,,atlantic ,,read+s                     
,,numb] #ag                             
,,on ,,read+ ,,9 ,,relation             
,,to ,,lit]ature                        
,,by                                    
,,lafcadio ,,he>n                       
,illu/ration                        ,!  
,atlantic ,mon?ly ,press1 ,inc4         
,,bo/on                                 
,copyright1 #aiba1 by                   
,,! ,,atlantic ,,mon?ly ,,press         
,z ! t]m approa*es its close1 ,i wi% to 
keep my promise reg>d+  a s]ies (       
lectures relat+ to lit]>y life & "w1 to 
be giv5  indep5d5tly ( texts or         
au?orities1 & to repres5t1 z f> z       
possible1 ! results ( practical exp]i5ce
 among ! mak]s (  lit]ature 9 diff]5t   
c\ntries4 ,! subject = ?is t]m w be     
,read+--app>5tly1 p]haps1 a v simple    
subject1 b really n s  simple z x looks1
 & mu* m important ?an y may ?9k x4 ,i  
%all beg9 ?is lecture by say+ t v few   
p]sons "k h[ to  read4 ,consid]able     
exp]i5ce ) lit]ature is ne$$ be=e ta/e  

& discrim9ation c possibly be acquir$2 &
 )\t ^!1 x is  almo/ impossible to le>n 
h[ to read4 ,i say almo/ impossible2    
s9ce !re are "s r>e m5 :o1 ?r\gh a      
natural inborn ta/e1  ?r\gh a k9d (     
inh]it$ lit]>y in/9ct1 are able to read 
v  well ev5 be=e rea*+ ! age (          
tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,b ^! are  great       
exceptions1 & ,i am speak+ ( ! av]age4  
,=1 to read ! *>act]s or ! lett]s ( !   
text does n mean  read+ 9 ! true s5se4  
,y w (t5 f9d y\rselves read+ words  or  
*>act]s automatically1 ev5 pron\nc+ !m q
 correctly1  :ile y\r m9ds are occupi$ )
 a totally diff]5t subject4 ,?is  m]e   
me*anism ( read+ becomes altoge!r       
automatic at an e>ly  p]iod ( life1 & c 
be p]=m$ irrespective ( att5tion4 ,nei!r
  c ,i call x read+1 to extract !       
n>rative portion ( a text f  ! re/      
simply = "o's p]sonal amusem5t1 or1 9   
o!r words1  to read a book 8= ! /ory40  
,yet mo/ ( ! read+ t is done  9 ! _w is 
done 9 exactly ?is way4 ,?\s&s & ?\s&s (
  books are b\ght e ye>1 e mon?1 ,i     

might ev5 say e day1  by p :o d n read  
at all4 ,!y only ?9k t !y read4  ,!y buy
 books j to amuse !mselves1 8to kill    
"t10 z !y call  x2 9 "o h\r or two _!   
eyes h pass$ ov] all ! pages1 &  !re is 
left 9 _! m9ds a vague idea or two ab\t 
:at !y h  be5 look+ at2 & ?is !y really 
believe is read+4 ,no?+ is  m common ?an
 to be ask$1 8,h y read su* a book80 or 
to he>  somebody say1 8,i h read su* &  
su* a book40 ,b ^! p]sons d  n speak    
s]i\sly4 ,out ( a ?\s& p]sons :o say1   
8,i h read  ?is10 or 8,i h read t10 !re 
is n "o p]haps :o is able to  express   
any op9ion wor? he>+ ab\t :at he has be5
 read+4 ,_m  & _m a "t ,i he> /ud5ts say
 t !y h read c]ta9 books2  b if ,i ask  
!m "s que/ions reg>d+ ! book1 ,i f9d t  
!y  are n able to make any answ]1 or at 
be/1 !y w only repeat  some?+ t somebody
 else has said ab\t :at !y ?9k t !y  h  
be5 read+4 ,b ?is is n peculi> to       
/ud5ts2 x is 9 all  c\ntries ! way t !  
great public dev\rs books4 ,& to        
conclude  ?is introductory "p ( !       

lecture1 ,i w\ld say t ! diff]5ce       
betwe5 ! great critic & ! common p]son  
is *iefly t !  great critic kn[s h[ to  
read1 & ! common p]son does n4 ,no man  
is really able to read a book :o is n   
able to express an orig9al  op9ion      
reg>d+ ! cont5ts ( a book4    ,no d\bt y
 w ?9k t ?is /atem5t ( ! case confuses  
read+ ) /udy4 ,y might say1 8,:5 we read
 hi/ory or philosophy  or sci5ce1 !n we 
d read v ?or\ghly1 /udy+ all ! mean+s  &
 be>+s ( ! text1 sl[ly1 & ?9k+ ab\t x4  
,?is is h>d  /udy4 ,b :5 we read a /ory 
or a poem out ( class-h\r1 we read  =   
amusem5t4 ,amusem5t & /udy are two      
diff]5t ?+s40 ,i am n  sure t y all ?9k 
?is2 b "y m5 g5]ally d s ?9k4 ,z a      
matt] ( fact1 e book wor? read+ ought to
 be read 9 precisely  ! same way t a    
sci5tific book is read--n simply =      
amusem5t2  & e book wor? read+ %\ld h ! 
same am\nt ( value 9  x t a sci5tific   
book has1 ?\gh ! value may be ( a       
totally  diff]5t k9d4 ,=1 aft] all1 !   
good book ( fiction or romance or       

poetry is a sci5tific "w2 x has be5     
compos$ accord+ to ! be/  pr9ciples ( m 
?an "o sci5ce1 b especially accord+ to !
  pr9ciples ( ! great sci5ce ( life1 ! k
 ( human nature4    ,9 reg>d to =eign   
books1 ?is is especially true2 b !      
advice  sugge/$ w be h>d] to foll[ :5 we
 read 9 a language :i* is  n our own4   
,nev]!less1 h[ _m ,engli%m5 d y suppose 
really  read a good book 9 ,engli%8 h[  
_m ,fr5*m5 read a great book  9 _! own  
tongue8 ,probably n m ?an "o 9 two ?\s& 
(  ^? :o ?9k t !y read4 ,:at is m1      
al?\gh !re are n[  publi%$ e ye> 9      
,london upw>ds ( six ?\s& books1 at no  
"t has !re be5 s little good read+ done 
by ! av]age public  z to-day4 ,books are
 writt51 sold1 & read aft] a fa%ion--or 
r  accord+ to ! fa%ion4 ,!re is a fa%ion
 9 lit]ature z well z  9 ev]y?+ else2 & 
a p>ticul> k9d ( amusem5t be+ desir$ by 
! public1 a p>ticul> k9d ( read+ is giv5
 to supply ! dem&4  ,s useless h become 
to ?is public ! arts & graces ( real    
lit]ature1 ! great ?\ghts :i* %\ld      

