 :i* w\ld be go+ on all ! same :e!r a girl 7 be+ educat$ or n4 ,su* a sum w\ld1 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s ( successful practice1 be recov]$1 & any fur!r e>n+s w\ld be cle> ga94 ,no d\bt1 9 cases ( v e>ly m>riage1 a "p or ev5 ! :ole ( ! sum exp5d$ w\ld be sunk2 & ! result ( giv+ wom5 pr(essions w\ld probably be1 on ! :ole1 to enc\rage comp>atively e>ly m>riage1 p>tly by br++ p]sons ( cong5ial ta/es into mutual int]c\rse1 & p>tly by r5d]+ m>riages possible :i* w\ld o!rwise be flagrantly imprud5t4 ,b suppos+ t a woman m>ri$ a ri* man be=e %e _h begun to practise1 ! loss ( ! sum m5tion$ c\ld easily be sp>$4 ,if %e m>ri$ a poor man1 or a man dep5d5t on an unc]ta9 income1 ! sacrifice might be reg>d$ 9 ! light ( a sum paid = insurance--! provision ( a res\rce 9 case ( wid[hood or o!r mis=tune1 :i* x is well to h 9 res]ve1 ?\gh x may be /ill bett] nev] to want x4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 does m>riage necess>ily involve giv+ up a pr(ession8 ,on ! face ( x1 judg+ by exi/+ facts1 "o w\ld incl9e to ! contr>y view4 ,"s ( ! highe/ names 9 lit]ature & art are ^? ( m>ri$ wom52 _m s*oolmi/resses are m>ri$2 cl]gym5's wives notori\sly und]take a l>ge %>e ( extra-dome/ic "w2 & !re is no evid5ce t 9 any ( ^! cases ! husb&s are neglect$1 or ! *ildr5 worse br\ght up ?an o!r p's4 ,x seems to be =gott5 t wom5 h always be5 m>ri$4 ,m>riage is n a mod]n discov]y1 (f]+ a hi!rto untrodd5 field ( action = fem99e en]gy4 ,! novelty is1 t1 z has be5 said already1 ! old field has be5 invad$ & tak5 possession ( by ma*9]y4 ,! m>ri$ ladies ( =m] days1 in/ead ( sitt+ 9 draw+-rooms1 eat+ ! bread ( idl5ess1 got ?r\gh a va/ am\nt ( h\sehold bus9ess1 :i* _! successors _c possibly d1 simply because x is n !re to be done4 ,an educat$ woman1 ( active1 me?odical habits1 bless$ ) good s]vants1 z good mi/resses g5]ally are1 f9ds an h\r a day amply suffici5t = h] h\sekeep+4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by spread+ x out ov] a long] "t4#e ,all[+ a fair m>g9 = :at are te*nically call$ #8social' claims1 !re rema9s a surplus1 ( c\rse v>y+ v consid]ably 9 ext5t1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! "q !n arises1 :e!r a m>ri$ woman1 hav+ "t & en]gy to sp>e1 may or may n legitimately sp5d x1 if %e likes1 ei!r 9 def9itely pr(essional "w1 or 9 ! unpaid public s]vices1 :i*1 :5 s]i\sly und]tak51 con/itute some?+ ne>ly equival5t to a pr(ession4 ,inasmu* z ! adoption ( su* a c\rse w\ld mo/ probably effect "s *ange 9 ! aspect ( family life1 x is reasonable to ask :e!r su* *ange is likely to be = good or = evil2 & any objections :i* may sugge/ !mselves ought to be respectfully consid]$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ obvi\s is ! fe> t a pr(ession might prove a sn>e1 lead+ to ! neglect ( humbl] & m irksome duties4 ,& x is "r to admit frankly t ! appreh5sion may n be altoge!r gr\ndless4 ,m4 ,simon1 inde$1 ass]ts1 ) ! happy confid5ce we are all s apt to display on matt]s ( :i* we h _h no exp]i5ce1 t h\sehold drudg]y1 #8?\gh v labori\s1 is agreeable to wom52' & ,sydney ,smi? has made m]ry ov] ! notion t a "m w\ld des]t an infant = a quadratic equation4 ,& ( c\rse1 put 9 t extreme way1 ! idea is ridicul\s4 ,b look+ at ! case broadly--putt+ on "o side ! little frett+ c>es & worries ( dome/ic life1 & on ! o!r ! l>g] & m g5ial int]e/s ( pr(essional "w1 x may be confess$ t a temptation might v possibly arise to %irk ! less engag+ task4 ,b x does n foll[ t because a temptation exi/s1 x mu/ be irresi/ible4 ,to con/ruct a plan ( life absolutely free f temptation is a simple impossibility1 ev5 suppos+ x to be desirable4 ,e c>e] has its sn>es1 & a life ( n>r[ int]e/s & responsibilities is no exception to ! rule4 ,! true safegu>d seems to consi/1 n 9 re/ra9ts & limitations1 b 9 a vivid s5se ( all t is involv$ 9 ! clos] relation%ips1 & 9 a /eadfa/ habit ( submission to duty4 ,9 ! pres5t case x may be not$ t1 h[ev] fasc9at+ ! temptation may be1 x is at any rate op5 & well und]/ood4 ,x is n a pitfall1 :i* any "o c\ld walk into unaw>es ?r\gh ignorance ( its exi/5ce4 ,! p>am\nt importance ( home duties is en=c$ by all ! sanctions ( an ov]:elm+ public op9ion4 ,any neglect is liable to be puni%$1 n only by ! imm$iate discom=t aris+ f x1 b by univ]sal disapproval4 ,an (f5ce aga9/ :i* ! w>n+s are s trumpet-tongu$1 & ( :i* ! consequ5ces are s ?or\ghly disagreeable1 c sc>cely be v dang]\sly attractive4 ,if x is admitt$ t pr(essional wom5 are likely1 or at lea/ z likely z o!rs1 to be bo? able & dilig5t 9 ! dis*>ge ( family obligations1 ano!r objection may be rais$1 f\nd$ on ! appreh5sion t a simil>ity ( pursuits w\ld produce an unpleasant simil>ity betwe5 m5 & wom54 ,"o ( ! mo/ plausible argum5ts 9 behalf ( dissimil> education is t :i* re/s on ! g5]al desirabl5ess ( v>iety4 ,we d n want to be all alike4 ,! c\rse ( civilisation t5ds1 x is said1 already too /rongly t[>ds uni=mity4 #8,= 8gr\nd 9 yond] social mill1 ,we rub ea* o!r's angles d[n1 ,& lose10 he said1 89 =m & gloss ,! picturesque ( man & man40' ,& if x c\ld be %[n t ! isolation ( ! sexes produces v>iety ( ! be/ k9d1 & to ! greate/ possible ext5t1 x w\ld no d\bt be a /rong argum5t 9 its fav\r4 ,b x is que/ionable :e!r ?is is ! be/ means ( obta9+ v>iety4 ,z !re c be no unanimity on matt]s ( :i* "o p>ty is ignorant1 s also1 9 ! same s5se1 !re c be no div]sity4 ,we d n obta9 two views ( a subject by incapacitat+ "o ( ! p>ties f tak+ any view at all4 ,if ! diff]5ces betwe5 m5 & wom5 are su* t !y are pr$ispos$ to treat :atev] comes be=e !m 9 a some:at diff]5t mann]1 we %all get great] v>iety by pres5t+ to bo? ! mo/ important subjects ( ?\ght1 ?an by sort+ out subjects into classes & submitt+ ea* to a k9d ( class treatm5t4 ,& s also z to me?ods ( tra9+4 ,x seems likely t a m heal?ily div]sifi$ type ( "* w be obta9$ by cultivat+ ! common human elem5t1 & leav+ individual diff]5ces free to develop !mselves1 ?an by divid+ mank9d into two great sections & =c+ ea* into a m\ld4 ,y may inde$ obta9 div]sity by mutilation or di/ortion4 ,y may make a girl unlike a boy by %utt+ h] up1 giv+ h] insuffici5t air & ex]cise1 & tea*+ h] t grace & ref9em5t are synonym\s ) affectation & feebl5ess4 ,y may make a boy unlike a girl by tea*+ him to c>e = no?