,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ by ,italics & ,bold4 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ,febru>y #bh1 #ahfe4 ,mr4 ,neighb\r says 9 8 preface3 ,we are s frequ5tly appli$ to = advice oil matt]s connect$ ) bees & bee-hives1 t x seem$ likely to prove a great advantage to our correspond5ts & ourselves if we c\ld po9t to a 'h&y book' ( our own :i* %\ld conta9 full & detail$ replies suffici5t to meet all ord9>y inquiries4 ,keep+ ?is object /eadily 9 view1 ! writ] describes ! v>i\s hive's & api>ian app>atus manufactur$ by 8 firm1 po9t+ out ! v>i\s advantages claim$ = !m1 & giv+ ample directions = _! use4 ,:5 we add t ! au?or expresses 8 ackn[l$gm5ts to ,mr4 ,woodbury1 ,mr4 ,taylor1 ! illu/ri\s ,hub] & ,mr4 ,lang/ro?1 x may readily be imag9$ t ! in=mation d]iv$ f su* s\rces mu/ 9 ! ma9 be correct1 & t ,mr4 ,neighb\r1 9 addition to ! /rictly bus9ess portion ( 8 "w1 has be5 enabl$ to imp>t to 8 read]s a v consid]able am\nt ( s\nd in/ruction on mo/ po9ts ( ,api>ian managem5t4 ,f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ,may #bi1 #ahff4 ,mr4 ,neighb\r's book1 ! fir/ edition ( :i* 0 notic$ by u 9 ,febru>y #ahfe1 n[ makes its appe>ance 9 a new guise1 be+ r$uc$ f demy #hvo4 to cr[n #hvo41 :il/ ! numb] ( its pages is increas$ f #acd to #bgd1 ) b a slight increase 9 price4 ,9 addition to a description ( ! v>i\s hives & api>ian app>atus sold by ! well-kn[n firm ( :i* ! au?or is a memb]1 x conta9s a consid]able am\nt ( g5]ally accurate in=mation compil$ f ! be/ au?orities2 ,mr4 ,woodbury's contributions to our pages be+ 9 p>ticul> heavily drawn ^u4 ,a new feature 9 ?is edition is a c\ple ( /eel plates illu/rative ( ! anatomy ( ! bee1 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,rob9son ) 8 cu/om>y ability2 embrac+ also col\r$ del9eations ( ! ?ree sexes ( ! ,ligurian or ,italian v>iety ( honey-bee4 4 4 4 ,mr4 ,neighb\r possesses a v great advantage ov] a m]e compil]1 9 t he himself is a practical bee-keep]1 & div]s anecdotes ( 8 exp]i5ces are relat$ by him 9 a light & amus+ mann]4 ,= ?is reason also ! in=mation convey$ 9 8 pages is1 z we h already /at$1 v g5]ally correct4 ,a!num1 ,augu/ #ai1 #ahfe4 ,emanat+ f a h\se s well kn[n & s ext5sively patroniz$ by ! cultivators ( bees1 x w readily be conclud$ t ! object ( ! pres5t "w is prim>ily comm]cial4 ,! au?or1 a memb] ( ! firm1 9 giv+ ! reason = ! publication ( 8 book1 speaks 9 ! "n ( ! company4 ,we are1 he says1 s frequ5tly appli$ to = advice on matt]s connect$ ) bees & bee-hives1 t x seem$ likely to prove a great advantage1 alike to our correspond5ts & ourselves1 if we c\ld po9t to a 'h&y-book' ( our own1 :i* %\ld conta9 full & detail$ replies suffici5t to meet all reasonable inquiries4 ,?is is c&id & op51 & /&s 9 fav\rable contra/ to ! ord9>y puff+ books :i* aim to conceal "u ! aspect (t5 ( a sci5tific treatise ! boa/+ adv]tisem5t ( _! own w>es4 ,x is b ju/ice to ! respectable h\se f :i* ! pres5t little treatise issues to say t x fulfils its public object1 pres5t+ "o ( ! mo/ useful practical treatises on ?is mo/ int]e/+ pursuit :i* we h met )4 ,x does n pr(ess to ent] deeply into ! physiological m>vels ( ! habits ( bees2 x is1 9 fact1 meagre 9 ! sci5tific phase ( ! subject4 ,! v>i\s !ories conc]n+ ! propagation ( bees are n[h]e discuss$1#a & ! hypo!sis ( ,siebold is n ev5 allud$ to4#a ,b = ^? p]sons :o desire to "k h[ to procure good honey ) c]ta9ty1 & h[ to wat* 9 safety ! work+ ( ^! little untaught b un]r+ ma!maticians1 ! "w ( ,mr4 ,neighb\r w be f\nd v useful4 ,x also in=ms u :]e ! be/ hives ( e k9d & =m are to be obta9$--( c\rse1 ( ,messrs4 ,neighb\r ,sons4 ,footnote #a3 ,w be f\nd 9 ?ird edition4 ,! ,read]1 #bf ,augu/1 #ahfe4 ,! ,api>y2 or1 ,bees1 ,beehives1 & ,bee ,culture4 ,by ,alfr$ ,neighb\r4 7,k5t ,co47 ,?is valuable manual is1 :at x pr(esses to be1 a famili> acc\nt ( ! habits ( bees1 & ! mo/ improv$ me?ods ( managem5t1 ) full directions adapt$ = ! cottag]1 f>m]1 or sci5tific api>ian4 ,! writ] is a regul> en?usia/1 b an en?usia/ ^: practical k ( ! subject is made all ! m available to ! read] f ! v en?usiasm :i*1 z 9 ,virgil1 leaves n ! mo/ m9ute in/ruction untold4 ,nobody c write ab\t bees )\t quot+ poetry1 & ,mr4 ,neighb\r does ?is l>gely1 yet mo/ aptly4 ,,! ,,api>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,geo4 ,,neighb\r ,,sons' ,,bee ,,f>m1 ,,we/ ,,end1 ,,hamp/ead4--,see page #ccj4 ,,! ,,api>y2 ,,or1 ,,bees1 ,,beehives4 ,,& ,,bee ,,culture4 ,,be+ ,a ,,famili> ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,habits ,,( ,,bees ,,& ,,! ,,mo/ ,,improv$ ,,me?ods ,,( ,,managem5t4 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,neighb\r4 ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,,greatly ,,enl>g$1 ,,revis$1 ,,& ,,remodell$4 ,beauc\p de g5s aim5t les abeilles2 je n'ai vu p]sonne qui les aima mdiocrem5t3 on se passionne p\r elles4--,gelieu4 ,,london2 ,,k5t ,,& ,,co41 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[2 ,,geo4 ,,neighb\r ,,& ,,sons1 #adi1 ,,reg5t ,,/reet1 & #abg1 ,,high ,,holborn1 ,,& ,,all ,,booksell]s4 #ahgh4 ,hazell1 ,watson1 & ,v9ey1 ,pr9t]s1 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,illu/ration ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,,! pres5t issue ( our h&book may be fairly said' to be really a new "w4 ,n t ! great] portion ( x has be5 consecutively rewritt51 nor yet t ! l>g] half ( ! =m] matt] has :olly disappe>$2 b ! additions ( entirely new sections & half-sections1 ! transpositions ) a view to facilitat+ ref]5ce1 ! erasures ( :at is ei!r out ( date or only repetition--9 %ort1 ! ?or\gh ov]haul+ ( ! text f beg9n+ to end--are su* z to r5d] ! =m 9 :i* x is n[ pres5t$ a new book r ?an an ord9>y fre% edition4 ,fir/ z to our own dep>tm5t1 ! practical appliances4 ,! descriptions ( sev]al hives & app>atus t h gone out ( use h be5 remov$ to make room = ! mu* l>g] numb] ( new & improv$ inv5tions4 ,( ! eighte5 hives n[ describ$1 no less ?an a half are new introductions1 & ! same is ! case 9 great] or less degree ) ! sup]s1 ! cov]s1 & ! bee contrivances ( e k9d4 ,! *apt] on ,manipulation has be5 equally enl>g$1 hav+ ?r\gh\t be5 collat$ ) ! *apt]s on t bran* 9 ,mr4 ,lang/ro?'s ,honey ,bee4 ,= v _m valuable additions1 bo? l>ge & small1 we are !re=e indebt$ to t s\rce1 & we h also "s obligations to ackn[l$ge to ,mr4 ,*e%ire's ,practical ,bee-keep+4 ,x is 9 ref]5ce *iefly to ?is dep>tm5t t s _m transpositions h be5 made f ! arrangem5t ( ! matt] 9 =m] editions4 ,f9d+ t by giv+ ext5sive practical directions "u ne>ly e individual hive we 7 los+ mu* greatly ne$$ space by repetition1 & at ! same "t giv+ less complete in/ructions to ea*1 we h endeav\r$ :5 possible to comprise all ?is 9 articles ( a g5]al "*1 & to reta9 "u special hives or appliances su* only z 0 /rictly peculi> to !mselves4 ,! sy/em ( ref]5ces n[ c>ri$ out1 toge!r ) ! numb]+ ( sections & display+ ! numb]s 9 ! head-l9es ( e page1 w we tru/ remove ev5 t small app>5t inconv5i5ce :i* is ! accompanim5t ( a l>ge & sub/antial ga94 ,b p]haps m ?an all has ! e>li] "p ( our "w be5 enl>g$ & em5d$--t :i* treats on ! insect itself1 its natural hi/ory1 its reproductive economy1 its habits1 & its /ructure4 ,= ?is c\rse ( improvem5t we are l>gely indebt$ to ! v ma/]ly & exhau/ive treatise ( ,b>on von ,b]leps*1 ,die ,bi5e und ihre ,zu*t 9 bewegli*5 ,wab5 7,! ,bee & its ,culture 9 ,movable ,combs72 aft] ?is to ,dr4 ,dzi]zon's late/ "w1 ,rationelle ,bi55zu*t2 to ,s*mid & ,kle9e's ,leitfad52 to ,samuelson & ,hicks's ,honey ,bee2 to ,mr4 ,john ,hunt]'s v compreh5sive & readable ,manual ( ,bee-keep+2 & to ! ,briti% & ,am]ican ,bee ,j\rnals1 ! =m] = lett]s f correspond5ts1 & ! latt] also = ! v able articles by :i* t rem>kably well-conduct$ p]iodical is di/+ui%$4 ,to ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,smi?1 ( ! ,entomological ,dep>tm5t at ! ,briti% ,museum1 we h also to ackn[l$ge our indebt$ness = c\rte\s p]sonal communications r5d]$ m ?an once4 ,ref]5ce %\ld also be made to aid 9 ! translations f ! ,g]man ,treatises be=e m5tion$1 z well z to "s o!r lit]>y assi/ance :i* we hope has add$ to ! int]e/ ( ?is "w4 #adi1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,london1 ,augu/ #ahgg4 ,illu/ration ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,,our apology = prep>+ a bee-book is a v simple "o4 ,we are s frequ5tly appli$ to = advice on matt]s connect$ ) bees & beehives1 t x seem$ likely to prove a great advantage1 alike to our correspond5ts & ourselves1 if we c\ld po9t to a h&y book ( our own :i* %\ld conta9 full & detail$ replies suffici5t to meet all ord9>y enquiries4 ,mo/ ( ! api>ian manuals possess "s special excell5ce or o!r1 & we h no wi% to disp>age any ( !m2 yet 9 all we h f\nd a want ( explanations relat+ to sev]al ( ! m rec5t improvem5ts4 ,x has m especially be5 our aim to give explicit & detail$ directions on mo/ subjects connect$ ) ! hiv+ & remov+ ( bees1 & also to %[ h[1 by judici\s application ( ! depriv+ sy/em1 ! productive p[]s ( ! bees may be enorm\sly increas$4 ,we ne$ say little "h z to ! int]e/ t atta*es to ! api>y z a s\rce ( p]5nial pleasure = ! amateur naturali/4 ,_m ( ! hives & me?ods ( managem5t are describ$ ) a direct ref]5ce to ?is class ( bee-keep]s1 s t1 besides pla9 & simple directions suitable = cottag]s ) _! ord9>y hives1 ?is "w w be f\nd to include in/ructions useful = ! sci5tific api>ian1 or at lea/ valuable = ^? :o desire to ga9 a mu* wid] acqua9tance ) ! secrets ( bee-keep+ ?an is n[ usually possess$4 ,we w\ld lay /ress on ! t]m acqua9tance1 = !re is no?+ 9 ! managem5t ( ! v>i\s b>-&-frame hives :i* is at all difficult :5 frequ5t practice has r5d]$ ! bee-keep] famili> ) !m4 ,su* explicit directions are h]e9 giv5 z to h[ ! "r op]ations may be p]=m$ at ! "r times1 t a novice may at once comm5ce to use ! mod]n hives4 ,! ^w new-fangl$ has done good s]vice = ! indol5t & prejudic$1 b we tru/ t our read]s w be ( a v diff]5t class4 ,let !m give a fair trial to ! mod]n appliances = ! humane & depriv+ sy/em ( bee-keep+1 & !y w f9d (f]$ to !m an entirely new field ( int]e/ & obs]vation4 ,at pres5t our cont95tal neighb\rs f> surpass u z bee-ma/]s2 b we tru/ t ! foll[+ season1 if ! summ] be f9e1 w prove a turn+ po9t 9 ! c\rse ( ,engli% bee-keep+4 ,!re is little d\bt t a great] numb] ( intellig5t & influ5tial p]sons 9 ?is c\ntry w become bee-keep]s ?an has ev] be5 ! case be=e4 ,our task w\ld h lo/ half its int]e/ did we n hope t x w\ld result 9 some?+ beyond ! enc\ragem5t ( a ref9$ & int]e/+ amusem5t = ! leisurely classes4 ,! social importance ( bee-keep+1 z a s\rce ( pecuni>y pr(it = small f>m]s & agricultural lab\r]s1 has nev] be5 appreciat$ z x des]ves4 ,yet ^! p]sons w n1 ( !mselves1 lay aside ! bungl+ & wa/eful plan ( de/roy+ ! bees1 or le>n )\t be+ taught ! only prop] me?od1 t ( deprivation4 ,_! educat$ neighb\rs1 :5 once int]e/$ 9 ! pursuit1 w be ! p]sons to introduce ! m pr(itable sy/em ( humane bee-keep+4 ,! cl]gy especially1 z p]man5t resid5ts 9 ! c\ntry1 may h great influ5ce 9 ?is respect4 ,!re is n a rural or suburban p>i% 9 ! k+dom 9 :i* bee-keep+ might n be l>gely ext5d$1 & ! well-be+ ( all b ! v poore/ inhabitants w\ld be greatly promot$4 ,n only w\ld ! g5]al practice ( bee-keep+ add l>gely to ! national res\rces1 b t addition w\ld *iefly fall to ! %>e ( ^? classes to :om x w\ld be ( mo/ value4 ,moreov]1 9 ! c\rse ( ?us add+ to _! income1 ! un$ucat$ classes w\ld become int]e/$ 9 an elevat+ & in/ructive pursuit4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve t honey1 :e!r reg>d$ z a manufactur$ article or z an agricultural product1 is obta9$ "u economical conditions ( exceptional advantage4 ,if reg>d$ z a manufactur$ article1 we notice t !re is no outlay requir$ = lab\r1 nor any exp5se = raw mat]ial4 ,! indu/ri\s lab\r]s are eag] to utilise all _! /r5g?2 !y nev] comb9e except = ! b5efit ( _! ma/]1 !y nev] /rike = wages1 & !y provide _! own subsi/5ce4 ,all t ! ma/]-manufactur] ( honey has to d f9ancially is1 to make a little outlay = fix$ capital 9 ! ne$ful plant ( hives & ut5sils2 no float+ capital is ne$$4 ,!n1 on ! o!r h&1 if we reg>d honey z an agricultural product1 x pres5ts z su* a /ill m /rik+ contra/ to ! economi/s' !ory ( :at are ! requisites ( production4 ,n only is !re no outlay ne$$ = wages1 & none = raw mat]ial1 b !re is no?+ to be paid = use ( a natural ag5t4 ,e squ>e y>d ( l& 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom may come to be cultivat$1 z 9 ,*9a1 b no proprietor w ev] be able to claim r5t = ^? wa/e products ( ! fl[]s & leaves :i* none b ! w+$ work]s ( ! hive c ev] utilise4 ,! rec5t dome/ication 9 ,engl& ( ! ,ligurian or ,italian ,alp bee adds a new & additional s\rce ( int]e/ to bee-culture4 ,we h !re=e gone pretty fully into ?is "p ( ! subject2 & believe t :at is "h publi%$ ) reg>d to _! introduction embodies ! mo/ rec5t & reliable in=mation respect+ !m t is possess$ by ,engli% api>ians4#b ,footnote #b3 ,"s ( our api>ian fri5ds may be incl9$ to be disc\rag$ f cultivat+ ! ,ligurian bees 9 consequ5ce ( ! liability ( _! becom+ hybridis$ :5 locat$ 9 proximity to ! black bees4 ,we c dispel ^! fe>s by /at+ t we h n unfrequ5tly f\nd t hybrid que5s possess ! surpris+ fecundity ( ! g5u9e ,italian ones1 :il/ ! ,engli% /ocks 9 c\rse ( "t become /r5g!n$ by ! infusion ( =eign blood4 ,we are "u _m obligations = ! advice & assi/ance t we h on _m occasions receiv$ f ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,woodbury1 ( ,exet]1 ^: api>ian skill is unrivall$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,our ackn[l$gm5ts are also due to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,taylor1 au?or ( an excell5t ,bee-keep]'s ,manual1 = 8 help & c\nsel dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( our api>ian exp]i5ce4 ,bo? ^! g5tlem5 h frequ5tly communicat$ to u _! contrivances & sugge/ions1 )\t ?\ght ( fee or rew>d = !m4 ,9 common ) mo/ rec5t writ]s on bee-culture1 we are necess>ily l>gely indebt$ to ! /&>d works ( ,hub] & succe$+ api>ians4 ,f ! m rec5t volume ( ! ,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,lang/ro? we h also obta9$ useful in=mation4 ,b hav+ ourselves1 ( lat] ye>s1 _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! manipulation & practical managem5t ( bees1 we are enabl$ to confirm or qualify ! /atem5ts ( o!rs1 z well z to summ>ise in=mation glean$ f v>i\s s\rces4 ,let x be und]/ood t we h no pat5t$ devices to pu%2 we are free to *oose out ( ! _m api>ian contrivances t h be5 (f]$ ( late ye>s1 & we feel p]fectly at lib]ty to praise or blame z our exp]i5ce w>rants u 9 do+4 ,x does n foll[ t we necess>ily disp>age hives :i* are n describ$ h]e92 we h s\ght z mu* z possible to indicate ! pr9ciples on :i* good hives mu/ be con/ruct$1 :atev] _! outw>d size or %ape4 ,all ?r\gh ! "w1 we h endeav\r$ to adopt ! gold5 rule ( submission to ,nature by ref]5ce to :i* all ! fanci$ difficulties ( bee-keep+ may be easily ov]come4 ,9 none ( ! attempts ( m5 to hold sway ov] natural objects is ! tru? ( ,bacon's lead+ doctr9e m beautifully illu/rat$ ?an 9 ! p[] t ! api>ian ex]cises 9 ! little _w ( bees4 ,"s p]sons may consid] we h us$ too _m poetical quotations 9 a book deal+ :olly ) matt]s ( fact4 ,we tru/1 h[ev]1 t ! exam9ation ( ! extracts w at once remove t feel+ ( objection4 ,we v5ture to hope t ! foll[+ pages conta9 _m valuable h9ts & int]e/+ /atem5ts :i* may t5d to excite increas$ & r5ew$ att5tion to ! mo/ useful & indu/ri\s ( all insects4 ,al?\gh bees h nei!r reason nor religion = _! guide1 yet f !m man may le>n _m a lesson ( virtue & indu/ry1 & may ev5 draw f !m ?\ghts sugge/ive ( tru/ & fai? 9 ,god4 ,we beg leave to conclude our preface1 & introduce ! subject1 by ! foll[+ extract f ,%akespe>e1 :o1 )\t d\bt1 kept bees 9 t g>d5 at ,/rat=d :]e9 he us$ to m$itate3-- ,s "w ! honey-bees2 ,creatures t1 by a rule 9 ,nature1 tea* ,! art ( ord] to a peopl$ k+dom4 ,!y h a k+ & (fic]s ( sorts2 ,:]e "s1 l magi/rates1 correct at home2 ,o!rs1 l m]*ants1 v5ture trade abroad2 ,o!rs1 l soldi]s1 arm$ 9 _! /+s1 ,make boot ^u ! summ]'s velvet buds2 ,:i* pillage !y1 ) m]ry m>*1 br+ home ,to ! t5t royal ( _! emp]or3 ,:o1 busi$ 9 8 maje/y1 surveys ,! s++ masons build+ ro(s ( gold2 ,! civil citiz5s knead+ up ! honey2 ,! poor me*anic port]s cr[d+ 9 ,_! heavy burd5s at 8 n>r[ gate2 ,! sad-ey$ ju/ice1 ) 8 surly hum1 ,deliv]+ o'er to executors pale ,! lazy1 yawn+ drone4 ,%akespe>e's ,h5ry ,v41 ,act i4 ,sc5e #b4 ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts ,,introduction4 ,,page ,lit]ature ( ,bee-keep+ #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,bee z an ,insect4 ,,sec4 ,i4 ,classification #g ,,ii4 ,! ,que5 #h ,,iii4 ,! ,drone #ai ,,iv4 ,! ,work] #bg ,v4 ,! ,italian or ,ligurian ,bee #cd ,,vi4 ,o!r ,=eign ,v>ieties #de ,,vii4 ,faculties & ,functions #ed ,,viii4 ,eggs & ,trans=mations #ei ,,ix4 ,reproductive ,economy #fb ,x4 ,relation ( ,sex to ,cells #fg ,,xi4 ,! ,rationale ( ,sw>m+ #gb ,,xii4 ,increase ( ,bees #hb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,anatomy & ,physiology4 ,i4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks #hf ,,ii4 ,! ,head & ,organs ( ,s5sation #hh ,,iii4 ,! ,?orax & ,organs ( ,motion #ig ,,iv4 ,! ,abdom5 & ,secretive ,organs #ajb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,mod]n ,beehives4 ,i4 ,common ,cottag]'s ,hive #ajh ,,ii4 ,neighb\rs' ,cry/al ,palace ,skep #aji ,,iii4 ,! ,cottag]'s ,hive #aaj ,,iv4 ,an ,improv$ ,cottag]'s ,hive #aab ,v4 ,neighb\rs' ,improv$ ,cottag]'s ,hive #aac ,,vi4 ,! ,ladies' ,obs]vatory ,hive #abj ,,vii4 ,nutt's ,collat]al ,hive #abc ,,viii4 ,hub]'s ,hive #abg ,,ix4 ,! ,woodbury ,frame ,hive #acd ,x4 ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive #aci ,,xi4 ,neighb\rs' ,cottag]'s ,frame ,hive #adb ,,xii4 ,! ,philadelphia ,frame ,hive #adc ,,xiii4 ,*e%ire's ,frame ,hive #ade ,,xiv4 ,abbott's ,new ,frame ,hive #adf ,,xv4 ,! ,/ew>ton ,hive #adf ,,xvi4 ,! ,lan>k%ire ,hive #aee ,,xvii4 ,neighb\rs' ,unicomb ,obs]vatory ,hive--,outdoor #aeg ,,xviii4 ,neighb\rs' ,unicomb ,obs]vatory ,hive--,indoor #afb ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,fitt+s & ,app>atus4 ,i4 ,bee-,h\ses #aff ,,ii4 ,z9c ,cov]s #aga ,,iii4 ,wood ,cov]s #agb ,,iv4 ,quilts #ahj ,v4 ,bell ,glasses #ahj ,,vi4 ,b> ,sup]s #ahc ,,vii4 ,ekes & ,nadirs #ahf ,,viii4 ,impress$ ,wax ,%eets #ahg ,,ix4 ,comb ,f\ndations #aij ,x4 ,*e%ire's ,guide-,mak] #aia ,,xi4 ,b>-,frame ,hold] #aib ,,xii4 ,*e%ire's ,transf]r+ ,bo>d #aib ,,xiii4 ,honey ,cutt]s #aic ,,xiv4 ,! ,honey ,extractor #aic ,,xv4 ,*e%ire's ,nucleus ,hive #aig ,,xvi4 ,que5-,cages #aih ,,xvii4 ,que5 & ,drone ,prev5t] #bjj ,,xviii4 ,bee-,traps #bja ,,xix4 ,drone-,traps #bja ,,xx4 ,bee-,fe$]s #bjb ,,xxi4 ,fumigators #bjf ,,xxii4 ,bee-,dress or ,protector #bjh ,,*apt] ,v4 ,bee ,manipulation4 ,i4 ,hiv+ ,sw>ms #bab ,,ii4 ,transf]r+ ,sw>ms #bah ,,iii4 ,transf]r+ ,old ,/ocks #bbb ,,iv4 ,driv+ #bbf ,v4 ,unit+ ,colonies #bbi ,,vi4 ,artificial ,sw>m+ #bcc ,,vii4 ,que5-,re>+ #bdc ,,viii4 ,introduc+ ,new ,que5s #bdg ,,ix4 ,italianis+ #bea ,x4 ,g5]al ,h9ts on ,frame ,hives #bed ,,xi4 ,remov+ ,bees #bei ,,xii4 ,supply+ ,natural ,comb #bfa ,,xiii4 ,apply+ ,sup]s #bfd ,,xiv4 ,remov+ ,sup]s #bff ,,xv4 ,remov+ ,frames #bfh ,,xvi4 ,extract+ ,honey #bgd ,,xvii4 ,melt+ ,combs d[n #bge ,,xviii4 ,weigh+ ,hives #bgf ,,xix4 ,fe$+ #bgi ,,xx4 ,w9t] ,precautions #bhc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,miscellane\s ,in=mation4 ,i4 ,/+s3 _! ,prev5tion & ,cure #bhf ,,ii4 ,position ( ,hives #bib ,,iii4 ,pa/urage = ,bees #bic ,,iv4 ,honey #bif ,v4 ,poll51 or ,bee-,bread #bih ,,vi4 ,propolis1 or ,bees' ,cem5t #cjj ,,vii4 ,secretion ( ,wax #cjb ,,viii4 ,robb+ #cje ,,ix4 ,diseases ( ,bees #cjf ,x4 ,bee ,enemies #cae ,,xi4 ,bee-keep+ 9 ,london #cbb ,,xii4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks #ccb ,,app5dix4 ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb #cdg ,cases ( ,acclimatis+ ,bees #cdi ,philadelphia ,exhibition #cej ,cal$onian ,api>ian ,society #cea ,illu/ration ,,description ,,( ,,plates4 ,,plate ,i4 7,page #cd74 #a4 ,que5 bee4 #a;a4 ,ant5na ( ditto4 #a;b4 ,h9d leg ( ditto4 #a;c4 ,front view ( head ( ditto4 #a;d4 ,m&ible ( ditto4 #b4 ,work]1 or imp]fect female4 #b;a4 ,ant5na ( ditto4 #b;b4 ,h9d leg ( ditto1 inn] side %[+ ! poll5-bru%es4 #b;b99 ,ditto1 out] side %[+ ! poll5-basket4 #b;c99 ,side view ( head4 #b;c4 ,back view ( ditto1 %[+ ! junction ( ! gullet ) ! ?orax1 & position ( ! tongue & its app5dages4 #b;d4 ,m&ible4 #c4 ,male1 or drone4 #c;a4 ,ant5na ( ditto4 #c;b4 ,h9d leg ( ditto4 #c;c4 ,front view ( head ( ditto4 #c;d4 ,m&ible ( ditto4 ,a4 ,enl>g$ view ( ! w+4 ,b4 ,h9d edge ( =e w+1 %[+ ! ?ick5$ m>g91 & =e edge ( h9d w+1 %[+ ! hooks1 :i* hold on to ! ?ick5$ m>g9 ( ! =e w+1 & keep !m toge!r dur+ flight4 ,,plate ,,ii4 7,page #hf74 #a4 ,body ( a bee dive/$ ( ant5n1 legs1 & w+s1 %[+ ! anatomy ( ! ?orax & natural position ( ! /oma*4 #e994 ,! eyes4 a4 ,! /emmata4 bbb4 ,! muscles t move ! w+s4 c4 ,! ext]nal cov]+ ( ! ?orax4 ee4 ,! bases ( ! w+s4 d4 ,! honey-bag1 or fir/ /oma*4 f4 ,! v5tricle1 or true /oma*1 di/5d$ ) food4 g4 ,! rectum4 h4 ,! bili>y vessels4 i4 ,portion ( ! membran\s tissue l9+ ! inn] surface ( ! segm5ts1 & enclos+ ! /oma* & inte/9es4 #b4 ,! /oma* empti$ ( its cont5ts1 to %[ ! muscul> contraction ( ! v5tricle4 d4 ,! honey-bag4 f4 ,! v5tricle4 g4 ,! rectum4 h4 ,! bili>y vessels4 #c4 ,! ligula1 or tongue1 & its app5dages4 l4 ,! base ( ! ligula4 m4 ,! p>agloss4 n4 ,! maxill4 o4 ,! labial palpi4 p4 ,! tongue4 #d4 ,! /+ & its muscles4 s4 ,curv$ base ( ! out] %ea? enclos+ ! /+4 r4 ,muscles t move ! /+4 q4 ,! atta*m5t ( ! muscles to ! out] cov]+ ( ! abdom54 t4 ,poison-bag4 u4 ,gl&s connect$ ) ! poison-bag4 ,v4 ,honey-plates cov]+ ! muscles r1 & to :i* ! %ea?s ( ! /+ are atta*$ at s4 9999 ,base ( /+ connect+ ) ! poison-bag t4 99 ,tip ( ! same #d99 ,magnifi$ view ( po9t ( /+1 %[+ ! s]rations on ea* side4 #e4 ,?ree hexagonal prisms ( a bee's eye 7,swamm]dam74 #f4 ,abdom9al plates ( ! bee1 deta*$ to %[ ! wax cells4 #g4 ,eggs ( bee1 natural size1 & magnifi$ 7f ,raumur74 #h4 ,helm9?omorph\s or apodal l>va ( a bee 7,raumur74 ,illu/ration ,,illu/rations4 ,frontispiece4--,col\r$ view ( ,geo4 ,neighb\r & ,sons' ,api>y4 ,plate ,i4--,italian ,alp ,que51 ,drone & ,work] ,bees1 ) ,anatomical ,draw+s ,fac+ page #cd ,plate ,,ii4--,dissect$ ,bee1 ) ,illu/rations ( v>i\s ,memb]s ,fac+ page #hf ,common ,cottag]'s ,hive #ajh ,neighb\rs' ,cry/al ,palace ,skep #aji ,! ,cottag]'s ,hive #aaj ,improv$ ,cottag]'s ,hive #aab ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive 7,no4 #e7 #aac ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive 7,no4 #f71 no w9d[s #aai ,! ,ladies' ,obs]vatory ,hive #abj ,nutt's ,collat]al ,hive #abc ,woodbury's ,b>-frame ,hive 7wood7 #ace ,woodbury's ,s+le ,b> ,frame z tak5 f hive #ace ,woodbury's ,b>-frame ,hive 7/raw7 #acf ,woodbury's ,b>-frame ,hive 7glass7 #ach ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive 7wood7 #aci ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive 7/raw71 ) ,frame ,sup] #adb ,neighb\rs' ,cottag]'s ,frame ,hive 7wood7 #adc ,neighb\rs' ,philadelphia ,frame ,hive #add ,/ew>ton or ,ayr%ire ,hive #adg ,neighb\rs' ,outdoor ,unicomb ,hive #aeh ,neighb\rs' ,indoor ,unicomb ,hive #afb ,bee ,h\se = two ,hives--,front view #aff ,bee ,h\se = two ,hives--,back view #afg ,bee ,h\se = twelve ,hives--,front view #afi ,bee ,h\se = twelve ,hives--,back view #agj ,ornam5t$ ,z9c ,cov] #aga ,z9c ,cov] = ,cottag]'s ,hive #agb ,wood5 ,cov] = ,frame ,hive #agd ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive1 ) ,cov]1 ,/&1 & ,pair ( ,divisional ,sup]s--,back view #age ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive1 ditto--,clos$ front view #agf ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive & ,frame ,sup] 7glass71 ) l>ge ,cov] & on ,/&--,front view #agh ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive--,front view1 clos$ #agh ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,hive 7,no4 #ha74 ,wood ) ,/raw ,cr[n1 & ,l>ge ,w9d[ 9 close-fitt+ ,cov] & ,/& #agi ,bell & ,flat-%ap$ ,glasses 7#e v>ieties7 #aha ,payne's ,glasses #ahb ,flap-topp$ ,glass1 ) ,cov] = ,table #ahb ,woodbury ,glass-sid$ ,b> ,sup] #ahc ,b>-frame ,sup]--,glass ,sides & ,top1 ) ,%utt]s #ahd ,neighb\rs' ,new ,divisional ,sup] #ahd ,neighb\rs' ,new ,sectional ,sup] #ahe ,neighb\rs' ,new ,b>-frame ,hold] #aib ,honey ,cutt]s #aic ,honey ,extractor #aid ,neighb\rs' ,que5 & ,drone ,prev5t] #bjj ,neighb\rs' ,bottle ,fe$] #bjc ,neighb\rs' ,new ,c ,fe$]s #bjd ,neighb\rs' ,r\nd ,fe$]s #bje ,new ,wood ,fe$] #bjf ,fumigators 7#b illu/rations7 #bjg ,bee ,dress or ,protector #bji ,bee ,veil #baj ,contrivance = protect+ ,que5 ,cell #bdd ,guide ,comb ,glasses #bfc ,weigh+ ,hives #bgg ,bees at ,exhibition ( #ahfb #cdh ,ext]ior ( an ,api>y #ceb ,int]ior ( an ,api>y #cec ,illu/ration ,,introduction4 ,,lit]ature ,,( ,,bee-,,keep+4 ,,j a few words at />t+ on ! hi/ory ( ! bee 9 anci5t & mod]n lit]ature4 ,our "w is n a critical survey1 & /ill less an exhau/ive treatise2 b ev5 t popul> outl9e :i* x is our aim to produce seems defective )\t "s m5tion ( ! great bee-/ud5ts ( ! pa/4 ,we f9d ! fir/ def9itive description ( ! insect 9 ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals1 writt5 ab\t ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & comb9+ mu* s\nd sci5tific in=mation on our subject ) o!r /atem5ts :i* bett] in=mation has _h to reject4 ,a little be=e him liv$ ,ari/oma*us1 ( ,cilicia1 :o wrote works on agriculture & dome/ic economy :i* are lo/ to u except 9 a few quotations1 b ( :om we are told t he devot$ "s fifty-eight ye>s to a cont9ual obs]vance ( ! habits ( bees4 ,"o ,philiscus1 ( ,?asos1 is m5tion$ z ano!r ( _! vot>ies1 :o betook himself to a =e/ life 9 ord] un9t]rupt$ly to pursue _! /udy4 ,!n j aft] ! ,*ri/ian era came ,pl9y ! ,eld]1 f :om we le>n ^! few p>ticul>s ( ! two j nam$1 & ^: celebrat$ ,natural ,hi/ory1 :i* is ! "w r ( a /ud5t ?an ( a ma/]1 hon\rs ! bee ) an elaborate & int]e/+ description4 ,%ortly aft] him ,columella1 9 8 "w ,on ,ru/ic ,matt]s1 gave copi\s in/ructions on bee-keep+1 :i*1 ?