belong to a great book1  t m5 ( lett]s h
 almo/ ceas$ to produce true lit]ature4 
,:5  a man c obta9 a great deal ( money 
by writ+ a book )\t /yle  or beauty1 a  
m]e n>rative to amuse1 & kn[s at ! same 
"t t  if he %\ld give ?ree1 five1 or t5 
ye>s to ! production ( a  really good   
book1 he w\ld probably />ve to dea?1 he 
is =c$ to  be untrue to ! high] duties (
 8 pr(ession4 ,m5 happily situat$  9    
reg>d to money matt]s might possibly    
attempt some?+ great f  "t to "t2 b !y c
 h>dly get a he>+4 ,ta/e has s mu*      
det]iorat$ )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 t1 z ,i   
told y be=e1  /yle has practically      
disappe>$--& /yle means ?9k+4 ,& ?is    
/ate ( ?+s 9 ,engl& has be5 l>gely      
br\ght ab\t by bad habits  ( read+1 by n
 kn[+ h[ to read4    ,= ! fir/ ?+ :i* a 
s*ol> %\ld be> 9 m9d is t a book  ought 
n to be read = m]e amusem5t4            
,half-educat$ p]sons read  = amusem5t1 &
 are n to be blam$ = x2 !y are incapable
  ( appreciat+ ! deep] qualities t      
belong to a really great  lit]ature4 ,b 

a "y man :o has pass$ ?r\gh a c\rse (   
univ]sity tra9+ %\ld discipl9e himself  
at an e>ly day nev] to  read = m]e      
amusem5t4 ,& once ! habit ( ! discipl9e 
has be5  =m$1 he w ev5 f9d x impossible 
to read = m]e amusem5t4  ,he w !n       
impati5tly ?r[ d[n any book f :i* he _c 
obta9 intellectual food1 any book :i*   
does n make an appeal to  ! high]       
emotions & to 8 intellect4 ,b on ! o!r  
h&1 !  habit ( read+ = amusem5t becomes 
) ?\s&s ( p exactly  ! same k9d ( habit 
z w9e-dr9k+ or opium-smok+2 x is l a    
n>cotic1 some?+ t helps to pass ! "t1   
some?+ t keeps  up a p]petual condition 
( dream+1 some?+ t ev5tually results  9 
de/roy+ all capacity = ?\ght1 giv+      
ex]cise only to !  surface p>ts ( ! m9d1
 & leav+ ! deep] spr+s ( feel+  & !     
high] faculties ( p]ception unemploy$4  
,let u simply /ate :at ! facts are ab\t 
?is k9d ( read+4 ,a  "y cl]k1 = example1
 reads e day on ! way to 8 (fice  & on !
 way back1 j to pass ! "t2 & :at does he
 read8 ,a  novel1 ( c\rse2 x is v easy  

"w1 & x enables him to =get  8 tr\bles =
 a mom5t1 to dull 8 m9d to all ! little 
worries  ( 8 daily r\t9e4 ,9 "o day or  
two days he f9i%es ! novel2  !n he gets 
ano!r4 ,he reads quickly 9 ^! days4 ,by 
! end ( !  ye> he has read betwe5 a     
hundr$ & fifty & two hundr$ novels2  no 
matt] h[ poor he is1 ?is luxury is      
possible to him1 because (  ! in/itution
 ( circulat+ libr>ies4 ,at ! end ( a few
 ye>s  he has read sev]al ?\s& novels4  
,does he l !m8 ,no2 he w  tell y t !y   
are ne>ly all ! same1 b !y help him to  
pass  away 8 idle "t2 !y h become a     
necessity = him2 he w\ld  be v unhappy  
if he c\ld n cont9ue ?is sort ( read+4  
,x is  utt]ly impossible t ! result c be
 any?+ b a /upefy+ (  ! faculties4 ,he  
_c ev5 rememb] ! names ( tw5ty or ?irty 
books out ( ?\s&s2 mu* less does he     
rememb] :at !y conta94  ,! result ( all 
?is read+ means no?+ b a cl\d9ess 9 8   
m9d4 ,t is ! direct result4 ,! indirect 
result is t ! m9d  has be5 kept f       
develop+ itself4 ,all developm5t        

necess>ily  means "s pa92 & su* read+ z 
,i speak ( has be5 employ$  unconsci\sly
 z a means to avoid t pa91 & !          
consequ5ce is  atrophy4    ,( c\rse ?is 
is an extreme case2 b x is ! ultimate   
outcome (  read+ = amusem5t :5ev] su*   
amusem5t becomes a habit1 &  :5 !re are 
means close at h& to gratify ! habit4   
,at pres5t 9  ,japan !re is little dang]
 ( ?is /ate ( ?+s2 b ,i use !           
illu/ration = ! sake ( its e?ical w>n+4 
,?is does n mean t !re is any sort (    
good lit]ature :i*  %\ld be %unn$4 ,a   
good novel is j z good read+ z ev5 !    
greate/ philosoph] c possibly wi% =4 ,! 
:ole matt] dep5ds  ^u ! way ( read+1 ev5
 m ?an ^u ! nature ( :at is  read4      
,p]haps x is too mu* to say1 z has (t5  
be5 said1 t  !re is no book :i* has no?+
 good 9 x2 x is bett] simply  to /ate t 
! good ( a book dep5ds incomp>ably m =  
its  influ5ce ^u ! habits ( ! read] ?an 
^u ! art ( !  writ]1 no matt] h[ great t
 writ] may be4 ,9 a previ\s lecture ,i  
tri$ to call y\r att5tion to !          

sup]iority ( ! *ild's me?ods  (         
obs]vation to ^? ( ! man2 & ! same fact 
may be notic$  9 reg>d to ! *ild's me?od
 ( read+4 ,c]ta9ly ! *ild c  read only v
 simple ?+s2 b he reads mo/ ?or\ghly2 & 
he  ?9ks & ?9ks untir+ly ab\t :at he    
reads2 "o little fairy  tale w give him 
m5tal occupation = a mon? aft] he has   
read x4  ,all ! en]gies ( 8 little fancy
 are exhau/$ ^u ! tale2 &  if 8 p>5ts be
 wise1 !y d n all[ him to read a second 
tale1  until ! pleasure ( ! fir/1 & its 
imag9ative effect1 has begun  to die    
away4 ,lat] habits1 habits :i* ,i %all  
v5ture to call bad1  soon de/roy !      
*ild's p[] ( really att5tive read+4 ,b  
let u  n[ take ! case ( a pr(essional   
read]1 a sci5tific read]2 &  we %all    
obs]ve ! same p[]1 develop$ ( c\rse to  
an enorm\s  degree4 ,9 ! (fice ( a great
 publi%+ h\se :i* ,i us$ to  visit1 !re 
are receiv$ e ye> sixte5 ?\s&           
manuscripts4 ,all  ^! mu/ be look$ at & 
judg$2 & su* "w 9 all publi%+  h\ses is 
p]=m$ by :at are call$ pr(essional      