+ b out-(-door sports1 & by mak+ him believe t he is %[+ _s :5 he is rude & selfi%4 ,b ?is is n ! k9d ( v>iety t any "o s]i\sly wi%es to cultivate4 ,x may "h p]haps be argu$ on ! o!r h&1 t to give wives pr(essions w\ld t5d to sep>ate !m f _! husb&s by ?r[+ !m into a society ( _! own1 & lead+ !m to set up a di/9ct set ( indep5d5t int]e/s1--t :]eas a wife n[ ?r[s h]self into h] husb&'s conc]ns1 los+ sight ( h]self 9 h] sympa?y ) him1 %e w\ld1 if %e _h a pursuit ( h] own1 be l$ a/ray by ambition1 occupi$ ) h] own aims1 absorb$ 9 a curr5t ( life ap>t f 84 ,"h aga9 x may be admitt$ t ! dang] might1 9 v r>e cases1 possibly exi/4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! risk seems to be mu* m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by a v /rong t5d5cy 9 an exactly opposite direction4 ,9 _m cases1 ! pr(ession ( bo? w\ld be ! same1 judg+ by pres5t exp]i5ce4 ,arti/s m>ry arti/s1 cl]gym5's daught]s m>ry cl]gym51 lit]>y wom5 (t51 ?\gh n always1 m>ry lit]>y m51 m$ical wom5 w\ld probably m>ry m$ical m51 & s on4 ,x is likely t a man :o *ose to m>ry a pr(essional woman at all w\ld m>ry 9 8 own pr(ession4 ,b suppos+ x 7 o!rwise1 a woman :o _h "w simil>1 ?\gh n 9 all respects id5tical ) t ( h] husb&1 w\ld be m able ?an "o ^: occupation 0 ( an entirely ali5 "*1 to sympa?ise ) him 9 8 difficulties & 9 8 successes4 ,%e w\ld und]/& !m & ent] into !m ) a fir/-h& k9d ( int]e/1 full] & m intellig5t1 if n m g5u9e1 ?an a m]ely reflect$ int]e/ c\ld be4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be at lea/ z easy = a husb& to ent] into int]e/s some:at ak9 to 8 own1 z into ! small dome/ic worries :i* fill s l>ge a space 9 ! ?\ghts & imag9ations ( wom5 :o h no?+ else to occupy !m4 ,!re are _m wives :o really h v little to talk to _! husb&s ab\t1 except ! virtues or ! crimes ( s]vants1 & ! little gossip ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,if _! husb&s w n li/5 to :at !y h to say on ^! subjects1 !y are oblig$ to take refuge 9 sil5ce4 ,! enorm\s loss to g5]al culture entail$ by ! solitude ( ! male intellect is v little ?\ght (4 ,yet x w\ld seem obvi\s en\gh t *ildr5 br\ght up 9 a home :]e ! ev]yday conv]sation is ( a some:at ?\ghtful & lit]>y ca/1 h an imm5se />t z comp>$ ) ^? :o le>n no?+ unconsci\sly1 & are oblig$ to ga!r all _! k labori\sly f books4 ,social & dome/ic int]c\rse is an educational in/rum5t l>gely us$ 9 cultivat$ circles4 ,9 ! great mass ( ,engli% society x is sc>cely us$ at all1 = ?is obvi\s reason1 t education is 9 great "p onesid$1 & ! easy int]*ange ( ?\ght is !re=e impossible4 ,a slight infusion ( an intellectual elem5t w\ld g f> to expel ! gossip & ! microscopic criticism ( "o's neighb\rs1 :i* =ms s l>ge & s degrad+ a "p 9 ! dome/ic talk ( ! middle classes4 ,! m5tal ef=t ne$ n be a sev]e "o4 ,talk may be v small1 & yet h a c]ta9 dignity1 if x t\*es ev5 b lightly on elevat+ subjects4 ,x is ! ef=t to draw up conv]sation f empty wells t we>ies ! _s1 & drives ev5 goodnatur$ p into sc&al & sl&]4 ,contra/ ! =c$ & insipid small talk ( ord9>y society1 resort$ to by way ( recreation1 b 9 ! la/ degree unrefre%+ 9 its nature1 ) ! spontane\s ov]fl[+s ( a cultivat$ m9d4 #8,%e spake su* good ?\ghts natural1 z if %e always ?\ght !m-- ,%e _h sympa?ies s rapid1 op51 free z bird on bran*1 ,j z ready to fly ea/ z we/1 :i*ev] way bes\ght !m1 ,9 ! bir*5 wood a *irrup1 or a cock-cr[ 9 ! grange4 ,9 h] utmo/ lightness !re is tru?--& (t5 %e speaks lightly1 ,has a grace 9 be+ gay1 :i* ev5 m\rnful s\ls approve2 ,= ! root ( "s grave e>ne/ ?\ght is "u-/ruck s rightly1 ,z to ju/ify ! foliage & ! wav+ fl[]s above4' ,x is 9 fact z a means ( br++ m5 & wom5 toge!r1 & bridg+ ov] ! intellectual gulf betwe5 !m1 t a m lib]al education & a l>g] scope = wom5 are *iefly to be desir$4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out by a well-kn[n essayi/1 t #8! purpose ( education is n always to fo/] natural gifts1 b sometimes to br+ out faculties t might o!rwise rema9 dormant2 & especially s f> z to make ! p]sons educat$ cognisant ( excell5ce 9 ^? faculties 9 o!rs4' ,& ev5 suppos+ x c\ld be prov$ t ! sep>ate sy/ems are em95tly successful 9 develop+ c]ta9 peculi>ly mascul9e or fem99e gifts1 ! result w\ld be de>ly pur*as$ by ! sacrifice ( mutual und]/&+ & appreciation4 ,oddly en\gh1 x is (t5 assum$ t ! only way ( gett+ husb&s & wives to agree is to keep !m well ap>t4 ,common gr\nd1 x is tak5 = grant$1 mu/ ( c\rse be a battle gr\nd4 ,if ! !ory ( ! peculi>ly receptive "* ( ! female intellect has any tru? 9 x1 x might be expect$ to be r ! o!r way1 & t wives w\ld1 z a rule1 be only too ready to adopt _! husb&s' op9ions4 ,9 any case1 contact has an und\bt$ t5d5cy to produce unanimity1 & ! *ances are !re=e 9 fav\r ( agreem5t4 ,& t !re %\ld be intellig5t agreem5t1 a community ( ?\ght & feel+1 on all matt]s ( importance1 is surely ! fir/ necessity = ! heal?y & h>moni\s developm5t ( family life4 ,m4 ,simon has drawn a vivid picture ( ! influ5ce on *ildr5 ( discordance betwe5 fa!rs & mo!rs1 ev5 :5 !re is no?+ l an op5 rupture4 #8,cette femme qu'une religieuse a =me et cet homme n\rri des doctr9es de tolrance1 peut-tre d'indiffr5ce1 m>is ensemble1 sont un vivant ana*ronisme4 ,la femme e/ du dix-septime sicle et l'homme de la f9 du dix-huitime4 ,admettons qu'ils viv5t en bonne intellig5ce1 elle le croyant damn1 lui la jugeant fanatique4 ,qu'arriv]a-t-il1 qu& leur t\r1 ils enseign]ont8 ,et ils enseign]ont2 tre pre1 tre mre1 c'e/ enseign]4 ,la mre rpt]a sa doctr9e1 puise au c\v5t2 le pre1 p> prud5ce1 se taira4 ,se taira-t-il8 ,si mme il pr5d cela sur lui1 son sil5ce s]a comm5t p> ses actes4 ,et que p5s]a l'enfant de cette contradiction1 aussitt qu'il p5s]a8 ,il condamn]a l'un ou l'autre1 peut-tre l'un et l'autre4 ,plus il aura l'esprit puissant1 plus vite il p]dra respect4444 ,il semble des esprits sans porte que l'indiffr5ce et la foi vivront bi5 ensemble1 p>ce que l'une exige et l'autre cde2 mais cd] une croyance sans l'accept]1 c'e/ ne pas tre4 ,la paix entre deux mes e/ possible qu& elle e/ fonde sur l'id5tit de foi2 elle e/ encore possible qu& elle e/ fonde sur le respect rciproque d'une foi div]se et s9cre2 mais appel] paix cette abs5ce de lutte qui nat de l'indiffr5ce1 c'e/ confondre la paix avec la dfaite et la vie avec le nant4' ,! au?or ( #8,v9c5zo' has giv5 9 t rem>kable /ory a view too pa9fully lifelike to be disbeliev$1 ( ! conjugal mis]y result+ f a pr(\nd dissonance betwe5 a husb& & wife on religi\s & political que/ions1 & ass]ts t ! wreck ( dome/ic happ9ess s graphically pictur$ repres5ts a reality f> f uncommon4 #8,w\ld to ,god1' he exclaims1 #8t ! case 7 an isolat$ "o6 ,b no2 !re is sc>cely any corn] 9 ,italy1 sc>cely any corn] 9 ,europe1 t does n exhibit pl5ty ( su* & worse4' ,su* a /ate ( ?