\gh reproduc+ "s old] errors1 are greatly 9 advance ( any t _h appe>$1 & place him1 = ! accuracy t !y display1 at ! head ( ! api>ians ( antiquity4 ,!ophra/us1 ,celsus1 & ,v>ro mu/ also be rank$ among ! anci5t writ]s ^: att5tion 0 drawn to ?is indu/ri\s insect4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ r5[n$ ( classic works ^u ! subject is ! f\r? book ( ! ,georgics ( ,virgil1 9 :i* we are pres5t$ ) a m9ute treatise ^u bees & _! culture1 ) all ! s5se z well z nons5se t !n pass$ curr5t !reupon1 toge!r ) t mo/ beautiful passage 9 ! poet's writ+s1 ! /ory ( ! visit ( ,orpheus to ! %ades1 :i* is app5d$ by "o ( ^? incid5tal connect+-l9ks ( :i* anci5t poets 7 wont to avail !mselves4 ,9 m mod]n times ! pr9cipal writ]s h be5 ,swamm]dam4 ,! ,dut* naturali/2 ,m>aldi1 an ,italian ma!matician2 ,s*ira*1 a ,saxon cl]gyman2 ,raumur1 well kn[n = 8 !rmomet]2 ,bonnet1 a ,swiss entomologi/ & juri/2 ! fam\s ,dr4 ,john ,hunt]2 & above all ,francis ,hub]1 ( ,g5eva4 ,! la/ ( ^!1 ?\gh totally bl9d1 contriv$1 pr9cipally by ! aid ( 8 v intellig5t & pa9/ak+ assi/ant1 ,burn5s to accumulate a long s]ies ( m9ute obs]vations :i* h br\ght ab\t an entire revolution 9 ! sci5ce4 ,9 connection ) ,hub] mu/ be m5tion$ ,mlle4 ,jur9e1 :o1 by h] delicate microscopic exam9ations1 r5d]$ him ! mo/ important s]vices1 & gave m ?an "o valuable discov]y to ! _w4 ,at ! same p]iod liv$ ,dr4 ,john ,evans1 :o may be fitly /yl$ ! poet-laureate ( ! bee4 ,8 poem1 ,! ,bees1 f :i* we %all make num]\s quotations1 is writt5 ) great ta/e1 & comb9es1 ) r>e felicity1 sci5tific accuracy ( detail ) a poetic _s :i* nev] flags4#c ,a little lat] ?an ^!1 ?\gh 9 "p _! contempor>y1 came ,dr4 ,bevan1 ^: "n is /ill cit$ z among ! highe/ au?orities on ! subject1 & ^: "w1 ,! ,honey ,bee1 0 reg>d$ z its great text-book 9 our language1 till sup]s$$1 ) ! progress ( discov]ies1 by "o "u ! same title f ! p5 ( ! ,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,lang/ro?4 ,?is la/ g5tleman1 :o is a ,presbyt]ian m9i/] 9 ,ohio1 /&s und\bt$ly at ! pres5t day z ! =emo/ api>ian ( ! ,engli%-speak+ race4 ,b we are =c$ to admit t ! ,g]mans be> ! palm above u1 = all ! great advances 9 our k ( ! bee :i* h be5 made = a g5]ation h come f !m4 ,to ,dr4 ,dzi]zon1#d !re=e1 a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/ ( ,c>lsm>kt 9 ,silesia1 to ^: acute inve/igations ! great mass ( ^! are to be ascrib$1 mu/ be conc$$ a rank sc>cely second to t ( ,hub]2 :ile ,b>on von ,b]leps*1 ( ,coburg1 :o is ev] ready to foll[ up & improve ^u ! rese>*es ( ! great1 ma/]1 has beyond "q e>n$ = himself a position inf]ior to t ( ! ma/] alone4 ,( fam\s ,scot* writ]s we %\ld allude to ,bonn]1 ( ,glasg[1 :o liv$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 & ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,dunb>1 :o dates at ! beg9n+ ( ?is4 ,footnote #c3 ,dr4 ,evans's poem consi/$ ( f\r p>ts1 ( :i* only ?ree 7 ev] publi%$4 ,we possess an au?or's pres5tation copy 9 :i* is a writt5 memor&um t ! manuscript ( ! rema9d] _h be5 prep>$ = ! press1 & 0 /ill 9 ! keep+ ( ! family4 ,we h writt5 num]\s lett]s ) a view to track+ x out = publication2 b v rec5tly we h le>nt t ! only survivor ( n9e *ildr5 is unable at pres5t to discov] ! :]eab\ts ( ! docum5t4 ,dr4 ,evans 0 "s "t a physician at ,%rewsbury1 b remov$ into & di$ 9 ,wales4 ,footnote #d3 ,pron\nc$ ,dze]t-sohn4 ,"s ( ! above names1 x may n be amiss to add1 are n always spelt correctly by bee-writ]s4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ne>ly all ( !m1 copy+ ea* o!r1 omit ! acc5t 9 ,raumur 7,ray-oh-mewr71 :i* we f9d ,fr5* biograph]s unanim\s 9 ins]t+4 ,we h also se5 ,miraldi 9 a rec5t popul> "w1 :ile "o au?or _h a fancy to write ,hb]1 :i* is evid5tly a pure mi/ake4 ,( ! mass ( o!r names t press 9 ^u u x w be impossible 9 su* n>r[ limits to supply any details4 ,! lit]ature ( ! subject is truly enorm\s1 & all t we c d is to furni% a li/ 9 r\gh *ronological ord] ( ! m notewor?y ( ^? :o h 9 "s way r5d]$ s]vice to our acqua9tance ) ! bee4 ,besides ! great naturali/s ,l9nu & ,cuvi] we !re=e select ! foll[+3-- ,sixte5? c5tury4--,hill1 ,nikol ,jacob4 ,de ,proprietatibus ,apum 7anon47 publi%$ ab\t #aeaj4 ,sev5te5? c5tury4--,butl]1 ,pur*as1 ,go$>t1 ,swamm]dam1 ,sir ,c4 ,wr51 ,h>tlib1 ,g$de4 ,rusd51 ,ray 7) ,willughby & ,dr4 ,m4 ,li/]71 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,john 7( ,g]many74 ,eighte5? c5tury4--,m>aldi1 ,mme4 ,m]ian1 ,dr4 ,w>d]1 ,dr4 ,d]ham1 ,raumur1 ,?orley1 ,lyonnet1 ,vanire 7poet1 ( ,holl&71 ,dobbs1 ,rev4 ,/eph5 ,:ite1 ,s*ira*1 ,jans*a1 ,bonn]1 ,debraw1 ,?os4 & ,danl4 ,wildman1 ,gilb4 ,:ite1 ,mme4 ,vicat1 ,psl1 ,abb ,della ,rocca1 ,hubb>d1 ,keys1 ,bonnet1 ,riem1 ,dr4 ,jno4 ,hunt]4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4--,franois ,hub] 7) 8 son ,pi]re1 & ,burn5s71 ,latreille1 ,mlle4 ,jur9e1 ,spitzn]1 ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,dunb>1 ,hui%1 ,dr4 ,evans 7poet71 ,feburi]1 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 ,humphrey1 ,b>on von ,ehr5fels1 ,newport1 ,dr4 ,bevan1 ,gundela*1 ,"l ,br\gham1 ,pa/or ,oettl1 ,capt4 von ,bald5/e91 ,nutt1 ,payne1 ,taylor1 ,gold+1 ,maj4 ,munn1 ,woodbury1 ,qu9by 7( ,am]ica71 ,wagn] 7ditto74 ,( contempor>y writ]s 9 our own language1 we may1 9 addition to ,lang/ro?1 ref] to ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,cotton1 ,samuelson 7) ,dr4 ,hicks71 ,hunt]1 ,*e%ire1 & ,pettigrew2 :ile to ! ,g]man names already giv5 may be add$ ^? ( ,pr(essors ,leuck>t & ,von ,siebold1 ,drs4 ,dnh(f & ,k*5mei/]1 ,pa/ors ,kle9e & ,s*nfeld1 ,vogel1 ,da!1 ,ro!1 ,c\nt von ,/os*1 & ,s*mid1 ! editor ( ! ,bi55zeitung4 ,x is wor? not+ h[ l>ge is ! numb] ( api>ians ( diff]5t l&s to :om ! title ( rev]5d is prefix$4 ,b :ile conc$+ to ,g]many an unque/ion$ fir/ position 9 ! !oretical dep>tm5t1 we d n admit ! accuracy ( ,von ,b]leps*'s ass]tion t 9 all o!r c\ntries bee-keep+ is almo/ ?r\gh\t a m]e play?+ & amusem5t4 ,if ! ,b>on w\ld hon\r our isl& ) a visit1 we c\ld %[ him1 f "o end ( x to ! o!r1 a goodly numb] ( v diff]5t cases2 & ?\gh we h mu* to le>n1 & h n long gone sy/ematically to "w to le>n x1 !re are n want+ cle> & increas+ signs t ! "r c\rse is ent]$1 ^u1 & mu/ 9 "t secure correspond+ results4 ,9 ! ye> #ahgd 0 e/abli%$ ! ,briti% ,bee-keep]s' ,association1 ) "o ( ! fir/ entomologi/s ( ! day1 ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 at its head2 & "u its auspices !re h s9ce be5 held annual %[s at ! ,cry/al & ,alex&ra ,palaces1 at :i* bees !mselves1 _! dwell+s & p>aph]nalia1 & _! products1 h be5 submitt$ to ! aw>ds ( judges z well z to ! popul> inspection4 ,sev]al p]iodicals are ei!r :olly or 9 "p devot$ to apiculture1 & altoge!r appe>ances are heal?y & hopeful4 ,:ile !re=e we /ill d look = amusem5t f our bees1 we claim to exp]i5ce a m solid satisfaction z well4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,bee ,,z ,,an ,,insect4 ,i4 ,,classification4 ,,!re is a self-complac5cy 9 comm5c+ a subject sci5tifically1 s let u devote our fir/ half-page to def9+ ! place ( ! bee 9 ! animal k+dom4 ,! common ,engli% honey bee1 sometimes call$ ! black bee1 is kn[n by ! "n ( ,apis mellifica2 :ile ! new fav\rite1 ! ,italian or ,ligurian bee1 has obta9$ ! specific "n ( ligu/ica1 ?\gh naturali/s are n[ satisfi$ t ! two are only v>ieties ( a s+le species4 ,! g5us ,apis belongs to ! ord] ,hym5opt]a1 or membrane-w+$ insects1 :i* "s entomologi/s h subdivid$ into families & sections3 ( ^!1 "o family w comprise ! honey bees1 humble bees1 etc42 ano!r ! wasps1 ( :i* ! hornet is "o2 & o!rs respectively ! ants1 ! gall insects1 ! saw-flies1 & c]ta9 p>asites & o!r w+$ creatures ( little famili>ity4 ,! entire ord] belongs to ! class ,insecta1 & t to ! gr& division ,articulata1 or conjo9t$ animals4 ,9 ,engl& alone !re are #bej native species ( bee4 ,turn+ n[ to ! p>ticul> insect ) :i* we int5d to int]e/ ourselves1 we obs]ve t e hive or bee colony comprises 9 summ] ?ree di/9ct classes ( bees1 ea* class hav+ functions peculi> to itself1 & ess5tial to ! ma9t5ance & well-be+ ( ! community4 ,z ea* bee kn[s its own prop] duties1 !y all "w h>moni\sly & zeal\sly toge!r = ! common weal4 ,c]ta9 app>5t exceptions to ! good-fell[%ip ( ! bees w be h]eaft] notic$1 b ^! arise out ( ess5tial conditions 9 ! social economy ( ! bee community4 ,t honey bees %\ld live 9 society1 z !y d 9 hives1 is absolutely ne$ful4 ,a bee 9 an isolat$ condition is a v helpless delicate little creature1 soon susceptible ( cold1 & p>alys$ !reby unless able to jo9 h] companions be=e night comes on4 ,by congregat+ 9 l>ge numb]s bees ma9ta9 w>m?1 :atev] ! ext]nal temp]ature may be4 ,! ?ree classes ( bees are--! que5 bee1 or p]fect female2 ! work+ bees1 or undevelop$ females2 & ! drones1 or male bees4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,que51 appropriately /yl$1 by ,g]man bee-keep]s1 ! "m bee1 is ! only p]fectly develop$ female among ! :ole population ( ea* sep>ate colony4 ,?us h] maje/y indisputably sways h] sceptre by a div9e "r1 because %e lives & reigns 9 ! he>ts ( lov+ *ildr5 & subjects4 ,! que5 may v readily be di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( ! bees by ! great] l5g? ( h] body & ! comp>ative %ortness ( h] w+s2 h] legs are long]1 & are n furni%$ ) ei!r bru%es or baskets z ^? ( ! work+ bee1 =1 be+ con/antly f$ by ! latt]1 %e does n ne$ ^! implem5ts2 ! upp] surface ( h] body is ( a bright] black ?an ! o!r bees'1 :il/ h] col\r und]nea? is a yell[i% br[n2#e h] w+s1 :i* d n ext5d m ?an half ! l5g? ( h] body1 are s9ewy & /rong2 h] long abdom5 tap]s ne>ly to a po9t2 h] head is r\nd]1 h] tongue m sl5d]1 & mu* %ort]1 ?an t ( ! work+ bee1 & h] /+ is curv$4 ,h] movem5ts 9 ! hive are measur$ & maje/ic1 ?\gh :5 out ( h] prop] sph]e1 z at sw>m+ "t1 %e is di/+ui%$1 on ! contr>y1 by ! rapidity ( h] /eps4 ,%e has a peculi> sc5t1 :i* is s attractive to work]s1 t ,mr4 ,mahan1 ( ,philadelphia1 /ates he has sev]al times _h !m alight ^u 8 f+]s1 a mile away f 8 api>y1 aft] he _h be5 h&l+ ! royal "m4 ,footnote #e3 ,yell[ ,italian que5s =m an exception 9 po9t ( col\r4 ,see ,plate ,i4 ,fig4 ,i4 ,x is ! *ief function ( ! que5 to lay ! eggs f :i* all future bees orig9ate1 ! multiplication ( ! species be+ ! purpose ( h] exi/5ce2 & %e foll[s x up ) an assiduity simil> to t ) :i* ! work]s con/ruct combs or collect honey4 ,a que5 w lay 9 ! bre$+ season f #a1jjj to #c1jjj eggs a day4 ,bo? ,lang/ro? & ,von ,b]leps* h se5 que5s lay at ! rate ( six p] m9ute1 or m2 & ! latt] obs]v]1 on supply+ 8 que5 ) "s new empty comb1 f\nd at ! end ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs t %e _h laid #c1jba eggs1 :i* at h] obs]v$ spe$ %e w\ld accompli% 9 eight h\rs1 & ?us h sixte5 = re/4 ,%e kept up to ne>ly ?is rate = tw5ty days1 9 :i* %e fill$ #eg1jjj cells2 &1 :at is /ill m surpris+1 %e w5t on 9 l /yle = five ye>s1 dur+ :i*1 at ! l[e/ reckon+1 %e laid4 #a1cjj1jjj eggs1 or #cjj1jjj p] ye>4 ,b ) ord9>y que5s1 says ! ,b>on1 #a1bjj a day is excell5tly good "w1 & ?is rate f ,febru>y to ,septemb]1 ) all[ance = slack] p]iods1 w produce m ?an #aej1jjj bees 9 a ye>4 ,mo/ que5s1 says ,dzi]zon1 9 spaci\s hives & at a fav\rable season1 lay #fj1jjj 9 a mon?1 444 & a specially f]tile que51 9 ! f\r ye>s :i* %e on an av]age lives1 lays ov] a million eggs4 ,?is is inde$ a va/ numb]2 b :5 !re is tak5 into consid]ation ! multitudes requir$ = sw>ms1 ! con/ant less5+ ( _! /r5g? by dea? 9 v>i\s ways1 & ! _m casualties att5d+ !m 9 _! di/ant travels 9 se>* ( ! lusci\s /ore1 x does n seem t ! case is ov]/at$4 ,to keep up ^! heavy productive duties ! que5 requires to eat 9 correspond+ proportions1 & ^! %e v>ies1 or ! bees v>y !m = h]1 9 ! same ratio ) ! lay+ itself4 ,%e sucks honey f ! cells direct1 or has x suppli$ to h] by ! work]s2 &1 z an important additional fact1 ! latt] regul>ly n\ri% h] ) poll5 already p>tially dige/$ 9 _! own /oma*s4 ,9 a glass unicomb hive--:i* we %all h]eaft] describe--all ! movem5ts ( ! que5 bee may be trac$4 ,%e may be se5 ?ru/+ h] head into a cell to discov] :e!r x is occupi$ ) an egg or honey1 &1 if empty1 %e turns r\nd 9 a dignifi$ mann] & ins]ts h] long body--s long t %e is able to deposit ! egg at ! bottom ( ! cell2 %e !n passes on to ano!r1 & s cont9ues indu/ri\sly multiply+ h] labori\s subjects4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s :5 ! que5 is prolific1 & if x is an e>ly season1 t _m eggs are wa/$ = want ( unoccupi$ cells2 = 9 t case ! que5 leaves !m expos$ at ! bottom ( ! hive1 :]e !y are gre$ily dev\r$ by ! bees4 ,! que5 bee1 unlike ! great majority ( h] subjects1 is a /ay] at home4 ,on ! second or ?ird day ( h] pr9cess life %e usually sets out on ! all-important conc]n ( h] m>riage1 & :5 once ?is is satisfactorily accompli%$ %e nev] aft]w>ds leaves ! hive1 except to lead (f an emigrat+ sw>m4 ,evans1 ) prop] loyalty1 has duly furni%$ a gl[+ epi?alamium = ! que5 bee1 ?us3-- ,b n[1 :5 noontide ,sirius gl>es on high1 ,) him "y love asc5ds ! gl[+ sky1 ,f ve9 to ve9 swift %oots prolific fire1 ,& ?rills ea* insect fibril ) desire4 ,!nce1 ,nature1 to fulfil ?y prime decree1 ,:eels r\nd 9 wanton r+s ! c\rti] bee2 ,n[ %yly di/ant1 n[ ) bold] air1 ,he woos & w9s ! all-comply+ fair2 ,?r\gh fields ( e!r1 veil$ 9 vap\ry gloom1 ,!y seek ) amor\s ha/e ! nuptial room1 ,z er/ ! immortal pair on ,ida's height ,wrea!d r\nd _! noon ( joy ambrosial night4 ,! loyalty & atta*m5t ( bees to _! que5 is "o ( _! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ics2 !y con/antly supply h] ) food1 & fawn ^u & c>ess h]1 s(tly t\*+ h] ) _! ant5n--a fav\r :i* %e occasionally returns4 ,:5 %e moves ab\t ! hive all ! bees ?r\gh :om %e successively passes pay h] ! same homage2 %e exp]i5ces no inconv5i5ce f ov]cr[d+1 = ?\gh ! "p ( ! hive to :i* %e is j\rney+ may be ! mo/ popul\s1 way is imm$iately made1 ! common bees tumbl+ ov] ea* o!r to get out ( h] pa?1 s great is _! anxiety n to int]f]e ) ! royal progress4 ,a numb] ( !m (t5 =m a circle r\nd h]1 none v5tur+ to turn _! backs ^u h]1 b all anxi\s to %[ t respect & att5tion due to h] rank & /ation4 ,! maje/ic deportm5t ( ! que5 bee1 & ! homage paid to h]1 are1 ) a little poetic lic5ce1 ?us describ$ by ,evans3-- ,b m>k1 ( regal port & awful mi51 ,:]e moves ) measur$ pace ! insect que56 ,twelve *os5 gu>ds1 ) sl[ & solemn gait1 ,b5d at h] nod1 & r\nd h] p]son wait4 ,n ea/]n despots1 ( _! spl5d\r va91 ,c boa/1 9 all _! pomp1 a bright] tra9 ,( fe>-b\nd satraps2 n 9 bonds ( love ,c loyal ,britons m ob$i5t move4 ,"s modification has to be made1 h[ev]1 9 ! old ideas on ?is head1 ?\gh1 s long z x is und]/ood t ! rev]5ce ( ! bees = _! que5 is an (ficial & n a p]sonal rev]5ce1 x may be all[$1 except z to ! exi/5ce ( a regul> gu>d1 to be = ! mo/ "p true en\gh4 ,b ! gov]nm5t is a limit$ & n an absolute mon>*y1 = ! work]s (t5 impose _! own w ^u ! sov]eign4 ,?is homage1 moreov]1 is paid only to matron que5s1 z ,dr4 ,dunb> not$ :il/ exp]im5t+ on ! combative qualities ( ! que5 bee4 ,s long1 says he1 z ! que5 :i* surviv$ ! r5contre ) h] rival rema9$ a virg91 n ! slighte/ degree ( respect or att5tion 0 paid h]2 n a s+le bee gave h] food2 %e 0 oblig$1 z (t5 z %e requir$ x1 to help h]self2 &1 9 cross+ ! honey cells = t purpose1 %e _h to scramble1 (t5 ) difficulty1 ov] ! cr[d1 n an individual ( :i* got out ( h] way1 or seem$ to c>e :e!r %e f$ or />v$4 ,b no soon] did %e become a "m ?an ! sc5e 0 *ang$1 & all treat$ h] ) due att5tion4 ,! /+ ( ! que5 bee is utilis$ 9 deposit+ h] eggs1 & %e does n use x = ho/ile purposes except 9 combat ) h] si/] que5s4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? rem>ks t ?is =be>ance app>5tly arises f ! k t ! use ( ! /+ might prove fatal to h]self1 & ?us s]i\sly jeop>dise ! :ole hive4 ,he adds t %e w c>ry x to ! ext5t ( all[+ h]self to be torn limb f limb )\t an attempt at /++1 ?\gh if closely held 9 ! h& %e w sometimes use h] jaws1 :i*1 be+ m p[]ful ?an ^? ( o!r bees1 may occasion "s discom=t4 ,b %e admits ( no rival to h] ?rone2 almo/ h] fir/ act1 on com+ =? f ! cell1 is an attempt to te> op5 & de/roy ! cells conta9+ ! pup ( pr9cesses likely to become competitors4 ,%\ld x s happ5 t ano!r que5 ( simil> age does exi/ 9 ! hive at ! same "t1 !n1 if "o be n promptly de/roy$ by ! work]s1 z is n[ consid]$ to be ! rule1 ! two are usually br\ght into contact ) ea* o!r1 9 ord] to fight x out1 & decide by a /ruggle1 mortal to "o ( !m1 :i* is to be ! rul]2 ! /rong] ( c\rse is victori\s1 & rema9s supreme1 :ile h] rival ei!r falls dead or is left to die4#f ,ei!r ( ^!1 x mu/ be admitt$1 is a wis] me?od ( settl+ ! affair ?an x w\ld be to range ! :ole hive "u two di/9ct bann]s1 & s create a civil w>1 9 :i* ! memb]s ( ! rival b&s w\ld kill & de/roy ea* o!r = matt]s !y individually _h little or no conc]n ab\t4 ,! bees c>e n :i* que5 x is1 s long z !y are c]ta9 ( hav+ "o to rule ov] !m & p]petuate ! community2 inde$1 !y h be5 kn[n 9 "s cases to =m r+s r\nd ! respective combatants1 & ev5 to =ce !m to ! conflict if unaw>e ( ea* o!r's pres5ce4 ,b ,dr4 ,bevan tells u t !re d exi/ que5s :i* w n fight4 ,! work]s d n always decide3 ! matt] 9 su* case2 x is1 inde$1 no?+ uncommon1 says ,vogel1 = two fruitful que5s to be all[$ to live toge!r2 & we h _h in/ances ( ! same k9d ourselves1 )\t be+ able to give a reason o!r ?an t ! exceptions prove ! rule4 ,an ,italian que51 x is said1 is usually assi/$ 9 h] ?ird ye> by a y\ng] "m born 9 h] own hive4 ,footnote #f3 ,dr4 ,bevan m5tions examples bo? ( in/ant fatality & ( survival = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! /+ ( ! que5 is evid5tly less p[]ful ?an t ( work]s1 z h] poison-bag is small]2 & we le>n f ,von ,g9dly t he once succe$$ 9 induc+ a que5 to /+ him1 :5 ! effect 0 l little m ?an ! prick ( a ne$le4 ,kle9e also1 aft] p]sev]+ attempts1 0 once /ung by a que51 & s 0 ,h(fnann ( ,vi5na--! que5 9 ?is la/ case los+ !reby ! faculty ( lay+4 ,^! royal duels1 ?\gh no long] reg>d$ z ! inv>iable r\t9e1 h be5 abundantly te/ifi$ to by und\bt$ witnesses1 & "s ( ^! h d$uc$ a s+ul> law z gov]n+ ! combatants4 ,nei!r que51 x is said1 w /+ h] rival unless %e has h] at an advantage1 & c ?ru/ h] body b5ea? ! o!r's1 & inflict ! fatal ?ru/ )\t fe> ei!r ( receiv+ ano!r simultane\sly1 or ( be+ unable to )draw h] own /+4 ,if on ! contr>y ea* has grappl$ ! o!r 9 read9ess = mutual slaught]1 !y w at once sep>ate & comm5ce ! battle anew4 ,aft] p]us+ ! description giv5 above ( ! atta*m5t ( bees to _! que51 x may be easy to imag9e ! con/]nation a hive is ?r[n into :5 depriv$ ( h] pres5ce4 ,! bees fir/ make a dilig5t se>* = _! mon>* 9 ! hive1 & !n aft]w>ds ru% =? 9 imm5se numb]s to seek h]4 ,if ! se>* is unavail+ !y w return to ! hive & comm5ce :at ,lang/ro? calls a succession ( wail+s 9 ! m9or key1 :i* no exp]i5c$ bee-ma/] c mi/ake4 ,:5 su* a commotion is obs]v$ 9 an api>y ! compet5t api>ian w repair ! loss by giv+ a que54 ,! bees h g5]ally _! own rem$y = su* a calamity1 9 _! p[] ( rais+ a new que5 f among/ _! l>v2 b if nei!r ?is nor ! =m] means is available1 ! :ole colony gradually dw9dles & 9 "t dies (f4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od by :i* work+ bees provide a successor to ! ?rone :5 depriv$ ( _! que5 by accid5t1 or 9 anticipation ( ! fir/ sw>m1 :i* is always l$ by ! old que53-- ,!y select1 :5 n m ?an ?ree days old1 an egg previ\sly int5d$ = a work] bee--b a l>va w s]ve1 s x be n gr[n to its full size--& !n !y enl>ge ! cell s select$ by de/roy+ ! surr\nd+ p>titions2 !y ?us =m a royal cradle1 9 %ape v mu* l an acorn-cup inv]t$4 ,! *os5 embryo is !n f$ lib]ally ) a peculi> description ( nurture1 call$ by naturali/s royal jelly--a pung5t food compos$ ( honey & dige/$ poll51 & prep>$ by ! work] bees exclusively = ^? ( ! l>v t are de/9$ to become c&idates = ! hon\r ( royalty4 ,! effect ( ?is is bo? to p]fect & to ha/5 ! developm5t ( ! future insect1 s t in/ead ( a work] be+ produc$ at ! end ( tw5ty-"o days1 a que5 em]ges 9 ! r$uc$ t]m ( sixte54 ,b %\ld ! deprivation happ5 at a "t :51 ei!r f ! season or f abnormal circum/ances1 !re is no work] brood 9 ! hive1 ! bees w !n (t5 exhibit a s]ies ( curi\s & ev5 ludicr\s /ruggles1 :i* ,von ,b]leps* has aptly comp>$ to ! clut*+s at /raws made by a dr[n+ man4 ,!mselves individually are no suff]]s2 b bees look beyond !mselves1 & po/]ity !y mu/ h4 ,_! sole preoccupation1 !re=e1 is to raise drones & a que54 ,"s ( !m (t5 develop a capacity to lay drone eggs 7z expla9$ "u ix471 & mo/ ( ^! !y w c>efully *]i% = _! natural purpose1 b o!rs !y w surr\nd ) royal cells & fe$ ) royal jelly1 s t ! poor ?+s on hat*+ are soon dos$ to dea? 9 a frantic ef=t to *ange _! sex6 ,& if drone eggs are n to h& !y w ev5 try to hat* a que5 out ( a lump ( poll56 ,9 m s5ses ?an "o !n we see t :5 bees h lo/ _! que5 !y h lo/ _! head4 ,z curi\sly dissimil>1 ?\gh n discordant1 in/ances ( ! effect ( remov+ ! que5 f a hive1 we may m5tion t ,mr4 ,lang/ro? once tri$ ! exp]im5t = only two or ?ree m9utes1 :5 he _h all 9 confusion imm$iately1 & f\nd two days aft] t royal cells _h be5 prep>$2 :ile ,dr4 ,bevan once effect$ ! removal s quietly t = eighte5 h\rs all w5t on z usual1 & !n on a sudd5 ! fact became kn[n1 & ev]y?+ 0 *ang$ into agitation & di/raction4 ,%\ld a que5 s sep>at$ be deta9$ f h] subjects1 %e res5ts ! int]f]5ce1 refuses food1 p9es1 & dies4 ,! obs]vations ^u ! que5 bee ne$ful to v]ify ! above-m5tion$ facts c only be made 9 hives con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 ( :i* ! ,unicomb ,obs]vatory ,hive is ! be/4 ,9 ord9>y hives ! que5 is sc>cely ev] to be se52 :]e !re are sev]al r[s ( comb %e inv>iably keeps betwe5 !m1 bo? = w>m? & = great] security f dang]4 ,! writ] has frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 /ocks :i* h un=tunately di$1 t ! que5 0 "o ( ! la/ to expire2 & %e is always m difficult to ga9 possession ( ?an o!r bees1 be+ by in/9ct taught t %e is indisp5sable to ! welf>e ( ! colony4 ,! que5 enjoys a f> long] life ?an any ( h] subjects1 h] age v (t5 ext5d+ to f\r or ev5 five ye>s2 h] f]tility w1 h[ev]1 except 9 r>e cases1 h left h] long be=e t t]m1 or %e w lay only drone eggs1 s t z a g5]al rule a sub/itute is bett] f\nd = h] :5 %e has ent]$ h] ?ird ye>4 ,"u ! next section1 & ^? on ,reproductive ,economy & ,relation ( ,sex to ,cells1 z well z 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 "u ,que5 ,cages1 w be f\nd o!r in=mation connect$ ) ! que54 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,drone4 ,! drones are ! male bees2 !y possess no /+1 are l>g] & m hairy ?an ! work]s1 & may be easily di/+ui%$ by _! heavy motion1 ?ick-set =m1 & l\d] humm+4 ,!y h a /rong od\r1 :i* becomes v noticeable if sev]al ( !m are conf9$ 9 a box4 ,evans ?us describes ! drones3-- ,b n[1 :5 ,april smiles ?r\gh _m a te>1 ,& ! bright ,bull receives ! roll+ ye>1 ,ano!r tribe1 to diff]5t fates assign$1 ,9 ampl] cells _! giant limbs conf9$1 ,bur/ ?r\gh ! yield+ wax1 & :eel ar\nd ,on heavi] w+1 & hum a deep] s\nd4 ,no %>p5$ /+ !y boa/2 yet1 buzz+ l\d1 ,be=e ! hive1 9 ?reat5+ circles1 cr[d ,! unwieldy drones4 ,_! %ort proboscis sips ,no lusci\s nect> f ! wild ?yme's lips2 ,f ! lime's leaf no amb] drops !y /eal1 ,nor be> _! grooveless ?ighs ! foodful meal2 ,on o!rs' toils1 9 pamp]$ leisure1 ?rive ,! lazy fa!rs ( ! indu/ri\s hive4 ,yet (t1 we're told1 ^! seem+ idl]s %>e ,! pleas+ duties ( p>5tal c>e1 ,) fond att5tion gu>d ea* g5ial cell1 ,& wat* ! embryo1 bur/+ f its %ell4 ,b ,dr4 ,evans _h be5 told :at 0 n correct :5 he s\ght to dignify drones ) ! (fice ( nurs+ fa!rs 7brood bees z ! ,g]mans us$ to call !m71 = t task is und]tak5 by ! y\ng] ( ! work+ bees4 ,nor are !y ev5 utilis$ 9 ma9ta9+ w>m?1 = !y are expell$ j at a "t :5 w>m? is mo/ requir$4 ,no occupation falls to ! lot ( ! drones 9 ga!r+ honey1 nor h !y ! means provid$ !m by ,nature = assi/+ 9 ! lab\rs ( ! hive4 ,!y are ! prog5itors ( work+ bees1 & no?