read]s4 ,!  pr(essional read] mu/ be a  
s*ol>1 & a man ( v uncommon  capacity4  
,out ( a ?\s& manuscripts he w read     
p]haps n m  ?an "o2 out ( two ?\s& he   
may possibly read ?ree4 ,! o!rs  he     
simply looks at = a few seconds--"o     
glance is en\gh = him to  decide :e!r ! 
manuscript is wor? read+ or n4 ,! %ape (
 a  s+le s5t5ce w tell him t1 f ! lit]>y
 po9t ( view4 ,z  reg>ds subject1 ev5 ! 
title is en\gh = him to judge1 9 a l>ge 
numb] ( cases4 ,"s manuscripts may      
receive a m9ute or ev5 five  m9utes ( 8 
att5tion2 v few receive a long]         
consid]ation4 ,out  ( sixte5 ?\s&1 we   
may suppose t sixte5 are f9ally select$ 
= judgm5t4 ,he reads ^! f beg9n+ to end4
 ,hav+ read !m1  he decides t only eight
 c be fur!r consid]$4 ,! eight are  read
 a second "t1 mu* m c>efully4 ,at !     
close ( ! second  exam9ation ! numb] is 
p]haps r$uc$ to sev54 ,^! sev5 are      
de/9$ = a ?ird read+2 b ! pr(essional   
read] kn[s bett]  ?an to read !m        
imm$iately4 ,he leaves !m lock$ up 9 a  

draw]1  & passes a :ole week )\t look+  
at !m4 ,at ! end ( !  week he tries to  
see :e!r he c rememb] di/9ctly ea* ( ^! 
sev5 manuscripts & _! qualities4 ,v     
di/9ctly he rememb]s  ?ree2 ! rema9+ f\r
 he _c at once recall4 ,) a little  m   
ef=t1 he is able to rememb] two m4 ,b   
two he has utt]ly  =gott54 ,?is is a    
fatal defect2 ! "w t leaves no          
impression  ^u ! m9d aft] two read+s _c 
h real value4 ,he !n takes  !           
manuscripts out ( ! draw]1 condemns two 
7^? he c\ld n  rememb]71 & re-reads !   
five4 ,at ! ?ird read+ ev]y?+  is       
judg$--subject1 execution1 ?\ght1 lit]>y
 quality4 ,?ree are  discov]$ to be fir/
 class2 two are accept$ by ! publi%]s   
only  z second class4 ,& s ! matt] ends4
    ,some?+ l ?is goes on 9 all great   
publi%+ h\ses2 b  un=tunately n all     
lit]>y "w is n[ judg$ 9 ! same sev]e    
way4 ,x is n[ judg$ r by :at ! public   
likes2 & ! public  does n l ! be/4 ,b y 
may be sure t 9 a h\se su*  z t ( !     
,cambridge or ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity        

publi%]s1 !  te/ ( a manuscript is v    
sev]e inde$2 x is !re read mu*  m       
?or\ghly ?an x is likely ev] to be read 
aga94 ,n[ ?is  pr(essional read] :om we 
speak (1 ) all 8 k &  s*ol>%ip &        
exp]i5ce1 reads ! book v mu* 9 ! same   
way z ! *ild reads a fairy tale4 ,he has
 =c$ 8 m9d to ex]t  all its p[]s 9 !    
same m9ute way t ! *ild's m9d does1 to  
?9k ab\t ev]y?+ 9 ! book1 9 all its     
be>+s1 9 a hundr$  diff]5t directions4  
,x is n true t a *ild is a bad read]2 ! 
habit ( bad read+ is only =m$ mu* lat] 9
 life1 & is always  unnatural4 ,!       
natural & also ! s*ol>ly way ( read+ is 
!  *ild's way4 ,b x requires :at we are 
apt to lose z we gr[ up1  ! gold5 gift (
 pati5ce2 & )\t pati5ce no?+1 n ev5     
read+1 c be well done4    ,important !n 
z c>eful read+ is1 y c readily p]ceive t
 x  %\ld n be wa/$4 ,! p[]s ( a         
well-tra9$ & highly educat$  m9d ought n
 to be exp5d$ ^u any common book4 ,by   
common ,i mean  *eap & useless          
lit]ature4 ,no?+ is s ess5tial to       

self-tra9+  z ! prop] *oice ( books to  
read2 & no?+ is s univ]sally  neglect$4 
,x is n ev5 "r t a p]son ( ability %\ld 
wa/e 8 "t 9 8f9d+ out0 :at to read4 ,he 
c easily obta9  a v correct idea ( !    
limits ( ! be/ 9 all dep>tm5ts (        
lit]ature1 & keep to t be/4 ,( c\rse1 if
 he has to become a  speciali/1 a       
critic1 a pr(essional read]1 he w h to  
read :at  is bad z well z :at is good1 &
 w be able to save himself f  mu* torm5t
 only by an exce$+ly rapid ex]cise (    
judgm5t1 =m$  by exp]i5ce4 ,imag9e1 =   
example1 ! read+ t mu/ h be5  done1 &   
?or\ghly done1 by su* a critic z        
,pr(essor ,sa9tsbury4  ,leav+ out ( ! "q
 all 8 univ]sity tra9+1 & 8  ma/]y (    
,greek & ,lat9 classics1 :i* is no small
 read+ to  beg9 )1 he mu/ h read "s five
 ?\s& books 9 ! ,engli%  ( all          
c5turies--le>n$ ?or\ghly ev]y?+ t 0 9   
!m1 !  hi/ory ( ea* "o1 & ! hi/ory ( its
 au?or1 :5ev] t  0 accessible4 ,he mu/  
also h ma/]$ ?or\ghly ! social &        
political hi/ory relat+ to all ?is mass 

( lit]ature4 ,b ?is  is /ill less ?an   
half 8 "w4 ,=1 be+ an au?ority ^u two   
lit]atures1 8 /udy ( ,fr5*1 bo? old &   
new ,fr5*1 mu/ h  be5 ev5 m ext5sive ?an
 8 /udy ( ,engli%4 ,& all 8 "w  _h to be
 read z a ma/] reads2 !re 0 little m    
amusem5t 9  ! :ole f beg9n+ to end4 ,!  
only pleasure c\ld be 9 results2  b ^!  
results are v great4 ,no?+ is m         
difficult 9 ?is  _w ?an to read a book &
 !n to express cle>ly & truly 9 a  few  
l9es exactly :at ! lit]>y value ( ! book
 is4 ,!re are  n m ?an tw5ty p 9 ! _w :o
 c d ?is1 = !  exp]i5ce z well z !      
capacity requir$ mu/ be enorm\s4 ,v few 
( u c hope to become ev5 ?ird or f\r?   
class critics aft] a  lifetime ( /udy4  
,b we c all le>n to read2 & t is n by   
any  means a small feat4 ,! great       
critics c be/ %[ u ! way to d  ?is1 by  
_! judgm5t4    ,yet aft] all1 ! greate/ 
( critics is ! public--n ! public  ( a  
day or a g5]ation1 b ! public (         
c5turies1 ! cons5sus  ( national op9ion 
or ( human op9ion ab\t a book t has be5 