+s c\ld sc>cely exi/ 9 ,engl&4 ,! c\nt]act+ influ5ces are too _m & too /rong4 ,b x _c be said t we are exempt f dang]4 ,9 h[ _m ,engli% families wives & si/]s are cl++ bl9dly to traditional beliefs & obs]vances1 f :i* husb&s & bro!rs are turn+ away ) indiff]5ce or dislike4 ,h[ natural ! transition f ! !ory :i* assigns #8to ! "o ! supremacy ( ! head1 to ! o!r t ( ! he>t'--to t fur!r division :i* attributes to ! "o ,reason1 to ! o!r ,fai?4 ,he>tless ,rationalism & imbecile cr$ulity6 ,is x 9 ! union ( ^! feeble & j>r+ tones t we %all f9d ! full *ord ( family h>mony8 ,ought we n r to turn ) suspicion f ^! artificial attempts to apportion attributes & duties8 ,may we n welcome1 z at lea/ a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 a *ange 9 our conv5tional habits1 :i* may ext5d1 ?\gh 9 ev] s small a degree1 ! region ( common ?\ghts & aims1 common hopes & disappo9tm5ts1 common joys & common sorr[s8 ,,footnotes3 #e ,on ! occasion ( a rec5t vacancy 9 ! secret>y%ip ( a b5evol5t society sev]al ( ! c&idates 7 m>ri$ wom54 ,"o gave1 z h] reasons = apply+1 #8lonel9ess & want ( employm5t4' ,9 ano!r case1 ! application 0 made by a husb& on behalf ( 8 wife4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,specific ,,sugge/ions4 ,if x be admitt$ t ! law ( human duty is ! same = bo? sexes1 & if ! specific functions belong+ to ea* dem& sub/antially ! same qualities = _! p]=mance1 x appe>s to foll[ t ! education requir$ is likely to be1 9 its broad] & m ess5tial features1 ! same4 ,:at t education ought to be has lately be5 mu* discuss$1 b at pres5t )\t mu* sign ( approa*+ unanimity4 ,t !re %\ld be great diff]5ce ( op9ion is natural1 inasmu* z almo/ e "o is incl9$ to recomm5d = univ]sal adoption j :at he happ5s to l be/ himself2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a few p ( a diff]5t turn ( m9d are dispos$ to und]value :at !y possess !mselves1 & to give extra cr$it to subjects or me?ods1 ! insuffici5cy ( :i* has n be5 br\ght home to !m by p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! education ( girls ! selection ( subjects seems to be direct$ by no pr9ciple :atev]4 ,/rong prote/s are rais$ aga9/ assimilat+ x to t ( boys2 b v little is said z to ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* x ought to diff]4 ,! pres5t di/ribution is1 inde$1 some:at :imsical4 ,inasmu* z "y m5 g into (fices :]e !y h to conduct =eign correspond5ce1 &1 z !y travel ab\t all ov] ! _w1 !y are taught ! dead languages4 ,z woman's place is ! dome/ic he>?1 & z middle class wom5 r>ely see a =eign]1 !y are taught mod]n languages ) a special view to facility 9 speak+4 ,z m5 are suppos$ to "w ) _! heads all day1 & h no?+ 9 ! _w to d :5 !y are indispos$ = read+ b to smoke or to g to sleep1 !y are taught nei!r music nor draw+4 ,z wom5 h always ! res\rce ( ne$lework1 !y le>n music & draw+ besides4 ,z wom5 are n expect$ to take "p 9 political affairs1 !y are taught hi/ory4 ,z m5 d1 boys le>n ma!matics in/ead4 ,9 physical sci5ce1 a/ronomy & botany are consid]$ ! ladies' dep>tm5t4 ,*emi/ry & me*anics be+ ! bran*es mo/ directly applicable to dome/ic uses1 are res]v$ = boys4 ,^! di/9ctions ought r1 h[ev]1 to be spok5 ( z a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,! educators ( boys & girls respectively are le>n+ & borr[+ f ea* o!r4#f ,an approximation is already 9 progress1 9 :i* ! encroa*m5t1 if x be an encroa*m5t1 is *iefly f ! side ( boys2 = :ile ,lat9 & ma!matics are sl[ly mak+ _! way into girls' s*ools1 we f9d t 9 ! ,univ]sity local exam9ations1 music1 draw+1 & mod]n languages h f ! beg9n+ be5 recognis$ z desirable = boys4 ,x is1 l mo/ o!r ?+s1 v mu* a "q ( degree4 ,! sy/em ( mutual isolation has nev] be5 ?or\ghly c>ri$ out4 ,ev5 ^? :o hold mo/ /rongly t classics & ma!matics are prop] = boys1 & mod]n languages & ! f9e arts = girls1 leave z common gr\nd ! wide field ( ,engli% lit]ature1 9 itself almo/ an education4 ,to a l>ge ext5t m5 & wom5 read ! same books1 magaz9es1 & newspap]s2 & ?\gh 9 ! highe/ class ( lit]ature1 writt5 by s*ol>s = s*ol>s1 &1 !re=e1 full ( classical & sci5tific allusions1 !re is mu* t wom5 only half und]/&1 ! defici5cy "u :i* !y lab\r is %>$ by _m male read]s4 ,probably1 aft] all1 x matt]s less :at is nom9ally taught1 ?an t1 :atev] x is1 x %\ld be taught 9 ! be/ way4 ,any subject may be made flat & unpr(itable if un9tellig5tly taught2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is sc>cely any?+ :i* may n be made an in/rum5t ( intellectual discipl9e1 if wisely us$4 ,!n1 aga91 all bran*es ( k are s closely connect$ & mutually dep5d5t1 t x is sc>cely possible to le>n any?+ :i* w n be f\nd m or less useful h]eaft] 9 le>n+ some?+ else4 ,ev5 ! mu* despis$ & d5\nc$ #8smatt]+ ( _m ?+s1' has its m]its 9 ?is way1 z well z 9 giv+ a c]ta9 bread? ( vision1 by op5+ vi/as into innum]able fields ( k1 nev] to be explor$ by any s+le human be+4 ,! degree 9 :i* ! /udy ( c]ta9 subjects cultivates c]ta9 faculties is a matt] on :i* we are f> f agree+4 ,nor is x decid$--9 fact we h sc>cely begun to discuss--:at faculties mo/ ne$ cultivation4 ,9 ! middle classes ! imag9ation seems to be ! "o 9 :i* ! defici5cy is mo/ m>k$4 ,e n[ & !n "s "o recomm5ds ma!matics = girls z a curb to ! imag9ation4 ,x might be z well fir/ to asc]ta9 :e!r ! imag9ations ( commonplace girls want to be curb$2 :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 !y d n want r to be awak5$ & set to "w1 ) some?+ to "w ^u4 ,! bus9ess ( ! imag9ation is n m]ely to build ca/les 9 ! air1 ?