+ m2 s f> z is kn[n1 t is ! only purpose ( _! %ort exi/5ce4 ,9 a well-populat$ hive ! numb] ( drones is comput$ at f "o to two ?\s&4 ,naturali/s1 says ,hub]1 h be5 extremely emb>rass$ to acc\nt = ! numb] ( males 9 mo/ hives1 :i* seem only a burd5 to ! community1 s9ce !y appe> to fulfil no function4 ,b we n[ beg9 to disc]n ! object ( ,nature 9 multiply+ !m to su* an ext5t4 ,z fecundation _c be accompli%$ )9 ! hive1 & z ! que5 is oblig$ to trav]se ! expanse ( ! atmosph]e1 x is requisite t ! males %\ld be num]\s1 t %e may h ! *ance ( meet+ "s "o ( !m 9 h] flight4 ,7 only two or ?ree 9 ea* hive !re w\ld be little probability ( _! dep>ture at ! same in/ant ) ! que51 or t !y w\ld meet h] 9 _! excursions2 & mo/ ( ! females might ?us rema9 /]ile4 ,x is important = ! safety ( ! que5 bee t h] /ay 9 ! air %\ld be z brief z possible1 z h] l>ge size & sl[ness ( flight r5d] h] an easy prey to birds4 ,x is n n[ ?\ght t ! que5 always pairs ) a drone ( ! same hive1 z ,hub] seems to h suppos$4 ,on ! contr>y1 x w\ld appe> t ) bees1 z ) s _m o!r animals1 !re is a provision aga9/ su* int]bre$+4 ,mr4 ,john ,hunt]1 9 8 ,manual ( ,bee-keep+1 speaks ( ?is z am\nt+ to a law1 & ?us repres5ts ! fact z diametrically opposite to ,hub]'s conclusion4 ,b we believe ! "q to be complicat$ by ano!r--:e!r ! drones t inhabit a p>ticul> hive at any giv5 "t are regul>ly born ( ! same family ) t hive1 or :e!r !y are n v (t5 to be view$ z /rang]s )9 ! gates4 ,at all ev5ts1 x appe>s e/abli%$ t ! que5 & drones )9 a hive d wat* ea* o!r's movem5ts :5 ! =m] is ab\t tak+ h] nuptial flight1 & t ! union is sometimes consummat$ close at h&1 ?\gh c]ta9ly nev] attempt$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! hive itself4 ,?is la/ circum/ance1 :i* by all acc\nts is absolutely inv>iable1 w\ld seem to be ! ext5t ( ! provision1 & x is "o t 9 ord9>y circum/ances w\ld preclude ! recurr5ce ( 9-&-9 bre$+4 ,a confirmation ( ^! views is af=d$ f ! int]e/+ exp]i5ce ( ,capta9 von ,bald5/e9 ) 8 "o ,italian /ock ma9ta9$ by itself = sev5 ye>s1 :o f\nd t all ?is "t1 ) "o exception1 ! "y que5s produc$ ba/>d work]s1 cle>ly prov+ t all b t "o 7 impregnat$ by ! drones ( o!r colonies4 ,! drone t happ5s to be ! select$ husb& is by no means s fav\r$ z at fir/ sight might appe>1 = x is a law ( ,nature t ! bridegroom does n survive ! w$d+-day4 ,8 dea?1 h[ev]1 is d\btless g5]ally in/antane\s1 :]eas 9 o!r case x w\ld probably h be5 "o ( torture or />vation4 ,9 #ahfg ! ,g]man api>ian ,von ,klip/e9 0 witness ( an in/ance ( ! w$d+ c]emony1 :5 a "y que51 :o 0 lead+ a sw>m1 became deta*$ f x & settl$ ^u a currant bu%1 :]e %e 0 jo9$ by a drone2 aft] a few seconds ! two flew away toge!r = ?ree y>ds & !n fell to ! gr\nd1 :5 ! que5 dis5gag$ h]self1 & ! drone 0 f\nd to be dead4 ,b we le>n f ! ,am]ican ,bee ,j\rnal1 ( ,m>* #ahfa1 t two simil> cases 7 obs]v$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "s ye>s e>li] ?an ?is4 ,! latt] ( ^! two agre$ ) ! above 9 %[+ ! imm$iate dea? ( ! male bee1 ! rule z to :i* is also confirm$ by a fact notic$ by ,mr4 ,lang/ro?1 t if a drone is tak5 betwe5 ! f+]s & squeez$1 z "o w\ld squeeze a wasp to cause protrusion ( ! /+1 x w give a crack & %rivel up dead z if /ruck by lightn+4 ,! in/ance 9 po9t 0 also communicat$ to ! ,bee ,j\rnal ?r\gh ?is g5tleman1 x hav+ be5 notic$1 on a ,july aft]noon 9 #ahfj1 by 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,g>y1 ( ,col]a9e1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! que5 0 return+ f a presumably unsuccessful flight1 :5 a drone met h] at ab\t ?ree feet f ! hive entrance2 a %>p snap 0 he>d almo/ directly1 & ! male fell to ! gr\nd p]fectly dead4 ,! o!r case 0 witness$ by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,millette1 ( ,:item>%1 ,p5nsylvania1 & occurr$ 9 ,june #ahei1 dur+ ! process ( hiv+4 ,a "y que5--!re 7 f\r 9 ! sw>m--0 obs]v$ on ! w+1 & 9 a mom5t aft] 0 seiz$ by a drone4 ,aft] fly+ ab\t a rod !y bo? came to ! gr\nd 9 close contact2 444 ! drone 0 ab\t dep>t+ 7hav+ brok5 loose7 444 b aft] crawl+ ab\t 444 9 a v few m9utes x expir$--! circum/ance be+ probably q exceptional 9 ?is lapse ( m9utes1 & x is un=tunate t we h no in=mation z to ! imm$iate or subsequ5t effect ^u ! que54 ,z a g5]al rule ! royal lady1 n meet+ drones /raightway ^u h] issue f ! hive1 sp5ds a little "t 9 reconnoitr+ h] home1 & !n1 (t5 n till h] second day's exit1 sails away high into ! air1 & sometimes to a consid]able di/ance horizontally z well4 ,a ,r5frew%ire ,bee-keep] /ates 9 ! ,briti% ,bee ,j\rnal1 ( ,may #ahgg1 t an und\bt$ in/ance _h come to 8 k 9 :i* a common que51 locat$ five miles di/ant 9 a bee-l9e measur$ ^u ! ,ordnance map1 _h become impregnat$ by "o ( 8 own ,italian drones--^! be+ positively ! only ,italians 9 ! entire di/rict4 ,on ! que5's return--t is1 suppos+ h] object to h be5 a*iev$--%e w exhibit ! male organ adh]+ to h] extremity1 & sometimes %e is unable to free h]self ( x1 nor c ! bee-keep] give h] any assi/ance )\t ! risk ( effects z fatal to h]self z !y 7 to h] sp\se4 ,! explanation ( ?is s]ies ( ph5om5a lies 9 ! /ructure ( ! organ itself4 ,x is simply ! exp&$ prolongation ( ! sem9al duct1 & is atta*$ to ! orifice l ! sleeve ( a coat to ! %\ld]1 b is :olly int]nal4 ,to be protrud$ x mu/ !re=e be turn$ lit]ally inside out1 & to effect ?is a p[]ful inflation is requir$1 9 :i* act ! =ces ( ! sy/em are 9 "s way fatally ruptur$2 :ile1 z ,pr(essor ,leuck>t v rationally d$uces--?us cle>+ up ano!r my/]y--x is only :5 ! brea?+ vessels are fill$ by motion 9 ! air t ! drone is able to accompli% x at all4 ,!n ! s+ul> scales & protub]ances ) :i* ! organ is beset r5d] x :5 once ins]t$ v difficult ( )drawal1 ev5 if its own] 7 n already dead4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? rem>ks z to ! design ( ?is seem+ly h>% provision t 9 default ( x ! que5 w\ld be compell$ to rema9 ) ! drone mu* long] 9 ! air1 ?us incurr+ f> great] dang] ( fall+ a prey to "s pass+ bird4 ,aft] all x is und\bt$ly "o ( ^? in/ances z to :i* x may be said ( ,nature1 9 ,t5nyson's words3-- ,s c>eful ( ! type %e seems1 ,s c>eless ( ! s+le life4 ,h] maje/y1 al?\gh ?us left a wid[$1 is by no means a sorr[ful bride1 = 9 f two to ?ree days %e becomes ! happy "m ( a l>ge family4 ,su* at lea/ is ! normal rule1 b %\ld ! season be late 9 ! autumn %e may n comm5ce lay+ till ! foll[+ spr+4 ,x _c be said t %e pays no respect to ! memory ( h] dep>t$ "l1 = %e nev] m>ries aga94 ,once impregnat$--z is ! case ) mo/ insects--! que5 bee cont9ues productive dur+ ! rema9d] ( h] exi/5ce4 ,! sw>m+ season be+ ov]--t is ab\t ! end ( ,july1 :5 ! ga!r+ has mat]ially slack5$--a g5]al massacre ( ! lazy fa!rs %ortly foll[s4 ,dr4 ,bevan obs]ves t n[ _! "w is complet$1 !y are reg>d$ z useless consum]s ( ! fruits ( o!rs' lab\r3 love is at once conv]t$ into hate1 & a g5]al proscription takes place4 ,= x 0 love1 ! drones hav+ previ\sly be5 pett$ & f$ ) prep>$ poll5 9 ! same way z ! que5 h]self4 ,von ,b]leps* describes ! "w ( de/ruction z comm5c+ ) ! ca/+ =? ( ! drone brood j issu+ f ! cells1 aft] :i* ! l>v & nymphs are simil>ly treat$4 ,!n ! drones !mselves are *as$ f ! honey /ores1 & a wat* is kept to prev5t _! access !reto4 ,on f9d+ x hopeless !y cr\* away toge!r 9 corn]s1 till1 :5 ?or\ghly exhau/$ by hung]1 ! work]s drive !m out "o by "o1 & !y die ) cold & hung]3 v few ( !m are /ung4 ,?is "w goes on night & day1 & occasionally !y collect to die 9 su* a heap be=e ! flight-hole t !re is a dang] ( _! suffocat+ ! hive4 ,disabl$ or useless work]s are dealt ) 9 an equally summ>y fa%ion2 b 9 ! case ( a sup]-annuat$ que51 ! be/ op9ions are t %e is all[$ to take h] own quietus4 ,suppos+ ! drones come =? 9 ,april or ,may1 :i* is ! usual p]iod1 !n1 z _! de/ruction takes place some:]e ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ,augu/1 ?ree or f\r mon?s w be ! ord9>y ext5t ( _! exi/5ce2 b %\ld x s happ5 t ! developm5t ( ! que5 has be5 ret>d$1 or t ! hive has by *ance be5 depriv$ ( h]1 ! massacre ( ! drones is def]r$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 case ( ! cutt+ %ort ( ! ga!r+ season by bad wea!r1 x occasionally happ5s at an e>li] date--ev5 s soon z ,may4 ,n[ & !n a drone or two escape1 & prolong _! lives ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,work]4 ,! work+ bees =m by f> ! mo/ num]\s ( ! ?ree classes conta9$ 9 ! hive4 ,!y are ! smalle/ ( ! bees2 9 col\r !y are d>k br[n or ne>ly black 7except ! ,italians & o!r =eign v>ieties71 & !y are di/+ui%$ by _! activity ^u ! w+4 ,z to _! numb]s 9 a colony1 an ord9>y fir/ sw>m f a /raw hive1 says ,von ,b]leps*1 conta9s f twelve to tw5ty ?\s&1 b ,i h _h l>ge wood hives 9 :i*1 at a mod]ate computation1 !re 7 liv+ at ! end ( ,june ab\t a hundr$ ?\s& bees3 f ?irty to fifty ?\s&1 h[ev]1 w bett] repres5t ! /r5g? ( an av]age /ock 9 an ,engli% hive4 ,! work]1 ?\gh =m]ly spok5 ( "u ! t]m neut]1 is ( ! same sex z ! que51 b is only p>tially develop$1 & ?us1 ) "s exceptions 7see ix471 x is incapable ( lay+ eggs4 ,b any egg :i* w\ld ord9>ily produce a work] bee may1 by ! cell be+ enl>g$ & ! royal jelly suppli$ to ! l>va1 be hat*$ into a mature & p]fect que54 ,?is mo/ curi\s fact may be v]ifi$ 9 any api>y by mo/ int]e/+ exp]im5ts1 :i* are capable ( be+ turn$ to important use4 ,! lives ( ! work] bees v>y v greatly1 & are mu* m prolong$ dur+ ! repose ( w9t] ?an 9 ! we> & te> ( ! ga!r+ season4 ,von ,b]leps* describes ?ree c>eful sets ( exp]im5ts :i* he c>ri$ out = ! purpose ( atta9+ m exact k on ?is po9t4 ,9 "o ( ^! he introduc$ an ,italian que5 into an ord9>y /ock at ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] :5 all ! old brood 0 hat*$2 he !n f\nd z a result t ! la/ ( ! common bees _h disappe>$ at ! end ( ,may1 s t "s ( !m = a c]ta9ty liv$ eight mon?s1 & possibly m1 ?\gh x seems mo/ probable t ! la/ to die 7 also ! late/ born4 ,9 ano!r case1 ! que5 hav+ di$ at ! comm5cem5t ( w9t]1 he /rictly isolat$ ! hive1 &1 ! season be+ exceptionally mild1 he f\nd t "s ( ! bees cont9u$ alive = t5 & a half mon?s4 ,8 rema9+ exp]im5t bore ^u ! summ] t]m ( exi/5ce1 & x result$ 9 exhibit+ six weeks z ! av]age1 & ?ree mon?s z ! outside possible p]iod ( lifetime4 ,dzi]zon po9ts out ! diff]5ce produc$ by ! "* ( a bee's employm5t4 ,to h to fly a long di/ance to its pa/urage w soon we> x out1 & s w knock+ its w+s aga9/ %>p leaves1 z is ! case ) ! bluebottle1 ! ?ick corn amid :i* ?is plant gr[s r5d]+ ! effect v mu* worse4 ,b if1 he adds1 !y pass ! summ] 9 entire repose1 z a hive )\t a que5 may d1 !n1 if well f$1 _! lives may be prolong$ = a ye> or ev5 m4 ,! population ( a hive is v small dur+ ! w9t] 9 comp>ison ) ! va/ numb]s ga!r+ produce 9 ! summ]--produce :i* !y !mselves live to enjoy b = a %ort p]iod4 ,s t n only1 z ( old1 may lessons ( indu/ry be le>n$ f bees1 b !y also tea* self-d5ial to mank9d1 s9ce !y lab\r = ! community r ?an = !mselves4 ,dr4 ,bevan1 9 describ+ ! age ( bees1 ?us adapts ! well-kn[n l9es ( ,hom] 9 allusion to ! fleet+ g5]ations ( m53-- ,l leaves on trees ! race ( bees is f\nd1 ,n[ gre5 9 y\?1 n[ )]+ on ! gr\nd2 ,ano!r race ! spr+ or fall supplies1 ,!y droop successive1 & successive rise4 ,) reg>d to ! functions ( work] bees1 ,hub] suppos$ t !re 7 two di/9ct classes1 "o act+ z ga!r]s ( /ore & ! o!r z nurses ( brood4 ,?is h[ev] has be5 demon/rat$ to be a mi/ake1 = ! di/9ction is n "o ( class1 b simply ( age1 ! y\ng] work]s1 = ! fir/ two or ?ree weeks ( _! exi/5ce1#g assum+ ! :ole ( ! inn] or home occupations--viz41 ^? ( fe$+ ! l>v1 ! que51 & ! drones1 & ( mak+ wax1 build+ comb1 & clos+ ! cells1 z well z keep+ ! hive 9 a /ate ( cleanl9ess--& ^! duties !y reta9 until !mselves suffici5tly vigor\s to range ! fields 9 que/ ( supplies4 ,aft] ?is t]m ( appr5tice%ip !y ent] ^u ! lab\rs ( adult bees1 & collect honey1 poll51 & propolis--p>ticul>s z to :i* functions1 & t ( wax secretion1 w be f\nd 9 ! ?ird & f\r? sections ( our next *apt]1 & 9 ! sections devot$ to ^! f\r items 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,wat] & salt are also br\ght 9 to aid 9 ! su/5ance ( ! "y brood4 ,! old] bees p]=m ! duties ( ! y\ng] :5 !re are none or insuffici5t ( ! latt] 9 ! hive2 b !y w hang ab\t p]fectly idle if kept at home by wea!r :5 !re is a full /aff ( _! y\ng] si/]s4 ,^! la/1 on ! contr>y1 _c possibly supply ! places ( ! old] until at ! v lea/ !y h atta9$ _! elev5? or twelf? day4 ,footnote #g3 ,g]man obs]vations cit$ by ,von ,b]leps* give f t5 to n9ete5 days4 ,! ,b>on gives provisionally ! sixte5? day z ! rule4 ,! fir/ sport+ be=e ! hive is giv5 at f ! f\r? to ! t5? day4 ,ano!r ( ! v>i$ duties p]=m$ by ! y\ng] work] bees is t ( v5tilat+ ! hive by fann+ ) _! w+s4 ,on a w>m day a numb] ( !m may be se5 locat$ outside on ! alight+-bo>d work+ ^! app5dages at ! utmo/ velocity s z to drive a curr5t ( pure air )92 :ile inside1 b n exactly opposite to _! comrades1 are ano!r troop1 :o by ! same process are engag$ 9 driv+ ! f\l air out4 ,o!r deta*m5ts are 9 ! hotte/ wea!r po/$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! int]ior1 & ! :ole relieve ea* o!r 9 pickets4 ,hub] asc]ta9$ t ! inside air ( a hive is ?us pres]v$ ne>ly z pure z t )\t4 ,9 old] works on ! subject we are told ( ! s5t9els ( bees1 b ?is idea is n[ ab&on$ z a fiction4 ,x arose naturally en\gh out ( ! above (fice ( fann]s1 z well z f ! fact t if a rap be giv5 ^u ! alight+-bo>d a bee w imm$iately appe> )\t4 ,s too if dang] appe>s1 & if any bees are outside ei!r z fann]s or = _! own relief f ! heat1 ^! w promptly p]=m ! duties ( s5t9els4 ,b z to any ( !m be+ po/$ specially = t purpose1 x is suffici5t to say t at ! season :5 enemies are mo/ to be fe>$ !re are no gu>ds at ! gates to be f\nd4 ,x has be5 mu* qu]i$ :e!r bees ev] g to sleep dur+ ! work+ season1 z x is kn[n t at night1 :5 n ga!r+ abroad1 !y are engag$ 9 ceaseless activity at home4 ,hub]1 h[ev]1 obs]v$ frequ5t in/ances ( bees plac+ _! heads' 9 empty cells & rema9+ p]fectly motionless 9 t position = f fifte5 to tw5ty-five m9utes1 9 8 op9ion evid5tly asleep4 ,von ,b]leps* has repeat$ly obs]v$ simil> occurr5ces bo? ) work]s & que5s--n ) drones1 b !n1 says he1 :at is ! :ole life ( ^! b sleep8--& he consid]s t !re c exi/ ^u ! po9t no d\bt :atev]4 ,! m active ! bees are1 he rem>ks1 ! m w !y sleep1 l e creature4 ,! foll[+ passage f ,dzi]zon describes 9 a popul> way ! r\nd ( ! bees' conc]ns z !y v>y ) ! seasons3 ,9 spr+1 :5 all ,nature has awak5$ to a new life1 ! activity ( ! hive is especially direct$ to ! increas+ ( ! /ock1 ! lay+ ( eggs2 at fir/1 inde$1 none b work] eggs are laid1 & at ! outset only a few hundr$ cells 9 a day1 b aft]w>ds ?\s&s1 z e hive seeks 9 ! fir/ place to make its own cont9uance secure4 ,:5 gradually ! numb] ( bees has ?r\gh ! daily augm5tation become p]ceptibly increas$1 :5 ! pa/ures h m fully unfold$ !mselves1 & ! w>m? 9 ! hive has rea*$ a high] degree1 !n1 9 ! confid5ce ( /r5g? & ( a sort ( maturity1 & hav+ reg>d to ! remot] object ( increase ?r\gh connubial relations1 drone brood is also laid4 ,f9ally1 al?\gh n 9 e case1 9 great] or less numb] que5 cells are prep>$4 ,z soon z "o or o!r ( ^! is seal$ ov]1 ! old que5 feels no long] safe 9 ! hive1 & leaves x on a f9e day at noon ) ! s-call$ '=e-sw>m4'444 ,9 mo/ ye>s & mo/ di/ricts ! bee /ore has pass$ its climax & ent]$ ^u its decl9e aft] ! sw>m+ p]iod4 ,! activity ( ! bees n[ takes ano!r direction4 ,9 ord] to leave ov] z mu* honey z possible = ! provisionless season t /&s be=e !m1 a sy/em ( sav+ is n[ pursu$4 ,to comp5sate = ! unavoidable loss ( population f ! j\rneys abroad1 a c]ta9 quantity ( work] brood is /ill cont9ually set on1 b to a limit$ ext5t1 :ile ! bre$+ ( drones is n only giv5 up1 b ! already deposit$ drone brood is usually ?r[n out1 & ! drones !mselves1 z no long] ( any use1 are expell$ f ! hive4 ,comb-build+ too1 :i* ! bees s eag]ly c>ri$ on 9 ! spr+1 n[ re/s entirely1 z x w\ld consume honey1 & at ! fir/ autumn ga!r+ ! bees 9 fact fill all cells to h& ) honey1 ?\gh previ\sly ^! may = ! mo/ "p h s]v$ = brood-re>+4 ,_! activity is n[ b5t to secur+ _! future position by accumulat+ ! l>ge/ possible /ore ( honey1 & pres]v+ !mselves aga9/ draughts & cold by /opp+ up ! holes 9 _! dwell+ ) propolis1 & n>r[+ ! too wide flight-holes2 & ^! c>es g5]ally occupy !m s long z ! temp]ature is ( su* a degree t !y c /ill make _! flights1 :i* is up to ab\t #ac degrees ,raumur say #fj ,fahr44444 ,:5 !re is no?+ m to ga!r1 ! bees1 9 ord] to save /r5g? z well z honey1 fly out no long]1 ev5 on ! f9e/ days1 b pres]ve !mselves 9 complete repose1 & only und]take1 aft] sev]al days1 an occasional sport be=e ! hive on "s w>m noonday1 s z to cleanse !mselves once m be=e ! w9t]4 ,dr4 ,evans addresses & describes ! work] bee 9 two passages ( su* real beauty t we _c refra9 f giv+ !m a place "h3-- ,ye light-w+$ lab\r]s6 hail ! auspici\s sign1 ,:5 ! tw9 />s 9 rival spl5d\r %9e6 ,*e]$ by _! beams1 y\r quick5+ numb]s swell1 ,& pant y\r nations 9 ! cr[d$ cell4 ,bli! ,maia calls1 & bids h] jocund tra9 ,brea! ! w>m gale1 or s(tly fall+ ra92 ,inhal$ at e pore1 ! dewy flood ,spreads ! "y leaf1 & wakes ! sleep+ bud4 99 99 99 99 99 ,yes1 light-w+$ lab\r]s6 /ill unwe>i$ range ,f fl[] to fl[]1 y\r only love ( *ange6 ,/ill be y\r envi$ lot1 communion r>e1 ,to wrea! cont5tm5t r\nd ! br[ ( c>e6 ,no nice di/9ctions1 or ( ri* or great1 ,%ade ! cle> sun%9e ( y\r peaceful /ate2 ,nor ,av>ice !re unfolds h] dragon w+1 ,nor rack$ ,ambition feels ! scorpion /+2 ,y\r temp]$ wants an easy weal? disp5se1 ,! public /ore y\r only afflu5ce3 ,= all alike ! busy f]v\r gl[s4 ,alike ye lab\r1 & alike repose2#h ,free z ! air1 yet 9 /rict ord] jo9$1 ,unnumb]$ bodies ) a s+le m9d4 ,"o royal head1 ) ev]-wat*ful eye1 ,re9s & directs y\r re/less indu/ry4 ,builds on y\r love h] firm-cem5t$ ?rone1 ,& ) h] p's safety seals h] own4 ,footnote #h3 ,omnibus una quies op]um1 labor omnibus unus4 ,virgil1 ,g4 iv4 #ahd4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4 ,e4 ,w4 ,rob9son1 ,delt4 et ,scp4 #ahfe4 ,v4 ,,! ,,italian ,,or ,,ligurian ,,bee4 ,a new1 or r a re-discov]$1 v>iety ( bee has rec5tly be5 br\ght into practical use among/ api>ians 9 ,g]many & ,am]ica1 z well z 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x has be5 call$ ! ,yell[ ,italian ,alp ,bee1 & 0 also nam$ ! ,ligurian ,bee by ! ,m>quis de ,sp9ola1 :o f\nd x 9 ,pi$mont 9 #ahje2 & he consid]$ x to be ! pr9cipal species kn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,!re c exi/ no d\bt1 says ,kle9e1 9 8 h&book1 ,! ,italian ,bee & its ,culture1 t bo? k9ds 7 kn[n side by side f ! e>lie/ times4 ,ev5 my?ology relates t ,jupit]1 out ( gratitude = _! hav+ f$ him ) honey :5 a new-born god1 aft]w>ds made ! bee 'brass-col\r$' or 'gold5-col\r$4' ,ari/otle also notic$ ! col\r$ z diff]5t f ! black bee1 & ,virgil adduces ! same di/9ction4 ,! latt] speaks ( ! be/ k9d ( bee z be+ ( a gold5 col\r ) ruddy scales4 ,x is /at$ t x is f\nd also 9 ,spa94 ,lead+ api>ians are all b unanim\s 9 pron\nc+ ^! bees ju/ly entitl$ to ! high "* giv5 !m4 ,! special advantages claim$ = !m are--great] fecundity ( ! que5s1 m indu/ry & productiv5ess1 less irascibility1 & a m h&some appe>ance2 =1 be+ ( a gold5 col\r1 !y are pretti] ?an our black bees4 7,see col\r$ engrav+1 ,plate ,i4 ,figs4 #a1 #b1 #c47 ,! ,italian v>ies b little f ! common bee 9 its physical *>act]i/ics4 ,! diff]5ce 9 appe>ance consi/s 9 ! fir/ ?ree r+s ( ! abdom5 be+ ( an orange col\r in/ead ( a deep br[n1 except ! po/]ior edge & "u portion ( ! ?ird1 :i* are black3 "s individuals1 h[ev]1 h less col\r ab\t !m ?an o!rs--! y\ng] bees f> ! mo/4 ,^! orange-col\r$ p>ts are transp>5t :5 closely exam9$ ) ! sun %9+ on !m4 ,! drones are m d>kly r+$ ?an ! work]s1 & are light-yell[ b5ea?1 :i* is an infallible m>k ( di/9ction f ! ,engli% drones1 :i* are ne>ly :ite 9 t "p2 _m are also a f\r? "p small] ?an ! ,engli%4 ,! que5s v>y greatly3 ,! f9e/ & r>e/1 says ,von ,b]leps*1 are bright yell[ v>y+ into a blui%4 ,o!rs r resemble ! work]s1 exhibit+ only yell[ r+s2 & a few are v difficult or impossible to di/+ui% f our own4 ,f ?is we see t ! ,italian is n a con/ant race1 l1 e4g41 our own or ! ,egyptian4 ,x is n[ ov] ?irty ye>s s9ce att5tion 0 recall$ to ?is v>iety by ,capta9 von ,bald5/e91 :o1 :5 /ation$ 9 ,italy dur+ a "p ( ! ,napoleonic w>s1 _h obs]v$ t ! bees ab\t ,lake ,como 7 ( a diff]5t col\r f ord9>y ones4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 aft] 8 retirem5t f milit>y life1 he became a /ud5t ( natural hi/ory1 &1 rememb]+ ^! bees1 he procur$ a colony ( !m 9 #ahdc4 ,?is he pres]v$1 ?r\gh con/ant disappo9tm5ts1 = sev5 ye>s1 & 9 #ahdh he communicat$ to ! ,bi55zeitung ! d$uctions ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,f ?is ,dr4 ,dzi]zon 0 induc$ to pursue ! exp]im5t1 & f him ! v>iety became introduc$ 9 ,g]many4 ,! introduction ( ?is new v>iety ( bee into ,engl& 0 ?r\gh our ag5cy4 ,m4 ,h]mann1 a bee-cultivator at ,tam9s-by-,*ur1 ,canton ,grison1 ,switz]l&1 wrote to u on ! #e? ( ,july1 #ahei1 (f]+ to supply u ) ,italian que5 bees4 ,! date %\ld be specially not$1 because ?is 0 ! comm5cem5t ( a new era 9 bee-keep+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we 7 always 9 fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! late ,mr4 ,h4 ,taylor1 au?or ( ,! ,bee-keep]'s ,manual1 & !n correspond5t on ,bee ,culture to ! ,cottage ,g>d5] 7s9ce call$ ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture72 &1 be+ 9 ! practice ( frequ5tly discuss+ api>ian subjects ) him1 we told him ( ! (f] made u ( a new k9d ( bee4 ,he said he knew no?+ ab\t x himself1 b ask$ p]mission to publi% ! intellig5ce 9 ! j\rnal he 0 connect$ )1 & we ass5t$1 entirely = public int]e/ & to gratify him4 ,! lett]1 or an extract f x1 appe>$ accord+ly 9 ! curr5t numb] ( ! j\rnal ref]r$ to4 ,prior to ?is ! ,italian1 or1 z _m h call$ x1 ! ,ligurian bee1 0 ,,unkn[n ,,9 ,,?is ,,c\ntry1 except to a few naturali/s4 ,! same lett] attract$ ! att5tion ( t intellig5t api>ian1 ! late ,t4 ,w4 ,woodbury1 ,esq41 s well kn[n z ! ,devon%ire ,bee-keep]4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,july1 t is1 a =tnight aft] ,m4 ,h]mann's (f]1 we receiv$ a consignm5t ( ,italian bees--! fir/ import$ into ,engl&4 ,) ^! ,mr4 ,woodbury also receiv$ "o que5 bee & a few work]s1 :i* he introduc$ into a hive ( ,engli% bees f :i* ! que5 _h be5 remov$4 ,8 ef=ts 7 v successful1 & ! spr+ ( #ahfj f\nd him 9 possession ( f\r ,ligurianis$ /ocks4 ,8 subsequ5t exp]i5ce ) ?is new v>iety he fully describ$ 9 a communication to ! ,ba? & ,we/ ( ,engl& ,agricultural ,j\rnal4 ,subsequ5tly ,m4 ,h]mann s5t u a copy ( 8 pamphlet entitl$ ,! ,italian ,alp ,bee2 or1 ! ,gold-,m9e ( ,husb&ry1 ) ! reque/ t we %\ld h x translat$ f ! ,g]man1 & t copies ( x %\ld be pr9t$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,x 0 spe$ily publi%$ by u accord+ly1 &1 al?\gh s+ul> z a lit]>y production1 x may be useful = ! advanc$ api>ian4 ,c]ta9ly ! bees are p>tially ( an orange or gold5 col\r1 & if "o c\ld believe ! gold5 anticipations indulg$ 9 by ,m4 ,h]mann respect+ !m1 ^! w\ld be suffici5t to id5tify ! ,italian bee z ! species describ$ by ,hood 9 ,miss ,kilmansegg--^? :i* dwelt 9 ,a gold5 hive1 on a gold5 bank1 ,:]e gold5 bees1 by al*emical prank1 ,ga!r gold in/ead ( honey4 ,9 ! pamphlet ref]r$ to1 ,m4 ,h]mann gives ! foll[+ description ( :at he insi/s on designat+ z ,apis helvetica3 ,! ,yell[ ,italian ,alp bee is a m\nta9 insect2 x is f\nd betwe5 two m\nta9 *a9s to ! "r & left ( ,lomb>dy & ! ,rhetian ,alps1 & comprises ! :ole t]ritory ( ,tic9o1 ,val ,tell9a1 & ! s\!rn ,grisons4#i ,x ?rives up to ! height ( #d1ejj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & appe>s to pref] ! nor!rn clime to ! w>m]1 = 9 ! s\? ( ,italy x is n f\nd4 ,! ,alps are _! native c\ntry1 !re=e !y are call$ ,yell[ ,alp or tame h\se bees1 9 contradi/9ction to ! black ,european bees1 :i* we might call common =e/ bees1 & :i*1 on ! slighte/ t\*1 fly l lightn+ into y\r face48 ,footnote #i3 ,o!rwise ,tess91 ,veltl9 7,fr5* ,valtel9e71 & ! s\!rn ,graubnd54 ,von ,b]leps* names ! localities !y inhabit z ,g5oa1 ,v5etia1 ,lomb>dy1 & ! s\!rn valleys ( ! ,grisons bord]+ ^u ,italy4 ,z all good & noble ?+s 9 ! _w are m sc>ce ?an common ones1 s !re are m common black bees ?an ( ! noble yell[ race1 :i* latt] inhabit only a v small piece ( c\ntry1 :ile ! black ones are at home ev]y:]e 9 ,europe1 & ev5 9 ,am]ica4 ,our own exp]i5ce ) ! ,italian bee enables u to corroborate ! /atem5ts :i* h be5 made 9 its fav\r4 ,we f9d ! que5s m prolific ?an ^? ( ! common k9d1 & ! quantity ( honey produc$ is great]4 ,^! two facts /& z cause & effect3 ! bees be+ multipli$ m quickly1 ! /ore ( honey is accumulat$ m rapidly1 & ! ,italian bees consume1 if any?