subject$ to ! awful te/ ( "t4           
,reputations are made n by  critics1 b  
by ! accumulation ( human op9ion ?r\gh  
hundr$s (  ye>s4 ,& human op9ion is n   
%>ply def9$ l ! op9ion ( a  tra9$       
critic2 x _c expla92 x is vague1 l a    
great emotion (  :i* we _c exactly      
describe ! nature2 x is bas$ ^u feel+  r
 ?an ^u ?9k+2 x only says1 8we l ?is40  
,yet !re is  no judgm5t s sure z ?is k9d
 ( judgm5t1 = x is ! outcome (  an      
enorm\s exp]i5ce4 ,! te/ ( a good book  
ought always to be !  te/ :i* human     
op9ion1 work+ = g5]ations1 applies4 ,&  
?is is  v simple4    ,! te/ ( a great   
book is :e!r we want to read x only once
 or  m ?an once4 ,any really great book 
we want to read ! second  "t ev5 m ?an  
we want$ to read x ! fir/ "t2 & e       
additional "t t we read x we f9d new    
mean+s & new beauties  9 x4 ,a book t a 
p]son ( education & good ta/e does n c>e
  to read m ?an once is v probably n    
wor? mu*4 ,"s "t ago  !re 0 a v clev]   
discussion go+ on reg>d+ ! art ( !      

great ,fr5* noveli/1 ,zola2 "s p claim$ 
t he possess$  absolute g5ius2 o!rs     
claim$ t he _h only tal5t ( a v         
rem>kable k9d4 ,! battle ( argum5t      
br\ght out "s /range  extravagances (   
op9ion4 ,b sudd5ly a v great critic     
simply put  ?is "q3 8,h[ _m ( y h read1 
or w\ld c>e to read1 "o  ( ,zola's books
 a second "t80 ,!re 0 no answ]2 ! fact 0
  settl$4 ,probably no "o w\ld read a   
book by ,zola m ?an once2 &  ?is is pro(
 positive t !re is no great g5ius 9 !m1 
& no  great ma/]y ( ! highe/ =m ( feel+4
 ,%all[ or false any book  mu/ be1 t1   
al?\gh b\ght by a hundr$ ?\s& read]s1 is
 nev]  read m ?an once4 ,b we _c consid]
 ! judgm5t ( a s+le  individual         
infallible4 ,! op9ion t makes a book    
great mu/ be !  op9ion ( _m4 ,= ev5 !   
greate/ critics are apt to h c]ta9      
dullnesses1 c]ta9 inappreciations4      
,c>lyle1 = example1 c\ld n  endure      
,br[n+2 ,byron c\ld n endure "s ( !     
greate/ ( ,engli%  poets4 ,a man mu/ be 
_m-sid$ to utt] a tru/wor?y e/imate ( _m

  books4 ,we may d\bt ! judgm5t ( ! s+le
 critic at times4 ,b  !re is no d\bt    
possible 9 reg>d to ! judgm5t (         
g5]ations4  ,ev5 if we _c at once       
p]ceive any?+ good 9 a book :i* has  be5
 admir$ & prais$ = hundr$s ( ye>s1 we   
may be sure t by  try+1 by /udy+ x      
c>efully1 we %all at la/ be able to feel
 !  reason ( ?is admiration & praise4 ,!
 be/ ( all libr>ies =  a poor man w\ld  
be a libr>y entirely compos$ ( su* great
 works  only1 books :i* h pass$ ! te/ ( 
"t4    ,?is !n w\ld be ! mo/ important  
guide = u 9 ! *oice (  read+4 ,we %\ld  
read only ! books t we want to read m   
?an  once1 nor %\ld we buy any o!rs1    
unless we h "s special reason  = s      
inve/+ money4 ,! second fact dem&+      
att5tion is !  g5]al "* ( ! value t lies
 hidd5 )9 all su* great  books4 ,a great
 book is n apt to be compreh5d$ by a "y 
p]son  at ! fir/ read+ except 9 a       
sup]ficial way4 ,only ! surface1  !     
n>rative1 is absorb$ & enjoy$4 ,no "y   
man c possibly see  at fir/ read+ !     

qualities ( a great book4 ,rememb] t x  
has  tak5 humanity 9 _m cases hundr$s ( 
ye>s to f9d out all t  !re is 9 su* a   
book4 ,b accord+ to a man's exp]i5ce (  
life1  ! text w unfold new mean+s to    
him4 ,! book t delight$  u at eighte51  
if x be a good book1 w delight u mu* m  
at  tw5ty-five1 & x w prove l a new book
 to u at ?irty ye>s  ( age4 ,at =ty we  
%all re-read x1 wond]+ :y we nev] saw h[
  beautiful x 0 be=e4 ,at fifty or sixty
 ye>s ( age ! same facts  w repeat      
!mselves4 ,a great book gr[s exactly 9  
proportion to !  gr[? ( ! read]'s m9d4  
,x 0 ! discov]y ( ?is extraord9>y  fact 
by g5]ations ( p long dead t made !     
greatness ( su*  works z ^? (           
,%akespe>e1 ( ,dante1 or ( ,goe!4       
,p]haps ,goe!  c give u at ?is mom5t !  
be/ illu/ration4 ,he wrote a numb] (    
little /ories 9 prose1 :i* *ildr5 l1    
because to *ildr5 !y  h all ! *>m (     
fairy tales4 ,b he nev] int5d$ !m =     
fairy  tales2 he wrote !m = exp]i5c$    
m9ds4 ,a "y man f9ds v  s]i\s read+ 9   

!m2 a middle ag$ man discov]s an        
extraord9>y  dep? 9 _! lea/ utt]ance2 & 
an old man w f9d 9 !m all  ! _w's       
philosophy1 all ! wisdom ( life4 ,if "o 
is v dull1  he may n see mu* 9 !m1 b j 9
 proportion z he is a sup]ior  man1 & 9 
proportion z 8 k ( life has be5         
ext5sive1 s  w he discov] ! greatness ( 
! m9d t conceiv$ !m4    ,?is does n mean
 t ! au?ors ( su* books c\ld h          
preconceiv$ ! entire range & dep? ( t   
:i* !y put into  _! "w4 ,great art works
 unconsci\sly )\t ev] suspect+ t  x is  
great2 & ! l>g] ! g5ius ( a writ]1 !    
less *ance  !re is ( 8 ev] kn[+ t he has
 g5ius2 = 8 p[] is less  likely to be   
discov]$ by ! public until long aft] he 
is dead4  ,! great ?+s done 9 lit]ature 
h n usually be5 done by m5  :o ?\ght    
!mselves great4 ,_m ?\s& ye>s ago "s    
w&]]  9 ,arabia1 look+ at ! />s ( !     
night1 & ?9k+ ab\t !  relation ( man to 
! unse5 p[]s t %ap$ ! _w1 utt]$ all  8  
he>t 9 c]ta9 v]ses t h be5 pres]v$ to u 
9 ! ,book  ( ,job4 ,to him ! sky 0 a    

