,,mammon>t ,an ,essay 9 ,economic ,int]pretation ,,by ,,upton ,,s9clair ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,pasad5a1 ,,cali=nia ,,copyright1 #aibd1 #aibe ,,by ,,upton ,,s9clair ,fir/ edition1 ,febru>y1 #aibe1 #d1jjj copies1 clo?b\nd1 #d1jjj copies1 pap]b\nd4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,ogi1 ! ,son ( ,og #a ,,ii4 ,:o ,owns ! ,arti/s8 #g ,,iii4 ,art & ,p]sonality #aa ,,iv4 ,! ,labor] & ,8 ,hire #ad ,v4 ,! ,"l's ,ano9t$ #af ,,vi4 ,artificial ,*ildhood #ai ,,vii4 ,mrs4 ,ogi ,em]ges #ba ,,viii4 ,! ,horse-,trade #bc ,,ix4 ,! ,class ,lie #be ,x4 ,mrs4 ,ogi ,ord]s ,jazz #bg ,,xi4 ,! ,populi/ ,conv5tion #bi ,,xii4 ,kansas & ,judea #cb ,,xiii4 ,! ,communi/ ,almanac #ce ,,xiv4 ,god's ,propag&a #ch ,,xv4 ,mrs4 ,pre/onia ,ord]s ,plumb+ #dj ,,xvi4 ,mrs4 ,ogi ,ord]s ,etiquette #db ,,xvii4 ,william ,r&olph ,alcibiades #de ,,xviii4 ,! ,age ( ,h]o-,wor%ip #df ,,xix4 ,hundr$ ,p] ,c5t ,a!nian #di ,,xx4 ,! ,funny ,man ( ,reaction #eb ,,xxi4 ,a!ns & ,los ,angeles #ef ,,xxii4 ,! ,slave ,empire #eh ,,xxiii4 ,dumb ,pi\s neas #fj ,,xxiv4 ,! ,roman ,f\r ,hundr$ #fc ,,xxv4 ,! ,am]ican ,empire #fh ,,xxvi4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,revolution #gj ,,xxvii4 ,! ,ins & ! ,outs #ga ,,xxviii4 ,! ,heav5 ( ,elegance #gd ,,xxix4 ,! ,muckrak]'s ,hell #gg ,,xxx4 ,! ,pi\s ,poison]s #hj ,,xxxi4 ,! ,papal ,payma/]s #hd ,,xxxii4 ,:o ,is ,crazy8 #hh ,,xxxiii4 ,ogi1 ,anglomaniac #ib ,,xxxiv4 ,phosphoresc5ce & ,decay #ie ,,xxxv4 ,! ,good ,man ,!ory #ih ,,xxxvi4 ,comic ,relief #aja ,,xxxvii4 ,praise = ,puritans #aje ,,xxxviii4 ,comrade's ,progress #aaj ,,xxxix4 ,vanity ,fair #aac ,,xl4 ,glory ,propag&a #aaf ,,xli4 ,unbridl$ ,desires #abj ,,xlii4 ,! ,h>poon] ( ,hypocrisy #abd ,,xliii4 crasez l',infame #acj ,,xliv4 ,! ,trumpet] ( ,revolution #ace ,,xlv4 ,! ,h>v>d ,mann] #aci ,,xlvi4 ,! ,poison$ ,rat #adb ,,xlvii4 ,virtue ,rew>d$ #add ,,xlviii4 ,! ,good ,fell['s ,code #adf ,,xlix4 ,! ,gaug] ( ,g5ius #adh ,l4 ,! ,bra9 ,proprietor #aej ,,li4 ,politics ,is ,fate #aed ,,lii4 ,beh9d ! ,h$ge-,r[s #aei ,,liii4 ,tory ,romance #afc ,,liv4 ,! ,mean+ ( ,magic #afg ,,lv4 ,! ,tory ,:ip #aga ,,lvi4 ,! ,fe> ,t ,kills #agc ,,lvii4 ,! ,fir/ ,"l ( ,lett]s #age ,,lviii4 ,! ,angel ( ,revolt #agh ,,lix4 ,! ,/able-,keep]'s ,son #ahc ,,lx4 ,! ,pr$atory ,arti/ #aij ,,lxi4 ,! ,old ,commun>d #aid ,,lxii4 ,tyg]1 ,tyg]6 #aii ,,lxiii4 ,! ,*ild ( ,8 ,age #bjb ,,lxiv4 ,pray] 9 ,adult]y #bjd ,,lxv4 ,ma9 ,/reet 9 ,france #bjf ,,lxvi4 ,! ,mattress ,grave #bji ,,lxvii4 ,siegfri$-,bakun9 #baa ,,lxviii4 ,! ,gospel ( ,sil5ce #baf ,,lxix4 ,! ,lullaby ,laureate #bbj ,,lxx4 ,high-,br[ ,society #bbe ,,lxxi4 ,(ficial ,pessimism #bbh ,,lxxii4 ,god ,save ! ,p #bca ,,lxxiii4 ,! ,collector ( ,snobs #bcc ,,lxxiv4 ,arts & ,crafts #bcf ,,lxxv4 ,see+ ,am]ica ,fir/ #bci ,,lxxvi4 ,! ,age ( ,innoc5ce #bdb ,,lxxvii4 ,a ,sn[-,b\nd ,sa9t #bdd ,,lxxviii4 ,puritanism 9 ,decay #bdf ,,lxxix4 ,! ,angel ,israfel #bdi ,,lxxx4 ,! ,good ,grey ,poet #bec ,,lxxxi4 ,cabbage ,s\p #beh ,,lxxxii4 ,dead ,s\ls #bfj ,,lxxxiii4 ,! ,russian ,hamlet #bfc ,,lxxxiv4 ,! ,dead-,h\se #bfe ,,lxxxv4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,bull-,dog #bfh ,,lxxxvi4 ,! ,peasant ,c\nt #bga ,,lxxxvii4 ,heada*es & ,dyspepsia #bgf ,,lxxxviii4 ,! ,tr\ghs ( ,zolaism #bgi ,,lxxxix4 ,! ,sportive ,demon #bhc ,,xc4 ,! ,foe ( ,=mulas #bhe ,,xci4 ,! ,biological ,sup]ior #bhi ,,xcii4 ,! ,ov]man #bia ,,xciii4 ,! ,octopus ,cities #bie ,,xciv4 ,! ,inspir$ ,p>rakeet #bih ,,xcv4 ,! ,gre5 ,c>nation #cjb ,,xcvi4 ,! ,:ite ,*rysan!mum #cjg ,,xcvii4 ,! ,duel ( ,wit #cab ,,xcviii4 ,! ,cultur$-,class ,hi/orian #caf ,,xcix4 ,! ,premi] ,noveli/ #cbb ,c4 ,! ,uncr[n$ ,k+ #cbf ,,ci4 ,smil+ ,am]ica #ccc ,,cii4 ,! ,em95t ,tank>d-,man #ccg ,,ciii4 ,! ,soldi] ( ,=tune #cda ,,civ4 ,! ,b[]y ,boy #cde ,,cv4 ,! ,cali=nia ,octopus #cdi ,,cvi4 ,! ,old-,fa%ion$ ,am]ican #cec ,,cvii4 ,badgad-on-!-,subway #ceg ,,cviii4 ,sup]manhood #cfc ,,cix4 ,! ,/eal?y ,nemesis #cgb ,,cx4 ,! ,rebel ,immortal #cgi ,,cxi4 ,a ,text-,book = ,russia #chc ,,mammon>t ,,*apt] ,i ,,ogi1 ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,og ,"o ev5+ 9 ! ye> m9us n9ety-eight ?\s& & sev5ty-six--t is1 "o hundr$ ?\s& ye>s ago--,ogi1 ! son ( ,og1 sat 9 front ( a blaz+ fire 9 ! cave1 lick+ 8 greasy lips & wip+ 8 greasy f+]s ^u ! ?ick br[n hair ( 8 *e/4 ,! grease on ,ogi's lips & f+]s _h come f a *unk out ( an auro*s1 :i* ,ogi _h roa/$ on a %>p5$ /ick be=e ! fire4 ,! tribe _h be5 hunt+ t day1 & ,ogi himself _h driv5 ! spe> ?r\gh ! eye ( ! great creature4 ,be+ "y1 he 0 a h]o2 & n[ he _h a h]o's %>e ( meat 9 him1 & sat be=e ! fire1 sleepy-ey$1 retrac+ 9 dull1 sl[ rev]y ! incid5ts ( ! hunt4 ,9 8 h& 0 ! toa/+-/ick1 & he toy$ ) x1 mak+ m>ks ^u ! gr\nd4 ,pres5tly1 half involunt>ily1 !re came a patt]n into ^! m>ks3 a long m>k--t 0 h[ ! body ( ! auro*s w5t2 two m>ks 9 front1 ! =elegs ( ! auro*s2 two m>ks 9 back1 ! h9d legs2 a big scrat* 9 front1 ! head4 ,& sudd5ly ,ogi f\nd a ?rill runn+ ov] him4 ,!re 0 ! great bea/ be=e him1 br\ght magically back to life by m>k+s 9 ! dirt4 ,ogi _h made ! fir/ picture6 ,b !n t]ror seiz$ him4 ,he liv$ 9 a _w ( t]ror1 & always _h to act be=e he d>$ to ?9k4 ,ha/ily he scrat*$ ov] ! dirt1 until e trace ( ! magic bea/ 0 gone4 ,he gaz$ beh9d him1 expect+ to see ! _s ( ! auro*s1 summon$ into ! cave by ?is fe>ful new magic4 ,he glanc$ at ! o!r memb]s ( 8 tribe1 cr\*+ sleepily ab\t ! fire1 to see if !y _h notic$ 8 d>+ v5ture4 ,b no?+ evil happ5$2 ! meat 9 ,ogi's /oma* did n develop bad spirits t summ] night1 nei!r did ! lightn+ poke him ) its dagg]1 nor a tree-limb cra% ^u 8 head4 ,!re=e1 next ev5+ a temptation came ^u him2 he rememb]$ 8 m>ks1 & v5tur$ to br+ back 8 magic auro*s1 & sit be=e ! fire & wat* him toss 8 head & snort at 8 enemies4 ,z "t pass$ ,ogi did a ?+ yet bold]2 he made a /raight up-&-d[n m>k1 ) two prongs und]nea?1 & a r\nd circle on top2 ,ogi himself1 a d\ble ,ogi1 ) 8 long spe> /opp+ ! mon/]'s *>ge6 ,ev5 t did n prove bad magic2 ,ogi did n sick51 no lightn+-dagg]s or tree-bran*es /ruck him4 ,) practice1 ano!r idea came2 he indicat$ ! body ( ! auro*s by two m>ks1 "o above & "o bel[1 :]e ! creature vani%$ into space4 ,betwe5 ^! 7 o!r scrat*es indicat+ a %aggy coat2 & 9 ! head a r\nd spot1 ) a black hole pun*$ deep by ! toa/+-/ick--! eye ( ! mon/]1 gl>+ balefully at ,ogi1 & fill+ him ) su* ?rills z _h nev] be=e pass$ along ! n]ves ( a liv+ organism4 ,( c\rse su* big magic c\ld n long rema9 a secret4 ,ogi 0 irresi/ibly driv5 to %[ 8 homemade auro*s to ! tribe1 & !re 0 a trem5d\s commotion4 ,x 0 a miracle1 all made cle> by _! grunt+s2 !y knew ! mon/] in/antly--an auro*s1 & no?+ else6 ,!y cri$ out ) delight at ! clev]ness ( ! repres5tation4 7,& n9ety-n9e ?\s&1 n9e hundr$ & sixty-six ye>s lat]1 :5 ! writ] 0 a little boy1 he us$ to see 9 a c]ta9 home ( weal? :i* he visit$1 ?ree pictures hang+ 9 ! d9+-room1 & appeal+ to ga/ronomic emotions4 ,"o picture repres5t$ sev]al pea*es on a platt]1 ano!r repres5t$ half a doz5 fi% on a /r+1 ! ?ird %[$ two p>tridges hang+ by _! necks4 ,! memb]s ( ! tribe ( ,ogi1 n[ call$ ! ,m]*ants & ,manufactur]s ,association ( ,baltimore1 w\ld ga!r at supp] p>ties & m>vel at ?is big magic4 ,"h 7 works ( art1 & all knew !y 7 works ( art1 & knew exactly :y2 !y w\ld say ( ! fi%3 8,y c see ! v %9e ( ! scales60 ,( ! pea*es3 8,y c rub ! fuzz (f !m60 ,( ! birds3 8,y c bury y\r h&s 9 ! fea!rs607 ,b :5 ! fir/ ?rills _h pass$1 ! dwell]s 9 ! cave ) ,ogi fell victims to panic4 ,an auro*s 0 a fe>ful & de/ructive bea/2 x 0 h>d en\gh to h to kill him = food--b n[ to br+ back 8 angry _s 0 tempt+ fate4 ,9 ! ,holy ,m\nta9 front+ ! cave dwelt ! ,great ,hunt]1 :o made all auro*s1 & w\ld be jeal\s ( usurp]s4 ,! ,wit* ,doctor ( ! tribe1 :o visit$ ! ,great ,hunt] & made spells = good luck--he 0 ! prop] p]son to make magic1 & n an up-/>t boy4 ,s ! ,wit* ,doctor trampl$ out ! draw+ ( ,ogi1 & ! ,old ,man ( ! tribe1 :o made ! laws1 drove him out f ! cave1 & into ! night :]e ! sabre-too!d tig] roam$4 7,& la/ w9t] ! writ] /ood "o night at #dcrd ,/reet & ,broadway1 a busy corn] ( ,new ,york1 & across ! front ( a build+ a :ole block long he beheld great lett]s ( violet fire1 spell+ ?ree words3 ,,! ,,t5 ,,comm&m5ts4 ,he ent]$ ! build+1 & !re ^u a silv] scre5 he saw a fla% ( lightn+1 foll[$ by a bur/ ( cl\ds & a t]rify+ clatt] ( /age ?und]1 & out ( ! lightn+ & cl\ds & ?und] 0 unroll$ be=e 8 eyes ! ,second ,comm&m5t3 ,?\ %alt n make unto !e any grav5 image1 or any lik5ess ( any?+ t is 9 heav5 above1 or t is 9 ! e>? b5ea?1 or t is 9 ! wat] "u ! e>?47 ,ogi f\nd a cave ( 8 own1 & escap$ ! sabre-too? tig]4 ,& n all ! furies ( ! ,wit* ,doctor1 nor ev5 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ( ! ,great ,hunt]1 c\ld take f 8 m9d ! memory ( ^? delici\s ?rills :i* _h /ol5 ov] him :5 he made ! magic auro*s 9 ! dirt4 ,be+ n[ alone1 he _h "t = magic1 & he got r$ /ones & cov]$ ! walls ( 8 cave ) pictur$ bea/s ( _m sorts4 ,& pres5tly came "y m5 f ! tribe1 & behold+ :at he _h done1 !y took to visit+ him 9 secret to %>e ! =bidd5 ?rills4 7,& on ,ma9 ,/reet 9 our ,great ,city1 ,i c take y to a cave ) lett]s ( fire ov] ! top1 call$ an 8arcade10 & y may g 91 & f9d ! magic ( ,ogi hidd5 9 little boxes1 into :i* y drop a tok5 made ( copp]1 & see :at is to be se54 ,"o "p ( ?is cave is label$1 ,= ,m5 ,only4 ,i h nev] be5 into ?is "p1 & !re=e d n "k :at magic ! desc5dants ( ,ogi h !re hidd52 b x is int]e/+ to "k t a n]ve *annel1 once e/abli%$ 9 a liv+ organism1 c be h&$ d[n ?r\gh g5]ations to ! numb] ( ?ree ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-?ree47 ,n[ 9 ! c\rse ( "t x happ5$ t !re 0 w> 9 ! tribe betwe5 ! ,old ,man & ! ,next ,olde/ ,man2 & also betwe5 ! ,old ,wit* ,doctor & ! ,next ,doctor4 ,! rebels1 hav+ le>n$ ab\t ! magic ( ,ogi1 desir$ to make use ( x4 ,!re 0 a secret meet+1 at :i* ! rebel ,wit* ,doctor decl>$ t he _h _h an int]view ) ! ,great ,hunt] on ! ,holy ,m\nta91 & ! ,great ,hunt] ,himself _h giv5 ,ogi p[] to make ! magic auro*s1 & to kill !m 9 magic hunts4 ,9 o!r words1 said ! ,wit* ,doctor1 ,ogi 0 an ,inspir$ ,arti/2 & if he & 8 fri5ds w\ld help ! new p>ty into p[]1 ,ogi w\ld become ,c\rt ,pa9t]1 & 8 scrat*es w\ld be rais$ to ! /atus ( ,ritual4 ,ne$less to say1 ,ogi 0 delight$ at t1 & likewise 8 fri5ds1 "s ( :om _h le>n$ to make scrat*es almo/ z good z ,ogi's1 & :o desir$ n[ to become ,inspir$ ,arti/s1 & to decorate ! cave walls & weapons ( ! tribe4 ,b "o provision mu/ be made cle>1 said ! rebel ,wit* ,doctor2 ,ogi & 8 fri5ds mu/ und]/& t !y 7 to glorify ! magic ( ?is p>ticul> ,wit* ,doctor4 ,:5 !y portray$ hunt+1 !y mu/ make x pla9 t x 0 ! new ,old ,man :o 0 head ( ! hunt2 !y mu/ make him wond]ful & fe>ful to ! tribe4 ,ogi & 8 pupils answ]$ t s long z !y 7 p]mitt$ to make draw+s ( auro*s & ( hunt]s1 x made n ! slighte/ diff]5ce :at auro*s & :at hunt]s !y portray$4 ,art 0 a ?+ entirely alo( f politics & propag&a4 ,& s ! b>ga9 0 settl$2 ! bann] ( insurrection 0 rais$1 & ! new ,old ,man became head ( ! tribe1 & ! new ,wit* ,doctor set up 8 magic beh9d ! auro*s-sk9 curta9s 9 ! f> end ( ! cave2 & ,ogi made _m pictures ( bo? ( !m4 7,& ,i h walk$ ?r\gh ! palaces ( k+s1 & ?r\gh temples & ca!drals 9 _m l&s1 & h se5 long r[s ( portraits ( ! ,old ,m5 ( _m tribes1 clad 9 robes ( gorge\s colors1 & we>+ ^u _! heads cr[ns ( gold & fla%+ jewels2 !y 7 call$ k+s & emp]ors & dukes & e>ls & pr9ces & capta9s ( indu/ry & presid5ts ( *amb]s ( comm]ce4 ,i h se5 also ! portraits & /atues ( ,wit* ,doctors ( _m v>ieties ( magic2 !y 7 call$ popes & prie/s & c>d9als & abbots & college presid5ts & doctors ( div9ity4 ,& always ! pa9t+s 7 call$ ,old ,ma/]s47 ,s ,ogi became ,c\rt ,pa9t] & pa9t$ ! exploits ( 8 tribe4 ,& :5 ! tribe w5t out to battle ) o!r tribes1 ,ogi made pictures to %[ ! transc5d5t beauty ( 8 tribe1 & ! unlovel9ess ( ! tribe !y 7 to de/roy4 7,& :5 my tribe w5t out to battle1 its highly paid magaz9e illu/rators made pictures ( noble-fac$ maid5s %\t+ w>-cries1 & x 0 call$ a ,lib]ty ,bond ,campaign4 ,& ! /ory-tell]s ( my tribe became m>tial1 & call$ !mselves ,vigilantes47 ,n[ ,ogi ?rove greatly1 develop+ 8 te*nique1 s t he c\ld %[ all k9ds ( bea/s & m54 ,! fame ( 8 magic spread1 & o!r tribes came to visit ! caves & to m>vel at 8 skill1 & to gaze rev]5tly ^u ! ,inspir$ ,arti/4 7,& 9 a c]ta9 hotel re/aurant 9 ,new ,york ,i 0 admitt$ beh9d ! magic r$ cord :i* sep>ates ! great f ! unhe>d (1 & sitt+ at a table my companion enlight5$ me ) discreet nods & :isp]s1 say+3 8,t is ,heywood ,br\n2 & next to him is ,rita ,weiman2 & t's ,m5ck5 j com+ 92 & t r\nd little man 9 ! br[n suit & ! big spectacles is ,h]ge%eim]407 ,! fame ( ,ogi1 & ! magic ( :i* he 0 ma/]1 br\ght ?rills to ! "y wom5 ( ! tribe1 & !y ca/ !mselves at 8 feet1 & s 8 tal5t 0 n lo/ to future g5]ations4 7,& 9 ! gall]ies ( ,europe ,i gaz$ ^u miles ( madonnas--madonnas m\rnful & madonnas smil+1 madonnas ) wavy gold5 hair & madonnas ) /raight black hair--b nev] a madonna t 0 n plump1 manicur$ & poli%$ & rob$ 9 silks & sat9s1 z became ! mi/resses ( c\rt pa9t]s1 & ( popes & c>d9als & abbots able to pay = publicity47 ,! sons & gr&sons ( ,ogi cultivat$ 8 magic1 & f\nd new ways to int5sify ! ?rills ( art4 ,!y le>n$ to make clay figures1 & to c>ve ! ,old ,m5 ( ! tribe & ! ,wit* ,doctors out ( wood & /one4 7,& j be=e ! w>1 be+ 9 ,b]l91 ,i 0 tak5 by a fri5d = a drive d[n ! ,sieges ,alle1 betwe5 r[s ( :ite m>ble mon/]s 9 halb]d & helm & c[l & royal robes1 br&i%+ sceptres & mitres1 battle-axes & two-blad$ swords4 ,be+ myself a b>b>ian1 ,i v5tur$ to titt] at ?is spectacle2 :]eupon my fri5d turn$ pale1 & put 8 f+]s ^u my lips1 indicat+ ! driv] ( ! hack1 & :isp]+ h[ m ?an once x _h happ5$ t presumptu\s b>b>ians :o titt]$ at ! ,old ,m5 ( ! ,hoh5zoll]n tribe _h be5 driv5 by a loyal hackman /raight to ! police /ation & to jail47 ,likewise ! sons ( ,ogi le>n$ to make noises 9 imitation ( ! songs ( birds1 & s !y 7 able to br+ back ! ?rills ( fir/ love4 ,!y le>n$ to imitate ! roll+ ( ?und]1 & ! cla% ( clubs & spe>s 9 battle fury1 & s !y 7 able to r5ew ! glory ( ! hunt & ! slaught]4 7,& 9 ! ye> #ahgj ! ,kh$ive ( ,egypt (f]$ a prize ( t5 ?\s& p\nds to t desc5dant ( ,ogi :o %\ld make ! mo/ p[]ful magic out ( 8 ance/ral slaught]+s2 & n[1 ?r\gh\t all civilization1 ! ma/]s ( ! ma*9es ( slaught] put on _! honorific raim5t1 & escort _! pudgy wives1 b$eck$ ) jewels1 to p]=mances ( _! favorite gr& op]a1 8,aida407 ,likewise ! desc5dants ( ,ogi le>n$ to enact _! adv5tures 9 imitation hunts4 ,inspir$ by music1 !y w\ld dance ab\t ! camp-fire1 ?ru/+ _! weapons into a magic auro*s1 %\t+ :5 !y saw him fall1 & lick+ _! *ops at ! ta/e ( imag9>y fle%4 7,& 9 ?irty ?\s& 8movie0 h\ses ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! tribes n[ ga!r to woo & w9 magic d>l+s ( luxury1 & lick _! *ops ov] ! acquirem5t ( imag9>y millions2 also to %udd] at wick$ ,russian ,bol%eviks ) bri/l+ be>ds1 at villa9\s 8,r$0 agitators ) twi/$ faces1 & at su* o!r spectacles z ! ,old ,m5 & ! ,wit* ,doctors prep>e = !m1 accord+ to in/ructions f ! ,great ,hunt] on ! ,holy ,m\nta947 ,?ree ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-?ree g5]ations h pass$1 & 9 e g5]ation ! desc5dants ( ,ogi h _h to face ! problem ( _! relation%ip to ! ,old ,m5 & ! ,wit* ,doctors4 ,ogi himself 0 a hunt]1 :o slew 8 auro*s ) 8 own h&1 & but*]$ & cook$ 8 meat be=e he ate x4 ,b n[ x has be5 long s9ce any desc5dant ( ,ogi has driv5 a spe> ?r\gh ! eye ( a *>g+ auro*s4 ,!y h become speciali/s 9 ! imag9>y2 _! h&s adju/$1 n to spe>s & /one hat*ets1 b to bru%es & p5cils1 f\nta9-p5s & typewrit] keys4 ,s1 :5 !y are ca/ out f ! tribe !y c no long] face ! sabre-too!d tig] & f9d meat = !mselves & _! beautiful wom52 s1 m ?an ev]1 ! grip ( ! ,old ,m5 & ! ,wit* ,doctors gr[s tight ^u !m4 ,m ?an ev] x is requir$ t _! pictures & /ories %all deal ) ?+s ( :i* ! ,old ,m5 & ! ,wit* ,doctors approve2 m ?an ev] !y are call$ ^u to honor & praise ! cu/oms ( _! tribe1 z aga9/ ! cu/oms ( all o!r tribes ( m5 or angels4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,:o ,,owns ,,! ,,arti/s8 ,_m & v>i\s are ! art-=ms :i* ! sons & gr&sons ( ,ogi h inv5t$2 b ( all ^! =ms1 ! "o :i* bores u mo/ quickly is ! p>able--a little /ory made up = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ a special lesson4 ,!re=e1 ,i ha/5 to drop ,ogi & 8 sons & gr&sons1 & to say 9 pla9 ,engli% t ?is book is a /udy ( ! arti/ 9 8 relation to ! prop]ti$ classes4 ,its !sis is t f ! dawn ( human hi/ory1 ! pa? to honor & success 9 ! arts has be5 ?r\gh ! s]vice & glorification ( ! rul+ classes2 ent]ta9+ !m1 mak+ !m pleasant to !mselves1 & tea*+ _! subjects & slaves to /& 9 awe ( !m4 ,?r\gh\t ?is book ! ^w arti/ is us$1 n 9 ! n>r[ s5se popul> 9 ,am]ica1 z a man :o pa9ts pictures & illu/rates magaz9es2 b 9 its broad s5se1 z "o :o repres5ts life imag9atively by any device1 :e!r picture or /atue or poem or song or symphony or op]a or drama or novel4 ,x is my int5tion to /udy ^! arti/s f a po9t ( view s f> z ,i "k entirely new2 to ask h[ !y get _! liv+1 & :at !y d = x2 to turn _! pockets inside out1 & see :at is 9 !m & :]e x came f2 to put to !m ! "q already put to prie/s & prea*]s1 editors & j\rnali/s1 college presid5ts & pr(essors1 s*ool sup]9t5d5ts & tea*]s3 ,,:o ,,owns ,,y1 ,,& ,,:y8 ,! book w pres5t an int]pretation ( ! arts f ! po9t ( view ( ! class /ruggle4 ,x w /udy art works z in/rum5ts ( propag&a & repression1 employ$ by ! rul+ classes ( ! community2 or z weapons ( attack1 employ$ by new classes ris+ into p[]4 ,x w /udy ! arti/s :o are recogniz$ & honor$ by critical au?ority1 & ask to :at ext5t !y h be5 s]vants ( rul+ class pre/ige & in/rum5ts ( rul+ class safety4 ,x w consid] also ! rebel arti/s1 :o h fail$ to s]ve _! ma/]s1 & ask :at p5alties !y h paid = _! rebellion4 ,! book purposes to inve/igate ! :ole process ( art creation1 & to place ! art function 9 relation to ! sanity1 heal? & progress ( mank9d4 ,x w attempt to set up new canons 9 ! arts1 ov]turn+ _m ( ! /&>ds n[ accept$4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! _w's art treasures w be tak5 out to ! scrap-heap1 & a /ill l>g] "p transf]r$ f ! lit]ature %elves to ! hi/ory %elves ( ! _w's libr>y4 ,s9ce *ildhood ! writ] has liv$ mo/ ( 8 life 9 ! _w's art4 ,= ?irty ye>s he has be5 /udy+ x consci\sly1 & = tw5ty-five ye>s he has be5 %ap+ 9 8 m9d ! op9ions "h record$2 te/+ & revis+ !m by ! art-works :i* he has produc$1 & by ! /ream ( o!r m5's "w :i* has fl[$ ?r\gh 8 m9d4 ,8 decisions are ^? ( a work+ arti/1 "o :o has be5 will+ to exp]im5t & blund] = himself1 b :o has also made x 8 bus9ess to "k & judge ! _w's be/ a*ievem5ts4 ,! conclusion to :i* he has come is t mank9d is today "u ! spell ( utt]ly false conceptions ( :at art is & %\ld be2 ( utt]ly vici\s & p]v]t$ /&>ds ( beauty & dignity4 ,we li/ six great art lies n[ prevail+ 9 ! _w1 :i* ?is book w discuss3 ,lie ,numb] ,"o3 ! ,art = ,art's ,sake lie2 ! notion t ! end ( art is 9 ! art "w1 & t ! arti/'s sole task is p]fection ( =m4 ,x w be demon/rat$ t ?is lie is a def5sive me*anism ( arti/s run to se$1 & t its preval5ce means deg5]acy1 n m]ely 9 art1 b 9 ! society :]e su* art appe>s4 ,lie ,numb] ,two3 ! lie ( ,art ,snobb]y2 ! notion t art is some?+ esot]ic1 = ! few1 outside ! grasp ( ! masses4 ,x w be demon/rat$ t ) few exceptions ( a special nature1 great art has always be5 popul> art1 & great arti/s h sway$ ! p4 ,lie ,numb] ,?ree3 ! lie ( ,art ,tradition2 ! notion t new arti/s mu/ foll[ old models1 & le>n f ! classics h[ to "w4 ,x w be demon/rat$ t vital arti/s make _! own te*nique2 & t pres5t-day te*nique is f> & away sup]ior to ! te*nique ( any art p]iod prec$+4 ,lie ,numb] ,f\r3 ! lie ( ,art ,dilettantism2 ! notion t ! purpose ( art is ent]ta9m5t & div]sion1 an escape f reality4 ,x w be demon/rat$ t ?is lie is a product ( m5tal inf]iority1 & t ! true purpose ( art is to alt] reality4 ,lie ,numb] ,five3 ! lie ( ! ,art ,p]v]t2 ! notion t art has no?+ to d ) moral que/ions4 ,x w be demon/rat$ t all art deals ) moral que/ions2 s9ce !re are no o!r que/ions4 ,lie ,numb] ,six3 ! lie ( ,ve/$ ,int]e/2 ! notion t art excludes propag&a & has no?+ to d ) fre$om & ju/ice4 ,meet+ t issue )\t equivocation1 we ass]t3 ,all art is propag&a4 ,x is univ]sally & inescapably propag&a2 sometimes unconsci\sly1 b (t5 delib]ately1 propag&a4 ,z comm5t>y on ! above1 we add1 t :5 arti/s or art critics make ! ass]tion t art excludes propag&a1 :at !y are say+ is t _! k9d ( propag&a is art1 & o!r k9ds ( propag&a are n art4 ,or?odoxy is my doxy1 & het]odoxy is ! o!r fell['s doxy4 ,z fur!r comm5t>y we expla9 t ! ^w morality is n us$ 9 its popul> s5se1 z a set ( rules =bidd+ y to /eal y\r neighbor's purse or 8 wife4 ,morality is ! sci5ce ( conduct2 & s9ce all life is conduct x foll[s t all art--:e!r x kn[s x or n--deals ) ! "q ( h[ to be happy1 & h[ to unfold ! possibilities ( ! human _s4 ,"s arti/s prea* self-re/ra9t1 & "s prea* self-indulg5ce2 & bo? are prea*]s4 ,"s arti/s says t ! purpose ( art is beauty1 & !y produce beautiful art works to demon/rate ! tru? ( ?is doctr9e2 :5 su* art works are complet$1 !y are beautiful demon/rations ( ! fact t ! purpose ( art is to embody ! arti/'s ideas ( tru? & desirable behavior4 ,:at is art8 ,we %all give a def9ition1 & take ! re/ ( ! book to prove x4 ,we hope to prove x bo? psy*ologically1 by wat*+ ! art process at "w1 & hi/orically1 by analyz+ ! art works ( ! ages4 ,we ass]t3 ,art is a repres5tation ( life1 modifi$ by ! p]sonality ( ! arti/1 = ! purpose ( modify+ o!r p]sonalities1 incit+ !m to *anges ( feel+1 belief & action4 ,we put ! fur!r "q3 ,:at is great art8 ,we answ]3 ,great art is produc$ :5 propag&a ( vitality & importance is put across ) te*nical compet5ce 9 t]ms ( ! art select$4 ,z comm5t>y we add t :e!r a c]ta9 propag&a is really vital & important is a "q to be decid$ by ! practical exp]i5ce ( mank9d4 ,! arti/ may be ov]:elm+ly conv9c$ t 8 p>ticul> propag&a is ( supreme importance1 :]eas ! exp]i5ce ( ! race may prove t x is ( slight importance2 !re=e1 :at 0 suppos$ to be1 & 0 = c5turies tak5 to be a sublime "w ( art1 turns out to be a piece ( trump]y & rubbi%4 ,b let ! arti/ 9 ! labor ( 8 _s & by ! /]n discipl9e ( h>d ?9k+1 f9d a real pa? ( progress = ! race2 let him reveal new impulses = m5 to ?rill to1 new p]ils = !m to ov]come1 new sacrifices = !m to make1 new joys = !m to exp]i5ce2 let him make himself ma/] ( ! te*nique ( any "o ( ! arts1 & put t propag&a adequately & vitally be=e 8 fell[s--& s1 & s alone1 he may produce real & endur+ works ( art4 ,,po/script ,manife/ly1 all ?is dep5ds ^u ! mean+ giv5 to ! t]m propag&a4 ,! writ] ?\ght t he c\ld tru/ 8 critics to look x up 9 ! diction>y2 b dur+ ! s]ial publication ( ! book he discov]$ t ! critics %>e t false idea ( ! ^w :i* 0 br\ght into fa%ion dur+ ! ,_w ,w>--?is idea be+ itself a piece ( propag&a4 ,our own m>tial f]vor 0 ( c\rse n propag&a1 x 0 tru? & ju/ice2 b !re crept 9 an evil enemy ?+1 kn[n z 8,g]man propag&a02 & s ! ^w be>s a /igma1 & :5 ?is book applies x to "s honorable v>iety ( tea*+1 ! critics say t we are 8/ret*+ its mean+10 & be+ absurd4 ,b all we are do+ is to use ! ^w correctly4 ,! ,/&>d ,diction>y def9es propag&a z3 8,ef=t direct$ sy/ematically t[>d ! ga9+ ( support = an op9ion or c\rse ( action40 ,?is1 y note1 conta9s no sugge/ion ( reprobation4 ,propag&a may be ei!r good or bad1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! tea*+ & ! motives ( ! tea*]4 ,! ,jesuits h be5 c>ry+ on a propag&a ( _! fai? = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & "o does n h to %>e ?is fai? 9 ord] to admit _! "r to advocate x4 ,! pres5t writ] has = tw5ty-"o ye>s be5 c>ry+ on a propag&a = ,socialism1 & has a /urdy conviction t 8 "t has n be5 wa/$4 ,we take c]ta9 op9ions & c\rses ( action = grant$2 !y come to u easily1 & :5 9 a poem or o!r "w ( art we enc\nt] ! advocacy ( su* ?+s1 x does n seem to u propag&a4 ,take1 = example1 t favorite !me ( poets1 ! foll[+ ( our natural impulses2 x is pleasant to d ?is1 & ! poet :o gives su* advice awak5s no opposition4 ,b x is diff]5t 9 ! case ( ideas :i* require conc5tration ( ! att5tion & ef=t ( w2 su* ideas tr\ble & repel u1 we res5t !m1 & ! t]m 8propag&a0 is our expression ( res5tm5t4 ,= example1 ! old poet ,h]rick advises3 ,ga!r ye rose-buds :ile ye may1 ,old "t is /ill a-fly+1 ,& ?is same fl[] t smiles today1 ,tomorr[ w be dy+4 ,"h is an attitude ( relaxation t[>d life2 ! poet gives 8 advice "u a beautiful simile & ) allur+ melody1 & !re=e x is poetry4 ,if we %\ld call x propag&a1 all critics w\ld agree t we 7 8/ret*+ ! ^w10 & be+ absurd4 ,b n[1 take f\r l9es by ,mat!w ,arnold3 ,*>ge once m1 !n1 & be dumb6 ,let ! victors1 :5 !y come1 ,:5 ! =ts ( folly fall1 ,f9d y\r body by ! wall4 ,"h is an utt]ance ( exactly ! opposite k9d1 an utt]ance ( moral conviction & resolution2 ! poet is bidd+ u fight = tru? & ju/ice4 ,l ,h]rick1 he has *os5 an effective simile1 & has put music & f]vor into 8 message2 z poetry 8 l9es are exactly z good z ,h]rick's2 & yet1 if we call$ !m propag&a1 h[ _m critics w\ld object8 ,?is book w endeavor to demon/rate t exactly ! same ?+ applies to ! ph5om5a ( ! class /ruggle1 z !y appe> ei!r 9 real life or 9 works ( art4 ,x comes easy to human be+s to accept society z x is1 & to admire ! great & /rong & weal?y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x gives u a pa9ful wr5* to be told t !re are moral excell5ces & h]oic spl5dors 9 ! s\ls ( unwa%$ & unbeautiful work+m54 ,we res5t su* ideas1 & likewise ! p]sons :o p]si/ 9 =c+ !m into our m9ds2 :i* expla9s :y all or?odox critics agree t ,jesus & ,tol/oi are propag&i/s1 :ile ,%akespe>e & ,goe! are pure & unsulli$ creative arti/s4 ,su* di/9ction betwe5 8art0 & 8propag&a0 is purely a class di/9ction & a class weapon2 itself a piece ( rul+-class propag&a1 a means ( dup+ ! m9ds ( m51 & keep+ !m enslav$ to false /&>ds bo? ( art & ( life4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,art ,,& ,,p]sonality ,we h promis$ to prove our !sis psy*ologically1 by wat*+ ! art process at "w1 & hi/orically1 by /udy+ ! art works ( ! ages4 ,we beg9 ) ! =m] task4 ,let u inve/igate ! art process 9 its elem5tal =ms1 z we h se5 !m 9 ! /ory ( ,ogi4 ,art beg9s z ! ef=t ( man to repres5t reality2 fir/1 = ! purpose ( br++ x back to 8 own m9d1 & second1 = ! purpose ( mak+ x appreh5sible to o!rs4 ,j z ,ogi w\ld seek = ways to keep ! meat ( ! auro*s = z long z possible s t he might eat x1 s he w\ld keep ! memory ( ! auro*s s t he might contemplate x4 ,& j z he w\ld %>e ! meat ( ! auro*s 9 a fea/ ) 8 fell[s1 & d]ive honor & advantage !refrom1 s he w\ld use a picture ( ! auro*s1 or a /ory ( ! hunt1 or a song ab\t x1 or a dance reproduc+ x4 ,?us we note two motives1 ! second ( !m pr$om9antly social4 ,x is ?is impulse to communicate ideas & emotions to o!rs1 t becomes ! dom9ant motive 9 art1 & is ! det]m9+ factor 9 ! greatness ( art4 ,we %>e ,ogi's memory ( ! hunt1 8 ?rills ( fe>1 8 furi\s /ruggle1 8 triumph ov] a *unk ( brutal & non-rational =ce4 ,try x on y\r own little ,ogis1 & y w f9d !y nev] tire ( he>+ ab\t ! auro*s hunt2 &--"h is ! ess5tial po9t--:ile he>+1 !y are liv+ 9 ! m9ds ( o!rs1 !y are becom+ social be+s4 ,s ?r\gh ! ages ! race has develop$ its great civiliz+ =ce1 ! sympa!tic imag9ation1 :i* has br\ght ! tribes toge!r into nations1 & ultimately may br+ ! nations into ! human race4 ,! pleasures :i* we d]ive f a picture or repres5tation ( reality are _m & complicat$4 ,!re is1 fir/ ( all1 ! pleasure ( recognition4 ,9 its crud] =m x is l guess+ a puzzle2 9 m mature reproductions we h ! pleasure ( foll[+ ! details4 8,t is old ,smi?10 we say--8ev5 to ! w>t on 8 nose60 ,we say3 8,y c see ! %9e ( ! fi%'s scales1 y c wipe ! fuzz (f ! pea*1 y c bury y\r h&s 9 ! birds' fea!rs60 ,b is t all !re is to art8 ,manife/ly n1 = if x 71 ! sons & gr&sons ( ,ogi w\ld h be5 put out ( bus9ess by ! photographic cam]a4 ,y c take a microscope to ! product ( a cam]a1 & discov] endless m details--a bigg] magic ?an any son or gr&son ( ,ogi has a*iev$4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t a micro-photograph 7 ! highe/ art1 /ill y c\ld n get away f ! influ5ce ( p]sonality4 ,!re w\ld always rema9 ! problem3 ,^u :at %all ! cam]a-l5s be focuss$8 ,! fir/ arti/ ,i met 9 my life 0 a pa9t]1 ! late ,j4 ,g4 ,br[n4 ,he us$ to pa9t pictures ( newsboys & c\ntry ur*9s1 & ! qua9t-look+ old fell[s :o loaf 9 cross-roads /ores4 ,z a boy ,i wat*$ him at "w1 & roam$ ab\t ! c\ntry ) him :5 he select$ 8 subjects4 ,at ?is di/ance ,i rememb] only two ?+s ab\t him1 8 b5evol5t gray be>d1 & ! int5se repugnance he express$ :5 ,i po9t$ out an old w> vet]an :o _h lo/ an arm4 ,de=mity & mutilation--oh1 horrible6 ,nev] c\ld an arti/ tol]ate su* a subject z t6 ,b gr[+ old]1 ,i obs]v$ t "s ( ! _w's greate/ arti/s _h made a habit ( pa9t+ mutilations & de=mities4 ,i saw 8,old ,ma/]s0 portray+ crucifixions & m>tyrdoms2 ,i saw ! nightm>es ( ,dor1 & ! w> pa9t+s ( ,v]e/*ag94 ,s ,i und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 a man :o wi%es to probe ! deeps ( ! human _s1 & "o :o wi%es m]ely to be popul> ) *ildr5 & *ildi%-m9d$ adults4 ,! late ,j4 ,g4 ,br[n 0 a 8reali/10 accord+ to ! popul> use ( ! t]m2 t is1 hav+ select$ a subject1 he pa9t$ him exactly z he 02 b by delib]ately exclud+ f 8 arti/ic vision ev]y?+ sugge/+ pa9 & failure1 he left y z ! sum total ( 8 "w an utt]ly false & s5tim5tal view ( life4 ,mo/ arti/s g ev5 fur!r 9 impos+ _! p]sonality ^u _! "w4 ,hav+ select$ a subject1 !y d n reproduce x exactly1 b modify x1 emphasiz+ ?is trait or t4 ,?is process is kn[n z 8idealiz+40 ,! ^w is g5]ally und]/ood to mean mak+ ! ?+ m pretty1 m to ! behold]'s ta/e2 b ?is is a misuse ( ! ^w4 ,to idealize a subject means to modify x accord+ to an idea1 to make x expressive ( t idea1 :e!r pleas+ or o!rwise4 ,h5ry ,james tells a /ory ab\t a portrait pa9t]1 :o takes z 8 subject a prom95t man2 div9+ ! fundam5tal *eapness & falsity ( ! man's "*1 he pa9ts a portrait :i* br+s out ^! qualities1 & s = ! fir/ "t reveals ! man to ! _w1 & causes ! man's wife to leave him4 ,t is "o k9d ( 8idealiz+02 b manife/ly ! portrait pa9t] :o practic$ t me?od w\ld h a h>d "t to f9d sitt]s4 ,:at g5]ally happ5s 9 su* cases we saw :5 ,ogi 0 invit$ to portray ! ,wit* ,doctor & ! ,old ,man ( 8 tribe4 ,! la/ great h]o ( ! ,hoh5zoll]ns1 :o paid = ^? :ite m>ble mon/]s at :i* ,i titt]$ 9 ! ,sieges ,alle1 is curs$ ) a )]$ left arm1 a cause ( agonies ( humiliation to 8 /rutt+ s\l4 ,9 8 photographs y w see him c>efully pos$1 s t 8 left arm is p>tly turn$ away4 ,b h[ ab\t ! c\ntless pa9t+s he _h made ( himself8 ,d y imag9e t ! pa9t] ev] fail$ to supply a s\nd & /urdy left arm8 ,9 ! same way1 9 ! pictorial labors ( all ! ,ogis ( ,egypt1 y w f9d ! rul] always repres5t$ z ( abnormal /ature4 ,manife/ly1 9 a settl$ empire ! rul] w be ( small] /ature ?an 8 fight+ m51 because he w be coddl$ 9 *ildhood2 b ! small] he becomes 9 reality1 ! m rigid ! art conv5tion t he is big4 ,x 0 = (f5ses su* z ?is t ,plato drove ! arti/s out ( 8 ,republic4 ,!y 7 li>s & pret5d]s1 ! :ole tribe1 & de/roy$ m5's respect = tru?4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 ?is k9d ( idealiz+ ( rul]s & fight+ m5 may be entirely s9c]e4 ,! arti/ is m s5sitive ?an 8 fell[m5--t is :at makes him an arti/2 he %r9ks f pa9 & viol5ce1 & feels a real awe = au?ority4 ,he ?9ks 8 sov]eign is bigg] 9 _s2 & s1 9 mak+ him bigg] 9 body1 ! arti/ is act+ z a se] & philosoph]1 br++ out an inn] tru?4 ,su* is ! clue to ! great] "p ( our pres5t-day art /&>ds2 snobb]y & subs]vi5ce1 timidity & wor%ip ( tradition1 also bragg+ & /rutt+ & beat+ ( tom-toms4 ,e little tea-p>ty poet & semi-invalid *]i%es a /rong & cruel dream--,nietzs*e ) 8 ,blond ,bea/1 & ,c>lyle ) 8 ,h]o-wor%ip1 & ,h5ley ) 8 ,song ( ! ,sword1 & ,kipl+ ) 8 ,god ( our ,fa!rs1 kn[n ( old1 ,"l ( our f>-flung battle-l9e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,labor] ,,& ,,8 ,,hire ,little by little we n[ beg9 to note ! outl9es ( ,ogi's art code4 ,two negative propositions we may consid] z cle>3 ,ogi does n pa9t ! ?+ z x really is2 & he does n pa9t ! ?+ z he sees x4 ,! =m] he c\ld n d1 = he does n "k :at ! ?+ really is2 & ! second he w\ld consid] bad mann]s1 bad morals & bad ta/e4 ,ogi pa9ts ! ?+ z he ?9ks x ought to be2 or1 m commonly1 he pa9ts ! ?+ z he ?9ks o!r p ought to ?9k x to be4 ,& n[ comes ! "q3 ,:y1 hav+ *os5 8 subject1 does ,ogi idealize x accord+ to "o idea1 & n accord+ to ano!r8 ,are su* decisions matt]s ( accid5t or :im8 ,assur$ly n2 = human psy*ology has its laws1 :i* we c le>n to und]/&4 ,we ask3 ,:at are ! laws ( ,ogi1 8 h& & 8 eye & 8 bra98 ,:at =ces det]m9e t he %all pres5t 8 8reality0 9 ?is way & n 9 t8 ,! fir/ ?+ to say is3 ,don't ask ,ogi ab\t x1 = he _c tell y4 ,ogi is n at all :at he ?9ks he is1 & does n produce 8 works ( art f ! motives he publi%es to ! _w4 ,we %all f9d t ! fell[ has be5 almo/ too %rewd--he has contriv$ a set ( pret5ses s clev] t he has fool$1 n m]ely 8 public1 b himself4 ,he :o w\ld produce a great "w ( art1 said ,milton1 mu/ fir/ make a "w ( art ( 8 own life4 ,ogi has tak5 ?is maxim lit]ally1 & got out a fancy l9e ( trade-lies4 ,x is p]fectly pla9 t ! arti/ is a social product1 a memb] ( a tribe & sway$ by tribal impulses4 ,b y f9d him d5y+ ?is ) passion1 & pictur+ himself z a solit>y s\l dwell+ 9 an ivory t[]1 gallop+ ?r\gh ! sky on a w+$ horse1 visit$ & direct$ by heav5-s5t mess5g]s1 & woo$ by my/]i\s lovely ladies call$ ,muses4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 he wants at lea/ "o lady love :o is real2 & ?is lady love does n (t5 %>e 8 int]e/ 9 ! imag9>y lady loves4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e is accu/om$ to po9t out ! brutal fact t ,ogi wants ?ree good *unks ( auro*s meat e tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 also1 ! lady h]self wants a little meat--& m important yet1 %e wants x s]v$ accord+ to ! be/ tribal conv5tions1 ^? to :i* %e 0 accu/om$ be=e %e ran away & m>ri$ an arti/4 ,! tribal law decrees t ! glass on h] table mu/ be cut by h&1 ev5 ?\gh x is cut crook$2 ! l95 on h] table mu/ be embroid]$ by h&1 because1 if x is done :olesale1 by ma*9]y1 x is n 8art40 ,!oretically1 x is possible = an arti/ to produce 8 art-works = ! approval ( ! imag9>y ,muses2 b z a matt] ( fact y f9d t ! mo/ solit>y old ,ogi has somebody1 a fai?ful fri5d1 or an old h\sekeep]1 or ev5 a *ild1 ^: approval he craves4 ,ev5 an arti/ on a des]t isl& w be ?9k+ t "s day a %ip w l& !re2 :ile "y & rebelli\s arti/s produce = a dream public 9 ! future4 ,i myself did all my e>ly "w f t motive2 & 9 ,voltaire ,i came ^u :at seem$ to me ! cruele/ s5t5ce ev] p5n$3 8,lett]s to po/]ity seldom rea* _! de/9ation60 ,ogi mu/ h an audi5ce4 ,s1 9 8 select+1 8 idealiz+1 & 8 o!r v>ieties ( feign+1 he has always be=e him ! problem3 ,w ?is please my public8 ,& to :at ext5t8 ,& = h[ long8 ,!re is no bir? control movem5t 9 ,ogi's bra92 va/ numb]s ( dream *ildr5 are born !re1 & he mu/ select a few ( !m to be n\ri%$ & rais$ up to reality1 :ile he s5t5ces ! o!rs to be />v$ & buri$4 ,hav+ become a pr(essional1 liv+ by 8 "w1 ,ogi is "u ! necessity ( f9d+ an audi5ce t w fe$ him4 ,& rememb]1 x is n m]ely ! ?ree *unks ( auro*s meat p] day1 & ?ree m = ,mrs4 ,ogi2 x is ! means ( s]v+ ,mrs4 ,ogi's meat 9 ! fa%ion h] social position requires4 ,surely ,i d n h to prove ! proposition t ,ogi _c produce beautiful & inspir+ works ( art :ile ,mrs4 ,ogi is rais+ ructions 9 ! cave6 ,s comes ! great /ruggle 9 ! arti/'s s\l1 a /ruggle :i* has gone on = ?ree ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-?ree g5]ations1 & may cont9ue = z _m m4 ,among ! *ildr5 ( ,ogi's bra9 are "s he de>ly loves1 b :o w n 8sell40 ,!re are o!rs :om he despises1 b :om he kn[s ! public w acclaim & pay =4 8,:i* %all x be80 ,! answ]s h be5 z v>i\s z ! s\ls ( arti/s4 ,we %all see h[ ?r\gh ! ages !re h be5 h]o arti/s & m>tyr arti/s1 m5 :o h produc$ :at !y believ$ to be ! be/1 9 ! face ( obloquy1 ridicule1 />vation1 ev5 ! dungeon & ! /ake4 ,b1 manife/ly1 ^! conditions are n ! mo/ favorable = ! bir? ( ma/]pieces4 ,to develop an art te*nique requires decades ( practice & /udy4 ,to feel o!r p]sons' emotions int5sely & reproduce !m accord+ to "s coh]5t plan2 to devise new =ms1 & arrange millions ( musical notes or words or molecules ( pa9t 9 a complex design--all ?is requires int5se & p]si/5t conc5tration4 ,m5 _c d su* "w )\t leisure2 nei!r c !y d x :ile !y are despis+ !mselves = do+ x4 ,s we may set d[n ! foll[+ z "o ( ! fundam5tal art laws3 ,! bulk ( ! successful arti/s ( any "t are m5 9 h>mony ) ! _s ( t "t1 & id5tifi$ ) ! p[]s prevail+4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,"l',s ,,ano9t$ ,:o pays = art8 ,! answ] is t at e /age ( social developm5t !re are c]ta9 gr\ps able to pay = c]ta9 k9ds ( art4 ,^! gr\ps may be l>ge or small1 b !y con/itute ! public = t k9d ( art1 & det]m9e its quality & "*2 he :o pays ! pip] calls ! tune4 ,x %\ld ne$ no /at+ t ,rolls-,royce automobiles are n made accord+ to ! ta/es ( rag-pick]s & dit*-digg]s1 nor yet ( poets & sa9ts2 !y are made accord+ to ! ta/es ( p :o c af=d to pay = ,rolls-,royce automobiles4 ,if our ?9k+ ab\t ! arts 7 n s completely twi/$ by false propag&a1 x w\ld seem an axiom to say t ! fir/ ess5tial to und]/&+ any art product is to und]/& ! public :i* ord]$ & paid = t art product4 ,"s arts1 ( c\rse1 are *eap] ?an o!rs4 ,ballads co/ no?+2 y c make "o up & s+ x on any /reet corn]4 ,h5ce we f9d ! ballad close to ! p1 simple & human1 frequ5tly rebelli\s4 ,! same ?+ applies to folk tales & love songs--until m5 take to pr9t+ !m 9 books1 aft] :i* !y develop fancy =ms1 und]/&able only to p :o h no?+ to d ) _! "t except to play ) fancy ?+s4 ,beg9n+ ) ! primitive art =ms1 x w\ld be possible to arrange ! arts 9 an asc5d+ scale ( exp5siv5ess1 & to %[ t exactly 9 proportion to ! co/ ( an art product is its ari/ocratic _s1 its subs]vi5ce to rul+ class ideals4 ,( all ! art =ms ?us f> devis$1 ! mo/ exp5sive p] capita is ! s-call$ 8gr& op]a02 ?is gr&eur has to be subscrib$ = 9 advance by ! 8diamond horse%oe10 & consequ5tly !re has nev] be5 su* a ?+ z a prolet>ian gr& op]a--if y except ! 8,niebelung ,r+10 :i* 0 s effectively disguis$ z a fairy /ory t nobody b ,b]n>d ,%aw has be5 able to deciph] its inc5di>y message4 ,_m ye>s ago ,i 0 talk+ ) a capta9 ( indu/ry1 prom95t 9 ,new ,york political life4 ,i spoke ( ! corruption ( ! judges1 & he contradict$ me ) a smile4 8,our judges are n b\ght2 !y are select$40 ,& exactly s x has be5 ) our recogniz$ & successful arti/s2 !y h be5 m5 :o look$ up to ! rul+ classes by in/9ct1 & s]v$ _! ma/]s gladly & freely4 ,if !y did n d s1 !y paid ! p5alty by a life ( conflict & exile2 if !y happ5$ to be poor & fri5dless1 !y d n ev5 receive ! gratitude ( po/]ity1 because _! dream-*ildr5 di$ unborn1 & 7 buri$1 along ) _! p>5ts1 9 graves unkn[n4 8,"s mute1 +lori\s ,milton "h may re/40 ,x w be our task to /udy ! great art p]iods "o aft] ano!r1 tak+ ! lead+ arti/s & %[+ :at !y 71 :at !y believ$1 h[ !y got _! liv+s1 & :at !y did = ^? :o paid !m4 ,we %all f9d t ev]y:]e !y 7 memb]s ( _! gr\p1 %>+ ! int]e/s & ! prejudices1 ! hates & fe>s1 ! jeal\sies & loves & admirations ( t gr\p4 ,we %all f9d !m subject to all ! social /resses & /ra9s ( ! "t1 & fight+ ard5tly ! battles ( _! class4 ,= life is nev] a /atic ?+1 x is always *ang+1 always subject+ its victims to new dang]s1 =c+ !m to new ef=ts4 ,ei!r ! rul+ class is ?reat5$ by ! attacks ( outside enemies1 or else !re is a new class aris+ inside ! community4 ,9 times ( int]nal ord] & prosp]ity1 !re come luxury & idl5ess1 ! deg5]ation ( ! tribe2 !re come all sorts ( novelties />tl+ ! eld]s--mod]ni/s sapp+ ! old "t cre$s1 & flapp]s adopt+ ! vices ( m54 ,su* evils mu/ be correct$2 su* enemies ( ! tribe mu/ be put d[n2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ^! labors1 :at *ance is !re t ! rul+ classes w fail to make use ( _! mo/ p[]ful weapon1 t ( art8 ,!re is simply no *ance :atev]4 ,ogi w be call$ on by 8 ma/]s2 or else he w act ( 8 own impulse--he w lead ! crusade1 s++ ! praises ( ! old "t ways1 8idealiz+0 ! ance/ral h]oes1 ! holy sa9ts & ! f\nd+ fa!rs1 & p\r+ ridicule ^u ! bobb$ heads ( ! flapp]s4 ,! critics w leap to ,ogi's support1 hail+ him z ! ,"l's own ano9t$1 a creator ( ma/]pieces1 dignifi$1 s]5e1 secure 9 immortality4 ,?is is art1 ! critics w av]1 ?is is real1 g5u9e1 au!ntic art2 :ile out !re 9 ! wild]ness some:]e h[ls a lone gray rebelli\s wolf1 attack+ & seek+ to dev\r ev]y?+ t is beautiful & sacr$ 9 life--& ! h[l+ ( ?is wolf is n art1 x is vile & *eap propag&a4 ,! critics are c]ta9 t ! decision is purely a "q ( ae/hetics2 & we answ] t x is purely a "q ( class pre/ige4 ,!y are c]ta9 t art /&>ds are et]nal2 & we answ] t !y are bl[n ab\t by ! w9ds ( politics4 ,social classes /ruggle2 "s lose1 & _! glory fades1 _! arts decay2 o!rs w91 & set new /&>ds1 accord+ to _! int]e/s4 ,! only p]man5t factors are ! p]man5t ne$s ( humanity1 = ju/ice1 bro!rhood1 wisdom2 & ! arts /& a *ance ( immortality1 to ! ext5t t !y s]ve su* ideals4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,artificial ,,*ildhood ,! read] :o %>es ! art beliefs n[ preval5t 9 ! _w w be q c]ta9 t ! ideas "h be+ exp\nd$ are fanta/ic & absurd4 ,among ^? :o ?us diff] is a fri5d ( m9e1 a v great poet :o is pati5tly read+ ! manuscript & suff]+1 bo? = himself1 & = all poets :o w foll[ him4 ,he writes3 8,!re is & %\ld be su* a ?+ z ! enjoym5t ( :at we are pleas$ to t]m #8pure' beauty40 ,& aga93 8,y mu/ believe ei!r t we h a "r to play1 9 :i* case ! poet-:o-doesn't-prea* is ju/ifi$1 or believe ! contr>y1 ) its coroll>y ( a com+ race ( solemn sci5tific mon/]s40 ,i d n want to ga9 an argum5t by ! easy device ( omitt+ ev]y?+ t does n help me2 !re=e ,i take up ?is fri5d's cont5tions4 ,manife/ly an elem5t ( play is ess5tial to all art2 x is :at di/+ui%es art f o!r =ms ( expression1 essays1 s]mons1 spee*es1 ma!matical demon/rations4 ,if we d n emphasize ?is play elem5t1 x is n f failure to realize ! diff]5ce betwe5 a "w ( art & an essay1 a s]mon1 a spee* or a ma!matical demon/ration2 x is m]ely because ! play elem5t 9 art is recogniz$ by ev]yone1 to ! exclusion ( ! elem5t ( rational ?\ght & purpose1 :i* is no less ess5tial4 ,let u ask3 :at is play8 ,! answ] is3 play is nature's device :]eby ! "y tra9 !mselves = reality4 ,two puppies pret5d+ to bite ea* o!r's ?roats1 le>n to fight )\t hav+ _! ?roats torn 9 ! process4 ,s all "y creatures develop _! faculties2 & ?is function is c>ri$ "r up into mod]n art products4 ,f _m new novels ,i may le>n1 )\t risk+ ! fatal exp]im5t1 :at w happ5 to me if ,i p]mit ! wild bea/ ( lu/ to get me by ! ?roat4 ,let u h ano!r pr9ciple1 to guide u 9 our analysis3 ,art is play1 hav+ = its purpose ! developm5t ( human faculties1 & exp]im5t ) ! possibilities ( life4 ,b notice ?is di/9ction4 ,two puppies1 leap+ at ea* o!r's ?roats & dodg+ away1 d n reason ab\t :at !y are do+2 !y are guid$ by in/9ct4 ,b a mod]n noveli/ kn[s :at he is do+2 he is ?9k+ ord]$ ?\ghts ab\t life1 & mak+ a delib]ate record !re(4 ,s we h a second pr9ciple3 ,art is play1 to ! ext5t t x is in/9ctive2 x is propag&a :5 x becomes mature & consci\s4 ,manife/ly1 art c nev] be entirely play1 because no human be+ is entirely in/9ctive2 nor c x be entirely propag&a--if x is to rema9 art1 x mu/ keep ! play =m4 ,moreov]1 ! play elem5t mu/ be real1 n simply a %am2 ! "w mu/ be a repres5tation ( life s skillful t we c pret5d to take x = actuality4 ,wilkie ,coll9s gave 8 =mula = success z a fiction writ]3 8,make 'em laugh1 make 'em cry1 make 'em wait40 ,9 o!r words1 make 'em d j :at !y w\ld h to d1 if !y 7 tak+ "p 9 actual life4 ,?is is ! "o indisp5sable elem5t3 ! arti/1 by :atev] trick1 mu/ p]suade u t ?is is no trick1 b reality4 ,! function ( play 9 adults has be5 ably /udi$ 9 ,dr4 ,patrick's book1 8,! ,psy*ology ( ,relaxation40 ,we humans h only rec5tly develop$ ! upp] lobes ( ! bra91 & _c /& us+ !m all ! "t2 x is necess>y occasionally to let !m re/1 & to live 9 ! l[] c5t]s2 9 o!r words1 to g back into *ildhood & play4 ,to my fri5d ! ,poet1 :o asks if ,i believe 9 play1 ,i answ] by po9t+ to my t5nis racquet4 ,b :at %all we say ab\t adults :o play all ! "t8 ,mod]n sci5ce has a "n = su* p2 x calls !m morons4 ,if y are a moron arti/1 produc+ = a moron public1 x w n avail to argue ) y4 ,b we h to inquire3 h[ comes x t ! art ( morons is glorifi$ & def5d$ z 8true0 & 8pure0 art8 ,h[ comes x t ! quality ( enjoym5t )\t ?\ght1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( puppies & infants1 comes to be consid]$ a great quality 9 adults8 ,9 ! fields ( indu/ry & education1 we "k t pitiful ?+1 ! m9d ( a *ild 9 ! body ( a gr[n man4 ,h[ comes x t su* defective m5tality is glorifi$ 9 ! field ( art8 ,! answ] is :at y w expect f me4 ,!re is a class :i* owns & runs ! _w1 & wi%es ev]y?+ to /ay z x is4 ,z "o ( ! functions ( own]%ip1 ?is class controls culture & det]m9es ta/e4 ,x glorifies ! s*ol>1 ! man :o walks backw>d ?r\gh life2 & likewise x glorifies ! art-moron1 ! man :o has emotions )\t bra9s4 ,! s-call$ 8purity0 ( art is ?us a =m ( artificial *ildhood4 ,j z ! ,*9ese b9d ! feet ( _! wom5 9 ord] to keep !m helpless & acquiesc5t1 s rul+-class culture b9ds ! imag9ation ( ! race s t x may n /ride into ! future4 ,& if y ?9k t ^? :o run ! _w's ?9k+ = ! rul+ class are n intellig5t en\gh to =mulate su* a purpose z ?is--my reply is t y are z un9tellig5t z !y w\ld wi% y to be1 & y ju/ify all ! contempt !y feel = y4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,mrs4 ,,ogi ,,em]ges ,we n[ assume z demon/rat$ ! foll[+ propositions4 ,fir/3 ,! arti/ is a social product1 8 psy*ology & t ( 8 art works be+ det]m9$ by ! economic =ces prevail+ 9 8 "t4 ,& second3 ,! e/abli%$ arti/ ( any p]iod is a man 9 sympa?y ) ! rul+ classes ( t p]iod1 & voic+ _! int]e/s & ideals4 ,if ?is be true1 ! next /ep to ! und]/&+ ( art1 & ! hi/ory ( art p]iods pa/ & pres5t1 is to und]/& ! economic =ces controll+ mank9d2 ! evolution & /ruggle ( classes4 ,we get t f>1 :5 ! argum5t is brok5 9 ^u by ! p>ticul> ,mrs4 ,ogi :o inhabits ! cave :]e ?is manuscript is produc$4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,9 o!r words1 y are go+ to give !m y\r ,sociali/ lecture40 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi's husb&3 8,b--0 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 :o f9i%es h] husb&'s s5t5ces1 z well z 8 manuscripts3 8,y promis$ me to write "o book )\t propag&a60 8,b--0 once m--8?is is a book to prove t all books are propag&a6 ,& c ,i conduct a propag&a = propag&a t isn't propag&a80 8,t dep5ds10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8^u h[ /upid y are40 ,%e goes on to ma9ta9 t ! purpose ( all propag&a is to put itself across2 ! ess5ce ( x be+ a new cam\flage1 :i* keeps ! read] f kn[+ :at he is gett+4 8,if y imag9e t p :o take up a discussion ( art /&>ds are go+ to read a disc\rse on ! hi/ory ( social revolutions1 ,i call y silly1 & y ar5't go+ to alt] my op9ion by call+ me ,mrs4 ,ogi40 8,my de>10 says ! husb&1 9 ha/e1 8all t is n to be tak5 lit]ally4 ,mrs4 ,ogi is ! wife ( ! arti/ 9 g5]al2 %e is ! human tie t b9ds him to ! gr\p1 & =ces him to con=m to gr\p conv5tions40 8,i "k--l all m51 y want to h x bo? ways4 ,ev]ybody w assume--0 8,i won't let !m assume6 ,x %all be explicitly /at$ t y are n ,mrs4 ,ogi40 8,let x be explicitly /at$ t !re has nev] be5 any h&-embroid]$ table-l95 9 ?is cave--nev] any sort ( table-l95 b pap] napk9s s9ce ,i've be5 9 x60 8,my de>10 says ,ogi1 pati5tly1 8y 7 ! "o :o fir/ po9t$ out to me ! significance ( h&-embroid]$ table-l95 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,y rememb] t "t :5 we w5t to ! d9n]-p>ty at ,mrs4 ,heavy ,sell]'s--0 8,yes1 ,i rememb]2 & :at y ought to d is to put t d9n]-p>ty into y\r book4 ,entitle y\r next *apt] #8,! ,influ5ce ( ,l+]ie on ,lit]ature1' or1 #8,! ,s\l ( ,man ,"u ,silk ,hosi]y4'0 8,t's n bad10 says ,ogi1 8,i'll use x lat]4 ,meantime1 ,i'll d my be/ to liv5 up ! argum5t z y reque/40 ,& s he retires & cudgels 8 bra91 & comes back ) a new *apt]--be>+1 n ! dignifi$ title ( 8,! ,evolution ( ,social ,classes10 z he _h plann$1 b in/ead1 a device to cat* ! fancy ( ! idle & frivol\s-- ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,horse-,,trade ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago an ,am]ican1 himself a victim ( ! comm]cial sy/em & dy+ ( consumption1 wrote a novel :i* conta9$ a description ( a horse-trade4 ,! novel 0 reject$ by _m publi%]s1 b came f9ally to "o read] :o recogniz$ ?is horse-trad+ sc5e z ! epitome ( ,am]ican civilization4 ,he p]suad$ ! au?or to rewrite ! book1 putt+ ! horse-trade fir/1 & mak+ ev]y?+ else 9 ! novel subsidi>y2 ?is 0 done1 & ! result 0 ! mo/ s5sational success 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican fiction4 ,"y & old1 ri* & poor1 high & l[1 all ,am]icans recogniz$ 9 ! op5+ sc5e ( 8,david ,h>um0 ! cre$ !y believ$ 91 ! code !y foll[$1 ! success !y s\ght3 !y b\ght six hundr$ ?\s& copies ( ! book4 ,i 0 "y at ! "t1 b ,i recall h[ all ! p ,i knew 7 %ak+ _! sides ) laught]1 discuss+ ! /ory ) "o ano!r1 delight+ 9 e /ep ( ! process :]eby ,david got ! bett] ( ! deacon4 ,let u analyze ?is horse-trade1 tak+ our data f ! book4 ,fir/1 !re is ! lie ( ! sell]1 describ+ a horse :i* he believes to be useless4 8,he's wu? two hundr$ je/ z he /&s4 ,he a9't _h no tra99'1 an' he c'n draw two m5 9 a road wag9 bett]'n fifty40 ,& second1 !re is ! lie ( ! pur*as]1 z ! pur*as] himself boa/s ab\t x aft]w>ds3 8,wa'al1 ! m ,i look$ at him1 ! bett] ,i lik$ him1 b ,i only says1 #8,jes s1 jes s1 he may be wu? ! money1 b jes z ,i'm fix$ n[ he a9't wu? x to me1 an' ,i ha9't got t mu* money ) me if he 01' ,i says40 ,s we see t 9 a horse-trade bo? ! trad]s lie2 & fur!r we see t ea* pret5ds to be tell+ ! tru?1 & makes an ef=t to p]suade ! o!r t he is tell+ ! tru?4 ,wat*+ ! ignoble process1 we p]ceive t nei!r ( ! trad]s is ev] sure h[ f> 8 own lies are be+ accept$2 nor is he sure :at modicum ( tru? !re may be 9 ! o!r's lies4 ,s ea* is 9 a /ate ( unc]ta9ty & fe>4 ,:5 ! process has be5 complet$1 "o trad] has a s5se ( triumph1 m+l$ ) contempt = ! victim2 ! o!r trad] has a s5se ( hatr$1 m+l$ ) resolve to 8get squ>e40 ,x is fur!r to be po9t$ out t ?is conflict ( wits1 ?is mod]n =m ( ! duello1 :ile x seems ru?less & cruel1 yet has its own /rict e?ical code4 ,david w\ld lie to ! deacon1 b he w\ld n pick ! deacon's pocket1 nor w\ld he /ab ! deacon 9 ! back1 no matt] h[ badly ! deacon might h defeat$ him 9 comm]cial w>4 ,we obs]ve also t ! au?or feels "u ! necessity ( p]suad+ u t ,david w\ld n h *eat$ ! deacon unless he _h fir/ be5 *eat$ by ! deacon2 ?is be+ ! conv5tional lie ( ! horse-trad] turn$ noveli/4 ,we may also obs]ve t next to ! impulse to acquisitiv5ess1 ! supreme quality ( ?is ,yankee f>m]1 comes ! impulse to sociability2 hav+ consummat$ 8 b>ga91 he tells 8 si/] ab\t x1 & ! humanness ( ! /ory lies n m]ely 9 ! triumph ( ,david1 b 9 8 pleasure 9 tell+ 8 si/]4 ,& obs]ve t ,david tells h] ! tru? )\t res]vation4 ,!re might be o!r matt]s ab\t :i* he w\ld lie to 8 si/]1 b s f> z conc]ns ?is horse-trade1 he kn[s t %e w n betray him to ! deacon4 ,:5 ! fir/ savage (f]$ a fi% 9 ex*ange = a cocoanut1 & made /atem5ts z to ! fre%ness ( ! fi%1 & ! difficulties & p]ils ( fi%+1 ! trade-lie 0 a comp>atively simple ?+4 ,b 9 ! process ( indu/rial evolution1 !re h be5 develop$ s _m v>iations & complexities t an encyclop$ia ( occupational deceptions w\ld be requir$4 ,suffice x to say t ! pr9ciple is und]/ood 9 e nation & clime1 be+ embodi$ 9 innum]able maxims & witticisms3 caveat emptor3 bus9ess is bus9ess2 dog eat dog2 ! devil take ! h9dmo/2 look out = ,numb] ,"o2 d o!rs or !y w d y2 self-pres]vation is ! fir/ law ( ,nature4 ,9 a civilization bas$ ^u comm]cial competition1 laissez faire & fre$om ( contract1 ! lie ( ! horse-trad] becomes ! basis ( all ! really significant actions ( m5 & wom54 ,s obvi\s is ?is1 s cle>ly is x set =? 9 ! wisdom ( ! race1 t at fir/ ?\ght x seems surpris+ t anyone c\ld be l$ into believ+ a trade-lie4 ,b x is obvi\s t ! te/ ( a compet5t li> is t he gets himself believ$2 l ! endless /ruggle betwe5 ! gun-mak] & ! armor-plate mak]1 is ! /ruggle betwe5 ! trad] & 8 victim4 ,! trad] is aid$ by ! fact t an impulse t[>ds con/ructiv5ess has be5 plant$ 9 ! human he>t1 :i* bre$s a repugnance to di%one/y4 ,s !re are ideals & aspirations1 religions1 loyalties & patriotisms2 !re are ! ,*ri/s & ,galileos ( hi/ory1 ! ,p>sivals & ,don ,quixotes ( leg5d4 ,z ! trad] himself puts x1 !re is a suck] born e m9ute4 ,! trad] kills a silly %eep1 & puts ! sk9 ov] 8 wolf's hide2 s we h religi\s in/itutions & e?ical sy/ems1 philan?ropic end[m5ts1 pr(essional codes1 political plat=ms2 we h honors1 (fices & titles1 proprieties & respectabilities1 graces1 ref9em5ts1 etiquettes & /&>ds ( good ta/e4 ,_m ( ^! ?+s beg9 naively & 9 good fai?2 b 9 a society giv5 up to comm]cial competition1 & dom9at$ by sy/ems ( gre$1 !y all become trade-lies1 & are us$ z weapons 9 ! w> ( ! classes4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,class ,,lie ,9 ! /age ( economic evolution :]e ! savage ex*anges a fi% = a cocoanut1 ! balance ( advantage 9 ! trade may be equal4 ,! fi%]man may ne$ ! cocoanut z badly z ! cocoanut-ga!r] ne$s ! fi%4 ,b z soon z we come to ! /age :]e tok5s are accept$1 !re beg9s a %ift+ ( ! balance ( advantage2 = ! reason t ! sell] comes to specialize 9 ! sell+ ( "o ?+1 :]eas ! m complex ! society1 ! m diff]5t ?+s ! buy] mu/ buy1 & s he rema9s an amateur z to ea*4 ,moreov]1 ! sell]s le>n to comb9e2 !y =m p>tn]%ips1 firms1 corporations1 alliances1 leagues1 associations1 p>ties1 classes2 ! buy]1 on ! o!r h&1 rema9s unorganiz$ & helpless4 ,he is ! consum]1 :o takes :at he c get2 he is ! prolet>ian1 :o has only 8 *a9s to lose2 he is t play?+ ( ! competitive process1 t je/ ( ! trad] ?r\gh ! ages1 ! g5]al public4 8,! public be damn$10 said a great sell] ( railway transportation1 & 8 phrase has become ! corn]-/one ( capitali/ civilization4 ,n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ago a revolution>y economi/ rem>k$1 8,to him t ha? %all be giv52 :ile f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?40 ,& ?is economic process is "o :i* t5ds cont9ually to accel]ate1 multiply+ itself by geometrical progression4 ,9 pres5t-day society1 ! sell]s are ne>ly all organiz$1 :ile labor is only t5 p] c5t organiz$1 & ! ultimate consum] is n organiz$ at all4 ,we h ?us ! comb9ation ( a monopoly price ) a competitive wage1 & ! surplus weal? ( ! _w is drawn by automatic process into ! h&s ( a small class4 ,! _w's sell+ p[] is n[ ve/$ 9 comb9ations ( capital1 call$ 8tru/s10 :i* pres5t !mselves 9 ! aspect ( enorm\s =tresses ( lies4 ,m]ely to give a catalogue ( ! v>i\s trade-lies embodi$ 9 ! daily op]ations ( su* a 8tru/0 w\ld require a volume4 ,!re are s _m k9ds ( lies t no "o man c "k !m all4 ,!re are lies c>ri$ 9 ! heads & embodi$ 9 ! practice ( petty *iefs ( dep>tm5ts4 ,!re are lies s g5]ally accept$ & conv5tionaliz$ t ! v li>s d n "k !m z su*1 & are amaz$ & w\nd$ 9 ! feel+s :5 _! att5tion is call$ to ! tru?4 ,!re are lies s complicat$ t highly tra9$ lawy]s h be5 paid millions ( doll>s to contrive !m4 ,!re are lies s clev]ly hidd5 t x w\ld take ! re/or+ ( tons ( burn$ acc\nt-books to prove !m4 ,!re are lies s blazon$ =? on billbo>ds & 9 newspap]s t !y h become "p ( ! daily ?\ght ( ! p1 & h giv5 new words & phrases to ! language4 ,s comes ! next /age 9 ! evolution ( ! trade-lie4 ,! own]s ( tru/s & comb9ations unite into p>ties1 classes & gov]nm5ts = ! def5se ( _! ga9s4 ,!y comb9e & end[ & p]petuate _! trade-lies1 mak+ !m into sy/ems & in/itutions2 & s we h ! ,lie ,:olesale1 ! ,lie ,sublimat$1 ! ,lie ,traditional1 ! ,lie ,classical2 we h ! ,lie become ,religion1 ,philosophy1 ,hi/ory1 ,lit]ature1 & ,art4 ,turn back to ,*apt] ,,ii1 & read ! li/ ( ! six great art lies2 y may n[ und]/& :o made !m & :y4 ,lie ,numb] ,"o1 ! ,art = ,art's ,sake lie1 ! notion t ! end ( art is 9 ! art "w1 is a trade lie ( ! art speciali/1 ! ef=t ( a sacr$ ca/e to ma9ta9 its pre/ige & sell+ price4 ,lie ,numb] ,two1 ! lie ( ,art ,snobb]y1 ! notion t art is = ! *os5 few1 & outside ! grasp ( ! masses1 is ! same4 ,lie ,numb] ,?ree1 ! lie ( ,art ,tradition1 ! notion t new arti/s mu/ foll[ old models1 is a self-protective device ( ^? 9 p[]4 ,lie ,numb] ,f\r1 ! lie ( ,art ,dilettantism1 ! notion t ! purpose ( art is ent]ta9m5t & div]sion1 is a device ( ! culturally p[]ful to weak5 & degrade ^? ^u :om !y prey2 j z ! creatures ( ! und]world get _! victims drunk be=e !y rob !m4 ,lie ,numb] ,five1 ! lie ( ! ,art ,p]v]t1 ! notion t art has no?+ to d ) moral que/ions1 is ! same4 ,lie ,numb] ,six1 ! lie ( ,ve/$ ,int]e/1 is ! sum ( all ! o!r lies1 ( all ! inf9ite cruelties ( pr$atory1 class-controll$ culture4 ,! s>ca/ic critic w say t ,i make ! arti/ an extremely knavi% & dang]\s p]son4 ,my answ] is t he may be1 & frequ5tly is1 an amiable & guileless *ild4 ,8 knav]ies are class knav]ies1 collective cruelties1 conv5tions & attitudes to life :i* h be5 produc$ z automatic reactions to economic =ces2 ! individual acquires !m ) no m consci\s ?\ght ?an is involv$ 9 ! assimilation ( 8 food4 ,ogi lies & pret5ds1 he *eats1 robs & murd]s1 imag9atively speak+1 by ! same in/9cts t cause him to bl9k 8 eyes 9 a bright light4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,mrs4 ,,ogi ,,ord]s ,,jazz ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,well1 ,i see y are hav+ y\r way40 ,n[ ?is is a sore subject 9 ! cave4 ,ea* ( ! resid5ts is absolutely c]ta9 t x is always ! o!r :o has 8 or h] way2 & ea* is able to cite *apt] & v]se1 & frequ5tly does s4 ,h[ev]1 at pres5t ,ogi has a guilty consci5ce1 s he speaks s(tly4 8,i am almo/ ?r\gh ) my explanation ( indu/rial evolution40 8,almo/60 sniffs ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,h[ mu* m80 8,well1 ,i h to %[ h[ successive classes em]ge & acquire p[]--0 8,until at la/ we see ! inevitable triumph ( ! prolet>iat & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?6 ,t w be s new to y\r read]s1 & s delightfully excit+6 ,& meantime !y sit & wond] :5 ! sc&als beg940 8,sc&als80 says ,ogi4 8,h ,i said any?+ ab\t sc&als80 8,y tell y\r read]s y're go+ to turn ! arti/s' pockets inside out & %[ :at is 9 !m6 ,if y don't d x1 !y'll say1 #8,?is %[ is a fro/6'0 ,i m5tion t ,mrs4 ,ogi 0 br\ght up 9 exclusive social circles1 :]e nev] a brea? ( slang c\ld pass h] lips )\t "s female relative rais+ a f+] & :isp]+3 8,hu%60 ,b times are *ang+1 & m>riage becomes m & m a lott]y4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi's husb&3 8,( c\rse ,i int5d to muck-rake individual arti/s--0 8,:i* arti/s80 8,well1 ,i h to beg9 at ! beg9n+--0 8,b y've already begun ) ! beg9n+ ( ! _w60 8,i h to beg9 n[ ) ! fir/ significant art40 ,mrs4 ,ogi's snort rem9ds h] husb& ( ! old days ( ! auro*s hunt4 8,:at ! ,am]ican p want to "k is h[ _m ?\s& doll>s a week ,gloria ,swanson is really gett+1 & :at 0 ,rup]t ,hughes' total income f #8,! ,s9s ( ,hollywood4' ,is all t to be put (f to ! end ( y\r book80 8,b h[ c ,i deal ) pres5t-day art ahead ( anci5t art80 8,y make me ?9k ( ^? int]m9able ,engli% novels1 :i* beg9 ) ! infancy ( ! h]o1 & get ?r\gh public s*ool at page ?ree hundr$ & some?+60 8,b1 my de>1 !re is "s old lit]ature t p are really int]e/$ 94 ,! ,bible = example--0 8,! ,hundr$ ,be/ ,books6 ,numb] two1 ,hom]2 numb] ?ree1 ,%akespe>e2 ,numb] f\r1 ,p>adise ,lo/--0 8,b y ov]look ! fact--! ,bible is a be/-sell]60 8,! p :o buy x are n p :o read ab\t art1 or w\ld ev] he> ( a book on art !ories4 ,!y are p l ,mamma6 ,once ^u a "t a book-ag5t (f]$ h] a set ( ! ,_w's ,great ,orations1 & %e decid$ ! d>k r$ lea!r b9d+ w\ld g well ) ! drap]ies 9 ! draw+-room4 ,!n a c\ple ( weeks lat] came ano!r man1 sell+ a set ( books 9 d>k gre5 clo?4 ,%e decid$ ^! w\ld mat* ! decorations 9 ! billi>d-room1 s %e b\ght !m also1 & x wasn't until aft]w>ds t somebody notic$ ! family _h two sets ( ! same ,_w's ,great ,orations60 8,b1 my de>1 !re really is lit]ature 9 ! ,bible40 8,p h be5 told ab\t lit]ature 9 ! ,bible s9ce !y 7 *ildr5 9 ,sunday s*ool1 & !re's no idea 9 ! :ole _w t bores !m q s mu*40 8,b t's exactly ! po9t6 ,t's :at ?is book is =--to %[ h[ real lit]ature 0 alive 9 its own day1 & is j z mu* alive 9 ! pres5t day4 ,don't y see :at a fasc9at+ !me3 !y _h 9 ,judea ! v same class /ruggle--0 ,!re has come t fanatical light into 8 eyes :i* ,mrs4 ,ogi kn[s s well2 he means to make h] sit & li/5 to a :ole *apt]--& :5 %e has ! laundry to c\nt1 & ! apples to boil = 8 supp]6 8,g ahead & write x10 %e says1 9 a we>y voice4 8,b take my advice & jazz x up60 ,s ,ogi goes away & po/pones 8 exposition ( ! successive em]g5ce ( social classes2 & in/ead ( an impressive title su* z 8,agr>ian ,revolt 9 ,anci5t ,judea10 he beg9s-- ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,populi/ ,,conv5tion ,f ! ,new ,york 8,sun10 ,july #d1 ! e>ly #ahijs3 ,,kansas ,,kick+ ,cranks' ,conv5tion 9 ,tumult at ,topeka ,wild ,asses ( ,prairie ,bray ,mill5nium by ,majority ,vote ,s*$ul$ = ,next ,novemb] ,topeka1 ,kan41 ,july #c4 7,special to ! 8,sun407 ,! op5 season = devil-hunt+ is on 9 ,topeka today4 ,f ,nemaha ,c\nty on ! ,nor? to ,coman*e on ! ,s\?1 f ,*]okee ,c\nty on ! ,ea/ to ,*ey5ne on ! ,we/1 ! hunt]s are p\r+ into _! /ate capital2 money-devil hunt]s & speculator-devil hunt]s1 railroad-devil hunt]s & rum-devil hunt]s4 ,! /reets ( ! city sw>m ) !m1 ! lobbies ( ! hotels are pack$ ) !m1 spell-b9d]s & oratorical wiz>ds1 political quack-doctors & prohibitioni/ cranks1 long-hair$ m5 & %ort-hair$ wom51 p>tisans ( free money1 free l& & free love4 ,= mon?s !y h be5 look+ =w>d to ?is conv5tion1 :i* is to wre/ ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t f ! h&s ( a pr$atory plutocracy2 today1 if !re is a lunatic 9 ,kansas :o is n 9 ,topeka1 x is only because ! ,wall ,/reet devil has got him beh9d b>s 9 "o ( ! asylums4 ,! lobby ( ! ,am]ican ,h\se ?is ev5+ is m l ! m5ag]ie t5t ( a circus ?an l any?+ else ev] se5 9 ! effete ,ea/4 ,! conv5tion op5s at t5 o'clock tomorr[ morn+1 & tonight e orator has a la/ *ance to save ! nation be=e ! plat=m is made up4 ,audi5ces are n necess>y1 ev]ybody talks at once1 & !re are a doz5 m5 deliv]+ exhortations1 /&+ on ! lea!r seats ( hotel-lobby *airs4 ,"h is 8,sockless0 ,j]emiah ,simpson1 expect+ to be nom9at$ = ,congress tomorr[4 ,coatless & tieless1 8 coll> wilt$ flat1 he %\ts to ! corn-field cohorts 8 d5unciations ( ! blood-suck+ lee*es :i* h pick$ ! bones ( ! f>m]s ( ,kansas4 ,"h is ,isaiah ,woe1 weird figure hav+ :isk]s almo/ to 8 belt & pants almo/ to 8 %oe-tops1 wav+ 8 sk9ny arms & ju/ify+ 8 surname--8,woe1 woe1 woe--woe unto ?is & woe unto t--woe unto !m t decree unrighte\s decrees1 & t write griev\sness :i* !y h prescrib$2 to turn aside ! ne$y f judgm5t1 & to take away ! rights f ! poor ( my p1 t wid[s may be _! prey1 & t !y may rob ! fa!rless60 ,isaiah is kn[n z a 8prophet0 among ?is prairie population2 he ro>s ! grievances ( ! de> peepul ( ! prairie-c\ntry1 & %akes ! hayse$s & corn-du/ out ( 8 :ite :isk]s until 8 audi5ce really believes x sees a halo ab\t 8 head4 ,he does n hesitate to claim div9e inspiration1 decl>+ to ! mob3 8,! ,"l ha? ano9t$ me to prea* good tid+s unto ! meek2 he ha? s5t me to b9d up ! brok5-he>t$1 to proclaim lib]ty to ! captives40 ,isaiah has no rival 9 lung-p[]1 unless x be ,micah1 ! ,pottawatomie ,prophet--8,m\rnful ,mike10 z he is kn[n 9 ! /ate capital4 ,?is ag$ replica ( ,uncle ,sam is out on a crack]-box 9 front ( ! ,elks' ,club1 & y\r report] took d[n "s ( 8 s5t5ces v]batim3 8,!y build up ,wa%+ton ) blood1 & ,new ,york ) iniquity4 ,! heads !re( judge = rew>d1 & ! prie/s !re( tea* = hire1 & ! prophets !re( div9e = money4444 ,!re=e %all ,wa%+ton = y\r sake be pl[$ z a field1 & ,new ,york %all become heaps1 & ! build+s ( ,wall ,/reet z ! high places ( a =e/40 ,!re is a regim5t ( su* calamity h[l]s & kick]s1 ?ir/+ = ! blood ( ! money-devil4 ,!re is ,elijah1 kn[n z ! 8boy orator0 f ,ki[a ,c\nty1 & ,angry ,amos1 ! 8,wild ,man ( ,neo%o40 ,!re is "o ,john1 :o calls himself ! ,bapti/1 & has adopt$ ! s+ul> habit ( dipp+ 8 foll[]s into wat]--?\gh x mu/ be /at$ t few ( !m %[ ! effects aft] a bli/]+ hot day 9 ,topeka4 ,x is report$ & g5]ally believ$ t ! wat]-dipp+ prophet lives ^u ! locu/s :i* infe/ ! ,kansas corn-fields1 toge!r ) wild honey furni%$ by fri5dly bees 9 ! cottonwoods along ! creek bottoms4 ,app>5tly1 h[ev]1 ! prophet has n br\ght along a supply ( 8 cu/om>y prov5d]1 = y\r correspond5t obs]v$ him ?is aft]noon p>tak+ ( s9k]s & c(fee 9 ! railroad re/aurant1 ) a bun* ( o!r wild asses f ! prairie4 ,kansas is s*$ul$ to h a new political p>ty tomorr[2 a p>ty ( ! peepul1 to be run by prophets1 none ( :om w take _! sal>ies :5 !y get elect$ to (fice4 ,& :at is to be ! plat=m ( ?is p>ty8 ,well1 ! gov]nm5t is to fix ! price ( :eat1 & freight-rates are to be r$uc$ to a po9t :i* w compel hold]s ( railway securities to live on locu/s & wild honey4 ,all int]e/ on money is to be aboli%$2 ! prophets ( ! ,"l call x 8usury10 & ! plank 9 _! plat=m on ! subject reads z foll[s3 8,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor1 & fall5 9 decay ) !e1 !n ?\ %alt relieve him1 yea1 ?\gh he be a /rang] or a soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e3 ,take ?\ no int]e/ ( him1 or increase2 b fe> ?y ,god t ?y bro!r may live ) !e4 ,?\ %alt n give him any money ^u usury1 nor l5d him ?y victuals = increase40 ,& if t be n en\gh1 bond slav]y is to be =bidd5 by law1 & beg9n+ ) ! ye> #aijj1 & e fifty ye>s !reaft]1 all debts are to be =giv51 & ev]ybody is to h a fre% />t4 ,well may ,jabez ,smi?1 *airman ( ! ,/ate ,committee ( ! ,republican p>ty1 wat*+ ?is outfit ( wild m5 & li/5+ to _! conglom]ation ( lunacy1 lift up 8 h&s & cry out3 8,0 i/ los mit ,kansas80 444 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* 0 news accord+ to ! ,new ,york 8,sun0 ( ,*>les ,a4 ,dana's "t2 ! sort ( news f :i* ,i got all my political ideas dur+ boyhood4 ,sev5 times e week ,i w\ld read articles & editorials 9 t tone1 & laugh ) glee ov] !m2 & !n1 e ,sunday morn+ & ev5+ ,i w\ld g to *ur*1 & li/5 :ile ! prea*] read ! words ( ,j]emiah & ,isaiah & ,micah & ,elijah & ,amos & ,john ! ,bapti/1 & ,i w\ld accept !m all z ! div9ely inspir$ words ( ,god4 ,h[ 0 ,i1 poor lad1 to "k t ! v same prophets 7 back on e>?1 liv+ ! v same lives & mak+ ! v same spee*es--try+ to save ,am]ica1 z ( old !y _h tri$ to save ,judea1 f ! h&s ( ! defil]s & ! despoil]s8 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,kansas ,,& ,,judea ,h[ did x happ5 t political agitators1 liv+ 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 7 id5tical 9 _s ) religi\s prophets 9 ,asia ,m9or five hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/8 ,! answ] is t civilizations rise & fall1 & hi/ory repeats itself4 ,let me describe "o hi/oric process1 & y wat* my /atem5t phrase by phrase1 & see if y c tell :e!r ,i am ref]r+ to anci5t ,judea or to mod]n ,kansas4 ,a p travel$ = a long di/ance1 flee+ f despotism & seek+ religi\s lib]ty4 ,!y 7 a primitive1 h>dy p1 hav+ a /]n fai? 9 "o ,god :o p]sonally direct$ _! lives4 ,!y came to a ri* l&1 & conqu]$ x by h>d fight+1 "u ?is p]sonal direction ( _! ,god4 ,!y built homes1 !y ga!r$ flocks & h]ds1 !y accumulat$ weal?2 & !y saw ?is weal? p\r+ into cities1 to be absorb$ by gov]n+ & trad+ classes4 ,_! agricultural democracy evolv$ into a plutocratic imp]ialism4 ,! l&lords & ! tax collectors left !m no?+ b a b>e liv+2 ! fruits ( _! labor paid = palaces & temples ) gold5 ro(s1 & = gold5 calves & monkey d9n]s1 & rul]s ) a ?\s& *orus girls4 ,s !re 0 revolt 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 & "o aft] ano!r came prophets ( discont5t4 ,always ^! prophets 7 radical 9 ! economic s5se1 voic+ ! wrongs ( ! poor & helpless1 ! wid[s & ! orphans4 ,always !y 7 cons]vative 9 ! social & religi\s s5se1 call+ ! p back to simplicity & hone/y ( life1 to fai? 9 ! "o true ,god4 ,always !y us$ ! symbols ( ! old tribal cre$2 repudiat+ new-fangl$ div9ities su* z ,baal & ,d>w91 & ga!r+ at ,armag$don to battle = ! ,"l4 ,?r\gh\t _! lives !y 7 /on$ & p]secut$ & cov]$ ) ridicule2 :5 !y di$ !y became _! c\ntry's glory1 & _! words 7 *]i%$ & embodi$ 9 sacr$ records :i* s*ool *ildr5 7 made to /udy4 ,n[1 h[ mu* ( t is ,judea1 & h[ mu* is ,kansas8 ,let u make cle> ! po9t1 ess5tial to our pres5t argum5t1 t f cov] to cov] ! 8,old ,te/am5t0 is propag&a4 ,^? :o creat$ x creat$ x z propag&a1 hav+ no remote/ idea ( any?+ else4 ,n[adays our docile population reads x & accepts x z ! lit]al inspir$ ,^w--n realiz+ t ! book is divid$ betwe5 two k9ds ( propag&a1 :i* exactly cancel ea* o!r3 ! propag&a ( a rul+ class1 tea*+ rev]5ce = k+s & prie/s1 & ! propag&a ( rebels1 clamor+ = ! ov]?r[ ( ^! same k+s & prie/s6 ,?is ,old ,te/am5t is also (f]$ to u 9 ! lit]ature classes1 s x w be wor? our :ile to consid] x f t po9t ( view4 ,manife/ly !re is mu* ( x :i* nev] pret5d$ to be lit]ature4 ,!re are we>y *ronicles ( ! do+s ( k+s1 & li/s ( _! sons & gr&sons4 ,y may f9d acres ( ?is 9 our big libr>ies1 b x is classifi$ z g5ealogy1 n lit]ature4 ,likewise !re are ! laws ( ! ,hebrews1 :i* belong 9 ! legal dep>tm5t4 ,!re are ar*itectural specifications = ! temple1 & rules ( hygi5e--all important to a hi/orian1 b rubbi% to anybody else4 ,!re are a great numb] ( leg5ds :i* are et]nally delightful to *ildr51 /ories ( ! creation & ! fall ( man1 & ( gods & devils & miracles1 precisely z important z simil> /ories among ! anci5t ,anglo-,saxons1 or ! anci5t ,greeks1 or ! anci5t ,egyptians1 or ! anci5t ,hopis4 ,among ^! /ories are a few :i* display f9e feel+ & n>rative skill1 & s = ! fir/ "t we h lit]ature4 ,!re is "o attempt at a drama2 x is crude & confus$--any sophomore1 hav+ tak5 a c\rse 9 dramatic con/ruction at a /ate univ]sity1 c\ld %[ ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,job h[ to cl>ify 8 !me & cut out ! repetitions4 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( su* crudities is magnific5t poetry1 :i* our univ]sity c\rses h n yet taught u to equal4 ,likewise !re is "s %rewd philosophy--& x is amus+ to note t our v]bal inspirationali/s accept ! worldly-wise common s5se ( ! ,prov]bs & ! bleak cynicism ( ,ecclesia/es z equally div9e ) ! f]vor ( ,isaiah & ! fanatical rage ( ,j]emiah4 ,f9ally1 !re is "s lyric poetry ( a spiritual nature1 ?is also full ( repetition4 ,if y are judg+ x z ritual1 t is all "r1 because ritual is int5d$ to affect ! subconsci\s1 & repetition is ! ess5ce ( ! process4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ritual & lit]ature is t ! latt] makes its appeal to ! consci\s m9d1 :]e a little repetition goes a long way4 ,dr4 ,johnson 0 ask$ 8 op9ion ( ! fem9i/ movem5t 9 religion1 & he said t 8a woman prea*+ is l a dog walk+ on two legs2 x is n well done1 b we are surpris$ t x is done at all40 ,i ?9k t if we exam9e our judgm5ts c>efully1 we %all f9d t our high op9ion ( anci5t writ+s is on ?is basis4 ,we d n really judge !m by mod]n /&>ds1 any m ?an we judge a *ild by adult /&>ds :5 he tries to wield a p51 or a hoe1 or an o>4 ,our pleasure 9 read+ anci5t writ+s is to note ! beg9n+s ( real ?9k+1 ( mature attitudes t[>d life4 ,we say3 8,by ,george1 ^? old fell[s _h a lot ( s5se aft] all60 ,b judg+ ! ,old ,te/am5t /rictly1 z lit]ature1 n z antiquity1 ,i say t ev]y?+ :i* is ( s]i\s value to a mod]n adult p]son c\ld be ga!r$ into an extremely small volume1 c]ta9ly n ov] ?irty ?\s& words1 or f\r p] c5t ( ! total4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,communi/ ,,almanac ,f ! 8,am]ican ,times0 ,sunday ,review ( ,books1 ,a4 ,d4 #aidd ,,satan ,,sanctifi$ ,a ,new ,religion ,ent]s ! ,li/s ,!re come to ! desk ( a lit]>y editor _m volumes :i* c\ld n by any /ret* ( ! imag9ation be consid]$ z lit]ature4 ,b !y are pr9t$ & b\nd1 & ^? :o write !m believe !m ( importance1 & o!rs may be ( ! same op9ion4 ,s x becomes ! task ( a review] to give an acc\nt ( ^! volumes4 ,! book n[ be=e u came ?r\gh ! mails1 be>+ no indication z to ! s5d]2 & exam9ation ( ! cont5ts quickly reveals ! reason4 ,^? :o pr9t & circulate ! volume "k t 9 s do+ !y r5d] !mselves liable to ! le?al gas *amb]4 ,nev]!less1 !y are impell$ by fanaticism to incur ! risk1 s "h is ! result on our desk4 ,te*nically1 we believe ! editor incurs p5alties by keep+ ! volume1 in/ead ( turn+ x ov] to ! police au?orities4 ,b x seems to u a matt] ( importance t ! public %\ld "k :at sort ( mat]ial is n[ be+ circulat$ among ! populace1 & = t reason we give an acc\nt ( ! cont5ts ( ! 8,communi/ ,almanac = #aidd40 ,x is p]haps a natural t5d5cy ( ! human m9d1 an inevitable process ( hi/ory1 t hold]s ( proscrib$ op9ions %\ld see !mselves z m>tyrs1 & endeavor to capitalize _! suff]+s = political advantage4 ,s1 ev] s9ce ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,soviet gov]nm5t by ! arm$ =ces ( ! civiliz$ _w1 ! surviv+ ,communi/s1 hid+ 9 =e/s & holes 9 ! gr\nd1 h be5 see+ !mselves z f\nd]s ( a new religion4 ,9 ?is docum5t :i* !y n[ put be=e u1 we f9d ! cre$ & ritual ( ?is mon/r\s p]v]sion ( ! s-call$ prolet>ian m9d1 toge!r ) ! biographies ( its f\nd] & ! acts ( its lead+ m>tyrs4 ,! f\nd] is ,nikolai ,l591 &1 incr$ible z x may seem1 ?is p]son has be5 select$ = sanctification6 ,a c\ple ( ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 an almo/ successful attempt 0 made to assass9ate him1 & ! bullets !n %ot into 8 body are said to h be5 ! f9al cause ( 8 dea?4 ,t is suffici5t to con/itute m>tyrdom 9 ! ,soviet =mula1 & to entitle ,vladimir ,ulianov to become a leg5d4 ,= a ye> aft] 8 dea? ! ,soviet gov]nm5t attempt$ to pres]ve 8 body 9 mummy =m2 b ?is k9d ( immortality be+ unatta9able1 ! body 0 buri$1 & soon aft]w>ds rumors began to spr+ up all ov] ,russia to ! effect t ,l59 _h come back to life1 & 0 reappe>+ to 8 foll[]s1 giv+ !m advice ab\t ! managem5t ( 8 ,bol%evik dictator%ip4 ,t 0 a miracle2 s n[ ,l59 is a div9e p]sonage1 & ^? :o di$ 9 ! fai? ( ! 8prolet>ian0 revolution are m>tyrs & sa9ts4 ,at lea/1 t is ! !sis ( ! 8,communi/ ,almanac = #aidd40 ,! volume op5s ) no less ?an f\r biographies ( ! f\nd]1 alleg$ to h be5 compos$ by diff]5t foll[]s :o knew him intimately1 ,mattiu ,%ip9sky1 ,m>co ,sug>mann1 ,luka ,h]zkovitz1 & ,ivan ,pet*nik(f4 ,! la/1 x appe>s1 is a k9d ( philosoph]1 & provides = ! ,bol%evik cult ! mantle ( a my/ical & metaphysical sy/em4 ,x is amus+ to note t ! f\r biographies g into m9ute detail--& diff] z to _m ( ^! details6 ,!y purport to quote _! f\nd] v]batim--& 8 words on ! same occasions are seldom ! same words6 ,mo/ absurd yet1 !y _c ev5 agree ab\t 8 ance/ry6 ,9 fact1 !y _c agree ab\t any?+1 except t he 0 ! mo/ rem>kable p]son :o has ev] liv$ on e>?1 ! be>] ( a new revelation to mank9d4 ,foll[+ ! biographies1 ! 8,almanac0 proce$s to a long recital ( ! do+s ( v>i\s propag&i/s ( ! cult1 _! travels ov] ! _w 9 ! int]e/ ( ! 8class /ruggle10 & ! p]secutions to :i* !y 7 subject$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,x is a melan*oly duty to record t among ^! emiss>ies ( disa/] 7 sev]al ( ,am]ican bir? & ance/ry4 ,"o ( ! easy ways ( a*iev+ sanctification "u ! ,bol%evik sy/em is to be bitt5 by a body-l\se1 & to die ( typhus4 ,s among ! ,soviet apo/les we f9d ! figure ( ,john ,re$1 graduate ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 & traitor to 8 c\ntry & 8 race4 ,next we h v>i\s communications f ^! ag5ts ( social *aos1 address$ to _! delud$ foll[]s4 ,?is "p ( ! volume is almo/ comical1 9 ! solemnity ) :i* ^! preci\s words are record$ & pres]v$ = ! b5efit ( po/]ity4 ,ne$less to say1 ! communications conta9 exhortations to ! p>ty memb]s to rema9 /eadfa/ 9 ! fai?1 & to c>ry ! message to _! fell[ 8wage-slaves40 ,?is portion ( ! volume is kn[n z ! 8,epi/les0--! ^w 8epi/le0 be+ ,russian = lett]4 ,f9ally1 !re is a collection ( miscellane\s prophesy+s1 attribut$ to a =m] commiss> "u ! ,russian ,bol%evik gov]nm5t4 ,all we c say conc]n+ ?is "p ( ! volume is t we h be5 unable to f9d out :at x means1 & x seems de/9$ to s]ve z an inspiration to all ! lunatics & w\ld-be prophets ( ! next two ?\s& ye>s4 ,x is call$ 8,revelations10 & closes ! amaz+ volume4 ,we ?9k ! "t has come :5 public s5tim5t %\ld make pla9 t ! pres5t laxity ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice t[>d ,communi/ agitators1 & ! :ole tribe ( 8p>lor ,bol%eviks0 & 8p9ks10 w no long] be tol]at$4 ,we %\ld be sorry to see ?is c\ntry return to ! old days ( ! ,democratic & ,republican p>ties1 & ! oil sc&als ( ! ,h>d+-,coolidge era4 ,b :5 we read a collection ( p]v]sities su* z ?is 8,communi/ ,almanac10 we _c b sigh = ! return ( ,palm] & ,daugh]ty1 :5 r$-blood$ hundr$ p] c5t ,am]icans set to "w ) vigor to pres]ve _! c\ntry f ! fanatical propag&i/s ( class gre$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,god',s ,,propag&a ,we h be=e u ano!r lit]>y criticism1 clipp$ f ! 8,roman ,times ,weekly ,review ( ,books0 dur+ ! ye> #cjj1 "u ! ,emp]or ,diocletian4 ,x is ^w = ^w ! same z t f ! 8,am]ican ,times0 ( #aidd--! only diff]5ce be+ t "o deals ) an outlaw p>ty kn[n z ,bol%eviks1 :ile ! o!r deals ) an outlaw sect kn[n z ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,f\nd] ( ?is latt] sect is describ$ by ! 8,roman ,times0 z a prolet>ian crim9al1 :o 0 crucifi$ = di/urb+ ! public peace "u ! ,emp]or ,augu/us ,cs>4 ,8 foll[]s h be5 hid+ 9 catacombs & tombs1 c>ry+ on incessant propag&a 9 defiance ( ! ,roman law4 ,9 place ( ,john ,re$1 ! 8,roman ,times0 ref]s to a c]ta9 ,paul1 a r5egade ,roman g5tleman & =m] (ficial ( ! empire4 ,! good old days to :i* ! 8,roman ,times0 looks back ) long+1 are ! days ( ,n]o1 :5 ^! inc5di>y fanatics 7 boil$ 9 oil or f$ to ! lions4 ,"u ! prodd+ ( ?is mo/ respectable 8,times10 ! ,emp]or ,diocletian und]took a new & f]oci\s p]secution ( ! sect2 b tw5ty-f\r ye>s aft]w>ds ! successor ( ,diocletian became conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 & adopt$ x z ! (ficial religion ( ! /ate1 entitl$ to p]secute o!r religions4 ,! read] :o is a ,*ri/ian w rem9d me t ,jesus 0 a pacifi/1 he 0 meek & g5tle4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 ! e>ly social revolutioni/s 7 likewise ,utopians1 appeal+ to love & bro!rhood4 ,at ! "t ! ,new ,te/am5t became fix$ 9 its pres5t =m1 ! ,*ri/ians _h nev] held p[] 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,:5 !y took p[] "u ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 !y behav$ l e gov]nm5t 9 hi/ory--t is1 !y kept _! p[]1 us+ z mu* =ce z necess>y = ! purpose4 ,if ! read] is %ock$ by ! fact t ! ,soviet gov]nm5t ( ,russia f\ght = two ye>s a def5sive w> on tw5ty-six fronts aga9/ its enemies1 ,i invite him to consid] ! ,*ri/ian crusades1 two c5turies ( (f5sive propag&a w>f>e4 ,if he is %ock$ by /ories he has read ab\t ! ,t*eka & its tortur+ ( prison]s1 ,i invite him to consult ,lea's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition40 ,consid]+ ! s]ies ( religi\s w>s :i* made ( ,europe a %ambles = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s1 x is safe to ass]t t = e human life sacrific$ by ! ,soviet revolution 9 ,russia1 a hundr$ ?\s& lives h be5 tak5 9 ! "n ( ! g5tle & l[ly ,jesus4 ,b ^! are que/ions :i* w n be settl$ 9 a g5]ation1 nor 9 a c5tury2 !re=e we pass on1 & take up ! "q ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z lit]ature4 ,x has be5 g5]ally s recogniz$1 & we may d\bt if any writ+ ev] collect$ 9 "o volume has ex]cis$ z great an influ5ce ^u ! human race4 ,& let x be not$ t ?is lit]ature is propag&a1 pure & simple2 we may defy anyone to f9d a s+le l9e 9 ! ,gospels1 ! ,acts1 ! ,epi/les1 or ! ,book ( ,revelations :i* 0 n produc$ z consci\s & delib]ate propag&a4 ,a critic highly reg>d$ by ! academic au?orities :5 ,i 0 a /ud5t 9 college 0 ,george ,h5ry ,lewes4 ,i read 8 8,life ( ,goe!10 & made note ( 8 argum5t on behalf ( 8reali/0 z oppos$ to 8ideali/0 art4 ,goe! & ,%akespe>e are 8 examples ( ! =m] type2 & h[ obvi\s is _! sup]iority to ^? 8subjective0 arti/s1 :o 8seek 9 realities only visible illu/rations ( a deep] exi/5ce60 ,! critic takes z 8 te/ ! production ( 8! gr&e/ g5]alizations & ! mo/ elevat$ types02 b x 0 evid5t to me1 ev5 9 my /ud5t days1 t he rea*$ 8 conclusion by ! simple device ( ov]look+ ! evid5ce on ! o!r side4 ,i introduce to y f\r 8ideali/0 arti/s :o be> ! names--p]haps p5-names--( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke & ,john4 ,w anyone ma9ta9 t ! works ( ,%akespe>e & ,goe! conta9 8gr&] g5]alizations0 or 8m elevat$ types0 ?an ! ,f\r ,gospels8 ,we set ,jesus aga9/ ,%akespe>e1 & ,buddha aga9/ ,goe!1 & leave x = ! common s5se ( mank9d to decide4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,mrs4 ,,pre/onia ,,ord]s ,,plumb+ ,:5 ,i 0 a "y man1 grop+ my way into ,socialism1 ,i discov]$ t ! movem5t 9 & ab\t ,new ,york _h a patroness4 ,mrs4 ,pre/onia ,m>t9 0 h] "n1 & %e _h a beautiful home 9 ! suburbs1 & ano!r up 9 ! ,adirondacks4 ,an assortm5t ( well-br$ radicals w\ld ga!r1 & wait on !mselves at table1 & d _! own laundry1 & scrat* a bit 9 ! g>d51 & feel !y 7 on ! front door-/ep ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?4 ,john ,m>t9 _h be5 a memb] ( ! ,fabian ,society 9 ,london1 s we knew we 7 "u ! be/ possible auspices1 do+ ! exactly correct advanc$ ?+s4 ,b "t committ$ its ravages ^u ! m9ds ( my fri5ds ,pre/onia & ,john4 ,!y lo/ _! vision ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?1 & :5 y w5t to ! beautiful 8camp0 ov]look+ ,ke5e ,valley1 y no long] met "y radicals1 & no long] help$ ) ! laundry2 y met s$ate philosoph]s1 & li/5$ to ,pre/onia exp\nd+ ! m\rnful conclusion t humanity _h nev] made any advance4 ,! c\ple took up a new crusade--to av]t f womank9d ! horrors ( politics4 ,! la/ "t ,i met ,john1 j be=e ! w>1 he 0 an entirely respectable memb] ( ! ,new ,york s*ool bo>d & smil$ at me a patroniz+ smile :5 ,i v5tur$ to prophesy t inside ( t5 ye>s wom5 w\ld be vot+ 9 ,new ,york /ate4 8,y w nev] live to see t60 said ! prophet ,john4 ,! psalmi/ expresses ! wi% t 8m9e enemy w\ld write a book02 & 9 ?is case m9e enemy's wife committ$ ! indiscretion4 ,i h be=e me a s*ol>ly-look+ volume1 publi%$ 9 #aiaj1 entitl$ 8,is ,mank9d ,advanc+80 by ,mrs4 ,john ,m>t94 ,i cite x z an out/&+ example ( "o v>iety ( culture sup]/ition2 x r$uces to absurdity ! argum5ts ( "o gr\p ( tradition wor%ip]s4 ,my old fri5d ,pre/onia has discov]$ t ! ,greeks a*iev$ a high] civilization ?an has ev] s9ce exi/$ on e>?1 & h] demon/ration t mank9d is n advanc+ is bas$ on ! exaltation ( ,greek civilization ov] ev]y?+ t has s9ce come along4 ,mrs4 ,pre/onia does n really "k v mu* ab\t ,greek civilization2 ,i c /ate t1 because ,i _h _m discussions ) h] at ! "t %e 0 writ+ ?is book4 ,:at %e has done is to take a hi/ory ( ,greece & li/ ! lead+ names1 higgl$y-piggl$y1 reg>dless ( _! ideas1 or ( ! p>ts !y play$1 reg>dless ( ! fact t !y f\ght & ev5 kill$ "o ano!r1 reg>dless ( ! fact t _! doctr9es contradict & cancel "o ano!r4 ,!y 7 ,greeks1 & !re=e !y 7 great4 ,two or ?ree hundr$ are li/$1 all m5 ( g5ius2 & :at names c y put aga9/ !m8 ,i v5tur$ to sugge/ a numb] ( names to my fri5d ,pre/onia2 b y see1 my m5 7 mod]n m51 vulg>1 common fell[s :o wore tr\s]s1 & ate pie1 & work$ = doll>s6 ,?9k ( comp>+ ,edison ) ,ar*im$es--c\ld any?+ be m absurd8 ,?9k ( comp>+ ,pa/eur ) ,hippocrates6 8,b1 my de> lady10 ,i w\ld argue1 8,hippocrates believ$ t disease 0 caus$ by #8humors'2 he believ$ t crises 9 disease foll[$ num]ical sy/ems40 ,maybe t 0 true1 said ,pre/onia1 b nev]!less1 ,hippocrates 0 ! greate/ physician t ev] liv$4 ,& %e w\ld h ,socrates li/$ z "o ( ! glories ( ,a!nian civilization--9 spite ( ! fact t ,a!nian civilization _h compell$ him to dr9k ! hemlock6 ,9 h] que] hall ( fame ! imp]iali/ ,p]icles1 :o l$ 8 c\ntry to ru91 & 0 convict$ ( ! !ft ( public money1 takes rank z ! greate/ /atesman 9 all hi/ory1 outrank+ ,l9coln1 :o sav$ ! ,am]ican ,union1 & fre$ sev]al million slaves4 ,a dissolute "y despot1 ,alex&]1 :o sigh$ = new worlds to conqu]1 outranks ,george ,wa%+ton1 :o f\nd$ a nation ( free m51 & !n retir$ to 8 plantation4 ,aft] runn+ ov] ! li/ ( all ! a*ievem5ts ( mod]n lit]ature & art1 politics & philosophy1 sci5ce & indu/ry1 ,i 0 able at la/ to f9d "o ?+ :i* my fri5d ,pre/onia 0 unwill+ to get along )\t4 ,%e want$ to live 9 anci5t ,a!ns--b to h h] mod]n plumb+6 ,& nev] once _h x occurr$ to h] t plumb+ means lead & copp] & /eel & brass & nickel & porcela9 & pa9t6 ,also mills 9 :i* ^! ?+s are produc$1 railroads or motor trucks on :i* !y are transport$1 factories 9 :i* ! c>s & trucks are made6 ,also telegraph & telephone & electric light1 & bookkeep+ sy/ems & cr$it sy/ems1 & capital & labor1 & ! ,republican p>ty & ! ,sociali/ movem5t6 ,all ?is is prelim9>y to a /udy ( ! lit]ature & art ( anci5t ,greece2 to help u cle> our m9ds ( cant1 & p]suade u to face ! "q3 h[ mu* d we really admire ,greek lit]ature & ,greek art1 & h[ mu* d we j pret5d to admire x8 ,h[ mu* is ! sup]iority ( ,greek civilization a reality1 & h[ mu* is x a sup]/ition ma9ta9$ by g5tlem5 :o h acquir$ honorific univ]sity degrees1 :i* repres5t to !m a meal ticket = ! balance ( _! soj\rns on e>?8 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,mrs4 ,,ogi ,,ord]s ,,etiquette 8,well10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8,i see y h got d[n to ! sc&al40 ,h] husb& looks pa9$4 8,d y call t sc&al80 8,y accept p's hospitality1 & !n come away & ridicule !m1 & reveal secrets ab\t h[ !y got ! family wa%+ done--0 8,secrets60 cries ,ogi4 8,b t 0 a re=m movem5t1 a crusade60 ,aft] reflection1 he adds3 8,if ,i really want$ to tell sc&als1 ,i c\ld d x4 ,i might h9t t ,john lo/ 8 fai? 9 ! radical movem5t z a result ( auto-intoxication40 8,well1 all ,i c say is t if y tell t1 ,i'll nev] speak to y aga940 ,ogi answ]s meekly1 8,excuse me40 ,& !n3 8,:at d y ?9k ( my !sis80 8,well10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8,i see1 ( c\rse--y are try+ to irritate & %ock p z mu* z possible4 ,are y go+ to say t ,greek art is propag&a80 8,i c't possibly help say+ x40 8,y "k t ?is art is always cit$ z ! p]fect type ( pure art1 ! expression ( joy & love ( beauty40 8,! ,greeks 7 a beauty-lov+ race & a joy-seek+ race1 & !y embodi$ _! ideals 9 ! figures ( gods & goddesses--extremely lovely figures4 ,no "o c d bett] ) ! human body ?an !y did2 b if y take ^? div9ities on _! good looks1 y'll simply be repeat+ ! bitt] mi/ake ( ! ,greeks--& )\t _! excuse ( inexp]i5ce40 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,we're to h a ,*ri/ian s]mon on nak$ m>ble idols80 8,we are go+ to und]/& ! total art product ( ! ,greeks1 to draw out ( x :at !y put into x4 ,^! p con/itut$ !mselves an exp]im5t /ation to try out beauty-lov+--t is1 tru/ 9 ,nature--z a basis ( civilization2 & !y f\nd x didn't "w4 ,x l$ !m into pa9 & failure & despair1 & ! record is writt5 all ov] _! art4 ,!re is a book1 ,mackail's #8,greek ,an?ology1' a collection ( v>i\s k9ds ( inscriptions1 brief v]ses & s5tim5ts f all s\rces2 & y se>* ! pages & h>dly f9d "o happy ^w4 ,y discov] t _! art 0 to put sadness into beautiful & melodi\s language4 #8,( all ?+s1' says ,!ognis1 #8x is be/ = m5 n to be born4' ,& ,anacreon1 poet ( ! joy-lov]s1 comp>es life to a *>iot :eel t #8runs fa/ away4'0 8,well1 b s x does60 8,some?+ endures1 & we h to f9d out :at4 ,we h to take hold ( life1 & le>n to direct x2 we _c j play 9 a g>d51 l happy *ildr54 ,! ,greeks play$1 & _! g>d5 turn$ into a *>nel-h\se1 a place ( horror4 ,i call x an amaz+ blund] ( criticism--! notion t ,greek art is "o ( joy & fre$om4 ,! culm9ation ( _! art impulse 0 ! trag$ies :i* ! :ole community help$ to create & ma9ta94 ,^! p]=mances 7 religi\s ritual1 _! supreme civic ev5ts2 & :at d !y tell u8 ,!re is "o !me1 immutably fix$1 ! helplessness ( ! human _s 9 ! grip ( fate4 ,a black %ad[ hangs ov] ! life ( m51 !y grope bl9dly 9 ! d>kness4 ,:ole families1 mighty dyna/ies ( k+s & rul]s are condemn$ to de/ruction4 ,!y are pursu$ by bitt] & fi]ce & rel5tless ,nemesis4 ,somb] prophecies are spok5 be=e m5 are born1 & !n we see ^! m51 /riv+ ) all _! wit to evade _! de/9y--9 va94 ,our pleasure z spectators is to wat* ?is process1 & be conv9c$ ( ! helplessness ( our k9d4 ,we are lift$ up to ! heav5 ( ! gods1 we are end[$ ) omnisci5ce & omnipot5ce--9 ord] to drive a dagg] into our own bosoms1 to cohabit ) our own mo!rs & si/]s1 to /ab our own fa!rs & bro!rs1 to te> out our own eyeballs4 ,enact+ su* ?+s ) maje/y & solemnity1 recit+ !m 9 melodi\s language to ! rhy?m ( beautiful music & ! graceful motions ( a *orus--t is ! f9al a*ievem5t ( ^! lov]s ( beauty & joy60 8,y are becom+ eloqu5t10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 :o di/ru/s eloqu5ce 9 h] cave4 8,:at conclusion d y draw ab\t ?is art80 8,we are physicians1 call$ to a case aft] ! pati5t is dead4 ,we want to "k :at kill$ ?is man1 s t we c advise liv+ pati5ts4 ,f ?is po/-mortem we le>n t s5su\s *>m does n suffice to secure life2 x is n en\gh = p to c>ve beautiful figures ( ! nude human body1 & build m>ble temples to joy & love1 :ile _! civic affairs are full ( jeal\sy & gre$ & corruption40 8,0 !re corruption 9 ,greek public life80 8,s mu* t we 9 mod]n times _c conceive x4 ,yes1 ,i "k ab\t ! ,teapot ,dome & ! black sat*el ) a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s wor? ( bills4 ,nev]!less1 if anyone 7 to tell u ab\t corruption su* z ! ,greeks took = grant$1 n ev5 a movie audi5ce w\ld swall[ x40 8,n[ t s\nds int]e/+10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,tell u sc&als ab\t ^! rev]5d anci5ts60 8,fir/ ,i want to expla9 ! class /ruggle 9 ,greek society1 & ! economic basis ( _! /ate--0 8,y take my advice10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi2 8leave t lecture until ! end1 & !n =get x4 ,take y\r muck-rake & poke x into ! ,p>!non60 8,:at ,i want to d10 says ,ogi1 8is to take a "* out ( anci5t ,greece1 & set him d[n 9 our _w & see h[ he'd s\nd to u4 ,some?+ l ?is--0 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,william ,,r&olph ,,alcibiades ,f 8,! ,am]ican ,plut>*3 ,our ,lead+ ,/atesm5 ,portray$ = ! ,"y2 ) ,moral ,inf]5ces40 ,new ,york3 ,a4 ,d4 #babd4 ,! c>e] ( ,william ,r&olph ,alcibiades1 publi%]1 soldi] & politician1 co9cid$ ) ! era ( ! ,great ,w>s4 ,he 0 born to a position ( p[] & luxury1 be+ a nephew ( ! greate/ /atesman ( 8 "t1 & hav+ z 8 private tutor ! lead+ philosoph] ( 8 "t4 ,he _h r>e gifts ( p]sonal beauty & *>m2 b 8 y\? 0 wild & dissipat$1 & he spurn$ ! conv5tional c>e] :i* lay op5 to him1 & set himself up z a lead] ( ! ,democratic p>ty4 ,8 enemies call$ him a demagogue1 & d5i$ him any s9c]ity 9 8 popul> appeals4 ,9 ! fir/ ,_w ,w> ! "y /atesman 0 *os5 comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,am]ican =ces 9 ,france4 ,return+ home1 he organiz$ & l$ ! exp$ition = ! conque/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & laid siege to ! city ( ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,he 0 recall$1 because 8 enemies *>g$ t on ! night be=e ! exp$ition sail$1 he _h committ$ an act ( sacrilege by *opp+ (f ! nose ( ! /atue ( ,george ,wa%+ton 9 front ( ! ,treasury ,build+1 ,new ,york4 ,hi/ory w nev] "k :o committ$ ?is v&alism2 a "y man confess$1 & "s ( ^? :om he *>g$ ) guilt 7 execut$1 b ! enemies ( ,william ,r&olph ma9ta9$ t he _h pur*as$ ?is confession1 9 ord] to get rid ( c]ta9 p]sons :o /ood 9 8 way4 ,william ,r&olph1 :ile be+ conduct$ back to 8 c\ntry "u arre/1 made 8 escape to ,engl&4 ,9 ord] to puni% 8 enemies at home1 he made f]v5t appeals to ! ,briti% gov]nm5t to ent] ! w> on ! side ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & aga9/ 8 own c\ntry4 ,8 eloqu5ce prevail$1 & bo? ,engl& & ,france s5t %ips to ! relief ( ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,b ,william ,r&olph _h to flee f ,engl& to ,france1 because ! ,engli% k+ made ! discov]y t ! "y ,am]ican _h s$uc$ 8 wife4 ,william ,r&olph n[ liv$ 9 retirem5t until ! second ,_w ,w> broke out--betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! "o h&1 & ,japan & ,*9a1 aid$ by ,engl& & ,france1 on ! o!r4 ,william ,r&olph _h always be5 ard5t 9 promot+ ho/ility aga9/ ,japan1 b he n[ fl$ to ! c\rt ( ! ,japanese emp]or1 & ) money furni%$ by ?is weal?y mon>* he s5t emiss>ies to fom5t a conspiracy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! conflict betwe5 ! ,republican & ,democratic p>ties _h rea*$ a /age ( su* bitt]ness t ! weal?y classes 7 ready to li/5 to any s*eme :i* promis$ !m p[]4 ,william ,r&olph hav+ des]t$ ! ,democrats & gone ov] to ! ,republicans1 8 ag5ts approa*$ ! naval (fic]s ( ! fleet1 & ^!1 comb9$ ) ,judge ,g>y & ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan & o!r g5tlem5 ( weal?1 ov]?rew ! e/abli%$ gov]nm5t1 & set up a new con/itution1 :i* conf9$ ! vot+ p[] to five ?\s& ( ! ri*e/ citiz5s4 ,! new gov]nm5t made an alliance ) ,japan & ,*9a aga9/ ,engl& & ,france2 & ,william ,r&olph return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & became a g5]al 9 comm& ( ! ,am]ican army4 ,b 8 failure to w9 victories caus$ 8 popul>ity to wane1 & he fl$ to a ca/le he _h built = himself 9 ,mexico4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 enrag$ by :at he _h done to turn ! ,japanese emp]or aga9/ !m1 s5t emiss>ies to set fire to 8 ca/le1 & ,william ,r&olph ,alcibiades 0 %ot :ile try+ to make 8 escape f ! flames4 ,f ?is c>e] we le>n t x is n en\gh = a /atesman to be beautiful 9 p]son & *>m+ 9 mann]3 x is also necess>y t he be taught to att5d ,sunday s*ool 9 8 y\?4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,h]o-,,wor%ip ,greek civilization 0 made by a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t tribes1 inhabit+ isl&s1 or f]tile valleys & pla9s sep>at$ by m\nta9 ranges4 ,among ^! tribes !re 0 incessant rivalry & bitt] jeal\sy4 ,!y 7 nev] able to =m a national or racial union1 & _! hi/ory is a succession ( int]-tribal intrigues & w>s4 ,9 addition to ?is came ! class /ruggle4 ,! ari/ocratic classes1 bas$ on l&lordism1 held ! gov]nm5t1 :ile ! prolet>iat1 cr[d+ into ! t[ns1 clamor$ = p[]2 popul> lead]s arose1 & !re 7 conspiracies & civic tumults4 ,inv>iably ! lead]s ( ! dispossess$ p>ty w\ld =m alliances ) outside /ates = w> ^u _! own /ate4 ,m significant yet1 "s w\ld take ! money & s]ve ! cause ( ! ,p]sian k+s1 :o repres5t$ b>b>ian despotism4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( _! writt5 record we f9d ! ,greeks j em]g+ f ! family /age4 ,! old m5 rul$2 !y 7 ! wise & ! ri*1 & no "o disput$ _! au?ority4 ,!y =m$ alliances & l$ exp$itions = ! plund]+ ( o!r /ates2 !n1 return+ to _! ance/ral halls1 !y hir$ musicians to ent]ta9 !m by *ant+ ! /ory ( _! exploits4 ,s we h ! ,hom]ic poems1 rul+-class propag&a1 writt5 to glorify ! ance/ors ( p[]ful *iefta9s & fight+ m51 & to inculcate ! _s ( ob$i5ce & m>tial pride 9 ! new g5]ations4 ,e device ( ! poet's art is employ$ to l5d prom95ce & spl5dor to ! ,hom]ic h]oes4 ,!y are frequ5tly demigods1 ! result ( "s mood ( dalliance on ! "p ( "o ( ! high gods ( ,olympus1 :o came d[n to e>? & enc\nt]$ a lovely ,greek maid5 w&]+ 9 a mead[4 ,?is div9e illegitimacy entitles ! h]oes to ! c5t] ( ! /age1 & !y take x4 ,!y are a set ( extremely gre$y1 jeal\s1 va9 & caprici\s s*ool-boys2 &1 :at is /ill m significant1 _! gods1 ! highe/ ideal !y c\ld conceive1 are exactly z gre$y1 jeal\s1 va9 & caprici\s4 ,! only beautiful emotion 9 ! poems is :5 "s ( ! mo!rs & fa!rs1 ! wives & *ildr5 ( ^? h]oes express = !m an affection ( :i* !y are unwor?y4 ,we are accu/om$ to use ! words 8,hom]ic0 & 8epic0 to signify some?