\gh t is1 no d\bt1 a useful & comm5dable ex]cise2 x has o!r & mo/ important duties to p]=m4 ,=1 manife/ly1 an unimag9ative p]son is de/itute ( "o ( ! ma9 elem5ts ( sympa?y4 ,probably1 if ! tru? 7 kn[n1 x w\ld be f\nd t inju/ice & unk9dness are comp>atively seldom caus$ by h>%ness ( disposition4 ,!y are ! result ( an incapacity = imag9+ ourselves to be somebody else4 ,any "o :o has tri$ x mu/ be aw>e ( ! enorm\s difficulty ( conceiv+ ! /ate ( m9d ( a paup] or a ?ief4 ,! same difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 a degree by any "o 9 easy circum/ances 9 realis+ ! condition & look+ f ! po9t ( view ( a v poor1 or comp>atively poor p]son4 ,x is probably equally difficult to ord9>y m9ds to imag9e ! condition ( always hav+ m money ?an y q "k :at to d )4 ,! abs5ce ( sympa?y betwe5 y\? & age is traceable to ! same want4 ,old p h ei!r =gott5 _! own y\?1 or !y rememb] x too well1 & fall into ! n less fatal mi/ake ( suppos+ t ! new y\? is l _! own4 ,"y p1 on _! "p1 are equally at a loss to und]/& :at x is to be old4 ,9 all ! relations ( life1 ! want ( imag9ation produces defective sympa?y1 & defective sympa?y br+s 9 its tra9 all sorts ( vague & intol]able evils4 ,9 e bran* ( /udy a vivid imag9ation is a mo/ p[]ful ag5t1 aid+ ! memory1 & br++ cle>ly be=e ! m9d ! mat]ials on :i* a judgm5t has to be =m$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! place to discuss ! comp>ative importance ( ! m5tal faculties4 ,)\t go+ into ! details ( :at1 or h[ to tea*1 x w be m to ! purpose to inquire :e!r !re are any g5]al measures1 ! work+ ( :i* is likely to be b5eficial1 let ! subjects & ! me?ods ( in/ruction be :at !y may4 ,among ! mo/ necess>y1 & ! mo/ easily & imm$iately applicable1 is ! ext5sion to wom5 ( su* exam9ations z dem& a high /&>d ( atta9m5t4 ,! te/ ( a se>*+ exam9ation is indisp5sable z a gu>antee = ! qualifications ( tea*]s2 x is want$ z a /imulus by "y wom5 /udy+ ) no imm$iate object 9 view1 & no inc5tive to ex]tion o!r ?an ! high1 b dim & di/ant1 purpose ( self-culture4 ,?is purpose1 reg>d$ 9 its be>+ on ! g5]al welf>e1 is inde$ hon\rable & animat+1 & e o!r mu/ be subord9ate to x4 ,b we mu/ n =get t we h to deal ) human & v imp]fect be+s2 & x is n difficult to believe t "y wom5 ( only av]age en]gy & p]sev]ance1 :ile work+ 9 ! ma9 t[>ds ! high] end1 may yet ne$ an occasionally recurr+ /age )9 sight1 z an allurem5t to draw !m on1 & to help !m 9 _! /ruggle ) ! temptations to indol5ce :i* lie ?ick ab\t _! pa?4 ,! fact ( hav+ an exam9ation to "w =1 w\ld n only be a /imulus to !mselves1 x w\ld also s]ve z a def5ce aga9/ idle companions1 ^: solicitations x is h>d to refuse on ! m]e gr\nd ( an ab/ract love ( le>n+4 ,! want ( exam9ations = wom5 is n a new discov]y4 ,s long ago z #ahda1 ,dr ,arnold wrote to ,mr ,ju/ice ,col]idge3--#8,i feel q z /rongly z y d ! extreme difficulty ( giv+ to girls :at really des]ves ! "n ( education intellectually4 ,:5 ---- 0 "y1 ,i us$ to tea* h] "s ,lat9 ) h] bro!rs1 & t has be51 ,i ?9k1 ( real use to h]1 & %e feels x n[ 9 read+ & translat+ ,g]man1 ( :i* %e does a great deal4 ,b !re is no?+ = girls l ! ,degree exam9ation1 :i* conc5trates "o's read+ s beautifully1 & makes "o ma/] a c]ta9 numb] ( books p]fectly4 ,& unless we _h a dome/ic exam9ation = "y ladies1 to be pass$ be=e !y come out1 & ano!r1 l ! great g1 be=e !y come ( age1 ,i d n see h[ ! ?+ c ev] be effect$4 ,s]i\sly1 ,i d n see h[ we c supply suffici5t enc\ragem5t = sy/ematic & labori\s read+1 or h[ we c insure _m ?+s be+ reta9$ at once fully 9 ! m9d1 :5 we are :olly )\t ! ma*9]y :i* we h = our boys4' ,9 ano!r lett]1 speak+ ( ! ne$ ( cont9ual que/ion+ 9 ! case ( a boy1 he says1 #8,he wants ?is1 & he wants x daily1 n only to int]e/ & excite him1 b to dispel :at is v apt to gr[ ar\nd a lonely read] n con/antly que/ion$--a haze ( indi/9ctness z to a consci\sness ( 8 own k or ignorance2 he takes a vague impression = a def9ite "o1 an imp]fect notion = "o t is full & complete1 & 9 ?is way he is cont9ually deceiv+ himself4' ,?is is an exact description ( ! /ate ( ! "y female m9d1 ev5 :]e !re has be5 consid]able cultivation4 ,wom5 h #8g5]al ideas1' :i* int]e/ & occupy _! m9ds1 b produce little fruit1 ow+ to _! incomplet5ess & unc]ta9ty4 ,( c\rse1 x w\ld be absurd to recomm5d exam9ations z an infallible cure = ?is or any o!r m5tal defect4 ,! famili> objections1 t !re are _m ?+s :i* no exam9ation c te/2 t !y sometimes enc\rage cram & *eck orig9ality2 & t1 :5 abus$1 !y fo/] ambition1 & cause ov]excitem5t & ov]work--no d\bt h "s tru? 9 !m4 ,b ! "q is :e!r1 on ! :ole1 exam9ations "w = good or = evil2 & ! te/imony ( long exp]i5ce seems to be /rongly 9 _! fav\r4 ,to refuse to te/ k1 because y _c by ! same process judge ( moral excell5ce1 is ab\t z wise z to say t a man ought n to eat1 because1 unless he also takes ex]cise1 he w n be 9 good heal?4 ,cram is no d\bt a v bad ?+1 b x is n a necess>y antec$5t ( exam9ations2 &1 aft] all1 !re are alt]natives worse ?an cramm+4 ,x may be bett] ev5 to cram ?an to leave ! m9d q empty2 & ?\gh ! ^w has become1 by p]petual reit]ation1 closely associat$ ) ! idea ( exam9ations1 x is z well to rememb] t x is q possible = k to be equally undige/$1 :e!r x has be5 got up = an exam9ation or n4 ,z to fo/]+ ambition1 ! "q seems to be1 :e!r x is possible1 or ev5 desirable1 entirely to eradicate x1 & :e!r to direct x t[>ds a respectable object1 ! pursuit ( :i* at lea/ implies "s good moral qualities1 may n be useful z div]t+ x f t meane/ ( aims--! only "o held up indiscrim9ately to wom5 ( e grade--t ( %9+ 9 society4 ,! dang] ( injury to heal?1 ?r\gh excitem5t & ov]work1 is )9 ! control ( p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,z reg>ds girls1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,cambridge local exam9ations has prov$ beyond a d\bt t1 :]e ord9>y common s5se is practis$1 !re is no risk :atev] ( ?is sort4 ,!re are at pres5t no exam9ations op5 to wom5 ( su* /&+ z to con/itute a fitt+ te/ ( advanc$ s*ol>%ip4 ,! exam9ations ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 be+ prim>ily int5d$ = artisans1 are manife/ly inadequate2 & ! ,univ]sity local exam9ations are limit$ to /ud5ts "u eighte54 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 hav+ adopt$ ! pr9ciple ( mak+ its exam9ations simply a te/ & /&>d ( acquirem5t1 )\t en=c+ ^u /ud5ts t _! k %\ld h be5 acquir$ by att5dance at college lectures1 or "u any p>ticul> sy/em1 is 9 a peculi>ly fav\rable position = giv+ assi/ance 9 ?is matt]4 ,! ext5sion ( ! ,london exam9ations to wom5 ne$ pres5t no great] difficulties ?an ^? :i* h be5 already ov]come 9 ?r[+ op5 ! ,cambridge local exam9ations to girls1 & w\ld g f> t[>ds supply+ a want :i* e day becomes m press+4 ,! access to progressive exam9ations1 ( su* a "* z to te/ & atte/ advanc$ atta9m5ts1 w\ld1 !re is e reason to believe1 at once beg9 to "w 9 l5g!n+ ! p]iod ( /udy4 ,x w\ld probably tell fir/ ^u ! ladies' colleges2 b its influ5ce w\ld n be limit$ to college /ud5ts4 ,:]e circum/ances make x inconv5i5t = a girl to att5d classes1 x may /ill be practicable = h] to pursue h] /udies at home1 s long z !re is "s def9ite & intelligible object 9 view4 ,an ess5tial requisite is ! use ( a room :]e %e c be secure f trivial int]ruptions4 ,?is might seem obvi\s en\gh2 b ^? :o "k any?