solid vault2 ( t :i* might exi/  beyond 
x1 he nev] ev5 dream$4 ,s9ce 8 "t h[ va/
 has be5 !  expansion ( our a/ronomical 
k6 ,we n[ "k ?irty millions (  suns1 all
 ( :i* are probably att5d$ by planets1  
giv+ a probable  total ( ?ree hundr$    
millions ( o!r worlds )9 sight ( our    
a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,probably        
multitudes ( ^! are inhabit$ by         
intellig5t life2 x is ev5 possible t )9 
a few ye>s m we  %all obta9 pro(        
positive ( ! exi/5ce ( an old]          
civilization  ?an our own ^u ! planet   
,m>s4 ,h[ va/ a diff]5ce betwe5 our     
conception ( ! univ]se & ,job's         
conception ( x4 ,yet ! poem (  t        
simple-m9d$ ,arab or ,jew has n lo/ "o  
p>ticle ( its beauty  & value because ( 
?is diff]5ce4 ,q ! contr>y6 ,) e  new   
a/ronomical discov]y ! words ( ,job take
 gr&] mean+s to  u1 simply because he 0 
truly a great poet & spoke only ! tru?  
t 0 9 8 he>t ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,v       
anci5tly also  !re 0 a ,greek /ory-tell]
 :o wrote a little /ory ab\t a boy  &   

girl 9 ! c\ntry1 call$ ,daphnis & ,*loe4
 ,x 0 a little  /ory1 tell+ 9 ! simple/ 
language possible h[ t boy &  girl fell 
9 love ) ea* o!r1 & did n "k :y1 & all !
  innoc5t ?+s !y said to ea* o!r1 & h[  
gr[n-up p k9dly  laugh$ at !m & taught  
!m "s ( ! simple/ laws ( life4 ,:at  a  
trifl+ subject1 "s might ?9k4 ,b t /ory1
 translat$ into  e language 9 ! _w1 /ill
 reads l a new /ory to u2 &  e "t we    
re-read x1 x appe>s /ill m beautiful1   
because x  tea*es a few true & t5d] ?+s 
ab\t innoc5ce & ! feel+  ( y\?4 ,x nev] 
c gr[ old1 any m ?an ! girl & boy :om  x
 describes4 ,or1 to desc5d to lat]      
times1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s  ago a     
,fr5* prie/ conceiv$ ! idea ( writ+ d[n 
! hi/ory  ( a /ud5t :o _h be5 *>m$ by a 
wanton woman1 & l$ by h]  into _m sc5es 
( disgrace & pa94 ,?is little book1     
call$ ,manon  ,lescaut1 describes = u ! 
society ( a vani%$ "t1 a "t :5  p wore  
swords & p[d]$ _! hair1 a "t :5 ev]y?+  
0 z diff]5t z possible f ! life (       
to-day4 ,b ! /ory  is j z true ( our own

 "t z ( any "t 9 civilization2 !  pa9 & 
! sorr[ affect u j z if !y 7 our own2 & 
!  woman1 :o is n really bad1 b only    
weak & selfi%1 *>ms !  read] almo/ z mu*
 z %e *>m$ h] victim1 until ! trag$y    
ends4 ,"h aga9 is "o ( ! _w's great     
books t _c die4  ,or1 to take "o m      
example out ( a possible hundr$1 consid]
 !  /ories ( ,hans ,&]s54 ,he conceiv$ !
 notion t moral tru?s &  social         
philosophy c\ld be bett] taught ?r\gh   
little fairy tales  & *ild /ories ?an 9 
almo/ any o!r way2 & ) ! help (  hundr$s
 ( old-fa%ion$ tales1 he made a new     
s]ies ( wond]ful  /ories t h become a "p
 ( e libr>y & are read 9 all  c\ntries  
by gr[n-up p mu* m ?an by *ildr54 ,!re  
is 9  ?is a/oni%+ collection ( /ories1 a
 /ory ab\t a m]maid1 :i*  ,i suppose y h
 all read4 ,( c\rse !re c be no su* ?+  
z a m]maid2 f "o po9t ( view ! /ory is q
 absurd4 ,b  ! emotions ( unselfi%ness &
 love & loyalty :i* ! /ory  expresses   
are immortal1 & s beautiful t we =get   
ab\t all !  unreality ( ! framework2 we 

see only ! et]nal tru? beh9d !  fable4  
,y w und]/& n[ exactly :at ,i mean by a 
great book4 ,:at  ab\t ! *oice ( books8 
,"s ye>s ago y w rememb] t an           
,engli%man ( sci5ce1 ,sir ,john         
,lubbock1 wrote a li/ ( :at he call$  ! 
be/ books 9 ! _w--or at lea/ ! be/      
hundr$ books4 ,!n  "s publi%]s publi%$ !
 hundr$ books 9 *eap =m4 ,foll[+  !     
example ( ,sir ,john1 o!r lit]>y m5 made
 diff]5t li/s (  :at !y ?\ght ! be/     
hundr$ books 9 exi/5ce2 & n[ q  en\gh "t
 has pass$ to %[ u ! value ( ^!         
exp]im5ts4 ,!y  h prov$ utt]ly wor?less1
 except to ! publi%]s4 ,_m p]sons  may  
buy ! hundr$ books2 b v few read !m4 ,& 
?is is n  because ,sir ,john ,lubbock's 
idea 0 bad2 x is because no "o man c    
lay d[n a def9ite c\rse ( read+ = !     
great mass ( diff]5tly  con/itut$ m9ds4 
,sir ,john express$ only 8 op9ion ( :at 
mo/  appeal$ to him2 ano!r man ( lett]s 
w\ld h made a diff]5t  li/2 probably no 
two m5 ( lett]s w\ld h made exactly !   
same  "o4 ,! *oice ( great books mu/1 "u

 all circum/ances1 be an  individual "o4
 ,9 %ort1 y mu/ *oose = y\rselves       
accord+ to  ! light t is 9 y4 ,v few    
p]sons are s _m-sid$ z to  feel incl9$  
to give _! be/ att5tion to _m diff]5t   
k9ds (  lit]ature4 ,9 ! av]age ( cases x
 is bett] = a man to conf9e  himself to 
a small class ( subjects--! subjects be/
 accord+ )  8 natural p[]s &            
incl9ations1 ! subjects t please him4 ,&
  no man c decide = u1 )\t kn[+ our     
p]sonal "* &  disposition p]fectly well 
& be+ 9 sympa?y ) x1 :]e our  p[]s lie4 
,b "o ?+ is easy to d--t is1 to decide1 
fir/1  :at subject 9 lit]ature has      
already giv5 y pleasure2 to decide1     
secondly1 :at is ! be/ t has be5 writt5 
^u t subject1  & !n to /udy t be/ to !  
exclusion ( ephem]al & trifl+  books :i*
 pr(ess to deal ) ! same !me1 b :i* h n 
yet  obta9$ ! approbation ( great       
critics or ( a great public op9ion4     
,^? books :i* h obta9$ bo? are n s _m 9 
numb] z  y might suppose4 ,ea* great    
civilization has produc$ only two or    