+ va/1 elem5tal1 port5t\s4 ,h[ is x t ,hom] secures to 8 *>act]s ?is 8h]oic0 effect8 ,by caus+ all ! re/ ( ! _w to b[ to _! pret5sions1 by int]e/+ ! gods 9 _! fate--&1 above all else1 by portray+ !m z unre/ra9$ 9 _! emotions & limitless 9 _! desires4 ,^! are ! famili> devices :]eby ari/ocracy signifies itself4 ,& t expla9s :y su* m5 z ,mat!w ,arnold & ,glad/one write volumes ( rhapsody ov] ,hom]4 ,!re is 9 ,engl& a class :i* has inv5t$ ways ( sett+ =? to ! _w ! fact t x does n h to "w = a liv+4 ,!re are ?+s ?is class c d :i* ! vulg> h]d _c d2 & "o ( ^! ?+s is to read & appreciate ,lat9 & ,greek lit]ature4 ,hom] is to ! ,briti% _w ( culture :at ! top-hat is to ! ,briti% _w s>torial4 ,hom] s]ves ^! purposes1 because he has ! ari/ocratic po9t ( view1 & gives ! ari/ocratic m9d :at x craves4 ,j z we *]i% g5ealogy volumes to prove t our ance/ors came ov] 9 ! ,mayfl[]1 s ! ,hom]ic m9/rel *ant$ a catalogue ( ! %ips :i* _h tak5 "p 9 ! ,trojan w>4 ,& j z our memb]s ( good society prea* 8law & ord]0 to ! l[] classes1 s 9 ! ,hom]ic poems x is made cle> t ! common soldi] exi/s to %$ 8 blood = ! glory ( 8 *ief4 ,only once does a common man lift 8 voice 9 ! 8,iliad0--! fam\s sc5e 9 ! c\ncil :]e ,!rsites d>es to rise up4 ,he is repres5t$ z a hun*back$ & (f5sive brawl]2 he is ov]:elm$ ) ridicule1 & f9ally receives a s\nd ?ra%+ f ,ulysses1 call$ 8! wily10 ! ,greek ideal ( ! %rewd & s5sible man ( ! _w4 8,! sov]eignty ( ! _m is n good10 decl>es ?is 8wily0 "o2 8let !re be "o sov]eign1 "o k+40 ,we %all f9d t ! b>ds ( ari/ocracy seldom neglect to flatt] _! ma/]s by %[+ "s rebel ?us be+ taught 8 place4 ,we %all f9d ,%akespe>e treat+ ,jack ,cade precisely z ,hom] treats ,!rsites2 nei!r /opp+ = a mom5t to inquire :e!r ! grumbl] _h any j cause to grumble4 ,we %all f9d also t leisure-class critics always accept ^! sc5es z pure & undefil$ 8art10 & are %ock$ by ! sugge/ion ( _! mighty m9/rels /oop+ to propag&a 9 ! int]e/ ( ^? :o pay !m4 ,9 ^? e>ly days ! pay 0 poor2 if leg5d is to be tru/$1 ,hom] w&]$ bl9d & fri5dless among ! ,greek t[ns1 :i* aft]w>ds claim$ ! honor ( be+ 8 bir?place4 ,says ! epigram3 ,sev5 weal?y t[ns cont5d = ,hom] dead1 ,?r\gh :i* ! liv+ ,hom] begg$ 8 bread4 ,tak+ ! 8,iliad0 on ! basis ( lit]ature1 we say x conta9s f9e poetry1 & vivid pictures ( old-"t mann]s1 fasc9at+ to read ab\t--if y come on !m :ile y are "y4 ,!re is a /age ( life :5 we are nave & uncritical 9 our acceptance ( 8h]oism40 ,we adopt a c]ta9 %9+ p]son1 we %>e 8 glories1 we g out to battle ) him1 we ?rill to e /roke ( 8 broad sword1 we %\t :5 he w9s ! victory--& nev] reflect t we might exactly z well be int]e/$ 9 ! o!r fell[1 :o has exactly z mu* "r to survive4 ,! av]age p]son rea*es t age ( h]o-wor%ip at twelve ye>s1 & passes x at sixte51 if he passes x at all4 ,let *ildr5 read ! 8,odyssey0 9 a good translation2 !y w enjoy ^! p]ils & lat] on !y w discov] t ! univ]se has n yet be5 entirely explor$--!re are p]ils 9 ! />ry spaces1 & 9 ! deeps ( our m9ds4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,hundr$ ,,p] ,,c5t ,,a!nian ,once 9 _! hi/ory fate provid$ ! ,greeks ) a great cause2 t 0 9 ! fif? c5tury1 :5 ! gigantic ,jugg]naut ( ,p]sia came roll+ d[n ^u !m4 ,k+ ,x]xes assembl$ 8 b>b>ian hordes1 8 tribes ( wild horsem5 & 8 phalanxes ( slaves1 8 w> elephants & 8 *>iots4 ,comp>$ ) ^! invad]s1 ! ,greeks 7 mod]n civiliz$ m52 free m51 hold+ 9 _! m9ds all ! treasures ( ! future4 ,!y =got _! /ate jeal\sies & civic factions1 & ralli$ & sav$ _! culture4 ,f t national impulse came practically ev]y?+ t is wor? :ile 9 ! 8classics40 ,x 0 "h t ! ,greek _s a*iev$ self-consci\sness2 x 0 "h t ,greek patriotism & ,greek religion f\nd _! ju/ification1 _! validity z propag&a = great art4 ,among ! ,a!nian capta9s :o f\ght at ,m>a?on 0 "o by ! "n ( s*ylus4 ,he return$1 full ( ! pride ( 8 race1 & wrote a trag$y1 8,! ,p]sians10 ar\nd ! /ory ( ! k+ :om he _h help$ to defeat2 ! climax ( ! drama be+ ! battle 9 :i* ! poet _h be5 a lead]4 ,x 0 ,greek patriotic & religi\s propag&a )\t any ?\ght ( disguise2 its purpose be+ to portray ! d[nfall ( despotism4 ,! play 0 a popul> success1 & made s*ylus ! national poet1 n m]ely ( ,a!ns1 b ( all ! ,greeks4 ,he wrote o!r plays ( ! same religi\s & patriotic sort1 & he nev] fe>$ to put 9 :atev] moral tea*+s he ?\ght 8 audi5ce ne$$4 8,ob$i5ce is ! "m ( success1 br++ safety10 summ$ up 8 political cre$2 s1 ne$less to say1 he belong$ to ! cons]vative p>ty4 ,s little 0 he afraid ( 8propag&a0 t 9 8,! ,sev5 ,aga9/ ,!bes0 he prais$ by "n ! /atesman ,ari/ides1 :o 0 pres5t 9 ! audi5ce4 ,?is k9d ( topical illusion 8br\ght d[n ! h\se0 9 anci5t ,a!ns1 precisely z x w\ld 9 ,new ,york today4 ,! sculptors & ar*itects & o!r arti/s ( ,greece felt ! same patriotic & religi\s ?rill1 ! same consci\sness ( a sublime de/9y2 !y labor$ ) burn+ fai? to glorify ! gods & demigods1 ! ance/ors & rul]s :o _h made !m ma/]s ( ! l&4 ,z a memorial to ! victory ( ,m>a?on ! ,greeks in/itut$ national games1 :i* took place e f\r ye>s1 & 7 a means ( unit+ ! v>i\s tribes 9 wor%ip ( _! gods4 ,!re 0 ! ke5e/ rivalry1 & ! ambition ( ,greek g5tlem5 0 to w9 ! cr[ns & laurel wrea?s4 ,:5 !y _h won1 !y want$ ! fact to be kn[n2 s !y paid poets :o c\ld s+ _! a*ievem5ts 9 glori\s v]ses4 ,! poet ,p9d> became a high-class publicity man = ^! ari/ocratic sportsm52 also he sang ! praises ( :atev] tyrants held p[] 9 ! ,greek cities1 mak+ !m spl5did & h]oic1 reg>dless ( h[ unpr9cipl$ & cruel !y might be4 ,! production ( ! dramas 0 also a k9d ( game4 ,ea* playwright f\nd a weal?y patron to pay ! exp5ses ( drill+ & equipp+ ! *orus = 8 play2 !n1 if ! play c>ri$ (f ! prize1 ! weal?y g5tleman built a monum5t to 8 own g5]osity2 & s we saw1 l9+ ! /reets ( ,a!ns1 ! *oregic monum5ts ( ,&rew ,c>negie & ,john ,d4 ,rockefell] & ,otto ,h4 ,kahn4 ,ea* poet seek+ ! prize w\ld take ! demigods & ance/ral rul]s1 & portray !m accord+ to 8 own int]pretation2 incid5tally he w\ld use ! *orus to discuss ! curr5t ev5ts ( politics1 & to express 8 own convictions4 ,?us s*ylus wrote 8 8,eum5ides0 to oppose ! aboli%+ ( ! ,areopagiticus1 an anci5t c\rt :i* met on ! ,sacr$ ,hill3 j z if today a poet %\ld produce a drama to combat ! radical attacks on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,ano!r dramati/ arose1 ! son ( a noble family1 ,sophocles by "n4 ,he wrote "s ?irty plays1 & c>ri$ (f ! prize n9ete5 times1 & 8 rivals & enemies took pleasure 9 *>g+ t he 0 gre$y = money1 a regul> old mis]1 besides be+ exceptionally fond ( ! ladies1 & rais+ a l>ge illegitimate family4 ,sophocles produc$ s]5e & beautiful works1 because he believ$ 9 ! patriotic & pi\s traditions he s]v$1 accept+ ! hide\s /ories ( ! old-"t ,greek h]oes & demi-gods z ! natural fate ( mortals4 ,he is ! p]fect type ( ! rul+-class arti/ :o a*ieves p]fection )\t /rife1 because he is completely at "o ) 8 environm5t1 id5tify+ ! int]e/s ( 8 class ) ! w ( ! gods4 ,we %all enc\nt] a l9e ( su* poets--,virgil1 ,sp5s]1 ,%akespe>e1 ,rac9e1 ,goe!1 ,t5nyson4 ,!y feel love & pity = ! unhappy *ildr5 ( _! bra9s1 & !y move u to grief & awe1 b nev] d !y move u to revolt4 ,b n[ came ano!r dramati/1 9 a diff]5t mood4 ,?is man look$ at ! ,greek leg5ds & decid$ t !y 7 n true4 ,he look$ at ,greek in/itutions1 private prop]ty1 & /ate patriotism1 & ! sov]eignty ( old m5 9 family & tribe1 & he decid$ t ^! 7 n necess>ily wise & p]man5t arrangem5ts4 ,he set himself up z a propag&i/ ( ?+s t we call 8mod]n10 & t ! ,greeks call$ blasphemy & infidelity4 ,8 "n 0 ,euripides1 & he took ! h]oes & h]o9es ( ! old leg5ds & turn$ !m into pla9 human be+s1 suff]+ ! cruelties ( fate1 b fight+ back1 voic+ prote/s & d\bts4 ,s came a /r+ ( plays1 je]+ at milit>ism & false patriotism1 d5\nc+ slav]y & ! subjection ( wom5 9 ! home1 rebuk+ religi\s bigotry1 und]m9+ ! noble & weal?y classes4 ,a play 9 :i* ! wom5 get toge!r to rebel aga9/ w>6 ,a play 9 :i* a devot$ wife gives h] life to an angry god 9 ord] to save h] husb&'s life--b ! husb& is %[n z an egoti/ical cad1 n wor?y ( ?is dutiful & pi\s ,greek sacrifice6 ,read a passage ( ! dramatic propag&a ( ,euripides1 & realize h[ ?is mu/ h s\nd$ to hundr$ p] c5t ,a!nian patriots--& "r 9 ! mid/ ( a w> to ! dea? ) ,sp>ta3 ,do? "s "o say t !re be gods above8 ,!re are n2 no1 !re are n4 ,let no fool1 ,l$ by ! old false fable1 ?us deceive y4 ,look at ! facts !mselves1 yield+ my words ,no undue cr$5ce2 = ,i say t k+s ,kill1 rob1 break oa?s1 lay cities wa/e by fraud1 ,& do+ ?us are happi] ?an ^? ,:o live calm pi\s lives day aft] day4 ,h[ _m little /ates t s]ve ! gods ,are subject to ! godless b m /rong1 ,made slaves by might ( a sup]ior army6 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,funny ,,man ,,( ,,reaction ,ne$less to say1 ! ,bol%evik s5tim5ts ( ,euripides 7 n proclaim$ be=e ! alt> ( ,dionysus )\t prote/ on ! "p ( ! or?odox4 ,!re rose up ano!r dramati/1 ?is "t a com$ian1 to *ampion ! anci5t & honorable traditions ( ,a!ns4 ,ari/ophanes 0 8 "n1 & he 0 "o ( ! _w's great ma/]s ( ! comic l9e4 ,he _h inf9ite v]ve & wit & imag9ation2 y c read him today & laugh out l\d--ev5 :ile 8 reaction>y ideas make y cross4 ,! po9t to be got cle> is t "r or wrong1 ?is poet is altoge!r a propag&i/2 a political campaign]1 full ( ! mo/ bitt] fury aga9/ 8 enemies1 attack+ !m by "n1 lampoon+ !m1 ridicul+ !m1 n scrupl+ ev5 to tell vici\s falsehoods ab\t !m4 ,he wrote 8 plays to advocate ?is !sis or t !sis2 he arrang$ 8 incid5ts to exhibit ?is or t aspect ( ! !sis2 he *ose 8 *>act]s1 ei!r to voice 8 own convictions1 or to make ! opposite convictions absurd4 ,n m]ely d 8 *>act]s make long spee*es 9 :i* !y set =? ! poet's ideas2 at any "t 9 ! c\rse ( ! action ! poet w wave ^! *>act]s "o side1 & /ep out 9 ! =m ( ! *orus & say :at he ?9ks1 argu+ & plead+ ) ! audi5ce1 scold+ at !m1 d5\nc+ 8 enemies1 expla9+ 8 previ\s actions1 discuss+ 8 pres5t play--ev5 go+ s f> z to expla9 to ! audi5ce :y !y %\ld aw>d ! prize to ,ari/ophanes & n to somebody else6 ,i d\bt if !re has ev] be5 a bold] propag&i/ us+ ! /age2 ,i d\bt if ! prop]ti$ classes & ! p>tisans ( tradition ev] _h a m vigor\s def5d]2 & ?is1 don't fail to note1 9 a _w dramati/1 a 8classic0 ( hi/ory's greate/ 8art = art's sake0 p]iod6 ,! amaz+ mod]nness ( ,ari/ophanes is :at /rikes u mo/4 ,!re is h>dly a s+le "o ( our pres5t-day cont5ti\s que/ions he does n discuss at l5g?4 ,he has ! malici\s wit ( ! ,new ,york 8,sun0 9 ! days ( ,dana2 he has ! fun ( ,/eph5 ,leacock1 ^: comical tales ridicule e new & s5sible idea ! human m9d c conceive4 ,aga91 "o ?9ks ( ! v]ses ( ,wallace ,irw9--except t ,ari/ophanes s9c]ely held 8 convictions1 :]eas ,mr4 ,irw9's wit appe>s to be direct$ by 8 newe/ publi%]4 ,ari/ophanes 0 a g5tleman1 9 ! ,engli% s5se ( ! ^w1 & wrote = o!r g5tlem54 ,j z 9 ,engl& dur+ ! late w> we obs]v$ ! manufactur]s ( be] & munitions ris+ to p[] & turn+ ! ari/ocracy out ( _! ca/les1 s dur+ ! ,peloponnesian w> ,ari/ophanes saw 8 cultur$ class dispossess$ by newly ri* trad]s4 ,!re is a sc5e 9 ! 8,knights0 9 :i* he d5\nces !m2 !y are 8mong]s10 a :ole succession ( 8mong]s0--topical allusions :i* ! audi5ce receiv$ ) ro>s ( laught]4 ,fir/ came a rope-mong] to gov]n ! /ate1 & !n a mutton-mong]2 n[ !re 0 a lea!r-mong]--,cleon1 rul] ( ! city1 :o sat 9 ! audi5ce & he>d himself abus$4 ,a!ns c\ld g only "o /age l[]1 said ,ari/ophanes1 & he produc$ an (fal-mong]1 & recit$ to ?is p]son a li/ ( 8 vices1 :i* prov$ him fit to take *>ge ( public affairs4 ,z to ,cleon1 ! poet object$ t 8 political mann]s 7 rude2 & 9 ord] to set him a good example1 describ$ him z 8a :ale t keeps a public h\se & has a voice l a pig on fire60 ,?is 0 9 w>-"t--& imag9e :at w\ld h happ5$ to a playwright :o produc$ a play 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 9 ! ye> #aiah1 describ+ ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 simil> language6 ,aga91 ,ari/ophanes produc$ a play d5\nc+ 8 city = its %abby treatm5t ( its tribut>y /ates4 ,he produc$ ?is play :ile ambassadors f ^? /ates 7 9 ! audi5ce1 att5d+ a c\ncil ( ! empire4 ,= ?is ,cleon _h ! poet prosecut$ & f9$2 s 9 8 next production ,ari/ophanes comes back1 propos+ t ! p %all kick out a numb] ( rascals1 includ+ ,all /atesm5 retr5*+ ! fees & ! sal>ies ,( !atrical b>ds1 9 rev5ge = ! raill]ies1 ,& je/s1 & lampoons1 ( ?is holy solemnity1 ,pr(anely pursu+ _! p]sonal enmity1 ,= hav+ be5 fl\t$1 & sc(f'd1 & scorn'd-- ,all su* are admoni%'d & he>tily w>n'd6 ,ari/ophanes loa!d ,euripides = hav+ turn$ ! ance/ral h]oes into weak mortals1 ) s5tim5ts & :9+s ab\t _! rights & wrongs4 ,he dragg$ ! poet d[n into hell1 & !re beat him ) all ! weapons he c\ld lay hold (4 ,he took ! poet's play ( fem9ism1 ! 8,lysi/rata10 & turn$ x to f>ce by t mo/ mod]n ( devices1 a /rike ( mo!rs6 ,a play 9 :i* ! wom5 ( ,a!ns refuse to co-habit ) _! husb&s until ! husb&s h end$ ! w> ) ,sp>ta6 ,also ,ari/ophanes loa!d ,socrates1 because t philosoph] taught ! y\?s ( ,a!ns to ?9k = !mselves4 ,to ?is ! poet attribut$ ! corruption ( ,alcibiades1 ! "y ari/ocrat :o _h be5 a pupil ( ,socrates1 & _h sold out 8 c\ntry to ! ,p]sian k+4 ,he wrote a play call$ 8,! ,cl\ds10 9 :i* he repres5t$ ,socrates z a cunn+ trick/]1 tea*+ m5 h[ to advocate any cause = money4 ,he portray$ ! philosoph] sitt+ 9 a hang+ basket 9 front ( 8 h\se1 p]=m+ absurdities ) 8 pupils4 ,x is exactly ! tone ( a 8,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/0 editorial1 je]+ at 8p>lor p9ks10 & college pr(essors :o tea* _! pupils 8mugwump]y40 ,! "t came :5 ! mob vot$ dea? to ,socrates2 & ?is 0 ! great triumph ( ! funny man ( reaction4 ,b alas1 ! dea? ( "o free-?9k] did n suffice to br+ ! citiz5s ( ,a!ns back to ! simple life ( _! ance/ors4 ,!y cont9u$ to make money & enjoy !mselves1 & to hire soldi]s to d _! fight+4 ,_! dramati/s develop$ ! s-call$ 8social com$y0--t is1 pictures ( ! fa%ions & follies ( ! leisure class1 )\t any propag&a4 ,x is an inv>iable rule t ! abs5ce ( propag&a 9 ! art ( a p means t ?is p is 9 process ( intellectual & moral decay4 ,s n[ a /rong man came d[n out ( ! nor? & took *>ge ( ,greece1 & ,greek lit]ature mov$ into ! ,alex&r9e p]iod4 ,! c5t] ( ?is new culture 0 ! city ( ,alex&ria1 9 ,egypt4 ,! poets n[ took pride 9 _! te*nical skill1 & wrote delicate & *>m+ portrayals ( ! delights ( love4 ,a horde ( le>n$ s*ol>s busi$ !mselves ) criticism & int]pretation ( ! works ( ! pa/1 & compos$ long epic poems deal+ ) gramm> & rhetoric & simil> subjects4 ,?is too 0 8propag&a02 b y note t x 0 propag&a ( a second>y & imitative sort1 x 0 n produc$ by m5 :o 7 do+ great de$s1 & creat+ new =ms ( life4 ,alex&ria 0 a cosmopolitan c5t]1 rul$ by a despot1 ! home ( "s weal?y & cultur$ g5tlem51 :o support$ pa9t]s & sculptors & poets & musicians & actors to :ile away _! bor$om1 & to s]ve z _! press-ag5ts & trumpet]s4 ,b ! art ( classical ,greece 0 ! "w ( free m51 citiz5s ( a /ate rul$ by a l>g] proportion ( its inhabitants ?an _h ev] be=e held au?ority 9 civiliz$ times4 ,t meant ?r\gh\t ! community ! joy & ?rill ( intellectual adv5ture1 x meant a great leap ( a*ievem5t = ! :ole gr\p4 ,su* inv>iably is ! orig9 ( art :i* we n[ reg>d z 8classical0--& :i* we use to hold ! m9ds ( new g5]ations 9 *a9 to tradition & con=mity6 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,a!ns ,,& ,,los ,,angeles ,!re has be5 peace 9 ! cave = a :ile1 because ,mrs4 ,ogi has be5 int]e/$ 9 le>n+ ab\t ! ,greeks4 8,i p]ceive10 %e says1 8t !re are sup]/itions 9 ! arts1 j z 9 religion40 8,exactly10 says ,ogi2 8& !y s]ve ! same purpose4 ,!y beg9 z hone/ ignorance1 & are !n tak5 up & us$ z a s\rce ( income & a %ield to privilege40 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8,x /rikes me ! ,greeks liv$ 9 a c\ntry v mu* l ,s\!rn ,cali=nia40 8,q s4 ,! climate is ! same2 & ! rocky hills & f]tile valleys1 & p liv+ ! outdoor life1 & giv+ _! "t to sports4 ,! "o-piece ba?+-suits t h come into fa%ion 9 our #8beauty p>ades' are ab\t ! same ?+ z ! ,greek maid5s runn+ nak$ 9 ! games4 ,& if y want to p>allel ! d>k] side ( ,greek s5su\sness--0 8,!re is ,hollywood10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,!re is all sm>t society1 z mu* luxury & wantonness z y\r !sis requires40 8,b !n1 :y has ,los ,angeles nev] _h any art8 ,i "k :at y are go+ to say--our m5tal en]gy goes into real e/ate adv]tisem5ts4 ,b jok+ aside1 :y80 8,because ! p "h h nev] _h a /ruggle4 ,!y came into a c\ntry already prep>$ = !m1 inhabit$ by tame ,indians liv+ on pion nuts4 ,all ! settl]s _h to d 0 to subdivide ! l&1 & raise ! price once e ye>4 ,!y are too polite to h an art2 if anybody makes a crude ef=t1 x is a ma/]piece1 & we all get toge!r & boo/4 ,y c write "o feeble book1 & live a life-"t on y\r reputation4 ,los ,angeles is a fruit t 0 rott5 be=e x 0 ripe40 8,:at are we go+ to d80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,we are go+ to take our *oice betwe5 a social revolution & a slave empire40 ,mrs4 ,ogi is n c]ta9 ab\t h] *oice2 %e sits1 wat*+ ! entrance ( ! cave out ( ! corn] ( h] eye--! ance/ral habit ( expect+ "s ho/ile intrud]4 ,aft] a :ile %e rem>ks1 8,i notice y didn't say any?+ ab\t slav]y 9 ,greece40 8,x w be bett] to deal ) slav]y 9 ! case ( ! ,romans1 :]e its effects %[ s pla9ly4 ,! ,greeks _h slav]y1 b ! =ce :i* de/roy$ _! civilization 0 faction4 ,!y _h _! #8_w w>1' & ,sir ,gilb]t ,murray1 :o kn[s !m by he>t1 has drawn a p>allel betwe5 t w> & ours2 x is s exact t x makes y laugh--or weep1 accord+ to y\r temp]am5t4 ,! ,greek /ruggle 0 betwe5 ! ,a!nian empire1 a democratic sea p[]1 & ! ,sp>tans1 an ari/ocratic1 milit>y p ) no nons5se ab\t !m4 ,! w> la/$ = two g5]ations1 (f & on2 !y hadn't develop$ ! te*nique ( ext]m9ation z we h4 ,b !y _h all ! social & psy*ic factors ( our #8w> = democracy'--#8defeati/s' & #8bitt]-end]s1' poets & propag&i/s ( hate1 /atesm5 promis+ utopias aft] victory1 spies & in=m]s & provocateurs1 refugees cr[d+ into ! cities1 l&lords rais+ r5ts1 food fam9es1 ration+ ( supplies1 & pr(ite]s co9+ =tunes out ( ! g5]al mis]y4 ,& ( c\rse ! demagogues & hat]s _h _! way2 ,a!ns 0 ru9$ & ,sp>ta 0 bl$ :ite1 & ! ,greeks became subjects1 fir/ ( ,mac$onia1 !n ( ! ,romans1 !n ( ! ,turks40 8,?us ende? ! fir/ lesson10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,& n[ = ! ,romans40 8,well1 ! ,romans didn't ble$ !mselves to dea?2 !y 7 practical fell[s1 ) a bus9ess man's po9t ( view4 ,!y turn$ _! deadly %ort swords aga9/ o!r races2 & :5 !y _h conqu]$ somebody1 !y put him to "w = ! glory ( ! ,gr& ,old ,p>ty4 ,!y 7 #8h>d-boil$1' z we say2 our big bus9ess m5 ( ! r\gh] type--old ,p4 ,d4 ,arm\r1 & ,pullman1 & #8,jesse ,james' ,hill1 & ,h>riman1 & ! eld] ,morgan1 & ,judge ,g>y4 ,?is bank] 9 ,*icago t ! ,republican p>ty has j put ov] on u z vice-presid5t1 ,g5]al #8,hel5 ,m>ia' ,dawes--he comm&$ an army aga9/ ! ,g]mans1 & hav+ conqu]$ !m1 he goes back to put !m "u bond1 to set !m at "w = long h\rs1 & dra9 ! milk out ( ! mo!rs' brea/s1 & fe$ x to ! int]national bank]s1 in/ead ( to ! ,g]man infants4 ,t 0 a p]fect ,roman job1 & ,g5]al ,hel5 ,m>ia w\ld h be5 ! boy aft] ! ,romans' own he>t2 !y w\ld h made him a prefect ov] ! :ole ( ,asia ,m9or1 or ,nor!rn ,africa1 or ,spa91 & he w\ld h come home a millionaire--b nev] s ri* z ! head ( "o ( ! ,morgan banks 9 ,*icago60 8,i %\ldn't ?9k y'd get mu* art out ( p l t10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,b g ahead & tell u ! /ory40 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,! ,,slave ,,empire ,rome1 l all o!r nations1 0 f\nd$ by /]n1 det]m9$ m51 :o believ$ 9 !mselves & 9 _! tribal gods4 ,!y conqu]$ ! p59sula ( ,italy1 & built mighty cities1 & a net-"w ( milit>y roads1 & aqu$ucts :i* endure ev5 today4 ,all t "t _! /ate 0 a republic2 9 fact1 !y made ! ^w = u--res public mean public affairs1 & all ,roman citiz5s took "p 9 !m1 discuss$ & vot$1 pass$ laws & en=c$ ! laws4 ,!y rais$ armies1 & built fleets ( %ips1 & conqu]$ ,c>?age1 & ultimately ! :ole ,m$it]ranean _w4 ,b1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! "t1 !y enslav$ _! prison]s 9 w>2 & s1 9 ! c\rse ( six or eight c5turies1 ,rome provid$ ! classic demon/ration ( :at slav]y does to civilization4 ,em]son has said t :]ev] y f9d a *a9 fa/5$ to ! wri/ ( a slave1 y f9d ! o!r end fa/5$ to ! wri/ ( a ma/]4 ,x is possible = a slave-hold] to be a virtu\s man1 b x is impossible = him to raise virtu\s *ildr54 ,slaves are tricky & di%one/1 full ( suppressions & secret vices2 ev5 :]e !y mean well1 !y debau* ! "y by wait+ ^u !m & depriv+ !m ( initiative4 ,:y %\ld a "y ari/ocrat "w1 :5 he kn[s he w gr[ up to inh]it papa's money8 ,9 a few g5]ations he is too effem9ate ev5 to fight4 ,:y %\ld he risk 8 preci\s life1 :5 he c hire common soldi]s8 ,n only t1 b slav]y und]m9es free labor1 & breaks d[n ! f>m+ class4 ,*eap food p\r$ into ,rome1 & ! f>m]s 7 ru9$1 & _! sons drift$ into ! cities4 ,! l&s ( ,italy 7 mortgag$1 & ! money-l5d]s got !m4 ,weal?y m]*ants & (ficials return+ f ! prov9ces became own]s ( va/ e/ates1 :ile ! cities 7 cr[d$ ) a hungry mob1 idle1 dissolute--& victimiz$ by ! own]s ( slum t5em5ts4 ,y may see e bit ( t reproduc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates today1 = *attel slav]y & wage slav]y are 9 _! economic effects ! same4 ,! only diff]5ce is t a process :i* took six or eight c5turies 9 ,rome is tak+ "o c5tury "u ! /imulus ( ma*9]y4 ,! ,roman mob _h ! vote1 & !y us$ x to get some?+ = !mselves4 ,!re came class /ruggles1 bitt] & f]oci\s4 ,two "y bro!rs ( ! ari/ocracy1 ,caius & ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 became *ampions ( ! common p--:at we call 8p>lor ,sociali/s40 ,!y 7 assass9at$1 & ! p>tisans ( privilege1 ! 8old gang10 proce$$ to slaught] ev]ybody 9 ,italy :o ?reat5$ _! p[]4 ,!re foll[$ two g5]ations ( civil /rife1 & !n came a /rong man1 ,julius ,cs>1 :o put an end to political democracy4 ,9 hi/ory books t are taught to our s*ool *ildr5 today y w read t ,cs> 0 a great & virtu\s protector ( law & ord]2 because ! class :i* is pay+ = s*ool text-books 9 capitali/ ,am]ica is wait+ hopefully = ! arrival ( exactly su* a man to put an end to ! ?reat ( indu/rial democracy4 ,s ,rome became 9 =m :at x 0 9 fact1 an empire1 ! mo/ colossal ma*9e = plund]+ t _h ev] be5 se5 on e>?4 ,a little inside gang ( ri* m5 ran x1 & kept ! mob satisfi$ by bread & circuses & gladiatorial %[s4 ,! ,roman emp]ors tri$ e =m ( debau*]y & blood-?ir/y cruelty1 ince/ & unnatural vice1 & cr[n$ x by hav+ !mselves made into gods ) _! /atues set up to be wor%ip$ 9 ! temples4 ,_! heirs took to murd]+ & poison+ ea* o!r1 & ,rome 0 gov]n$ by palace revolutions4 ,!n ! army discov]$ t x c\ld %>e ! graft1 & ! troops took to revolt+ & sett+ up _! lead]s z emp]ors & gods4 ,all ! :ile ! tribute cont9u$ to roll 9--! weal? ( ! :ole _w squ&]$ 9 "o mad orgy-- 8,look "h10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi2 8y h got 9 a solid *apt] ( prea*+--& we are try+ to f9d out ab\t art60 8,i'm all ?r\gh n[10 says h] husb&1 humbly4 8,b no "o c\ld und]/& ,roman art )\t und]/&+ ! economics ( slav]y40 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,dumb ,,pi\s ,,neas ,9 ! beg9n+ ! ,romans didn't bo!r v mu* ) art4 ,9 _! public build+s !y 7 cont5t to take ov] ! ,greek /yles--b mak+ !m heavy & solid1 s z to la/ to ! end ( "t4 ,! attitude ( a ,roman g5tleman t[>d ! f9e arts rem9ds me ( a weal?y ,s\!rn plant] ^: son want$ to become a viol9i/1 & ! fa!r said1 8,i c hire all ! fiddl]-fell[s ,i want40 ,! ,roman g5tleman b\ght p ( t sort--musicians1 danc]s & poets ) skill h&$ d[n f 8! glory t 0 ,greece40 ,until ! republic 0 dead & ! ,emp]or ,augu/us took ! ?rone4 ,!n came a "t ( peace1 & a ,roman s*ol>1 ! son ( a c\ntry proprietor1 look$ ab\t him1 & see+ ! p]ils ( int]nal decay & outside b>b>ism loom+ ov] 8 _w1 he recall$ ! /]n sobriety ( ! good old days1 & ye>n$ to br+ back ! gov]n+ class ( ,rome to rev]5ce = _! ance/ors4 ,!re is a report t ! ,emp]or ,augu/us himself sugge/$ ! task to ! poet2 anyh[1 ,mr4 ,publius ,v]gilius ,m>o1 kn[n to u z ,virgil1 set himself ) sob] delib]ation to ! mak+ ( a piece ( ,roman national & religi\s propag&a4 ,x 0 to be an epic aft] ! fa%ion ( ,hom]1 writt5 9 dactylic hexamet]1 l ,hom]4 ,virgil ca/ ab\t him = a h]o1 & select$ a leg5d>y ,trojan nam$ neas1 :o 0 said to h fl$ f ! ,greeks & to h f\nd$ ,rome4 ,! *>act]s 9 ,hom] c>ri$ an adjective be=e _! names1 8! wily ,ulysses10 8! swift-foot$ ,a*illes10 & s on4 ,!re=e ?is h]o mu/ h an adjective1 & he becomes 8! pi\s neas0--! man :o respects ! old-"t fai?1 & pres]ves ! old-"t traditions ( virtue1 sobriety & public s]vice4 ,s "h is an epic poem1 wr\ght ) v]bal skill & s9c]ity ( feel+1 convey+ to u ! dream ( ,rome z x ought to be1 b 0 n4 ,we see ! w&]+s ( neas & 8 %ip-load ( companions4 ,we see him l& at ,c>?age1 & c>ry on a love affair ) ,que5 ,dido1 & !n des]t h]--n a s]i\s impropriety 9 ,roman days4 ,we see ! f\nd+ fa!r celebrat+ ! old-"t religi\s rites1 consult+ ! auguries & ask+ ! bless+ ( ^? gods1 ( :i* e ,roman _h a little image 9 8 home1 j z or?odox ,russians & ,roman ,ca?olics d today4 ,! 8neid0 is consid]$ ideal = infliction ^u helpless s*ool boys2 x be+ full ( t c>eful propriety & decor\s tam5ess :i* repres5t :at our *ildr5 ought to be1 b are n4 ,! old pr(essor ( ,lat9 :o inflict$ ! poem ^u me 0 an ard5t propag&i/ ( ! ,ca?olic fai?1 & x 0 8 hope t if we le>n$ prop] respect = ! e/abli%$ religion ( anci5t ,rome1 we might "s day be lur$ into simil> respect = ! e/abli%$ religion ( mod]n ,rome4 ,we read1 or made up1 a phrase3 8,dum pius neas10 mean+3 8,:ile ! pi\s neas0--4 ,we boys knew we 7 be+ propag&$1 & we res5t$ x1 & ?is phrase gave u a *ance to express our feel+s4 8,! dumb pi\s neas0 became our =mula4 8,:at's y\r next h\r80 8,oh1 ,i've got ! dumb pi\s neas60 ,we w\ld sit & solemnly translate a long acc\nt ( a prize-fight--a religi\s prize-fight1 "p ( ! pi\s games4 ,! antagoni/s wore no vulg> box+-gloves1 b a my/]i\s1 romantic ?+ call$ a 8ce/us10 :i* we did n recognize z pla9 8brass knucks40 ,& woe to ! /ud5t if ! dumb pi\s pr(essor happ5$ to cat* him ) a morn+ newspap] "u 8 desk1 read+ an acc\nt ( a prize-fight :i* _h happ5$ ! night be=e 9 ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d56 ,woe likewise to ! /ud5t :o1 translat+ ! rage ( ! des]t$ ,que5 ,dido--8fur5s quid fem9a possit0--happ5$ to be caught read+ ! /ory ( "s que5 ( ! /age or ! gr& op]a :o _h committ$ suicide because ( a fai?less lov]6 ,does anyone "q t ! 8neid0 is propag&a8 ,if s1 ,i m5tion t ! poet lo/ 8 c\ntry e/ate 9 "o ( ! civil w>s2 & on acc\nt ( 8 beautiful v]ses ! ,emp]or ,augu/us re/or$ ! prop]ty to him1 & made him a c\rt favorite4 ,s 9 ! 8neid0 we f9d ?is pi\s emp]or describ$ 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,?is1 ?is is he--long promis$1 (t =etold-- ,augu/us ,cs>4 ,he ! age ( gold1 ,god-born himself1 9 ,latium %all re/ore ,& rule ! l& t ,saturn rul$ be=e4 ,t is a m direct & p]sonal k9d ( propag&a1 ! propag&a ( a hungry poet 9 se>* ( 8 d9n]4 ,we %all f9d a great deal ( x ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( art1 & x is1 ,i am told1 n entirely unkn[n 9 art circles today4 8,i h "h10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8a lett] f a ,pr(essor :o has be5 read+ ?is manuscript4 ,he prote/s1 #8n 9 a pr(essorial fa%ion'--0 8,naturally n10 says ,ogi4 8,t y _c possibly "k ! old au?ors z well z he does1 :o has giv5 ! great] "p ( 8 life to /udy+ !m4 #8,to say t ,virgil 0 a sycophant ( a ,roman emp]or is a v sup]ficial e/imate1 :i* ov]looks ! really deep matt] 9 8 writ+s4 ,to say t someh[ !re has con/antly be5 a consci\s trick play$ on humanity1 9 def5d+ & glorify+ ! rul+ classes1 is m]ely silly4 ,!re 0 no k ( a social "q !n1 any m ?an !re 0 electric ma*9]y4'0 8,t is important10 answ]s ,ogi1 8& ,i want to get x /raight4 ,i %\ld l to put an arr[ on ! cov] ( ?is book1 direct+ ! att5tion ( all pr(essors to ! fact t ,i d n /ate or imply t ! great leisure-class arti/s 7 play+ a #8consci\s trick4' ,sometimes !y knew :at !y 7 do+2 b mo/ ( ! "t !y j wrote t way1 because !y 7 t k9d ( m54 ,i h tri$ to make ?is pla92 b evid5tly ! ,pr(essor miss$ x1 s let me give an illu/ration3 8,"h is a hive ( bees2 ea* ( ^! bees all day long dilig5tly labors to collect ! juices ( fl[]s & make x into honey2 or to collect wax1 & build exact hexagonal ar*itectural /ructures 9 :i* to /ore ! honey4 ,n[ comes an entomologi/1 & /udies ! life cycle ( ! bee1 & says t ! purpose ( ! hexagonal /ructures is to hold ! honey 9 ! mo/ economical fa%ion2 ! purpose ( ! honey is to n\ri% ! infant bees :i* w be hat*$ 9 ! hexagonal cells4 ,n[ %all a critic say t ?is entomologi/ is #8silly1' because no bee c h und]/ood ! pr9ciples ( economy involv$ 9 ! hexagonal /ructure1 nor c x h p]=m$ *emical te/s necess>y to det]m9e ! nutritive qualities ( c>bohydrates8 8,! class feel+s ( human be+s are in/9ctive & automatic reactions to economic pressure4 ,! reactions ( ! arti/1 :o seeks fame & success by voic+ ^! class feel+s1 may be j z in/9ctive4 ,b n[ mank9d is em]g+ into consci\sness1 & social life is becom+ rational & delib]ate4 ,i say t "o ( ! /eps 9 ?is process is to g back & /udy ! life cycle ( ! arti/1 & f9d out :]e he collect$ 8 honey1 & h[ he /or$ x1 & :at use 0 made ( x by ! hive40 ,at ?is po9t ,mrs4 ,ogi1 :o has be5 read+ 9 h] ,bible--kn[n to ! re/ ( ! _w z ! ,works ( ,g4 ,b4 ,s4--produces a text f 8,! ,qu9tess5ce ( ,ibs5ism10 read+ z foll[s3 8,! exi/5ce ( a discov]able & p]fectly def9ite !sis 9 a poet's "w by no means dep5ds on ! complet5ess ( 8 own intellectual consci\sness ( x40 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,roman ,,f\r ,,hundr$ ,a few ye>s aft] ,virgil came ano!r ,roman poet1 :om ,i le>n$ to read z a lad4 ,he also 0 tak5 up by ! ,emp]or ,augu/us1 & wrote fulsome odes 9 praise ( ?is emp]or4 ,also he f\nd a patron1 a weal?y g5tleman by ! "n ( ,mc5as1 :o 0 really fond ( ! arts1 & gave ! poet a ,sab9e f>m to live on4 ,?is poet 01 ,i believe1 ! fir/ au?or :o invit$ ! public into 8 home1 & told !m 8 private affairs1 pleasant or o!rwise4 ,be+ t k9d ( a tactless au?or myself1 ,i e>ly conceiv$ a feel+ ( affection = ,mr4 ,qu9tus ,horatius ,flaccus1 kn[n to u z ,horace4 ,= "o ?+1 ?is worldly wise poet kn[s h[ to tip u a w9k1 ev5 :ile h&+ out flatt]y to 8 patron4 ,= ano!r ?+1 8 ,mc5as seems to h be5 a really wor?y s\l4 ,i "k h[ easy x is to love a ri* man2 b 9 ,rome x mu/ h be5 h>d to f9d a ri* man :o c\ld be lov$ at any price4 ,horace 0 a man ( humble ta/es2 all he want$ 0 to live 9 8 books1 & to escape ! brawl & fury ( politics4 ,we might h expect$ him to fall d[n on 8 knees & kiss ! h& ( a man :o gave him a quiet home1 ) fruit-trees ar\nd him1 & sn[-capp$ m\nta9s 9 ! di/ance1 & a crackl+ log fire 9 w9t]-"t4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! poet 0 q dec5t ab\t x4 ,he ass]t$ ! "r ( a man ( lett]s to live an indep5d5t life--q a 8mod]n0 idea1 & h>d = brutal ri* ,romans to und]/&4 ,e n[ & !n ,horace w\ld h to visit 8 patron & fri5d1 & meet "s ( ^! haughty conqu]ors ( ! _w1 & be put 9 8 place by !m4 ,! fa!r ( ,horace 0 :at ! ,romans call$ a 8fre$man02 t is1 he _h =m]ly be5 a slave1 & ! great _w sne]$ at ! poet on t acc\nt4 ,b in/ead ( be+ a%am$ ( 8 ance/ry1 & try+ to hide x1 ,horace put 8 old fa!r into 8 books1 = all ,rome to meet4 ,yes1 said ! poet1 t fond old fre$man fa!r br\ght 8 little boy to ,rome to get an education1 & walk$ e day to s*ool ) him1 c>ry+ 8 books & slate4 ,we c honor ?is hone/ g5tleman1 & read 8 *>m+ v]ses ) pleasure--b )\t committ+ ! absurdities ( ! classical tradition1 :i* ranks ,horace z a great poet4 ,he 0 a pione] man ( lett]s1 & 9 t way made hi/ory2 b !re is no?+ he wrote t ! _w has n le>n$ to write bett] today4 ,!re are a score ( "y fell[s writ+ v]ses = ! columns ( ,am]ican newspap]s :o c turn out j z witty & clev] & human /uff4 8,f4 ,p4 ,a40 has writt5 8take-(fs0 on ,horace1 :i* %ock ! puri/s1 b w\ld h delight$ ,horace4 ,l\is ,unt]mey] has publi%$ volumes ( su* m+l$ wisdom & wit2 & !re is ,au/9 ,dobson1 & above all1 ,he9e--a man :o writes v]se ( lovel9ess to te> y\r he>t-/r+s1 & at ! same "t _h ! n]ve to hit out at ! rul+-class brutes ( 8 age4 8,wasn't !re a s+le arti/ 9 ,rome :o revolt$80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,yes1 !re 0 "o4 ,he also 0 ! son ( a fre$man1 & came ne>ly a c5tury aft] ,virgil & ,horace1 9 ! reign ( ! infam\s ,domitian4 ,8 "n 0 ,juv5al1 & he wrote satires 9 :i* he flay$ ! ari/ocracy ( ! empire = _! vil5ess & mat]ialism4 ,i once publi%$ a novel1 #8,! ,metropolis1' 9 :i* ,i did ! same ?+ = ! s-call$ #8,f\r ,hundr$' ( ,new ,york2 & x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! two pictures--0 8,n[ don't y />t talk+ ab\t y\r own books60 cries ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i don't (f] #8,! ,metropolis' z lit]ature1 b m]ely z a record ( ?+s ,i saw 9 ,new ,york tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,aft]w>ds ,i'll %[ :at ,juv5al has to say on ! same topics4 ,fir/1 #8,! ,metropolis1' page #bgh1 li/+ ! heal?-cures ( ladies 9 high society3 8,"o ( ! consequ5ces ( ! furi\s pace 0 t p's heal? broke d[n v quickly2 & !re 7 all sorts ( biz>re ways ( re/or+ x4 ,"o p]son w\ld be eat+ no?+ b sp9a*1 & ano!r w\ld be liv+ on grass4 ,"o w\ld *ew a m\?ful ( s\p ?irty-two times2 ano!r w\ld eat e two h\rs1 & ano!r only once a week4 ,"s w5t out 9 ! e>ly morn+ & walk$ b>efoot$ 9 ! grass1 & o!rs w5t hopp+ ab\t ! floor on _! h&s & knees to take (f fat4 ,!re 7 #8re/ cures' & #8wat] cures1' #8new ?\ght' & #8metaphysical heal+' & #8,*ri/ian ,sci5ce'2 !re 0 an automatic horse1 :i* "o might ride indoors1 ) a regi/] %[+ ! di/ance travel$4 ,montague met "o man :o _h an electric ma*9e1 :i* co/ ?irty ?\s& doll>s1 & :i* took hold ( 8 arms & feet & ex]cis$ him :ile he wait$4 ,he met a woman :o told him %e 0 rid+ an electric camel6 8,b ( c\rse !y c\ld n really succe$ 9 r$uc+ weight1 because !y 7 incapable ( self-re/ra9t4 ,mrs4 ,billy ,ald5 gave ,montague a delightfully malici\s acc\nt ( a c]ta9 lordly fat lady ( h] set1 :o _h got ! ,turki%-ba? habit4 ,t]rible to enc\nt]1 mo/ awful 9 visage1 %e w\ld ent] ! ba?s by night1 & all ! att5dants w\ld ru% into in/ant action4 #8,%e delights 9 p]spir+ ) great tumult1' said ,mrs4 ,billy4 #8,& :5 h] arms h sunk d[n1 we>i$ ) ! heavy dumb-bells1 ! sly masseur omits to rub d[n no "p ( h] p]son4 ,meantime1 p]haps !re are a numb] ( gue/s assembl$ = d9n] at home4 ,!y wait1 ov]come ) dr[s9ess & hung]4 ,at la/ ! lady comes1 flu%$1 & decl>+ t %e is ?ir/y en\gh = a :ole #8magnum4' ,z soon z %e is seat$ at ! table1 ! footman br+s h] a bucket ( ice1 pack$ ab\t h] own special qu>t ( *ampagne4 ,%e dr9ks half ( ?is be=e %e ta/es any food--call+ x an appetiz]4 ,%e dr9ks s mu* t x won't /ay d[n1 b returns z a cascade on ! floor'--& ,montague _h to /op ,mrs4 ,billy 9 h] too vivid description ( ! sights :i* a c]ta9 unhappy bank]1 ! husb& ( ?is lady1 _h to witness at 8 d9n]-p>ties4 ,said ,mrs4 ,billy1 ) h] usual vividness ( metaphor3 #8,x is l a snake t has crawl$ into a cask ( w9e2 x takes 9 & gives out aga94'0 ,mrs4 ,ogi int]rupts4 8,!re is "o ?+ ,i want to make pla9--t y w]5't m>ri$ to me :5 y publi%$ t disgu/+ /uff40 8,all "r10 says ,ogi2 8x %all be ent]$ 9 ! record4 ,b y mu/ und]/& t ,i am n to blame = ,mrs4 ,billy's /ories40 8,y 7 to blame = ! company y kept10 decl>es ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i call t sort ( writ+ inexcusable40 8,well1 ,i'll try aga910 says h] husb&4 8,on page #cea ( #8,! ,metropolis' y f9d a glimpse ( ! und]world ( ,new ,york3 8,s f> _h ! specialization 9 evil proce$$ t !re 7 places ( pro/itution :i* did a telephone bus9ess exclusively1 & w\ld s5d a woman 9 a cab to any address2 & !re 7 high-class assignation-h\ses1 :i* furni%$ exquisite ap>tm5ts & ! s]vices ( maids & valets4 ,& 9 ?is _w ( vice ! mod]n doctr9e ( ! equality ( ! sexes 0 fully recogniz$2 !re 7 gambl+-h\ses & pool-rooms & opium-jo9ts = wom51 & dr9k+-places :i* cat]$ especially to !m4 ,9 ! #8orange room' ( "o ( ! big hotels1 y might see ri* wom5 ( e rank & type1 f+]+ ! da9ty lea!r-b\nd & gold-emboss$ w9e c>ds4 ,9 ?is room alone 7 sold ov] t5 ?\s& dr9ks e day2 & ! hotel paid a r5tal ( a million a ye> to ! ,devon e/ate4 ,n f> away ! ,devons also own$ negro-dives1 :]e1 9 ! e>ly h\rs ( ! morn+1 y might see ri*ly g[n$ :ite wom5 dr9k+4 8,montague 0 told by a c]ta9 capta9 ( police a t]rible /ory ab\t ! wife ( our v greate/ railroad magnate1 :o liv$ 9 a colossal m>ble palace on ,fif? ,av5ue4 ,z soon z %e p]ceiv$ t h] husb& 0 asleep1 %e w\ld put on a yell[ wig z a disguise1 & we>+ an ov]coat :i* %e kept = ?is purpose1 %e w\ld quit ! palace on foot1 ) only a s+le att5dant4 ,%e w\ld ent] "o ( ! bro!ls 9 ! #8,t5d]lo91' :]e %e _h a room set ap>t = h]self4 ,!re %e took h] /&1 ) nak$ brea/s & gild$ nipples1 be>+ ! "n ( ,zaza1 & display+ ! p]son ( ! "m ( "o ( our mo/ magnific5t "y lords ( society & f9ance4 ,%e w\ld receive all com]s ) c>esses1 & :5 ! madame dismiss$ h] cu/om]s1 %e w\ld take h] leave sadly1 l+]+1 & be+ ! la/ to close ! door ( h] room4 ,/ill unsatisfi$ 9 h] desires1 %e w\ld retire ) h] sulli$ *eeks1 be>+ back ! odors ( ! bro!l to ! pill[ ( h] mighty railroad magnate4 ,& %all ,i speak ( ! love-*>ms--0 8,mo/ emphatically y %all n60 cries ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8,i ?9k we've _h en\gh ( #8,! ,metropolis' & ,i won't he> ( its be+ reproduc$ 9 ?is new book4 ,x's y\r crude/ ,sociali/ propag&a--0 8,y're q sure x's propag&a80 says ,ogi4 8,( c\rse4 ,:o w\ld "q t80 8,well !n1 ,i've prov$ "o po9t60 says ! o!r4 8,i don't und]/&40 8,i h made y ! victim ( a mean little trick4 ,ea* ( ^? passages />ts out z #8,! ,metropolis'2 b !n x slides into ,juv5al--! six? satire1 deal+ ) ! ladies ( anci5t ,rome4 ,! po9t ( my joke is t y w h to consult ! books 9 ord] to be sure :i* is ,juv5al & :i* is me4 ,( c\rse ,i've _h to *ange names & phrases1 replac+ ,roman ?+s ) ,new ,york ?+s4 ,& ,i've _h to tone ,juv5al d[n1 because !re are "s ( 8 phrases ,i c\ldn't reproduce--0 8,!re are "s y h tri$ to reproduce1 & t y're go+ to cut out10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 ,& z always1 %e has h] way1 & s x is a ,b[dl]iz$ ,juv5al y h be5 read+6 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,am]ican ,,empire 8,y _h y\r fun out ( t10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,b ( c\rse ,i c't judge2 somebody :o kn[s ab\t ,rome may come along & %[ t x's all nons5se40 8,^? :o "k ab\t ,rome10 says ,ogi1 8don't always "k ab\t capitali/ ,am]ica4 ,!re has nev] be5 su* a p>allel ( two civilizations 9 all hi/ory4 ,i c\ld write1 q lit]ally1 a :ole book ( my/ifications--quot+ ,am]ican poets & /atesm5 & j\rnali/s1 & mix+ 9 passages f ! same k9d ( p 9 ,rome1 & unless y knew ! diff]5t passages y c\ldn't tell :i* 0 :i*40 8,we /ill h our republic1 h we n80 8,9 e presid5tial election = ! pa/ fifty ye>s t c&idate has won :o has _h ! campaign-funds2 & he has _h ! campaign-funds because he 0 ! c&idate ( ! plutocracy4 ,"r n[ we are at ! critical mom5t--! age ( ! ,grac*i4 ,we are try+ to r\se ! p to action2 & :e!r we succe$1 or :e!r we are go+ to be slaught]$1 z our indu/rial ma/]s desire & int5d--0 ,mrs4 ,ogi's h& tight5s ^u h] husb&'s arm4 ,%e nev] has ?is ?\ght out ( m9d2 & :5ev] 9 ! midnight h\rs a cat or dog sets foot ^u ! por* ( h] home1 %e leaps up1 expect+ to see a company ( bank]s & m]*ants1 clad 9 _! new uni=m ( :ite night-%irts & hoods4 ,our ari/ocratic p>ty has :at x calls ! 8,bett] ,roman ,f$]ation10 & collects li/s ( ! proscrib$1 & issues secret bullet9s to its mobb+ p>ties4 ,la/ week1 d[n at ,brundisium1 our naval h>bor1 _! subsidiz$ mob raid$ a meet+ ( wage slaves1 beat "s ( !m ins5sible ) clubs1 ?rew a little girl into a great receptacle ( boil+ c(fee1 scald+ h] almo/ to dea?1 & dragg$ six m5 (f into ! woods & t>r$ & fea!r$ !m4 8,:at d y really ?9k is com+80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,!re are two factors 9 mod]n civilization t did n exi/ 9 ,rome4 ,fir/ !re is ! pr9t+ press1 a means ( spread+ in=mation4 ,s f> z ! ma/] class c control x1 x is a ma*9e = debau*+ ! race m9d2 b 9 spite ( ev]y?+ ! ma/]s c d1 ! work]s get presses ( _! own1 & s get in=mation :i* 0 d5i$ ! slaves ( ,rome40 8,& ! o!r factor80 8,! labor movem5t4 ,9 ,rome !re 7 "s labor unions1 b !y 7 weak & ! slaves 7 an unorganiz$ mob2 :5 !y revolt$1 z !y did aga9 & aga91 !y 7 slaught]$ :olesale4 ,b ! mod]n labor movem5t goes on gr[+2 x tra9s its memb]s1 & gives !m s\nd ideas4 ,s1 out ( ! f9al /ruggle we may h1 n ano!r empire1 & ano!r collapse ( civilization1 b ! co-op]ative commonweal? ( our dreams40 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is outright prea*+2 b x happ5s t ,mrs4 ,ogi has j receiv$ a lett] ab\t ! *ild :o 0 ?r[n into ! scald+ c(fee1 s h] husb& gets 8 way = once4 ,besides1 z he expla9s1 !re is no?+ m to be said ab\t ,roman art1 because !re is no m ,roman art4 ,! plutocracy ( ! empire _h br\ght !mselves to a /ate :]e !y 7 incapable ( su/a9$ ?9k+ or ef=t ( any sort4 ,! b>b>ian hordes1 :i* _h be5 besieg+ ! fronti]s1 broke ?r\gh & ov]:elm$ ! ,roman empire1 & s came :at hi/ory kn[s z ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,:5 ,i 0 a lad1 my ,ca?olic tea*]s expla9$ to me t ^! ages 7 call$ d>k1 n because !y _h no culture1 b because we 7 s un=tunate z n to "k ab\t x4 ,i 0 n able to answ] ! ,ca?olic g5tlem5 9 ^? days1 b ,i c answ] !m n[4 ,:5 gr\ps ( human be+s k9dle ! preci\s light ( ! intellect1 !y make x into a tor* & pass x on to po/]ity4 ,t is always _! fir/ impulse2 & s we may be sure t if an age _h no art1 x 0 a d>k age4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,revolution ,x took sev]al c5turies = ! peoples ( ,europe to lift !mselves out ( b>b>ism & *aos4 ,!n we f9d a new art develop+1 an altoge!r diff]5t art1 built ^u ,babylonian & ,hebrew f\ndations1 in/ead ( ,greek & ,roman4 ,x meant an ov]?r[+ ( /&>ds1 & a sett+-up ( new values--a prec$5t ( enorm\s importance to social revolutioni/s4 ,:at exactly 0 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,pagan & ,*ri/ian art8 ,! ,greeks said3 ,! human body is ! mo/ beautiful ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,to :i* ! ,*ri/ians repli$3 ,all fle% is grass4 ,! ,greeks said3 ,because ! body is beautiful1 we immortalize x 9 /atues4 ,! ,*ri/ians repli$3 ,we are iconocla/s--t is to say1 break]s ( m>ble idols4 ,! ,romans said3 ,mat]ial weal? is ! basis ( individual & national safety4 ,! ,*ri/ians repli$3 ,:at %all x pr(it a man if he ga9 ! :ole _w & lose 8 own s\l8 ,^! ,*ri/ian say+s meant t mank9d _h discov]$ new satisfactions1 replac+1 = a "t at any rate1 ! cu/om>y ones ( physical pleasure & dom9ation ov] o!rs4 ,^! new joys came f inside ! self1 & requir$ a new ^w1 spiritual4 ,to ! arti/ 0 set ! task ( mak+ ^! inn] qualities appreh5sible1 & = ?is he _h to h a new te*nique4 ,:]e ! ,greeks _h c>v$ ! body graceful1 ! ,*ri/ians c>v$ x ) t ugl9ess :i* results f ! ascetic life4 ,:]e ! ,romans _h repres5t$ _! great m5 muscul> & mighty1 ! ,*ri/ians repres5t$ !m frail & sickly4 ,! ,*ri/ians revel$ 9 w\nds1 disease & de=mity1 tak+ a p]v]se pleasure 9 defy+ old /&>ds--a process kn[n to ! psy*ologi/ z 8ov]-correction40 ,! two favorite !mes ( ,*ri/ian art became a man-god :o accept$ all suff]+ & humiliation1 & a woman-god :o all[$ ! err+ s\l an unlimit$ numb] ( new opportunities4 ,because ?is new art 0 try+ s (t5 to express ! inexpressible1 x 0 driv5 to symbolism4 ,! pa9t]s & sculptors inv5t$ outw>d & visible signs ( ! inw>d & spiritual graces3 ! cross1 ! cr[n ( ?orns1 ! sacrificial lamb4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y w\ld h a he>t ( radiant fire1 ) p]haps a :ite dove p]*$ on top ( x4 ,! sa9ts & m>tyrs wore halos ( light ab\t _! heads1 s z n to be mi/ak5 = ord9>y begg>s1 or = pati5ts 9 ! la/ /ages ( tub]culosis4 ,"o %\ld h>dly ne$ to /ate t all ?is art 0 propag&a2 x 0 p]mitt$ on t basis alone4 ,! significance ( all ?is to social revolutioni/s lies 9 ! fact t !y also plan an art revolution4 ,:at ! ,*ri/ians did to ,pagan art1 ! ,sociali/s n[ seek to d to b\rgeois art2 metaphorically speak+1 to sma% ! idols & burn ! temples d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( individual & class aggr&izem5t1 & to set up new art /&>ds1 bas$ on ! abolition ( classes1 & ! ass]tion ( bro!rhood & solid>ity4 ,j z ! /one :i* 0 reject$ ( ! ,pagan build]s became ! corn]/one ( ! ,*ri/ian temple1 s ^? ?+s :i* are despis$ & reject$ ( plutocratic snobb]y w become ! glory ( revolution>y art2 ! v phrases ( contempt w become battle-cries--! great unwa%$1 ! vulg> h]d1 ! common man4 ,! revolution>y arti/1 clasp+ ! toil+ masses to 8 bosom-- 8,ov]-correction80 sugge/s ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,p>tly t2 b also ! long+ = solid>ity1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! p]sonality ?r\gh mass feel+40 8,b beauty came back into art10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,yes1 & t is an int]e/+ /ory2 a drama ( ! conflict betwe5 ,god & ,mammon1 & ! triumph ( :at ,i am call+ ,mammon>t4 ,i h pond]$ a title = ! drama--some?+ l ?is3 ,*ri/ianity z a ,social ,success2 or ! admission ( ! ,m>tyr to ! ,f\r ,hundr$60 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,! ,,ins ,,& ,,! ,,outs ,!re are two types ( human temp]am5t & attitude :i* manife/ !mselves 9 ! _w's art product3 ! ,art ( ,beauty & ! ,art ( ,p[]4 ,! ,art ( ,beauty is produc$ by rul+ classes :5 !y are e/abli%$ & safe1 & wi% to be ent]ta9$1 & to h _! homes & surr\nd+s set ap>t f ! common mass4 ,i d n mean t simple & primitive p d n produce beauty ( a nave sort2 b = su* art to develop & mature1 x mu/ be tak5 up by ! privileg$ classes1 patroniz+ & enc\rag+ ! arti/1 & mak+ 8 "w a =m ( class di/9ction4 ,! fact t ! m5 :o produce ?is art h come f ! p is a fact ( no significance2 = ! rul+ classes take :at !y want :]e !y f9d x1 & %ape x to _! own class ends4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,art ( ,beauty1 :e!r 9 pa9t+1 or sculpture1 or music1 or words1 or actions1 are ^? ( re/ & s]5ity1 pleasure 9 ?+s z !y actually exi/2 also cl>ity ( =m--because ! leisure-class arti/ has "t to /udy te*nique1 & kn[s :at he wants to d4 ,9 e human society !re is "o gr\p :i* controls1 & ano!r :i* /ruggles = control2 ! 8ins0 v]sus ! 8outs10 ! 8haves0 v]sus ! 8h-nots40 ,9 e well-develop$ civilization ?is latt] class w be /rong en\gh to h its art1 :i* is apt to be crude & in/9ctive1 full ( surg+1 half-express$ & half-realiz$ emotion4 ,su* art lays /ress ^u sub/ance1 r ?an =m2 x aims1 or at any rate t5ds1 to ar\se to action2 & s we call x ! ,art ( ,p[]4 ,?is is ! art :i* is g5]ally describ$ z 8propag&a0 by e/abli%$ criticism2 ! di/9ction be+1 z we h previ\sly expla9$1 itself a piece ( propag&a4 ,! ,art ( ,beauty is equally propag&a2 x is ! gas-b>rage ( ! 8haves10 & ! ess5ce ( its deadl9ess lies 9 ! fact t x looks s little l a weapon4 ,b to me x seems cle> en\gh t :5 a leisure-class arti/ portrays ! graces & ref9em5ts ( ! civilization :i* ma9ta9s him1 :5 he pa9ts ! noble features1 & quotes ! imag9>y gold5 words ( rul+-class ladies & g5tlem51 he is do+ ! be/ he kn[s h[ to protect ^? :o give him a liv+4 ,nor is he1 z a rule1 )\t "s aw>5ess ( ! h>% & r\gh & dang]\s =ces :i* surr\nd him1 besieg+ ! ivory t[]1 or ! temple1 or ! sacr$ grove1 or :]ev] x is t he keeps 8 work+ tools4 ,b ev5 :]e ! arti/ is in/9ctive & nave1 ! class :i* employs him kn[s :at he is do+2 x kn[s :at is 8safe & sane10 & 8( s\nd t5d5cy02 x approves ( su* art1 & pays its money to ma9ta9 su* art4 ,unless ! society is /agnant1 l ,*9a1 its social life is m>k$ by *anges ( p[]4 ,! revolution>y classes succe$1 & replace ! old rul]s2 :]eupon we note at once a *ange 9 _! art4 ,^? :o 7 dissatisfi$ n[ f9d peace2 ^? ^: emotions ov]:elm$ !m n[ f9d !mselves able to ord] _! ?\ghts2 ^? :o 7 int]e/$ 9 :at !y _h to say n[ a*ieve triumphs ( te*nique2 9 %ort1 ^? :o 7 produc+ an ,art ( ,p[] n[ beg9 to produce an ,art ( ,beauty4 ,& s we are 9 position to und]/& :at happ5$ to ,*ri/ian art1 :5 ! m>tyrs & ! sa9ts broke into 8good society40 ,! ,roman ,empire fell ab\t five hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/1 & = ano!r five hundr$ ye>s ! ,italian p59sula 0 a battle-gr\nd ( invad+ b>b>ian hordes4 ,:5 f9ally ?+s settl$ d[n1 ! l& 0 held by a great numb] ( feudal pr9ces & plund]+ gr\ps1 hav+ _! lairs 9 ca/les & wall$ cities4 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! (ficial religion1 & abbots & bi%ops & popes 7 robb] *iefs comm&+ armies4 ,9 betwe5 _! milit>y campaigns !y took _! pleasures l o!r pr9ces2 & among _! pleasures 7 ^? ( art4 ,! inn] emotions :i* ,*ri/ianity cultivat$ 7 free to ^? :o s\ght !m 9 monks' cells & h]mits' caves1 b !y c\ld n be pur*as$ nor r5t$ out1 & !y wilt$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( palaces & c\rts4 ,s gradually we f9d ,italian religi\s art und]go+ a *ange4 ,! sa9ts become g5tlem5 ( ref9em5t we>+ s*ol>s' robes2 ,jesus becomes a heav5ly pr9ce1 9 spotless l95 g>m5ts & a gold5 cr[n1 ca/+ b5evol5t looks ^u ! cl]gy2 ! ,virg9 ,m>y becomes ! favorite mi/ress ( a duke or abbot or pope--or p]haps ! pa9t]'s own mi/ress4 ,?is latt] arrangem5t is common1 = bus9ess reasons easy to und]/&4 ,! lady is at h&1 & has no?+ to d :ile ! pa9t] is pa9t+2 he gets ! s]vice ( a model free1 he flatt]s 8 lady love's vanity1 & at ! same "t he keeps h] safe f o!r pa9t]s4 ,s ! poison ( luxury creeps into :at is suppos$ to be religi\s art2 & we see ! symbols ( m>tyrdom & holy sacrifice employ$ to glorify ! vanities & cloak ! vices ( ! pr$atory classes4 ,b ! s\l ( man nev] dies2 x goes on /ruggl+ = ju/ice & bro!rhood1 9 spite ( all betrayal & p]secution4 ,s inside ! *ur* & outside comes a long l9e ( h]oic s\ls1 fight+ to re/ore ! primitive simplicity & hone/y ( ! fai?4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 ! 8ins0 & ! 8outs10 ! 8haves0 & ! 8h-nots10 takes ! =m ( h]esy & s*ism1 ( m5dicant & prea*+ ord]s & ,prote/ant sects4 ,"y & obscure s]vants ( ,god arise1 d5\nc+ ! corruption ( ! *ur* ma*9e4 ,"s retire to mona/]ies1 spurn+ ! wick$ _w2 o!rs take lit]ally ! words ( ,jesus1 & g out ^u ! road )\t scrip or cloak1 prea*+ to :oev] w he> !m1 & liv+ on *>ity4 ,!y are d5\nc$ & excommunicat$1 _! foll[]s are slaught]$ by ! t5s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s2 b ! movem5t p]si/s1 & :5 ! lead]s die !y are canoniz$1 & become 9 _! turn !mes = arti/s--to be 8idealiz$10 & dress$ 9 spotless raim5t1 & made fit = /a9$ glass w9d[s & ! art gall]ies ( prelates & pr9ces4 ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 putt+ on begg>'s clo?+ & be+ publicly dis9h]it$ by 8 fa!r2 ,savon>ola 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 p]suad+ ! ri* to ?r[ _! jewels into ! flames1 & be+ publicly hang$ 9 ,flor5ce2 ,m>t9 ,lu!r 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 prea*+ aga9/ ! sale ( indulg5ces & nail+ 8 !ses to ! *ur* door2 ,george ,fox 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 cry+ out aga9/ prie/ly corruption 9 ! /reets1 & jail$ "t aft] "t2 ,bi%op ,br[n 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury1 kick$ out ( ! ,episcopal *ur* = repudiat+ dogma & def5d+ ,communism--su* are ! figures :i* h kept ! ,*ri/ian religion alive1 & su* are ! !mes ( vital religi\s art4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,! ,,heav5 ,,( ,,elegance ,x 0 9 ,italy fir/ t ! language ( ! p became ! language ( culture1 replac+ ,lat92 & ! two greate/ writ]s ( ?is age af=d u an int]e/+ contra/ betwe5 ! ,art ( ,beauty & ! ,art ( ,p[]4 ,! favorite rul+-class poet & noveli/ ( m$ieval ,italy 0 ! illegitimate son ( a m]*ant1 :o 0 recogniz$ by 8 fa!r & giv5 ! be/ education ( 8 "t4 ,he *ose z 8 mi/ress ! natural daught] ( a k+2 ) ?is m>ri$ lady he c>ri$ on an intrigue = _m ye>s1 & wrote to h] long epic poems ab\t ,greek h]oes1 weav+ into ! poems elaborate acro/ics & secret codes4 ,! fir/ lett]s ( ! l9ts1 tak5 accord+ to c]ta9 num]ical sy/ems1 made ?ree o!r sep>ate poems2 o!r lett]s1 *os5 accord+ to o!r sy/ems1 spell$ ! names ( o!r lady loves4 ,9 su* ways ! skillful arti/s ( ! ,italian c\rts 7 accu/om$ to beguile _! leisure1 wrung f ! toil ( a wret*$ enslav$ peasantry4 ,?is poet rose to fame1 & became ! d>l+ ( ! rul+ classes4 ,he 0 s5t z an ambassador on v>i\s important missions to popes & pr9ces2 he became ! favorite ( a que51 & did n reject h] favor ev5 :5 %e turn$ into a murd]ess4 ,he le>n$ to write beautiful ,italian prose1 a great s]vice to 8 c\ntry4 ,he us$ 8 skill to compose a collection ( %ort /ories deal+ ) ! soj\rn 9 a c\ntry villa ( a numb] ( ,italian ladies & g5tlem5 ( weal? & *>m1 ! occasion be+ an outbreak ( ! plague 9 ,flor5ce4 ,^! ladies & g5tlem5 did n feel impell$ by _! religion to nurse ! suff]+2 !y 7 ( too great importance to be risk$ 9 su* crude fa%ion1 s !y retir$1 & pass$ _! "t li/5+ to *>m+ly n>rat$ tales ( sexual promiscuity4 ,i d n mean to imply t !re is no?+ b smut 9 ! 8,decam]on0 ( ,boccaccio4 ,we %all f9d x a rule ?r\gh\t hi/ory t leisure-class ladies & g5tlem5 d n sp5d _! entire "t 9 try+ new sexual comb9ations4 ,!y h to eat1 & s _! arti/s give u delightful1 appetiz+ acc\nts ( banquets4 ,!y h to dr9k1 & s _! arti/s give u an entire lore ( intoxicat+ liquors4 ,!y h to cov] _! nak$ness1 s we h a complicat$ art ( dress1 a mass ( subtlety con/antly *ang+1 & af=d+ traps to cat* ! feet ( ! unw>y1 s t ! sacr$ inn] circles may be protect$ f ^? individuals :o h disgrac$ !mselves by do+ useful "w1 or by hav+ p>5ts or gr&p>5ts :o did useful "w4 ,also1 ! ladies & g5tlem5 h palaces to live 91 & c\ntry e/ates to :i* !y may flee f pe/il5ce1 fam9e & w>2 s we h ! art ( ar*itecture4 ,because ^! homes h walls :i* mu/ be decorat$1 we h ! art ( pa9t+2 & s on ?r\gh a long li/ ( cultural accompli%m5ts4 ,moreov]1 n all ladies & g5tlem5 h be5 able to exclude ! natural human emotions f _! he>ts2 s 9 leisure-class art we h s5tim5ts & s5tim5talities4 ,we l to be sorry = ! poor1 provid$ !y are 8wor?y02 s we h 8idylls0 & o!r sad1 sweet tales4 ,:5 we are sick ) ennui1 we l to imag9e go+ back to ! c\ntry2 s we h a long l9e ( 8return to nature0 arts--eclogues & bucolics & pa/orals1 ) beautiful %eph]ds & %eph]desses danc+ on ! gre51 & c\ntry lads & lasses giv+ t\*+ly qua9t imitations ( ! mann]s ( _! bett]s4 ,also we h 9 ?is leisure-class _w ve/igial traces ( ! s5se ( duty4 ,we take ?is s5se & ref9e x or exagg]ate x1 mak+ x into some?+ fanta/ic1 /imulat+ to jad$ ta/es4 ,s we f9d 9 ,boccaccio ! fam\s /ory ( ! 8pati5t ,griselda10 a leisure-class model ( wifely fidelity & humility4 ,%e is m>ri$ to a mon/]1 :o subjects h] to e indignity ! p]v]t$ imag9ation c conceive2 b %e endures all ?+s1 & cont9ues to be 8 pati5t & devot$ slave1 & 9 ! end %e conqu]s h] torm5tor1 & br+s ab\t ! necess>y happy end+4 ,! leg5d ( ?is mo/ conv5i5t lady repres5ts a popul> =m ( mascul9e wi%-fulfillm5t4 ,giovanni ,boccaccio di$ 9 ripe old age1 & ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* took cognizance ( 8 popul>ity among ! ,italian p by prep>+ an expurgat$ & au?oriz$ edition ( 8 8,decam]on40 ,f ?is edition !y omitt$ no ^w ( ! obsc5ities1 b !y *ang$ ea* ( ! /ories s t :]ev] ,boccaccio describ$ indec5cies committ$ by prie/s & monks & holy popes1 ! said indec5cies 7 transf]r$ to laym56 ,! tales ( ?is d>l+ ( ! ,italian leisure class rema9 today "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( books1 :i* e dirty old boy keeps hidd5 9 8 trunk1 & e dirty "y boy reads "u 8 desk :ile ! pr(essor ( moral philosophy is lectur+ on ! social responsibilities ( great weal?4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,! ,,muckrak]',s ,,hell ,n[ by way ( contra/ we take ! ,italian poet ( revolt & moral indignation4 ,we h only to look at ! pictures ( ?is man to see t he is a crusad]2 a lean1 hawk-l face1 /]n1 bitt]1 l9$ ) suff]+2 8! m\rnfule/ face10 says ,c>lyle1 8t ev] 0 pa9t$ f reality2 an altoge!r tragic1 he>t-affect+ face40 ,!re has nev] be5 a _w poet s delib]ately e?ical1 preoccupi$ ) moral problems1 & us+ 8 art z a means ( tea*+ mank9d :at he believ$ to be s\nd ideas ab\t conduct4 ,dante ,alighi]i 0 born to com=table circum/ances 9 ,flor5ce2 he _h ! education ( a s*ol>1 & might h liv$ a life ( lit]>y ease4 ,in/ead1 he *ose to take "p 9 ! tumultu\s & dang]\s politics ( 8 city1 becom+ "o ( ! lead]s ( ! republican p>ty4 ,:5 ! =ces ( ! pope conqu]$ ,italy1 he fl$ = 8 life1 & a s5t5ce ( exile 0 pron\nc$ ^u him4 ,?is exile 0 a cruel h>d%ip2 he describes himself z 8a pilgrim1 almo/ a begg>1 display+ aga9/ my w ! w\nds ( =tune4444 ,truly h ,i be5 a vessel )\t sail & )\t rudd]1 borne to div]s ports & %ores & hav5s by ! dry w9d t bl[s f dolor\s pov]ty40 ,yet he nev] wav]$ 9 8 convictions2 on ! contr>y1 by 8 writ+s he br\ght ^u himself a confirmation ( ! decree ( exile1 & an exile he di$4 ,we %all n g into ! details ( m$ieval politics1 ! complicat$ wrangl+s among v>i\s cities & pr9cipalities1 ! w>r+ factions 9 ea*1 plus ! p>tisans ( papal dom9ion & ^? ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire4 ,suffice x "h to po9t out t "o ( ! greate/ _w poets 0 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 life a politician1 & took a vigor\s "p 9 ! practical affairs ( 8 "t1 fight+ 8 enemies h>d1 hat+ !m implacably1 & n hesitat+ to use 8 lit]>y art to puni% !m 9 a future _w4 ,:5 ,dante goes d[n into hell he enc\nt]s 9 ! l[e/ pits ( torm5t v>i\s ,flor5t9e politicians1 :o h betray$ & debau*$ 8 city4 ,h[ he reg>ds !m may be judg$ by ! case ( ,bocca degli ,abbati1 a g5tleman :o is f\nd lock$ helpless up to 8 neck 9 ice2 ! poet grabs 8 hair & te>s x out by ! h&ful6 ,! quality :i* ,dante especially loa!d 0 gre$1 8cupiditia40 ,he rag$ at ! *ur* ( 8 "t1 because x _h accept$ ! 8fatal gift0 f ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e--! temporal possessions :i* made ! popes into worldly pot5tates1 intrigu]s & heads ( armies4 ,! two popes ( 8 own "t ,dante flung into hell1 & portray$ heav5 itself z r$d5+ ) ang] at _! de$s4 ,/4 ,pet] decl>es t ea* ( !m 8has ( my cemet]y made a sew] ( blood & fil?40 ,?is is pla9 muck-rak+2 & h[ undignifi$ & unlit]>y x mu/ h seem$ to ! cultur$ prelates ( ! f\rte5? c5tury6 ,x seems t way to mod]n critics also4 ,alb]t ,mordell has publi%$ a book entitl$ 8,dante & ,o!r ,wan+ ,classics10 9 :i* he argues t ! 8,div9e ,com$y0 is ugly1 z well z out ( date1 ) its elaborate symbolism d]iv$ f *ur* leg5d1 & f ,greek & ,lat9 my?ology1 comb9$ & complicat$ by s*ola/ic subtlety4 ,mr4 ,mordell is "o ( ^? :o ?9k t art ought n to prea*2 & c]ta9ly ,dante does n %irk ?is issue--he tells u 9 pla9 words3 8,! k9d ( philosophy "u :i* we proce$ 9 ! :ole & 9 ! "p is moral philosophy or e?ics2 because ! :ole 0 und]tak5 n = speculation b = use40 ,:at are ! moral problems :i* occupi$ ! s\l ( ,dante1 & h ^! problems any int]e/ = u8 ,!re are two :i* ,i believe w always conc]n mank9d4 ,fir/1 ! problem ( div9e ju/ice4 ,h[ does x happ5 t ! wick$ fl\ri%8 ,h[ %all we expla9 _! p[] to oppress ! innoc5t8 ,if ,god has p[] to prev5t x1 :y does ,he n use t p[]8 ,dante travel$ to ! dep?s ( hell & asc5d$ ?r\gh purgatory to heav51 seek+ answ]s to ^! que/ions4 ,our only advantage ov] him is t we d n ev5 ?9k we c answ]4 ,! second great problem is t ( love4 ,! ,*ri/ian revolution _h br\ght ) x a new attitude t[>d womanhood4 ,mank9d made ! discov]y ( :at ! psy*o-analy/s call ! sublimation ( sex1 t gratification )held acts z a /imulus to all ! psy*ic be+4 ,s ! simple naturalism ( ! ,greeks 0 replac$ by ! romanticism ( ! ,middle ,ages2 & ,dante's :ole be+1 8 total art product1 0 illum9at$ by ! vision ( a great & wond]ful love1 :i* began by a *ance meet+ ) a n9e-ye>-old girl1 & cont9u$ )\t physical expression ?r\gh ! poet's :ole life4 ,no /ud5t ( ! sci5ce ( sex today w\ld accept ,dante's attitude z s\nd or s5sible2 nev]!less1 we are /irr$ by 8 exaltation ( ! ideal woman1 & ! ,beatific ,vision :i* %e br+s to 8 s\l4 ,9 ,dante's pilgrimage ?r\gh hell he accept$ ! lead]%ip ( ,virgil4 ,?is 0 because he honor$ 9 ! ,roman poet ^? factors we h /ress$--! moral e>ne/ness1 ! ef=t ( a l(ty s\l to rescue a civilization4 ,9 ,dante's "t ! cultur$ _w 0 j mak+ ! discov]y ( ,greek & ,roman art1 & 0 all a-?rill ) ! wond] ( a pa/ age1 rescu$ aft] a ?\s& ye>s3 ! ,r5aissance1 or re-bir?1 we call x4 ,we may und]/& h[ x 0 by recall+ our own excitem5t ov] ! tomb ( ,k+ ,tutankham54 ,let u suppose t 9 t tomb _h be5 f\nd ,egyptian lit]>y ma/]pieces1 :i* reveal$ ! exi/5ce ( a ,sociali/ civilization 9 anci5t ,egypt4 ,!re 0 a mighty k+ :o _h be5 j to ! poor1 :o _h aboli%$ exploitation by ! l&lords1 & _h kept ! peace ) o!r nations4 ,a ,sociali/ poet ( our day1 wi%+ to satirize ! 8w> = democracy0 by locat+ its lead]s 9 hell1 w\ld take ?is anci5t ,egyptian k+ = a guide1 & w\ld ex*ange frat]nal greet+s ) 8 royal comrade1 & discuss ) him political conditions bo? 9 anci5t ,egypt & 9 mod]n ,am]ica4 ,& 9 ! ne!rmo/ pits ! poet w\ld meet ,lloyd ,george & ,clem5ceau & ,woodr[ ,wilson1 toge!r ) ! r[dies & bullies :om ^! /atesm5 turn$ loose ^u mank9d4 ,attorney-,g5]al ,palm]1 = example1 w\ld be repres5t$ z a devil ) a long b>b$ tail2 ! poet w\ld seize ?is tail & twi/ x1 & ! attorney-g5]al w\ld h[l & %riek1 & a radical audi5ce w\ld be delight$4 ,b respectable critics w\ld turn up _! noses1 say+ t ( c\rse no "o w\ld take su* a ?+ = art2 x 0 ! mo/ obvi\s soap-box propag&a4 ,s ! cultur$ ,r5aissance critics look$ ^u ,dante z a crude & 8popul>0 p]son2 ! highly cultur$ ,bi%op della ,casa spoke patroniz+ly conc]n+ 8! ru/ic homel9ess ( 8 language & /yle1 8 lack ( decorum & grace40 ,if space p]mitt$ ,i c\ld %[ y t e truly vital arti/ :o has ev] liv$ has be5 ?us dealt ) by ! academic critics ( 8 own "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,! ,,pi\s ,,poison]s ,! ,italian pr9ces 7 no m influ5c$ by ! moral au/]ity ( ,dante ?an ! ,roman rul+ class _h be5 by ,virgil4 ,m$ieval ,italy travel$ ! same road z imp]ial ,rome1 & two c5turies aft] ,dante we f9d ! vic>s ( ,god on e>? reproduc+ ! wor/ crimes ( ! ,n]os & ,caligulas4 ,alex&] ,,vi1 ! ,borgia pope1 pur*as$ 8 high (fice1 & !n set to "w to plund] ! cities ( ,italy & h>ry ! :ole p59sula ) w>4 ,among 8 *ildr5 by 8 num]\s mi/resses 0 ,ces>e ,borgia1 :o became ! comm&] ( ! papal armies1 & slaught]$ & poison$ all :o /ood 9 8 way1 includ+ 8 own bro!r4 ,return+ f 8 w>s1 he w\ld amuse himself by us+ 8 prison]s ( w> z t>gets = ar*]y practice 9 ! c\rty>d ( ! ,vatican4 ,9 ! end ,ces>e di$ ( w\nds1 ,alex&] di$ by poison1 & 8 daught] ,lucrezia poison$ h] own son & !n h]self4 ,"h 0 an ideal environm5t = ! developm5t ( leisure-class art4 ,^! popes & pr9ces built !mselves magnific5t palaces1 & z a measure ( s\l-insurance !y built ca!drals & *ur*es4 ,!y 7 will+ to sp5d =tunes ^u fam\s arti/s2 & ! arti/s1 ne$less to say1 7 will+ to take ! money4 ,br[n+ has a poem1 8,! ,bi%op ,ord]s ,8 ,tomb at ,/4 ,prax$'s ,*ur*10 a vivid picture ( ! attitude ( m9d ( ^! pi\s poison]s & arti/ic assass9s4 ,! bi%op lies ^u 8 c\* dy+1 & 8 sons1 politely kn[n z 8nephews10 ga!r ab\t him to he> 8 vision ( a tomb :i* is to pres]ve 8 memory & br+ peace to 8 s\l4 ,he describes ! treasures ( beauty :i* are to g ^u ! tomb-- ,"o block1 pure gre5 z a pi/a*io-nut1 ,!re's pl5ty jasp] some:]e 9 ! _w-- ,& h ,i n ,/4 ,prax$'s e> to pray ,horses = ye1 & br[n ,greek manuscripts1 ,& mi/resses ) great smoo? m>bly limbs8 ,! pi\s s\l goes on to specify 8 epitaph2 x mu/ be 8*oice ,lat91 pick$ phrase10 f ,cic]o4 ,hav+ got ?is-- ,& !n h[ ,i %all lie ?r\gh c5turies1 ,& he> ! bless$ mutt] ( ! mass1 ,& see ,god made & eat5 all day long1 ,& feel ! /eady c&le-flame1 & ta/e ,good /rong ?ick /upefy+ inc5se-smoke6 ,! true 8art = art's sake0 attitude1 y p]ceive2 & "u ! patronage ( su* e/hetic prelates1 ! poets & musicians1 ! pa9t]s & sculptors fl\ri%$ 9 sixte5? c5tury ,italy4 ,among ^? :o 7 employ$ by ! poison] pope1 ,alex&] ,,vi1 0 a y\?ful pa9t] ( extraord9>y ability1 ,raphael ,sanzio by "n4 ,?is pope 0 succe$$ by two o!rs1 :o conqu]$ _m cities = ! glory ( ,god1 & sp5t millions ( _! plund] ^u religi\s art4 ,s ?is "y pa9t] ( g5ius 0 float$ ?r\gh life ^u a flood ( gold ducats1 & ) 8 magic bru%es he turn$ ! blood & sweat & te>s ( ! peasantry ( ,italy into beautiful images ( s]5ely smil+ madonnas1 & enraptur$ sa9ts1 & ineffably graci\s ,jesuses4 ,raphael is rank$ by _m z ! greate/ pa9t] 9 hi/ory2 we /&1 !re=e1 )9 ! v holy ( holies1 be=e ! %r9e ( 8pure0 beauty1 & x w repay u to dig into ! roots ( 8 life1 & see f :at soil ?is preci\s fl[] gr[s4 ,he 0 ! son ( a c\rt pa9t]1 & 8 life 0 "o ( ease1 swift a*ievem5t1 & applause4 ,he 0 gift$ ) all ! graces ( body1 also a g5ial & w9n+ nature4 ,he /udi$ ! "w ( "o pa9t] aft] ano!r1 & acquir$ all ! p[]s ( ea*4 ,he became s fam\s t 8 life 0 8n t ( a pa9t]1 b ( a pr9ce40 ,ambassadors f ! weal?y & p[]ful besieg$ 8 doors1 & wait$ = mon?s 9 hope ( an int]view4 ,he w5t ab\t accompani$ by a b& ( m ?an fifty y\?s1 pupils & ador]s ( 8 art4 ,he _h "o weakness1 :i* 0 = ! ladies4 ,! popes & pr9ces :o *]i%$ him s\ght to put lov+ re/ra9t ^u him1 & plann$ weal?y m>riages = him1 b he c\ld n br+ himself to /oop to matrimony4 ,at ?is "t he 0 decorat+ ! palace ( a ,si5ese millionaire1 ,*igi1 own] ( %ips & ( salt & alum m9es ?r\gh\t ,italy2 ?is g5tleman1 discov]+ t ,raphael 0 s wrapp$ up 9 8 mi/ress t he 0 neglect+ ! palace decorations1 solv$ ! problem by a brilliant move--br++ ! mi/ress to live 9 ! palace6 ,9 ! end ?is d>l+ ( =tune di$ at ! age ( ?irty-sev51 ( a fev] br\ght on by self-indulg5ce4 ,8 ador+ biograph]1 ,vas>i1 tells u t :5 he knew 8 la/ h\r _h come1 he s5t away 8 mi/ress f 8 home1 8z a good ,*ri/ian %\ld10 & s pass$ on to decorate ! palaces ( heav54 ,:at 0 ! secret ( ,raphael's =tune8 ,! answ] is1 he pa9t$ ! rul+ class ( ,italy1 9 _! physical beauty & _! mat]ial luxury & spl5dor4 ,9 ord] to flatt] _! vanity1 he pa9t$ !m z all ! sa9ts & demigods ( ! ,ca?olic my?ology4 ,e trace ( asceticism is n[ gone out ( *ur* art2 ! ,*ri/ian g5tlem5 & mi/resses & virg9s & gods & sa9ts ( ,raphael & 8 contempor>ies are full-?roat$ & full-bosom$ & ruddy-*eek$ pictures ( prosp]ity2 _! ec/asies h nev] be5 p]mitt$ to int]f]e ) _! dige/ions4 ,! angel comes to ! ,virg9 ,m>y to br+ to h] ! sacr$ tid+s ( h] div9e pregnancy1 & f9ds h] seat$1 n 9 a c>p5t]'s hut1 b 9 a palace4 ,ev5 :5 ,jesus is crucifi$ & borne to ! sepul*re1 ! m\rn+ ladies h n =gott5 ! prop] arrangem5t ( _! hair & ! prop] co/umes = ! hi/oric occasion4 ,says ,vas>i3 8,our ,lady is se5 to be ins5sible1 & ! heads ( all ! weep+ figures are exce$+ly graceful40 ,ne$less to say1 ,raphael pa9t$ portraits ( all ! ,old ,m5 & ! ,wit* ,doctors ( 8 "t1 & he made !m magnific5t & ?rill+4 ,( ! portrait ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii1 valiant w>-mak]1 ,vas>i writes3 8,! picture impresses on all behold]s a s5se ( awe1 z if x 7 inde$ ! liv+ object40 ,lat] on came ano!r pope1 ,leo ,x1 :o 9 ord] to get ! millions necess>y = 8 family monum5ts1 & = ! art glories ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 />t$ a sale ( indulg5ces1 :i* br\ght ab\t ! *ur* revolt kn[n to u z ! ,re=mation4 ,8 portrait by ,raphael %[s a ,tammany politician ( ! b>-room type2 & ,vas>i tells u-- ,! velvet s(tness ( ! sk9 is r5d]$ ) ! utmo/ fidelity2 ! ve/m5ts 9 :i* ! ,pope is clo!d are also mo/ fai?fully depict$1 ! damask %9es ) a glossy lu/]2 ! furs :i* =m ! l9+s ( 8 robes are s(t & natural1 :ile ! gold & silk are copi$ 9 su* a mann] t !y d n seem to be pa9t$1 b really appe> to be silk & gold4 ,!re is also a book 9 p>*m5t decorat$ ) m9iatures1 a mo/ vivid imitation ( ! object repres5t$1 ) a silv] bell1 f9ely *as$1 ( :i* x w\ld n be possible adequately to describe ! beauty4 ,among o!r accessories1 !re is1 moreov]1 a ball ( burni%$ gold on ! seat ( ! ,pope1 & 9 ?is--su* is its cle>ness--! divisions ( ! opposite w9d[1 ! %\ld]s ( ! ,pope1 & ! walls ( ! room1 are fai?fully reflect$2 all ^! ?+s are execut$ ) s mu* c>e1 t ,i fully believe no ma/] ev] has done1 or ev] c d any?+ bett]4 ,a man :o c p]=m su* miracles = ! ri* & p[]ful c comm& 8 own price1 & is ma/] ( ev]y?+ except 8 own passions4 ,raphael's old uncle wrote1 begg+ him to return to 8 home t[n & take himself a respectable wife4 ,! "y pa9t]'s reply has come d[n to u4 8,if ,i _h done z y wi%$10 he says1 8,i %\ld n be :]e ,i am n[40 ,& he goes on to tell :]e he is-- ,at ! pres5t "t ,i h prop]ty 9 ,rome wor? ?ree ?\s& gold ducats1 & an income ( fifty gold cr[ns1 z 8 ,hol9ess gives me a sal>y ( ?ree hundr$ gold ducats = sup]9t5d+ ! fabric ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :i* w cont9ue z long z ,i live2 & ,i am sure to e>n m f o!r s\rces & am paid :atev] ,i *oose to ask = my "w4 ,& ,i h begun to pa9t ano!r room = 8 ,hol9ess :i* w br+ me "o ?\s& two hundr$ gold ducats1 s t y see1 my de>e/ uncle1 t ,i d honor to y & to all my family & to my c\ntry4444 ,:at city 9 ! _w c comp>e ) ,rome1 :at ent]prise is m wor?y ?an ?is ( ,pet]1 :i* is ! fir/ temple 9 ! _w8 ,& ^! are ! gr&e/ works :i* h ev] be5 se51 & w co/ m ?an a million 9 gold1 & ! ,pope has decid$ to sp5d sixty ?\s& ducats a ye> on ! fabric & c ?9k ( no?+ else4 ,:ile ,raphael 0 ?us fl\ri%+ & pr\d ( 8 _w1 a ,g]man monk by ! "n ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r 0 nail+ 8 condemnation ( ! papacy ^u ! door ( ! *ur* at ,witt5b]g4 ,b our pa9t]-pr9ce 0 s busy1 he _h s _m commissions to portray new popes & c>d9als1 new annunciations & transfigurations & illum9ations & immaculate conceptions1 t he probably nev] ev5 he>d ( ! b>b>ian rebel 9 ! f> ,nor?4 ,he rema9$ to ! end ! p]fect exempl> ( leisure-class art1 & is today ! d>l+ ( pi\s peasant-wives1 & s5tim5tal s*ool-m>ms do+ culture-pilgrimages3 9 %ort1 ( all :o wi% to develop _! emotions at ! exp5se ( _! bra9s1 & to %ut _! eyes to ! grim realities ( life1 out ( :i* alone true & vital beauty c gr[4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,! ,,papal ,,payma/]s ,among its num]\s arti/s ( beauty ,r5aissance ,italy produc$ "o man :o did n f9d life a g>d5 ( pleasure2 "o man :o1 :5 he s9n$1 did n d x ) easy grace & *e]ful he>t2 a man :o fac$ ! my/]ies ( life1 & took s]i\sly ! t]rors :i* ! m$ieval m9d has conjur$ = itself4 ,?is man 0 a rebel aga9/ ! wanton & cruel _s ( 8 age2 a rebel also aga9/ nature1 ^? cruelties :i* "t & dea? inflict ^u our race4 ,he 0 a lonely man1 pursu$ by ! jeal\sies & gre$s ( 8 rivals1 tortur$ by 8 own s5suality & by fe>s ( et]nal torm5t4 ,he liv$ a life ( futile & agoniz$ revolt1 & produc$ "s magnific5t & t]rible art4 ,9 ?is book x is our task to /udy ! arti/ 9 relation to ! ma/]s ( money2 & we %all f9d no m tragic illu/rations ( ! wa/e t is wr\ght 9 ! life ( g5ius by ! p[]s ( gre$1 ?an are reveal$ to u 9 ! /ory ( ,mi*elangelo ,buon>roti4 ,he is rank$ z "o ( ! greate/ sculptors ( all "t2 he 0 also "o ( ! greate/ ( pa9t]s1 & a great poet4 ,l mo/ ( ^? :o h vision$ ! sublime & ! colossal1 he 0 a man ( frail physique1 fe>-haunt$ all 8 life4 ,z a *ild he 0 beat5 by 8 fa!r1 :o s\ght to break him ( ! desire to become an arti/4 ,at ! age ( n9e he 0 tak5 to he> ! ?und]+s ( ,savon>ola1 ano!r frail prophet :o _h aris5 to d5\nce ! vices ( ! *ur* 9 ,flor5ce4 ,:5 ,mi*elangelo 0 tw5ty-?ree1 ,savon>ola 0 publicly hang$1 aft] hav+ be5 excommunicat$ by ! ,borgia pope4 ,! "y pa9t] at t "t 0 beguil+ himself ) ,greek beauty2 b ! t]rible fate ( ! prophet _c h fail$ to impress him1 & helps to acc\nt = ! religi\s f]vors ( 8 lat] ye>s4 ,two worlds /ruggl$ 9 8 s\l1 ! _w ( pagan beauty & luxuri\s pleasure1 & ! _w ( heav5ly raptures & fanatical asceticism4 ,?is arti/'s abilities 7 quickly recogniz$4 ,! same pope1 ,julius ,,ii1 :o 0 %[]+ ,raphael ) gold5 ducats1 adopt$ ,mi*elangelo z 8 *ief glorifi]1 & ! two ( !m sp5t a ye> or two prep>+ colossal plans = ! pope's tomb1 some?+ great] ?an any tomb ev] se5 on e>? be=e1 a p]fect m\nta9 ( m>ble1 ) m ?an =ty /atues ( colossal size4 ,"h we see ,mi*elangelo's fate2 "o ( ! great ma/]s ( life1 ) a mighty message conc]n+ ! de/9y ( man1 he is oblig$ to get ! money by :i* he lives1 & ! m>ble :i* he c>ves1 f a va9 & gre$y politician 9 *ur*ly raim5t4 ,he is p]mitt$ to make /atues ( ,david & ( ,moses1 ( ,day & ,night & ,morn+ & ,ev5+1 & o!r great symbolic ideas2 b he mu/ c>ve !m = ! tomb ( "s pope or pot5tate1 & mu/ sp5d ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 qu>rel+--n m]ely ) ?is pope or pot5tate1 b ) (ficials & subord9ates1 all hat+1 intrigu+1 ?reat5+ to /ab or to poison4 ,9 ! s5tim5tal rubbi% :i* hi/orians & art critic's write ab\t ! ,middle ,ages1 we are told t mighty ca!drals & temples 7 produc$ by ! co-op]ative devotion & rev]5ce ( :ole communities ( wor%ip]s4 ,:5 y come to inve/igate ! facts1 y f9d t !y 7 produc$ amid a *aos ( wrangl+ & *eat+ & ly+1 exactly z a mod]n public build+1 or a battle%ip1 or a fleet ( a]oplanes is produc$4 ,! *ief ar*itect ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii 0 a dissipat$ & murd]\s rascal1 :o 0 putt+ rott5 walls into ! ,vatican build+s--walls :i* h _h to be repair$ incessantly ev] s9ce4 ,he c>ri$ on intrigues aga9/ ,mi*elangelo1 & succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ! pope t x 0 bad luck = anyone to build 8 own tomb :ile he 0 alive4 ,s ! pope dropp$ ! project1 & ,mi*elangelo 0 left 9 debt1 hav+ to pay out ( 8 own pocket ! co/s ( transport+ ! m\nta9 ( m>ble4 ,! sculptor /orm$ ! ,vatican & insi/$ ^u be+ paid1 & ! pope _h him put out by a groom4 ,next he 0 requir$ to make a bronze /atue ( 8 mo/ holy pope4 ,he prote/$ t he did n "k any?+ ab\t ca/+ bronze1 b he work$ at x = m ?an a ye>1 mak+ a wret*$ failure ( x1 & ru9+ 8 heal?4 ,!n he 0 ord]$ to pa9t ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,he prote/$ t he did n "k h[ to pa9t ceil+s1 x 0 h>d & exhau/+ "w2 b aga9 ! pope insi/$1 & ,mi*elangelo sp5t f\r ye>s at ?is1 pa9t+ 8 colossal & t]rify+ symbols upside d[n4 ,because he took s long at x1 ! pope 0 enrag$1 insi/+ ^u see+ ! "w & criticiz+ x1 fly+ into a fury & beat+ ,mi*elangelo ) 8 /aff1 !n s5d+ a mess5g] ) five hundr$ ducats to salve 8 feel+s4 ,julius ,,ii di$ & ,leo ,x came 94 ,mi*elangelo _h made a new contract ) ! heirs ( ! dead pope to complete ! tomb1 & _h />t$ "w on ?irty-two colossal /atues4 ,b ! new pope want$ ,mi*elangelo's fame = himself1 & s = t5 ye>s ! poor sculptor 0 pull$ & haul$ betwe5 two rival gr\ps4 ,x 0 ! fa%ion ( o!r sculptors & pa9t]s1 :5 ?us load$ d[n ) "w1 to hire a numb] ( assi/ants & put ! job ?r\gh 9 a hurry4 ,b ,mi*elangelo suff]$ f consci5ti\sness2 he ?\ght t nobody else c\ld d 8 "w z he want$ x done1 & he sweat$ & agoniz$ & groan$ "u ! burd5 ( ^! contracts4 ,m m>ble 0 ne$$1 & he 0 dragg$ ab\t betwe5 ! rival own]s ( m>ble qu>ries4 ,! unsuccessful own]s intrigu$ ) ! boatm5 to make x impossible = ! m>ble to be mov$2 j l a c]ta9 team/]s' /rike :i* ,i _h occasion to inve/igate 9 ,*icago "s tw5ty ye>s ago--! riots & mobb+s & %[]s ( brick-bats & brok5 heads & bullet-riddl$ bodies 7 caus$ by a great mail-ord] h\se hav+ paid = a /rike aga9/ a rival mail-ord] h\se6 ,!re came ano!r pope1 ?is "t a ,m$ici4 ,he want$ a tomb to 8 ance/ors1 :o 7 spl5did & weal?y m]*ants 9 ,flor5ce4 ,also !re 0 to be a colossus 9 ! ,m$ici g>d5s1 a difficult matt]1 because ( ! lack ( room2 ,mi*elangelo discuss$ ! problem 9 a lett] to a fri5d1 :i* has come d[n to u4 ,read ?is picture ( a man ( g5ius try+ to please a weal?y & fa/idi\s patron3 ,i h ?\ght ab\t ! ,colossus2 ,i h inde$ ?\ght a great deal ab\t x4 ,x seems to me t x w\ld n be well plac$ outside ! ,m$ici g>d5s because x w\ld take up too mu* room 9 ! /reet4 ,a bett] place1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld be :]e ! b>b]'s %op is4 ,!re x w\ld n be s mu* 9 ! way4 ,z = ! exp5ses ( expropriation1 ,i ?9k to r$uce !m we c\ld make ! figure seat$1 & z x c\ld be holl[$1 ! %op c\ld be plac$ inside s ! r5t w\ld n be lo/4 ,x seems to me a good idea to put 9 ! h& ( ! ,colossus a horn ( abundance1 & ?is c\ld be holl[ & w\ld s]ve z a *imney4 ,! head c\ld also be made use (1 ,i %\ld ?9k2 = ! p\ltryman1 my v good fri5d :o lives on ! squ>e1 said to me secretly t x w\ld make a wond]ful dovecote4 ,i h ano!r & /ill bett] idea--b 9 t case ! /atue mu/ be made v mu* l>g]1 :i* w\ld n be impossible1 = t[]s are made ) /one--& t is t ! head %\ld s]ve z a bell-t[] to ,s4 ,lor5zo1 :i* n[ has none4 ,by plac+ ! bells s t ! s\nd w\ld come out ( ! m\? x w\ld seem z if ! giant cri$ = m]cy1 especially on holidays :5 !y use ! big bells4 ,mi*elangelo 0 9 ,flor5ce :5 ! republican revolution aga9/ ! ,m$ici took place4 ,! arti/ sympa?iz$ ) ! revolutioni/s1 aga9/ 8 patrons2 he propos$ to make = ! revolutioni/s a gigantic /atue ( ,david & ,golia?1 b !y decid$ he _h bett] use 8 en]gies 9 =tify+ ! walls6 ,:5 ! city 0 tak51 & ! slaught] ( ! rebels began1 ,mi*elangelo hid = a mon? or two4 ,!n he 0 comm&$ to come =? & resume 8 task ( glorify+ 8 conqu]ors6 ,he did s1 & 0 put to "w on ! tomb ( ! ,m$ici4 ,ne$less to say1 ! figures on ! tomb are n figures ( s]5e cont5tm5t & spiritual peace6 ,roma9 ,roll& describes !m z an 8outbur/ ( despair0 :]eby ! sculptor 8dr[n$ 8 %ame at rais+ ?is monum5t ( slav]y40 ,ano!r pope came1 & want$ ,mi*elangelo = 8 *ief glorifi]4 ,! arti/ plead$ 8 old contracts1 b ! pope 0 furi\s1 & comm&$ him to te> !m up4 ,he 0 put to "w on ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 & ! result 0 ! m>vel\s pa9t+1 8,! ,la/ ,judgm5t10 9 :i* all ! t]rors & torm5ts ( ! ,middle ,ages are summ$ up4 ,x 0 "o ( ! _w's greate/ pa9t+s2 b ! pi\s ( ! "t 7 %ock$1 & ! pope put "s ( 8 o!r pa9t]s to putt+ panties on ! nude sa9ts4 ,f "t to "t o!r %ock$ ecclesia/ics _h ?is or t article ( clo?+ pa9t$ into ! picture2 & because !y us$ any color !y happ5$ to h ly+ ab\t1 we c n[ =m little idea ( ,mi*elangelo's vision ( ! ,day ( ,doom4 ,all ?is "t ! arti/ 0 be+ h\nd$ by ! heirs ( 8 fir/ pope2 b ! pres5t pope insi/$ t he %\ld be ! ar*itect ( ,/4 ,pet]'s2 s "h we see ! old man1 ov] sev5ty1 /ill fight+ ! graft]s & h\nd$ by conspirators4 ,x appe>s t 9 ,r5aissance ,rome1 :5 a graft] 0 caught1 & ?reat5$ to expose 8 fell[-graft]s1 he 0 %ot1 & ! _w 0 told t he _h committ$ suicide2 exactly z x happ5s 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 9 ^! our days ( oil-?ieves & bootlegg]s6 ,mi*elangelo 0 /ill afraid1 z he _h be5 all 8 life2 b he 0 /ill m afraid ( ,god1 & det]m9$ to f9i% ,/4 ,pet]'s z a means ( sav+ 8 s\l at ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,s he /uck & f\ght ! graft]s4 ,!re came yet ano!r pope--! arti/ _h to w9 ea* "o 9 turn1 ?w>t+ a :ole new set ( intrigu+ enemies4 ,we f9d him at ! age ( eighty-eight1 expos+ ?ieves :o are build+ ! walls ( ,/4 ,pet]'s out ( rott5 mat]ials--& ar\nd him ! ?ieves are /abb+ ea* o!r4 ,at la/1 at ! age ( n9ety1 he lies on 8 dea?-b$1 8 t]rific labors at an end2 & betwe5 8 dy+ gasps he confides to a fri5d 8 "o regret1 t he has to die j :5 he has succe$$ 9 le>n+ ! alphabet ( 8 art6 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,:o ,,is ,,crazy8 ,:5 civilization em]g$ f ! ,d>k ,ages1 ! fight+ man w5t ab\t ) a h>d-%ell cov]+1 l a crab1 & 0 call$ a knight4 ,bo? he & 8 horse und]w5t a long tra9+1 & :5 x 0 f9i%$ he 0 a fight+ eng9e :i* c\ld roll ov] any?+ else exi/+ 9 ! _w4 ,he w5t on crusades1 & drove back ! ,s>ac5 & ! ,turk f ,europe4 ,9 ^! days ( real & cruel dang] he produc$ a g5u9e ,art ( ,p[]3 = example1 8,! ,song ( ,rol&10 an elev5? c5tury ,fr5* poem1 tell+ ( a t]rific all-day battle aga9/ invad+ infidel hordes4 ,b aft]w>ds1 :5 *ivalry _h become e/abli%$1 x develop$ its ,art ( ,beauty2 a fanta/ic lit]ature ab\t ideal be+s1 :o con=m$ to an artificial & complicat$ code ( etiquette1 & sp5t _! "t rescu+ beautiful "y ladies f ! claws ( v>i\s mon/]s4 ,!re grew up a :ole g5ealogy ( ^! lit]>y knights1 & enorm\s long poems 7 compos$ ab\t !m4 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,columbia ,univ]sity1 acquir+ culture1 "o ( ! tasks set me 0 ! read+ ( ,ario/o1 an ,italian poet ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ,i valiantly /ruggl$ ?r\gh a doz5 cantos ( ^! absurd adv5tures4 ,!y resemble a ,griffi? mov+ picture1 9 :i* !re is a villa9 engag$ 9 an elaborate process ( rap+ a beautiful virg91 :ile ! gallant h]o is gallop+ on 8 way to a rescue4 ,b ,ario/o regales u ) m details ( ! attempt$ rape2 = 9 ^! old times p 7 n afraid ( ! animal aspects ( life4 ,9 ! di/ant isl& ( ,brita9 "s r\gh c\ntry fell[s tra9$ !mselves to %oot arr[s ?r\gh ! jo9ts ( ! knightly armor4 ,a little lat] came ! inv5tion ( gunp[d]1 & t f9i%$ ! h>d-%ell crabs on horseback4 ,b ! lit]>y _w also resembles a crab1 9 t x walks backw>d1 ) its eyes on ! pa/4 ,inv>iably y f9d t :at is call$ s*ol>%ip & culture is sev]al g5]ations beh9d ! practical life ( m52 & s ! poets w5t on compos+ elaborate & fanta/ic romances ( *ivalry4 ,! te/ ( excell5ce 9 lit]ature 0 ! ref9em5t & elegance & remot5ess f life ( ?is p]v]t$ leisure-class art3 until ,c]vantes came along & laugh$ x to dea?4 ,he 0 born 9 ,spa9 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 noble b poor4 ,he fir/ liv$ 8 great book1 & !n 9 old age he wrote x4 ,he w5t to ,rome 9 ! ret9ue ( a papal ambassador1 & lat] on took up ! *ivalr\s c>e]1 a crusade4 ,! ,turks 7 9 possession ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! ,spani>ds 7 try+ to drive !m out2 ,c]vantes1 ?\gh ill ( a fev]1 f\ght desp]ately at ! battle ( ,lepanto1 & 0 twice w\nd$4 ,aft] five ye>s ( su* w> he 0 sail+ home1 :5 ! ,turks captur$ him1 & = sev]al ye>s he 0 a slave 9 ,algi]s--a gallant & romantic slave1 ! d>l+ ( 8 companions & ! t]ror ( 8 ma/]s4 ,he made sev]al attempts to escape1 & f9ally 0 ransom$ by 8 relatives1 & came home to ,spa91 crippl$ & poor--to reflect1 l s _m return$ soldi]s1 ^u ! bitt]ness ( dead glory4 ,he became a gov]nm5t ag5t1 collect+ naval /ores4 ,he 0 n a great success3 "o ( 8 subord9ates default$1 & he 0 put 9 prison4 ,he liv$ 9 /rait5$ circum/ances1 9 a h\sehold ) five wom5 relatives & 8 s5se ( humor4 ,!n he tri$ writ+2 = tw5ty ye>s he wrote e k9d ( ?+ :i* a man ( 8 "t c\ld imag9e w\ld br+ a liv+1 b all 9 va94 ,he 0 n a univ]sity man & s ! critics ( 8 "t consid]$ him presumptu\s 9 attempt+ to break into _! sacr$ ranks4 ,until he 0 fifty-eight 8 life 0 a failure4 ,!n he hit ^u ! idea ( ridicul+ ! e/abli%$ lit]ature ( *ivalry1 by br++ x into contact ) ! e-day realities ( ,spa94 ,he creat$ a "* v mu* l himself2 except t ! old ,don ,quixote _h read s _m romances t 8 head 0 turn$1 & he began to take !m s]i\sly1 m\nt$ 8 old nag & rode out to rescue damsels1 & to mi/ake a b>b]'s bas9 %9+ 9 ! sun = a helmet1 & w9d-mills = giants :o mu/ be ov]?r[n4 ,! /ory rambles along f "o comical adv5ture to ! next1 & br+s 9 almo/ e type ( p]son 9 ,spa94 ,x became an in/ant & enorm\sly popul> success2 b poor ,c]vantes got practically no?+ out ( x1 because editions 7 pirat$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,he 0 a failure to ! end--& curi\sly en\gh1 did n get any satisfaction ev5 f 8 fame4 ,he 0 a%am$ ( 8 popul> book1 & q sure t mank9d w\ld "s day appreciate 8 long poems1 8,! ,j\rney to ,p>nassus10 & ! pa/oral romance1 8,galatea10 & ! romantic poem1 8,p]siles & ,sigismunda40 ,_m ( ! _w's greate/ writ]s h ?us fall5 victim to culture-snobb]y4 ,%akespe>e 0 despis$ by ! academic critics ( 8 own "t1 & app>5tly did n ?9k en\gh ( 8 own plays to see t po/]ity got a correct edition ( !m4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy we all read 8,tom ,sawy]0 & 8,huckleb]ry ,f9n10 & 8laugh$ our heads (f0 ov] !m2 b if anybody _h sugge/$ to u t ,m>k ,twa9 might be "o ( ! _w's great writ]s1 we %\ld h ?\ght x a ,m>k ,twa9 joke4 8,don ,quixote0 0 produc$1 def9itely & delib]ately1 z a piece ( propag&a4 ,we no long] "k ev5 ! names ( ^! long-w9d$ romances ( *ivalry1 s we d n realize t ! au?or1 9 ridicul+ !m1 is try+ to tea* u some?+4 ,also1 !re is ano!r k9d ( propag&a t ,c]vantes put into ! book1 8 ideas conc]n+ "o ( ! grave/ problems confront+ mank9d ?r\gh ! ages4 ,:at %all be ! relation ( ! ideali/1 ! dream] ( good & beautiful ?+s1 to ! _w ( ugl9ess & gre$ 9 :i* he f9ds himself8 ,he has a vision ( some?+ spl5did1 b ! _w kn[s no?+ ab\t t vision1 & _c be made to und]/& x2 if he tries to apply x1 ! _w w call him crazy1 x w treat him s badly t be=e he gets ?r\gh he may be really crazy4 ,b :at1 aft] all1 is x to be crazy8 ,is x to believe 9 ! possibility ( some?+ spl5did 9 life8 ,or is x to believe t life mu/ always be ! hateful & ugly ?+ we n[ see x8 ,nobody c be sure j h[ mu* ,c]vantes realiz$ all ?is himself4 ,!re are _m cases ( m5 ( g5ius writ+1 out ( _! sorr[ & _! laught]1 ?+s m wise & m deep ?an !y "k4 ,did ,%akespe>e int5d ,%ylock to be a comic "*1 to be h[l$ at & pelt$ by ! ,jew-hat+ mob ( 8 "t1 or did he realize t 9 ?is half-comic1 half-tragic figure he 0 voic+ ! grief & prote/ ( a p]secut$ race8 ,:at ,c]vantes has done 9 8,don ,quixote0 is to supply ! critics & int]pret]s ) mat]ial = speculation ?r\gh _m ages to come4 ,he gave 8 crack-bra9$ old g5tleman a devot$ s]vant1 ) no p>ticle ( 8 ma/]'s idealism or insanity4 ,san*o ,panza is entirely normal1 f ! _w's po9t ( view1 a /urdy & practical fell[2 yet he gets into j z _m absurd scrapes z 8 ma/]--because he is ignorant1 & is betray$ by 8 own gre$4 ,s we are br\ght back aga9 & aga9 to ! "q3 ,:o is x t is really crazy 9 ?is %ift+ & unc]ta9 _w8 ,is a read] ( lit]ature insane because he sets out to apply ! ideas ( t lit]ature 9 real life8 ,or does insanity lie ) writ]s :o produce & critics :o praise lit]ature :i* _c be appli$ to real life1 & is n int5d$ to be s appli$8 ,if1 z ,i believe1 ! latt] answ] is correct--!n h[ _m fooli% p]sons !re are writ+ books today6 ,x is int]e/+ to note h[ _m ( ! _w's great monum5ts ( art 7 produc$ by m5 :o saw _! c\ntry travel+ ! road to ru91 & plead$ 9 va9 ) ! rul+ classes4 ,c]vantes himself 0 a dev\t ,ca?olic1 & w\ld n h und]/ood u if we _h told him t ,don ,quixote typifi$ ! ,spa9 ( 8 "t2 ! ,spa9 :i* believ$ t ! human m9d c\ld be %ackl$ by religi\s bigotry1 & =c$ by dungeon & torture & ! /ake to accept a set ( !ological dogmas4 ,! ,spani>ds slaught]$ or drove into exile _! mo/ intellig5t population1 ! ,moors2 & ,c]vantes approv$ x4 ,!y set out to conqu] ! _w = _! hateful fai?1 & ,c]vantes saw _! p[]ful ,armada ov]?r[n & de/roy$ by ! little %ips ( /urdy1 indep5d5t ,engli%m51 :o _h rec5tly kick$ out ! pope f _! c\ntry & tak5 *>ge ( _! own ?9k+4 ,?is pope _h by =mal decree pres5t$ ,engl& to ,spa92 b ! old1 crack-bra9$ ,don ,quixote empire _h be5 unable to take possession1 & ! sad g5tleman-soldi]1 ,c]vantes1 di$ )\t hav+ und]/ood any ( ^! _w-ev5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,ogi1 ,,anglomaniac ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,?is is gett+ to be q a respectable lit]>y book3 ! v ?+ = club ladies "h 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 :o hire somebody to read books = !m1 & tell !m :at ! books are ab\t4 ,"h y've read ?\s&s ( books = !m60 ,says ,ogi3 8,!y'll get all ! culture ( ! ages 9 a lecture la/+ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,i rememb] y\r tell+ h[ ! ,negro mammies *ew up ! babies' food = !m1 & !n fe$ x back into ! babies' m\?s40 8,yes1 b don't y tell t60 cries ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,a little too ,r5aissancy80 laughs h] husb&4 8,) reasonable c>e10 p]si/s ! o!r1 8y c break into lit]>y society ) ?is book4 ,i und]/& y're lead+ up to ,engli% lit]ature2 & t is :]e respectability beg9s & ends40 8,y =get my ,russian & ,g]man read]s4 ,also1 ,i'm sorry to report1 we h to h ano!r *apt] ( economics & politics40 8,:at's happ5$ n[80 8,free in/itutions h got a new />t1 & we h to und]/& ! process4 ,we h to make an appraisal ( ! p>liam5t>y sy/em2 & if we make "o t is j1 we %all displease all p>ties to ! controv]sy4 ,y rememb] h[ dur+ ! w> ?is ,ogi family us$ to argue until ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,! mo/ difficult "q 9 all hi/ory _h to be decid$1 & kept decid$ = f\r ye>s4 ,0 !re really a *oice betwe5 ,briti% capitalism & ,g]man autocracy8 ,0 !re any real life left 9 ! p>liam5t>y sy/em1 any?+ wor? sav+ 9 political democracy2 or mu/ we g ov] to work+ class dictator%ip8 ,we li/5$ to ! p>tisans ( ea* side z !y /orm$ at u2 !re 7 millions ( sep>ate facts1 & we _h to appraise !m & /rike a balance4 ,& j :5 we ?\ght we _h x1 "s ,iri%man or ,h9doo w\ld come along ) fre% examples ( ,briti% gov]nm5tal imbecility40 8,b :at's t got to d ) ! book80 dem&s ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,we h to make ! same decision 9 our /udy ( _w culture4 ,"h is ,elizabe?an ,engl&1 & we h to appraise x1 & appraise ,%akespe>e4 ,are we go+ to agree ) ,b]n>d ,%aw & scold him because he isn't a ,sociali/8 ,are we go+ to agree ) ,tol/oy & scrap him because he isn't a sa9t8 ,evid5tly ,i'm expect$ to d ^? ?+s4 ,"h's a lett] f ,george ,/]l+1 :o disapproves mo/ /r5u\sly ( my !sis1 b :o says1 #8,f y\r po9t ( view ,%akespe>e is y\r bigge/ & mo/ vuln]able game4'0 8,well10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8:at's ,%akespe>e to y1 or y to ,%akespe>e80 8,= "o ?+1 he's an old fri5d4 ,= ano!r1 he's a :ole univ]se 9 himself--0 8,surely a respectable op9ion60 8,i'm sorry to be respectable1 b ,i want to be j4 ,x is easy to "n great & important qualities t ,%akespe>e lack$1 & damn him = t lack4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o c ?9k ( hide\s qualities he lack$--& honor him = _! abs5ce4 ,mo/ important ( all1 he wasn't a m$ieval bigot4 ,if he doesn't asc5d to ! heights ( moral idealism1 at lea/ he avoids wall[+ 9 :at ,/]l+ calls #8! liquid manure ( sup]/ition4' ,he is a mod]n man1 :o looks at life ) cle> eyes1 & judges x on its own m]its4 ,com+ f ,ca?olic ,europe to ,elizabe?an ,engl& is l com+ out ( a morgue1 & /&+ on a headl& :]e ! w9d bl[s f ! sea4 ,%akespe>e knew t1 & all ! m5 ( 8 "t knew x2 !y 7 def5d+ !mselves f ! ,inquisition1 !y 7 sav+ ! race-m9d4 8,! future _w poet 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s old :5 ! ,spani% ,armada 0 h>ri$ d[n ! ,engli% *annel by ! little %ips ( ,drake & ,frobi%]4 ,he _h already come up to ,london1 & p]haps he he>d ! guns4 ,anyh[1 all ,engl& knew t ! pope _h by =mal decree turn$ ov] _! c\ntry to be a vassal ( ,spa92 !y knew t ,k+ ,philip 0 prep>+ aga9/ !m ! mo/ p[]ful fleet 9 hi/ory4 ,!y wait$1 9 j su* an agony ( susp5se z we knew dur+ ! long /ruggle 9 ,france4 ,& j z s*ylus 0 inspir$ by ! battle ( ,m>a?on to write ,greek patriotic propag&a1 s ,%akespe>e 0 inspir$ by ! defeat ( ! ,armada to write ,engli% patriotic propag&a4 ,n[1 9 weigh+ ! value ( t propag&a1 we h to judge ! society 9 :i* ,%akespe>e liv$1 ! balance ( democratic & ari/ocratic =ces1 ( progress & reaction x conta9$4 ,we c't d t )\t a !ory ( political evolution--0 8,i'll tell y :at y d10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,y />t 9 & tell u "s facts ab\t ,%akespe>e's plays1 & :at's 9 !m1 & "w 9 y\r !ory ( political evolution z y g along4 ,!n1 z ,i g along1 ,i'll take a p5cil & m>k mo/ ( x out60 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,phosphoresc5ce ,,& ,,decay ,a few mon?s ago ,i _h ! pleasure ( sp5d+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs ) a ,*icago millionaire :o specializes 9 kn[+ all !re is to "k on ! subject ( ciph]s4 ,dur+ ! w> he gave our army practically all its in=mation on ?is subject2 s preci\s 0 8 k t1 = fe> ! enemy might get him1 he 0 kept = a ye> & a half lock$ up 9 ! fire-pro(1 bomb-pro(1 burgl>-pro( & bullet-pro( vault :]e 8 books & manuscripts are pres]v$4 ,sitt+ 9 ?is vault1 ! own] %[$ me ! greate/ collection ( ,bacon & ,%akespe>e fir/ editions 9 ,am]ica4 ,= sev]al h\rs he po9t$ out ! ciph]s 9 ^! editions1 & com+ home on ! tra9 ,i read ! n>rative :i* is hidd5 9 ^! ciph]s1 ! secret life ( ,francis ,bacon1 ,"l ,v]ulam1 :]e9 he claims to h be5 a natural son ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & ! au?or ( mo/ ( ! plays attribut$ to ,william ,%akespe>e4 ,x seems /range t "o has to le>n ab\t ^! ?+s 9 ,fr5*2 b s x /&s1 9 a s]ies ( articles by ,g5]al ,c>ti]1 publi%$ 9 ! 8,m]cure de ,france10 ,septemb]1 #aibb4 ,if ,i 7 go+ to h an op9ion on ?is subject1 ,i %\ld want at lea/ two ye>s to devote1 )\t int]ruption1 to a /udy ( ?is ciph] lit]ature1 & to ! lives ( ,bacon & ,%akespe>e1 & a comp>ison ( _! lit]>y /yles4 ,lack+ ?is leisure 9 ! pres5t crisis ( man's fate1 ,i cont5t myself ) say+ t "h is "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ my/]ies 9 ! _w1 & t ,i am n "o ( ^? com=table p :o "k a ?+ to be impossible1 m]ely because x is new & /range4 ,hav+ said ?is mu*1 ,i proce$ ^u ! or?odox assumption t ! plays attribut$ to ,william ,%akespe>e 7 writt5 by ! actor ( t "n4 ,he 0 born 9 #aefd at ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 8 fa!r be+ a m]*ant :o e>ly fell into mis=tune4 ,!re are leg5ds t ! son 0 wild1 & ran away to ,london to escape prosecution = de]-/eal+4 ,he became a hang]-on ( !atrical companies1 held horses at ! doors ( !at]s1 became connect$ ) ! ,duke ( ,leice/]'s company1 act$ 9 v>i\s plays1 0 call$ ^u to revise & pat* up manuscripts1 & f9ally wrote plays ( 8 own :i* 7 popul> successes4 ,he made money1 b\ght sev]al pieces ( prop]ty at ,/rat=d1 won ! fri5d%ip ( "s ( ! p[]ful & great1 & f9ally return$ to 8 home t[n1 to die at ! age ( fifty-two4 ,t is all we "k ab\t ! greate/ poet ( all "t4 ,h[ he manag$ to escape att5tion1 h[ above all he fail$ to see to x t ! _w got au!ntic copies ( 8 plays1 is a my/]y only p>tly expla9$ by ! fact t playwrit+ & act+ 7 disreputable occupations4 ,actors _h be5 /roll+ vagabonds1 liable to be ?r[n into jail by any con/able1 l a work+man out ( a job 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,only by gett+ ! protection ( "s noble e>l c\ld !y be safe f p]secution2 & if y _h become a fri5d ( noble e>ls1 & a g5tleman ( prop]ty 9 y\r home-t[n1 y did n boa/ ( plays y _h writt51 any m ?an if y liv$ on ,fif? ,av5ue today y w\ld boa/ ( a saloon y _h once kept4 ,%akespe>e's fir/ plays are romantic com$ies 9 ! /yle ( ! "t4 ,x 0 ! tradition ( ! pa/oral1 fo/]$ by elegant ladies & g5tlem5 :o "k nature z a place = picnics4 ,x is a _w ( beauty1 wit & 8*>m02 ev]ybody is "y1 ev]ybody's occupation is fall+ 9 love ) "s o!r pretty body1 & problems exi/ only to be solv$ 9 ! la/ act4 ,:5 ,i 0 "y ,i saw ,julia ,m>l[e 9 8,z ,y ,l ,x10 & 0 ravi%$ ) delight4 ,n[ ,i look back on x1 9 ! broad daylight ( my pres5t k ab\t life2 ,i recall ! ?