+ ( family life 9 ! middle class are aw>e t x is a privilege r>ely accord$ to "y wom54 ,! be/ tea*+ )9 rea* w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be a great assi/ance1 b w\ld n be 9 all cases indisp5sable4 ,an increase 9 ! numb] ( colleges & a high] /&>d ( effici5cy w\ld be ! natural result ( reta9+ ! /ud5ts "u in/ruction = a long] "t1 & ?is aga9 w\ld improve ! quality ( tea*]s4 ,probably some?+ m w\ld /ill be requir$ 9 ! way ( tra9+ = tea*]s4 ,x seems to be ! op9ion ( ! p]sons be/ qualifi$ to judge1 t "s te*nical in/ruction is requir$ z a prep>ation = tea*+1 & t su* in/ruction might be obta9$ by tak+ a %ort c\rse at a tra9+-college at ! end ( a g5]al education4 ,! ladies' colleges may fairly be expect$ to supply #8! education ( a lady4' ,! special tra9+ = any p>ticul> pr(ession mu/ be obta9$ 9 di/9ct s*ools4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 applies to e bran* ( art4 ,x applies also to ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,!re is at pres5t no m$ical s*ool = wom52 & individual /ud5ts are !re=e oblig$ to obta9 ! necess>y in/ruction privately4 ,x is to be wi%$ t "o ( ! ,london hospitals1 n connect$ ) any exi/+ m$ical s*ool1 %\ld be res]v$ = female /ud5ts & classes =m$ 9 connexion ) x4 ,if ?is 7 done1 z x probably w\ld be on ! application ( a suffici5t numb] ( /ud5ts1 ! education ( m$ical wom5 w\ld be provid$ =4 ,! prep>ation = bus9ess is1 9 mo/ cases1 simply a matt] ( arrangem5t1 requir+ no?+ b ! good w & he>ty concurr5ce ( ! ma/]s4 ,! easie/ ?+ w\ld be = fa!rs to br+ up _! daught]s to _! own bus9ess2 &1 no d\bt1 ?is w\ld (t5 be done1 if cu/om p]mitt$4 ,x is ! fe> ( public op9ion--( excit+ a/oni%m5t & rem>k--t1 probably m ?an any o!r cause1 imposes ^u p>5ts :at !y feel to be a sort ( moral & social obligation to keep _! daught]s idle4 ,9 addition to o!r h9drances 9 ! way ( giv+ a ?or\gh education to girls1 !re is "o :i* presses heavily on p]sons ( n>r[ incomes--namely1 its co/l9ess z comp>$ ) t ( boys4 ,?is is a fact1 not)/&+ ! o!r fact1 t ! tea*]s ( girls are1 z a rule1 mu* worse paid ?an ! tea*]s ( boys4 ,x is traceable to two causes--! abs5ce ( end[m5ts1 & ! smallness ( girls' s*ools4 ,bo? ^! causes are removable4 ,) reg>d to end[m5ts1 !re is reason to believe t a l>ge proportion ( ^? :i* are n[ appropriat$ to ! use ( boys 7 orig9ally int5d$ = bo? sexes4 ,! f\nd]s d n seem to h kn[n any?+ ab\t ! mod]n !ories ( sep>ate education1 &1 :5 !y e/abli%$ a s*ool1 _h no idea ( exclud+ any ( #8! *ildr5' ( ! p>i% or k9 :i* x 0 design$ to b5efit4 ,x is noticeable t1 9 cases :]e girls happ5 to be expressly m5tion$ 9 ! f\ndation de$s1 ,lat9 & acc\nts are almo/ inv>iably nam$ 9 ! c\rse ( in/ruction laid d[n4 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! p]man5t usefulness ( end[m5ts4 ,"s p ?9k !y d m h>m ?an good1 & w\ld l to get rid ( !m altoge!r4 ,?is seems a some:at extreme view2 &1 at any rate1 z ! end[m5ts exi/1 some?+ mu/ be done ) !m4 ,if x is = ! g5]al good t education %\ld be mu* m exp5sive1 &1 !re=e1 mu* m difficult to get1 = a girl ?an = a boy2 or if ! balance is r$ress$ by great] will+ness on ! "p ( p>5ts to make sacrifices 9 behalf ( _! daught]s1 x may be well to let ! pres5t di/ribution /&4 ,b x appe>s r t ! education ( wom5 is at pres5t exactly at ! /age at :i* artificial support is want$4 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* x might be appli$4 ,probably ! mo/ useful at ! pres5t juncture w\ld be ! f\ndation ( exhibitions & s*ol>%ips1 aw>d$ "u su* v>y+ conditions z to give !m ! wide/ possible range4 ,tak+ ! middle classes g5]ally1 !re seems to be no reason :y !y %\ld n pay = ! education ( _! *ildr5 at co/ price2 b !re are _m exceptions1 & ! legitimate use ( all eleemosyn>y aid seems to be to meet special cases ( mis=tune4 ,= ?is reason x is desirable t1 besides exhibitions & s*ol>%ips aw>d$ aft] a competitive exam9ation--:i* w\ld act z an enc\ragem5t to indu/ry & ability--!re %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( gov]nors & tru/ees a p[] ( conf]r+ free or assi/$ education )\t competition4 ,s*ol>%ips might be t5able at elem5t>y s*ools1 at a college1 at a m$ical s*ool1 or at s*ools ( art2 or !re might be exhibitions available = appr5tice%ip to any pr(ession or trade :atsoev]1 at ! discretion ( ! tru/ees4 ,9 ! meantime1 )\t any aid f public s\rces1 a good deal might be done by a m judici\s use ( exi/+ means4 ,! pres5t mode ( c>ry+ on girls' s*ools involves an enorm\s wa/e ( tea*+ p[]4 ,fifte5 or tw5ty girls absorb a /aff amply suffici5t = ?ree or f\r times ! numb]4 ,?is is inevitable 9 small s*ools2 & ! consequ5ce foll[s1 t 9 _m bo>d+s*ools = girls ! t]ms are consid]ably high] ?an at ,rugby or ,h>r[4 ,x is d\btful :e!r v l>ge bo>d+s*ools w\ld "w well2 b ! difficulty may be got ov] 9 ano!r way1 by e/abli%+ a ?or\ghly good day-s*ool1 & clu/]+ r\nd x bo>d+h\ses ( mod]ate size1 accord+ to ! dem&4 ,9 places l ,blackhea?1 ,clapham1 ,/ ,john's ,wood1 or 9 any locality :]e girls' s*ools congregate1 ?is plan might be adopt$1 & w\ld comb9e _m ( ! respective advantages ( l>ge & small s*ools4 ,! facilities = classification1 companion%ip 9 /udy1 heal?y public _s1 & a g5]al k9d ( op5-air9ess :i* g ) l>ge numb]s1 w\ld be f\nd 9 ! s*ool4 ,! bo>d+h\ses w\ld h ! quietness & some?+ ( ! dome/ic "* :i* x is difficult to get 9 a h\sehold conduct$ on a v l>ge scale4 ,! popul>ity ( small bo>d+s*ools is probably *iefly ow+ to _! fanci$ resemblance to a home circle4 ,!re is an impression t a gr\p ( girls1 all ab\t ! same age1 & )\t fa!r or bro!rs1 con/itute some?