?ree ( ! fir/ rank1 if we except ! s+le 
civilization ( !  ,greeks4 ,! sacr$     
books embody+ ! tea*+ ( all great       
religions  necess>ily take place 9 !    
fir/ rank1 ev5 z lit]>y productions2  = 
!y h be5 poli%$ & repoli%$1 & h be5 giv5
 !  highe/ possible lit]>y p]fection (  
:i* ! language 9 :i*  !y are writt5 is  
capable4 ,! great epic poems :i* express
 !  ideals ( races1 ^! also des]ve a    
fir/ place4 ,?irdly1 !  ma/]pieces (    
drama1 z reflect+ life1 mu/ be consid]$ 
to belong  to ! highe/ lit]ature4 ,b h[ 
_m books are ?us repres5t$8  ,n v _m4 ,!
 be/1 l diamonds1 w nev] be f\nd 9 great
  quantities4    ,besides su* g5]al     
indications z ,i h ?us v5tur$1 some?+   
may  be said reg>d+ a few *oice         
books--^? :i* a /ud5t %\ld wi%  to      
possess good copies ( & read all 8 life4
 ,!re are n _m (  ^!4 ,= ,european      
/ud5ts x w\ld be necess>y to "n a numb] 
(  ,greek au?ors4 ,b )\t a /udy ( !     
classic tongues su* au?ors  c\ld be (   
mu* less use to ! /ud5ts ( ?is c\ntry2  

moreov]1  a consid]able k ( ,greek life 
& ,greek civilization is  necess>y to   
quick5 appreciation ( !m4 ,su* k is be/ 
ga9$ ?r\gh engrav+s1 pictures1 co9s1    
/atues--?r\gh ^?  arti/ic objects :i*   
enable ! imag9ation to see :at has      
exi/$2  & z yet ! arti/ic side (        
classical /udy is sc>cely possible  9   
,japan1 = want ( pictorial & o!r        
mat]ial4 ,i %all !re=e  say v little    
reg>d+ ! great books t belong to ?is    
category4  ,b z ! :ole f\ndation (      
,european lit]ature re/s ^u classical   
/udy1 ! /ud5t %\ld c]ta9ly attempt to   
ma/] ! outl9es (  ,greek my?ology1 & !  
"* ( ! traditions :i* inspir$ !  be/ (  
,greek lit]ature & drama4 ,y c sc>cely  
op5 an ,engli%  book belong+ to any high
 class ( lit]ature1 9 :i* y w  n f9d    
allusions to ,greek beliefs1 ,greek     
/ories1 or ,greek plays4  ,! my?ology is
 almo/ necess>y = y2 b ! va/ range ( !  
subject might well det] mo/ ( y f       
attempt+ a ?or\gh /udy  ( x4 ,a ?or\gh  
/udy ( x1 h[ev]1 is n necess>y4 ,:at is 

necess>y is an outl9e only2 & a good    
book1 capable ( giv+ y  t outl9e 9 a    
vivid & attractive mann] w\ld be (      
ine/imable  s]vice4 ,9 ,fr5* & ,g]man   
!re are _m su* books2 9 ,engli%1 ,i  "k 
( only "o1 a volume 9 ,bohn's ,libr>y1  
,keightley's ,my?ology  ( ,anci5t       
,greece & ,italy4 ,x is n an exp5sive   
"w2 & x has  ! exceptional quality (    
tea*+ 9 a philosophical _s4 ,z =  !     
fam\s ,greek books1 ! value ( mo/ ( !m =
 y mu/ be  small1 because ! numb] (     
adequate translations is small4 ,i %\ld 
beg9 by say+ t all v]se translations are
 useless4 ,no v]se  translation f !     
,greek c reproduce ! ,greek v]se--we h  
only  tw5ty or ?irty l9es ( ,hom]       
translat$ by ,t5nyson1 & a few  l9es (  
o!r ,greek poets translat$ by equally   
able m51 :i* are  at all satisfactory4  
,"u all circum/ances take a prose       
translation  :5 y wi% to /udy a ,greek  
or ,lat9 au?or4 ,we %\ld ( c\rse        
consid] ,hom] fir/4 ,i d n ?9k t y c    
af=d n to read  some?+ ( ,hom]4 ,!re are

 two excell5t prose translations 9      
,engli%1 "o ( ! ,iliad & "o ( !         
,odyssey4 ,! latt] is =  y ! m important
 ( ! two great poems4 ,! ref]5ces to x  
are innum]able 9 all bran*es (          
lit]ature2 & ^! ref]5ces  ref] usually  
to ! poetry ( its !me1 = ! ,odyssey is  
mu* m  a romance ?an is ! ,iliad4 ,!    
advantage ( ! prose translation  by     
,lang & ,but*] is t x pres]ves some?+ ( 
! roll+  s\nd & music ( ! ,greek v]se1  
?\gh x is only prose4 ,t  book ,i %\ld  
c]ta9ly consid] wor? keep+ con/antly by 
y2 its  utility w appe> to y at a lat]  
day4 ,! great ,greek trag$ies  h all be5
 translat$2 b ,i %\ld n s /rongly       
recomm5d ^!  translations to y4 ,x w\ld 
be j z well1 9 mo/ cases1 to  famili>ize
 y\rselves ) ! /ories ( ! dramas ?r\gh  
o!r  s\rces2 & !re are hundr$s ( ^!4 ,y 
%\ld at lea/ "k  ! subject ( ! great    
dramas ( ,sophocles1 s*ylus1 & above all
  ,euripides4 ,greek drama 0 con/ruct$  
^u a plan t requires mu*  /udy to und]/&
 correctly2 x is n necess>y t y %\ld    

und]/& ^! matt]s z an antiqu>ian does1 b
 x is necess>y  to "k some?+ ( ! /ories 
( ! great plays4 ,z = com$y1  ! works ( 
,ari/ophanes are q exceptional 9 _!     
value &  int]e/4 ,!y require v little   
explanation2 !y make u laugh  to-day j z
 he>tily z !y made ! ,a!nians laugh     
?\s&s  ( ye>s ago2 & !y belong to       
immortal lit]ature4 ,!re is !  ,bohn    
translation 9 two volumes1 :i* ,i w\ld  
/rongly recomm5d4  ,ari/ophanes is "o ( 
! great ,greek dramati/s :om we c read  
ov]  & ov] aga91 ga9+ at e read+4 ,( !  
lyrical poets !re  is also "o           
translation likely to become an ,engli% 
classic1 al?\gh  a mod]n "o2 t is       
,lang's translation ( ,!ocritus1 a t9y  
little  book1 b v preci\s ( its k9d4 ,y 
see ,i am m5tion+ v  few2 b ^! few w\ld 
mean a great deal = y1 %\ld y use  !m   
prop]ly4 ,among lat] ,greek "w1 "w done 
9 ! decl9e (  ! old civilization1 !re is
 "o ma/]piece t ! _w w  nev] become tir$
 (--,i m5tion$ x be=e1 ! /ory ( ,daphnis
  & ,*loe4 ,?is has be5 translat$ into e