\s& traps into :i* ,i fell because ( ignorance ( sex1 ignorance ( money1 ignorance ( almo/ ev]y?+ ab\t my fell[ human be+s4 ,i recall ! p ,i h kn[n :o fell into ^! same traps1 & 7 n able to extricate !mselves1 b paid = _! romantic illusions ) pov]ty1 drunk5ness1 disease1 divorce1 insanity1 suicide4 ,s ,i am compell$ to decl>e t ^! 8*>m+0 com$ies are z false to life z ! av]age mov+ picture ( our "t1 9 :i* ! problems ( labor & capital are solv$ by ! hone/ labor lead] m>ry+ ! daught] ( ! great capta9 ( indu/ry4 ,i h to g fur!r & ma9ta9 t ?is betrayal ( life 0 delib]ate2 ! writ] himself knew m ?an he told u4 ,%akespe>e is fond ( je]+ at ! 8gr\ndl+s10 & ^? :o /oop to tickle _! unwa%$ e>s4 ,9 ! ,%akespe>ean !at] ! *eap seats 7 9 ! pit1 or :at we call ! or*e/ra2 ! ari/ocrats sat on ! sides ( ! /age1 & frequ5tly got drunk1 & amus$ !mselves by sprawl+ 9 _! seats & tripp+ up ! actors & guy+ ! %[4 ,^! elegant ones 7 n 8gr\ndl+s10 & x 0 no disgrace to a romantic poet to rise 9 ! _w by giv+ !m :at !y want$4 ,%akespe>e 0 ev5 cynical en\gh to laugh at !m = _! silly ta/e2 he call$ "o ( 8 com$y successes 8,z ,y ,l ,x10 & ano!r 8,twelf? ,night1 or ,:at y ,w40 ,?is man 0 gift$ ) ! mo/ m>vel\s tongue t has yet appe>$ on e>?4 ,gold51 gl[+1 gorge\s words p\r$ out ( him at a mom5t's notice all 8 life2 he cov]$ ev]y?+ he wrote ) ! glam\r ( poetry4 ,?is gift 0 8 =tune2 b also x 0 a trap1 because x sav$ him ! ne$ ( ?9k+4 ,x is a trap = u1 because x tempts u into %>+ 8 emotions )\t ?9k+4 ,b =ce y\rself to ?9k1 ask y\rself :at is ! actual value ( ! ideas ! mighty poet is express+1 & y discov] t _m ( !m are commonplace1 _m are worldly & *eap1 _m are ! h>% prejudices ( 8 "t & class4 ,9 ^! e>ly days ,%akespe>e wrote a long n>rative poem1 :i* helps u to "k him4 ,x is d$icat$ to ! "y ,e>l ( ,s\?ampton1 8 patron1 & is call$ 8,v5us & ,adonis02 a typical example ( ! pseudo-classical romantic rubbi% :i* ! cultur$ _w ( t "t call$ 8art40 ,nature has provid$ = ! mix+ & di/ribut+ ( ! qualities ( liv+ creatures by a sy/em ( sex ex*anges4 ,?r\gh\t ! high] =ms ( life1 & ) m5 & wom5 9 _! primitive1 natural condition1 ! act ( sex f]tilization occupies less ?an ! entire "t ( ! creature4 ,b n[ a leisure-class arises1 p>asitic ^u its fell[s2 & ! memb]s ( ?is class seek to div]t _! idle "t by ! endless elaboration ( ! sex function4 8,v5us & ,adonis0 tells ! /ory ( an ef=t ( ! goddess ( love to secure ! sexual att5tions ( a reluctant y\?4 ,! /rik+ ?+ ab\t ! poem is ! ext5t to :i* ! ,greek ideal ( ! goddess ( fecundity has be5 debas$--,i w n say to ! animal level1 because ! animals are dec5t & s5sible 9 _! sex affairs2 ,i say to ! level ( ! high-pric$ bro!l1 :]e ! jad$ ri* are beguil$4 ,v5us 9 ?is poem has no idea ( mak+ h]self spiritually or intellectually attractive to ! y\?2 %e does n "k h[ to be sublime & goddess-l1 %e does n "k h[ to be wise1 or ev5 to be witty & gay4 ,%e only kn[s h[ to =ce h] unwant$ fle% m & m p]si/5tly ^u ! y\?1 to wall[ ^u 8 body1 disgu/+ bo? ! y\? & ! read]4 ,! fact t 8,v5us & ,adonis0 is full ( v]bal spl5dor1 l ev]y?+ else t ,%akespe>e wrote1 makes x m & n less (f5sive to an intellig5t p]son4 ,by means ( our intellig5ce we h inv5t$ ! microscope1 & !reby we "k t decay is n less decay because x happ5s to be phosphoresc5t4 ,we c surely say t !re 0 decay 9 ! fa%ionable _w ( ,%akespe>e's "t1 :5 twelve editions ( 8,v5us & ,adonis0 7 call$ =1 :ile = a mighty trag$y l 8,o!llo0 !re 0 n dem& en\gh to secure its pr9t+ until six ye>s aft] its au?or 0 dead6 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv ,,! ,,good ,,man ,,!ory ,:5 ,i 0 "y ! or?odox critics ( ,%akespe>e taught1 & ev]ybody accept$ ! idea1 t !re 0 no poet :o _h be5 m alo( f 8 own "w1 & t x 0 impossible to tell any?+ ab\t him f ! *>act]s he portray$4 ,b n[ comes ,frank ,h>ris ) 8 book1 8,! ,man ,%akespe>e & ,8 ,tragic ,life-,/ory40 ,h>ris cont5ds t no poet has reveal$ himself m cont9u\sly ?an ,%akespe>e2 ! "* speak+ out ( ! plays is t ( a man torm5t$ all 8 life by s5suality1 & fight+ 9 pa9 & bewild]m5t to save a brilliant intellect f ru9 by excess4 ,frank ,h>ris is su* a man himself2 he makes no secret ( ! fact t ?is has be5 8 tragic life-/ory4 ,s1 z we read ! book1 our fir/ "q is1 to :at ext5t has ,frank ,h>ris read himself into ,%akespe>e4 ,x has be5 a long "t s9ce ,i read ! plays /raight ?r\gh1 & ,i %\ld want to d x aga9 be=e ,i felt ,i _h an op9ion4 ,meantime1 we c say ?is mu*3 if ! ,%akespe>e ( ,frank ,h>ris is n ,%akespe>e1 b a "w ( imag9ation1 x is "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ works ( imag9ation 9 ! _w1 fully z significant z any "* 9 any ( ,%akespe>e's plays4 ,all critics w\ld ass5t to ! /atem5t t ,%akespe>e began ) y\?ful glorification ( 8 leisure-class fri5ds1 _! graces & _! *>ms2 & t z ! ye>s pass$ he met ) a s]ies ( disillusionm5ts1 :i* drove him to bitt]ness1 almo/ to madness4 ,b x is to be not$ t ?r\gh\t ?is p]iod ( disillusionm5t he rema9s purely p]sonal1 he nev] rises above ! 8good man0 !ory ( life4 ,y "k h[ x is 9 our politics2 if !re is corruption1 x is because we h elect$ bad m5 to (fice4 ,! te/ ( "o's ability to ?9k /raight on social que/ions is ! outgr[+ ( ?is 8good man0 !ory4 8,j a mom5t10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 :o has n entirely outgr[n ?is !ory h]self4 8,d y d5y t !re are "s ?+s a good man c d 9 ! _w t w\ld n be done o!rwise80 8,( c\rse2 ,i'm will+ to admit t any social sy/em w\ld "w1 if we c\ld manage to get good m5 9 *>ge1 & to keep !m !re4 ,! tr\ble ab\t evil sy/ems is t !y keep good m5 out ( p[]2 !y turn good m5 into bad m51 ev5 be=e !y get into (fice4 ,!y keep u f f9d+ ! good m52 !y make u ?9k t bad m5 are good--until ru9 has come & x's too late40 8,b ?9k ( ! frightful pictures t ,%akespe>e drew ( evil m5 9 p[]60 8,%akespe>e 0 a man ( ref9em5t1 he loa!d brutality & cruelty4 ,t 0 a "p ( 8 propag&a1 8 hatr$ ( p[] bl9dly us$2 he comes back aga9 & aga9 to cry out aga9/ x1 to def5d ! g5tle & ! innoc5t & ! k9d4 ,9 ^? ways he 0 f> ahead ( 8 "t2 = ^? ?+s we love him1 !y help to make him a _w poet4 ,b "h is ! po9t--) ,%akespe>e x is all a family matt]1 inside ! leisure class4 ,"s bad memb] ( ! family has got p[]1 & our att5tion is conc5trat$ ^u turn+ him out1 & putt+ 9 "s good memb] ( ! family1 :o w make wis] use ( p[]4 8,we %all f9d t ! leisure-class arti/ is frequ5tly p]mitt$ ?is k9d ( criticism4 ,he has 8 fri5ds among ! rul+ class1 he comes to ?9k ( himself z belong+2 s he has a "r to f9d fault4 ,y "k h[ x is ) ,mrs4 ,ogi2 %e w say ?+s ab\t h] own family--!y are ignorant1 !y are arrogant1 !y are ?is & t4 ,b x is ! "p ( discretion = h] husb& to rema9 sil5t at su* times4 ,mrs4 ,ogi w ent]ta9 ! company ) tales ab\t ! abs5t-m9d$ness & g5]al absurdity ( h] own husb&2 b x w be ! "p ( discretion = ! company to diss5t g5tly f su* ridicule40 8,if y /ay m>ri$ to me long en\gh10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8y w "k en\gh ab\t human nature to be able to write a novel4 ,b n[ we are talk+ ab\t ,%akespe>e4 ,ar5't y ahead ( ! "t 9 expect+ him to h revolution>y feel+s80 8,n at all4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( revolt1 bo? political & social1 9 ,%akespe>e's day2 !re _h be5 two c5turies ( social prote/ be=e he 0 born4 ,john ,ball1 ! rebel prie/1 _h be5 hang$ & qu>t]$ = ask+ ! dang]\s "q3 #8,:5 ,adam delv$ & ,eve span ,:o !n 0 ! g5tleman8' 8,s1 if ,%akespe>e _h want$ to ca/ 9 8 lot ) ! poor he _h 8 opportunity4 ,b !re 0 no?+ ( t sort 9 him4 ,he 0 a brilliant y\? :o _h come up to ,london1 poor & fri5dless1 to become intimate ) noble e>ls & weal?y g5tlem51 to d$icate 8 poems & sonnets to !m1 & h 8 plays produc$ by _! lic5s$ companies4 ,if !y prov$ fai?less1 if !y insult$ & humiliat$ a man ( g5ius1 if _! brilliant ladies & da%+ maids ( honor intrigu$ ) him & !n betray$ him--he w\ld fly into a rage & write plays ( almo/ insane fury1 su* z #8,timon ( ,a!ns' & #8,k+ ,le>1' or pictures ( grim & somb] cruelty su* z #8,measure = ,measure4' ,b :5 ^! plays fail$1 he w\ld le>n 8 lesson & g back to writ+ romantic dreams1 pretty fairy /ories l #8,a ,w9t]'s ,tale' & #8,! ,tempe/4' ,9 ^! latt] we f9d ! wi/ful sadness ( ! old man :o has le>n$ t life is n ! beautiful ?+ x ought to be1 b :o sighs 9 va9 = an all-p[]ful magician to come & set x "r4 ,aga91 y see1 ! #8good man' !ory2 :ile ! social classes ^: de/9y x is to aboli% p>asitism are ! object ( ,%akespe>e's haughty & ari/ocratic sne]s40 8,ah1 n[60 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,t's ! "p ( ! /ory y're sav+ = a climax60 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi ,,comic ,,relief ,%akespe>e's hi/orical plays cov] a p]iod ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s2 ! breakd[n ( ! feudal sy/em1 & its replacem5t by a mon>*y m or less controll$ by a p>liam5t4 ,we h t5 plays deal+ ) ?is p]iod4 ,"s ( !m ,%akespe>e wrote entirely1 gett+ 8 data f old *ronicles2 o!rs he work$ ov] f old] plays4 ,he 0 c>eless ab\t 8 facts2 & h[ little grasp he _h ( fundam5tals y may judge f ! circum/ance t 8,k+ ,john0 does n ev5 ref] to ! sign+ ( ,magna ,*>ta4 ,he might easily h _h a "* 9 ?is play make a spee* on ! subject ( ! p b9d+ ! insol5ce ( _! rul]s4 ,b he _h no int]e/ 9 su* matt]s4 ,:at ,%akespe>e did 0 to make a s]ies ( *ronicle plays deal+ ) ! intrigues & qu>rels & fight+s ( ! ,engli% nobility4 ,he foll[$ tradition1 b nev] hesitat$ to *ange ! *>act]s 9 ord] to height5 ! dramatic int]e/4 ,! result has replac$ ,engli% hi/ory 9 ! m9ds ( all ,engli% s*ool-boys1 & ^? gr[n-up s*ool-boys call$ /atesm54 ,_! national poet flatt]s _! vanities & enc\rages _! insul> prejudices4 ,he did n l ! ,iri%1 he did n l ! ,wel%1 he did n l ! ,scot*1 he did n l ! ,fr5*1 & ( c\rse he did n l ! ,spani>ds4 ,he lik$ ! ,romans1 app>5tly because !y resembl$ ! ,engli% rul+ classes4 ,john ( ,gaunt 9 8 dy+ spee* proclaims ,engl& 9 a s]ies ( raptur\s similes 8?is o!r ,ed51 demi-p>adise 444 ?is happy bre$ ( m51 ?is little _w1 ?is preci\s /one set 9 ! silv] sea 444 ?is bless$ plot1 ?is e>?1 ?is realm1 ?is ,engl&40444 ,& t is all "r1 t is ! correct way = ,engli%m5 to feel ab\t ,engl&4 ,b d !y p]mit ,fr5*m5 to feel t way ab\t ,france1 to love & def5d _! c\ntry1 & manage x 9 _! own way8 ,! answ] is1 !y d n4 ,fr5*m5 are to see ,engli% k+s lay+ claim to _! ?rone2 !y are to see ,engli% armies invad+ _! c\ntry1 de/roy+ _! cities & lay+ wa/e _! fields2 & !y are to he> ! great poet ( ,engl& *e]+ on ! invad] ) 8 gold5 eloqu5ce1 burd5+ 8 play ) we>isome spee*es to prove ! validity ( ! ,engli% claim to ! ?rone ( ,france1 & expla9+ to ,fr5*m5 t x is = _! own good t _! c\ntry is invad$ by a sup]ior race4 ,/rang] yet1 we %all f9d ,am]ican s*ol>s & critics enraptur$ ov] su* ,engli% imp]iali/ poetry6 ,i g to my local libr>y to see :at ! le>n$ g5try h to say on ?is subject1 & ! mo/ up-to-date ?+ ,i f9d is a book call$ 8,engli% ,hi/ory 9 ,%akespe>e's ,plays10 by a pr(essor ( a univ]sity 9 ,l\isiana4 ,he quotes ! passage 9 :i* ,h5ry ,v incites 8 troops to ! attack on ,h>fleur3 ,once m unto ! brea*1 de> fri5ds1 once m1 ,or close ! wall up ) our ,engli% dead4 ,says our s*ol>3 8,we are n[ greet$ by ! noble /ra92 a /ra9 unworn by con/ant quotation1 unhackney$ by trite allusions4 ,l ! spl5did h>monies ( a ma/]-musician x ?robs & ?rills u z we read1 9 spite ( ! declamations ( ! s*oolroom & ! p>s+ ex]cises ( *ildhood40 ,joan ( ,arc arose to inspire h] p to drive out ^! invad]s2 & ! ,engli% burn$ h] z a wit*4 ,a hundr$ & sixty ye>s _h pass$--surely "t en\gh = sob] second ?\ght1 surely "t = ,engl&'s national poet to d :at he c\ld to wipe ?is blot f 8 c\ntry's good "n4 ,b ! maid ( ,orleans _h to look else:]e = v9dication ?an to ,%akespe>e1 fri5d ( ! ri* & p[]ful1 :o nev] advocat$ an unpopul> cause 9 all 8 =ty plays4 ,he repres5ts ,joan accord+ to ! base/ ( ! prejudices ( 8 8gr\ndl+s02 a va91 boa/ful creature1 un*a/e1 & n d5y+ h] un*a/ity4 ,9 ! s]ies ( plays deal+ ) ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi comes a /ill m significant incid5t1 ! rebellion ( ,jack ,cade4 ,= ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! blood & treasure ( ! ,engli% p _h be5 wa/$ 9 ^! =eign w>s1 & incessant civil w>s ( rival e>ls & dukes & b>ons4 ,9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury !re 0 widespread di/ress1 & 9 ,k5t occurr$ an upris+2 a popul> lead] took ! city ( ,london1 & =c$ "s promises ( re=ms1 & 0 !n betray$ & kill$4 ,?is incid5t fell into ,%akespe>e's lap--an opportunity = delici\s g5tlemanly wit at ! exp5se ( ! exploit$ work]s4 8,be brave1 !n10 cries ,cade1 8= y\r capta9 is brave & v[s re=mation4 ,!re %all be 9 ,engl& sev5 half-p5ny loaves sold = a p5ny1 ! ?ree-hoop$ pot %all h t5 hoops1 & ,i w make x felony to dr9k small be]40 ,j z soon z ! ,cade ( ,%akespe>e gets p[] he sets himself up to be a nobleman1 & (f]s to /rike "o ( 8 foll[]s dead = fail+ to recognize 8 claim4 ,he addresses ,"l ,say1 "o ( ! p]sons aga9/ :om ! indignation ( ! p _h be5 r\s$3 ,?\ ha/ mo/ traitor\sly corrupt$ ! y\? ( ! realm 9 erect+ a gramm> s*ool2 & :]eas1 be=e1 our fa!rs _h no o!r book b ! score & ! tally1 ?\ ha/ caus$ pr9t+ to be us$2 & contr>y to ! k+1 8 cr[n & dignity1 ?\ ha/ erect$ a pap] mill4 ,x w be prov$ to ?y face t ?\ ha/ m5 ab\t !e t usually talk ( a n\n1 & a v]b1 & su* abom9able words z no ,*ri/ian e> c endure to he>4 ,su* is ! wit ( our g5tleman poet2 & :at is ! comm5t ( our ,l\isiana s*ol>8 ,he tells u3 8,?is savors ( mod]n times4444 ,! demagogue has ! ignorance ( 8 audi5ce on 8 side4 ,he has 9 behalf ( 8 appeals t sull5 jeal\sy ( ! masses :o are consci\s ( classes1 t is1 ( a ca/e above !m & m accompli%$40 ,to be sure1 ! ,l\isiana pr(essor admits t ,%akespe>e is "h h&l+ a great hi/oric sc5e 8flippantly02 b !n1 y see1 ! poet _h su* a good excuse6 ,he 0 8sorely 9 ne$ ( com$y = ! tragic drama ( #8,h5ry ,,vi'06 ,b ,i ask3 :y c\ld he n h made up "s com$y deal+ ) noble lords & g5tlem58 ,! answ] is3 ,x is a tradition ( ! leisure-class lit]ature ( ,engl& t ! suff]+s ( ! ri* & p[]ful are dignifi$ trag$y1 :ile ! suff]+s ( ! poor are 8comic relief40 ,! only way a poor p]son ( any sort c get ,%akespe>e to take him s]i\sly is by be+ a devot$ s]vant ( "s weal?y & p[]ful p]son2 = example1 ,old ,adam 9 8,z ,y ,l ,x10 a "p :i*1 accord+ to tradition1 0 play$ by ,%akespe>e himself4 ,b :5 ! common p try to d some?+ = !mselves1 !y are cl[ns & fools1 yokels & tav]n roy/]]s4 ,take ! com$y sc5es 9 8,midsumm] ,night's ,dream10 :5 work+ p actually attempt to give a play4 ,%akespe>e ?9ks t no idea c\ld be m absurd4 ,b n[adays work+ p give _m plays 9 ,engl&2 !re are radical !at] gr\ps produc+ a new dramatic lit]ature1 9 :i* x does n always happ5 t poor p are boobs1 :ile ladies & g5tlem5 are ref9$ & graci\s4 ,m significant yet1 ! desc5dants ( ^? ,jack ,cade rebels1 :om ,%akespe>e repres5ts z object+ to gramm> s*ools1 h by a c5tury-long /ruggle =c$ ! e/abli%m5t ( free s*ools = ! *ildr5 ( ! p 9 e corn] ( ,engl&4 ,!y h "s ?ree ?\s& bran*es ( ! ,work]s' ,education ,association1 9 :i* ! p le>n ab\t n\ns & v]bs at _! own exp5se4 ,0 ev] a national poet m /]nly rebuk$ by ! p ( 8 own nation8 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,x is "t = ,jack ,cade to make x felony to read ,%akespe>e40 8,no10 says ,ogi2 8we h to foll[ ! example ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ^: prie/s are all[$ to read prohibit$ books = purposes ( controv]sy4 ,b c]ta9ly x is "t = u to get cle> 9 our m9ds t ,%akespe>e is a poet & propag&i/ ( ! enemy2 = ! pres5t1 at any rate1 a burd5 ^u ! race m9d4 ,he is ! cr[n & glory ( ! sy/em ( class supremacy1 & a magic ^w us$ by e snob & e "t-s]v] 9 ! place ( /raight ?9k+ & ! reality ( life40 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii ,,praise ,,= ,,puritans ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,f ! title ( ?is *apt] ,i judge t we "h beg9 our long-anticipat$ debate ) ,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck560 8,no10 replies h] husb&1 8we %all hew to ! l9e ( ,john ,milton2 b ( c\rse1 if "o ( ! *ips happ5s to hit ,m5ck5 9 ! eye--0 8,he w let u "k10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,fir/ we h to h "s ( ! despis$ sociology4 ,we h to m5tion t human in/itutions arise1 & s]ve _! day1 & !n deg5]ate4 ,! %ell :i* at "o "t protects ! crab becomes an encumbrance & has to be split & ca/ (f4 ,! ,engli% mon>*y once s]v$ to break ! p[] ( ! rebelli\s nobles1 & to give ! c\ntry unity2 b n[ came ,p>liam5t1 pu%+ ! k+s aside4 ,! p :o br\ght ab\t t *ange 7 ! ,puritans3 & = a c5tury !y repres5t$ su* fre$om ( consci5ce & fre$om ( intellect z ,engl& _h4 ,incid5tally1 !y settl$ ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 cle>$ out ! savages1 & made a civilization4 ,we owe !m m ?an we owe to any o!r s+le gr\p2 & if n[adays we id5tify ,puritanism ) ! ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,vice1 we %all be j z n>r[ & z bigot$ z ,an?ony ,com/ock himself40 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,!re goes a *ip /raight = ,m5ck5's eye60 ,! society 9 :i* ,john ,milton grew up 0 v mu* l ! ,h>d+-,coolidge era :i* we "k4 ,!re 0 ! same raffi% crew 9 control ( gov]nm5t1 sell+ ev]y?+ 9 sight1 & trampl+ civil rights4 ,m5 7 ?r[n :olesale into prison1 !y 7 beat5 & tortur$ = _! op9ions' sake4 ,a small h&ful /ood out1 & suff]$ m>tyrdom2 !y appeal$ to ! public1 & ! public seem$ dead & indiff]5t--exactly z x seems today4 ,john ,milton _h a =tunate & happy y\?4 ,8 fa!r 0 prosp]\s1 & gave 8 son ! be/ guidance & education4 ,at ,*ri/'s ,college !y call$ ! boy 8! lady10 because he 0 beautiful & ref9$4 ,he return$ to 8 fa!r's home to live a life ( quiet /udy1 & to write poems ( imp]i%able beauty4 ,if 8art = art's sake0 deg5]ates c>e to "k h[ poetry c h all ! graces & s5su\s *>ms1 & /ill be clean1 !y are ref]r$ to ^! e>ly poems ( ! "y ,engli% ,puritan4 ,x is wor? :ile to po9t out explicitly h[ little 8 cre$ meant n>r[ness & contempt = art4 ,all t came lat]1 z a result ( ! civil w>4 ,b ,milton 9 8 y\? acquir$ all ! culture ( 8 "t2 he 0 a ?or\gh-go+ humani/1 p]sonally graceful & attractive2 he travel$ 9 ,italy & met ! lead+ m5 ( 8 age1 includ+ ! old bl9d ,galileo1 :o _h be5 =c$ "u ?reat ( torture to recant 8 belief t ! e>? moves ar\nd ! sun4 ,! ef=ts ( ! mo/ ,ca?olic ,k+ ,*>les ,i to break ! p>liam5t ( ,engl& br\ght ,milton home f ,italy4 ,! p>liam5t resi/$1 & civil w> broke out1 & he put aside 8 poetry & tea*+1 & plung$ into ! "w ( sav+ free gov]nm5t4 ,ev5 today we f9d leisure-class critics bewail+ ! fact t a great poet %\ld h wa/$ himself 9 a political c>e]4 ,b ,i v5ture ! op9ion t ,john ,milton has giv5 u m great poetry ?an we take "t to appreciate2 & x 0 wor? :ile also to give u a life1 & demon/rate t a poet c be a man4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ,john ,milton 0 ! _w voice ( ! ,republican cause4 ,9 ord] to def5d x he made himself ma/] ( ! f9e/ ,engli% prose /yle kn[n up to t "t4 ,he def5d$ 8 cause also 9 ,lat91 9 ,fr5*1 & 9 ,italian2 he def5d$ x s well t x n[ prevails ov] mo/ ( ! _w1 & s we fail to realize :at x seem$ 9 ! poet's day4 ,! p>liam5t>y army met ! k+ 9 battle1 & took him prison]1 held him = ?ree ye>s1 & !n1 because ( 8 inf9ite & incurable trea*]y1 tri$ him & cut (f 8 head4 ,to ! or?odox respectability ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ?is 0 ! mo/ horrible ?+ t _h happ5$ s9ce ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/4 ,y "k h[ ,bol%eviks & ,sociali/s are reput$ to practice free love1 & worse yet1 to prea* x4 ,john ,milton 0 t k9d ( wick$ p]son1 also4 ,he m>ri$ a giddy "y ,royali/ wife1 & %e left him2 :]eupon he wrote two pamphlets 9 favor ( divorce4 ,:5 he c\ld n get p]mission to pr9t su* diabolical docum5ts1 he pr9t$ !m )\t lic5se2 & :5 he 0 attack$ = ?is1 he publi%$ ano!r pamphlet1 ma9ta9+ ! un?9kable !ory t m5 %\ld be free to pr9t :at !y pleas$4 ,i h se51 )9 a few miles ( my own home1 book/ores & pr9t+ (fices raid$1 & _! cont5ts sma%$ & burn$1 bo? by mobs & by (fic]s ( ! law2 ,i h se5 "o ( my fri5ds f9$ ?irty ?\s& doll>s = publi%+ a book 9 favor ( ! atroci\s idea t human be+s %\ld n %$ "o ano!r's blood2 s ,i believe t ,i c und]/& h[ ?is ,puritan poet 0 reg>d$ by ! cultur$ _w ( 8 "t4 ,he 0 a grim fight]4 ,x 0 ! fa%ion 9 ^? days to abuse y\r oppon5ts1 & ,milton gave z good z he got4 ,p :o ?9k t ,upton ,s9clair is too p]sonal 9 8 controv]sial writ+-- 8,won't ?9k x any ! less because he comp>es himself ) ,milton60 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,g on ) y\r /ory40 ,s h] husb& conf9es 8 /atem5t to ! fact t ,milton nev] engag$ 9 a fight except = human lib]ty4 ,at ! crisis ( 8 c\ntry's p]il he 0 told he _h abus$ 8 eyes1 & t if he did n re/ !m1 he w\ld g bl9d4 ,he wrote ano!r pamphlet 9 def5se ( 8 cause1 ?us delib]ately sacrific+ 8 sight 9 ! ef=t to save ! republican gov]nm5t4 ,! sacrifice 0 9 va91 = ,cromwell di$1 & ! gov]nm5t w5t to pieces1 & ! raffi% r\t came back2 8bonnie ,pr9ce ,*>lie10 le*]\s1 trea*]\s & vile1 ) all 8 h]d ( noble plund]]s4 ,john ,milton1 =eign secret>y out ( a job1 w5t into hid+1 & 8 books 7 burn$ by ! public hangman2 lat] he 0 arre/$ & f9$--!y w\ld h lik$ to h ! hangman deal ) him also1 b did n q d>e4 ,h[ev]1 he lo/ mo/ ( 8 prop]ty2 & !re he 01 old1 bl9d & helpless--8 v daught]s caught ! _s ( ! new "t1 & /ole 8 books & sold !m to gratify _! own desires4 ,t is :at happ5s to m5 :o consecrate _! art to a cause2 & someh[ !y h to rise above su* circum/ances1 ma9ta9 ! supremacy ( ! human _s1 8& ju/ify ! ways ( ,god to man40 ,! psy*oanaly/s h made u famili> ) ! ^w 8sublimation40 ,)\t ev] he>+ ! ^w1 ,john ,milton proce$$ to sublimate 8 suff]+s & 8 balk$ hopes into "o ( ! greate/ ( ! _w's poems4 ,! fir/ po9t to get cle> ab\t ?is poem is t x 0 a piece ( propag&a1 pure & simple1 delib]ately s made4 ,beauty & culture & *>m--^! ?+s ,john ,milton _h kn[n1 & 9 8 bitt] old age he did n =get !m2 b ! task to :i* he n[ set himself 0 ! same task z ,dante's to expla9 ! univ]se & its div9e gov]nance4 ,! epic ( ,engli% ,puritanism has nev] won its due recognition abroad2 ! ,cont95tal critics h giv5 pref]5ce to ,byron1 :o 0 also a rebel1 b a man ( ! _w1 a lov]1 & a "l4 ,alb]t ,mordell ( c\rse includes 8,p>adise ,lo/0 among 8 8wan+ classics02 he has an easy "t po9t+ out ! absurdities ( its !ology1 & argues t ! int]e/ ( ! poem is b\nd up ) ^!4 ,= my "p ,i say ab\t x :at ,i said ab\t ,dante2 "s ( its propag&a is out ( date1 & "s ( x w be out ( date :5 m5 cease to consecrate _! lives to ends great] ?an !mselves4 ,x is int]e/+ to note h[ ! _s ( ,milton broke ! fett]s ( 8 !ology4 ,accord+ to t !ology ,satan 0 ! fa!r ( evil1 & !re 0 no excuse = him2 he _h rebell$ aga9/ a heav5ly k+ :o 0 all-wise & all-good4 ,b ,milton also _h rebell$ aga9/ a k+1 & c\ld n =get ! feel+2 he p\r$ 8 own revolt into ! spee*es ( ,satan1 mak+ him ! mo/ int]e/+ "* 9 ! poem4 ,if y live 9 ,new ,york or visit !re1 y may see 9 ! public libr>y a pa9t+ ( ,milton z he sat 9 8 home1 dictat+ 8,p>adise ,lo/40 ,we h a description f ! p5 ( a visitor2 x 0 a poor little h\se1 ) only "o room to ! floor1 & ! poet sat 9 a *air1 9 a ru/y black suit1 old & bl9d1 pale & torm5t$ ) rheumatism4 ,t5 p\nds he got = ,engl&'s great epic1 & ?irte5 hundr$ copies ( x 7 sold dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,yet 8 _s nev] wav]$1 & he liv$ to write 8,samson ,agoni/es10 a drama 9 ! ,greek /yle1 neglect$ by ! critics4 ,z a rule !re is no?+ m futile ?an imitations ( outworn art =ms2 b once 9 a :ile x happ5s t a man lives ! old life1 & c write 9 ! old mann]4 ,milton writes a ,greek drama ab\t a ,jewi% /rong man--& x turns out to be a picture ( ! poet's own s\l at bay6 ,hav+ prais$ ,milton highly 9 ?is *apt]1 ,i recall my op5+ /atem5t z to ! sup]iority ( pres5t-day te*nique4 ,y w expect me to ju/ify ?is1 & an int]e/+ opportunity pres5ts itself "h4 ,9 #afee occurr$ a massacre ( ,swiss ,prote/ants by ,italian ,ca?olics "u ! ,duke ( ,savoy4 ,milton1 be+ !n 9 (fice z =eign secret>y1 wrote a sonnet voic+ 8 indignation4 ,x is rat$ by critics z "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% sonnets4 ,= y\r conv5i5ce ,i quote x3 ,,on ,,! ,,late ,,massacre ,,9 ,,pi$mont ,av5ge1 ,o ,"l6 ?y slaught]'d ,sa9ts1 ^: bones ,lie scatt]'d on ! ,alp9e m\nta9s cold2 ,ev5 !m :o kept ,?y tru? s pure ( old ,:5 all our fa!rs wor%ipt /ocks & /ones4 ,=get n3 ,9 ,?y book record _! groans ,:o 7 ,?y %eep1 & 9 _! anci5t fold ,sla9 by ! bloody ,pi$montese1 t roll'd ,"m ) infant d[n ! rocks4 ,_! moans ,! vales r$\bl$ to ! hills1 & !y ,to ,heav54 ,_! m>tyr'd blood & a%es s[ ,o'er all ! ,italian field1 :]e /ill do? sway ,! triple ,tyrant1 t f ^! may gr[ ,a hundr$-fold1 :o1 hav+ le>nt ,?y way1 ,e>ly may fly ! ,babylonian woe4 ,francis ,turn] ,palgrave1 nam$ by ,t5nyson z ! be/ judge ( poetry ( 8 "t1 says 9 ! notes to 8 8,gold5 ,treasury03 8?is #8collect 9 v]se1' z x has be5 ju/ly call$1 is ! mo/ mighty ,sonnet 9 any language kn[n to ! ,editor40 ,s y see1 we are sett+ a high /&>d4 ,:at mod]n "w %all we comp>e ) x8 ,9 ! ye> #aiad !re occurr$ 9 ,colorado1 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s cold1 ! 8,ludl[ massacre0 ( ! wives & *ildr5 ( m9]s on /rike4 ,x caus$ a demon/ration 9 front ( ! (fice ( ,john ,d4 ,rockefell]1 ,jr41 at #bf ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 ab\t :i* y may read 9 8,! ,brass ,*eck40 ,a "y poet :o happ5$ at t "t to be my secret>y1 & :o has s9ce made a success z a noveli/1 0 mov$ by ^! ev5ts to write a sonnet1 :i* ,i s5t to ! ,scripps newspap]s1 gett+ = ! poet ! unprec$5t$ sum ( tw5ty-five doll>s4 ,i n[ quote ! sonnet1 & invite y to /udy ! two1 comp>+ !m by all te/s ( poetry kn[n to y4 ,i give my own op9ion3 t 9 _! propag&a impulse ^! two sonnets are id5tical2 t 9 simplicity1 directness1 & f]vor ( feel+ !y are z ne>ly id5tical z two art works c be2 & t 9 te*nical skill ! mod]n "w is sup]ior4 ,,to ,a ,,c]ta9 ,,ri* ,,"y ,,rul] ,by ,clem5t ,wood ,:ite-f+]$ "l ( murd]\s ev5ts1 ,well are y gu>d+ :at y\r fa!r ga9$2 ,) tor* & rifle y h well ma9ta9$ ,! lot to :i* a heav5ly provid5ce ,has call$ y2 labor]s ris5 9 def5se ,( lib]ty & life1 lie *>r$ & bra9$ ,ab\t y\r m9es1 ^: gutt$ hills are /a9$ ,) slaught] ( ^! new] innoc5ts4 ,ah1 b y\r bloody f+]s cl5*$ 9 pray]6 ,y\r piety1 :i* all ! _w has se56 ,! godly odor spread+ ?r\gh ! air ,f y\r effici5t *>ity ma*9e6 ,?us y rehe>se = y\r high rle up !re1 ,rul+ beside ! l[ly ,naz>5e6 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii ,,comrade',s ,,progress ,!re is ano!r arti/ ( ,engli% ,puritanism we mu/ n ov]look4 ,we %all h no tr\ble 9 prov+ ?is "o a propag&i/2 s obvi\sly 0 he prea*+1 t ! critics ( 8 own "t ov]look$ him entirely4 ,! elegant m5 ( lett]s ( ! ,re/oration p]iod1 gossip+ 9 _! c(fee h\ses1 dic+ 9 _! tav]ns1 & c>ry+ on _! fa%ionable intrigues1 w\ld h be5 mov$ to witty c\plets by ! notion t an ignorant t9k]1 a /reet-corn] tub-?ump] lock$ up 9 ,b$=d gaol1 0 engag$ 9 compos+ "o ( ! immortal classics ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,z soon might y attempt to tell "o ( ! clev] 8colyumni/s0 ( ! ,new ,york newspap]s1 /ump+ 8 la/ cig>ette 9 8 c(fee sauc] at lun*eon 9 ! ,algonqu91 t an immortal classic ( ,am]ican lit]ature 0 runn+ s]ially 9 ! 8,appeal to ,reason0 or ! 8,daily ,work]40 ,john ,bunyan came f ! l[e/ ranks ( ! p1 ^? same l\ts & cl[ns :om ,%akespe>e delight$ to ridicule4 ,& he 0 q z ridicul\s z ,%akespe>e c\ld h wi%$ him2 he saw visions1 & 0 pursu$ by devils1 & ru%$ out onto ! /reet to save ! s\ls ( p z ignorant & unimportant z himself4 ,"u ! laws ( ,engl& ! sav+ ( s\ls 0 a privilege res]v$ to ! y\ng] sons ( ! g5try1 :o got 8liv+s0 out ( x2 s ,john ,bunyan 0 p]secut$1 precisely z ignorant & unimportant ,i4 ,w4 ,w4 are p]secut$ 9 my neighborhood today4 ,& he behav$ exactly z ! ,i4 ,w4 ,w4 behave2 t is1 he /ubbornly decl9$ to *ange 8 op9ions1 or to cease proclaim+ !m on ! /reets4 ,s5t to prison1 he did :at a numb] ( ! ,i4 ,w4 ,w4 did 9 ,leav5wor?2 despite ! fact t he _h a pregnant wife & f\r small *ildr51 "o ( !m bl9d1 he refus$ to give a purely =mal promise to behave himself4 ,?is caus$ extreme emb>rassm5t to humane magi/rates1 :o didn't want to be h>d on a poor crack-bra91 b 7 sworn to uphold ! maje/y ( ! law4 ,s = twelve ye>s ,john ,bunyan /ay$ 9 jail & wrote 8,pilgrim's ,progress40 ,n[ my fri5d1 ,alb]t ,mordell1 includes x among 8 8wan+ classics40 ,he says3 8,! /ory t *ildr5 delight 9 ! book & read x ?r\gh is my?ical2 _m *ildr5 try to read x b usually drop x40 ,well1 x s happ5$ t :5 ,i read ^? words1 ,i _h be5 mak+ a te/ on a t5-ye>-old boy1 my own4 ,we us$ to read x al\d1 sitt+ 9 front ( ! fireplace on w9t] ev5+s2 & ( all ! books we read1 none creat$ su* excitem5t4 ,x 0 difficult to keep on read+1 because ( ! /ream ( que/ions3 8,:at does t mean1 ,papa80 ,y see1 allegories1 :i* bore u adults1 are fasc9at+ to ! *ild m9d4 ,su* a wond]ful idea1 :5 y fir/ ?9k ( x--to embody moral qualities 9 liv+ be+s1 & give !m names1 & s5d !m walk+ out ov] ! e>?1 to engage 9 adv5tures & cont5d ) ea* o!r6 ,to see ! e-day problems ( y\r own conduct unroll$ be=e y 9 ! =m ( a /ory6 ,my "y fri5ds ( ! radical intellig5tsia1 :o us$ to live 9 ,gre5wi* ,village1 b h n[ mov$ to ,croton & ,prov9cet[n & ,/elton to get away f ! bally-hoo wagons1 h be5 call+ me a ,puritan ev] s9ce !y knew me2 & n[ !y w smile a patroniz+ smile1 he>+ me endorse ?is old-fa%ion$ ,sunday s*ool /ory4 ,i c only record my conviction1 t "o does n escape ! ne$ ( p]sonal morality by esp\s+ prolet>ian revolution4 ,ev5 aft] ! revolution1 !re w be moral /ruggles f\ght out 9 ! he>ts ( m5 & wom54 ,i realize t morality is de/9$ to become a sci5ce1 & t by ! /udy ( psy*ology we %all aboli% _m problems ( conduct2 nev]!less1 life w /ill require ef=t--!re w rema9 ! "q ( :e!r to /udy or n to /udy1 & :y6 ,i sugge/ to my "y radical fri5ds t !y amuse an idle h\r by apply+ 8,pilgrim's ,progress0 to ! great movem5t ( our day4 ,in/ead ( ,*ri/ian1 read ,comrade2 in/ead ( ,*ri/ian's burd51 read a soap-box4 ,y c always f9d "s y\ng/] to s]ve z travel+ companion "u ! "n ( ,hopeful4 ,& v soon 9 y\r j\rney y w ent] ! ,valley ( ,humiliation2 v soon y w beg9 to meet ,mr4 ,money-,love & ,mr4 ,pliable2 also ,mr4 ,talkative w come 9 sw>ms to y\r /udio p>ties4 ,& ,by-,ends--he works beside y 9 e (fice2 ! fell[ :o takes c>e ( himself & does n believe 9 go+ to extremes4 ,& ,mr4 ,worldly-,wiseman--p]haps y h a ri* uncle :o w s]ve2 y c see him sitt+ 9 ! padd$ lea!r *airs ( any club4 ,& :5 ,comrade's ,pilgrimage br+s him to ,new ,york1 he w see ,vanity ,fair1 flaunt+ its glories up & d[n ! av5ue1 protect$ by plate glass4 ,& ! fi5d ,appolyon--we h _h two attorney-g5]als exactly cut = ! rle4 ,if y ?9k t a joke1 x means t y h be5 play+ ! "p ( ,mr4 ,fac+ ,bo?-ways dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 & d n "k ab\t ! realities ( gov]nm5t by gunm54 ,! =ms ( ?+s *ange1 b ! inn] ess5ce rema9s ! same1 & y mu/ le>n to recognize x4 ,! ,sl\gh ( ,despond1 = example1 is discov]$ 9 ! bottom ( ! c(fee-cups 9 :i* ,gre5wi* ,village n[ gets its bootleg g94 ,z = ! ,giant ,despair--a s+ul> trans=mation6--he is a pale-color$ microscopic organism ( cork-screw %ape1 lurk+ 9 ! delici\s intrigues ( our gay & saucy "y folks4 ,z = ! ,int]pret]'s ,h\se1 x is out ( repair j n[1 hav+ be5 hit by ,h-,e %ells 9 #aiag4 ,z = ! ,cele/ial ,city1 :i* we old fogies us$ to vision "u ! "n ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?--! "y p won't let u m5tion x any m2 !y tell u t propag&a is out ( /yle1 9 ^! days ( pett+-p>ties & hip-pocket flasks4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxix ,,vanity ,,fair ,we h be5 keep+ l[ company = s long t ! read] may be wond]+3 ,7 !re no writ]s = ladies & g5tlem5 9 ! "t ( ,milton & ,bunyan8 ,! answ] is1 yes2 & we %\ld pay a brief visit to t ,vanity ,fair :i* ,bunyan saw ?r\gh ! b>s ( 8 prison4 ,!re 0 a poet laureate1 :o did n g to prison b became ! idol ( 8 age1 & ! mo/ prosp]\s writ] up to t "t4 ,john ,dryd5 0 8 "n1 & l ,milton1 he 0 born ( a well-to-d ,puritan family1 & receiv$ ! be/ education go+4 ,he 0 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s old :5 ,cromwell di$1 & he wrote h]oic /anzas on ! ,"l ,protector4 ,he atta*$ himself to 8 c\s91 an (ficial ( ! ,puritan republic1 expect+ advancem5t2 b he did n get x1 s two ye>s lat]1 :5 ! 8bonnie ,pr9ce ,*>lie0 came back to be cr[n$1 ! "y poet welcom$ him ) a panegyric ode1 sev]al pages ( ec/atic complim5t-- ,h[ %all ,i speak ( t triumphant day ,:5 y r5ew$ ! expir+ pomp ( ,may8 ,a mon? t owns an int]e/ 9 y\r "n1 ,y & ! fl[]s are its peculi> claim4 ,i am foll[+ ! life ( ,dryd5 by ,pr(essor ,sa9tsbury1 an em95t s*ol> ( ! ,tory way ( ?\ght1 :o has j immortaliz$ himself by publi%+ a :ole volume devot$ to ! lit]ature ( alcoholic liquor4 ,?is pr(essor says ev]y?+ t c be said 9 def5se ( ,dryd51 b ! be/ he c say ab\t ?is 8,a/ra ,r$ux0 is t 9 ord] to appreciate its beauties1 y mu/ =get ! facts ab\t ! 8bonnie ,pr9ce ,*>lie0 & 8 reign4 ,! pr(essor li/s a few ( ! facts y mu/ =get3 8! treaty ( ,dov] & ! clos$ ex*equ]1 ,madam ,c>well's twelve ?\s& a ye> & ,"l ,russell's scaffold40 ,t is ! way to read lit]ature "u ! guidance ( a leisure-class critic6 ,z we us$ to say :5 we 7 *ildr53 8,op5 y\r m\? & %ut y\r eyes1 & ,i'll give y some?+ to make y wise60 ,! elegant lit]ature ( t "t 0 describ$ by ! t]m 8metaphysical10 :i* meant t ! poet exhau/$ 8 imag9ation 9 inv5t+ qua9t & />tl+ conceits4 ,= example1 "o ( ,dryd5's noble patrons contract$ smallpox1 & ! poet1 describ+ 8 appe>ance1 records t ,ea* little dimple _h a te> 9 x1 ,to wail ! fault its ris+ did commit4 ,by su* p]sonal att5tion to ! ri* & p[]ful ,john ,dryd5 became ! greate/ poet ( 8 c5tury1 & m>ri$ ! daught] ( an e>l4 ,he took to writ+ h]oic plays 9 ! /yle ( 8 "t1 su* prepo/]\s bomba/ t if ,i 7 to tell y ab\t !m y w\ld ?9k ,i 0 mak+ !m up4 ,!n he wrote society com$ies1 also 9 ! /yle ( 8 "t1 :i* 0 su* high-ton$ sex na/9ess t if ,i 7 to write x today ,i %\ld be tak5 up by ! ,%ub]ts & ! ,laskys1 & paid z mu* z ,cecil de ,mille & ,rob]t ,w4 ,*amb]s & ,el9or ,glyn roll$ into "o4 ,! 8,re/oration com$ies0 7 mu* ! same ?+ z our 8b$room f>ces10 except t !y 7 long drawn out2 ! sev5te5? c5tury audi5ce 0 satisfi$ to li/5 to sm>t p gossip+ ab\t _! vices1 :ile our audi5ce wants to see ! sm>t p climb+ ?r\gh ! transom 9 _! pajamas4 ,also1 ! old com$ies are difficult = u to und]/&1 because ! language ( polite obsc5ity *anges f age to age1 & we don't always "k :at ,dryd5 & ,congreve & ,wy*]ley are talk+ ab\t4 ,b we ne$ n rack our bra9s2 we may be sure t all _! witticisms h ref]5ce to =nication & adult]y4 ,!re 0 no o!r occupation = ^! 8re/or$0 ladies & g5tlem5--except gambl+ & eat+ & dr9k+1 & *eat+ & ly+ 9 ord] to get ! money to pay = _! elegant pleasures4 ,dryd5 ga9$ by ?is writ+ an income ( a c\ple ( ?\s& p\nds a ye>1 :i* 0 ! top-not* = a lit]>y fell[ 9 ,engl&4 ,also he became poet laureate1 & an intimate ( ! k+2 9 %ort1 he rea*$ ! heights4 ,b alas1 greatness has its p5alties1 z ! poet soon discov]$1 caught 9 ! poison\s intrigues ( a vile c\rt4 ,he 0 accus$ ( hav+ writt5 a sl&]\s poem1 & "o ( 8 noble enemies hir$ "s bullies to beat him up "o night4 ,also1 a muck-rak+ p>son by ! "n ( ,j]emy ,colli] came along & la%$ him 9 a book entitl$ 8,a ,%ort ,view ( ! ,pr(an5ess & ,immorality ( ! ,engli% ,/age40 ,to all 8 o!r lit]>y & political enemies ! poet %[$ himself a voluble antagoni/2 b to ! ,rev]5d ,j]emy he _h no?+ to answ]4 ,he began1 app>5tly1 to realize ! s]i\sness ( life1 & took to writ+ propag&a = 8 gang4 ,he produc$ a s]ies ( political tracts1 satirical & didactic v]ses ^u :i* he exp5d$ great te*nical skill4 ,pr(essor ,sa9tsbury po9ts out ^! lit]>y beauties2 b aga9 he specifies3 9 appreciat+ !m1 ! read] has to be> 9 m9d t :at ,dryd5 prov$ today he may h disprov$ ye/]day1 & he may prove some?+ diff]5t tomorr[4 ,lack+ ?is acrobatic ability1 ,i c only record my op9ion1 t ^! mo/ fam\s v]ses are sn>l+ & odi\s qu>rels1 ( exactly z mu* importance to mank9d z ! yelps 9 a dog-fight4 ,"o ( !m 0 a poem full ( enraptur$ praise = ! ,anglican *ur*4 ,! poet at ?is "t 0 li/$ = a sal>y ( a hundr$ p\nds a ye> z poet laureate2 b ! sal>y 0 badly 9 arre>s1 & somebody mu/ h po9t$ out to him t 8 new sov]eign1 ,k+ ,james ,,ii1 0 an ard5t ,ca?olic4 ,s ! poet became conv]t$ to ,ca?olicism1 & wrote an equally enraptur$ poem 9 praise ( t4 ,b1 alas6 x 0 a bad guess2 %ortly aft]w>ds ,8 ,mo/ ,ca?olic ,maje/y 0 kick$ out ( ,engl&1 & ,william ( ,orange 0 br\ght ov]1 & ! c\ntry 0 ,prote/ant aga94 ,?is 0 ! p]iod :5 ! ,vic> ( ,bray _h su* a h>d "t hold+ 8 job2 & our c\rt poet also suff]$1 los+ mo/ ( 8 p]quisites1 & hav+ to g to "w aga94 ,he 0 an old man n[1 & decid$ to play safe2 he made a v]se translation ( ,virgil1 = :i* nobody c\ld scold him4 ,nobody did1 & he di$ full ( honors1 & _h a 8suffici5tly spl5did fun]al0 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 8) a great procession1 prec$$ at ! ,college by a ,lat9 oration1 & by ! s++ ( ,exegi ,monum5tum to music40 ,& s1 if y l t sort ( ?+1 !re y h :at y l2 & if y h ,dryd5's tal5ts1 & are will+ to sell !m to ! rul+ classes1 ,i c drive y ov] to ,hollywood any day1 & introduce y to ! fell[s :o w />t y (f at tw5ty ?\s& a ye>1 & raise y to two hundr$ ?\s& z soon z y h begun to deliv] ! goods4 ,,*apt] ,,xl ,,glory ,,propag&a ,9 ord] to make a consecutive /ory we h foll[$ ! developm5t ( ,engli% art = a c5tury & a half4 ,we n[ g back to cov] ! same p]iod on ! ,cont95t1 :]e a new rul+ class has acquir$ weal? & p[] & has ord]$ a supply ( new arti/s4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,france & ,engl& dur+ ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies may be summ$ up briefly4 ,! ,engli% revolt aga9/ ! ,ca?olic ma*9e 0 successful1 !re=e ! _s ( ! ,engli% race exp&$1 & new art =ms 7 creat$4 ,9 ,france1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,ca?olic ma*9e succe$$ 9 cru%+ ! ,prote/ants2 some?+ ov] fifty ?\s& 7 slaught]$ on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,eve2 & !re=e ! art ( ,france 0 held )9 ! mold ( ! classical tradition4 ,! ,elizabe?an drama grew out ( ! old miracle & my/]y plays1 a native product1 crude1 b popul> & democratic4 ,!re exi/$ su* a native drama also 9 ,france2 b x 0 scorn$ & repress$ by au?ority1 & cultur$ art foll[$ ! trag$ies ( ,s5eca1 a ,roman millionaire ( ! "t ( ,n]o1 :o _h ( c\rse d]iv$ f ! ,greeks4 ,x may seem /range t ,ca?olic absolutism %\ld h made ,greek & ,lat9 art =ms a "p ( its sacr$ dogma2 b s x 04 ,! doctors ( ! *ur* 9 ! ,middle ,ages _h put toge!r a !ology1 9 "p f ! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 & 9 "p f ,a!nian & ,alex&rian philosoph]s4 ,x 0 = d5y+ ,ptolemy's doctr9e t ! sun mov$ r\nd ! e>? t ,galileo 0 =c$ to recant "u ?reat ( torture by ! pope2 & x 0 = d5y+ ! sacr$ 8?ree unities10 d]iv$ f ,ari/otle's 8,poetics10 t playwrights 7 critically tortur$ by ! prie/s ( or?odox culture4 ,^! ?ree dogmas ( play-writ+ 7 unity ( !me1 unity ( "t1 & unity ( place4 ,! fir/ is1 )9 reasonable limits1 a natural requirem5t ( any "w ( art2 b unity ( "t1 mean+ t ! play mu/ happ5 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & unity ( place1 mean+ t x mu/ happ5 on "o physical spot1 are absurdities4 ,x is h>d = u to realize t su* rules 7 compulsory ^u any dramati/ :o wi%$ to see 8 "w ^u ! /age2 x is h>d] yet = u to realize t su* rules 7 us$ z weapons 9 ! class /ruggle1 along ) ! infallibility ( ! pope & ! div9e "r ( k+s4 ,!re arose 9 ,france a prelate ( ! grim & bloody k9d1 :o became ! k+'s m9i/]1 & direct$ ! slaught]+ ( ! ,hugu5ots1 & *opp$ (f ! heads ( ! rebelli\s nobles2 he ev5 =c$ ! *ur* to submit itself1 & made 8 k+ ! absolute rul] ( ,france1 s t a ye> aft] ,ri*elieu's dea? x 0 possible = ! k+'s son to asc5d ! ?rone1 & to say1 8,i am ! ,/ate10 & h no "o dispute him ?r\gh 8 reign ( sev5ty-two ye>s4 ,"o ( ! eng9es ( repression t ,ri*elieu devis$ 0 ! ,fr5* ,academy1 to take *>ge ( ! language & art ( ! mon>*y1 & impose law & ord] by *opp+ (f ! lit]>y heads ( all rebels4 ,?is ,academy became ! rul+ au?ority 9 cultur$ ,france1 & has fill$ t rle = ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,n m]ely has x s]v$ ! rul+ classes by ma9ta9+ tradition & discr$it+ e innovation 9 ,fr5* lett]s2 x has issu$ =mal pron\ncem5ts aga9/ unor?odox social & political books--= example1 ,r\sseau's 8,social ,contract40 ,a li/ ( ! ,fr5* m5 ( lett]s :o h be5 exclud$ f ! 8immortals0 includes ,desc>tes1 ,pascal1 ,molire1 ,sa9t-,simon1 ,le,sage1 ,r\sseau1 ,beaum>*ais1 ,did]ot1 ,compte1 ,pr\dhon1 ,/5dhal1 ,balzac1 ,flaub]t1 ,zola1 ,gonc\rt1 ,maupassant1 ,jaurs1 ,b>busse1 ,roll&4 ,! polite lit]ature :i* reign$ 9 ,ri*elieu's "t 0 kn[n z 8prcieuse10 & occupi$ itself 9 ! mak+ up ( elaborate long similes1 ext5d+ sometimes ?r\gh sev]al pages4 ,x 0 foppi% & fanta/ic to ! po9t ( imbecility2 & ! mak]s ( x 7 ! d>l+s ( ,ri*elieu's ,academy4 ,!re came up f ! prov9ces a "y lawy] by ! "n ( ,pi]re ,corneille1 :o began to write successful com$ies1 & receiv$ ! high honor ( be+ pick$ by ,ri*elieu z "o ( five m5 to write dramas "u 8 augu/ direction4 ,b ,corneille1 a man ( g5ius1 c\ld n long submit himself to ! head-*opp+ c>d9al4 ,he w5t 8 own way1 & incurr$ ! rag+ enmity ( bo? ,ri*elieu & 8 ,academy4 ,he wrote a trag$y 9 ,alex&r9e v]se call$ 8,! ,cid10 :i* 0 an enorm\s popul> success4 ,?is ,cid 0 a leg5d>y h]o ( ,spa91 a 8free capta90--t is1 ! head ( an army ( hir$ m]c5>ies1 :o w5t ab\t fight+ = anybody :o w\ld pay him4 ,we are us$ to ?is sy/em ( 8free capta9s0 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e !y are call$ private detective bureaus & /rike-break+ ag5cies4 ,!y h armies ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( fight+ m51 horse1 foot & artill]y1 :om !y move ab\t f place to place = ! cru%+ ( union labor4 ,s be=e long we %all see on ,broadway or 9 ,hollywood "s "y writ] mak+ a trem5d\s rul+-class drama out ( ! leg5d>y c>e] ( ,alan ,p9k]ton or ,william ,j4 ,burns4 ,! great detective w be %[n 9 love ) ! beautiful daught] ( "s labor lead]1 ! trag$y com+ :5 9 ! c\rse ( 8 duty ! great detective has to kill ! labor lead]4 ,t is ! /ory :i* ,corneille develop$--except t ( c\rse1 x 0 a rival pr9ce :om ! ,cid 0 fight+4 ,ne$less to say1 9 ord] n to h 8 head *opp$ (f by ,ri*elieu1 ! playwright put 8 h]o 9 ! position ( def5d+ legitimacy4 ,b ! poet _h fail$ to respect ! 8?ree unities0 9 8 trag$y2 s1 al?\gh acclaim$ by audi5ces1 he 0 vici\sly attack$ by ! academicians--"o ( !m ev5 *all5g$ him to a duel6 ,! ,academy z a body 0 afraid to attack ! play1 b ,ri*elieu =c$ x to take action4 ,corneille 0 n /rong en\gh to )/& opposition su* z ?is2 9 8 future "w he con=m$ to ! rules1 & became a humble p5sion] ( ! c>d9al4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 8 g5ius began quickly to decl9e1 & he _h ! humiliation ( liv+ to old age & see+ himself scorn$ & neglect$ by ! new g5]ation4 ,?us ,ri*elieu's ,academy fulfill$ at ! outset its function1 de/roy+ ! greate/ tragic dramati/ t ,france _h produc$1 & suppress+ = two hundr$ ye>s ! romantic movem5t 9 ! ,fr5* !at]4 ,x is important to get cle> ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! real classical art ( ! ,greeks1 & ?is imitation classical art ( ,fr5* absolutism4 ,! ,greek /age rules _h be5 made to fit ! facts ( ! ,greek /age4 ,_! trag$ies _h be5 enact$ 9 a l>ge op5-air !at]1 & to keep ! actors f look+ too small !y _h worn high %oes1 almo/ /ilts1 & _h %\t$ to ! audi5ce ?r\gh a megaphone disguis$ z a mask4 ,ne$less to say1 !y c\ld n move quickly1 & c\ld n d any?+ b talk4 ,_! t5d5cy 0 to talk at great l5g?--l mighty %ips1 :i*1 hav+ got "u way1 7 n easily to be /opp$4 ,b 9 ! "t ( ,corneille & 8 successors all t 0 gone2 plays 7 act$ 9 small1 indoor !at]s1 & ! *>act]s might h be5 human & real4 ,b ! critical au?orities orda9$ t ! ,greek conv5tions 7 sacr$2 s ! *>act]s ( ,corneille are /iff & /ately1 & /alk ab\t hurl+ long1 impassion$ tirades at "o ano!r4 ,nev]!less1 two ?\s& ye>s h n fail$ to make an impression ^u ! m9ds ( m54 ,! d>k1 ov]%ad[+ fate ( ! ,greeks is gone1 its place z director ( ev5ts be+ tak5 by human ambition4 ,corneille's *>act]s are embodim5ts ( ?is or t passion4 ,!y are1 ( c\rse1 always ari/ocrats1 ! mighty & p[]ful ( ! e>?2 !y are int5d$ to be morally sublime1 b to u !y seem mon/]s ( egotism4 ,!y want :at !y want :5 !y want x1 !y smite _! brea/s & exclaim3 8,moi6 ,moi6 ,moi60 ,!re is w>1 spl5did w>1 9 :i* !y ga9 ! admiration & att5tion kn[n z 8glory40 ,! trag$y comes because !y _c get all !y want2 !y h weaknesses1 especially love1 :i* get 9 ! way1 & p>alyze ! w ( mighty pr9ces engag$ 9 prevail+ ov] ea* o!r4 ,at ?is "t ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> 0 deva/at+ ,europe4 ,x _h begun z a religi\s w>1 an ef=t ( ,ca?olic ,au/ria to cru% ,g]man ,prote/antism2 b x _h n[ deg5]at$ into a cla% ( rival dyna/ies1 ) ,ri*elieu1 ma/] intrigu]1 us+ ! ,prote/ants to put d[n ! enemies ( ! ,fr5* mon>*y4 ,! "m ( ! ,fr5* k+ _h be5 an ,au/rian pr9cess1 ,ca!r9e de' ,m$ici1 & %e 0 intrigu+ aga9/ h] son's c\ntry4 ,%e _h be5 driv5 into exile by ,ri*elieu1 & 0 rais+ up armies aga9/ him2 s1 all ov] ,europe1 ! p 7 be+ l$ out to slaught] at ! :im ( ?is vici\s old woman4 ,!y 7 l$ out = "o gre$y pr9ce or ano!r2 !y 7 l$ out because ! mi/ress ( "s k+ _h be5 snubb$ by ! wife ( "s emp]or2 !y 7 l$ out = an endless tangle ( royal jeal\sies & noble spites4 ,& ! function ( ! dramas ( ,corneille is to take u into ! s\ls ( ^! lawless ari/ocrats2 all ! p[]s ( g5ius1 all ! res\rces ( ! /age are exp5d$ 9 ord] t we may %>e _! furies1 may /rut ! /age ) !m & deliv] tumultu\s tirades4 ,= a "t or two ! exp]i5ce is int]e/+2 b !n ! novelty we>s (f1 & we ask ourselves3 ,d ,i really c>e any?+ ab\t ^! h]oes8 ,d ,i want to %>e _! feel+s--or d ,i want to *ange ! _w1 s t !re may be no corn] :]e su* dang]\s & de/ructive creatures c lurk8 ,& s ends ! glory propag&a ( ,corneille4 ,,*apt] ,,xli ,,unbridl$ ,,desires ,l\is ,,xiv1 ! 8gr& mon>*10 asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ,france 9 ! ye> #afdc1 :ile ,cromwell's 8,ironsides0 7 fight+ _! k+1 & only six ye>s be=e !y cut (f 8 head4 ,a great] diff]5ce betwe5 two k+doms c\ld sc>cely be imag9$2 & ?is diff]5ce is completely reflect$ 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% art4 ,all ! life ( ,france 0 c5t]$ at ! c\rt4 ,! mon>* :o 0 8! ,/ate0 )drew himself f ,p>is1 & built a magnific5t play-gr\nd at ,v]sailles2 aqu$ucts 7 con/ruct$1 a b>r5 wa/e 0 turn$ into a pleasure-p>k1 :ole =e/s ( trees be+ mov$ & replant$4 ,great palaces arose2 ! ar*itects & l&scape g>d5]s1 ! sculptors & pa9t]s p\r$ out _! treasures1 to make ?is mo/ wond]ful g>d5 ( delight4 ,all ov] ! l& 0 a ru9$ peasantry2 mis]y1 />vation & ignorance1 fre$om cru%$1 ju/ice flaunt$1 sup]/ition & despotism en?ron$4 ,a nation 0 tax$ b>e to make ! beauty & glory & luxury ( ?is c\rt4 ,y might see ! 8gr& mon>*10 ) a huge p[d]$ p]iwig on top ( 8 head1 9 a co/ume ( crimson & :ite brocad$ ) gold1 advanc+ ) solemn /eps ^u r$-heel$ %oes1 & wield+ a gold5 snuff-box cov]$ ) jewels4 ,ab\t him flock ! c\rti]s1 great nobles & ecclesia/ics1 n[ depriv$ bo? ( _! p[]s & _! duties1 & ) no?+ to d b dance att5dance at c\rt4 ,"h also are ! sw>ms ( f9e ladies1 tra9$ 9 ! arts ( s$uction4 ,9 ! morn+ ! c\rt rides =? 9 enorm\s hunt+ p>ties1 pursu+ /ags import$ f all ov] ,europe4 ,!y sp5d ! aft]noons & ev5+s 9 fea/+1 gam+1 gossip+1 intrigu+4 ,& "h1 ( c\rse1 come ! arti/s2 poets & pa9t]s1 dramati/s & musicians1 danc+ ma/]s & juggl]s & mak]s ( ballets & masques4 ,! k+ :o said1 8,i am ! ,/ate10 might equally h said1 8,i am ,art40 ,he & 8 c\rt con/itut$ audi5ce & critics2 ei!r y pleas$ !m1 or z an arti/ y 7 dead4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! fam\s arti/s ( t "t all came f ! middle classes4 ,! great g5tlem5 scorn$ to "w at art1 z at any?+ else2 !y paid o!rs to "w = !m4 ,!y 7 exact+ payma/]s1 hav+ high /&>ds ( p]fection 9 te*nique1 & ! middle-class ,ogis slav$ dilig5tly to poli% & ref9e & beautify _! productions4 ,w> 0 f> (f f ?is spl5did c\rt1 an e*o ( tr\ble 9 ano!r _w2 s ! /]nness & sublimity ( ,corneille w5t out ( fa%ion4 ,love 0 no long] a temptation & a weakness1 b ! delight & glory ( ! 8great _w40 ,! s\rce ( human impulse 0 locat$ 9 :at ! poets ( ^? days call$ 8! he>t0--?\gh we1 by surgical inve/igations1 h asc]ta9$ t x is locat$ bel[ ! diaphragm4 ,!re came a new dramati/ to ?rill ?is amor\s company4 ,8 "n 0 ,jean ,rac9e1 & he also came f ! middle classes4 ,8 g5ius br\ght him in/ant success2 he wrote an ode to ! k+1 0 aw>d$ a p5sion ( six hundr$ livres1 & became an assidu\s & successful c\rti]4 ,he is1 l ,raphael1 ! p]fect type ( ! rul+-class arti/2 fitt+ exactly to 8 age1 ) no ideals bel[ x & none above x4 ,8 works repres5t p]fection ( te*nique1 ! ideal h>mony ( cont5t & =m1 ! ,art ( ,beauty z x _h n be5 se5 ^u ! /age s9ce ! "t ( ,sophocles4 ,until late 9 ,rac9e's life religion is purely =mal 9 8 "w2 8 plays deal ) ! pr9cely _w4 ,society is fix$1 & its =ms orda9$2 nobody is ris+ & displac+ anybody else1 h5ce !re c be no social drama4 ,y play y\r "p 89 t /ate ( life to :i* x has pleas$ ,god to call y02 & trag$y happ5s :5 somebody takes away f y ! sexual gratification y crave4 ,ev]y?+ has become p]sonal2 we are conc]n$ ) ! jeal\sies1 ! fe>s1 ! loves & hates ( ari/ocratic individuals4 ,! h]oes & h]o9es ab&on !mselves to _! passions1 !y p\r out floods ( exquisite emotion4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 8an ap>tm5t 9 a palace10 & murd]1 suicide1 insanity & despair lurk j outside ! door4 ,!y d n come ^u ! /age1 because ! classical tradition orda9s t viol5t actions happ5 (f ! /age1 & p ru% on & tell u ab\t !m4 ,we get ! e*oes ( horror 9 ! eyes & ! voices ( ^! p4 ,x is curi\s to comp>e ,rac9e's trag$ies ) ^? ( ,%akespe>e1 :i* jump y ab\t among a score or two ( places all ov] ! e>?1 & br+ on sw>ms ( *>act]s f e social class4 ,9 ,rac9e1 n m]ely are ! l[] classes exclud$ f ! /age1 ! l[] classes are exclud$ f exi/5ce4 ,?ree or f\r noble ladies & g5tlem5 /& 9 a room1 & come & g1 & make spee*es to "o ano!r 9 m>vel\sly poli%$ rhym$ c\plets4 ,!y address long soliloquies to ! air1 !y address imag9>y be+s1 ! heav5ly p[]s ( ,*ri/ian my?ology & ,roman & ,greek & ,turki% & ,celtic my?ology2 !y call e>? & sea & sky to witness ! inf9ite wick$ness & cruelty ( _! n be+ able to h :at !y want4 ,?is is ! height & p]fection ( art1 accord+ to ! mo/ fa/idi\s & exact+ ( ,fr5* /&>ds4 ,& is x propag&a8 ,i d n see h[ anyone capable ( putt+ two ?\ghts toge!r c "q ! fact4 ,"h are ! gods ( a new hi]>*y1 pr9ces & pot5tates1 absorb+ to !mselves by div9e "r all ! treasures ( civilization4 ,"h !y are exhibit$ 9 all _! spl5dor1 "o ( ! _w's greate/ poets devot+ 8 te*nical skill to glorify+ & exalt+ !m4 ,/orms ( ?rill+ emotion are p\r$ =?1 & ! cr[ds g mad ) excitem5t4 ,s ideals are creat$ & /&>ds set1 :i* gov]n1 n m]ely ! art life1 b ! social & political & bus9ess life ( ! :ole ( society4 ,! poet himself liv$ ?is life ( elegant egoti/ical passion2 he 0 jeal\s & qu>relsome1 & he foll[$ ! cu/om ( ! pa9t]s 9 us+ 8 mi/resses z models = 8 female types4 ,"o ( 8 trag$ies became ! cause ( a f]oci\s c\rt qu>rel2 a du*ess hir$ ano!r playwright & produc$ a rival play on ! same !me1 & hir$ a claque to applaud 8 play1 & to hiss ,rac9e's4 ,?is app>5tly fright5$ ! poet2 he lo/ 8 joy 9 ! c\rti] life1 became sick1 & 9 or?odox ,ca?olic fa%ion retir$ into my/icism1 & wrote a play ( religion1 z un:olesome & remote f reality z 8 worldly plays4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( 8 trag$ies is 8,ph$re10 :i* tells ab\t ! wife ( an ,a!nian k+1 :o conceives an adult]\s passion = h] /ep-son1 & :5 ! y\? repels h] advances1 accuses him falsely to 8 fa!r1 & br+s ab\t 8 dea?2 aft] :i*1 9 a transport ( %ame1 %e poisons h]self4 ,= two c5turies & a half ?is portrayal ( unbridl$ desire has be5 ! te/ ( g5ius ^u ! ,fr5* /age2 eight g5]ations ( actresses h exhau/$ _! skill 9 portray+ x to eight g5]ations ( elegant ladies & g5tlem51 liv+ lives ( ! same unbridl$ desire4 ,9 our "t ! great ,ph$re 0 ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt1 ! 8div9e ,s>ah10 z %e 0 kn[n to ! leisure-class critics ( my boyhood4 ,^u ! /age %e exhibit$ ! unbridl$ desires ( an anci5t ,greek que51 & 9 real life %e exhibit$ ! unbridl$ desires ( a mod]n /age que52 a woman :o nev] felt a social emotion1 b squ&]$ ! treasure ( v>i\s royal & plutocratic & lit]>y lov]s1 :o likewise _h nev] felt a social emotion4 ,we are privileg$ n[ to read ! extremely /upid love-lett]s :i* ,k+ ,edw>d ( ,engl& wrote to h]1 & le>n :at sums ( money be paid to h]1 & :at dignifi$ c\rt g5tlem5 he s5t to make 8 assignations ) h]4 ,we read also ab\t h] passion = ,s>d\1 leisure-class playwright ( h] "t1 :o creat$ a ho/ ( spl5did pro/itutes & lu/ful que5s1 to enable ?is leisure-class div9ity to sweep h] audi5ces into ec/asy4 ,we today1 possess+ means ( explor+ ! subconsci\s m9d1 und]/& ^! unbridl$ desires z symptoms ( infantilism4 ,"h are babies1 /ill rea*+ out = ! moon1 & %riek+ because !y _c h x2 "h are spoil$ *ildr51 flatt]$ by s]vants & fawn$ ^u by slaves1 indulg$ & pett$1 nev] adju/+ !mselves to ! realities ( life1 b gr[+ up to make h]oes & h]o9es ( trag$y4 ,we no long] consid] ^! creations sublime2 we call !m psy*opa?s1 & ! art :i* portrays !m we call a bore4 ,z economi/s we h explor$ ! social causes ( su* rag+ egotisms1 & also ! social consequ5ces4 ,! plutocracy is n ! only class :i* has unbridl$ desires2 ! prolet>iat has its %>e1 & if "o class is p]mitt$ to gratify !m1 & to flaunt !m be=e ! _w1 ! only possible consequ5ce is a revolution ( bl9d & bloody rev5ge4 ,que5 ,ph$re1 fr5zi$ & horror-smitt51 saw hell loom+ hide\s be=e h] />+ eyes2 b %e saw no hell comp>$ ) :at ,rac9e's audi5ce might h se51 _h !y be5 able to look =w>d a hundr$ ye>s 9 ,fr5* hi/ory1 & to wat* ! />v$ & brutaliz$ mob ( ,p>is danc+ ! 8,c>magnole0 9 ! /reets1 :ile ! guillot9e roll$ into its bloody basket ! heads ( ! great-gr&sons & great-gr&daught]s ( ^? spl5did1 unbridl$ ladies & g5tlem5 :o made up ! 8gr& mon>*'s0 spl5did1 unbridl$ c\rt4 ,,*apt] ,,xlii ,,! ,,h>poon] ,,( ,,hypocrisy ,9 va9 d k+s & emp]ors set up ! doctr9e t art exi/s = c\rts2 t only ! great ones ( ! e>? are ! prop] !me = art works1 & c\rti]s & c\rt critics ! true judges ( ta/e4 ,deeply plant$ 9 ! human he>t is an in/9ct1 decl>+ t all human be+s are ( consequ5ce2 & m5 ( g5ius arise :o foll[ t in/9ct1 & write ab\t ord9>y p1 & appeal to wid] & wid] gr\ps ( ! community4 ,we %all n[ see ?is happ5+ to ! exclusive & haughty c\rt ( ! 8gr& mon>*40 ,a _w g5ius appe>s1 :o breaks ! e/abli%$ b>ri]s1 sets all ,france to argu+ ov] 8 ideas1 & helps to make ! drama ( ,europe ! social =ce :i* x is today4 ,he 0 ! son ( ! royal uphol/]] 9 ,p>is2 t is to say1 ( a tradesman :o _h ! job ( repair+ ! s(t & exp5sive cu%ions ^u :i* ?is c\rt recl9$4 ,b ,molire1 a volcano ( en]gy & ent]prise1 did n take long to discov] t he 0 n int]e/$ 9 cu%ion+ a c\rt4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-"o he sold 8 claims to ! family job1 & />t$ a !at] on a t5nis-c\rt 9 ,p>is4 ,x 0 a failure1 & ! "y ,molire 0 ?ree times imprison$ = debt4 ,b he w\ld n give up2 he organiz$ a company to t\r ! prov9ces1 & = ?irte5 ye>s he liv$ a life ( 8"o-night /&s40 ,x is a dog's life today1 & mu/ h be5 worse ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 actors 7 outca/s & almo/ outlaws4 ,ca?olic bigotry 9 ,france 0 z bitt] aga9/ !m z ,puritan bigotry 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 a h>d s*ool1 9 :i* ,molire made no money & lo/ 8 heal?4 ,b x 0 a way to make a tragi-comic dramati/1 = x br\ght him into contact ) e k9d ( human be+4 ,:5 he came to ,v]sailles to become ! k+'s favorite dramati/1 he br\ght ) him k ( some?+ m ?an c\rtly intrigue2 he br\ght ! fight+ _s ( a man :o _h be5 r\ghly h&l$1 :o _h be5 poor & 9 jail1 & :o knew ,france z x 0 to ! pla9 p4 ,molire got a *ance to produce plays be=e ! k+1 includ+ a c\ple ( 8 own little f>ces4 ,! k+ 0 !n tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 curi\s ab\t life1 & n entirely 9 ! h&s ( wom5 & prie/s z he lat] became4 ,molire 0 ?irty-sev5 :5 he produc$ 8 fir/ significant "w1 8,les ,prcieuses ,ridicules10 a satire on ! lit]>y fa%ions ( ! "t1 accord+ to :i* a mirror 0 call$ 8! c\nsellor ( ! graces10 & a *air 8! commodity ( conv]sation40 ,great ladies 7 accu/om$ to assemble to display _! wit to "o ano!r1 & x 0 exactly l ! lit]>y tea-p>ties we h n[adays4 ,i h pictur$ !m 9 a *apt] 9 8,! ,metropolis0-- 8,g ahead ) ,molire60 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i j want to quote a doz5 l9es10 pleads h] husb&4 8,?is %[s y :at happ5s to lit]ature1 :5 x becomes #8! rage' among f9e ladies3 #8,we le>n !reby1 e day1 ! late/ gallantries1 & ! prettie/ novelties 9 prose & v]se2 we are told j 9 ! nick ( "t1 t su* a "o has compos$ ! prettie/ piece 9 ! _w on su* a subject2 t "s "o else has writt5 words to su* an air2 t ?is p]son has made a madrigal ^u an enjoym5t1 & t 8 fri5d has compos$ "s /anzas ^u an infidelity2 t ,mr4 ,s-&-s s5t half a doz5 v]ses ye/]day ev5+ to ,miss ,su*-&-su*1 & t %e s5t back an answ] at eight o'clock ?is morn+2 t "o celebrat$ au?or has j sket*$ a plan = a new book1 t ano!r has got to ! ?ird "p ( 8 romance1 & t a ?ird is pass+ 8 works ?r\gh ! press4'0 8,is t 9 #8,! ,metropolis'80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi1 suspici\sly4 ,:]eat1 h] husb& gr9s ) malice4 8,look = x2 & if y don't f9d x1 try ! t5? sc5e ( #8,les ,prcieuses ,ridicules4'0 ,x 0 insol5ce = a m]e tradesman's son to make fun ( high-born ladies1 & ! ladies 7 furi\s1 & succe$$ 9 keep+ ! play (f ! /age = five days4 ,t 0 ! beg9n+ ( a fight1 :i* la/$ ! re/ ( ,molire's life4 ,at any "t he *ose to write a silly f>ce or a ballet he c\ld h x produc$ safely & ) applause2 b :5ev] he wrote a play ) a s]i\s purpose he rais$ up a sw>m ( enemies1 :o kept 8 play (f ! bo>ds any:]e f five days to five ye>s4 ,& "h is :]e ! man %[$ 8 _s2 he 0 sick1 he 0 always /ruggl+ ) debt1 he _h 8 !atrical company to look out =--p :om he lov$ & ^: burd5s he c>ri$4 ,nev]!less1 tru? blaz$ 9 him l a :ite-hot flame1 & he c\ld n let 8 enemies alone4 ,he w\ld quit ! fight = a ye> or two1 !n come back to x ) a piece ( ridicule yet m /++1 or a picture ( cruelty & falsehood s grim t x 0 h>d to pass (f = a com$y4 ,molire hat$ hypocrisy ) a deadly hatr$2 he hat$ ! *ur* ( 8 "t1 because x 0 an organiz$ sy/em ( hypocrisy = ca%4 ,he hat$ va9 fops1 & empty-head$1 pret5ti\s wom51 & ! snobbi% & self-seek+ great ones ( ! e>?4 ,also he hat$ ! enslav+ & imprison+ ( love4 ,9 8 "t ! ,fr5* girl 0 rais$ 9 a conv5t1 & :5 %e 0 some:]e betwe5 ?irte5 & eighte5 h] p>5ts1 ) ! aid ( ! family lawy]1 sold h] 9 m>riage to "s mature man ( ! _w1 :o possess$ rank & =tune1 & 0 apt to possess vices & diseases4 ,9 no less ?an n9e ( ,molire's plays !re is su* a situation2 also !re is an amiable "y man 9 love ) ! girl1 & ! c\ple f9d a way to ?w>t ! s*emes ( _! eld]s4 ,! plays ?us become a plea = common s5se & human feel+1 z oppos$ to av>ice & worldly pride4 ,?is has become a famili> !me ( com$y2 ! poet's fir/ in/9ctive revolt aga9/ ! money-p[]4 ,x is ,molire's cu/om to take "s propag&a !me1 & to con/ruct ^u x a s]mon 9 picture =m4 ,he *ooses v simple *>act]s to illu/rate ! !me1 & 9 ! conv]sations he p\nds ^u x l a man driv+ 9 a spike ) a sl$ge4 ,e bit ( k & skill he possesses goes into ^? h>d /rokes2 all 8 wit & v]ve1 8 insight into human "*1 8 amaz+ vividness1 8 palpitat+ s5se ( life4 ,! greate/ evil ( ! "t 0 unque/ionably ! *ur*1 :i* controll$ ! m9d & consci5ce ( ! nation & repress$ all indep5d5t ?9k+4 ,! life ( ,france 0 beset by a horde ( spies1 ! secret ag5ts ( a pr$atory p[]1 ! ,jesuits2 no?+ c\ld be hid f !m1 because !y controll$ ! salvation ( s\ls1 & ?r\gh ! in/rum5t ( ! confessional 7 able to dom9ate political & social life4 ,!y work$1 z always1 ^u ! ignorance & emotionalism ( wom52 !y beset ! m9d ( ! k+1 & 9 ! end !y got him1 =c+ ! revocation ( ! law tol]at+ ,prote/ants1 & beg9n+ ano!r mon/r\s p]secution4 ,molire saw all t go+ on ar\nd him1 & he wrote ab\t x "o ( ! mo/ t]rible plays 9 ! _w4 ,x is call$ 8,t>tuffe1 or ,! ,hypocrite10 & %[s a religi\s intrigu]1 worm+ 8 way into a middle-class family & s$uc+ ! wife ( 8 b5efactor4 ,! drama is an utt]ance ( blaz+ ang]1 a v]itable h>poon+ ( hypocrisy4 ,z a weapon ( propag&a x is exactly z p[]ful today z x 0 ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,( c\rse x rais$ a /orm 9 ! little _w ( ,p>is & ,v]sailles4 ,! cl]ical p>ty besieg$ ! k+1 & ! play 0 b>r$ f public p]=mance1 ?\gh x 0 %[n privately to "s ( ! great nobles4 ,! ar*bi%op ?reat5$ to excommunicate ^? :o ev5 read ! play1 & ,bossuet1 ! rul+-class lit]>y pope ( ! "t1 took ,molire's untimely dea? f tub]culosis z a div9e judgm5t ^u him = ! writ+ ( ?is infam\s "w4 ,two ye>s lat] ! k+ aga9 p]mitt$ ! play to be %[n2 b :5 ! p]=mance came on he 0 away at "o ( 8 w>s1 & an (ficial clos$ ! !at]1 & ,molire's appeals to ! k+ 7 9 va94 ,= five ye>s ! fight ov] ?is play w5t on1 be=e at la/ x c\ld be freely %[n4 ,!y 7 ye>s ( incessant /ruggle = ,molire4 ,he produc$ 8,don ,juan10 & ! cl]ical critics object$ to t also1 because x portray$ an intellectual & free ?9k]4 ,to be sure1 x portray$ him z a v immoral man2 b t did n satisfy ! cl]ical p>ty1 = few ( !m c\ld meet t te/4 ,x 0 ! irony ( fate t ! ar*bi%op1 :o =bade to ,molire's body a *ur* s]vice1 0 himself a man ( notori\sly vile habits4 ,!n came a play call$ 8,! ,misan?rope10 a "n d\btless giv5 z a sop to ,molire's critics4 ,!re is really no?+ misan?ropic ab\t ! h]o2 he is simply a man ( f9e ideals1 :o is /unn$ by 8 discov]y ( ! p[]s ( evil 9 ! _w ab\t him1 & _! ability to de/roy human life4 ,he is m>ri$ to a woman :om he loves1 b :o w n give up ?is evil _w1 & gives up h] husb& in/ead4 ,molire himself _h made a bitt]ly unhappy m>riage ) a "y actress :o pref]r$ ! _w to h] husb&1 & ! h]o ( ?is play is g5]ally tak5 z ,molire's own voice1 j z ,hamlet is tak5 z ,%akespe>e's voice4 ,?is greate/ comic dramati/ ( ,france _h to wa/e mu* ( 8 "t produc+ f>ces & ballets = 8 exact+ k+4 ,he n[ wrote a f>ce com$y1 :i* ,i suppose is produc$ a ?\s& times e ye> 9 ,am]ican high s*ools1 8,! ,b\rgeois ,g5tleman40 ,! play makes m]ry ) a crude1 newly-ri* m]*ant :o tries to acquire a little culture 9 8 prosp]\s ye>s4 ,molire 0 ?us cat]+ to high-born snobb]y1 & also voic+ ! dislike :i* all arti/s feel = ^? :o buy & sell4 ,y w recall ! scorn ( ,ari/ophanes = 8mong]s0 ( all sorts--8mutton-mong]s0 & 8rope-mong]s0 & 8lea!r-mong]s0 & 8(fal-mong]s40 ,9 ano!r play1 8,! ,le>n$ ,ladies10 ,molire jo9s ,ari/ophanes 9 pok+ fun at ! idea t wom5 %\ld or c\ld be educat$4 ,x is true t ! vanities ( wom5 are especially absurd :5 appli$ to sci5tific matt]s1 9 :i* p]sonality is s entirely out ( place2 b ! same absurdities result f ! fir/ ef=ts ( any dis9h]it$ gr\p or class or race to lift itself4 ,we h se5 ,%akespe>e mak+ fun ( work+m5 try+ to produce a play2 simil>ly1 we %all f9d ,kipl+ ridicul+ ! notion t ,h9doos c ma/] ! ,engli% language1 & become fit to hold gov]nm5t positions 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,molire's la/ :ack 0 at ! doctors1 :om he especially dislik$4 ,we c und]/& t a man afflict$ ) a *ronic disease1 conc]n+ :i* ! doctors ( 8 "t und]/ood no?+1 mu/ h _h unsatisfactory results f _! visits1 mu/ h submitt$ to _! purg+s & _! ble$+s to no purpose1 & paid !m money :i* he felt !y did n e>n4 ,anyh[1 he goes aft] !m aga9 & aga91 & 9 8 8,imag9>y ,invalid0 he portrays a man :o ?9ks he is sick1 & all ! v>i\s quacks :o sw>m ar\nd him4 ,?ree times ! play 0 giv5 ) great success1 ) ,molire act+ ! lead+ "p4 ,a f\r? p]=mance 0 due1 & ! poor playwright 0 ill2 he ?\ght ( 8 company & :at w\ld happ5 to !m if he 7 to %ut d[n1 s he w5t ?r\gh ! p]=mance1 & collaps$ & di$ a few h\rs lat]4 ,b 8 vivid & c\rage\s propag&a did n die4 ,x lives1 ev5 to our "t1 z ! greate/ glory ( ! ,fr5* drama2 prov+ ov] & ov] aga9 our !sis t really great art has nev] be5 produc$ except by m5 :o wi%$ to improve _! fell[-m5 & to aboli% cruelty & gre$ & falsehood f ! e>?4 ,,*apt] ,,xliii ,,crasez ,l',,infame ,9 8 lat] ye>s ! 8gr& mon>*0 fell "u ! spell ( a prie/-ridd5 woman1 made h] 8 que51 & turn$ ov] 8 c\rt to ,jesuit intrigue4 ,! law tol]at+ ,prote/ants 0 repeal$1 ! be/ s*ools 9 ,france 7 clos$1 & half a million ( ! mo/ intellig5t p 7 driv5 f ! c\ntry4 ,at ! same "t w>s ( conque/ 7 und]tak51 & a s]ies ( milit>y disa/]s befell4 ,! k+'s reign clos$ 9 d>kness & despair1 & ! cr[ds ( ,p>is mock$ 8 fun]al pageant4 ,b ! p's wra? _h to fe/] = sev5ty ye>s long] be=e x broke ! tyranny ( ?is 8anci5t regime40 ,two ye>s aft] ! 8gr& mon>*'s0 dea?1 ! reg5t s5t to ! ,ba/ille a "y ,fr5* poet & man ( fa%ion1 ! son ( a weal?y lawy] ( ,p>is4 ,?is y\?1 kn[n to u z ,voltaire1 0 accus$ ( hav+ writt5 a pamphlet ridicul+ absoluti/ ideas2 ! *>ge happ5$ to be false1 b ne$less to say1 a ye> sp5t 9 prison )\t r$ress did n increase ! "y man's love = absolutism4 ,he 0 "o ( ! wittie/ mortals ev] born on e>?1 & bless$1 or curs$1 ) an incessantly active m9d4 ,8 jail]s 7 comp>atively civiliz$--,i mean1 comp>$ ) jail]s ( capitali/ absolutism 9 ,am]ica2 !y p]mitt$ ! "y man to write poetry & dramas1 & :5 he came out he cont9u$ ! gay & dissolute life ( a lit]>y fop ( t p]iod4 ,he 0 welcom$ 9 ! salons ( ! great1 & 8 long epic poems & 8 rhym$ v]se trag$ies 7 produc$ ) great success4 ,b 9 8 pride z a man ( lett]s ,voltaire =got 8 place 9 ! great _w ( ,france2 he presum$ to res5t an insult f a noble g5tleman1 :]eupon ?is g5tleman br\ght 8 lackeys1 arm$ ) /icks1 & _h ! poet cruelly beat51 :ile ! noble g5tleman sat 9 8 s$an-*air1 je]+ & direct+ ! puni%m5t4 ,to ! amazem5t ( ! ,fr5* ari/ocracy1 ! victim fail$ to accept ?is z a prop] =m ( discipl9e2 he1 a m]e lawy]'s son1 proce$$ to tra9 himself to fight a duel ) ! nobleman--:]eupon 8 great fri5ds turn$ _! backs on him1 & he 0 aga9 ?r[n into ! ,ba/ille1 & got out only ^u promise to leave ,france4 ,he w5t to ,engl&1 :]e he liv$ = ?ree ye>s4 ,x 0 a new ,engl&1 bas$ ^u ! revolution :i* _h driv5 out ! ,/u>ts2 a ,prote/ant ,engl&1 prosp]\s1 busy1 & f ! po9t ( view ( a ,fr5* refugee1 amaz+ly free2 an ,engl& 9 :i* ,pope 0 prea*+ common s5se1 & ,swift 0 la%+ hypocrisy1 & ,newton 0 discov]+ ! laws ( ! univ]se4 ,:5 ,voltaire return$ to ,france1 x 0 no long] to be a society fop & d>l+ ( ! ari/ocracy2 x 0 to be an intellectual pione]1 und]m9+ ! wall :i* ,fr5* absolutism _h built ab\t ! c\ntry4 ,voltaire wrote a book deal+ ) ! ?+s he _h le>n$ 9 ,engl&1 all ! ideas ( ! new sci5ce & ! new philosophy & ! new tol]ation4 ,refus$ p]mission to publi% x1 he _h x publi%$ secretly1 :]eupon x 0 solemnly bann$ by au?ority1 & a copy 0 burn$ by ! hangman4 ,?is made ! =tune ( ! book2 x _h a big circulation1 & all intellectual ,france fell to argu+ ab\t x4 ,& t 0 to be ,voltaire's life = "s =ty-five ye>s !reaft]2 writ+ =bidd5 books & pamphlets "u an inf9ity ( p5 names1 hav+ !m secretly pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 or 9 ,holl&1 or 9 ,switz]l&1 hav+ !m publicly burn$1 & no less publicly debat$4 ,! "n ,voltaire ?us means to u a *ampion ( free ?\ght1 aga9/ religi\s sup]/ition2 b we mu/ get cle> ! fact t dur+ 8 life ,voltaire 0 ! mo/ em95t poet & dramati/ ( ,france4 ,also x is int]e/+ to note t1 revolution>y z he 0 9 ! field ( philosophy1 he 0 a complete cons]vative 9 ! field ( art2 foll[+ ! models ( ,corneille & ,rac9e1 & respect+ ! sacr$ unities1 ! artificial laws :]eby ! ,fr5* /age 0 fett]$4 ,among ! discov]ies he _h made 9 ,engl& 0 a playwright by ! "n ( ,%akespe>e1 :om he describ$ z 8a drunk5 savage1 )\t ! smalle/ scrap ( good ta/e1 & )\t ! lea/ acqua9tance ) ! rules40 ,voltaire 0 mu* annoy$ :5 ?is dictum _h ! effect ( caus+ "s ,fr5*m5 to be curi\s ab\t ,%akespe>e6 ,z "t pass$1 he f\nd t he _h to give m & m en]gy to d5\nc+ ?is 8drunk5 savage10 & rebuk+ ^? :o pr(ess$ to f9d m]it 9 8 "w4 ,all ( :i* has a vital lesson = u2 x %[s u h[ tight is ! grip ( culture conv5tions ^u ! educat$ m9d4 ,x is possible = m5 to ?9k = !mselves conc]n+ ,god & immortality1 conc]n+ ! div9e "r ( emp]ors & k+s1 & ev5 ( oil magnates & int]national f9anci]s4 ,b x is extremely difficult = !m to ?9k freely on ! subject ( :at con/itutes good ta/e1 & :e!r or n !y ought to p]mit !mselves to enjoy a new & /range "w ( art4 ,i note ) int]e/ t our own "y intellectuals1 :o c\nt !mselves ?or\gh-go+ revolt]s1 :o boa/ ( unor?odoxy 9 religion1 politics1 economics1 & morals1 are usually ( ,tory incl9ation 9 matt]s ( culture2 *]i%+ ! ari/ocratic sup]/ition t art exi/s = cultur$ classes1 & t :atev] is popul> is obvi\sly contemptible4 ,we 9 ,am]ica d n make any fuss ab\t poets1 s x is h>d = u to und]/& ! p[] :i* ,voltaire wield$ ov] ,fr5* society4 ,he 0 cynical1 he 0 obsc5e1 he 0 jeal\s & va9 & exasp]at+2 b he 0 a k9d ( god1 to :om critical au?ority b[$1 ev5 mon>*s ) _! worldly p[]4 ,he produc$ a score ( dramas1 mo/ ( !m trag$ies 9 ! h]oic /yle1 & ) few exceptions ea* 0 a sep>ate ovation1 a coronation 9 ! k+dom ( lett]s4 ,x nev] occurr$ to anyone 9 ,voltaire's "t t he 0 n ! equal ( ,rac9e1 z a dramati/2 :ile 8 epics 7 put above ,hom] & ,virgil4 ,we today beg9 "o ( 8 plays ) det]m9ation to g ?r\gh to ! end1 b we _c make x2 we desire "s ,gre5wi* ,village wit to produce x 9 mock h]oic /yle1 s t we c laugh he>tily at ^! pomp\s ari/ocrats rag+ & /orm+1 /abb+ & kill+ ea* o!r4 ,we laugh1 because x is s app>5t t ! poet himself has nev] felt any ( ?is emotion1 he has ?\ght only h[ magnific5t x s\nds4 ,b at ?is "t ,fr5* culture 0 supreme ?r\gh\t ,europe1 & ,voltaire1 cynic & skeptic1 0 at once ! idol & ! t]ror ( ! c\rts4 ,he 0 a good bus9ess man1 & inve/$ ! money he made f 8 plays1 & become enorm\sly ri*4 ,he pur*as$ an e/ate 9 ,switz]l&1 j ov] ! ,fr5* bord]2 an admirable /rategic location1 a sort ( lit]>y emplacem5t = a high-calib] gun4 ,he c\ld h 8 pamphlets pr9t$ 9 ,g]many & ,holl&1 & secretly %ipp$ into ,france1 & ! ,fr5* police 7 p[]less to t\* him4 ,! ,swiss ,calv9i/s 7 glad to h attacks made ^u ,fr5* & ,ca?olic absolutism1 s !y let ! poet alone4 ,voltaire 0 a frail gho/ ( a man1 almo/ a skeleton1 b ) quick bright eyes 9 8 b>e skull4 ,he 0 ill mo/ ( 8 life2 :5 he visit$ ,k+ ,fr$]ick he describ$ himself z suff]+ f f\r mortal diseases1 yet he liv$ to ! age ( eighty-f\r1 & work$ "u t]rific pressure all ! "t4 ,he c>ri$ on an enorm\s correspond5ce--m ?an t5 ?\s& ( 8 lett]s h be5 edit$ & publi%$4 ,he 0 capable ( almo/ e k9d ( meanness & malice1 b he 0 also capable ( h]oic & unselfi% idealism1 z ! _w 0 n[ to see4 ,9 ! city ( ,t\l\se1 9 s\!rn ,france1 a "y man nam$ ,calas committ$ suicide1 z result ( religi\s mania2 he 0 a memb] ( a ,prote/ant family1 & ! ,ca?olic au?orities 9 ,t\l\se accus$ ! fa!r ( hav+ murd]$ ! boy to keep him f turn+ ,ca?olic4 ,!y _h no %r$ ( evid5ce1 b !y cruelly tortur$ ! old man1 & f9ally execut$ him1 & confiscat$ ! prop]ty ( ! family4 ,voltaire took up ! case 9 a fr5zy ( indignation2 he employ$ inve/igators & lawy]s1 he wrote pamphlets & circulat$ !m1 he wrote innum]able lett]s & appeals2 = ?ree ye>s he devot$ 8 "t to mak+ ! case a political & religi\s issue 9 ,france4 ,no man c\ld h display$ nobl] public _s1 or m g5u9e human sympa?y2 = ?ree ye>s1 s he wrote1 he nev] smil$ )\t feel+ t he _h committ$ a crime4 ,:5 at la/ ! v]dict ( ! ,t\l\se c\rts 0 rev]s$1 he fell into ! arms ( "o ( ! ,calas lads1 & wept l a *ild4 ,he said--he1 ! vet]an playwright3 8,?is is ! mo/ spl5did fif? act ,i h ev] se5 on any /age60 ,!re came "o su* case aft] ano!r4 ,j z 9 ,russia ! ,black ,hundr$s spread ! rumor t ! ,jews 7 accu/om$ to %$ ! blood ( ,*ri/ian *ildr51 s ?is ,ca?olic ma*9e made w> on ! ,prote/ants by accus+ !m ( hide\s crimes4 ,voltaire esp\s$ ! 8,sirv5 case0 9 ! same fury ( indignation2 x _h tak5 ! c\rts two h\rs to condemn ! victims1 he said1 & n9e ye>s to d !m ju/ice6 ,out ( 8 agony ( prote/ came "o ( 8 greate/ works1 ! 8,treatise on ,tol]ation0--burn$ by ! hangman1 l ev]y?+ else4 ,also !re came 8 immortal slogan1 :i* he took to putt+ on all 8 lett]s3 8crasez l'infame0--t is1 cru% ! infam\s ?+1 mean+ ,ca?olic absolutism4 ,n[ ,am]ica also has its 8infame10 :i* is capitali/ absolutism2 & we await ! arrival ( "s man ( lett]s1 capable ( ! h]oic & unselfi% idealism ( ,voltaire4 ,to him !re 7 br\ght t5 or a doz5 cases ( cruelty & torture 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s2 b h>dly a mon? passes t my mail does n conta9 a /ory ( cruelty & torture equally hide\s1 committ$ by ! p[]s :i* are n[ de/roy+ lib]ty & enlight5m5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,consid]1 = example1 ! case ( ! ,c5tralia prison]s1 a /ory ( brutality1 torture1 murd]1 t]rorism1 & ! subornation ( ! law by ! lumb] b>ons ( ! ,nor?we/2 a /ory j z pitiful1 j z revolt+1 j z wor?y ( ,voltaire's immortal slogan4 8,if y are n c>eful10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8y w be accus$ ( putt+ propag&a into ?is *apt]60 ,x 0 z ! *ampion ( fre$om ( ?\ght t ,voltaire /ood be=e ! ,fr5* p2 he1 ) 8 weal? & fame1 0 able to d :at !y did n d>e to d4 ,f 8 m\nta9 retreat he s5t 8 ideas all ov] ,europe2 & meantime ! bl9d1 delud$ rul]s ( ,france did all !y c\ld to pl[ ! soil = 8 s[+4 ,! great-gr&son ( ! 8gr& mon>*10 :o asc5d$ ! ?rone z a *ild 9 #agae1 rul$ = almo/ sixty ye>s4 ,beg9n+ ) ! "n ( 8! well-belov$10 he squ&]$ ! rev5ues ( ! /ate ^u 8 mi/resses1 & l$ 8 c\ntry to a s]ies ( disa/]s1 includ+ ! loss ( ! ,am]ican colonies & ,india4 ,he left ! nation bankrupt1 & di$ ) ! fam\s phrase1 8,aft] u ! deluge40 ,f\r ye>s lat]1 ! old ,voltaire1 made bold by all 8 honors1 came d[n f 8 m\nta9 =tress & ent]$ ,p>is4 ,he _h a pageant l a conqu]+ h]o2 8 plays 7 produc$ to enorm\s audi5ces1 & ev5 ! ,academy ( ,ri*elieu welcom$ him--/range irony ( hi/ory6 ,x 0 l ,tol/oi 9 ,russia2 ! au?orities w\ld h lik$ to *op (f 8 head1 b !y c\ld only gna% _! tee? 9 impot5ce4 ,h[ev]1 :at _! hatr$ c\ld n d1 ! love ( ! p accompli%$2 ,voltaire 0 lit]ally kill$ by k9dness1 & di$ amid ! excitem5ts ( ?is holiday4 ,x is int]e/+ to u to note t among ^? he met 9 ,p>is 0 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 fell[ skeptic1 sci5ti/1 & revolution>y propag&i/ f ! new _w4 ,?is 0 9 #aggh1 two ye>s aft] ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & less ?an t5 ye>s be=e ! ,fr5* revolution4 ,9 ! case ( ,voltaire we see a man ( lett]s :o ranks z "o ( ! great _w =ces1 & purely & simply because ( 8 propag&a4 ,if he _h writt5 no?+ b h]oic trag$ies & sublime epics1 he w\ld be a =gott5 "n today2 x 0 only because he took ^u himself ! task ( sett+ free ! m9d ( 8 c\ntry1 & labor$ at x incessantly = ! great] "p ( 8 life1 t we "k ( him & honor him z "o ( ! glories ( ,france4 ,great z 7 8 faults1 no "o c d5y t he /ood to all ! _w = ! fundam5tal idea ( fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,,*apt] ,,xliv ,,! ,,trumpet] ,,( ,,revolution ,we h se5 t ,voltaire 0 a ,tory z to art2 8 revolution 0 ( ! intellect4 ,!re 0 ne$$ a revolutioni/ ( ! feel+s1 & he appe>$ 9 ! p]son ( ,jean-,jacques ,r\sseau1 a /ormy1 embitt]$1 unhappy man1 ! object ( endless controv]sy1 cont9u+ to our own day2 a "* full ( contradictions1 difficult to cov] )9 ! limits ( a *apt]4 ,8 fa!r 0 a wat*-mak] 9 ,g5eva2 he ran away f home & became a vagabond1 & rema9$ t all 8 life4 ,he nev] _h any prop]ty2 z = fri5ds1 he _h !m only = %ort p]iods1 because he qu>rel$ ) ev]yone4 ,among ! occupations he foll[$ 9 y\? 0 t ( a footman1 :i* ought to h b>r$ him f ris+ 9 eighte5? c5tury ,france4 ,b he wrote ballets1 op]as1 com$ies1 & won an entre to ! salons ( ! great4 ,"h is ano!r 8pure0 arti/2 & did y ev] he> ( him 9 t 8pure0 capacity8 ,did y "k t ,jean-,jacques _h writt5 ballets1 op]as & com$ies8 ,c\ld y "n "o ( ^! works8 ,unless y are a speciali/ 9 lit]>y hi/ory1 y c\ld n2 & if ,r\sseau _h foll[$ t easy c>e]1 & kept 8 entre to ! ,p>is salons1 y w\ld nev] h he>d 8 "n4 ,x 0 only :5 he became a propag&i/ t he e>n$ _w fame1 & x is z a propag&i/ t we "k him4 ,he 0 ?irty-sev5 ye>s old :5 ,did]ot1 editor ( ! great 8,encyclop$ia10 ! ,bible ( ! new le>n+ 9 ,france1 0 put into prison = writ+ an a!i/ical pamphlet4 ,r\sseau w5t to visit him &1 :ile ?us wr\ght up1 he fell to ?9k+ ab\t ! deprav$ /ate ( society1 & ! causes !re(2 he wrote an essay1 & s 0 laun*$ ^u 8 c>e] z mak] ( intellectual dynamite4 ,he 0 pursu$ by ! au?orities1 until he acquir$ a p]secution complex2 be=e he di$ he became conv9c$ t ev]yone he knew 0 9 a conspiracy to de/roy him4 ,8 fir/ important book 0 8,! ,social ,contract10 a /udy ( ! /ate & its au?ority4 ,:at is ! basis ( sov]eignty8 ,:at "r has ! /ate to comm& my ob$i5ce8 ,! answ] ( ,r\sseau's "t 0 t ,god _h appo9t$ a k+ to rule y1 & if y disobey$ ?is k+ y 7 hang$1 drawn & qu>t]$1 & lat] on roa/$ to et]nity4 ,r\sseau's !sis 0 t ! basis ( sov]eignty is popul> cons5t2 ! /ate is made by ! g5]al w1 & lack+ su* sanction1 no sov]eignty exi/s4 ,! op5+ words give ! keynote ( ! book3 8,man 0 born free1 & ev]y:]e he is 9 *a9s40 ,a /udy ( hi/ory & an?ropology conv9ces u t ! fir/ "p ( ?is /atem5t is false2 b t did n keep ! words f becom+ a revolution>y slogan4 ,! next important book 0 8,! ,new ,heloise10 a love /ory writt5 9 ! =m ( a s]ies ( lett]s4 ,fr5* wom5 7 rebell+ aga9/ be+ sold 9 m>riage2 _! natural desire to m>ry ! man ( _! own *oice 0 rea*+ a po9t dang]\s to ! old conv5tion4 ,to be sure1 ,heloise obey$ h] p>5ts & m>ri$ accord+ to _! comm&2 b h] suff]+s 7 s mov+ t %e 0 m effective z an inspir] ( revolt ?an if %e _h h]self revolt$4 ,!n came ano!r novel1 8,emile1 or ,! ,s5tim5tal ,education0--t is to say1 an education accord+ to ! dictates ( ! natural feel+s4 ,! physical & moral s\ndness ( ! infant ,emile 7 bas$ ^u ! fact t 8 "m suckl$ him1 in/ead ( turn+ him ov] to a wet nurse1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! great _w ( ,france4 ,! *ild 0 rais$ 9 close contact ) nature1 & foll[$ ! dictates ( ^? natural desires1 :i* ,r\sseau believ$ 7 always :olesome & tru/wor?y4 ,! y\? 0 taught to "w & be useful in/ead ( be+ a culture p>asite2 & 9 due c\rse a pure & beautiful maid5 appe>$ to des]ve 8 love4 ,today ,r\sseau's ideas ( education are freely appli$ 9 ! ,f]r] s*ools2 b 9 #agfb 8,emile0 0 condemn$ by ! ,sorbonne1 & burn$ by ! common execution]1 & its au?or 0 =c$ to flee to ,switz]l&1 & f9ally to ,engl&4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s ( desolation ,r\sseau produc$ ! /ory ( 8 life1 kn[n z ! 8,confessions40 ,8 o!r works are n easy = u to read1 b ! 8,confessions0 w be read s long z man is int]e/$ 9 8 own he>t4 ,"h = ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( our race a man ( fir/-rate g5ius told ! full tru? ab\t himself4 ,a great deal ( x is pa9ful tru?2 we read x ) dismay1 & on ! basis ( x ,r\sseau's enemies h condemn$ him to infamy4 ,b nev] =get1 we "k ^! pa9ful ?+s because ,r\sseau tells !m to u2 if he _h conceal$ !m1 or dress$ !m up to look romantic1 !n we %\ld h _h q a diff]5t ,r\sseau 9 our m9ds4 ,_m au?ors h done t1 & live en?ron$ 9 our reg>d4 ,b ?is man says to u3 mu* z ,i c>e ab\t myself--& ,i c>e a great deal--,i c>e /ill m ab\t enabl+ my fell[m5 to und]/& reality4 ,& t is ! _s 9 :i* we take ! 8,confessions40 ,we realize t we are n deal+ ) "o ( ^? feeble natures :i* fir/ commit (f5ses1 & !n f9d pleasure 9 talk+ ab\t !m2 we are %>+ life ) a deeply s]i\s man1 :o seeks 9 agony a cure = human ills4 ,i d\bt if !re has ev] be5 a prea*] ( doctr9e :o deliv]$ himself m completely to 8 enemies ?an ,jean-,jacques4 ,he tells u h[1 n kn[+ h[ to get 8 bread1 he left 8 newly born *ildr5 9 c>e ( a f\ndl+ asylum4 ,?is 0 a cu/om ( ! "t2 b z a rule ^? :o foll[$ ! cu/om did n g away & write a book advis+ o!r p h[ to re> & educate _! *ildr56 ,= su* inconsi/5cies 8 critics ridicul$ him unm]cifully4 ,& yet1 9 spite ( all !y c\ld say1 he became ! trumpet] ( ! revolution1 political1 economic1 & cultural1 :i* 0 on ! way 9 ,france4 ,he rema9s 9 our "t a trumpet] ( ! social revolution :i* is happ5+ be=e our eyes4 ,t does n mean t we are bl9d to ! fallacies & absurdities 9 8 doctr9es4 ,we ( today /udy education 9 ! light ( a mass ( psy*ological k1 we /udy gov]nm5t 9 ! light ( hi/orical & economic k1 we /udy ! human s\l 9 ! light ( biology1 sociology1 *emi/ry1 psy*oanalysis--a ho/ ( sci5ces ^: v names 7 unkn[n to ,r\sseau4 ,b h[ d we come to possess ?is k8 ,we possess x because ,jean-,jacques1 ) ! div9ation ( a prophet & ! f]vor ( a moral g5ius1 proclaim$ f ! h\setops ! "r ( ! human _s to be free1 & to face ! facts ( life1 & to *oose its pa? 9 accordance ) its own happ9ess & heal?4 ,) any critic ( ,r\sseau !re is "o "q to be settl$ at ! outset4 ,:y d y qu>rel ) ?is man8 ,is x because y wi% to correct 8 errors1 & cle> ! way to 8 goal ( lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity8 ,or are y "o ( ^? :o dread ! torr5t ( new ideas & new feel+s :i* ,r\sseau let loose ^u ! _w8 ,is x y\r purpose to discr$it ! :ole individuali/ic movem5t :i* he fa!r$1 & to take u back to ! good old days :5 *ildr5 obey$ _! p>5ts1 & s]vants obey$ _! ma/]s1 & wom5 obey$ _! husb&s1 & subjects obey$ _! popes & k+s1 & /ud5ts 9 colleges accept$ )\t "q :at _! pr(essors told !m8 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,i suspect t la/ phrase is meant = ,pr(essor ,babbitt40 8,x is wond]ful10 says h] husb&1 8t he %\ld h t "n4 ,a judgm5t ( ,provid5ce1 )\t d\bt60 ,,*apt] ,,xlv ,,! ,,h>v>d ,,mann] ,let x be expla9$ at ! outset t we are sett+ out to discuss1 n a "* 9 a novel1 b a liv+ p]son1 ,irv+ ,babbitt1 pr(essor ( ,fr5* lit]ature 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity2 a s*ol> :o has set himself "o goal 9 life1 to deliv] ,am]ica f ! evil influ5ce ( ,r\sseau & 8,r\sseauism0--by :i* he means ! :ole mod]n cultural movem5t4 ,he has publi%$ a /ately volume1 8,r\sseau & ,romanticism10 ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-?ree pages1 plus tw5ty-?ree pages ( introduction1 ) an av]age ( twelve quotations & citations p] page1 illu/rat+ ! follies1 absurdities & mon/rosities utt]$ or enact$ by e man or woman :o has at any "t dur+ ! pa/ hundr$ & sev5ty-five ye>s ev] ?\ght a new ?\ght1 or tri$ an orig9al exp]im5t1 or embodi$ an especially int5se emotion 9 art =m4 ,x makes a =midable catalogue4 ,because1 y see1 humanity proce$s by ! me?od ( trial & error2 !re is no o!r way to proce$4 ,! p5dulum ( life sw+s to "o extreme1 & !n x sw+s to ! o!r4 ,e movem5t has its lunatic fr+e1 p :o %[ u :]e to /op2 & :at our ,h>v>d pr(essor has done is to make a :ole book ( ^! extravagances & insanities4 ,he takes ! fr+e = ! movem5t2 & s1 ( c\rse1 x is easy = him to prove t ! human _s ought nev] to h be5 set free2 x 0 a violation ( 8decorum40 ,t is 8 favorite ^w1 to :i* he comes back 9 e *apt]4 ,! re/ ( ,am]ica has ano!r "n = x2 we call x 8! ,h>v>d mann]40 8,( c\rse10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8y h to d up a ,h>v>d ,tory--t is =e-orda9$4 ,b ,i recall ! lunatics ,i h met 9 ! radical movem5t--n m]ely ! h>mless cranks1 b ! dang]\s & hateful bea/s6 ,:at ,r\sseau means to me is t ,i us$ to he> 8 praises sung by a man :o has liv$ = tw5ty ye>s by s$uc+ "y girls & gett+ _! money40 ,says ,ogi3 8,if y are go+ to judge a wave by its scum1 ,i %all h to make a /udy ( ! crim9als ( classicism3 ! horrors p]petrat$ by p]fect g5tlem5 :o respect$ ! ?ree unities1 & wrote triolets1 & wore exactly ! "r clo!s4 ,!re w be a section 9 ?is volume devot$ to ,h>v>d ,univ]sity--see #8,! ,goose-,/ep1' pages #fb to #ia40 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,come back to ,r\sseau1 & expla9 to u :y a college pr(essor %\ld take s mu* tr\ble to kill a man :o di$ a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago40 8,! pr(essor does n "k :y ,r\sseau is /ill alive1 b ,i c tell him--because ,r\sseau's revolution is only half complet$4 ,! political "p happ5$1 & gave u--_w capitalism6 ,we ar5't satisfi$1 & we are ga!r+ our muscles = ano!r leap1 & all ! _w's ,tories are hang+ to our coat-tails1 try+ to hold u back4 ,!y dig out all ! old mummies f _! c(f9s1 & dress !m up & pa9t !m to look l life1 & set !m up to cry w>n+s to u4 ,ev5 ,voltaire's #8l',infame'6 ,!re is a cl]ical p>ty 9 e c\ntry 9 ,europe1 & ,ca?olic trade unions1 call$ #8,*ri/ian ,sociali/1' to *eat ! work]s4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are ! ,knights ( ,columbus1 & ,tammany ,hall1 & p>ades ( prie/s & c>d9als up ,fif? ,av5ue1 g5]\sly f9anc$ by ,wall ,/reet4 ,& naturally1 9 su* a crisis ! ?ree unities & ! re/ ( ! classical tradition are n ov]look$2 s "h comes our le>n$ pr(essor ) 8 /ately volume1 to prove to u t ,r\sseau did n h ! ,h>v>d mann]4 ,! v same conspiracy1 y see1 t ,r\sseau fac$ dur+ 8 life40 8,! p]secution complex80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,don't fool y\rself2 ,r\sseau actually 0 p]secut$6 ,& see :at evid5ce he w\ld h1 if he 7 alive today1 & c\ld inve/igate ?is ,babbitt case6 ,! ,h\se ( ,morgan1 on ! corn] ( ,broad & ,wall /reets1 j across ! way f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury build+2 & ! billion doll>s :i* ?is ,h\se ( ,morgan made buy+ w> supplies = ! ,allies2 & ! ?irty billion doll>s :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury paid out to save ! ,h\se ( ,morgan's ,fr5* & ,briti% loans2 & ! ,bo/on connections ( ! ,h\se ( ,morgan1 ,lee1 ,higg9son ,company1 ) _! network ( banks & tru/ companies2 & ! ,lee-,higg9son & ,morgan control ( ! gov]n+ bodies ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity2 & ,h>v>d's answ] to #8,! ,goose-,/ep1' ! election ( its di/+ui%$ graduate1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan1 to its sacr$ b& ( ov]se]s2 & ! ,bo/on #8,transcript1' & ! ,h>v>d #8,lampoon1' & ! ,laski case1 & ! ,sacco-,vanzetti case1 & ! ,bo/on police /rike1 & ,cal ,coolidge1 ! que] prank t fate play$ on ,bo/on's ari/ocracy4 ,picture ! situation 9 ! ye> #aiai1 ! days ( ,attorney-,g5]al ,palm]2 ! ,h>v>d mob sma%+ t police /rike1 & ! hundr$ p] c5t patriotic plutocrats ( ,bo/on raid+ ! (fices ( ! #8,r$s1' & crack+ ! skulls ( ev]ybody !y f\nd !re--0 8,! ,h>v>d mann]80 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,?r[+ !m into jail1 or pack+ !m by hundr$s into rooms 9 (fice build+s )\t toilets1 & %ipp+ !m back to ,europe :]e !y came f4 ,& "r 9 ! mid/ ( t campaign1 9 t same anno mirabile ( #aiai1 comes our ,babbitt pr(essor--,i mean our ,pr(essor ,babbitt--) a s*oolma/]'s f]ule 9 "o h& & a slung-%ot 9 ! o!r1 scold+ & at ! same "t committ+ mayhem ^u e arti/ :o 9 ! pa/ hundr$ & sev5ty-five ye>s ( hi/ory has ev] _h a human feel+4 ,x is suppos$ to be a "w ( s*ol>%ip1 ( lit]>y criticism2 x is writt5 to tea* #8decorum'--by su* examples z ?is3 #8,! humanit>ian1 all adrip ) bro!rhood1 & pr(\ndly conv9c$ ( ! lovel9ess ( 8 own s\l4' ,& aga93 #8,bo? ,r\sseau & 8 disciple ,robespi]re 7 re=m]s 9 ! mod]n s5se--t is !y are conc]n$ n ) re=m+ !mselves1 b o!r m54' ,:at is "o go+ to d ) a man l t80 8,:at did !y d ) !m 9 ! ,fr5* revolution80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,les ari/ocrats la lant]ne60 says h] husb&4 8,i've =gott5 all my ,fr5*10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8& s w mo/ ( y\r read]s4 ,b ,i'll tell y ?is--! pr(essor s\nds exactly l y1 except t he's on ! o!r side60 ,,*apt] ,,xlvi ,,! ,,poison$ ,,rat ,:ile ,france has be5 mov+ t[>d its revolution1 ,engl& has be5 mov+ away f h]s1 & we n[ return to ! foggy isl& to wat* ! c\rse ( ev5ts ?r\gh ?is eighte5? c5tury4 ,! cr[n has submitt$1 & p>liam5t has ! la/ ^w 9 public affairs4 ,a p>liam5t ( ! l&-own+ g5try1 elect$ by corruption1 we %all see x 9 ! c\rse ( two c5turies be+ gradually *ang$ into a p>liam5t ( m]*ants & %ip-own]s1 ( /eel & coal & diamond & gold magnates1 ( brew]s & publi%]s ( capitali/ propag&a4 ,x 0 ! task ( eighte5? c5tury ,engl& to create ! b\rgeois s\l4 ,ma*9]y & /&>diz$ production1 :i* 7 to make ov] ! _w1 _h n yet appe>$1 b :5 !y came1 !y f\nd _! psy*ology & culture all prep>$ = !m by ?is 8nation ( %op-keep]s40 ,x is a _w ( money1 all o!r p[]s depos$1 all o!r /&>ds a %ell )\t life inside2 honor1 favor1 virtue are repres5t$ by money4 ,religion has become an affair ( 8liv+s0 & ( 8b5efices40 ,politics has become an affair ( p>ty rancor1 a squabble ov] ! spoils ( (fice4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two p>ties is t "o is 9 & ! o!r is out2 ! purpose ( ! outs be+ to prove rascality aga9/ ! ins1 & ?us get a *ance to d :at ! ins are do+4 ,9 ?is b\rgeois _w ! arti/ may be feeble ( m9d1 n kn[+ ! reality ( 8 "t1 believ+ s9c]ely 9 its %ams4 ,or he may be a cynic1 je]+ at 8 "t1 b tak+ :at he c get4 ,or he may be a rebel1 speak+ ! tru?--9 :i* case he w />ve 9 a g>ret1 or g insane1 or be ?r[n into prison1 or driv5 into exile4 ,! fir/ to greet ?is new c5tury ) 8 writ+s 0 a man :o w5t insane4 ,"o ( ! great ma/]s ( ,engli% prose1 8 fate 9 life 0 to be br\ght up z a 8poor relation10 & to eat ! bitt] bread ( dep5d5ce4 ,he became a k9d ( educat$ s]vant to ! weal?y1 & f9ally got a small job 9 ! *ur*4 ,ill mo/ ( 8 life1 pr\d1 imp]i\s1 burn+ up ) ?w>t$ g5ius1 ,jona?an ,swift 0 made into a ma/] ironi/4 ,8 fir/ great book 0 8,! ,tale ( a ,tub10 9 :i* he ridicul$ ! squabbles ( ! v>i\s *ur* p>ties4 ,hav+ ?us %ock$ ! *ur*1 he appli$ to be a dean1 b did n get ! job1 because somebody else paid a ?\s& p\nd bribe to ! (ficial hav+ ! appo9tm5t4 ,swift 0 told t he c\ld h ano!r dean]y at ! same price1 b he did n h ! sum h&y4 ,! 8ins0 ( ^? days 7 call$ ,tories1 & ! 8outs0 7 call$ ,:igs2 !y f\ght furi\sly1 & lit]>y rats1 hid+ 9 g>rets & cell>s1 wrote pamphlets ( p]sonal abuse1 :i* 7 publi%$ anonym\sly & circulat$ 9 ! face ( jail p5alties4 ,l ! laureate ,dryd51 our w\ld-be dean did ?is vile writ+2 he did x = ! ,:igs1 & :5 he got no pref]m5t !re1 he jo9$ ! ,tories1 & 0 made dean ( ! ca!dral 9 ,dubl94 ,!re he wrote 8 8,mode/ ,proposal0 = eat+ ! *ildr5 ( ,irel&1 "o ( ! mo/ t]rific pieces ( irony 9 all lit]ature4 8,look10 says ! #8gloomy dean1' 8we are lett+ a population />ve to dea?1 &1 :at a wa/e ( national res\rces1 :at a violation ( our fundam5tal pr9ciples ( bus9ess economy4 ,let u fe$ ^! ,iri% babies1 & :5 !y are nice & fat1 s]ve !m on our tables2 !y w be happy dur+ _! brief span ( life1 & we %all no long] h to import food f =eign p>ts40 ,!n came 8,gulliv]'s ,travels10 :i* took its place along ) 8,pilgrim's ,progress0 z requir$ read+ = *ildr5 & adults4 ,x is an ev5 m p]fect allegory2 y c read x z a /ory pure & simple1 )\t any idea ( an ult]ior mean+4 ,! au?or helps y by ! p]fect gravity ) :i* he describes e detail ( ^! s+ul> adv5tures4 ,fir/ we visit ! l& 9 :i* ! p are only six in*es tall1 & s we laugh at ! pett9ess ( human affairs4 ,!n we visit ! l& :]e !y are correspond+ly big1 & we le>n h[ brutal & gross & /upid we really are4 ,s on1 until we come to ! l& ( noble & beautiful horses1 9 :i* human be+s are lewd & fil?y apes4 ,s we le>n ! wor/ possible ab\t a _w :i* appo9t$ a man ( g5ius to be dean ( ,/4 ,patrick's 9 ,dubl91 :5 he want$ to be dean ( ,/4 ,paul's 9 ,london4 ,s we are ready to g insane1 & to die1 z ! dean himself phras$ x1 8l a poison$ rat 9 a hole40 ,,*apt] ,,xlvii ,,virtue ,,rew>d$ ,prose fiction up to ?is "t _h dealt = ! mo/ "p ) m52 its mo/ popul> v>iety 0 ! 8pic>esque10 tell+ ! adv5tures ( vagabonds & rascals4 ,b n[ 9 ?is b\rgeois ,engl& ! fiction writ] settles d[n1 & becomes respectable1 & discov]s ! !me :i* is to occupy him = ! next two hundr$ ye>s--! fem99e he>t1 & :at goes on 9 x dur+ ! mat+ season4 ,wat* ! g5tleman-turkey1 /irr$ by erotic excitem5t2 he /ruts up & d[n1 swells out 8 comb1 spreads 8 fea!rs1 scrapes ! gr\nd ) 8 /iff w+s4 ,& !re /&s ! humble & retir+ lady-turkey1 obs]v+ him ) mode/ b att5tive eye2 %e takes a /ep or two away1 b does n run f>4 ,:at is go+ on 9 h] m9d8 ,:at does %e ?9k ( ! blood-flu%$ comb & ! spread fea!rs1 ! h]oic pose & ! awe-inspir+ gobble8 ,we are n p]mitt$ to ent] into ! psy*ology ( a lady-turkey2 b ?r\gh ! magic ( fiction we are p]mitt$ to wat* ! m9d ( ! lady-human1 & note e detail ( ! process :]eby %e gets h] mate4 ,we %>e h] emotions1 we analyze ! devices %e employs--& ?us1 if we belong to h] sex1 we p]fect our te*nique1 or1 if we belong to ! male sex1 we le>n h[ to write novels4 ,9 ?is b\rgeois _w1 ! emotions ( mat+ are dom9at$ by ^? ( money4 ,society has become settl$1 prop]ty relations are fix$1 & y live a r\t9e life1 )\t great *ange or adv5ture--except once1 :i* is at ?is mat+ p]iod4 ,"h is y\r great *ance to rise above y\r own class 9 a _w ( money classification4 ,a beautiful & *>m+ maid5 may cat* ! eye ( "s weal?y man2 a h&some1 da%+ y\? may /umble ^u an heiress4 ,su* is ! significance ( ! heav5ly smiles & ! coy glances ( b\rgeois romance4 ,cupid travels ab\t1 arm$ ) a gold5 arr[1 & 9 ! love-gl9ts f ! eyes ( y\? & beauty we see =tunes fly+ to & fro--diamonds & rubies1 manor-h\ses1 e/ates1 ord]s & (fices1 titles to nobility4 ,& always 9 ! backgr\nd sit ! *ap]ons1 keep+ wat*--old wom51 ^: function x is to "k ! grim facts ( gre$1 & to pass on su* 8worldly wisdom0 to ! "y4 ,! fir/ old woman to take up ?is task 9 ,engli% fiction 0 ,samuel ,ri*>dson4 ,he himself 0 a h]o = any b\rgeois novel--a pr9t] :o _h m>ri$ 8 ma/]'s daught]1 & become publi%] to ! k+4 ,he knew :at money co/s1 & believ$ 9 x ) all 8 he>t & s\l2 9 8 mature ye>s he set out to w>n "y wom5 ( ! value ( _! virtue1 & po9t out to !m ! importance ( a life contract 9 love4 ,he wrote a novel call$ 8,pamela2 or ,virtue ,rew>d$10 tell+ ! /ory ( an innoc5t fifte5-ye>-old s]vant girl 9 ! h\sehold ( a great g5tleman :o makes love to h]4 ,9 a s]ies ( lett]s to h] p>5ts %e exposes to u ! details ( ?is love-mak+1 & all h] bewild]m5ts1 agonies & fe>s4 ,pamela ,&rews is ! v s\l ( humility2 b "y z %e is1 %e kn[s ! bus9ess facts conc]n+ ! life contract--8) all my worldly goods ,i !e end[40 ,%e kn[s t h] ma/] is a rake & sc\ndrel--he gives h] 9 ! c\rse ( ! /ory all possible evid5ce ( t2 nev]!less1 %e /&s firm1 & 9 ! end h] virtue is rew>d$--by m>riage ) ?is rake & sc\ndrel4 ,if t seems to y a /range rew>d ( virtue1 x w be only because y d n und]/& ?is eighte5? c5tury _w4 ,:at a man is p]sonally c\nts = little comp>$ ) ! class he belongs to4 ,he is a g5tleman1 he owns h\ses & l&s1 & ,pamela's *ildr5 w be ladies & g5tlem51 & w own h\ses & l&s4 ,?is novel became ! s5sation ( ! day1 n m]ely 9 ,engl&1 b all ov] ,europe4 ,!re 7 two l>ge volumes1 & a sequel ) two m1 b no "o 0 bor$2 great ladies sat up half ! night1 weep+ _! eyes r$ ov] ,pamela's trials1 & welcom+ h]--9 imag9ation--into ! class ( ladies4 ,! writ]s le>n$ h[ to make money1 & a new pr(ession1 t ( ! love-describ]s1 came into be+4 ,,*apt] ,,xlviii ,,! ,,good ,,fell[',s ,,code ,y w note 9 ?is b\rgeois _w two attitudes t[>d money2 "o might be describ$ z ! attitude ( ! fir/ g5]ation1 & ! o!r ( ! ?ird4 ,! fir/ g5]ation has _h to make ! money1 & kn[s :at money co/s4 ,! ?ird g5]ation wants ! money j z mu*1 b its k is conf9$ to :at money w buy4 ,!re is w> betwe5 ^! two g5]ations1 & y f9d x reflect$ 9 ! arts2 ! "y & saucy arti/s make propag&a = "o side1 :ile ! mature & sob] arti/s make x = ! o!r4 ,!re 0 9 ,engl& at ?is "t a g5tleman ^: ance/ors _h _h money = a long "t1 & :o took t[>d x ! attitude ( jolly good he>t$ness4 ,he read ?is /ory ( 8,pamela10 & x fill$ him ) fury2 :at a loa?some _w1 9 :i*1 m5 & wom5 sp5t _! "t por+ ov] ca%-books & call+ x virtue6 ,:at w\ld be left 9 life if a fa%ionable "y g5tleman c\ld n h fun ) a l[] class girl )\t ty+ himself to h] = life6 ,s ,h5ry ,field+1 g5tleman1 b>ri/]1 & man ( pleasure 9 ,london1 sat himself d[n to turn 8,pamela0 into scream+ f>ce4 ,he took ,pamela's bro!r1 a "y footman1 & pictur$ him 9 ! h\sehold ( a great lady :o endeavor$ to lure him f ! pa? ( virtue4 ,! agonies ( temptation ( ,joseph ,&rews reproduc$ ^? ( 8 si/]2 b z "y m5 7 n suppos$ to h any virtue1 ! trag$y 0 turn$ upside d[n4 ,?is /ory is usually cit$ by ! critics z an illu/ration ( h[ a man ( g5ius began a piece ( propag&a1 & !n got int]e/$ 9 8 /ory1 & turn$ x into a real "w ( art4 ,i %\ld alt] ! =mula by say+ t he *ang$ f a negative to a positive k9d ( propag&a4 ,joseph ,&rews runs away f 8 wick$ mi/ress1 tak+ a girl he truly loves1 & ! n>rative turns f a satire on ,ri*>dson's pseudo-virtues into a portrayal ( :at ,field+ consid]s real virtue4 ,joseph & 8 girl fall into tr\ble1 & _! creator1 9 plead+ _! cause1 def5ds ! poor & fri5dless all ov] ,engl&1 :o d n get ju/ice 9 ! c\rts4 ,field+ knew1 because he _h ridd5 ! circuits2 be+ a w>m-he>t$ man1 he creat$ a model ,engli% magi/rate by ! "n ( ,squire ,allwor?y--an obvi\s en\gh "n--to %[ h[ ! law ought to be adm9i/]$4 ,field+ next took to writ+ plays4 ,b he v5tur$ to make satiric allusions to 8p]sons ( quality02 !re=e he ran af\l ( ! ,"l ,*amb]la91 & "o ( 8 plays 0 bann$4 ,he 0 disgu/$1 & r ?an con=m1 he gave up play-writ+4 ,!re 0 no gov]nm5t big-wig ov]see+ fiction2 & s ?is new art =m 0 de/9$ to become ! vehicle ( social criticism4 ,9 8 next book ?is g5tleman-noveli/ w5t on to write a deadly piece ( satire4 ,look+ out ov] ,europe1 he saw ,fr$]ick1 k+ ( ,prussia1 call$ 8! great10 mak+ a raid ^u ,silesia & seiz+ x2 he saw o!r royal & imp]ial conqu]ors torm5t+ mank9d ) w>4 ,he took a notori\s crim9al1 :o _h rec5tly be5 hang$ 9 ,london1 & made him ! h]o ( a novel1 :i* p>odi$ 9 detail ! glory-c>e] ( a k+4 8,jona?an ,wild ! ,great10 l all works ( revolution>y t5d5cy1 has receiv$ f ! critics small "p ( its due praise4 ,!re are few sc5es m grim ?an ! conclusion ( ! book1 ! satire ^u ! 