+1 less food ?an ! common k9d4 ,:5 ( pure ,italian blood ^! bees are1 by "s api>ians1 ?\ght to be h>di] ?an our own4 ,t !y =age = /ores ) great] eag]ness1 & h little hesitation 9 pay+ visits to o!r hives1 we c te/ify f our own obs]vation4 ,! foll[+ anecdote w illu/rate _! intrusive prop5sities2 ,ano!r bee-keep]1 :o liv$ 9 ! same neighb\rhood1 0 once inspect+ our hives1 :51 on obs]v+ ! yell[ bees1 he exclaim$1 ,n[ ,i h f\nd out :]e ^? /range-look+ bees come f2 =1 said he1 ^! yell[-jackets are incessant visitors to my hives4 ,i ?\ght !y 7 a species ( wasp t _h come to rob1 & until n[ ,i h be5 unable to acc\nt = _! appe>ance at ! entrance ( my hive1 s t ,i h kill$ !m by hundr$s4 ,?is 0 n at all pleas+ intellig5ce = u1 & we tru/ t our neighb\r has be5 m l5i5t to ! yell[-jackets s9ce 8 visit1 = su* summ>y capital puni%m5t 0 :olly unm]it$1 because :5 a bee is peaceably receiv$ 7see page #afi7 x becomes naturalis$1 & works side by side ) ! o!rs 9 its fre% abode4 ,we are incl9$ to believe t m visit+ takes place among/ bees ( diff]5t hives ?an bee-keep]s h be5 accu/om$ to suppose2 b :]e ! ,italian & black bees are kept ne> ea* o!r1 ! =eign]s be+ conspicu\s by _! light] col\r1 !re is less difficulty 9 id5tify+ !m :5 at ! entrance ( o!r hives4 ,von ,b]leps*1 we f9d1 rem>ks t !re exi/s dur+ ! ga!r+ season a species ( communism ( dwell+s betwe5 ! bees ( neighb\r+ hives4 ,! ,italian bees are m active ?an common bees :5 on ! w+4 ,!y are also obs]v$ to "w long] h\rs ?an o!r bees bo? e>ly & late1 z well z 9 seasons :5 ! latt] w n /ir abroad4 ,?us altoge!r !y are mu* m productive4 ,9 _m seasons we h _h m honey f an ,italian /ock ?an f any "o ( our colonies ( black bees4 ,f ?is hive we h tak5 a glass sup] conta9+ =ty p\nds nett ( honey1 besides hav+ drawn f x an artificial sw>m2 & aft] all x rema9$ ! /ronge/ hive 9 our api>y4 ,9 a private lett] receiv$ f ,mr4 ,lang/ro? he in=m$ u t 9 ! season ( #ahfe he br$ ov] #cjj ,italian que5s2 ^! he dissem9at$ to v>i\s' bee-ma/]s on ! ,am]ican cont95t1 & ! unit$ op9ion ( api>ians 9 t c\ntry 0 increas+ly 9 fav\r ( ! decid$ advantage ( ! cultivation ( ! ,italian bee4 ,at ! pres5t date x is lit]ally all ! rage ) bee-keep]s !re4 ,) ourselves !re is a quiet] b n less g5u9e welcome accord$ to x4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,bee ,j\rnal = ,may #ahgg1 ! di/+ui%$ api>ian ,a ,r5frew%ire ,bee-keep] writes3 ,aft] c>eful /udy & comp>ison ( bo? ,i f\nd ! ,italian sup]ior = beauty1 prolificness1 p[]1 & activity1 & 7to my view ! greate/ value ( all7 = fre% blood4 ,to ! te/imonies already cit$ we w n[ add t ( ! late ,mr4 ,woodbury4 ,! foll[+ is extract$ f ! pap] contribut$ by him to ! ,ba? & ,we/ ( ,engl& ,agricultural ,j\rnal3 ,f my /ronge/ ,ligurian /ock ,i took eight artificial sw>ms 9 ! spr+1 besides depriv+ x ( num]\s brood-combs4 ,f9d+1 9 ,june1 t ! bees 7 collect+ honey s fa/ t ! que5 c\ld n f9d an empty cell 9 :i* to lay an egg1 ,i 0 reluctantly compell$ to put on a sup]4 ,:5 ?is _h be5 fill$ ) ?irty-eight p\nds ( ! f9e/ honeycomb1#aj ,i remov$ x1 & z ! /ock hive 7a v l>ge "o7 c\ld n conta9 ! multitude ( bees :i* issu$ f x1 ,i =m$ !m into ano!r v l>ge artificial sw>m4 ,! =ego+ facts speak = !mselves2 b z in=mation on ?is po9t has be5 v g5]ally ask$1 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t ,i believe ! ,ligurian honey bee inf9itely sup]ior 9 e respect to ! only species t we h hi!rto be5 acqua9t$ )4 ,footnote #aj3 ,?is sup] 0 exhibit$ at our /& 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb4 ,! *orus ( praise is n h[ev] univ]sal4 ,mo/ noticeable is ! broad div]g5ce ( views betwe5 ! two greate/ api>ians ( ,g]many--,dr4 ,dzi]zon & ,b>on von ,b]leps*4 ,! =m] pron\nces ?is bee less giv5 to /++1 less s5sitive ( cold1 m prolific1 e>li] 9 brood-rais+ & sw>m+1 =w>d] also 9 comb-build+1 m indu/ri\s & honey-yield+1 m c\rage\s 9 def5ce ( its /ores1 & prompt] 9 expell+ ! drones4 ,! ,b>on exam9es ^! & o!r ass]tions "o by "o1 & decl>es emphatically t1 aft] a long c\rse ( exp]i5ce1 he has n f\nd !m true 9 a s+le p>ticul>4 ,he calls ! bee ! ,italian humbug1 & sums up z foll[s3 ,:ile x may p]haps be di/+ui%$ f our own by a some:at slight] disposition to /+1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x beg9s build+ drone comb & rais+ numb]s ( drones 9 ! fir/ ye>1 & its que5s gr[ unf]tile s e>ly1 & t mo/ly at s inopportune a "t1 x /&s manife/ly inf]ior to our own 9 a relation ( economic utility1 & has !re=e = u no practical value at all4#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,9 our previ\s editions ,von ,b]leps*'s views 7 cit$ z /rongly fav\rable to ! ,italian bee4 ,! *ange is 8 own1 & he n[ makes full recantation ( 8 error4 ,?\gh we are un%ak5 9 our adhesion to ! ,italian bee by ^! opposite views1 x is impossible to treat !m z b5ea? consid]ation4 ,!y are n a m]e prejudice1 = ! ,b>on 0 at fir/ z mu* prepossess$ 9 ! /rang]s' fav\r z any "o4 ,b x w\ld be /ill less possible to set aside on _! acc\nt ! unit$ te/imony ( ,dzi]zon1 ,lang/ro?1 & a ho/ ( o!rs :o are above delusion on su* a po9t4 ,h[ !n c we acc\nt = ?is "o notable div]g5ce8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 mu* ( ,von ,b]leps*'s data are negative only1 & negative evid5ce c nev] set aside positive2 ?us :5 he tells u t he has n obs]v$ e>li] activity or great] c\rage or less s5sitiv5ess1 :ile o!rs ( unque/ion$ judgm5t h obs]v$ ^! po9ts1 we _c hesitate to decide 9 ! fav\r ( ! latt]4 ,z to less disposition to /+1 ! positive evid5ce %\ld be on ! ,b>on's side :5 he says t !y d /+2 b 9 ?is case1 z we h se51 he p>tly conc$es ! po9t4 ,z to productiv5ess & fecundity1 !re may be "s undetect$ peculi>ity ab\t ?is bee to :i* some?+ 9 ! ,seeba* api>y or neighb\rhood is n s cong5ial z 9 o!r p>ts4 ,at all ev5ts4 ,dr4 ,dzi]zon is unmov$ f 8 fai?1 = we f9d him 9 ! pres5t ye> giv+ z ! result ( tw5ty-five ye>s exp]i5ce t ?is bee is z g5tle1 dilig5t1 & prolific z x is beautiful2 t x be>s our ,g]man climate well1 & t its pres]vation 9 purity is ) "s c>e q possible4 ,/ill "s p]sons are sure to be disappo9t$ ) a =eign bee1 j z "s w be ) a =eign c\ntry4 ,"s h _h _! expectations rais$ too highly1 & expect wond]ful results to foll[ )\t ef=t2 o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 are s wrapt up 9 ! new treasure t !y *]i% x ) va/ly great] pa9s ?an _! o!r bees1 & ?us attribute to ! bee itself :at is p>tly to be cr$it$ to _! own sup]ior c>e4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ) reg>d to ! great] fecundity ( ! que5s1 we ?9k "s all[ance ought to be made = ! circum/ance t 9 ord] to meet ! dem& = ,italian que5s !y are be+ cont9u\sly br$1 s t :5 unit$ to ,engli% /ocks !y are always "y & 9 ! prime z to f]tility2 :il/ ! common black que5s are all[$ to exi/ 9 ! hives _! appo9t$ "t1 z !re is no?+ to call = enc\rag+ _! special propagation4 ,9 mak+ comp>isons we ?9k ?is fact has be5 a little ov]look$2 b ?\gh too mu* may h be5 ?us cr$it$ to ! ,italians1 we ?9k !re is a cle> balance on ?is po9t 9 _! fav\r1 & !y reta9 altoge!r our mo/ decid$ pref]5ce4 ,,vi4 ,,o!r ,,=eign ,,v>ieties4 #a4 ,c>niolan ,bees4--,9 appe>ance ?is v>iety is v mu* l our ,engli% bee4 ,! diff]5ce is t ! r+s on ! abdom5 are :it]2 o!rwise 7except by a close obs]v]7 "o w\ld n be kn[n f ! o!r4 ,eight ye>s ago ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,cotton 7bro!r ( ,"l ,ju/ice ,cotton & au?or ( ,my ,bee ,book7 _h a /ock ( ^! bees f ,au/ria1 :]e !y are l>gely cultivat$1 & he left !m "u our *>ge4 ,we plac$ !m 9 our own api>y at ,hamp/ead1 :]e !y did v well1 work+ a capital sup] 9 ! fir/ ye>1 z well z p>t+ ) a f9e sw>m4 ,! second ye> ,mr4 ,cotton _h ! sw>m s5t to 8 own api>y1 ne> ,*e/]1 because he want$ ! orig9al que51 :i* ( c\rse ?is _h ) x4 ,?is sw>m _h r a rem>kable adv5ture1 & 0 ne>ly lo/1 z relat$ at page #gh4 ,! ,c>niolans h be5 prais$ z possess+ simil> good qualities ) ! ,italians1 & ?\gh ,von ,b]leps* laughs at !m & calls !m a new gr& sw9dle1 yet1 z he decl>es !m to be closely alli$1 if n altoge!r id5tical1 ) ! foll[+ v>iety1 = :i* he has only good reports1 8 d5unciations ( ^! seem reasonably op5 to qualification4 #b4 ,l[] ,au/rian ,bees4--,b>on von ,b]leps* m5tions ^! z a v>iety :i* he f\nd1 to 8 surprise1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,vi5na1 b :i* mu/ h be5 ! same t ,von ,ehr5fels _h cultivat$ & describ$4 ,!y sc>cely diff] f ! ,c>niolan1 b ab\t "o 9 fifty is r /rongly m>k$ ) r$ ^u ! fir/ r+ ( ! back4 ,! ,b>on speaks ( _! habitat z ! ,el ,dorado ( ! ,bee1 & he decl>es !m :olly free f ! vices ( ! next sort1 & ?9ks !y raise few] drones ?an ord9>y bees4 ,he recomm5ds1 z likely to be a pr(itable bre$1 a cross ( ^! ) our own v>iety4 #c4 ,hea? ,bees4--,?is is a race ( a v diff]5t "*1 d]iv+ its "n f ! di/rict kn[n z ,luneburg ,hea?1 & f\nd also ab\t ,old5burg1 ,s*leswig1 & ,hol/e94 ,9 =m & appe>ance ,hea? bees are :olly id5tical ) our own1 b !y seem l bees 9 a l[] /ate ( civilisation1 p]petually sw>m+ )\t occasion & ) unmanageable impulse1 & produc+ pr9cipally drones & drone comb ev5 ) a que5 ( ! fir/ ye>4 ,und\bt$ly1 says ,von ,b]leps*1 ?is is by f> ! wor/ k9d ( bee exi/+ 9 ,g]many4 #d4 ,greek or ,cecropian ,bees4--,9 "s p>ticul>s ^! are l a cross betwe5 ! ,italian & common bees4 ,! que5 is d>k bronze on ! abdom5 z f> z ! second scale1 b ! common col\r above4 ,mo/ ( ! work]s h a r+ & a half ( bronze or a r$di% ru/-col\r2 "s h two entire r+s ( ?is hue4 ,!y are /at$ to be m indu/ri\s & productive ?an common bees1 & ! drones to be small]4 ,?is & ! two previ\s v>ieties we ?us briefly notice on ! basis ( ! rem>ks ( ,von ,b]leps*4 ,we are n aw>e t ei!r ( !m has be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 nor d !y appe> to h atta9$ mu* success 9 ,g]many4 ,?us humor\sly does our au?or dismiss ?is la/3 ,s9ce #ahfd1 :5 ,deum] s\nd$ 8 trumpet ) di/5d$ *eeks1 we h he>d n s mu* z a la/ dy+ spee* f ! ,cecropian bee1 & %e seems already 9 ,g]many to h gone ! way ( all fle%4 ,may ! e>? lie lightly on h]6 #e & #f4 ,cyprian & ,smyrnan ,bees4--,a ,c\ntry ,doctor writes 9 ! ,briti% ,bee ,j\rnal t he _h prep>$ a translation f ! ,bi55zeitung ( an article by ,h]r ,corri1 9 :i* he speaks mo/ highly ( ! good qualities ( ! ,cyprian bees1 & consid]s !m 9 advance ( any o!r bee t he has cultivat$4 ,9 ?is op9ion he is borne out by ,c\nt ,rudolph ,kol[rat ( ,tabor4 ,x s frequ5tly happ5s1 proce$s ! correspond5t1 t ! la/ pet receives ! highe/ hon\rs1 & we are s apt to believe t t mu/ h special value :i* has co/ consid]able pa9s to obta91 t a c]ta9 am\nt ( caution is advisable 9 receiv+ ^! en?usia/ic /atem5ts4 ,h]r ,corri's op9ion1 h[ev]1 is des]v+ ( ! highe/ respect2 = bo? he & ! ,c\nt h be5 mo/ p]sev]+ly engag$ = _m ye>s pa/ 9 import+ v>i\s races ( bees f _! native l&s1 & mak+ comp>ative obs]vations z to _! m]its1 & ?is )\t be+ bias$ by ! expectation ( comm]cial ga94 ,! bees got f ,smyrna 7#ahfd7 seem to /& next 9 _! e/imation4 ,bo? ! orig9ally import$ /ocks1 & ^? subsequ5tly rais$ f !m1 pres5t$1 h[ev]1 a c]ta9 numb] ( black bees1 & aft] ! mo/ pa9/ak+ attempts to bre$ !m pure ! results rema9$ ! same4 ,! conclusion come to 0 t !y 7 ( a mix$ race4 ,our own exp]i5ce tallies v mu* ) ?is op9ion4 ,we import$ f ,g]many /ocks ( bo? ! ,cyprian & ,smyrnan bees1 & exhibit$ !m at ! bee %[s ( ! ,briti% ,bee ,association4 ,previ\s to do+ s we submitt$ specim5s to ,mr4 ,f4 ,smi? ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & he report$ fav\rably ( !m--t al?\gh resembl+ ! ,italian 7,apis ligu/ica71 ! ,cyprian 7 cle>ly ( a diff]5t species1 b m ne>ly approa*+ ! ,egyptian 7,a4 fasciata73 !y c]ta9ly possess$ ! irascible qualities s di/9ctive ( ! ,egyptians1 & us$ _! /ilettoes unm]cifully on "s ( ! g5tlem5 connect$ ) ! %[4 ,we h n be5 suffici5tly enam\r$ ( !m to pursue _! cultivation fur!r4 ,! resemblance is s close to ^? bees already domicil$ "h t we see no special advantage to be ga9$ by do+ s4 #g4 ,asiatic ,bees4--,?is bee 7,apis dorsata7 is a di/9ct species2 x is l>g] ?an our own1 & exi/s 9 a wild /ate 9 ! woods ( ,india4 ,mr4 ,woodbury made consid]able ex]tions to h a colony br\ght to ,engl&1 b )\t success4 ,! /+s ( ^! bees1 are m =midable ?an ^? ( ! v>ieties possess$ "h1 & except z a matt] ( curiosity we c see no?+ to recomm5d _! introduction4 #h4 ,egyptian ,bees4--,^! bees1 ?\gh call$ ,apis fasciata1 are consid]$ by _m z a v>iety ( ! same species z ord9>y bees4 ,!y are r small] & sl5d]] ?an our own & ! ,italian1 ?\gh closely resembl+ ! latt] 9 appe>ance4 ,!y h :ite hairs all ab\t !m1 & ! fir/ two & a half r+s ( ! abdom5 are ( a r$di% yell[4 ,! drones are also well m>k$ ) simil> r+s1 & ! que5 is ev5 m beautiful ?an ! ,italian4 ,b>on von ,b]leps* recomm5ds cross+ ! h&some/ ,italian que5s ) ,egyptian drones1 ) a view solely to ! /hetic purpose ( rais+ ! mo/ beautiful bre$ ( bees to be obta9$4 ,! ,g]man api>ian ,h]r ,vogel has giv5 special att5tion to ?is v>iety1 & has discov]$ 9 x "s int]e/+ peculi>ities4 ,x nev] ga!rs propolis1 b uses wax 9 its place2 & x seems almo/ pro( aga9/ ! cold4 ,b ! mo/ s+ul> fact t has come to 8 k is t !re exi/ regul>ly 9 an ,egyptian colony "s twelve or s small drone-lay+ que5s1 :i* w\ld be call$ f]tile work]s b t !y h a di/9ctive appe>ance1 consi/+ 9 ! wax5 yell[ ( _! brea/s--a feature :i* is possess$ also by ! drones ( _! prog5y4 ,?is is assur$ly "o ( ! mo/ curi\s discov]ies t h ev] be5 made 9 relation ev5 to ?is mo/ curi\s ( insects4 ,! late ,mr4 ,woodbury import$ "s ( ^! bees1 b f\nd !m exce$+ly vici\s1 & really to possess no sup]iority ov] our ,engli% bees4 ,"s ye>s s9ce ,mr4 ,wat]h\se ,hawk9s1 ! naturali/1 b\ght a /ock ( ,mr4 ,woodbury1 & br\ght !m ) him 9 ord] to place 9 ! ,horticultural ,g>d5s at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,be+ unacqua9t$ ) ! plac+ ( bees1 he ask$ our aid 9 do+ s4 ,f ! exp]i5ce ( !m !reby acquir$ our own idea w\ld be t no "o c\ld ev] desire su* bees2 !y came out ) a ru%1 & /ung ev]ybody )9 rea*1 "r & left1 :o 0 n provid$ ) a veil4#ab ,?is is ! k9d ( bee f\nd 9 ,pale/9e1 & !re=e ! "o :i* ,samson f\nd 9 ! c>case ( ! lion4 ,footnote #ab3 ,vogel says1 t ?is bee nev] /+s unless inc5s$1 b !n q malici\sly2 also t x is only m irritat$ by tobacco smoke1 b is effectually subdu$ by t f will[ t\*wood4 ,9 connection ) ?is species1 ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,b4 ,tri/ram1 9 8 valuable book1 ,! ,l& ( ,israel1 has an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! bees 9 t c\ntry4 ,9 ,pale/9e bee-keep+ is an important item ( indu/ry1 & e h\se has a pile ( beehives 9 its y>d4 ,_! bee1 he says1 is amaz+ly abundant1 bo? 9 hives1 9 rocks1 & 9 old holl[ trees4 ,x is small] ?an our ord9>y bees1 ) bright] yell[ b&s on ! ?orax & abdom51 :i* is r wasp l 9 %ape1 & ) v long ant5n4 ,9 its habits1 & especially 9 ! imm5se population ( neut]s 9 ea* community1 & 9 ! drones ca/ =? 9 autumn1 x resembles ! o!r species4 ,its /+ also is q z %>p4 ,! hives are v simple1 consi/+ ( l>ge tubes ( sun-dri$ mud1 l gas-pipes1 ab\t f\r feet long1 & clos$ ) mud at ea* end1 leav+ only an ap]ture 9 ! c5tre l>ge en\gh = two or ?ree bees to pass at a "t4 ,! insects appe> to frequ5t bo? doors equally4 ,! tubes are laid 9 r[s horizontally1 & pil$ 9 a pyramid4 ,i c\nt$ "o ( ^! colonies1 consi/+ ( sev5ty-eight tubes1 ea* a di/9ct hive4 ,coolness be+ ! great object1 ! :ole is ?ickly pla/]$ ov] ) mud & cov]$ ) b\ghs1 :ite a bran* is /uck 9 ! gr\nd at ea* end to assi/ ! bees 9 alight+4 ,at fir/ we took ^! s+ul> /ructures = ov5s or h5-h\ses4 ,! b>b>\s practice ( de/roy+ ! sw>ms = _! honey is unkn[n4 ,:5 ! hives are full ! clay is remov$ f ! ends ( ! pipes1 & ! honey extract$ ) an iron hook2 ^? pieces ( comb :i* conta9 "y bees be+ c>efully replac$1 & ! hives !n clos$ up aga94 ,ev]y:]e dur+ our j\rney we f\nd honey 0 always to be pur*as$2 & x is us$ by ! natives = _m cul9>y purposes1 & especially = ! prep>ation ( sweet cakes4 ,x has ! delicate aromatic flav\r ( ! ?yme-sc5t$ honey ( ,hybla or ,hymettus4 ,b1 h[ev] ext5sive are ! bee colonies ( ! villages1 ! numb] ( wild bees ( ! same species is f> great]4 ,! innum]able fissures & clefts ( ! lime/one rocks1 :i* ev]y:]e flank ! valleys1 af=d 9 _! recesses secure %elt] = any numb] ( sw>ms2 & _m ( ! ,b$\91 p>ticul>ly 9 ! wild]ness ( ,juda1 obta9 _! subsi/5ce by bee-hunt+1 br++ into ,j]usalem j>s ( t wild honey on :i* ,john ! ,bapti/ f$ 9 ! wild]ness1 & :i* ,jona?an _h long be=e unwitt+ly ta/$1 :5 ! comb _h dropp$ on ! gr\nd f ! holl[ tree 9 :i* x 0 susp5d$4 ,! visitor to ! ,wady ,kurn1 :5 he sees ! busy multitudes ( bees ab\t its cliffs1 _c b recall to m9d ! promise1 ',) honey out ( ! /ony rock w\ld ,i h satisfi$ !e4' ,!re is no epi!t ( ! ,l& ( ,promise m true to ! lett]1 ev5 to ! pres5t day1 ?an ?is1 t x 0 'a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "q z to ! wor? or wor?lessness ( ! above respective v>ieties is n yet s decid$ a matt] z x is ) ! ,italians4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 ! sale ( a p>ticul> race w praise x up1 :ile ^? :o h _h a s+le disappo9tm5t ) x w run x d[n--& t is ne>ly ! sum ( ! exp]i5ce to be ga!r$ f curr5t lit]ature4 ,?us we f9d ,da! ann\nc+1 ,i h discont9u$ ! re>+ ( ,cyprian1 ,egyptian1 & ,c>niolan bees4 ,t is intelligible2 b 9 ! same pap] we read1 ,betwe5 ! ,g]man & ,hea? bees !re is no p>ticul> diff]5ce--:i* s /agg]s u aft] ,von ,b]leps*'s vitup]ations ( ! latt] t we d n "k h[ mu* confid5ce we ought to place 9 ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 :i* is giv5 z ! summ+ up ( a discussion 9 t fam\s bee c\ntry1 ,silesia3 ,! ,egyptian bee ranks aft] ! ,g]man & ,italian2 ! ,c>niolan1 at ! exp5se ( honey1 produces _m bees2 ! ,cyprians are dilig5t1 b q incl9$ to /+4 ,! ,h]zegov9ian bee is prais$4 ,bees obta9$ by judici\s cross+ h ! pref]5ce ov] ! pure races4 ,numb]s ( o!r v>ieties may be expect$ to crop up f "t to "t1 z = in/ance ! "o la/ nam$4 ,della ,rocca 9 ! la/ c5tury spoke ( a dawn-col\r$ bee t 0 br\ght f ,holl& & ,belgium1 & :i* is probably "o ( ! races includ$ ) ! ,italian4 ,dr4 ,g]/ck] ?us classifies ! v>ieties3 ,! ,nor? ,european 7n[ spread all ov] ! _w71 ! ,italian ) black brea/s1 ! ,italian ) yell[ brea/s1 ! ,egyptian1 ! ,african1 & ! ,madagasc>4 ,?ree ,s\? ,asiatic bees he reg>ds z specifically di/9ct--,apis dorsata1 indica1 & florea4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,smi? adds zonata & nigroc9cta1 & incl9es to make a species ( fasciata 7! ,egyptians74 ,,vii4 ,,faculties ,,& ,,functions4 ,x w\ld be tr5*+ too mu* ^u our limits if we 7 to v5ture into ! invit+ field to :i* ?is head+ might introduce u4 ,/ill ! extreme int]e/ ( ! subject r5d]s x p]haps desirable t "s succ9ct allusion %\ld be made to x1 ev5 if x be = little m ?an to rem>k t ! in=mation we h to give is scatt]$ ?r\gh o!r sections & *apt]s4 ,especially z "s might be dispos$ to skip ! unattractive portion on ,anatomy & ,physiology1 x may be well to /ate "h t 9 ! second section ( t *apt] w be f\nd a brief acc\nt ( ! sight & o!r s5ses ( bees1 & ( ! uses ( _! ant5n1 by :i* !y seem to feel1 he>1 smell1 & communicate4 ,a rem>k ^u _! p[] ( di/+ui%+ col\rs1 & its practical value1 w be f\nd 9 connection ) our description ( bee-h\ses = twelve hives 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 i474 ,on ! s5ses ( ta/e & smell we h "s fur!r obs]vations 9 ! sections ( ,*apt] ,,vi4 ^u ,/+s1 ,robb+1 & ,bee-keep+ 9 ,london4 ,= ! functions & habits ( bees we mu/ also ref] to ! passages already in/anc$1 z well z to ! sections above on ! ,! ,que51 etc41 t on ,! ,rationale ( ,sw>m+ 7page #gb71 & to ^? 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 on ! f\r sub/ances :i* bees collect or secrete1 z well z 7?\gh 9 a less degree7 to ^? head$ ,pa/urage & ,g5]al ,rem>ks4 ,^? :o w fav\r our book ) a consecutive read+ w1 we tru/1 f9d at ! conclusion t all ! m important & int]e/+ facts ( ?is class are 9 "o or o!r ( ^! places tol]ably ?\gh briefly describ$4 ,! s]vice t bees p]=m to fl[]s is a subject t has attract$ mu* att5tion ( late ye>s4 ,z e "o kn[s1 or %\ld "k1 a fl[] has its /am5s & pi/ils1 :i* are respectively its male & female organs1 & ! poll5 conta9$ 9 ! an!rs1 or little knobs on ! summits ( ! /am5s1 mu/ be convey$ to ! pi/ils1 or no se$ w be produc$4 ,:5 ! an!rs bur/2 ! poll5 might happ5 to fall p>tly on ! pi/ils1 or x might n2 b ! visits ( bees 7?\gh !y d n roll ab\t 9 ! fl[]1 9 ! mann] t "s h /at$7 are f\nd by exp]i5ce to be efficaci\s 9 convey+ ?is du/ to ! "r spot4 ,own]s ( fruit trees h notic$1 9 a season g5]ally unfav\rable to ! or*>d1 t if dur+ only "o f9e =5oon ! bees _h spread freely among/ ! blossoms ( a p>ticul> tree1 t tree w\ld prove m fruitful ?an its fell[s4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! or*>d is a good place = ! api>y1 = x seems t ! m abundant ! honey ! bett] w be ! crop ( fruit4 ,! :ole subject is sci5tifically treat$ 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's rem>kable book1 ,! ,f]tilisation ( ,or*ids1 b we mu/ add to ! =ego+ h[ mu* m urg5t are ! s]vices ( bees 9 ! case ( :at are t]m$ monci\s & dici\s plants1 ! =m] ( :i* h ! /am5s & pi/ils 9 diff]5t fl[]s1 & ! latt] h ^! fl[]s ^u diff]5t roots4 ,a famili> example ( ! =m] is f\nd 9 ! nut tree1 ^: long catk9s1 hang+ l cat]pill>s 9 ! e>ly spr+1 are assemblages ( male fl[]s2 :ile ! females1 f :i* ! nuts develop1 may be detect$ by _! crimson pi/il-tips 7/igmas71 & gr[ 9 /alkless clu/]s ( two or ?ree 9 ! op5+s ( remote scaly buds4 ,b = ! visits or bees1 our autumn nutt+ rambles w\ld ?us h b little prospect ( success4 ,9 ! second case1 (t5 v consid]able di/ances int]v5e betwe5 ! two fl[]s2 = in/ance1 ) ! common dog m]cury 7,m]curialis p]5nis71 a botani/ may f9d plantation aft] plantation conta9+ male fl[]s by ?\s&s1 b n a s+le female2 & at l5g? 9 "s f>-(f spot he may succe$ 9 f9d+ ! females1 equally by !mselves1 yet 9 full se$4 ,9 ^! cases !re is no?+ b ! visits ( poll5-ga!r+ insects :i* c convey ! f]tilis+ du/ to ! fl[] = :i* x is design$4 ,& accord+ to ,mr4 ,d>w9 all plants are practically dici\s1 = he /ates t ! poll51 to h a f]tilis+ effect1 mu/ be br\ght to ! pi/ils ( "o fl[] f ! /am5s ( "o on ano!r root4 ,:e!r ?is be consid]$ e/abli%$ or n1 !re rema9s ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( dici\s plants z expla9+ ! admirable design ( ! provision t a bee 9 ! c\rse ( "o flight %all ga!r poll5 solely f "o species4 ,z f> z honey-ga!r+ is conc]n$ ! bee is n gov]n$ by ?is rule2 b = ?is o!r important function x becomes absolutely ess5tial t ! "r poll51 & t only1 %\ld be convey$ to ! "r fl[]4 ,! c>eful obs]v] may note h[ ! du/ on ! bodies ( bees v>ies f yell[ to r$ & br[n accord+ to ! k9d ( fl[]s f :i* x has be5 ga!r$1 & ! socks1 z ! ,g]mans call !m1 on ! two h9d legs w be f\nd always ( ! same col\r4 ,to no sci5tific man are we probably m indebt$ = obs]vations & d$uctions ^u ?is bran* ?an to ,sir ,john ,lubbock4 ,:il/ ?is edition 0 9 c\rse ( prep>ation x 0 ! writ]'s privilege to li/5 to a lecture ^u ,relations ( ,plants & ,insects deliv]$ by ?is able inve/igator be=e ! ,society ( ,arts2 & ! lecture has s9ce be5 publi%$ z a pap] 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review ( ,april #ahgg4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 rem>ks ,sir ,john cit$ _m int]e/+ p>ticul>s ( ! ways 9 :i* fl[]s are protect$ f ! incursions ( ants1 ^: visits w\ld be h>mful1 bo? f _! rifl+ ! /ores f ! bees1 by :om alone !y are likely to be f]tilis$1 & f ! liability ( ! latt] to des]t any species 9 :i* _! t5d] probosces 7 9 dang] ( be+ seiz$ by ants--x be+ ! nature ( an ant to grapple any po9t$ ?