 language1 & ,i am  sorry to say t ! be/
 translation is n ,engli%1 b ,fr5*--!   
v]sion ( ,amyot4 ,b !re are _m ,engli%  
translations4 ,t book  y c]ta9ly ought  
to read4 ,ab\t ! ,lat9 au?ors1 x is n "h
  necess>y to say mu*4 ,!re are v good  
prose translations ( ,virgil  & ,horace1
 b ! value ( ^! to y _c be v great )\t  
a k ( ,lat94 ,h[ev]1 ! /ory ( ! neid is 
necess>y to  "k1 & x 7 be/ read 9 !     
v]sion ( ,con+ton4 ,9 ! c\rse  ( y\r    
g5]al education x is impossible to avoid
 le>n+ some?+  reg>d+ ! *ief ,lat9      
writ]s & ?9k]s2 b !re is "o  immortal   
book t y may n h (t5 se5 ! "n (2 & x is 
a book ev]ybody %\ld read--,i mean !    
,gold5 ,ass ( ,apuleius4 ,y  h ?is 9 a  
good ,engli% translation4 ,x is only a  
/ory ( sorc]y1  b "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful   
/ories ev] writt51 & x belongs to  _w   
lit]ature r ?an to ! lit]ature ( a "t4  
,b ! ,greek my?s1 al?\gh et]nally       
imp]i%able 9 _! beauty1  are n m        
intimately relat$ to ,engli% lit]ature  
?an are !  my?s ( ! anci5t ,engli%      

religion1 ! religion ( ! ,nor!rn  races1
 :i* has left its e*oes all ?r\gh our   
=ms ( spee*1 ev5  9 ! names ( ! days ( !
 week4 ,a /ud5t ( ,engli% lit]ature     
ought to "k some?+ ab\t ,nor!rn         
my?ology4 ,x is full ( beauty  also1    
beauty ( ano!r & /rang] k9d2 & x        
embodies "o ( !  noble/ w>rior-fai?s t  
ev] exi/$1 ! religion ( =ce &  c\rage4  
,y h n[ 9 ! libr>y a complete collection
 ( ,nor!rn  poetry1 ,i mean ! two       
volumes ( ! ,corpus ,poeticum ,boreali4 
,un=tunately y h n z yet a good         
collection ( ! ,sagas &  ,eddas4 ,b1 z 9
 ! case ( ! va/] subject ( ,greek       
my?ology1  !re is an excell5t small book
 9 ,engli%1 giv+ an outl9e ( all  t is  
important--,i mean necess>y = y--9 reg>d
 to bo? !  religion & ! lit]ature ( !   
,nor!rn races1 ,mallet's ,nor!rn        
,antiquities4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott        
contribut$ ! mo/ valuable portion (  !  
translations 9 ?is little book2 & ^!    
translations h /ood  ! te/ ( "t         
rem>kably well4 ,! introductory *apt]s  

by ,bi%op  ,p]cy are old-fa%ion$1 b ?is 
fact does n 9 ! lea/ dim9i%  ! /irr+    
value ( ! volume4 ,i ?9k x is "o ( !    
books t  e /ud5t %\ld try to possess4   
,) reg>d to ! great mod]n ma/]pieces    
translat$ into ,engli%  f o!r tongues1  
,i c only say t x is bett] to read !m 9 
! orig9als1 if y c4 ,if y c read ,goe!'s
 ,fau/ 9 ,g]man1  d n read x 9 ,engli%2 
& if y c read ,he9e 9 ,g]man1 !  ,fr5*  
translation 9 prose1 :i* he sup]9t5d$1 &
 ! ,engli%  translations 7!re are _m (  
!m7 9 v]se c be ( no use to y4  ,b if   
,g]man be too difficult1 !n read ,fau/ 9
 ! prose v]sion  ( ,hayw>d1 z revis$ by 
,dr4 ,bu*heim4 ,y h t 9 ! libr>y2  & x  
is ! be/ ( ! k9d 9 exi/5ce4 ,fau/ is a  
book t a  man %\ld buy & keep1 & read _m
 times dur+ 8 life4 ,z =  ,he9e1 he is a
 _w poet1 b he loses a great deal 9     
translation2  & ,i c only recomm5d !    
,fr5* prose v]sion ( him2 ! ,engli%     
v]sions ( ,br[n+ & ,laz>us & o!rs are   
(t5 weak4 ,"s  ye>s ago a s]ies (       
extraord9>y translations ( ,he9e appe>$ 

9  ,blackwood's ,magaz9e2 b ^! h n      
appe>$1 ,i believe1 9 book  =m4    ,z = 
,dante1 ,i d n "k :e!r he c make a /rong
 appeal to y  9 any language except 8   
own2 & y mu/ und]/& ! ,middle ,ages  v  
well to feel h[ wond]ful he 04 ,i might 
say some?+ simil>  ab\t o!r great       
,italian poets4 ,( ! ,fr5* dramati/s1 y 
mu/  /udy ,molire2 he is next 9         
importance only to ,%akespe>e4 ,b d n   
read him 9 any translation4 ,"h ,i %\ld 
say positively1 t "o  :o _c read ,fr5*  
might z well leave ,molire alone2 !     
,engli%  language _c reproduce 8        
delicacies ( wit & allusion4    ,z =    
mod]n ,engli% lit]ature1 ,i h tri$ 9 !  
c\rse (  my lectures to indicate ! few  
books des]v+ ( a place 9  _w-lit]ature2 
& ,i ne$ sc>cely repeat !m "h4 ,go+ back
  a little fur!r1 h[ev]1 ,i %\ld l to   
rem9d y aga9 ( !  extraord9>y m]it (    
,malory's book ! ,morte d',ar?ur1 & to  
say t x is "o ( ! v few t y %\ld buy &  
keep &  read (t54 ,! :ole _s ( *ivalry  
is 9 t book2 & ,i ne$  sc>cely tell y h[

 deep is ! relation ( ! _s ( *ivalry to 
all mod]n ,engli% lit]ature4 ,i d n     
recomm5d y to read ,milton1  unless y   
int5d to make c]ta9 special /udies (    
language2 !  l+ui/ic value ( ,milton is 
bas$ ^u ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature4  ,z = 
8 lyrics--t is ano!r matt]4 ,^? ought to
 be /udi$4  ,z !re is little m to say1  
except by way ( sugge/ion1 ,i ?9k  t y  
ought1 e "o ( y1 to h a good copy (     
,%akespe>e1  & to read ,%akespe>e ?r\gh 
once e ye>1 n c>+ at fir/  :e!r y c     
und]/& all ! s5t5ces or n2 t k c  be    
acquir$ at a lat] day4 ,i am sure t if y
 foll[ ?is advice  y w f9d ,%akespe>e   
become l>g] e "t t y read him1  & t at  
la/ he w beg9 to ex]cise a v /rong & v  
heal?y influ5ce ^u y\r me?ods ( ?9k+ &  
feel+4 ,a man does  n require to be a   
great s*ol> 9 ord] to read ,%akespe>e4  
,&  :at is true ( read+ ,%akespe>e1 y w 
f9d to be true also 9  less] degree (   
all ! _w's great books4 ,y w f9d x true 
(  ,goe!'s ,fau/4 ,y w f9d x true ( !   
be/ *apt]s 9 !  poems ( ,hom]4 ,y w f9d 