8consolations ( religion0 :5 ! ar*-crim9al dies4 ,!n came 8,tom ,jones10 "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% novels4 ,field+'s purpose 9 ?is /ory1 z he decl>$ x1 0 8to recomm5d ,goodness & ,innoc5ce40 ,9 8 h]o he set out to %[ ! tru? ab\t a man2 n a snuffl+ sa9t = a *ur*-w9d[1 b a real1 he>ty good fell[1 accord+ to ,field+'s notion4 ,:at may su* a "y fell[ d1 & :at may he n d8 ,may he dr9k8 ,( c\rse4 ,may he sp5d money freely8 ,field+ knew ab\t t1 hav+ m>ri$ a ri* wife & run ?r\gh h] =tune4 ,may he take money f 8 fri5ds8 ,yes1 ev5 ask = x4 ,may he take money f 8 mi/resses8 ,& "h sudd5ly y see ! g5tleman-au?or />t up 9 ang]4 ,he may n6 ,"h is an iron-clad rule1 :i* ,engli% g5tlem5 en=ce )\t compromise4 ,b !n1 may he cohabit ) girls ( classes bel[ 8 own8 ,yes1 says ,field+1 c]ta9ly he may1 & he w2 let's be hone/1 & n fool ourselves ) %ams4 ,?ack]ay1 :o 0 l\d 9 admiration ( 8,tom ,jones10 lam5t$ t no noveli/ s9ce !n _h d>$ to tell ! tru? ab\t a man4 ,9 our day1 = bett] or worse1 ! noveli/s h d>$1 & retic5ce z a lit]>y virtue is dead4 ,9 conclusion1 we note ! fact t ,field+ di$ at ! age ( =ty-?ree1 8( dropsy1 jaundice1 & a/hma40 ,s x appe>s t y may take y\r *oice2 y may ex]cise self-re/ra9t1 & be accus$ ( hypocrisy1 & ( spoil+ y\r fri5ds' pleasure2 or y may ?r[ ! re9s ^u ! neck ( desire1 & g ?r\gh life at a gallop--& h y\r body give out j :5 y\r bra9 is ready = its be/ "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xlix ,,! ,,gaug] ,,( ,,g5ius ,we h read ab\t an ,engli% g5tleman-noveli/ :o wa/$ 8 heal? & di$ at ! age ( =ty-?ree2 & we next h to he> ! /ory ( a ,scot* pl[man-poet :o treat$ himself 9 ! same way & di$ at ! age ( ?irty-sev54 ,su* m5 pres5t a pa9ful problem to _! fri5ds1 & also to _! critics--s9ce 9 art circles x is n consid]$ good =m to set up moral /&>ds4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is case ,rob]t ,burns has solv$ ! problem = u2 he lack$ no?+ 9 cle>ness ( insight or pla9ness ( spee* conc]n+ 8 own follies1 & spoke ( 8 8self-contempt bitt]] to dr9k ?an blood40 ,he 0 "o ( sev5 *ildr5 ( a peasant family1 & 0 born on a /ormy ,janu>y day1 9 a clay cottage ( :i* ! ro( 0 bl[n (f a few days lat]4 ,he foll[$ ! pl[-tail all 8 e>ly ye>s1 & wrote t 8 life until sixte5 0 8! toil ( a slave40 ,! few books !y c\ld borr[ ! *ildr5 w\ld read at meal times1 or snat*+ a few words 9 ! fields4 ,su* peasant slaves are n suppos$ to acquire culture1 & if !y d s1 x is at ! co/ ( heal? ( m9d & body4 ,rob]t ,burns 0 giv5 to fits ( melan*oly1 & to moods ( wild excess2 he speaks ( 8 8passions rag+ l demons40 ,he 0 a head/rong1 impati5t y\?1 disgu/$ by ! falsities & %ams ( conv5tional religion4 ,he _h to f9d 8 own code 9 life1 & ! fact t he f\nd x too late to save himself is our loss4 ,?is peasant1 toil+ on a rocky t5ant f>m1 discov]$ 9 himself ! gift ( exquisite melody4 ,8 feel+s p\r$ !mselves out 9 v]ses 9 ! homely ,scot* dialect1 !n consid]$ a b>b>\s ?+1 unwor?y ( lit]ature4 ,he w\ld compose ^! v]ses all day long :ile guid+ ! pl[1 & !n1 com+ home at night1 he w\ld sit 9 a g>ret room & write !m out4 ,n until he 0 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s old did he succe$ 9 hav+ !m publi%$4 ,!y appe>$ at a "t :5 ! family 0 ru9$1 & ! poet himself be+ pursu$ by (fic]s ( ! law1 at ! in/ance ( ! fa!r ( a girl he lov$4 ,! tw5ty p\nds :i* he got f ?is fir/ volume sav$ 8 life1 s he decl>$4 ,he leap$ into fame all ov] ,scotl&1 & sp5t a ye> 9 ,ed9burgh1 :]e he 0 ft$ by ! great4 ,b he did n keep _! favor1 because he p]si/$ 9 intimacy ) 8 humble fri5ds1 & also1 alas6 ) ! tav]ns4 ,he w5t back to ! pl[1 m set ?an ev] 9 8 bitt]ness aga9/ ! _w ( privilege & rank4 ,x 0 a "t :5 ! great _w 0 9 ! habit ( p5sion+ its poets1 b ! ,tories controll$ 9 ,scotl&1 & 8,bobbie0 ,burns 0 a ,:ig1 & turn$ into a ,republican1 ! same ?+ z a ,bol%evik today4 ,! be/ t lov]s ( 8 poetry c\ld get him 0 a job z a gaug] ( liquor b>rels1 at ! pr9cely sal>y ( sixty p\nds a ye>s4 ,ev5 t he _h difficulty 9 hold+2 because ! ,fr5* revolution came sweep+ ov] ,europe1 & fright5$ ! gov]n+ class ( ,engl& into j su* a fr5zy ( reaction z we 9 ,am]ica witness$ 9 #aiai4 ,9 8 capacity z exciseman ,burns captur$ a smuggl+ %ip ) f\r cannon2 he pur*as$ ! cannon at auction1 & s5t !m to ! ,fr5* ,legislative ,assembly z a m>k ( sympa?y4 ,imag9e1 if y c1 an ,am]ican cu/oms (fic] 9 #aiai %ipp+ f\r ma*9e-guns to ! ,soviet gov]nm5t ( ,russia1 & y may realize h[ close ! poet came to los+ ! sal>y ^u :i* 8 wife & *ildr5 _h to exi/4 ,we %all see o!r poets %r9k+ 9 horror f ! execution ( ,k+ ,l\is1 & ?r[+ 9 _! lot ) reaction4 ,b "h is "o :o /ood by ! d[n-trodd5 ( ! e>?1 & voic$ _! feel+s to ! end4 ,n m]ely is he ! national poet ( ,scotl&2 he is1 9 spite ( ! h&icap ( dialect1 ! voice ( ! peasant & ! l&-slave ?r\gh\t ! ,engli%-speak+ _w4 ,:5 he writes 8! rank is b ! gu9ea's /amp10 he is ! voice ( ! labor movem5t 9 ,engl& & ( democracy 9 ,am]ica4 ,8 "w is belov$ by humble p2 y w\ld be surpris$ to "k h[ widely x is read--p]haps m widely ?an any o!r poetry among ! poor4 ,! p "k ?is voice1 !y "k ?is he>t1 ) all its loves & hates1 its long+s & griefs4 ,!re is no man :o has come f ! toil+ masses1 self-taught & self-made1 :o has express$ _! feel+s s completely4 ,& note t he has1 n m]ely beauty & passion1 b ke5 insight & p[] ( bra92 he c ?9k = 8 p1 z well z feel ) !m4 ,he is n a bit afraid to use 8 art to prea* & to scold1 to discuss moral problems1 to /orm at social inju/ice & to ridicule *ur* dogma4 ,:at ?\gh su* a man did dr9k & squ&] himself2 t also is a "p ( ! work]'s trag$y4 ,he paid = x ! price :i* ! work]s pay1 & life sp>$ him no "p ( ! suff]+ & %ame1 nor did he sp>e himself ! remorse4 ,he wrote 8 own epitaph1 9 :i* he spoke ( himself z 8! poor inhabitant bel[10 & record$ t 8?\ghtless folly laid him l[ & /a9$ 8 "n40 ,because !re is no spiritual value great] ?an hone/y1 ! judgm5t ( 8 p has rais$ him high & cr[n$ 8 "n ) immortality4 ,,*apt] ,l ,,! ,,bra9 ,,proprietor 8,:y d y call ?is a "w on art10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8:5 y are deal+ entirely ) lit]ature80 8,all ! arts are "o10 says h] husb&4 8,!y are expressions ( ! human _s1 & ! mat]ial !y use is comp>atively unimportant4 ,we realize ?is :5 we see an arti/ l ,mi*elangelo us+ blocks ( m>ble & molecules ( pa9t & pr9t$ words1 & giv+ u ) ea* m$ium ! record ( ! same p]sonality4 ,!re h be5 o!rs :o us$ ! act$ drama & ! lyric1 l ,%akespe>e2 or words & music--0 8,let u see h[ y\r !sis works out ) music10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 ,up to ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury music has be5 ei!r an adjunct ( religi\s propag&a1 or else a leisure-class play?+ & decoration4 ,! musicians are comm&$ to come & ent]ta9 _! lords & ma/]s1 :ile ! latt] fea/ & dance & gossip4 ,! musician z an arti/1 a lov] ( beauty = its own sake1 exi/s at 8 own p]il4 ,= example1 ,moz>t2 at ! age ( six he 0 a *ild prodigy1 exhibit$ z a curiosity be=e all ! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe2 b he grew up to a life ( sl[ />vation1 & a dea? f tub]culosis at ! age ( ?irty-five4 ,! sum total ( 8 e>n+s f sev5 hundr$ & sixty-n9e compositions 0 n en\gh to keep 8 small family alive4 ,b n[ comes a mighty g5ius1 :o discov]s h[ to make music an art ( p[]1 an expression ( ! deepe/ exp]i5ces ( ! human s\l4 ,bee?ov5 0 born 9 #aggj1 8 "m be+ a cook & 8 fa!r a brok5-d[n musician dr9k+ himself to dea?4 ,bee?ov5 became ! *ild slave ( ?is drunk>d2 he 0 driv5 by beat+s to practice ! piano at ! age ( f\r1 & at ! age ( sev5 _h a job 9 a !at] or*e/ra4 ,i wond]1 :5 we g to ! 8movies0 & li/5 to ! bang+ & scrap+1 may !re be among ^? s]vants ( imbecility "s lad :o is de/9$ to raise ! art ( music to a new height1 & to die 9 mis]y = 8 pa9s8 ,bee?ov5 w5t to ,vi5na to e>n 8 liv+ z ent]ta9] to ! dilettante ari/ocracy ( t pleasure-lov+ city4 ,he 0 ecc5tric1 self-absorb$1 possess$ by 8 visions1 nev] happy except :5 he 0 compos+1 or out 9 ! c\ntry :]e he c\ld give free re9 to 8 delight 9 nature4 ,x 0 8 fate to tea* music to ! *ildr5 ( ! ri*1 & to play = gr[n-up ri* *ildr5 9 _! salons4 ,!y 7 accu/om$ to *att] :ile m5 ( g5ius attempt$ to ent]ta9 !m2 b ,bee?ov5 ?\ght 8 play+ 0 ( importance1 & :5 !y fail$ to keep sil5ce he /ruck 8 fi/ ^u ! piano keys1 & sprang up1 exclaim+3 8,i w n play = su* sw9e60 ,a t]rible calamity befell him1 ! wor/ t a musician c\ld imag9e--he began to gr[ deaf4 ,at ! age ( ?irty he c\ld no long] he> a musical note4 ,t seem$ ! ru9 ( 8 life2 8 enemies je]$1 say+ t he p\r$ out 8 prepo/]\s compositions because he did n "k h[ horrible !y s\nd$4 ,also ,bee?ov5 suff]$ f ne>-sight$ness1 caus$ by smallpox 9 *ildhood4 ,8 heal? at times gave way entirely1 & he contemplat$ suicide4 8,my art alone det]r$ me10 he wrote4 ,he 01 l ,milton1 a ,puritan1 ?\gh he did n use ! ^w4 ,he _h an ideal ( love1 & did n squ&] himself 9 casual intrigues4 ,8 pr(ession br\ght him into intimacy ) ! ladies ( ! great _w2 !y w\ld be ov]:elm$ by 8 g5ius1 b !n !y w\ld ?9k x ov]1 & realize :at x w\ld mean to m>ry a social inf]ior--& a deaf "o at t4 ,"o brilliant "y lady tortur$ ! great man's he>t1 & !n w5t (f & m>ri$ a c\nt4 ,s ,bee?ov5 )drew into himself1 becom+ m ecc5tric1 m irritable1 & m passionate & t]rify+ 9 8 compositions4 ,said ,web] :5 he he>d ! ,?ird ,symphony3 8,bee?ov5 is n[ q mad40 ,! compos]'s life 0 "o long /ruggle ) pov]ty & debt4 ,!re 7 weal?y noblem5 9 ,vi5na :o appreciat$ 8 g5ius1 & want$ him to /ay & play = !m2 !y subscrib$ an income = him1 b !n =got to pay x1 & left him to /ruggle along4 ,to be sure1 he 0 none too easy ) 8 patrons2 he w5t to /ay ) "o1 & ! good man p]si/$ 9 tak+ (f 8 hat e "t he laid eyes on ,bee?ov54 ,! compos]1 :o abhorr$ c]emony1 ran away4 ,bee?ov5 0 a read] ( ,plut>*1 & held ! ideals ( ! old ,roman republic2 he believ$ 9 univ]sal suffrage1 & 9 lib]ty1 & _h no hesitation 9 voic+ 8 convictions to anyone4 ,he hail$ ,napoleon z a def5d] ( lib]ty1 & d$icat$ 8 8,eroica0 symphony to him4 ,lat] on1 :5 ,napoleon accept$ a cr[n1 ,bee?ov5 *ang$ ?is d$ication1 8,to ! memory ( a great man40 ,he d$icat$ ano!r symphony to a ,fr5* g5]al1 ! conqu]or ( ! ,ba/ille2 & y c imag9e h[ reaction>y ,vi5na welcom$ t4 ,aft] ! defeat ( ,napoleon1 ! mon>*s ent]$ into :at !y call$ ! 8,holy ,alliance10 to rivet ,ca?olic absolutism ^u ! cont95t =ev]4 ,vi5na became ! c5t] ( _w reaction1 & dungeon & torture 7 ! fate ( m5 :o rais$ _! voices = human rights4 ,"h 0 ,bee?ov51 old1 deaf1 & pov]ty-/rick52 b he nev] yield$ an in* ( 8 pr9ciples4 8,words are b\nd 9 *a9s10 he said1 8b s\nds are /ill free40 ,he p\r$ 8 feel+s into 8 wond]ful ,n9? ,symphony1 :i* occasion$ su* a tornado ( applause t ! police consid]$ x necess>y to int]f]e4 ,"h1 y see1 0 no mak] ( pretty s\nds = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! ri*2 "h 0 a great m9d1 "o :o read & ?\ght = himself1 & und]/ood n m]ely danc+ & mat+1 b ! nature ( organiz$ society4 ,9 a "t ( univ]sal subs]vi5ce & fawn+ he cl5*$ 8 h&s & behav$ l a democrat4 ,:5 8 bro!r1 full ( ! pride ( a newly ri* b\rgeois1 pres5t$ him ) a c>d inscrib$1 8,johann van ,bee?ov51 ,l& ,proprietor10 ! compos] scrawl$ "u x1 8,ludwig van ,bee?ov51 ,bra9 ,proprietor40 ,!re is a /ory ( 8 meet+ ) ! poet ,goe!4 ,z we %all see1 ,goe! _h made 8 way by con=m+ to ! cu/oms ( a c\rt2 he 0 n[ sixty-?ree ye>s ( age1 /iff to ! re/ ( ! _w1 b pliable to ! nobility4 ,bee?ov5 0 =ty-two1 will+ to be humble to a poet ( g5ius1 b n to rank & arrogance4 ,!y met 9 ! op5 air1 9 a p>k :]e !re 7 _m p2 & sudd5ly came ^w t ! duke & ! empress 7 com+4 ,! p =m$ two l9es1 & /ood1 hats 9 h&1 to d homage2 & ,goe! took 8 place among !m4 ,bee?ov5 0 furi\s2 he remon/rat$ ) ! poet 9 va91 !n he jamm$ 8 hat d[n ov] 8 head & /rode t[>d ! duke & empress1 & !y 7 ! ones :o did homage to him4 ,goe! nev] =got ?is sc5e1 & he did n c>e to li/5 to ,bee?ov5's music1 because he said he f\nd x 8di/urb+40 ,we are told by our 8art = art's sake0 dilettanti t art has no?+ to d ) moral que/ions4 ,let !m take _! answ] f ! fa!r ( mod]n music1 ! greate/ g5ius :o has us$ t l(ty art4 ,no high] au?ority c\ld be f\nd2 & 8 words 7 ^!3 8,i recognize no sign ( sup]iority 9 mank9d o!r ?an goodness40 ,by t pr9ciple he liv$1 & by x he wrote2 8 art is ov]:elm+ly e?ical1 & if we 7 to te> up e record ( 8 life1 e ^w 9 ! way ( title or d$ication or inscription ^u 8 compositions1 if we _h no?+ b ! musical notes ( 8 sonatas & symphonies1 we %\ld get precisely ! same impressions2 we %\ld "k t we 7 9 ! pres5ce ( a titanic conflict ( ! human w aga9/ ! =ces ( fate1 ! bl9d cruelties ( nature & ! delib]ate cruelties ( class4 ,we might n "k t ?is man became deaf at ! height ( 8 p[]s2 we might h no def9ite image to atta* to ! t]rible hamm] /rokes ( ! ,fif? ,symphony2 b we %\ld "k t "h is torture1 "h is defeat & despair cry+ out1 "h is lovel9ess brok5 to pieces1 trampl$1 cru%$ out ( life2 "h also is man1 cl5*+ 8 h&s & sett+ 8 tee? 9 grim resolve1 proclaim+ ! supremacy ( 8 own _s1 & ris+ to heights ( p[]1 9 :i* he makes 8 joy out ( ! v mat]ials ( 8 torm5t4 ,"s fri5d 9 ,bee?ov5's pres5ce call$ ^u ,god2 & ! compos] answ]$ ) ! motto ( 8 life3 8,o man1 help ?yself60 ,,*apt] ,,li ,,politics ,,is ,,fate ,we come n[ to "o ( ! great intellects ( mod]n times1 a g5ius :o made ! culture ( ,g]many kn[n to ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,he is cit$1 along ) ,%akespe>e1 z an illu/ration ( h[ great art holds itself alo( f propag&a2 s x w be wor? our :ile to /udy him c>efully1 & see h[ he liv$ & voic$ ! ari/ocratic ideals ( 8 age4 ,johann ,wolfgang ,goe! 0 born 9 ,frank=t1 8 fa!r be+ a weal?y lawy]4 ,?r\gh 8 eighty-?ree ye>s ( life he nev] knew a mom5t's inconv5i5ce or wa/e ( "t f pov]ty4 ,he 0 s5t to ! univ]sity1 b 0 n int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( law1 :i* 8 fa!r tri$ to =ce ^u him2 he /udi$ ! ?+s he c>$ =1 & incid5tally gave himself to a life ( pleasure1 s t he came home at ! age ( n9ete5 ) a sev]e hemorrhage4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( 8,/orm & ,/ress0 9 ,g]man lit]ature2 ,r\sseau & 8 wick$ 8,romanticism0 _h cross$ ! ,rh9e1 & "h 0 all ! y\? ( ,g]many revolt+ aga9/ writ+ poetry 9 ,fr5*2 !y insi/$ ^u deal+ ) ,g]man h]oes & exp]i5c+ unre/ra9$ ,g]man emotions4 ,goe! 0 read+ ,%akespe>e2 &1 spurn+ ! classical =ms1 he wrote a drama ab\t ,goetz von ,b]li*+51 a m$ieval ,g]man knight :o 0 big & bold & turbul5t4 ,?is made ,goe! a h]o ( ! new insurg5cy4 ,also he wrote a /ory entitl$ 8,! ,sorr[s ( ,w]!r10 ab\t a "y man :o ye>n$ agoniz+ly = ! wife ( 8 fri5d1 & f9ally committ$ suicide4 ,goe! himself did n commit suicide1 b liv$ to regret ^! y\?ful extravagances4 ,he fell 9 love m ?an once 9 ^! tumultu\s days1 8 exp]i5ce be+ exactly ! opposite to t ( ,bee?ov52 x 0 ! poet :o 0 ari/ocratic & prud5t1 & x 0 ! girl :o suff]$4 ,goe! _h a fe> ( m>riage1 because x w\ld int]f]e ) 8 g5ius2 b x is wor? not+ t ! c\rse he adopt$ br\ght him a great deal ( unhapp9ess & wa/e ( "t4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-six 8 de/9y 0 decid$ by a meet+ ) ! "y ,duke ( ,weim>4 ,! duke 0 tw5ty1 & conceiv$ an int5se admiration = ! poet1 & bes\ght him to come & live at 8 c\rt4 ,to tempt him1 & to keep him !re1 he gave him a beautiful home1 toge!r ) "s acres ( l& = a g>d51 & made him a /ate c\ncilor ) a sal>y1 & be=e long gave him a title1 enabl+ him to put ! magic ^w 8von0 be=e 8 "n4 ,?us ,goe! became a c\rt writ] & a c\rt man4 ,y may call him ! greate/ ( c\rt writ]s & ! mo/ dignifi$ ( c\rt m52 nev]!less1 !re is a :ole univ]se ( diff]5ce betwe5 su* a life1 & t ( an outsid] & rebel l ,bee?ov54 ,! only trace ( 8 y\?ful revolt :i* ,goe! kept 0 9 matt]s hav+ to d ) himself4 ,he sav$ "p ( 8 "t = 8 "w1 he took to travel+ to get away f c\rt functions1 & 9 8 lat] ye>s1 secure 9 8 fame & p[]1 he )drew into 8 own home1 & ! c\rt _h to come to him4 ,?us he ma9ta9$ ! dignity ( ! intellectual man2 b 9 8 art ideals he became a /rong cons]vative2 & z = political & social ideals1 he solv$ ! problem by hav+ no?+ to d ) !m4 ,x w\ld be easy to make ,goe! less attractive1 by m5tion+ t ! c\rt lady :o became 8 mi/ress = ! next t5 ye>s _h a husb& some:]e 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,b t w\ld n be fair1 because x 0 ! cu/om ( ! "t1 & nobody 9 c\rt saw any?+ wrong ) adult]y4 ,b :5 ,goe!1 some:]e ar\nd ! age ( =ty1 fell v mu* 9 love ) a daught] ( ! p & made h] 8 mi/ress1 c\rt circles 7 %ock$2 !y 7 /ill m %ock$1 :51 aft] %e _h borne him a son1 he br\ght h] to 8 home2 !y 7 spee*less1 :5 9 ! end he m>ri$ h]4 ,%e ju/ifi$ _! wor/ expectations by turn+ into a drunk>d2 & t 0 h>d = a v dignifi$ & res]v$ man ( lett]s4 ,goe! travel$ to ,italy1 & fell 9 love ) ! classical ideal ( art1 & wrote an imitation ,greek play4 ,com+ back to ,weim>1 he took up c\rt duties1 includ+ ! organiz+ ( a fire brigade & go+ to w>4 ,! ,fr5* revolution _h come1 & ,k+ ,l\is ( ,france 0 a prison]1 toge!r ) 8 beautiful ,au/rian que51 ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 :o _h ask$ :y ! p did n eat cake if !y c\ld n get bread4 ,! sov]eigns ( ,europe ha/5$ to rescue ?is brilliant wit1 & to ov]?r[ ! mon/] ( revolution4 ,goe!'s duke w5t along1 ) ,goe! 9 8 tra94 ,! poet %[$ 8 attitude t[>d ! :ole matt] by writ+ a musical com$y :ile at ! tra9+ camp1 & ga!r+ botanical specim5s dur+ ! fight+4 ,?is attitude he expla9$ by say+ t he _h to %ut 8 eyes to ! ev5ts ( 8 "t1 because o!rwise he w\ld h be5 driv5 mad4 ,& ,i admit t x 0 pa9ful to see ! movem5t = fre$om run wild 9 ! ,t]ror1 & to see x betray$ by ,napoleon1 & to see ! ,fr5* p lur$ into a w> ( conque/1 s t ,voltaire's 8l',infame0 0 able to pose z a *ampion ( national fre$om1 & ?us to rivet its p[] ^u ! peoples once aga94 ,b :y did ^! ?+s happ58 ,x 0 because m5 ( g5ius & intellect _h be5 indiff]5t to ! mis]y ( ! ,fr5* p1 _! degradation & enslavem5t4 ,x 0 because :5 ! p did rise & ?r[ (f _! tyrants1 !re 7 s few voices to expla9 ! mean+ ( ?is ev5t1 & to def5d ! revolution's "r to be4 ,:5 ,goe! w5t out ) 8 duke1 & l5t ! sanction ( 8 "n to ! c\nt] revolution1 x 0 he :o 0 mak+ inevitable ! ,t]ror1 x 0 he :o 0 deliv]+ ! revolution to ,napoleon4 ,blood%$ & mis]y ov]:elm$ ,europe = tw5ty-five ye>s2 & ,goe!1 by )draw+ to 8 /udy & occupy+ himself ) poetry & sci5tific rese>*1 enc\rag$ ! wor/ weakness ( ,g]man philosophy & lett]s--! t5d5cy to lull itself ) high-s\nd+1 ab/ract words1 :ile ! real life ( ! nation goes to ! devil4 ,reality broke 9 h>%ly en\gh ^u ?is poet4 ,sixte5 ye>s aft] 8 milit>y =ay into ,france1 ! tables 7 turn$1 & ,napoleon's cannon-balls came tumbl+ ?r\gh ! beautiful g>d5s at ,weim>4 ,"h 7 ,fr5* troop]s1 flu%$ ) ! victory ( ,j5a1 pillag+ ! t[n1 robb+ ! poet ( bo? 8 w9e & 8 money1 & ?reat5+ to kill him 9 8 b$4 ,two ye>s lat] came ! peace negotiations1 & ! poet l5t 8 pres5ce to balls & fetes1 & 0 summon$ to an audi5ce ) ! ma/] ( ,europe4 ,he 0 !n fifty-n9e ye>s old1 a _w g5ius1 & ,napoleon 0 ?irty-n9e ye>s old1 a _w conqu]or2 ! old] man w5t1 & p]mitt$ himself to be inspect$ by ! y\ng]4 ,goe! _h a h&some pres5ce1 & ,napoleon 0 pleas$4 8,y are a man60 he exclaim$4 8,h[ old are y80 he dem&$2 & !n3 8,y are v well pres]v$0--z if ?is 7 a ,grecian s*ol> be+ pur*as$ z a slave by a ,roman proconsul6 8,y h writt5 trag$ies80 dem&$ ,napoleon2 & a c\rti] ha/5$ to m5tion t ! poet _h writt5 sev]al--also he _h translat$ ,voltaire's trag$y1 8,mahomet40 8,x is n a good piece10 said ,napoleon1 & w5t on to disapprove ( dramas 9 :i* fate play$ a "p1 8,:at are !y talk+ ab\t ) _! fate8 ,la politique e/ la fatalit40 ,"h 0 an utt]ance t ,goe! might well h appli$ ?r\gh all ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,i c\ld take x z a motto = ?is book4 8,politics is fate60 ,h>dly c\ld "o pack m wisdom into five words ( ,fr5* or ?ree ( ,engli%6 ,b ,goe! *ose to keep 8 sal>y & position 9 ! c\rt1 & to ov]look ! p[] ( organiz$ society ov] ! individual s\l4 ,:5 ! "t came = ! ,g]man p to revolt aga9/ ,napoleon he _h no ^w ( enc\ragem5t--q ! contr>y1 he pron\nc$ x folly4 ,nor _h he any ^w ( prote/ aga9/ ! cruelties ( ! ,holy ,alliance4 ,yet1 see ! inconsi/5cy6 ,8 greate/ "w is 8,fau/10 a /udy ( ! problem ( duty & happ9ess4 ,fau/ tries pleasure1 he tries le>n+ = le>n+'s sake1 & x br+s him no?+4 ,9 ! end he accepts useful s]vice z ! only ideal1 & ! dra9+ ( swamps & cultivat+ ( l& z a moral occupation4 ,b :at is ! use ( su* "w1 if /atesm5 are p]mitt$ to make w>1 & to de/roy 9 a few h\rs all t g5]ations h built up8 ,y may believe 9 ari/ocratic politics or 9 democratic politics2 b h[ c y believe 9 ! possibility ( human happ9ess )\t wisdom 9 /atesm58 ,!re is a bett] side to ,goe!1 :i* mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,he 0 magnanim\s1 op5-m9d$1 & a fri5d to all m5 ( g5ius4 ,he met ! poet ,s*ill]1 t5 ye>s y\ng] ?an himself1 ill 9 heal? & /ruggl+ ) cruel pov]ty4 ,s*ill] 0 a poet ( fre$om1 & /ay$ t to ! end ( 8 life4 ,8 fir/ successful drama 0 8,! ,robb]s10 a glorification ( revolt aga9/ m$ieval tyranny2 8 la/ 0 8,william ,tell10 ^: h]o set ,switz]l& free f ! ,au/rian yoke4 ,! fact t ,s*ill] 0 ( humble orig9 made no diff]5ce to ,goe!2 he br\ght ! "y poet to ,weim>1 & got him a p5sion f ! duke1 & became 8 intimate fri5d4 ,& t 0 ! be/ ?+ t happ5$ 9 ,goe!'s life1 = ,s*ill] ) 8 f9e s9c]ity & idealism drove ! old] man to "w4 ,we are accu/om$ to see ^! two great names c\pl$ toge!r1 & ! critics po9t out t ,s*ill] 0 ! en?usia/1 ! 8propag&i/10 :ile ,goe!1 ! s]5e ,olympian temp]am5t1 0 ! great] poet4 ,! critics d n m5tion t ,s*ill] _h to wa/e mo/ ( 8 life do+ wret*$ hack "w1 & di$ ( tub]culosis at ! age ( =ty-six4 ,if ,goe!1 ) all 8 leisure & indep5d5ce1 _h di$ at t age1 8 greate/ "w w\ld h be5 lo/4 ,c anyone d5y t we get a _w view f ! writ+s ( ,goe!2 t he has def9ite conclusions z to e aspect ( human life8 ,c anyone d5y t 8 dramas & 8 novels1 ev5 8 lyric poems1 are saturat$ ) philosophy8 ,x s happ5s t 8 po9t ( view is t :i* has be5 accept$ by tradition & critical au?ority ?r\gh all ! ages2 !re=e x slides d[n easily1 x does n ta/e l m$ic9e1 & we d n ?9k ( x z propag&a4 ,:at is ?is po9t ( view8 ,! _w is a place ( bl9d & g5]ally aimless /rife1 & s*ol>s & m5 ( g5ius are p[]less to control x1 & c only keep out ( its way4 8,r5\nce10 said ,goe!2 & :at is ! fir/ ( all ?+s y mu/ r5\nce8 ,manife/ly1 ! dream t y c manage y\r own "t4 ,live simply1 develop y\r highe/ faculties1 leave a message & an example to ! _w2 & someh[1 at "s future date--y d n attempt to say :5 or h[--?is message & ?is example may take effect1 & tru? & ju/ice & m]cy may prevail4 ,meantime1 s9ce y mu/ live1 & s9ce ! rul+ classes own all ! means ( life1 y mu/ be polite to !m1 y mu/ fit y\rself into _! ways1 y mu/ be a g5tleman1 a c\rti]1 a man ( prop]ty4 ,?us by y\r example & daily practice y become a prop to ! e/abli%$ ord]2 & by ! automatic op]ation ( economic =ces y become less & less tol]ant ( all rebels & di/urb]s ( ! peace4 ,because y "k only ! weal?y & ! noble1 y come to deal ) !m exclusively 9 y\r art works1 y int]pret _! feel+s1 & behold life f _! po9t ( view4 ,all critics unite 9 decl>+ t ?is is ,reality1 ?is is ,nature1 ?is is ,art2 :ile to object to ?is1 & voice any o!r po9t ( view1 is ,idealism1 ,prea*+1 & ,propag&a4 ,,*apt] ,,lii ,,beh9d ,,! ,,h$ge-,,r[s ,spread+ ! magic c>pet ( ! imag9ation1 we take flight f ! free & easy c\rt ( ,weim> to ! home ( an ,engli% rector1 :]e impropriety is sc>cely :isp]$1 & :]e a little old maid ( g5ius lives amid tea-p>ties & ! embroid]+ ( l95 & ! visit+ ( ! poor1 int]rupt$ at int]vals by ! major crises ( bir?s1 m>riages & dea?s4 ,jane ,au/5 0 ! y\nge/ ( sev5 *ildr51 :o dwelt toge!r 9 t amity :i* ! ,bible recomm5ds b :i* frail humanity infrequ5tly realizes4 ,%e 0 a g5ius )\t ecc5tricities1 egotisms or rebellions2 nev] did a writ] ( immortal books live a m conv5tional life or h less to write ab\t4 ,%e _h no lit]>y fri5ds1 n ev5 at ! end ( h] life4 ,h] be/ "w 0 done at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 & 0 a secret kept f ! memb]s ( h] family4 ,%e wrote on little %eets ( pap]1 :i* c\ld be quickly hidd5 "u a blott] or a piece ( 8fancy "w40 ,h] books 7 n publi%$ until late 9 h] life1 & !n !y 7 publi%$ anonym\sly4 ,%e di$ ( tub]culosis at ! age ( =ty-two4 ,! *>act]s 9 h] novels are ! p ( ! _w %e knew4 ,h] !me is1 ( c\rse1 ! !me ( all b\rgeois fiction1 ! prop]ty m>riage4 ,"h we see ! gold5 love-gl9ts fla%+ f ,cupid's eyes2 "h we see ! =tunes sail+ ab\t ^u breezes ( emotion2 "h we see ,s5sibility controll$ by ,s5se4 ,n great =tunes1 y und]/&1 b mode/ ones1 su* z entitle "o to be on ! visit+ li/ ( an ,engli% c\ntry rector4 ,a =tune suffici5t to enable ! h]o to escape ! inconv5i5ce ( work+1 & to live 9 ! c\ntry & exhibit to mank9d a beautiful & graceful specim5 ( ! human race4 ,a =tune suffici5t to enable him to m>ry a lady ( ,s5se & ,s5sibility1 & to provide h] ) a beautiful home & a g>d51 & a few s]vants1 & ma9t5ance = :atev] numb] ( *ildr5 x may please ,provid5ce to s5d4 ,t is ! sort ( =tune = :i* ,jane ,au/5's h]o9es are compet+1 & :i* ea* ( !m inv>iably gets--! b\rgeois happy end+4 ,d n misund]/& me3 h] h]o9es are n m]c5>y--t is1 n ) _! consci\s m9ds4 ,! m]c5>y elem5ts 9 _! lives are in/9ctive & conv5tional2 ! laws ( ! ,briti% leisure classes1 ( 8g5tlefolk40 ,^! laws ,jane ,au/5 nev] que/ion$1 nor does anyone ( h] h]o9es ev] "q !m4 ,!re=e x is possible = ^! ladies to be m]c5>y to ! po9t ( f]ocity1 yet at ! same "t to be s5tim5tal & ev5 *>m+4 ,if y travel ?r\gh ! ,jane ,au/5 c\ntry y f9d ! roads l9$ ) h$ge-r[s1 :i* be> fl[]s 9 ! spr+time1 & are full ( birds1 & af=d opportunity = delightful descriptions 9 novels2 also !y af=d ?rill+ adv5tures1 because a h]o9e c /& beh9d a h$ge-r[ & li/5 to h] be/ fri5d discuss+ h] to h] lov]4 ,outside ^! h$ge-r[s walk common p ( all sorts2 f>m labor]s on _! way to f\rte5 h\rs ( animal-l toil2 factory work]s1 pale & /unt$2 soldi]s on ! m>*2 able seam5 pay+ a visit to home2 tradesm51 t\ri/s--all sorts ( p]sons "o does n "k4 ,beh9d ! h$ge-r[s dwell ! 8g5tlefolk10 c>efully gu>d$ by ! police magi/rates2 & ! common p nev] by any *ance p5etrate ! h$ge-r[s1 except 9 ! capacity ( s]vants4 ,s ! "y ladies ( ! 8g5tle0 family meet no m5 save su* z h be5 c>efully inve/igat$ & approv$2 s x is possible = ^! ladies to be full ( ,s5sibility--t is1 quiv]+ ) excitem5t at ! male approa*--& yet entirely innoc5t ( m]c5>y motives1 & entirely safe f ! dang] ( mak+ an unm]c5>y mat*4 ,h[ p]fectly ?is sy/em works y may note 9 ,jane ,au/5's novels4 ,!re are eight h]o9es1 & eight =tunes to be m>ri$4 ,"o ( ! h]o9es takes ! risk ( m>ry+ a cl]gyman :o has no money except 8 8liv+40 ,two o!rs m>ry cl]gym5 :o1 9 addition to _! 8liv+s10 h good f9ancial prospects4 ,! o!r five m>ry non-cl]ical g5tlem5 ( weal?4 ,mo/ly ^! =tunes come f l&2 ev]y:]e ov] ! ,jane ,au/5 novel !re hov]s a magic pres5ce kn[n z ! 8entail$ e/ate40 ,9 only "o case is !re any h9t ( vulg> orig9 = ! =tune1 9 a rec5t connection ) 8trade40 ,( all ! =tunes1 only "o has actually be5 ga9$ by ! man :o possesses x & be/[s x ^u ! h]o9e2 & ?is man has ga9$ x 9 a mo/ respectable ,*ri/ian way--t is to say1 n by 8trade10 b by kill+ & robb]y4 ,he has be5 a naval capta91 & br+s home 8 %>e ( ! prizes tak54 ,! great crimes & horrors ( ! _w lie outside ! h$ge-r[s surr\nd+ ! ,jane ,au/5 rectory4 ,we c he> ! guns & smell ! p[d] smoke1 b ! deadly missiles nev] pass ! magic b>ri]4 ,two ( ,jane's bro!rs are naval (fic]s1 & !y come & g 9 impos+ uni=ms2 ! ,napoleonic w>s are on1 & !y are gu>d+ ! *annel1 & 9 lat] life become admirals4 ,an intimate fri5d ( ! family is ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 :o conqu]$ ,india = ! ,briti%2 :5 he 0 plac$ on trial = :olesale graft1 he expla9$ by say+ t :5 he consid]$ 8 opportunities1 he m>vel$1 n t he _h tak5 s mu*1 b t he _h n tak5 m4 ,no?+ ( any?+ l ?is ent]s into ! novels4 ,:at does ent] are ! quiv]+s ( ,s5sibility1 ! ups & d[ns ( ! 8t5d] emotions40 ,:5 we 7 *ildr5 we us$ to take a daisy & pull (f ! petals1 & ) petal numb] "o we w\ld say3 8,he loves me10 & ) petal numb] two3 8,he loves me n10 & s on4 ,) petal numb] "o our he>t goes up1 & ) petal numb] two x goes d[n4 ,!re is ano!r "q1 equally ?rill+3 8,d ,i love him1 or d ,i n80 ,_m ?+s get 9 ! way2 ,pride & ,prejudice1 = example4 ,x is h>d to "k our own m9ds2 & sometimes :5 we hesitate too long1 x is necess>y = ! old] memb]s ( our family to apply ,p]suasion4 7,i am mak+ puns on ! titles ( ! novels47 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to disp>age ?is little ,engli% old maid4 ,%e did n make h] _w1 9 :i* ! fa!r ( ! family prea*es 9 ! "n ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace1 & ! sons g out to kill & loot4 ,%e is a mo/ *>m+ & witty old maid1 & h] que] p are alive 9 e ?rob ( _! quiv]+ he>ts4 ,%e 0 a sly little body1 & we suspect h] ( kn[+ m ?an %e tells4 ,!re 0 a t]rible sc&al :isp]$ conc]n+ h]1 :i* %e vehem5tly d5i$2 we hate to pass x on1 b ?is is a book ( pla9 speak+ & we h to d our duty--s let x be record$ t "s ( ! neighbors suspect$ ,jane ,au/5 ( wat*+ !m at tea-p>ties & *ur* fairs1 ) ! int5tion ( putt+ _! peculi>ities into h] books6 ,,*apt] ,,liii ,,tory ,,romance ,^u our fir/ visit to ,scotl& we kept l[ company2 b n[ we return to dwell 9 a ca/le1 & play ! ho/ to our ,sov]eign ,"l ! ,k+4 ,walt] ,scott 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #agga1 ! son ( a prosp]\s lawy] :o held ! high (fice ( %]iff4 ,! fa!r made a specialty ( 8 c\ntry's antiquities1 & ! boy 0 br\ght up1 z x 71 9 ! prop]ty-room ( a mov+ picture /udio4 ,he 0 lame1 :i* made x impossible = him to repeat ! valor\s de$s ( 8 ance/ors2 s he took to dreams1 & gave ! _w a new =m ( art1 ! hi/orical romance4 ,! ,fr5* revolution occurr$ 9 8 y\?1 & he react$ f x z did all 8 class4 ,x 0 ! job ( ,briti% ,toryism to cru% ! republican idea2 ) money d]iv$ f ! trade ( ! :ole _w1 x subsidiz$ ! k+s & emp]ors ( ,europe 9 _! attacks ^u ,france4 ,! result 0 to raise up ,napoleon1 & be=e ,napoleon 0 beat5 ,europe _h wad$ ?r\gh tw5ty-five ye>s ( blood4 ,walt] ,scott's function 0 to glorify ! anci5t loyalties & pieties 9 ^: "n t _w-crime 0 committ$2 & = 8 s]vices he 0 made a b>onet1 & paid a million doll>s1 equal to five or t5 times z mu* 9 our money4 ,p]sonally he 0 a g5]\s & k9dly g5tleman1 b he l5t 8 "n & influ5ce to ! mo/ vici\s r[dies ( 8 p>ty4 ,nor 0 he cont5t ) writ+2 he turn$ out & did 8 "p z a sma%] ( ! 8,r$s40 ,at ! age ( =ty-"o we f9d him writ+ to ! poet ,s\!y l an e>li] inc>nation ( ,attorney-,g5]al ,palm]4 8,y are q "r 9 appreh5d+ a ,jacqu]ie2 ! c\ntry is m9$ bel[ our feet40 ,he goes on to tell h[ he discov]$ a meet+ ( weav]s 9 a l>ge manufactur+ village1 & h[ he did 8 duty z an (fic] ( ! law4 8,i appreh5d$ ! r+lead]s & disconc]t$ ! :ole project2 b 9 ! c\rse ( my inquiries1 imag9e my surprise at discov]+ a bundle ( lett]s & pr9t$ manife/oes1 f :i* x appe>$ t ! ,man*e/] ,weav]s' ,committee corresponds ) e manufactur+ t[n 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/ ( ,scotl&1 & levies a subsidy ( #bs4 #f;d4 p] man--7an imm5se sum7--= ! o/5sible purpose ( petition+ ,p>liam5t = r$ress ( grievances1 b d\btless to su/a9 !m 9 _! revolution>y movem5ts4 ,an en]getic adm9i/ration1 :i* _h ! confid5ce ( ! c\ntry1 w\ld soon *eck all ?is2 b x is our mis=tune to lose ! pilot :5 ! %ip is on ! break]s4 ,b x is sick5+ to ?9k ( our situation40 ,walt] ,scott's lit]>y c>e] began ) n>rative poems bas$ ^u ! love-mak+s & qu>rel+s ( old ,scotti% *iefta9s4 ,!n he began writ+ novels on ^! same !mes1 & x 0 z if he _h /ruck a pick into a pit full ( gold5 nuggets4 ,to 8 ,tory age he came z a heav5-s5t magician ) exactly ! "r spells to prop up ! tott]+ old sy/em4 ,! public began to buy ! ,wav]ley novels s fa/ t x 0 impossible to get !m b\nd 9 "t4 ,engl& w5t wild ov] !m1 & ,europe z well2 "o million1 f\r hundr$ ?\s& volumes 7 sold 9 ,france alone4 ,?is 0 ! "t ( ! 8,holy ,alliance10 & ano!r ,k+ ,l\is _h be5 set ^u ! ,fr5* ?rone4 ,x 0 n q ! prop] ?+ = an em95t legal g5tleman to write novels1 s ,scott publi%$ ! books anonym\sly1 & always d5i$ _! au?or%ip2 b he did n refuse to take ! money4 ,he 0 a flu5t writ]1 & c\ld turn out a volume 9 a mon? or six weeks1 & w\ld get a ?\s& p\nds be=e he _h f9i%$ x4 ,nev] 0 !re su* prosp]ity1 s9ce ! days ( ,aladd9 & 8 wond]ful lamp4 ,our ,tory noveli/ 0 a big ov]gr[n boy2 he c\ld nev] h writt5 su* propag&a o!rwise4 ,he began to sp5d 8 money z a boy w\ld sp5d x--to make real ! _w ( *ivalry & romance 9 n9ete5? c5tury ,scotl&1 fully laun*$ into ! age ( capitali/ indu/rialism6 ,he built himself an imitation ca/le ( colossal size1 8) a tall t[] at ei!r end 444 sundry zigzagg$ gables 444 a myriad ( ind5tations & p>apets1 & ma*icolat$ eaves2 mo/ fanta/ic wat]sp\ts2 labell$ w9d[s1 n a few ( !m pa9t$ glass 444 /ones c>v$ ) h]aldries innum]able40 ,& inside1 ( c\rse1 7 all ! /age prop]ties1 8cuirasses1 helmets1 swords ( e ord]1 f ! claymore & rapi] to "s ,g]man execution]'s swords40 ,"h our h]o kept op5 h\se to all ! _w ( rank & fa%ion1 ) gay hunt+ p>ties & dances1 dr9k+ b\ts1 & s++ ( ballads & ! s\nd+ ( pibro*s4 ,x 0 8 aim1 9 8 own words1 8to f\nd a family02 besides becom+ a b>on1 he m>ri$ 8 elde/ son to an heiress1 & ! climax ( 8 c>e] came :5 ,k+ ,george ,,iv came to visit 8 nor!rn dom9ion1 & to be ! noveli/'s gue/4 ,x s happ5$ t ?is k+ 0 an odi\s fat le*]2 b t made no diff]5ce1 he 0 ,sir ,walt]'s ,mo/ ,graci\s & ,sov]eign ,"l4 ,9 an ec/asy ( loyalty1 ! noveli/ took possession ( a glass f :i* ,8 ,maje/y _h drunk a toa/4 ,?is 0 to be pres]v$ z ! mo/ sacr$ ( ! treasures ( ,abbots=d2 b1 alas1 ! noveli/ put x 9 8 pocket1 & 9 a mom5t ( abs5t-m9d$ness sat d[n on x1 & cut himself sev]ely6 ,x did n occur to 8 pi\s s\l t ?is might be an ef=t ( ,provid5ce to tea* him some?+ ab\t dr9k+1 or ab\t ! wor%ip ( le*]\s k+s4 ,"h 9 ,hollywood we see ^! magic ca/les arise on ! movie lots2 we see ! co/umes reproduc$ ) m9ute exactitude1 & !n surm\nt+ !m we see ! heads ( scre5 dolls1 male & female1 l\nge liz>ds & jazz danc]s & que5s f dep>tm5t /ores & manicure p>lors4 ,& j s x is 9 ! novels ( ,sir ,walt]3 ! co/umes & sc5]y are ^? ( old-"t ,scotl&1 b ! *>act]s are ! g5tlem5 & s]vants & t5ants ( ,scott's own neighborhood4 ,he _h creative en]gy & a s5se ( humor1 he makes ! game v real1 & we c enjoy x1 provid$ we "k :at we are gett+4 ,x is n ev5 ,scott's own "t1 x is m]ely ! ,tory propag&a ( t "t4 ,x is m$ievalism & absolutism dress$ up & glorifi$1 ) e trace ( blood & fil? & horror wip$ away2 a fictioniz$ s]mon ^u ! text3 ,vote ! ,cons]vative ticket4 ,b alas = ! dreams ( /&-pat poets6 ,fir/ came ! ru9 ( 8 p]sonal hopes4 ,among ! rascals ( 8 gang 7 two :o p]suad$ him into a publi%+ bus9ess1 to reap ! millions out ( 8 popul>ity4 ,!y /ole ev]y?+ 9 sight1 & !n w5t bankrupt1 & left him at ! age ( fifty-five ) a debt ( a hundr$ & sev5te5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,he set to "w to write pot-boil]s & pay x (f2 an action :i* has made him a h]o to 8 biograph]s4 ,& ( c\rse1 x is an honorable ?+ = an arti/ to pay 8 debts2 we all "k t mo/ disagreeable ( *>act]s1 ! ,bohemian g5ius :o borr[s f ev]ybody he meets & repays no?+4 ,b x seems necess>y to po9t out t a noveli/ owes two debts2 "o to 8 bus9ess cr$itors1 & ! o!r to ^? :o are to read 8 books 9 future "t4 ,we are n satisfi$ ) ,sir ,walt]'s pot-boil]s1 & we d5y t a man ( g5ius has a "r to drive himself to dea? & br+ on a /roke ( p>alysis 9 f\r ye>s1 9 ord] to satisfy a romantic dream ( honor4 ,equally pitiful 0 ! wreck ( ,sir ,walt]'s political ideals4 ,9 va9 did he glorify ! loyalty ( ! ,scot* peasants1 _! fidelity to _! lairds2 9 va9 0 all 8 h\nd+ ( ! rebelli\s weav]s ) ! weapons ( ! law4 ,!y cont9u$ to organize1 & ! peasants began to mutt] & sn>l2 !y want$ ! vote1 !y clamor$ = rights bo? political & economic4 ,a mo/ wick$ project kn[n z ! ,re=m ,bill came up be=e ,p>liam5t1 to give ! vote to common work+ p2 & ,sir ,walt]1 sixty ye>s old & ill1 p]si/$ 9 tak+ "p 9 ! campaign4 ,he made a spee* 9 :i* he w>n$ ! audi5ce t all ^! lic5ti\s movem5ts came f ,france4 ,?is 0 =ty ye>s aft] ! ,fr5* revolution1 & ! ,bol%evik bogie _h lo/ its p[] to t]rify2 ,sir ,walt] 0 hiss$ by 8 audi5ce4 ,lat] on he p]sonally saw to ! arre/ ( a radical rascal on ! /reet1 & got himself /on$ & mobb$4 ,x 0 a %ock he nev] got ov]1 & he c>ri$ ! memory to 8 grave a ye> or two lat]4 ,fate is usually k9d to ag$ ,tories ( ?is sort2 x takes !m (f ! /age ( life be=e ! failure ( _! hopes is too app>5t4 ,imag9e ! %ock to ?is *ivalr\s old s\l if he c\ld come out ( 8 grave today1 & visit ! ,h\se ( ,p>liam5t1 & he> ! 8left w+0 memb]s1 elect$ f 8 belov$ highl&s1 %\t+ = ! ,dictator%ip ( ! ,prolet>iat6 ,n[ inde$ w\ld he say3 8,! c\ntry is m9$ bel[ our feet60 ,,*apt] ,,liv ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,magic ,! effect ( ! ,fr5* revolution ^u poets is a subject ( especial int]e/ to u1 because ! p]iod is s ne>ly id5tical ) our own4 ,!re 7 sev]al ,engli% poets ^: reactions to ! great ev5t x w pay u to consid]4 ,samuel ,taylor ,col]idge 0 a cl]gyman's son1 born 9 #aggb1 s t he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s old :5 ,k+ ,l\is' head fell into ! basket ( ! guillot9e4 ,at t "t ,col]idge 0 travel+ ab\t giv+ ,unit>ian lectures1 a mo/ revolution>y occupation4 ,he met ano!r "y en?usia/1 ,rob]t ,s\!y1 & !y _h a ,utopian dream ( a free community on ! banks ( ! ,susquehanna ,riv]4 ,x 0 to be call$ ! ,pantisocracy1 & to get funds ,col]idge set out to canvass = 8 ,unit>ian pap]4 ,! dream end$ :5 ! two poets m>ri$ si/]s4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-eight we f9d ,col]idge 9 ! full tide ( ! reaction aga9/ ,france4 ,"o ( ! organs ( ! ,tory p>ty1 ! ,london 8,morn+ ,po/10 is pay+ him a sal>y to write articles clamor+ = r5ewal ( ! w> on ! ,fr5* republic2 x 0 said 9 ,p>liam5t t ! rupture ( ! peace 0 br\ght ab\t by ^! articles4 ,= ! balance ( 8 days ! "o-"t ,unit>ian 0 a pill> ( ! ,anglican *ur*1 & ( e =m ( reaction4 ,he _h become a devotee ( ,g]man metaphysics1 also ( opium2 a w&]] & a wreck1 liv+ on *>ity1 & plann+ colossal lit]>y labors :i* came to no?+4 ,he 0 s5t to a nurs+-home "u ! *>ge ( a physician1 :]e he di$ at ! age ( sixty-two4 ,s mu* = ! life2 & n[ = ! poetry4 ,!re are only a few hundr$ l9es ( x1 all writt5 be=e ! poet ent]$ ! ,tory s]vice4 ,a /udy ( x makes cle> ! spiritual trag$y2 x is poetry ( emotion & music1 ) a total abs5ce ( judgm5t & w4 ,f only "o ( ! poems1 8,! ,anci5t ,m>9]10 c y extract a human mean+2 t if "o man commits an act ( cruelty aga9/ a bird1 ! moral =ces ( ! univ]se w puni% a %ipload ( innoc5t m51 sp>+ only ! "o :o is guilty6 ,x is ! poetry ( opium4 ,inde$1 ! mo/ fam\s ( all ! v]ses1 8,kubla ,khan10 0 actually an opium dream1 transf]r$ to pap] aft] return to consci\sness-- 8,n[1 hold on a mom5t10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,"h is a lett] f a ,poet4 ,y are go+ to h a lot ( !m read+ ?is book1 & want+ to pull y\r hair out2 s y might z well h x out ) !m n[4 ,?is ,poet names #8,kubla ,khan' z ! p]fect type ( ! #8pure' poem40 8,i "k4 ,sw9burne calls x1 #8= absolute melody & spl5dor ! fir/ poem 9 ! language4' ,x happ5s t ! fir/ five l9es sum up ! :ole2 s x w pay u to /op & analyze !m1 take !m ap>t1 syllable by syllable1 & see h[ ! trick is done4 ,i quote ! l9es2 & 9 ord] to play fair ) ! poet1 %ut y\r eyes & give y\rself up to 8 spell4 ,if y h any feel+ = beauty ( words1 y w feel a *ill runn+ up & d[n y\r sp9e40 ,9 ,xanadu did ,kubla ,khan ,a /ately pleasure-dome decree3 ,:]e ,alph1 ! sacr$ riv]1 ran ,?r\gh cav]ns measureless to man ,d[n to a sunless sea4 ,fir/ ( all1 note ! met]2 e long syllable is naturally long1 & e %ort syllable is naturally %ort2 s ! l9es fl[ s(tly1 l runn+ waves4 ,n m]ely are ! rhymes p]fect1 !re are hidd5 rhymes scatt]$ ?r\gh ! l9es2 ! ,xanadu & ,khan1 also ! two u's 9 ! fir/ l9e1 & ! two a's 9 ! f\r? l9e4 ,note ! repetition ( ! consonant s\nds4 ,! ,x 9 ! fir/ l9e is pron\nc$ z ,k2 & we h se5 %rewd bus9ess m5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates collect _m millions ( doll>s f ! ,am]ican p by ! magic ( ! lett] ,k ?ree times repeat$4 ,!re are two d's 9 ! second l9e1 f\r r's 9 ! ?ird1 two m's 9 ! f\r?1 two s's 9 ! fif?4 ,!re is n a s+le h>% s\nd 9 ! entire five l9es2 !y h e musical *>m t is possible to words4 ,s mu* = ! s\nds2 & n[ = ! s5se4 ,let u take x ^w by ^w1 & see :at x tells u4 ,xanadu3 a place y nev] he>d (1 !re=e my/]i\s1 /imulat+ to ! imag9ation2 tak5 9 connection ) ,kubla ,khan1 x sugge/s ,t>t> despotism1 cruelty1 t]ror4 8,a /ately pleasure-dome03 magnific5ce 9 ! fa%ion ( ! ,arabian ,nights1 extravagance1 a free re9 to desire4 ,! ^w 8decree0 re9=ces ?is2 sugge/+ an ,ori5tal despot1 :o foll[s 8 :ims )\t re/ra9t4 8,alph03 an unkn[n /ream1 !re=e my/]i\s4 8,! sacr$ riv]03 ?is re9=ces ! idea ( despotism1 add+ to our fe> ( e>?ly k+s t ( an all-p[]ful "o 9 heav54 8,cav]ns measureless to man03 aga9 my/]y1 & ! fe> :i* ! unkn[n inspires4 8,sunless sea03 ?is cl5*es ! impression2 = )\t ! sun !re c be no life1 & ! picture is ! la/ ^w 9 desolation4 ,! re/ ( ! poem is 9 ! same key4 ,we he> ab\t 8ance/ral voices prophesy+ w>10 & a /ream haunt$ 8by woman wail+ = h] demon lov]40 ,we are told ab\t 8an ,abyss9ian maid10 8a damsel ) a dulcim]10 etc4 ,note t ev]yone ( ^! images appeals to reaction>y emotions1 fe> or s5suality2 ,by s5suality ! reason is dragg$ f its ?rone2 :ile fe> de/roys all activity ( ! m9d1 caus+ abasem5t & submission4 ,moreov]--& "h is ! po9t ess5tial to our argum5t--almo/ e image 9 ?is poem turns out on exam9ation to be a lie4 ,!re is no su* place z ,xanadu2 & ,kubla ,khan has no?+ to tea* u b avoidance4 ,8 pleasures 7 bloody & infam\s1 & !re 0 no?+ 8/ately0 ab\t 8 8pleasure-dome40 ,!re nev] 0 a riv] ,alph1 & ! sacr$ness ( any riv] is a fiction ( a prie/ly ca/e1 prey+ on ! p4 ,!re are no 8cav]ns measureless to man02 :ile z = a 8sunless sea10 a few arc-lights w\ld solve ! problem4 ,! 8woman wail+ = h] demon lov]0 is a savage's nightm>e2 :ile z = ! 8,abyss9ian maid10 %e w\ld h h] tee? black5$ & w\ld /9k ( rancid palm oil4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end1 ! poem deals ) ?+s :i* are s5sual1 cruel1 & fatal to hope4 ,^! old fe>s & crav+s are buri$ deep 9 our subconsci\sness2 ! poet t\*es !m1 & !y quiv] inside u1 & we don't "k :at x means1 s we call x 8magic40 ,t is ! favorite t]m ( ! art = art's sak]s2 !y don't "k :at ?is 8magic0 is1 & !y don't want to "k1 b ! psy*oanaly/ tells !m4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,our ,poet w be pa9$4 ,he lives by magic1 & y seek to de/roy x60 ,says ,ogi3 8,!re are emotions equally ?rill+1 equally wond]ful1 :i* are /irr$ by ! discov]y ( new tru? & ! contemplation ( progress4 ,:at ,i am try+ to d is to p]suade ! poets to use _! bra9s & common s5se1 & apply melody & beauty ( s\nd to ! good ?+s ( ! future1 in/ead ( to ! evil ?+s ( ! pa/40 8,give !m a few illu/rations10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i w "n eight ?+s :i* h be5 9 my daily newspap]s dur+ ! pa/ week1 any "o ( :i* is e bit z excit+1 e bit z provocative ( ec/asy z #8,kubla ,khan4' 8,numb] ,"o3 ,! air is full ( music1 travel+ half way r\nd ! e>?4 ,numb] ,two3 ,a]oplanes are circl+ ! e>? = ! fir/ "t 9 hi/ory4 ,numb] ,?ree3 ,a sci5ti/ has giv5 8 life 9 ! ef=t to f9d a cure = canc]4 ,numb] ,f\r3 ,m>s is com+ ne>]1 & we h a *ance to le>n h[ ! canals are made1 & p]haps to get messages f a new race4 ,numb] ,five3 ,9 a physics laboratory1 only two or ?ree miles f our home1 m5 are tak+ ! atom to pieces & prep>+ to extract its en]gy4 ,numb] ,six3 ,we are discov]+ h[ to take control ( our subconsci\s m9ds & ma/] our hidd5 life4 ,numb] ,sev53 ,a gr\p ( sci5ti/s 9 ,new ,york are explor+1 by means ( laboratory te/s1 ! en]gies we call #8psy*ic4' ,numb] ,eight3 ,9 e civiliz$ c\ntry today ! work]s are organiz+ !mselves to put an end to p>asitism bas$ ^u class privilege4 8,"h are eight !mes = poets1 e "o ( :i* has ! advantage ( be+ real1 & n fad+ away ^u analysis4 ,"h are pleasure-domes t are truly 8/ately10 riv]s t are truly 8sacr$10 cav]ns t are truly 8measureless to man40 ,^! mod]n !mes h only "o drawback1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! poet2 !y require him to ?9k z well z to feel60 ,,*apt] ,,lv ,,! ,,tory ,,:ip ,ano!r poet :o 0 fright5$ out ( 8 wits by ! ,fr5* revolution 0 ,rob]t ,s\!y4 ,b he took to respectability in/ead ( to opium4 ,he 0 born 9 #aggd1 ! son ( a l95 drap]4 ,at ! age ( n9ete5 he 0 full ( ,r\sseau1 ,goe!1 & ! 8infidelity0 ( ,gibbon4 ,he 0 s ke5 = ,france t he wrote an epic ab\t ,joan ( ,arc2 also he plann$ ! 8,pantisocracy0 ) ,col]idge4 ,b !n he m>ri$ ! o!r si/]1 & 0 %ock$ by ! ,t]ror2 a weal?y man gave him an annuity1 & he settl$ d[n to write long & romantic poems ab\t pr9ces & conqu]ors1 ,celtic1 ,mexican1 ,arab1 ,indian--/age prop]ties f all ov] ! _w1 comb9$ ) /&>d ,briti% moraliz+4 ,9 less ?an t5 ye>s we f9d ,s\!y evolv$ into a pill> ( reaction2 at ! age ( ?irty-?ree he receiv$ a p5sion f ! gov]nm5t1 & two ye>s lat] he jo9$ ,walt] ,scott & ,gif=d z ! lit]>y :ips ( ! ,tory p>ty4 ,!y publi%$ ! 8,qu>t]ly ,review10 & we %all see be=e long :at !y did to ,byron1 ,%elley & ,keats4 ,at ?irty-n9e ,s\!y became ! laureate1 & deliv]$ ! cu/om>y ,new ,ye>'s ode 9 support ( *ur* & /ate2 a proc$ure 8 biograph] def5ds by expla9+ t he 80 e>n+ a provision = 8 girls40 ,x is ( c\rse a pleasant ?+ = a poet ) _m daught]s to save up ! pur*ase price ( a husb& = ea*2 b :at ab\t ! cotton sp9n]s1 ^: t5-ye>-old daught]s 7 work+ f\rte5 & sixte5 h\rs a day 9 ! mills1 ) ! ,tory squir>*y tax+ ! bread out ( _! m\?s8 ,= c5turies ! lit]>y jackals :o s]v$ ! ,briti% rul+ classes _h />v$ 9 g>rets2 b n[ _! s]vices 7 beg9n+ to be appreciat$1 & !y 7 admitt$ to ! class !y def5d$4 ,! dilig5t ,s\!y wrote a 8,naval ,biography10 a hymn ( praise to ,brita9's sea-lords1 & got five hundr$ p\nds p] volume = x1 & e/abli%$ himself z ,engl&'s lead+ man ( lett]s4 ,b alas1 !re 0 a skeleton 9 8 lit]>y closet4 ,9 8 y\? he _h writt5 a poem 9 praise ( ,watt ,tyl]1 prolet>ian rebel ( old ,engl&2 & n[ someone got hold ( ! manuscript1 & publi%$ x secretly1 & ,s\!y's frantic ef=ts 9 ! c\rts fail$ to /op x4 ,sixty ?\s& copies 7 sold1 & a memb] ( ,p>liam5t /ood up & read extracts f x1 side by side ) ! laureate's late/ article 9 ! 8,qu>t]ly ,review10 d5\nc+ p>liam5t>y re=m4 ,to ! respectability ( ,s\!y's "t ?is read+ 0 an outrage1 b = my "p1 x is ! only read+ ( ,s\!y ,i ev] enjoy$4 ,"h 0 a s*ol>1 /&+ on 8 lit]>y dignity--& :at 0 8 attitude to 8 fell[ au?ors :o _h n sold out8 ,he clamor$ = ,hunt & ,hazlitt to be deport$ to a p5al settlem5t2 :ile = ,byron he want$ 8! :ip & ! br&+-iron06 ,we today "k ,s\!y by 8 8,life ( ,nelson10 :i* s]ves z requir$ read+ 9 mo/ ,am]ican high s*ools4 ,we are told t ?is is because x is a great "w ( lit]ature1 b ! true reason is because x is a "w ( propag&a = ! ,army & ,navy ,league4 ,if y want to /udy ! art ( h]o-mak+1 note ! biograph]'s deft h&l+ ( ! ,lady ,hamilton episode ( ,nelson's c>e]4 ,?is regulation movie 8vamp0 _h m>ri$ an ,engli% nobleman 9 8 dotage2 & %e got hold ( ,nelson 9 ,naples1 :]e %e 0 ! favorite ( an unspeakably corrupt c\rt4 ,s\!y tells u !re 0 no?+ 8crim9al0 9 ! h]o's relation%ip to ?is lady2 :i* is ! ,engli% way ( /at+ t ,nelson did n commit adult]y4 ,if ?is be true1 x is r s+ul> t ,nelson %\ld h believ$ himself ! fa!r ( ,lady ,hamilton's two *ildr56 ,! que5 ( ?is ,neapolitan c\rt 0 a si/] ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 ! ,fr5* que5 :o _h told ! p to eat cake if !y c\ld n get bread2 & ?r\gh ,lady ,hamilton's hold on ,nelson1 he 0 l$ to use ! ,briti% fleet 9 fur!rance ( ,neapolitan royali/ conspiracies1 & 9 defiance ( ord]s f home4 ,b y don't f9d any ( t 9 ,s\!y6 ,y are told t :5 ,nelson return$ to ,engl&1 he 8sep>at$ f0 8 wife2 ! fact be+ t 8 wife left him because he insi/$ on br++ ! 8vamp0 lady to live 9 ! home ) h]6 ,9 view ( ^! details1 ,i ask$ ,am]icans to consid] :e!r x w\ld n be bett] = _! *ildr5 to read ab\t ! democratic ,engli% h]oes1 su* z ,john ,milton & ,oliv] ,cromwell & ,isaac ,newton & ,john ,rusk9 & ,keir ,h>die8 ,,*apt] ,,lvi ,,! ,,fe> ,,t ,,kills ,"o m1 & we are done ) ! melan*oly tale ( ! poets :o ran away f ! ,fr5* revolution4 ,william ,wordswor? 0 born 9 #aggj1 8 fa!r be+ lawy] to a noble e>l :o robb$ him ( five ?\s& p\nds4 ,t may possibly h acc\nt$ = "s ( ! e>ly rebelli\s emotions ( ! poet4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,cambridge at ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 & w5t to ,france at ! height ( ! revolution>y f]vor4 ,he has told u 9 8 v]se ( ! /irr+s :i* !n possess$ him2 to be "y at su* a "t 80 v heav540 ,b ! poet1 9 tell+ u ab\t 8 exp]i5ces 9 ,france1 left out a vital "p !re(4 ,! /ory _h to wait a c5tury & a qu>t] be=e a pr(essor ( ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity dug x out4 ,:ile ,wordswor? 0 abroad he c>ri$ on an affair ) a "y ,fr5* girl ( good family4 ,%e bore him a daught]1 b he did n m>ry h]2 in/ead1 he came back to ,engl&1 & liv$ mo/ pi\sly ) 8 si/]1 & became a prea*] ( ! proprieties4 ,we c und]/& h[1 look+ back on ,france1 x seem$ to him a l& ( lic5se1 m]it+ /]n rebuke f a ,briti% morali/4 ,8 fir/ book ( poems1 8,lyrical ,ballads10 0 publi%$ 9 #agih4 ,he _h by !n become a reaction>y 9 religion & politics1 b 9 poetry he 0 an innovator1 because he dealt ) ! simple1 e-day feel+s ( 8 own he>t1 & ) ! peasant p ( 8 neighborhood4 ,he 0 m]cilessly ridicul$ by ! critics1 & retir$ into himself1 to live a frugal life ^u an income ( a hundr$ p\nds a ye>1 bequea!d to him by a well-to-d fri5d4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! ,briti% rul+ class realiz$ t !re 0 no real h>m 9 ?is nature-my/ic1 & at ! age ( =ty-?ree he receiv$ a sal>y z a di/ributor ( /amps2 n9e ye>s lat] an annuity 0 all[$ him1 & a ye> aft] t he became poet laureate4 ,he passionately oppos$ e political re=m1 & compos$ a s]ies ( 8,ecclesia/ical ,sonnets10 deal+ ) ! *ur* rigm>ole ( ,engl&2 also a pamphlet bitt]ly attack+ ! proposition to run a railroad into ! c\ntry ( 8 dreams4 ,at ! age ( sev5ty-five we f9d him1 :ite-hair$ & v5]able1 kneel+1 9 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge assembly1 to kiss ! h& ( an extremely dull "y girl by ! "n ( ,victoria4 ,wordswor? 0 "o ( ! tea*]s ( my y\?1 & ,i d n want to be unju/ to him because he turn$ ,tory be=e ?irty4 ,:at we h to d is to und]/& him1 & to draw a moral f him4 ,! wor%ip ( ,nature is l ! wor%ip ( ,god2 z a rule x is a reaction>y influ5ce1 cutt+ "o (f f real life2 b "h & !re x may be a s\rce ( inn] en]gy1 enabl+ a man to /& = 8 own convictions aga9/ ! _w4 ,to ,wordswor? 9 8 e>ly days ,nature 0 t1 & no poet has utt]$ 9 m noble & beautiful language ?is s5se ( on5ess ) ! great "m ( all life4 ,8 writ+ at its be/ is z beautiful1 & also z s\nd1 z any?+ 9 ,engli%4 ,b "h is ! po9t to get cle>3 practically all ?is poetry 0 writt5 9 eight ye>s2 y might c\nt on y\r t5 f+]s & t5 toes all ! l9es t ,wordswor? wrote aft] ! age ( ?irty-five :i* are wor? anyone's :ile to read4 ,9 my y\?1 :5 ,i 0 /udy+ poetry1 x 0 my habit to g ?r\gh a poet1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ page ( volume "o & end+ ) ! la/ page ( volume five1 or t51 or :atev] x might be4 ,9 ! case ( ,wordswor?1 x 0 volume twelve1 & he 0 ! "o poet ) :om ,i fell d[n4 ,! 8,ecclesia/ical ,sonnets0 f9i%$ me2 ,i te/ify t ( all ! dre>y drivel 9 ! _w's lit]ature1 ?is c>ries ! prize4 ,!re 7 two m5 9 ,wordswor?3 ! in/9ctive man1 :o exp]i5c$ ov]:elm+ feel+s1 & ! consci\s man1 :o 0 t]rifi$ by ^? feel+s4 ,?is is no guess ( m9e1 b some?+ :i* ,wordswor? himself expla9$ ov] & ov] aga93 8,my appreh5sions come 9 cr[ds4444 ,my =m] ?\ghts return$3 ! fe> t kills4444 ,me ?is un*>t]$ fre$om tires2 ,i feel ! weight ( *ance desires40 ,s ! ,wordswor? :o believ$ 9 ! ,tory p>ty & ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles put ! screws on ! poet1 & n m]ely ! emotions1 b ! bra9s ( a great g5ius )]$ be=e ! age ( =ty4 ,! cases ( ,col]idge1 ,s\!y & ,wordswor? sugge/ ! inquiry3 is x possible = a great poet to be a cons]vative8 ,9 old times1 yes2 = ! cons]vatives !n _h some?+ to say = !mselves4 ,b 9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s ! mean+ ( ! class /ruggle has become s app>5t1 ! consequ5ces ( class exploitation h become s obvi\s1 t a man :o fails to see !m mu/ be defici5t 9 intellig5ce1 a man :o fails to c>e ab\t !m mu/ be defici5t 9 he>t & consci5ce2 & ^! are ?+s )\t :i* great poetry _c be made4 ,,*apt] ,,lvii ,,! ,,fir/ ,,"l ,,( ,,lett]s ,=tunately n all ! poets ( ,engl& let !mselves be fright5$ into reaction by ! ,fr5* revolution4 ,george ,gordon1 ,"l ,byron1 0 born 9 #aghh4 ,8 fa!r 0 a rake & blackgu>d4 8,y\r "m is a fool10 said a s*oolmate2 & ,byron answ]$1 8,i "k x40 ,?is1 y mu/ admit1 0 a poor />t 9 life = a boy4 ,he _h a club foot1 conc]n+ :i* he 0 frightfully s5sitive2 b 9 o!r ways he 0 div9ely h&some1 & mu* s\ght aft] by ! ladies2 s he alt]nat$ betwe5 fits ( solitude & melan*oly1 & o!r fits ( amor\s excess4 ,be+ a "l1 he 0 a great p]son all 8 life4 ,be+ a man ( g5ius1 he enorm\sly increas$ 8 greatness4 ,he liv$ always be=e ! _w1 9 "o sublime pose or ano!r1 & compos$ :ole epics ab\t himself & 8 moods4 ,he travel$1 & became a cosmopolitan figure1 & wild tales 7 spread conc]n+ 8 adv5tures 9 ,europe4 ,!n he came back to ,engl&1 & publi%$ a poem1 8,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage10 :i* made su* a s5sation z ,brita9 _h nev] kn[n be=e4 8,i awoke "o morn+ & f\nd myself fam\s10 he said4 ,b he affect$ to despise ?is fame2 he1 a noble "l1 mu/ n be confus$ ) vulg> writ+ fell[s4 ,he w\ld toss a manuscript to 8 publi%]s ) a c>eless ge/ure--?\gh ! manuscript might be wor? "o or two ?\s& p\nds4 ,i _c recall any high-up ari/ocrat :o a*iev$ lit]>y greatness to comp>e ) ,byron2 he 0 ! fir/ "l ( lett]s ( t age & ( all ages4 ,he compos$ a s]ies ( v]se romances1 tales ( ,ea/]n despots & _! crimes1 9 ! fa%ion ( ! day4 ,!y 7 full ( melody & rhy?m1 & _! h]oes 7 always t melan*oly1 sublime1 outlaw figure :i* we kn[n z 8,byronic40 ,?is autobiographic h]o 0 eag]ly tak5 up by ! fa%ionable _w1 especially ! female "p4 ,"o great lady1 already suppli$ ) a husb&1 ador$ ! poet wildly1 !n despis$ him1 ?reat5$ to kill him1 attack$ him 9 a novel1 & f9ally1 :5 %e met 8 fun]al cortege 9 ! /reet1 fa9t$ & w5t insane4 ,he m>ri$ an heiress1 q cynically = h] money1 sp5t ! money1 & _h ev]y?+ he own$ atta*$ by 8 cr$itors4 ,!n 8 wife left him1 ) h9ts ( my/]i\s wick$ness4 ,he 0 ov]:elm$ by a /orm ( abuse1 & w5t into exile = ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,! wife nev] told h] /ory1 b _m ye>s lat] ! ,am]ican noveli/1 ,h>riet ,bee*] ,/[e1 publi%$ :at %e claim$ 0 ! tru?1 t ,byron _h be5 guilty ( ince/ ) 8 half-si/]4 ,8 lord%ip _h by t "t become a 8/&>d au?or10 & ! critics 7 outrag$ by ,mrs4 ,/[e's indiscretion2 ev5 n[ !y d n speak out l\d ab\t ! matt]4 ,9 ,switz]l& ! poet met ,%elley1 ! be/ influ5ce t ev] came into 8 life4 ,he recogniz$ ?is new fri5d z ! pure/ s\l he knew1 & prais$ 8 "* ard5tly 9 8 lett]s1 ?\gh he nev] paid ! public tribute to ,%elley's writ+s :i* !y des]v$4 ,%elley turn$ ,byron's ?\ghts to politics1 & he wrote 8,! ,prison] ( ,*illon10 "o ( ! noble/ ( 8 poems4 ,b !n he w5t (f to ,v5ice1 & amus$ himself ) num]\s intrigues1 & got fat4 ,he began 8,don ,juan10 a new k9d ( epic poem1 mock+ itself1 z well z ev]y?+ else4 ,x is a hateful picture ( a hateful _w1 b x has almo/ inf9ite v]ve & en]gy1 & we recognize 9 x a great _s try+ to lift itself above an age ( corruption by ! in/rum5t ( scorn4 ,x 0 ! "t ( ! 8,holy ,alliance10 & ! few m5 :o c>$ = fre$om 7 liv+ 9 exile or hid+ f ! police4 ,byron associat$ ) ^! revolutioni/s1 & gave !m bo? money & 8 "n4 ,he became a neighbor ( ,%elley's1 & aga9 imm]s$ himself 9 politics & lit]ature4 ,he wrote 8 drama 8,ca910 9 :i* he deals ) ! problems ( human fate f ! revolution>y po9t ( view4 ,to ! religioni/s ( ! "t1 ?is 0 mo/ awful blasphemy2 ! poet ,s\!y fro!d at ! m\?1 & wrote 8 8,vision ( ,judgm5t10 portray+ ! damnation ( ,byron4 ,8 angry lord%ip came back ) a poem ( ! same "n--s effective t ! publi%] 0 jail$ = six mon?s6 ,"o /anza1 describ+ ! poet laureate1 w s]ve = a sample ( ,byron's fight+ mood3 ,he _h writt5 praises ( a regicide2 ,he _h writt5 praises ( all k+s :atev]2 ,he _h writt5 = republics f> & wide1 ,& !n aga9/ !m bitt]] ?an ev]3 ,= pantisocracy he once _h cri$ ,al\d1 a s*eme less moral ?an 'twas clev]2 ,!n grew a he>ty anti-jacob9-- ,_h turn$ 8 coat--& w\ld h turn$ 8 sk94 ,byron _h n[ become ! voice ( lib]ty aga9/ reaction ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,& ?is 0 a br& new ?+1 seem+ a k9d ( insanity to ! ,tories4 ,!re _h be5 an abundance ( dissipat$ lords1 b nev] be=e a "l ( revolt6 ,byron jo9$ ! secret society ( ! ,c>bon>i1 & took "p 9 _! attempt to free ,italy4 ,:5 !y fail$1 he 0 n disc\rag$1 b wrote3 8,!re w be blood %$ l wat]1 & te>s l mi/2 b ! peoples w conqu] 9 ! end40 ,9 ^? words we "k ! voice ( a ?9k] & a man4 ,he 0 n[ ?irty-five ye>s ( age1 re/less1 torm5t$ by a s5se ( futility4 ,! ,greek p 7 c>ry+ on a w> = lib]ation aga9/ ! ,turks1 & ,byron w5t to help !m1 & ?us set a cr[n ^u 8 life4 ,he di$ ( a fev]1 e>ly 9 ! campaign2 & s today1 :5 we ?9k ( him1 we ?9k n m]ely ( a nobleman & a poet1 b ( a man :o laid d[n weal? & fame & worldly position = ! greate/ ( all human ideals4 ,9 ! beg9n+ he _h writt5 to amuse himself & 8 read]s2 he _h cat]$ to _! s5tim5talism & _! folly4 ,b 9 ! end he came to despise 8 read]s1 & wrote only to %ock !m4 ,!y _h made a _w ( lies2 & "o man w\ld tell !m ! tru?4 ,t is :y today we rank him z a _w =ce 9 ! hi/ory ( lett]s4 ,we are no long] ! lea/ bit ?rill$ by 8 wick$ness2 we ?9k ( su* ?+s z pa?ological & are mov$ only to pity4 ,we d n see any?+ picturesque ab\t a great "l :o travels ov] ,europe ) a tra9 ( horses & c>riages1 dogs1 f[ls1 monkeys1 s]vants1 & mi/resses2 ! ,sunday supplem5ts ( our newspap]s h ov]-suppli$ u ) su* mat]ial4 ,b we are int]e/$ 9 a poet :o possess$ a cle> eye & a cle> bra91 :o saw ! tru?1 & spoke x to all ,europe1 & help$ to set free ! future ( ! race4 ,,*apt] ,,lviii ,,! ,,angel ,,( ,,revolt ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley 0 born 9 #agib1 :i* made him f\r ye>s y\ng] ?an ,byron4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! ri*e/ b>onet 9 ! c\nty ( ,sussex1 a great l&lord & a f]oci\s ,tory1 :o typifi$ ! _s ( 8 age & drove 8 son almo/ to madness4 ,! boy 0 s5t to s*ool at ,eton1 a dreadful place inhabit$ by gnomes :o we> all day ! clo!s :i* our little ri* boys we> to ev5+ p>ties1 & ! hats :i* our gr[n-up ri* boys we> to ! op]a4 ,!y _h a sy/em ( *ild slav]y kn[n z 8fagg+10 & ,%elley revolt$ aga9/ x & 0 tortur$4 ,he 0 a swift1 pr\d _s1 made frantic by ! sight or ev5 ! ?\ght ( tyranny2 s s5sitive t he swoon$ at ! sc5t ( ! fl[]s 9 ! ,alp9e valleys4 ,he 0 gift$ ) a m>vel\s m9d1 rav5\s = k1 & absorb+ x at incr$ible spe$4 ,he w5t to ,ox=d1 :]e at ! age ( n9ete5 he publi%$ a pamphlet entitl$1 8,! ,necessity = ,a!ism40 ,a read+ discloses t ! title might bett] h be5 8,! ,necessity = ,aboli%+ ,ecclesia/icism ,masqu]ad+ z ,*ri/ianity40 ,b x is n likely t su* a *ange ( title w\ld h help$ ,%elley1 :o 0 unc]emoni\sly kick$ out ( ! univ]sity1 & ca/ (f by ! ,tory b>onet :o controll$ 8 purse-/r+s4 ,s we f9d him1 an outca/ 9 ,london1 liv+ 9 lodg+s & almo/ />v+4 ,he met a girl ( sixte51 ! daught] ( a c(fee-h\se proprietor1 & hop+ to conv]t h] to 8 sublime fai?1 he ran away & m>ri$ h]4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty we f9d him 9 ,irel&1 issu+ an 8,address to ! ,iri% ,p0 & circulat+ x on ! /reets4 ,! s*ol>ly critics ( ,%elley speak ( ?is z ! absurd extravagance ( boyhood2 :]eas x 0 pla9 common s5se & ! obvi\s moral duty ( e ,engli% poet4 ,inf9itely t\*+ x is to read ?is pamphlet1 & note its beauty ( _s & sublimity ( fai?1 n exce$$ by ! utt]ances ( ,jesus4 ,all t 0 wrong ) ,%elley's advice 0 t x 0 too good bo? = ,irel& & ,engl&4 ,= di/ribut+ x ,%elley's s]vant 0 s5t to jail = six mon?s4 ,! poet's wife _h no und]/&+ ( 8 ideals1 & ! c\ple 7 unhappy4 ,aft] two ye>s ( m>ri$ life1 ,%elley met ! sixte5-ye>-old daught] ( ,godw91 revolution>y philosoph]1 & ran away ) h]4 ,t 0 ! crime ( 8 life1 = :i* he 0 condemn$ to infamy by 8 own "t1 & has h>dly yet be5 p>don$4 ,two ye>s lat] 8 =m] wife dr[n$ h]self2 & ! ,briti% "l *ancellor depriv$ ! poet ( ! cu/ody ( _! two *ildr51 on ! gr\nd t he 0 an unfit p]son4 ,we %all discuss ! e?ics ( ?is affair lat] on4 ,suffice x = ! mom5t to say t ,%elley1 brok5 9 he>t b n 9 w1 fl$ to ! ,cont95t = refuge1 & devot$ ! la/ f\r ye>s ( 8 life to ! task ( ov]?r[+ ! ,briti% ca/e sy/em4 ,a hundr$ ye>s h pass$1 & he has n yet succe$$2 b let no "o be too sure t he w n succe$ 9 ! end6 ,he liv$ 9 ,switz]l& & ,italy1 & work$ ) desp]ate int5sity1 s t he br\ght on tub]culosis4 ,!re are no f\r ye>s 9 ! life ( any o!r writ] :i* gave u su* treasures ( ! m9d & _s4 ,! critics ( ,%elley judge him by 8 boyhood & 8 horrible sc&al4 ,b tak+ ^! la/ ye>s1 ! impression we get is ( maturity ( m9d1 dignity ( _s1 firmness ( judgm5t4 ,if y want to "k ?is ,%elley1 read ! wond]ful lett]s he wrote f ,switz]l&4 ,read 8 essay1 rec5tly discov]$ & publi%$1 8,a ,philosophical ,view ( ,re=m10 9 :i* ! :ole program ( radical propag&a is laid out ) p]fect insight & beauty ( utt]ance4 ,read 8,! ,def5se ( ,poetry10 "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( eloqu5ce 9 ,engli%4 ,note ! s\ndness ( 8 critical judgm5t1 :i* err$ 9 only "o respect--an "u-e/imate ( 8 own p[]s4 ,he 0 humble to ,byron1 a less] p]son bo? z poet & z man4 ,"o aft] ano!r ,%elley n[ p\r$ out ! m>vel\s works on :i* 8 fame is bas$4 ,he took ! old my? ( ,aes*ylus & wrote a drama1 8,prome!us ,unb\nd10 :i* might be describ$ z ! di/ill$ ess5ce ( revolt1 ! mo/ mod]n ( philosophical dramas1 proclaim+ ! defiance ( ! human _s to all orda9$ gods4 ,at ! o!r extreme1 & writt5 9 ! same ye>1 0 8,! ,c5ci10 a tragic /ory out ( ,r5aissance ,italy1 human & simple1 !re=e poignant & real4 ,! poet ,keats di$1 & ,%elley wrote 8,adonais0--& ^? :o ?9k t art exi/s = art's sake & beauty = beauty's sake1 make note t "h is a "w :i* comb9es all ! p]fections ( poetry1 & yet has a moral1 a fight+ message4 ,he wrote also political com$ies 9 ! /yle ( ,ari/ophanes--repres5t+ ,engli% society by an ec/atic *orus ( pigs4 ,s savage is ?is la%+ t ev5 today ,engli% critics keep sil5ce ab\t 8,swellfoot ! ,tyrant40 ,! odi\s fat le*]1 ,k+ ,george ,,iv1 0 su$ = divorce by 8 wife1 ,que5 ,c>ol9e1 & x 0 a mo/ horrible sc&al1 :i* ,brita9 h>dly d>$ to :isp]4 ,i rememb] :5 ,i 0 a /ud5t 9 college1 tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 se>*+ ! libr>ies 9 an ef=t to f9d out ! cont5ts ( ! 8,gre5 ,bag0 :i* figures 9 ,%elley's drama2 b no comm5tator w\ld tell me--& ,i don't "k yet6 ,%elley has ! qualities ( sublimity & f]vor2 also he has ! defects ( ^! qualities--he is (t5 w9dy & wordy & unreal4 ,b 9 8 la/ miracul\s ye>s he %$ ^! faults1 & produc$ lyrics ( su* lovel9ess t he is today ! poet ( poets1 ! s\l companion ( g5]\s & ideali/ic y\?4 ,9 8 8,mask ( ,an>*y0 are songs ( revolt :i* h rea*$ ! work]s--& :i* !re=e ,engli% critics /ill f9d x necess>y to deprecate6 ,a c\ple ( ye>s ago 0 celebrat$ 9 ,london ! anniv]s>y ( ,%elley's dea?1 & !re assembl$ a great numb] ( p ( ! sort :o w\ld h sk9n$ him :ile he 0 alive4 ,a fam\s editor1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,squires1 took occasion to quote ! poem3 8,m5 ( ,engl&1 :]e=e pl[80 ,h[ obvi\sly fooli%6 ,if ! m5 ( ,engl& did n pl[1 !y w\ld />ve6 ,b x j happ5s t ,%elley did n say t2 :at he said 03 8,m5 ( ,engl&1 :]e=e pl[ = ! lords :o lay ye l[80 ,& five million1 five hundr$ ?\s& labor votes e*o3 8,:]e=e80 ,?is poet ( ! future 0 scorn$ 9 8 lifetime1 z no o!r great ,engli%man 9 hi/ory4 ,he 0 ! byword ( ! lit]>y wits ( ,london2 8,prome!us ,unb\nd10 !y said1 an excell5t "n3 :o w\ld b9d x8 ,by ,sir ,walt] ,scott & 8 ruffians ( ! ,tory 8,review10 ,%elley's "n c\ld n be spok5 )\t cross+ y\rself4 ,! poet ,moore cri$ out 9 horror--,tommy1 little snob ( ! draw+-rooms1 :o 8de>ly lov$ a "l40 ,& ,wordswor?1 ignorant & bigot$1 liv+ among 8 peasants1 read+ no?+2 & ,s\!y1 turncoat & prig4 ,ev5 ,byron made no fight = ,%elley's fame2 :ile ,byron's fri5ds1 ! fa%ionable idl]s ( ! ,cont95t1 rebuk$ him = keep+ su* disreputable company4 ,ev5 two g5]ations lat] ! evil spell 0 n brok54 ,mat!w ,arnold1 /&>d ,engli% critic1 read ab\t ,%elley's fri5ds1 & lift$ 8 s*ol>ly h&s & cri$3 8,:at a set60 ,x did n occur to ! critic to ask :at o!r k9d ( set ,%elley might h _h4 ,:at p _h he to *oose among8 ,arnold _h n tri$ be+ a radical1 s z to see :at que] p sw>m ab\t y--especially :5 y are kn[n to h an income ( f\r ?\s& p\nds a ye>1 & to give away ne>ly all ( x6 ,a poet :o believes ev]y?+ good ab\t 8 fell[s1 & :o lives 9 dreams ( exalt$ nobl5ess1 is ! la/ p]son 9 ! _w to discov] ! faults ( ^? :o ga!r ab\t him4 ,& aft] he has made ! discov]y1 he rema9s a dream]2 in/ead ( ca/+ !m (f1 9 ! fa%ion ( ! good1 respectable _w1 he cl+s to !m1 try+ to help !m1 (t5 9 spite ( !mselves4 ,%elley believ$ 9 8free love10 & tri$ out 8 !ories2 & t horrifi$ ,mat!w ,arnold1 :o said aft] read+ ! record1 8,"o feels sick5$ =ev] ( ! subject ( irregul> relation%ips40 ,q s2 ,i also h se5 p try out ?is !ory1 & h felt sick5$4 ,b consid] ! "q1 9 :i* way w ! race m quickly acquire k z to ! rights & wrongs ( sex--if m5 say hone/ly :at !y believe1 & tell frankly :at !y d1 or if !y prea* "o code & practice ano!r1 & hide _! s9s 9 a d>k corn]8 ,%elley foll[$ ! =m] c\rse2 he 0 "y1 & knew no old] p]son :o und]/ood him & c\ld give him wise advice4 ,he believ$ t if y\r he>t 0 full ( g5]osity & k9dness & unselfi%ness & a burn+ s5se ( ju/ice1 y c\ld tru/ y\r desires1 ev5 ^? ( love4 ,he tri$ x1 & fill$ 8 life ) pa9 & trag$y4 ,& sev5ty or eighty ye>s lat] comes an em95t & well-e/abli%$ critic1 & 9 solemn tones prote/s t x is a crime aga9/ good ta/e to give u ^! facts6 ,let poets foll[ ! plan ( ,wordswor?1 :o s[$ 8 "o wild oat 9 a =eign l&1 & put a heavy /one ( sil5ce ov] ! crop1 & became a ,tory laureate & pill> ( ,*ur*ianity6 ,9 ! c\rse ( a hundr$ ye>s we h got all ! details ( ,%elley's two m>riages2 we "k t :5 he elop$ ) ,h>riet ,we/brook1 8 fir/ wife1 he told h] 8 ideas on ! subject ( love4 ,%e pr(ess$ to agree ) him2 b1 ( c\rse1 be+ a sixte5-ye>-old *ild1 t meant no?+4 ,%e 0 ignorant1 & 9 no way fitt$ to be ! life companion ( a great poet4 ,:5 ,%elley left h] he took c>e ( h] & ! two *ildr52 h] suicide two ye>s lat] 0 caus$ by ! fact t %e _h an unhappy love affair ) ano!r man1 & 0 ) *ild by ?is man4 ,"h is a problem :i* w n be solv$ 9 our "t1 nor = a long "t to come3 :at is to be done :5 two p h lov$1 & "o ceases to love :ile ! o!r goes on lov+8 ,= ! pres5t1 our only task is to get /raight ! facts ab\t ,%elley's case2 ! c5tral fact be+ t he 0 damn$ = hold+ a revolution>y op9ion & act+ on x4 ,if all he _h want$ 0 to indulge 8 passions & keep out ( tr\ble1 ! way 0 cle> be=e him2 ! old ,tory b>onet1 8 fa!r1 _h expla9$ ) brutal frankness t he w\ld nev] p>don a m>riage ) a woman bel[ ,%elley's rank 9 life1 b he 0 will+ to assume responsibility = ! support ( any numb] ( illegitimate *ildr5 ! poet might wi% to br+ into exi/5ce4 ,su* 0 ! moral code aga9/ :i* ,%elley revolt$2 su* 0 ! _w 9 :i* he tri$ to live accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 fre$om & love4 ,he di$ at ! age ( ?irty1 dr[n$ 9 a /orm :ile sail+ a boat2 & ) him p]i%$ ! f9e/ m9d ! ,engli% race _h produc$4 ,i make ?is /atem5t delib]ately1 kn[+ ! ridicule x w excite2 b ,i ask y1 be=e y decide3 take ! m5 ( g5ius ( ,engl& "o by "o1 wipe out _! lives aft] ! age ( ?irty1 & see :at y h left4 ,w y take ,%akespe>e8 ,y w "k him z ! au?or ( 8,v5us & ,adonis0 & 8,! ,rape ( ,lucrece0 & 8,love's ,labor ,lo/0 & 8,! ,com$y ( ,errors10 & possibly 8,ri*>d ,,iii0 & "s sonnets4 ,w y take ,milton1 ) 8,l',allegro0 & 8,il ,p5s]oso0 & 8,comus0 & 8,lycidas10 & no?+ else8 ,w y g to ! ,cont95t1 & take ,goe!1 :o outliv$ ,%elley8 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( ,goe! if y _h only 8,goetz0 & 8,w]!r0 & a few lyric poems8 ,%elley 0 "o among ! sons ( ,r\sseau :o did n falt] & turn back to feudalism1 ,ca?olicism1 or my/icism ( any sort4 ,he fix$ 8 eyes ^u ! future1 & nev] wav]$ = a mom5t4 ,he attack$ class privilege1 n m]ely political1 b indu/rial2 & s he is ! com+ poet ( labor4 ,"s day1 & t n s f> (f1 ! /rongholds ( class gre$ 9 ,brita9 w be /orm$1 & :5 ! lib]at$ work]s take up ! task ( mak+ a new culture1 !y w le>n t !re 0 "o inspir$ sa9t 9 _! hi/ory :o vision$ t glad day1 & gave up ev]y?+ 9 life to br+ x ne>]4 ,!y w honor ,%elley by mak+ him _! poet-laureate1 & hail+ him z ! supreme glory ( ,engli% lett]s4 ,,*apt] ,,lix ,,! ,,/able-,,keep]',s ,,son ,!re is "o m poet ( ?is p]iod ) :om we mu/ deal1 & t is ,john ,keats4 8,& n[ y are go+ to h y\r h&s full10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,ev]yone is q sure t ,keats is "o poet :o _c possibly be accus$ ( propag&a40 8,yes10 says h] husb&2 8an amus+ illu/ration ( ! ext5t to :i* leisure-class criticism is able to take ! guts out ( art4 ,"h is a man ^: life & p]sonality con/itute "o ( ! greate/ pieces ( radical propag&a 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% lit]ature40 8,at lea/ ! issue is fairly jo9$10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,g to x60 ,let u fir/ take ! life & p]sonality1 & aft]w>ds ! writ+s4 ,john ,keats 0 ! son ( a /able-keep]2 & if y don't "k :at t meant to ,briti% snobb]y !re is no way ,i c convey x to y4 ,he did n att5d a public s*ool or a univ]sity2 he did n le>n to walk & talk l an ,engli% g5tleman4 ,he 0 a simple1 crude fell[--a little *ap n mu* ov] five feet high--& 8 social exp]i5ces e>ly taught him ! lesson ( extreme res]ve2 he held himself alo( f ev]yone :o might by any possibility spurn him because ( 8 l[ e/ate4 ,ev5 ) ,%elley he w\ld n =get t he 0 deal+ ) ! son ( a b>onet2 ev]yone :o surr\nd$ ,%elley 0 try+ to get money f him1 & s ,keats despis$ !m & /ay$ ap>t4 8,he 0 ( ! skeptical1 republican s*ool10 wrote "o ( 8 boyhood intimates4 8,a fault f9d] ) ev]y?+ e/abli%$40 ,& ! fir/ poem :i* he got up ! c\rage to %[ 0 a sonnet ^u ! release ( ,leigh ,hunt1 :o _h be5 s5t to prison = two ye>s = writ+ an article d5\nc+ ! pr9ce reg5t4 ,?is poem 0 publi%$ 9 ,hunt's pap]1 ! 8,exam9]10 & ! notori\s editor became ! fri5d & *ampion ( ?is tw5ty-ye>-old poet4 ,meantime ,keats _h be5 appr5tic$ to a surgeon1 & became a dress] 9 a hospital4 ,he 0 call$ an apo!c>y's appr5tice2 & s :5 he publi%$ 8,endymion10 ! rul+-class critics ( ! day fell ^u him4 ,! insol5ce ( a l[-br$ fell[1 imag9+ t he c\ld write a poem deal+ ) ,greek my?ology1 ! field above all o!rs res]v$ to univ]sity culture6 8,back to y\r %op1 ,john10 cri$ ! 8,qu>t]ly ,review10 8back to pla/]s1 pills & o9tm5t boxes60 ,y see1 x 0 n a lit]>y issue at all2 x 0 a political & social issue4 ,9 8,blackwood's0 appe>$ a f]oci\s article1 d5\nc+ n m]ely ,keats1 b ! :ole 8cockney s*ool10 z x 0 call$2 ?is includ+ ,leigh ,hunt1 ,hazlitt1 ,lamb1 ,%elley & ,keats4 8,cockney0 is ! ^w by :i* ! cultur$ g5try ( ,engl& describe ! vulg> populace ( ,london1 :o drop _! h's & talk ab\t _! 8dyly pyp]40 ,! ,tory review]s 7 only incid5tally m5 ( lett]s2 !y 7 "y c\ntry squires amus+ !mselves ) radical-bait+1 !y 7 8a?letes1 outdoor m51 sportsm51 salmon-fi%]s1 de]-/alk]s40 ,!y ga!r$ at ,ambrose's & drank /rong ,scot* :iskey1 & sang a rollick+ song ( :i* ! *orus ran3 8,curse ! p1 bla/ ! p1 damn ! l[] ord]s40 ,& :5 !y attack$ ! 8,cockney0 poets1 x 0 n m]ely because ( _! v]ses1 b because ( _! clo?+ & _! faces & ev5 _! complexions4 8,pimply ,hazlitt0 0 _! phrase = ! greate/ essayi/ ( _! "t2 !y alleg$ t bo? ,hazlitt & ,lamb drank g9--& g9 0 ! dr9k = wa%]wom54 ,keats wrote 8,endymion0 at ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 & two ye>s lat] he suff]$ a hemorrhage1 :i* meant ! p]man5t break+ ( 8 heal?4 ,he wrote 8 la/ l9es at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r1 & di$ e>ly 9 8 tw5ty-fif? ye>4 ,s y see he _h n long to w9 8 way aga9/ ^! ari/ocratic r[dies4 ,he 0 poor1 & exquisitely s5sitive2 he suff]$ "u su* brutal attacks1 b he w5t on1 & did ! be/ "w he c\ld1 & said1 v quietly3 8,i ?9k ,i %all be among ! ,engli% poets aft] my dea?40 ,he realiz$ ! dignity ( 8 call+1 & 9 8 lett]s made cle> t he did n take ! ivory t[] attitude t[>d 8 art4 8,i am ambiti\s ( do+ ! _w "s good10 he wrote2 8if ,i %\ld be sp>$1 t may be ! "w ( future ye>s40 ,& 9 ! c\rse ( 8 con/ant self-criticism & grop+ aft] new me?ods & new p[]s1 he travel$ f> f ! naive s5su\sness ( 8 e>ly poems4 ,8 la/ "w 0 a k9d ( prologue to 8,hyp]ion10 9 :i* he discuss$ ! poet & 8 function1 & laid d[n ! law t only ^? c climb to ! high] alt> ( art to :om ! mis]ies ( ! _w ,are mis]y & w n let !m re/4 ,h[ ,keats felt on ! subject ( ! class /ruggle 0 />tl+ly indicat$ 9 ! la/ days ( 8 life4 ,dy+ ( consumption1 he took a sea voyage to ,italy1 a j\rney :i* 0 a frightful /ra9 ^u him4 ,he l&$ 9 ,naples2 & ,naples1 z we "k1 is w>m & beautiful1 a place = a poet to re/ & dream 94 ,b ,keats w\ld n dream2 he smelt ! f\l atmosph]e ( royali/ intrigue & tyranny1 & w\ld n /ay4 ,a fri5d took him to ! !at]1 & he saw a g5d>me /&+ on ei!r side ( ! /age1 & took t = a symbol ( c5sor%ip & despotism1 & w\ld n sit out ! p]=mance6 ,he di$ 9 ,rome1 & aft] 8 dea? ,%elley wrote 8,adonais10 a eulogy ( ,keats & an attack on 8 detractors4 ,little by little 8 fame began to spread1 & ev]y:]e x 0 recogniz$ by ! ,tories z "p ( ! class /ruggle ( ! "t4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott _h be5 pa9$ by ! p]sonal v5om ( ,lockh>t's attack 9 8,blackwood's02 b n en\gh to cause him to )draw 8 subsidy f ! magaz9e1 nor to prev5t 8 accept+ ,lockh>t z 8 son-9-law & future biograph]4 ,a "y ,engli%man ( radical sympa?ies def5d$ ,keats1 & a fri5d ( ,lockh>t's int]v5$ 9 ! argum5t1 & =c$ a duel ) ,keats' def5d]1 & kill$ him4 ,t is ! way lit]>y que/ions 7 settl$ 9 ^? days6 ,:5 y fight = ! fame ( ,keats y are ass]t+ ! idea t g5ius is n a privilege ( rank & weal?1 b t ! preci\s fire sm\ld]s also among ! masses ( ! p1 s t a /able-keep]'s son1 self-taught1 may become "o ( 8 c\ntry's greate/ poets4 ,"s critics w\ld accept t doctr9e n[2 b n all1 x w\ld appe>4 ,"h is ,h5ry ,a4 ,be]s1 em95t s*ol> & pr(essor ( ,engli% lit]ature 9 ,yale ,univ]sity1 writ+ 9 ! ,yale 8,review10 & say+3 8,!re 0 some?+ a little und]br$ ab\t ,hazlitt & ,leigh ,hunt1 & ev5 p]haps ab\t ,keats40 ,s mu* = ! man2 n[ = ! poetry4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be got cle> is t x is "y poetry2 x 0 all writt5 be=e ! age ( tw5ty-f\r4 ,an ignorant boy1 br\ght up 9 uncultur$ surr\nd+s1 gropes 8 way out into ! beauty & spl5dor ( art4 ,he is enraptur$1 quiv]+ ) delight2 nature to him is a p]petual ec/asy1 & words are jewels out ( :i* he makes ravi%m5t = ! s5ses4 ,he has a m>vel\s gift ( language1 spl5dor l a flood ( moonlight flung out ^u a m\nta9 lake4 ,he is 9 love1 fir/ ) nature1 !n ) a "y lady ( eighte51 :om he describes by ! adjectives 8/yli%0 & 8ignorant02 nev]!less1 he falls "u h] spell1 & aft] he is dead ! "y lady says t ! k9de/ ?+ p c d = him is to =get him4 ,s little does a great poet's dream ( fem99e lovel9ess und]/& 8 true "* & greatness6 ,we may be sure t if ,keats _h liv$ to m>ry ,fanny ,brawne he w\ld n h be5 happy1 & w\ld h realiz$ only too quickly t love is n m]ely a ?rill ( "y s5sibility1 a raptur\s 8,dream ( ,/4 ,agnes10 b a grave problem requir+ = its solution bo? reason & consci5ce4 ,! e>ly poetry ( ,keats repres5ts t /age ( simple1 in/9ctive1 unreflect+ delight :i* we call by ! "n 8,greek40 ,he *ose ,greek !mes & ,greek imag]y1 & 0 nev] m ,greek ?an :5 he tri$ to be m$ieval4 ,b ! mo/ significant ?+ ab\t 8 "w is ! quick matur+ ( x1 ev5 9 ^? scant f\r ye>s4 ,a %ad[ ( pa9 d>k5s 8 be+1 ! pangs ( fru/rat$ love wr+ cries ( angui% f him2 & s we come to ! second /age ( ! ,greek _s--! s5se ( fate1 ( cruelty hidd5 at ! he>t ( life1 ! t]ror & despair ( lovel9ess t kn[s x is doom$4 ,out ( ?is mood came 8 greate/ poems1 ! 8,ode on a ,grecian ,urn10 ! 8,ode to a ,night+ale10 ! 8,ode to ,melan*oly40 ,if anyone d5ies t ?is poet is try+ to tea* u some?+ ab\t life1 if anyone ?9ks !re is no message 9 ?is inf9ite m\rnfulness1 he has inde$ a feeble appreh5sion4 ,b let u1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 assume ) ! art = art's sak]s t ,keats 0 an e/hete1 & produc$ 8pure beauty10 unalloy$ by any prea*+4 ,w\ld t mean t we _h f\nd "s art :i* is n propag&a8 ,assur$ly n2 & ^? :o besiege u ) cont5ti\s examples--,keats1 ,gauti]1 ,:i/l]1 ,he>n1 etc4--simply %[ t !y h n und]/ood :at we mean by ! !sis t all art is propag&a4 ,x is t1 fundam5tally1 z an inescapable psy*ological fact2 & x does n cease to be t j because ! arti/ prea*es enjoym5t in/ead ( ef=t4 ,use y\r common s5se ^u ! proposition4 ,:5 an arti/ takes ! tr\ble to embody 8 emotions 9 an art =m1 he does s because he wi%es to convey ^? emotions to o!r p2 & ins(> z he succe$s 9 do+ t1 he w *ange ! emotions ( ! o!r p1 & *ange _! attitudes t[>d life & h5ce _! actions4 ,is x n j z mu* 8tea*+0 to proclaim ! supremacy ( ! s5su\s delights1 z to proclaim ! supremacy ( reason1 or ( any sy/em ( reason$ ?\ght8 ,:5 an arti/ composes a song on ! !me1 8,let u eat1 dr9k & be m]ry10 is he n sett+ =? a doctr9e ( life8 ,if n1 :y does he n g ahead & eat1 dr9k & be m]ry8 ,:y does he tr\ble to give advice to y & me8 ,:5 ,keats writes1 8,a ?+ ( beauty is a joy =ev]10 x is p]fectly pla9 t he is mak+ propag&a--& false propag&a1 s9ce /&>ds ( beauty are matt]s ( fa%ion1 v>y+ ) e social *ange4 ,he is mak+ propag&a :5 he decl>es t 8,beauty is tru?1 tru? beauty0--t is all ,ye "k on e>?1 & all ye ne$ to "k4 ,incid5tally he is reveal+ to u t he has done v little ?9k+ ab\t ei!r tru? or beauty1 b is cont5t to use ab/ract words )\t mean+ beh9d !m4 ,i h made cle>1 ,i hope1 t ,i consid] ! art ( ,keats an exquisitely beautiful art1 f9e & clean1 & a p]fectly prop] art = any lad to produce betwe5 ! ages ( tw5ty & tw5ty-f\r4 ,!re is a /age ( nave tru/ 9 in/9ct ?r\gh :i* y\? passes1 especially poetical y\?4 ,b :5 ?is /age is cont9u$ into maturity !n x becomes some?+ entirely diff]5t1 nei!r f9e1 nor clean1 nor beautiful2 x becomes /ale self-indulg5ce1 empty-m9d$ irresolution1 dawdl+ decad5ce4 ,all ^? ?+s manife/$ !mselves 9 ! lat] p]iods ( ,greek art1 & !y may be obs]v$ 9 our own p]iod ( ! breakd[n ( capitalism4 ,! ,tory p>ty came 9 ! end to realize t !re 0 no?+ really dang]\s 9 ! poetry ( ?is unhappy boy4 ,wise old ,tories l ,sir ,walt] ,scott _h kn[n x f ! beg9n+1 & "y ,tories l ,t5nyson & ,rossetti proclaim$ x4 ,keats himself 0 no long] alive to (f5d !m ) 8 ,cockney mann]s1 s !y took up 8 writ+s1 & made !m a bulw>k ( leisure-class culture 9 a /age ( arre/$ m5tality1 a res\rce ( critics :o wi% to keep ! "y f ?9k+ ab\t dang]\s mod]n que/ions4 ,b ,i v5ture ! op9ion t if ?is ,cockney /able-keep]'s son _h gr[n to manhood1 he w\ld h tak5 c>e ( 8 own de/9y1 & se5 to x t dilettanti idl]s & ae/hetic decad5ts %\ld f9d no com=t 9 8 "n & example4 ,8 lett]s give abundant evid5ce ( 8 capable m9d1 & assure u t if he _h be5 bless$ ) heal? he w\ld h matur$ into a ?9k]1 ev5 z ,john ,milton1 ! great companion ( 8 lat] days4 ,h[ mu* ! lip-s]v]s ( ,keats really und]/& him1 0 prov5 by a peculi> incid5t :i* befell me 9 my own y\?4 ,tw5ty-two ye>s ago ,i publi%$ 8,! ,j\rnal ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+10 a passionate def5se ( ! "r ( "y poets to survive2 & ( c\rse ,i sang enraptur$ praise ( ,keats1 & made him a text = excit$ tirades4 ,at t "t !re 0 a newspap] 9 ,new ,york call$ ! 8,ev5+ ,telegram10 own$ by ,james ,gordon ,b5nett1 a dissipat$ r[dy :o might h be5 a blood bro!r to ! ,tory cr[d :i* conduct$ 8,blackwood's0 & ! 8,qu>t]ly0 a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,?is 8,ev5+ ,telegram0 publi%$ a page ( book reviews e ,saturday1 boa/+ x ! mo/ widely circulat$ book page 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,its op9ion1 !re=e1 0 ( importance to a "y writ] hop+ to live by 8 p54 ,x review$ 8,! ,j\rnal ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+10 say+ t we might h sympa?iz$ ) ! /ruggles ( an un=tunate poet1 _h he n committ$ ! indiscretion ( giv+ u samples ( 8 writ+s1 :i* enabl$ u to be c]ta9 t he _h no idea :atev] ( poetry4 ,= example1 said ! editor1 "h 0 "o ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+'s effusions4 ,read x3 ,sit !e by ! +le1 :5 ,! se> faggot blazes bright1 ,_s ( a w9t]'s night6-- ,sit !e !re1 & s5d abroad ,) a m9d self-ov]aw'd ,fancy1 high-commission'd2--s5d h]6 ,%e has vassals to att5d h]2 ,%e w br+1 9 spite ( fro/1 ,beauties t ! e>? ha? lo/2 ,%e w br+ !e1 all toge!r1 ,all delights ( summ] wea!r2 ,all ! buds & bells ( ,may ,f dewy sw>d or ?orny spray2 ,all ! heapd ,autumn's weal?1 ,) a /ill1 my/]i\s /eal?2 ,%e w mix ^! pleasures up1 ,l ?ree fit w9es 9 a cup1 ,& ?\ %alt quaff x6-- ,poor ,ar?ur ,/irl+ 0 suppos$ to be dead1 s ,i ask$ a fri5d to write to ! editor ( ! 8,ev5+ ,telegram0 & po9t out to him t he _h misund]/ood ! book2 ! l9es quot$ 7 n submitt$ z ! "w ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+1 !y happ5$ to be ! "w ( ,john ,keats6 ,! editor publi%$ ?is reply ) an easygo+ comm5t2 x made a good joke1 he said1 b z a matt] ( fact he 0 ju/ifi$ 9 8 criticism1 because ! l9es belong$ to ! v e>ly "w ( ,keats1 :i* 0 practically )\t poetic m]it4 ,my fri5d wrote aga91 express+ surprise t ! editor %\ld make su* a /atem5t2 = ?is poem1 entitl$ 8,fancy10 belong$ to ! la/ two ye>s ( ,keats' life1 ! wond]ful ye>s :i* produc$ all 8 greate/ writ+s4 ,palgrave1 ^: au?ority none w\ld dispute1 _h includ$ x 9 ! 8,gold5 ,treasury10 :i* conta9$ only ?irte5 poems by ,keats4 ,! editor ( ! 8,ev5+ ,telegram0 0 unable to f9d space = t lett]6 ,,*apt] ,,lx ,,! ,,pr$atory ,,arti/ ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,"h is ,haldeman-,julius1 discuss+ ! !sis ( y\r book4 ,he says3 #8,y may say t because ,balzac drew 8 *>act]s l>gely f ! b\rgeoisie he 0 conduct+ a subtle propag&a 9 behalf ( a class2 or1 9 g5]al1 t he 0 a b\rgeois au?or4 ,b su* a view w\ld be a trave/y ( lit]>y criticism4'0 ,says ,ogi3 8,t is :at a great _m p are go+ to call ?is book4 ,b let u see :at we c make ( ,balzac40 ,at ?is po9t ! mail arrives1 & 9 x a lett] to ,mrs4 ,ogi1 tell+ "s bad news ab\t a fri5d4 ,a look ( deep di/ress comes ^u h] face1 & ,ogi1 wat*+ h]1 is sudd5ly inspir$4 8,hold t expression60 he cries4 8,:at d y mean80 falt]s ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,x's :at ,i ne$ = a /ory6 ,i want to get all ! details ( x--! trembl+ ( y\r lips1 ! look 9 y\r eyes4 ,hold x n[6 ,x is copy60 8,i ?9k y are out ( y\r m9d10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi2 & h] face assumes a q diff]5t expression4 ,says h] husb&3 8,i am ! arti/1 & ,i fe$ on life4 ,my fell[ humans suff]1 & a voice )9 me cries3 #8,magnific5t6' ,angui% writes itself ^u _! features1 & ,i :isp]3 #8,!re is a great mom5t6' ,!y are utt]ly abas$1 & ,i ?9k3 #8,"h is my *ance ( immortality6'0 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,y are a mon/]6 ,i h always kn[n x40 8,i am "o among ?\s&s ( mon/]s1 rang+ ! e>?1 compet+ furi\sly = _! prey4 ,i explore ! :ole field ( human exp]i5ce2 ,i climb ! m\nta9 peaks1 ,i ransack ! />ry spaces1 ,i rummage ! du/-b9s ( hi/ory1 collect+ great significant mom5ts1 climaxes ( emotion1 drama1 susp5se1 ?rill2 :5 ,i f9d x1 ,i slap my knee1 l ,?ack]ay writ+ ! sc5e ( ,becky ,%>p caught 9 adult]y1 & exclaim+3 #8,!re is a /roke ( g5ius6' ,i see te>s fall+1 & ,i ?9k3 #8,t w sell6' ,out ( t cry ( despair ,i %all make a fea/6 ,f ?is tale ( trag$y ,i %all build a new h\se6 ,^u ?is heap ( angui% ,i %all leap to fame6 ,i %all enl>ge my ego1 exp& 9 ! admiration ( my fell[-m51 enjoy+ dom9ion ov] _! emotions & _! ?\ghts4 ,also1 ( c\rse1 ,i %all n =get my fell[-wom51 _! ?rills & ec/asies2 ,i %all h gorge\s ap>tm5ts1 furni%$ ) b>b>ic spl5dor1 to :i* w come brilliant & fasc9at+ admir]s--0 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,is ?is a dream y want me to psy*oanalyze80 8,no10 says h] husb&1 8x is simply ! s\l ( ,balzac :i* ,i am putt+ be=e y3 ! mo/ p]fect type ( ! pr$atory arti/ t has exi/$ 9 human hi/ory2 ! art = art's sake ideal inc>nate2 g5ius divorc$ f consci5ce1 save only z appli$ to ! art "w itself--! inexorable duty ( portray+ ! utmo/ conceivable en]gy1 fury1 spl5dor1 t]ror1 sublimity1 melodrama1 pity1 elegance1 gre$1 horror1 cruelty1 angui%1 beauty1 passion1 wor%ip1 long+1 wick$ness1 glory1 fr5zy1 maje/y & delight40 ,?is pr$atory arti/1 liv+ 9 a pr$atory _w1 & portray+ pr$atory emotions1 does n seem to u a propag&i/1 simply because ( ! complete id5tity :i* exi/s betwe5 him & ! ?+ he portrays4 ,x is ! _w :i* came into exi/5ce aft] ! ,fr5* revolution1 & has prevail$ ev] s9ce4 ,! masses made ! revolution1 hop+ to pr(it f x2 b ! m]*ants & bank]s & lawy]s took ov] ! p[]4 ,alone1 ?is class 9 ,france c\ld n h succe$$2 b !y _h ! help ( ,engl&--x is ! triumph ( ,briti% gold1 tak+ *>ge ( ! cont95t & mak+ x ov] 9 ! image ( ! 8%op-keep]03 ! b\rgeois _w1 a society 9 :i* ev]ybody seeks money1 & hav+ obta9$ x1 sp5ds x ^u ! gett+ ( m money1 or ^u ! expansion ( 8 p]sonality ?r\gh ! p[] ( money to dom9ate & impress o!r m54 ,^? :o succe$ enjoy1 :ile ^? :o fail are trampl$2 su* is ! 8,comdie ,huma9e10 z ,balzac exhibits x 9 a total ( eighty-five works ( prose fiction1 n c\nt+ dramas1 essays & reviews4 ,he 0 born ( a b\rgeois family & educat$ = a lawy]4 ,b he want$ to write1 & because 8 family w\ld n support him1 he w5t away & />v$ mo/ hide\sly 9 a g>ret4 ,! hung] :i* he !re acquir$ 0 n m]ely ( ! /oma* & ! s5ses1 b ( ! intellect & s\l4 ,he became a f]oci\s1 almo/ an insane work]4 ,he 0 gre$y = facts1 & nev] =got any?+2 he acquir$ a :ole univ]se ( detail1 names1 places1 te*nical t]ms1 ! appe>ances ( p]sons & ?+s1 human *>act]i/ics1 anecdotes1 conv]sations4 ,he wove ^! into 8 /ories1 he con/ruct$ va/ panoramas ( ,fr5* society1 colossal processions m>*+ pa/ )\t end4 ,! bulk ( 8 "w is s enorm\s t y may sp5d y\r lifetime read+ ,balzac1 explor+ ! lives ( 8 two or ?ree ?\s& *>act]s4 ,:at w y "k :5 y get ?r\gh8 ,y w "k ,fr5* b\rgeois civilization1 high & l[1 ri* & poor1 good & evil4 ,y w obs]ve ! ri* gr[+ ri*] & ! poor gr[+ poor]2 y w discov] ! gre$y dev\r+ ! good & pati5t & hone/--& !n com+ to ru9 ?r\gh _! own ins5sate desires4 ,x is brilliant1 vivid1 z real z g5ius c make x1 & at fir/ y are en?rall$4 ,h[ m>vel\s1 to le>n ab\t ! _w )\t ! tr\ble ( go+ into x6 ,b aft] y h read = a mon? or two1 ano!r feel+ /eals ov] y1 a feel+ ( famili>ity3 y "k all ?is1 :y read any m8 ,life is odi\s & cruel1 x makes y ill2 y\r "o ?\ght becomes1 c any?+ be done ab\t x8 ,is !re any rem$y8 ,& f t mom5t y are done ) ,balzac4 ,=1 s f> z ?is 8,comdie ,huma9e0 is conc]n$1 !re is no rem$y4 ,balzac 0 s mu* a "p ( 8 own corrupt age t he c\ld n h conceiv$ ( a co-op]ative _w4 ,he saw ! class /ruggle1 ( c\rse--& took 8 /& on ! side ( 8 money4 ,a passionate ,tory1 he ref]r$ to 8! two et]nal tru?s1 ! mon>*y & ! ,ca?olic *ur*40 ,8 attitude to politics 0 summ$ up 9 ! =mula t ! p mu/ be kept 8"u ! mo/ p[]ful yoke possible40 ,y f9d 9 8 novels trem5d\s loads ( philosophic & sci5tific le>n+1 practically all ( x utt] tra%4 ,h5ry ,james disposes ( him 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,he 0 incapable ( a lucid reflexion40 ,! ne>e/ approa* to a def9ite proposition to be got out ( 8 writ+s is ! notion t desire1 imag9ation & intellect are ! de/roy]s ( life4 ,( c\rse1 if t be true1 civilization is doom$1 & x is a wa/e ( "t to seek moral codes or und]/&+1 or ev5 to produce art4 ,su* a view 01 ( c\rse1 simply ! reflex ( ! pr$atory arti/'s own gre$ = money1 luxury1 fame & p[]4 ,he liv$ alt]nately = art & ,mammon4 ,he w\ld %ut himself up alone 9 a secret place & write = weeks1 ev5 mon?s1 )\t see+ anyone4 ,he w\ld />t "w at midnight1 clad 9 a :ite ,b5$ict9e robe1 ) a black skull-cap1 by ! light ( a doz5 c&les1 & "u ! /imulus ( _m pots ( c(fee4 ,hav+ ?us complet$ a ma/]piece1 he w\ld em]ge to receive ! applause ( ,p>is1 c>ry+ a cane ) an enorm\s jewel$ head4 ,hav+ made ano!r =tune & paid a small "p ( :at he call$ 8 8float+ debt10 he w\ld plunge into ! :olesale pur*as+ ( silks & sat9s & velvets1 furniture & c>pets & tape/ries & jewels & 8objects ( art10 va/ /ore-rooms full ( t junk :]eby ! b\rgeois _w sets =? ! empt9ess ( its m9d & ! futility ( its aims4 ,lack+ money en\gh1 8 maniac imag9ation w\ld evolve new s*emes--book publi%+1 pap] manufactur+1 a j\rnal1 a secret society1 silv] m9es 9 ,s>d9ia1 ! buri$ treasure ( ,t\ssa9t l',ouv]ture1 ea* ( :i* he 0 sure 0 go+ to turn him into a millionaire ov]night4 ,balzac gives prom95ce to t type ( m5 :om ! ,fr5* call 8c>e]i/s02 t is to say1 m5 :o set out to make _! =tune1 at any co/ ( honor1 dec5cy & fair play4 ,balzac admir$ su* m5--= ! simple reason t he himself 0 t k9d4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s he met a weal?y ,poli% lady1 ,madame ,hanska1 :o became 8 mi/ress2 writ+ to 8 si/] ab\t x1 he set =? :at ?is meant to him1 & 8 language 0 su* z a 8confid5ce man0 w\ld use1 writ+ to a woman conf$]ate4 ,! alliance1 he wrote1 w\ld give him access to ! great _w1 & 8opportunity = dom9ation40 ,is ! "w ( su* a man propag&a8 ,if y accept ! common dogma t bl9d egoti/ical in/9ct1 & ! portrayal & glorification !re(1 con/itute art1 :ile ! ef=t to und]/& life1 & to recon/ruct x into a ?+ ( ord] & s5se & dignity1 is propag&a--:y !n und\bt$ly ! 8,comdie ,huma9e0 ( ,honor de ,balzac is pure & unadult]at$ art4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 y admit my cont5tion t a man :o is born into a money-rav5\s _w1 & :o absorbs its poison$ atmosph]e1 & sets himself to ! task ( portray+ x1 n m]ely z real & inevitable1 b z glori\s1 magnific5t1 fasc9at+1 sublime--if y admit ) me t su* a man is a propag&i/1 :y !n y mu/ reconcile y\rself to endur+ ! opposition ( all or?odox lit]>y critics4 ,,*apt] ,,lxi ,,! ,,old ,,commun>d ,victor ,hugo 0 born 9 #ahjb1 ?ree ye>s lat] ?an ,balzac4 ,he grew up 9 ! same _w1 b 0 n satisfi$ to contemplate its diseases2 he s\ght rem$ies1 & became a conv]t to revolution>y ideals1 & s all critics agree t 8 "w is m>r$ by propag&a4 ,he liv$ to be eighty-?ree ye>s old1 & w5t on writ+ & work+ to ! v end1 s t ! /ory ( 8 life c>ries u ?r\gh practically ! :ole ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,we %all foll[ x1 & !n come back & retrace p>ts ( ! same /ory 9 ! lives ( o!r arti/s1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,briti% & ,am]ican4 ,hugo's fa!r 0 a revolution>y soldi] :o rose to be a g5]al 9 ,napoleon's army4 ,z a little boy ! poet foll[$ ! armies f place to place 9 ,switz]l&1 ,italy & ,spa94 ,8 "m 0 a ,royali/1 & ! boy _h an old ,ca?olic prie/ = a tutor1 & 0 taught ! old dogmas1 lit]>y z well z religi\s & political4 ,8 conv]sion into a revolutioni/ 0 n complet$ until ! age ( =ty-six4 ,hav+ be5 br\ght ab\t by contact ) daily ev5ts1 ?is conv]sion 0 ( trem5d\s influ5ce ^u ! ?\ght ( ,europe4 ,he 0 a *ild ( g5ius1 & 8 prodigi\s activity began e>ly4 ,we f9d him compos+ a trag$y at ! age ( f\rte51 & at ! age ( sev5te5 publi%+ a j\rnal ) ! title ( ! 8,lit]>y ,cons]vator40 ,he gets m>ri$ ^u a p5sion ( a ?\s& francs1 conf]r$ ^u him by ,k+ ,l\is ,,xviii1 :o has be5 put ^u ! ?rone to pres]ve ,ca?olic reaction4 ,!n comes ,k+ ,*>les ,x1 :o makes him a knight ( ! ,legion ( ,honor at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree4 ,b gradually ! "y poet's 8?rone & alt> /uff0 beg9s to %[n signs ( indep5d5t ?