+ direct$ t[>ds h]4 ,k]n] 0 ref]r$ to z hav+ obs]v$ "s ( ! modes by :i* su* results are obviat$4 ,9 "s cases !re are *evaux de frise ar\nd ! fl[]1 9 ! =m ( hairs po9t+ d[nw>ds1 or o!r b>ri]s :i* ! ant _c p5etrate or surm\nt3 notably 9 ! corn bluebottle1 :i* is smoo? all ov] except j b5ea? ! fl[]1 & 9 ! ?icket heads ( "s ?i/les4 ,9 o!rs !re are glut9\s p>ts :i* ! ant _c trav]se1 z 0 notic$ 9 ! ,polygonum amphibium1 :i*1 :5 x gr[s on l&1 has /icky gl&s at ! extremities ( c]ta9 hairs1 :ile :5 9 ! wat]1 :]e x is safe already1 x is p]fectly smoo?4 ,aga91 !re are p5dul\s fl[]s1 l ! sn[drop1 :i* are s slipp]y on ! surface t an ant w\ld imm$iately slide (f1 z 0 humor\sly illu/rat$ by a sket* prep>$ ) sev]al o!rs by ! lectur]'s daught]4 ,facts 7 also /at$ %[+ h[ ! poll5 is sometimes pres]v$ by ! clos+ ( c]ta9 fl[]s at times :5 w+$ insects 7 n on ! move1 & ! exclusion !reby ( su* z w\ld n aid 9 ! "w ( fructification4 ,x is n too mu* to say1 z ,sir ,john else:]e expresses himself 7,briti% ,wild ,fl[]s 9 ,relation to ,insects 71 t if on ! "o h& fl[]s are 9 _m cases necess>y to insects1 insects on ! o!r h& are /ill m necess>y to ! v exi/5ce ( fl[]s2 t if insects h be5 9 _m cases modifi$ & adapt$ ) a view to obta9 honey & poll5 f fl[]s1 fl[]s 9 _! turn owe _! sc5t & col\r1 _! honey1 & ev5 _! di/9ctive =ms1 to ! action ( insects4 ,& pla9s sad ,*loris h[ ^! spoil]s /eal ,f h] ripe cre/s ! vivify+ meal1 ,p>e ! ?9 films t %ield h] an!r$ reign1 ,& all h] nect>$ cells insatiate dra98 ,no6 k9d intrud]s2 all res]v$ = y ,%e p\rs ?r\gh honey$ horn h] lusci\s dew1 ,:ile1 grateful = ! ri* repa/1 ye %$ ,fre% %[]s prolific r\nd h] g5ial b$4 ,evans4 ,,viii4 ,,eggs ,,& ,,trans=mations4 ,x is necess>y t "s explanation %\ld be giv51 z to ! exi/5ce ( ! bee be=e x em]ges f ! cell4 ,! eggs 7,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #g7 ( all ! ?ree k9ds ( bees1 :5 fir/ deposit$1 are ( an oval %ape1 slightly curv$1 & ( a blui%-:ite col\r4 ,!y are glut9\s on ! surface :5 laid1 :i* causes !m to adh]e to ! bases ( ! cells :]e ! que5 deposits !m4 ,9 ?ree or f\r days ! egg *anges to a small :ite worm1 & 9 ?is /age is kn[n by ! names ( l>va or grub 7,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #h71 9 :i* /ate x rema9s f\r to six days m--a drone six & a half2 its dim5sions enl>ge dur+ ?is p]iod till x appe>s z a r+ at ! base ( ! cell4 ,:ile 9 ?is /age x is f$ by ! nurse bees ) a mixture ( f>9a & honey1 a transp>5t :ite fluid 9 :i* ! l>va floats1 & ! supply ( :i* is s exactly apportion$ t n a drop rema9s on its ceas+ to be requir$4 ,! next trans=mation is to ! nymph or pupa =m4 ,! nurse bees n[ seal up ! cells ) a prep>ation simil> to wax1 leav+ !m ) cov]+s :i*1 by _! great] convexity & d>k] col\r1 di/+ui% !m readily f honey cells4 ,! pupa !n sp9s r\nd itself a film or cocoon1 j z a silkworm does 9 its *rysalis /ate3 work]s & drones occupy ?irty-six h\rs ) ?is process2 pr9cesses1 :i* sp9 only half-cocoons1 f9i% !m 9 tw5ty-f\r4 ,! microscope %[s t ?is cradle-curta9 is p]=at$ ) v m9ute holes1 ?r\gh :i* ! baby bee is duly suppli$ ) air4 ,no f>!r att5tion on ! "p ( ! bees is n[ requisite1 except a prop] degree ( heat1 :i* !y take c>e to keep up--a position = ! bre$+ cells be+ select$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! hive1 :]e ! temp]ature is likely to be mo/ cong5ial4 ,! cells de/9$ = ! re>+ ( drones are l>g] ?an ^? f :i* work]s w proce$1 ! =m] /&+ n9ete5 to ! squ>e in* aga9/ tw5ty-sev5 ( ! latt]3 ! =m] are also "o-?ird z deep aga9 z ! latt]1 & are made slightly m convex :5 seal$ ov]4 ,b betwe5 ! eggs !mselves !re is ext]nally no diff]5ce :atev]4 ,9 f n9ete5 to tw5ty-"o days aft] ! egg is fir/ laid 7unless cold wea!r %\ld h ret>d$ x7 ! bee quits ! pupa /ate1 &1 nibbl+ its way ?r\gh ! wax5 cov]+ t has enclos$ x1 comes =? a w+$ insect4 ,! eggs ( drones require tw5ty-f\r or tw5ty-five days1 & ^? ( que5s sixte5 or sev5te51 to arrive at maturity4 ,9 ! unicomb obs]vatory hives ! "y bees may di/9ctly be se5 z !y lit]ally fight _! way into ! _w1 = ! o!r bees d n take ! slighte/ notice1 nor af=d !m any assi/ance4 ,we h frequ5tly be5 amus$ 9 wat*+ ! eag] little new com]1 n[ obtrud+ its head1 & anon compell$ to )draw into ! cell to escape be+ trampl$ on by ! app>5tly unfeel+ ?rong1 until at la/ x has succe$$ 9 mak+ its exit4 ,! little grey creature1 aft] bru%+ & %ak+ itself1 ent]s ^u its duties 9 ! hive1 & aft] a :ile issues =? to ! m labori\s occupation ( ga!r+ honey 9 ! fields--?us e>ly illu/rat+ t "* = indu/ry :i* has be5 prov]bial at lea/ s9ce ! days ( ,ari/otle1 & :i* has 9 our day be5 r5d]$ famili> ev5 to infant m9ds ?r\gh ! nurs]y rhymes ( ,dr4 ,watts4 ,,ix4 ,,reproductive ,,economy4 ,! f]tilisation ( ! que5 & ! det]m9ation ( ! sexes ( h] prog5y are two subjects ( s mu* int]e/ t we mu/ make room = "s exposition ( ! discov]ies ( ! pa/ ?irty ye>s 9 relation !reto4 ,:at has be5 already /at$ on ! =m] ( ^! "u ! section on ,! ,drone consi/s ( facts :i* 7 ma9ly e/abli%$ by ,hub]2 b )9 ! pres5t g5]ation ! great ,g]man api>ians h return$ to ! "q1 & ,dzi]zon has set =? "s mo/ m>vell\s d$uctions1 :i* ,b>on von ,b]leps* has foll[$ up ) amplification & fur!r pro(4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! que5 :ile 9 a virg9 condition 0 (t5 capable ( deposit+ eggs1 & t ^! eggs1 unlike ^? ( p\ltry laid "u some:at simil> conditions1 w\ld hat* equally ) o!rs1 b !y all produc$ drones4 ,f ?is arose ! "q4 ,:5ce come ! drones aft] ! que5 has be5 f]tilis$8 ,a fact kn[n f ! days ( ,hub] & ,riem 0 by "s suppos$ to settle ! difficulty4 ,9 _m hives !re exi/ :at are call$ f]tile work]s--bees hav+ ! female organs suffici5tly develop$ to deposit eggs1 b n suffici5tly s to receive fecundation2 & z x 0 f\nd t ! eggs ( ^! fulfill$ ! conditions requir$1 & inv>iably produc$ drone bees1 ! !ory 0 erect$ t ^! f]tile work]s 7 ! regul> produc]s ( t sex4 ,b ?is plausible solution ( ! problem did n /& exam9ation4 ,e f]tile que5 does habitually lay eggs 9 drone cells1 & f ^? eggs drones are uni=mly develop$4 ,dissection & microscopic analysis _h !re=e to be resort$ to1 & ! c\rse ( inve/igation comm5c$ by ,swamm]dam & pursu$ by ,mlle4 ,jur9e 0 n[ pu%$ to a mu* fur!r ext5t4 ,proce$+ f ! two ov>ies ( ! que5 !re are two canals1 call$ oviducts1 :i* pres5tly unite1 & imm$iately beyond _! po9t ( juncture is a small globul> receptacle :i* is call$ ! sp]ma!ca4 ,) f]tile que5s x 0 f\nd t ?is app5dage is p]man5tly occupi$ by a fluid id5tical ) t 9 ! reproductive organs ( ! drones1 & t z su* x ab\nds 9 sp]matozoa2 :ile ) a virg9 que5 ! fluid is totally de/itute ( ^!1 & is :olly diff]5t 9 appe>ance1 be+ ?9 & transp>5t4 ,f ?is discov]y ! conclusion foll[$ t ea* egg1 z x passes d[n ! oviduct & ov] ! m\? ( ! sp]ma!ca1 may ei!r receive fecundation or n1 accord+ z ! que5's own w or "s o!r circum/ance %all det]m9e4 ,dzi]zon accord+ly prop\nd$ z ! app>5t1 ?\gh /ill only hypo!tical1 solution ( ! enigma1 :at is kn[n z ! doctr9e ( p>!nog5esis or virg9 bre$+--! law t life is imp>t$ by ! "m indep5d5tly1 & t e egg z orig9ally develop$ 9 h] ov>ies is ( ! male sex1 b t :5ev] f]tilis$ ) ! male fluid x becomes trans=m$ into a female6 ,to conv]t ?is hypo!sis into a demon/ration1 ,von ,b]leps* invit$ to 8 api>y 9 succession ! two great comp>ative anatomi/s ,pr(essors ,leuck>t & ,von ,siebold1 & furni%$ ea* ) a numb] ( bo? drone & work] eggs = microscopic exam9ation4 ,leuck>t exam9$ ! surfaces ( ! eggs2 ,von ,siebold1 :o foll[$ him1 tri$ ! int]iors1 & ! latt] by ?is means 0 triumphantly successful1 =1 aft] ! mo/ c>eful prep>ation ( 8 subjects1 he detect$ 9 ?irty out ( =ty work] eggs f "o to f\r sp]matozoa apiece1 :ile 9 8 tw5ty-f\r drone eggs he f\nd n a s+le "o4 ,! exceptions 7 insuffici5t to invalidate ! results1 = ! t5 work] eggs 9 :i* no signs ( impregnation 7 f\nd 7 only ! failures ( obs]vation to be naturally expect$ 9 s delicate a scrut9y4 ,?us ! fact 0 e/abli%$ t eggs :i* produce male bees are desc5d$ f ! female only--9 o!r words1 t drones h no fa!rs6 ,mo/ /rik+ly has ?is law be5 corroborat$ by a discov]y :i* we owe to ! introduction ( ! ,italian bee--a discov]y1 too1 :i* any bee-keep] c make = himself4 ,if an ,italian que5 is cross$ ) an ,engli% drone1 or vice v]sa1 ! work]s only ( h] prog5y w be mongrels--! drones w inv>iably reta9 ! pure blood ( ! que51 ?us prov+ to demon/ration t !y owe _! orig9 to h] alone4 ,%\ld a mongrel drone be !n obs]v$1 x w be a sure sign t a f]tile work] is 9 ! hive3 ! que5 w n be its "m4 ,dr4 ,dnh(f1 we are told1 confirm$ ! same law by a conv]se me?od1 hav+ 9 #ahee obta9$ a work] bee f a drone egg :i* he _h artificially impregnat$ ) ! male fluid4 ,! que51 z we h obs]v$1 is capable be=e f]tilisation ( becom+ ! "m ( drones1 b x is believ$ by "s t if %e has once comm5c$ drone-lay+ x is impossible = h] to become subsequ5tly f]tilis$4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro?1 h[ev]1 m5tions an in/ance to ! contr>y1 :]e a que5 ( 81 aft] p]si/5tly lay+ drone eggs = a week or two1 became aft] t ! happy "m ( a ?riv+ colony ( work]s4 ,von ,b]leps* alludes to ?is case 7) o!rs l x71 b is unconv9c$1 be+ suspici\s t "h aga9 x 0 a f]tile work] & n ! que5 :o laid ! drone eggs4 ,b look+ to ! fact t _m p]man5tly unf]tile que5s lay drone eggs1 :ile o!rs lay no eggs at all1 does x n seem reasonable t a simil> diff]5ce may subsi/ previ\s to fecundation8 ,?us1 :ile ! ,b>on is on firm gr\nd z to ! g5]al rule1 we incl9e to a belief t z to ! exception ! ,am]ican obs]v] is q correct4 ,dzi]zon ?us writes3 ,9 g5]al1 s long z ! "y que5 cont9ues h] w$d+ flights--:i* 9 ! w>m summ] %e does at ! v mo/ = f\r weeks1 b 9 ! cool spr+ or autumn1 :5 life & developm5t are sl[] 9 ! hive1 %e /ill pursues = ev5 five or six weeks--%e is capable ( becom+ prop]ly f]tile4 ,b "s que5s cont9ue to fly long aft] x is hopeless1 cases be+ record$ 9 :i* !y h gone on = t5 or twelve weeks4 ,! same obs]v] speaks ( hav+ _h sev]al "y que5s :i* 7 ei!r lame 9 _! w+s or born 9 a cont9u$ cold season1 s t !y 7 prev5t$ f leav+ ! hive1 & ?us develop$ into confirm$ drone-bre$]s4 ,! que5 leaves ! hive e f9e day till h] purpose is accompli%$1 & ?is l$ ,bevan & o!rs to surmise t %e met successively ) sev]al drones till "o ,( !m lo/ 8 life 9 consequ5ce2 b we d n f9d 9 lat] au?orities any confirmation nor ev5 m5tion ( ?is conjecture1 & x may be set d[n z entirely improbable4 ,9 ! case obs]v$ by ,von ,klip/e91 & ref]r$ to above 7page #bb71 z ! que5 met ) h] dea? %ortly aft]1 he s5t h] to ,leuck>t1 :o f\nd t f ?is obvi\sly fir/ impregnation h] organs 7 s completely fill$ z to imply no ne$ = a second4 ,leuck>t has else:]e /at$ t a que5's sp]ma!ca is capable ( conta9+ tw5ty-five millions ( sp]matozoa1 s t !re ne$ be no wond] at ! fact ( a s+le fecundation be+ suffici5t to answ] = h] entire t]m ( exi/5ce4 ,! f]tile work]s1 :i* by _! c\rse ( add+ to ! drone /ock may prove a t]rible nuisance 9 a hive1 7 asc]ta9$ by ,hub] to be always hat*$ 9 close proximity to ! que5 cells1 :5ce he conjectur$ t !y obta9$ by accid5t a portion ( ! royal jelly design$ = ! re>+ ( pr9cesses4 ,von ,b]leps* & ,lang/ro? pref] ! !ory t su* jelly 0 purposely giv5 !m1 & ! conv]sion ( _! own cells into royal ones comm5c$1 b t ! int5tion 0 aft]w>ds ab&on$1 z x is kn[n t bees (t51 />t m ( su* cells ?an !y ultimately proce$ )4 ,!y are ( only exceptional occurr5ce 9 hives 9 a normal condition1 b 9 a que5less /ock !y v (t5 appe>1 sometimes ev5 9 consid]able numb]s1 hav+ be5 probably fo/]$ ) ! jelly1 b at too late a p]iod to conv]t !m into que5s4 ,!y usually deposit _! eggs correctly 9 drone cells1 ?\gh drone-bre$+ que5s lay 9 ^? ( work]s & ev5 9 royal cells--?us ev9c+ a pres5ce ( ! w ?\gh an abs5ce ( ! p[]4 ,to get rid ( a f]tile work] x has be5 recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,rorl to drive ! bees 7,*ap4 ,v4 iv47 to an empty hive1 & place ?is 9 a ne> spot2 all w return to _! old home except ! "o to be got rid (1 %e hav+ probably nev] fl[n be=e1 & !re=e n kn[+ h] way4 ,x4 ,,relation ,,( ,,sex ,,to ,,cells4 ,!re rema9s ! v int]e/+ "q ( ! connection betwe5 sex & cells1 :i*1 if x be n p>adoxical to say s1 is z a g5]al rule inv>iable2 t is to say1 :5 bo? ! que5 & ! hive are 9 a normal condition1 ! eggs laid 9 ea* class ( cells produce respectively work]s & drones )\t failure or exception4 ,b 9 abnormal circum/ances1 z ) a drone-bre$+ que51 ! law does n hold1 & drones ( a dim9i%$ size are hat*$ f work] cells1 ?\gh ! bees1 on discov]+ ! /ate ( ?+s1 d _! be/ by subsequ5t elongation to adapt ! cradles to _! unexpect$ occupants4 ,su* is ! explanation ( ! exi/5ce ( small drones2 b work]s hat*$ 9 drone cells d n appe> to be 9 any way peculi>4 ,9 reg>d !n to ! ma9 fact we are confront$ ) ! "q1 ,has ! que5 a k1 at ! mom5t ( lay+1 ( ! g5d] ( ea* p>ticul> egg8 ,r1 x w\ld seem1 %e has ! p[] ( mak+ x :at g5d] %e pleases by compress+ h] sp]ma!ca or n at ! in/ant ( its pass+ d[n h] oviduct4 ,we mu/ h[ev] ref] to an +5i\s !ory to ! contr>y1 quot$ by ,lang/ro? z />t$ by 8 fri5d ! late ,mr4 ,wagn] ( ,philadelphia1 & :i* has be5 approv$ by _m 9 ?is c\ntry & ,g]many also4 ,x is to ! effect t n ! que5's own w1 b ! n>r[ limits ( ! work] cells1 adm9i/] ! above compression1 :ile ! m spaci\s drone cells all[ h] body to be ins]t$ )\t su* effect4 ,von ,b]leps* h[ev]1 x is safe to say1 has absolutely demoli%$ ?is me*anical explanation2 & z "s rec5t writ]s h quot$ ! ,wagn] !ory ) approval1 x may be be/ to give ! ,g]man obs]v]'s pr9cipal objections 9 8 own words3-- ,?is explanation is ?or\ghly unt5able2 =--7a7 p]fectly new work] cells are fully z wide z v old drone cells 9 :i* bre$+ has tak5 place _m times1 & yet1 z f\nd by exp]i5ce1 female bees come f ! =m] & males f ! latt]1 7b7 ,_m que5s are ( a /rik+ly sl5d] =m1 "s ( !m occasionally s small t !y c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f work]s1 & yet !y h no proclivity to drone-lay+--:i* mu/ h[ev] h be5 ! case if ! n>r[ cell effect$ ! f]tilisation ( ! egg by pressure4444 7c7 ,a que5 lays ev5 9 cells t are sc>cely begun1 ) :i*1 !re=e1 ! proportion ( ! diamet] to ! ?ickness ( h] body c ex]cise no influ5ce at all1 & yet drones come =? f ! drone cells & work]s f ! work] cells4 7d7 ,if !re are no drone cells at h] comm&1 & ! /ock is 9 want ( drones1 ! que5 lays male eggs 9 work] cells1 & drones hat* f !m4444 7i7 ,a f]tile que51 if introduc$ ) h] colony into a hive conta9+ no?+ b drone comb1 w\ld naturally on su* hypo!sis furni% ! drone cells ) eggs z %e w\ld work] cells1 & make no difficulty ab\t x4 ,b %e does make a v great difficulty--= a long "t %e lays no eggs 9 ! cells at all1 b lets !m drop1 or tries to escape abroad ) h] entire colony4 ,b at la/ %e does lay 9 ! drone cells1 & :at ensues8 ,ord9>y work] bees come =?4 ,in/ances foll[ ( exp]im5ts decisively prov+ ?is4 ,x is only fair1 h[ev]1 to add t ,mr4 ,wagn]'s !ory does n necess>ily degrade ! mon>* ( ! hive into a m]e egg-lay+ ma*9e1 z ,von ,b]leps* reg>ds x 9 "s ( 8 argum5ts1 = %e might /ill exhibit intellig5ce 9 decid+ :i* cells to lay 91 ev5 if ! det]m9ation ( ! sex ( ! egg re/$ f9ally ) ! cell :i* %e _h *os54 ,! que5 !n ex]cises a p]sonal control ov] ea* egg z %e deposits x1 b1 unless int]f]$ ) by irregul> circum/ances1 %e adapts h] w to ! cells & *ooses ! cells accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! hive4 ,b :5 bo? drones & work]s are 9 requisition %e lays h] eggs 9 ea* class ( cells j z %e comes to !m1 z to :i* fact ! ,b>on gives abundant evid5ce1 hav+ 9 "o in/ance obs]v$ a que5 make no few] ?an five *anges 9 a day f work] to drone cells or vice v]sa )\t any int]mission4 ,inconsi/5t z x may appe>1 %e also h]self deposits 9 royal cells ! eggs :i* are to hat* into h] rivals--t is1 :5 ^! cells h be5 prep>$ ) a view to sw>m+2--= ! prepond]ance ( argum5t goes aga9/ ! belief t eggs are ev] remov$ into ^! by ! work]s4#ac ,9 addition to det]m9+ ! sex %e is fur!r capable ( regulat+ to a l>ge ext5t ! total numb] ( eggs %e lays1 & ?us ( modify+ ! gr[? ( ! population ) ! "* ( ! season & ! condition ( ! colony2 ?us a que5 t has be5 transf]r$ f a weak to a /rong hive has be5 "k to v>y 9 two or ?ree days f no eggs at all to two ?\s& a day4 ,%e lays dur+ "s t5 mon?s ( ! ye>1 susp5d+ ! process 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,= h] fir/ season %e lays almo/ exclusively work] eggs4 ,footnote #ac3 ,! eggs :5 once deposit$ adh]e to ! cells & c\ld n be remov$ )\t ru9+ !m2 b occasionally :5 fre% laid !y /ick to ! body ( ! que51 or ev5 ( a work]4 ,que5less /ocks sometimes 9 _! tempor>y insanity />t new que5 cells )\t ?9k+ :]e ! eggs are to come f2 b ^! w rema9 empty unless "s f]tile work]' tries h] skill4 ,we are told ( ! occasional occurr5ce ( h]maphrodite bees1 half work]s & half drones1 & ! explanation ( _! exi/5ce is giv5 by ,von ,b]leps* z an incomplete p5etration ( ! %ell ( ! egg1 9 ! act ( f]tilis+1 by ! sp]matozoa4 ,yet ano!r ord] ( individuals has be5 suppos$ to exi/ by "s1 & !y h t]m$ !m black bees1#ad also drone mo!rs2 !y are n1 h[ev]1 ! v]itable f]tile work]s nam$ above1 b owe _! di/9ction solely to misconception4 ,!y are black] ?an ! re/1 & (t5 ) few] & %ort] hairs3 b ! above au?or1 aft] asc]ta9+ f ,leuck>t t !re 0 no anatomical diff]5ce1 prov$ by exp]im5ts t _! col\r 0 caus$ simply by sme>+ ) honey1 or else 0 ! effect ( /ifl+ or ( fright1 & t ! loss ( hairs 0 ow+ to no?+ m ?an hav+ crept repeat$ly ?r\gh conf9$ entrance-holes6 ,simil>ly ,dzi]zon3 ,! black col\r is "o purely accid5tal1 produc$ ?r\gh heat+1 rubb+ aga9/ sides1 bit+1 sme>+1 lick+1 & ! l4 ,z a rule1 ! glossy black bees are robb]s :i* h be5 pursu+ _! trade = "s consid]able "t4 ,footnote #ad3 ,?is t]m is also sometimes appli$ to ,engli% bees g5]ally 9 di/9ction f ! ,italians4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,rationale ,,( ,,sw>m+4 ,"u ?is head+ we purpose to describe su* matt]s z belong *iefly to ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee1 ?us res]v+ = its prop] position at ! beg9n+ ( our fif? *apt] all :i* /rictly belongs to ! subject ( ,manipulation1 & :i* x is to ! conv5i5ce ( ! inexp]i5c$ bee-keep] to f9d brief & ready to 8 h& at any mom5t ( em]g5cy4 ,a leisurely dige/+ ( ! int]e/+ facts /at$ 9 ! pres5t section w1 h[ev]1 greatly assi/ him 9 ! intellig5t foll[+ ( 8 pursuit4 ,9 ,may1 :5 ! prec$+ "p ( ! spr+ has be5 f9e1 ! que5 bee is v active 9 ! deposition ( eggs1 & ! increase 9 a /rong heal?y hive is s prodigi\s t emigration is necess>y1 or "w w\ld soon cease4 ,! bees1 on arriv+ at a conviction ( ?is fact1 comm5ce prep>ations by ! build+ ( royal cells1 ?us putt+ matt]s /raight = ! aft] gov]nm5t & progress ( ! hive4 ,! que51 nol5s vol5s1 falls 9 ) ! g5]al resolution1 & makes (f ) ! sw>m on ! fir/ pleasant day aft] "o ( ^! cells has be5 seal$ ov]1 t is to say1 "s six or sev5 days be=e h] fir/ rival is likely to em]ge4 ,if delay$ by ! wea!r till )9 two days ( ! hat*+ ( ?is1 ! bees usually de/roy all ! pr9cesses1 & ei!r />t fre% cells or give up sw>m+ altoge!r = ! season4 ,x is n[ a well-e/abli%$ fact t ! old que5 goes =? ) ! fir/ sw>m1 & ?us ! sov]eignty ( ! old hive devolves ^u a "y que54 ,dzi]zon1 h[ev]1 once met ) a case 9 :i* ! old que5 refus$ to /ir1 & ?ree /rong sw>ms 7 l$ =? by "y pr9cesses 9 ! c\rse ( five days4 ,by ! bye1 x %\ld be add$ t sw>ms are nev] l$ =? except by "y que5s1 9 ! s5se ( hav+ ^! at _! head2 fruitful mo!rs usually foll[ 9 ! mid/4 ,z soon z ! sw>m builds combs 9 its new abode1 ! emigrant que5 beg9s lay+ eggs 9 ! cells1 & !reby spe$ily multiplies ! lab\r]s ( ! new colony4 ,al?\gh !re is n[ among/ api>ians no d\bt t ! old que5 quits h] home1 !re is no rule z to ! composition ( ! sw>m3 old & "y alike dep>t4 ,"s %[ unmi/akable signs ( age by _! ragg$ w+s1 o!rs _! extreme y\? by _! light] col\r4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 use ! t]m "y 9 ref]5ce to ^? y\nge/ inhabitants ( ! hive ^: engagem5ts are solely )9 doors1 = ^! _c g till _! prop] "t = fly+ has arriv$4 ,von ,b]leps* says t all ! adult bees :i* are at home at ! "t ( />t+ g ) ! sw>m2 & sometimes ?is results 9 none b ! brood bees be+ left--or only "o-f\r? ( ! population4 ,9 prep>ation = flight1 bees comm5ce fill+ _! honey-bags1 tak+ suffici5t1 x is said1 = ?ree days' su/5ance4 ,?is /ore is ne$ful1 n only = food1 b to enable !m to comm5ce ! secretion ( wax & ! build+ ( combs 9 _! new domicile4 ,on ! day ( emigration ! wea!r mu/ be f9e1 w>m1 & cle>1 ) b little w9d /irr+2 = ! old que51 l a prud5t matron1 w n v5ture out unless ! day is 9 e way fav\rable4 ,:il/ h] maje/y hesitates1 ei!r = ! reasons we h m5tion$ or because ! int]nal arrangem5ts are n suffici5tly matur$1 ! bees w (t5 fly ab\t or hang 9 clu/]s at ! entrance ( ! hive = two or ?ree days & nights toge!r1 all lab\r mean:ile be+ app>5tly susp5d$4 ,:5 ?is clu/] is =m$ 9 ! morn+ h\rs1 & gr[s con/antly l>g] 9 spite ( ! sun1 x may be tak5 z ! sign ( a v spe$y />t4 ,! busy flitt+ ( o!r bees ar\nd ?is clu/]1 or _! sport+ 9 numb]s be=e ! hive1 are also reliable signs1 & "s h includ$ ! appe>ance ( drones at t5 9 ! morn+4 ,at ! la/1 :5 ! "t is q fix$1 ! bees 9 ! clu/] sudd5ly return to ! hive to fill !mselves ) honey = ! flight4 ,! agitation ( ! little folk is well describ$ by ,evans3-- ,see :]e1 ) hurri$ /ep1 ! impassion$ ?rong ,pace o'er ! hive1 & seem1 ) pla9tive song1 ,to invite _! loit]+ que52 n[ range ! floor1 ,& hang 9 clu/]$ columns f ! door2 ,or n[ 9 re/less r+s ar\nd !y fly1 ,nor spoil !y sip1 nor load ! holl[$ ?igh2 ,e'en ! dull drone 8 wont$ ease gives o'er1 ,flaps ! unwieldy w+1 & longs to so>4 ,b :5 all is ready1 a sc5e ( ! mo/ viol5t agitation takes place2 ! bees ru% out 9 va/ numb]s1 =m+ q a d>k cl\d z !y trav]se ! air4 ,! "t select$ = ! dep>ture ( ! emigrants is g5]ally betwe5 #aj a4m4 & #c p4m42 mo/ sw>ms come (f )9 an h\r ( noon4 ,9 v sultry wea!r !y h be5 kn[n to be z e>ly z #g a4m41 & on ! o!r h& z late z #e p4m41 ?\gh ?is la/ probably only occurs :5 a "y que5 leads ! deta*m5t4 ,z a rule1 says ,von ,b]leps*1 fir/ sw>ms />t 9 ! morn+ & aft]-sw>ms 9 ! aft]noon4 ,x is a v g5]al rem>k t bees *oose a ,sunday = sw>m+1 & probably ?is is because !n great] /illness reigns ar\nd4 ,x w n be difficult to imag9e t ! c>eful bee-keep] is anxi\s to keep a /rict wat*1 le/ he %\ld lose su* a treasure :5 once x takes w+4 ,! excit+ sc5e at a bee-sw>m+ has be5 well describ$ by ! api>ian laureate3-- ,m\nts ! glad *ief6 &1 to ! *eat$ eye1 ,t5 ?\s& %uttles d>t along ! sky1 ,z swift ?r\gh e!r rise ! ru%+ sw>ms1 ,gay danc+ to ! beam _! sun-bright =ms1 ,& ea* ?9 =m1 /ill l+]+ on ! sight1 ,trails1 z x %oots1 a l9e ( silv] light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,high pois$ on buoyant w+1 ! ?\ghtful que5 ,9 gaze att5tive views ! v>i$ sc5e1 ,& soon h] f>-/ret*$ k5 disc]ns bel[ ,! light laburnum lift h] poli%$ br[1 ,wave h] gre5 leafy r+lets o'er ! glade1 ,& seem to beckon to h] fri5dly %ade4 ,swift z ! falcon's sweep1 ! mon>* b5ds ,h] flight abrupt3 ! foll[+ ho/ desc5ds2 ,r\nd ! f9e twig1 l clu/]$ grapes1 !y close ,9 ?ick5+ wrea?s1 & c\rt a %ort repose4 ,z x (t5 happ5s ) aft]-sw>ms t m ?an "o "y que5 is hat*$ be=e ! />t is made1 ! pres5ce ( ^! may cause irregul> & puzzl+ behavi\r 9 ! bees4 ,lang/ro? m5tions a case 9 :i* no less ?an eight que5s mu/ h />t$ ?us toge!r1 & ,von ,b]leps* once met ) ! same numb]2 :ile ,spitzn] f\nd a sw>m ) s _m z tw5ty-"o1 b ?is happ5$ f\rte5 days aft] ! return to ! hive ( ! fir/ sw>m1 :i* _h lo/ its que54 ,z m5tion$ 9 ! section on ,! ,que51 x is n altoge!r a r>e occurr5ce1 ?\gh c]ta9ly ! exception1 = m ?an "o mon>* to settle d[n toge!r4 ,9 "o ,am]ican case no few] ?an five colonies once took up _! qu>t]s 9 a s+le l>ge box1 & rema9$ !re ?r\gh a season unit$ yet divid$4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! que5 is n 9 ! sw>m at all1 ! bees sometimes return at once to ! hive1 & sometimes !y fir/ in/itute a se>* = h] maje/y4 ,9 ! fam\s b cruel exp]im5t ( ,dr4 ,w>d] a :ole sw>m 0 />v$ to dea? by alt]nate deprivations & re/orations ( _! que5 repeat$ at int]vals dur+ five days4 ,( c\rse 9 8 day ?is devotion 0 attribut$ to p]sonal reg>d4 ,exceptional cases ( ano!r k9d are also n uncommon1 9 :i* a colony has made no prep>ation = sw>m+ 7by ! =mation ( royal cells71 b on ! sudd5 arrival ( w>m wea!r x is entic$--,dzi]zon says by ! heat itself4 ,von ,b]leps* by ! contagi\s example ( neighb\r+ hives--to c>ry out 9 a hurry t :i* ought to h receiv$ "s t5 days' prelim9>y c>e4 ,an int]nal revolution is made1 says ! ,b>on1 & !y ru% =? = ! sw>m4 ,! que51 z becomes ! pseudo-sov]eign ( a democratic mon>*y1 ha/5s to prove to h] p _! mo/ ob$i5t s]vant1 & !re ! sw>m is1 hang+ on ! fir/ conv5i5t tree4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ x w 9 su* case be f\nd t work] cells h be5 trans=m$ into royal ones4 ,an in/ance illu/rat+ ! way 9 :i* bees sometimes make provision be=eh& ( a place to fly to :5 ab\t to sw>m came "u our own notice a few ye>s s9ce4 ,a lady :o liv$ ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f our api>y s5t to u to say t a sw>m _h gone 9 at a hole ov] h] /able1 & to ask u to come & hive !m4 ,on our go+ to d s h] g>d5] told u t he _h se5 ?ree days previ\s two or ?ree bees z if reconnoitr+2 next day sev]al came1 & ab\t elev5 o'clock on ! ?ird day ! :ole sw>m w5t 9 & took up _! position betwe5 ! raft]s "u ! floor+4 ,! difficulty 0 n[ to get at !m4 ,a c>p5t] 0 s5t =1 ! bo>ds 7 tak5 up1 a hive 0 set ov]1 ) a brood comb plac$ 9 x to attract !m1 & by d9t ( smoke & bru%+ ) a fea!r1 ! que5 & h] ret9ue 7 coax$ to asc5d into ! hive4 ,"s ( ! bees _h already gone out to =age1 & !re 7 _m fly+ ab\t t _h n settl$2 s to secure ^! & make x easy = !m1 we br\ght ! hive out1 & erect$ a sort ( plat=m on a pair ( /eps close to ! hole1 :i* we /opp$4 ,by nighttime all ! out-fly+ bees _h jo9$ ! sw>m & 7 easily remov$4 ,we ought to m5tion t we recognis$ ?is sw>m f ! appe>ance ( ! bees z ^? f ! ,c>niolan hive left "u our c>e by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,cotton 7page #de71 & z ! que5 ) ! sw>m 0 ! orig9al1 we _h to ask t we might be all[$ to take ! bees back if we provid$ a sw>m ( ! ord9>y ,engli% bees1 :i* (f] 0 accept$4 ,mr4 ,cotton ev5tually took ?is colony to 8 resid5ce at ,frod%am ne> ,*e/]1 & we kept ! /ock1 :i* ( c\rse _h a new que54 ,! bees did n long reta9 _! di/9ctive features4 ,a sw>m ( bees1 9 a natural /ate1 conta9s f #aj1jjj to #bj1jjj insects4 ,on an av]age1 says ,dzi]zon1 we may call #bj1jjj a /rong sw>m1 #ab1jjj to #ae1jjj a mod]ate "o1 & #f1jjj to #h1jjj a weak "o4 ,von ,b]leps* by a v c>eful exp]im5t e/imat$ t !re 7 #e1fjj unload$ bees 9 a p\nd1 s t :5 load$ = sw>m+ !re w\ld c]ta9ly n be m ?an #d1jjj4 ,a good sw>m w !re=e weigh f ?ree to five p\nds4 ,we h kn[n sw>ms n heavi] ?an two p\nds & a half t 7 9 v excell5t condition 9 ,augu/ z reg>ds /ore = ! w9t]2 ?