+ l a family4 ,x is really mu* m l a nunn]y2 & !re is reason to believe t1 9 a less degree1 j ^? evils :i* are said to atta* to conv5tual life are rife 9 bo>d+s*ools4 ,a s5se ( ^! evils leads "s p to pref] ! sy/em ( private gov]nesses4 ,?is no d\bt has recomm5dation2 x c]ta9ly has s]i\s drawbacks4 ,among ^? :i* are inevitable is ! effect ( a lonely life on ! gov]ness4 ,)\t go+ into s5tim5tal wail+s ov] h] unhappy lot1 x mu/ be confess$ t h] position is peculi>ly isolat$4 ,%e sp5ds ! great] "p ( h] "t 9 int]c\rse ) "y & immature m9ds1 only v>i$ by unequal association ) ! p>5ts or gr[n-up bro!rs & si/]s ( h] pupils4 ,! society ( h] equals 9 age & position is entirely want+1 & ! natural t5d5cy ( su* m5tal solitude is to produce *ildi%ness1 angul>ity1 & n>r[-m9d$ness4 ,x mu/ be a v /rong "* inde$ :i* c d )\t ! :olesome trituration & ! expansive influ5ce ( equal companion%ip1 & ?is is j :at a gov]ness _c h4 ,a great ef=t may be made to treat h] z "o ( ! family1 b %e does n really belong to ! p1 or ev5 to _! class4 ,%e is always a bird ( passage1 & 9 ?is respect h] position is worse ?an t ( a s]vant1 :o1 besides hav+ ! companion%ip ( fell[s]vants1 may look =w>d to rema9+ 9 "o family = life4 ,a gov]ness mu/ always be prep>$ to leave :5 ! t]m ( tempor>y s]vice expires1 & ?is is 9 itself an ob/acle to ! =mation ( /rong atta*m5ts4 ,& if x is true t ! conditions ( gov]ness life h a det]iorat+ effect on "*1 x foll[s t ! pupils w 9 a degree m or less be los]s4 ,:e!r !re may be advantages or conv5i5ces :i* m ?an comp5sate = :at is lo/1 is a "q :i* mu/ be affect$ by consid]ations v>y+ 9 individual cases4 ,simil>ly1 ) reg>d to bo>d+s*ools1 a fir/-rate mi/ress may be able to (f] c]ta9 advantages atta9able 9 no o!r way4 ,! conclusion arriv$ at goes no f>!r ?an ?is1 t1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a l>ge day-s*ool att5d$ by s*ol>s liv+ ei!r at home or 9 small bo>d+h\ses1 has a cle> advantage1 bo? z reg>ds economy & m5tal & moral tra9+1 ov] ! rival sy/ems ( bo>d+s*ools & private gov]nesses4 ,x foll[s t 9 any direct ef=ts :i* may be made = ! improvem5t ( elem5t>y education1 ! f\ndation or /r5g!n+ ( well conduct$ day-s*ools is ! wise/ c\rse to adopt4 ,! =ego+ sugge/ions mu/ ( c\rse be subject to all sorts ( modifications1 accord+ to tempor>y & local necessities4 ,specific s*emes1 adapt$ to circum/ances1 w be devis$ z occasions arise4 ,9 ! meantime1 any k9d ( recognition ( ! fact t ! education ( wom5 is a matt] wor? ?9k+ ab\t1 is ( ! utmo/ practical value4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 z indicat+ & express+ a gr[+ s5se ( ! importance ( ! subject1 ! ext5sion to girls ( ! local exam9ations ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,cambridge & ,ed9burgh1 & ! /eps tak5 by ! ,s*ools ,inquiry ,commission 9 _! p5d+ inve/igations1 h an indirect influ5ce q out ( proportion to ! imm$iate & calculable results obta9$1 af=d+ a moral support & enc\ragem5t ! effect ( :i* x is n easy to e/imate4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,) equal ne$1 if :at ,"l ,russell says is true3--#8,z x is at pres5t1 !re is no d\bt t wom5 ( ! high] ranks h mu* m k & in=mation :5 _! education is f9i%$ ?an m5 h4 ,b ,i _c see any reason :y our "y m5 %\ld n1 :ile !y h ! advantage ( public s*ools1 at ! same "t be able to d a sum 9 ! rule ( ?ree1 & make !mselves ma/]s ( ! fact t ,james ,i4 0 n ! son ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4' ,9 ano!r place he says3--#8,x is to a dogg$ application to ! ,lat9 gramm> p]haps t ! precision ( m51 :5 comp>$ to wom51 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 great "p to be attribut$4'--,e>l ,russell on ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t & ,con/itution1 pp4 #baj1 #bjh4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,conclusion4 ,to gu>d aga9/ misconception on s obscure & s complex a subject z t ( ! pres5t inquiry is a some:at hopeless endeav\r4 ,b x may1 p]haps1 be wor? :ile to say once m1 :at has s (t5 be5 said already1 t ^? :o ask = a full] & fre] life = wom5 h no desire to int]f]e ) di/9ctions ( sex4 ,! "q "u debate is n :e!r1 z a matt] ( fact1 !re is su* a ?+ z di/9ctive manhood & womanhood2 = t no "o d5ies4 ,! dispute is r z to ! degree 9 :i* c]ta9 qualities1 commonly reg>d$ z respectively mascul9e & fem99e *>act]i/ics1 are su* intr9sically1 or only conv5tionally2 & fur!r1 z to ! degree ( prom95ce :i* x is desirable to give to ! specific diff]5ces 9 det]m9+ social arrangem5ts4 ,x is n aga9/ ! recognition ( real di/9ctions1 b aga9/ arbitr>y judgm5ts1 n bas$ ^u reason1 t ! prote/ is rais$4 ,if1 9 ! exig5cies ( controv]sy1 expressions may sometimes be us$ :i* seem to involve a d5ial ( diff]5ces 9 ! respective natures ( wom5 & ( m51 x mu/ be reg>d$ z a mis=tune = :i* ! advocates ( re/riction & suppression are responsible4 ,:5 broad ass]tions are made z to natural fitness & unfitness1 & a c\rse ( action is f\nd$ ^u !m1 x becomes necess>y1 at lea/1 to ask = pro(4 ,:5 pro( is want+1 x is n unnatural to fall back ^u feel+2 & prejudices1 dignifi$ by ! "n ( in/9cts1 are appeal$ to z decisive :5 rational argum5t fails4 ,! :ole "q is cl\d$ ov] by ?is confus+ proc$ure4 ,! in/9cts1 to :i* s mu* importance is atta*$1 diff] 9 ! mo/ bewild]+ mann]4 ,:at "o p]son's in/9ct pron\nces lawful & becom+1 ano!r f9ds revolt+4 ,assumptions are made1 & a fabric ( argum5t is built up ^u data :i* are unv]ifi$1 & :i* x is at pres5t impossible ei!r to v]ify or absolutely to contradict4 ,=1 until artificial appliances are remov$1 we _c "k any?+ c]ta9ly ab\t ! native di/9ctions4 ,z to ! future1 :o c say8 ,x may be t1 #8,9 ! long ye>s lik] mu/ !y gr[1 ,! man be m ( woman1 %e ( man2 ,he ga9 9 sweetness & 9 moral height1 ,nor lose ! wre/l+ !ws t ?r[ ! _w2 ,%e m5tal bread?1 nor fail 9 *ildw>d c>e2 ,m z ! d\ble-natur$ poet ea*3' or x may be t1 :5 #8full-summ$ 9 all _! p[]s1' new %ades ( unlik5ess--ref9em5ts ( div]sity hi!rto unimag9$--may appe>4 ,x is nei!r necess>y nor exp$i5t to prejudge ! "q2 & ^? ^: fai? 9 ! reality & p]man5ce ( ! native di/9ctions is ! /ronge/ are ! lea/ tempt$ to make ra% ass]tions on ei!r side4 ,! excessive appreh5siv5ess %[n by "s p on ?is po9t seems to indicate a deeproot$ di/ru/ 9 ! /r5g? ( _! position4 ,! fe> betrays a d\bt4 ,no "o urges t girls %\ld be d5i$ ! use ( cold wat]1 or fre% air1 or light1 or animal food1 le/ !y %\ld gr[ into boys4 ,yet t ^! conditions t5d to produce mascul9e vig\r _c be d5i$4 ,^? :o are afraid t a free range ( ?\ght & action w\ld injure ! delicacy ( ! female m9d1 ought1 9 consi/5cy1 to c>ry _! precautions a little f>!r4 ,! atmosph]e ( a ho?