\ght2 he composes a play 9 :i* ,ri*elieu is portray$ z ma/] ( 8 k+1 & ?is is consid]$ unsuitable = su* tickli% times2 ! c5sor b>s x1 & ! "y poet's p]sonal int]cession ) ! k+ does n avail4 ,all ?is "t1 y und]/&1 ,fr5* art is /ill "u ! sway ( ! s-call$ 8classical0 ideals ( ,voltaire & ,rac9e2 tragic dramati/s h to obey ! 8?ree unities10 or !y _c get produc$4 ,b by #ahcj ! ,fr5* p are sick ( reaction1 & ready to make _! revolution aga94 ,z "p ( ! *ange comes a surge ( 8romanticism0 9 ! arts4 ,%akespe>e is play$ 9 ,p>is = ! fir/ "t2 & ,victor ,hugo publi%es a drama on ! !me ( ,cromwell1 ) a preface 9 :i* he commits ! blasphemy ( decl>+ t ,rac9e is 8n a dramati/06 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! new revolution he produces a romantic play1 8,h]nani10 deal+ ) a revolution>y ,spani>d ( ! ,byronic type1 :o declaims all ov] ! /age & dies sublimely4 ,! production ( ?is play result$ 9 "o cont9u\s riot = =ty-five nights4 ,! lead+ lady prote/$1 ! hir$ claque revolt$2 s ,victor ,hugo call$ = help to ! "y arti/s ( ! /udios1 & !y p\r$ out ( ,montm>tre & took possession ( ! !at]4 ,9 ^? days ! fir/ purpose ( romantic y\? 0 to 8%ock ! b\rgeois0 by /range co/umes4 ,"h 0 ,?ophile ,gauti]1 n9ete5 ye>s old1 ) long locks hang+ ov] 8 %\ld]s1 a sc>let sat9 wai/coat1 pale sea-gre5 tr\s]s seam$ ) black1 & a gray ov]coat l9$ ) gre5 sat94 ,night aft] night ! rival factions %\t$ & rag$ z long z ! play la/$4 ,all ?is 9 ord] to ga9 = dramati/s ! "r to %[ m ?an "o sc5e 9 a play1 & m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( _! h]o's life6 ,victor ,hugo also wrote fiction & prose1 & 9 e field he became ! new sun ( ,france4 ,b he 0 n cont5t ) lit]>y laurels2 he w5t on seek+ a rem$y = ! b\rgeois disease4 ,he esp\s$ ! cause ( a poor work+man1 :o1 hav+ be5 tortur$ 9 prison1 _h kill$ ! gov]nor ( ! prison4 ,! "y poet came ^u a novel rem$y--to s[ ! ,bible all ov] ,france4 8,let !re be a ,bible 9 e peasant's hut40 ,"h 9 ,am]ica ! ,gideonites h tri$ out ! idea1 s[+ a ,bible 9 e hotel room--b = "s reason !re are m crimes ( viol5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an ev] be=e 9 any civiliz$ c\ntry6 ,! revolution ( #ahcj br\ght 9 a new k+1 ,l\is-,philippe1 ! ideal b\rgeois mon>*1 an amiable g5tleman :o /ay$ at home ) 8 wife & let ! bank]s & bus9ess m5 run ! c\ntry4 ,?is k+ made ,victor ,hugo into a pe] ( ,france4 ,b !re 0 a new revolution>y outbur/ prep>+1 & 9 #ahdh ! b\rgeois k+ 0 de?ron$1 & ,victor ,hugo 0 elect$ deputy to ! new p>liam5t1 /yl+ himself a 8mod]ate ,republican40 ,! ,fr5* p at ?is "t 7 9 ! same position z ! ,am]ican p at pres5t2 t is1 !y believ$ :at !y 7 told1 & 7 ready to accept any t9sel$ circus-p]=m] z a /atesman4 ,!y *ose = _! presid5t a wret*$ creature :o happ5$ to be a nephew ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 & promis$ a return ( all ! old glories ( ,france4 ,x took only a ye> ( 8 gov]nm5t = ,victor ,hugo to realize t ! "o hope = progress lay 9 ! program ( ! radicals4 ,8 two gr[n sons 7 ?r[n into jail = edit+ a pap] attack+ ! policies ( ,l\is ,napoleon2 & ! fa!r esp\s$ ! ideas ( ! old revolution1 8! rights ( man40 ,egg$ on by ! t]rifi$ f9anci]s1 ,l\is ,napoleon ov]?rew ! p>liam5t & _h himself made emp]or4 ,victor ,hugo s\ght to r\se ! p1 b>ricades 7 rais$ 9 ! /reets1 & hundr$s 7 %ot d[n ) cannon4 ,! poet ) great difficulty made 8 escape to ,brussels1 f :i* city he d5\nc$ ! usurp]--8,napoleon ! ,little0 z he call$ him--) ! result t ! ,ca?olic gov]nm5t ( ,belgium pass$ a law expell+ him4 ,he fl$ to ! *annel isl& ( ,j]sey1 :]e he wrote a book ( poems call$ 8,! ,*a/isem5ts10 "o ( ! mo/ t]rific pieces ( d5unciation 9 all ! _w's lit]ature4 ,%ortly aft] ?is ! b\rgeois gov]nm5t ( ,engl& comb9$ ) ! b\rgeois gov]nm5t ( ,france to drive ,russia out ( ! ,crimea2 !re 0 a great w>1 & ! p ( ,j]sey object$ to ! poet's attacks on ! ,fr5* emp]or2 !y mobb$ 8 home1 & he _h to flee to ! neighbor+ isl& ( ,gu]nsey1 :]e he settl$ d[n to ! true task ( a great arti/1 to re=m ! _w by *ang+ ! ideals ( ! com+ g5]ations4 ,= n9ete5 ye>s he /ay$ 9 exile1 until 8,napoleon ! ,little0 br\ght himself to ru91 & 8 c\ntry along ) him4 ,9 ! meantime ,victor ,hugo _h publi%$ sev]al volumes ( m>vel\s poetry1 & f9ally1 aft] t5 ye>s' labor1 8 ma/]piece ( fiction1 8,les ,misrables10 :i* appe>$ simultane\sly 9 eight capitals ( ! _w1 & br\ght its au?or ! sum ( f\r hundr$ ?\s& francs4 ,into ?is novel ,hugo p\r$ all 8 passionate devotion to lib]ty1 equality & frat]nity2 likewise 8 blaz+ hatr$ ( cruelty & tyranny4 ,he tells ! /ory ( an escap$ convict :o re=ms & makes a success ( 8 life1 b is pursu$ by ! police & dragg$ back to prison4 ,incid5tally ! poet gives u a va/ picture ( ! ,france ( 8 own "t1 & ! lives & /ruggles ( ! prolet>iat4 ,! figure ( ,jean ,valjean is "o ( ! great a*ievem5ts ( ! human imag9ation1 & 8 /ory is a treasure ( ! revolution>y movem5t 9 e mod]n l&4 8,napoleon ! ,little0 l$ 8 c\ntry to w> ) ,g]many & 0 ov]:elm+ly cru%$4 ,hugo came home 9 ?is crisis1 & took "p 9 ! def5se ( ,p>is4 ,!n came ! t]rible upris+ ( ! />v$ & tortur$ masses1 ! ,p>is ,commune4 ,by ?is "t ! b\rgeois savages _h ma*9e-guns1 s t !y c\ld wipe out :olesale ! idealism & fai? ( ! p2 !y /ood "s fifty ?\s& work]s1 m51 wom5 & *ildr51 aga9/ ! walls ( ,p>is & %ot !m d[n 9 cold blood4 ,victor ,hugo def5d$ ^! ,commun>ds1 & once m _h to flee = 8 life4 ,aft] ! peace ) ,g]many1 ,france 0 left a republic1 & h] great poet return$ to live ) 8 gr&*ildr51 to labor = ! work+ classes1 & to p\r out floods ( eloqu5ce 9 behalf ( 8 social ideals4 ,new movem5ts arose1 & ! old man he>d t he 0 !atrical1 bomba/ic1 unreal4 ,all t is true to a consid]able ext5t2 = ,hugo is l ,%elley1 hav+ ! defects ( 8 great qualities4 ,:5 ! inspiration does n come to him1 he le>ns to imitate x2 he acquires mann]isms1 he adopts poses4 ,foll[+ ,milton's sugge/ion ( mak+ an art "w ( 8 life1 he sets 8 p]sonality up z an embodim5t ( revolution>y idealism1 he makes himself into a leg5d1 a liv+ monum5t1 a lit]>y %r9e1 "o might say a lit]>y ca!dral4 ,x is only a /ep f ! sublime to ! ridicul\s1 & we (t5 take t /ep ) ,victor ,hugo4 ,b ! masses ( ! p knew t ! core ( 8 be+ 0 a passionate devotion to lib]ty & ju/ice2 !re=e !y took him to _! he>ts1 & 8 life is s bl5d$ ) !irs t ,victor ,hugo & revolution>y ,france are two phrases ) "o mean+4 ,,*apt] ,,lxii ,,tyg]1 ,,tyg]6 ,:at w\ld ,victor ,hugo h be5 if he _h _h no social consci5ce8 ,:at w\ld ! romantic movem5t h am\nt$ to if x _h conf9$ itself to ! field ( art8 ,^! que/ions are answ]$ = u by ,?ophile ,gauti]4 ,we h se5 him at ! age ( n9ete5 tak+ "p 9 ! battle ( 8,h]nani0 9 8 sc>let sat9 wai/coat2 we see him at ! same age lead+ ! art /ud5ts 9 mock+ dances ab\t a bu/ ( ,rac9e 9 a public squ>e ( ,p>is4 ,aft] t we see him = =ty-two ye>s dilig5tly foll[+ ! art = art's sake =mula4 ,he decl>es t he has no religion1 no politics2 he has no conc]n ) any moral or intellectual "q1 he is purely & simply an arti/1 devot+ himself ) passionate f]vor to ! production ( works ( pure beauty4 ,8 fa/idi\sness is %[n by ! law he lays d[n1 t a "y arti/ %\ld write n less ?an fifty ?\s& v]ses = practice be=e he writes "o v]se to be publi%$4 ,& :at is ! cont5t ( ?is art8 ,gauti] believes 9 "o ?+1 ! human body4 ,he believes 9 x1 n z an in/rum5t ( ! m9d1 a h\se ( ! _s1 b z a ?+ 9 itself1 to be f$ & pamp]$ & p]fum$1 & clad 9 silks & sat9s1 & tak5 out to engage 9 sexual adv5tures4 ,! pret5sions ( art = art's sake turn out to be buncombe2 ! reality ( ! matt] is art = orgy's sake4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r ,gauti] publi%$ a novel1 8,mademoiselle de ,maup910 :i* might be describ$ z ,%akespe>e's 8,z ,y ,l ,x0 rewritt5 by ! devil4 ,a "y lady ( beauty & fa%ion goes w&]+ 9 ! co/ume ( a man1 & ?is af=ds endless possibilities ( sexual titillation2 wom5 fall 9 love ) h]1 ?9k+ %e is a man1 & m5 fall 9 love ) h] by in/9ct1 z x 72 ! orgies ?us po/pon$ are especially ?rill+ :5 !y f9ally occur4 ,"s m5 h writt5 ?is k9d ( depravity at tw5ty-f\r1 & le>n$ some?+ bett] z !y grew old]2 b ,gauti] le>n$ absolutely no?+4 ,to ! end ( 8 long life he cont9u$ to produce novels & tales ( :i* ! sole purpose is to glorify ! orgy1 to make x romantic & ?rill+ by ! elaborate squ&]+ ( weal?1 ! heap+ m\nta9 high ( ! app>atus ( luxury4 ,! device fails1 = ! simple reason t ! s5ses are limit$4 ,:5 y are hungry a d9n] int]e/s y1 b t5 ?\s& d9n]s appall2 & ! same ?+ applies to coition4 ,! m5 & wom5 9 ^! orgies rem9d u ( p 9 a besieg$ ca/le1 liv+ 9 deadly t]ror ( an enemy :o nev] fails to get !m 9 ! end4 ,! ,fr5* h made a ^w = t victori\s enemy3 ennui4 ,x %\ld h>dly ne$ to be said t ! art ( ,?ophile ,gauti] is a leisure-class art4 ,^! orgies are possible only 9 a slave civilization2 !y presuppose ! fact t ! masses %all toil to heap up weal? = a privileg$ few to de/roy 9 a night ( riot4 ,at ! v op5+ ( 8,mademoiselle de ,maup90 ! au?or portrays 8 h]o1 liv+ at ease ) a valet to s]ve him1 & no?+ to d b be discont5t$4 8,my idle passions gr[l dully 9 my he>t1 & prey ^u !mselves = lack ( o!r food40 ,he is consum$ ) imag9+s--all1 ne$less to say1 hav+ to d ) pleasures :i* he does n mean to e>n4 8,i wait = ! heav5s to op51 & an angel to desc5d ) a revelation to me1 = a revolution to break out & a ?rone to be giv5 me1 = "o ( ,raphael's virg9s to leave ! canvas & come to embrace me1 = relations1 :om ,i d n possess1 to die & leave me :at w enable me to sail my fancy on a riv] ( gold10 etc4 ,8 dream f9ally takes ! =m ( a woman1 & he sp5ds _m pages 9 detail+ h] qualities4 ,ne$less to say1 %e belongs to ! riot+ classes4 8,i consid] beauty a diamond :i* %\ld be m\nt$ & set 9 gold4 ,i _c imag9e a beautiful woman )\t a c>riage1 horses1 s]v+-m51 & all t belongs to an income ( a hundr$ ?\s& a ye>2 !re is h>mony betwe5 beauty & weal?40 ,( c\rse ?is dream-woman mu/ be entirely subject to ! s5sual desires ( man4 8,i consid] woman1 aft] ! mann] ( ! anci5ts1 z a beautiful slave design$ = our pleasure40 ,victor ,hugo 0 exil$ by ,l\is ,napoleon2 :ile ,gauti]1 hav+ 8no political op9ions10 rema9$ 9 ,p>is & accept$ f9ancial favors f ! tyrant4 ,:at he consid]$ 8 ma/] "w 0 publi%$ at ! age ( =ty-five1 a volume ( v]se ^: title expla9s its "*1 8,enamels & ,cameos40 ,! art ( poetry has become id5tical ) t ( ! goldsmi?2 words are t9y jewels1 fitt$ toge!r ) precise & meticul\s c>e4 ,words h beauty1 q ap>t f _! mean+1 & ! prop] /udy = mank9d is ! diction>y4 ,poetry %\ld h nei!r feel+ nor ideas2 :ile z = ! subject1 ! m unlikely & unsuitable x is1 ! great] ! triumph ( ! poet4 ,?is is n an ef=t to c>icature ,gauti]'s doctr9e1 x is 8 own /atem5t1 ! !me ( "o ( 8 poems4 ,b on no acc\nt are y to take ?is poem = propag&a6 ,y see h[ ! proposition demon/rates its own absurdity4 ,?ophile ,gauti] 0 dur+ 8 entire lifetime a fanatical prea*]1 a propag&i/ ( s5suality & mat]ialism1 a glorifi$ b>b] & tailor1 a publicity man = ! ,association ( ,m]*ants ( ,tape/ries1 ,furniture & ,jewelry4 ,:5 he writes a poem on ! subject ( a rose-color$ dress1 he asks y to believe t he is really int]e/$ 9 ! rose-color$ dress1 b y may be sure t he is no su* fool2 he writes ab\t ! rose-color$ dress z an act ( social defiance4 ,he says3 ,!re are imbeciles 9 ! _w :o believe 9 religion1 9 moral s5se1 9 virtue1 self-re/ra9t & idealism1 subjects :i* bore me to ext9ction2 9 ord] to %[ my contempt = su* imbeciles1 ,i proce$ to prove t ! greate/ poem 9 ! _w c be writt5 on a rose-color$ dress or on a ro(1 or on my wat*1 or on smoke1 or on :atev] unlikely subject crosses my m9d2 ,i consecrate myself to ?is task1 ,i become a moral anti-morali/1 a propag&i/ ( no-propag&a4 ,:at are ! products ( nature be>+ mo/ resemblance to enamels & cameos8 ,!y are c]ta9 k9ds ( insects1 beautiful1 h>d1 %9y1 brilliantly color$1 repulsive1 cruel1 & poison\s4 ,su* is ! art ( ,?ophile ,gauti] & 8 successors1 :o h made ,fr5* lit]ature a curse = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,?is lit]ature possesses pre/ige because ( its p]fection ( =m2 !re=e x is important to get cle> 9 our m9ds ! fact t ! ability to fit words toge!r 9 intricate patt]ns is a ?+ rank+ v l[ 9 ! scale ( human faculties4 ,! feats ( ! art-=-art-sak]s are precisely z important z ^? ( ! man on ! /age :o balances ?ree billi>d-balls on ! end ( 8 nose4 ,! piano-gymna/ :o leap$ to _w fame by 8 ability to wiggle 8 f+]s m rapidly ?an any o!r liv+ man has be5 def9itely put out ( date by ! me*anical piano-play]2 & "s day mank9d w adopt a univ]sal language1 & =get all ! enamels & cameos 9 ! old useless tongues4 ,get x cle> 9 y\r m9d t ext]nal beauty is entirely compatible ) deadly cruelty ( intellect & _s4 ,a tig] is a m>vel\s product1 f ! e/hetic po9t ( view1 & (f]s a sup]b !me to poets1 z ,william ,blake has %[n u4 8,tyg]1 tyg]1 burn+ bright0--b :o wants ?is gold-/rip$ glory 9 8 g>d58 ,9 exactly ! same way1 !re is a mass ( :at is call$ lit]ature1 possess+ ! graces ( =m--music & glamor1 elegance1 passion1 en]gy--& us+ all ^! virtues1 precisely z ! tig] uses 8 tee? & claws1 to r5d & de/roy human life4 ,lit]>y criticism :i* fails to take acc\nt ( su* vici\s qualities 9 art works is j exactly z s5sible & tru/wor?y z ! m]*ant :o w\ld sell y a cobra de capello1 ) a gorge\s black & :ite /rip$ hood1 = a b\doir ornam5t & pet4 ,,*apt] ,,lxiii ,,! ,,*ild ,,( ,,8 ,,age ,! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 a h>d "t = g5]\s-m9d$ & ideali/ic poets 9 ,france4 ,! great revolution _h fail$1 x fail$ aga9 9 #ahcj & 9 #ahdh1 & cruelty & gre$ & corruption seem$ to be ! f9al de/9y ( civilization4 ,a few /rong spirits kept ! fai?1 b ! weak] ones drift$ away & dr[n$ _! sorr[s 9 debau*]y & dr9k4 ,alfr$ de ,musset 0 "o ( ^! latt]1 a beautiful & *>m+ y\?1 gift$ ) all ! graces ( life & ) ! magic fire ( g5ius4 ,he has told 8 own sad /ory 9 a book1 8,! ,confessions ( a ,*ild ( ,8 ,age40 ,mo/ ( ! /rong & heal?y m5 ( ,france _h be5 kill$ (f 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s1 & ! new g5]ation 7 ! *ildr5 ( weakl+s4 ,!y drift$ aimlessly1 hav+ luxury b no duties1 & no vision or ideal to inspire !m4 ,musset 0 born 9 #ahaj1 ( a well-to-d & cultur$ family4 ,he 0 impressionable1 s5sitive1 & 9 ! beg9n+ plung$ ) ardor into ! poetical movem5t head$ by ,hugo4 ,b soon he lo/ int]e/1 & gave himself to amor\s adv5tures & to m\rnful self-pity1 an elegant "y ,byron ( ! b\lev>ds4 ,x 0 a "t :5 a poet c\ld make a national reputation by comp>+ ! moon above a *ur*-/eeple to a dot on ! lett] i4 ,musset1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 %ort life1 _h no exp]i5ce ( any sort except sexuality1 alcohol1 & ! poetry ( m5 :o likewise _h no o!r exp]i5ce4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree he met ,george ,s&1 a woman ( ?irty :o _h run away f h] family & 0 support+ h]self z a free-lance noveli/4 ,%e c>ri$ ! "y poet (f to ,italy1 b _! dream ( love broke up 9 a qu>rel1 & poor ,musset _h bra9 fev]1 & came home1 & sat all day 9 8 room = f\r mon?s1 s 8 bro!r tells u1 do+ no?+ b cry+1 except :5 he play$ *ess4 ,b at ! end ( ! f\r mon?s he w5t out & f\nd ano!r love1 & !n ano!r & ano!r4 ,any woman w\ld d1 accord+ to 8 philosophy1 poetically set =? 9 an exquisite v]se3 8,:at matt]s ! flagon1 provid$ "o is drunk80 ,! "y poet 0 welcom$ to ! ,fr5* ,academy1 b 0 n v fai?ful to 8 duties4 ,said "o ( ! memb]s3 8,musset abs5ts himself too mu*40 ,to :i* ! answ] 03 8,musset abs9!s himself too mu*40 ,he 0 an old r\ at ! age ( ?irty1 & !re 0 no?+ left b to die4 ,long aft]w>ds ,george ,s& publi%$ a novel 9 :i* %e told ! intimate details ( _! love affair2 & t1 ( c\rse1 0 f9e copy1 & a trem5d\s ?rill4 ,! title ( ! novel 0 8,%e & ,he10 & ,musset's bro!r came back ) a book entitl$ 8,he & ,%e40 ,x appe>s t ,george ,s& _h be5 unfai?ful to ,musset 9 ! mid/ ( _! am\r2 b we _c get up mu* sympa?y = ! unhappy 8*ild ( 8 age40 ,8 bro!r delicately tells u h[1 9 ! days ( 8 beautiful y\?1 ly+ 9 b$ at night1 ! "y poet w\ld imp>t %y confid5ces ab\t 8 amor\s triumphs4 ,he 0 s$uc+ o!r m5's wives & daught]s & si/]s1 & 0 app>5tly n conc]n+ himself ) any bra9 fev]s ^! m5 might h1 or ) any te>s ( grief !y might %$ 9 betwe5 _! games ( *ess4 ,two ( ! mo/ beautiful & eloqu5t ( ,musset's poems are entitl$1 respectively1 8,a ,night ( ,may0 & 8,a ,night ( ,decemb]40 ,ea* ( !m portrays ! poet z fall+ sorr[fully out ( love4 ,! _w _h naturally assum$ t ! two poems relat$ to ! same mi/ress2 b ! poet's bro!r reveal$ t ! two poems _h a diff]5t 8motive10 & also t !re 0 ano!r 8motive0 9 betwe5 ! ,may 8motive0 & ! ,decemb] 8motive40 ,& !re 7 _m o!r 8motives0--s9ce numb]s ( elegant ladies 9 ,p>is aspir$ to become ! !me ( "o ( ! 8,nights0 ( ?is delicate if drunk5 g5ius4 ,we %all see a long /r+ ( poets ( ?is sort = a hundr$ ye>s 9 ,france--& "s1 alas6 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,! lesson ( _! lives is always ! same--t poetry )\t social vision & moral backbone is m]ely a sn>e = ! human _s4 ,,*apt] ,,lxiv ,,pray] ,,9 ,,adult]y ,! problem ( ! relation%ip ( art to morality is mo/ int]e/+ly illu/rat$ by ! case ( ,george ,s&4 ,?is woman-writ] 0 promiscu\s1 & %e 0 pr$atory1 9 ! s5se t %e turn$ h] adv5tures into copy & sold !m 9 ! m>ket4 ,b %e _h a m9d1 & %e us$ x to inve/igate all ! new ideas ( h] "t4 ,%e 0 mov$1 n m]ely by h] own desire = pleasure1 b by ! suff]+s & /riv+s ( h] fell[ human be+s4 ,%e p\r$ all ^! ?+s into h] books1 & made h]self "o ( ! civiliz+ =ces ( h] "t4 ,%e 0 born 9 #ahjd & rais$ 9 a conv5t4 ,m>ri$ at ! age ( eighte51 & be+ unhappy1 %e kick$ ov] ! traces & became a ,bohemian adv5tur]1 we>+ tr\s]s1 proclaim+ ! rights ( passion1 tak+ to h]self "o conspicu\s lov] aft] ano!r1 & !n putt+ !m into books = ! support ( h]self & h] two *ildr54 ,%e 0 ! f\nd] ( :at we might call emotional fem9ism4 ,%e 0 religi\s 9 a s5tim5tal way1 ?\gh a vigor\s anti-cl]ical2 %e became conv]t$ to ,socialism1 work$ ard5tly = social re=m1 & publi%$ _m long novels 9 its support4 ,george ,s& _h a romantic ance/ry1 ( :i* %e did n fail to make lit]>y use4 ,on h] fa!r's side %e 0 desc5d$ f a royal ba/>d4 ,h] "m _h be5 a camp foll[] 9 ! army ( ,napoleon1 8a *ild ( ! old pavem5ts ( ,p>is40 ,?us ! noveli/ unit$ 9 "o p]son ! ari/ocratic & ! prolet>ian impulses4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( h] collect$ ance/ors 7 illegitimate1 s %e came hone/ly by h] free love ideas4 ,on ! o!r h&1 %e 0 a v respectable1 h>d-work+ b\rgeois woman1 :o prea*$ int]m9ably on virtue1 & paid all h] debts1 & got good prices = h] manuscripts--?+s :i* 7 reg>d$ z extremely bad ta/e by ! art-_w ( h] "t4 ,france _h _h innum]able ari/ocratic ladies :o _h lov$ promiscu\sly1 proce$+ f a k+ to a duke1 & f a duke to an abb or a monseigneur4 ,!re _h be5 wom5 :o _h ris5 f ! l[] classes by becom+ ! mi/resses ( noblem54 ,b "h 0 a br&-new ph5om5on1 a woman :o w5t out & fac$ ! _w 8on h] own10 & in/ead ( tak+ ! money ( ! m5 %e lov$1 proce$$ to e>n ! money by writ+ ab\t ! m56 ,x 0 an enorm\s sc&al1 & at ! same "t an enorm\s lit]>y success1 = ^! 7 pot-boil]s ( g5ius1 full ( eloqu5ce & fire4 ,also !y 7 full ( ideas on a hundr$ subjects1 elem5t>y in/ruction su* z ladies on ! wom5's pages ( our ,sunday supplem5ts give to correspond5ts4 ,b ,am]ican read]s f9d x a little h>d to und]/& ! fusion ( piety & sexuality :i* ,george ,s& p\rs into h] romantic novels4 8,oh1 my de> ,octave10 writes an adult]\s wife to h] lov]1 8nev] %all we pass a night toge!r )\t kneel+ & pray+ = ,jacques60 ,x is j a little %ock+ to u to le>n t ?is ,jacques is ! husb& :om ! pair are deceiv+6 ,george ,s& liv$ l a heal?y b\rgeoise to ! age ( sev5ty-two2 9 h] lat] ye>s %e retir$ to ! c\ntry1 & ! fires ( free love di$1 & %e wrote novels ab\t ! peasants 9 h] neighborhood4 ,!y are v human & simple1 & make /&>d read+ = ,fr5* c\rses 9 ,am]ican high s*ools4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e !m ) ! old-/yle h&l+ ( ! peasants 9 ,fr5* art4 ,gone are ! fancy pictures ( beautiful "y %eph]ds & %eph]desses 9 silks & sat9s & high-heel$ slipp]s4 ,n[ = ! fir/ "t a ,fr5* arti/ f9ds x wor? :ile to g out among ! work+ p ( ! fields1 & obs]ve ! ext]nal details ( _! lives1 & at lea/ try to imag9e _! feel+s4 ,we note ! same ?+ happ5+ also 9 pictorial art2 in/ead ( ! elegancies ( ,fragon>d1 we n[ h a peasant pa9t]1 ,millet1 peasant born & peasant re>$1 mak+ real pictures full ( real prolet>ian feel+4 ,t mu* z lea/ ! revolution has accompli%$6 ,,*apt] ,,lxv ,,ma9 ,,/reet ,,9 ,,france 8,eighte5 ye>s ago10 says ,ogi1 8a lanky1 r$-head$ y\? f ,m9nesota ran away f ,yale ,univ]sity & %[$ up at ,helicon ,hall to /oke our furnace4 ,we 7 nev] entirely sure ab\t ! furnace1 b we c\ld always c\nt ^u lively argum5ts on ! lit]>y side ( our f\r-sid$ fireplace4 ,n[ ?is y\? has gr[n up & add$ a new phrase to ! ,am]ican language--0 8#8,ma9 ,/reet' or #8,babbitt'80 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,recall ! /ory ( #8,ma9 ,/reet4' ,a "y girl m>ries a doctor & lives ) him 9 "o ( ! desolate1 cultureless villages ( ! ,nor?we/4 ,! novel is a long "o1 & ! me?od t ( m9ute detail2 we le>n ev]y?+ ab\t ! little place & ! p 9 x1 _! empty1 sordid lives1 ! utt] abs5ce ( vision4 ,! girl is lonely & re/less1 %e craves some?+ beautiful & inspir+4 ,%e has luxuri\s ta/es1 & *afes at hav+ to economize4 ,%e meets a h&some1 attractive "y man1 & aft] _m agonies ( s\l %e takes him z h] lov]4 ,9 ! end he leaves h]2 & aft] be+ he>t-brok5 = a :ile %e takes ano!r lov]4 ,he also des]ts h]1 & %e is ill1 9 debt1 & f9ally takes poison1 & h] husb&1 ! doctor1 dies ( grief--0 8,hold on10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8y mu/ h be5 read+ a sequel to #8,ma9 ,/reet4' ,i don't rememb] any ( ^? ?+s happ5+4 ,c>ol ,k5nicott ?\ght %e lov$ ! o!r man1 b %e didn't deceive h] husb&1 %e held h]self back--0 8,x is ano!r ( my poor jokes10 says ,ogi4 8,?is is n ! /ory ( #8,ma9 ,/reet1' b ( a fam\s ,fr5* classic1 #8,madame ,bov>y' by ,gu/ave ,flaub]t4 ,y see1 ! !mes ( ! two novels are id5tical1 & s is ! me?od2 ! diff]5ce lies 9 ! temp]am5ts ( two races4 ,! "y man f ,sauk ,c5tre & ! "y man f ,r\5 alike call !mselves 8reali/s02 b "o proce$s ^u ! assumption t x is possible to re/ra9 passion1 & on ! :ole1 bett] to try1 :ile ! o!r proce$s ^u ! assumption t x is impossible to re/ra9 passion1 & t if y pret5d to d x1 y are a ,puritan1 & :at is worse1 a hypocrite4 ,s at ! end ( ,c>ol ,k5nicott's /ory we f9d h] /ill try+ to introduce a little light into ,goph] ,prairie1 :ile ,emma ,bov>y is dead & ! t[n ( ,yonville-l',abbaye is exactly :at x 0 be=e40 ,flaub]t is by _m consid]$ ! greate/ ( all reali/s4 ,he made 8 religion out ( a !ory ( /yle2 & he 0 absolutely c]ta9 t 8,madame ,bov>y0 0 ! f9al product ( ! 8objective0 me?od4 ,he _h coldly obs]v$ reality1 & no pr$isposition _h be5 all[$ to int]f]e4 ,my purpose 9 mix+ him up ) ,ma9 ,/reet1 ,goph] ,prairie1 ,m9n41 is to br+ out ! cont5tion t 8,madame ,bov>y0 is z subjective z a lyric2 f fir/ to la/ an expression ( its au?or's p]sonal1 or %all we say racial conviction1 t ! sexual impulse dom9ates ! lives ( m5 & wom54 ,! great classic ( realism is a legal brief1 9 :i* e detail has be5 c>efully select$ & arrang$1 & e s5t5ce compos$ = ! purpose ( prov+ ?is argum5t4 ,we h once m ! old ,greek trag$y ) its lurk+ ,nemesis2 only ?is "t ! lurk+-place is 9 ! g5ital gl&s4 ,flaub]t 0 born 9 #ahba1 s t he 0 a y\ng/] to ! gr\p ( writ]s we h be5 consid]+3 ,balzac1 ,hugo1 ,gauti]1 ,george ,s&4 ,he 0 a tall1 lanky1 prov9cial fell[1 ) droop+ mu/a*es1 look+ l a dragoon4 ,he 0 epileptic & hy/]ical1 & suff]$ agonies ( melan*oly1 = ! mo/ "p ov] problems ( /yle4 ,he w\ld pace ! floor all night 9 torm5t seek+ = a miss+ ^w2 he records t he sp5t eight unhappy days 9 avoid+ "o dissonance4 ,! action ( all 8 life :i* he rep5t$ mo/ 0 a phrase 9 8,madame ,bov>y40 ,translat$ lit]ally1 ?is phrase is 8a cr[n ( fl[]s ( orange-tree02 ! un=givable s9 ly+ 9 ! two 8(s40 ,we are told t ,flaub]t orig9at$ a =mula ( art :i* ,gauti] *]i%$ all ! re/ ( 8 life3 8,! =m is ! p>5t ( ! idea40 ,9 o!r words1 y fir/ ?9k ( a beautiful way to say some?+1 & !n y ?9k ( some?+ to say :i* c be said 9 t way4 ,x w\ld be impossible = art p]v]sity to g f>!r2 & y h only to consid] 8,madame ,bov>y0 to realize h[ little ,flaub]t foll[$ 8 own !ory4 ,he did n fir/ ?9k ( a prose "w 9 two p>ts1 ! fir/ "p hav+ n9e *apt]s & ! second "p fifte52 :at he ?\ght ( 0 ! ,fr5* =mula1 locat+ ! seat ( ,nemesis 9 ! g5ital gl&s4 ,! secret ( 8 ma/]piece is ! fact t he *ose to illu/rate ?is =mula by means ( *>act]s :i* he knew intimately & lov$ ) all ! p[] ( 8 in/9ctive be+4 ,t is ! real basis ( ! greatness ( 8,madame ,bov>y02 ! fact t ) all h] faults & all h] follies h] creator lov$ h]1 & believ$ 9 h]1 & made h] real 9 e brea? %e drew & 9 e ^w %e utt]$4 ,! important idea :i* he put across is t we are all ( u1 good or bad1 wise or fooli%1 /upid or clev]1 pass5g]s on ! same %ip ( life1 toss$ by ! same /orms1 & b\nd = ! same unkn[n h>bor4 ,t is ! propag&a :i* makes ! greatness ( e "w ( realism1 if x has greatness4 ,& s we c und]/& ! failure ( ?is unhappy g5ius 9 8 o!r writ+s4 ,he w5t back to anci5t ,c>?age1 & foll[+ 8 rigid art !ories1 he labori\sly accumulat$ k ( detail1 & wrote :at he meant to be ano!r ma/]piece ( realism1 8,salammb40 ,he creates = u a :ole gall]y ( ,c>?ag9ian *>act]s2 b he doesn't "k ^! *>act]s1 he doesn't love !m1 he doesn't make u "k !m or love !m--& 8 w\ld-be ma/]piece is !re=e z lifeless z any gall]y ( wax works4 ,we read x ) curiosity because ( ! hi/orical detail1 ! pictures ( a f>-(f & cruel civilization2 b we seldom f9i% x1 & we =get ev]y?+ b :at a hi/ory-book might h giv5 u4 ,,*apt] ,,lxvi ,,! ,,mattress ,,grave ,we h paid a long visit to ,france1 & mu/ n[ cross ! ,rh9e & see :at is happ5+ 9 ,g]many4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! two arti/s :om we are ab\t to /udy are m5 :o _h to flee f ,g]many & sp5d a consid]able "p ( _! lives z political exiles 9 ,p>is4 ,he9ri* ,he9e 0 born 9 #agii1 ! same ye> z ,balzac4 ,he 0 a ,jew1 & x 0 a "t :5 ! ,jews 9 ,frank=t 7 p5n$ up 9 a fil?y ghetto & subject$ to insults & outrages2 ! 8,jew-grief0 0 "o ( ! deep elem5ts ( ?is great poet's s\l4 ,ano!r elem5t 0 ! %ame ( ! 8poor relation02 he _h a ri* uncle1 a millionaire bank] 9 ! b\rgeois city ( ,hamburg1 :o took ! y\?ful g5ius into 8 (fice at ! age ( n9ete51 & soon aft]w>ds kick$ him out1 tell+ him t he 0 8a fool40 ,among o!r follies1 ! "y g5ius _h fall5 9 love ) ! ri* bank]'s daught]1 & %e toy$ ) him = a :ile1 & !n m>ri$ respectably1 & gave ! poet's he>t a w\nd f :i* x nev] recov]$4 ,to get rid ( him ! uncle set him to /udy+ law2 b he made a poor /ud5t & a worse lawy]4 ,9 ord] to be all[$ to practice he _h to be baptiz$ z a ,*ri/ian2 ?is doesn't really d "o any h>m1 b x caus$ %ame to ,he9e ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,he _h no real religion1 be+ a *ild ( ,voltaire1 a rebel1 & 9 due c\rse a revolutioni/4 ,he 0 a poet1 a mak] ( exquisite v]ses1 full ( unutt]able t5d]ness4 ,also he 0 a lov]2 he w&]$ "h & !re ) 8 brok5 he>t1 try+ _m casual loves1 & pay+ = 8 adv5tures a frightful p5alty1 z w appe>4 ,we are back 9 ! days ( ! 8,holy ,alliance10 & all ! little pr9cel+s ( ,g]many are hold+ ! ?\ghts ( _! subjects 9 a vise4 ,he9e put satirical & skeptical ideas into rhyme2 he _h a bitt] wit1 & 8 words flew all ov] ,g]many1 & ! ,hoh5zoll]ns ( ,prussia n m]ely suppress$ "o book1 !y paid him ! complim5t ( prohibit+ ev]y?+ he might write4 8,put a sword on my c(f910 he said1 9 "o ( 8 /anzas1 8= ,i h be5 a soldi] 9 ! w> = ! lib]ation ( humanity40 ,! revolution ( #ahcj came 9 ,france1 & ,he9e 0 deeply /irr$1 & hop$ = some?+ to happ5 9 ,g]many4 ,b he _h to wait a long "t1 ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s2 !n1 /range :im ( hi/ory1 ?ree million ,am]ican boys _h to cross ! ocean to w9 ! political battle ( ?is ,g]man-,jewi% rebel6 ,he9e c\ld /& ,g]many no long]1 & w5t to live 9 ,p>is1 :]e he 0 welcom$ by ! :ole romantic s*ool4 ,he wrote lett]s1 articles & v]ses1 :i* w5t back to ,g]many & help$ c>ry on ! w> = fre$om4 ,8 g5ius & wit 7 su* t all ! ef=ts to b> 8 books only promot$ _! circulation4 ,fate play$ a que] prank ^u ! ,prussian ,junk]dom--_! mo/ popul> s5tim5tal songs1 :i* !y "k by he>t & s+ on all possible occasions1 7 writt5 by a rebel exile :om !y _h *as$ ab\t ! /reets 9 a ,jud5hetze2 ! same man :o wrote ! t]rible /anzas ( 8,! ,silesian ,weav]s10 pictur+ ! />v+ wret*es sitt+ 9 _! huts & weav+ a ?ree-fold curse1 aga9/ ,god1 ,k+ & ,fa!rl&--8,old ,g]many1 we weave ?y %r\d--we weave1 we weave60 ,8 0 a /range1 complex nature1 ) _m contradictory qualities4 ,he 0 call$ 8! ,g]man ,ari/ophanes40 ,he met 9 ! end a gha/ly fate2 a sp9al disease1 ! p5alty ( 8 casual loves1 sl[ly ate him up1 & = ye>s he lay on :at he call$ 8a mattress grave40 ,fir/ he c\ld sc>cely walk1 !n he c\ld sc>cely see1 & all ! "t he suff]$ hide\sly4 ,b 8 m9d la/$ to ! end1 & he saw all ?+s cle>ly1 includ+ 8 own grim fate4 8,! ,great ,au?or ( ! ,univ]se1 ! ,ari/ophanes ( ,heav51 wi%$ to %[ ! petty1 e>?ly1 s-call$ ,g]man ,ari/ophanes t 8 mightie/ s>casms are b feeble bant] comp>$ ) ,81 & h[ immeasurably ,he excels me 9 humor & 9 colossal wit40 ,,*apt] ,,lxvii ,,siegfri$-,,bakun9 ,9 my int]pretation ( arti/s s f> ,i h _h to rely1 = bett] or = worse1 ^u myself2 no "o else1 s f> z ,i "k1 has analyz$ art works f ! po9t ( view ( revolution>y economics4 8,tol/oi80 sugge/s ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,tol/oi consid]$ !m f ! po9t ( view ( ,*ri/ian primitivism1 a q diff]5t ?+4 ,b n[ at la/ ,i h help2 ! economic int]pretation ( ,ri*>d ,wagn] has be5 done by ,b]n>d ,%aw 9 a little book1 #8,! ,p]fect ,wagn]ite1' publi%$ m ?an tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,s ,i feel l a small boy tak+ %elt] f 8 enemies beh9d ! back ( 8 big bro!r40 8,if y w\ld talk l t m frequ5tly10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8y w\ldn't h s _m enemies60 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 0 a t[]+ g5ius1 a ma/] ( half a doz5 arts1 p]haps ! greate/ compell] ( emotion t has ev] liv$4 ,he inv5t$ a new art-=m1 ! 8music-drama10 9 :i* ! arts ( ! musician1 ! poet1 ! dramati/1 ! actor1 ! sc5e-pa9t]1 & ! co/um] are br\ght toge!r & fus$ into a new ?+1 8! music ( ! future40 ,x is a t]rific eng9e = ! evocation & int5sification ( human feel+s2 9 creat+ x1 & =c+ its recognition by ! _w1 ,wagn] p]=m$ a ,titan's task4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahac1 :i* made him ?irty-five ye>s ( age :5 ! revolution ( #ahdh drove ,k+ ,l\is ,philippe f ! ?rone ( ,france & s5t an impulse ( revolt all ov] ,europe4 ,wagn] at ?is "t 0 ! conductor ( ! ,royal ,op]a ,h\se at ,dresd51 hav+ a life position ) a good sal>y & a p5sion4 ,previ\s to t "t he _h _h a gha/ly /ruggle ) pov]ty2 a "y & unkn[n g5ius1 he _h almo/ />v$ to dea? 9 a g>ret 9 ,p>is4 ,he _h m>ri$ an actress1 :o _h no und]/&+ :atev] ( 8 p[]1 b :o _h />v$ ) him1 & n[ clung ) fr5zy to security4 ,he himself _h ! full consci\sness ( 8 de/9y z an arti/2 he _h already writt5 ?ree great op]as1 & _h sket*$ 8 lat] works4 ,he _h ?us e reason 9 ! _w to protect 8 future1 & to %elt] himself beh9d ! art = art's sake =mula4 ,in/ead ( :i*1 he att5d$ a meet+ ( a revolution>y society ( ,dresd51 & deliv]$ an address appeal+ to ! k+ ( ,saxony--! royal p]sonage ^: s]vant & p5sion] he 0--to e/abli% univ]sal suffrage1 to aboli% ! ari/ocracy & ! /&+ army1 & to con/itute a republic ) ,8 ,maje/y z presid5t4 ,ne$less to say1 ,8 ,maje/y did n foll[ ?is recomm5dation f 8 op]atic conductor2 & next ye> ! p ( ,dresd5 rose1 & built b>ricades 9 ! /reets1 & ,wagn] jo9$ ! revolutioni/s & actively took "p 9 organiz+ _! =ces4 ,:5 ! ,prussian troops m>*$ 9 & put d[n ! insurrection1 ?ree m5 7 proscrib$ 9 a royal proclamation z 8politically dang]\s p]sons10 & condemn$ to dea?4 ,"o 0 ,roeckel1 assi/ant conductor ( ! op]a h\se1 :o 0 captur$ & sp5t ! next twelve ye>s 9 a dungeon2 ano!r 0 ,mi*ael ,bakun91 :o became ! f\nd] ( ! ,an>*i/ movem5t2 & ! ?ird 0 ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 royal op]atic conductor4 ,g]many's greate/ liv+ g5ius sp5t 8 next twelve ye>s z a political exile 9 ,france & ,switz]l&4 ,he utiliz$ ! "t1 9 "p to p\r out political pamphlets1 & 9 "p to embody 8 revolution>y view ( life 9 8 greate/ art "w4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! pamphlets may f9d extracts 9 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice40 ,"h is a sample f a manife/o entitl$ 8,revolution10 publi%$ 9 ! ,dresd5 8,volksblaett]03 ,arise1 !n1 ye p ( ! e>?1 arise1 ye sorr[-/rick5 & oppress$4 ,ye1 also1 :o va9ly /ruggle to clo! ! inn] desolation ( y\r he>ts ) ! transi5t glory ( ri*es1 arise6 ,come & foll[ 9 my track ) ! joyful cr[d1 = ,i "k n h[ to make di/9ction betwe5 ^? :o foll[ me4 ,!re are b two peoples f h5ce=? on e>?--! "o :i* foll[s me1 & ! "o :i* resi/s me4 ,! "o ,i w lead to happ9ess1 b ! o!r ,i w cru% 9 my progress4 ,= ,i am ! ,revolution1 ,i am ! new creat+ =ce4 ,i am ! div9ity :i* disc]ns all life1 :i* embraces1 revives1 & rew>ds4 ,! art "w 9 :i* ,wagn] embodi$ ^! revolution>y ideas is kn[n z 8,! ,r+ ( ! ,nibelung40 ,x consi/s ( f\r long op]as1 bas$ ^u ! old ,g]man my?ology4 ,x beg9s ) a *>m+ fairy /ory & ends ) a grim trag$y2 & f fir/ to la/ x is a /udy ( ! effects ( economic p[] ^u human life4 ,9 ! dep?s ( ! riv] dwell ! ,rh9e-maid5s1 hav+ a lump ( gold :i* !y admire because x %9es1 b = :i* !y h no o!r use4 ,an ugly little dw>f pursues !m2 & :5 he _c get _! love1 he decides to get along ) _! gold4 ,he /eals x1 & makes f x a magic r+1 :i* repres5ts ! ability to build cities & palaces1 to comm& luxury & pleasure--to be1 9 %ort1 our pres5t ma/] class4 ,ev5 ! gods are s$uc$ by ?is lure1 & fall to qu>rel+ & intrigu+ = ! magic p[] ( gold4 ,! god ,wotan wre/s x f ! dw>f ,alb]i*2 & ! latt] puts a curse ^u x1 to ! effect t x c only be worn by ^? :o h r5\nc$ love--:i* is j z y see x 9 our mod]n _w1 & j z ,wagn] saw x :5 he 0 a c\rt s]vant 9 ,dresd51 & 0 driv5 mad by ! insol5ce ( h]$it>y privilege4 ,!re are two giants1 :o repres5t our great capta9s ( indu/ry1 & h built ,wotan a palace kn[n z ,walhalla4 ,! giants h be5 promis$ ,wotan's si/]1 ! goddess ( y\?ful beauty & goodness1 z _! pay = ?is labor2 b !y elect to take ! r+ in/ead4 ,?is is ,wagn]'s way ( tell+ u 8 op9ion ( ! great bank]s & g5tlem5 ( weal? :om he va9ly bes\ght to assi/ him 9 ! production ( 8 beautiful works ( art4 ,!re 7 no factories 9 old ,g]man my?ology2 b ! sc5e %[s u a cav]n d[n 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 :]e ,alb]i*1 by ! p[] ( 8 r+1 compels all 8 fell[ dw>fs to toil at mak+ treasures = him4 ,we see him wield+ ! la%1 & ! music sn>ls & :9es1 & x is precisely ! atmosph]e y f9d 9 e sweat-%op & cotton mill & coal m9e "u our bless$ competitive sy/em4 ,& :5 we see "o ( ! giants slay 8 bro!r1 & c>ry (f ! r+1 & turn himself into a dragon1 to sit ^u x & gu>d x = ! balance ( "t1 we "k t ,wagn] has visit$ ! millionaire clubs ( ,dresd51 & se5 ! fat old plutocrats 9 _! big lea!r arm-*airs4 ,wotan1 ! old god1 sees too late ! ru9 he has br\ght into ! _w2 he decides t ! only way ( escape is to create a h]o :o %all slay ! dragon ( privilege & break ! spell ( economic might4 ,?is h]o is ! "y ,siegfri$1 ! *ild ( nature :o kn[s no fe>2 ,b]n>d ,%aw says t he is ,wagn]'s "y ,an>*i/ associate1 ,bakun94 ,& note t 9 ?is ,siegfri$ my? ,wagn] =e%ad[s ! d[nfall n only ( capitalism1 b also ( religion4 ,! la/ ( ! f\r op]as is call$ 8,! ,twilight ( ! ,gods10 & ! two evil spells ( gold & ( sup]/ition are brok5 by ! /rong arm & ! cle> m9d ( a human y\?4 ,wagn] wrote ! words ( ^! f\r op]as imm$iately aft] ! ,dresd5 revolution2 ! poem 0 privately publi%$ f\r ye>s aft] 8 flight f ! city4 ,dur+ ! ye>s ( 8 exile he af=ds u a sublime example ( a great man cont5d+ ) ob/acles = ! sake ( an ideal4 ,he w5t ahead to compose 8 ma/]piece 9 ! face ( pov]ty & debt1 ridicule & ignom9y4 ,8 works 7 absolutely new1 !y requir$ an absolutely new me?od ( pres5tation2 s1 ev5 :5 he c\ld get a *ance ( production1 he _h to face ! /upidity & malice ( s+]s & conductors & manag]s1 :o 7 sure 9 _! own conceit & res5t$ in/ructions f an up/>t4 ,we f9d him 9 #ahfj1 almo/ at ! end ( 8 exile1 receiv+ f ,l\is ,napoleon an opportunity to put on 8,tannhus]0 9 ,p>is4 ,n[ ?is op]a is a music s]mon 9 repreh5sion ( s5sual love2 x portrays ! ru9 & ultimate rep5tance ( a m$ieval knight :o is lur$ into ! ,v5usburg1 ! lurk+ place ( ! old hea!n goddess4 ,& ?is ,sunday s*ool lesson 9 music 0 to be pres5t$ 9 ! great op]a h\se1 ^: boxes 7 r5t$ by memb]s ( ! ,jockey ,club1 ! gild$ y\? ( ,p>is :o support$ ! op]a 9 ord] to provide publicity = _! mi/resses 9 ! ballet6 ,! cla% 0 embitt]$ by ! fact t ! memb]s ( ! ,jockey ,club came late f _! supp]-p>ties1 & want$ to see _! mi/resses dance2 !re=e x 0 an iron-clad law ( ! op]a t ! ballet came 9 ! second act4 ,b 9 ,wagn]'s ,sunday s*ool lesson ! knight is lur$ into ! ,v5usburg 9 ! fir/ act1 & ! compos] /ubbornly refus$ to *ange 8 /ory4 ,!re=e ! "y g5tlem5 ( ! ,jockey ,club yell$ & hoot$ & blew p5ny-:i/les all ?r\gh ! p]=mance1 & kept t up night aft] night4 ,!y ev5 took ! tr\ble to come on ,sunday to make sure ( break+ up ,wagn]'s %[4 ,x w\ld be pleasant to h to record t ?is h]o ( ! social revolution /ood by 8 guns until ! end ( 8 life2 b alas1 he weak5$1 & sold out completely to ! enemy4 ,b]n>d ,%aw excuses him on ! gr\nd t ! social revolution 0 n yet ready1 & t ! revolutioni/s 7 impractical m54 ,b ,i say t x 0 ,wagn]'s task to help make ! social revolution ready1 & to tra9 ! revolutioni/s by sett+ !m an example ( probity4 ,in/ead ( t1 he decid$ t ! e/abli%+ ( 8 own reputation 0 m important ?an ! salvation ( society4 ,he accept$ amne/y f ! ,saxon k+1 & came back & made himself into a great capta9 ( ! music indu/ry1 & a national & patriotic h]o4 ,he became ! intimate fri5d & p5sion] ( ! k+ ( ,bav>ia2 & = ?is k+ he wrote a highly confid5tial pap] entitl$ 8,( ! ,/ate & ,religion10 :]e9 he expla9$ t he _h once be5 a ,sociali/1 b he n[ saw t ! masses 7 gross & dull1 incapable ( high a*ievem5t4 ,! problem 0 to get !m to s]ve ends :i* !y did n und]/&2 !y mu/ be deceiv$1 !y mu/ h illusions4 ,! fir/ mass-illusion 0 patriotism2 !y mu/ be taught to rev]5ce _! k+4 ,! second mass-illusion 0 religion2 !y mu/ believe !y 7 obey+ ! w ( ,god4 ,! difficulty ( gov]nm5t lay 9 ! fact t ! rul+ class mu/ see ! tru?1 !y c\ld n believe ei!r 9 ! ,/ate or 9 ,god4 ,= !m !re mu/ be ! high] illusions ( ! ,wagn]ian art4 ,ne$less to say1 = ?is secret s]vice ,k+ ,ludwig paid g5]\sly1 & we f9d ,wagn] sp5d+ 8 p5sion--,i cite "o item1 ?ree hundr$ y>ds ( sat9 ( ?irte5 c>efully specifi$ colors1 at a co/ ( ?ree ?\s& flor9s6 ,he _h crav$ luxury all 8 life1 & 9 ! end he got x--n m]ely silks & sat9s & velvets1 = :i* he _h a sort ( insanity1 b all k9ds ( spl5dor & homage1 ) k+s & emp]ors to att5d ! op5+ p]=mances ( 8 op]as4 ,:5 ! ,franco-,prussian w> breaks out we f9d our ,siegfri$-,bakun9 dr9k+ ! cup ( milit>y glory & p\r+ out a 8,kais]-m>*02 we f9d him /oop+ to an op]atic libretto 9 :i* he ca/s odium ^u all ! g5ius ( ,france1 n sp>+ ev5 ,victor ,hugo4 ,he reads ,s*op5hau]1 & decides t he is a pessimi/1 & has always be5 a pessimi/1 & he tries to re9t]pret 8 revolution>y 8,r+0 accord+ly4 ,he composes a religi\s fe/ival play1 a mixture ( ,*ri/ian my/icism & ,buddhi/ fatalism1 call$ 8,p>sival10 :i* made ! =tune ( 8 ,bayreu? ent]prise1 a play-h\se built out ( funds subscrib$ by 8 admir]s4 ,wagn] liv$ to old age1 full ( honors1 & left a wid[ & a son1 poetically nam$ ,siegfri$4 ,! wid[ di$ rec5tly1 b ! son /ill survives1 to bask 9 8 fa!r's glory1 & to ga!r 9 ! %ekels ( ! music pilgrims4 ,x is possible to appreciate to ! full ! sublimity ( ! revolution>y ,wagn] )\t pay+ rev]5ce to ?is family in/itution :i* he has left beh9d1 or = ! hordes ( 8,s*wa]m]0 :o come to eat sausages & dr9k be] & revel 9 emotions :i* !y h no idea ( apply+ to life4 ,is !re any?+ 9 all ! trag$ies imag9$ by ,ri*>d ,wagn] m tragic ?an ! fate :i* has befall5 ! "y ,siegfri$-,bakun9--^: pre/ige & tradition are n[ ! f9ancial ma9/ay ( ! ,:ite ,t]ror 9 ,g]many1 ! ,jew-bait+1 ,communi/-%oot+ mob ( ! 8,hak5kreutzl]10 or ,bav>ian ,fasci/i8 ,,*apt] ,,lxviii ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,sil5ce ,ogi has be5 w&]+ ab\t ! cave ) a discont5t$ expression on 8 face1 %[+ a disposition to gr[l at :atev] gets 9 8 way4 ,mrs4 ,ogi1 ^: job is to notice dome/ic wea!r-signs1 inquires3 8,:at is ! matt] ) y80 ,says ,ogi3 8,i h to write an un9t]e/+ *apt]40 8,:y don't y skip x80 8,i c't1 because x deals ) an int]e/+ man40 ,z %e _c guess t riddle1 he goes on to compla93 8,if only ,i _h be5 writ+ ?is book tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 :5 ,i ?\ght #8,s>tor ,res>tus' ! mo/ delightful book ev] p5n$6 ,b ,i w5t on1 & got an ov]dose ( ,c>lyle4 ,i read almo/ all t ,gospel ( ,sil5ce 9 =ty volumes2 & n[ ,i sit & ask3 :at did ,i le>n f x8 ,"s facts1 ( c\rse3 hi/ory & biography4 ,b did ,i get a s+le valid idea1 "o s\nd conclusion ab\t life80 8,expla9 x quickly1 & pass on10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i expla9 ! human race1 block$ f ! future by a %eet-/eel door4 ,we ne$ ! acetyl5e tor* ( spiritual f]vor2 also we ne$ ! eng9e]+ bra91 to say3 8,put x "h1 & "h1 & cut ! h+es40 ,9 ! face ( ?is task1 "s ( ! wield]s ( ! tor* g (f & get drunk4 ,o!rs fall d[n on _! knees & pray4 ,o!rs =bid u to t\* ! door1 because ,god made x & x is ,8 w4 ,o!rs write noble v]ses ) p]fect rhymes1 to ! effect t man is born to tr\ble1 & great art tea*es u to endure discom=t ) dignity4 ,o!rs take fire ) zeal1 & proce$ to butt ! door d[n ) _! heads4 ,!y butt & butt1 until _! heads a*e4 ,i realize h[ undignifi$ x is to describe a great ma/] ( ,engli% prose z a #8sorehead'2 yet !re happ5s to be no o!r ^w 9 ! language t s tells ! /ory ( ,?omas ,c>lyle40 ,he 0 ! son ( a c>p5t] 9 ,scotl&1 & suff]$ f pov]ty & neglect1 & ?r\gh a long life f indige/ion4 ,he compla9$ pa!tically t ,em]son ate pie & 0 well1 :ile he ate pla9 oatmeal & 0 mis]able4 ,he 0 irritable1 & h>d to get along )--we are privileg$ to "k ab\t ?is1 because bo? he & 8 wife wrote endless lett]s to _! fri5ds1 detail+ _! dome/ic tr\bles1 & ^! lett]s are publi%$ 9 _m volumes1 & we c read bo? sides & take our *oice4 ,t5nyson refus$ ass5t to ! proposition t ! ,c>lyles %\ld h m>ri$ else:]e2 because !n !re w\ld h be5 f\r mis]able p in/ead ( two4 ,c>lyle made himself1 & also 8 lit]>y /yle2 he 0 a hack writ]1 biograph] & translator1 & /ruggl$ along ) a dissatisfi$ "y wife 9 a lonely c\ntry cottage4 8,s>tor ,res>tus0 0 writt5 at ! age ( ?irty-five1 & sket*es ! philosophy ( an imag9>y ,g]man pr(essor1 ^: "n translat$ means 8,devil's ,dung02 ?is pr(essor's philosophy be+ bas$ ^u ! discov]y t ev]y?+ 9 civilization is m]ely clo!s1 ! outside ( ?+s1 ! %ams & pret5sions & conv5tions4 ,x is funny to imag9e our /atesm5 & diplomats & prom95t society p]sonages /ripp$1 n m]ely ( _! m$als & ribbons1 b also ( _! %irts & tr\s]s2 v few ( !m w\ld look impos+--& ! same applies to civilization ) its proprieties1 moralities & religions4 ,?is "w ( upro>i\s mis*ief fell absolutely flat 9 well-dress$ & well-mann]$ ,engl&1 & ,em]son & a few p 9 f>-(f ,bo/on _h to in=m ! ,briti% cultur$ classes t !y _h a new prophet among !m4 ,! tea*+ ( 8,s>tor ,res>tus0 is entirely negative2 & :5 y ask :at ,c>lyle _h to contribute to con/ructive ?9k+ ab\t our hateful social sy/em1 ! answ] is3 nons5se4 ,he saw ! evils1 & scold$ at !m--& scold$ equally h>d at ! =ces :i* are to rem$y ! evils4 ,c>lyle _h contempt = ! p1 out ( ^: lap he _h sprung2 he despis$ democracy & ! :ole ma*9]y ( popul> cons5t4 ,he repaid ,am]ica = discov]+ him by ridicul+ ! ,union cause2 he d5\nc$ ! re=m bill ( #ahfg z 8,%oot+ ,niag>a40 ,c>lyle's way to set ! _w "r is reveal$ to u 9 a book call$ 8,h]o-,wor%ip40 ,fir/ we h to f9d ! ,great ,man2 & !n we h to obey him4 8,ob$i5ce is ! prim>y duty ( man0--mean+1 ( c\rse1 ! man l y & me1 :o is spell$ ) a little m4 ,! "o :o is spell$ ) a capital lett] is ! ,autocrat1 :o makes u d :at we ought to d4 8,a nation t has n be5 gov]n$ by s-call$ tyrants nev] came to mu* 9 ! _w40 ,our ,great ,tyrant sets u all h>d at "w4 ,he makes u build h\ses & cultivate f>ms--b no ma*9]y or railroads1 because ^! con/itute ,indu/rialism1 :i* is a ,mammon-,mon/]4 ,if we d our "w by ma*9]y we h leisure1 & t is dang]\s2 we mu/ h ,"w1 & !n m ,"w1 our "o safe ,deliv]ance f ,devil-,mis*ief--y see h[ "o picks up ! /yle ( ! 8,gospel ( ,sil5ce06 ,hav+ got ! h\ses built1 :at next8 ,:y !n1 to save u f ! ,idl5ess-,imp we set to "w knock+ ! h\ses d[n ) cannon-balls4 ,i don't mean t ,c>lyle always advocat$ w>2 :at he did 0 to glorify sy/ems ( gov]nm5t :i* hi/orically h result$ & psy*ologically mu/ result 9 w>4 ,at ! age ( fifty-eight1 hav+ survey$ ! :ole ( hi/ory1 our ,scot* h]o-wor%ipp] select$ ! greate/ ( human h]oes to become ! subject ( a gr& /ate biography 9 six volumes3 & :om d y suppose ?is h]o turns out to be8 ,fr$]ick ( ,prussia1 :o /ole ,silesia f 8 c\s91 & seiz$ ,pol& & divid$ x up among ,au/ria1 ,russia & himself2 ,jona?an ,wild ! ,great1 f\nd] ( ! ,hoh5zoll]n ,h]oism1 & great-great-gr&fa!r ( our ,_w ,w>6 ,i dutifully read ^? six l>ge volumes1 & /udi$ ! s]ies ( *>ts 9 :i* ! /rategy ( ,fr$]ick's milit>y campaigns is set =?4 ,i le>n$ a fasc9at+ p>lor game1 :i* consi/s 9 mov+ "h & !re little black & :ite oblongs repres5t+ regim5ts & brigades & divisions & o!r milit>y =mations ( human be+s4 ,! :ite oblongs repres5t y\r own human be+s1 & ! black oblongs repres5t ! human be+s y propose to de/roy2 y p\nd !m to pieces ) artill]y1 y sweep !m ) volleys ( musketry1 y *>ge !m ) cavalry & *op !m ) sabres--& !n y move up o!r oblongs1 call$ res]ves1 & cont9ue ! proc$ure4 ,x is saf] to play ?is game on pap]1 because :5 y get ?r\gh1 y c ?r[ ! pap] into ! wa/e-basket1 & d n h "s t5s ( ?\s&s ( dead & mutilat$ m5 & horses decay+ all ov] y\r back y>d4 ,a pitiful end+ = a ,prophet & ,prea*] :o aspires to ! ,remak+ ( ,mank9d 9 ,capital ,lett]s6 ,j a poor1 bewild]$ old dot>d1 dyspeptic & crot*ety1 helpless & blund]+1 aspir+ to a c]ta9 end & work+ to ! opposite end4 8,b :y %\ld anyone consid] su* a man great80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i h be5 try+ to =mulate t to myself4 ,x is because he _h ! grace to be unhappy ab\t our mod]n _w4 ,he did n get drunk on moon%9e2 he did n tell himself t ,god 0 go+ to d :at x 0 obvi\sly ! bus9ess ( m5 to d4 ,he didn't p]suade himself t ,evolution 0 go+ to d x1 or t ,"t 0 go+ to d x1 or t ,fai? 0 go+ to d x4 ,he didn't prattle ab\t "o increas+ purpose runn+ ?r\gh ! ages1 or ab\t "o f>-(f div9e ev5t to :i* ! :ole creation moves4 ,he didn't decide to dream 8 dream & hold x true1 or to h mom5ts :5 he felt he c\ld n die4 ,he didn't tell u t ,love w conqu] at ! la/1 or t 8 fai? 0 l>ge 9 ,"t--0 8,?is appe>s to be a transition10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,precisely4 ,we are ab\t to beg9 a new *apt]3 ,! ,lullaby ,laureate1 or ,que5 ,victoria's ,sup]-,soo?+ ,syrup40 ,,*apt] ,,lxix ,,! ,,lullaby ,,laureate ,! /ory ( my own s\l is ! /ory ( ,alfr$ ,t5nyson's reputation = ! la/ ?irty or =ty ye>s2 s t is ! easie/ way = me to tell ab\t x4 ,i 0 "o ( ,t5nyson's cultural products4 ,i _c recall ! age :5 ,i did n "k 8,call me e>ly1 "m de>10 & 8,:at does little birdie say80 ,z soon z ,i _h ! idea ( be+ any?+1 ,i _h ! idea ( be+ ,sir ,galahad4 ,i att5d$ v dev\tly a *ur*1 :i* diff]$ f t ( ,alfr$ ,t5nyson 9 "o fact--t x _h a pray] = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 place ( a pray] = ! ,que54 ,i d\bt if x ev] occurr$ to me to ?9k t ,t5nyson might be wrong 9 any?+--until ! age ( fifte51 :5 sudd5ly !re dawn$ ^u my horrifi$ m9d ! idea t ,*ri/ianity 0 m]ely ano!r my?ology4 ,i wre/l$ ) ?is idea = a c\ple ( ye>s1 & "p ( ! /ruggle consi/$ ( a /udy ( 8,9 ,memoriam10 recomm5d$ by my spiritual advis]4 ,! poem sugge/$ a great _m new reasons = d\bt+ ! immortality ( ! s\l2 b x sugge/$ no c]ta9ty t ! ,creator ( ! univ]se1 hav+ giv5 me "o life1 0 "u obligation to give me two4 ,:i* meant t ,i 0 ?r\gh ) ,t5nyson1 ^: :ole product1 on its religi\s side1 is an agoniz$ cry t immortality mu/ be4 ,9 politics & economics ,i exp]i5c$ a simil> revulsion f my "o-"t idol4 ,he seem$ to me a victim ( all ! delusions1 a celebrator ( all ! %ams ( civilization4 ,ev5 8 poetical *>ms n[ annoy$ me1 s]v+ z trimm+ & decoration = second-rate ideas4 ,9 my reaction ,i w5t too f>1 z h all ! "y p ( our "t2 = ,t5nyson 0 really a great poet1 & a man ( f9e & g5]\s _s4 ,he 0 ! son ( a ,*ur* ( ,engl& cl]gyman1 & t is a fact :i* mu/ nev] be =gott52 he grew up 9 a rectory1 & wrote ,sunday poetry4 ,he 0 ! eld] bro!r ( a big family1 & took ! position ( eld] bro!r to all mank9d4 ,he 0 tall & impos+1 d>k & romantic look+1 cultivat+ long wavy black locks & a ,spani% cloak & a poet's pipe4 ,:5 he did n "k any?+ to say1 he puff$ at 8 pipe & look$ magnific5t1 & ev]ybody 0 aw$4 ,culture came naturally 9 8 family4 ,he _h writt5 five ?\s& octosyllabic rhymes at ! age ( twelve4 ,8 fir/ v]ses 7 publi%$ :5 he 0 "y1 & because "o or two critics made fun ( !m1 he took refuge 9 8 dignity & wait$ n9e ye>s to publi% aga94 8,ulysses0 made 8 fame :5 he 0 ?irty-?ree1 & two ye>s lat] he receiv$ a p5sion f ! ,tory gov]nm5t4 ,two ye>s aft] t came 8,! ,pr9cess10 a dramatic composition 9 ridicule ( ! high] education ( wom52 x suit$ ! l[]-educat$ ,victorian ladies s p]fectly t x ran into five editions4 ,9 #ahej1 at ! age ( =ty-"o1 ,t5nyson became ! laureate2 :5 he 0 sev5ty-f\r he 0 rais$ to ! pe]age4 ,no o!r ,engli% poet has e>n$ ?is honor1 :i* is res]v$ to :olesale slaught]]s ( animals & m51 to brew]s1 :iskey di/ill]s1 diamond m]*ants1 & publi%]s ( capitali/ dope4 ,conc]n+ ,"l ,t5nyson z an arti/ 9 words1 !re is little t ne$s to be said4 ,he receiv$ 8 8t5 tal5ts0 & put !m to use2 ev]y:]e he w5t he c>efully collect$ poetical impressions1 words1 phrases & ideas1 & jott$ !m d[n4 ,no "o ev] sp5t m "t fil+ & p]fect+1 & no "o 0 m completely ma/] ( beautiful utt]ance4 ,he _h an inquir+ m9d1 & pick$ up ideas on all subjects & put !m into 8 poetry2 b un=tunately he f\nd consecutive ?9k+ v difficult1 & y c f9d z _m contradictory ?\ghts 9 him z 9 ! ,bible4 ,he has an inv9cible repugnance to ! draw+ ( uncom=table conclusions2 :5ev] 8 ?9k+ leads to su*1 he evaporates 9 a cl\d ( com=t+ words4 ,8 v]se conta9s m platitudes & *eap *e]-up /uff ?an any o!r poet kn[n to me2 & s he 0 ! d>l+ ( ! antimacass> age4 ,engl& _h put d[n ,napoleon & tak5 possession ( ! trade ( ! _w4 ,!re 7 revolutions on ! cont95t1 b at home no?+ worse ?an a few riot]s to be clubb$ by ! police4 ,! foggy isl&s 7 a safe hav51 adm9i/]$ by l&lords & m]*ants4 ,ev]y?+ 0 = ! be/ 9 ! be/ ( all possible worlds1 & ! function ( a poet 0 to tell x to ! p1 9 su* beautiful language t !y w\ld accept x z a revelation4 ,t5nyson 9 8 e>ly days _h %[n traces ( lib]alism1 b ! ,*>ti/ movem5t fright5$ him into reaction1 & !re he /ay$4 8,%\t = ,engl&60 says ! *orus ( "o ( 8 poems1 & ! function ( ! %\t 9 suppress+ ?\ght is und]/ood by all /ud5ts ( mob psy*ology4 8,riflem51 =m60 exhort$ ano!r poem1 publi%$ 9 ! 8,times0-- ,let y\r re=ms = a mom5t g2 ,look to y\r butts1 & take good aim4 ,t 01 s to speak1 a 8,timesly0 s5tim5t2 ! riflem5 ha/5$ to =m1 & ! "y ari/ocrats l$ !m to slaught]1 & ! poet laureate _h to come =w>d aga9 to glorify ! ,briti% national habit ( blund]+4 8,! ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade0 0 s popul> 9 its day t x 0 pr9t$ on picture po/ c>ds2 e s*ool *ild le>n$ ! duty ( ! l[] classes "u ! ,tory sy/em-- ,!irs n to make reply1 ,!irs n to "q :y1 ,!irs b to d & die4 ,be> 9 m9d t ! factory sy/em 0 n[ 9 full fl[]1 & little *ildr5 t5 & twelve ye>s old 7 slav+ all night 9 cotton mills1 or dragg+ heavy c>s 9 ! dep?s ( coal m9es4 ,engli% manufactur]s & l&lords 7 tax+ ! l[] classes to su* a condition t today1 :5 y see !m p\r+ out = _! holidays ^u ,hamp/ead ,hea?1 !y seem n human be+s1 b "s l[] species1 %ambl+ & de=m$4 ,once 9 a :ile a gleam ( ?is horror breaks into ,t5nyson's v]se2 b ev5 !n ! message is reaction>y--an ,engli% g5tleman is scold+ at comm]cialism because x de/roys ! good old c\ntry life4 ,b = ! mo/ "p ! ,victorian way ( deal+ ) uncom=table ?+s 0 to hu% !m up4 ,poetry mu/ select pure & sweet subjects2 poetry mu/ be polite1 x mu/ use big words & pres]ve ! home com=ts4 ,x is our duty to believe :at is prop]1 ev5 :5 x is obvi\sly n true4 ,i h ref]r$ to ,t5nyson's long agony on ! subject ( immortality4 ,! deepe/ exp]i5ce ( 8 life 0 ! dea? ( 8 fri5d1 ,ar?ur ,hallam1 a man :o app>5tly knew h[ to ?9k1 & to drive ! dreamy poet to "w4 ,x is puzzl+ to u t a gr[n man %\ld be s tak5 aback by dea?2 x w\ld seem to be a common en\gh ph5om5on to be not$ & prep>$ =4 ,b ,t5nyson 0 /ruck d[n m5tally & spiritually1 & 8 suff]+s make cle> to u t he did n really believe 8 cre$4 ,m5 :o are s]i\sly conv9c$ ( heav5 don't m9d wait+ a few ye>s to jo9 _! lov$ ones2 b ,t5nyson 0 nev] really sure t he w\ld see ,ar?ur ,hallam aga91 & he sp5t sev5te5 ye>s brood+ ov] ?is problem1 & putt+ 8 brood+s into 8,9 ,memoriam40 ,! poet e>ly fell 9 love ) a "y ,engli% lady1 b c\ld n af=d to m>ry h]2 s he wait$ tw5ty ye>s1 & %e wait$ also4 ,n[ !re h be5 poets :o m>ri$ :5 !y fell 9 love1 & w5t (f & kept h\se 9 a g>ret or a cottage1 & made out ! be/ !y c\ld4 ,b ,t5nyson _h to h 8 poet's robe & 8 poet's *air 9 front ( ! fireplace2 he _h to be an ,engli% g5tleman1 & to keep 8 wife l an ,engli% lady 9 ! days ( ,victorian propriety4 ,! lady1 :5 !y 7 f9ally unit$1 put an end to frett+ ov] immortality2 %e expla9$ to h] husb& t 8d\bt is devil-born0--& :at g5tleman wants a devil 9 8 home8 ,x is bett] to become an oracle3 to prea* ab\t peace 9 a f> future1 & meantime wield a sword 9 ! ,crimea2 to s+ ab\t ju/ice1 & vote ! ,tory ticket2 to h all ! com=ts t f9e phrases c br+1 )\t sacrific+ ^? o!r com=ts ( popul>ity & prosp]ity4 ,t5nyson w5t back to ! old days ( ,brita91 & falsifi$ ! /ory ( ,k+ ,ar?ur s z to make x sweetly s5tim5tal4 8,ob$i5ce is ! bond ( rule10 he wrote2 & s ,que5 ,victoria's husb& came to call on him4 ,he prea*$ submission to womanhood3 8,lay ?y sweet h&s 9 m9e & tru/ to me0--& s he 0 summon$ to ,w9dsor ,ca/le to kiss ! sweet h& ( 8 que54 ,"o ?9ks ( ! sweet h&s ( ^? ,engli% ladies :o took up hat*ets & *opp$ ! pictures 9 ! ,national ,gall]y6 ,victoria's belov$ husb& di$1 & ,t5nyson wrote an ode to him2 s he became ! de> pudgy old lady's intimate fri5d1 & %e confid$ to him ! tr\bles ( royalty4 8,h[ ,i wi% y c\ld sugge/ means ( cru%+ ^? horrible publications1 ^: object is to promulgate sc&al & calumny1 :i* !y inv5t !mselves60 ,! poet did 8 be/2 8 mo/ popul> s5tim5tal & patriotic /uff 0 publi%$ 9 pamphlets :i* sold = ?ripp5ce2 b 9 spite ( ev]y?+ ! labor movem5t cont9u$ to take root1 & likewise ,socialism--or 8,utopian idiocy10 to use ! ,t5nysonian phrase4 ,he sits ^u 8 ?rone1 eighty ye>s ( age & m1 & h>dly anyone que/ions 8 supremacy2 he is ! greate/ ,engli% poet s9ce ,%akespe>e1 !re is no liv+ writ] to be comp>$ to him4 ,we pity him1 = aft] all1 he is a great man1 & has writt5 great v]se--8,ulysses10 = example1 ( :i* no "o c\ld ev] wi% to *ange a l9e4 ,he has writt5 lyrics ( beauty & real eloqu5ce4 ,b n[ he sees ! y\ng] g5]ation travel+ ano!r road f 81 & he wond]s & fe>s & /orms & scolds4 ,he is too cle>-sight$ n to see ! wreck ( 8 dreams-- ,poor old voice ( eighty cry+ aft] voices t h fl$6 ,he looks ab\t & sees mod]n capitalism-- ,is x well t :ile we range ) ,sci5ce1 glory+ 9 ! "t1 ,city *ildr5 soak & black5 s\l & s5se 9 city slime8 ,x 0 no common ,victorian :o saw t at ! age ( eighty2 & no fair critic w d5y him cr$it = su* l9es4 ,b ! eld]ly poet-"l _h no idea :at to d ab\t x1 & capitali/ society cont9u$ to n\ri% its secret disease1 :i* tw5ty-two ye>s aft] ,t5nyson's dea? 0 to cov] ! :ole e>? ) vomit4 ,,*apt] ,,lxx ,,high-,,br[ ,,society ,!re 0 ano!r poet :o grew up 9 ?is unpromis+ ,victorian ,engl&4 ,8 fa!r & gr&fa!r 7 bank (ficials1 & he _h a com=table income4 ,9 8 y\? he 0 a d&y1 ) lemon-color$ gloves & fl[+ poetical locks2 he turn$ into a lead+ clubman & a prom95t d9]-out4 ,he believ$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & 9 ^? social conv5tions :i* guide ! lives ( ,engli% g5tlem52 he refus$ to p]mit 8 wife to h any?+ to d ) ,george ,s&'s ,bohemian set1 & :5 %e tri$ to inve/igate spiritualism he broke up ! %[4 ,& yet he manag$ to be a great & op5-m9d$ poet1 & 9 _m ways a revolution>y =ce4 ,he _h 9 him a core ( s\nd in/9ct1 a heal?y belief 9 life & a tru/ 9 8 own intellect4 ,he fell 9 love ) a lady poet by ! "n ( ,elizabe? ,b>rett1 :o 0 an invalid1 kept 9 a k9d ( prison ( duty by a tyrannical old fa!r4 ,! poet did n wait tw5ty ye>s = h]2 he p]suad$ h] to slip ar\nd ! corn] & m>ry him--a dreadful sc&al 9 ! polite _w ( ,engl&4 ,:5 ,i 0 a lad we did n h ! ^w 8high-br[02 its place 0 fill$ by ! ^w 8,br[n+40 ,le>n$ ladies & g5tlem5 _h =m$ a 8,br[n+ ,society10 & held solemn meet+s 9 :i* !y tri$ to f9d out :at ^! poems 7 ab\t4 ,app>5tly ! task prov$ a difficult "o1 = !y are at x /ill4 ,n[ a poet may be obscure because he has some?+ to say :i* is v pr(\nd2 b !re is little ( t k9d ( obscurity 9 ,rob]t ,br[n+4 ,:5 y deciph] 8 message1 x turns out to be some?+ q obvi\s1 l ! immortality ( ! s\l1 or ! rights ( love1 or ! fact t human motives are mix$4 ,! cause ( ! obscurity is t ! poet has inv5t$ a p]v]se way ( tell+ ^! ?+s2 he likes to play ar\nd ! outside ( a subject1 approa* x f a doz5 diff]5t angles1 & set y ! task ( piec+ ! ?+ toge!r f h9ts & glimpses4 ,he is an enorm\sly le>n$ p]son1 & has rummag$ 9 a ?\s& old du/-b9s ( hi/ory1 & acquir$ a million details ( names & places & ?+s2 he pays y ! g5]ally q undes]v$ complim5t ( assum+ t y "k all ?is z well z he does4 ,if he wi%es to tell y ab\t "s unkn[n musician 9 ! c\rt ( "s obscure ,r5aissance rul]1 he w beg9 by talk+ ab\t a r+ ?is musician us$ to we>1 & ! fir/ doz5 l9es ( ! poem w dep5d ^u an anci5t ,greek leg5d conc]n+ ! /one t is 9 ! r+4 ,if y don't "k ! leg5d ab\t ! /one 9 ! r+ ( ! musician 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,r5aissance rul]1 :y !n ! op5+ ( ! poem has no mean+ to y1 & ! ,br[n+ ,society might hold a hundr$ sessions on ! subject )\t mak+ head or tail ( x4 ,su* writ+ is simply a bad joke2 x is "o ( ! _m =ms ( leisure-class art p]v]sions4 ,:5 ,br[n+ *ooses to write real poetry1 he c make x j z simple & z melodi\s z ,t5nyson's1 & f> m passionate4 ,he inv5t$ a new & fasc9at+ poetical =m1 ! dramatic lyric1 or dramatic soliloquy4 ,he w take "s /range & complicat$ "*1 :om he has pick$ up 9 ! junk-rooms ( ! pa/1 & let ?is "* />t to talk & reveal himself to y--n m]ely ! ?+s he wants y to "k1 b ! ?+s he is try+ to hide f y1 & :i* he lets slip betwe5 ! l9es4 ,?us we h ,mr4 ,sludge1 ! spirituali/ m$ium1 :o w\ld h conv]t$ ,mrs4 ,br[n+ if ! poet _h n kick$ him out ( ! h\se4 ,?us we h ,bi%op ,bl\gram1 an elegant & ?or\ghly mod]n ,ca?olic prelate1 discuss+ ) an intimate fri5d ov] ! w9e & cig>s ! delicate "q ( h[ he ju/ifies himself = fe$+ base sup]/ition to ! p1 :o want x & c't get along )\t x4 ,br[n+ knew h[ to be direct1 :5 8 feel+s 7 deeply en\gh /irr$4 ,he 0 direct :5 he dealt ) ! old poet ,wordswor? & 8 apo/asy f ! cause ( fre$om4 ,anyone c und]/& ! title1 8,! ,lo/ ,lead]10 & ! op5+ l9es ,j = a h&ful ( silv] he left u1 ,j = a rib& to /ick 9 8 coat4 ,likewise1 :5 ! ,br[n+s w5t to ,italy & took fire at ! /ruggle ( ! ,italian p = fre$om1 ev]ybody und]/ood ! poetry !y wrote home2 ev5 ! ,au/rian police und]/ood x1 = !y op5$ ,br[n+'s mail1 to 8 furi\s indignation4 ,likewise1 :5 ,mrs4 ,br[n+ di$ & "s p]sons propos$ to write h] biography )\t h] husb&'s p]mission1 ! husb& 0 able to make kn[n 8 opposition4 ,he spoke ( 8! paws ( ^! blackgu>ds 9 my b[els10 & said he w\ld 8/op ! scamp's knav]y along ) 8 brea?40 ,= 8 ma/]-"w1 to :i* he devot$ 8 lat] ye>s1 ,br[n+ made a peculi> selection4 ,x 0 a "t :5 democracy 0 break+ into ! _w ( culture1 9 spite ( all ! opposition ( academic au?ority4 ,we %all f9d poets & noveli/s 9 e c\ntry p]si/+ 9 deal+ ) vulg> reality1 in/ead ( ) my?ological demigods & romantic conqu]ors4 ,br[n+ w5t = 8 /ory to an old sc&al pamphlet he pick$ up 9 a second-h& book%op ( ,flor5ce4 ,he might z well h pick$ up a scrap ( a ,he>/ newspap] f ! gutt]1 = x dealt ) a s5sational murd] /ory1 :at is call$ a 8crime ( passion40 ,an eld]ly m]*ant 9 ,rome _h kill$ 8 wife1 & at 8 trial he prov$ t %e _h run away ) a "y prie/4 ,! prie/ ma9ta9$ t ! elopem5t _h be5 a *a/e "o2 he 0 try+ to save ! girl f ! cruelty ( h] husb&4 ,br[n+1 9 tell+ ! /ory1 adopts ! ultra-mod]n device ( ! op5 =um3 all sides %all h a he>+4 ,9 8,! ,r+ & ! ,book0 y read n9e long n>ratives ( ! same ev5ts4 ,y he> ,half ,rome1 :i* sides ) ! husb&2 !n y he> ! ,o!r ,half ,rome1 :i* sides ) ! wife4 ,y he> ! husb&1 ! wife1 ! "y prie/1 ! lawy]s = ea* side1 & ! pope1 r5d]+ judgm5t4 ,:5 y get ?r\gh ) all ?is read+ y h le>n$ sev]al important lessons3 y h le>n$ t life is a complicat$ ?+1 & tru? v difficult to arrive at2 y h le>n$ t good & evil live side by side 9 ! same human he>t2 y h le>n$ to ?9k = y\rself1 & n to believe ev]y?+ y he>2 f9ally1 y h le>n$ t ! mo/ sordid human ev5ts (f] a pot5tial lit]>y ma/]piece--requir+ only a man ( g5ius to p5etrate ! he>ts ( ! p]sons involv$6 ,,*apt] ,,lxxi ,,(ficial ,,pessimism ,9 ?is writ]'s y\?1 :5 he 0 /ruggl+ to e>n a liv+ 9 ,new ,york1 !re 0 "o magaz9e :i* 0 op5 to new ideas1 ! 8,indep5d5t40 ,its lit]>y editor 0 ,paul ,elm] ,m1 & he gave me a *ance to write book reviews = him--& !n1 alas6 decid$ t he c\ld f9d o!r p ^: writ+ he pref]r$4 ,mr4 ,m evolv$ into a critic1 & has publi%$ ,i don't "k h[ _m volumes ( :at he calls ! 8,%elburne ,essays40 ,up to a few ye>s ago1 :5 ,pr(essor ,%]man made 8 appe>ance1 ,i us$ to say t ,m 0 ! "o lit]>y cons]vative 9 ,am]ica :o 0 n intellectually contemptible2 ! "o man :o comb9$ s*ol>%ip ) a p]fectly def9ite & consi/5t po9t ( view1 no s5tim5tality1 & no wat]-tight comp>tm5ts 9 8 bra94 ,9 ! ?ird volume ( ! 8,%elburne ,essays0 ,mr4 ,m has "o deal+ ) ,byron's 8,don ,juan40 ,i smile :5 ,i reflect ) :at contempt ,mr4 ,m w\ld greet ! proposition t he %\ld read a mod]n writ] z slangy1 z lic5ti\s1 & z popul> z ,byron6 ,b 8,don ,juan0 0 writt5 a hundr$ ye>s ago2 s x is a 8classic10 & ,mr4 ,m greets its au?or z ! la/ ( ! great pessimi/s1 "o :o _h ! wit to recognize ! futility ( human life1 & ! c\rage to speak 8 conclusions pla9ly4 ,?+s h *ang$ s9ce ,byron's day1 ,mr4 ,m expla9s4 8,we1 :o h approa*$ ! consummation ( ! _w's hope1 "k t happ9ess & peace & ! fulfilm5t ( desires are ab\t to settle d[n & brood = ev] m ov] ! lot ( mank9d40 ,?is1 ,i _h bett] expla91 is s>casm on ,mr4 ,m's "p4 ,he is irritat$ because mod]n sci5tific p h presum$ to ?9k t human problems c be solv$4 ,he is s mu* irritat$ t he turns 8 essay on ,byron into a s]ies ( sne]s at 8! new disp5sation ( (ficial optimism40 ,= example1 ?is k9d ( ?+3 ,next ye>1 or ! next1 "s div9e inv5tion %all come :i* w prove ?is melan*oly ( ! poets to h be5 only a *ildi% ignorance ( man's sublim] de/9y2 "s discov]y ( a new elem5t m wond]ful ?an radium w r5d] ! anci5t brood+ ov] human feebl5ess a matt] ( laught] & a/oni%m5t2 "s acceptance ( ! l>g] bro!rhood ( ! race w wipe away all te>s & br+ d[n ^u e>? ! fair dream ( heav51 a reality & a possession =ev]2 "s new philosophy ( ! s\l w conv]t ! old poems ( conflict into mean+less fables1 /ale & unpr(itable4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is attitude ( env5om$ res5tm5t at ! idea ( a hope = mank9d8 ,we %all note x aga9 & aga9 among ! poets & critics ( ! anci5t regime--( :at we may call 8! old disp5sation ( (ficial pessimism40 ,x us$ to puzzle me t s*ol>s & ?9k]s %\ld be s malici\s & p]v]t$ z to f9d pleasure 9 trampl+ ^u human aspiration2 b aft] ye>s ( pond]+ ,i ?9k ,i und]/& x4 ,^! g5tlem5 are gue/s at a banquet1 :o1 see+ ! food too long delay$1 & despair+ ( any?+ bett]1 h fill$ _! bellies ) husks & /raw2 & n[1 :5 !y are full1 & c no long] eat1 !y see ! good food com+ to ! table6 ,x 0 a p]fectly natural ?+ = an anci5t to be pessimi/ic4 ,he saw ! _w z a place ( bl9d cruelty1 ! battle-gr\nd ( =ces :i* he did n und]/&2 & :at gu>antee c\ld he h t ! feeble intellect ( man w\ld ev] tame ^! giants8 ,s he made = himself a philosophy ( /]n resignation1 & an art ( beautiful b m\rnful despair4 ,! s*ol>s & lov]s ( old ?+s h id5tifi$ !mselves & _! reputations ) ^! anci5t dignities & r5unciations1 ^! t5d] & t\*+ griefs2 & h[ %all !y express _! irritation :5 bumpti\s y\? arises1 & proce$s to take *>ge ( life1 to aboli% pe/il5ce & fam9e1 pov]ty1 w>1 crime--& p]haps1 9 ! end1 ev5 old age & dea?8 ,all ?is is prelim9>y to ! introduction ( ano!r ,victorian poet2 "o :o mov$ me deeply 9 my y\?1 & /ill holds my undimm$ affection4 ,i w\ld *oose ,mat!w ,arnold z ! p]fect exempl> ( ! 8classical0 attitude t[>d life2 t is1 resignation1 at once pa!tic & h]oic1 to ! pitiful fate ( mank9d on e>?4 ,li/5 to him at 8 be/3 ,ah1 love1 let u be true ,to "o ano!r6 = ! _w1 :i* seems ,to lie be=e u l a l& ( dreams1 ,s v>i\s1 s beautiful1 s new1 ,ha? really nei!r joy1 nor love1 nor light1 ,nor c]titude1 nor peace1 nor help = pa92 ,& we are "h z on a d>kl+ pla9 ,swept ) confus$ al>ms ( /ruggle & flight1 ,:]e ignorant armies cla% by night4 ,! au?or ( ^! l9es 0 ! son ( a great tea*]1 & !re=e _h no money4 ,he sp5t ?irty ye>s ( 8 life z an inspector ( s*ools2 a mo/ pitiful de/9y = a poet--travel+ all ov] ,engl& to he> little *ildr5 recite ! li/ ( ! k+s & ! c\nties1 & tell ! numb] ( legs on a spid]4 ,! f\nta9 ( 8 poetry dri$ up1 & he became a critic1 n m]ely ( ,engli% lett]s b ( ,engli% life2 9 _m ways ! mo/ radical & mo/ intellig5t critic t ,victorian ,engl& _h4 ,he prea*$ ! gospel ( sweetness & light2 also1 alas1 he w5t on ! w>-pa? aga9/ an infam\s bill :i* 0 be+ agitat$ 9 ,p>liam5t1 to p]mit a man to violate ! old ,mosaic code by m>ry+ ! si/] ( 8 deceas$ wife6 ,mat!w ,arnold insi/$ t x wasn't on acc\nt ( ,moses1 b on acc\nt ( a ?+ he call$ 8delicacy40 ,y _c travel 9 ,victorian ,engl& )\t enc\nt]+ ph5om5a l ?is4 ,y w be introduc$ to :at appe>s to y a p]fectly sane & self-conta9$ & cultivat$ g5tleman1 we>+ exactly ! correct frock-coat & tie2 b !n1 y w happ5 to t\* "o ( 8 tribal taboos1 & sudd5ly he w %riek1 & te> (f 8 %irt1 & pull out a %>p knife1 & beg9 to sla% himself1 & dance & :irl 9 a holy fr5zy4 --,ogi1 wi%+ to make sure ab\t ?is po9t1 goes to ! s\rce ( all in=mation on ! subject ( ref9em5t 9 sex matt]s4 8,tell me10 he says1 8if y 7 to die1 w\ld x be indelicate ( me to m>ry "o ( y\r y\ng] si/]s80 ,mrs4 ,ogi1 :o has nev] read ! ,mosaic code1 & is n le>n$ 9 ! ,victorian lunacies1 looks at h] husb& ) a puzzl$ expression4 8,i help$ to raise my si/]s10 %e says4 8,surely any wife w\ld want to leave h] husb& 9 safe h&s60 ,,*apt] ,,lxxii ,,god ,,save ,,! ,,p ,9 ! fir/ half ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury ! ,briti% factory sy/em came to maturity2 ! capitali/ class took *>ge ( society1 & =c$ ! work+ class into a condition ( degradation hi!rto unkn[n ^u ?is planet4 ,! class /ruggle took def9ite %ape--,*>ti/ agitations & suffrage re=m bills & ,corn ,law riots--& !re arose 9 ,engl& a man ( g5ius to tell ab\t ! wrongs ( ! p f 8 own fir/-h& exp]i5ce4 ,8 fa!r 0 a wret*$ly paid gov]nm5t cl]k1 :o _h no acqua9tance ) ! bir? control movem5t4 ,*>les ,dick5s 0 "o ( eight half-/>v$ *ildr51 & w5t to "w at ! age ( t5 9 a fil?y1 ram%ackle black+ factory4 ,! cruelties he !re exp]i5c$ /amp$ 8 s\l = life1 & help$ to make ! radical movem5t ( ! ,engli%-speak+ _w4 ,lat] on he got a *ance to g to s*ool1 & became a c\rt /5ograph] & newspap] report]1 & saw ! insides ( rul+-class rascality4 ,he began writ+ humor\s sket*es :i* turn$ into ! 8,pickwick ,pap]s10 & s at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r he 0 c>ri$ up into a gold5 cl\d ( glory4 ,_w fame & success 7 8 = ! balance ( 8 life2 b he nev] entirely =got ! mean+ ( 8 e>ly days1 & rema9$ to "s ext5t an apo/le ( ! poor & oppress$4 ,:5 ,i say t ,dick5s is radical propag&a1 ,i d n mean m]ely t he wrote novel aft] novel expos+ ! abuses ( 8 "t1 ! cruelties ( ! poor laws1 ! horrors ( ! debtors' prisons1 ! delays & corruptions ( ! c\rts1 ! knav]ies & imbecilities ( politics4 ,i d n mean m]ely t he hat$ by in/9ct & ridicul$ all ?r\gh 8 life1 lawy]s & judges & newspap] editors & prea*]s & prie/s ( capitali/ prosp]ity4 ,i mean some?+ m deep & m fundam5tal ?an t3 ,i mean t ! v selection ( 8 !mes & ( 8 *>act]s1 ! :ole environm5t & atmosph]e ( 8 novels1 is a piece ( propag&a4 ,= ,dick5s proce$s to =ce into ! ari/ocratic & exclusive realms ( art ! revolution>y notion t ! poor & degrad$ are equally z int]e/+ z ! ri* & respectable4 ,we are invit$1 n m]ely to laugh at ! antics ( illit]ate & unref9$ p1 z 9 ,%akespe>e2 we are invit$ to ent] into _! he>ts & m9ds1 to put ourselves 9 _! place & actually live _! exp]i5ces4 ,z rew>d = s do+1 we are (f]$ treasures ( laught] & te>s & ?rills4 ,i don't "k h[ x is n[adays1 b 9 my boyhood1 :i* 0 "s tw5ty ye>s aft] ,dick5s' dea?1 ev]ybody read him--my ri* relatives1 :o read no?+ else1 & my poor relatives1 brok5-d[n ,s\!rn ari/ocrats1 :o read no?+ else except ! life ( ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee4 ,& !n 9 ,new ,york1 ! p ,i met 9 bo>d+-h\ses & ?ird-rate lodg+s--all %udd]$ ov] ,bill ,sykes & wept ov] ,paul ,dombey & laugh$ ov] ,mr4 ,pickwick & ,sam ,well]4 ,dick5s 01 & rema9$ to ! end1 f ! po9t ( view ( leisure-class culture1 a q vulg> p]son4 ,he took a naive delight 9 8 worldly triumphs1 & c\nt$ ! success ( 8 books by sales & money4 ,he 0 a born actor1 & lov$ to %9e be=e ! public2 devis+ dramatic read+s ( 8 works1 & tak+ endless t\rs1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 ga!r+ great sums ( money--?\gh ( c\rse n to be comp>$ ) ! mov+ picture =tunes ( our day4 ,x 0 a "t :5 audi5ces lik$ to %$ te>s out l\d1 & ,dick5s lik$ to jo9 !m2 he has all ! tremolo /ops 9 8 organ1 & piles on s5tim5t until we %udd]4 ,fa/idi\s & lit]>y p]sons h n[ made x fa%ionable to decl>e t ,dick5s is unreadable2 b ! p h read him1 & 8 s5tim5t z well z 8 humor are a "p ( our racial h]itage1 & "o ( ! f\nta9-heads ( ! ,sociali/ movem5t4 ,8 books are a five million ^w reit]ation ( ! old ,*>ti/ hymn-- ,:5 wilt ?\ save ! p8 ,o ,god ( m]cy6 :58 ,n k+s & lords1 b nations6 ,n ?rones & cr[ns1 b m56 ,dick5s himself 0 entirely in/9ctive 9 8 class feel+s2 8 m9d 0 a typical middle-class muddle1 & 8 rem$y = ! ills he pictur$ 0 k9dness & poor law re=m & *>ity baza>s--hang+ pap] g>l&s ab\t ! neck ( ! tig] ( capitalism4 ,! ,briti% masses ne$$ "t 9 :i* to f9d out h[ to b9d & de/roy ?is bea/2 b ! fir/ s]vice 0 to proclaim ! fact t ?is capitali/ _w is a _w impossible = s5sitive & dec5t human be+s to endure--a _w 9 :i* ju/ice has become ! ,circumlocution ,(fice1 & tru? has become ,?omas ,gradgr9d1 & ,*ri/ianity has become ,mr4 ,pecksniff & ,uriah ,heep4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxiii ,,! ,,collector ,,( ,,snobs ,em]son1 comm5t+ ^u ! old say+ t 8,no man is a h]o to 8 valet10 put ! "q3 8,:at h]o ev] _h a valet80 ,?is goes to prove t ,em]son 0 n a read] ( popul> fiction2 = if he _h be5 foll[+ ! novels ( ,william ,makepeace ,?ack]ay 9 8,fras]'s ,magaz9e10 he w\ld h kn[n t x is impossible = any h]o to be )\t a valet4 ,9 ,dick5s we ent] into ! lives ( ! poor1 & 9 ,?ack]ay we ent] into ! lives ( ! ri*1 & x is h>d = u to decide :i* class has ! great] claim to our pity4 ,?ack]ay 0 bom 9 ,india1 8 fa!r be+ a gov]nm5t (ficial4 ,!y tri$ to educate him at ,cambridge1 b x didn't take1 because he 0 incorrigibly desultory1 a big1 good-natur$ fell[ :o lov$ eat+ & dr9k+ & gambl+ & good fell[%ip--ev]y?+1 9 %ort1 b h>d "w4 ,he e>ly lo/ 8 =tune1 try+ to publi% a pap]2 !n he _h to "w1 & became a contributor to 8,pun*10 & develop$ a faculty = burlesque v]ses & satiric sket*es4 ,9 my y\? !re 0 g5]al compla9t t ,?ack]ay 0 8a cynic40 ,let u settle t "q at ! outset2 he 0 "o ( ! mo/ s5tim5tal s\ls t ev] walk$ ab\t ! _w 9 tr\s]s4 ,b he _h a pair ( eyes1 & he saw 9 ! fa%ionable society ar\nd him a hundr$ diff]5t v>ieties ( snobs2 he collect$ !m into a 8,book ( ,snobs0--ea* "o l a butt]fly /uck on a p94 ,he w5t on to write a s]ies ( novels1 full ( scold+s v>i$ by ridicule ( human vanity & folly4 ,8 fir/ great "w rema9s entirely neglect$ by ! critics4 8,b>ry ,lyndon0 is a m>vel\s piece ( su/a9$ irony1 ! /ory ( a capable sc\ndrel1 :o makes 8 way 9 ! great _w by be+ j a little %>p] ?an ! p he meets1 & a little m hone/ ) himself4 ,y recall h[ ,milton1 a dev\t & or?odox ,puritan1 c\ld n refra9 f mak+ ,satan h]oic1 because ,satan 0 a rebel & ,milton 0 ano!r4 ,we notice ! same ph5om5on 9 ?is case ( ,b>ry ,lyndon1 :o does e k9d ( rascal ?+2 yet ! fact rema9s1 he is liv+ by 8 wits1 he is surviv+ 9 a _w ( privilege & p[]1 & ,?ack]ay is secretly ?rill$ by him4 ,t d\btless acc\nts = ! unpopul>ity ( ! /ory2 = ! av]age novel read] likes to h 8 villa9s label$1 & n to mix 8 blacks & 8 :ites4 ,! in/9ctive rebel 9 ,?ack]ay %[s himself /ill m pla9ly 9 8,vanity ,fair40 ,?is "t ! villa9 is ,becky ,%>p1 an utt]ly he>tless intrigu]1 sell+ h] sex = money & p[]4 ,nev]!less1 %e is a woman 8on h] own10 a little tig]-cat back$ into a corn]1 ) all ! _w pok+ /icks at h]2 %e fights back1 & gets ! be/ ( h] enemies1 & ,?ack]ay _c help mak+ h] ! mo/ int]e/+ figure 9 ! book4 ,z a respectable ,victorian s5tim5tali/1 he did 8 be/ to provide u ) a foil = ,becky1 giv+ u ,amelia ,s$ley1 ! p]fect1 submissive1 ador+ female4 ,! daught] ( a weal?y m]*ant1 ,amelia has nev] _h a mom5t's discom=t 9 h] life4 ,%e is a model ( ! ,victorian virtues2 %e honors & s]ves ! male memb]s ( h] family1 no matt] h[ selfi% & wor?less !y may be4 ,%e has ! bra9s ( a m$ium-siz$ rabbit1 & aft] we h got to "k h]1 we und]/& :y ,victorian g5tlem5 s\ght refuge 9 int]e/+ mi/resses4 ,x has be5 said t 9 ,?ack]ay's novels all ! good p are fools & all ! evil p are clev]4 ,beatrix ,esmond1 ! "o woman :o rivals ,becky ,%>p 9 int]e/1 is a cold1 pr\d beauty1 )\t ev5 ,becky's excuse ( pov]ty2 %e s*emes to m>ry a duke1 & :5 he is kill$ 9 a duel1 %e seeks to become ! mi/ress ( a pr9ce1 & ends ignom9\sly z ! wife ( a tutor & ! wid[ ( a bi%op4 ,! ,anti-,sociali/ ,union ( ,great ,brita91 :i* exi/s to fight ! 8,r$s10 %\ld beg9 its labors by exclud+ f all libr>ies ^! deva/at+ pictures ( ! mann]s & morals ( ! rul+ classes4 ,i d n mean by ?is t ,?ack]ay 0 consci\sly a ,sociali/2 q ! contr>y4 ,z a memb] ( ! rul+ classes1 he pleads ) !m to be wor?y ( _! high & agreeable de/9y4 ,h[ completely he believ$ 9 ! 8g5tleman0 y c see by ! treatm5t he gives to 8 h]o1 ,p5d5nis1 a p]fectly wor?less "y idl]1 & to ,major ,p5d5nis1 a cynical & deprav$ old rascal4 ,?ack]ay condones ! =m] & loves & pities ! latt]1 & expects u to weep ov] ! clos+ picture ( ! old m>t9et1 hav+ lo/ 8 =tune1 oblig$ to dwell 9 a *>ity home ) o!r indig5t p>asites4 ,i speak = "o read]1 :o c\ld h borne ) entire equanimity to see ! major at "w on ! rock-pile1 accompani$ by all ! o!r idle clubm5 ( ,london4 ,?ack]ay 9 8 writ+s rebell$ aga9/ "s conv5tions ( 8 _w1 b 9 8 e-day life he 0 z helpless z ,amelia ,s$ley4 ,8 wife became insane1 s he fell victim ( t sup]/ition :i* condemns ! innoc5t p>tn] 9 su* a m>riage to life-long celibacy4 ,?ack]ay1 endur+ ?is infliction1 seem$ h]oic to 8 fri5ds1 & pitiful to u4 ,he left x to a woman noveli/1 ,george ,eliot1 to set ! prec$5t ( defiance to ?is especially idiotic tribal taboo4 ,george ,eliot lov$ ,george ,h5ry ,lewes1 :o _h an insane wife1 & %e w5t & liv$ ) ,lewes = tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 until 8 dea?1 & told all ! _w ab\t x4 ,?us we h "o pleasant detail to record conc]n+ ,victorian ,engl&4 ,9 8 e>ly days ,?ack]ay _h liv$ poorly1 because he _h to2 b lat] he acquir$ a ta/e = exp5sive food1 & especially dr9k1 & !reby ru9$ 8 heal? & di$ at ! age ( fifty-two4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 dev\tly conceal$ by 8 daught]s1 & expla9s ! fact t no biography 0 publi%$4 ,l o!r conv5tional g5tlem51 he felt b\nd to provide incomes = ^! daught]s1 s he wa/$ 8 "t try+ to get "s gov]nm5t s9ecure1 fir/ 9 ! po/ (fice1 & !n 9 ! diplomatic s]vice--! v k9d ( ?+ he expos$ 9 8 /ories4 ,he took to lectur+1 foll[+ 9 ! foot-/eps ( ,dick5s1 b n enjoy+ ! "w1 because he _h no?+ ( ! %[man 9 him1 b on ! contr>y ! ,engli% g5tleman's int5se res]ve4 ,all ?is is :at is call$ 8gossip10 & is suppos$ to h no?+ to d ) ! works ( a great writ]4 ,i record my belief1 t ! "* & life exp]i5ces ( an arti/ make 8 works ( art1 9 ! same way t a mold makes ! image out ( ! liquid metal4 ,! quicke/ r\te to ! und]/&+ ( any noveli/ or poet is to "k ^! p]sonal details ab\t him2 & above all1 8 relation%ip to ^? :o paid him ! money :i* kept him alive f day to day4 ,:e!r he con=ms1 or :e!r he rebels1 ^! money-=ces condition a man's life4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxiv ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,capitali/ indu/rialism may be indict$ on economic gr\nds because x is wa/eful1 & on moral gr\nds because x is di%one/2 also x may be indict$ ^u e/hetic gr\nds because x is ugly4 ,! arti/ic temp]am5t objects to x = ?is la/ reason1 & !re 7 "s among ! arti/s :o set out to make w> ^u x4 ,john ,rusk9 0 ! son ( a weal?y ,engli% w9e m]*ant2 he devot$ himself to ! /udy ( art1 & s\ght to c>ry x back to ! simple /&>ds ( ! ,*ri/ian primitives4 ,he became a lectur] & tea*]1 & f\nd$ a college = ! sons ( work+m5 at ,ox=d4 ,we f9d him lead+ gr\ps ( ,briti% univ]sity /ud5ts out to d manual labor ^u ! roads--a pa!tic ef=t to be useful & hone/ 9 a _w ( *eat+ & exploit+4 ,9 ! end ,rusk9 w5t out ( 8 m9d1 z a result ( brood+ ov] ! ugl9ess & cruelty ( 8 c\ntry's indu/rial sy/em4 ,among 8 disciples 0 "o :o is entitl$ to a place 9 ^! pages1 because he 0 a work+ arti/ :o /rove to create beauty ^u a s\nd social basis2 also because he 0 a ,sociali/ :o tri$ to tea* ! pr9ciples ( bro!rhood & solid>ity to a _w ( individuali/ & capitali/ art4 ,william ,morris 0 born 9 #ahcd2 8 p>5ts 7 weal?y & he inh]it$ a com=table income4 ,8 "m design$ him = a bi%op1 b he soon outgrew t c>e]4 ,he p>t$ ) 8 ,*ri/ian fai? on ! intellectual side1 b he /ill kept its emotions2 he 0 a passionate lov] ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ( ! ,go?ic _s 9 art4 ,he manag$ to p]suade himself t ! ,middle ,ages _h be5 happy1 & t ! craftsm5 9 ^? days _h be5 free to make :at !y lov$ )\t ref]5ce to ! pr(it motive4 ,s all 8 life he ye>n$ back to ^? good old days1 & made !m a /&>d by :i* to judge ev]y?+ bad 9 8 own "t4 ,he 0 a simple1 :ole-s\l$ fell[1 :o lov$ to d ?+s ) 8 h&s1 & possess$ extraord9>y aptitude = all ! arts2 he le>n$ to pa9t & to c>ve & to decorate1 & to d e k9d ( h& labor t conta9$ any slighte/ elem5t ( arti/ry4 ,he look$ out ^u mod]n indu/rialism & saw :olesale1 *eap production ( ugly & commonplace & unsub/antial goods4 ,he hat$ x ) 8 :ole s\l1 & attribut$ all ! moral evils ( ! "t to ! fact t ! work]s _h lo/ _! love = _! job & _! pride 9 craftsman%ip4 ,he want$ a home to live 91 & because no ar*itect knew h[ to design a beautiful home1 ,morris became 8 own ar*itect2 because he c\ld n buy any beautiful furniture1 he design$ 8 own furniture & _h a c>p5t] make x4 ,out ( ?is came ! e/abli%m5t ( a firm to d su* labor1 & s grew ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t4 ,t br\ght ,morris into t\* ) work+m51 a v dang]\s ?+2 because "u our pres5t social sy/em x is bett] = a g5tleman to /ay 9 8 own class1 & n f9d out :at is happ5+ to ! work]s4 ,morris 0 drawn into politics--beg9n+1 curi\sly en\gh1 ) an ef=t to save old *ur*es & o!r build+s f be+ 8re/or$0 accord+ to mod]n ta/e4 ,be=e long we f9d him evolv$ into "o ( ! lead+ ,victorian rebels1 a f\nd] ( ! ,social-,democratic ,f$]ation1 speak+ aft]noons & ev5+s at soap-box meet+s4 ,! critics lam5t$ ?is1 j z !y lam5t$ ! political c>e] ( ,john ,milton3 x seem$ su* a wa/e ( "t = a great poet & arti/4 ,b x 0 all a "p ( ,william ,morris's life2 if he _h n be5 ! k9d ( man he 01 he c\ld n h produc$ ! k9d ( art he did4 ,9 betwe5 all 8 o!r labors he wrote poetry2 x fl[$ out ( him freely1 wond] tales ( all sorts1 hav+ to d ) ^? old times :i* he lov$1 & ! beautiful ?+s :i* he imag9$ happ5+ !re4 ,x is v good n>rative v]se1 & all "y p ought to read 8,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise02 also !y ought to read 8,! ,dream ( ,john ,ball10 & le>n :at happ5$ to ! social rebels 9 ! old days4 ,morris's mo/ popul> piece ( prose writ+ is 8,news f ,n[h]e40 ,he _h read ,bellamy's ,utopia1 8,look+ ,backw>d10 & he did n l x1 because ,bellamy 0 an ,am]ican1 & _h organiz$ & sy/ematiz$ ! _w4 ,nobody 0 go+ to organize & sy/ematize ,william ,morris2 he set ab\t to make 8 own ,utopia1 9 :i* ev]y?+ is placid & commonplace1 heal?y z ! animals are heal?y--b also abom9ably dull4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,y are discuss+ "o ( ! classics ( y\r movem5t1 & y "k :at ! critics all say3 ! ,sociali/s ought to beg9 by agree+ on :at !y want40 8,i "k10 says ,ogi1 8& ,i'm sorry to disappo9t !m4 ,b !re are _m diff]5t k9ds ( p 9 ! _w1 & "s ( ea* k9d 9 our movem5t4 ,i am a ,sociali/ :o believes 9 ma*9]y1 & has no int]e/ 9 any _w t does n develop ma*9e p[] to ! greate/ possible ext5t4 ,we are l p travel+ ?r\gh a tunnel2 x is d>k & smoky1 & "s want to turn back1 b ,i want to g ?r\gh to ! o!r end40 8,morris & ,rusk9 said ! o!r end 0 9 hell40 8,yes1 b ,i ?9k _! eyes 7 bl9d$ by ! smoke4 ,:at is wrong is n ) ma*9]y1 b ) ! private own]%ip ( ma*9]y4 ,!re is no reason :y ma*9es %\ld n make beautiful & sub/antial ?+s1 in/ead ( mak+ ugly & di%one/ ?+s--except ! fact t ma*9es are own$ by p :o h no int]e/ except to make a pr(it out ( ! product4 ,a ?+ is n less beautiful because !re are millions ( o!r ?+s exactly l x 9 ! _w4 ,t is j a snobbi% notion1 & ,morris %\ld h le>n$ ! lesson f any field ( daisies40 ,"h is ,%]wood ,&]son tell+ ! /ory ( 8 life4 ,he is "o ,am]ican :o does n l ma*9]y1 & he has good reason2 he has work$ 9 factories1 & he kn[s4 ,he agrees ) ,morris t ! monotony ( ! ma*9e de/roys ! initiative & !re=e ! morals ( ! work]s2 !y _c create1 & s !y tell smutty /ories4 ,b y note t ,&]son is n a ,sociali/1 & has n ! vision ( :at a factory might be if x 7 democratically own$ & manag$ by ! work]s4 ,! work]s w !n be v pr\d ( _! beautiful ma*9es1 !y w le>n to und]/& & t5d !m all1 & adm9i/] ! politics ( ! great indu/ry ( :i* ! ma*9es are a "p4 ,! individual work] w travel f ! factories to ! h>ve/ fields & back1 z _m v>ieties ( labor z he fancies4 ,& anyh[ he won't h to "w b ?ree or f\r h\rs a day1 & ! re/ ( ! "t he c develop 8 faculties by mak+ v]ses1 or play+ music1 or /ag+ dramas1 or baseball games1 or :atev] he pleases4 ,& e ye> ! ma*9es w become m automatic1 until "s day ! only labor ( man w consi/ ( press+ a few buttons e morn+4 ,:e!r y l t or n dep5ds entirely ^u :e!r or n y h develop$ y\r bra9s1 & want to develop !m /ill fur!r4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxv ,,see+ ,,am]ica ,,fir/ ,! _s ( ,john ,milton & ,john ,bunyan cross$ ! ,atlantic ,ocean & settl$ 9 ,massa*usetts1 & ! _s ( _! enemies cross$ ! ,atlantic ,ocean & settl$ 9 ,virg9ia4 ,!y made two civilizations1 & ^! civilizations f\ght a civil w> 9 ! new _w1 j z !y _h done 9 ! old4 ,= ! fir/ two hundr$ ye>s ! coloni/s 7 busy kill+ ,indians & cle>+ ! wild]ness1 s !y _h little "t = art4 ,!y _h to break _! ties ) ! old c\ntry2 & j z we saw ,voltaire f9d+ x easi] to rebel 9 religion & politics ?an 9 ! field ( culture1 s 9 ,am]ica we %all f9d t ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 sign$ a long "t be=e any arti/ 0 bold en\gh to revolt f ,briti% /&>ds ( ta/e4 ,! fir/ ,am]ican writ]s 7 conc]n$ to h&le ,am]ican !mes z !y imag9$ ,addison & ,/eele & ,burke & ,dryd5 w\ld h done4 ,! fir/ writ] to escape ?is ,briti% tradition did s1 n by mak+ an ,am]ican tradition1 b by asc5d+ into ! univ]sal & transc5d5tal4 ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son read ,goe! & ,sw$5borg & ,plato & ! ,h9dus1 & became a ,yankee my/ic & democratic sa9t4 ,he 0 ! son ( a ,unit>ian cl]gyman1 & foll[$ 9 8 fa!r's foot/eps4 ,b e>ly 9 life he realiz$ t he no long] believ$ ! special doctr9es :i* gave mean+ to ! communion s]vice1 s he /ood up 9 8 *ur*1 & v quietly & simply told ab\t 8 new convictions1 & w5t out into ! _w to e>n 8 liv+ z an indep5d5t lectur]4 ,puritanism 0 n[ two hundr$ ye>s anci5t1 b ! temp] ( x /ill surviv$ 9 ,new ,engl&2 t is1 p 7 pa9fully anxi\s to d "r1 & look$ up to tea*]s :o _h /udi$ su* problems4 ,!y 7 will+ to ga!r 9 meet+ places1 & be advis$ :at !y %\ld d1 & to pay a mode/ /ip5d to ! advis]4 ,s ?is "y rebel 0 able to e>n ! simple liv+ :i* suffic$ ev]yone 9 ,concord 9 ^? days4 ,he /udi$ ! _w's be/ lit]ature 9 sev]al languages1 he ?\ght e>ne/ly & wrote hone/ly1 & 0 a model ( dignity1 k9dness1 & wisdom4 ,8 mo/ popul> lectures are kn[n to u z 8,em]son's ,essays40 ,i read !m 9 y\?1 & owe to !m a tribute ( gratitude4 ,fir/ ( all1 !y tea* self-reliance1 ! mo/ fundam5tal ( ! pione] virtues4 ,x 0 by self-reliant m5 t ,new ,engl& 0 made2 & 9 ?is atmosph]e ( extreme individualism1 x 0 impossible = a philosoph] to value ! equally fundam5tal virtue ( solid>ity4 ,em]son has no conception ( a co-op]ative _w1 & believes t he has done 8 duty to 8 fell[s by c\rtesy & ! speak+ ( ! tru?4 ,! essays are =mless1 consi/+ ( scatt]$ p>agraphs & r&om reflections4 ,!y are n always easy to int]pret1 because !y so> into regions ( ! absolute1 :]e e /atem5t is equally z untrue z x is true4 ,! be>+s dep5d ^u ! application2 s t we h to "k ,em]son's :ole ?\ght1 & 8 life4 ,apply+ ! highe/ te/s1 we f9d 8 doctr9e a little ?9 & 8 example a little tame4 ,he liv$ ?r\gh /]n times1 & :ile 8 voice 0 always on ! "r side1 we feel t he might h be5 m prompt & m vigor\s4 ,8 optimism is beautiful1 b a trifle lack+ 9 cont5t4 ,we want a man to put m reality into 8 writ+s1 to %[ u h[ to deal ) ! grim & hateful facts ( life4 ,em]son makes a cryptic /atem5t-- ,i am own] ( ! sph]e1 ,( ! sev5 />s & ! sol> ye>1 ,( ,caes>'s h&1 & ,plato's bra91 ,( ,"l ,*ri/'s he>t1 & ,%akespe>e's /ra94 ,we say3 yes1 p]haps2 b mo/ ( u f9d x difficult to get ! ,%akespe>e /ra9 to come out ( u4 ,likewise1 we d n "k q h[ to reconcile ,"l ,*ri/ ) ,caes>2 nor c we always get ,"l ,*ri/ to agree ) ,%akespe>e--wat* ! sc(f+ ?is book w cause among ! critics6 ,y see h[ ^! my/ic utt]ances are liable to be misund]/ood2 & h[ x 0 possible = ! transc5d5tali/ movem5t1 :i* produc$ ,em]son1 to produce also ! horrors ( 8,sci5ce & ,heal? ) ,key to ! ,scriptures40 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,em]son deals ) ju/ice & lib]ty 9 ,new ,engl& he c deliv] z heavy a pun* z ,byron3 = example1 8 8,bo/on ,hymn10 discuss+ ! "q ( comp5sation = ! enfran*is$ slaves-- ,pay ransom to ! own]1 ,& fill ! bag to ! brim4 ,:o is ! own]8 ,! slave is own]1 ,& ev] 04 ,pay him4 ,i h discuss$ ^! l9es 9 8,! ,book ( ,life10 & sugge/$ h[ mu* *eap] x w\ld h be5 to pay ! own]s ?an to fight ! ,civil ,w>4 ,i ov]look$ ! fact t ?is 8,bo/on ,hymn0 0 writt5 aft] ! ,civil ,w> 0 on4 ,em]son1 comb9+ ,yankee economy ) wise humanity1 _h all along be5 advocat+ ! s5sible c\rse ( free+ ! slaves by pur*ase4 ,we ?9k ( ?is ,concord sage z a philosoph]1 & less (t5 z a poet4 ,b he 0 a great poet2 at 8 be/ he is among ! immortals4 ,n only is !re wisdom & moral beauty 9 8 v]se2 !re is love ( nature1 & !re is passion4 ,p sometimes di$ "y 9 ,concord1 j z !y did 9 old ,engl& & 9 ,greece1 & poets p\r$ _! sorr[ into song4 ,em]son's 8,?r5ody10 writt5 ^u ! dea? ( 8 five-ye>-old son1 is lack+ 9 all ! classical p>aph]nalia ( ,milton's 8,lycidas10 b x is full ( su* beauty & f]vor z are native to our c\ntry1 & ,i see no reason :y we ,am]icans %\ld devote all our "t to ! wor%ip ( =eign gods4 ,if our colleges mu/ tea* ! classics1 to ! exclusion ( mod]n "w1 let !m at lea/ tea* our native classics1 :i* are easi] = u to und]/&4 ,i propose a motto = our y\?3 ,see ,em]son fir/6 ,,*apt] ,,lxxvi ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,innoc5ce ,am]ica at ?is "t 0 an ov]gr[n y\?ful body1 ill-suppli$ ) m9d2 & a few ard5t believ]s 9 culture set out to fill ?is ne$4 ,h5ry ,wadswor? ,longfell[ 0 a /ud5t at ,b[do9 ,college1 & ! faculty decid$ t ,c]vantes & ,dante & ,goe! & ,moli]e & ,hugo ought to be m ?an names to ! ,am]ican p2 somebody ought to /udy ^! languages & lit]atures1 & pass !m on4 ,!y gave ,longfell[ a travel+ s*ol>%ip = ?ree ye>s1 & he w5t abroad & collect$ ?+s romantic & beautiful & innoc5t 9 ,spa9 & ,italy & ,g]many & ,france1 & came home & sp5t ! next tw5ty or ?irty ye>s 9 tea*+ !m1 fir/ at ,b[do9 & !n at ,h>v>d4 ,he translat$ poetry1 & also wrote poetry ( 8 own1 v mu* resembl+ ! translations4 ,at ! age ( =ty-sev5 he became a poet exclusively1 & liv$ to be a sev5ty-five-ye>-old boy1 j z romantic & beautiful & innoc5t z :5 he _h fir/ gone out to ga!r n\ri%m5t = ! hungry "y s\l ( ,am]ica4 ,longfell[ 0 a morali/1 & x 0 8 purpose to draw useful conclusions 9 8 poetry4 ,he w\ld />t by look+ at ! planet ,m>s1 & end by prov+ t human be+s mu/ be brave & self-reliant3 n t !re is any?+ remotely sugge/+ su* qualities 9 a 8r$ planet10 b because ?is planet happ5s to be nam$ aft] ! ,god ( w>4 ,he w\ld look at a %ip on ! /ocks1 & draw conclusions ab\t ! gov]nm5t ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he w\ld look at ! village blacksmi?1 & ?ank him = a lesson 9 dilig5ce & sobriety4 ,t k9d ( poetry has n[ gone out ( fa%ion4 ,! "y intellectuals ( ,am]ica are no long] romantic & beautiful & innoc5t1 & !y say t ,longfell[ is propag&a4 ,b y "k my !sis by n[--!irs is j z mu* propag&a1 only x is on ! o!r side4 ,:at ,longfell[ call$ art is incitem5t t[>ds dilig5ce & sobriety1 :ile :at our "y sophi/icates call art is incitem5t t[>d go+ to hell 9 a hurry4 ,any?+ t pictures ! delights ( ! s5ses & ! breakd[n ( ! w is art2 b poor ,longfell[1 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t1 _h ! mis=tune to exclaim t ,life is real6 ,life is e>ne/6 ,& ! grave is n its goal4 ,^! two l9es h be5 en\gh to damn him 9 ! eyes ( a :ole g5]ation ( cot]ie-litt]ateurs4 ,turn+ ! pages ( ! art :i* ,longfell[ br\ght back f ,europe1 !re fla%es to m9d a memory ( ! days :5 ,i also travel$ 9 ,europe1 collect+ culture4 ,x 0 9 ,naples1 a s(t moonlit ev5+ 9 e>ly spr+1 & ,i /ood be=e a great /atue1 not+ its dim outl9es4 ,a figure slipp$ up beside me1 & a s(t voice began to :isp]1 (f]+ to take me to a place :]e !re 7 beautiful boys3 8beautiful1 sweet ,neapolitan boys10 ,i rememb] ! phrase4 ,i wond] :at ! travel+ ideali/ f ,b[do9 ,college w\ld h made ( su* a :isp] 9 ! moonlight6 ,t 0 a doz5 ye>s ago1 & we 9 ,am]ica h le>n$ some?+ ab\t ,europe s9ce !n4 ,i am ! la/ p]son 9 ! _w :o w\ld desire a return to ! age ( innoc5ce1 or advocate1 ev5 = ! "y1 ! bl9k+ ( grim & hide\s facts4 ,b ?is ,i d believe3 a "t w come1 & n s f> 9 ! future1 :5 ,am]ican y\? w react f ! hip-pocket flask & pett+-p>ty /age ( culture4 ,) full k ( vice & disease1 x w *oose virtue & heal?1 because ^! are ! truly int]e/+ & wor? :ile ?+s1 & ! truly great !mes ( art4 ,p5d+ ! arrival ( su* a "t1 ,i record my notion1 t poetry does n cease to be great because x is declaim$ by a million s*oolboys4 8,to be or n to be10 & 8,fri5ds1 ,romans1 c\ntrym510 are great poetry1 ev5 ?\gh we p]sonally are tir$ ( !m4 ,if x be p]mitt$ to tell a /ory 9 v]se1 !n assur$ly 8,! ,wreck ( ! ,hesp]us0 is a tragic /ory told 9 vivid & /irr+ language4 ,i say t anyone :o does n "k ?is = a great ballad simply does n "k :at a ballad is4 ,y may sp5d y\r "t digg+ 9 ,p]cy's 8,reliques0 & o!r old volumes1 & f9d ?+s less easy to read1 b no?+ m wor? read+4 ,i g f>!r & admit t :5 ,i 0 "y ,i f\nd delight 9 8,paul ,rev]e's ,ride0 & 8,hiawa?a0 & 8,evangel9e10 & ,i don't believe t k9d ( "y p]son is yet entirely ext9ct 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxvii ,a ,,sn[-,,b\nd ,,sa9t ,! ,puritans1 hav+ be5 driv5 f ,engl& by religi\s p]secution1 set to "w 9 _! ,new ,engl& to p]secute o!rs4 ,among _! victims 0 a ,massa*usetts ,quak] by ! "n ( ,:itti]1 :o 0 depriv$ ( ! fran*ise = d>+ to petition ! t[n c\ncil = lib]ty to prea*4 ,undaunt$ by ! puni%m5t1 ?is pione] rais$ a family ( t5 /alw>t *ildr5 9 ! ,quak] fai?1 & became ! great-great-gr&fa!r ( a ,quak] poet1 :o has receiv$ b scant appreciation f ! lit]>y critics ( 8 c\ntry4 ,john ,gre5leaf ,:itti] 0 born 9 #ahjg1 "o ( a l>ge family1 & grew up to toil ^u a rocky f>m4 ,he got 8 education 9 a c\ntry s*ool1 & 8 fir/ glimpse ( poetry f a w&]+ ,scot*man :o sp5t a night at ! f>m-h\se1 & :o sang ! songs ( ,rob]t ,burns4 ,! frail & s5sitive lad :o sat & li/5$ enraptur$ 0 to gr[ up to be ! ,burns ( ,new ,engl&2 a sa9tly ,burns1 hav+ ! ,scot* poet's en]gy & rebelli\s ardor1 b n 8 de/roy+ vices4 ,indep5d5ce1 h>d "w1 & religion 7 ! ?ree factors 9 ,:itti]'s environm5t4 ,he want$ to g to an academy to cont9ue 8 education1 b !re 0 no money1 s he e>n$ x by "w z a cobbl]4 ,y rememb] ! sne] ( ! ,tory critic--8,back to y\r gallipots1 ,mr4 ,keats02 & "h we f9d a critic satiriz+ our ,quak] poet3 8! wax /ill /ick+ to 8 f+]s' ends40 ,y rememb] h[ ,keats fell 9 love ) an elegant "y lady2 ,:itti] became a c\ntry editor & presum$ to aspire to ! daught] ( a local judge1 & 0 spurn$1 & w5t back home1 ill1 pov]ty-/rick5 & humiliat$4 ,b he cont9u$ to /udy & write v]ses1 & f\nd ano!r job z editor1 & a prospect ( success 9 politics4 ,!n came ! crisis 9 8 life2 ! anti-slav]y movem5t 0 mak+ its fir/ feeble beg9n+s 9 ,new ,engl&1 & ,:itti] became ! fri5d ( ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 & sp5t sleepless nights wre/l+ ) ! angel ( duty4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-sev5 he made ! *oice2 he ?rew away 8 c>e]1 & sp5t 8 h>d-won sav+s to pr9t & s5d out five hundr$ copies ( an address 9 opposition to *attel slav]y4 ,we :o 9 ^! days are d>+ to *all5ge wage slav]y1 & are witness+ mobb+s & jail+s & tortur+ = ! cause1 mu/ n =get t back 9 ! #ahcj's ?is g5tle ,quak] poet 0 /on$ & ne>ly lyn*$ 9 ,massa*usetts1 & mobb$ aga9 & _h 8 (fice burn$ ab\t 8 head 9 ,philadelphia4 ,he suff]$ f ill heal? all 8 life1 yet he nev] gave up ! cause4 ,he suff]$ f pov]ty2 hav+ a "m & si/]s dep5d5t ^u him1 he 0 too poor ev] to m>ry4 ,he cont9u$ to edit pap]s1 he wrote & spoke aga9/ slav]y1 & compos$ v]ses :i* 7 tak5 up & recopi$ by con/antly increas+ numb]s ( newspap]s4 ,_m ( ^! v]ses are n[ f\nd 9 8 collect$ works1 & "o :o reads !m is surpris$ by _! uni=mly high quality1 n m]ely ! f]vor & en]gy1 b ! beauty ( expression & ! treasures ( imag9ation :i* ?is self-taught c\ntry boy p\r$ into 8 propag&a4 ,y recall ,br[n+'s rebuke to ! old poet ,wordswor?1 8,! ,lo/ ,lead]40 ,"h is ,:itti]'s 8,i*abod10 rebuk+ ,daniel ,web/] = 8 apo/asy to ! cause ( fre$om-- ,all else is gone1 f ^? great eyes ,! s\l has fl$3 ,:5 fai? is lo/1 :5 honor dies1 ,! man is dead6 ,:itti] 0 n among ! fanatics ( ! movem5t2 on ! contr>y1 he 0 a %rewd politician1 int]e/$ 9 mov+ ! m9ds ( 8 fell[s & 9 gett+ some?