\gh ! ,b>on's exp]im5ts %[$ ) rem>kable con=mity t = a new sw>m six p\nds 0 proportionally m pr(itable ?an any o!r weight1 l>g] or small]4 ,= a fully furni%$ hive1 he /ates1 !re seems really no limit b t ( space--! m bees ! bett]4 ,hi!rto our rem>ks h _h ref]5ce to fir/ or prime sw>ms2 ^! are ! be/1 & :5 a sw>m is pur*as$1 su* %\ld be b>ga9$ =4 ,b !re are also second sw>ms1 kn[n among/ cottage bee-keep]s z ca/s1 "o ( :i* is (t5 f\nd to issue f ! hive n9e or t5 days aft] ! fir/ has dep>t$2 9 v r>e cases su* has be5 kn[n z e>ly z ! ?ird or z late z ! sev5te5? day4 ,x is n always t a second sw>m issues1 z s mu* dep5ds on ! /r5g? ( ! /ock1 ! wea!r1 & o!r causes2 b %\ld ! bees det]m9e to ?r[ out ano!r1 ! fir/ hat*$ que5 9 ! /ock hive is prev5t$ by h] subjects f de/roy+ ! o!r royal pr9cesses1 z %e w\ld d if left to h] own w4 ,%e 9 consequ5ce becomes highly indignant2 &1 :5 ?w>t$ 9 h] purpose1 utt]s1 9 quick succession1 %rill angry s\nds1 mu* resembl+ ,peep1 peep1#ae commonly call$ pip+1 b :i* m c\rtly api>ians h /yl$ ! vox regalis4 ,! pr9cesses answ] h] 9 a some:at diff]5t note--^! be+1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 by ?is "t p]fectly develop$ que5s1 b afraid to quit _! cells1 :]e accord+ly ! brood bees fe$ !m4 ,footnote #ae3 ,s all ,engli% writ]s4 ,bees 9 ,g]many evid5tly speak a diff]5t language1 = !re ! reign+ que5 cries1 ,th1 th1 :ile h] imprison$ rival answ]s1 ,quah1 quah4 ,?is royal wail+ cont9ues dur+ ! ev5+1 & is sometimes s l\d z to be di/9ctly audible _m y>ds f ! hive4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 a sw>m may usually be expect$ ei!r on ! next day or at late/ )9 ?ree days1 unless ! wea!r causes a long] po/ponem5t4 ,?is s\nd1 :5 p]sev]$ 91 is a sure sign ( ! issu+ ( an aft]-sw>m1 b x is 9 su* case almo/ ! only sign1 & x mu/ be not$ t ev5 :5 ! bees d n int5d to sw>m x may sometimes be he>d a day or two aft] a second sw>m has left4 ,if n he>d x may be conclud$ t sw>m+ is at an end4 ,! second sw>m is n q s *>y ( wea!r z ! fir/2 x 0 ! old lady :o ex]cis$ s mu* caution1 dislik+ to leave home except 9 ! be/ ( summ] wea!r4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ow+ to fav\rable bre$+ sea sons & prolific que5s1 a ?ird sw>m issues f ! hive 7usually aft] int]vals ( two or ?ree days71 :i* is t]m$ a colt2 & 9 rem>kable in/ances ev5 a f\r? 7aft] ano!r day's int]val71 :i* 9 ru/ic phrase is designat$ a filly4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? says t he once _h a fif?1 & all five 9 ! c\rse ( a =tnight4 ,a sw>m f a sw>m is call$ a maid5 sw>m1 &1 accord+ to bee !ory1 w aga9 h ! old que5 = its lead]3 if su* does occur x w probably be at ab\t a mon? aft] ! hiv+4 ,! orig9al colony1 ( "o or m ye>s' duration1 is kn[n z a /ock4 ,:5 sw>m+ is ov] = ! season any pr9cesses rema9+ 9 cells are torn out & de/roy$ z be=e /at$1 or else left to ! t5d] m]cies ( ! reign+ sov]eign4 ,b n[ & !n "o ( !m slips pa/ h] assailants1 & !n1 says ,von ,b]leps*1 !re ensues a regul> hunt1 :i* ,i h sev]al times obs]v$ ?r\gh ! hive w9d[4 ,! que51 well kn[+ ! fate t is 9 /ore = h]1 ru%es away1 & ! bees pursue2 :5 seiz$ by ! feet or ! w+s %e cries out pitiably1 & "o que5 s mov$ my compassion t ,i lib]at$ h]1 put h] 9 a que5 cage1 suppli$ h] ) work]s & comb on a foll[+ day1 &1 z %e became successfully f]tilis$1 br\ght h] ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,,xii4 ,,increase ,,( ,,bees4 ,9 ! section ^u ,! ,que5 we h giv5 7page #aj7 "s p>ticul>s z to ! rate ( bre$+ ) bees4 ,! ne$ful expansion = ?is rapid developm5t is f\nd 9 ! above process ( sw>m+1 by :i* !y provide !mselves ) fre% space1 & plant new colonies4 ,b ! object ( ! bee-ma/] is to tra9 & educate 8 bees1 & 9 s do+ he avoids mu* ( ! risk & tr\ble :i* is incurr$ by all[+ ! busy folk to foll[ _! own devices4 ,! v>i\s me?ods = ?is end adopt$ by api>ians all come "u ! t]m ( ! depriv+ sy/em1 & !y =m "p ( ! great object ( humane & economical bee-keep+1 :i* is to save ! bees alive in/ead ( slaught]+ !m z "u ! old clumsy rgime4 ,a v natural "q is (t5 ask$3 ,h[ is x t1 ^u ! depriv+ sy/em1 :]e our object is to prev5t sw>m+1 ! increase ( numb]s is n s great z ^u ! old plan8 ,x w be se5 t ! lay+ ( eggs is p]=m$ by ! que5 only1 & t !re is b "o que5 to ea* hive2 s t :]e sw>m+ is prev5t$ !re rema9s only "o hive or /ock1 z ! sup]flu\s pr9cesses are n all[$ to come to maturity4 ,if all ^? pr9cesses 7 to become mon>*s1 or "m bees1 & to emigrate ) a proportionate numb] ( work]s1 increase w\ld be go+ on m rapidly2 b ! old /ock w\ld be s impov]i%$ !reby z possibly to yield no surplus honey1 :il/ ! sw>ms might come (f too late = !m to collect suffici5t /ore :]eon to gr[ popul\s en\gh to )/& ! w9t]4 ,) bees1 z ) m51 union is /r5g?2 & x is (t5 bett] to induce !m to rema9 z "o family1 r ?an to "p numb]s at a late p]iod ( ! honey-ga!r+ season1 )\t a prospect ( support+ !mselves1 & s p]i% f cold & hung] dur+ ! ordeal ( ! w9t] season4 ,?is is "o ( ! great secrets ( successful bee-keep+4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro?'s recomm5dation is t none b ! mo/ exp]i5c$ api>ians %\ld attempt at ! fur!/ to d m ?an treble _! /ocks 9 "o ye>4 ,ev5 d\bl+ !m1 he says1 is (t5 too rapid an increase = obta9+ sp>e honey4 ,our plan ( giv+ additional /orage-room w1 g5]ally speak+1 prev5t sw>m+4 ,?is /ay-at-home policy1 we cont5d1 is an advantage2 = in/ead ( ! loss ( "t consequ5t ^u a sw>m hang+ out prep>atory to flight1 all ! bees are engag$ 9 collect+ honey1 & t at a "t :5 ! wea!r is mo/ fav\rable & ! food mo/ abundant4 ,^u ! old sy/em ! sw>m leaves ! hive simply because ! dwell+ has n be5 enl>g$ at ! "t :5 ! bees are increas+4 ,^u ! antiquat$ & inhuman plan :]e s great a de/ruction takes place by ! brim/one mat*1 bre$+ mu/1 ( c\rse1 be all[$ to g on to its full ext5t to make up = su* sacrifices4 ,our *ief object "u ! new sy/em is to obta9 honey free f all extrane\s matt]4 ,no "o c dep5d ^u ga!r+ pure honey f combs :]e /or+ & bre$+ are p]=m$ 9 ! same comp>tm5t4 ,= full] explanations on ?is po9t we ref] to ! v>i\s descriptions ( our improv$ hives 9 a subsequ5t *apt] ( ?is "w4 ,we (t5 receive f ,scotl& magnific5t boxes ( honey2 & ?\gh ! f9e quality is no d\bt to be 9 "p attribut$ to good pa/urage1 x is l>gely ow+ to keep+ ! /ocks /rong1 & ?us hav+ hives well /or$ & well populat$ e>ly 9 ! season4 ,a weakly hive w take "s weeks1 if n mon?s1 to gr[ popul\s2 & z soon z ! /r5g? ( ! hive has recov]$1 ! honey season w h advanc$1 if n end$1 :il/ ! /rong /ocks h be5 able to take full advantage ( ! supplies1 hav+ an abundance ( lab\r]s to collect ! honey & /ore x 9 sup]s = _! ma/]4 ,!re c n[ be sc>cely two op9ions z to ! uselessness ( ! ru/ic plan ( immolat+ ! poor bees aft] !y h /riv5 ?r\gh ! summ] s to improve ea* %9+ h\r4 ,! anci5ts 9 ,greece & ,italy took ! surplus honey & sp>$ ! bees1 & n[ = e intellig5t bee-keep] !re are ample appliances :]e) to atta9 ! same results4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? quotes f ! ,g]man ! foll[+ epitaph1 :i*1 he says1 might be prop]ly plac$ ov] e pit ( brim/on$ bees3-- ,"h ,re/s1 ,,cut ,,(f ,,f ,,useful ,,lab\r1 ,a ,,colony ,,( ,,indu/ri\s ,,bees1 ,,basely ,,murd]$ ,,by ,,its ,,ungrateful ,,& ,,ignorant ,,own]4 ,& ,?omson1 ! poet ( ,! ,seasons1 has record$ an eloqu5t poetic prote/ aga9/ ! b>b>\s practice1 = :i*1 h[ev]1 9 8 day !re 0 no alt]native3-- ,ah6 see1 :]e1 robb$ & murd]$1 9 t pit ,lies ! /ill-heav+ hive6 at ev5+ snat*$1 ,b5ea? ! cl\d ( guilt-conceal+ night1 ,& fix$ o'er sulphur2 :ile1 n dream+ ill1 ,! happy p1 9 _! wax5 cells1 ,sat t5d+ public c>es1 & plann+ s*emes ,( temp]ance1 = w9t] poor2 rejoic$ ,to m>k1 full fl[+ r\nd1 _! copi\s /ores4 ,sudd51 ! d>k1 oppressive /eam asc5ds2 ,&1 us$ to mild] sc5ts1 ! t5d] race ,by ?\s&s tumble f _! honey$ domes1 ,convolv$ & agonis+ 9 ! du/4 ,x w be our pleas+ task1 9 subsequ5t *apt]s2 to %[ a m excell5t way4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,anatomy ,,& ,,physiology4 ,i4 ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 ,,al?\gh ! pr9cipal object 9 compil+ ! pres5t "w has be5 to induct our read]s into ! way ( keep+ bees accord+ to ! mo/ rec5t & approv$ me?ods1 x requires little apology = ?us app>5tly deviat+ f su* prescrib$ c\rse by devot+ a small portion ( our space to a description ( ! anatomy ( ! wond]ful little creatures ^: lab\rs all our contrivances are int5d$ to assi/1 especially s9ce a k ( _! habits is n only int]e/+ to ! bee-keep]1 b enables him to conduct 8 api>y 9 accordance !re)4 ,9 a treatise ( ?is k9d1 int5d$ to be ( a popul> "*1 we %all endeav\r to place ^! details be=e our read]s 9 a concise & simple mann]1 avoid+ z mu* z may be te*nical t]ms1 & ref]r+ ^? :o wi% to g m deeply into ?is bran* ( ! subject to ! works ( ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 ,samuelson1 etc4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our descriptions we %all frequ5tly ref] to ! /eel engrav+s1 ,plates ,i4 & ,,ii41 drawn by ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,rob9son1 arti/ to ! ,entomological ,society ( ,london1 :o has mo/ c>efully dissect$ bees we s5t him = ! purpose1 subject$ ^! dissections to ! microscope1 & skilfully produc$ ! accompany+ illu/rations1 :i* w s mu* assi/ ! purpose we h 9 view4 ,^! del9eations are s cle> t a little explanation w suffice to imp>t a full und]/&+ ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! bee4 ,because ! bee is s small an insect we are n to neglect inve/igat+ its organisation4 ,! bee is little among su* z fly1 b h] fruit is ! *ief ( sweet ?+s4 ,! enlight5$ ,boyle1 :5 contemplat+ ! wond]s ( ,nature1 decl>$ t 8 a/oni%m5t _h be5 m excit$ by ! mite ?an by ! elephant2 & t 8 admiration dwelt n s mu* on ! docks z on ! wat*es ( creation4#af ,footnote #af3 ,dr4 ,bevan4 ,! ,figures i1 #b1 & #c1 9 ,plate ,l1 respectively repres5t ! ext]ior =ms ( ! que51 ! work]1 & ! drone4 ,!y are ?us col\r$ = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ ! ,yell[ ,italian ,alp1 or ,ligurian bee1 n[ des]v$ly held 9 su* high e/imation by bee-keep]s1 & ( ^: good qualities we h already rem>k$4 ,all ! bees con/itut+ a /ock may n be ( q s bright a col\r z ^? repres5t$3 ! old bees diff] 9 appe>ance f ! y\ng] ones--d>k5$ bodies & ragg$ w+s1 n grey hairs & wr9kl$ faces1 are ! signs ( old age--s t ) bees 7especially ,italians71 z ) ! g5tl] sex ( ! human race1 !re is appo9t$ a p]iod bo? ( y\? & beauty4 ,! anatomical /ructure ( our ,engli% bee is ! same 9 k9d z t ( ! ,italian2#ag a description ( ! "o w !re=e s]ve = ! o!r4 ,! mo/ app>5t diff]5ce consi/s 9 ! col\r4 ,! ,engli% bee is ( a blacki% br[n2 bo? v>ieties h _! bodies :olly cov]$ ) close-set hairs4 ,^! hairs des]ve p>ticul> att5tion1 because1 al?\gh s small1 ea* hair is fea!r-%ap$1 consi/+ ( a /em & bran*es some:at analog\s to ! fea!rs ( birds4 ,?is =m is extremely s]viceable to ! insect1 :5 revell+ 9 ! corolla ( fl[]s1 to collect ! f>9a1 &1 besides be+ ?us useful1 is peculi>ly adapt$ = reta9+ animal heat4#ah ,footnote #ag3 ,naturali/s consid] ! ,italian bee a ,v sup]ior race1 & t ! v>i\s organs are /rong] & ( great] capacity2 x is h[ev] n easy to def9e ! precise anatomical sup]iority4 ,footnote #ah3 ,naturali/'s ,libr>y4 ,! insect is divid$ into ?ree p>ts--! head1 ! ?orax or *e/1 & ! abdom54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,e4 ,w4 ,rob9son1 ,delt4 et ,scp4 #ahfe4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,head ,,& ,,organs ,,( ,,s5sation4 ,! head ( ! que5 7,plate ,i4 ,fig4 #a c71 z also t ( ! drone 7,fig4 #c c71 is r\nd] ?an t ( ! work] bee4 ,?is la/ 7,fig4 #b c7 is ( a triangul> %ape1 & mu* flatt5$1 z 9 ,fig4 #b c991 :i* %[s ! side view4 ,9 common ) o!r creatures1 ! head conta9s ! inlet = nutrition1 & is ! seat ( ! pr9cipal organs ( s5sation4 ,9 ! figures be=e allud$ to may be se5 ! d\ble visual app>atus ) :i* bees are provid$4 ,! oval lobes on ea* side ( ! head repres5t ! two eyes1 ! second>y organs ( vision be+ ! ?ree small eyes on ! top ( ! head1 call$ /emmata4 ,we %all fir/ describe ! two l>g] eyes1 :i*1 z seems to be ! case ) all insects1 are immovable1 & h nei!r irides nor pupils1 nor yet eyelids to cov] !m1 b are protect$ f ! du/ or poll5 ( fl[]s by a numb] ( small hairs1 z well z by a horny tunicle1 :i* def5ds & secures !m f injury4 ,! multitude ( hexagonal l5ses1 call$ ocelli1 :i* make up ! eye ( a bee1 give x1 :5 view$ ?r\gh a microscope1 ! appe>ance ( honeycomb2 or we might comp>e x to a multiply+-glass ) hexah$ral facets1 ea* facet repres5t+ ! surface ( "o ocellus4 ,b :5 we look also to ! inn] /ructure1 x resembles r "s ?\s&s ( telescopes all conv]g+ t[>ds "o po9t4 ,x has be5 comput$ t 9 ea* eye !re are #c1ejj ( ^! collat]al l5ses4 ,fig4 #e 9 ,plate ,,ii4 repres5ts ?ree ( ^! prisms or l5ses magnifi$4 ,ea* ( !m is wond]fully intricate 9 /ructure1 compris+1 fir/ two plano-convex l5ses ( diff]5t d5sities1 fitt$ toge!r on ! flat sides on ! pr9ciple ( an a*romatic object-glass2 next an empty space surr\nd$ ) d>k pigm5t1 :i* is convex )9 l ! neck ( a vase1 s z to n>r[ ! passage = ! rays to ab\t "o-half ! diamet]1 or "o-f\r? ! sup]ficial space2 & la/ly a long] conical l5s1 convex at ea* end & communicat+ ) ! optic n]ve4 ,! simple eyes1 or /emmata1 on ! contr>y1 are z /rictly simple z _! "n implies1 consi/+ ( "o ne>ly globul> l5s apiece4 ,! con/ruction ( ! eye = see+ objects be/ at a mod]ate di/ance w acc\nt = ! fact t bees m\nt high up into ! air aft] collect+ _! /ore ( food1 & !n1 hav+ det]m9$ ! po9t1 no matt] h[ f> (f1 !y fly homew>ds ) ! directness ( a cannon-ball1 & alight at ! door ( _! own habitation1 ?\gh ! c\ntry ar\nd may be cr[d$ ) hives2 b on rea*+ ! entrance _! vision appe>s defective1 = !y !n feel _! way ) ! ant5n z if totally bl9d1 & %\ld ! hive h be5 mov$ a little !y w rise aga9 into ! air to obta9 a m di/ant view1 suit$ to ! l5g!n$ focus ( _! sight4 ,:5 a /ock or sw>m is br\ght f a di/ance ! bees d n take _! dep>ture at once1 b reconnoitre a:ile1 visit+ surr\nd+ objects s z to well "k ! spot aga9 9 ord] to return !reto4 ,! di/9ct purposes ( ! two diff]5t k9ds ( eyes may n p]haps be yet det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty1 b ,pa/or ,s*nfeld 7:om ,von ,b]leps* employs to write ^? sections ( 8 own "w t relate to ! s5ses ( bees1 z be+ beyond d\bt ! be/-in=m$ ( api>ians on ^! subjects7 gives a decid$ op9ion t ! /emmata s]ve only = ! mo/ di/ant objects1 :ile ! comp\nd eyes1 :i* are mu* m highly refractive1 become available :5 clos] at h&4 ,?us ^! eyes1 :i* we comp>$ to telescopes1 are cr$it$ ) ! lea/ ( telescopic p[]1 & s]ve = ne>] obs]vation aft] all4 ,h[ mu* ne>]1 h[ev]1 we are n yet 9 a position to say1 & no?+ ne$ be )drawn ( :at is /at$ above z to ! f>-sight$ness ( bees4 ,! comp\nd eyes are assum$ to be also s]viceable 9 ! twilight1 & ?us to af=d "s vision 9 ! int]ior ( a hive4 ,x is wor? m5tion+1 z a r>e complim5t f a ,g]man to an ,engli% api>ian1 t ,s*nfeld decl>es ! be/ anatomical description ( ! eyes ( our insect to be giv5 by ,samuelson 9 8 "w1 ,! ,honey ,bee4#ai ,footnote #ai3 ,! complim5t belongs d\btless to ,dr4 ,hicks1 to :om ! anatomical portion ( t "w is presumably due4 ,! m\? ( ! bee is a mo/ complex /ructure1 m>vell\sly adapt$ = its duties1 & consi/s ( ! labrum1 or upp] lip1 ) ! m&ibles1 or upp] gills1 & ( ! labium1 or l[] lip1 :i* is made up ( ! ligula or tongue1 also call$ ! proboscis1 ! labial palpi1 & ! p>agloss1 toge!r ) ! maxill1 or l[] gills--we adopt ?is ^w gills f ! ,g]man = want ( a bett]4 ,! jaws op5 v]tically1 b ! m&ibles1 maxill1 & palpi "w horizontally1 & s]ve z p9c]s or scissors4 ,! m&ibles are ! two side pieces :i* con/itute ! work+ portion ( ! upp] jaw4 ,fig4 #a d 9 ,plate ,i4 %[s ! m&ible ( ! que51 :i*1 l t ( ! drone 7,fig4 #c d71 is provid$ ) two tee?1 :il/ ! m&ible ( ! work] 7,fig4 #b d7 is )\t tee?4 ,?is la/ hav+ to manipulate ! wax ) smoo?ness1 ! tee? w\ld d\btless be objectionable4 ,^! m&ibles are /rong1 horny1 & %>p-po9t$1 to assi/ 9 break+ d[n food1 & 9 o!r respects con/itute s]viceable tools = seiz+ _! enemies1 eject+ ! drones1 etc4 ,! tongue 7,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #c71 or proboscis1 is a long sl5d] projection1 flatti% 9 =m1 & ab\t ! ?ickness ( a bri/le4 ,x has ab\t =ty c>tilag9\s r+s1 ea* ( :i* is fr+$ ) m9ute hairs1 hav+ also a small tuft ( hair at its extremity1 :]e x is some:at s]rat$4 ,9 movem5t x is l ! trunk ( an elephant1 & is susceptible ( ext5sion & contraction1 b5d+ & twi/+ 9 all directions2 & by roll+ ab\t1 x sweeps or laps up1 by means ( ! fr+es ar\nd x1 ev]y?+ to :i* x is appli$4 ,?us1 :5 a bee alights ^u a fl[]1 x pi]ces ! petals & /am5s1 :]e ! nect> is secret$1 & deposits its collection on ! tongue1 f :5ce x passes into ! gullet 7,plate ,i4 ,fig4 #b c7 at its base4 ,at times1 9 build+ combs1 ! tongue is us$ z a tr[el1 ) :i* ! m9ute scales ( wax are deposit$ 9 _! appropriate places1 & ! desir$ f9i% is giv5 to ! cells4 ,?is organ has be5 d5i$ by "s to be a holl[ tube1 b ?is is n ! view g5]ally held1 & x c]ta9ly does n act :olly by h&+ up ! food1 = !re is a furr[ or gutt] runn+ along ! :ole l5g? ( its "u side4 ,?us1 :5 a bee is imbib+ honey ! r+s ( ! abdom5 h a vibratory motion simil> to pump+1 %[+ to ! casual obs]v] t suction is rapidly go+ on4 ,dr4 ,bevan tells u t ! true tongue is an extremely m9ute object at ! base ( ! maxill2 b ?is appe>s to h be5 a mi/ake ( 8 own4 ,! labial palpi 7,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #c o7 rise f ! base ( ea* side ( ?is lapp+ in/rum5t1 & are also ciliat$ ext]iorly4 ,!y appe> to s]ve z feel]s to ! m\?4 ,betwe5 ^! & ! tongue are ! two small %ea?s or membranes call$ ! p>agloss2 & outside ( ! same are ! work+ portions ( ! l[] jaw1 or ! maxill 7,fig4 #c n71 :i* are also provid$ ) hairs & ) two feel]s midway kn[n z maxill>y palpi4 ,:5 ! jaws close on ! tongue !y =m a %ea? or def5ce !reto4 ,) ! m&ibles ( ! upp] jaw op5+ "r & left1 & ! maxill ( ! l[]1 :i* s]ve to hold ! object lab\r$ ^u1 ! insect prep>es its "w = ! sweep+-up app>atus ( ! l[] p>ts4 ,?us1 :5 combs become m\ldy1 or 9 any way unfit receptacles = brood or honey1 ^! tools provid$ by ,nature s]ve ! place ( h&s1 & ! bees are able to *op up 9 small pieces1 & remove f _! dwell+1 :atev] lumb] ( ?is k9d may be (f5sive to !m4 ,!y are appli$ also = op5+ ! an!rs ( fl[]s4 ,! :ole ( ?is app>atus1 :ile p]fect 9 action 9 an exp&$ /ate1 c be fold$ or coil$ toge!r :5 n 9 use1 s z to =m "o /rong & well-protect$ in/rum5t4 ,! ant5n 7,plate ,i4 ,figs4 #a a1 #b a1 #c a7 are mo/ important in/rum5ts1 & are plant$ betwe5 or bel[ ! eyes & a little bel[ ! /emmata1 "o on ea* side2 !y consi/ ( a numb] ( tubul> jo9ts1 ea* hav+ a sep>ate motion1 &1 be+ ?us jo9t$ ?r\gh\t _! :ole l5g?1 !y are capable ( e v>iety ( flexure1 & _! extremities are exquisitely s5sitive4 ,) ! ant5n ^! insects recognise _! que51 & appe> to communicate to ea* o!r _! joys & sorr[s4 ,= in/ance1 if a colony be depriv$ ( its que51 bees may be se5 ru%+ ab\t ! hive1 &1 ) a n]v\s tw+e1 cross+ _! ant5n or viol5tly /rik+ !m toge!r1 & convey+ ! intellig5ce ( _! =lorn /ate4 ,! s5se ( t\* is "h mo/ acute4 ,hub] p]=m$ an int]e/+ exp]im5t :i* def9itely prov$ t x 0 by means ( ^! organs t !y communicat$ ) ea* o!r4 ,divid+ a hive by a grat+ :i* kept ! two portions too widely ap>t = ! ant5n to meet1 he soon _h ! que5less half 9 a /ate ( commotion & upset2 b :5 he all[$ ^! feel]s ! means ( access1 ?\gh no?+ else c\ld be pass$ ?r\gh1 he saw !m by hundr$s mak+ _! enquiries1 & receiv+ answ]s1 :i* result$ 9 ! :ole rema9+ tranquil4 ,! same obs]v] tri$ ! exp]im5t ( depriv+ two que5s ( _! ant5n & introduc+ bo? to ! same hive1 :5 ! bees did n appe> to "k _! own f ! /rang]2 b ! mom5t he add$ a ?ird1 /ill 9 possession ( ^! organs1 !y fell ^u h] ) murd]\s int5t4 ,hub] fur!r po9ts out t a moonlight night is ! be/ "t = obs]v+ ! use ( ! ant5n z feel]s4 ,! bees1 if x is w>m1 circumambulate _! doors1 to all appe>ance z vigilant s5t9els1 ) ^! app5dages /ret*$ "r be=e !m2 & woe to ! mo? t comes )9 rea*--! in/ant x is felt its dea? foll[s4 ,! s5se ( he>+ has be5 d5i$ bees by "s1 b aga9/ all evid5ce2 o!rs cont5d t ! seat ( ?is p[] is also situate 9 _! ant5n4 ,! s\nds :i* bees emit1 p>ticul>ly at sw>m+ "t1 are conclusive t !y possess ?is faculty2 ! only reasons = arriv+ at an opposite conclusion seem to be1 t !y are indiff]5t to mo/ s\nds1 ev5 ! l\de/1 n emitt$ by !mselves--b ev5 to ?is !re is ! notable exception ( ! fright !y ev9ce at drumm+ on _! hives--& t no precise organ ( he>+ c be f\nd4 ,naturali/s are n[ m unit$ 9 ! op9ion t ! seat ( he>+ is "h locat$4 ,! ant5n are said to h also ano!r (fice1 viz41 t !y act z a b>omet]1 by :i* bees "k ! /ale ( ! wea!r & are premoni%$ ( /orms2 ! d>k5+ ( ! sky seems1 h[ev]1 to be frequ5tly ! cause ( _! troop+ homew>d1 ?\gh !y c>e n = ! l\de/ ?und]1 s long z ! sun cont9ues to %9e4 ,9 ! d>k recesses ( ! hive ! feel]s are exce$+ly s]viceable1 & may truly be d5om9at$ eyes to ! bl9d4 ,bees possess acutely ! s5se ( smell1 &1 attract$ by ! fragrance ( fl[]s1 !y may be se5 w++ _! way a consid]able di/ance 9 an undeviat+ c\rse1 ev5 sometimes 9 ! face ( wea!r :i* "o might h ?\ght !y w\ld n h brav$4 ,! precise seat ( ?is s5se1 h[ev]1 is ano!r d\btful po9t4 ,dr4 ,dnh(f ascribes ?is also to ! ant5n1 /at+ t if ^! are cut (f ! bees lose ! faculty1 b rega9 x aft] a "t4 ,s*nfeld takes ?is z prov+ ! case ! o!r way2 b are we n famili> ) analogies 9 :i* on ! loss ( "s organ its function has be5 develop$ else:]e--especially :5 z "h ! rudim5ts ( ! lo/ "p mu/ h rema9$8 ,s*nfeld's own surmise is t ! faculty resides 9 ! surfaces ( ! inn] respiratory organs2 ,dr4 ,hicks 7! assi/ant au?or ( ,samuelson's ,honey ,bee7 places x 9 a numb] ( vesicles at ! roots ( ! w+s2 o!rs aga9 attribute x to two depressions 9 ! l[] portion ( ! face4 ,b ,dnh(f's ref]5ce to ! ant5n has exp]im5t1 to our view1 9 its fav\r1 ?\gh ( c\rse n decisively s4 ,b :e!r ?is is correct or n1 ?is pair ( horns play an important "p ) ! useful faculties :i* !y comb9e4 ,) _! extraord9>y devotion to sweets1 bees c h>dly b be possess$ ( a /rong s5se ( ta/e1 ?\gh 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ detect$ occasionally lapp+ ! impure liquids f /able or o!r ftid dra9s1 ,hub] consid]$ x ! lea/ p]fect ( _! s5ses4 ,b x is n[ asc]ta9$ t bees1 l mo/ animals1 are fond ( salt1 & !y !re=e resort to dunghills & /agnant m>%es1 f :i* !y are d\btless able to extract sal9e draughts4 ,x _c be d5i$1 h[ev]1 t1 accord+ to our ideas1 _! ta/e is o!rwise at fault2 ?us x sometimes happ5s t1 :]e onions & leeks ab\nd & are all[$ to run to se$1 bees are s anxi\s to complete _! w9t] /ores1 t1 f fe$+ on ^! plants1 a disagreeable flav\r is communicat$ to ! honey 7see ,*ap4 ,,vi4 iii474 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,?orax ,,& ,,organs ,,( ,,motion4 ,! ?orax or *e/ approa*es 9 figure to a sph]e1 & is unit$ to ! head by a ?read-l ligam5t4 ,?is is ! c5tre ( ! organs ( motion4 ,"h are atta*$ bo? ! muscles t move ! legs & w+s1 & ! legs & w+s !mselves4 ,9 ,fig4 #a ( ,plate ,,ii41 b1 b1 b %[ ! muscles t move ! w+s2 e1 e1 ! bases ( ! w+s4 ,^! app5dages consi/ ( two pairs ( unequal size1 :i* are arrang$ to hook toge!r4 ,9 ,plate ,i4 ,fig4 ,a w be se5 ! m>g9s ( ! two w+s4 ,9 ,fig4 ,b are ! eighte5 or tw5ty hooks plac$ on ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! h9d] w+1 :il/ ! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! =e w+ is beautifully fold$ ov] to receive !m1 s t1 :5 employ$ 9 fann+ = v5tilation1 ! two w+s on ea* side act z "o1 & pres5t an unbrok5 surface to ! air4 ,! w+s ( work]s are l>g] ?an ^? ( ! que51 b ^? ( drones are mu* l>g] /ill4 ,! bee has six legs1 ?ree on ea* side4 ,ea* leg is compos$ ( sev]al jo9ts1 hav+ articulations l a man's arm1 = ! ?igh1 ! leg1 & ! foot4 ,! =emo/ pair ( ^! are ! %orte/2 ! middle pair are some:at long]1 & ) !m ! bee unloads ! little pellets f ! baskets on h] ?ighs2 ! h9dmo/ are ! longe/ ( all4 ,on ! outside ( ! middle jo9t ( ^! la/ !re is1 9 ea* leg1 a small cavity1 9 ! =m ( a m>r[-spoon1 call$ ! poll5 basket4 ,! poll5 is convey$ f ! front to ! second pair ( legs1 & f ^! to ! receptacles 9 ! h9d ones4 ,fig4 #b b 9 ,plate ,i4 %[s ! inn] side ( ! h9d leg & poll5 bru%2 #b b991 ! out] side & poll5 basket4 ,on ent]+ a fl[] a bee (t5 cov]s itself ) poll51 & h5ce ! ne$ = ! bra% app>atus on rea*+ home4 ,! legs are cov]$ ) hairs1 m p>ticul>ly ! edges ( ! cavity m5tion$1 9 :i* ! knead$ poll5 requires to be ma9ta9$ securely4 ,9 ?is !y convey ^? col\r$ loads :i* are s con/antly se5 c>ri$ into a hive4 ,?is basket1 or poll5 groove1 9 ! ?igh is peculi> to ! work]2 nei!r que5 nor drone has any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,ano!r provision ( ! bee's limbs consi/s 9 a pair ( hook's atta*$ to ea* foot1 ) _! po9ts opposite to ea* o!r1 by means ( :i* ! bees susp5d !mselves f ! ro( or sides ( hives1 & cl+ to ea* o!r z !y d at sw>m+ "t or prior to & dur+ ! =mation ( new comb1 ?us =m+ a liv+ curta94 ,9 ^! circum/ances ea* bee1 ) its two =e claws1 takes hold ( ! two h9d] legs ( ! "o next above4 ,?is mode ( susp5sion seems agreeable to !m1 al?\gh ! upp]mo/ 9 ! fe/oon appe> to be dragg$ by ! weight bel[4 ,wildman suppos$ t bees _h a p[] ( di/5d+ !mselves ) air to acquire buoyancy1 & ?us less5 ! burd5 ( ^? at ! top4 ,!y f9d no difficulty 9 extricat+ !mselves f ! mass2 ! mo/ c5tral ( ! gr\p c make its way )\t endang]+ ! /ability ( ! grape-l clu/]4 ,bees are able to walk freely 9 an inv]t$ position1 ei!r on glass or o!r slipp]y sub/ances4 ,! peculi> me*anism ( _! feet1 :i* enables !m to d s1 consi/s 9 _! hav+ 9 ! middle ( ea* hook a ?9 membran\s little cup or suck] t is alt]nately exhau/$ & fill$ ) air4 ,flies h ! same beautiful app>atus--h5ce a fly commonly selects ! ceil+ = a re/+-place4 ,^! little air-cups1 or exhau/$ receiv]s1 may be se5 by apply+ a /rong magnify+-glass to a w9d[ t has a bee trav]s+ ! rev]se side4 ,! edges ( ^! little suck]s are s]rat$1 s z to close aga9/ any k9d ( surface to :i* _! legs may be appli$4 ,?is app>atus may be also s]viceable = ga!r+ ! poll5 be=e transmitt+ x to ! baskets on ! h9d legs4 ,besides ^! app5dages & app>atus ( ! ?orax1 t region is trav]s$ by ! sophagus or gullet 7! op5+ to :i* w be f\nd 9 ,plate ,i4 ,fig4 #b c71 on its way to ! dige/ive & o!r organs1 situate 9 ! ?ird "p ( ! insect--viz41 ! abdom54 ,! cov]+ ( ! ?orax1 ) ! ext]nal cov]+ ( ! gullet1 may be se5 9 ! draw+ ( ! magnifi$ dissect$ body ( ! bee 7,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #a74 ,! brea?+ app>atus ( bees is a v rem>kable feature3 !y h no lungs1 b1 in/ead1 air-vessels1 or tubes & bladd]s ramify+ ?r\gh e "p ( ! frame4 ,! ext]nal op5+s ( ^!1 :i* are call$ spiracles1 are f\nd 9 ! sides ( _! bodies beh9d ! w+s4 ,two pairs ( !m are locat$ 9 ! ?orax1 & "o pair on ea* side ( ! scales ( ! abdom54 ,!y w\ld be difficult to %[ 9 a draw+1 z ! multitude ( hairs :i* protect !m are 9 ! way ( gett+ at a v di/9ct del9eation4 ,! writ] has trac$ _! oval =m by ! aid ( ,messrs4 ,r4 & ,j4 ,beck's ,b9ocul> ,microscope1 & exce$+ly int]e/+ objects !y appe>$4 ,f ! circum/ance ( bees brea?+ ?r\gh ^! orifices 9 _! bodies1 x w n be difficult to und]/& h[ sadly ! little creatures mu/ be inconv5i5c$ :5 by accid5t !y fall on loose m\ld1 & ?us h _! brea?+ pores *ok$ ) du/2 x also %[s h[ ne$ful x is to prev5t bees be+ besme>$ ) honey 7by us+ bad appliances = fe$+71 :i* is /ill m injuri\s to !m4 ,! air-vessels are all t !y possess ( a circulat+ sy/em1 z bees h nei!r lungs1 he>t1 liv]1 nor blood4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t a :ite fluid matt]1 call$ *yle1 :i* 9 degree answ]s ! purpose ( blood1 is produc$ 9 ! inte/9es1 n\ri%es ! body1 receives ! oxyg5 f ! air-vessels1 & g5]ates t animal w>m? s necess>y = ! insect's well-be+--w>m? :i*1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 say ,s*mid & ,kle9e 9 _! ,lead+ ,?reads1 settles t x is incorrect to call ! insect a cold-blood$ animal4 ,bees h ! p[] ( c\nt]act+ sup]abundant heat by p]spiration4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 on a hot summ]'s morn+1 a good deal ( moi/ure may be notic$ at ! entrance ( a cr[d$ hive1 :i* ! inmates h be5 enabl$ to ?r[ (f4 ,?is is a heal?y sign1 because a sign ( great num]ical /r5g?4 ,! humm+ s\nd always to be he>d 9 a beehive is produc$ by brea?+4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,abdom5 ,,& ,,secretive ,,organs4 ,! abdom51 atta*$ to ! po/]ior "p ( ! ?orax by a sl5d] ligam5t1 has1 = an out] cov]+2 six folds or scales ( unequal bread?1 ov]lapp+ ea* o!r1 & conta9s ! honey-bag1 or fir/ /oma*1 ! v5tricle1 or true /oma* 7,plate ,,ii4 ,figs4 #a & #b f71 ) o!r inte/9es1 to be h]eaft] ref]r$ to4 ,! honey-bag 7,figs4 #a & #b d7 is an enl>gem5t ( ! gullet1 &1 al?\gh call$ ! fir/ /oma*1 no dige/ion takes place "h4 ,9 %ape x is l a tap] oil-flask2 :5 full x is ab\t ! size ( a small pea1 & s transp>5t t ! col\r ( ! honey may be se5 ?r\gh x4 ,?is sac1 z x is sometimes call$1 is susceptible ( contraction1 & s organis$ z to enable ! bee to disgorge a "p ( its cont5ts at w1 to fill ! honey-cells ( ! hive4 ,x has be5 mu* controv]t$ :e!r any or :at *ange takes place 9 ! nect> ( fl[]s :il/ 9 ! bee's /oma* 7,*ap4 ,,vi4 iii474 ,a %ort passage leads to ! v5tricle or true /oma* 7,figs4 #a & #b f71 :i* is some:at l>g]4 ,?is receives ! food f ! honey-bag1 = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! bee & ! secretion ( wax4 ,! /oma*1 l ! honey-bag1 has a consid]able numb] ( muscles1 :i* are br\ght into play to help ! dige/ive & o!r organs4 ,! bili>y vessels 7,figs4 #a & #b h1 h7 receive ! *yle f ! dige/$ food 9 ! /oma*1 :i* f !nce is convey$ to all p>ts ( ! body = its support4 ,a bee1 says ,dzi]zon1 ) ! honey :i* %e c take into h] /oma*1 is able to subsi/ abundantly "u "s circum/ances = long] ?an a week1 :ile "u o!rs %e w die ( hung] )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,if we reg>d life z a process ( combu/ion1 !n ) ! bee x resembles at "o "t ! sp>k j glimm]+ 9 ! a%es1 at ano!r ! bright up-bur/+ flame t 9 a few m9utes consumes ! fuel1 :i* to ! b>ely glimm]+ fire w\ld h ensur$ nutrition = a mu* long] "t4 ,wax is ! animal fat ( ! bees1 & to produce x requires a consid]able consumption ( honey to supply ! dra9 ^u ! sy/em4 ,to be capable ( pass+ ?r\gh ! pores ( ! abdom51 ! wax mu/ no d\bt be a liquid oily matt]1 :i*1 on mak+ its appe>ance outside ! abdom9al r+s1 ?ick5s1 & exudes f "u ! f\r m$ial ones1 9 flakes l fi%-scales1 "o on ea* side2 s t !re are eight ( ^! secret+ cavities1 :i* are peculi> to ! work]1 n be+ f\nd ei!r 9 ! que5 or drone4 ,! %ape ( ^! cavities is t ( an irregul> p5tagon1 & ! plates ( wax1 be+ m\ld$ 9 !m1 exhibit accord+ly ! same =m 7see ,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #f w74 ,no direct *annel ( communication betwe5 ! /oma* & ^! receptacles1 or wax-pockets1 has z yet be5 discov]$2 b ,hub] conjectures t ! secret+ vessels are conta9$ 9 ! membrane :i* l9es !m1 & :i* is cov]$ ) a reticulation ( hexagonal me%es1 analog\s to ! inn] coat ( ! second /oma* ( rum9ant quadrup$s4 ,! la/ important organ ( ! abdom5 is ! /+4 ,?is small b effective weapon is situate close to ! /oma*1 & is f\nd 9 ! que5 & work]1 b is abs5t 9 ! drone4 ,our engrav+ 7,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #d7 exhibits ! /+ ( ! work] bee ) its muscles & atta*m5ts3 r %[s ! muscles t move ! /+1 & q ! curv$ base ( ! out] %ea? by :i* x is enclos$4 ,mu* beautiful me*anism is obs]v$ on a microscopic exam9ation ( ?is weapon1 s wond]fully p[]ful 9 comp>ison ) its bulk4 ,! /+ is compos$ ( ?ree sep>ate portions1 ea* ( :i* is d\ble--! d>t1 & ! inn] & out] %ea?s4 ,v confus+ acc\nts are giv5 ( ?is organ 9 diff]5t works1 ow+ probably to ! t]m %ea? be+ appli$ by "s to ! out] & by o!rs to ! inn] cov]+4 ,! out] "o consi/s ( two fle%y curv$ clasp]s 7q 9 ! figure71 inside ( :i* is ! l9e> %ea?1 :i* =ms an ess5tial portion ( ! /+1 & consi/s ( two horny scales closely adh]5t to ! d>ts4 ,^! la/ are compos$ ( /iff filam5ts1 :i* at ! out] end are ea* b>b$ ) f five to t5 tee? on "o side2 & !y slide )9 ! inn] %ea?1 & t )9 ! out]1 on ! pr9ciple ( ! tubes ( a telescope4 ,z repres5t$ 9 our engrav+1 ! inn] %ea? clasps ! d>ts to a level ) ! tips ( ! out] "o4 ,! d>ts are fir/ protrud$ 9 ! act ( /++1 &1 by aid ( ! p[]ful muscles on ea* side at s1 are buri$ 9 ! fle% to ! dep? ( "o-twelf? ( an in*2 ! inn] %ea? !n foll[s1 & at ! same "t1 by a muscul> contraction1 ! poison is =c$ along ! groove 9 :i* ! d>ts "w1 caus+ ! well-kn[n pa9ful effects :i* arise f ! /+ ( a bee4 ,^! d>ts are ( slightly unequal l5g?1 s t ! tee? on ea* side are n opposite to ea* o!r4 ,f ?is arrangem5t x is easi] = !m to p5etrate ! fle%1 & alt]nately deep5 ! w\nd1 :ile ! tee? successively hold ea* firm z x makes its way1 until ! poison has be5 eject$4 ,if ! suff]] c\ld only comm& himself s z to rema9 p]fectly passive1 ! bee might be able to draw 9 ^! d>ts :i* protrude beyond ! %ea?1 & w\ld !n h a *ance ( )draw+ ! /+2 ! little insect w\ld consequ5tly inflict less pa91 & might p]haps escape pay+ ! p5alty ( h] life4 ,x g5]ally happ5s1 h[ev]1 t ! excitem5t ( bo? p>ties is s great1 t ! poor bee leaves beh9d ! :ole app>atus1 & ev5 "p ( h] inte/9es1 s t h] dea? is ! result1 & ! w\nd is m sev]e4 ,! /+ is ab\t ! six? "p ( an in* long1 & is l>ge/ at ! base4 ,"h are situat$ ! gl&s or ducts 7,fig4 #d u74 ,by ^! ! poison is secret$ & pass$ into ! poison-bag 7,fig4 #d t71 :i* acts z a res]voir = reta9+ x till requir$4 ,on ! subject ( ! /+ ,paley rem>ks3 ,! action ( ! /+ af=ds a beautiful example ( ! union ( *emi/ry & me*anism3 ( *emi/ry1 9 respect to ! v5om1 :i* 9 s small a quantity c produce su* p[]ful effects2 ( me*anism1 z ! /+ is n a simple b a comp\nd in/rum5t4 ,! ma*9]y w\ld h be5 comp>atively useless _h x n be5 = ! *emical process1 by :i*1 9 ! insect's body1 honey is conv]t$ into poison2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! poison w\ld h be5 ineffectual )\t an in/rum5t to w\nd & a syr+e to inject ! fluid4 ,z be=e /at$ ! drone has no /+1 b1 9 place !re(1 ! organs ( reproduction1 on :i*1 z on ! correspond+ organs ( ! que51 suffici5t has be5 rem>k$ above 7pages #bd & #fc74 ,& n[1 9 conclud+ ?is section1 we w\ld rem>k ! wond]ful contrivance & f9i% :i* all ! works ( ! ,great ,ma/] ,artific] unfold4 ,9 ! works ( man we see1 p]haps1 a piece ( me*anism ( unque/ion$ beauty & excell5ce1 yet !re is a bolt "h or a screw !re t might h be5 disp5s$ )1 & does n possess any def9ite use4 ,b 9 ! works ( ,nature ev]y?+ has a place2 we may n at once compreh5d ! exact purpose ( "s intricate p>ts1 b t only implies t we h n made a ?or\gh inve/igation4 ,! mo/ m9ute hair s]ves its requir$ end4 ,"s reflections ( ,dr4 ,evans1 ?\gh *iefly ref]r+ to ! cells ( bees1 may n inappropriately f9i% ?is *apt]3-- ,on books deep por+1 ye pale sons ( toil1 ,:o wa/e 9 /udi\s trance ! midnight oil1 ,say1 c ye emulate1 ) all y\r rules1 ,drawn or f ,grecian or f ,go?ic s*ools4 ,?is artless frame8 ,in/9ct h] simple guide1 ,a heav5-taught insect baffles all y\r pride4 ,or ye on !ory's wild wave t roam1 ,& skim f sci5ce b its fro? & foam1 ,:o wield 'ga9/ ,tru? ! %>p yet %iv]y lance1 ,devot$ b5d+ to y\r idol1 ,*ance2 ,oh6 say1 c\ld ,*ance h] lawless atoms b9d1 ,& weave ! tissu$ wo( ( s5se & m9d1 ,or h] bl9d impulse 9 yon mansions trace ,! firme/ fabric ) ! ample/ space8 ,no6 :ile ye boa/ to b[ at ,reason's %r9e1 ,t ,reason bids y hail ! ,p[] ,div9e4 ,n huge ,behemo?1 n ! :ale's va/ =m1 ,t sp\ts a torr5t & t brea!s a /orm1 ,transc5ds 9 organs apt ! puny fly1 ,h] f9e-/rung feel]s1 & h] glanceful eye ,set ) t5 ?\s& l5ses4 ,n ! pile ,by fabl$ giant rais$ 9 ,er9's isle1 ,n ,/affa's cry/all$ %ore1 :]e n[1 ,f+al1 ,ro> ! ho>se surges ?r\gh ?y column$ hall1 ,nor all yon m>%all$ orbs t ride s high1 ,proclaim m l\d a pres5t ,deity1 ,?an ! nice symmetry ( ^! small cells1 ,:]e on ea* angle g5u9e ,sci5ce dwells1 ,& joys to m>k ?r\gh wide creation's reign ,h[ close ! less5+ l9ks ( h] cont9u$ *a94 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,beehives4 ,i4 ,,common ,,cottag]',s ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,,we w comm5ce our li/ ( hives ) ?is1 ! v simple/ =m ( adaptation to ! depriv+ sy/em4 ,! upp] hive is int5d$ = a sup] & ! l[] "o is ! /ock = ! bees' settl$ habitation4 ,! directions = apply+ ?is1 z well z = /ock+ ! hive & tak+ ! honey1 w h[ev] be obta9$ "u ! head ,neighb\rs' ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive 7page #aaf71 & 9 ! sections ref]r$ to !re on ,hiv+ ,sw>ms1 ,apply+ ,sup]s1 etc4 ,! hive is well suit$ = ^? :o are desir\s ( lead+ _! poor] neighb\rs into ! humane sy/em ( bee-keep+4 ,see ! rem>k at ! end ( ! next section respect+ ! hole = giv+ admittance to ! sup]4 ,,ii4 ,,neighb\rs' ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,skep4 ,illu/ration ,?is hive 7s /yl$ f its obta9+ a prize at ! ,cry/al ,palace ,%[ 9 #ahge7 diff]s f ! =ego+ 9 be+ l>g]1 & 9 hav+ a ?ick] floor-bo>d1 a hoop$ fitt+ at ! base1 a w9d[ 9 ! sup]1 & a movable cap z a f9i% to ei!r sup] or /ock hive1 accord+ z ! =m] is 9 use or n4 ,! outside dim5sions ( ! l[] hive are sev5te5 in*es diamet] by n9e 9 dep?1 & ( ! sup] ?irte5 in*es by five4 ,:5 !re is a hole 9 ! c5tre on top ( ! /ock hive1 z is ! case "h1 !re is a possibility ( ! que5 asc5d+ & deposit+ eggs 9 ! sup]4 ,to *eck su* a mi%ap1 a que5 & drone prev5t] c be appli$1 :i* is a contrivance s arrang$ z to admit ! passage ( no?+ l>g] ?an a work] 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 xvii474 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,cottag]',s ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,?is is our m complete =m ( a cottag]'s hive1 compos$ entirely ( /raw4 ,a v preval5t op9ion exi/s t bees d bett] 9 hives ( t mat]ial ?an ( any o!r4 ,ano!r op9ion prevails1 t ! old-fa%ion$ /raw hive is ! lea/ exp5sive1 ! mo/ simple1 & ! mo/ productive4 ,al?\gh we _c g s f> z ?is1 we are will+ to admit t a simplifi$ adaptation ( ! humane sy/em to ! old common /raw hive is ! mo/ suitable to put into ! h&s ( t l>ge class ( bee-keep]s--cottag]s4 ,by ^! ! m fanciful hives w be in/antly condemn$2 besides1 ! exp5se puts !m q beyond ! rea* ( ! poor] class4 ,! object aim$ at 9 plann+ ?is /ructure has be5 to furni% a depriv+ hive t %\ld be at once easy ( managem5t1 inexp5sive1 & conv5i5t4 ,! /ock hive1 9 :i* ! bees are fir/ deposit$1 is r\nd1 & has a flat top ) a hole 9 ! c5tre4 ,! size ( ?is l[] hive is n9e in*es deep outside1 & fifte5 in*es across ! bottom2 x is f9i%$ ) a wood5 hoop1 :i* adds v mu* to its firmness & durability4 ,! floor-bo>d is "o in* & a qu>t] ?ick1 ) a way sunk !re9 = ! entrance4 ,a small r\nd mat ( /raw closes ! hole 9 ! top2 ?is mat may be fix$ by wood5 pegs4 ,we h n[ describ$ :at is t]m$ ! /ock hive1 :i* is1 9 fact1 an old-fa%ion$ /raw hive1 adapt$1 mod]nis$1 & improv$ to ! m humane1 viz41 ! depriv+ sy/em4 ,! weight ( ! /ock hive1 ) its floor-bo>d1 is ab\t sev5 p\nds4 ,! sup] is five in*es deep outside & twelve or s 9 diamet]1 &1 :5 fill$1 conta9s ab\t twelve p\nds ( honey & comb4 ,its purpose is exactly id5tical ) t ( ! ?ree bell glasses describ$ on page #aag3 ! l[] hive is = ! bre$+ comp>tm5t & = ! /orage ( honey = ! bees' own consumption1 :ile ! upp] is to receive ! surplus ( _! treasure :i* ! own] int5ds to appropriate pure = himself4 ,a glass w9d[1 :i* is plac$ at ! side ( ! sup]1 is useful = inspect+ ! progress made 9 fill+ x4 ,an adapt+-bo>d to facilitate removal is add$ und]nea? x by "s4 ,a common /raw hive1 suffici5tly deep to cov]1 drops ov] ! sup]1 keep+ ! w9d[ d>k1 & fitt+ close on to ! /ock hive4 ,?is cov] hive may be made fa/ by driv+ 9 two skew]s1 "o on ea* side1 to keep ! :ole firm4 ,unless plac$ 9 a bee-h\se or "u a %$1 ! outside %\ld be pa9t$2 or a piece ( oilclo?1 or wat]-pro( cov]+ ( any k9d1 %ap$ s z to %oot (f ! ra91 w save ! tr\ble ( pa9t1 & answ] ! purpose 7see ,*ap4 ,,iv4 iii474 ,! mode ( /ock+ ?is hive1 & ( tak+ ! honey1 w be cle>ly ga!r$ f ! directions "u v4 bel[1 & f ! g5]al in/ructions 9 ! sections !re9 ref]r$ to4 ,aft] two or ?ree weeks ! /raw mat may be remov$ to give ! bees access to ! sup]4 ,,iv4 ,,an ,,improv$ ,,cottag]',s ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,?is hive is v sup]ior to ! "o describ$ j above1 z x possesses a ,taylor's glass 9 lieu ( a /raw sup]1 & an adapt+-bo>d & a w9d[ 9 ! l[] portion4 ,its pr9ciple is also exactly ! same z t ( ! succe$+1 :i* is simply a m elaborate developm5t ( ?is hive4 ,our illu/ration places ! w9d[ ov] ! entrance1 be+ s drawn 9 ord] to exhibit back & front at "o view1 :]eas 9 reality x is on ! opposite side at ! back1 s z to all[ ( an inspection free f ! liability ( annoyance f ! bees4 ,= directions see ! next section4 ,illu/ration ,v4 ,,neighb\rs' ,,improv$ ,,cottage ,,hive4 ,our improv$ cottage hive 7%[n page #aac71 is neatly made ( /raw b\nd ) cane1 & !re=e v durable4#bj ,! l[] hive is cov]$ ) a wood5 top1 hav+ 9 x ?ree holes1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees convey _! honey into ?ree middle-siz$ bell glasses ) v5tilators1 :i*1 :5 fill$1 hold ab\t six p\nds ea*4 ,!re is a hoop at ! bottom1 ano!r r\nd ! top ( ! l[] hive2 to ?is ! wood5 cr[n-bo>d is fa/5$4 ,^! hoops are a great improvem5t1 & are less liable to h>b\r insects ?an if /raw alone 7 us$4 ,! floor-bo>d1 z its "n implies1 is a wood5 bo>d "o in* & a qu>t] ?ick1 ) a projection ( ?ree or f\r in*es "u ! entrance to =m an alight+-place4 ,?is entrance is cut out (1 or sunk 91 ! bo>d4 ,!re are ?ree w9d[s 9 ! l[] hive1 ea* clos$ ) a %utt]2 ^! are v useful & int]e/+ = inspect+ ! progress made4 ,across ! c5tre w9d[ is a !rmomet]1 enclos$ at ! sides by slips ( glass4 ,! w9d[ %utt]s1 be+ ( oak col\r1 add v mu* to ! appe>ance4 ,! upp] hive1 :i* is m]ely a cov] = ! glasses1 is made l ! l[]2 a hoop is work$ into ! /raw1 & is suffici5tly l>ge to all[ ! cov] to drop ov] ! cr[n-bo>d1 keep+ ! :ole close1 & prev5t+ wet f drift+ 94 ,a z9c v5tilator1 ornam5tally pa9t$1 =ms ! apex2 ?is is useful 9 lett+ ! conf9$ hot air pass away 9 w>m wea!r4 ,! v5tilator is op5$ by rais+ x4 ,! l[] or /ock hive is fifte5 in*es 9 diamet] & n9e & a half 9 dep? outside2 its weight1 :5 empty1 is sev5 p\nds & a half4 ,! cov]1 or top hive1 is twelve in*es deep & fifte5 in*es 9 diamet]2 ! ornam5tal z9c top be+ f\r in*es deep4 ,! :ole is ab\t tw5ty-f\r in*es high4 ,! weight ( a hive pack$1 includ+ glasses1 is ab\t eighte5 p\nds4 ,footnote #bj3 ,?is is ! hive ref]r$ to by ! ,bee-,ma/] ( ! ,times 7,dr4 ,gumm+7 :5 he says3 ,! second k9d ( hive ,i allud$ to is made ( /raw1 & may be pur*as$ at ,neighb\rs'1 9 ,holborn4444 ,x is s well made t x w la/ v long4 ,i h _h "o 9 con/ant use dur+ t5 ye>s1 & x is /ill z good z :5 x 0 b\ght4 ,^! hives h a ta/eful appe>ance 9 ! g>d51 b !y require "s fur!r protection f ! wea!r 9 ! =m ( a cov] or ( a bee-h\se--contrivances t h yet to be describ$4 ,9 extreme cold wea!r a little additional protection1 by hav+ matt+ fold$ r\nd !m1 w be advisable4 ,"o ( ! advantages ( ?is & ! prec$+ hives ov] ! ord9>y cottage hive is t !y af=d ready opportunity = ! humane managem5t ( bees4 ,! bell glasses also give ! own] ! p[] ( tak+ honeycomb ( pure quality1 free f ! extrane\s matt] kn[n z bee-bread1 in/ead ( combs t are d>k5$ by hav+ brood hat*$ 9 !m4 ,by ?is sy/em we h combs newly made & us$ only = deposit+ ! honey fir/ put into !m3 h5ce ! "n virg9 honey4 ,^! glasses h a v pretty appe>ance1 &1 :5 nicely fill$1 are v conv5i5t = home use or = mak+ pres5ts4 ,! l[] hive is ! receptacle = ! bees2 :5 a sw>m is plac$ 9 ?is hive !y imm$iately proce$ to fill x ) combs = ! /orage ( honey = _! own use1 & = cells to bre$ 94 ,?is hive rema9s undi/urb$4 ,! be/ mode ( t5ant+ a hive ( ?is description is by plac+ an e>ly & /rong sw>m 9 x1 :i* may be g5]ally procur$ ( a neighb\r+ bee-keep]2 if f a di/ance1 consid]able c>e is necess>y to admit pl5ty ( air 7,*ap4 ,v4 xi474 ,= ! purpose ( v5tilation1 remove ! slides & sub/itute p]=at$ z9c1 wrapp+ ! hive up 9 a co>se clo? ( op5 texture 7disp5s+ ) ! floor-bo>d dur+ transit :5 ! di/ance is great & ! temp]ature w>m74 ,x is necess>y only to s5d ! l[] or /ock hive to ! p>ty furni%+ ! sw>m1 tak+ ! precaution to fix ! slides at top ) tacks1 z ! hive has to be inv]t$ to receive ! bees4 ,"s old] bee-keep]s pref] to give x a little dress+ ) syrup1 be]1 or h]bs2 !re c be no objection to ! fir/1 b o!r sc5ts may n be pleasant to ! insects & are f> bett] avoid$1 z also are ! /icks s (t5 ins]t$1 !y be+ almo/ c]ta9 to cause crook$ combs4 ,! bees1 if sw>m+1 are %ak5 into ! hive1 z describ$ 9 ,*ap4 ,v4 i42 if transf]r$ f ano!r hive1 ! directions w be f\nd 9 a foll[+ section ( ! same *apt]4 ,t[>ds ev5+ close ! entrance1 & remove !m to ! exact position !y are int5d$ p]man5tly to occupy4 ,success dep5ds on ?is1 & also on _! c>eful removal on ! ev5+ ( hiv+4 ,! foll[+ morn+ !y w lab\r 9 _! new location1 m>k+ well _! habitation be=e !y take flight1 & n fail+ to return to x load$ ) lusci\s /ore4 ,! g5]al directions mu/ be obs]v$ 9 apply+ ! sup]s 7,*ap4 ,v4 xiii474 ,:5 ! "t arrives ! !rmomet] w rise rapidly to #ajj degrees or upw>ds4 ,to prev5t sw>m+ ! z9c slides on ! wood5 top mu/ n[ be )drawn1 & ! bell glasses put on1 cov]$ & protect$ by ! upp] hive2 a day or two aft] :i* all signs ( sw>m+ w at once disappe>1 ! bees n[ hav+ increas$ /orage-room1 :i* !y w readily fill ) comb4 ,! v5tilator %\ld always rema9 op5 dur+ ! day1 to all[ ! hot air to pass away f ! int]ior1 !reby contribut+ to ! :it5ess & beauty ( ! "w2 ! bees enjoy ! refre%m5t ( coolness !reby af=d$1 & !y "w ! fa/] = x4 ,at ev5+ all v5tilation %\ld be /opp$1 & ! glasses wrapp$ r\nd ) "s w>m mat]ial4 ,we n[ supply flannel-l9$ baize bags to ea* glass s5t out ) ! hive4 ,! directions = tak+ honey are mu* ! same z usual 7,*ap4 ,v4 xiv474 ,a slide sev5 in*es & a half squ>e is furni%$ ) ! hive1 & is useful to remove ! glass ^u4 ,! holes 9 ! wood5 top ( ?is hive are ( a peak$ %ape1 to act z a prev5tive aga9/ slaught]+ any bees :il/ pu%+ ! slide 9 = ! purpose ( remov+ ! glass :5 full4 ,! tacks be=e allud$ to %\ld be remov$ f ! slides :5 ! hive is fix$ 9 its place4 ,! entrance slide is v s]viceable dur+ ! w9t] mon?s to less5 ! passage-way1 !reby prev5t+ ! admission ( too mu* cold air2 x is also occasionally useful on a summ] ev5+ to less5 ! entrance :5 mo?s are tr\blesome1 = if !re be only a small op5+ ! bees c gu>d x & easily repulse intrud]s4 ,dur+ ! "t ( ga!r+ !y require ! :ole wid? to rema9 op54 ,! p$e/al1 %[n on ! "r 9 ! next figure1 z orig9ally s5t out1 has a hole ?r\gh ea* ( its feet1 & mu/ be firmly fix$ 9 ! gr\nd by means ( ! f\r iron pegs suppli$ ) x = ! purpose2 to prev5t rott+1 x is well also to place a brick "u ea* foot4 ,! hive mu/ !n be made fa/ to ! /& z a precaution aga9/ high w9ds4 ,! latt] is ab\t tw5ty-two in*es 9 height4 ,! simplicity & easy managem5t ( ?is hive h r5d]$ x an especial fav\rite1 comb9+ z x does real utility ) _m conv5i5ces to satisfy ! curi\s4 ,n a few bee-keep]s desire to unite ! two qualifications1 & no hives comb9e ^! advantages 9 a great] degree ?an ! "o we are n[ describ+4 ,illu/ration ,a *eap] =m ( ?is hive is "h repres5t$1 ( precisely ! same size & con/ruction1 ) ! exception t x has no w9d[s or !rmomet]4 ,! api>ian ) ?is hive w !re=e h to tru/ m to 8 own judgm5t z reg>ds ! likelihood ( sw>m+1 & mu/ wat* ! appe>ance ! bees pres5t at ! entrance4 ,:5 x is "t to put on sup]s 9 ord] to prev5t sw>m+1 premonition w be giv5 by ! unusual numb]s cr[d+ ab\t ! entrance1 z well z by ! heat ( ! wea!r1 mak+ x evid5t t m room is requir$ = ! increas+ population4 ,at ,mi*aelmas ! directions z to weigh+ mu/ be att5d$ to 7see ,*ap4 ,v4 xviii474 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,ladies' ,,obs]vatory ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ illu/ration %[s ! con/ruction ( ?is hive4 ,! /ock hive is ( /\t glass1 & cyl9drical1 ) a flat top & a hole 9 ! c5tre2 x is ?irte5 in*es 9 inside diamet] & eight in*es & a half deep4 ,a support1 compos$ ( ev5 wood5 b>s fix$ on a p$e/al f ! floor-bo>d1 is v useful = ! bees to cl+ to & secure _! combs1 in/ead ( re/+ :olly aga9/ ! glass4 ,! floor-bo>d is ( mahogany1 ! bord] be+ ,fr5*-poli%$4 ,a middle-siz$ bell glass1 = deprivation1 is plac$ ov] ! hole2 ?is hole may be clos$ by a z9c slide4 ,a cov] ( /raw1 eighte5 in*es deep & fifte5 in*es wide1 ) a z9c v5tilat+ top simil> to t affix$ to ! cottage hive1 completes ! arrangem5ts4 ,! weight ( ! /ock hive & bo>d is ab\t sixte5 p\nds4 ,9 ! figure ! cov] is %[n lift$ to display ! int]ior4 ,9 a ?or\ghly w>m room x may be kept entirely (f4 ,?is hive is well adapt$ = ^? p]sons :o are desir\s ( hav+ ! opportunity ( mak+ a clos] exam9ation ( ! workman%ip ( ^! indu/ri\s & int]e/+ insects1 z ! :ole ( ! int]ior may be expos$ to view2 x is p>ticul>ly suitable = a w9d[ or an indoor api>y1 & w also be f\nd a valuable addition to ! gre5h\se4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! entrance-way %\ld be cov]$ ) a flat piece ( glass1 & an ap]ture cut 9 ! sa% correspond+ ) ! entrance to ! hive2 ?r\gh ! glaz$ passage ! bees may !n f9d egress & +ress )\t be+ able to ga9 access to ! ap>tm5t4 ,an alight+-bo>d1 f\r in*es wide1 mu/ be fix$ outside on a level ) ! entrance4 ,we _h a hive ( ?is k9d 9 op]ation at ! ,great ,exhibitions ( #ahea & #ahfb1 fix$ aft] ! mann] above describ$4 ,x answ]$ admirably1 & excit$ mu* int]e/ & curiosity1 ?