x true ( ! be/ plays ( ,molire4 ,y  w   
f9d x true ( ,dante1 & ( ^? books 9 !   
,engli% ,bible  ab\t :i* ,i gave a %ort 
lecture la/ ye>4 ,& !re=e ,i d n  ?9k t 
,i c bett] conclude ^! rem>ks ?an by    
repeat+ an  old b v excell5t piece (    
advice :i* has be5 giv5 to "y  read]s3  
8,:5ev] y he> ( a new book be+ publi%$1 
read an old  "o40                       
,,atlantic ,,read+s      ,tea*]s ev]y:]e
 are cordially welcom+ our s]ies (      
,atlantic  ,read+s2 = mat]ial n o!rwise 
available is "h publi%$  = classroom use
 9 conv5i5t & inexp5sive =m4 ,9 mo/     
cases  ! selections repr9t$ h be5       
sugge/$ by tea*]s 9 s*ools  & colleges  
:]e a ne$ = a p>ticul> essay or /ory has
 be5  urg5tly felt4 ,suppli$ = "o       
in/itution1 ! repr9t has creat$ an      
imm$iate m>ket else:]e4    ,! ,atlantic 
,mon?ly ,press mo/ w>mly invites        
conf]5ce &  correspond5ce t w sugge/    
additions to ?is gr[+ li/4 ,x is  (     
c\rse app>5t f ! titles bel[ t ! mat]ial
 is *os5  only 9 "p f ! files ( !       

,atlantic ,mon?ly4      ,! titles       
already publi%$ foll[3--       #a4 ,,!  
,,lie         ,by ,m>y ,ant9            
#ae;c       #b4 ,,ruggs--,r4,o4,t4,c4   
,by ,william ,addleman ,ganoe           
#ae;c       #c4 ,,jungle ,,night        
,by ,william ,beebe                     
#ae;c       #d4 ,,an ,,engli%woman',s   
,,message         ,by ,mrs4 ,a4         
,burnett-,smi?                          
#ae;c       #e4 ,a ,,fa!r ,,to ,,8      
,,fre%man ,,son         ,by ,edw>d      
,san=d ,m>t9                      #ae;c 
#f4 ,a ,,port ,,said ,,miscellany       
,by ,william ,mc,fee                    
#ae;c       #g4 ,,education3 ,,! ,,ma/]y
 ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,( ,,life          ,by 
,ar?ur ,e4 ,morgan                      
#ae;c       #h4 ,,int5sive ,,liv+       
,by ,cornelia ,a4 ,p4 ,com]             
#ae;c       #i4 ,,! ,,prelim9>ies       
,by ,cornelia ,a4 ,p4 ,com]             
#ae;c      #aj4 ,,! ,,moral ,,equival5t 
,,( ,,w>          ,by ,william ,james   
#ae;c      #aa4 ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,poetry 

,by ,mat!w ,arnold                      
#ae;c      #ab4 ,,books          ,by    
,ar?ur ,c4 ,b5son                       
#ae;c      #ac4 ,,on ,,composition      
,by ,lafcadio ,he>n                     
#ae;c      #ad4 ,,! ,,basic ,,problem   
,,( ,,democracy          ,by ,walt]     
,lippmann                               
#ae;c      #ae4 ,,! ,,pilgrims ,,(      
,,plym\?          ,by ,h5ry ,cabot      
,lodge                         #be;c    
#af4 ,,aft] ,,?irty-,,five ,,ye>s       
,by ,pr(essor ,fr$]ick ,j4 ,e4          
,woodbridge      #ae;c      #ag4 ,,on   
,,read+ ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,lit]ature 
,by ,lafcadio ,he>n                     
#ae;c                ,we are con/antly  
add+ new titles to ?is s]ies            
,address ,! ,educational ,dep>tm5t      
,,! ,,atlantic ,,mon?ly ,,press1 ,,inc4 
#h ,,arl+ton ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on 7#ag7     
,,atlantic ,,texts                      
,,textbooks ,,9 ,,libr>y ,,=m           
,,atlantic ,,classics1 ,fir/ ,s]ies     
#a4ej      ,,atlantic ,,classics1       

,second ,s]ies                          
#a4ej       ,bo? volumes collect$ &     
edit$ by ,,ell]y ,,s$gwick1 ,editor     
( ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly4       ,= classes 
9 ,am]ican lit]ature4      ,,essays ,,& 
,,essay-,,writ+                         
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,,william ,m4 ,,tann]1 ,univ]sity (     
,texas4       ,= lit]ature & composition
 classes4      ,,atlantic ,,n>ratives1  
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#a4be       ,= college use 9 classes    
/udy+ ! %ort /ory4      ,,atlantic      
,,n>ratives1 ,second ,s]ies             
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,bo? volumes collect$ & edit$ by ,,*>les
 ,,swa9 ,,?omas1       ,editorial       
dep>tm5t ( ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly ,press1 &
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,,atlantic ,,prose ,,& ,,poetry         
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lit]>y read] = upp] gramm> grades &     
junior high       s*ools4      ,,!      

,,pr(ession ,,( ,,j\rnalism             
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,,will>d ,g4 ,,bley]1 ,univ]sity (      
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,,mak]s                                 
#a4jj       ,by ,m4 ,a4 ,,dewolfe ,,h[e1
 ,editorial dep>tm5t ( ! ,atlantic      
,mon?ly ,press4       ,biographical &   
lit]>y matt] = ! ,engli% class4         
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,simmons ,college4       ,a %ort c\rse 9
 composition = colleges & normal s*ools4
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,pr9ciple & ! ,practice                 
#b4ej       ,edit$ by ,,/eph5 ,p4       
,,duggan1 ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new     
,york4       ,a basic text on           
int]national relations4      ,,!        
,,light3 ,an ,educational ,pageant      
4#fe       ,by ,,ca!r9e ,t4 ,,bryce1    
,yale ,univ]sity4       ,especially     
suitable = public pres5tation at        
,tea*]s'       ,conv5tions4             

,,patrons ,,( ,,democracy               
4#hj       ,by ,,dallas ,,lore ,,%>p1   
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int]e/$ 9 discuss+ democracy 9 our      
public       s*ools4      ,,am]icans    
,,by ,,adoption                         
#a4ej       ,by ,,joseph ,,husb&4       
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,,voice ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,9                
,,n9ete5?-,,c5tury ,,lit]ature          
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,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology4   
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#h ,arl+ton ,/reet1 ,bo/on 7#ag7        
,transcrib]'s ,note      ,9 ?is file1   
text 9 italics is indicat$ by           
und]scores1 & text 9  ,,small ,,caps is 
9 upp]case4    ,on page #bb1 ! 8#ae;c0  
:i* appe>s opposite title #ag 0 mov$    
opposite  ! "n ( ! au?or1 r ?an t ( !   
book title1 to mat*  ! o!r items 9 !    
table4 ,o!rwise1 z f> z possible1 !     
orig9al text 0 ma9ta9$4