+ done4 ,he help$ 9 ! =m+ ( ! ,abolition p>ty1 :i* lat] became ! ,free ,soil p>ty1 & !n ! ,republican p>ty ( ,l9coln4 ,z a ,quak] he c\ld n support ! w>1 yet he manag$ to write v]ses ab\t x--= example1 :5 ,/onewall ,jackson 0 unwill+ to kill old ,b>b>a ,friet*ie = hang+ out ! ,/>s & ,/ripes 9 ,fr$]ick4 ,x is probable t ?is incid5t nev] happ5$1 b x made a v popul> poem4 ,:itti] nev] w5t to college1 he nev] travel$ 9 ,europe to acquire a =eign tone2 he rema9$ an ,am]ican peasant4 ,he voic$ _! ?\ghts 9 _! own language1 & !y h *]i%$ him1 & w "s day =ce ! critics to give him 8 due place4 ,if y are look+ = ballads made out ( native mat]ial1 read ! /ory ( old ,skipp] ,ireson1 :o r\s$ ! fury ( 8 villag]s by sail+ away f a %ip 9 di/ress3 ,old ,floyd ,ireson1 = 8 h>d he>t ,t>r$ & fea!r$ & c>ri$ 9 a c>t ,by ! wom5 ( ,m>blehead4 ,if y are look+ = ,am]ican s5tim5t1 = simple1 unt\*$ democracy1 read 8,maud ,mull]40 ,above all1 if y want ! inn] ess5ce ( ,new ,engl& f>m life1 ! m+l$ h>%ness & beauty ( its body1 & ! m+l$ /]nness & *>m ( its _s1 read 8,sn[-,b\nd0 ,,*apt] ,,lxxviii ,,puritanism ,,9 ,,decay ,! ,puritans ( ,massa*usetts1 hav+ kill$ ! ,indians & f5c$ ! f>ms & built ! t[ns1 settl$ into ! r\t9e ( gett+ "o ano!r's money4 ,! m ent]pris+ ones mov$ ,we/1 :]e !re 0 m money2 ! o!rs sunk into sl[ decay4 ,puritanism came to mean1 n aggressive virtue1 b negative avoidance4 ,be=e x pass$ away entirely1 x produc$ a man ( g5ius :o 0 ( x en\gh to "k x ?or\ghly1 yet suffici5tly out ( x to be able to embody x 9 art4 ,na?aniel ,haw?orne 0 born 9 ,salem1 a port :i* _h once be5 prosp]\s1 b _h lo/ 9 competition ) ! great cities4 ,x 0 a m\rnful place1 liv+ 9 ! memory ( its pa/1 :i* includ$ ! dr[n+ & hang+ ( wit*es1 a fr5zy ( religi\s t]ror 9 :i* an ance/or ( ,haw?orne _h be5 a p]secut+ judge4 ,"o ( ?is judge's victims _h put a curse ^u him1 & ! noveli/ pictures himself1 playfully1 z ! la/ sad relic ( ?is curse4 ,he 0 a solit>y man1 born to pov]ty1 %y1 alo( & obscure4 ,recognition did n come until ! middle =ties1 & meantime he liv$ 9 anci5t1 lonely h\ses1 /ay+ indoors by day & w&]+ ! /reets by night4 ,he _h no political s5se1 no social s5se2 ev5ts 9 ! _w outside meant little--he liv$ 9 ! pa/4 ,yet1 /rangely en\gh1 he did n accept ! ideas ( ?is pa/4 ,he _h no?+ ( ! robu/ ,tory f]vor ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott2 he 0 a mod]n man1 & a quiet1 skeptical humor %9es ?r\gh 8 pages4 ,:at _h happ5$ 0 t 8 fai? _h dri$ up1 & no?+ else _h come to take its place2 s !re he 01 n kn[+ :y1 or h[1 or to :at end4 ,he wrote elaborate di>ies1 full ( m9ute details ab\t ! ?+s :i* happ5$ h\r by h\r2 ?+s :i* only a *ild w\ld consid] wor? record+4 ,he w\ld produce & publi% a sket* 9 :i*1 ) really beautiful art1 he w\ld describe ! s5sations ( walk+ ab\t ! /reets ( ,salem on a ra9y night1 & h[ ! lights %one 9 ! puddles--yell[ lights ( ! /reet-lamps & blue & gre5 lights f ! drug-/ores4 ,he ga!r$ /range leg5ds ( old-"t p1 liv+ t]ror-haunt$ lives1 driv5 to s9 by ! v desp]ation ( _! ef=ts to avoid x4 ,! pangs ( consci5ce are ,haw?orne's 8local color0 & arti/ic tradition2 he kn[s !m 9 e detail1 b he himself is n "u _! spell--!y are l bric--brac & objects ( art :i* he collects4 8,twice-,told ,tales0 0 ! title ( 8 fir/ volume1 & ?is1 y see1 prep>es u = consci\s lit]>y artifice4 ,!n we h 8,mosses f an ,old ,manse0 :i* promises m\rnfulness & mold9ess1 desolation & decay4 ,!n 8,! ,h\se ( ! ,sev5 ,gables10 ! hid+ place ( an old & dy+ family haunt$ by a curse4 8,! ,sc>let ,lett]0 br\ght its au?or in/ant recognition1 & is consid]$ by _m critics ,am]ica's mo/ au!ntic ma/]piece ( fiction4 ,a "y m>ri$ woman 9 ! old-"t wit*-hunt+ ,salem has yield$ to adult]\s love = a "y cl]gyman4 ,a *ild is born1 & ! "m is publicly accus$1 & exhibit$ ^u ! scaffold1 ) ! lett] 8,a0 embroid]$ 9 sc>let clo? ^u h] dress4 ,%e w n reveal ! "n ( h] lov]1 & s ! "y cl]gyman escapes obloquy1 b is haunt$ by t s5se ( guilt :i* is ! pr9cipal product ( ,puritanism 9 decay4 ,! 8et]nal triangle10 y see2 b x diff]s f o!r triangles 9 t x is n a /ory ( passion1 b ( puni%m5t4 ,we d n see ! guilty love 9 ! days ( its happ9ess1 b only 9 ! days ( its remorse4 ,z 9 all ,haw?orne's /ories1 we meet1 n p :o are act+1 b p :o are look+ back ^u actions long s9ce committ$4 ,?is is "o k9d ( art1 & ,i admit ! greatness ( 8,! ,sc>let ,lett]0 z a piece ( te*nique4 ,b we are "h discuss+ art works z human & social products2 & ,i po9t out1 z 9 ! case ( s _m o!r trag$ies1 h[ tempor>y & unsub/antial is ! gr\nd ^u :i* x re/s4 ,! e?ical basis ( 8,! ,sc>let ,lett]0 is ! conviction t m>riage is indissoluble1 & t a "y woman :o has be5 giv5 9 m>riage to an eld]ly man1 & f9ds h]self unhappy1 is b\nd by ! laws ( ,god to rema9 9 ! bonds ( t unhappy m>riage4 ,b suppose1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! ideas ( mank9d %\ld und]go a *ange2 suppose we %\ld come to ! conviction t a "y woman :o f9ds h]self m>ri$ to an eld]ly man :om %e does n love1 & :o conceives an int5se & endur+ passion = a y\ng] man1 & desires to h *ildr5 by t y\ng] man--suppose we %\ld decide t ?is woman1 9 rema9+ ) ! old] & unlov$ man1 & d5y+ life to *ildr5 by ! y\ng] man1 is committ+ a crime aga9/ po/]ity1 violat+ a fundam5tal law ^u :i* race progress dep5ds8 ,y c see t 9 t case 8,! ,sc>let ,lett]0 w\ld become entirely ar*aic1 an object ( curiosity m+l$ ) repugnance4 ,! ,am]ican gov]nm5t honor$ ?is em95tly respectable noveli/ by mak+ him1 fir/ a gaug] ( cu/oms1 & !n its consul to ,liv]pool4 ,he 0 a prematurely old man !n1 & fl$ f ! cold fogs ( ,engl& to ,rome--:i* he lik$ no bett]4 ,b he pati5tly collect$ in=mation conc]n+ ,roman antiquities1 & compos$ a novel call$ 8,! ,m>ble ,faun10 :i* is dutifully read z a guide book by all s*ool-m>ms visit+ ! ,et]nal ,city4 ,h[ well adapt$ ?is ,puritan g5ius 0 to int]pret ! ,lat9 _w1 y may judge f ! fact t he 0 %ock$ by nude /atues1 & c\ld n see :y sculptors cont9u$ to ov]look ! necessity = m>ble clo?+4 ,t sk9 0 made be=e clo?+1 & may cont9ue to be worn aft] clo?+ is =gott51 is a fact :i* did n occur to ?is travel] f ,salem4 ,he came back to pass 8 la/ days 9 an ,am]ica torn by ! agonies ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,he 0 a ,democrat by =ce ( in]tia1 & _h writt5 a campaign biography ( ! g5ial & bibul\s ,presid5t ,pi]ce4 ,he _h no und]/&+ ( ! w>1 nor ( ! new ,am]ica :i* 0 to be born f x4 ,9 ^! la/ pa!tic days he rem9ds u ( ! poor old ,tory1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 fac+ ! ,re=m ,bill & ! ,*>ti/ riots & 8! c\ntry m9$ bel[ our feet40 ,i plead ) arti/s to /ep ahead ( ! procession 9 _! y\?1 s t 9 _! old age4 !y may n be left s pitifully f> beh9d4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxix ,,! ,,angel ,,israfel ,! ,puritans :o settl$ ,massa*usetts believ$ t happ9ess 0 to be f\nd 9 ! repress+ ( ! 8c>nal nature40 ,! ,cavali]s :o settl$ ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia believ$ 9 enjoym5t1 & rode _! passions at a gallop4 ,x 0 appropriate t ^! ,cavali]s %\ld give to ,am]ica an arti/ :o taught t s5su\s beauty is a my/ic revelation ( ,god1 & t poetry mu/ be music1 to ! exclusion ( intellect & moral s5se4 ,a ,m>yl& g5]al's son ran away & m>ri$ a "y actress1 & ^! two liv$ a wret*$1 h&-to-m\? exi/5ce1 & di$ 9 a g>ret1 leav+ ?ree infants4 ,"o ( ! ?ree 0 nam$ ,edg> ,poe1 & our fir/ glimpse ( him %[s a nurse fe$+ him ^u a 8sug>-tit0 soak$ 9 g94 ,a little lat] we f9d him adopt$ by a s5tim5tal lady nam$ ,allan1 & made into a k9d ( draw+-room pet1 taught to pl$ge toa/s 9 dr9k4 ,he 0 an exquisite little fell[1 pr\d1 s5sitive & self-will$2 & 9 8 e>ly tra9+ we note ! se$s ( all 8 lat] mis]y4 ,he began writ+ poetry 9 *ildhood1 & we /ill read v]ses :i* he compos$ 9 8 'te5s4 ,he 0 s5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia1 :]e along ) ri* m5's sons he gambl$ & drank4 ,he des]t$ ! ,univ]sity1 qu>rel$ ) 8 b5efactors1 & enli/$ 9 ! army4 ,!y got him out & s5t him to ,we/ ,po9t1 :i* is fam\s = hav+ graduat$ a numb] ( soldi]s1 & = hav+ fail$ to graduate two arti/s1 ,edg> ,allan ,poe & ,james ,mc,neill ,:i/l]4 ,poe wrote v]ses & drank br&y ) 8 room-mates1 & f9ally set ab\t to get himself expell$ f a life :i* he hat$4 ,s "h he 0 at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 a poet1 a rebel & a drunk>d4 ,he _h eighte5 ye>s m to live1 & dur+ t "t 8 life 0 "o long agony ( /ruggle4 ,he _h brilliant gifts1 8 "w f\nd recognition1 & he got _m editorial positions1 b c\ld n keep !m4 ,he w&]$ f city to city1 qu>rel$ ) bo? enemies & fri5ds1 & exhibit$ all ^? =ms ( evasion & di%one/y = :i* alcohol & opium are responsible4444 8,h[ mu* %all ,i say ab\t ! great curse ( ! ,s\?80 asks ,ogi4 8,say x all10 says 8 wife4 8,i recall ^? old ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia home/eads1 d>k & du/y1 fall+ to decay2 a few /icks ( furniture1 mo?-eat5 hang+s1 & sil5t1 pale1 9-door m5 & wom5--! =m] dr9k+1 ! latt] tak+ drugs & pat5t m$ic9es4 ,i rememb] also ! well-to-d families 9 ! t[ns1 ! wild "y curs+ blades1 & ! old top]s ) trembl+ h&s4 ,i rememb] ! uncle :o %ot (f 8 head 9 ! p>k1 & t o!r uncle1 ) a di/+ui%$ naval record1 :o liv$ into old age )\t ev] be+ sob]4 ,i rememb] my own fa!r1 & my *ildhood & y\? ( /ruggle to save him4 ,all ^! m5 7 k9d & g5tle1 ideali/ic1 *>m+ 9 mann]s--0 8,i1 too1 _h an uncle10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi2 8! t5d]e/ he>t y ev] knew4 ,he drank because he c\ld n /& ! life he saw ab\t him1 ! unsolvable race problem1 ! mass ( ignorance & brutality4 ,i w\ld get 8 bottle away f him & hide x1 & !n 9 8 torm5t he w\ld g s f> z a #8damn'2 b ,i nev] saw him s drunk t he fail$ to apologize = su* a ^w40 ,we mu/ take ,poe z "o ( ! pitiful victims ( ^! cu/oms2 we mu/ und]/& t 8 virtues 7 8 own1 :ile 8 vices 7 f$ to him 9 a 8sug>-tit40 ,( all ,am]ican poets up to ?is "t 8 0 ! greate/ g5ius2 8 0 ! true fire1 ! en]gy1 ! vision--& = ! mo/ "p x 0 wa/$ & lo/4 ,x 0 wa/$1 n m]ely because he got drunk1 because he 0 always on ! v]ge ( />vation1 because he 0 *a9$ to slav]y1 & _h to write pot-boil]s "u ! ord]s ( m5 ) r\t9e or m]c5>y m9ds2 x 0 wa/$ also because he 0 a victim ( p]v]se !ories ab\t art & life4 ,he began1 z a *ild1 ) imitations ( ,byron1 & !n came "u ! spell ( ,col]idge's disord]ly g5ius4 ,we might take a great "p ( ,poe's "w1 j z we took 8,kubla ,khan10 & %[ h[ 8 tal5t goes into ! portrayal ( e imag9able k9d ( ru91 t]ror & despair4 ,we _c say to :at ext5t ,poe's art !ories 7 ! product ( 8 vices1 & to :at ext5t ! vices 7 ! product ( ! !ories4 ,aft] he left ,we/ ,po9t1 & 0 />v+ 9 ,baltimore1 he met 8 c\s91 a frail1 s5sitive *ild1 z poor z himself4 ,he m>ri$ h] :5 %e 0 less ?an f\rte5 ye>s old2 he ador$ h]1 b _! life 0 a long crucifixion1 because ( h] fail+ heal?4 ,sev]al times %e broke a blood vessel1 & 9 ! end %e fad$ away f tub]culosis4 ,! %ad[ ( t trag$y hung ov] ,poe's :ole mature life1 & y w note t 8 lovelie/ poetry deals ) beautiful wom5 :o are dy+ or dead4 ,9 ?is torm5t$ body !re liv$ & wr\ght n m]ely a great g5ius1 b also a great m9d4 ,poe 0 a critic1 ( a k9d entirely new to ,am]ica4 ,he did n di/ribute indiscrim9ate praise f motives ( patriotism & puff]y2 he _h critical /&>ds1 "r or wrong1 & 0 m]ciless to ! sw>ms ( art pret5d]s4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 he 0 hat$ & furi\sly attack$2 & because ( 8 weaknesses1 he 0 an easy m>k = all4 ,8 art !ories 7 ^? :i* we are "h seek+ to ov]?r[2 h[ false & dang]\s !y 71 8 life atte/s4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 9 "o ( 8 y\?ful poems1 ! fir/ real utt]ance ( 8 g5ius1 he took a q diff]5t view4 ,quot+ an imag9>y passage f ! ,koran ab\t ! angel ,israfel1 8^: he>t-/r+s are a lute10 he wrote3 ,!re=e ?\ art n wrong1 ,israfeli1 :o despise/ ,an unimpassion$ song2 ,to !e ! laurels belong1 ,be/ b>d1 because ! wise/4 ,well might ?is torm5t$ ,baltimore poet long = ! wisdom ( ! ,mohamm$an angel6 ,he sp5t 8 great analytical p[]s 9 concoct+ a 8moon hoax10 & 9 solv+ all ! cryptograms :i* empty-head$ p s5t him4 ,x 0 z if a man %\ld build a mighty eng9e1 & !n set x to fann+ ! air4 ,9 8 la/ pitiful ye>s he compos$ an elaborate "w on metaphysics1 :i* he call$ 8,eureka10 mean+ t he _h solv$ ! secret ( ! ages1 ! nature ( exi/5ce & ! absolute4 ,x is l all o!r metaphysics--a cobweb spun out ( words2 ! mighty eng9e has "h be5 set to fann+ a vacuum4 ,poe 0 a fight+ man & an ard5t propag&i/4 ,he f\ght = art1 = ! fre$om & ! glory & ! joy ( art1 z a ?+ ap>t f humanity1 & f ! s5se ( bro!rhood & human solid>ity4 ,life wreak$ its v5geance ^u him1 8 puni%m5t 0 heavy en\gh1 & we %\ld be cont5t ) voic+ our pity--b = ! fact t 8 art !ories are /ill alive 9 ! _w1 wreck+ o!r "y arti/s4 ,?is is :at makes necess>y ! pa9ful task ( draw+ moral lessons ov] ! graves ( 8mighty poets 9 _! mis]y dead40 ,,*apt] ,,lxxx ,,! ,,good ,,grey ,,poet ,edg> ,allan ,poe liv$ & wrote to prove t art excludes morality4 ,we come n[ to ano!r poet1 :o liv$ & wrote to prove t art excludes ev]y?+ else4 ,he _h a message & a fai?1 :i* 0 ! dom9at+ motive 9 ev]y?+ he wrote2 9 %ort1 he 0 "o ( ! major prophets--l ,dante1 ,milton1 ,tol/oi1 ,nietzs*e1 :o us$ art z a means ( sway+ ! s\ls ( m54 ,ref]r+ ?us to ,walt ,:itman1 we n[ h ^u our side ! weight ( critical au?ority2 le>n$ & entirely respectable college pr(essors write 9 ?is fa%ion ab\t 8 books1 & d n lose _! positions = s do+4 ,b realize h[ diff]5t x 0 9 ,:itman's lifetime2 9 ! e>ly ye>s respectable op9ion look$ ^u him z a k9d ( obsc5e maniac4 ,8 fir/ edition ( 8,leaves ( ,grass10 a ?\s& copies pr9t$ by himself1 0 left on 8 h&s1 except = ^? :i* he s5t out free--& ev5 "s ( ^! 7 return$1 "o by ! poet ,:itti]6 ,a critic wrote t ,:itman 0 8z unacqua9t$ ) art z a hog ) ma!matics40 ,ano!r wrote t he 8des]v$ ! :ip ( ! public execution]40 ,he 0 ?r[n out ( a gov]nm5t position 9 ,wa%+ton = hav+ a copy ( 8 book lock$ up 9 8 own desk1 & aga9 & aga9 8 publi%]s 7 =c$ by ?reat ( public prosecution to )draw ! book f circulation4 ,alone among ,:itman's contempor>ies to recognize 8 g5ius 0 ,em]son1 & :5 ,:itman publi%$ ,em]son's lett] 9 ! second edition ( 8,leaves ( ,grass10 ,em]son 0 emb>rass$--= 9 ! meantime 8 horrifi$ fri5ds _h p]suad$ him to hesitate 9 8 op9ion4 ,f all ?is we may le>n h[ difficult x is to judge "o's contempor>ies4 ,walt ,:itman 0 born ( f>m] folk 9 an isolat$ "p ( ,long ,isl&4 ,8 fa!r became a c>p5t] & mov$ to ,brooklyn1 !n a small t[n4 ,walt became an (fice boy at ! age ( twelve2 he got hold ( "s good read+1 le>n$ pr9t+1 & became a tea*]1 & some?+ ( an orator4 ,he 0 an abolitioni/1 a teetotal] & o!r k9ds ( 8crank02 a sl[-mov+1 r /ubborn y\?1 :o w&]$ ab\t f place to place1 meet+ all k9ds ( p1 wat*+ life ) int]e/1 b c>+ no?+ = success4 ,he _h a good job z a newspap] editor1 b gave x up because ( 8 views on slav]y4 ,he set a new fa%ion 9 life--a type ( man n[ common 9 ! radical movem5t1 :o does en\gh manual labor to keep alive1 & sp5ds ! re/ ( 8 "t /udy+ lit]ature & life4 ,walt's p lov$ him1 b c\ld n make him out2 !y ?\ght he 0 lazy :5 he loaf$ & invit$ 8 s\l4 ,he 0 f9d+ 8 own way1 guid$ by ! unfold+ g5ius )94 ,he want$ to "k p1 e k9d t liv$2 he want$ to talk ) !m1 to feel himself "o ) !m4 ,he work$ ) labor]s on ! job1 he rode 9 f]ry-boats1 he made fri5ds ) ! driv]s ( busses4 ,he want$ to see ,am]ica1 s he w&]$ by sl[ /ages to ,new ,orleans & back4 ,he want$ to "k lit]ature1 s he read1 b accord+ to 8 own ta/e1 tak+ no "o's op9ions4 ,:5 he 0 ready to express himself1 x 0 a self hi!rto unkn[n 9 lit]ature1 & ! mo/ />tl+ voice yet lift$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! /ud5t le>ns ab\t new & vital movem5ts ?r\gh ! writ+s ( _! oppon5ts4 ,?us ! pres5t writ] 0 made into a rationali/ by ! read+ ( ,*ri/ian apologetics4 ,9 ! same way ,i le>n$ ab\t ,:itman f an essay by ,sidney ,lani]1 a respectable g5tleman-poet f ! ,s\?1 :o demon/rat$ t ,:itman's claim to be ! voice ( democracy 0 nons5se2 ! masses ( ! p _h no int]e/ :atev] 9 ?is ecc5tric poetry1 & c\ld n und]/& :at ! poet 0 driv+ at4 ,does a poet necess>ily h to be appreciat$ by ^? ( :om he writes8 ,or is x possible to tell some?+ ab\t p :i* !y !mselves d n yet "k8 ,if a man is pick+ apples1 he is obey+ ! laws ( gravitation1 & ! apples likewise are obey+ x4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton comes along1 & int]prets ! behavior ( ! man & ( ! apples4 ,does ! tru? ( ,newton's law dep5d ^u ! ass5t ( ! apple-pick]8 ,walt ,:itman did really "k ! ,am]ican p1 ! masses1 z di/+ui%$ f ! cultur$ few2 he knew !m z no man ( lett]s up to t "t _h kn[n !m4 ,he believ$ !re 7 trem5d\s1 in/9ctive =ces work+ )9 !m1 & t he1 z poet & se]1 c\ld ent] into t unconsci\s mass-be+ & und]/& x & guide x4 ,he believ$ t he 0 lay+ out ! pa? :i* democracy w\ld foll[1 he 0 voic+ ! desires x w\ld feel1 ! love & fell[%ip & solid>ity x w\ld embody 9 in/itutions & arts4 ,:e!r he 0 "r 9 ^! intuitions & my/ical prophesy+s 0 = ! future to decide4 ,c]ta9ly !re 7 two k9ds ( p]sons 9 ,:itman's own day :o c\ld n decide2 "o 0 ! av]age wage-slave1 ignorant & grop+2 & ! o!r 0 a g5tleman f ,georgia1 :o made excell5t b cu/om>y rhymes ab\t birds & brooks & fl[]s4 ,walt ,:itman 0 "o ( ^? my/ics to :om ! inn] ess5ce ( all ?+s is ! same2 all life is sacr$1 & all m5 are bro!rs 9 a common ,fa!rhood4 ,jesus taught t1 & 9 ! n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s :i* h s9ce pass$ new prophets h aris5 e n[ & !n to revive x--b ! ,*ri/ians are j z mu* sc&aliz$ e "t4 ,:itman's title1 8,leaves ( ,grass10 "u :i* he includ$ all 8 poems1 means t he *ose ! mo/ common & lea/ di/+ui%$ product ( nature = 8 symbol ( ! human s\l4 ,! poet himself 0 "o ( ^! 8,leaves ( ,grass10 & celebrat$ himself z ! repres5tative & voice ( ! re/4 ,he sang ! song ( himself1 & 8 contempor>ies ?\ght ?is 0 crude & b>b>\s egotism4 ,?is big be>d$ fell[ :o pr9t$ 8 own poems1 ) a preface to tell h[ great !y 71 & 8 picture 9 a work+man's dress )\t a necktie--he 0 no?+ b a hoodlum1 & ! critics call$ = ! police4 ,! wor/ /umbl+ block 0 ! portion ( ! book call$ 8,*ildr5 ( ,adam10 deal+ ) sex4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon race 0 us$ to horrifi$ sil5ce ab\t sex1 & also to sly le]+ ab\t sex2 ! "o ?+ x _h nev] enc\nt]$ 0 simple frankness4 ,:at ,:itman did 0 to take sex exactly z x is1 a "p ( life1 & write ab\t x z he wrote ab\t ev]y?+ else4 ,:5 ,i1 z a /ud5t1 fir/ look$ up 8,leaves ( ,grass0 9 ! ,columbia ,univ]sity libr>y1 ,i f\nd ?is portion ( ! book s ?umb$ & worn z to make pla9 t ! "y read]s _h n be5 taught to und]/& ,:itman4 ,= he gave to ?is "p ( 8 message its due proportion & no m4 ,he 0 a clean man1 liv+ an ab/emi\s & ev5 ascetic life1 develop+ 8 m9d z well z 8 body4 ,! ,civil ,w> came1 & ! moral greatness ( ,:itman 0 made app>5t4 ,he w5t to ,wa%+ton z a sort ( amateur nurse2 liv+ on almo/ no?+1 he devot$ 8 entire "t to visit+ 9 ! hospitals1 br++ com=t & affection to t5s ( ?\s&s ( suff]+ & neglect$ soldi]s4 ,8 g5ius 0 = fri5d%ip1 & ev]yone lov$ him2 !re are _m /ories ( m5 ^: lives 7 sav$ by 8 pres5ce & 8 love4 ,he 0 a big man1 ) ruddy *eeks & a full be>d1 turn$ gray "u ! /ra9 ( ^! ye>s4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,l9coln1 meet+ him1 said ! same words t ,napoleon said to ,goe!3 8,?is is a man60 8,! good grey poet10 z "o ( 8 fri5ds call$ him1 wreck$ 8 heal? amid ^! frightful sc5es1 & 0 nev] ! same aga94 ,he publi%$ m poems1 8,drum-,taps10 deal+ ) ! w>4 ,all t :i* 0 call$ egotism is n[ burn$ away1 & we h a revelation ( a p uplift$ by /ruggle4 ,9 #ahga came a prose "w1 8,democratic ,vi/as10 9 :i* 8 message is proclaim$ ev5 m cle>ly ?an 9 8 v]se4 ,x is a call = a new art1 bas$ ^u bro!rhood & equality4 ,our ,new ,_w democracy1 decl>$ ,:itman1 is 8s f> an almo/ complete failure 9 its social aspects1 & 9 really gr& religi\s1 moral1 lit]>y & ae/hetic results40 ,:itman suff]$ a /roke ( p>alysis1 recov]$ p>tially1 & !n suff]$ ano!r /roke4 ,he 0 m or less crippl$ ?r\gh 8 la/ tw5ty ye>s1 & liv$ 9 extreme pov]ty2 b gradually 8 fame spread & fri5ds ga!r$ ab\t him4 ,! labor movem5t 0 n[ em]g+--& its lead]s 7 discov]+ t ?is old poet _h inde$ =se5 h[ !y w\ld feel4 8,my call is ! call ( battle--,i n\ri% active rebellion40 ,& ea* new g5]ation ( ! "y n\ri%]s ( rebellion fe$s its s\l ^u ,:itman's inspiration4 ,is x poetry8 ,t is a "q ov] :i* battles are f\ght4 ,x seems to me t words matt] little2 x is a k9d ( inspir$ *ant1 :i* moves y if y are susceptible to its ideas4 ,= two ye>s ,i /eep$ myself 9 ! lit]ature ( ! ,civil ,w>1 :ile writ+ 8,manassas02 & to me at t "t 8,drum-,taps0 seem$ to conta9 all ! f]vor & angui% ( ! conflict4 ,b ! ev]yday p]son1 :o does n rise to ^? heights1 pref]s 8,o ,capta91 ,my ,capta910 :i* has ! easi] beauties ( rhyme & fix$ rhy?m4 ,! critics h by n[ got us$ to ,:itman's hone/y ab\t sex2 ! only /umbl+ block is 8 long catalogues ( ?+s4 ,he w s+ ! human body1 & give y a li/ ( ! p>ts !re(3 & c t be poetry8 ,b y mu/ be> 9 m9d t ,:itman is m a se] ?an a poet4 8,s]mons 9 /ones10 said ,%akespe>e2 & if ! /ones _h names1 ,:itman w\ld call ! roll ( !m1 & ea* w\ld be a my/ic symbol1 & ! total effect w\ld be a hypnotic spell4 ,x is an old trick ( ^? :o appeal to ! subconsci\s m9d2 9 ! ,engli% ,pray]-,book1 = example1 !re is a *ant3 8,o1 all ye ,works ( ! ,"l1 bless ye ! ,"l1 praise ,him & magnify ,him =ev]40 ,! hymn goes on to "n all ! v>i\s aspects ( nature3 8,o1 all ye ,%[]s & ,dew 444 ,o1 all ye ,fire & ,heat 444 ,ye ,lightn+s & ,cl\ds 444 ,ye ,m\nta9s & ,hills 444 ,ye ,seas & ,floods 444 ,ye ,f[ls ( ! ,air 444 ,ye ,bea/s & ,cattle40 444 & s on ?r\gh ! _m ,works ( ! ,"l :i* are invit$ to praise ,him & magnify ,him =ev]4 ,s1 if y are a my/ic1 y may contemplate ) awe ea* sep>ate miracul\s product ( t my/]i\s organiz+ =ce :i* has creat$ a liv+ human body4 ,! my/ical life has its dang]s1 & also1 alas6 its bor$oms4 ,i h /at$ 9 ! *apt] on ,em]son t !re is no absolute :i* is n equally z false z x is true4 ,:itman has rais$ up a ho/ ( imitators1 & ,i h read _! alleg$ 8free v]se10 & record ! fact t x 0 surely a wa/e ( my "t1 & app>5tly a wa/e ( !irs4 ,also1 ,i h kn[n _m foll[]s ( ,walt ,:itman1 ! great] numb] ( :om h *os5 to foll[ ! poet's ecc5tricities1 r ?an 8 virtues4 ,y see1 x is s mu* easi] to leave (f a necktie & 8loaf10 ?an x is to h g5ius & create a new art =m6 ,:itman is n alone 9 suff]+ ?r\gh 8 disciples2 ,jesus _h t tragic fate1 & ,nietzs*e1 & ,tol/oi1 & _m ano!r major prophet6 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxi ,,cabbage ,,s\p ,we h be5 foll[+ ! =tunes ( a pione] p break+ into ! field ( _w culture4 ,let u n[ travel "p way r\nd ! e>? 9 ei!r direction1 & wat* ano!r pione] p do+ ! same ?+4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ,am]ica & ,russia are _m & /rik+1 & be=e we ent] ^u a /udy ( ,russian lit]ature we mu/ und]/& ,russian life4 ,voltaire tells u t virtue & vice are products l v9eg>1 & we %all f9d ?is applies also to ! ,russian s\l ) its my/icism & melan*oly4 ,:5 ! sun almo/ disappe>s = six mon?s at a "t1 & icy blizz>ds rage1 human be+s h a t5d5cy to /ay by ! fire & develop _! inn] natures2 also !y develop conge/$ liv]s1 & brood ^u ! futility ( life4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,don't =get t x (t5 gets cold 9 ,new ,engl&40 8,yes1 & !re is bo? my/icism & melan*oly 9 ,new ,engl& art4 ,b ! diff]5ce is t ! p ( ,new ,engl& escap$ f ! cradle ( despotism 9 ,asia _m c5turies e>li] ?an ! ,russians4 ,s ! brood+ ( ! ,new ,engl& coloni/ took ! =m ( call+ a t[n meet+ to plan = ! build+ ( a new road 9 ! spr+4 ,b ! ,russian c\ld n d ?+s = himself2 he _h to get ! p]mission ( (ficials4 ,if he tri$ to act = himself1 !y w\ld /rip him & beat him ) kn\ts until he swoon$4 ,s ! ,russian's brood+ turn$ to despair1 & he got drunk1 & got into a fight & kill$ 8 neighbor1 & !n tri$ to make up 8 m9d :e!r ,god w\ld =give him1 or damn him to hell fire =ev]2 he frett$ ov] ?is problem until he w5t insane or wrote a novel--0 8,or bo?10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 ,! dom9ant fact 9 ,russian art ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 despotism4 ,"h 0 a va/ empire ( a hundr$ million p1 en]getic & aspir+2 & ! rul+ class dream$ t !y c\ld introduce mod]n mat]ial civilization1 :ile keep+ out ! mod]n m9d & s\l4 ,"y ,russians travell$1 & le>n$ to ?9k z ! re/ ( ,europe ?\ght2 !n !y came home1 to f9d t ! slighte/ attempt to tea* or to organize 0 met by imprisonm5t1 torture1 exile1 h>d labor1 or ! scaffold4 ,wave aft] wave ( rebellion swept ,russia1 to be met by wave aft] wave ( repression4 ,intellectual activity :i* ,new ,engl& honor$ 0 9 ,russia a secret & crim9al conspiracy2 ! y\? ( ! c\ntry 0 brok5 9 a torture *amb]2 & s we h ! mis]y & di/ortion & impot5ce :i* we reg>d z *>act]i/ic ,slavic qualities4 ,! ,russian 0 suppos$ to be incapable ( action1 incapable ( keep+ an appo9tm5t on "t1 incapable ( do+ any?+ b dr9k+ a hundr$ cups ( tea & %$d+ te>s ov] ! fate ( man4 ,b n[ comes ! revolution1 & 9 a fla% we discov] t all t 0 buncombe4 ,! ,russians beg9 to act precisely l o!r m52 !y cease to get drunk1 !y le>n to keep appo9tm5ts1 !y discov] a sudd5 admiration = ^? qualities we call ,yankee--hu/le & effici5cy1 ! adju/+ ( "o's desires to :at c be imm$iately accompli%$4 ,! ,russian peasant1 suppos$ to be a gr[n-up & be>d$ *]ub1 lift+ 8 eyes 9 adoration to 8 ,little ,fa!r 9 ! ,w9t] ,palace & 8 ,big ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 is discov]$ to h precisely ! same desires z e o!r f>m] 9 ! _w--t is to say1 m l&1 & few] tax-collectors4 ,russian lit]ature is a great lit]ature1 because x voices ! hopes & resolves ( a great p grop+ _! way to fre$om & und]/&+4 ,x is1 :e!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 a lit]ature ( revolt4 ,x is full ( ideas1 because x has to take ! place ( ! prohibit$ subjects1 sci5ce1 politics1 economics1 & social psy*ology4 ,x is desp]ately s]i\s1 because x is produc$ by p :o are suff]+4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s ago ,i rememb] meet+ 9 ,new ,york ! adopt$ son ( ,maxim ,gorki1 :o 0 e>n+ 8 liv+ z a pr9t] by day & /udy+ our civilization by night4 ,i recall 8 rem>k3 8,am]icans d n "k :at ! intellectual life means40 ,! "y man _h 9 m9d a c\ntry :]e y adopt$ ideas ) ! k t !y might co/ y y\r lib]ty1 & ev5 y\r life4 ,"u su* circum/ances y ?9k h>d be=e y come to a decision4 ,a lot ( ,am]icans h _h an opportunity to te/ _! ideas t way dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 & s !y are n[ tak+ ! intellectual life s]i\sly1 & produc+ lit]ature 9 _m ways resembl+ ! ,russian4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,%]wood ,&]son says x is because he 0 rais$ on cabbage s\p40 8,p w read t10 says ,ogi1 8& ?9k x a fla% ( humor2 v few w consid] s]i\sly ! effect ( a />vation diet ^u ! s\l ( a s5sitive boy4 ,nei!r w !y /op to ?9k ab\t ?ree boys sleep+ 9 "o b$ z a s\rce ( abnormal sexual imag9+s1 :i* con/itute "o ( ! orig9al elem5ts 9 ,%]wood ,&]son's books4 ,to me ?is seems a law3 t :]ev] y h widespread & long-cont9u$ pov]ty1 ma9ta9$ by policem5's clubs1 !re y w h a lit]ature1 extremely pa9ful to its creators1 b delightful to high-br[ critics1 :o w hail x z #8/rong1' & up to ! /&>d ( ! great ,russian ma/]s40 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxii ,,dead ,,s\ls ,! poet :o taught ! ,russian p ! possibilities ( _! language 0 ,pu%k92 "o ( ^? beautiful leisure-class y\?s :o live fa/ & die "y4 ,he 0 born ( an ari/ocratic family1 & :5 he 0 tw5ty he 01 l mo/ poets1 a hopeful ideali/1 & wrote an ode to lib]ty1 & 0 condemn$ to exile4 ,he liv$ a wild life among ! gypsies1 & wa/$ himself1 & f9ally 8 family p]suad$ ! ts> to give him ano!r *ance4 ,he 0 br\ght back to c\rt & made a small function>y1 among illit]ate1 dull1 suppos$-to-be-great p :o _h no und]/&+ ( 8 tal5ts4 ,he m>ri$ a beautiful noble lady1 :o betray$ him cont9u\sly & broke 8 he>t4 ,pu%k9 n[ wrote folk tales1 & a great quantity ( love poems 9 ! ,byronic mann]4 ,8 idealism 0 dead2 he 0 a c\rt man1 & w5t s f> z to glorify ! rape ( ,pol&4 ,he wrote a long n>rative poem1 8,eug5e ,oneg910 :i* tells ab\t ! tragic love tr\bles ( an ari/ocratic y\?1 toge!r ) all ! details ( 8 life1 h[ he got up 9 ! morn+1 h[ he sipp$ 8 *ocolate1 h[ he read 8 invitations to tea-p>ties & balls4 ,y might n ?9k !re w\ld be great lit]ature 9 su* a /ory2 b at lea/ ,pu%k9 dealt ) ,russian !mes & ) reality2 he made x int]e/+1 l5d+ x ! glam\r ( musical v]se1 & s he kill$ ! old classical tradition 9 ,russia4 ,! ,greek nymphs & ! ,fr5* %eph]desses w5t out ( fa%ion1 & ! way 0 cle> = ,russian writ]s ) some?+ important to say to _! p4 ,!n came ,nikolai ,gogol4 ,he 0 a ,little ,russian2 t is1 he came f ! ,ukra9e1 :i* is 9 ! ,s\?1 & l all ,s\!rn c\ntries is suppos$ to be w>m-he>t$ & romantic4 ,gogol 0 a poor devil ( a cl]k1 :o leap$ to fame by writ+ humor\s tales1 9 :i* ! laught] 0 m+l$ ) te>s4 ,he did n put 9 any recogniz$ 8propag&a10 = ! simple reason1 t ?is w\ld h co/ him 8 lib]ty4 ,9 ^? days :5 y 7 discuss+ politics y ann\nc$ y\rself z a ,hegelian ,mod]ate or a ,hegelian ,lefti/1 or :atev] x might be2 9 o!r words1 y pret5d$ to be discuss+ ! ideas ( a ,g]man philosoph]1 a sp9n] ( metaphysical cobwebs1 in/ead ( deal+ ) ! real problems ( y\r c\ntry & "t4 ,gogol wrote a play call$ 8,! ,inspector-,g5]al10 :i* tells h[ a gov]nm5t repres5tative is expect$ to visit a small prov9cial t[n1 & all ! function>ies are 9 a /ate ( t]ror = fe> _! v>i\s /eal+s w be expos$4 ,x is und]/ood t ! inspector-g5]al w come 9 disguise1 & s !y mi/ake a y\?ful travel] = ?is function>y1 & insi/ on do+ him honor1 to 8 great bewild]m5t4 ,f9ally ! po/ma/] ( ! t[n1 foll[+ 8 cu/om ( secretly read+ ! mail1 op5s a lett] f ! "y man to a fri5d1 tell+ ab\t 8 adv5tures & ridicul+ ! t[n function>ies4 ,! po/ma/] reads ?is al\d 9 ! he>+ ( ! function>ies1 to _! great dismay4 ,somebody read ?is play to ! ts>1 & he 0 s delight$ t he ord]$ x produc$4 ,y rememb] ,k+ ,l\is ( ,france1 ! 8gr& mon>*10 tak+ delight 9 ,moli]e's ridicule ( 8 c\rti]s4 ,! mon>* c af=d to laugh1 or at lea/ ?9ks he c2 x is only ! function>ies :o realize ! de/ructive p[] ( laught]4 ,!n ,gogol wrote a long novel1 8,dead ,s\ls40 ,he introduces u to a "y man :o might be a graduate ( any "o ( a ?\s& s*ools & colleges & univ]sities ( 8salesman%ip0 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s brilliant are ?is "y man's tal5ts3 ,:atsoev] ! conv]sation might be ab\t1 he always knew h[ to support x4 ,if p talk$ ab\t horses1 he spoke ab\t horses2 if !y began talk+ ab\t ! be/ hunt+ dogs1 "h also ,t*it*ikov w\ld make rem>ks to ! po9t4 ,if ! conv]sation relat$ to "s inve/igation :i* 0 be+ made by ! gov]nm5t1 he w\ld %[ t he also knew some?+ ab\t ! tricks ( ! civil s]vice function>ies4 ,:5 ! talk 0 ab\t billi>ds1 he %[$ t 9 billi>ds he c\ld keep 8 own2 if p talk$ ab\t virtue1 he also spoke ab\t virtue1 ev5 ) te>s 9 8 eyes2 & if ! conv]sation turn$ on mak+ br&y1 he knew all ab\t br&y4 ,?is exp]t 9 ! psy*ology ( salesman%ip _h a truly ,yankee idea to make 8 =tune4 ,at t "t ! ,russian peasants 7 sold ) ! l&1 & ! l&lord _h to pay taxes on all 8 s]fs4 ,a reckon+ 0 made at c]ta9 p]iods1 & if any s]fs di$ 9 betwe5 ! p]iods ( reckon+1 ! l&lord _h to pay taxes j ! same4 ,n[1 said ! salesman to himself1 any l&lord w be glad to sell me ^! 8dead s\ls02 & :5 ,i h b\ght a great numb] ( !m1 ,i w get hold ( a piece ( l&1 & move all ^! 8dead s\ls0 to t l&1 & "s bank w l5d me a great sum ( money1 n kn[+ !y are dead4 ,to travel ov] ,russia & int]view l&lords on su* an err& is 9 itself high com$y4 ,gogol takes u to "o e/ate aft] ano!r1 & lets u see ! mis]y ( ! s]fs1 & ! incompet5ce & futility ( ! l&lords2 ! ones :o are k9d-he>t$ & s5tim5tal don't "k :at to d1 & cause j z mu* mis]y z ! brutal ones4 ,su* a situation requires no comm5t f ! noveli/2 m]ely to "k ab\t x is to condemn x4 ,s x happ5$ t ,gogol's /ory became a revolution>y docum5t1 & 0 copi$ out by h& & pass$ ab\t among ! "y rebels4 ,! gov]nm5t int]v5$1 prev5t+ a second edition ( ! book2 & poor ,gogol1 a little lat] 9 8 life1 turn$ into "s k9d ( religi\s maniac1 & rep5t$ ( :at he _h writt51 & burn$ great quantities ( 8 manuscripts1 includ+ ! latt] "p ( ?is novel4 ,t gives u a glimpse ( ! 8,russian s\l10 & makes u realize :at a di/ance ^! p _h to travel f ,ori5tal b>b>ism to mod]n individualism4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxiii ,,! ,,russian ,,hamlet ,! mod]n _w 0 !re1 & x kept call+ to ! y\? ( ,russia4 ,!re came a skillful noveli/1 ^: task x 0 to int]pret 8 c\ntry to ! outside _w1 & at ! same "t to int]pret ! outside _w to ,russia4 ,he came ( a family ( weal?y l&[n]s1 & receiv$ ! be/ education available2 b he v5tur$ at ! fun]al ( ,gogol to praise ! "w ( ?is great ma/]--:i* s inc5s$ ! gov]nm5t t he 0 s5t5c$ to exile ^u 8 own e/ate4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he succe$$ 9 gett+ p]mission to g abroad1 & liv$ ! re/ ( 8 life 9 ,g]many & ,france1 :]e he 0 free to write z he pleas$4 ,! fir/ "w ( ,ivan ,turg5ev 0 call$ 8,a ,sportsman's ,sket*es02 pictures ( ! peasant types he met :ile on %oot+ trips4 ,x 0 a safe1 ari/ocratic occupation1 t ( kill+ birds = pleasure1 & surely no gov]nm5t c\ld object to a g5tleman's describ+ ! peasants :o w5t along to c>ry 8 guns & 8 lun*4 ,! gov]nm5t did n object2 & s ! read+ public 9 ,russia _h br\ght vividly be=e x ! fact t human be+s1 ( _! own blood & _! own fai?1 7 s]fs at ! m]cy ( l&lords1 to be sold l o!r *attels4 ,s ! ts> 0 =c$ to free ! s]fs4 ,turg5ev settl$ 9 ,p>is2 a great1 h&some giant1 a weal?y ba*elor1 amiable & simple1 a *>m+ lit]>y lion4 ,8 fri5ds 7 ,gauti]1 ,flaub]t1 & o!r noveli/s1 f :om he le>n$ ! p]fections ( arti/ry1 ! pictorial *>m1 ! 8enamels & cameos0 ideal4 ,he _h no ne$ to le>n f !m ! bitt] & corrod+ despair1 because t 0 8 ,russian h]itage4 ,he wrote sev5 novels1 all %ort & simple2 ! !me ( ea* be+ ! /ock !me ( leisure-class fiction1 a man & a woman at ! crisis ( _! love4 ,8 girls are v mu* alike2 direct & hone/1 !y flame up1 & are ready to act ^u _! feel+s1 to g any:]e ) ! man !y love4 ,b ! man does n "k :]e to g or :at to d4 ,! h]o ( ! fir/ novel1 ,rud91 is a k9d ( mod]n ,hamlet1 :o became prov]bial z ! type ( ,russian intellectual4 ,he is incapable ( any?+ b talk1 & tells ! girl t !y mu/ submit to h] family1 :i* opposes ! m>riage4 ,9 ! o!r novels ! h]oes d n always submit4 ,!re is1 = example1 ,baz>ov1 ! ,nihili/2 he is a fight]1 & ready = action--b ,turg5ev tells u :at he ?9ks ( man's dream ( accompli%m5t1 :5 ,baz>ov scrat*es 8 f+] & dies ( blood poison+4 ,ano!r h]o is a ,bulg>ian1 & !re is a *ance = action 9 ,bulg>ia2 b un=tunately ?is man's lungs are weak1 & he dies 9 ! arms ( ! brave girl :o elop$ ) him4 ,y see1 x is h>d = ,turg5ev to portray anyone :o believes1 because he is an arti/ 9 ! leisure-class tradition ( fatalism & urbane incr$ulity4 ,life is a malady2 x is a malady 9 cruel & b>b>\s ,russia1 & no less s 9 free b cynical & lic5ti\s ,p>is4 ,turg5ev1 liv+ safely abroad1 describes h]oes :o also live abroad2 he has n ! moral c\rage to face ,russia & ! ,russian problem1 ev5 9 8 ?\ghts4 ,8 p are ! exiles & intellectuals1 ! travel]s & p>asites1 amus+ !mselves 9 ! capitals ( ,europe4 ,he loa!s ?is loaf+ class1 & satirizes x )\t m]cy2 b also he _c help see+ ! weaknesses ( ! revolutioni/s--& ! revolutioni/s 7 ( c\rse indignant at t1 because !y 7 fight+ = human fre$om1 & ?\ght t a man ( culture & enlight5m5t ought to help !m4 ,s !re 0 furi\s controv]sy ov] ea* ( ,turg5ev's novels1 & x hurt ! feel+s ( ! great1 good-natur$ giant1 & he did a lot ( expla9+1 "s ( x contradictory4 ,! tru? is t he did n "k q :at he believ$2 he 0 n a ?9k]1 b m]ely an arti/ 9 ! n>r[ s5se ( ! ^w1 "o :o sees :at exi/s & portrays x ) cunn+ skill4 ,?is makes him1 ( c\rse1 a d>l+ ( ! leisure-class critics1 art = art sak]s & dilettanti4 ,! ,fr5* translations ( 8 novels _h an enorm\s vogue1 likewise ! ,engli% translations1 & m5 l ,h5ry ,james ?\ght him a god4 ,b out ( ,russia !re n[ comes a new voice2 ! revolution>y prolet>iat is mak+ ,russia ov]1 & ! "y /ud5ts report !mselves bor$ ) ,turg5ev2 he :9es & moans & gets !m n[h]e4 ,y see1 ! ,russians c n[ act1 l o!r p2 & s ! ,russian ,hamlet is laid on ! %elf4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxiv ,,! ,,dead-,,h\se ,a doz5 ye>s ago 9 ,holl&1 talk+ ab\t ,do/oievski ) my fri5d ,fr$]ik van ,e$51 ,i rem>k$ t ,i _h made sev]al attempts1 b _h nev] be5 able to read "o ( 8 novels ?r\gh4 ,van ,e$5 repli$ t ,do/oievski 0 ! _w's greate/ noveli/2 & t is high praise1 because van ,e$5 is a great noveli/ himself4 ,n[1 "u ! /ra9 ( ! w>1 my old fri5d has turn$ into a ,ca?olic my/ic2 & s ,i und]/& 8 passion = ! d>k ,russian1 ano!r ( ^? ov]-burd5$ spirits :o despair ( ! human intellect1 & seek refuge 9 t mo/ p[]ful auto-sugge/ion kn[n z ,god4 ,feodor ,do/oievski 0 born 9 a hospital1 8 fa!r be+ a poor surgeon ) a big family4 ,z a *ild he knew cold & hung]1 & 0 liv+ 9 a g>ret :5 he wrote 8 fir/ novel1 8,poor ,p10 at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r4 ,x is a picture ( two suff]+1 w-less creatures2 & s g5u9e1 s completely 8liv$10 t x made an in/ant impression4 ,its au?or 0 drawn into lit]>y circles--:i* 9 ^? days meant also revolution>y circles4 ,9 8 feeble way he took up ! ideas ( ,f\ri]2 he att5d$ "s radical ga!r+s1 & w5t s f> z to id5tify himself ) a pr9t+ press4 ,! gr\p 7 arre/$1 & ,do/oievski lay 9 a dungeon = _m mon?s1 & f9ally ) tw5ty companions 0 br\ght out ^u a public squ>e be=e a scaffold & prep>$ = dea?4 ,at ! la/ mom5t !re came a reprieve f ! ts>1 b meantime "o ( ! victims _h gone insane4 ,! %ock to ,do/oievski's m9d 0 su* t he comes back to ! incid5t aga9 & aga9 9 8 books4 ,he 0 s5t to ,sib]ia at h>d labor2 h]d$ ) common felons1 beat5 & torm5t$--9 %ort1 receiv+ exactly ! same treatm5t n[ met$ out to social ideali/s by ! /ates ( ,cali=nia & ,wa%+ton1 & rec5tly by ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t at ,leav5wor?4 ,aft] a few ye>s ! ts> p>don$ ,do/oievski & impress$ him into ! army2 he 0 all[$ to come back to ,russia aft] t5 ye>s1 & wrote ! /ory ( 8 exp]i5ces 9 a book call$ 8,memoirs ( a ,dead-,h\se40 ,do/oievski n[ took up ! life ( a hack writ]4 ,he _h a l>ge foll[+1 b somebody else got ! money2 he 0 always 9 debt1 8 wife & *ildr5 />v+ & freez+4 ,he wrote at t]rific spe$ & nev] /opp$ to revise4 ,he 0 ill all ! "t1 suff]+ an attack ( epilepsy e t5 days4 ,all ?is is 9 8 writ+2 8 *>act]s are drunk>ds1 crim9als1 epileptics1 idiots1 & neurotics ( e type4 ,he ent]s into _! s\ls1 & makes e mom5t ( _! lives1 e mood ( _! unhappy be+s real to u4 ,8 greate/ novel is 8,crime & ,puni%m5t02 tell+ ! /ory ( a /ud5t :o1 ambiti\s & />v+1 has an impulse to murd] an old woman money-l5d] & rob h]4 ,he commits ! crime1 b is too mu* t]rifi$ to get ! money2 !n he is pursu$ by remorse1 & we foll[ him ?r\gh 8 inn] torm5ts4 ,he meets a "y girl :o has become a pro/itute 9 ord] to save h] family f />vation2 %e p]suades him to give himself up to ! police1 & %e foll[s him to ,sib]ia1 & toge!r _! s\ls are r$eem$ by love4 ,i am consci5ti\s 9 my attitude t[>d lit]ature1 & :5 ,i f9d ! critics rav+ ov] a great ma/]1 ,i feel oblig$ to read him4 ,"s ye>s ago1 ,i 0 9 a hospital1 recup]at+ f an op]ation1 & t seem$ a good "t to tackle an eight hundr$-page volume1 s ,i began ,do/oievski's 8,! ,bro!rs ,k>amazov40 ,!re are sev]al ( ^! bro!rs1 also an old fa!r1 & all ( !m are drunk mo/ ( ! "t1 & tangl$ up ) a /upid pro/itute4 ,! old fa!r has money1 & s has ! advantage ov] ! sons1 & app>5tly "o ( ! sons is on ! way to murd]+ him4 ,to *e] y up :ile ! climax is prep>+1 !re is a mona/]y full ( monks :o hate "o ano!r l poison1 & "o v5]able & lovable sa9t1 9 ^: spirituality y are expect$ to f9d hope = ,russia & mank9d4 ,b ?is sa9t dies1 & ! y\nge/ ,k>amazov bro!r1 :o loves him1 has 8 fai? 9 ,god & 8 hope = humanity %att]$ =ev]1 because ! expect$ miracle does n happ5--,fa!r ,zossima /9ks l any o!r corpse6--,t is z f> z ,i got 9 ! novel1 & if y want to "k ! outcome1 y w h to d y\r own read+4 ,?is is call$ 8realism02 b get my po9t cle>1 x is romantic & subjective to ! highe/ degree2 x is impassion$1 ev5 fr5zi$1 propag&a4 ,do/oievski is an or?odox ,ea/]n or ,byzant9e ,*ri/ian2 also he is a ,slavophile1 or my/ical ,russian patriot1 believ+ t ! ,russian s\l is some?+ wond]ful & special1 hav+ secret relation%ip ) ,god4 ,?is relation%ip is ! old m$iaeval orgy ( suff]+ & submission1 a wall[+ 9 rep5tance & self-abasem5t1 ! glorification ( sores1 boils1 rags1 lice1 begg>y1 & bad smells4 ,all degradation1 if pati5tly endur$1 is p5it5tial & holy1 :]eby ! "* is lift$ to exalt$ my/ical /ates4 ,:5 ! "y /ud5t 9 8,crime & ,puni%m5t0 awak5s to ! horror ( hav+ kill$ a human be+1 he does n decide to r$eem himself by devot+ 8 educat$ bra9 to "s useful labor2 no1 he decides he mu/ g to a police /ation & deliv] himself into ! h&s ( (ficials :o are worse crim9als ?an he4 ,a gov]nm5t1 itself ! di/ill$ ess5ce ( a billion hide\s crimes1 w s5d him to ,sib]ia1 s t he & 8 pi\s pro/itute may endure ec/acies ( torm5t4 ,we see ?is /ill m cle>ly 9 ano!r novel1 ^: purpose is to r$uce ,*ri/ianity to idiocy4 ,d n take ?is = hyp]bole or epigram2 x is m]ely ! /atem5t ( ,do/oievski's !sis4 ,! book is call$ 8,! ,idiot10 & ! h]o is an inc>nation ( t my/ical1 psy*o-neurotic ,*ri/ianity :i* f9ds r$emption ?r\gh abasem5t delib]ately s\ght4 ,y see1 x is s easy to suff]1 & x is s h>d to ?9k6 ,x is s easy to give y\rself up to epileptic trembl+s & t]rors1 & call x ,god6 ,also1 x appe>s to be easy = lit]>y critics to take m5tal disease at its own valuation4 ,9 ! :ole field ( art !re is no spiritual trag$y great] ?an ,do/oievski's4 ,?is man made an attempt 9 ! cause ( lib]ty1 & ! ,ts>dom made him into a m>tyr2 b he came back1 n to be a soldi] ( enlight5m5t1 b to crawl 9 ! du/ & lick ! h& :i* _h la%$ him4 ,he came back z a propag&i/ ( reaction1 proclaim+ a ,russia r$eem$ by monks4 ,well1 he _h 8 way1 & ! r$eem+ monk appe>$--,gregori ,rasput9 by "n6 ,m9d y1 ,i d n qu>rel ) ,do/oievski because he portray$ ! lo/ & ab&on$1 ! hopelessly sick & tortur$ s\ls he knew4 ,i d n object because 8 *>act]s are fev]i% & hy/]ical1 because !y />e & gl>e & moan & cry & leap & tremble1 because _! knees %ake & _! tee? *att] & !y h nightm>es fill+ :ole *apt]s4 ,i am will+ to read ^! ?+s2 b ,i want to read !m f ! po9t ( view ( a sci5ti/ :o c int]pret !m1 or ( an economi/ :o c rem$y !m2 ,i d n want to read !m z an apo!osis ( idiocy4 ,i d n want !m compos$ & idealiz$ to prove ! div9e nature ( epilepsy4 ,& :5 ,i he> p]fectly sane & com=table b\rgeois critics 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates exalt+ ?is pa?ologic my/icism1 ,i want to ?r[ a brick-bat at !m4 ,"h1 = example1 is ,pr(essor ,william ,lyon ,phelps ( ,yale ,univ]sity1 tell+ u t 8( all ! ma/]s ( fiction bo? 9 ,russia & else:]e1 ,do/oievski is ! mo/ truly spiritual40 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 essay he says t ?is noveli/ 80 br\ght up on ! ,bible & ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! tea*+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 ) him almo/ innate ideas4 ,?us1 al?\gh 8 p>5ts c\ld n give him weal?1 or ease1 or com=t1 or heal?1 !y gave him some?+ bett] ?an all f\r put toge!r40 8,i ?9k10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8t y _h bett] take a *apt] (f & deal ) t40 ,says h] husb&3 8,i h a title already *os5--0 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxv ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,bull-,,dog ,j :at has a pr(essor at ,yale ,univ]sity to d ) 8! ,*ri/ian religion08 ,:at d 8! tea*+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t0 really mean to him8 ,h[ compet5t is he to judge ab\t 8ma/]s ( fiction0 :o are 8truly spiritual08 ,h[ mu* s9c]ity is !re 9 su* lit]>y criticism1 emanat+ f ! elm %ad[s ( ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut8 ,picture a great rul+-class univ]sity1 f\nd$ on 8! ,bible1 rum & nigg]s02 t is to say1 ! ,african slave-trade1 cov]$ by a mantle ( religiosity4 ,! /ud5ts at ?is univ]sity are "y ari/ocrats1 heirs-app>5t ( rul+-class families1 :o att5d 8prep0 s*ools s exclusive1 & ) s long a wait+ li/ t y h to make y\r application :5 y are born4 ,9 ^! s*ools !y 8make0 c]ta9 exclusive frat]nities1 & :5 !y come to ,yale !y 8make0 c]ta9 secret societies1 ^: _s is symboliz$ by ! 8,skull & ,bones40 ,_! o!r ideal 9 life is to w9 a?letic conte/s1 ^: temp] !y embody 9 ! 8,bull-dog40 ,! tru/ees ( ?is pi\s univ]sity y w f9d li/$ accord+ to _! economic functions 9 8,! ,goose-,/ep40 ,_! favorite alumnus1 ! high god ( ! pres5t ,yale religion is a ?ree-hundr$-p\nd plutocrat by ! "n ( ,william ,h[>d ,taft1 :o 0 made presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "s ye>s ago = ! purpose ( all[+ ! l& ?ieves to get away ) ! natural res\rces ( ,alaska4 ,hav+ fulfill$ t function = 8 class1 & hav+1 :5 he came up = re-election1 succe$$ 9 c>ry+ ! /ates ( ,v]mont & ,utah1 he 0 made *ief ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 to s]ve z a bulw>k ( ! lib]ties ( ! ,am]ican p3 ! lib]ty ( ! individual hunky & wop to negotiate indep5d5tly ) ! ,/eel ,tru/2 ! lib]ty ( railroad directors to compel _! wage-slaves to toil :5 ! wage-slaves want to re/2 ! lib]ty ( little *ildr5 ( ,georgia crack]s & ,nor? ,c>ol9a clay-eat]s to "w all night 9 cotton mills4 ,hav+ solemnly deliv]$ su* pron\ncem5ts 9 def5se ( lib]ty1 ?is all-highe/ alumnus br+s 8 ?ree hundr$ p\nds to ! comm5cem5t c]emonies1 & walks 9 solemn procession clad 9 sc>let & purple robes4 ,t is ,yale1 & ! _s ( ,yale2 ! academic apologi/ ( ! mo/ effici5t sy/em ( plund] yet se5 ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,capitali/ic exploitation is ,yale's religion2 & y w note t 9 all ess5tials x is id5tical ) ! religion ( ,rasput9 & ,ts> ,ni*olas4 ,:5 ! ts>'s armies m>*$ out to protect ! lumb] concessions ( ! gr& dukes on ! ,yalu ,riv]1 ! prie/s & ar*bi%ops 9 ! ,kreml9 (ficially bless$ ! ikons4 ,& j s d *apla9s ( ,new ,hav5 bless ! flags :5 ! ,am]ican m>9es set out to %oot up natives 9 ! ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 = fail+ to pay _! int]e/ ^u ! bonds ( ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan & 8 ,yale tru/ees4 ,?is ,new ,engl& plutocracy selects ) meticul\s c>e ! pr(essors :o tra9 its "y4 ,^! tra9]s are requir$ to be g5tlem5 ( ! mo/ extreme conv5tionality2 & !y are none ( !m drunk>ds1 & none ( !m epileptics1 & !y d n publicly manife/ _! ,*ri/ian sympa?y = pro/itutes1 h[ev] beautiful 9 _s4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y we> _! neckties exactly "r1 & und]/& & respect all ^? subtleties :i* m>k ! di/9ction betwe5 /ud5ts :o h 8made0 ! great secret societies & /ud5ts :o h fail$4 ,william ,lyon ,phelps1 8,lampson ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,lit]ature at ,yale ,univ]sity10 signs himself also 8,memb] ( ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,arts & ,lett]s10 a mo/ augu/ body ( lit]>y non5tities4 ,if anyone ( ! *>act]s 9 ! novels ( ,do/oievski 7 to accompany ,pr(essor ,phelps to "o ( ! sessions ( ?is augu/ body1 ! o!r memb]s w\ld evacuate ! hall4 ,if ,do/oievski himself 7 alive1 & writ+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates today1 ! ma/]s ( ?is augu/ body w\ld be j z apt to invite him to _! memb]%ip z !y are to invite ,!odore ,dreis] or ,%]wood ,&]son4 ,v well !n2 :at is ! purpose ( 8! ,*ri/ian religion10 :at is ! mean+ ( ! 8spirituality0 ( ,yale8 ,manife/ly1 x has no relation%ip to ! "y plutocrats ( ,new ,engl&4 ,x is an (ficial religion1 & its application is to ! weal?-produc+ classes4 ,its aim is to tea* ,am]ican wage-slaves to kiss ! h& :i* la%es !m--precisely z poor sick ,do/oievski kiss$ ! ,russian ,ts>dom4 ,x is to provide a my/ical basis = ! ,am]ican ,legion--j z ,do/oievski's glorification ( ! ,slavic s\l prep>$ ! way = ! 8,black ,hundr$s40 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,phelps says t 8! tea*+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t0 are bett] ?an all f\r ( ! gifts ( 8weal? or ease or com=t or heal?10 he is n mak+ a lit]>y criticism1 nor is he say+ any?+ t he means2 he is p$dl+ ! /&>d dope :i* prie/s & prea*]s ( rul+ classes h be5 fe$+ to ! work]s ?r\gh a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,"s "o ought to rewrite ! ,beatitudes accord+ to ! ,bull-dog40 ,says ,ogi3 8,i h put all t5 ( !m into "o4 ,x runs z foll[s3 ,bless$ are ! ri*1 = !y h inh]it$ ! e>? & y c't get x away f !m40 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxvi ,,! ,,peasant ,,c\nt ,we come n[ to ! great giant ( ! ,nor?1 ! mo/ dynamic arti/ t ,russia has produc$4 ,leo ,tol/oi1 :5 he di$1 0 n only ! greate/ lit]>y man 9 ! _w2 he 0 ! inc>nation to all mank9d ( ! ,russian g5ius & moral p[]4 ,8 books _h be5 translat$ into =ty-five languages1 & read n m]ely by ! cultur$ few b by ! great masses4 ,! revolution :i* came sev5 ye>s aft] 8 dea? did n foll[ ,tol/oi's pr9ciples1 & he w\ld h be5 %ock$ by _m aspects ( x2 nev]!less x is true t1 j z ,r\sseau br\ght on ! ,fr5* revolution1 ,tol/oi br\ght on ! ,russian revolution1 & 8 invisible _s _h mu* to d ) %ap+ x4 ,leo ,tol/oi 0 a memb] ( ! high] nobility4 ,z a lit]>y man1 !re=e1 he />t$ ) ! same advantage z ,byron2 ! critics 7 ready to read 8 "w1 ! public 0 curi\s ab\t him1 & all 8 life1 :atev] he did or said 0 8copy40 ,8 relatives & fri5ds 7 high 9 c\rt circles1 & he 0 able to speak to ! ts> :5ev] he pleas$2 !re=e he & he alone 0 above ! p[] ( ! police sy/em :i* /rangl$ ! life ( ,russia4 ,he receiv$ a good education1 accord+ to ! rul+-class /&>ds ( 8 "t1 & liv$ a life ( elegant idl5ess & dissipation4 ,b ev5 9 e>ly y\? he 0 torm5t$ by religi\s & moral que/ion+s4 ,he decid$ t he mu/ d some?+ useful1 s he became an artill]y (fic] 9 ! army ( 8 ts>4 ,"h he wrote an autobiographical /ory1 8,*ildhood10 :i* attract$ imm$iate att5tion4 ,!n came ! ,crimean w>1 & he wrote a s]ies ( pictures ( ?is conflict1 8,seva/opol10 :i* made him kn[n z a great writ]4 ,he travel$ abroad & met ,turg5ev 9 ,p>is2 b /ill 8 consci5ce tr\bl$ him1 & at ! age ( ?irty-"o he w5t back to 8 e/ate at ,yasnaya ,polyana1 & und]took ! task ( educat+ ! peasants :o till$ 8 fifte5 ?\s& acres & provid$ 8 leisure & com=t4 ,"h came ! police1 dur+ 8 abs5ce1 & se>*$ 8 h\se & clos$ ! s*ool4 ,9 ^? days ,tol/oi 0 an artill]y (fic]1 & n a ,*ri/ian pacifi/2 he s5t ^w to ! ts> by 8 aunt t he 0 arm$1 & if ! police came to 8 e/ate aga9 he w\ld %oot ! fir/ "o :o ent]$ ! h\se4 ,tol/oi m>ri$1 & rais$ a l>ge family ^u ?is e/ate4 ,8 wife 0 a devot$ admir] ( 8 lit]>y "w1 & copi$ 8 manuscripts _m times ov] ) inf9ite pa9s4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #ahfe-fi he wrote 8,w> & ,peace10 :i* mo/ critics consid] "o ( ! great novels ( ! _w4 ,i w m]ely record my regrets4 ,!re are a va/ numb] ( *>act]s1 scatt]$ all ov] ,russia2 ea* "* has sev]al long ,russian names1 &1 accord+ to ,russian cu/om1 w be call$ diff]5t names by diff]5t gr\ps ( p]sons--to say no?+ ( dim9utives & nick-names4 ,i labor$ dilig5tly to keep track ( ^! *>act]s1 to rememb] :i* 0 :i* & :at ea* 0 do+2 b ,i fail$4 ,next came 8,anna ,k>59a03 a sort ( ,russian high-society v]sion ( 8,! ,sc>let ,lett]40 ,anna is a woman :o has be5 sold 9 ! usual way to an eld]ly g5tleman2 %e is a cont5t$ wife1 until %e meets a "y cavalry (fic] :om %e truly loves4 ,in/ead ( engag+ 9 a polite intrigue1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( h] "t1 ,anna takes ! new love affair m s]i\sly ?an %e takes h] m>riage1 & s ,tol/oi drives h] & h] lov] to suicide4 ,?is h>%ness greatly %ock$ ! critics ( ! "t1 :o said t ,tol/oi 0 8kill+ flies ) an ax40 ,!re are sev]al attitudes "o c take to ! problem ( ! 8et]nal triangle40 ,y c say1 z polite society said all ov] ,europe1 & /ill says1 t adult]\s intrigue is a small matt]1 provid$ y make a pret5se ( hid+ x4 ,or y may say ) me1 t :5 a m>ri$ woman f9ds %e truly & deeply loves ano!r man1 x is h] duty to get a divorce & m>ry ! man %e loves4 ,or y may say1 ) mo/ ( ! 8heavy0 noveli/s1 t !re is no?+ = ! v>i\s *>act]s to d b to die horrid dea?s4 ,tol/oi 0 on ! way to ! great crisis ( 8 life1 a spiritual conv]sion :i* involv$ a complete repudiation ( ! sexual elem5t 9 love4 ,he decid$ t x 0 ! duty ( m5 & wom5 to repress _! physical desires & become inspir$ ,*ri/ian ascetics4 ,:5 p ask$ him h[1 9 t ev5t1 ! human race 0 to cont9ue to be propagat$1 8 answ] 0 t we didn't h to worry ab\t t1 because s few p w\ld be able to practice ! code he laid d[n4 ,x is difficult to see h[ a moral tea*] c\ld advance a doctr9e m obvi\sly absurd ?an t4 ,! bett] elem5ts ( ! race are to /]ilize !mselves1 & po/]ity is to be begott5 by weakl+s & consci\s s9n]s6 ,!re is only "o possible explanation ( su* a doctr9e2 x is ! reaction ( a man ^: passions are beyond 8 control4 ,we "k t su* 0 ! case ) ,tol/oi2 he 0 a gross man1 & ,gorki reports t ev5 9 8 old age 8 conv]sation 0 unbe>ably obsc5e1 & 8 attitude t[>d wom5 l[4 ,su* a man c conceive ( asceticism1 b he _c conceive ( true idealism 9 ! sex relation%ip4 ,if ,tol/oi's conv]sion _h _h to d ) sex matt]s alone1 x w\ld h _h b little significance4 ,b x 0 some?+ f> great] ?an t2 x 0 ! cry ( angui% ( a memb] ( ! privileg$ classes1 :o realiz$ t 8 :ole life1 all 8 equipm5t ( leisure & k & p[]1 0 made out ( ! blood & sweat & te>s ( ! debas$ masses ( 8 ,russian p4 ,he want$ to give up 8 l&$ e/ates1 & live z a peasant1 & return to ! work]s :at he _h tak5 f !m4 ,b1 alas1 9 ! meantime he _h rais$ a l>ge family1 & ?is family _h some?+ to say ab\t ! matt]4 ,! ,c\ntess ,tol/oi _h be5 h] husb&'s devot$ help]1 s long z he 0 cont5t to rema9 a lit]>y man2 b :5 he want$ to become a prophet & a sa9t1 %e ?\ght he 0 mad4 ,%e _h ! *ildr5 to look out =1 & ! *ildr51 ( c\rse1 want$ to gr[ up z _! fa!r _h done1 9 ! great _w ( pleasure & fa%ion4 ,tol/oi himself retir$ to live 9 a hut2 he put on peasant's clo!s & sp5t 8 "t cobbl+ %oes4 ,he gave up 8 copyrights1 b he c\ld nev] get ! c\rage to give up 8 l&2 s he cont9u$ to gr[ ri*1 9 spite ( all 8 agoniz$ prea*+s1 & ! balance ( 8 life 0 cont9u\s contradiction & di%>mony4 ,9 ! end he c\ld /& x no long]2 he saw 8 *ildr5 qu>rel+ ov] ! prop]ty1 l s _m birds ( prey ov] a c>cass1 & s he w5t out f 8 home1 ) no "o b 8 secret>y4 ,= a "t no "o knew :]e he 01 & at la/ he 0 discov]$1 ill & dy+4 ,8 flight 0 "o ( ! great ge/ures ( hi/ory1 & ! sc5es :i* took place ab\t 8 dea?-b$ summ$ up 9 dramatic =m all ! conflict+ =ces ( ! "t4 ,tol/oi _h repudiat$ ! ,russian *ur* z a creature ( sup]/ition & exploitation4 ,he _h gone back to primitive ,*ri/ianity1 & ! *ur* _h excommunicat$ him4 ,n[1 :5 he 0 dy+1 !y want$ to get him back1 realiz+ t _! v exi/5ce dep5d$ ^u x4 ,if !y c\ld n p]suade him to confess & rep5t1 !y w\ld lie ab\t x1 & say t he _h done s1 z or?odox *ur*es h done = _m o!r great h]etics4 ,s "h 7 ,tol/oi's fri5ds1 m\nt+ gu>d 9 ! railroad /ation :]e he lay dy+1 to keep ! prie/s & ! bi%ops away6 ,& "h also 7 ! police ag5ts & spies1 a sw>m ( v]m91 pry+ into ! affairs ( e p]son ab\t ! dea?-b$1 & telegraph+ 9 panic to headqu>t]s = in/ructions4 ,:5 ! great s\l _h pass$ on1 & ! body _h to be mov$1 "s /ud5ts tri$ to s+ a hymn1 & !re 7 ! usual sc5es ( brutality to :i* ! ,russian p 7 accu/om$4 ,tol/oi _h met "s ( ! revolutioni/s ( 8 "t1 b _h be5 cold to !m2 he 0 n int]e/$ 9 politics1 only 9 religi\s & moral que/ions4 ,8 conv]sion fir/ took ! =m ( absolute non-resi/ance to evil4 ,lat] on he came to modify x to ! doctr9e :i* ,g&hi is n[ spread+ ?r\gh\t all ,asia1 8non-viol5t resi/ance40 ,y %all n use physical =ce aga9/ y\r enemy1 b y oppose him by ^w & tea*+1 by y\r p[] ( endurance & ( moral conviction2 s y %ame him1 or r\se ! moral =ces ( ! :ole _w to rebuke him4 ,tol/oi appli$ t treatm5t to ! /ate *ur* & to ! police4 ,( c\rse1 if he _h be5 a peasant or a work+man1 or ev5 a poor /ud5t or lit]>y man1 he w\ld h be5 beat5 to dea? ) ! kn\t1 or %ipp$ (f to ,sib]ia to p]i% 9 a convict camp4 ,b he 0 a memb] ( ! nobility1 & 8 family influ5ce protect$ him1 until he _h become s fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w t he 0 great] ?an ! ,ts>dom itself4 ,9 8 la/ ye>s he liv$ z a maje/ic symbol ( ! prote/ ( ! ,russian p2 he p\r$ out argum5ts aga9/ w>1 aga9/ gov]nm5t cruelty1 aga9/ l&lordism1 aga9/ prie/craft2 & all ! p[]s ( d>kness 9 ,russia did n d>e to lay a f+] ^u him4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s he wrote sev]al novels1 "o ( :i* ,i p]sonally consid] 8 greate/4 ,?is is 8,resurrection10 :i* tells ! /ory ( a "y ,russian nobleman :o s$uces a peasant girl1 & lat] on 9 life discov]s h] z a pro/itute4 ,he becomes consci5ce-/rick5 because ( :at he has done1 & sets out to r$eem h]1 foll[s h] to ,sib]ia & saves h]1 & 9 ! end !y live t life ( bro!rly & si/]ly love :i* ,tol/oi _h come to prea*4 ,?is /ory conta9s frightful pictures ( ! :ole ,russian sy/em2 x 0 translat$ into an imm5se numb] ( languages1 & x probably did m ?an any o!r "o book to und]m9e ! ,ts>dom4 ,tol/oi publi%$ a "w ( criticism1 & "s p ?9k t ,i got my ideas f x4 ,!re=e1 let me say t if y want to f9d ! g]m ( 8,mammon>t10 y w d bett] to consult ,walt ,:itman's 8,democratic ,vi/as10 publi%$ a g5]ation be=e ,tol/oi's "w4 ,! !sis ( ,tol/oi's 8,:at is ,art80 resembles m9e 9 j "o p>ticul>2 t is1 we bo? believe t art has to d ) moral que/ions--a belief :i* we %>e ) ,aes*ylus & ,sophocles & ,eurip$es & ,ari/ophanes & ,virgil & ,dante & ,c]vantes & ,moli]e & ,victor ,hugo & ,do/oievski & ,t5nyson & ,ibs5--& s on ?r\gh a long li/ ( p]sons /ill to be consid]$4 ,b f :at po9t ( view %all ! arti/ approa* morality8 ,tol/oi answ]s z "o :o di/ru/s ! intellect1 di/ru/s sci5ce1 & has no use = or belief 9 progress1 :e!r social or political or intellectual4 ,he believes t ! "o basis ( hope = human be+s is 9 a return to ! primitive1 elem5tal =ms ( life2 he wants art to conf9e itself to ^? simple emotions :i* c be und]/ood by ! un$ucat$ peasant4 ,i %\ld say t ! easie/ way to make pla9 8 !sis w\ld be to *ange 8 title f 8,:at ,is ,art80 to 8,:at ,is ,*ildr5's ,art80 ,:atev] faults ! critic may h to f9d ) 8,mammon>t10 ,i beg him to realize t its au?or is n a primitive ,*ri/ian1 b a sci5tific ,sociali/2 "o :o welcomes ! a*ievem5ts ( ! human intellect1 & looks =w>d to a complex social ord]1 & to social art :i* w possess an int5sity & subtlety beyond ! p[] ( compreh5sion1 n m]ely ( ,russian peasants1 b ( ! exclusive & fa/idi\s individuali/ culture ( our "t4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxvii ,,heada*es ,,& ,,dyspepsia ,we left ! ,fr5* novel 9 ! h&s ( ,flaub]t4 ,we return n[ to consid] ! influ5ce ( two ,fr5* writ]s1 :o f\nd$ ! s*ool kn[n z 8naturalism40 ,!y 7 contempor>ies ( ,flaub]t1 b _! influ5ce c\nt$ lat]1 = ! reason t recognition 0 s long delay$4 ,jules & ,edmond de ,gonc\rt 7 bro!rs1 :o collaborat$ 9 writ+ to su* an ext5t t !y became z "o m9d & "o p54 ,jules1 ! y\ng]1 di$ at ! age ( =ty2 8 bro!r liv$ to old age4 ,!y came ( an ari/ocratic family1 & inh]it$ a compet5ce2 !y 7 ba*elors & semi-invalids1 & devot$ !mselves to ! cause ( art ) a k9d ( ascetic fr5zy4 ,!y believ$ t true art c\ld be und]/ood only by arti/s2 b !y a*iev$ greatness 9 spite ( t !ory1 because ( ! int5sity ( _! s5sibility1 & ! vitality !y gave to ! creatures ( _! bra94 ,x 0 ! ,gonc\rts :o fir/ us$ ! t]m 8naturalism40 ,x 0 _! idea t *>act]s are built up & a /ory made real by inf9ite att5tion to detail4 ,no attempt mu/ be made to g5]alize1 y mu/ deal ) ! p>ticul>1 & y mu/ make t p>ticul> kn[n by ! mass+ ( ext]nal circum/ance4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be subord9at$ to t purpose2 ! /yle mu/ be flexible1 x mu/1 l ! music ( ! ,wagn]ian op]a1 *ange at e mom5t1 accord+ to ! sc5e x portrays4 ,^! writ]s broke all ! rules ( ,fr5* lit]>y elegance1 !y us$ b>b>\s & =bidd5 words1 s ! critics ridicul$ !m1 & ! academy ( ,ri*elieu spurn$ !m1 & !y _h to />t an academy ( _! own4 ,_! fir/ "w ( significance 0 8,g]m9ie ,lac]teux10 :i* tells ! life hi/ory ( a ,fr5* s]v+-maid4 ,:y %\ld ! g5teel art ( fiction /oop to su* a h]o9e8 ,! au?ors answ] ?is "q 9 a preface3 ,liv+ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 at a "t ( univ]sal suffrage1 & democracy1 & lib]alism1 we ask$ ourselves :e!r :at are call$ 8! l[] ord]s0 _h no claim ^u ! ,novel2 :e!r ! p--?is _w b5ea? a _w--7 to rema9 "u ! lit]>y ban & disda9 ( au?ors :o h hi!rto ma9ta9$ sil5ce reg>d+ any s\l & he>t t !y might possess4 ,we ask$ ourselves :e!r1 9 ^! days ( equality1 !re are /ill = writ] & read] unwor?y classes1 mis=tunes t are too l[1 dramas too f\l-m\!d1 cata/rophes too base 9 _! t]ror4 ,we became curi\s to "k :e!r ,trag$y1 t conv5tional =m ( a =gott5 lit]ature & a vani%$ society1 0 f9ally dead2 :e!r1 9 a c\ntry devoid ( ca/e & legal ari/ocracy1 ! mis]ies ( ! l[ly & ! poor w\ld speak to int]e/1 to emotion1 to pity1 z l\dly z ! mis]ies ( ! great & ri*2 :e!r1 9 a ^w1 ! te>s t are wept bel[ c\ld provoke weep+ l ^? t are wept above4 ,fiction _h dealt ) s]v+-maids be=e ?is2 = example1 ! h]o9e ( ! fir/ great ,engli% novel1 ,pamela1 occupies t /ation4 ,b ,pamela is an innoc5t *ild1 & our int]e/ is 9 see+ h] rais$ to ! /atus ( a lady4 ,! ,gonc\rts d n tell t k9d ( /ory3 q ! contr>y1 _! s]v+-maid s9ks to ! dep?s ( degradation4 ,! only o!r noveli/ ( ?is "t :o 0 writ+ ab\t su* 8l[ life0 0 ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,he w tell y ab\t pov]ty1 he w ev5 tell y ab\t s$uction1 & ! suff]+s ( a s$uc$ woman2 b always he is a ,victorian g5tleman1 rememb]+ :at is prop] = "y girls to read4 ,! ,fr5* writ]s1 on ! o!r h&1 take up ! sexual conduct & feel+s ( _! wom5 9 ! _s ( a m$ical cl9ic2 !y make x a matt] ( honor to sp>e y no mo/ hide\s detail1 & if y g ) !m y w le>n all !re is to "k ab\t sexual pa?ology4 ,n[ ?is degradation exi/s 9 ! _w1 & x is ! duty ( e ?9k+ man & woman to "k ab\t x2 to %r9k f kn[+1 or f tell+ o!rs ab\t x1 is to evade our m5tal duty4 ,b :5 we h acquir$ ?is k--:5 we h visit$ ! hospitals & ! jails & ! bro!ls & ! morgues--our m9ds are automatically l$ to ! "q3 :at is to be done ab\t x8 ,n to foll[ ?is impulse is to be m5tally incompet5t or morally diseas$4 ,& t is :]e we "p company ) ! ,gonc\rt bro!rs & _! !ory ( art4 ,we le>n f !m all ab\t ! exp]i5ces ( a ,p>is pro/itute2 we le>n ! details ( ! life ( a "y society girl1 br\ght up 9 a hot-h\se environm5t1 a prey to abnormal crav+s2 we le>n ! symptoms ( religi\s pa?ology1 ! half-s5su\s hy/]ia ( a woman 9 ! toils ( ,ca?olic prie/craft4 ,!re are eight or t5 su* novels1 ea* deal+ ) a diff]5t assortm5t ( abnormalities2 b n[h]e 9 ^! books is !re a h9t ( any?+ to be done1 :e!r by individual conv]sion1 ! r5ewal ( ! moral =ces1 or by political & economic readju/m5ts4 ,all su* ?+s are rigidly exclud$ by ! 8naturali/0 =mula2 & x is ess5tial to get cle> t ! ,gonc\rt bro!rs1 :o made ! =mula1 made x because !y 7 sick & impot5t m51 ! victims ( a decad5t /age ( civilization4 ,!y ?\ght !y 7 giv+ u sci5tific reports ^u human life1 :5 z a matt] ( fact :at !y 7 giv+ u 7 ! by-products ( _! own heada*es & dyspepsias4 ,!y toil$ ) ! devotion ( m>tyrs to report e quiv] ( _! n]v\s s5sibility2 ,edmond wat*$ ,jules :ile ,jules 0 dy+--,jules ev5 wat*$ himself--9 ord] to report ! details ( ?is exp]i5ce4 ,nei!r ( !m realiz$ t1 mu* z ! _w may ne$ in=mation ab\t ! s5sations ( dy+1 x has ev5 m ne$ ( in=mation ab\t h[ to live4 ,z = ! ,gonc\rt bro!rs1 :at !y ne$$ 0 fre% air & ex]cise4 ,fiction1 accord+ to ?is 8naturali/0 =mula1 0 to become 8exact sci5ce40 ,b !n1 !re are _m k9ds ( sci5ce4 ,x is sci5ce to put a beetle "u ! microscope1 & diagram ! epid]mal cells 9 its c>apace4 ,b sci5ce does n /op ) su* obs]vation2 x goes on to exp]im5t4 ,suppos+ ?is beetle be dy$ p9k2 w !re be any trace ( p9k 9 its (fspr+1 & does t prove ! transmission ( acquir$ *>act]i/ics8 ,we h "h 9 ,cali=nia a plant wiz>d :o raises fields ( fl[]s & fruits & vegetables4 ,he is n cont5t to accumulate facts ab\t !m1 b proce$s to alt] !m--to make cactus )\t sp9es1 & blackb]ries z big z y\r ?umb1 & :eat t is ru/-pro( & pea*es t are scale-pro(4 ,w "s memb] ( ! ,gonc\rt ,academy expla9 :y ! 8exact sci5ce0 ( fiction writ+ might n include an ef=t to free human be+s f alcoholism & syphilis8 ,z x happ5$1 ! greate/ disciple ( ! ,gonc\rt bro!rs1 ! man :o took up _! =mula & us$ x to make himself ! mo/ widely read ( all ,fr5* noveli/s1 came 9 ! end to ?is v conclusion1 & evolv$ into a morali/ z int5se & det]m9$ z ,tol/oi4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxviii ,,! ,,tr\ghs ,,( ,,zolaism ,emile ,zola 0 left an orphan 9 *ildhood1 & exp]i5c$ bitt] pov]ty4 ,he began "w z a bundle-cl]k 9 a publi%+ h\se1 & tra9$ himself to be a writ] at night4 ,he knew :at x 0 to be half-/>v$1 & to write 9 b$ ) 8 f+]s freez+ 9 an unheat$ room4 ,8 /ruggle = recognition 0 long2 = m ?an a score ( ye>s he wrote pot-boil]s )\t success4 ,b he _h fai? 9 8 own g5ius1 he 0 a /ubborn plodd]1 & 9 8 grim1 sob] fa%ion he work$ 8 way to ! top4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy ?is ,fr5*man's "n 0 a synonym = ev]y?+ loa?some2 ,t5nyson wrote ab\t 8wall[+ 9 ! tr\ghs ( ,zolaism40 ,?is writ] _h us$ words nev] be=e us$ 9 lit]ature1 & describ$ actions nev] be=e describ$2 ! critics c\ld f9d b "o explanation--t he 0 a vile-m9d$ wret*4 ,b 9 fact he 0 "o ( ! mo/ consci5ti\s writ]s & mo/ det]m9$ re=m]s t ev] liv$4 ,he wrote t 8#8l',assommoir' is morality 9 action 444 ! fir/ /ory ( ! p t has ! true sc5t ( ! p40 ,& he add$3 8,i d n def5d myself1 my "w w def5d me4 ,x is a true book40 ,he _h set himself to tell ! full tru? ab\t ! _w 9 :i* he liv$2 to portray x z x actually 01 bo? high & l[1 )\t m]cy1 )\t fe> or %ame1 )\t sp>+ ! hide\s facts4 ,hav+ su* a picture be=e y1 y might make :at y pleas$ ( x2 y might become a cynic or a s5suali/1 a sa9t or a revolutioni/2 b until y _h ! facts1 h[ c\ld y judge :at y ought to become8 ,he plann$ a trem5d\s "w1 to consi/ ( m ?an a score ( volumes1 ! 8,r\gon-,macqu>t s]ies10 to tell ! hi/ory ( a family "u ! ,second ,empire4 ,we are back 9 ! "t ( ,napoleon ! ,little1 :5 ,victor ,hugo 0 driv5 into exile1 & ! ,fr5* b\rgeoisie set up _! puppet emp]or4 ,zola _h imbib$ ! mat]iali/ic sci5ce ( 8 "t2 he believ$ t human life 0 det]m9$ by h]$ity1 & he wi%$ to exhibit ?is =ce work+ 9 society4 ,he *ose two p suff]+ f a n]v\s disease1 & %[$ _! desc5dants1 ! ri* ones plund]+ & squ&]+1 ! poor ones sunk 9 drunk5ness & degradation4 ,= ye>s ! critics spurn$ ^! books1 & ! public neglect$ !m2 b at la/ came a ma/]piece1 8l',assommoir10 :i* _h an enorm\s sale4 ,! title means1 lit]ally1 8,! ,slaught]-,h\se02 x is ! "n ( a saloon 9 ! work+-class qu>t] ( ,p>is1 :]e ! poor are lur$ to _! doom4 ,x has be5 j tw5ty-five ye>s s9ce ,i read ?is book1 b ,i /ill see ! procession ( gha/ly sc5es3 ! poor woman slave 9 a laundry1 ! husb& a h\se-pa9t]1 & _! brood ( wret*$1 neglect$ *ildr54 ,i gasp z ,i see ! pa9t] slip & fall f ! ro( to 8 dea?2 ,i %udd] z ,i see ! *ild ,nana1 peep+ ?r\gh ! key-hole at ! obsc5ities h] p>5ts are committ+4 ,zola has no graces ( /yle1 no *>ms ( p]sonality1 no humor1 h>dly ev5 any s5tim5t4 ,he is hag-ridd5 by ! mis]y ( ! mod]n _w1 & 9 plodd+1 matt]-(-fact1 rel5tless fa%ion he proce$s to ov]:elm y ) a mass ( facts4 ,a few su* facts y might evade1 b ! sum ( !m is irresi/ible2 y "k t ?is is ! tru?4 ,ov] ! :ole picture y feel ! brood+ pity ( a ma/] _s1 to :om ^! suff]+ millions are an obsession1 haunt+ 8 imag9ation & driv+ him to 8 task4 ,!re are no h]oes & no h]o9es 9 ,zola's works2 8 h]o is ! human sw>ms :o bre$ l flies 9 our teem+ cities1 & /ruggle & suff] & p]i%1 )\t ev] a gleam ( und]/&+ ( _! fate4 ,he takes u into ! m9+ c\ntry1 & 9 8,g]m9al0 %[s u ! slaves ( ! pits1 coal-black5$ hordes1 />v+1 oppress$1 poison$ by alcohol1 surg+ up 9 a bl9d fury ( revolt4 ,9 8,nana0 he %[s u pro/itution2 & to me ?is is ! mo/ frightful book ( all--! life-/ory ( ! little girl :om we saw gett+ h] fir/ lessons 9 vice ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,?is daught] ( ! work+ class becomes _! in/rum5t ( v5geance ^u ! exploit]s2 a s$uctress1 a wanton1 lur+ m5 old & "y to _! doom1 %e is a k9d ( symbol ( wa/efulness4 ,h] life becomes a fr5zy ( de/ruction2 silks1 jewels1 food & w9e are p\r$ ^u h] 9 floods1 & %e ?r[s !m ab\t l a drunk5 giant wreck+ a city4 ,:ile %e lies dy+ ( small-pox1 we he> ! mob outside %riek+3 8,to ,b]l96 ,to ,b]l960 ,! ,franco-,prussian w> is on1 & ,napoleon ! ,little is ab\t to try out 8 dream ( glory1 & provide ,zola ) ! !me = yet ano!r ma/]piece1 8,! ,d[nfall10 %[+ w> ) all its horror ( mass suff]+ & national collapse4 ,zola1 rav$ at & prosecut$ z a s5sationali/ & corrupt]1 _h n[ become a national figure2 & he met ?is responsibility by evolv+ f a mat]iali/ & fatali/ into a sci5tific ,sociali/1 a rationali/ & prea*] ( humanity4 ,he wrote ?ree long novels1 8,l\rdes10 8,rome0 & 8,p>is10 :i* expos$ ! *ur* z a bulw>k ( h]$it>y privilege1 & became ! text-books ( anti-cl]icalism 9 ,france4 ,!n came ! ,dreyfus case1 call+ = a h]o to c>ry ! anti-cl]ical bann] into action2 & ! man ) ! sew] "n came =w>d to answ] ! call4 ,france _h become a republic1 b ! army _h rema9$ mon>*i/ & cl]ical4 ,"s ( ^! pi\s ari/ocrats1 ne$+ money to lavi% on _! ,nanas1 _h be5 sell+ army secrets to ,g]many1 & 7 caught4 ,!y decid$ to put ! blame ^u a c]ta9 cavalry (fic]1 :o happ5$ to be guilty ( a q diff]5t crime1 t ( be+ a ,jew4 ,capta9 ,dreyfus 0 convict$1 & s5t5c$ to life imprisonm5t 9 ! convict settlem5t on ,devil's ,isl&4 ,ano!r (fic]1 :o inve/igat$ ! case & attempt$ to def5d ,dreyfus1 0 %ipp$ (f to ,africa4 ,x 0 ne>ly a hundr$ & fifty ye>s s9ce ,voltaire _h made 8 fight 9 ! ,calas case2 & "h 0 8l',infame0 at ! same old game ( ! 8frame-up40 ,zola came =w>d ) a t]rific *all5ge entitl$ 8,j',accuse40 ,he 0 arre/$1 tri$ & convict$1 & escap$ f ,france4 ,= ye>s ?is ,dreyfus case rema9$ an int]national sc&al1 & f9ally x 0 prov$ t ! docum5ts us$ aga9/ ,zola _h be5 =g$1 & lat] on "o ( ! guilty m5 committ$ suicide1 & ,dreyfus 0 releas$ & re9/at$4 ,z ,i write ?is book ! pap]s record t ,premi] ,h]riot has aboli%$ ! p5al settlem5t on ,devil's ,isl&1 & s ,zola's task is complet$4 ,he _h n[ become ! lead] ( ! ,fr5* masses 9 ! w> aga9/ reaction2 & 8 la/ novels 7 tracts writt5 9 ?is cause4 ,9 8,labor0 he portrays 8 ideal ( ! free m5 & wom5 ( ! revolution>y movem5t1 liv+ frugal & ab/emi\s lives1 & consecrat+ !mselves to ! cause ( human emancipation4 ,ano!r1 call$ 8,tru?10 deals ) ! ,dreyfus case4 ,ano!r _h be5 plann$1 8,ju/ice10 b ?is he did n live to write4 ,9 all ^! works y notice t ! old !ories ( mat]iali/ic sci5ce h be5 modifi$ en\gh to p]mit m5 to fight = tru? & fre$om2 & s ,emile ,zola %>es ) ,walt ,:itman ! rle ( prophet ( democracy4 ,he s]v$ ! masses ev5 bett] ?an ,:itman1 because he a*iev$ complete insight into ! economic =ces ( mod]n times1 & po9t$ out to ! p ! exact road !y _h to travel4 ,m ?an any o!r arti/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury he voic$ & guid$ ! movem5t ( prolet>ian revolt1 ! mass action ( ! work]s ( factory & f>m to :om ! future belongs4 ,,*apt] ,,lxxxix ,,! ,,sportive ,,demon ,:at w\ld ,zola & 8 naturalism h be5 )\t social vision & revolution>y hope8 ,?is "q 0 answ]$ = u by a disciple & fri5d ( ,zola1 t5 ye>s 8 junior1 :o proce$$ to make a laboratory te/4 ,guy de ,maupassant 0 a heal?y "y ,norman animal1 :o came up to ,p>is to make 8 way z a j\rnali/4 ,he 0 a trem5d\s work]2 9 ! c\rse ( 8 %ort life he wrote six novels & two hundr$ & twelve %ort /ories4 ,he made himself ma/] ( ! latt] =m1 & has _h a dom9at+ influ5ce ^u x4 ,no "o has be5 able to pack m mean+ into a brief episode1 to give y ! :ole life & import ( a "* 9 a c\ple ( ?\s& words4 ,!re=e all "y writ]s ( %ort /ories g to s*ool to him4 ,:at has he to give !m--aside f ! tricks ( ! trade8 ,maupassant himself w\ld h answ]$3 ,no?+4 ,= he 0 "o ( ! fight+ art-=-art's-sak]s1 to :om ! idea ( morality 9 an art-"w is an insult4 ,b ! fact is t he has a propag&a1 z def9ite1 z deeply felt1 z p]si/5tly hamm]$ home z t ( a tub-?ump] l ,john ,bunyan or a prophet l ,tol/oi4 ,8 message is t life is a *eat & a sn>e1 & t human be+s are bea/s deck$ 9 f9e clo?+ & pret5ses4 ,maupassant dislikes !m s t he eats himself up4 ,he tries to believe 9 play1 9 natural1 animal enjoym5t ( ! passions2 b in/ead ( be+ cont5t ) su* pleasures1 he %uts himself up l a h]mit 9 a cell1 to acquire ma/]y ( a difficult art1 & h ! satisfaction be=e he dies ( voic+ 8 hatr$ ( t fate1 :atev] x may be1 :i* has creat$ 8 own life1 & ! b\rgeois ,france :i* he sees ab\t him4 ,maupassant wat*es ) eag] eye & al]t fancy = a sc5e1 an episode1 a trait ( "*1 :i* w enable him to illu/rate ! pett9ess & ignom9y ( human de/9y1 & ! falsity ( man's dignities & honors4 ,he collects su* ?+s1 z a naturali/ collects bit+ bugs & /++ s]p5ts4 ,8 *>act]s are ! ,fr5* peasants ) _! gre$ & cruelty1 & ! ,fr5* b\rgeois & cultur$ classes1 :o1 und]nea? _! silks & sat9s1 _! moralities & intellectualities1 are ! same vile animals z ! peasants4 ,b ,maupassant's qu>rel is n m]ely ) m5 & wom52 x is ) life itself4 ,! ?+ :i* br+s him ! ke5e/ satisfaction is an incid5t :i* %[s ! futility ev5 ( virtue2 :i* exhibits ,god z a sportive demon1 amus+ himself by pull+ (f ! w+s ( ! butt]flies he has creat$4 ,out ( ! two hundr$ & twelve specim5s 9 ! ,maupassant museum1 any "o w suffice4 ,i *oose "o call$ 8,! ,necklace10 simply because x has /ay$ 9 my memory = tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,a lovely woman1 m>ri$ to a poor cl]k1 & liv+ a />v$ life1 borr[s f a weal?y fri5d a beautiful diamond necklace1 9 ord] to make a %[ at "s function4 ,%e loses ! necklace1 & %e & h] husb& pl$ge ev]y?+ !y own1 buy ano!r to replace x1 & take x to ! own] )\t reveal+ :at has happ5$4 ,= t5 ye>s !y slave & drudge to pay (f _! debts1 & ! lovely woman is turn$ into a hagg>d wreck4 ,! fri5d :o loan$ ! necklace meets h]1 & is horrifi$ at h] condition2 ! poor woman tells h[ %e has drudg$ all ^! ye>s--& le>ns t %e has wa/$ h] life 9 ord] to replace an imitation necklace1 ( no value wor? consid]+6 ,!re is subtlety 9 ! te*nique ( ,maupassant1 b none 9 8 view ( life4 ,!re c be no subtlety1 :5 y lay d[n ! law t human be+s are bea/s4 ,!re are only a few bea/ emotions1 & !y nev] v>y2 y c always be sure :at a man w d 9 ! pres5ce ( a woman1 & :at ! woman w let him d4 ,& :5 ,god is a sportive demon1 all /ories h ! same end+4 ,y may n =esee ! p>ticul> trick ?is demon w play--= example1 t ! lo/ necklace w\ld turn out to h be5 pa/e--b y c be sure t some?+ w happ5 to make a mock]y ( all human ef=t & hope4 ,& likewise y c =esee ! end+ ( su* a man4 ,if he takes life s]i\sly en\gh to become a great arti/1 he is apt to take x s]i\sly en\gh to act ^u 8 convictions4 ,he w seek refuge f despair 9 debau*]y & dr9k2 n f9d+ x1 he w g on to opium & ha%i%4 ,he w be "o ( ^? :o f fe> ( dea? commit suicide1 or :o f brood+ ov] insanity g insane4 ,maupassant 0 9 a /rait-jacket at ! age ( =ty2 ?us prov+ himself a morali/1 & a tea*] ( preci\s lessons3 m ?an we c say ab\t ! art dilettanti ( our own "t1 :o write delicately p]fum$ impropriety1 & live conv5tional & pamp]$ lives ^u ! backs ( ! work+ class4 ,,*apt] ,,xc ,,! ,,foe ,,( ,,=mulas ,up 9 ! gloomy1 ice-b\nd ,nor?1 :]e m5 dream ab\t ,god & dr9k /rong liquor1 ano!r tea*] 0 engag$ 9 und]m9+ b\rgeois morality1 & rais+ a /orm ( controv]sy ab\t 8 head4 ,! "n ( ,h5rik ,ibs5 br+s be=e u a grim-fac$ old man ) set m\? & l>ge spectacles & a fr+e ( defiant :ite :isk]s4 ,he 0 a fight+ man1 a dogmatic antidogmati/1 a propag&i/ if ev] !re 0 "o 9 ! field ( art4 ,he also 0 born ( ! p1 & educat$ 9 ! s*ool ( h>d%ip4 ,he 0 an apo!c>y's assi/ant 9 a small ,norwegian port1 !n a poor /ud5t1 j\rnali/ & poet1 !n ! director ( a prov9cial !at]1 :i* /ruggl$ = six ye>s 9 a va9 fight aga9/ bankruptcy4 ,f9ally1 at ! age ( ?irty-eight1 ,ibs5 receiv$ a p5sion ( f\r or five hundr$ doll>s a ye> f ! k+1 & on ?is he liv$ a /]n1 p5uri\s life1 rais+ a family1 sew+ ! buttons on 8 own clo!s1 & mak+ ov] ! !at] & ! moral ideas ( ! ?9k+ _w4 ,except = "s pot-boil]s writt5 9 8 y\?1 all ! works ( ,ibs5 h "o !me1 ! problem ( ideals 9 relation to reality4 ,m5 & wom5 =m a conception ( "r conduct1 & !y try to apply x1 & x doesn't "w out z x is suppos$ to2 9 mo/ ( ,ibs5's plays x works out exactly ! opposite way4 ,8 !sis is t life _c be guid$ by =mulas2 ^? ( democracy are j z dang]\s z ^? ( au?ority2 ei!r w de/roy y if y apply !m bl9dly4 ,ibs5 is 9 revolt aga9/ religi\s cre$s & social conv5tions :i* repress ! individual & ?w>t 8 full developm5t4 ,b y mu/ n assume t he is will+ to make a =mula out ( self-realization2 /raightway he w turn ab\t & %[ y "s selfi% egoti/ engag$ 9 realiz+ himself & wreck+ ev]yone else4 ,ibs5 wrote two long poems1 8,br&0 & 8,pe] ,gynt10 into :i* he put ideas resembl+ ^? ( 8,don ,quixote40 ,br& is a ,norwegian prea*]1 :o has 8 =mula ( p]fect righte\sness1 ! sacrifice ( ! individual to ,god4 ,he acts z bl9dly z ,don ,quixote tilt+ at w9d-mills1 & de/roys a numb] ( p1 himself includ$4 8,pe] ,gynt10 on ! o!r h&1 is a scamp :o1 l ,san*o ,panza1 fools himself by ^? v qualities ( :i* he is mo/ pr\d1 8 ability to take c>e ( himself1 8 unwill+ness to consid] any?+ b 8 own int]e/4 ,ibs5 also fell "u ! spell ( gloomy mat]iali/ic sci5ce4 ,l ,maupassant1 he sees m5 z ! sport ( circum/ances4 ,! diff]5ce is t he believes1 9 spite ( 8 !ories1 9 fight+ aga9/ circum/ance1 & 8 :ole be+ is absorb$ 9 ! task ( help+ m5 & wom5 to fight wisely & effectively4 ,he took ! ,fr5* device ( ! 8well-made play10 a simple1 unadorn$ picture ( reality1 compress+ a great mass ( "* & incid5t into a small space4 ,he us$ ?is art =m to deal1 n ) ! great _w ( fa%ion1 b ) ! middle-class p he knew 9 small ,norwegian t[ns3 doctors & lawy]s & cl]gym5 & m]*ants1 ) _! wives & sons & daught]s4 ,!y are wret*$ly unhappy p1 & ,ibs5 %[s h[ !y make _! own unhapp9ess1 because _! ideas are false1 because !y are slaves ( traditions :i* h no relation to pres5t-day reality4 8,! ,pill>s ( ,society0 tells ab\t a bus9ess man :o makes 8 life a /r+ ( lies 9 ord] to hide an (f5se he has committ$2 he is help+ to pres]ve civilization1 by n lett+ anybody "k t a bus9ess man c d wrong4 8,a ,doll's ,h\se0 tells ab\t a woman :o discov]s t %e is a pet & an ornam5t 9 h] h\sehold1 & leaves h] husb& & *ildr5 & goes out into ! _w to become an individual4 ,!re are ?ree /ages 9 "o's attitude t[>d !sis plays ( ?is sort4 ,fir/1 ! !sis is new1 & :e!r x pleases y or ang]s y1 x r\ses & /irs y4 ,second1 y "k ! !sis by he>t1 & h accept$ x & liv$ x4 ,at t /age ! play bores y2 y say t y d n g to ! !at] = ,sunday s*ool lessons4 ,! ?ird /age comes :5 ! !sis has become s famili> t y no long] ?9k ( ! play 9 t way2 x holds y !n1 if x holds y at all1 by ! human realness ( its *>act]s & _! fates4 ,eighte5 ye>s ago ,i saw 8,a ,doll's ,h\se0 act$4 ,i 0 at ! second /age ( developm5t1 & x seem$ to me a tiresome little s]mon1 ,i c\ld n /ay to ! end4 ,b a few days lat] ,i saw 8,h$da ,gabl]10 & ?is 0 diff]5t2 ,i =got ! !sis1 & 0 int]e/$ 9 a psy*ological /udy ( ! mod]n p>asitic female4 ,we all "k ,h$da2 "s ( u h be5 m>ri$ to h]4 ,%e has be5 br\ght up 9 idl5ess1 %e lives by vanity1 %e is bor$1 & preys ^u m51 n because %e is sexual1 b because %e wants att5tion & applause1 & _c endure t anyone else %\ld h ^! ?+s 9 h] pres5ce4 ,"o ( ,h$da's victims is a poet2 he has labor$ to produce a manuscript1 & 9 8 despair ov] h] he te>s x up4 ,:5 ,h$da he>s ( t %e is ?rill$ to ! dep?s1 & cries3 8,a de$6 ,a de$60 ,let t be a symbol ( ! art-=-art's-sake attitude to life6 ,! greate/ ( ,ibs5's plays is 8,gho/s40 ,x has a !sis s wick$ t ! critics h>dly yet d>e to /ate x4 ,?is !sis happ5s to be ! exact opposite ( ! "o 9 8,! ,sc>let ,lett]03 t a true & good woman1 unhappily m>ri$1 :o f9ds t %e loves h] cl]gyman1 ought to elope ) ! cl]gyman in/ead ( /ay+ ) h] husb&4 ,9 ,ibs5's play ! woman /ays ) h] husb&1 & helps to make him com=table1 :ile he gets drunk & commits infidelities4 ,%e be>s him a son1 & lavi%es h] love & devotion ^u ?is son1 only to see him g ! way ( 8 fa!r1 & ev5tually die ( syphilis4 ,?is unpleasant disease _h nev] be=e appe>$ ^u ! /age1 & :5 8,gho/s0 0 produc$ 9 ! pi\s city ( ,london 9 ! ye> #ahia1 ! critics & newspap]s w5t out ( _! m9ds4 ,y may f9d a record ( _! op9ions 9 ,b]n>d ,%aw's 8,qu9tess5ce ( ,ibs5ism02 />t+ ) ! ,london 8,daily ,telegraph10 :i* call$ ! play 8an op5 dra92 a loa?some sore unb&ag$2 a dirty act done publicly2 a laz>-h\se ) all its doors & w9d[s op5 444 c&id f\lness 444 be/ial & cynical 444 (f5sive cynicism 444 melan*oly & malodor\s _w 444 absolutely loa?some & fetid 444 gross1 almo/ putrid indecorum 444 lit]>y c>rion 444 crapul\s /uff40 ,all ?is ref]r+ to a play n[ recogniz$ z "o ( ! great tragic ma/]pieces ( all "t6 8,an ,enemy ( ! ,p0 deals ) ,ibs5's attitude t[>d politics & social que/ions4 ,! 8enemy0 is a "y doctor 9 a ,norwegian t[n1 :o discov]s t ! fam\s ba?s1 ! basis ( ! t[n's prosp]ity1 are infect$ ) typhoid4 ,! doctor insi/s ^u mak+ ! facts public1 & s ( c\rse he has an unhappy "t4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 y w f9d ! same /ory 9 8,! ,goose-,/ep02 x happ5$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,oregon--q a di/ance f ,norway4 ,! 8enemy ( ! p0 9 ?is latt] case 0 a "y pr(essor1 :o 0 duly compell$ to move on4 ,! _w is =ty ye>s old] ?an :5 ,ibs5 wrote ?is play2 we h _h "t to analyze ! economic =ces 9 our society1 & we are no long] satisfi$ ) a crude di/ru/ ( democracy4 ,x is true t ! p /one ! prophets2 b lat] on !y build monum5ts to !m2 & ! _w mu/ be sav$ by ! p1 if x is to be sav$ at all4 ,ibs5's attitude is ! natural "o = an arti/1 :o has to take c>e ( 8 own m9d1 & does n want anyone to tell him :at to ?9k4 ,he is di/ru/ful ( discipl9e1 prea*es individualism--& f9ds ! reaction>ies glad to quote 8 words4 ,b y see1 all ! poet has to d is to portray ! _w2 ! masses h a m difficult job--!y h to *ange x4 ,s !y _c re/ 9 ! an>*i/ attitude2 !y h to h discipl9e & solid>ity1 !y h to organize & f9d lead]s1 & le>n to /& by ^? lead]s1 & at ! same "t to control !m4 ,all t is a new task1 & calls = new types ( ?9k]s1 n m]ely critical1 b con/ructive4 ,,*apt] ,,xci ,,! ,,biological ,,sup]ior ,sw$5 also _h a great dramati/ & poet 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,he came "s tw5ty ye>s lat] ?an ,ibs51 a torm5t$ & highly emotional man ( g5ius1 :o j ab\t box$ ! compass ( ?\ght1 & believ$ ev]y?+ !re 0 = a man to believe4 ,he 0 too mu* ( a propag&i/1 ev5 = me2 ,i l an arti/ to h ideas1 b n s _m t !y contradict6 ,augu/ ,/r9db]g's fa!r 0 a bankrupt %op-keep]2 8 "m 0 a b>-maid1 & ?ree illegitimate *ildr5 _h prec$$ him4 ,he 0 rais$ 9 a family ( elev5 9 a small h\se1 & ! fir/ emotions he knew 7 fe> & hung]4 ,he 0 lonely & unhappy all 8 life1 & p\r$ out 8 tr\bles 9 a torr5t ov] ,sw$54 ,he began writ+ at tw5ty-"o2 he _h ! arti/'s passion = all k9ds ( k1 & 9 ^? e>ly days he 0 a ,sociali/ & a *ampion ( labor1 also ( ! economic emancipation ( wom54 ,b at ! age ( tw5ty-six he *ose a wife1 & illu/rat$ ! =mula we us$ to s+ 9 *ildhood3 ,ne$les & p9s1 ne$les & p9s1 ,:5 a man m>ries 8 tr\ble beg9s6 ,8 wife bore him "s *ildr51 & !n wi%$ to resume h] c>e] z an actress4 ,/r9db]g object$ to ?is1 & !y qu>rel$1 & aft] sev5 ye>s !y p>t$4 ,! poet consid]$ ?is an irrem$iable trag$y2 = he held a my/ical idea1 t m>riage is an actual union ( fle% & _s1 & to te> a c\ple ap>t is to maim !m bo?4 ,/r9db]g put 8 agony into a book1 8,! ,confessions ( a ,fool02 a gha/ly record1 yet "o c h>dly keep f smil+ ov] x4 ,! au?or prea*es ! doctr9e t woman is inf]ior to man2 he p\nds ^u ?is !me--& !n proce$s to tell y m>ital incid5ts :i* make x cle> t ! woman 0 fully a mat* = him6 ,/r9db]g believes t woman is inf]ior1 n m]ely physically1 intellectually & morally1 b biologically2 %e is a half-way creature betwe5 man & *ild1 & x is h] duty to submit h]self 9 all ?+s to ! biologically sup]ior male4 ,b nature = "s reason has fail$ to in=m h] t %e is inf]ior1 & ! p]v]se creature insi/s ^u try+ to act z if %e 7 equal2 s ev]y?+ goes to wreck4 ,somebody said t ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s idea ( a trag$y 0 a g5]alization kill$ by a fact4 ,/r9db]g's trag$y 0 ! same1 b he nev] recogniz$ x2 he clung to 8 g5]alization1 n m]ely ?r\gh ?is m>riage1 b ?r\gh two o!rs1 :i* fail$ 9 ! same way1 & = ! same reason4 ,x is true t "s wom5 are pr$atory2 x is true t a great _m wom5 abuse ! p[] !y get4 ,t may be expect$ ( e enslav$ race or class or sex4 ,b ! only way to become fit = p[] is to ex]cise x1 & ! only way to get x is to take x4 ,! wom5 :o broke ,/r9db]g's ?ree m>riages 7 l ! suffragettes ) hamm]s2 !y 7 us+ ! only argum5ts _! oppon5ts w\ld he$4 ,z a result ( _! ef=ts1 "s ( u n[ live 9 a happi] "t1 hav+ comrade-wives :o d n abuse _! %>e ( p[]1 b co-op]ate ) _! husb&s 9 c>ry+ ! burd5s ( life4 ,b :atev] y ?9k ab\t ,/r9db]g's biological sup]iority1 y _c d5y ! p[] ( ! trag$y he wrote ^u 8 !sis4 ,x is call$ 8,! ,fa!r10 & %[s a man und]m9$ & de/roy$ by a cunn+1 det]m9$ woman1 :o sets out to break him to h] w4 ,also y h to admit ! reality ( 8,miss ,julia10 :i* portrays ! deg5]acy ( ! rul+ classes 9 ,sw$54 ,?is high-born "y lady1 :o />ts an intrigue ) a man-s]vant 9 h] h\sehold1 might be a page out ( a 8yell[0 ,sunday supplem5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,/r9db]g came close to ! l9e ( insanity2 he sp5t two or ?ree ye>s 9 a sanit>ium1 & wrote a book ab\t ^! bord]l& /ates1 8,inf]no40 ,!n he took up ) ,sw$5borg1 & evolv$ into a ,*ri/ian my/ic1 & w5t back into a second *ildhood ( bible-wor%ip4 ,b t did n keep him f c>ry+ on frantic qu>rels ) 8 enemies1 & p\r+ out _m volumes ( p]sonalities4 ,/rangely en\gh1 !re is a k9d ( imp]sonality 9 x all1 because ! man is s tragically e>ne/4 ,he is try+ to f9d ! tru?1 & puts himself be=e u z a docum5t2 no "o b ,r\sseau has done ?is s completely4 ,!re=e1 we ?9k ( ,/r9db]g z "o ( ! great tea*]s4 ,let ! arti/ give u tru?1 & we c always f9d use = x4 ,,*apt] ,,xcii ,,! ,,ov]man ,ano!r great writ] ( ?is "t 0 tr\bl$ ab\t ! problem ( ! ladies4 ,augu/ ,/r9db]g m>ri$ ?ree1 & exp]i5c$ ?ree trag$ies4 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e s\ght to m>ry "o1 b %e w\ld n h him2 aft] :i* he wrote contemptu\sly ( !m all4 ,despite ! fact t he 0 a cl]gyman's son1 he suff]$ f h]$it>y syphilis1 & w5t insane--a tragic wa/e ( ! greate/ g5ius ( mod]n times4 ,nietzs*e 0 born 9 #ahdd1 & became a pr(essor ( philology at a ,swiss univ]sity4 ,8 heal? broke d[n f eye-/ra9 at ! age ( ?irty-five1 & he retir$ ^u a small p5sion4 ,8 insanity came at ! age ( =ty-five1 & he liv$ elev5 ye>s long]1 sl[ly rott+ to pieces1 & meantime gr[l+ l a wild bea/4 ,nietzs*e's enemies1 ( c\rse1 made ! mo/ ( ?is cruel fate2 !y said t he 0 insane all ! "t4 ,t is an easy way to dispose ( 8 writ+s--easy = ! av]age p]son1 :o has nev] exp]i5c$ su* emotional /ates z ,nietzs*e dealt )1 & does n wi% to be tr\bl$ by !m4 ,b a few :o h exp]i5c$ ^! /ates are 9 bett] position to decide4 ,nietzs*e's mature "w is p]fectly sane2 x conta9s _m contradictions1 b we h to p]mit an orig9al m9d to gr[4 ,8 ma/]piece1 8,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra10 conta9s ! greate/ imag9ative writ+ ( sev]al c5turies4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t ^! books 7 writt5 by a man :o 0 ill & suff]+ atroci\sly4 ,he decl>$ t e ye> meant = him two hundr$ days ( pa94 ,8 view ( life is ! product ( a pa9-driv5 m9d1 l ! ec/asy exp]i5c$ by m>tyrs und]go+ torture4 ,we d n expect ord]$ & sy/ematic ?\ght f su* p]sons2 b we may le>n f !m /range secrets conc]n+ ! possibilities ( ! human _s4 ,"o ( ,nietzs*e's doctr9es is ! exaltation ( ! ari/ocratic ov] ! democratic virtues4 ,he 0 ! son ( a ,prussian /ate pa/or1 & he glorifi$ w>1 & 0 tak5 z ! spiritual director ( ! invasion ( ,belgium4 ,x w\ld be easy = me to deal ) him on t basis1 & draw & qu>t] him amid g5]al acclamation4 ,! only tr\ble is t ,nietzs*e is "o ( ! pione]s ( ! moral life1 a conqu]or ( new univ]ses = our race4 ,!re are two sides to 8 message1 ! positive & ! negative4 ,on ! positive side x is ! record ( an exalt$ poet1 proclaim+ bro!rhood1 s]vice1 & consecration4 ,on its negative side x repres5ts ! fe>s & repugnances ( an invalid1 %r9k+ f life :i* 0 too mu* = him1 & seek+ refuge 9 8 own visions1 :]e he c\ld be ma/] )\t int]f]5ce f a ho/ile _w4 ,:]e ,nietzs*e lov$ some?+1 y w g5]ally f9d x some?+ great & noble2 :]e he hat$ some?+1 y w (t5 f9d x a ?+ he fail$ to und]/&4 ,!re 7 two subjects ^u :i* he 0 entirely ignorant2 ! fir/ woman1 & ! second economics4 ,?is d\ble ignorance di/ort$ all 8 ?\ght1 & has br\ght x ab\t t 8 influ5ce c\nts on ! side ( ! =ces he hat$4 ,nietzs*e agre$ ) ! proposition ( ! pres5t book1 t all ! arts are propag&a4 ,he %[$ h[ ^? :o 7 able to face life & to conqu] made !mselves a philosophy & art ( self-ass]tion & developm5t2 ^? :o 7 afraid ( life made a philosophy & art ( self-sacrifice & r5unciation4 ,nietzs*e expla9$ ,*ri/ianity z a slave religion1 evolv$ by ! victims ( ,roman imp]ialism2 he proclaim$ himself ,anti*ri/1 & advocat$ a 8ma/] morality40 ,nietzs*e's supreme contribution is ! int]pretation ( evolution2 he became ! prophet & se] ( ?is doctr9e1 develop+ a concept ( ! ,ov]man1 a high] be+ into :i* ! human race is de/9$ to evolve4 ,b]n>d ,%aw has popul>iz$ ! t]m ,sup]man2 b ,i v5ture to /ick to ,ov]man1 :i* ,i us$ 9 8,! ,j\rnal ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+10 sev]al ye>s be=e 8,man & ,sup]man0 0 publi%$4 ,nietzs*e might h *os5 ! t]m 8,sup]m5s*0 if he _h wi%$2 b he wrote 8,ueb]m5s*40 ,?is concept ,nietzs*e set =? 9 8,z>a?u/ra0 ) f]vor & spl5dor ( imag]y1 a *ant ! l ( :i* ! ,g]man language _h nev] kn[n be=e4 ,t5 ye>s ago1 edit+ 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice10 made up ( ! _w's revolution>y lit]ature f ?irty languages & five ?\s& ye>s ( hi/ory1 ,i gave ! la/ place to a quotation f 8,z>a?u/ra02 ! reason be+ t x repres5ts to me ! ultimate ( mod]n ?\ght1 ! greate/ words 9 rec5t poetry4 ,i quote a portion ( ?is passage3 ,man is a cord1 ti$ betwe5 ,bea/ & ,ov]man--a1 cord above an abyss4 ,a p]il\s arriv+1 a p]il\s travel+1 a p]il\s look+ backw>d1 a p]il\s trembl+ & /&+ /ill4 ,:at is great 9 man is t he is a bridge1 & no goal2 :at c be lov$ 9 man is t he is a go+-ov] & a go+-"u4 ,i love !m t "k n h[ to live1 be x ev5 z ^? go+ "u1 = su* are ^? go+ across4 ,i love !m t are great 9 scorn1 because ^! are !y t are great 9 rev]5ce1 & arr[s ( long+ t[>d ! o!r %ore4 ,y w note t ^! p>agraphs celebrate ! fame ( ! m>tyrs1 ^? :o sacrifice !mselves = ! race4 ,are we n "h "r back 9 ! _s ( ,jesus8 ,i d n mean ,*ri/ianity1 ! ?+ t is taught 9 *ur*es1 ! cre$s ( ! o!r-worldly2 ,i am ref]r+ to ! revolution>y c>p5t]1 :o taught bro!rhood 9 its high h]oic s5se1 & proclaim$ ! k+dom ( heav5 ^u e>?4 ,nietzs*e wrote & taught 9 t same h]oic s5se2 b because ( 8 two great ignorances1 conc]n+ wom5 & conc]n+ economics1 he c\ld n make di/9ctions1 & save 8 message f be+ int]pret$ 9 ! int]e/ ( class gre$ & mat]ialism4 ,:5 we see ! image ( ,jesus set up 9 gold & jewels1 & c>ri$ =? to bless :olesale murd] = ! pr(it ( ! ,russian ,ts>dom1 or ( ,j4 ,p ,morgan ,company's int]national loans1 we are witness+ "o ( mank9d's hi/oric trag$ies4 ,we are witness+ ano!r :5 ! message ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e is tak5 up by ,b]nh>di & ! ,prussian ,junk]s1 & us$ to sanctify t p[] :i* dur+ ! w> ,i describ$ z 8! ,bea/ ) ! ,bra9s ( an ,eng9e]40 ,nietzs*e loa!d ! ,prussian ,junk]s1 & ! :ole ,prussian /ate ma*9e4 ,he liv$ ! life ( an ascetic1 & wrote 9 spiritual t]ms2 :5 he talk$ ab\t ! 8/rong10 he meant ^? t are great 9 rev]5ce z well z 9 scorn4 ,b he c\ld n analyze ! diff]5t k9ds ( competition 9 :i* social be+s engage2 he c\ld n di/+ui% betwe5 ^? :i* enc\rage intellectual progress & ^? :i* /rangle x4 ,he saw t 9 primitive societies w> elim9ates ! deg5]ate2 he did n p]ceive t 9 mod]n capitali/ society w> has exactly ! opposite effect1 pres]v+ ! weakl+s & p>asites1 & putt+ comm]cial hogs 9 p[]4 ,nei!r did he p]ceive h[ a sy/em ( h]$it>y privilege en?rones ! s5suali/s & idl]s1 ! human types he mo/ despis$4 ,:ile "y he came "u ! influ5ce ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]2 he read t p]nici\s secret docum5t :i* ,wagn] _h prep>$ = 8 fri5d ,k+ ,ludwig1 expla9+ x z ! duty ( ! arti/ to devise illusions to keep ! masses patriotic & religi\s4 ,nietzs*e absorb$ t doctr9e & x poison$ 8 social ?\ght = life4 ,i h met ) ridicule f sapi5t critics = prais+ ,z>a?u/ra & at ! same "t proclaim+ myself a ,sociali/4 ,b j z x is possible by a deep] view to reconcile ,z>a?u/ra & ,jesus1 s also x is possible to reconcile ,z>a?u/ra & ,m>x4 ,! free spirits & l(ty ideali/s :om ,nietzs*e dream$ w nev] be able to function 9 ! _w ( int]national pr(ite]s2 !y are outca/s 9 su* a _w1 z ,nietzs*e 0 9 ! ,junk] _w4 ,only :5 competition = money has be5 replac$ by co-op]ative ord] w mank9d take s]i\sly ^? high] activities :i* 7 ,nietzs*e's conc]n4 ,exactly ! same ?+ applies to ! w> ( ! sexes2 x is n 9 qu>rel+ ) wom51 l ,/r9db]g1 or 9 avoid+ !m1 l ,nietzs*e1 t ! happ9ess ( man is f\nd4 ,!re is a say+ ( ,z>a?u/ra mo/ frequ5tly quot$ by 8 enemies3 8,:5 ?\ goe/ to woman =get n ! :ip40 ,t is tak5 to mean t man %\ld dom9ate woman by brute p[]2 b ,georg ,br&es tells me t x does n mean t at all4 ,x means t y mu/ n =get t ! woman w seek to wield a :ip ov] y if %e c2 9 o!r words1 ! ,/r9db]g t]ror6 ,br&es decl>es t he has se5 a photograph ( ,nietzs*e 9 company ) ! "y lady :om he lov$2 ,nietzs*e 9 ?is photograph _h a *ild's h>ness ab\t 8 neck & %\ld]s1 & ! woman _h a :ip 9 h] h&4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 0 play2 b ,freud has taught u t play is symbolic1 & p]haps x 0 ?is picture :i* ,nietzs*e _h 9 m9d :5 he wrote 8 fam\s s5t5ce4 ,anyh[1 ?is mu* is c]ta93 ,nietzs*e did n "k wom54 ,except = ?is "o unhappy love affair1 he took t[>d !m ! same attitude z ! ,*ri/ian h]mits & monks--& = ! same reason1 because he want$ to live 8 inn] life )\t di/urbance4 ,s extremes meet1 & hi/ory repeats itself--! 