\se1 judici\sly d>k5$1 ab/95ce f ex]cise1 & a veget>ian diet w\ld h an evid5t t5d5cy to produce a sickly delicacy ( complexion1 to give languor to ! limbs1 & feebl5ess to ! voice1 & 9 e way to make girls mu* m unlike _! bro!rs ?an !y 7 by nature4 ,& if ?is is ! object ( education1 ! appropriate means ought to be us$4 ,9 ! meantime1 a great "p ( ! difficulties :i* beset e "q conc]n+ wom5 w\ld be at once remov$ by a frank recognition ( ! fact1 t !re is betwe5 ! sexes a deep & broad basis ( lik5ess4 ,! hypo!sis t m5 & wom5 are ess5tially & radically diff]5t1 emb>rasses e discussion4 ,:5 facts are prov$ & admitt$1 sc>cely any progress has be5 made1 because x is assum$ t _! action is modifi$ by _! application to ! fem99e nature4 ,conditions :i* w\ld c]ta9ly make a man happy or mis]able1 z ! case might be1 are suppos$ to h a diff]5t1 if n an exactly opposite1 effect ^u a woman4 ,! !ory has be5 ass]t$ & reass]t$ s incessantly1 t ev5 wom5 !mselves h be5 p>tly p]suad$ to believe x4 ,& x is1 no d\bt1 s f> true1 t :ile ! education & ! circum/ances ( wom5 are widely diff]5t f ^? ( m51 e ag5cy br\ght to be> ^u ei!r mu/ act some:at diff]5tly4 ,b to create facts1 & !n to argue f !m z if !y 7 ! result ( an unalt]able de/9y1 is a me?od :i* conv9ces only s long z x is en=c$ by prejudice4 #8,*acun selon sa capacit'--#8 *aque producteur l'ouvrage auquel il e/ propre'--^! are maxims ( unque/ion$ validity4 ,b :o %all say = ano!r--mu* m1 :o %all say = half ! human race--?is1 or ?is1 is ! measure ( y\r capacity2 ?is1 & no o!r1 is ! "w y are qualifi$ to p]=m8 #8,wom5's "w1' x is said1 #8is help+ "w4' ,c]ta9ly x is4 ,& is x m5's "w to h9d]8 ,! vague in=mation t wom5 are to be m9i/]+ angels is no answ] to ! practical que/ions1 ,:om are !y to help1 & h[8 ,! easy solution1 t x is _! nature to d :at m5 _c d1 or _c d s well1 has nev] be5 adopt$ 9 practice1 inasmu* z ev]y?+ 9 ! _w t !re is to d1 ! c>e ( infants alone except$1 m5 are do+2 & !re is no?+ t a tra9$ man _c d bett] ?an an untra9$ woman4 ,lit]ature & art1 tea*+1 nurs+1 cook+1 sew+--^! are ! recognis$ fem99e occupations1 & !y are all %>$ by m54 ,! pursuit ( !m does n turn m5 into wom51 or wom5 into m54 ,miss ,yonge & ,mrs ,oliphant #8help' ,mr ,trollope 9 supply+ ! _w ) novels2 & x is n ?\ght necess>y to gu>d ei!r p>ty f writ+ mascul9e or fem99e novels respectively4 ,s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses d n come into unseemly rivalry1 al?\gh wom5 tea* boys & m5 tea* girls4 ,by & by x w be f\nd equally sup]flu\s to prescribe limitations 9 any dep>tm5t ( ?\ght or indu/ry4 ,x c sc>cely be necess>y to discuss at l5g? ! difficulty express$ 9 ! frequ5t "q1--if wom5 take to do+ m5's "w1 :at are m5 to d8 ,w n ! intrusion ( wom5 into pr(essions & trades already ov]cr[d$1 l[] ! curr5t rate ( wages1 & by ?us mak+ m5 less able to support _! families--9 ! long run1 d m h>m ?an good8 ,z to ! mann] & degree 9 :i* ! lab\r-m>ket might be affect$ by su* a readju/m5t z is propos$1 x is difficult to pr$ict any?+ ) c]ta9ty4 ,x is impossible to tell be=eh& h[ _m wom5 w\ld take to :at is call$ 7by a v conspicu\s petitio pr9cipii7 m5's "w1 & h[ l>ge a portion ( _! lives !y w\ld devote to x4 ,if wom51 already de/9$ to "w = _! bread1 *ose to e>n x 9 "s hi!rto unaccu/om$ way1 x is obvi\s t 9 ! exact measure 9 :i* _! entrance into a new pr(ession r$uc$ ! rate ( wages 9 t p>ticul> call+1 x w\ld t5d to raise x 9 "s o!r :i* !y w\ld h o!rwise pursu$1 & ! balance w\ld ?us be r$ress$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 wom5 are n support+ !mselves1 !y are be+ support$ by somebody else1 consum+ ei!r pres5t e>n+s or accumulat$ sav+s4 ,to keep !m f e>n+ money does n prev5t _! sp5d+ x4 ,let u suppose ! ev5t1 n a v probable "o1 t ! introduction ( wom5 into ! m$ical pr(ession w\ld l[] ! av]age rate ( remun]ation by "o-?ird1 9 :i* case ! pr(essional income ( an ord9>y m$ical man w\ld be less5$ 9 ! same proportion4 ,let u suppose1 also--a n at all improbable case--t ! doctor's wife1 or si/]1 or daught]1 w\ld e>n1 9 ! practice ( h] pr(ession1 a sum equival5t to ! "o-?ird he has lo/4 ,evid5tly1 ! doctor & 8 family w\ld be :]e !y 71 nei!r bett] nor worse (f ?an be=e4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! public w\ld be s mu* ! ri*] by gett+ its m$ical att5dance "o-?ird *eap]4 ,:atev] might be ! tempor>y effect ( op5+ any p>ticul> pr(ession to wom51 "o ?+ is c]ta91 x c nev] be = ! int]e/ ( society1 9 a purely economical aspect1 to keep any class ( its memb]s 9 idl5ess4 ,a man :o %\ld c>ry "o ( 8 arms 9 a sl+1 9 ord] to secure great] effici5cy & importance to ! o!r1 w\ld be reg>d$ z a lunatic4 ,! "o free memb] might v probably ga9 a little extra dext]ity1 ( an abnormal sort1 b t ! man w\ld be on ! :ole a los]1 is obvi\s4 ,! case ( ! body politic is precisely analog\s4 ,! economical argum5t is all 9 fav\r ( sett+ ev]ybody to "w4 ,su* difficulties z exi/ are ( a moral or /hetic nature1 & require = _! dis5tanglem5t consid]ations ( a diff]5t sort f ^? :i* gov]n ! comp>atively easy economical "q4 ,mu* misappreh5sion has probably aris5 f a confusion betwe5 a /&>d or law ( life & ! p]sons to :om x is appli$4 ,a /&>d or law says no?+ ab\t ! "* ( ! p]sons :o are expect$ to con=m to x4 ,x pron\nces no op9ion ^u _! nature beyond :at is impli$ 9 assum+ x to be n impossible = !m to live by x4 ,! comm&1 #8,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ?y neighb\r z ?yself1' implies t su* love is possible to m52 b x may be manife/$ 9 c\ntless ways--9 h]oic conflict or 9 pati5t endurance1 9 passionate ard\r or meek submission4 ,if x be true t c]ta9 gifts & graces are specially cong5ial to ! mascul9e or fem99e nature1 ! pres5tation ( a common /&>d w draw !m out accord+ to _! k9d1 )\t ! risk ( seem+ to disp5se ) ! less easy virtues4 ,j z :5 y plant two rose-trees 9 ! same gr\nd1 y imply ! belief t c]ta9 g5]al conditions ( soil & atmosph]e are good = bo?1 b y make no attempt to influ5ce v>iations ( col\r or ( p]fume2 s ! ,*ri/ian !ory ( education implies an ess5tial resemblance betwe5 ! sexes1 )\t int]f]+ 9 any way ) native diff]5ces4 ,if1 inde$1 y adopt ! analogy1 n )\t a c]ta9 fanciful *>m1 accord+ to :i* m5 are trees & wom5 fl[]s1 ! sep>ate sy/em is "r4 ,y d wisely to plant ! oak 9 ! =e/1 & to %elt] ! delicate g]anium 9 ! ho?