8et]nal recurr5ce0 :i* ,nietzs*e taught6 ,?r\gh mu* ( 8 life he _h ! devot$ s]vices ( 8 si/]2 %e nurs$ him & c>$ = him dur+ ^? dreadful ye>s :5 he w&]$ ab\t ! room gr[l+ l a wild bea/2 & aft] he 0 dead1 %e edit$ 8 books & 8 lett]s4 ,man flees f woman--b he beg9s 9 a woman's arms1 & he ends !re4 ,,*apt] ,,xciii ,,! ,,octopus ,,cities ,mod]n civilization is a /epmo!r to poets2 x is cr[d$1 noisy & ugly1 & !y run away & seek refuge 9 g>d5s1 or mona/]ies1 or dreams ( a happi] pa/4 ,b mod]n civilization is alive2 x is ! life ( hundr$s ( millions ( human be+s1 =g+ a new future4 ,& !re comes a new k9d ( poet1 able to p5etrate to ! inn] _s ( t future4 ,x 0 fitt+ t su* a poet %\ld be a ,belgian2 = ,belgium is ! c5t] ( ! new indu/rialism 9 ,europe4 ,"h are great iron & /eel plants1 & va/ cobwebs ( railroads1 & h>bors to :i* ! comm]ce ( ! _w p\rs 94 ,! pa/ & ! future meet "h1 = ,belgium has an old hi/ory & art2 x is a battle-gr\nd ( ,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism1 ( mod]n sci5ce & anci5t my/icism1 ( ,fr5* revolution & ,g]man autocracy4 ,x is weal?y1 ) all ! class contra/s & antagonisms :i* mod]n capitalism br+s4 ,emile ,v]ha]5 0 born 9 #ahee1 ( well-to-d retir$ p>5ts4 ,he liv$ 9 ! c\ntry1 b 9 ,belgium ! c\ntry is close to ! t[ns1 & ! boy saw ! riv] ) ! great %ips1 ! factories & ! busy artisans1 a teem+ life1 /imulat+ to ! imag9ation4 ,he 0 educat$ 9 a ,jesuit s*ool1 :]e !y hop$ to make a prie/ ( him1 b did n succe$4 ,he /udi$ law1 & l$ a wild1 freaki% y\?4 ,he _h be5 writ+ v]ses s9ce *ildhood1 ,lat9 v]ses1 & !n ! classical ,fr5* ,alex&r9es1 "u ! spell ( ,victor ,hugo4 ,!n came ,zola1 & "y ,v]ha]5 horrifi$ 8 p>5ts & fri5ds by a volume ( poetry portray+ ! viol5t & brutal facts ( ,flemi% life4 ,!y are a gross & drunk5 p--we see !m 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,rub5s2 & x 0 a "t :5 "y poets 7 9 revolt aga9/ false idealism1 & want$ to deal ) reality1 ! m crude & hide\s ! bett]4 ,f excess ( animalism ! ,belgian p revolt to ! o!r extreme1 asceticism2 s ! c\ntry is full ( monks1 gloomy & sob]1 liv+ ap>t & contemplat+ ! pa/ ) holy awe4 ,v]ha]5 wrote a second book1 9 :i* he portray$ /range types ( ^! devotees4 ,b he 0 cont5t to admire !m2 he did n jo9 !m4 ,! poet exi/s by virtue ( ! fact t he is m s5sitive ?an ! av]age man2 life hits him h>d] bl[s1 & he flies f "o extreme to ! o!r4 ,mod]n sci5ce took f ,v]ha]5 8 ,ca?olic fai?1 & !re foll[$ a p]iod ( pessimism1 a t]rible psy*ic crisis4 ,l ,do/oievski & ,/r9db]g1 he came close to ! bord]-l9e ( insanity & suicide4 ,b 8 re/less m9d w\ld n give up to any suff]+2 he 0 ?rill$ ev5 by ! adv5ture ( pa92 he lov$ life1 ev5 ?\gh x held = him only ! vision ( dea?4 ,all ?+s are !mes = art2 s he wrote a book ( nightm>es1 a pilgrimage ( neura/h5ia4 ,! sick poet _h fl$ f ! noisy & brutal _w2 he f\nd 8 deliv]ance by com+ back to x4 ,r$emption lay 9 lov+ & und]/&+ mank9d 9 its manifold new activities4 ,^? ?+s :i* ! poets g5]ally affect to despise ,v]ha]5 n[ took up ) ec/asy3 indu/rialism1 ma*9]y1 ! ro> ( cities1 ! manifold activities ( cr[ds1 9 all ^! ?+s he discov]$ a new p[]1 promis+ an inf9itude ( beauty4 ,v]ha]5 wrote 9 ,fr5*1 & us$ a new =m ( rhym$ free v]se1 m obvi\sly rhy?mical ?an ,:itman's1 m>vel\sly responsive to e ?rob ( ! poet's imag9ation4 ,x is a k9d ( v]se to *ant al\d1 an utt]ance ( sweep+ ec/asy4 ,v]ha]5 resembles ,:itman 9 _m ways2 9 8 id5tification ( himself ) ! toil+ masses1 8 s5se ( ! multitude z a new be+1 a ?+ ) a life ( its own4 ,l ,:itman he accepts ! univ]se1 he s+s ! *ant ( humanity becom+ ,god1 conqu]+ nature1 & remak+ exi/5ce 9 its own image4 ,walt ,:itman sang 8^! /ates10 & saw !m z "o mighty1 triumphant l&4 ,v]ha]5 also _h a vision1 he 0 ! prophet ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe4 ,he _h liv$ 9 all its great capitals1 & knew & int]pret$ ! =ces :i* 7 br++ !m toge!r & mak+ !m "o4 ,t]rible places !y are--8! octopus cities10 he calls !m 9 ! title ( "o ( 8 volumes1 & portrays !m z gigantic t5tacul> mon/]s1 suck+ all ! life-blood f ! c\ntry4 ,no poet has ev] approa*$ ,v]ha]5 9 ! portrayal ( ! cruelty & lonel9ess & horror ( ^! capitali/ cities4 ,y w f9d 9 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice0 a translation ( "o ( ^! poems1 ! mo/ frightful picture ( pro/itution ev] giv5 9 v]se4 ,v]ha]5 welcom$ sci5ce1 & proclaim$ mass solid>ity1 ! surr5d] ( ! individual to ! sweep ( progress4 ,he became a prophet & prea*] ( :at he call$ 8cosmic en?usiasm40 ,he 01 ( c\rse1 a ,sociali/ & revolutioni/4 ,he wrote a lyrical drama call$ 8,! ,dawn10 :i* has be5 translat$ into ,engli% by ,ar?ur ,symonds4 ,"h 9 a mixture ( prose & v]se he celebrates a h]o :o surr5d]s ! citadel ( capitalism to ! masses1 & gives 8 life 9 ! ef=t to aboli% class conflict & build ! happy future4 ,v]ha]5 wrote o!r plays :i* h n yet be5 translat$ or produc$2 !y d n con=m to ! rules ( ! drama = pr(it1 = !y deal ) humanity & n ) sex4 ,b ! new "t is com+--& "h is "o ( its prophets4 ,,*apt] ,,xciv ,,! ,,inspir$ ,,p>rakeet ,i rememb] ! fir/ poet ,i ev] met 9 my y\?2 "o ( ! 8pure0 poets1 a dreamy s\l1 :o liv$ 9 ! ugly city ( ,new ,york1 & wrote ab\t beauty 9 di/ant ,n9eveh & ,tyre4 ,he e>n$ 8 liv+ 9 a book-/ore1 :]e he fad$ sl[ly1 & 8 hair came to look z if ! mo?s _h be5 fe$+ on x4 ,only once ,i saw fire 9 8 eyes1 & t 0 :5 ! "n ( ,sw9burne 0 m5tion$4 8,sw9burne is a god60 he exclaim$4 ,yes1 ,alg]non ,*>les ,sw9burne is no m]e poet2 he is div9ity1 be=e ^: high alt> ! art-=-art's-sak]s p]=m obeisance4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahcg1 ( an ari/ocratic c\nty family 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&4 ,s he always _h pl5ty ( money1 & liv$ 8 own life 9 ! ari/ocratic fa%ion4 ,!y s5t him to ,eton at ! age ( twelve1 & !n to ,ox=d1 b respectability fail$ to 8take0 ) him4 ,he 0 ! /range/ figure 9 :i* ! s\l ( a poet 0 ev] h\s$4 ,z a *ild he _h be5 beautiful1 b some?+ mu/ h gone wrong ) 8 gl&s1 s t 8 head grew fa/] ?an 8 body4 ,he develop$ a noble br[1 b a weak m\? & rec$+ *92 8 enorm\s head 0 light$ by two bright gre5 eyes1 & cov]$ ) a %ock ( vivid r$ hair4 ,:5 he became excit$1 :i* he 0 liable to d at a mom5t's notice1 8 arms & legs began to j]k convulsively1 & he w\ld ru% ab\t ! room1 orat+ vehem5tly1 p]haps hopp+ ^u ! s(a1 l a bright-color$ p>rakeet4 ,he 0 an omnivor\s read]1 & knew all ! poetry !re 0 9 ! _w--mo/ ( x by he>t1 & w\ld p\r x out by ! h\r1 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 ,italian or ,engli%4 ,if he became too mu* excit$1 he w\ld sudd5ly h a fit & fall unconsci\s1 to ! t]ror ( ! company2 b aft] a :ile he w\ld come to1 j z lively & full ( words z ev]4 ,9 8 *ildhood & y\?1 accord+ to ! ,engli% cu/om1 !y fill$ him up ) ,greek & ,lat9 v]ses2 he absorb$ ! bad z well z ! good1 w9e & wom5 z well z song4 ,!n he came "u ! spell ( ,victor ,hugo1 :o fill$ him ) a f]vor = lib]ty4 ,x is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! influ5ce a great poet c ex]t4 ,sw9burne wor%ipp$ ,hugo ) fr5zi$ extravagance1 & rema9$ a disciple ( republicanism all ?r\gh 8 sev5ty-two ye>s2 & ?is )\t ! slighte/ actual contact ) republicanism1 )\t any?+ 9 8 environm5t or 8 actions to expla9 su* revolution>y fev]4 ,worldly impracticability 0 c>ri$ to its la/ extreme 9 ?is combu/ible y\?2 he always _h to h somebody to take c>e ( him1 & fell "u ! spell ( "o p]sonality aft] ano!r3 ,rossetti1 ,william ,morris1 ,mazz9i1 & f9ally ,watts-,dunton1 :o lit]ally sav$ 8 life4 ,sw9burne w\ld come up to ,london & engage 9 :at he call$ 8racket+0--by :i* he meant /imulat+ 8 fr5zies ) alcohol4 ,he w\ld keep ?is up until he 0 completely pro/rat$1 & !n 8 fa!r or "o ( 8 fri5ds w\ld c>ry him (f to ! c\ntry & m\nt gu>d ov] him1 & !re he w\ld live a quiet & placid lit]>y life until ! _w lur$ him =? aga94 ,by ! "t he 0 =ty he _h c>ri$ 8 dissipation to su* extremes t he 0 all b wreck$4 ,"o by "o 8 fri5ds _h to give him up1 & he 0 liv+ 9 wret*$ lodg+s at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,x 0 !n t ,watts-,dunton took *>ge ( 8 affairs once = all1 & turn$ 8 c\ntry h\se into a sort ( lit]>y sanit>ium1 & kept ! poet = ?irty ye>s1 /rictly =bidd+ any b respectable citiz5s to call ^u him4 ,"h ! que] little p>rakeet hopp$ ab\t 9 ! libr>y1 & gradually grew old & deaf1 & wrote a great deal ( prose & v]se ( little consequ5ce4 ,"s critics fight ) ! morali/s ov] ! "q1 ,is x bett] = a poet to die drunk & inspir$1 or to live sob] & dull8 ,my fri5d1 ,george ,/]l+1 writes me on ?is po9t3 8,i /ill refuse1 probably f p]sonal exp]i5ce1 to believe t alcohol helps ! arti/ to function at 8 be/40 ,sw9burne's fir/ great "w1 publi%$ at ! age ( tw5ty-eight1 0 an imitation ,greek play1 8,atalanta 9 ,calydon40 ,z poetry x is m>vel\s2 nobody s9ce ,%elley _h p\r$ out su* a torr5t ( glori\s words4 ,all ! tricks ( ! trade are 9 x--h[ _m y c le>n f ,pr(essor ,sa9tsbury1 :o li/s !m3 8equival5ce & sub/itution1 alt]native & repetition1 rhymes & rhymeless susp5sion ( s\nd1 volley & *eck ( v]se1 /anza con/ruction1 l9e-& pause-m\ld+1 foot-conjunction & contra/40 ,su* are ! weapons 9 ! armory ( ^? :o h read all ! poetry !re is 9 ! _w6 ,:at else is !re beside v]bal spl5dor & te*nical tricks8 ,! answ] is3 ,! famili> ,greek ari/ocratic p]sonages1 /ruggl+ 9 va9 aga9/ _! gods2 ! old ,greek fatalism & pessimism1 tak5 up z a lit]>y ex]cise & c>ri$ to un-,hell5ic extremes4 ,x might h puzzl$ y1 p]haps1 t a poet ( republicanism & revolt %\ld also be a poet ( pessimism2 b y w\ld h be5 ill-advis$ to ask ! "q ( ,sw9burne1 = once1 :5 a fri5d v5tur$ to criticize 8 "w1 he />$ = a mom5t or two ( horror1 !n utt]$ a %rill scream1 & ru%$ up/airs to 8 room1 & seiz$ 8 manuscript & sp5t h\rs te>+ x into %r$s & ?r[+ x into ! fire--& !n sp5t ! re/ ( ! night rewrit+ x f memory6 ,sw9burne c\ld n ?9k1 he c\ld only feel1 & s he 0 capable ( p\r+ 8 poetic fr5zy into absolutely contradictory ideas4 ,s we h ^! magnific5t *oruses ( 8,atalanta10 9 :i* man's despair at 8 own fate is voic$ ) ov]:elm+ poignancy3 ,= a day & a night & a morr[1 ,t 8 /r5g? might endure = a span ,) travail & heavy sorr[1 ,! holy _s ( man4444 ,he weaves1 & is clo!d ) d]ision2 ,s[s1 & he %all n reap2 ,8 life is a wat* or a vision ,betwe5 a sleep & a sleep4 ,b !n1 if t be true1 :at is ! use ( /ruggl+ = lib]ty & ov]?r[+ tyrants8 ,:at inde$ is ! use ( writ+ beautiful v]ses & read+ pro(s & wrangl+ ) publi%]s & critics8 ,manife/ly1 no use :atev]4 ,nev]!less1 ,sw9burne w\ld read a news item ab\t ,napoleon ! ,little1 & he w\ld fly into ano!r fr5zy1 & write a poem 9 :i* he call$ = ! blood ( tyrants4 ,he collect$ all ^! into 8 8,songs be=e ,sunrise10 :i* con/itute "o ( ! bibles ( lib]ty4 ,:5 ,i meet an art-=-art's-sak]1 ,i nev] fail to ask him if he has read ,sw9burne's 8,prelude10 9 :i* ! poet describes 8 conv]sion to ! cause ( human s]vice4 ,play !n & s+2 we too h play$1 ,we likewise1 9 t subtle %ade4 ,we too h twi/$ ?r\gh our hair ,su* t5drils z ! wild ,loves we>1 ,& he>d :at mir? ! ,mnads made4 ,su* has be5 ! poet's life2 b n[ he has re=m$1 & tak5 up ! duty ( pass+ on ! light ( ! intellig5ce to 8 fell[s3 ,a little "t t we may fill ,or ) su* good works or su* ill ,z loose ! bonds or make !m /rong ,:]e9 all manhood suff]s wrong4 ,& t leads u by a natural transition to ! 8,m>*+ ,song10 a battle-cry ( ! revolution3 ,rise1 ere ! dawn be ris52 ,come1 & be all s\ls f$2 ,f field & /reet & prison ,come1 = ! fea/ is spread2 ,live1 = ! tru? is liv+2 wake1 = night is dead4 8,my o!r books are books10 ,sw9burne decl>$1 8b #8,songs be=e ,sunrise' is myself40 ,8 respectable biograph]1 ,edmund ,gosse1 is bo? puzzl$ & %ock$ by ?is1 & po9ts out h[ completely ,sw9burne's hopes ( republicanism h fail$ to be realiz$ 9 ! mod]n _w4 ,yes2 ! poet fail$ to see t ! lords ( f9ance1 ! fat m5 ( ! b\rgeoisie1 w\ld subsidize autocracy & subsidize sup]/ition1 z a means ( rivet+ slav]y ^u ! human m9d & body = ano!r c5tury4 ,b let ,pr(essor ,gosse take c>e ( 8 heal? = a few ye>s m1 & he may see t ,daylight :i* 0 h]ald$ 9 ! 8,songs be=e ,sunrise40 ,we h /epp$ ahead ( our /ory & omitt$ to m5tion ,sw9burne's e>li] volume ( miscellane\s "w1 8,poems & ,ballads10 :i* 0 publi%$ %ortly aft] 8,atalanta10 & gave ! ,victorian age ! wor/ %ock ( its exi/5ce4 ,?is 0 ! "t ( ,t5nyson at 8 mo/ mawki%1 ! "t ( 8,maud0 & 8,eno* ,ard502 lit]>y ,engl& _h n se5 any?+ really indec5t s9ce ,byron's 8,don ,juan10 ne>ly half a c5tury ago4 ,b "h came ?is "y ari/ocrat--! son ( an admiral1 & !re=e beyond prosecution = any?+ t he might d--?r[+ out ^u ! _w an inspir$ glorification ( sexual & alcoholic riot4 ,sw9burne 01 ( c\rse1 j z s9c]e 9 8 praise ( ,v5us & ! v9e z he 0 9 8 praise ( lib]ty2 m s9c]e1 9 fact1 because he practic$ :at he prea*$ 9 ! =m] case1 b he omitt$ to g (f & die 9 ! cause ( lib]ty z ,byron _h done4 ,"s ( 8 lic5ti\s poetry is p]fect f ! te*nical po9t ( view2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 8,poems & ,ballads0 conta9s ! wor/ comb9ation ( words ev] put into a poem3 8! lilies & languors ( virtue & ! roses & raptures ( vice40 ,x is pleasant to be able to record t ,sw9burne _h ! wit to ridicule 8 own habit ( silly allit]ation2 see ! p>ody call$ 8,nephelidia03 8,f ! dep? ( ! dreamy decl9e ( ! dawn ?r\gh a notable nimbus ( nebul\s noon%9e10 & s on4 ,9 8,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra0 !re is a doctr9e ( fre$om1 :i* is summ$ up3 ,i ask y1 n free f :at1 b free to :at8 ,& t is :at ,i %\ld l to po9t out to "y poets :o uncritically accept ,sw9burne z a god4 ,x is possible to be entirely free to d :at y please1 & yet n please to d _m silly & de/ructive ?+s4 ,"y poets are free to write z eloqu5t v]ses z !y "k h[2 & !y may put into ^? v]ses a celebration ( all ?+s beautiful & j & noble 9 ! _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y may put 9 a celebration ( debau*]y2 & !y may try x out = !mselves1 & fall slaves to alcohol & drugs1 & end 9 ! mad-h\se or a suicide's or drunk>d's grave--l ,baudelaire & ,v]la9e & ,musset & ,poe & ,d[son1 & t brilliant1 unhappy g5ius ^: /ory we h next to read4 ,,*apt] ,,xcv ,,! ,,gre5 ,,c>nation ,eight ye>s ago ,frank ,h>ris publi%$ 8 two volumes entitl$ 8,osc> ,wilde3 ,8 ,life & ,confessions40 ,i wrote him t x 0 "o ( ! half doz5 greate/ biographies 9 ! ,engli% language1 & he repli$1 *>act]i/ically3 8,"n ! o!r five40 ,t /ory nev] fails to raise a laugh2 b 9 fairness to ,frank ,h>ris ,i ought to add t :5 ,i sat d[n & ?\ght x ov] s]i\sly ,i c\ld n "n ! o!r five4 ,"h is ! /ory ( a t]rific human trag$y1 told pla9ly & completely1 ) pr(\nd insight & deep pity4 ,h[ c ! man :o wrote x n "k t x is great8 ,! subject ( ?is s]mon 9 action 0 born 9 ,dubl9 9 #ahed4 ,8 fa!r 0 a weal?y b>onet1 a physician :o 0 accu/om$ to s$uce 8 wom5-pati5ts2 8 "m 0 an excessively va9 society poetess4 ,! son 0 burd5$ ) ! label ,osc> ,f+al ,o',flah>tie ,wills ,wilde1 & receiv$ ! usual public s*ool & ,ox=d education4 ,9 ^! s-call$ 8public0 s*ools1 :i* are rul+ class bo>d+-s*ools1 ! boys live semi-mona/ic lives1 entirely )drawn f woman's influ5ce2 !y are f$ ^u ,greek lit]ature & art1 :i* glorifies homosexuality1 & !re=e ,engli% upp]-class life is rott5 ) ?is odi\s vice4 ,frank ,h>ris n>rates t at ! "t ( ,wilde's trial1 :5 g5]al exposures on ?is subject 7 ?reat5$1 great numb]s ( ,london's prom95t club memb]s sudd5ly discov]$ t !y _h important bus9ess on ! ,cont95t4 ,osc> ,wilde _h extraord9>y gifts2 a vivid imag9ation1 a fl[ ( eloqu5ce1 & *>m+ wit4 ,he 0 ! p]fect f9e fl[] ( leisure-class art1 a g5tleman ab\t t[n1 a lit]>y d&y :o le>n$ ! lesson t x pays to adv]tise1 & made himself ! mo/ talk$ ab\t man 9 ,london by dress+ 9 knee bree*es & silk hose1 c>ry+ a l>ge sunfl[] 9 8 h&1 & greet+ m5 & wom5 ) sweet imp]t95ces4 ,!re is a satiric portrait ( ?is elegant 8e/hete0 9 ,rob]t ,hi*5s' novel1 8,! ,gre5 ,c>nation40 ,osc> wrote com$ies deal+ ) ! ,london _w ( fa%ion 9 :i* he liv$4 ,^! plays delight$ t _w1 & /ill delight audi5ces ( ! fa%ionable4 ,frank ,h>ris reg>ds !m z imp]i%able classics2 & all ,i c d is to record ! fact t !y put me to sleep4 ,ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago ,i saw 8,! ,importance ( ,be+ ,e>ne/0 9 ,new ,york1 & _c recall t ,i 0 ev] m bor$ 9 a !at]4 ,! int]e/ ( ! play is suppos$ to lie 9 its 8sm>t0 dialogue1 & ! =mula = t sm>tness is "o :i* anyone c le>n 9 two m9utes4 ,take any /atem5t involv+ ! simple common s5se ( mank9d1 ! moral h]itage ( ! race = c\ntless ages2 & !n make an epigram proclaim+ ! opposite1 & y h a 8l9e0 = a society play4 8,*>ity creates a multitude ( s9s4444 ,x is bett] to be good-look+ ?an to be good4444 ,all *>m+ p are spoil$4444 ,a man c be happy ) any woman z long z he does n love h]4444 ,x is a dang]\s ?+ to re=m anyone4444 ,! real drawback to m>riage is t x makes "o unselfi%4444 ,democracy means simply ! bludgeon+ ( ! p by ! p = ! p4444 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a moral or an immoral book4 ,books are well writt5 or badly writt54444 ,! sph]e ( art & ! sph]e ( e?ics are absolutely di/9ct & sep>ate40 ,a man :o is absorb$ 9 useful "w1 & !re=e has few impulses to depravity1 c enc\nt] su* ,wild5ess ) indiff]5ce2 b ! av]age man1 :o is nev] sure ( 8 own self-control1 & :o has sons & daught]s to tra9 9 z mu* dec5cy z he c1 is made frantic by su* p]v]sity1 ! delib]ate b$evil+ ( ! wits ( our bl9dly /ruggl+ humanity4 ,^! 8epigrams0 ( ,osc> ,wilde are l ! snapp+ ( a :ip-la% 9 ! face ( m5's ev]yday moral s5sibility4 ,s naturally ?is too-clev] "y e/hete 0 cordially loa!d1 & 8 enemies :ett$ _! knives = him4 ,osc> came ov] to ,am]ica to exhibit 8 :imsicalities to ! wives & daught]s ( our /eel k+s & pork pack]s4 ,to ! cu/om's (fic] he rem>k$3 8,i h no?+ to decl>e b my g5ius02 & s 8 success 0 assur$4 ,he w5t back to ,london & wrote m plays1 "o ( !m1 8,salome10 assur$ly ! mo/ cruel1 cold1 & disgu/+ piece ( lewdness 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,its h]o9e is ! "y daught] ( ,k+ ,h]od1 :o attempts to s$uce ,john ! ,bapti/ to h] s5sual desires1 & :5 he repels h]1 has him execut$1 & has 8 head br\ght 9 ^u a platt]1 & /rips h]self z ne>ly nak$ z /age-cu/oms all[1 & dances be=e ?is bloody object & fondles & kisses x4 ,! climax ( mod]n art depravity 0 rea*$ :5 ,ri*>d ,/rauss set ?is drama to elaborate & co/ly music4 ,:5 ,i saw audi5ces ( b$iz5$ & bejewell$ fat bea/s1 male & female1 hav+ _! sick n]ves ?rill$ by ?is 8gr&0 op]a1 ,i knew t ,european capitalism 0 ready = ! slaught]man's ax4 ,out ( ^! plays ,osc> reap$ mu* money1 & sp5t x 9 eat+ too mu*1 dr9k+ too mu*1 & pursu+ 8 cultur$ vices4 ,among 8 favorites 0 a "y heir ( ! nobility1 :o has s9ce become ,"l ,alfr$ ,d\glas1 assur$ly ! mo/ disagreeable little wret* t ev] display$ himself 9 ! ,briti% _w ( lett]s4 ,"l ,alfr$'s fa!r1 ! ,m>quis ( ,que5sbury1 made an ef=t to sep>ate 8 son f ,wilde1 & 9 s do+ he wrote lett]s conc]n+ ,wilde :i* br\ght ab\t a great lit]>y sc&al4 ,x is ! privilege ( elegant ,briti% g5tlem5 to pursue _! vices )\t int]f]5ce2 b !y mu/ display discretion1 & n /ep ^u ! toes ( m>quises4 ,osc> ,wilde br\ght suit = sl&] aga9/ ,que5sbury2 & 8 lord%ip ralli$ 8 ari/ocratic fri5ds1 def5d$ himself successfully1 & !n _h ! audaci\s playwright arre/$ & prosecut$ = sodomy4 ,! ord9>y ,briti% citiz5 _h1 ( c\rse1 no k ( ! inside circum/ances ( ?is case2 all he saw 0 t a writ] ( na/y plays tripp$ jauntily into ! limelight & br\ght a libel suit aga9/ a fa!r = try+ to save 8 son4 ,( ! fact t ! fa!r 0 a bad "o1 & ! son worse1 & t ! c\rts 7 be+ us$ to ma9ta9 a corrupt rul+ class--^? ?+s ! av]age ,engli%man did n "k4 ,he w nev] "k !m until !re is a ,sociali/ daily press 9 ,engl&1 ) ! "r to tell ! tru? ab\t ! rul+ class1 some?+ :i* at pres5t ! libel laws prev5t4 ,"h is mat]ial = a drama1 f> great] ?an any t ,wilde wrote2 & ,frank ,h>ris gives u ! :ole /ory4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( x he sees ,osc> cle>ly z ! pitiful victim ( 8 own w-less nature2 b :5 ! trag$y ( ?is nature rea*es its climax1 ,h>ris lets himself be tempt$ into (f]+ ,wilde to u 9 a new rle1 t ( a p]secut$ h]o & m>tyr$ g5ius4 ,mu* z ,h>ris may abhor ,osc>'s s91 he abhors ! lead+ ,briti% virtues /ill m2 s he is 9 ! position ( ,milton deal+ ) ,satan--he _c keep f sympa?iz+ ) 8 "*1 9 spite ( logic4 ,to be sure1 he gives u ! facts1 s t we c judge = ourselves1 if we h ! bra9s2 & we mu/ try to be wor?y ( t tru/6 ,x seems evid5t en\gh t ,osc> 0 s5t to prison1 n because ( 8 g5ius1 nor yet because ( 8 vices1 b simply because he attack$ 9 a conspicu\s & aggravat+ way a memb] ( ! hall[$ rul+ ca/e ( ,brita94 ,y may call t turn+ ! trag$y into a ,sociali/ tract2 b a man _c int]pret any case ( social p]secution unless he sees its economic implications--unless1 9 o!r words1 he und]/&s ! class /ruggle4 ,if ,frank ,h>ris _h be5 a consci\s social revolutioni/1 8 book w\ld h be5 m p[]ful & conv9c+1 because he w\ld h be5 less tempt$ to blame individuals = evils :i* are social 9 _! orig94 ,he w\ld h giv5 u an economic int]pretation ( ,osc>1 ! spoil$ d>l+ ( a putresc5t leisure class1 ?r[n ov]bo>d1 l ,jonah1 z a sacrifice 9 a middle-class hurricane ( virtue4 ,osc> ,wilde 0 convict$ & s5t to prison2 & ( c\rse ,frank ,h>ris does n l prisons--he1 too1 has be5 s5t !re by ! ,briti% rul+ ca/e4 ,x is only natural t he %\ld ov]look 9 8 book ! significance ( ! fact :i* he himself records1 t ?is imprisonm5t 0 ! be/ ?+ t ev] happ5$ to ,osc>4 ,h>ris int]c$$ = him1 & 0 able to get him good food & ! "r to h 8 books2 he tells u t he notic$ dur+ 8 visits a 8spiritual deep5+0 9 ,osc>1 due to ! rigid discipl9+ ( 8 selfi% nature4 ,he 0 nev] s well or s mu* 9 possession ( 8 m5tal faculties z :5 he came out2 b imm$iately he w5t back to 8 vomit1 & ate & drank & loaf$ himself to dea?1 accord+ to ! cu/oms prevail+ 9 t putresc5t leisure class4 ,x seems to me t ! true conclusion to be drawn f ,frank ,h>ris' book is t decad5t poets %\ld be s5t to prison & kept !re p]man5tly4 ,any?+ to save !m f sm>t society6 ,:ile ,osc> 0 at l>ge1 ! pet ( ! cultur$ ri*1 he idl$ & wrote futile plays2 b :5 he 0 lock$ up1 he took life s]i\sly1 & wrote great lit]ature3 8,de ,pr(undis10 a /udy ( 8 spiritual reactions to 8 disgrace2 & 8,! ,ballad ( ,read+ ,gaol10 a supremely eloqu5t & noble poem1 ! poet's excuse = hav+ liv$4 ,read+ ^! two works we say1 by all means let u h prisons = w-less m52 places :]e su* unhappy be+s may h z mu* self-gov]nm5t z !y c use1 toge!r ) pla9 :olesome food1 mod]ate "w outdoors1 & en=c$ ab/95ce f alcohol & tobacco & drugs4 ,hav+ set up su* prisons1 let u keep 9 !m1 n m]ely all ?ieves & highwaym5 & e/hetes1 b m5 ( fa%ion1 pr9ces1 lords & dukes1 bi%ops1 /ock-brok]s & fat p]sons4 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,y said y 7 go+ to label all y\r jokes40 ,h] husb&1 aft] m$itat+1 rem>ks3 8,:at ,osc> ne$$ 0 ! "r sort ( a wife40 ,%e answ]s3 8,almo/ any wife w\ld h told him t a guilty man _c br+ a sl&] suit40 ,,*apt] ,,xcvi ,,! ,,:ite ,,*rysan!mum 8,:at tr\bles me10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8is t y call ?is a book ( all ! arts1 & cont9ue to deal ) lit]ature40 8,9 mod]n times ea* ( ! arts has develop$ a complicat$ te*nique2 & 9 ord] to analyze !m all & %[ :at !y mean1 "o w\ld h to "k mu* m ?an ,i "k4 ,b e n[ & !n x happ5s t a musician or pa9t] or sculptor is n satisfi$ ) 8 own art1 b uses m9e2 & !n ,i h him60 8,oh1 t m9e enemy w\ld write a book10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 ,james ,mc,neill ,:i/l] wrote a book2 he gave x a title3 8,! ,g5tle ,art ( ,mak+ ,enemies z ,pleas+ly ,exemplifi$ 9 ,_m ,in/ances1 ,:]e9 ! ,s]i\s ,ones ( ?is ,e>?1 ,c>efully ,exasp]at$1 ,h ,be5 ,prettily ,spurr$ on to ,unseeml9ess & ,indiscretion1 ,:ile ,ov]come by an ,undue ,s5se ( ,"r40 ,! pages ( ?is book are cov]$ ) butt]flies :i* ! pa9t] adopt$ z ! signature = 8 "w4 ,^! butt]flies are defiant1 c>e-free1 insol5t2 manife/ly1 "s "o has tak5 great pa9s ) !m1 & ) ! volume ?r\gh :i* !y flutt]4 ,/udy+ x1 we le>n :at k9d ( man x takes to succe$ z a leisure-class portrait-pa9t]4 ,:i/l] 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 8 fa!r be+ a major 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,we h se5 him 8let out0 f ,we/ ,po9t2 he 0 8defici5t 9 *emi/ry40 ,he w5t to ,p>is & liv$ ! ,bohemian /ud5t life = "s ye>s1 & imbib$ ^? ideas conc]n+ ! non-moral nature ( art1 :i* are a symptom ( ! dis9tegration ( our rul+ classes4 ,:i/l] settl$ 9 ,london4 ,he 0 unkn[n & an ,am]ican2 he _h new ideas ab\t pa9t+1 & ! ,royal ,academy w\ld h no?+ to d ) him1 s he _h to fight 8 way4 ,a fi]y little man1 ) wavy black locks & "o v s+ul> :ite lock ov] 8 =ehead1 he tra9$ 8 eyebr[s to /& out fi]cely1 & wore a little imp]ial & a monocle1 & c>ri$ a v long cane1 & a :ite *rysan!mum always 9 8 buttonhole4 ,he cultivat$ trucul5ce1 & 8 life 0 a succession ( conspicu\s libel suits & public qu>rels1 kept alive by lett]s to ! newspap]s4 ,to a little gr\p ( 8 intimates ,:i/l] c\ld be a *>m+ companion & ho/2 b :5 he w5t out into ! _w1 he put on armor l a h>d-%ell$ crab1 & 0 ready to bite ! head (f ! fir/ p]son :o got 9 8 way4 ,he w\ld hit a man 9 ! eye = diff]+ ) him indiscreetly2 once 9 a !at] he beat a critic ov] ! head ) 8 cane4 ,9 deadly s]i\sness he *all5g$ ,george ,moore to a duel1 & appo9t$ seconds1 & publi%$ ,moore's failure to reply4 ,because he 0 dissatisfi$ ) ! price paid him = ! portrait ( a c]ta9 lady1 he pa9t$ out ! lady's face4 ,he und]took to decorate a d9+-room = a weal?y %ip[n]1 & became fasc9at$ ) ! idea ( cov]+ walls & ceil+ ) an endless numb] ( peacocks 9 gold & blue4 ,he work$ ov] ?is 9 a fr5zy = mon?s4 ,! %ip[n] want$ 8 h\se1 b c\ld n h x2 ,:i/l] turn$ x into an art gall]y1 & br\ght ! critics z to a public %[4 ,! man _h agre$ to pay five hundr$ gu9eas = ! decorat+2 9 consid]ation ( ! un=ese5 am\nt ( "w1 he rais$ ! price to a ?\s&4 ,b ,:i/l] insi/$ ^u two ?\s&1 & flew into a furi\s rage ) ! man1 & c>ri$ ! r[ into ! newspap]s1 & pa9t$ mo/ odi\s c>icatures ( ! man & exhibit$ !m publicly4 ,:i/l] 0 n cont5t to be a great pa9t]2 he 0 also a lectur]1 man ( lett]s1 & hi/orian4 ,8 idea 0 t :5 he ov]came "o ( 8 enemies by a witty retort he made hi/ory1 & :5 he collect$ ^! retorts & ! /ories ( 8 qu>rels into a book1 he wrote hi/ory4 ,! collect+ 0 sugge/$ to him by a j\rnali/1 :o propos$ ! title1 & 0 au?oriz$ to ga!r ! v>i\s items f newspap] files4 ,aft] ! "w 0 done & ! book prep>$ & pr9t$1 ,:i/l] decid$ to take ! cr$it = himself1 s he s5t ! j\rnali/ a *eck = t5 p\nds & dismiss$ him4 ,naturally ! poor fell[ insi/$ t he _h rights 9 ! matt]1 & tri$ to br+ out ! book 9 ,belgium & 9 ,p>is4 ,:i/l] pursu$ him & _h him arre/$ & heavily f9$2 he took ov] ! man's idea & title1 & s we h ! beautiful volume ) ! fancy butt]flies4 ,:i/l]'s conduct ?r\gh\t ! affair 0 brutal1 & 8 book ,i am incl9$ to call ! mo/ hateful ?+ 9 pr9t4 ,its cont5t is ! egotism ( a highly intellig5t & p]si/5t hornet4 ,:i/l] has1 to be sure1 "s ideas to advocate4 ,he repr9ts a lecture call$ 8,t5 ,o'clock10 nam$ f ! aft]-d9n] h\r at :i* x 0 giv5 9 ,london4 ,to 8 well-f$ audi5ce he expla9$ t art is = arti/s1 :o alone c und]/& x2 art has no?+ to d ) ! p1 :o only degrade x :5 !y t\* x4 ,moreov]1 art has no conc]n ) morality1 :e!r individual or national2 89 no way d our virtues m9i/] to its wor?1 9 no way d our vices imp$e its triumph40 ,z = pa9t+1 ,:i/l] decl>$ x to be a matt] ( ! arrangem5t ( l9e1 =m & color2 x has no?+ to d ) any o!r idea1 n ev5 ) ! subject be+ pa9t$4 ,to quote ! pa9t]'s own words3 8,! subject matt] has no?+ to d ) ! h>mony ( color40 ,9 ord] to emphasize ?is po9t ( view ,:i/l] took to call+ 8 portraits by su* names z 8,h>mony 9 ,gre5 & ,rose10 8,caprice 9 ,blue & ,silv]10 8,symphony 9 ,:ite10 8,v>iations 9 ,violet & ,gre510 8,arrangem5t 9 ,black & ,gray40 ,"o ( 8 mo/ fam\s pa9t+s %[$ fireworks at night1 & 0 call$ 8,nocturne 9 ,black & ,gold40 ,john ,rusk9 wrote ( x3 8,i nev] expect$ to he> a coxcomb ask two hundr$ gu9eas = fl++ a pot ( pa9t 9 ! public's face40 ,s !re 0 a picturesque & s5sational libel suit1 & ! jury aw>d$ ,:i/l] damages ( "o f>?+1 t is1 half a c5t4 ,t 0 n en\gh to pay 8 lawy]'s fees1 & s ! pa9t] w5t into bankruptcy & sp5t a few ye>s 9 ,europe4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is art doctr9e s defiantly enunciat$8 ,! answ] is1 x is an ext5sion ( ! arti/'s egotism2 ! snobb]y ( 8 pr(ession & 8 ca/e1 9 e way & f e po9t ( view an anti-social & pr$atory ?+4 ,"h we are 9 ,london1 ! he>t & bra9 ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 at t "t ! greate/ ag5cy ( exploitation 9 ! _w4 ,"h is weal? & fa%ion1 repres5t+ ! wrung-out sweat & blood1 n m]ely ( enslav$ ,briti% work]s1 b ( enslav$ hundr$s ( millions ( black & br[n & yell[ races4 ,"h dwell ! ma/]s1 & !y wi% to flaunt _! spl5dor2 he$less ( ! groans & ! agony1 ! clamor ( all ! mis]y ( mank9d1 !y comm& a d9+-room pa9t$ ov] ) gold & blue peacocks1 or hung ) portraits ( _! spl5did pr$atory selves & _! lovely p>asitic females4 ,& "h come ! sw>ms ( pa9t]s compet+ = _! att5tion1 seek+ to flatt] _! vanity & awe _! ignorance4 ,"o hornet a little m v5om\s ?an ! re/ is able to impress 8 hornetry ^u !m1 to /ir _! gre$ by ! possibility t 8 pa9t+s may "s day be sold = ?\s&s ( p\nds4 ,s !y decide to h !mselves 8done0 by ?is /range g5ius4 ,!y come to 8 /udio & sp5d mon?s ( torm5t /&+ or sitt+ = him1 :ile he fusses & frets1 & pa9ts & wipes out & pa9ts aga91 tak+ inf9ite pa9s to see t ! ladies' dresses are made ( exactly ! "r quality ( musl91 cut & /it*$ 9 exactly ! "r way--because !re is "o c]ta9 precise k9d ( musl9 dress :i* is art1 & any o!r k9d is some?+ else4 ,all ?is is call$ 8beauty02 all ?is has laws1 s ,:i/l] tells u1 z def9ite & det]m9able z ! laws ( physics or *emi/ry4 ,beauty is a ?+ p]man5t & immortal1 & indep5d5t ( all o!r qualities--morality1 ju/ice1 heal?1 tru?1 hone/y4 ,! answ] is3 all ?is is poison\s nons5se1 h&$ out to ! ri* by ^? :o exploit _! vanity4 ,art )\t morality is simply art produc$ = patrons :o h no morality by arti/s :o h no morality4 ,z to ! p]man5ce ( su* art1 ! answ] is t its /&>ds are at e mom5t subject to ! attack ( m clev] devis]s ( new =ms ( folly & pret5se4 ,! prop] way to cut a musl9 dress today is an absurd way to cut x tomorr[2 & ! same applies to h>monies ( color & outl9es ( =m4 ,! ,turks *]i% fatness 9 wom51 because !y l to be com=table 9 _! h>ems2 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians ?\ght t emaciation 0 beautiful1 because x prep>$ !m = heav52 ,:i/l]1 wi%+ to flatt] ! ari/ocratic conceit ( 8 patrons1 pa9ts !m abnormally tall & lean1 because t is ! snobbi% notion 9 fa%ion at ! mom5t4 ,:i/l] 0 a great arti/ 9 ! te*nical s5se2 t is1 he le>n$ to put pa9t on canvas 9 su* a way z to convey an impression ( reality1 n m]ely physical b emotional & spiritual4 ,he 0 a t]rific work]1 z any man mu/ be to succe$ 9 ! fi]ce competition ( mod]n life4 ,he took 8 art ) s]i\sness2 & x happ5$ t twice 9 8 lifetime some?+ lift$ him above ! empty !ories 9 :i* he glori$4 ,! fir/ "t 0 :5 he pa9t$ 8 "m4 ,"h 0 a g5tle1 s5sitive1 sweet-fac$1 dev\t ,presbyt]ian old lady1 ) :om all 8 *ildhood memories 7 b\nd up2 he pa9t$ h] sitt+ ) h] h&s 9 h] lap1 & h] gray hair bru%$ d[n & cov]$ ) an old-fa%ion$ lace cap4 ,he call$ x 8,arrangem5t 9 ,black & ,gray02 & t is all "r1 because black & gray are old lady's colors4 ,b he w\ld h describ$ ! pa9t+ ev5 bett] if he _h giv5 x a moral title3 8,arrangem5t 9 ,rev]5ce & ,affection40 ,& !n came ,c>lyle2 poor1 bewild]$1 dyspeptic1 /ruggl+ old prophet f ,scotl&1 he look$ at ,:i/l]'s portrait ( 8 "m & lov$ x1 & cons5t$ to let ! pa9t] d ! same ?+ = him4 ,s "h is ano!r /udy1 pos$ 9 ! same way1 & call$ 8,arrangem5t 9 ,black & ,gray10 in/ead ( 8,arrangem5t 9 ,pity & ,pa?os40 ,^! two pictures h human feel+ & moral mean+2 !re=e !y are ! two :i* h be5 reproduc$1 & :i* ev]ybody kn[s & loves4 ,t is ! answ] to ,:i/l]'s art !ories2 b ( c\rse x is an answ] :i* he himself w\ld h scorn$--he w\ld h made a witticism on x1 & got out a new edition ( 8,! ,g5tle ,art ( ,mak+ ,enemies40 8,?is victory is n y\rs10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,x is ,dea?'s40 ,,*apt] ,,xcvii ,,! ,,duel ,,( ,,wit ,"s ye>s ago a /ory 0 told me conc]n+ a c]ta9 em95t man 9 ,engl&4 ,?is man came f ! common p2 he possesses "o ( ! f9e/ m9ds 9 ,engl&1 & he is ! *ampion ( all ?+s g5]\s & free 9 lett]s & life4 ,! lady :o told me ! /ory1 h]self a well-kn[n noveli/1 0 writ+ ab\t ! p>ticul> section ( society f :i* ?is man sprung1 & 9 :i* he _h liv$ 8 boyhood2 %e ne$$ an item ( local color1 & ask$ him h[ su* p pron\nce a c]ta9 ^w4 ,! man flu%$1 & dem&$3 8,h[ %\ld ,i "k80 ,i ?\ght ?is /ory "o ( ! mo/ awful ,i _h ev] he>d2 & ! lady noveli/ 0 %ock$ :5 %e saw h[ ,i took x1 = %e _h n meant to tell any?+ s s]i\s ab\t h] fri5d4 ,%e tri$ to expla9 to me1 x wasn't really s bad z x seem$2 ! pressure ( ca/e feel+ is s /rong 9 ,engl& t a man is irresi/ibly driv5 to cov] up 8 humiliat+ pa/4 ,i tell ! incid5t z prelim9>y to a discussion ( ,george ,m]$i?4 ,"h 0 a devot$ s]vant ( ! muses1 a ma/] ( 8 craft1 :o won a q unique position among 8 contempor>ies4 ,! public knew him n2 to ! end ( 8 life 8 books _h little sale1 & he 0 compell$ to support himself by odd jobs ( j\rnalism & publi%]'s read+4 ,b to ! inn] circle ( lett]s 8 "n became a k9d ( secret password2 he 0 ! *oice & preci\s "o1 ! poet's poet & ! noveli/'s noveli/1 & ! little c\ntry nook :]e he dwelt 0 a %r9e to :i* ! di/+ui%$ pilgrims travel$ f ,engl& & ,am]ica & ! ,cont95t4 ,b ov] ?is great writ]'s life !re hung a d>k %ad[2 a tragic secret1 hidd5 f ! _w1 dimly guess$ only by a few ( ! inn] circle4 ,:at _h be5 ! ma/]'s e>ly life8 ,he nev] spoke ( x4 ,:]e _h he sp5t 8 *ildhood8 ,no "o knew4 ,:]e _h he be5 born8 ,! gov]nm5t 0 collect+ "s k9d ( c5sus1 & put ! "q to its great noveli/1 & he li$2 he inv5t$ an imag9>y bir?place4 ,s he liv$ safe f sc&al1 & only aft] 8 dea? 0 ! dreadful tru? reveal$4 ,8 gr&fa!r _h be5 a tailor to naval (fic]s6 ,8 fa!r likewise _h be5 a tailor1 & fail+ 9 bus9ess1 _h gone to ,s\? ,africa & become a tailor !re4 ,8 son _h no?+ to d ) him & nev] spoke ( him4 ,:at !re is s especially dreadful ab\t a tailor y w h to ask "s ,engli%man to expla9 to y4 ,i p]sonally h kn[n tailors :o 7 exce$+ly k9d & g5]\s m52 ,i h kn[n tailors :o 7 /ud5ts & ?9k]s & devot$ work]s 9 ! ,sociali/ movem5t4 ,all t a tailor may be2 ,i suppose he may ev5 be a sa9t4 ,!re is only "o ?+ :i* he c nev] by any possibility be1 & t is an ,engli% g5tleman4 ,& ,george ,m]$i? aspir$ to be an ,engli% g5tleman2 he wrote ab\t ,engli% g5tlem5 9 all ! inf9ite subtleties ( _! relation%ip to o!r ,engli% g5tlem51 & m especially to ,engli% ladies4 ,he wi%$ to be1 n an int]lop] & obs]v]1 tol]at$ because ( 8 clev]ness ) ! p52 he wi%$ to be an au!ntic memb] ( ! ca/e1 s secure t he might ex]cise t mo/ *]i%$ ( all ! privileges ( ! ca/e--to ridicule o!r memb]s :o fall away f ! p]fect ca/e ideal4 ,d y ?9k t ,i am mak+ too mu* ( ?is frailty ( ,george ,m]$i?8 ,i answ] t x is ! key to ! und]/&+ ( ev]y?+ he wrote4 ,/op & ?9k :at x means t a man :o possess$ "o ( ! great intellects ( 8 "t1 :o _h all ! wisdom ( all ! ages at 8 comm&1 %\ld be s b[$ d[n ) awe be=e ! _s ( ca/e t he 0 will+ to lie ab\t himself4 ,i d n mean m]ely t su* a man's :ole life w\ld become a pose2 t he w\ld pret5d to be abnormally spiritual & ascetic1 :5 z a matt] ( fact he 0 /rongly attract$ to l>k-pies2 t he w\ld /udy 8 features1 & obs]v+ t he _h a ref9$ & s5sitive pr(ile1 w\ld place himself at ! w9d[ 9 su* a position t 8 ador]s w\ld gaze ^u ?is pr(ile dur+ ! c\rse ( _! visit4 ,:at ,i mean is t ?is man w\ld h a ca/e-ridd5 m9d2 ! subtleties ( ca/e di/9ction1 ! m9ute details ( appe>ance & conduct & ?\ght by :i* ca/e sup]iority is manife/$ & ma9ta9$--?is is ! /uff out ( :i* ! man's novels w\ld be made1 & ! !me ^u :i* 8 sup]f9e intellect w\ld be conc5trat$4 ,& s x is 9 ! ,m]$i?ian univ]se4 ,! d>k1 grim1 vaguely %ad[$ ,nemesis ( ! ,greeks is gone2 ,jehovah ) 8 ?und]s has be5 laid away ) ! o!r rubbi% 9 ! g>ret2 :at is left1 to dom9ate ! lives ( m5 & wom51 to bla/ _! hopes & lure !m to ru9 & despair1 is social conv5tion4 ,& all su* conv5tion may be boil$ d[n into "o =mula3 ?\ %alt n break into a ca/e high] ?an t to :i* y 7 born4 ,y may h money1 & try x2 y may pret5d to h money1 & try x2 b 9 bo? cases alike y w fail4 ,m]$i? gives u ma/]pieces 9 ! way ( impo/ors try+ to break 92 he is ev5 will+1 "u ! veil ( art1 to use 8 own tragic life-/ory1 & 9 8,evan ,h>r+ton0 he tells ab\t a tailor's son :o tries to break 94 ,he turn$ su* bla/s ( ridicule ^u ! poor tailor family & ! poor tailor /ate ( be+1 t ,m]$i?'s tailor fa!r d[n 9 ,s\? ,africa 0 %rivel$ up ) %ame1 & c\ld n !reaft] endure to he> 8 son's novels discuss$4 ,likewise1 wom5 fail to break into ! sacr$ ca/e4 ,!y h beauty1 !y h wit1 b no?+ avails4 ,! creator ( 8,diana ( ! ,crossways0 lays himself out to conv9ce u t ?is h]o9e is ! mo/ brilliant conv]sationali/ t ev] grac$ a ,london d9n]-table4 ,b %e _h to h money1 & s %e sells a gov]nm5t secret to a great newspap]1 & be+ discov]$1 is ?r[n out4 ,& if ,diana fail$1 ) all h] worldly gifts1 :at hope = poor ,lucy ,fev]el1 :o _h no?+ b c\ntry graces1 natural lovel9ess ( body1 & sweetness & k9dness & unselfi%ness ( _s8 ,! 8ordeal0 ( ,ri*>d ,fev]el lies 9 ! fact t be+ a son ( a rigid ,engli% g5tleman1 rigidly tra9$ accord+ to an ideal sy/em1 he falls 9 love ) a c\ntry fl[]1 & in/ead ( s$uc+ h] accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ca/e1 he m>ries h]4 ,s1 ( c\rse1 ! pair ( !m are trampl$4 ,! def5d]s ( ,m]$i? w say t he does n desire su* a /ate ( affairs2 he m]ely portrays x1 because x exi/s4 ,my answ] to t is ! famili> "o1 t art is propag&a4 ,if ,george ,m]$i? _h believ$ 9 ov]?r[+ ! ca/e sy/em 9 ,engl& he c\ld surely h f\nd ways to convey t fact to u4 ,he might h begun ) 8 own life2 he might h tak5 8 /& on a p$e/al & said3 8,i1 :o "k myself to be a highly intellectual noveli/1 am ! son & gr&son ( tailors1 & be pleas$ to make :at y c ( t40 ,if ,m]$i? _h realiz$ vitally & vividly ! anti-social nature ( ! ca/e sy/em1 & especially h[ t sy/em is ! v negation & dea? ( art--surely he w\ld h f\nd space 9 8 _m novels = at lea/ "o "* :o has a little success 9 ! ef=t to hold 8 head up aga9/ ! p[] ( snobb]y4 ,rememb]1 ?is 0 a "t 9 :i* ,alfr$ ,h>mswor?1 gutt]-j\rnali/1 became an e>l1 & ,keir ,h>die1 pit-boy1 became a labor h]o4 ,b ,m]$i?'s ca/e-b\nd *>act]s fail1 & fail )\t any h9t t !y might h succe$$4 ,i d n wi% to be unju/ to ?is brilliant noveli/1 :o 0 a mod]n man 9 _m ways4 ,he 0 entirely free f t religiosity :i* blight$ ,t5nyson's m9d4 ,he 0 cle>-sight$ ab\t love1 see+ t x is a ?+ ( fle% & _s1 & mu/ be bo?1 or nei!r4 ,also he /ood valiantly = ! rights ( ladies to be educat$1 & to h _! tal5ts recogniz$1 & to dispose ( _! own p]sonalities4 ,9 8 old age he advanc$ ! proposition t all m>riages %\ld be = a t]m ( ye>s1 & t at ! end ( ! t]m ! p>ties %\ld be free to rem>ry or n1 z !y wi%$4 ,t ?is mo/ s5sible idea did n raise m ( a /orm 0 because mo/ p]sons 9 ,brita9 took x = grant$ t ! noveli/ mu/ be jok+4 ,b z a rule :at we get f ,m]$i? is n social criticism 9 its broad s5se1 b m]ely ca/e criticism1 ! self-discipl9e ( ! privileg$ ord]s4 ,m]$i?'s greate/ novel is 8,! ,egoi/10 a q amaz+ /udy ( "o ( ^! sup]ior males1 a creature :o has be5 br\ght up f infancy to reg>d 8 sublime self z ! purpose = :i* 8 own family exi/s1 & "o ( a small gr\p ( select p]sons = :om ! ,briti% ,empire1 & !re=e ! _w exi/4 ,m]$i? lays him b>e = u 9 e turn & movem5t ( 8 be+1 & we loa! him he>tily1 & sympa?ize ) ! s]ies ( females ) :om he dallies 9 c\rt%ip4 ,m]$i? is "o ( ^? sup]-sophi/icat$ noveli/s :o are unwill+ to all[ u to be int]e/$ 9 a c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,! intellect 9 him has eat5 up & /]iliz$ ! emotions4 ,9 read+ him we are torm5t$ by a feel+ t 8 /ory & 8 *>act]s w\ld be delightful if only he w\ld give !m a *ance2 b he has su* a brilliant /yle1 he has s _m ideas to convey to u1 & s mu* %9+ wit & corruscat+ metaphor to display4 ,x is l an exhibit ( fireworks1 :i* c be mo/ ravi%+ = a few m9utes2 y cat* y\r brea?1 & ?9k y h nev] se5 any?+ m lovely4 ,b aft] an h\r or s y decide t fireworks lack v>iety4 ,?is inf9itely subtle & delicate1 witty & *>m+ p]sonality invites u to sit ) him z gods ^u ,olympus1 to look d[n ^u ! tragic fate ( mortals1 & f9d pleasure 9 ! irony ( _! failures4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,corneille1 we are conc]n$ ) ! /rife & cla% ( ari/ocratic egotisms2 we take "p 9 deadly intrigues1 & 9 duels )\t m]cy4 ,b times h *ang$1 & n[ no blood is %$1 no corpses cov] ! gr\nd2 x is a duel ( wit1 ) a dea?-bl[ 9 a phrase or ! lift+ ( an eye-br[4 ,wat*+ ! conflict1 we f9d ourselves ask+1 precisely z we ask$ ) ,corneille3 ,:at h we to d ) ^! puppets8 ,h[ d !y conc]n u8 ,:at reality is !re1 :at p]man5ce to ! conv5tions :i* dom9ate _! puppet m9ds8 ,:at real wisdom is !re beh9d _! volleys ( clev]ness8 ,s we realize t we are /ill 9 ! ,victorian age2 & ,victoria & bor$om are two words = "o ?+4 ,,*apt] ,,xcviii ,,! ,,cultur$-,,class ,,hi/orian ,we are gett+ d[n to mod]n times1 & h come to ! fir/ great arti/ ( :om ,i c say t ) my own eyes ,i saw him4 ,%ortly be=e ! w>1 com+ out ( ! d9+-room ( ! ,new ,re=m ,club 9 ,london1 my ho/1 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 /opp$ me & :isp]$3 8,!re sits ! ,great ,*am40 ,he may h said 8,great ,buddha0 or 8,great ,jupit]02 anyh[1 ,i look$1 & seat$ at a table 9 solit>y /ate 0 a l>ge eld]ly g5tleman1 ) l>ge bald head %9+ :itely1 & jaws mov+ m$itatively4 ,i knew him f 8 pictures2 & besides1 !re 0 at t "t only "o ,great ,*am1 or ,great ,buddha1 or ,great ,jupit] ( int]national lett]s4 ,i did n ask to meet him1 because1 hav+ read him1 ,i und]/ood ! ae/hetic proprieties1 & did n wi% to surprise a ,great ,ma/] ) 8 m\? full ( lun*4 ,also1 ! days ( my disciple%ip _h long s9ce pass$1 & ,i 0 n sure if ,i w\ld be able to ?9k ( j ! prop] delicate subtlety ) :i* to convey my attitude to "o :om ,i _h once rev]$1 & n[ reg>d$ ) affection because ( rev]5ce rememb]$4 ,t s5t5ce is a little long] & m subtle ?an ,i usually write--su* be+ ! effect ^u "o's /yle ( m]ely ?9k+ ab\t ,h5ry ,james4 ,9 my y\? ,i want$ to "k ! great _w1 & :o c\ld tell me ) su* compell+ au?ority8 ,i read ev]y?+ he _h writt5 up to t "t--no small task1 "s =ty volumes1 _m ( !m fat4 ,i /uck to x day & night = a c\ple ( mon?s1 & !n wrote an essay1 8,! ,leisure-,class ,hi/orian10 :i*1 alas1 no editor c\ld be f\nd to publi%1 & :i* 0 consum$1 ) all ! re/ ( my belong+s except "o night-%irt1 9 ! ,helicon ,hall fire4 ,com+ back to ! task at ?is int]val1 ,i realize t ,i gave ,h5ry ,james too broad a title2 he is 8! cultur$-class hi/orian40 ,he kn[s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! uncultivat$ mob ( idle ri*1 ! 8high-fe$+1 *ampagne-quaff+1 or*id-arrang+10 z he describes !m2 b 8 !me is t small section ( ! ri* :o possess ae/hetic s5sibilities1 & )draw 9 haughty alo(ness f high-fe$+1 *ampagne-quaff+1 & or*id-arrang+1 & live fa/idi\s lives devot$ to ! cultivation ( beauty4 ,! ^w 8beauty0 ,h5ry ,james und]/&s 9 ! broade/ s5se2 x cov]s n m]ely ! ?+s y look at1 b ! ?+s y d & ! ?+s y ?9k4 ,y recognize x by its be+ elegant1 dignifi$ & re/ra9$4 ,to an outsid] x might appe> cold1 b ! ,ma/] admits y to ! inside1 & y discov] t x is passionate1 quiv]+ ) feel+4 ,b x /]nly *ecks its impulses1 & seldom p]mits itself to d any?+ except to ?9k ab\t ! problems confront+ x1 to analyze ^! problems 9 m9ute detail1 to pile up subtlety & complication conc]n+ !m--lit]ally :ole m\nta9s ( complication2 or p]haps 7s9ce1 :5 y are read+ or writ+ or discuss+ ,h5ry ,james1 y anticipate _m v>iations ( metaphor1 & endless subtle %ad+s ( metaphor1 & p>5!tical disquisitions int]pret+ & qualify+1 & /ill fur!r1 z x 71 int5sify+ metaphor--ea* sep>ate complication1 y w note1 set ap>t f o!r complications by a comma7 x w\ld convey a m accurate impression ( ! au!ntic ,jamesian mann]1 if ,i 7 to say t he builds t[]+ /ructures ( subtle sophi/ication1 :i* /ructures y1 ) joy & excitem5t ( ! m9d1 see ris+1 unexpect$ly spl5did1 be=e y1 reveal+ new possibilities ( p5etration into ! ref9em5ts ( s5sibility1 z well z new possibilities ( s5t5ce /ructure1 :i* convey1 by inf9ite v>iation ( %ad+s1 a s5se1 or1 z x 71 almo/ a s5sation1 ( ! actuality ( exceptional m5tal exp]i5ce4 ,su* are ! great rambl+ s5t5ces1 ?r\gh :i* y /agg] & gasp y\r way4 ,y keep on1 because y f9d t ! old boy is really say+ some?+4 ,he is n delight+ 9 intricacy & sm>tness = _! own sake1 z y s (t5 feel to y\r annoyance ) ,m]$i?2 he is n delib]ately confus+ y ) useless obscure detail l ,br[n+2 he is really mak+ a h]oic ef=t to convey "s complicat$ intricacy 9 ! m5tal processes ( p :o n m]ely ?9k1 b :o ?9k ab\t ?9k+1 & ?9k ab\t ?9k+ ab\t ?9k+4 ,h5ry ,james 0 born 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahdc1 8 fa!r be+ a !ological writ]4 ,8 eld] bro!r1 ,william1 became a popul> pr(essor ( psy*ology at ,h>v>d1 ?us giv+ rise to ! je/ t 8,william is a psy*ologi/ :o writes l a noveli/1 & ,h5ry is a noveli/ :o writes l a psy*ologi/40 ,h5ry 0 tak5 abroad & educat$ 9 ,engl&1 ,france & ,switz]l&1 :i* _h ! effect ( cutt+ 8 roots f "u him4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-six he mov$ p]man5tly to ,engl&1 & f t "t made 8 home !re1 ) occasional trips to ! ,cont95t4 ,he 0 a s5sitive y\?1 quiet & %y2 he suff]$ f sp9al tr\ble1 & lik$ to sit quietly 9 draw+-rooms & li/5 to o!r p talk4 ,!n he w\ld g ap>t = long p]iods1 & reflect ^u :at he _h he>d1 & weave x into /ories4 ,he 0 grateful to 8 fri5ds if !y w\ld tell him _! tr\bles1 because t provid$ him ) copy2 b he nev] told anyone 8 own tr\bles1 & 8 fri5ds lo/ sight ( ! possibility t any?+ might ev] h happ5$ to him p]sonally4 ,edmund ,gosse1 :o became 8 intimate1 tells h[ 9 8 old age ,james1 walk+ up & d[n 9 a g>d5 "o ev5+1 0 sudd5ly mov$ to op5 8 he>t4 ,look+ up at a light 9 ! h\se1 he 0 rem9d$ ( a sc5e long1 long ago1 :5 he _h /ood 9 a /reet "o ra9y night1 look+ up ?us to a light$ w9d[1 expect+ to see a face1 b ! face _h n come4 ,t 0 all ( ! /ory2 b ,mr4 ,gosse 0 ?rill$1 ev5 appall$4 ,actually1 once ^u a "t1 some?+ _h happ5$ to ! ,ma/]6 ,x w\ld p]haps n be indelicate ( u to feel w>rant$ 9 assum+ t ?is some?+ _h to d ) ! relation ( ! sexes4 ,we note t ?is relation is1 l ev]y?+ else 9 ! ,h5ry ,james _w1 fa/idi\s1 res]v$1 & gov]n$ by ! ae/hetic s5sibilities4 ,^! p d n love1 !y talk ab\t lov+2 & z ye>s pass1 & ! lat] mann] gr[s1 _! talk comes m & m to deal ) ! condition ( hav+ be5 lov$4 ,9 8,daisy ,mill]10 an e>ly /ory :i* made ! "y au?or fam\s1 we see an innoc5t ,am]ican girl 9 ,rome1 :o to h] horror receives an improp] advance f a "y ,italian4 ,9 8,madame de ,mauves0 we see an ,am]ican lady1 unhappily m>ri$ to a ,fr5*man 9 ,p>is1 tempt$ by passion = a true "y ,am]ican4 ,b :5 we come to ! great long novels ) ! great long s5t5ces ( ! 8?ird mann]10 we f9d ourselves deal+ ) ! fact t once ^u a "t1 long1 long ago1 a man & a woman committ$ an impropriety1 & n[ somebody else is sl[ly f9d+ out ab\t x1 to ! g5]al horror & dismay4 ,?us 8,! ,gold5 ,b[l10 sev5 hundr$ & eighty-n9e closely pr9t$ pages1 deal+ ) ! m5tal & emotional reactions ( a woman :o has an intimate woman fri5d1 & discov]s t h] husb& has at "s pa/ p]iod be5 ! lov] ( ?is fri5d4 ,or 8,:at ,maisie ,knew10 9 :i* we discov] an anci5t intrigue ?r\gh ! eyes ( ! little daught] ( ! intrigu+ woman4 ,p]haps y ?9k y "k :at obsc5ity is1 b y get a new revelation ( its possibilities :5 y proce$ ?r\gh ! m9d ( a *ild to pick up h9ts & allusions ( ! eld]s1 & piece !m into a patt]n ( =nication4 ,h5ry ,james1 ! son ( an ,am]ican !ological writ]1 acquir$1 l ,haw?orne1 an inside k ( ,puritanism1 & 9 8 e>ly novels he took ! ,new ,engl& po9t ( view t[>d intrigues & improprieties4 ,?us ,daisy ,mill] is innoc5t & free1 & ! d>k1 wick$ ,italian misund]/&s h] fre$om1 & ?9ks %e is :at a girl ) su* mann]s w\ld be 9 ,europe4 ,madame de ,mauves1 a loyal wife1 is m>ri$ to a ,fr5*man ( no morals1 & :5 %e loves a true & good ,am]ican1 %e scorns to s91 = ! reason t %e w\ld be imitat+ ! ,fr5*man1 %e w\ld be do+ :at ! ,fr5*man expects h] to d4 8,! ,am]ican0 is a novel ab\t a 8man f home10 :o has made money1 & seeks a cultur$ wife among ! ,fr5* nobility1 & gradually f9ds t he is 9 a ne/ ( murd]s4 ,all regulation hundr$ p]c5t patriotic /uff6 ,b ,europe grew ^u ,h5ry ,james1 & ,am]ica fad$1 & ! ae/hetic s5sibilities became less ,puritanical & m cosmopolitan4 ,s we h 8,! ,ambassadors10 ! _w's great int]national novel4 ,some?+ ov] tw5ty ye>s ago ,i w5t ) a fri5d on a canoe+ trip 9 ! f> ,nor!rn wilds1 & = six weeks we saw only "o :ite man1 ! keep] ( a ,hudson ,bay trad+ po/4 ,baggage _h to be limit$ on su* a trip1 & ,i took only "o book4 ,ev5+ aft] ev5+ ,i w\ld read x1 a few pages at a "t1 ly+ 9 a t5t by c&le light4 ,s ,i _h pl5ty ( "t to note e subtlety1 & be=e ,i got ?r\gh ,i 0 talk+ ,h5ry ,james 9 my sleep4 ,n[ ! tw5ty ye>s are z a day1 & ! *>act]s & _! /ory are z vivid z ev] 9 my m9d4 ,a "y ,new ,engl&]1 son ( a weal?y family1 has come to ,p>is & settl$ !re1 refus+ to g home4 ,8 family s5d an eld]ly fri5d z ambassador to br+ back ! prodigal4 ,?is ambassador1 ^: "n is ,/re!r1 discov]s t a crude "y b>b>ian has be5 *ang$ by 8 ,p>isian life into a cultur$ & self-possess$ man ( ! _w4 ,/re!r is duly impress$ by ! *ange1 & attributes x to ! influ5ce ( a middle-ag$ ,fr5* lady1 :o has be5 ! "y man's good angel4 ,he writes ab\t ! situation1 b ! family is n satisfi$1 & ano!r ambassador comes1 ?is "t ! "y man's eld] si/]1 ! inc>nation ( ! acidul\s propriety ( ,new ,engl&4 ,?is si/] is n 9 ! lea/ impress$ by ! ,fr5* lady1 b on ! contr>y suspects ! v wor/ betwe5 ! lady & h] bro!r4 ,/re!r is %ock$ by h] crude ideas2 b !n comes ! climax ( ! drama--a sc5e :]e9 x is accid5tally reveal$ to ,/re!r t ! acidul\s si/] is "r2 a "p ( ! process :]eby ! *>m+ ,fr5* lady has civiliz$ ! "y b>b>ian has be5 to take him z h] lov]4 ,s two civilizations meet1 & 9 ! cla% betwe5 !m we see ! he>ts ( bo? reveal$4 ,y note t 9 all ^! /ories we are deal+ ) well-to-d p4 ,no o!r k9d ( p exi/ 9 ! _w ( ,h5ry ,james4 ,su* highly complicat$ & subtle ae/hetic s5sibilities are only possible 9 connection ) l>ge sums ( money1 freely furni%$ to ! *>act]s )\t ef=t on _! "p4 ,x is impossible to imag9e any p]son 9 ! 8?ird mann]0 be+ s vulg> z to make1 or ev5 to take money4 ,:at !y d is to sp5d money elegantly1 & :5 !y meet p]sons :o sp5d x inelegantly1 !y turn away 9 dignifi$ disda94 ,!re are only a few passages 9 :i* ! noveli/ condesc5ds to be aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! l[] ord]s1 :o by _! toil produce ! weal? :i* makes ! ae/hetic s5sibilities possible4 ,we get "o su* glimpse 9 8,! ,pr9cess ,casamassima02 ! h]o glances at ! wom5 & girls ( ! work+ classes1 & !n3 8,:at rem$y b ano!r deluge1 :at al*emy b annihilation80 he ask$ himself z he w5t 8 way2 & he wond]$ :at fate !re c\ld be1 9 ! great s*eme ( ?+s1 = a planet ov]gr[n ) su* v]m91 :at r$emption b to be hurl$ aga9/ a ball ( consum+ fire4 ,?is cultur$-class h]o fails to ask himself :at w\ld happ5 to 8 cultur$ self if ! work+-class v]m9 7 to be wip$ out4 ,manife/ly1 ^! v]m9 h to be all[$ to g on work+1 9 ord] t elegant illum9ati f ,am]ica & ,engl& & ,italy & ,france may ga!r 9 ! great capitals to li/5 to beautiful music & att5d ! newe/ art exhibitions & discuss ! newe/ books4 ,x is necess>y t hundr$s ( millions ( peasants %\ld drudge on ! rack-r5t$ soil ( ,europe1 x is necess>y t mill slaves 9 ,new ,engl& & sweat-%op slaves 9 ,new ,york & m9e slaves 9 ,p5nsylvania %\ld we> out _! bodies1 9 ord] t culture ambassadors may acquire old _w subtlety & und]/&+2 may wat* ! 8,european sc5e0 &1 by report+ x = u1 enable u1 at lea/ 9 imag9ation1 to escape ! crudity & prov9ciality ( our home lives4 ,h5ry ,james wrote a biography ( ,haw?orne1 :o z a fell[ suff]] "u ,puritanism he greatly admir$2 & 9 ! c\rse ( t biography he drew a picture ( ! 8,am]ican sc5e10 :i* enables u to und]/& :y a cultur$-class noveli/ fl$ f x at ! age ( tw5ty-six1 & came back = only "o visit 9 a long lifetime4 ,read ! li/ ( our defici5cies--& d n read x hurri$ly1 b /op &1 z ,h5ry ,james w\ld say1 8sav\r0 ea* phrase1 realiz+ ! mass ( cont5t x has to ! ae/hetically s5sitive m9d3 ,no sov]eign1 no c\rt1 no p]sonal loyalty1 no ari/ocracy1 no *ur*1 no cl]gy1 no army1 no diplomatic s]vice1 no c\ntry g5tlem51 no palaces1 no ca/les1 no manors1 nor old c\ntry-h\ses1 nor p>sonages1 nor ?at*$ cottages1 nor ivi$ ru9s2 no ca!drals1 no abbeys1 nor little ,norman *ur*es2 no great ,univ]sities nor public s*ools--no ,ox=d1 nor ,eton1 nor ,h>r[2 no lit]ature1 no novels1 no museums1 no pictures1 no political society1 no sport+ class--no ,epsom nor ,ascot6 ,,*apt] ,,xcix ,,! ,,premi] ,,noveli/ ,we h /udi$ two great noveli/s ( ! lat] ,victorian age :o fail$ ( wide popul>ity4 ,we %all n und]/& t age completely unless we /udy "o :o 0 cr[n$1 n m]ely by ! critics1 b by ! mass ( novel-read+ ladies4 ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d 0 h] "n1 & %e takes me back to ! days :5 ,i 0 a poor devil ( a w\ld-be writ]1 half />v+ 9 a ,new ,york lodg+-h\se4 ,:at made success 9 ! _w ( books8 ,i _h to "k1 or die2 & ! ,new ,york 8,times0 0 k9d en\gh to publi% a weekly review to give me ! in=mation4 ,e ye> or two !re w\ld appe> a new novel by ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d2 & always ?is novel w\ld be ! occasion = a gr& /ate review1 sign$ by ! "n ( "s em95t pundit1 occupy+ pages "o & two1 ) a l>ge portrait on page "o4 ,s ,i knew t ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d 0 mod]n lit]ature1 & read ea* novel z "p ( my life tra9+4 ,i read x ) a m+l+ ( int]e/ & fe>2 int]e/1 because x told me ab\t a set ( p :om ,i knew did actually exi/1 & did actually gov]n ! _w 9 :i* ,i liv$2 & fe>1 because ?is set ( p1 s obvi\sly bo? pr$ace\s & /upid1 7 s p[]fully buttress$ by ! pre/ige ( snobb]y1 & protect$ by ! holy mantle ( religion4 ,no noveli/ e wor%ipp$ ,mammon-respectability m pi\sly or portray$ x ) m pati5t devotion ?an ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d 9 h] lat] ye>s4 ,%e 0 br\ght up 9 ! inn] circle ( culture2 h] fa!r 0 an ,ox=d big-wig1 & ,mat!w ,arnold 0 h] 8,uncle ,matt40 ,ev]y?+ t education c\ld d = a "y girl 0 done = h]1 & %e 0 writ+ a hi/ory ( ,spa9 at ! age ( tw5ty4 ,incid5tally1 %e 0 dream+ a wond]ful dream--t "s day %e might be pres5t$ at c\rt4 ,h] fir/ novel1 8,rob]t ,elsm]e10 dealt ) ! subject ( religion4 ,a l>ge section ( ! idl+ classes ( ,engl& get _! incomes by believ+ t ,jesus 0 born ( a virg9 & t ,jonah swall[$ a :ale2 & ) ! progress ( sci5ce !y 7 naturally f9d+ ?is m & m difficult4 ,a s*ool ( +5i\s ,bible-twi/]s arose1 to inv5t symbolical & lit]>y mean+s = fairy-tales1 9 ord] t p :o no long] believ$ c\ld cont9ue ) good consci5ce to collect ! sal>ies ( belief4 ,mrs4 ,w>d made h] h]o "o ( ^! new-/yle cl]gym51 & somebody p]suad$ ,glad/one to read ! novel1 & he wrote a long refutation ( x1 :i* caus$ a trem5d\s fuss4 ,/atesm5 9 ,engl&1 z a rule1 read only ,?ucydides & ,hom]1 :ile 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !y read only ! 8,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/40 ,!re 7 a great _m p :o nev] saw a mod]n novel1 :o ha/5$ to read x :5 ,glad/one call$ x dang]\s4 ,half a million copies 7 sold 9 our c\ntry1 & ,mrs4 ,w>d's =tune 0 made4 ,%e _h begun1 y see1 z a radical2 & 9 h] next novel1 8,! ,hi/ory ( ,david ,grieve10 %e glorifies a "y h]o :o devotes himself to social re=m4 ,b 9 a v few ye>s success & weal? & ! applause ( ! great *ang$ ! hue ( ?is lady noveli/'s reflections4 ,%e wrote 8,m>cella10 a complete recantation ( h] unor?odoxy1 & a picture ( :at _h gone on 9 h] m9d4 ,lead]s ( labor & social re=m]s n[ turn out to be dang]\s demagogs2 & a beautiful h]o9e1 :o loves "o1 discov]s ! error ( h] way1 & comes back to safety z ! wife ( a nobleman's son4 ,f :i* "t on ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d 0 safe = ari/ocracy4 ,%e mov$ to a mansion 9 ,grosv5or ,place1 :]e %e _h a view ( ! g>d5 ( ,buck+ham ,palace4 ,%e became an intimate ( du*esses1 & a great figure 9 society & politics4 ,h] publi%] w\ld negotiate ) ,am]ica be=e breakfa/1 & get h] sev5 ?\s& p\nds advance on a new novel2 s ! good lady sp5t ! re/ ( h] life gr9d+ out a s]ies ( glorifi$ pot-boil]s 9 support ( ! ,tory pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t4 ,ea* novel 0 an ,anglo-,saxon _w ev5t1 & ! c\nt]s ( book-/ores 9 ! fa%ionable %opp+ di/ricts ( ,am]ica 7 pil$ to ! ceil+ ) ! new volume4 ,mrs4 ,w>d's foll[+ 0 ! ,anglomaniac mob1 p :o h b "o idea 9 life1 to imitate ! ,briti% gov]n+ classes2 ! sort ( p :o /udy ^? page adv]tisem5ts & speculate anxi\sly3 8,:at is ,wrong ) ?is ,picture80 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,i 0 9 t mob4 ,9 our t[n 9 ,mississippi !re 0 no book-/ore1 b an adv5tur\s ,jew :o kept a cig>-/ore _h ! idea ( gett+ a %elf ( mod]n novels & r5t+ !m = t5 c5ts a volume4 ,i 0 ! fir/ "y lady 9 ! t[n :o _h ! c\rage to g into a cig>-/ore1 & ,i set all ! o!r "y ladies to read+ ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d40 8,:at did y get out ( x80 8,i nev] c\ld f9d out4 ,x 0 all ab\t ,briti% political life2 p 7 pull+ & haul+ & intrigu+1 b ,i nev] c\ld und]/& :at _! pr9ciples 71 or :at !y expect$ to d :5 !y got elect$40 8,t's ! po9t exactly2 !re are no pr9ciples1 !re are only p>ties4 ,:i*ev] "o gets 9 con/itutes ! #8gov]nm5t1' & its task is to hold labor by ! ?roat :ile capital picks its pockets4 ,labor produces a sov]eign a day1 & capital takes x1 & gives labor f\r %ill+s wages1 & labor tips its cap & is grateful4 ,& !n capital's favorite lady-noveli/ comes r\nd ) a m>ket basket conta9+ sixp5ce wor? ( food & m$ic9e2 :i* is call$ *>ity1 & is ! means ( gett+ labor's vote at election "t40 ,su* 0 ! private life ( ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d4 ,%e 0 :at is call$ 8philan?ropic02 t is1 %e 0 prom95t 9 ^? society activities :i* help ! poor by play+ ^u ! vanity & love ( display ( ! ri*4 ,h] life consi/$ 9 ru%+ ab\t f "o meet+ to ano!r1 %ak+ h&s & *att+1 ru%+ home to dress & d9e ) prom95t p1 & !n read+ ab\t x 9 ! next day's newspap]s4 ,%e 0 s busy ) all ?is t %e c\ld only f9d half an h\r a day 9 :i* to read ,greek6 ,! *>act]s 9 h] books are busy ) ! same k9d ( activities4 ,! lead+ man is a h&some "y ari/ocrat1 ^: occupation is becom+ premi]4 ,we nev] h any idea :y he wants to be premi]1 except t z h]o t is 8 function4 ,! idea t ! p ( ,engl& %\ld ask reasons = mak+ an empty-head$ noodle into _! premi] is "o t nev] occurs to anyone 9 ! novels4 ,:at int]e/s u is ! ef=ts ( ! "y man's fri5ds to pu% him 91 & ! ef=ts ( 8 enemies to b> him out4 ,success or failure 9 all su* 8political novels0 dep5ds on "o factor1 an entanglem5t ( sex4 ,x appe>s t ! ,engli% vot]s insi/ rigidly ^u "o requirem5t--t ! /atesman :o holds !m by ! ?roat :ile _! pockets are be+ pick$ %all be o/5sibly *a/e4 ,! law may be summ$ up by say+ t he is p]mitt$ to h only "o leisure-class female dur+ 8 life4 ,( c\rse1 if %e dies1 he is p]mitt$ "o m leisure-class female2 b = ! re/1 he is requir$ to satisfy 8 ne$s ) females ( l[] classes4 ,political novels d]ive _! plots f ! fact t occasionally "s /atesman fails to con=m to ?is law2 !re is a /atesman :o wants two ladies1 or !re are two ladies :o want ! /atesman4 ,nature has n creat$ man exclusively = ! purpose ( we>+ a top-hat & a frock-coat1 & mak+ spee*es 9 ,p>liam5t2 nor d all wom5 f9d complete satisfaction1 l ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d1 9 political labors to keep o!r wom5 f gett+ ! vote4 ,!re are wom5 ) mis*ief 9 !m1 :o endeavor to tempt /atesm5 f exclusive devotion to 8c>e]s40 ,& ! /atesm5 are tempt$2 !y commit indiscretions1 su* z tak+ walks 9 ! moonlight ) ! evil females2 & a ?rill runs ?r\gh all 8society10 & ! tongues ( ! gossips wag furi\sly4 ,did !y8 ,or did !y n8 ,! fri5ds ( ! /atesman rally to save him2 & ! enemies ( ! /atesman %>p5 _! tomahawks2 & ,anglomaniacs1 wat*+ ! sc5e1 are ?rill$ z :5 ,blond9 on ! tight-rope sets out to walk across ,niag>a ,falls4 8,we don't really ne$ to worry10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi2 8a h]o is always a h]o1 & 9 all ! books t ,i got f ! little cig>-/ore 9 ! ,mississippi t[n1 ,i _c recall t "o h]o ev] fail$ to become premi]40 8,x w\ld be int]e/+10 says ,ogi1 8to compile /ati/ics on ! "q3 ,h[ _m premi]s h !re be5 9 ! novels ( ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d1 & h[ _m 9 ! rec5t hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,empire80 ,,*apt] ,c ,,! ,,uncr[n$ ,,k+ ,we come n[ to /udy ,am]ica 9 ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! dom9at+ factor 9 ?is p]iod 0 ! ,civil ,w>1 a conflict 9 :i* ! physical & moral en]gy ( ! c\ntry 0 exhau/$4 ,!re foll[$ ! inevitable reaction3 ,abraham ,l9coln 0 succe$$ by ! c>petbagg] 9 ! ,s\? & ! t>iff-boodl] 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! v h]o :o _h l$ ! nation to victory1 & _h said1 8,let u h peace10 ent]$ ! ,:ite ,h\se to turn ! gov]nm5t ov] to corruptioni/s4 ,9 ! two g5]ations foll[+ ! ,civil ,w> ,am]ica made enorm\s mat]ial & "s intellectual progress1 b no moral progress disc]nible4 ,z ,i write ?is book1 our political morals are embodi$ 9 a po/-campaign je/3 8,! ,republicans %\ld h /ol5 ! ,wa%+ton monum5t1 & !n ,coolidge w\ld h c>ri$ ,florida & ,s\? ,c>ol9a40 ,prov9cial ,am]ica 9 ! decades foll[+ ! ,civil ,w> bas$ its religion ^u ! dogma t x 0 ! mo/ p]fect nation ^u ,god's foot/ool4 ,! :isky-dr9k+1 tobacco-*ew+1 obsc5ity-n>rat+1 ,gr& ,old ,p>ty-vot+ mob w\ld tol]ate no criticism1 n ev5 t k9d impli$ by liv+ diff]5tly4 ,to x an arti/ 0 a freak1 :om x puni%$ ) mock]y & practical jokes4 ,!re 7 only two possible ways = him to survive2 "o 0 to flee to ,new ,york & be lo/ 9 ! cr[d2 ! o!r 0 to turn into a cl[n & jo9 9 laugh+ at himself1 & at ev]y?+ he knew to be s]i\s & beautiful 9 life4 ,?is latt] c\rse 0 adopt$ by a man ( truly great tal5t1 :o might h become "o ( ! _w's satiric ma/]s if he _h n be5 ov]p[]$ by ! _s ( ,am]ica4 ,8 tragic /ory has be5 told 9 a rem>kable /udy1 8,! ,ordeal ( ,m>k ,twa910 by ,van ,wyck ,brooks4 ,= some?+ l =ty ye>s ,m>k ,twa9 liv$ z an uncr[n$ ,am]ican k+2 8 fri5ds ref]r$ to him ?us--8! ,k+40 ,8 0 a life :i* seem$ to h come out ( ! ,arabian ,nights' en*antm5t4 ,8 slighte/ move 0 good = columns 9 ! newspap]s2 :5 he travel$ ab\t ! _w he 0 8 c\ntry's ambassador at l>ge--8 baggage travel$ free "u consul> disp5sation1 & 9 ,london & ,vi5na ! v traffic regulations 7 susp5d$4 ,:5 he w5t to ,wa%+ton to plead = copyright laws1 ! two h\ses adj\rn$ to he> him1 & ! speak] ( ! ,h\se turn$ ov] 8 private (fice to ! k+ ( lett]s4 ,he made ?ree hundr$ ?\s& doll>s out ( a s+le book1 he made a =tune out ( any?+ he *ose to write4 ,! greate/ millionaires ( ! c\ntry 7 8 intimate fri5ds2 he _h a happy family1 a /rong con/itution1 inexhau/ible en]gy--:at m c\ld a human be+ ask8 ,& yet ,m>k ,twa9 0 n happy4 ,he grew less & less happy z "t pass$4 ,bitt]ness & despair began to creep into 8 writ+s2 s5t5ces l ?is3 8,pity is = ! liv+1 envy is = ! dead40 ,/rang] yet1 x began to be :isp]$ t ,am]ica's uncr[n$ k+ 0 a radical6 ,9 times ( /ress "s ( u w\ld g to him = help1 = a ^w ( sympa?y or back+1 & always ?is /range ?+ 0 notic$2 he 0 full ( und]/&+1 & w\ld agree ) ev]y?+ we said2 yes1 he 0 "o ( u4 ,b :5 we ask$ = a public action1 a decl>ation1 he 0 n !re4 8,! ,jungle0 0 publi%$1 & he wrote me a lett]4 ,x 0 burn$ 9 ! ,helicon ,hall fire1 & ,i recall only "o /atem5t3 he _h _h to put ! book d[n 9 ! middle1 because he c\ld n endure ! angui% x caus$ him4 ,naturally1 ,i _h my ?\ghts ab\t su* a rem>k4 ,:at "r has a man to refuse to endure ! angui% ( kn[+ :at o!r human be+s are suff]+8 ,if ^! suff]+s _c be help$1 :y !n p]haps we may flee f !m2 b ?9k :at ! uncr[n$ k+ ( ,am]ica c\ld h done1 9 ! way ( back+ a "y au?or :o _h aim$ at ! public's he>t & by accid5t _h hit x 9 ! /oma*6 ,!n came ! ,gorki case4 ,! great ,russian writ] came to ,am]ica to plead = fre$om = 8 c\ntry1 & to raise money = ! cause4 ,! intrigu]s ( ! ts> set out to ru9 him1 & turn$ ! bloodh\nds ( ! capitali/ press ^u him4 ,a d9n] 9 ,gorki's honor _h be5 plann$1 & ,m>k ,twa9 & ,william ,dean ,h[ells 7 among ! sponsors4 ,! /orm ( sc&al broke1 & ^! two great ones ( ,am]ican lett]s turn$ tail & fl$ to cov]4 ,a ye> or two lat] ,m>k ,twa9 0 visit+ ,b]muda1 & came to see me4 ,he _h tak5 to we>+ a conspicu\s :ite co/ume1 & ) 8 sn[-:ite hair & mu/a*e he 0 a picturesque figure4 ,he *att$ ab\t pa/ times1 z old m5 l to d4 ,i saw t he 0 k9d1 w>m-he>t$1 & also full ( rebellion aga9/ capitali/ gre$ & knav]y2 b he 0 an old man1 & a sick man1 & ,i did n try to probe ! my/]y ( 8 life4 ,! worm :i* 0 gnaw+ at 8 he>t 0 n reveal$1 until 9 ! c\rse ( "t 8 lett]s 7 giv5 to ! public4 ,n[ we "k ! amaz+ /ory--t ,m>k ,twa9 liv$ a d\ble life2 he1 ! uncr[n$ k+ ( ,am]ica1 0 ! mo/ repress$ p]sonality1 ! mo/ completely c[$1 %am$1 & torm5t$ great man 9 ! hi/ory ( lett]s4 ,he 0 born 9 a ,miss\ri ,riv] t[n 9 #ahce4 ,8 fa!r 0 a futile dream] ) a p]petual motion ma*9e4 ,8 "m 0 a victim ( pat5t m$ic9es1 :o _h se5 bett] days1 & re>$ a family ( ragg$ brats 9 a f\l & %abby environm5t1 :]e a boy saw f\r sep>ate murd]s ) 8 own eyes4 8,little ,sam0 0 a %y1 s5sitive *ild1 8 "m's d>l+1 & %e rais$ him 9 a fi]ce det]m9ation to h him gr[ up respectable & ri*4 ,he became a pr9t]1 !n a pilot on ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,?is latt] 0 a great c>e]2 ! riv] pilot 0 ! uncr[n$ k+ ( ?is we/]n c\ntry4 ,he saw all ! _w 9 glori\s fa%ion2 he 0 a real arti/1 & at ! same "t c>ri$ a solemn responsibility4 ,! ,civil ,w> de/roy$ ?is c>e]1 & ,m>k ,twa9 w5t out to ,nevada to become a gold m9]1 promis+ 8 "m t he w\ld nev] return until he _h made a =tune4 ,he fail$ z a m9]1 & 0 =c$ to live by j\rnalism4 ,s he drift$ into becom+ ! _w's buffoon4 ,he always despis$ x--s mu* s t he put a pi/ol to 8 head4 ,b he lack$ ! c\rage to pull ! trigg]1 & _h to g on & be a writ]4 ,8 8,jump+ ,frog0 /ory w5t ar\nd ! _w2 aft] :i* he came ,ea/1 & wrote 8,innoc5ts ,abroad10 & made 8 ?ree hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,%ortly aft] t he ex*ang$ ! dom9ation ( 8 "m = t ( a wife4 ,he fell 9 love ) ! daught] ( a weal?y coal-deal] 9 ,elmira1 ,new ,york4 ,!re 0 a t]rible 8to d0 ab\t x 9 respectable 8up-,/ate0 circles1 = ,samuel ,clem5s 0 a wild & woolly we/]n]1 :o didn't "k h[ to h&le a knife & =k1 :ile ! daught] ( ! coal-deal] _h be5 br\ght up on an income ( =ty ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,h[ev]1 ?is /range lov] 0 a 8lion10 s !y decid$ to accept him & tea* him p>lor tricks4 ,!y gave ! "y c\ple a c>riage & coa*man1 & a h\se :i* _h co/ tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s2 x wasn't long be=e he 0 completely ju/ify+ _! fai?1 by liv+ at ! rate ( a hundr$ ?\s& a ye>4 ,! wife 0 a frail woman1 a semi-invalid1 & ,m>k ,twa9 ador$ h]2 also1 he 0 awe-/rick5 be=e h]1 because ( h] extremely high social position4 ,%e 0 ignorant1 prov9cial1 rigidly fix$ 9 a n>r[ *ur*-go+ respectability2 by ^! /&>ds %e br\ght him up1 & rais$ a c\ple ( daught]s to help him4 ,z ,clem5s phras$ x1 8 wife 8edit$0 him2 z 8 daught]s phras$ x1 !y 8du/$ papa (f40 ,:at ^! wom5 did to ,am]ica's greate/ humori/ makes "o ( ! mo/ amaz+ /ories 9 ! hi/ory ( culture4 ,!y w5t ov] ev]y?+ he wrote & revis$ x accord+ to ! /&>ds ( ! ,elmira b\rgeoisie4 ,!y suppress$ ! great] "p ( 8 mo/ vital ideas1 & kept him f f9i%+ 8 mo/ important works4 ,:5 he wrote some?+ commonplace & conv5tional !y fell on 8 neck ) delight1 & help$ to sp5d ! =tune :i* x br\ght 94 ,:5 he told ! tru? ab\t ,am]ica1 or voic$ 8 own conclusions ab\t life1 !y =c$ him to burn x1 or hide x 9 ! bottom ( a trunk4 ,8 "o ma/]piece1 8,huckleb]ry ,f9n10 he wrote secretly at odd mom5ts1 tak+ _m ye>s at ! task1 & f9ally publi%+ x ) anxiety4 ,mrs4 ,clem5s came home f *ur* "o day1 horrifi$ by a rumor t h] husb& _h put "s swe> words into a /ory2 %e made him produce ! manuscript1 9 :i* poor ,huck1 tell+ h[ he c't live 9 ! respectable _w1 exclaims3 8,!y comb me all to hell40 ,n[ :5 y read 8,huckleb]ry ,f9n10 y read3 8,!y comb me all to ?und]60 ,m>k ,twa9 _h 9 him ! mak+ ( "o ( ! _w's great satiri/s4 ,he might h made ov] ,am]ican civilization1 by laugh+ x out ( its %ams & pret5sions4 ,b he 0 n p]mitt$ to express himself z an arti/2 he mu/ emulate 8 fa!r-9-law1 ! ,elmira coal-deal]4 ,! unhappy wret* turn$ 8 att5tion to bus9ess v5tures1 & />t$ a huge publi%+ bus9ess1 to publi% 8 own & o!r books4 ,he sold ?ree hundr$ ?\s& copies ( ,g5]al ,grant's ,memoirs1 & sold hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( copies ( o!r books1 utt]ly wor?less f ! lit]>y po9t ( view4 ,he 0 always at ! m]cy ( inv5tors ) "s new s*eme to make millions4 ,= example1 !re 0 a typesett+ ma*9e2 he sunk a huge =tune into t1 & w\ld sp5d 8 "t figur+ :at he 0 go+ to make--s _m millions t x almo/ made a billion4 ,he 0 a wret*$ bus9ess man1 & fail$ ignom9\sly & w5t into bankruptcy1 los+ 8 wife's money z well z 8 own4 ,h4 ,h4 ,rog]s1 ma/] pirate ( ,/&>d ,oil1 came =w>d & took *>ge ( 8 affairs1 incid5tally play+ billi>ds ) him until f\r o'clock e morn+4 ,& !n "s "y radical br\ght him an exposure ( ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company1 expect+ him to publi% ?is book z a public s]vice6 ,go+ back to ,m>k ,twa9's books1 we c read ^! facts betwe5 ! l9es1 & see t he put 8 balk$ & *eat$ self1 or "s aspect ( ?is self1 into 8 *>act]s4 ,we und]/& h[ he p\r$ 8 s\l into ,huck ,f9n2 ?is poor h5peck$ g5ius1 dress$ up & made to g ?r\gh ! paces ( a lit]>y lion1 ye>ns back to ! days :5 he 0 a ragg$ ur*9 & 0 happy2 ,huck ,f9n & ,tom ,sawy] repres5t all t d>+1 t escape f ! b\rgeois _w1 :i* ,sam ,clem5s dream$ b nev] a*iev$4 ,he put ano!r side ( himself into ,colonel ,sell]s1 :o imag9$ =tunes2 & yet ano!r side into ,pudd'nhead ,wilson1 ! village a!i/ :o mock$ at ! %ams ( religion4 ,secretly ,m>k ,twa9 himself loa!d ,*ri/ianity1 & wrote a lett] ( cordial praise to ,rob]t ,+]soll2 b publicly he w5t to *ur* e ,sunday1 escort+ 8 sa9tly wife1 accord+ to ! cu/oms ( ,elmira6 ,! m y read ?is /ory ! m appall+ y f9d x4 ,?is uncr[n$ k+ ( ,am]ica built up lit]ally a d\ble p]sonality2 he took to writ+ two sets ( lett]s1 "o conta9+ :at he really want$ to say1 & ! o!r :at 8 (ficial public self 0 oblig$ to say4 ,he accumulat$ a volume ( 8unmail$ lett]s10 "o ( ! weirde/ ph5om5a 9 lit]>y hi/ory4 ,he 0 indignant at ! end+ ( ! ,russian-,japanese w>1 because he believ$ t if x _h cont9u$ = a c\ple ( mon?s m ! ts> w\ld h be5 ov]?r[n4 ,:5 ,colonel ,george ,h>vey invit$ him to d9e ) ! ,russian emiss>ies to ! ,portsm\? ,conf]5ce1 he wrote a bli/]+ telegram1 9 :i* he decl>$ himself inf]ior z a humori/ to ^? /atesm5 :o _h 8turn$ ! trag$y ( a trem5d\s w> into a gay & bli!some com$y40 ,b he did n s5d t telegram2 he s5t ano!r1 full ( su* enraptur$ praise ( ! ,russian diplomats t ,c\nt ,witte s5t x to ! ts>6 ,t is only "o sample out ( _m4 ,he wrote a ,w> ,pray]1 a grim satire ^u ! ,*ri/ian cu/om ( pray+ = victory4 8,i h told ! :ole tru? 9 t10 he said to a fri5d2 & !n add$ ! lam5table conclusion3 8,only dead m5 c tell ! tru? 9 ?is _w4 ,x c be publi%$ aft] ,i am dead40 ,he expla9$ ! reason--?is f9anci] :o _h =tunes to bl[ 9 ^u me*anical inv5tions3 8,i h a family to support1 & ,i c't af=d ?is k9d ( dissipation40 ,& aga93 8,! sil5t1 colossal ,national ,lie t is ! support & conf$]ate ( all ! tyrannies & %ams & inequalities & unfairnesses t afflict ! peoples--t is ! "o to ?r[ bricks & s]mons at4 ,b let u be judici\s & let somebody else beg940 ,( c\rse a man :o wrote l ?is despis$ himself4 ,x 0 ! trag$y ( ,tol/oi1 b 9 a f> m humiliat+ =m2 ,tol/oi at lea/ wrote :at he pleas$1 & did 9 ! end break ) 8 family4 ,b ,m>k ,twa9 /ay$ 9 ! *a9s ( love & respectability--8 bitt]ness boil+ & /eam+ 9 him l a volcano1 & break+ out "h & !re ) gl>e & sulphur\s fumes4 8,! damn$ & mangy human race10 0 "o ( 8 phrases2 & aga9 he wrote3 8,my idea ( our civilization is t x is a %abby poor ?+ & full ( cruelties1 vanities1 arrogances1 meannesses & hypocrisies4 ,z = ! ^w1 ,i hate ! s\nd ( x1 = x conveys a lie2 & z = ! ?+ itself1 ,i wi% x 0 9 hell1 :]e x belongs40 ,9 ! ef=t to excuse himself1 ?is repress$ p]sonality evolv$ a philosophy ( fatalism4 ,man 0 m]ely a ma*9e1 & c\ld n help do+ :at he did4 ,?is 0 put into a book1 8,:at is ,man80 ,b !n he d>$ n publi% ! book6 8,am ,i hone/80 he wrote1 to a fri5d4 8,i give y my ^w ( honor 7privately7 ,i am n4 ,= sev5 ye>s ,i h suppress$ a book1 :i* my consci5ce tells me ,i ought to publi%4 ,i hold x my duty to publi% x4 ,!re are o!r difficult tasks ,i am equal to1 b ,i am n equal to t "o40 ,he did publi% ! book at la/1 b anonym\sly1 & ) a preface expla9+ t he d>$ n sign 8 "n4 ,he1 ,am]ica's greate/ humori/1 _h a duty laid ^u him2 he saw t duty cle>ly--h[ cle>ly we le>n f a /ory1 8,! ,my/]i\s ,/rang]10 a f]oci\s satire ^u ! human race1 publi%$ aft] 8 dea?4 ,9 ?is book ,satan asks3 8,w a day come :5 ! race w detect ! funn9ess ( ^! juv5ilities & laugh at !m--& by laugh+ at !m de/roy !m8 ,= y\r race1 9 its pov]ty1 has unque/ionably "o really effective weapon--laught]4 ,p[]1 money1 p]suasion1 supplication1 p]secution--^! c lift at a colossal humbug--pu% x a little--weak5 x a little1 c5tury by c5tury2 b only laught] c bl[ x to rags & atoms at a bla/4444 ,z a race1 d y ev] use x at all8 ,no2 y lack s5se & ! c\rage40 ,su* 0 ! spiritual trag$y go+ on 9 ! s\l ( a man :o 0 go+ ab\t ,new ,york1 clad 9 a fancy :ite co/ume1 smil$ ^u & applaud$ by all behold]s1 cr[n$ by all critics1 w9$ & d9$ by ,/&>d ,oil millionaires1 danc+ inexhau/ibly until ?ree or f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & nicknam$ 9 high] social circles 8! belle ( ,new ,york40 ,mrs4 ,ogi f ,mississippi reads ?is onslaught ^u ,mrs4 ,ogi f ,elmira2 & h] husb& wond]s a little :ile he waits4 ,b %e only smiles1 & rem>ks3 8,9 our family ! m5 h a traditional say+3 #8,x's all "r to be h5peck$1 b be sure y get ! "r h56'0 ,,*apt] ,,ci ,,smil+ ,,am]ica ,we come n[ to an ,am]ican arti/ :o play$ ! "p ( 8 own wife2 t is to say1 ,ogi & ,mrs4 ,ogi comb9$ 9 "o p]son4 ,8 "n 0 ,william ,dean ,h[ells1 & he 0 born 9 #ahcg 9 an ,ohio t[n4 ,he began life z a typesett] 9 a newspap] (fice1 !n he became a report]1 & 0 made ,unit$ ,/ates consul 9 ,v5ice at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r4 ,x 0 a job :i* left "t = art1 & "y ,h[ells tra9$ himself dilig5tly4 ,he became editor ( ! 8,atlantic ,mon?ly10 ! fir/ non-,bo/onian to hold t high ecclesia/ical (fice4 ,= ye>s he presid$ at ! dy+ b$side ( ,new ,engl& lit]ature1 & aft] ! pati5t 0 buri$ he came to ,new ,york & f\nd a p]man5t b]? ) 8,h>p]'s ,magaz9e40 ,he wrote = sixty ye>s1 & publi%$ ov] a hundr$ volumes ( poetry1 criticism & fiction4 ,he _h ease & grace & *>m1 all ! draw+-room lit]>y virtues2 he display$ ! same virtues 9 real life1 & s ev]ybody lov$ him1 & he became1 accord+ to ,m>k ,twa91 8! critical ,c\rt ( ,la/ ,resort 9 ?is c\ntry1 f ^: decisions !re is no appeal40 ,! pr9ciple ^u :i* ! success ( ,h[ells 0 bas$ is reveal$ to u 9 8 autobiography4 ,he tells h[ z a "y report] on an ,ohio newspap]1 he 0 s5t to a police c\rt1 & he quit4 8,if all my "w c\ld h be5 ! report+ ( s]mons1 ) int]vals ( sket*+ ! graduat+ c]emonies ( "y ladies' sem9>ies0--:y1 !n he might h become a city editor6 ,he tells ( com+ ^u a sordid trag$y1 & resolv+ t =ev] aft] he w\ld av]t 8 eyes f ! d>k] side ( life2 8! m smil+ aspects ( life are ! m ,am]ican40 ,y c see :y he ne$$ no ,mrs4 ,ogi f ,elmira1 or f any o!r place1 to edit 8 manuscripts4 ,to dignify ?is program ( portray+ ! m smil+ & !re=e m ,am]ican aspects ( life1 ,h[ells gave x ! "n ( 8realism40 ,all 8 life long he publi%$ critical articles 9 def5se ( ?is program1 & he describ$ ^! articles z 8a polemic1 a battle40 ,also he wrote novels1 :i* he reg>d$ z pure1 undilut$ works ( art4 ,x nev] occurr$ to ! de> s\l t ! novels 7 m]ely a cont9uation ( 8 8polemic10 ano!r phase ( 8 8battle40 ,n cont5t ) rebuk+ m5 :o did wrong1 ,h[ells wi%$ to provide examples ( :at 0 "r2 !re=e he inv5t$ *>act]s & contriv$ situations to exhibit ! virtues & *>ms ( t middle-class g5tility :i* 0 always smil+ & !re=e always ,am]ican4 ,! apologia ( ?is s*ool ( 8realism0 may be =mulat$ z foll[s3 ,i am a g5tleman ( placid disposition & quiet feel+s1 ) no deva/at+ passions torm5t+ me1 no cosmic idealisms driv+ my s\l4 ,i am com=table 9 ! b\rgeois _w1 hav+ always e>n$ a good sal>y & tak5 c>e ( my family4 ,i believe ?is is ! prop] ?+ = m5 to d1 & if !y fail to d x x is _! own fault4 ,i love to read good books1 & ,i cultivate a mild & g5tle imag9ation4 ,i write ab\t my sort ( p1 & ,i call su* books art4 ,if m5 p]si/ 9 hav+ viol5t & /ormy passions & int5se & ov]:elm+ convictions2 if !y p]si/ 9 go+ to extremes1 :e!r base & cruel1 or h]oic & sublime--!n ,i am di/urb$ 9 my lit]>y dignity1 & ,i d5\nce su* writ+1 & call x romanticism1 propag&a1 & pose4 ,& s9ce ,i am 8! critical ,c\rt ( ,la/ ,resort 9 ?is c\ntry1 f ^: decisions !re is no appeal10 x foll[s t "y writ]s :o p]si/ 9 displeas+ me are s5t5c$ to move into g>rets & be />v$ & froz5 into submission4 ,^u ! above =mula ,h[ells f\nd$ & ma9ta9$ a s*ool ( 8local color0 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,m5 & wom5 :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry wrote /ories describ+ 9 detail ! peculi>ities ( spee* & co/ume & mann]s !re prevail+4 ,conf9+ !mselves to ! ev]yday & obvi\s ev5ts ( humdrum life1 & be+ cont5t to obs]ve & n to ?9k1 !y 7 sure ( a cordial reception f ,h[ells1 & ( publication & paym5t by ! great magaz9e & publi%+ h\se :i* took ! great critic's advice4 ,by en=c+ ^! /&>ds = half a c5tury1 ,h[ells & a gr\p ( editors l him put a blight ^u ,am]ican lit]ature f :i* x is only n[ escap+4 ,i d n want to be unfair to a graci\s & k9dly g5tleman4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s he fell "u ! spell ( ,tol/oi1 & took to call+ himself a ,sociali/4 ,he wrote a /ory1 8,! ,travel] f ,altruria10 a g5tle & w9n+ satire ^u ! /upidities ( capitalism4 ,i w\ld love him m ard5tly = hav+ writt5 t book if he _h be5 will+ to fight = x2 if he _h put any trace ( social prote/ into 8 magaz9e edit+ & contribut+4 ,b he jo9$ ) ,m>k ,twa9 9 des]t+ poor ,gorki1 & he cont9u$ to hold 8 com=table position & to collect 8 sal>y & royalties f ,h>p] & ,bro!rs1 aft] t conc]n w5t into bankruptcy & 0 turn$ into ! propag&a dep>tm5t ( ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan & ,company4 ,i h told 9 8,! ,brass ,*eck0 ! curi\s /ory ( my own exp]i5ce ) ?is publi%+ h\se2 ,i w repeat x "h1 s f> z x be>s on ,h[ells4 ,t5 ye>s ago ,i 0 collect+ mat]ial = my an?ology ( revolution>y lit]ature1 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice10 & ,i appli$ to "o or two hundr$ au?ors = p]mission to quote briefly f _! writ+s4 ,hav+ got ! au?ors' p]mission1 ,i !n appli$ to ! publi%]s2 :]eupon ,i receiv$ f ,messrs4 ,h>p] & ,bro!rs a lett]1 =bidd+ me to quote f any book publi%$ by !m1 ev5 ) ! au?or's p]mission4 ,i took ! tr\ble to call ^u ! g5tleman :o _h ?is matt] 9 *>ge1 & 0 in=m$ t ! firm consid]$ my reputation to be s bad t ,i w\ld d injury to any au?or :om ,i quot$4 ,i _h ) me a lett] f ,h[ells1 say+ t he w\ld be v glad to be quot$4 ,b no matt]2 ,i 0 n to quote him2 nei!r 0 ,i to quote ,m>k ,twa91 nor ,*>les ,rann ,k5n$y1 nor ,h4 ,g4 ,wells6 ,x happ5$ t ,h[ells' editorial (fice 0 9 t same d+y old ,frankl9 ,squ>e build+1 s ,i took ! matt] to him4 ,he 0 c\rte\s & fri5dly--b he did n feel t x w\ld be prop] = him to oppose ! objections ( 8 publi%]s4 ,my plea1 t he ow$ some?+ to a fell[-,sociali/1 & /ill m to ! movem5t1 did n avail4 ,& le/ ! read] ?9k t ,i am unduly prejudic$ aga9/ ! publication dep>tm5t ( ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan ,company1 let me quote a c\ple ( s5t5ces f a lett] writt5 to ! editor ( 8,h>p]'s0 ,magaz9e by ,lafcadio ,he>n3 8,y\r firm is a hundr$ ye>s beh9d2 ignorant1 brutal1 mean1 absurdly ignorant--incr$ibly ignorant ( :at art is1 :at lit]ature is1 :at good ta/e is4 ,b x makes money l pork pack]ies & but*]ies & loan (fices40 ,hi/ory has its curi\s ironies1 & ?is w\ld be "o--if x %\ld turn out t ,h[ells1 9 refus+ to be quot$ 9 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice10 _h lo/ 8 be/ *ance ( be+ read 9 ! future4 ,& le/ ?is rem>k be tak5 = megalomania1 let me add t ,i am n ! au?or ( ! an?ology1 m]ely its editor1 & o!rs c\ld h done ! job z well1 p]haps bett]4 ,! po9t is t ?is is ! k9d ( lit]ature :i* ! future w read4 ,! :irlw9ds ( social revolution are ga!r+ to sweep ! _w2 & :5 !y h pass$1 !re w be a new g5]ation ( cle>-ey$ "y work]s1 :o w look ^u ! fiction-*>act]s ( ,william ,dean ,h[ells ) puzzl$ dismay4 ,*>act]s s mild & g5tle1 s tol]ant 9 ! pres5ce ( intol]able wrong6 ,*>act]s s v respectable 9 ! gett+ & sp5d+ ( _! incomes1 s anxi\s 9 _! con=mity to pecuni>y conv5tions6 ,! "y work]s w n be able to imag9e !mselves 9 ! place ( su* *>act]s2 b w /udy !m z "o /udies relics 9 a museum1 or que]-%ap$ insects "u a microscope4 ,,*apt] ,,cii ,,! ,,em95t ,,tank>d-,,man ,?r\gh ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re exi/$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates a peculi> lit]>y ph5om5on1 ! und]gr\nd reputation ( ,ambrose ,bi]ce4 ,! fiction read+ public did n "k ?is man2 ! read]s ( 8yell[0 j\rnalism knew him z a ,he>/ writ]1 ev5 m brilliant & cynical ?an ! av]age4 ,b n[ & !n y w\ld come ^u an exp]t 9 ! lit]>y craft1 :o w\ld tell y t ,ambrose ,bi]ce 0 a %ort-/ory writ] & satiri/ )\t equal 9 ,am]ica1 ! greate/ g5ius our lit]ature _h produc$4 ,y w\ld set out to look = ^! obscure writ+s1 & c\ld n f9d !m 9 ! libr>ies or ! book-/ores4 ,at la/ y might get someone to l5d y a copy1 & !n y w\ld jo9 ! campaign ( :isp]+4 ,n[ ,bi]ce is com+ into 8 own4 ,! public is he>+ ab\t him4 ,he is ( especial int]e/ to u "h1 because he sp5t 8 en]gy 9 attack+1 ) ! utmo/ possible fury1 ! !sis ( ?is book2 :ile at ! same "t1 bo? 9 8 life & 8 writ+s1 he v9dicat$ t !sis to ! la/ syllable4 ,ambrose ,bi]ce 0 bom 9 #ahdb1 ! son ( a poor f>m] 9 ,ohio4 ,at ! age ( n9ete5 he enli/$ & f\ght ?r\gh ! ,civil w>1 be+ twice w\nd$ & brevett$ major4 ,!n he became a j\rnali/1 fir/ 9 ,san ,francisco1 !n 9 ,london1 f9ally 9 ,wa%+ton & ,new ,york4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ e?ical m5 t ev] liv$1 a born prea*]1 z vehem5t & p]si/5t z ,c>lyle4 ,he f\ght = 8 beliefs1 & %rank f no sacrifice 9 _! behalf4 ,he 0 no man's man1 b said :at he ?\ght1 no matt] h[ bitt] & fi]ce x might be4 ,he paid ! p5alty 9 a ho/ ( enemies & a lifetime ( /ruggle4 ,t su* a man %\ld h tak5 up ) art-=-art's-sake !ories is assur$ly a qua9t incongruity 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature4 ,b s x happ5$4 ,he look$ out ^u ,am]ica1 & saw ! graft]s ?riv+1 he saw corruption en?ron$ z a political sy/em1 & he gave up ! human race 9 despair3 8a _w ( fools & rogues1 bl9d ) sup]/ition1 torm5t$ ) envy1 consum$ ) vanity1 selfi%1 false1 cruel1 curs$ ) illusions--fro?+ mad40 ,^! phrases occur 9 an article1 8,to ,tra9 a ,writ]02 & y c see :at sort ( writ] x w\ld tra96 ,a writ] :o r5\nces solid>ity1 & seeks refuge 9 8 own tal5t1 ! "o place :]e a man is ma/]1 :]e he c make beauty1 ord] & dignity4 ,s let u live 9 ! _w ( art1 let u consecrate ourselves to its s]vice1 & wa/e no love ^u 8! irreclaimable mass ( brutality t we "k z #8mank9d4'0 ,?is conviction ,bi]ce holds 9 ! fa%ion ( a religi\s zealot4 ,he has rea*$ ! /age ( kn[+ t ! re/ ( ! _w d\bts 8 fai?2 !re=e he ass]ts x ! m vehem5tly1 & flies into a rage ) all :o "q x4 ,8 lett]s h be5 publi%$2 & 9 ! fir/ "o1 address$ to a "y girl :o aspires to write1 he /orms at ! vici\sness ( ^? :o w\ld use ! writ]'s craft 9 ! s]vice ( human progress4 8,su* ends are a pro/itution ( art40 ,& lat] on 9 ! lett]s ?is *ampion ( ! art-=-art's-sake !ory reveals ! t]ror t gnaws at 8 s\l4 8,if poets saw ?+s z !y are !y w\ld write no m poetry40 ,"s tw5ty ye>s ago ,jack ,london s5t me ! fir/ book ( a ,san ,francisco poet1 & 9 an inscription he describ$ ! au?or3 8,i h a fri5d1 ! de>e/ 9 ?is _w40 ,! book 0 8,! ,te/imony ( ! ,suns10 by ,george ,/]l+2 & fri5d%ip be+ an unlimit$ ?+1 ,i also took ov] a %>e ( x4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ,i h be5 puzzl$ at f9d+ 9 ?is graci\s companion & mak] ( exquisite v]ses c]ta9 qualities ( bitt]ness & a*+ despair4 ,:5 ,i read ^! lett]s ( ,ambrose ,bi]ce ,i discov]$ a plausible explanation2 = "h is ! "y poet1 submitt+ 8 fir/ ef=ts2 & "h is ! savage misan?ropi/ us+ 8 p[] z a prea*] & an eld]1 9 an ef=t to set ! poet's feet 9 ! pa?s ( futility & wa/e4 ,ambrose ,bi]ce1 among 8 ho/ ( antagonisms1 _h "o :i* am\nt$ to an insanity--8 dislike ( ,sociali/s2 & he saw bo? ,london & ,/]l+ l5d+ _! influ5ce to ! helli% cult4 ,bi]ce 0 "o ( ^? subtle oppon5ts :o say t !y h a c]ta9 am\nt ( sympa?y ) ! ,sociali/ ideal1 7 x n = ! fact t ! p>tisans ( ! cause make !mselves s objectionable4 ,yes2 !y w\ld truly be will+ to see mank9d deliv]$ f pov]ty1 crime1 pro/itution & w>1 7 x n = creatures ( ! lunatic fr+e1 :o we> _! hair long & tie _! neck-ties into a b[6 ,!re is some?+ pa?ological ab\t ! rav+s ( ,bi]ce on ?is subject1 & we are n surpris$ to le>n t 9 8 e>ly days a prom95t ,sociali/ writ]1 ,laur5ce ,gronlund1 took a girl away f him1 & ?us excit$ 8 animosity4 ,we f9d him qu>rel+ ) "o p]son aft] ano!r :o p]si/s 9 dally+ ) ,sociali/ ideas1 & 9 ! end he qu>rel$ ev5 ) ,/]l+1 & wrote him lett]s ( h>% abuse1 :i* ,/]l+ out ( k9dness to 8 memory de/roy$4 ,! publi%$ lett]s are full ( lit]>y criticism2 x is always consi/5t--& 9 e case exactly ! opposite ( :at y f9d 9 ?is book4 ,ibs5 & ,%aw are 8v small m5--pets ( ! draw+-room & gods ( ! h\r40 ,tol/oi is 8n an arti/10 & ,burns is 8gibb]i%02 ,gorki is 8n only a peasant1 b an an>*i/ & an advocate ( assass9ation40 ,bi]ce 0 liv+ 9 ,wa%+ton1 s]v+ ! ,he>/ newspap]s1 :5 ,gorki came to ,am]ica4 ,bi]ce _h nev] met him1 & really knew no?+ ab\t him1 b he swall[$ ) gre$y eag]ness ! propag&a emanat+ f ! ,russian embassy 9 ,wa%+ton2 he writes to ,/]l+ my/]i\s h9ts f inside in=mation3 8,x isn't m]ely ! woman matt]4 ,y'd und]/& if y 7 on ?is side ( ! c\ntry40 ,all ?is has become famili> to u ) ! passage ( ! ye>s2 x is ! ?+ kn[n z hundr$ p]c5t ,am]ican boob]y4 ,! capitali/ sy/em sets up its colossal sl&]-mills1 ) a /aff ( secret ag5ts1 =g]s & safe-crack]s & confid5ce m51 a devil's crew4 ,! p ( c\rse h no conception ( ?is ma*9]y = ! manipulat+ ( _! m9ds2 & h[ pitiful to f9d a haughty intellectual z cr$ul\s z ! poore/ clodhopp]6 ,x is "o m demon/ration ( ! fact t a mod]n man :o does n und]/& revolution>y economics is a *ild w&]+ 9 a =e/ at midnight4 ,!re 7 o!r factors 9 ! mak+ ( ,bi]ce's irascibility4 ,he describes himself z 8an em95t tank>d-man10 & he f\nd 9 ,san ,francisco pl5ty ( p will+ to practice art = art's sake1 n tr\bl+ !mselves or him ) hopes = ! human race4 ,!re is a tale ( a riot\s crew1 resolv+ to put an end to ,*ri/ianity by pull+ d[n a cross :i* /ood ^u ! highway4 ,!y ti$ !mselves to ! cross ) ropes & pull$ _! h>de/1 only to s9k d[n exhau/$ 9 drunk5 slumb]4 ,i wond] t "s ,ca?olic poet does n take ?is = a piece ( symbolism4 ,maybe x has be5 done--,i admit !re are gaps 9 my k ( ,ca?olic poetry6 ,:at _h ?is man to give ! _w1 if any?+8 ,! answ] is3 love ( tru?1 & loa?+ ( corruption & hypocrisy4 ,he wrote all ^? ?+s :i* ,m>k ,twa9 knew1 b suppress$4 ,he 0 ! only "o ( ^? :o f\ght ?r\gh ! w> to tell ! tru? ab\t x4 ,& !re9 lies 8 p[] & significance z an arti/2 he1 ! art-=-art's-sak] pure & simple1 writes tales :i* make u hate mass-murd]4 ,! =mula ( ^! tales is ! "o ) :i* ,maupassant has made u famili>4 ,m5 aspire1 & fate knocks !m d[n & tramples _! faces into ! mud4 ,:5 we see 9 ! *ances ( battle a son %oot 8 own fa!r1 we may draw ! conclusion t all human life is futile1 z ,bi]ce wi%es u to2 or we may elect to draw a diff]5t conclusion1 & jo9 ! ,league to ,outlaw ,w>4 ,bi]ce's v]ses 7 %afts ( satire aim$ at ! social kites & buzz>ds ( 8 "t4 ,!y h a quality ( p]sonal f]ocity seldom equall$ 9 ! _w's lit]ature4 ,!re are two volumes ( !m1 8,black ,beetles 9 ,amb]0 & 8,%apes ( ,clay40 ,read]s ( 8,! ,brass ,*eck0 may rememb] a sample !re quot$1 deal+ ) ,mike de ,"y1 publi%] ( ! ,san ,francisco 8,*ronicle10 & conclud+3 ,a dream ( brok5 necks & swoll5 tongues-- ,a :ole _w's gibbets load$ ) de ,y\ngs6 ,"h1 z 9 s mu* ( ,bi]ce's "w1 8 ignorance ( social =ces r5d]$ him impot5t4 ,he writes ab\t individual sc\ndrels1 b he does n und]/& :at makes !m1 nor h[ to rem$y !m2 s 8 writ+ is useless to himself1 to 8 victims1 & to u4 ,once ^u a "t ,ambrose ,bi]ce w5t to sleep at night on a flat /one 9 a gravey>d4 ,we are n told :e!r 8 exploits z 8an em95t tank>d-man0 _h any?+ to d ) ?is1 b we are told t z a result he became a lifelong suff]] f rheumatism & a/hma4 ,s 8 old age 0 bitt]1 & he f\nd insuffici5t consolation 9 produc+ lit]>y ma/]pieces = a hypo!tical po/]ity4 ,he w&]$ (f into ,mexico & disappe>$4 8,to be a gr+o 9 ,mexico at ! pres5t "t is a *eap =m ( eu?anasia10 he told 8 fri5ds4 ,s app>5tly x prov$2 & s ?is book has ano!r v9dication1 provid$ by a lead+ oppon5t4 8,be c>eful10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi2 8! ,mexican b&its may n h got him aft] all40 8,he has already _h a few :acks at me4 ,george ,/]l+ s5t him an article ( m9e1 publi%$ tw5ty ye>s ago1 #8,our ,b\rgeois ,lit]ature1' & he ridicul$ my !sis t ! qualities ( ,am]ican lit]ature are expla9$ by ,am]ican social conditions3 #8,! political & economical situation has ab\t z mu* to d ) x z ! direction ( our riv]s & ! prevail+ color ( our hair4' ,also he read #8,! ,j\rnal ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+1' & call$ my poor poet #8! mo/ disagreeable "* 9 fiction4'0 ,says ,mrs4 ,ogi3 8,he did n ev5 tr\ble to get ! poor poet's "n "r60 ,h] husb& answ]s3 8,! (fic]s 9 ! ,briti% army h a say+3 #8,:at is fame8 ,to die 9 battle & h y\r "n misspell$ 9 ! 8,gazette04'0 ,,*apt] ,,ciii ,,! ,,soldi] ,,( ,,=tune ,hav+ consid]$ a fiction writ] :om ! great public reject$1 let u n[ consid] "o :om x en?usia/ically acclaim$4 ,ri*>d ,h>d+ ,davis 0 born 9 ,philadelphia 9 #ahfd4 ,8 fa!r 0 a fam\s editor1 & he 0 rais$ among cultur$ p1 ) e advantage ( pre/ige & social position4 ,he 0 h&some1 full ( en]gy1 & all 8 life made ho/s ( fri5ds4 ,aft] gett+ ?r\gh college1 he took a job ) ,ar?ur ,brisbane on ! ,new ,york 8,ev5+ ,sun10 :]e 8 bro!r tells u he und]w5t 8consid]able privation10 8 sal>y be+ only ?irty doll>s a week at ! />t1 plus 8 e>n+s f %ort /ories4 ,dur+ ?is same p]iod ! pres5t writ] 0 liv+ 9 ,new ,york ^u f\r & "o-half a week1 & nev] sure ( hav+ t2 s y see t /&>ds ( 8consid]able privation0 v>y consid]ably4 ,davis's fir/ /ories dealt ) a h]o nam$ ,van ,bibb]1 a scion ( ! ,fif? ,av5ue plutocracy1 h&some1 debonair1 we>+ 8 clo!s ) irreproa*able ta/e1 & devot+ 8 abundant leisure to ! re=m+ ( ,new ,york2 ,h>\n-al-,ras*id br\ght d[n to date1 ,sir ,galahad 9 a dress-suit4 ,happy1 c>e-free1 he w&]s1 ) innoc5t he>t & op5 purse1 mak+ ?+s "r :]ev] he f9ds !m wrong4 ,he has ! entre beh9d ! sc5es ( !atres1 b n to s$uce ! *orus girls--ah1 no?+ l t1 b to rescue a sweet1 innoc5t *ild & c>ry h] home to a cold1 pr\d1 cruel ,fif? ,av5ue fa!r :o has refus$ to ackn[l$ge 8 wild oat4 ,t done1 ,van ,bibb] roams aga91 & jumps on ! neck ( a burgl>1 & kicks 8 pi/ol out ( 8 h&1 & !n gets sorry = him1 & buys him a ticket to ,montana1 :]e 8 wife & daught] wait = him to come & re=m4 ,!n he w&]s to ! ,b[]y1 & sees a r[dy insult+ a lady2 x is n en\gh = him to demon/rate ! natural sup]iority ( ! plutocracy by putt+ ?is "o r[dy to flight1 he mu/ cr[n ! demon/ration by accept+ a *all5ge f ?ree ( 8! pure/ specim5s ( ! t\gh ( ! ,ea/ ,side wat]front10 & r\t+ !m 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pr\d ari/ocratic beauty4 ,! *>m ( ! /ory lies 9 ! truly elegant ins\ciance ) :i* "y ,van ,bibb] does all ^! ?+s--! mann] ( a juggl] keep+ six billi>d-balls 9 ! air4 ,"h1 y see1 is ! p]fect type ( ! rul+-class glorifi]3 ,hom] & ! ,arabian ,nights1 ,don ,quixote & ,k+ ,ar?ur1 ,dumas1 ,ouida1 ,rudy>d ,kipl+ & ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d all roll$ into "o4 ,no wond] our gr&fa!rs 7 captivat$1 or t ! innoc5t s\ls :o edit$ 8,h>p]'s0 & 8,scribn]'s0 ext5d$ ! fre$om ( _! columns to ?is inspir$ creator ( plutocratic romance6 ,x is int]e/+ to note t our 8,dick0 came f ! mo/ ,engli% place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & look$ l an ,engli%man &1 p]haps z a matt] ( in/9ct1 dress$ & talk$ l an ,engli%man4 ,9 8 e>ly writ+ days he liv$ = a few mon?s at ,ox=d1 & ! /ud5ts ( ,balliol ,college took him 9 on equal foot+1 an honor nev] be=e accord$ to a non-/ud5t ,am]ican4 ,! ,engli% rul+ class _h tak5 ^u itself ! task ( coloniz+ & exploit+ ! re/ ( ! _w1 & ! ,am]ican rul+ class 0 foll[+ suit1 & ,ri*>d ,h>d+ ,davis became ! prophet ( bo?4 ,?r\gh\t ,c5tral ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies ! process is inv>iable3 ,am]ican capitali/s bribe ! gov]nm5ts ( ^! c\ntries & get enorm\sly valuable concessions1 !n !y s5d 9 eng9e]s & o!r h&some "y h]oes clad 9 khaki & puttees & ) automatics 9 _! belts4 ,^! h]oes engage ! natives ( ! c\ntry to exploit ! natural res\rces & %ip out ! weal? ( ! c\ntry1 to be sp5t ^u monkey d9n]s at ,newport & *ampagne supp]s 9 ,broadway lob/] palaces4 ,soon] or lat] ! natives become irritat$ at ! sight ( _! natural res\rces be+ export$ = su* purposes1 s !y revolt aga9/ ! native gov]nm5t :i* has sold !m to ! ,yankees4 ,!n ! h&some "y ,yankee h]oes draw _! automatics & br+ up ma*9e guns1 & glori\sly def5d ! native gov]nm5t :i* !y h b\ght & paid =4 ,! end+ comes triumphantly ) a ,yankee gunboat 9 ! h>bor1 & "s m>9es *>g+ up ! slope ( a hill wav+ ,old ,glory1 :ile ! audi5ce leaps f its seats & *e]s = five m9utes4 8,soldi]s ( ,=tune0 0 8,dick0 ,davis's bigge/ success4 ,x br\ght him res]voirs ( money1 fir/ z a s]ial1 !n z a novel1 !n z a drama1 & f9ally z a movie4 ,8 o!r novels 7 l x1 9 t !y dealt ) memb]s ( ! rul+ class glori\sly mak+ or m>ry+ =tunes4 ,! next 0 call$ 8,! ,pr9cess ,al9e10 & told ab\t a "y1 weal?y1 h&some & ari/ocratic arti/--s _m elem5ts ( good =tune6--:o falls 9 love ) ! photograph ( a ,g]man pr9cess4 ,! model = ?is exquisite h]o9e 0 ! future ,empress ( ,russia2 b ,davis did n live to write a sequel1 %[+ ! f9al de/9y ( 8 h]o9e1 h] mangl$ body dump$ into a well along ) h] husb& & f\r exquisite daught]s4 ,recall+ ^! novels at ! pres5t h\r1 ,i see ! int]national plutocracy ) all its exquisite wives & daught]s1 cr\*$ trembl+ ^u ! top ( a m\nta9 ( gold & jewels1 :ile all ar\nd !m ! h&some "y hir$ h]oes pe] out ov] ! sights ( ma*9e guns at ! mass$ fury ( ! exploit$ millions ( mank9d--:ite1 black1 yell[1 br[n1 r$1 & mix$4 ,davis became a w> correspond5t & sp5t 8 "t rac+ ov] ! e>? f "o sc5e ( excitem5t to ano!r4 ,i h run ?r\gh ! volume ( 8 lett]s & jott$ d[n a few date l9es 9 ! ord] !y occur3 ,cuba1 ,london1 ,egypt1 ,gibralt>1 ,p>is1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,mosc[1 ,budape/1 ,havana1 ,london1 ,flor5ce1 ,greece1 ,havana1 ,cape ,t[n1 ,pretoria1 ,aix-les-,ba9s1 ,massa*usetts1 ,madrid1 ,london1 ,san ,francisco1 ,tokio1 ,man*uria1 ,havana1 ! ,congo1 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,santiago1 ,v]a ,cruz1 ,belgium1 ,plattsburg1 ,p>is1 ,a!ns1 ,rome4 ,if y "k ! hi/ory ( ! _w = tw5ty-five ye>s beg9n+ ) #ahij y c connect ea* ( ^! geographical names ) a coronation1 a jubilee1 a w>1 or o!r rul+-class recreation4 ,all ?r\gh ! lett]s runs ! !me ( money1 ! ,aladd9's tale ( a soldi] ( lit]>y =tune4 ,he gets five ?\s& doll>s = ! s]ial rights ( 8,soldi]s ( ,=tune0 f 8,scribn]'s ,magaz9e02 he gets five hundr$ doll>s = report+ a foot-ball game2 he gets ?ree ?\s& doll>s & exp5ses = a mon?'s report+ ( ! ,cuban /ruggle ) ,spa91 & :5 ,am]ica ent]s ! conflict1 he gets t5 c5ts a ^w f 8,scribn]'s ,magaz9e0 & f\r hundr$ doll>s a week & exp5ses f ! ,new ,york 8,times40 ,ev]y:]e he goes he is1 ( c\rse1 a lion1 & moves only 9 ! highe/ circles4 ,8 lett]s are full ( diplomats & g5]als & lords & ladies & k+s & que5s1 toge!r ) ! mo/ fam\s actors & lit]>y lights4 ,he is pres5t$ at ,c\rt--& by ?is1 ne$less to say1 ,i mean ! ,c\rt ( _! ,maje/ies ! ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 & ,emp]or & ,empress ( ,india4 ,& all ?r\gh ! lett]s we note d9n]-p>ties & banquets & *ampagne-supp]s & cocktails--int]rupt$ by a siege ) sciatica1 prep>+ u = ! quick curta91 :5 our rul+-class h]o dep>ts 8 successful life at ! age ( fifty-two4 ,new ,york is a place ( mean & envi\s gossip1 & "o ( its div]sions 0 tell+ anecdotes illu/rat+ ! snobb]y & self-importance ( ,ri*>d ,h>d+ ,davis4 ,x appe>s t 9 ! days ( 8 extraord9>y prosp]ity he did n always recognize 8 =m] newspap] cronies :5 he met !m on ! /reet4 ,p]haps he _h not$ t s _m ( ^! =m] cronies took ! occasion to borr[ money f him4 ,anyh[1 ,i h "o anecdote to contribute to ! collection4 ,x 0 e>ly 9 #aiad1 a p]iod ( great depression 9 my own life & =tunes4 ,davis1 ( c\rse1 nev] _h any depressions2 he _h j come back f ,cuba1 :]e he _h turn$ 8,soldi]s ( ,=tune0 into a mov+ picture film1 & x 0 n[ be+ laun*$ on ,broadway ) enorm\s clat4 ,i happ5$ to "k ! manag]1 & 0 invit$ to ! op5+ p]=mance1 :]e 9 ! lobby ,i 0 introduc$ to ! great au?or & lion ( ! occasion4 ,:5 he he>d my "n 8 face light$ up1 & he gave me a w>m h&-clasp1 exclaim+1 8,ah1 n[6 ,y write books because y really h some?+ to say1 :ile ,i write only to make money60 ,x 0 s diff]5t f :at ,i expect$ t ,i 0 completely tak5 aback1 & c\ld only make a deprecat+ murmur4 8,x is true10 he said2 8,i "k x1 & s d y40 ,! read] may say t 9 tell+ ?is /ory ,i d m cr$it to ,davis ?an to myself4 ,b t is n my conc]n4 ,:at ,i h to d "h is to report ! /atem5t ( ,am]ica's lead+ soldi] ( lit]>y =tune conc]n+ 8 own "w & its reason = be+4 ,,*apt] ,,civ ,,! ,,b[]y ,,boy ,we come n[ to ano!r "o ( ^? unhappy tales ( "y rebelli\s g5iuses :o _c or w n fit !mselves into ! b\rgeois _w4 ,?is "t x is ,/eph5 ,crane1 :o 0 ! f\rte5? *ild ( a ,me?odi/ prea*] & an evangeli/ "m1 & 0 born 9 ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey2 :i* goes to prove t a g5ius may spr+ up any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,!re is an old say+ t a prea*]'s son always turns out to be a rake4 ,i don't suppose t /ati/ically ?is /atem5t c\ld be ju/ifi$1 b psy*ologically we %\ld expect su* cases2 = o!r *ildr5 get religion once a week1 b ! *ildr5 ( cl]gym5 get x all ! "t4 ,! trag$y ( poor 8,/evie0 ,crane reveals to u ! folly ( atta*+ fundam5tal moral pr9ciples to incr$ible fairy tales4 ,:5 ! *ild gr[s up & f9ds t he no long] believes ! tales1 he is apt to conclude t ! moral pr9ciples are equally false & sup]flu\s4 ,little 8,/evie0 0 a frail & s5sitive *ild4 ,8 fa!r di$ :5 he 0 "y1 & !n 8 evangeli/ "m di$1 & he 0 left to grope 8 way alone4 ,we f9d him turn+ up at a milit>y academy ) a reputation z a baseball play]1 also ) six pipes--:i* 0 six too _m = a lad :o 0 to die f tub]culosis at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e4 ,he pick$ up a liv+ do+ odd newspap] jobs1 & !n he w5t to ,syracuse ,univ]sity4 ,mo/ s+ul>1 prank ( hi/ory1 t ,james ,roscoe ,day1 ,d4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,l4,h4,d41 ,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,heav5 7see 8,! ,goose-,/ep071 %\ld h _h 9 *>ge ! intellectual & moral tra9+ ( ! au?or ( 8,maggie3 ,a ,girl ( ! ,/reet06 ,?is boy _h pa!tic c\rage1 & absolutely orig9al op9ions1 ev5 f ! beg9n+4 ,8 "y v]dict 0 t ,t5nyson 0 8swill0 & ,osc> ,wilde 8a mildew$ *ump40 ,t1 ( c\rse1 0 m]ely call+ names2 b 9 addition he _h ! odde/ & mo/ *>m+ gift ( humor4 ,( 8 "m he said1 8,y c\ld argue z well ) a wave40 ,hav+ got ?r\gh ) college at ! age ( tw5ty1 he w5t to ,new ,york to live 9 a g>ret & />ve = ! sake ( 8 indep5d5ce4 ,he *ose ! ,b[]y = 8 s*ool ( art2 ^! be+ ! old days ( ! wick$ /reet1 be=e ! respectable1 h>d-work+ ,jews took possession2 ! days :5 all ,new ,york glori$ 9 its 8t\ghness10 & :5 n[ & aga9 9 ! fil?y old alleys !y rak$ out a human corpse f a pile ( ill-smell+ rubbi%4 ,"h ! boy wrote 8 fir/ novel1 8,maggie10 deal+ ) a girl ^: drunk5 p>5ts beat h] & drove h] on to ! /reets4 ,x 0 an entirely new note 9 ,am]ican lit]ature1 because x told ! tru? ab\t ^! ?+s q simply & z a matt] ( c\rse1 )\t apology or s5tim5tality4 ,! "y au?or took x to ,ri*>d ,watson ,gild]1 editor ( ! 8,c5tury ,magaz9e10 & w5t back1 hungry & %iv]+ ) cold1 to get ! v]dict4 ,! 8,c5tury0 0 "o ( ! f\r great magaz9es :i* det]m9$ ! de/9y ( ,am]ican au?ors2 its policy 0 guid$ by ! fact t x _h 8half ! expectant mo!rs 9 ,am]ica0 on its subscription li/4 ,gild] said t he c\ld n publi% 8,maggie02 & aft] he _h made long-w9d$ explanations1 ,/eph5 boil$ !m d[n to "o s5t5ce1 z 0 8 cu/om4 8,y mean t ! /ory is too hone/80 ,& ,gild] 0 hone/ en\gh to answ] t he did4 ,read+ ab\t ?is g>ret exi/5ce s5ds %iv]s ov] my sk92 because x 0 only t5 ye>s lat] t ,i 0 to live ! same life1 & h ! same exp]i5ces 9 ! same editorial (fices4 ,i also took manuscripts to ,gild] & 0 turn$ d[n4 ,! same publi%] :o accept$ 8,! ,r$ ,badge ( ,c\rage10 & made a =tune out ( x1 accept$ also 8,! ,j\rnal ( ,ar?ur ,/irl+10 & trick$ me into sign+ a contract out ( :i* ,i nev] got a c5t4 ,all 8 life ,/eph5 ,crane _h he>d ! w> /ories ( old soldi]s--n :at y read 9 ! (ficial hi/ory books1 b ! real ?+s t m5 _h felt & done4 ,he decid$ ^u ?is !me1 & read up 8 8local color10 & 9 t5 quiv]+ nights he produc$ 8,! ,r$ ,badge ( ,c\rage40 ,at la/ he _h a success2 a newspap] syndicate paid him a hundr$ doll>s = ! s]ial rights6 ,he wait$ a ye> or two long]1 & !n x came out 9 book =m4 ,x sold fairly well1 until sudd5ly ! ,engli% critics w5t wild ov] x1 & !n ,new ,york knew t x _h a man ( g5ius4 ,! reali/s _h be5 rul+ ! lit]>y roo/1 insi/+ t y mu/ portray life by describ+ its ext]nal details4 ,b ?is boy _h a new idea2 ! int]e/+ ?+ to him 0 ! way p felt1 & details m]ely s]v$ to reveal ! human _s4 ,he 0 n afraid to describe emotions z hav+ colors4 ,s "h 0 a new k9d ( fiction1 call$ 8impressionism02 & ! reali/s 7 laid on ! %elf = a :ile4 8,/evie0 made a small =tune1 & no long] drank 8 dr9ks 9 ! saloons ( ! ,b[]y1 b 9 ! high-pric$ cafs on ,broadway4 ,he wrote %ort /ories & sket*es1 & v]ses )\t rhyme or rhy?m1 :i* puzzl$ ! critics--,i rememb] t 9 my /ud5t days !y 7 ! joke ( ! newspap] p>agraph]s4 ,! gossips got busy ) him1 ( c\rse1 & a leg5d 0 built up conc]n+ ! ext5t ( 8 revolt aga9/ social conv5tions4 ,8 biograph]1 ,?omas ,be]1 def5ds him vigor\sly aga9/ ^! tales4 ,x seems cle> t he did n take drugs2 :ile1 z to 8 dr9k+1 we c only repeat :at we said ab\t ! pipes--any dr9k+ at all 0 too mu* = a man :o 0 to die ( tub]culosis 9 a few ye>s4 ,z to ! wom5 /ories1 !y seem to h be5 p>tly blackmail1 & p>tly ! "y writ]'s imprud5t notions ( *ivalry4 ,he 0 talk+ ) a girl ( ! /reets 9 a saloon1 & a policeman arre/$ ! girl1 & ,crane came into c\rt to te/ify 9 h] behalf1 & s ( c\rse got himself 9 = a lot ( disagreeable publicity4 ,x w\ld h be5 s easy = him to avoid t1 by hav+ ! ord9>y caution ( a man ( ! _w4 ,if only he _h be5 will+ to le>n f ,m>k ,twa9 & ,william ,dean ,h[ells h[ to dodge ! %ad[ ( a sc&al6 ,! life ( ?is wayw>d *ild ( g5ius is "o m illu/ration ( t disagreeable alt]native :i* life s (t5 pres5ts u4 ,y may h self-re/ra9t1 plus m or less hypocrisy1 & live long & successfully2 or y may h d-z-y-please1 plus absolute hone/y1 & und]m9e y\r con/itution & die at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e4 ,! m9d ( ,/eph5 ,crane 0 l an acid :i* dissolv$ ! %ams & pret5ses ( civilization4 ,b he has no?+ to put 9 ! place ( ^! ?+s4 ,9 8,! ,r$ ,badge ( ,c\rage0 he %[s u a h]o bl9d ) fe>2 & ! !me ( all 8 %ort /ories & lat] novels is t life is a matt] ( accid5t1 & ! univ]se a ?+ )\t moral s5se or mean+4 ,?is belief ,crane put also into 8 conduct2 he knew no?+ to d ) 8 life1 except t he _h a *ildi% wi% to see a real w> ) 8 own eyes4 ,fir/ he tri$ to get to ,cuba1 & 0 %ipwreck$2 & :ile he got a good /ory out ( t1 8,! ,op5 ,boat10 he paid ) a "p ( 8 v small /ore ( vitality4 ,!n he w5t to ,greece1 b ! cook+ made him ill4 ,f9ally he saw our w> 9 ,cuba1 & display$ su* indiff]5ce to 8 own fate t ! tongues ( ! gossips wagg$ fa/] ?an ev]4 ,he mu/ be seek+ dea?1 because ( "s d>k sc&al hang+ ov] 8 head6 ,he 0 altoge!r out ( /ep ) ! #ahij's2 b n[ a new g5]ation has come1 & all our "y intellectuals are cold & objective & cynical1 agree+ t pity is a mi/ake & life no?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,!y leave to me ! unpleasant task ( hold+ un9vit$ po/-mortems ov] ! ard5t unhappy dead4 ,let me put x briefly3 t "s day !re w be yet ano!r g5]ation1 :i* w realize t no man c get along )\t a religion1 lea/ ( all ! creative arti/4 ,x w n be ! ,me?odi/ religion1 b x w be some?+ t gives "y g5iuses a reason = tak+ c>e ( !mselves & _! gifts4 ,!re 0 "o religion :i* ,/eph5 ,crane adopt$ = a p]iod ( two weeks4 ,he 0 a ,sociali/ = t long--s he expla9s 9 a lett]2 b he met two o!r ,sociali/s1 :o told him 8 doctr9es 7 wrong1 & !n fell to qu>rel+ z to :i* ( ! two 0 "r4 ,i say3 ,oh1 "y ,/eph5 ,cranes ( ! future1 judge tru? by ! te/s ( tru?1 & n by our p]sonal frailties & follies6 ,,*apt] ,,cv ,,! ,,cali=nia ,,octopus ,! m9d ( ,am]ica at ! end ( ! n9ete5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury 0 controll$ by eld]ly maid5 aunts & hir$ m5 ( privilege2 & x seem$ t beh9d ! sc5es ( our national life "s evil j9x 0 op]at+ to keep u 9 ?is d\ble ?rall4 ,!re arose five indep5d5t & orig9al-m9d$ arti/s1 & "h is :at happ5$ to !m3 ,/eph5 ,crane di$ ( tub]culosis at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e1 ,frank ,norris di$ ( app5dicitis at ! age ( ?irty-two1 ,david ,graham ,phillips 0 kill$ by a lunatic at ! age ( =ty-f\r1 ,o4 ,h5ry di$ ( alcoholism at ! age ( =ty-eight1 & ,jack ,london kill$ himself at ! age ( =ty4 ,frank ,norris 0 born 9 ,cali=nia 9 #ahgj1 ! son ( well-to-d p>5ts4 ,all ?r\gh 8 *ildhood & boyhood he lik$ to tell /ories & make sket*es2 he wasn't sure :i* he lik$ to d be/4 ,he /udi$ art 9 ,p>is = a c\ple ( ye>s1 & publi%$ a long n>rative poem at ! age ( tw5ty4 ,!n he came home & tri$ to le>n some?+ ab\t writ+ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 b )\t success4 ,he took a graduate c\rse at ,h>v>d1 & "h he wrote 8,mc,teague10 8 fir/ successful novel4 ,he _h be5 absorb+ ,zola1 & set out to apply ! ,zola me?od to ,am]ica4 ,he is go+ to give y ! brutal reality ( life1 he is go+ to write ab\t big animal m5 ) heavy muscles & prom95t jaws1 & broad-bosom$ wom5 ) l>ge quantities ( allur+ hair4 ,he is go+ to give y ! great op5 spaces1 & also ! sordidness & smells ( cities--z mu* z ,am]ica c be got to /&4 ,! !me ( 8,mc,teague0 is av>ice1 & we see a d5ti/'s (fice ) a big gold too? = a sign1 & all ?r\gh ! tragic /ory we run ^u ! motif ( gold 9 ev]y?+ f sunsets to decorations4 ,!n came 8,! ,octopus10 & "h we are 9 outdoor ,cali=nia1 deal+ ) crude p & nature on a l>ge scale4 8,! ,octopus0 has two !mes4 ,x is ! ,epic ( ! ,:eat1 & we see ! great unf5c$ pla9s ^u :i* :eat is rais$ :olesale1 & ! gold5 flood ( gra9 on its way to fe$ ! millions 9 ! cities1 a torr5t ( food s va/ & heavy t x symbolically suffocates a man on its way4 ,& !n !re is ! railroad1 ! ,octopus :i* has seiz$ ! :eat c\ntry & is dev\r+ ! settl]s4 ,i read ?is novel be=e ,i read any?+ ( ,zola's1 & s ,i got ! %ock ( a great discov]y4 ,i 0 "o ( _m y\ng/]s :o 7 set on fire4 ,"h 0 p[]1 "h 0 a new grasp ( reality2 ?is 0 ! way to write novels6 ,also ,i 0 horrifi$ & bewild]$3 c\ld x be t ?+s l ?is happ5$ 9 ,am]ica8 ,c\ld x be t railroads set !mselves up z ! rul+ p[] 9 a community1 t !y defeat$ ! laws1 depriv$ p ( _! homes & drove !m into exile or outlawry8 ,y see1 ,i 0 ! naive & innoc5t product ( ,am]ican public s*ools & ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan's univ]sity2 ,i really ?\ght t ,i liv$ 9 a democracy1 & "u ! protection ( a ,con/itution4 ,at t v "t ,i 0 rais+ campaign funds & help+ to elect ! presid5t ( our univ]sity--m9e & ,mr4 ,morgan's--z a 8re=m0 mayor ( ,new ,york ,city6 ,i tri$ to f9d out ab\t ?is railroad ,octopus1 & !re 0 no way to f9d out4 ,x 0 a d>k secret ( ,am]ican life1 cru%$ completely und]gr\nd4 ,!re 0 no lit]ature ab\t x1 no?+ 9 ! newspap]s or ! magaz9es1 no books or pamphlets 9 ! libr>y ( ! great univ]sity4 ,n[1 tw5ty-?ree ye>s lat]1 ,i c tell y ( a book 9 :i* y may read ! life-/ory ( "o ( ^! m5 ( ! ,san ,joaqu91 :o 7 driv5 to outlawry by ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,railroad4 ,! "n ( ! man is ,ed ,morrell1 & ,jack ,london made him ! h]o ( a novel1 8,! ,/> ,rov]40 ,!y caught him f9ally & put him 9 prison1 & t is ! /ory he tells 9 8 book1 8,! ,tw5ty-fif? ,man10 "o ( ! mo/ appall+ n>ratives ev] p5n$ by a human be+4 ,frank ,norris1 :o taught me some?+ new ab\t my c\ntry1 _h set out delib]ately to d t v ?+4 ,he expla9$ 8 ideas 9 a book1 8,! ,responsibilities ( ! ,noveli/02 & ,i might1 if ,i want$ to take ! "t1 play a trick ^u y1 by quot+ s5t5ces f 8 book1 mix$ 9 ) s5t5ces f my book1 & y c\ld n tell ! diff]5ce4 ,= example1 :o is x t says3 8,no art t is n 9 ! end und]/ood by ! ,p c live or ev] did live a s+le g5]ation08 ,:o says3 8,x is ! compla9t ( ! c[>d1 ?is cry aga9/ ! novel ) a purpose08 ,:o says3 8,! muse is a tea*]1 n a trick/]08 ,:o says3 8,tru? 9 fiction is j z real & j z important z tru? any:]e else08 ,x is ,frank ,norris :o says all ^! ?+s4 ,he goes on to po9t out t ! pulpit rea*es u only on ,sundays1 & ! newspap] is quickly =gott51 b ! novel /ays ) u all ! "t4 ,& yet1 fac+ ?is responsibility1 !re are noveli/s :o admit t !y write = money1 & 8y & ,i & ! re/ ( u d n consid] ?is disreputable60 ,norris goes on to voice 8 own attitude t[>d 8 "w3 8,i nev] truckl$2 ,i nev] took (f ! hat to ,fa%ion & held x out = p5nies4 ,by ,god1 ,i told !m ! tru?4 ,!y lik$ x or !y didn't l x4 ,:at _h t to d ) me8 ,i told !m ! tru?40 ,he qualifies 8 doctr9e by ! /atem5t t ! noveli/ mu/ n let 8 purpose run away ) 8 /ory4 ,i h an idea he mu/ h let publi%]s & critics p]suade him he _h done t 9 8,! ,octopus02 = 9 8,! ,pit10 ! second volume ( 8 propos$ trilogy1 he is m tame & conv5tional4 ,he tries to int]e/ u 9 a gra9 brok] & 8 wife z human be+s--& he _c d t1 because p>asites are n & _c be int]e/+1 except 9 satire aft] ! fa%ion ( 8,babbitt40 ,we miss ! epic sweep & bigness ( 8,! ,octopus10 & we are n consol$ by ! fact t 8,! ,pit0 _h twice ! sale4 ,! relation%ip betwe5 ! noveli/'s purpose & 8 /ory is v simple2 ! two ?+s are "o1 & ( equal importance1 & ! noveli/ mu/ h !m bo? 9 h& at e mom5t ( 8 "w4 ,! consequ5ce ( los+ ei!r is equally fatal4 ,! noveli/ :o loses 8 grip ^u ! /ory & ! *>act]s :o are liv+ ! /ory1 beg9s at once to write a tract or a s]mon--,i "k all ab\t t1 hav+ done x4 ,b equally fatal x is to lose y\r grip ^u y\r purpose2 = !n y are do+ mean+less report+1 & becom+ a cam]a in/ead ( a creative intellect4 ,i am prep>$ to he> x said _m times t ! au?or ( ?is book does n "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 a tract or s]mon & a "w ( art4 ,b ^? :o read ! book1 n to get mat]ial = ridicule1 b to le>n ! tru? ab\t art1 w note t ,i h prais$ 9 ?is book only ! arti/s :o 7 big en\gh & /rong en\gh to keep bo? _! imag9ative impulse & _! intellectual control2 ,i h fail$ to m5tion a goodly company ( arti/s :o f\ght valiantly = fre$om & ju/ice1 b :o d n belong among ! greate/1 = precisely ! reason t _! impulse to tea* & to prea* ran away ) _! inspiration4 ,t is :y y miss su* names z ,plato & ,sir ,?omas ,m & ,f]d9& ,lassalle & ,b]?a von ,suttn] & ,john ,rusk9 & ,walt] ,besant & ,*>les ,k+sley & ,*>les ,reade & ,rob]t ,bu*anan & ,john ,davidson & ,ri*>d ,:ite+ & ,francis ,adams & ,h>riet ,bee*] ,/[e & ,edw>d ,bellamy4 ,,*apt] ,,cvi ,,! ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,am]ican ,david ,graham ,phillips af=ds an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! p[] ( b\rgeois criticism to suppress & aboli% ^? writ]s :o ?reat5 its ideology4 ,he 0 by all odds ! greate/ noveli/ ( ! p]iod 9 :i* he wrote1 a /urdy & vigor\s p]sonality1 :o look$ at ! _w ab\t him ) 8 own eyes & really _h some?+ to say4 ,he 0 wor? a doz5 ( ! imitation noveli/s :o 7 acclaim$ z great dur+ ! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! c5tury4 ,b ,phillips 0 a 8muck-rake man10 a prophet & a satiri/2 !re=e ! critics patroniz$ him1 & s9ce 8 dea? !y h =gott5 him4 ,no biography has be5 publi%$1 & a new g5]ation w h to make ! discov]y t he wrote ! bigge/ piece ( ,am]ican fiction ( 8 "t4 ,phillips 0 elev5 ye>s old] ?an myself1 b we arriv$ ^u ! lit]>y sc5e toge!r1 & ,i us$ to meet him n[ & !n 9 ,new ,york4 ,i h an idea t ,i annoy$ him2 he 0 g5]\s 9 prais+ my books1 b t did n satisfy me--,i want$ to make a ,sociali/ out ( him1 & he w\ld n h x6 ,he 0 ! g5u9e old-fa%ion$ ,am]ican1 ! we>] ( squ>e-to$ %oes & a /r+ tie4 ,i d n mean t ,i ev] saw him 9 t co/ume1 b t 8 view ( human society 0 d]iv$ f t p]iod4 ,he came f ! ,middle ,we/1 & believ$ 9 ! simple1 small-t[n democracy he _h !re kn[n4 ,a man ( common s5se1 he hat$ all =ms ( social pret5se & f9ickyness4 ,l a good ,am]ican1 he respect$ money & ! p[] ( money1 b he want$ ! p :o _h ?is p[] to behave l s5sible human be+s1 & he 0 infuriat$ because !y took to putt+ on 8side10 gett+ ,engli% butl]s & five footm5 9 liv]y4 ,he blam$ ?is especially on ! wom54 ,he loa!d ! mod]n p>asitic female1 to ! ext5t ( "s tw5ty volumes1 expos+ e aspect ( h] fooli%ness & empty-head$ness4 ,%e x 0 :o dragg$ m5 to ru91 %e caus$ ! corruption ( gov]nm5t & a g5]al riot ( gre$1 9 ord] t %e might h silk /ock+s & jewels & s]vants4 ,%e _h spurn$ ! jobs ( cook+ & sew+ & mak+ home1 )\t ev] hav+ tak5 ! tr\ble to le>n to d ^! effici5tly4 ,n[ %e c\ldn't d ev5 h] fooli% society job2 %e c\ldn't run a ri* man's h\sehold & be an intellig5t companion1 %e c\ldn't be> heal?y *ildr51 or raise !m to be any?+ b %irk]s4 ,prop] p 7 %ock$ by ,phillips because he talk$ s pla9ly1 & fa/idi\s p consid]$ him co>se4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he 0 a man ( t5d] he>t & true ref9em5t1 :o put on an aspect ( r\gh common s5se z a matt] ( pr9ciple4 ,cut out all ?is nons5se1 he seems to say to 8 read]s2 y "k we all want money1 we all l com=t1 we are all selfi% creatures2 y wom5 especially are mak+ silly pret5ses1 y "k y h to be kept1 & y pref] a man :o is self-will$ & ma/]ful1 a fight+ man4 ,s he record$ 8,! ,fa%ionable ,adv5tures ( ,jo%ua ,craig10 & irritat$ _m f9e ladies4 ,s 9 8,old ,wives = ,new0 he prea*es ! common s5se idea1 t if a woman is lazy & slutti% & refuses to "w at h] job z wife1 h] husb& is ju/ifi$ 9 gett+ rid ( h] & m>ry+ a "y & attractive woman4 ,9 8,! ,hungry ,he>t0 he deals ) ! et]nal triangle1 & %[s a husb& =giv+ an err+ wife--:i* y w\ld ?9k 0 good ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 b :i* is contr>y to fancy notions ( sexual implacability4 ,9 8,! ,husb&'s ,/ory0 he portrays a wife :o m>ries a man because %e believes he w succe$2 %e helps him to succe$1 & !y rise high1 b f9d+ t ! high] !y get1 ! less int]e/ !re is 9 life4 ,phillips 0 n cont5t ) prea*+ 9 8 novels2 he wrote a book1 a g5]al scold+ at 8,! ,age ( ,gilt40 ,"h y see ! old-fa%ion$ g5tleman f ,indiana1 an individuali/1 b a hat] ( monopoly & privilege1 a mod]n ,isaiah d5\nc+ graft & gre$4 ,! 8,cosmopolitan ,magaz9e0 lur$ him into writ+ a s]ies ( articles ab\t ! gang :i* 0 sell+ out our gov]nm5t2 8,! ,treason ( ! ,s5ate10 ! articles 7 call$1 & !y made an enorm\s upro>4 ,!odore ,roosevelt made a spee* d5\nc+ 8muck-rake m510 :i* 0 v pla9ly aim$ at ,phillips4 ,aft]w>ds1 9 8 "* z ,mr4 ,fac+-,bo?ways1 ,roosevelt made an attempt to get in=mation f ,phillips1 = use 9 8 fight aga9/ ! ,s5ate4 ,let me te/ify t only a few weeks be=e ,roosevelt made ?is 8muck-rake0 spee*1 ,i sat at 8 d9n]-table 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se & he>d him call ! roll ( ^! v same s5ators1 nam+ !m accord+ to ! int]e/s !y s]v$--! s5ator f ! ,/eel ,tru/1 ! s5ator f ! ,copp] ,tru/1 & s on4 ,i recall ! description ( ,hale ( ,ma9e1 ! s5ator f ! ,%ipp+ ,tru/3 8! mo/ innately & ess5tially malevol5t sc\ndrel t ,god ,almighty ev] put on e>?60 ,! entire writ+ life ( ,phillips 0 b>ely t5 ye>s1 & 9 t p]iod he work$ incessantly1 rewrit+ & revis+ ) pa9ful consci5ti\sness4 ,8 /ories 7 successful z s]ials1 & ,i rememb] once teas+ him because !y 7 always ( ! "r l5g? = ! purpose2 ,i wi%$ t m9e w\ld behave 9 t conv5i5t way4 ,! je/ app>5tly tr\bl$ him1 = he ref]r$ to x on sev]al occasions4 ,he did n tell me t = t5 ye>s he _h be5 work+ 9 secret ^u a novel ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& words6 ,he left t :5 he di$1 & x wait$ five ye>s = a magaz9e to get up ! c\rage to pr9t extracts f x4 ,we h x n[ 9 two volumes1 8,susan ,l5ox3 ,h] ,fall & ,rise40 ,its h]o9e is a girl :o be>s ! br& ( illegitimacy1 & runs away f home to escape x2 b !y br+ h] back & m>ry h] (f to an eld]ly f>m]1 & ! picture ( h] bridal night is "o ( ! un=gettable sc5es ( ,am]ican fiction4 ,susan is ignorant ( ! _w1 a fl[] 9 ! mud4 ,grop+ = light1 %e escapes aga91 & tries to e>n h] liv+ 9 a box factory1 & und]goes all ! horrors ( t5em5t life4 ,/>v$ out1 %e takes to ! /reets 9 ,c9c9nati1 & we see ! graft & cruelty ( city gov]nm5t4 ,%e is tak5 up z ! mi/ress ( a politician & travels ) him 9 ,europe4 ,b always %e is rea*+ t[>d some?+ bett]2 h] _s rema9s unt>ni%$1 & 9 ! end %e becomes a successful actress4 ,?is /ory1 ( c\rse1 %ock$ ! or?odox & respectable4 ,x 0 a new k9d ( romanticism1 famili> en\gh to ,europe1 b n to u4 ,c\ld a woman's s\l rema9 pure :ile h] body 0 sulli$8 ,! critics d5i$ x2 b1 z x happ5s1 sev]al wom5 ( t sort h made _! appe>ance s9ce ,phillips wrote--= example1 ! au?or ( 8,madele9e10 :o _h equally degrad+ exp]i5ces to tell1 & yet kept h] s\l1 & is work+ to help ! d[ntrodd5 "p ( h] sex4 ,no?+ (f5ds b\rgeois respectables m ?an ! /atem5t t wom5 are driv5 to pro/itution by economic =ces4 ,!y l to believe t ! wom5 ( ! poor are naturally deprav$2 also1 !y don't want work+ girls made discont5t$ ) _! lot1 & !y don't want social re=m]s pok+ _! noses into box factories & dep>tm5t-/ores4 ,s !y call 8,susan ,l5ox0 an immoral book1 & x is taboo 9 libr>ies & reviews4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 ,david ,graham ,phillips %[s himself 9 ?is book a ?or\ghly b\rgeois p]son1 safely & :olesomely 8,am]ican0 9 8 :ole-he>t$ acceptance ( ! doctr9e t a woman _c & ought n try to live )\t com=t4 ,susan's exp]i5ce 9 ! box factory is brief2 %e suff]s1 bo? 9 m9d & body1 b n s deeply t %e _c be> to leave ! work+ class1 & rise above x1 & w9 fame & =tune by ent]ta9+ ! ma/] class1 9 t k9d ( pro/itution kn[n z ! capitali/ !atre4 ,x does n occur to h] to conceive a passionate ideal ( si/]hood ) all ! oppress$ factory work]s2 to hang on to h] job ) !m1 & tea* & organize !m1 & lead !m 9 a /rike = bett] work+ conditions & high] wages4 ,t1 y see1 is ano!r me?od by :i* a h]o9e c\ld develop a beautiful s\l2 ano!r pa? by :i* %e c\ld break into ! _w ( intellect & p[]--! way ( class-consci\sness & solid>ity4 ,b ,david ,graham ,phillips did n und]/& ! revolution>y psy*ology1 & c\ld n h imp>t$ x to 8 h]o9e2 he 0 b\nd by ! limitations ( a small-t[n man f ,indiana1 a graduate ( ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity1 a city editor ( capitali/ newspap]s4 ,i read ! scant records ( 8 life1 & f9d a lead+ critic prais+ him because he _h 8no panaceas02 mean+ t ! critic lik$ him because 8 ?9k+ 0 z muddl$ z ! critic's4 ,! old-fa%ion$ ,am]ican has prea*$ u a trem5d\s & mov+ s]mon1 putt+ 8 :ole he>t into x2 & x w\ld be pleasant to be able to express = x ! same unque/ion+ rev]5ce z ,mr4 ,rob]t ,w4 ,*amb]s1 :o writes ! introduction to ! book4 ,b tru? requires me to po9t out t ,phillips avoids hav+ 8 h]o9e contract v5]eal disease--some?+ :i* might decid$ly h affect$ ! beauty ( h] s\l4 ,also1 %e manages to pres]ve h] beauty1 9 spite ( ! "p :i* gett+ m5 drunk plays 9 ! life ( a /reet-walk]4 ,9 o!r words1 he idealizes pro/itution z a c>e] = wom51 9 ord] to give x ! advantage ov] ! box factory4 ,x is v significant t he fails to take u into ?is factory & %[ u ! "w2 all we get is ,susan's int]views ) ! boss 9 8 (fice4 ,we d n meet ! o!r wom51 except ! "o ) :om ,susan />ves 9 h] t5em5t room4 ,s we fail to realize t ,susan's solution ( h] problem is n ! solution = all wom54 ,!re h to be boxes1 z well z sex gratification1 9 ! capitali/ _w2 & ?\s&s ( wom5 mu/ hold _! box-mak+ jobs4 ,!y lose _! hair & tee?1 sometimes _! f+]s1 & always _! beauty2 b !y acquire class-consci\sness2 & "h & !re a g5ius among !m1 by incr$ible h]oic labors1 gets a bit ( k & becomes a lead]4 ,s1 out ( ! :ole mass-mis]y results organization1 & t labor movem5t :i* is ! g]m ( ! new society1 tak+ =m1 accord+ to ! wondr\s process ( nature1 inside ! %ell ( ! old4 ,b ( all ?is we get no h9t 9 8,susan ,l5ox02 a middle-class /ory1 writt5 by a middle-class man ab\t a middle-class girl :o desc5ds = a %ort p]iod into ! inf]no ( work+-class life1 & !n magically rises out ( x aga94 ,if ,david ,graham ,phillips _h writt5 ! /ory ( a work+-class girl1 :o /ay$ ) ! work+ class & le>n$ work+-class lessons--:y !n all critics w\ld h indict$ him = ! crime ( hav+ a 8panacea10 & 8,susan ,l5ox0 w\ld h wait$1 n five ye>s1 b fifty ye>s1 = publication 9 a popul> magaz9e6 ,,*apt] ,,cvii ,,bagdad-,,on-,,!-,,subway ,! %ort /ory writ] :o sign$ ! p5 "n ,o4 ,h5ry bur/ l a meteor ^u ! magaz9e _w ( ,new ,york4 ,8 fir/ /ories appe>$ 9 #aijb1 :5 he _h only eight ye>s ( life be=e him4 ,9 t "t he became ! recogniz$ k+ ( ! craft2 ev]ybody read him1 high & l[1 ^? skill$ 9 writ+ z well z ! pla9 p ) ^: fates he dealt4 ,he p\r$ out 8 /ories at ! rate ( "o or two e week1 & if he did n get ! highe/ prices ev] he>d (1 x 0 because he c>$ no?+ ab\t money & did n tr\ble to claim 8 own4 ,he 0 a /range1 res]v$ man1 deeply lov$ by 8 few fri5ds1 b h>d to get at1 & res5tful ( ! intrusion ( lion hunt]s4 ,he _h ! t5d]ness & s5tim5tality ( ! ,s\!rn g5tleman1 comb9$ ) a secretiv5ess :i* puzzl$ ! d5iz5s ( 8 ,bagdad-on-!-,subway4 ,only a few facts ab\t 8 life 7 kn[n2 t he _h liv$ on a ran* 9 ,texas1 _h be5 a drug/ore cl]k1 _h writt5 = pap]s 9 ,new ,orleans1 _h travel$ 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & 0 a wid[] & _h a "y daught]--t 0 all 8 be/ fri5ds knew4 ,!re 0 a gap 9 8 life1 & no "o v5tur$ to "q him4 ,b sev]al ye>s aft] 8 dea? a biography 0 publi%$1 & ! disclosure 0 made t ,am]ica's %ort /ory k+ _h s]v$ ?ree ye>s & ?ree mon?s z a f$]al prison] 9 ! ,ohio p5it5ti>y4 ,t 0 :]e he _h begun 8 c>e] z a /ory writ]2 t 0 :]e he _h got 8 intimate k ( g5tle graft]s & *ivalr\s highwaym52 t 0 :]e he _h acquir$ ! pa?os & ! he>t-break4 ,x 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,am]ica t !re %\ld h be5 a great fuss ov] ?is disclosure4 ,!re 0 ! daught]1 & also a new wife1 & ^! ?\ght t ! dreadful secret s long hidd5 %\ld h /ay$ hidd54 ,likewise "s editors & review]s ?\ght x4 ,"h 0 a man :o 0 assum$ to belong to ! ages1 & "h 0 a /ory m mov+ & m in/ructive ?an any volume ,o4 ,h5ry _h publi%$2 b !y want$ to bury x 9 8 grave--because1 =soo?1 ,am]ica is ! l& ( respectability1 & ! deepe/ trag$ies ( ! human s\l are ( no consequ5ce comp>$ ) ! desire ( two ladies to escape humiliation 9 a matt] = :i* nei!r 0 9 any way to be blam$4 ,x appe>s t ,o4 ,h5ry 0 a tell] ( a bank 9 ,texas1 ! affairs ( :i* 7 v loosely h&l$4 ,some?+ ov] a ?\s& doll>s 0 miss+2 somebody else got x1 & ,o4 ,h5ry got ! tr\ble4 ,he 0 on 8 way to /& trial1 :5 he fell into a panic2 he c\ld n face ! ordeal1 & ran away to ,honduras4 ,b !n1 le>n+ t 8 wife 0 dy+ ( tub]culosis1 he c\ld n /& t ei!r1 & came home4 ,8 wife di$1 & he w5t ?r\gh 8 trial 9 a daze ( %ame1 & w5t to prison1 to witness t inf9ity ( horrors :i* ,am]ica heaps ^u ^? :o h ?reat5$ its prop]ty int]e/s4 ,:ile 9 ,honduras 8,bill0 ,port]--t 0 8 real "n--_h made a /range acqua9tance1 ,al ,j5n+s1 a tra9-b&it mu* want$ by ,wells-,f>go detectives4 ,! two m5 came back to ,am]ica & fate br\ght !m to ! same p5it5ti>y4 ,j5n+s has s9ce re=m$1 & has giv5 u ! /ory ( himself & 8 lit]>y fri5d 9 a book call$ 8,?r\gh ! ,%ad[s ) ,o4 ,h5ry40 ,s we are privileg$ to see ! raw mat]ial out ( :i* ! /ories 7 made1 & to wat* ! mak] at 8 "w4 ,he _h become ! drug cl]k ( ! prison1 & 9 8 sp>e h\rs he wrote incessantly1 9 ord] to =get ! human angui% ab\t him4 ,he w\ld take ! outlaw /ories ( ,j5n+s1 ! /ories ( all v>ieties ( (f5d]s 9 ! prison1 & trans=m !m to 8 own uses4 ,outside 0 8 little daught]1 c>efully kept 9 ignorance z to h] fa!r's :]eab\ts2 he mu/ h money to s5d h] a ,*ri/mas pres5t1 & s he gr\nd out manuscripts & mail$ !m to magaz9es4 ,& s once m1 z 9 ! case ( ,m>k ,twa91 we see ! _s ( b\rgeois ,am]ica1 embodi$ 9 ! p]sonality ( a woman1 engag$ 9 remodel+ ! s\l ( a g5ius4 ,"h 0 a mass ( mat]ial1 palpitat+ ) life1 & ready to be %ap$ into "o ( ! great tragic records ( ! ages4 ,& "h 0 a lov+ & t5d]-he>t$1 humor\s & blund]+ ,s\!rn g5tleman1 ) no grasp ( social =ces & no und]/&+ ( :at _h happ5$ to him1 engag$ 9 s5tim5taliz+ & fem9iz+ t mass ( mat]ial4 ,take "o example1 ! /ory ( 8,jimmy ,val5t9e10 ! mo/ popul> "* ,o4 ,h5ry creat$4 ,?is /ory 0 made into a play1 :i* _h enorm\s success bo? 9 ,am]ica & ,engl&2 x 0 /ol5 & dramatiz$ sev]al times 9 ,france & ,spa92 x 0 ! s\rce ( a new /age v>iety1 :at is kn[n z ! 8crook play40 ,! /ory tells ab\t a little *ild :o is lock$ by accid5t 9 a bank vault1 & w be suffocat$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,a fam\s safe-crack] le>ns ( h] plight & op5s ! safe1 & !reby reveals himself to a detective :o has be5 hunt+ him4 ,b ! detective1 be+ a magaz9e detective1 is k9d-he>t$ & easily mov$ to te>s2 he =egoes ! glory & rew>d ( captur+ a fam\s crook1 & ! crook retires to be good & happy ev] aft]w>ds 9 ! company ( ! little *ild4 ,su* is ! und]world accord+ to ,am]ican magaz9e my?ology4 ,& n[1 :at 0 ! true /ory ( 8,jimmy ,val5t9e08 ,!re 0 a great sc&al 9 ! /ate ( ,ohio2 "s high-class crooks1 ( ! k9d :o nev] g to ! p5it5ti>y1 _h /ol5 millions ( doll>s1 & lock$ all ! pap]s 9 a vault & escap$4 ,^! pap]s mu/ be _h1 & x 0 n possible to bl[ op5 ! vault ) dynamite1 = fe> ( de/roy+ !m4 ,s ! gov]nor appli$ to ! p5it5ti>y = a compet5t safe-crack+ arti/4 ,a man came =w>d4 ,he _h be5 a gutt]-rat1 />v+ 9 *ildhood1 l ,al ,j5n+s1 :o tells 8 /ory4 ,at ! age ( elev51 a 8rav5\s little rag-pick]10 he _h brok5 into a box-c> & /ol5 t5 c5ts wor? ( crack]s1 & _h be5 s5t to a 8re=matory10 & turn$ out a ma/]-crook1 at eighte54 ,a ye> lat] !y _h s5t him to ! p5it5ti>y = life--an 8habitual crim9al40 ,n[ he 0 dy+ ( tub]culosis1 & 8 old "m 0 dy+ ( grief1 because %e _h n be5 p]mitt$ to see h] son1 or ev5 to he> f him = sixte5 ye>s4 ,?is man _h a me?od ( op5+ safes1 :i* consi/$ ( fil+ 8 f+]-nails (f1 s t ) ! quiv]+ raw fle% he c\ld feel ! dropp+ ( ! 8tumbl]s10 z he turn$ ! dial ( ! lock4 ,he 0 promis$ 8 lib]ty if he w\ld op5 ! vault = ! great /ate ( ,ohio4 ,he did x 9 t5 seconds2 & !n ! promise 0 brok51 & he w5t back to die 9 prison4 ,:5 8 c(f9 0 c>t$ out1 !re 0 8 old he>t-brok5 "m 9 ! slu% & sn[1 toddl+ along ) /ream+ eyes & /ret*$-out h&s beh9d ! c>t4 ,t 0 a real /ory1 y see2 & ,o4 ,h5ry 0 9 ! prison :5 x happ5$1 he felt ! ?rill ( horror & fury t ran ?r\gh ! place :5 ! p>don 0 d5i$4 ,b1 y see1 if he _h writt5 t /ory1 he w\ld n h _h any ,*ri/mas gifts to s5d to 8 little daught]1 nor w\ld he h be5 invit$ to ,bagdad-on-!-,subway to be cr[n$ ! %ort /ory k+4 ,s unwill+ 0 he to face reality t he did n ev5 use ! detail ab\t ,jimmy ,val5t9e's fil+ (f 8 f+]-nails4 ,no1 ! crook 9 8 /ory has to op5 ! safe ) a special fancy set ( tools6 ,y see1 ,o4 ,h5ry simply c\ld n face ! pa9 ( life2 he did n "k :at to d ab\t x1 & s he dodg$ x--j l ! magaz9e writ]s & ! magaz9e public ( 8 p]iod4 ,he c\ld n ev5 face 8 own disgrace2 8 he>t 0 dead 9 t prison1 ev5 ! ?\ght ( fre$om 0 a t]ror1 because ( ! awful secret he w\ld c>ry4 ,j5n+s quotes him3 8,! prison label is worse ?an ! br& ( ,ca94 ,if ! _w once sees x1 y are doom$4 ,x %all n see x on me4 ,i w n become an outca/40 ,und]/&1 he knew himself to be innoc5t2 & yet he took ! position ( an ex-convict1 cr\*+ & trembl+4 ,!re 7 o!r m5 :o w5t to prison1 = example1 #8,g5e ,debs1 :o also knew himself to be innoc5t2 he came out a w>rior & a sa9t4 ,b ,o4 ,h5ry accept$ ! social sy/em z p]man5t1 id5tical ) de/9y4 ,he 0 (t5 comp>$ to ,maupassant1 & t hurt 8 feel+s1 = he said t he _h nev] writt5 a fil?y l9e 9 8 life1 & he did n wi% to be comp>$ to a fil?y writ]4 ,y see "h ! limitations ( 8 und]/&+2 morality means sex1 & he is revolt$ by ,gallic brutality1 & practices s5tim5tal ,s\!rn retic5ce4 ,b 9 a m fundam5tal way 8 po9t ( view is id5tical ) t ( ,maupassant2 = to bo? writ]s class gre$ has tak5 ! place ( ,god 9 control ( ! univ]se4 ,! ,fr5* writ] je]s & hates1 :ile ! ,am]ican smiles & weeps2 b ea* f9ds ! po9t ( 8 /ory 9 ! incongruities & absurdities :i* ?is artificial economic fate inflicts ^u its helpless & uncompreh5d+ victims4 ,/rike ?r\gh ! pa?os & ! trag$y ( ,o4 ,h5ry at any po9t1 & :at d y f9d8 ,ev]y:]e & inevitably "o ?+1 ! ,big ,bus9ess sy/em ( ,am]ica4 ,"h is a waitress 9 a re/aurant ) :ite porcela9 walls & glass-topp$ tables & a ceaseless clatt] ( crock]y4 ,yes1 x is pa!tic = a girl to c>ry loads ( crock]y all day1 & try to keep virtu\s on a />vation wage4 ,!n close ! ,o4 ,h5ry book1 & consult ,moody's ,manual ( ,corporations1 & y discov] t ! great *a9 ( re/aurants has be5 b\ght by ,/&>d ,oil2 ,am]ica's 8great clamor] = divid5ds0 has d\bl$ ! prices ( ! food )\t improv+ its quality1 & has fail$ to raise wages to keep pace ) ! co/ ( liv+4 ,or take ,james ,turn]1 :o presses hats all day & has to /& on 8 feet1 :i* makes !m sore2 he f9ds 8 escape 9 read+ ,cl>k ,russell's sea-tales1 & hav+ got a copy1 he is happy ev5 9 jail4 ,consult a /udy ( ! sweat$ trades1 & y note t hat press+ is a second>y & p>asitic indu/ry1 incapable ( be+ organiz$2 !re=e ! poor devil has no "o to protect 8 sore feet4 ,a "p ( 8 equipm5t is a je]+ scorn = ^? :o are /riv+ to enlight5 him4 8,say10 he asks1 8d ,i look l ,i'd climb$ d[n "o ( !m miss+ fire-escapes at ,helicon ,hall80 ,t is 8 way ( say+ t he has no vision ( a bett] _w2 x is ,o4 ,h5ry's idea ( be+ a sociologi/4 7,if y h any curiosity conc]n+ ,helicon ,hall & its fire-escapes1 ! /ory is 9 8,! ,brass ,*eck407 ,! obscure & exploit$ masses ( ,new ,york1 ! waitresses & hat-press]s & soda-j]k]s & bums & taxi driv]s & policem51 ,o4 ,h5ry's ,f\r ,million1 adopt$ him z _! favorite writ]1 because he knew _! lives1 he lov$ !m1 & !y felt t love "u ! cov] ( 8 laught]4 ,& 9 tru? x is a pleasant ?+ :5 y are 9 tr\ble to f9d a he>t :i* feels ) y2 b x is an ev5 m important ?+ to f9d a head :i* und]/&s ! causes ( y\r tr\ble & c help y to escape x4 ,! ,f\r ,million w h to look else:]e ?an to ,o4 ,h5ry = t head4 ,!re 0 an ess5tial fact ab\t him :i* 8 (ficial biograph] fails to m5tion2 he 0 a true ,s\!rn g5tleman 9 ano!r respect--t he drank too mu*4 ,al ,j5n+s records t he 0 half drunk :5 ,j5n+s enc\nt]$ him1 sitt+ 9 front ( ! ,am]ican consulate 9 ! little t[n ( ,trujillo1 ,honduras4 ,!y proce$$ to get all ! way drunk1 & to celebrate ! ,f\r? ( ,july by %oot+ up ! place4 ,& !re is mu* o!r dr9k+ scatt]$ ?r\gh ! /ory4 ,9 ! prison ,o4 ,h5ry 0 9 *>ge ( c]ta9 supplies1 & he f\nd t contractors 7 robb+ ! prison1 & he want$ to expose !m2 b ,j5n+s %[$ him t if he did s1 he w\ld get himself ?r[n into ! hole1 & beat5 to dea? by ! prison p[]s :o 7 %>+ 9 ! graft4 ,s our poor ,s\!rn g5tleman kept sil5ce1 & receiv$ l>ge pres5ts ( w9e & liquor4 ,:5 he came to ,new ,york1 ?is habit _h him 9 its grip1 & nev] let him g4 ,s "h is a po9t ab\t ! ,o4 ,h5ry /ories2 !y are alcoholic /ories1 & take ! alcoholic attitude t[>d life4 ,! fri5ds ( ,o4 ,h5ry1 :o sp5t _! "t try+ to save him1 w und]/& :at all ( u "k :o h _h to d ) ,s\!rn g5tlem5 ( ! old s*ool3 t a victim ( alcohol c weep ) pity & c m+le laught] ) 8 te>s2 he c be *>m+ & beautiful1 g5tle & k9d2 b "o ?+ he c r>ely h1 & t is a firm grasp ( ! realities ab\t him2 ano!r ?+ he c nev] by any possibility h1 & t is an attitude ( p]si/5t & unfl9*+ resolve4 ,yet ^! are exactly ! qualities :i* ! ,f\r ,million w h to develop be=e !y c escape f _! slav]y 9 ,bagdad-(-!-,traction-,tru/4 ,,*apt] ,,cviii ,,sup]manhood ,we come n[ to ! fir/ ( ! writ]s ( our "t :o 0 born ( ! work+ class1 & c>ri$ 8 work+-class consci\sness into 8 lit]>y c>e]4 ,he 0 ! true k+ ( our /ory tell]s1 ! brighte/ /> t fla%$ ^u our skies4 ,he br\ght u ! greate/ end[m5t bo? ( g5ius & ( bra91 & ! /ory ( :at ,am]ica did to him is a pa9ful "o4 ,jack ,london 0 born 9 ,san ,francisco1 9 #ahgf1 :i* made him two ye>s my s5ior4 ,we took to ex*ang+ our fir/ books1 & a controv]sy />t$ betwe5 u1 :i* la/$ ! re/ ( 8 life2 ! la/ lett] ,i receiv$ f him 0 an invitation to come up to ! ran* & cont9ue x4 8,y & ,i ought to h "s #8/raight f ! %\ld]' talk ) ea* o!r4 ,x is com+ to y1 x may be com+ to me4 ,x may illum9ate "o or ! o!r or bo? ( u40 ,i answ]$ t ,i 0 f9i%+ a job ( writ+2 b t z soon z ! job 0 done ,i w\ld come & 8/& ! gaff40 ,& !n ,i read t he 0 dead6 ,x 0 ! old "q1 sev]al times /at$ 9 ?is book1 ( self-discipl9e v]sus self-indulg5ce2 or1 z ,jack w\ld h put x1 asceticism v]sus self-expression4 ,:i* way w a man get ! mo/ out ( life8 ,believ+ 9 8 own nature & giv+ x re91 liv+ int5sely & fa/2 or di/ru/+ 8 nature1 all nature1 /oop+ to mean cautions & fe>s1 impos+ a rule ^u 8 impulses--& s cutt+ himself (f f 8 joyful fell[s1 & expos+ himself to pa9ful sne]s8 ,i see ,jack vividly1 z he 0 at our fir/ meet+1 :5 he came to ,new ,york 9 #aijd or #aije4 ,at t "t he 0 9 ! full glory ( 8 newly-won fame1 & we "y ,sociali/s _h got up a big meet+ = him at ,gr& ,c5tral ,palace4 ,our h]o came on a belat$ tra9 f ,florida1 arriv+ :5 our he>ts 7 sick ) despair2 he came1 radiant & ?rill+1 9 spite ( an attack ( tonsilitis1 & /rode ^u ! plat=m amid ! wav+ ( r$ h&k]*iefs1 & 9 a voice ( calm defiance read to ! city ( ,new ,york 8 essay1 8,revolution40 ,new ,york did n l x1 ne$less to say4 ,b ,i lik$ x s well t ,i 0 prep>$ to give my h]o ! admiration ( a slave4 ,b we sp5t ! next day toge!r1 *att+ ( ! ?+s we 7 bo? absorb$ 92 & all t day ! h]o smok$ cig>ettes & drank--,i don't rememb] :at x 01 = all ^! r$ & br[n & gre5 & gold5 concoctions are equally pa9ful to me1 & ! sight ( !m deprives me ( ! control ( my facial muscles4 ,jack1 ( c\rse1 soon not$ ?is2 he 0 ! r$-blood1 & ,i 0 ! mollycoddle1 & he mu/ h 8 fun ) me1 9 ! mood ( ! oy/] pirate & r\/ab\t4 ,tales ( incr$ible debau*es2 tales ( opium & ha%i%1 & ,i "k n :at o!r /range +r$i5ts2 tales ( :isky b\ts la/+ = weeks6 ,i rememb] a picture ( two sailor boys at sea 9 a small boat1 unable to escape f ea* o!r1 conceiv+ a furi\s hatr$ ( ea* o!r1 & :5 !y got a%ore1 retir+ beh9d ! s&-dunes to fight4 ,!y f\ght until !y c\ld h>dly walk--& !n !y repair$ to t[n to heal _! bruises ) alcohol4 ,! next "t we met 0 six or eight ye>s lat]2 & ?is "t ! controv]sy 0 m s]i\s4 ,= n[ ,jack _h read 8,love's ,pilgrimage10 & 0 exasp]at$ by :at seem$ to him a /ill less excusable =m ( asceticism1 t ( sex4 ,"h 0 a s-call$ h]o1 a prig ( a poet1 driv+ a "y wife to unhapp9ess by notions born 9 ! d>k corn]s ( ,*ri/ian monk]ies4 ,i am n sure j h[ ,i def5d$ poor ,?yrsis2 ,i am n sure h[ cle>ly ,i myself saw at t "t ! peculi> work+ ( sex-idealism :i* _h manife/$ itself 9 t novel2 ! impulse a man has to be a%am$ ( advantages giv5 to him by nature & society1 & s to put himself *ivalr\sly "u ! feet ( a woman--rais+ h]1 an image ( p]fection1 ^u a p$e/al ( 8 own self-reproa*4 ,sometimes %e refuses to /ay ^u ?is p$e/al2 & s results a comical plight = a too-imag9ative ascetic6 ,! argum5t betwe5 ,jack & myself 0 h&icapp$ on t occasion by ! fact t 8 voice 0 almo/ entirely gone because ( a sore ?roat4 ,he 0 try+ ! alcohol treatm5t2 my la/ picture ( him 9 ! fle% 0 v mu* ( ! fle%1 alas6--) a flask ( g9 be=e him1 & ! /umps ( _m cig>ettes 9 8 d9n]-plate1 & 8 eyes r$ & un:olesome-look+4 ,he has told ! /ory ( 8 travels 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,alcoholia himself1 told x bravely & completely1 s ,i am n oblig$ to use any res]ve 9 speak+ ( ?is aspect ( 8 life4 ,i w5t away1 m ?an ev] confirm$ z a mollycoddle6 ,b ,jack ,london 0 a man ) a magnific5t m9d1 & a giant's w4 ,he f\ght trem5d\s battles 9 8 own s\l--battles 9 despite ( 8 own false philosophy1 battles :i* he 0 fight+ ev5 :ile he 0 qu>rel+ at o!r m5's self-re/ra9t4 ,he w5t on a trip ar\nd ! ,horn1 :i* la/$ sev]al mon?s1 & drank no?+ all t "t2 also1 he wrote t %9+ book1 8,john ,b>leycorn10 "o ( ! mo/ useful & mo/ ent]ta9+ ev] p5n$ by a man4 ,x 0 our habit to s5d ea* o!r our new books1 & to ex*ange comm5ts on !m4 ,:5 ,i read 8,john ,b>leycorn0 ,i wrote t ! book _h made me realize a new aspect ( ! dr9k problem1 a wrong x did to m5 :o nev] t\*$ x--9 depriv+ !m ( companion%ip1 mak+ !m exiles among _! fell[s4 ,s mu* ( m5's int]c\rse dep5ds ^u & is color$ by dr9k+6 ,i1 = example1 _h always felt t my fri5d%ip ) ,jack ,london _h be5 limit$ by t di%>mony4 ,he wrote 9 reply t ,i 0 mi/ak52 x 0 especially ) my attitude t[>ds sex t he disagre$4 ,we ex*ang$ "s lett]s ab\t ! matt]1 & m5tally prep>$ ourselves = t duel :i* w nev] be f\ght4 ,9 conclud+ ! subject ( alcohol1 let me po9t out t ,jack himself settl$ ! controv]sy by vot+ = 8,cali=nia ,dry0 at ! election held a few days be=e 8 dea?4 ,8 explanation 0 t :ile he enjoy$ dr9k+1 he 0 will+ to =ego t enjoym5t = ! sake ( ! y\ng] g5]ation2 & x w\ld inde$ be a graceless ascetic :o ask$ m ?an t6 ,s f> z conc]ns ! matt] ( sex1 ! te/ ( a man's philosophy is t at ! age ( =ty he has kept 8 belief 9 womank9d1 9 ! joy & satisfaction t true love may give4 ,:]e ! philosophy ( 8self-expression0 _h l$ ,jack ,london 0 kn[n to _m :o he>d him tell ( a book he plann$ to write1 giv+ ! :ole /ory ( 8 exp]i5ces ) wom54 ,he meant to write x ) ! same ru?less hone/y he _h us$ 9 8,john ,b>leycorn02 reveal+ 8 tragic disillusionm5t1 & 8 contempt = woman z a p>asite1 a creature ( vanity & self-indulg5ce4 ,jack's conque/s among ! sex _h be5 _m1 & too easy1 x w\ld seem2 l mo/ fight]s1 he despis$ an unwor?y antagoni/4 ,! wom5 :o ?rew !mselves at 8 head came f all classes ( society1 drawn to him z mo?s to a flame2 b x is evid5t t 8 philosophy 0 to blame = ! fact t !re 7 s few among !m he c\ld respect4 ,!re 7 surely _m able to hold ! int]e/ ( a great man1 :o did n %>e 8 philosophy1 & !re=e rema9$ unnotic$ by him4 ,x is n g5]ally ! cu/om to write ( ^! ?+s 9 pla9 words2 b 9 ! case ( ,jack ,london x w\ld be futile to d o!rwise1 because he spoke ( !m freely1 & w\ld h writt5 ( !m 9 ! same way4 ,8 :ole attitude 0 a *all5ge to tru?-tell+1 a call = frankness1 ev5 to ! po9t ( brutality4 ,! book he plann$ 0 to be publi%$ "u "s su* "n z 8,jack ,liv]pool0--:i* y mu/ admit w\ld h>dly h be5 a v adequate disguise4 ,i h he>d "o ( 8 be/ fri5ds say t he is glad ,jack nev] liv$ to write x4 ,= my "p1 believ+ z ,i d t ! salvation ( ! race dep5ds ^u unmask+ ! falsehoods ( our class-morality--! in/itution :i* ,i call 8m>riage plus pro/itution0--,i _c b sigh = ?is lo/ /ory4 ,:at an awak5+ x w\ld h br\ght to ! mo!rs ( our s-call$ 8bett] classes10 if ,jack ,london _h ev] giv5 to ! _w ! true /ory ( 8 exp]i5ces ) _! daught]s6 ,z a s*ool boy 9 ,oakl&1 = example1 ) ! "y girls ( ! com=table classes 9 t city6 ,he & 8 companions1 sons ( work+m5 & poor p1 look+ up to ! great _w above !m inquir+ly1 made ! /range discov]y t ^! %9+1 gold5-hair$ pets ( luxury1 gu>d$ at home & 9 _! relations ) _! social equals by ! ?\s& sleepless eyes ( sc&al1 f\nd x safe & pleasant to repair to secret r5dezv\s among ! will[ ?ickets ( ,lake ,m]ritt1 & !re play ! nymph to h&some & /urdy fauns ( a class bel[ ! level ev] rea*$ by ! ?\s& sleepless eyes6 ,:5 y li/5$ to a n>rative su* z t1 y realiz$ ! grim mean+ t ,jack ,london put into 8 essay1 8,:at ,life ,means to ,me10 tell+ ( ! embitt]m5t t came to him :5 he1 ! oy/] pirate & r\/ab\t1 broke into ! 8p>lor floor ( society03 ,:]e !y 7 n alive ) rott5ness1 quick ) unclean life1 !y 7 m]ely ! unburi$ dead4444 ,! wom5 7 g[n$ beautifully1 ,i admit2 b to my naive surprise ,i discov]$ t !y 7 ( ! same clay z all ! re/ ( ! wom5 ,i _h kn[n d[n bel[ 9 ! cell>4444 ,x is true ^! beautifully g[n$1 beautiful wom5 prattl$ sweet little ideals & de> little moralities2 b1 9 spite ( _! prattle1 ! dom9ant key ( ! life !y liv$ 0 mat]iali/ic4 ,& !y 7 s s5tim5tally selfi%6 ,!y assi/$ 9 all k9ds ( sweet little *>ities & in=m$ "o ( ! fact1 :ile all ! "t ! food !y ate & ! beautiful clo!s !y wore 7 b\ght out ( divid5ds /a9$ ) ! blood ( *ild labor1 & sweat$ labor1 & pro/itution itself4 ,jack ,london _h a dream ( ano!r k9d ( love2 ! dream ( a /rong1 free1 pr\d woman1 ! mate = a /rong1 free1 pr\d man4 ,?is dream came into 8 writ+s at ! />t2 into 8,a ,daught] ( ! ,sn[s10 8 ?ird novel--! v "n ( x1 y p]ceive4 ,?is /ory1 publi%$ 9 ! second ye> ( ! pres5t c5tury1 0 crude & boyi%1 b x _h ! promise ( 8 dawn+ greatness1 & 0 ! occasion ( my fir/ lett] to him1 & ! beg9n+ ( our fri5d%ip4 ,aft]w>ds he told ?is same dream ( ! p]fect mat+1 ov] & ov] aga92 he cont9u$ to tell x long aft] he _h ceas$ to believe 9 x4 ,?is necessity ( writ+ ab\t sex 9 a way t 0 utt]ly ins9c]e mu/ h be5 ! ma9 cause ( t contempt = 8 own fiction :i* ,london 0 s swift & vehem5t to proclaim4 ,! expression ( ?is contempt 0 ! mo/ />tl+ ?+ ab\t him1 to any "o :o admir$ 8 "w4 8,i loa! ! /uff :5 ,i h done x4 ,i d x because ,i want money & x's an easy way to get x4 ,b if ,i c\ld h my *oice ab\t x ,i nev] w\ld put p5 to pap]--except to write a ,sociali/ essay1 to tell ! b\rgeois _w h[ mu* ,i despise x40 ,i rememb] try+ to p]suade him t he mu/ h enjoy$ writ+ ! be/ ( 8 /ories--8,! ,sea ,wolf0 & 8,! ,call ( ! ,wild02 b he w\ld n h x s4 ,he 0 a man ( action2 he lik$ to sail a boat1 to run a ran*1 to fight = ,socialism4 ,8 real attitude t[>ds woman 0 express$ 9 8,m>t9 ,ed510 8 mo/ autobiographical novel1 ^: h]o gives 8 f9al conclusion ab\t life by dropp+ himself out ( ! por?ole ( an ocean /eam] at night4 ,?is h]o is a work+ boy1 :o makes a desp]ate /ruggle to rise f pov]ty2 b ! girl ( ! _w ( culture1 :om he idealizes & wor%ips1 proves a c[>d & fails him 9 8 ne$4 ,t is "o wrong an uncompreh5d+ woman c d to a man2 & yet ano!r is to compreh5d 8 weak] "p too well4 ,i h he>d fri5ds ( ,london's boyhood tell h[ he came back f ! ,klondike ) ! flu% ( 8 y\?ful dream ^u him--! dream ( ! primitive female1 ! 8mate0 ( ! /rong & pr\d & free man2 & h[ a %rewd "y woman saw h] *ance & proce$$ to play ! primitive female 9 draw+-rooms1 leap+ ov] tables & *airs1 & o!rwise exhibit+ ab\nd+ en]gy4 ,b :5 ?is game _h accompli%$ its purpose %e did no m leap+1 b 8settl$ d[n10 z ! phrase is2 & s came a divorce4 ,?is 8,m>t9 ,ed50 is assur$ly "o ( ,jack ,london's greate/ works2 he put 8 real s\l into x1 & ! fact t x 0 s little kn[n & read1 mu/ h be5 ( evil significance to him4 ,x taught him t if an ,am]ican writ] wants to e>n a liv+ ) 8 p5--especially an extravagant liv+--x is necess>y t he %\ld avoid deal+ 9 any true & vital way ) ! !me ( sex4 ,ei!r he mu/ write ov] & ov] aga9 ! dream ( primitive & p]fect mat+1 a ph5om5on unreal & unconv9c+ to p :o are n primitive1 b :o h intellects z well z bodies to mate2 or else1 if he deals ) mod]n life1 he mu/ give u details ( ! spl5did & deva/at+ passions ( ! prosp]\s--! k9d ( p]fum$ poison n[ all ! rage4 ,"o saw ! beg9n+ ( t 9 8,! ,little ,lady ( ! ,big ,h\se10 & ,i c\nt ?is book ! mo/ s9i/] sign 9 ! life ( ,jack ,london4 ,a man c h>dly h a ?irty-six ?\s& doll> a ye> contract ) ! ,he>/ magaz9es & /ill keep 8 s\l alive6 ,i w\ld say to myself1 m\rnfully1 t ,am]ica _h 8got0 ,jack ,london1 j z x 8got0 ,m>k ,twa96 ,b !n some?+ w\ld happ5 to %[ me t ,i _h giv5 up hope too soon4 ,jack _h a m9d :i* work$ unceas+ly1 & impell$ him irresi/ibly2 he _h a love ( tru? t 0 a passion1 a hatr$ ( inju/ice t burn$ volcanic fires4 ,he 0 a deeply sad man1 a bitt]ly1 cruelly suff]+ man1 & no "o c\ld tell :at new vision he w\ld =ge 9 ! heat ( 8 g5ius4 ,if ,i write ( him "h sev]ely x is because ,i believe 9 ! rigid tru?1 :i* he himself prea*$2 b ,i w\ld n leave anyone ) ! idea t ,i d n appreciate 8 greatness1 bo? z a writ] & a man4 ,!re 7 _m among 8 fri5ds & m9e :o gave him up4 ,he w5t to ,hawaii1 & ! 8sm>t set0 !re made a lion ( him1 & he condesc5d$ to ref] appreciatively to _! 8sweet little *>ities0 on behalf ( ! races !y 7 exploit+4 ,he w5t to ,mexico1 & fell "u ! spell ( ! effici5cy ( oil eng9e]s1 & wrote = 8,colli]'s ,weekly0 a s]ies ( articles :i* caus$ radicals to break out 9 rage4 ,jack 0 a boy to ! end1 & mu/ make new discov]ies & h new en?usiasms4 ,if a naval (fic] took him ov] a battle%ip1 he w\ld p]ceive t x 0 a m>vel\s & ?rill+ ma*9e2 b !n 9 ! quiet h\rs ( ! night he w\ld see ! pitiful :ite faces ( ! /ok]s1 to :om z a gue/ ( an (fic] he _h n be5 introduc$6 ,yes1 = he _h be5 9 ! place ( ^! /ok]s1 & _! feel+s _h be5 /amp$ ^u 8 s\l4 ,he might set up to be a c\ntry g5tleman1 & fall into a fury ) 8 8h&s0 = _! /upidity & incompet5ce2 b if y said to him1 8,h[ ab\t ! class w>80 in/antly he w\ld be !re ) 8 m9d4 8,yes1 ( c\rse1 ,i "k h[ !y feel2 if ,i 7 9 _! place ,i w\ld nev] d a /roke ( "w ,i did n h to40 ,x is a /ressful ?+ to h an imag9ation1 & to see _m sides ( life at once6 ,jack _h a div9e pity1 he _h wept ov] ! ,ea/ ,end ( ,london z ,jesus wept ov] ,j]usalem4 ,= ye>s aft]w>ds ! memories ( ?is /unt$ & debas$ population haunt$ him beyond all peace2 ! pictures he wrote ( !m 9 8,! ,p ( ! ,abyss0 w be read by po/]ity ) horror & incr$ulity1 & recogniz$ z among ! mo/ p[]ful products ( 8 p54 ,^?1 ) 8 vivid & int5sely felt ,sociali/ essays1 con/itute him "o ( ! great revolution>y figures ( our hi/ory4 ,i "k t he kept a sp>k ( t sacr$ fire burn+ to ! v end1 = a little ov] a ye> be=e 8 dea? ,i tri$ him ) ! bulky manuscript ( 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice40 ,! preface he wrote = x is "o ( ! f9e/ ?+s he ev] did1 & "s ( x w be c>v$ ^u 8 monum5t3 ,x is s simple a rem$y1 m]ely s]vice4 ,n "o ignoble ?\ght or act is dem&$ ( any "o ( all m5 & wom5 9 ! _w to make fair ! _w4 ,! call is = nobility ( ?9k+1 nobility ( do+4 ,! call is = s]vice1 & su* is ! :olesom5ess ( x1 he :o s]ves all be/ s]ves himself4 ,t is :at life _h taught him at ! end4 ,b x 0 n easy = him to le>n su* a lesson1 = he _h an imp]i\s nature1 fi]ce 9 its dem&s1 & nev] entirely to be tam$4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 individualism & ,socialism 0 go+ on 9 8 :ole be+ all ! "t4 ,9 ! copy ( 8,m>t9 ,ed50 :i* he s5t me he wrote3 8,"o ( my motifs 9 ?is book 0 an attack on individualism 79 ! p]son ( ! h]o74 ,i mu/ h bungl$ = s f> n a s+le review] has discov]$ x40 ,aft] read+ ! book ,i repli$ t x 0 easy to und]/& ! befuddlem5t ( ! critics2 = he _h %[n su* sympa?y ) 8 h>d-driv+ individuali/ h]o t x w\ld h>dly occur to anyone to take ! "* z a w>n+ & a reproa*4 ,y feel t same ?+ 9 all 8 books--9 8,! ,sea ,wolf10 & especially 9 8,! ,mut9y ( ! ,els9ore02 ! ,nietzs*ean _w-conqu]or has conqu]$ ,london's imag9ation1 9 spite ( 8 reason & 8 consci5ce4 ,if ,i h writt5 "h ) cruel frankness ab\t ! p]sonal trag$ies ( 8 life1 x is because ,i w\ld n h po/]ity cont9ue 9 ! misund]/&+ ( :i* he compla9$ 9 ! case ( 8,m>t9 ,ed540 ,no1 d n make t mi/ake ab\t 8 life & its mean+2 mo/ c]ta9ly x is n a glorification ( ! r$-blood$ sup]man1 trampl+ all ?+s "u 8 feet1 gratify+ 8 imp]i\s desires4 ,r is x a demon/ration ( ! fact t ! _w-conqu]+ sup]man1 trampl+ all ?+s "u 8 feet & gratify+ all 8 desires1 commits suicide by swall[+ laudanum at ! age ( =ty1 because pleasure & weal? & fame h turn$ to a%es on 8 lips4 ,jack's fri5ds say t ! cause 0 a desire = two wom5 at ! same "t2 b ,i don't believe t a mature1 intellectual man w kill himself = su* a reason1 unless 8 moral =ces h be5 sapp$ by ye>s ( self-indulg5ce4 ,x 0 ! 8,m>t9 ,ed50 end+1 :i* _h haunt$ ,jack ,london all 8 life1 & :i* 9 ! end he made a reality4 ,:at a %ame1 & :at a trag$y to our lit]ature1 t capitali/ ,am]ica1 ! philosophy ( individuali/ gre$ & selfi%ness1 %\ld h /ol5 away ! s\l ( ?is man1 ) all 8 supreme & priceless gifts6 ,he _h se5 s cle>ly our vision ( fell[%ip & social ju/ice--h[ cle>ly1 let him tell y 9 8 own words1 ! la/ words he wrote ^u e?ical matt]s3 ,he1 :o by und]/&+ becomes conv]t$ to ! gospel ( s]vice1 w s]ve tru? to confute li>s & make !m tru?-tell]s2 w s]ve k9dness s t brutality w p]i%2 w s]ve beauty to ! erasem5t ( all t is n beautiful4 ,& he :o is /rong w s]ve ! weak t !y may become /rong4 ,he w devote 8 /r5g? n to ! debasem5t & defilem5t ( 8 weak] fell[s1 b to ! mak+ ( opportunity = !m to make !mselves into m5 r ?an into slaves & bea/s4 ,^! words are f 8,! ,cry = ,ju/ice10 8?is humani/ ,holy ,book10 z ,london call$ x4 ,su* words1 & actions bas$ ^u !m1 make preci\s 8 memory1 & w pres]ve x z long z any?+ 9 ,am]ican lit]ature is pres]v$4 ,p]haps ! be/ ?+ ,i c add to ?is *apt] is a /atem5t ( :at ,i p]sonally ow$ to him--! utmo/ "o writ] c owe to ano!r4 ,:5 he 0 at ! height ( 8 fame1 & ,i 0 unkn[n1 ,i s5t him pro(s ( 8,! ,jungle10 expla9+ t ,i _h be5 unable to f9d a publi%]1 & wi%$ to raise money to publi% ! book myself4 ,!re are _m jeal\sies 9 ! lit]>y _w2 "s :o w9 its laurels by bitt] /ruggle are n eag] to raise up rivals4 ,b ,jack 0 n "o ( ^!2 he wrote a lett] ab\t ! book1 hail+ x z 8,! #8,uncle ,tom's ,cab9' ( ,wage ,slav]y10 & rally+ ! ,sociali/ movem5t z by a bugle-call to its support4 ,if t book w5t all ov] ! _w1 x 0 ,jack ,london's pu% t />t$ x2 & ,i am only "o ( a score ( au?ors :o might tell ! same /ory ( g5]\s & eag] support4 ,,*apt] ,,cix ,,! ,,/eal?y ,,nemesis ,:ile ,i am writ+ ?is book dea? sw+s 8 scy!1 & two m arti/s ent] ! gho/ly m>a?on ( ,fame4 ,! fir/ ( !m is ,joseph ,conrad4 ,away back 9 my e>ly days someone s5t me f ,engl& a copy ( 8 fir/ novel1 8,almay]'s ,folly10 & aft] t ,i kept wat*1 & manag$ someh[ to get hold ( 8,he>t ( ,d>kness0 & 8,"l ,jim0 & 8,y\?40 ,i us$ to rave ab\t ^! books to ev]yone ,i knew2 b :5 at la/ ,conrad became fam\s ,i _h a secret res5tm5t--he _h be5 m9e = s long t ,i did n l to give him up to ^? :o did n und]/& him6 ,9 8 lat] writ+s he det]iorat$1 z _m old m5 d1 & ,i saw ! critics giv+ to ^! inf]ior books ! praise :i* belong$ to ! e>li] ones4 ,conrad's dea? has be5 ! occasion = mu* discussion ( ! 8romanticism0 ( 8 novels4 ,! fact is t he 0 z reali/ic z he knew h[ to be4 ,! reason he seems 8romantic0 is because ! sc5es & *>act]s ( 8 /ories are remote & /range to u4 ,b !y 7 n at all /range to ,conrad2 he _h sail$ ^! ,ea/]n seas & met ^! p1 & _! tragic fates 7 z commonplace to him z /reet-c> traffic to u4 ,"o o!r ?+ ! obitu>y reviews agree ^u--t he 0 ! p]fect type ( ! 8pure0 arti/1 :o gave u immortal fiction )\t trace ( purpose4 ,& t ,i call a joke = ! ages3 ,joseph ,conrad be+ z grim & det]m9$ a propag&i/ z ev] us$ fiction = a m$ium4 ,mo/ ( ! "t he c>ries on ?is propag&a ) ! ,olympian calm ( "o :o is sure ( 8 !sis & fe>s no dispute4 ,b n[ & !n he /umbles ^u "s p]sonality or po9t ( view :i* seems to ?reat5 8 doctr9e2 & !n sudd5ly ! front ( ,jove becomes wr9kl$1 & ! eyes ( ,jove %oot flames1 & we discov] ! great ,olympian 9 a v5om\s fury4 ,! /range/ fact ab\t ?is ma/] ( ,engli% prose is t he 0 born 9 ,pol&1 & began life z a sailor1 %ipp+ on ,fr5* craft 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,he 0 born 9 #aheg & came to ,engl& at ! age ( tw5ty-"o2 he rose 9 ! ,briti% m]*ant s]vice to become a capta91 & 0 ne>ly =ty be=e 8 fir/ novel 0 publi%$4 ,?is man paces ! qu>t]-deck ?r\gh ! long night wat*es 9 lonely sil5t seas4 ,he reflects ^u life1 & comes to a conclusion ab\t x4 ,b x is n ! conclusion (ficially recomm5d$ by 8 native c\ntrym52 ?is m]*ant capta9 does n pray to ! ,virg9 ,m>y = ! safety ( 8 %ip & ! s\ls ( ^? on bo>d2 nei!r does he accept ! (ficial =mula ( 8 adopt$ c\ntry1 9 ^: *ur*es ! congregations implore3 ,et]nal ,fa!r1 /rong to save1 ,^: arm ha? b\nd ! re/less wave1 ,:o bidd'/ ! mighty ocean deep ,its own appo9t$ limits keep3 ,o he> u :5 we cry to ,!e ,= ^? 9 p]il on ! sea4 ,no1 9 ! fiction ( ,joseph ,conrad ! gods1 bo? male & female1 h %rivel$ up & crumbl$ & bl[n away z du/1 & ov] ! univ]se !re broods a d>k inscrutable fate4 ,conrad himself puts x into words3 8a /eal?y ,nemesis lies 9 wait40 ,y see1 he uses ! classic symbol1 & unites 9 "o bl5d+ ! t]ror ( f\r diff]5t races--,greek1 ,poli%1 ,engli% & ,malay4 ,?is 8/eal?y ,nemesis0 is ! enemy ( m51 & !y fight aga9/ x1 & almo/ inv>iably x ov]comes !m & de/roys !m1 ! good & g5]\s & capable z well z ! c[>dly & weak4 ,su* is ! fact ( man's life2 & ! "q !n becomes3 :at %all man d8 ,! fir/ ?+1 obvi\sly1 is = him to und]/&2 & s ! great ma/] toils incessantly & ) religi\s ardor to embody 8 philosophic !ory 9 human types & exp]i5ces4 ,d n let anyone lead y a/ray on ?is po9t3 ^! dignifi$ & noble art-works are 8!sis novels10 compos$ = a didactic purpose1 9 exactly ! same way z ! ,sunday s*ool tales ab\t little ,bobbie :o fell into ! creek because he disobey$ 8 "m & w5t fi%+ on ! ,"l's day4 ,great moral lessons d n get embodi$ 9 art-works by accid5t1 any m ?an ! :eels ( a wat* get put toge!r by accid5t2 s1 :ile y absorb ! elaborately contriv$ pessimism ( ,joseph ,conrad1 y mu/ "k t y are att5d+ an ,agno/ic ,sunday s*ool4 ,m5 h n m]ely to und]/&1 b to act2 !re=e ! pupils ( ?is s*ool are taught a moral code4 ,!y mu/ /& toge!r aga9/ ! /eal?y ,nemesis :i* seeks to de/roy !m2 & _! rules ( behavior mu/ be s deeply grav5 9 _! s\ls t ! reaction w be in/9ctive--= y nev] "k at :at mom5t ! /eal?y ,nemesis w /rike at y1 9 ! =m ( fire at sea1 or /orm1 or collision1 or subm]g$ reefs1 or savages1 or ! sl[1 insidi\s action ( physical or moral disease4 ,:at is ?is code8 ,! answ] is1 ! code ( ! ,briti% m]*ant s]vice4 ,its prim>y purpose is ! protection ( ! %ip1 a valuable piece ( prop]ty4 ,s1 9 place ( an imag9>y ,god 9 a speculative heav51 we h a vaguely sugge/$ ,own] on ! %ore4 ,?is ,own] is ! =ce :i* creates ! %ipp+ indu/ry & keeps x go+2 ,he is ! goal ( loyalty = (fic]s & crew4 ,agno/icism ^u clos] /udy turns out to be ,capitalism4 ,! %ip has = ages be5 ! s\rce ( a natural & spontane\s autocracy1 begott5 ( ! con/ant ?reat ( dang]2 h5ce x comes t ! naval (fic] is ! mo/ complete & in/9ctive snob 9 ! _w1 & ! m]*ant (fic] ! p]fect task-ma/]4 ,& :5 ! self-made1 ris5-f-!-ranks m]*ant (fic] comes on %ore1 & has to deal ) %ore que/ions1 we are n surpris$ to f9d him a he>ty & boi/]\s ,tory4 ,9 8,*ance0 we meet--b assur$ly n by *ance6--a fem9i/ woman1 & le>n :at ,conrad ?9ks ( ?is species2 he impresses u z a fum+ old ,briti% clubman1 :o w\ld l to get ! heads ( all ?9k+ wom5 ^u "o neck--& !n wr+ ! neck6 ,9 ! same way1 9 8,"u ,we/]n ,eyes0 we get ,conrad's view ( politics2 9 a book writt5 9 ! days ( ! ,ts>dom1 we le>n t a ,sib]ian refugee :o devotes 8 life to ! ov]?r[ ( ?is hide\s tyranny is an odi\s & unspeakable creature1 & t a woman ( means :o helps him is a gawk & a bundle ( sc&als4 ,x is a picture ( social revolutioni/s ( a sort y may pick up at any tea-table :]e ! wives ( legation atta*s %rug _! delicate :ite %\ld]s & prattle snobbi% wit4 ,publi%$ 9 #aiaa1 ?is book is a prophecy ( ! ,:ite ,t]ror1 t comb9ation ( holy knav]y & romantic reaction :i* has made ,pol& ! curse ( ,europe4 ,b ! prop] place to /udy ,conrad is at sea4 ,& we f9d t1 j z ,m]$i? takes ! ,briti% ca/e sy/em to be ,god1 j z ,o4 ,h5ry takes ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company to be ,god1 s ,conrad takes ! capitali/ own]%ip & control ( m>9e transportation4 ,analyz+ ! /ories 9 ! light ( economic sci5ce1 we f9d ! /eal?y ,nemesis reveal$ z organiz$ gre$ exploit+ unorganiz$ ignorance4 ,take t mo/ fasc9at+ ( sea tales1 "o ( ! great imag9ative feats ( lit]ature3 take 8,y\?40 ,a "y man puts out to sea 9 an old tub ( a vessel1 & ! old tub goes to pieces b5ea? 8 feet4 ,"o aft] ano!r comes a procession ( calamities2 b he is "y1 & :at does he c>e = tr\bles & dang]s8 ,! %ip goes d[n 9 ! end1 b x is all a glory & a ?rill to ,y\?1 :i* laughs at ! /eal?y ,nemesis & lives to tackle x aga94 ,:5 we are "y we read ?is1 & our he>ts are lift$ up1 & we "k ourselves to be gods4 ,b ) matur+ ye>s & und]/&+1 we come back to x1 & :at d we f9d8 ,! cruel p[] :i* we took to be ,nature1 ! p]ils ( ! deep1 turns out to be no?+ m romantic ?an ! practice ( m>9e insurance6 ,if y own a %ip & x becomes old & unseawor?y1 y w\ld 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts n tru/ a valuable c>go & a score ( human lives to t %ip4 ,b f9d+ t y c insure bo? %ip & c>go1 & get m money by s9k+ h] ?an by sell+ h] = junk1 y cont9ue to s5d h] out until %e falls to pieces2 & ,y\?1 delib]ately kept 9 ignorance by capitali/ control ( s*ools & colleges1 ?9ks x glory & wond] to sail out & fight a los+ battle ) 8,nature40 ,!re is a /ory conc]n+ ,joseph ,conrad1 t :5 he became ma/] ( a %ip1 he conceiv$ a desire to br+ h] home ?r\gh ! ,torres ,/raits1 :i* are especially dang]\s wat]s4 ,he _h ! fanta/ic idea t he want$ to sail 9 !m1 because he _h read /ories ab\t !m4 ,! own]s p]mitt$ him to h 8 way1 & ! critics & review]s are ?rill$ by ?is sign ( 8romance0 9 %ip own]s4 ,critics & review]s1 y see1 are sweet & innoc5t s\ls2 only an evil-m9d$ 8muck-rake man0 w\ld make inquiries z to ! age ( t %ip & ! am\nt ( insurance %e c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ,torres ,/raits6 ,! capitali/ %ipp+ indu/ry is full ( facts ( ?is sort4 ,take1 = example1 ! 8,plimsoll l9e40 ,!re 0 an ,engli% work+man :o became a ri* manufactur]1 & did n =get 8 class1 b devot$ 8 life to try+ to save ! seam5 & (fic]s :o 7 s5t out 9 ^! 8c(f9 %ips40 ,he 0 elect$ to ,p>liam5t1 & br\ght 9 a bill provid+ t %ips %\ld n be load$ beyond a c]ta9 l9e--! 8,plimsoll l9e10 x 0 call$4 ,:5 8 fell[-memb]s vot$ x d[n1 he %ook 8 fi/ at !m & call$ !m 8villa9s40 ,( c\rse !y 7 %ock$1 & want$ to expel him1 b !y didn't q d>e2 !y gave him t5 days to ?9k x ov]1 & !n he apologiz$1 & !y pass$ 8 bill--a mo/ admirable =m ( compromise = a re=m]6 ,= a g5]ation aft] ?is1 z cold /ati/ics %[$1 "s ?\s&s ( ,briti% seam5 & (fic]s escap$ all ! cruelties ( ,nature1 ! /eal?y ,nemesis ( ,joseph ,conrad4 ,= ye>s ?is 8,plimsoll l9e0 s]v$ ^! ?\s&s ( seam5 & (fic]s 9 place ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ! ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,g5tle ,jesus meek & mild1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,"m ( ,god1 & likewise all ! ,sa9ts 9 ! cal5d>1 ! glori\s company ( ! ,apo/les1 ! goodly fell[%ip ( ! ,prophets1 ! noble ,army ( ,m>tyrs1 ! heav5ly *oir ( ,angels & ,ar*angels1 ! ,*]ubim & ,s]aphim1 & ! ,holy ,*ur* ?r\gh\t all ! _w4 ,b ?is div9e sup]vision co/ ,briti% %ipp+ own]s a c]ta9 numb] ( millions ( p\nds ( pr(it e ye>1 & s !y paid ! campaign funds ( _! ,tory & ,lib]al p>ties & got _! h5*man1 ,david ,lloyd-,george1 9 au?ority & repeal$ t law2 s n[ ^? ?\s&s ( seam5 & (fic]s are once m fall+ victims to ! /eal?y ,nemesis6 ,& ,joseph ,conrad--:at has he to say ab\t ?is8 ,z a man ( ! sea1 he kn[s ! facts2 & 9 8,! ,nigg] ( ! ,n>cissus10 t mo/ cruel-s\l$ book1 he takes occasion to p\r 8 je]+ scorn ^u ^? :o try to save ! lives ( seam54 ,y h to read ! actual text to get ! full effect ( 8 v5om4 ,a seaman is talk+3 8,i m9d ,i once se$ 9 ,c>diff ! crew ( an ov]load$ %ip--lea/ways %e w]5't ov]load$1 only a fa!rly old g5tleman ) a :ite be>d & an umbrell] came along ! quay & talk$ to ! h&s4 ,said z h[ x 0 crool h>d to be dr[nd$ 9 w9t] j = ! sake ( a few p\nds m = ! own]--he said4 ,ne>ly cri$ ov] !m--he did2 & he _h a squ>e ma9sail coat1 & a gaff-topsail hat too--all prop]4 ,s !y *aps1 !y said !y w\ldn't g to be dr[nd$ 9 w9t]--dep5d+ ^u t 'ere ,plimsoll man to see 'em ?r\gh ! c\rt4 ,!y ?\ght to h a bloom9' l>k & two or ?ree days' spree4 ,& ! beak giv' 'em six weeks--coss ! %ip w>n't ov]load$4 ,anyways !y made x out 9 c\rt t %e wasn't4 ,!re wasn't "o ov]load$ %ip 9 ,p5>? ,dock at all4 #8,pe>s t old coon he 0 only on pay & all[ance = "s k9d p1 "u ord]s to look = ov]load$ %ips1 & he c\ldn't see no fur!r ?an ! l5g? ( 8 umbrell]4 ,"s ( u 9 ! bo>d+-h\se1 :]e ,i live :5 ,i'm look+ = a %ip 9 ,c>diff1 /ood by to duck t old weep+ spung] 9 ! dock4 ,we kept a good look out1 too--b he topp$ 8 boom directly he 0 outside ! c\rt4444 ,yes4 ,!y got six weeks' h>d44440 ,! coa/ ( ,cali=nia1 ne> :i* ,i live1 is a favor$ lurk+ place ( ! /eal?y ,nemesis4 ,! entire coa/ is a l9e ( jagg$ rocks1 ) v few h>bors1 & vessels cont9ually /rike ^u ! rocks & are p\nd$ to pieces4 ,sometimes !y are great pass5g] /eam]s1 & hundr$s ( p are 9 dang] & h to be tak5 (f on tugs2 ! newspap]s give u h\rly bullet9s ( :at is happ5+1 & _! correspond5ts p]=m prodigies ( d>+ & spe$ to get u photographs ( ! disa/] 9 ! fir/ editions4 ,! public reads ( ^! trag$ies1 & is aw$ by ! spectacle ( man /ruggl+ 9 va9 aga9/ ! /eal?y ,nemesis4 ,:at is ! fact ab\t ?is matt]8 ,x is v simple3 ! ,nemesis "h consi/s ( ! fact t ! ,pacific ,coa/ f ,seattle to ,san ,diego makes a convex curve2 s %ips ( all sorts1 ! great lumb] s*oon]s1 ! little salmon /eam]s1 ! great pass5g] l9]s1 h to g a few miles f>!r out to sea 9 ord] to be safe4 ,b t additional di/ance at sea means s _m million doll>s a ye> out ( ! pockets ( ! own]s4 ,x means n m]ely t m fuel has to be burn$1 x means t m ( ! %ip's "t has to be tak51 & m wages paid to (fic]s & crew2 9 ! case ( ! great l9]s x means t sev]al hundr$ pass5g]s h to be f$ an additional meal6 ,s naturally ! own]s1 be+ fully cov]$ by insurance1 are clamor\s 9 _! dem&s1 & ! %ip's (fic]s are b5d+ all _! en]gies to save e y>d ( di/ance & e second ( "t4 ,always & ev]y:]e up & d[n ! coa/ !y are glid+ pa/ ! rocky po9ts1 & 9 ! d>kness & fogs & /orms !y risk an in* too mu*4 ,to me ?is seems an em95tly 8romantic0 situation2 ,i c imag9e a great imag9ative arti/ re>+ x into a trem5d\s symbol ( human guilt4 ,b ?is arti/ w\ld make ! discov]y t ! pr9cipal magaz9es on ! ,pacific ,coa/ are publi%$ by ! railroad companies :i* own & op]ate ! /eam%ip l9es6 ,e h\r ! progress ( sci5ce increases man's control ov] nature1 & !re=e ! safety ( travel at sea4 ,if x 7 n = private own]%ip & ! bl9d race = pr(its1 ^! dang]s w\ld be l>gely a memory1 & ! /eal?y ,nemesis ( ,conrad1 l ! gods ( ! ,poli% ,ca?olic & ! ,anglican ,prote/ant *ur*es1 w\ld %rivel up & crumble & bl[ away z du/4 ,w\ld ,conrad l t8 ,or w\ld he feel ! irritation ( an old man :o has /ak$ 8 reputation ^u a bad guess8 ,he gives y ! answ] 9 8,! ,nigg] ( ! ,n>cissus10 a :ole novel writt5 to satirize ! altrui/ic impulse1 & expose x z a de/roy] ( discipl9e & "*4 ,he assigns ! role ( 8agitator0 at sea to an odi\s little ,cockney rat2 & :5 ?is creature has got ! poor crew /irr$ up to mut9y1 :at sport ,conrad has ) !m6 ,su* l(ty s>casm3 ,our little _w w5t on its curv$ & unsw]v+ pa? c>ry+ a discont5t$ & aspir+ population4 ,!y f\nd com=t ( a gloomy k9d 9 an int]m9able & consci5ti\s analysis ( _! unappreciat$ wor?2 & inspir$ by ,donk9's hopeful doctr9es !y dream$ en?usia/ically ( ! "t :5 e lonely %ip w\ld travel ov] a s]5e sea1 mann$ by a weal?y & well-f$ crew ( satisfi$ skipp]s4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,mat!w ,arnold ,i m5tion$ ,paul ,elm] ,m z a critic :o has bas$ 8 reputation ^u ! !sis ( man's helplessness 9 ! pres5ce ( ! univ]se2 ,i expla9$ ,mat!w ,arnold z a poet :o f9ds 8 ideal bo? moral & poetical 9 a dignifi$ & m\rnful resignation to ! evils ( life4 ,& "h is ano!r ( ^! ,great ,m\rn]s1 a zealot ( ,pessimism4 ,woe to y1 if 9 8 ,agno/ic ,sunday s*ool y v5ture to brea! a hope = mank9d6 ,woe to y if y commit ! supreme (f5se ( art1 ! sugge/+ ( a happy end+ = a novel6 ,woe to y1 beyond all l&-woes2 = n[ y are 9 ,neptune's empire1 & !re is no ,bill ( ,rights1 no fre$om ( spee*1 press or assemblage2 he :o murmurs an optimi/ic ?\ght he>s ! dread ^w ,mut9y--& ! 8beak0 gives him 8six mon?s h>d60 ,,*apt] ,,cx ,,! ,,rebel ,,immortal ,h5ry ,james rem>ks some:]e t an ,am]ican has to /udy = fifty ye>s ( 8 life 9 ord] to atta91 culturally speak+1 ! po9t f :i* a ,european />ts at bir?4 ,j :at does he mean by ?is unpatriotic utt]ance8 ,i am rem9d$ ( x :5 ,i ?9k ( ,anatole ,france1 & recall 8 *>act]i/ic say+s4 ,consid] ! foll[+3 ',tis a great infirmity to ?9k4 ,god pres]ve y f x1 my son1 z ,he has pres]v$ ,8 greate/ sa9ts1 & ! s\ls :om ,he loves ) especial t5d]ness & de/9es to et]nal felicity4 ,n[ x is possible to conceive ( a ,ca?olic bi%op or a ,me?odi/ mission>y or a ,kleagle ( ! ,ku ,klux ,klan :o might be too /upid to und]/& t rem>k2 b x is difficult to conceive h[1 und]/&+ x1 he c\ld )hold ! tribute ( a smile4 ,into ?is rem>k a great ma/] ( words has di/ill$ ! ess5ce ( a civilization1 ! preci\s flavor ( c5turies ( culture4 ,!re are only ?irty-f\r words 9 x1 & yet y c af=d to m$itate ^u x = a long "t4 ,! writ] ( su* a p>agraph possesses a m9d emancipat$ f ! %ams & delusions ( ! ages2 he is skeptical1 reali/ic1 & z witty z x is possible = a man to be2 yet also he is urbane--he does n seize y by ! %\ld]s & %ake y1 = he has le>n$ t !re are all k9ds ( /range p 9 ! _w1 & he asks m]ely t y cons5t to smile ) him4 ,h[ is su* a man br\ght into exi/5ce8 ,8 fa!r 0 a book-sell]1 & s he brea!d culture 9 8 *ildhood2 he read ev]y?+ f e "p ( ! _w1 especially ?+s writt5 by m5 long s9ce dead2 ?+s full ( t beauty m+l$ ) sadness :i* is "o ( ! gifts ( "t4 ,anatole ,france le>n$ to be at home 9 /range cultures1 & at ! same "t he /udi$ ! ma/]s ( 8 own c\ntry1 ^: specialties are precision & lucidity & *>m ( phrase4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-sev5 he publi%$ a /ory1 8,! ,crime ( ,sylve/re ,bonn>d10 a s5tim5tal pretty tale ab\t an eld]ly1 k9d-he>t$ ,fr5* antiqu>ian1 :o rescues a little girl f cruel mi/reatm5t1 & !n discov]s t "u ! ,fr5* law he is guilty ( abduction4 ,x might h be5 writt5 by any ( our magaz9e writ]s ( ! *e]-up1 ,god's-9-,8-,heav5 s*ool--provid$ only t ^! writ]s _h possess$ a ?\s& ye>s ( culture4 ,x 0 j :at ! ,academy ( ,ri*elieu lov$1 & !y cr[n$ x4 ,! "y writ] 0 tak5 up by an exquisite ,fr5* lady1 :o became 8 mi/ress1 & set up a salon = him1 & help$ him to meet all ! editors & critics--:i* is h[ y make fame & =tune 9 ,p>is1 & sometimes 9 ,am]ica1 ,i am told4 ,?is ,fr5*man 0 clev] & witty1 s5sual1 cynical1 b n too mu* s = 8 elegant free-?9k+ tradition4 ,he wrote o!r novels & a great quantity ( miscellane\s writ+s1 & 9 #ahif1 at ! age ( fifty-two1 8 labors 7 rew>d$ by ! great ,fr5* honor1 he became "o ( ,ri*elieu's =ty ,immortals4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts !re 0 no?+ m = him to d1 save to s9k back 9 8 com=table arm-*air & li/5 to ! plaudits ( ,p>is4 ,b a /range & al>m+ ?+ happ5$4 ,! /ruggle ov] ! ,dreyfus case arose1 & ,anatole ,france leap$ into ! ar5a1 jo9+ ,zola1 :om he _h previ\sly d5\nc$ z a bea/ly writ]4 ,"h 0 some?+ absolutely )\t prec$5t--t an ,academician %\ld turn into a ,sociali/1 & take to att5d+ meet+s ( work+m51 & address+ to !m rem>ks unfit to be quot$ 9 respectable newspap]s4 ,worse ev5 yet1 he1 ! pride & glory ( art-=-art's-sake culture1 took to putt+ radical propag&a into novels6 ,!y _h let him 9 among ! ,immortals1 & !re 0 no way to get him out2 s "h 0 "o ( ! pill>s ( lit]>y au?ority1 portray+ 8 c\ntry z an isl& ( p5gu9s1 & ! pill>s ( 8 *ur* & /ate z grotesque1 w+less birds1 dress+ !mselves 9 frock-coats & silk hats & hopp+ ab\t ^u obsc5e err&s4 ,h a glimpse ( !m3 8,d y see1 my son10 he exclaim$1 8t madman :o ) 8 tee? is bit+ ! nose ( ! adv]s>y he has ov]?r[n1 & t o!r "o :o is p\nd+ a woman's head ) a huge /one80 8,i see !m10 said ,bullo*4 8,!y are creat+ law2 !y are f\nd+ prop]ty2 !y are e/abli%+ ! pr9ciples ( civilization1 ! basis ( society1 ! f\ndations ( ! ,/ate40 8,h[ is t80 ask$ old ,mal4 8,by sett+ b\nds to _! fields4 ,t is ! orig9 ( all gov]nm5t4 ,y\r p5gu9s1 ,o ,ma/]1 are p]=m+ ! mo/ augu/ ( functions4 ,?r\gh\t ! ages _! "w w be consecrat$ by lawy]s1 & magi/rates w confirm x40 8,p5gu9 ,isl&0 0 publi%$ 9 #aijh2 & !n came ! w>1 & ?is eld]ly antiqu>ian--he 0 sev5ty !n--came =w>d & enli/$ to fight = 8 c\ntry4 ,b t did n mean1 z ) _m o!rs ( less] judgm5t1 t he gave up 8 hopes = ! work+ class1 & surr5d]$ to ! propag&a ( capitali/ nationalism4 ,we f9d him at ! age ( sev5ty-five1 c>ry+ a r$ flag 9 a procession ( ,fr5* radicals1 prote/+ aga9/ ! acquittal ( ! assass9 ( ,jaurs4 ,we f9d him ready to break an engagem5t to a lit]>y banquet 9 ord] to address a work+-class meet+ 9 prote/ aga9/ capitali/ *ur* & /ate4 ,he1 ! greate/ ( all ! ,immortals1 sets himself aga9/ ! o!r ?irty-n9e2 he1 ! old man1 sets himself aga9/ ! cultur$ y\? ( 8 c\ntry1 :o h ab&on$ !mselves to a mixture ( ,ca?olic my/icism ) homosexuality1 ( ,dadai/ imbecility ) a?leticism hav+ = its goal ! turn+ ( ma*9e-guns ^u ! work]s4 ,! books ( ,anatole ,france af=d a curi\s /udy ( /ruggle betwe5 ! old pessimi/ic1 cynical culture ( capitalism & ! new creative culture ( ! awak5+ prolet>iat4 ,^! cultures are absolutely irreconcilable1 b ,anatole ,france believ$ 9 bo?4 ,he 0 a social revolutioni/ ) 8 consci\s m9d & judgm5t1 :ile he rema9$ a fatali/ & a sc(f] ) 8 h]$it>y culture1 t anci5t accumulation ( despair & t]ror :i* he _h brea!d 9 ) ! du/ 9 8 fa!r's old book-%op4 ,s he writes 8,! ,gods ,are ,a?ir/10 9 :i* he portrays mank9d z giv5 up to endless mis]y & de/ruction2 or 8,! ,revolt ( ! ,angels10 9 :i* aga9 ! heav5s are dr[n$ 9 blood & !re is no hope4 ,aft] :i* he issues a manife/o uphold+ ,russia1 or call+ ^u ! work]s to rally to ! ,?ird ,int]national4 ,he goes be=e a conv5tion ( ! organiz$ tea*]s ( ,france1 & deliv]s to !m an address ( su* magnific5t eloqu5ce z to move ! assemblage to te>s4 ,i h quot$ f ?is address 9 8,! ,gosl+s02 ,i repeat "o p>agraph--because x is ! duty ( a writ] to spread ^! words on e possible occasion1 to br+ to ! great ma/] ! help ^u :i* he relies3 ,reason1 wisdom1 intellig5ce1 =ces ( ! m9d & he>t1 :om ,i h always dev\tly invok$1 come to me1 aid me1 su/a9 my feeble voice2 c>ry x1 if t may be1 to all ! peoples ( ! _w1 & diffuse x ev]y:]e :]e !re are m5 ( good w to he> ! b5efic5t tru?6 ,a new ord] ( ?+s is born4 ,! p[]s ( evil die1 poison$ by _! crime4 ,! gre$y & ! cruel1 ! dev\r]s ( peoples1 are bur/+ ) an indige/ion ( blood4 ,h[ev] sorely /rick5 by ! s9s ( _! bl9d or corrupt ma/]s1 mutilat$1 decimat$1 ! prolet>ians rema9 erect2 !y w unite to =m "o univ]sal prolet>iat1 & we %all see fulfill$ ! great ,sociali/ prophecy3 8,! union ( ! work]s w be ! peace ( ! _w40 ,x 0 int]e/+ to note1 9 ! obitu>ies :i* ! dea? ( ,anatole ,france br\ght =?1 h[ almo/ univ]sally ?is aspect ( 8 life 0 gloss$ ov]4 ,our lit]>y reviews told all ab\t him z a ma/] ( ,fr5* prose1 a supreme ironi/ 9 ! tradition ( ,rabelais1 ,voltaire1 & ,r5an4 ,b !y left x = ! radical pap]s to celebrate ,anatole ,france1 ! crusad]1 ! c>ri] ( ! r$ flag4 ,i am urg$ to believe t our lit]>y ,tories are hone/1 b all ?is moves me to wond]4 ,i ask !m1 once = all1 :at is x !y want8 ,:at pro( w cont5t our cultural /&-patt]s8 ,"h is _! cr[n$ favorite1 _! rev]$ ma/]1 ! man :o 0 z witty z x is possible = a human be+ to be2 & he sets out to prove to !m t x is j z easy to be witty 9 ! s]vice ( ,ju/ice z 9 ! s]vice ( ,mammon4 ,i ask y1 g5tlem5 ( lett]s1 d y "k h[ a s5t5ce c be witti] ?an ?is3 8,! law 9 its maje/ic equality =bids ! ri* z well z ! poor to sleep "u bridges1 to beg 9 ! /reets1 & to /eal bread40 ,,*apt] ,,cxi ,a ,,text-,,book ,,= ,,russia ,mrs4 ,ogi has be5 sil5t = "s "t2 sav+ h] en]gies 9 anticipation ( t greate/ satisfaction kn[n to wives4 ,n[ %e takes x4 8,i told y s60 8,:at did y tell me80 asks ,ogi1 uneasily4 8,y h fill$ up a book1 & hav5't got 9 a ^w ab\t ,gloria ,swanson's sal>y1 nor :at ,rup]t ,hughes really got = #8,! ,s9s ( ,hollywood'60 8,x's ?is way10 says h] husb&4 8,i f\nd ,i _h s mu* mat]ial t ,i'd h to make two volumes1 "o deal+ ) ! arti/s ( ! pa/1 & ! o!r ) liv+ arti/s40 8,i rememb]1 eight ye>s ago10 says ,mrs4 ,ogi1 8y />t$ out to write a criticism ( ! _w's culture 9 "o volume2 & pres5tly y came to me look+ worri$1 & said y _h s mu* ab\t ,religion x w\ld ne$ a volume to itself4 ,s y took a hundr$ ?\s& words = ,religion4 ,& :5 y />t$ aft] ,j\rnalism1 & took a hundr$ ?\s& words to tell ! /ory ( y\r own life1 & ano!r hundr$ ?\s& to tell ab\t ! newspap]s4 ,& !n ,education2 y came aga9 & said y _h s mu* ab\t ! colleges1 y'd h to give a :ole volume to !m4 ,y took two hundr$ & five ?\s& words = ! colleges1 & !n a hundr$ & n9ety-five ?\s& = ! s*ools60 ,z ,ogi has no answ] to ?is indictm5t1 %e cont9ues3 8,j :at d y ?9k y've writt5 n[80 8,i've writt5 a text-book ( culture40 8,= ! s*ools80--v s>ca/ically4 8,x w be s]v+ z a text-book 9 ! high s*ools ( ,russia )9 six mon?s40 8,9 ,russia1 yes--0 8,9 e c\ntry 9 ,europe1 z soon z ! social revolution comes4 ,! work]s1 tak+ p[]1 br+ a new psy*ology & a new e?ics2 naturally !y h to h a new art1 & new art /&>ds40 8,!y may want to write _! own text-books10 sugge/s ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,no d\bt !y w--& bett] ?an m9e4 ,b s f> no "o has done x--& !y w h to use su* weapons z !y f9d ready40 ,mrs4 ,ogi is "o ( ^? :o obs]ve ! ph5om5a ( religion ) a m+l+ ( fe> & long+4 ,x w\ld be wond]ful to believe l t6 8,( c\rse10 %e says1 8if y\r side has its way--0 8,t is h[ hi/ory is made10 says ,ogi4 8,once ^u a "t a weal?y ,virg9ia plant]1 ) o!r weal?y g5tlem5 f ,p5nsylvania & ,massa*usetts1 rose up & decl>$ rebellion aga9/ 8 k+4 ,a w> 0 f\ght1 & ! rebel plant] won2 !re=e he is kn[n z ! ,fa!r ( ,8 ,c\ntry1 & all little boys 9 s*ool le>n h[ he c\ld n tell a lie4 ,if he _h lo/ 8 w> aga9/ 8 k+1 he w\ld h be5 a vile & traitor\s v>let1 & e little boy 9 s*ool w\ld h le>n$ by he>t a long li/ ( ! lies he _h told4 ,& j s x is ) writ]s :o take up ! cause ( ! dispossess$ & dis9h]it$4 ,if ! prolet>iat w9s 9 its w> aga9/ capitalism1 ^! outca/ writ]s w become lead+ m5 ( lett]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! prolet>iat loses1 !y w rema9 #8propag&i/s1' & #8tub-?ump]s1' & #8buzz>ds1' & #8muckrak]s'--y recognize ^? t]ms40 ,yes1 ,mrs4 ,ogi admits t %e recognizes !m2 & he cont9ues3 8,i h giv5 ! work]s an hone/ book1 a s\nd book1 f ! po9t ( view ( _! hopes & ne$s4 ,i say to !m3 ,:y %\ld y read ! books ( y\r enemies1 ^? :o make _! glory & _! greatness out ( y\r mis]y & humiliation8 ,:y %\ld y walk into ! traps t are set = y8 ,life is v cruel1 b assur$ly ?is is ! mo/ cruel ?+ 9 y\r fate--t y %\ld admire ^? actions :i* cru% y1 ^? ta/es :i* spurn y1 ^? /&>ds :i* h z _! beg9n+ & end y\r enslavem5t & degradation40 8,none b work]s are to see ?is book80 asks ,mrs4 ,ogi4 8,i use ! ^w 9 its revolution>y s5se1 ! /rict sci5tific s5se ( ^? :o d ! useful & necess>y labor1 :e!r ( h& or bra94 ,i am plead+ especially ) ! "y bra9-work]s1 ! intellectuals4 ,= ! h&-work] is a slave by compulsion1 b ! "y ?9k]1 ! /ud5t1 has ! anci5t *oice ( ,h]cules1 betwe5 virtue & vice4 ,he may sell himself to ! exploit]s1 he may take ! dress-suit bribe1 ! motor-c>s & ! #8hoo*' p>ties1 & ! beautiful1 s(t-sk9n$1 h>d-s\l$ wom52 or he may he$ my plea1 & /eel 8 s\l1 & g back to ! g>ret :i* is ! cradle ( ! arts1 back to ! anci5t & honorable occupation ( cultivat+ lit]ature ^u a little oatmeal4 8,to ?is "y intellectual1 hesitat+ at ! p>t+ ( ways1 ,i say3 ,comrade1 ?is _w ( organiz$ gambl+ & pr$ation 9 :i* we live seems p[]ful & p]man5t1 b x is an evil dream ( b a few m ye>s2 ! se$s ( its own de/ruction are spr\t+ 9 its he>t4 ,i am n ref]r+ to its moral failure1 ! fact t x ?w>ts ! mo/ fundam5tal ( human crav+s1 = ju/ice & = fre$om2 ,i mean 9 ! b>e mat]ial s5se--x fails to employ its own work]s1 x makes mis]y out ( its own pl5ty1 & w> & de/ruction ( its ab\nd+ prosp]ity4 ,x is z c]ta9 to fall z a pyramid /&+ on its tip2 & :5 x falls1 :at is left b ! work]s8 ,:at o!r =ce is !re1 hav+ solid>ity1 ! s5se ( bro!rhood1 ! ideal ( s]vice1 ( useful labor1 z aga9/ ! buy+ & sell+ & exploit+1 ! robb+1 kill+ & enslav+ :i* is capitalism8 8,?is great new =ce is %ap+ itself 9 our _w1 prep>+ = ! mak+ ( ! future4 ,& %all ?is new life n h an art8 ,%all m5 n ?rill to ?is vision1 & r\se o!rs to make x real8 ,"h lies y\r task1 "y comrade2 "h is y\r future--& n ! timid s]vice ( conv5tion1 ! million-times-ov] repetition ( anci5t lies1 ! endless copy+ ( copies ( folly & cruelty & gre$4 ,! arti/s ( our "t are l m5 hypnotiz$1 repeat+ ov] & ov] a dre>y =mula ( futility4 ,& ,i say3 ,break ?is evil spell1 "y comrade2 g out & meet ! new dawn+ life1 take y\r "p 9 ! battle1 & put x into new art2 d ?is s]vice = a new public1 :i* y y\rselves w make4 ,t is ! message ( ?is book1 ! la/ ^w ,i h to say3 t y\r creative gift %all n be cont5t to make art works1 b %all at ! same "t make a _w2 %all make new s\ls1 mov$ by a new ideal ( fell[%ip1 a new impulse ( love1 & fai?--& n m]ely hope1 b det]m9ation4 8,t is :at ?is book is ab\t10 says ,ogi2 8& maybe n _m w get me1 b a few w1 & !y w be ! ones ,i am aft]40 ,mrs4 ,ogi comes to him & puts h] arms ab\t him1 trembl+ a little4 8,yes1 ( c\rse10 %e says2 8& ,i'm glad y wrote x1 9 spite ( all my t]rors40 8,ah1 n[60 says ,ogi1 smil+4 8,we ought to h a picture ( ?is6 ,a happy end+1 9 ! v be/ b\rgeois /yle60 ,,index ,roman num]als ref] to *apt]s1 ,arabic num]als to pages ,adams1 ,francis1 #ceb ,adams1 ,f4 ,p41 #fd s*ylus1 #di1 #id1 #ahj ,alcibiades1 ,,xvii ,alex&]1 #da ,amos1 #ca ,&]son1 #bci1 #bfj1 #bgj ,ar*im$es1 #da ,ario/o1 #hi ,ari/ophanes1 ,,xx1 #abi1 #baj ,ari/otle1 #aag ,arnold1 #dg1 #aha1 ,,lxxi1 #cbc1 #cgi ,assisi1 #gd ,au/51 ,,lii ,babbitt1 #ach1 ,,xlv ,bacon1 #ie ,bakun91 #bab ,balzac1 ,,lx ,b>rett1 #bbe ,baudelaire1 #cjb ,be]1 #cdh ,be]s1 #ahf ,bee?ov51 ,l ,bellamy1 #bch1 #ceb ,b5nett1 #ahi ,b]nh>di1 #bic ,b]nh>dt1 #abc ,besant1 #ceb ,bi]ce1 ,,cii ,blake1 #bjb ,boccaccio1 ,,xxviii ,borgia1 #hj ,br&es1 #bid ,brawne1 #ahg ,brooks1 #cbg ,br[n1 ,bi%op1 #gd ,br[n1 ,j4 ,g41 #ab ,br[n+1 #hj1 ,,lxx ,bu*anan1 #ceb ,buddha1 #ci ,bunyan1 ,,xxxviii1 #bci1 #bhc ,burbank1 #bgi ,burns1 ,,xlix1 #bdd1 #cci ,byron1 ,,lvii1 #aha1 #bjc1 #bbh1 #bda1 #bea1 #cja ,cade1 #ajc ,calas1 #acc ,c>lyle1 #ac1 #gg1 ,,lxviii1 #caa1 #ccg ,c>ol9e1 #ahj ,c>ti]1 #ie ,c]vantes1 ,,xxxii ,*amb]s1 #aad1 #cef ,*>les ,i1 #ajf ,*>les ,x1 #aie ,clem5s1 ,c1 #ia1 #ccd1 #cdj1 #cdh1 #cei1 #cfi ,cleon1 #ec ,col]idge1 ,,liv1 #bea ,colli]1 #aae ,coll9s1 #bj ,com/ock1 #aje ,congreve1 #aad ,conrad1 ,,cix ,coolidge1 #ada1 #cbg ,corneille1 ,,xl1 #caf ,crane1 ,,civ ,cromwell1 #aac1 #agc1 #aie ,dana1 #cb1 #ec ,dante1 ,,xxix ,davidson1 #ceb ,davis1 ,,ciii ,dawes1 #eg ,day1 #cdf ,debs1 #cfa de ,mille1 #aad de ,"y1 #cdj ,dick5s1 ,,lxxii1 #bcf1 #bgg ,did]ot1 #acf ,dobson1 #fd ,dor1 #ab ,do/oievski1 ,,lxxxiv-,v ,d\glas1 #cje ,dreis]1 #bgj ,dreyfus1 #bhb1 #cha ,dryd51 ,,xxxix1 #adc ,eddy1 #bda ,edison1 #da ,edw>d1 #abc ,elijah1 #ca ,eliot1 #bce ,em]son1 #eh1 #bag1 #bcc1 ,,lxxv1 #bec ,eurip$es1 #ea1 #eb1 #ed ,field+1 ,,xlviii ,flaub]t1 ,,lxv1 #bgf ,fox1 #gd ,france1 ,,cx ,fr$]ick1 #acc1 #adg1 #bai ,galileo1 #ajf1 #aag ,g&hi1 #bgd ,g>rison1 #bde ,gauti]1 #ahg1 #aif1 ,,lxii1 #bjh ,george ,,iv1 #afe1 #ahj ,gibbon1 #aga ,gif=d1 #aga ,gild]1 #cdg ,glad/one1 #dh1 #cbc ,glyn1 #aad ,goe!1 #ci1 #aec1 ,,li1 #ahc ,gogol1 ,,lxxxii1 #bfc ,gonc\rt1 ,,lxxxvii ,gorki1 #bei1 #bgc1 #cbh1 #cce1 #cci ,gosse1 #cja1 #cai ,grac*us1 #ei ,grant1 #ccj ,gronlund1 #cci ,haldeman-,julius1 #aij ,hale1 #cee ,hallam1 #bbc ,hamilton1 #agb ,hanska1 #aid ,h>die1 #agc ,h>p]1 #cce-f ,h>ris1 #ih1 #ii1 ,,xcv ,h>vey1 #cca ,ha/+s1 #afb ,haw?orne1 ,,lxxviii1 #cbb ,hazlitt1 #ahe ,he>n1 #ahg1 #ccf ,he9e1 #fd1 ,,lxvi ,h5ley1 #ad ,h5ry1 ,,cvii1 #cdi1 #cge ,h]riot1 #bhb ,hi*5s1 #cjc ,hippocrates1 #da ,hoh5zoll]n1 #bai ,hom]1 ,,xviii1 #fj ,horace1 ,,xxiv ,h[ells1 ,,ci1 #cbh1 #cdh ,hughes1 #bh1 #chc ,hugo1 #bjj1 #bjc1 #baf1 ,,lxi1 #bhj1 #bif1 #bih ,hunt1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahf ,ibs51 ,,xc1 #cci ,+]soll1 #cca ,irw91 #ec ,isaiah1 #cj ,jackson1 #bdf ,james1 ,h41 #ac1 #gc1 #hb1 #aic1 #bfd1 ,,xcviii1 #cgi ,james1 ,w41 #cah ,jaurs1 #cha ,j5n+s1 #cei-fj1 #cfb ,j]emiah1 #cj ,jesus1 #ch1 #ci1 #beg1 #bic ,joan1 #ajb ,john1 #ca ,johnson1 #cd ,juv5al1 ,,xxiv ,keats1 ,,lix1 #ahj1 #bde ,k+sley1 #ceb ,kipl+1 #ad1 #abi ,kubla ,khan1 #afh ,lamb1 #ahe ,lani]1 #bed ,lassalle1 #ceb ,leacock1 #ec ,lee1 #bcb ,lee-,higg9son1 #ada ,l591 #cf ,lewes1 #ci1 #bce ,lewis1 #bjf ,l9coln1 #bef ,lloyd-,george1 #cgg ,lockh>t1 #ahf ,london1 ,,cviii1 #cch1 #cdi1 #cea ,longfell[1 ,,lxxvi ,l\is ,,xiv1 ,,xli ,l\is ,,xviii1 #aie ,l\is ,napoleon1 #aig1 #bad ,l\is-,philippe1 #aif l',ouv]ture1 #aid ,ludwig1 #bae1 #bid ,lu!r1 #gd1 #hc ,mackail1 #dc ,mc5as1 #fd ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 #aef1 #agb ,m>l[e1 #if ,m>t91 ,,xv ,m>x1 #bid ,maupassant1 ,,lxxxix1 #bhf1 #cdj1 #cfa ,m$ici1 #hf1 #abj ,m5ck51 #aje ,m]$i?1 ,,xcvii1 #cge ,micah1 #ca ,mi*elangelo1 ,,xxxi1 #aej ,millet1 #bjf ,milton1 #ad1 ,,xxxvii1 #aeb1 #agc1 #ahc1 #ahi1 #aih1 #bcd1 #bci1 #bdb1 #cje ,moli]e1 ,,xlii1 #bfa ,moore1 ,g41 #cjh ,moore1 ,t41 #aha ,mordell1 #gh1 #ajh1 #aaa ,m1 ,p4 ,e41 #bbh1 #bbi1 #cgi ,m1 ,sir ,t41 #ceb ,morgan1 #adj1 #ada1 #bgj1 #bic1 #cej-a ,morrell1 #cea ,morris1 ,,lxxiv ,moz>t1 #aea ,murray1 #eg ,musset1 ,,lxiii1 #cjb ,napoleon1 #aeb1 #aef1 #aeg1 #afc1 #bbb ,nelson1 #agb ,newton1 #aca1 #agc1 #bed ,ni*olas1 #bfi ,nietzs*e1 #ac1 ,,xcii1 #beg ,norris1 ,,cv ,palgrave1 #aji1 #aij ,palm]1 #gi1 #ada1 #afc ,pa/eur1 #da ,patrick1 #bj ,p]icles1 #da ,phelps1 #bfh1 ,,lxxxv ,phillips1 ,,cvi1 #cdi ,p9d>1 #ej ,plato1 #ac1 #ceb ,plimsoll1 #cgf ,plut>*1 #aeb ,poe1 ,,lxxix1 #cjb1 #bec ,pope1 #aca ,port]1 ,,cvii1 #cdi1 #cge ,pu%k91 #bfj1 #bfa ,que5sbury1 #cje ,rabelais1 #chc ,rac9e1 ,,xli1 #aie1 #aii ,raphael1 ,,xxx1 #bjj ,rasput91 #bfh1 #bfi ,reade1 #ceb ,re$1 #cg1 #ch ,r5an1 #chc ,ri*>dson1 ,,xlvii1 #bgg ,ri*elieu1 #aag ,robespi]re1 #ada ,rockefell]1 #aji ,roeckel1 #bab ,rog]s1 #cca ,rol&1 #hh ,roosevelt1 #ced ,rossetti1 #ahh ,r\sseau1 #aag1 #aah1 ,,xliv1 ,,xlv1 #aee1 #bga1 #bia ,rusk91 #agc1 #bcf1 #bch1 #cji1 #ceb ,russell1 #cfb ,sa9tsbury1 #aac1 #aae1 #bii ,s&1 #bjc1 ,,lxiv1 #bbe ,savon>ola1 #gd1 #hd ,s*ill]1 #aeh ,s*op5hau]1 #baf ,scott1 ,,liii1 #aga1 #aha1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #bdg1 #bdi ,%akespe>e1 #ci1 #dh1 ,,xxxiii-,,vi1 #abi1 #aca1 #aea1 #ahc1 #aie1 #bda ,%aw1 #ag1 #fc1 #ic1 #baa1 #bae1 #bhg1 #bib1 #cci ,%elley1 #agf1 #agg1 ,,lviii1 #ahe1 #aih ,%]man1 #bbh ,s9clair1 #ajg1 #cbh1 #cce1 #cde1 #cdg1 #cec1 #cfc-f1 #cgb ,socrates1 #da1 #ed ,sophocles1 #ea ,s\!y1 #afc1 #afg1 ,,lv1 #agg ,sp5c]1 #bij ,squires1 #aha ,/]l+1 #ic1 #id1 #cch-i1 #cda ,/[e1 #agf1 #ceb ,/rauss1 #cjd ,/r9db]g1 ,,xci1 #bia1 #bid ,swanson1 #bh1 #chc ,swift1 #aca1 ,,xlvi ,sw9burne1 #afh1 ,,xciv ,symonds1 #big ,taft1 #bfi ,t5nyson1 ,,lxix1 #aji1 #ahh1 #bag1 #bgi1 #cja1 #cdf ,?ack]ay1 ,,lxxiii1 #aia ,tol/oi1 #ace1 #baa1 ,,lxxxvi1 #beg1 #bgi1 #bhc1 #ccb1 #cce1 #cci ,turg5ev1 ,,lxxxiii1 #bga ,twa91 #ia1 ,c1 #ccd1 #cdj1 #cdh1 #cei1 #cfi ,unt]mey]1 #fd van ,e$51 #bfe ,vas>i1 #hc ,v]e/*ag91 #ab ,v]ha]51 ,,xciii ,v]la9e1 #cjb ,victoria1 #agd1 #bbj1 #bbd1 #caf ,virgil1 ,,xxiii1 #gi ,voltaire1 ,,xliii1 #aie1 #bji1 #bdj1 #bhb1 #chc von ,suttn]1 #ceb ,wagn]1 ,,lxvii1 #bid ,w>d1 ,,xcix ,wa%+ton1 #da1 #chd ,watts-,dunton1 #bii ,web]1 #aeb ,web/]1 #bdf ,wells1 #cag ,we/brook1 #ahb ,:i/l]1 #ahg1 ,,xcvi1 #bej ,:ite+1 #ceb ,:itman1 ,,lxxx1 #bge1 #bhb1 #big ,:itti]1 ,,lxxvii1 #bec ,wilde1 ,,xcv1 #cdf ,witte1 #cca ,wood1 #aaj ,wordswor?1 ,,lvi1 #aha1 #ahb ,wy*]ley1 #aad ,zola1 ,,lxxxviii1 #bif1 #cdi1 #cha ,w4 ,b4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o ,owns ! ,press1 & ,:y8 ,:5 y read y\r daily pap]1 are y read+ facts or propag&a8 ,& ^: propag&a8 ,:o furni%es ! raw mat]ial = y\r ?\ghts ab\t life8 ,is x hone/ mat]ial8 ,no man c ask m important que/ions ?an ^!2 & "h = ! fir/ "t ! que/ions are answ]$ 9 a book4 ,,! ,,brass ,,*eck ,a ,/udy ( ,am]ican ,j\rnalism ,by ,,upton ,,s9clair ,read ! record ( ?is book to ,augu/1 #aibj3 ,publi%$ 9 ,febru>y1 #aibj2 fir/ edition1 #bc1jjj pap]-b\nd copies1 sold 9 two weeks4 ,second edition1 #ba1jjj pap]-b\nd1 sold be=e x c\ld be put to press4 ,?ird edition1 #ae1jjj & f\r? edition1 #ab1jjj1 sold4 ,fif? edition1 #ae1jjj1 9 press4 ,pap] = six? edition1 #aaj1jjj1 j %ipp$ f ! mill4 ,! ?ird & f\r? editions are pr9t$ on 8numb] "o news02 ! six? w be pr9t$ on a c>load ( lightweight br[n wrapp+ pap]--all we c\ld get 9 a hurry4 ,! fir/ clo? edition1 #af1ejj copies1 all sold2 a c>load ( pap] = ! second edition1 #dj1jjj copies1 has j rea*$ our pr9t]--& s we d>e to adv]tise6 ,n9ety ?\s& copies ( a book sold 9 six mon?s--& publi%$ by ! au?or1 ) no adv]tis+1 & only a few scatt]$ reviews6 ,:at ?is means is t ! ,am]ican p want to "k ! tru? ab\t _! newspap]s4 ,!y h f\nd ! tru? 9 8,! ,brass ,*eck0 & !y are call+ = x by telegraph4 ,put ^! books on y\r c\nt]1 & y w see1 z "o doctor wrote u--8!y melt away l ! sn[40 ,f ! pa/or ( ! ,community ,*ur*1 ,new ,york3 8,i am writ+ to ?ank y = s5d+ me a copy ( y\r new book1 #8,! ,brass ,*eck4' ,al?\gh x arriv$ only a few days ago1 ,i h already read x ?r\gh1 e ^w1 & h loan$ x to "o ( my colleagues = read+4 ,! book is trem5d\s4 ,i h nev] read a m /rongly consi/5t argum5t or "o s =midably buttress$ by facts4 ,y h prov$ y\r case to ! h&le4 ,i aga9 take satisfaction 9 salut+ y n only z a great noveli/1 b z ! able/ pamphlete] 9 ,am]ica today4 ,i am already pass+ ar\nd ! ^w 9 my *ur* & tak+ ord]s = ! book40--,john ,haynes ,holmes4 #ddj pages4 ,s+le copy1 pap]1 #fj;c po/paid2 ?ree copies1 #a4ej2 t5 copies1 #d4ej4 ,s+le copy1 clo?1 #a4bj po/paid2 ?ree copies1 #c4jj2 t5 copies1 #i4jj ,address3 ,,upton ,,s9clair1 ,pasad5a1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,goose-,,/ep ,a ,/udy ( ,am]ican ,education ,by ,upton ,s9clair ,:o owns ! colleges1 & :y8 ,are y\r sons & daught]s gett+ education1 or propag&a8 ,& ^: propag&a8 ,no man c ask m important que/ions ?an ^!2 & "h = ! fir/ "t ! que/ions are answ]$ 9 a book4 ,f ,h4 ,l4 ,,m5ck53 8#8,! ,goose-,/ep' came 9 at la/ ye/]day aft]noon1 & ,i fell on x la/ night4 ,my v s9c]e congratulations4 ,i h read on & on ) con/ant joy 9 ! adept m>%all+ ( facts1 ! %rewd pres5tation ( p]sonalities1 ! lively & incessant humor4 ,x is n only a f9e piece ( writ+2 x is also a s\nd piece ( rese>*4 ,x pres5ts a deva/at+1 b1 ,i believe1 ?or\ghly fair & accurate picture ( ! ,am]ican univ]sities today4 ,! faults ( #8,! ,brass ,*eck' & #8,! ,pr(its ( ,religion' are n 9 x4 ,x is enorm\sly m judicial & conv9c+ ?an ei!r ( ^? books4 ,y are "h compla9+ ( no?+4 ,y simply (f] ! bald & horrible facts--b ) livel9ess1 %rewdness1 good humor4 ,an appall+ picture ( a moral & m5tal debasem5t6 ,let e ,am]ican read x & pond] x60 ,a few que/ions consid]$ 9 8,! ,goose-,/ep03 ,d y "k ! ext5t to :i* ! int]lock+ directors ( railroads & /eel & oil & coal & cr$it 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are also ! int]lock+ tru/ees ( ,am]ican 8high]0 education8 ,d y ?9k t our colleges & univ]sities %\ld be model$ on ! l9es ( our gov]nm5t1 or on ! l9es ( our dep>tm5t-/ores8 ,d y "k t eighty-five p]c5t ( college & univ]sity pr(essors are dissatisfi$ ) be+ manag$ by floor-walk]s8 ,d y "k = h[ _m diff]5t actions & op9ions a pr(essor may lose 8 job8 ,d y "k h[ _m pr(essors h to d _! own laundry8 ,d y "k :y ,am]ican college presid5ts ) few exceptions are m5 :o d n tell ! tru?8 ,d y "k to :at ext5t 8social position0 takes prec$5ce ov] s*ol>%ip 9 ,am]ican academic life8 ,d y "k to :at ext5t our education has become a by-product ( gladiatorial combats8 ,a few ( ! in/itutions dealt )3 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,h\se ( ,morgan2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,lee-,higg9son2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,u4 ,g4 ,i42 ,! ,tig]'s ,lair2 ,! ,bull-dog's ,d52 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,black ,h&2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,lumb] ,tru/2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,*imes2 ,! ,univ]sities ( ! ,anaconda2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,latt] ,day ,sa9ts2 ,! ,m9+ ,camp ,univ]sity2 ,! ,colleges ( ! ,smelt] ,tru/2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,:eat2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,ore ,tru/2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,/&>d ,oil2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,judge ,g>y2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,gr& ,du*ess2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,automobiles2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/eel ,tru/2 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,heav52 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,jabb]grab4 #ejj pages1 clo? #b4jj1 pap] #a4jj1 po/paid4 ,,upton ,,s9clair1 ,,pasad5a1 ,,cali=nia 99 99 99 99 99 ,typographical errors correct$ by ! etext transcrib]3 s]ies ( *onicle s]ies ( *ronicle pg #aja "h we se5 ,s5sibility "h we see ,s5sibility pg #afj be became poet laureate he became poet laureate pg #agc ,two lat]s lat] 8 ,two ye>s lat] 8 pg #agi a crime agani/ a crime aga9/ pg #ahb ! old god1 see too late ! old god1 sees too late pg #bad enlightm5t ought to help !m enlight5m5t ought to help !m pg #bfd worse crim9als t he worse crim9als ?an he pg #bfg mo/ effici5t sytem mo/ effici5t sy/em pg #bfi out ( ?ir m9ds out ( _! m9ds pg #bhg be became ! prophet he became ! prophet pg #bib to feel wr>ant$ to feel w>rant$ pg #cai long & successfuly long & successfully pg #cdh live a s+le g5ration live a s+le g5]ation pg #cea him to suce$ him to succe$ pg #ced pres5ts a deva/+ pres5ts a deva/at+ ad page