\se4 ,b ?is view implies t m5 & wom5 are ( a diff]5t g5us1 :i* no "o 9 8 s5ses w\ld ma9ta94 ,! popul> simile ( ! oak & ! ivy is equally unt5able4 ,advocates on bo? sides are apt to talk z if m5 & wom5 7 di/9ct races1 h&+ d[n _! respective *>act]i/ics f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! fact is1 z e "o kn[s1 t h]$it>y qualities are transmitt$ f fa!r to daught]1 & f "m to son1 ) mu* imp>tiality4 ,! influ5ces t5d+ to create dissimil>ity1 :i*1 9 our day at lea/1 are at "w1 )\t a mom5t's int]mission1 f ! cradle to ! grave1 are incessantly neutralis$ 9 ea* successive g5]ation4 ,if x 7 n s1 x is difficult to imag9e :at ! human race w\ld become4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 x w\ld v soon cease to be human4 ,writ]s on ?is subject commonly adopt some:at ( a ?reat5+ tone 9 ref]5ce to any propos$ *ange4 ,!y w>n wom5 t if ! oak & ivy !ory is giv5 up1 :at is call$ ! old *ivalry w die out1 & !y mu/ no long] expect to be protect$4 ,& x is fur!r urg$ t m5 w\ld suff]1 no less ?an wom51 f ! abs5ce ( any dem& ^u _! protective in/9cts4 ,we are indebt$ to ,mr ,k+sley = a v cle> & mod]ate /atem5t ( ?is view 9 a *apt] ( #8,! ,roman & ! ,teuton' on ! ,lomb>d ,laws4 #8,x is to be rem>k$1' he says1 #8t no free woman c live 9 ,lomb>dy1 or1 ,i believe1 9 any ,teutonic /ate1 save "u ! 8mundium0 ( "s "o4 ,y %\ld und]/& ?is ^w 8mund40 ,among mo/ ( ! ,teutonic races1 wom51 slaves & y\?s1 at lea/ n ( age to c>ry arms1 7 "u ! mund ( "s "o4 ,( c\rse1 prim>ily ! fa!r1 head ( ! family1 & if he di$1 an uncle1 eld] bro!r1 c4 ,! m>ri$ woman 01 ( c\rse1 "u ! mund ( h] husb&4 ,he 0 answ]able = ! good conduct ( all "u 8 mund2 he _h to pay _! f9es if !y (f5d$2 & he 0 b\nd1 on ! o!r h&1 to protect !m by all lawful means4 #8,?is sy/em /ill l+]s 9 ! legal /atus ( wom5 9 ,engl&1 = good & evil2 ! husb& is m or less answ]able = ! wife's debts2 ! wife1 till lately1 0 unable to ga9 prop]ty ap>t f h] husb&'s control2 ! wife is suppos$1 9 c]ta9 cases ( law1 to act "u ! husb&'s compulsion4 ,all ^!1 & _m o!rs1 are relics ( ! old sy/em ( mund = wom52 & t sy/em has1 ,i v]ily believe1 succe$$4 ,x has call$ out1 z no o!r sy/em c\ld h done1 *ivalry 9 ! man4 ,x has made him feel x a duty & an hon\r to protect ! physically weak] sex4 ,x has made ! woman feel t h] influ5ce1 :e!r 9 ! /ate or 9 ! family1 is to be n physical & legal1 b moral & spiritual2 & t x !re=e re/s on a gr\nd really nobl] & deep] ?an t ( ! man4 ,! mod]n exp]im5ts = emancipat+ wom5 f all mund1 & plac+ !m on a physical & legal equality ) ! man1 may be "r1 & may be ultimately successful4 ,we mu/ n ha/ily prejudge !m4 ,b ( ?is we may be almo/ c]ta91 t1 if !y succe$1 !y w cause a wide-spread revolution 9 society1 ( :i* ! pat5t dang] w be1 ! de/ruction ( ! feel+ ( *ivalry1 & ! consequ5t brutalisation ( ! male sex4' ,^! are t]rible w>n+s1 & may well make any "o hesitate 9 lift+ a f+] to aid 9 a revolution *>g$ ) su* disa/r\s possibilities4 ,b is x really true t ! male sex is likely to be brutalis$ by le>n+ t a man mu/ no long] rely ^u physical & legal influ5ce1 b mu/ re/ 8 claims to allegiance on a moral & spiritual basis8 ,is x good = a man to feel t 8 influ5ce re/s on a gr\nd less noble & deep ?an t ( wom51 & to satisfy himself ) a l[] moral position8 ,! mund sy/em may h succe$$1--9 o!r words1 x may h be5 ! be/ ?+ possible1 9 a rude & b>b>\s age1 :5 s]fdom also 0 9 full =ce & #8succe$$' 9 its way--a "t :5 =ce 0 met by =ce1 & individual protection 0 a sur] res\rce ?an t ( law4 ,b ev5 z apply+ to ^? days1 ! success ( ! sy/em seems to h be5 some:at incomplete4 ,h[ x work$--or fail$ to "w--,mr ,k+sley %[s 9 a few graphic l9es1 9 8 rec5t tale1 #8,h]ew>d4' ,describ+ ! fate ( ! little ,torfrida1 8 h]o's daught]1 he tells u1 t #8%e 0 m>ri$ to ,hugh ( ,ev]mue1 :o is n said to h kick$ h]2 & 01 accord+ to !m ( ,cr[l&1 a good fri5d to _! mona/]y1 & !re=e1 d\btless1 a good man4 ,once1 says wick$ report1 he (f]$ to /rike h]1 z 0 ! fa%ion 9 ^? *ivalr\s days4 ,:]eon %e turn$ ^u him l a tigress1 & bidd+ him rememb] t %e 0 ! daught] ( ,h]ew>d & ,torfrida1 gave him su* a beat+1 t he1 n wi%+ to draw sword ^u h]1 surr5d]$ at discretion2 & !y liv$ all _! lives aft]w>ds z happily z mo/ o!r p 9 ^? times4' ,mr ,glad/one lays d[n1 t #8z ! law ( =ce is ! law ( ! brute creation1 s 9 proportion z he is "u ! yoke ( t law does man approximate to ! brute2 & 9 proportion1 on ! o!r h&1 z he has escap$ f its dom9ion1 is he asc5d+ into ! high] sph]e ( be+ & claim+ relation%ip ) ,deity4 ,b ! emancipation & due asc5dancy ( wom5 are n a m]e fact3 !y are ! emphatic ass]tion ( a pr9ciple2 & t pr9ciple is ! de?ronem5t ( ! law ( =ce1 & ! en?ronem5t ( o!r & high] laws 9 its place1 & 9 its despite4' ,! advocates ( ! protective !ory seem sc>cely to h realis$ t ! idea ( protection implies ! correspond+ idea ( attack4 ,x assumes1 z "p ( its ess5ce1 t somebody is attack+1 or :at occasion w\ld !re be = def5ce8 ,might x n be well = ev]ybody to ab&on ! attitude ( attack8 ,to ass]t t 9 a civilis$ c\ntry wom5 want su* protection z any human arm c give1 is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,x is suppos+1 ei!r t ! law p]mits outrages ^u ! def5celess1 or t x c be brok5 ) impunity4 ,t we 9 ,engl& are z yet only p>tially em]g$ f b>b>ism is inde$ true4 ,! "t-hon\r$ cu/oms h&$ d[n f ! days ( ,hugh ( ,ev]mue h n yet disappe>$1 & cases ( assault1 almo/ inv>iably committ$ by ! natural protector1 are n uncommon 9 ,engli% h\seholds4 ,b ! law und]takes to int]f]e--& does int]f]e1 ?\gh z yet 9 a some:at impot5t mann]--= ! def5ce ( hapless wives & *ildr54 ,x c sc>cely be ! true policy ( an age :i* pr(esses to be enlight5$ & humane1 to suff] g5]al lic5ce to prevail1 9 ord] t a few r>e s\ls1 able to be a law to !mselves & o!r p1 may h ! occasion = display+ exceptional h]oism4 ,if ! s*eme ( ,div9e ,provid5ce requires t !re %\ld be outlets = ! protective en]gies1 !y are likely to be f\nd = a long "t yet1 9 ! infirmities ( age1 ( infancy1 & ( pov]ty1 )\t enc\rag+ morbid or affect$ weakness 9 human be+s int5d$ by nature to be heal?y & /rong4 ,!re is /ill pl5ty ( fight+ to d1 ?\gh ! progress ( civilisation has remov$ ! w>f>e into new fields1 & dem&s new weapons4 ,evil n[ appe>s 9 a subtle1 intangible %ape1 aga9/ :i* physical /r5g? is ( little avail4 ,b ! g5]osity & ! c\rage :i* con/itut$ ! true beauty & wor? ( *ivalry c nev] become obsolete4 ,! *ivalr\s _s n[ %[s itself 9 ! ab&onm5t ( unju/ privileges1 9 ! enactm5t ( equal laws1 & 9 fac+ ridicule1 opposition1 & disc\ragem5t 9 behalf ( unpopul> ideas4 ,! great battle betwe5 good & evil is = ev] go+ on4 ,! =m is r5ew$ f age to age1 b ! _s is ! same4 ,let u take c>e le/1 9 cl++ to =ms f :i* ! _s has dep>t$1 9 %utt+ our eyes to keep out ! dawn+ day1 we may be bl9dly fight+ ! battle ( ! ,phili/9es1 all unwitt+ly rang$ among ! enemies ( ! cause we desire to s]ve4 ,,ballantyne1 ,,rob]ts1 ,,& ,,company1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,ed9burgh4