\gh plac$ !re "u _m disadvantages4 ,:5 a hive ( ?is k9d is to be /ock$1 proce$ 9 ! ma9 z ) ord9>y transf]s 7,*ap4 ,v4 ii471 b place ! floor-bo>d & support ( ! hive 9 ! middle ( ! %eet or sw>m+-bo>d1 & precipitate ! bees z mu* z possible on to ! support2 cov] !m ) ! glass1 propp+ x up ) bricks or o!r re/s suffici5tly high to prev5t ! bees be+ squeez$4 ,!y w collect "u ! b>s & on ! p$e/al1 & 9 ab\t "o h\r's "t ! :ole w h settl$ quietly1 & all ! /raggl]s on ! bo>d w h collect$ toge!r1 ! sw>m hang+ pe>-%ap$ f ! b> support2 ! bricks c n[ be remov$1 & ! glass put 9 its "r place on ! floor-bo>d4 ,! /raw cov] c n[ be set d[n ov] all1 & ! hive c be remov$ to ! place x is de/9$ p]man5tly to occupy4 ,! light %\ld n be admitt$ = "s days aft] hiv+2 if undi/urb$1 ! bees w spe$ily build comb1 work+ f ! wood5 b>s1 :i* are plac$ !re = _! assi/ance & support4 ,9 t5 days or a =tnight1 if ! wea!r cont9ue f9e & w>m1 !y w prep>e to sw>m aga92 ! op5+ at ! top mu/ n[ be un/opp$1 & ! bell glass put on1 guide-comb hav+ be5 previ\sly fix$4 ,! directions giv5 z to ^! matt]s = ! prec$+ hive apply equally to ?is "o4 ,x is advisable 9 w9t] to furni% ! glass /ock hive ) m protection f cold ?an is af=d$ by ! /raw cov] alone2 "s ?ick baize1 or wrapp] ( wadd+1 = :i* !re is space betwe5 ! glass hive & ! cov]1 w prev5t s mu* moi/ure cond5s+ on ! sides ( ! glass4 ,z rem>k$ "u ,w9t] ,precautions 7,*ap4 ,v4 xx471 x is only by ! v greate/ c>e t bees c be br\ght ?r\gh t season 9 a glass hive4 ,! hole at top is us$ = supply+ food1 %\ld ! api>ian fe> ! /ock ( honey is 9 dang] ( runn+ %ort2 ei!r fe$] may be us$ = ! purpose 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,,xx474 ,,vii4 ,,nutt',s ,,collat]al ,,hive4 ,! late ,mr4 ,nutt1 au?or ( ,humanity to ,honey ,bees1 may be reg>d$ z a pione] ( mod]n api>ians2 & ?\gh 8 hive is n[ comp>atively little us$ x is /ill wor?y ( description f ! "p x has play$ 9 ! hi/ory ( bee-keep+4 ,illu/ration ,x consi/s ( ?ree boxes plac$ side by side 7,c1 ,a1 ,c71 ) an octagonal box 7,b7 on ! top1 :i* cov]s a bell glass4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree boxes is n9e in*es high1 ! same wide1 & elev5 in*es f back to front4 ,?9 wood5 p>titions1 9 :i* six or sev5 op5+s correspond+ ) ea* o!r are made1 divide ^! comp>tm5ts1 s t free access f "o box to ! o!r is af=d$ to ! bees2 ?is communication is /opp$1 :5 necess>y1 by a z9c slide pass+ d[n betwe54 ,! octagonal cov] b is ab\t t5 in*es 9 diamet] & tw5ty high1 includ+ ! slop+ octagonal ro(1 surm\nt$ ) an acorn z a f9i%4 ,!re are two l>ge w9d[s 9 ea* ( ! end boxes & "o 9 ! c5tre box4 ,across ! latt] is a !rmomet]1 scal$ & m>k$1 s z to be an easy guide to ! bee-ma/]1 %[+ him1 by ! rise 9 temp]ature1 ! increas$ accommodation requir$2 ?is !rmomet] is a fixture1 ! indicat+ "p be+ protect$ by two pieces ( glass1 to prev5t ! bees f com+ betwe5 x & ! w9d[1 & !reby ob/ruct+ ! view4 ,d ,d are v5tilators4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* ( ! end boxes is a d\ble z9c tube1 rea*+ d[n a little bel[ ! middle3 ! out] tube is a cas+ ( pla9 z9c1 ) holes1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* wide1 disp]s$ ov] x2 ! inside "o is ( p]=at$ z9c1 ) op5+s s small z to prev5t ! escape ( ! bees2 a flange or rim keeps ! tubes susp5d$ ?r\gh a hole made to receive x4 ,! object 9 hav+ d\ble tub+ is to all[ ! inn] "o to be drawn up1 & ! p]=ations to be op5$ by prick+ out ! wax1 or r ! propolis1 ) :i* bees close all op5+s 9 _! hives4 ,^! tubes admit ( a !rmomet]1 enclos$ 9 a cyl9drical glass1 be+ occasionally ins]t$ dur+ ! ga!r+ season2 x requires to be left 9 ! tube = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & on its )drawal1 if f\nd indicat+ n9ety degrees or m1 v5tilation mu/ be adopt$ to l[] ! temp]ature4 ,! gr& object1 z ,mr4 ,nutt expresses x1 is to keep ! end boxes & ! bell glass cool] ?an ! pavilion or middle box1 s z to induce ! que5 to propagate h] species !re & !re only1 & n 9 ! depriv+ "p ( ! hive2 by ?is means ! side & upp] combs are 9 no way discol\r$ by brood4 ,! que5 requires a consid]able degree ( w>m?2 ! middle box does n require m v5tilation ?an ! additional op5+s af=d4 ,! bees enjoy coolness 9 ! side boxes1 & !reby ! :it5ess & purity ( ! lusci\s /ore are increas$4 ,! ornam5tal z9c top ,d mu/ be left rais$1 & is easily kept 9 t position by putt+ ! p]=at$ "p a little on "o side4 ,! boxes be=e describ$ are plac$ on a rais$ d\ble floor-bo>d1 ext5d+ ! :ole l5g?--viz41 ab\t ?irty-six in*es4 ,! floor-bo>d projects a few in*es 9 front4 ,9 ! c5tre is ! entrance 7z our illu/ration only %[s ! back ( ! hive we mu/ imag9e x on ! o!r side72 x is made by cutt+ a sunk5 way1 ( ab\t half an in* deep & ?ree in*es wide1 9 ! floor-bo>d1 communicat+ only ) ! middle box2 x is ?r\gh ?is entrance alone t ! bees f9d _! way into ! hive1 access to ! end boxes & ! sup] be+ obta9$ f ! inside4 ,an alight+-bo>d is fitt$ close "u ! entrance1 = ! bees to settle ^u :5 return+ lad5 ) honey4 ,?is alight+-bo>d is removable = ! conv5i5ce ( pack+4 ,! c5tre1 or /ock box1 ,a1 call$ by ,mr4 ,nutt ! ,pavilion ( ,nature1 is ! receptacle = ! sw>m1 ,e ,e are two block fronts1 :i* op5 ) a h+e4 ,a semicircul> hole1 ?ree in*es long & two wide 9 ! middle1 is cut 9 ! upp] floor-bo>d imm$iately "u ! w9d[ ( ea* box2 ^! ap]tures are clos$ by sep>ate p]=at$ z9c slides4 ,! blocks1 :5 op5$1 af=d a ready means ( r$uc+ ! temp]ature ( ! side boxes1 & !y are also useful = all[+ ! bees to ?r[ out any refuse4 ,illu/ration ,! c5tre ,f is a draw]1 9 :i* is a fe$+-tr\gh1 s con/ruct$ t ! bees c desc5d ?r\gh ! op5+s j m5tion$ on to a false bottom ( p]=at$ z9c4 ,liquid food is easily p\r$ 9 by pull+ out ! draw] a little way2 ! bees readily come d[n on to ! p]=at$ z9c1 & take ! food by ins]t+ _! probosces ?r\gh ! p]=ations1 ) no dang] ( be+ dr[n$4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t ! food is n giv5 9 su* quantity z to come above ! holes2 by ?is means ea* hive has a supply ( food accessible only to ! inmates1 ) no possibility1 :5 closely %ut 91 ( attract+ robb] bees f o!r hives4 ,! ext]ior ( ^! hives is well pa9t$ ) two coats ( lead col\r1 cov]$ ) two coats ( gre51 & v>ni%$3 ,not)/&+ ?is pres]vation x is absolutely ess5tial to place su* a hive "u a %$ or cov] ( "s sort1 z ! action ( ! sun & ra9 is likely to decay ! wood1 :il/ ! extreme summ] heat might cause ! combs to fall f _! f\ndations4 ,neat & ta/eful %$s may be erect$1 consi/+ ei!r ( z9c or ?at*$ ro(s support$ by iron or wood5 rods1 & !y w =m a pretty addition to ! fl[]-g>d54 ,x w be well to make ! cov]+ a foot or two long]1 s z to all[ ( a cottage hive on ea* side1 z ! appe>ance ( ! :ole is mu* improv$ by su* an arrangem5t4 ,! sup] w be almo/ sure to be fill$ fir/1 hav+ be5 fir/ op5$ to ! bees4 ,?is w be remov$ accord+ to ! g5]al in/ructions4 ,! removal ( ! end boxes is a some:at simil> process1 b !y %\ld on no acc\nt be tak5 away at ! same "t z ! glass1 or1 inde$1 at a "t :5 any o!r hive is be+--robb$ we 7 go+ to say1 = x is robb]y to ! bees3 !y int5d$ ! honey = _! w9t] food1 & are mu* enrag$ at be+ depriv$ ( x4 ,fir/ %ut d[n ! divid+ t92 ! bees 9 ! end box are n[ prison]s sep>at$ f ! hive2 keep !m s half an h\r1 & !n take away ! box bodily to ano!r "p ( ! g>d51 or into a d>k ou?\se4 ,,viii4 ,,hub]',s ,,hive4 ,to ,francis ,hub]--n improp]ly /yl$ ! pr9ce ( api>ians--we are indebt$ = m ext5sive & accurate obs]vations on ! habits ( ! bee ?an h be5 contribut$ by all o!r obs]v]s s9ce ! "t ( ,ari/otle4 ,we h "h introduc$ a description ( ,hub]'s leaf hive 7& %\ld be glad to exhibit "o7 = ! sake ( its hi/oric int]e/ 9 connection ) api>ian sci5ce4 ,?\gh entirely gone out ( use x 0 invaluable = ,hub] himself1 & x sugge/$ to o!r api>ians ! adoption ( ! pres5t plan ( v]tical b>s & frames4 ,9 connection ) ?is la/ po9t ( int]e/ x seems fitt+ to introduce "h "s v brief acc\nt ( ! developm5t ( ! movable-frame hive4 ,f "t immemorial !re h exi/$ b> hives--inde$1 !y h be5 trac$ to ! ribb$ c>case ( ,samson's lion4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ! b>s 7 n movable ones--!y 7 simply design$ to aid ! purpose ( keep+ an upp] /ory 9 "s degree cle> ( ! que5's int]-m$dl+4 ,& ev5 :5 !y 7 capable ( removal !y add$ b a slight /ep 9 advance1 & ! cr$it ( ! inv5tions ( ,gold+ 9 ,engl& & ,dzi]zon 9 ,g]many is due n to ! b>s !mselves b to _! mode ( affix+1 & especially to ! guide-comb atta*$ b5ea?4 ,at ab\t ! same date ) ^! !re appe>$ a ,russian hive kn[n z ! ,propokovits*1 :i* consi/$ 9 an arrangem5t ( sev]al /ories ( frames ins]t$ endways & re/+ on cross pieces bel[ !m4 ,?us "o inv5tion suppli$ b>s )\t frames1 :ile ! o!r (f]$ frames )\t b>s4 ,b ! "r idea _h n[ be5 caught1 & x is n surpris+ t sev]al api>ians1 indep5d5tly & simultane\sly1 7 engag$ at ?is p]iod 9 work+ x out4 ,briefly summ>is$ ! sequel is z foll[s4 ,9 #ahda our own c\ntryman ,major ,munn obta9$ a pat5t 9 ,france = 8 movable b>-&-frame hive1 ( :i* he publi%$ a description 9 ,engl& 9 #ahdd2ba 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahea ,mr4 ,lang/ro? complet$ ! inv5tion ( 8 movable b>-frames2 & 9 ,g]many 9 #ahec ,b>on von ,b]leps* by a di/9ct inv5tive process add$ ! frames to ,dzi]zon's b>s4 ,?us ,engl& appe>s aft] all to possess ! hon\r ( ! contrivance1 al?\gh we c]ta9ly prov$ ! la/ to make ( x any g5]al or ext5sive use4 ,major ,munn's orig9al hive op5$ at ! back1 & :5 9 #ahea he reappe>$ 9 pr9t ) a hive op5+ at ! top1 he _h alt]$ ! frames 7& hive too7 f oblong to triangul>4 ,probably "o reason ( ! inv5tion's failure 0 ! exp5siv5ess ( ! ,major's fitt+s1 :i* are su* z to make ! hive appe> 9 8 engrav+s m l "s a/ronomical in/rum5t ?an a box = bees & honey4 ,be ?is z x may1 !re 0 practically no su* ?+ z a frame hive 9 use 9 ,engl& till #ahfj1 :5 ,mr4 ,tegetmei] 0 ! means ( re9troduc+ x--:e!r f ,g]many or ,am]ica we are n q sure4 ,! ,g]man hives1 h[ev]1 op5 at ! end1 :ile ,mr4 ,lang/ro?'s are l our own2 s t1 :oev] 0 ! inv5tor ( b>-frame hives1 ! hive ( ,engli% api>ians comes ne>] to ?is g5tleman's ?an to t ( any "o else4 ,mr4 ,woodbury x 0 :o aft]w>ds br\ght out ! frame hive :i* met ) ! fir/ g5]al acceptance 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,footnote #ba3 ,a ,description ( ! ,b>-&-,frame ,hive inv5t$ by ,w4 ,a4 ,munn1 ,esq43 ,london1 ,van ,voor/1 #ahdd2 #bnd ed4 #ahea4 ,9 8 edition ( ,bevan's ,honey ,bee1 br\ght out 9 #ahgj1 ! ,major tells u t he _h be5 = "s ye>s engag$ 9 connection ) ?is di/+ui%$ au?or 7& we presume ,mr4 ,gold+7 91 ! prep>ation ( ! above hive4 ,hav+ made allusion to ! con/ruction ( ! ,g]man hives x may be acceptable to "s if we app5d a few additional p>ticul>s4 ,accord+ to ,von ,b]leps*1 ! dep? %\ld be ab\t sixte5 in*es1 ! l5g? tw5ty-eight1 & ! bread? only n9e1 s t ! receptacle is high & n>r[1 & rea*es a long way back4 ,! frames1 :i* fit crossways1 are consequ5tly mu* l our own turn$ up on end1 or p]haps m frequ5tly two frames are us$1 "o z a /ory above ! o!r4 ,) ! mo/ approv$ hive 7! ,lag]beute7 in/ead ( sup]s ! fur!r end ( ! long box is p>tition$ (f & goes by ! "n ( ! honey-room4 ,!n1 z ! only practical op5+ is at ?is end1 n only mu/ ?is room be cle>$ away equally ) our sup]s be=e ! brood frames c be got at1 b none ( ^! c be rea*$ )\t tak+ out all ! o!rs t are 9 front ( !m4 ,:5 sup]s are us$ ! frames c be extract$ )\t int]f]+ ) ^!1 s t "s advantage might !n result f su* arrangem5t2 b g5]ally speak+ ?is op]ation ( removal is a r>e necessity :ile ! sup]s are on4 ,9 "s cases extraction at ! top may be ! m conv5i5t1 & 9 o!rs at ! end2 & we h !re=e 9 our ,philadelphia hive 7 xii47 endeav\r$ to unite ! two advantages by supply+ an op5+ bo? at ! side & ! top4 ,to return1 h[ev]1 to ! subject ( our pres5t section4 ,dur+ ! e>ly p]iod ( ,hub]'s inve/igations he prosecut$ !m by means ( s+le-comb hives1 :i* all[ ( ea* side ( ! comb be+ exam9$4 ,he f\nd1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 "o important defect4 ,! bees c\ld n 9 ^! hives clu/] toge!r1 :i* is _! natural me?od ( )/&+ ! effects ( a r$uc$ temp]ature4 ,hub] hit ^u ! +5i\s exp$i5t ( comb9+ a numb] ( s+le-comb frames1 s z to =m "o complete hive1 :i* c\ld be op5$1 9 ord] to expose any p>ticul> comb1 )\t di/urb+ ! re/4 ,f ! mann] ( ! op5+ & clos+ ( ?is hive x has g5]ally be5 call$ ! ,leaf or ,book ,hive4 ,! division sep>at+ ea* comb is jo9$ bo? back & front ) butt h+es1 fa/5$ ) a movable p91 on )draw+ :i*1 at bo? sides1 ea* comb & ! bees on x may be inspect$ z easily z if 9 a s+le-comb hive4 ,hub]'s leaf hive is ?us 9 appe>ance z if sev]al ord9>y ,hi/ory ( ,engl& *ess-bo>ds 7 set up on end toge!r2 b ea* s+le portion is di/9ct1 in/ead ( !re be+ any c\pl+ ( twos4 ,! floor-bo>d on :i* ! hive /&s is l>g] ?an ! hive :5 clos$1 s z to all[ ( its be+ op5$ freely at any p>ticul> volume4 ,an entrance-way = ! bees is holl[$ out ( ! floor-bo>d z 9 o!r hives4 ,!re is a glass w9d[ 9 ea* end ( ! hive1 :i* is provid$ ) a %utt]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o s]i\s objection to ,hub]'s hive1 :i*1 ?\gh n notic$ by him or 8 c>eful assi/ant1 has prev5t$ its g5]al use--t is1 ! difficulty !re is 9 clos+ x )\t cru%+ "s ( ! bees--a cata/rophe :i*1 by exasp]at+ _! comrades1 is c]ta9 to int]f]e ) any exp]im5ts4 ,!re is no su* risk 9 ! b>-&-frame hive1 :il/ 9 x e facility possess$ by ,hub]'s is reta9$4 ,! "* ( ,hub] & ! circum/ances "u :i* he pursu$ 8 obs]vations are s rem>kable t we ne$ sc>cely apologise = /at+ a few p>ticul>s respect+ him "h4 ,he 0 born at ,g5eva1 9 ,july #agej1 8 family be+ 9 hon\rable /ation & not$ = tal5t4 ,j z he atta9$ to manhood he lo/ 8 sight1 & rema9$ bl9d to ! end ( 8 days4 ,?is app>5tly insup]able ob/acle 9 ! way ( sci5tific obs]vation 0 ov]come by ! rem>kable fidelity ) :i* ,burn5s1 8 assi/ant1 wat*$ ! bees & report$ _! movem5ts to ,hub]4 ,madame ,hub] also1 :o1 betro!d to him be=e 8 calamity1 _h rema9$ con/ant 9 h] affection1 assi/$ 9 ! inve/igations ) great assiduity dur+ _! long & happy w$d$ life4 ,hub]1 =tunately = sci5ce1 0 9 a position to devote bo? means & leisure to ^! obs]vations2 & ,burn5s1 ?\gh only a peasant1 0 a sup]ior man1 & rose by 8 wor? to become *ief magi/rate ( 8 native village4 ,9 lat] ye>s ,hub]'s son ,pi]re r5d]$ important aid4 ,we quote ! foll[+ f ,memoirs ( ,hub] by ,pr(essor de ,c&olle3-- ,we h se5 ! bl9d %9e z poets1 & di/+ui% !mselves z philosoph]s1 musicians1 & calculators2 b x 0 res]v$ = ,hub] to give a lu/re to 8 class 9 ! sci5ces ( obs]vation1 & on objects s m9ute t ! mo/ cle>-sight$ obs]v] c sc>cely p]ceive !m4 ,! read+ ( ! works ( ,raumur & ,bonnet1 & ! conv]sation ( ! latt]1 direct$ 8 curiosity to ! hi/ory ( bees4 ,8 habitual resid5ce 9 ! c\ntry inspir$ him ) ! desire1 fir/ ( v]ify+ "s facts1 !n ( fill+ "s blanks 9 _! hi/ory2 b ?is k9d ( obs]vation requir$ n only ! use ( su* an in/rum5t z ! optician mu/ furni%1 b an intellig5t assi/ant1 :o alone c\ld adju/ x to its use4 ,he _h !n a s]vant nam$ ,francis ,burn5s1 rem>kable = 8 sagacity & = ! devotion he bore 8 ma/]4 ,hub] practis$ him 9 ! art ( obs]vation1 direct$ him to 8 rese>*es by que/ions adroitly comb9$1 &1 aid$ by ! recollections ( 8 y\? & by ! te/imonies ( 8 wife & fri5ds1 he rectifi$ ! ass]tions ( 8 assi/ant1 & became enabl$ to =m 9 8 own m9d a true & p]fect image ( ! manife/ facts4 ',i am mu* m c]ta91' said he1 smil+1 to a sci5tific fri5d1 '( :at ,i /ate ?an y are1 = y publi% :at y\r own eyes only h se51 :ile ,i take ! mean among _m witnesses4' ,?is is d\btless v plausible reason+1 b v few p]sons w by x be r5d]$ di/ru/ful ( _! own eyesight4 ,! results ( ,hub]'s obs]vations 7 publi%$ 9 #agib1 9 ! =m ( lett]s to ,bonnet1 "u ! title ( ,n\velles ,obs]vations sur les ,abeilles4 ,?is "w made a /rong impression ^u _m naturali/s1 n only because ( ! novelty ( ! facts /at$ & ! excell5t inductive reason+ employ$1 b also on acc\nt ( ! rigor\s accuracy ( ! obs]vations record$1 :5 x 0 consid]$ ) :at an extraord9>y difficulty ! au?or _h to /ruggle4 ,hub] reta9$ ! cle> faculties ( 8 obs]vant m9d until 8 dea?1 :i* took place on ! #bbnd ( ,decemb]1 #ahca4 ,mo/ ( ! facts relat+ to ! impregnation ( ! que51 ! =mation ( cells1 & ! :ole economy ( ! bee community1 z discov]$ & describ$ by ,hub]1 h receiv$ full confirmation f ! inve/igations ( succe$+ naturali/s4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,woodbury ,,frame ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,i4 ,wood4--,! late ,mr4 ,woodbury's ,b>-&-,frame ,hive1 z orig9ally made1 consi/s ( a wood5 box1 f\rte5 in*es & a half squ>e inside1 & n9e in*es deep4 ,! actual habitable space inside is less5$ by ! room occupi$ by ! frames1 ( :i* !re are t52 ^! re/ on a rabbet a little bel[ ! surface1 leav+ a space ( ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* betwe5 ! upp] side ( ! b>s & ! cr[n-bo>d4 ,?is all[s a free passage on ! top = ! bees1 entirely obviat+ ! necessity ( mak+ excavations 9 ! cr[n-bo>d1 z has hi!rto be5 recomm5d$4 ,! frames are ne>ly an in* wide1 & re/ 9 not*es1 ) spaces ( half an in* betwe5 !m2 !y ext5d to )9 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ( ! floor-bo>d1 s z to hang )\t t\*+ any "p1 leav+ ab\t ! same di/ance f ! sides4 ,x w be se5 t !re is ?us a free passage = ! bees on e side1 s t !y are kept f com+ 9 contact ) ! sides ( ! hive4 ,our illu/ration %[s ! hive op51 & exposes to view ! top ( ! t5 b>s & frames1 z !y range front & back4 ,a w9d[ is also %[n2 ?is is plac$ 9 ! figure ov] ! entrance1 b ! prop] position w\ld be j opposite4 ,! draw+ is made s z to %[ back & front at once4 ,illu/ration ,z be=e m5tion$1 ! /ock hive has t5 frames--ea* ?irte5 in*es long by sev5 & a qu>t] high 7inside measurem5t71 ) a five-eigh?s ( an in* project+ piece at ea* upp] end1 :i* re/s 9 ! not*es at back & front4 ,we h plac$ ?is hive fir/ 9 our li/ ( mod]n frame hives 9 accordance ) ! "p x has play$ 9 r5d]+ !m popul> 9 ?is c\ntry z expla9$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,/raw4--,subsequ5tly to ! introduction ( ! above wood hive ,mr4 ,woodbury recomm5d$ t ! /ock hive %\ld be made ( /raw1 ( exactly ! same dim5sions2 ?is mat]ial be+ w>m] 9 w9t]1 cool] 9 summ]1 m equable 9 temp]ature at all times1 slightly v5tilat+1 & all[+ ( absorption4 ,bees1 dur+1 cold wea!r1 clu/] toge!r to g5]ate ! requisite degree ( heat2 ! temp]ature ( ! int]ior ( ! hive be+ ?us s mu* high] ?an ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 a good deal ( moi/ure cond5ses at ! top & on ! sides ( ! hive4 ,! /raw1 z be=e /at$1 prev5ts ?is dampness hang+ ab\t )91 & t5ds to keep ! inmates m heal?y4 ,! squ>e /raw hives1 & a ma*9e = mak+ !m1 exhibit$ 9 ! ,au/rian dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 sugge/$ ! idea ( employ+ t mat]ial = ,engli% frame hives4 ,we h _h a ma*9e made resembl+ ! "o exhibit$1 & suit$ to ! size 9 use by u1 by :i* our hive-mak] is able to manufacture neat squ>e hives 9 /raw4 ,^! h a wood frame at top1 an in* deep1 ) ! requisite not*es to all[ ! t5 comb-frames to hang4 ,a simil> frame =ms ! base1 ! /raw be+ work$ betwe54 ,an in* projection is left on all sides ( ! floor-bo>d beyond ! ext]ior ( ! hive1 f :i* x is slightly *amf]$ d[n4 ,an entrance1 f\r in*es wide1 is cut out ( ! sub/ance ( ! bo>d1 beg9n+ at ! edge1 & cont9u+ on ! same level until inside ! hive1 :]e x slopes upw>ds4 ,?is entrance is ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* high :]e ! hive crosses x4 ,^! /raw hives h be5 g5]ally made )\t w9d[s1 z ,mr4 ,woodbury & o!r sci5tific api>ians h s pref]r$ !m4 ,!y h consid]$ glass w9d[s unsuitable = w9t]1 because !n moi/ure cond5ses on ! glass4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! hav+ a peephole or two 9 a hive adds v agreeably to its value = amateur bee-keep]s1 &1 to meet ! wi%es ( su*1 we h _h /raw hives con/ruct$ ) w9d[s4 ,x is n e "o :o w\ld l to lift out ! frames z (t5 z is necess>y = an inspection ( ! /ate ( ! colony1 nor p]haps is x advisable to be (t5 ?us m$dl+4 ,! w9d[s h also a v neat appe>ance4 ,we h hives ) "o1 & "s ) two & ?ree w9d[s2 ( c\rse a little extra exp5se is incurr$ :]e ^! are made1 b t is n object$ to by ^? :o approve ( ! additional conv5i5ce4 ,! cr[n-bo>d 7if a /raw top c be call$ by t "n7 has1 l ! hive1 a frame ( wood all r\nd1 & a squ>e piece ( wood 9 ! c5tre1 ) a two-in* hole2 ?is hole is = ! purpose ( adm9i/]+ food1 9 a mode to be expla9$ h]eaft]4 ,a circul> block ( wood1 f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 closes ! op5+4 ,illu/ration #c4 ,glass4--,"s bee-keep]s l to be able to make a full & daily inspection ( ! hive2 we h !re=e prep>$ a few hives1 con/ruct$ ( wood5 frames enclos$ on all sides & on ! top ) w9d[-glass4 ,! dim5sions are precisely ! same z ^? be=e m5tion$1 & all[ ! same numb] ( b>s & frames 7t574 ,! cr[n has a r\nd hole cut 9 ! glass to admit ( fe$+4 ,! f\r sides are con/ruct$ ( d\ble glass1 to pres]ve ! bees f v>iations ( temp]ature4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 recomm5d ?is hive = a w9t] resid5ce = ! bees2 we %\ld pref] lift+ ! combs out & plac+ !m 9 a /raw hive ( simil> con/ruction1 to pass ?r\gh ! ordeal ( ! w9t] season 7,*ap4 ,v4 xx474 ,su* a hive is an object ( mu* int]e/1 z 9 x ! :ole commonweal? ( bees is expos$ to view2 & x ne$ n be obscur$ f daylight1 provid$ x be protect$ f sun & ra94 ,all ! ext]nal woodwork c be /a9$1 v>ni%$1 or made ( poli%$ mahogany2 s t ! appe>ance ( ! glass frame hive is extremely neat1 & mu* approv$ (4 ,x4 ,,neighb\rs' ,,new ,,frame ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,i4 ,wood4--,s9ce ! =m] editions ( ?is "w 7 publi%$1 sev]al alt]ations & improvem5ts h be5 made4 ,we f9d1 9 ! fir/ place1 t a deep] hive ?an ! ,woodbury is desirable = ! bett] conc5tration ( heat1 & also to admit ( m honey be+ /or$ above ! brood1 s t ! food %all be easi] ( access to ! bees 9 w9t]4 ,our new frame hive measures accord+ly tw5ty-"o in*es f front to back1 sixte5 in*es 9 wid?1 & twelve 9 height1 ?us all[+ ! sides to be con/ruct$ ( ! orig9al bread? ( ! planks1 viz41 elev5 in*es 7! o!r in* be+ made up by ! ?ickness ( ! floor-bo>d74 ,! frames1 ( :i* !re are n9e1 are t5 in*es deep & ?irte5 wide2 !y re/ on /rips ( z9c1 :i* prev5t ! bees f propolis+ !m d[n s firmly1 &1 z ! outsides ( ! hive are s enl>g$ z to leave gall]ies f side to side beyond ! ends ( ! b>s1 !re is easy access all[$ to ! f+]s 9 remov+4 ,ano!r notewor?y improvem5t is ! addition ( a dummy frame1 :i* is m]ely a ?9 piece ( bo>d ( ! same size z a frame1 & ^: use is ei!r to contract ! dim5sions ( ! hive accord+ to ! population1 or to make room1 by its removal = ! extraction ( ! fir/ comb4 ,! frames are held firm & kept at _! correct di/ances ap>t by means ( small /aples1 & a slit is =m$ l5g?ways = ! ins]tion ( impress$ wax %eets or guide-/rips cut f ^!4 ,! cr[n-bo>d re/s on ! ?9 edge ( z9c1 9 ord] t x may be replac$ m quickly1 ) less dang] ( cru%+ a bee ?an on a broad] surface4 ,!re is a fe$+-hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>d1 :i* 9 "s hives is clos$ by a z9c slide runn+ 9 an op5+ cut out ( ! wood1 & 9 o!rs is cov]$ by a wood5 block4 ,9 ! m highly f9i%$ hives two long op5+s are cut = admitt+ bees to ! sup]4 ,two slides = ea* op5+ are suppli$--"o pair be+ ( pla9 z9c = clos+ !m entirely1 ! o!r ) slits cut ( ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 wid? = ! purpose ( que5-prev5t]s 7see ,*ap4 ,,iv4 xvii474 ,! sup]s are simil>1 b n s deep1 & h eight frames in/ead ( n9e2 !y are1 h[ev]1 frames1 & n m]e b>s z ord9>ily4 ,! sides & top are ( glass1 ) baize-l9$ %utt]s4 ,a hive int]m$iate betwe5 ?is & ! ,philadelphia 7 xii471 & :i* may be call$ ,! ,cottag]'s ,improv$ ,frame ,hive1 is %[n inside ! op5$ cov] on page #agi4 ,x has a /raw cr[n-bo>d & a l>g] w9d[1 & is design$ to admit a z9c adapt] ) que5-prev5t+ p]=ations2 9 o!r respects x is id5tical ) ! above hive4 #b4 ,/raw4--,! figure ov]leaf exhibits ,neighb\rs' ,new ,/raw ,frame ,hive1 ) sup] atta*$4 ,x is ( exactly ! same size & con/ruction z ! =ego+4 ,!re is a /raw cr[n-bo>d ) fe$+-hole 9 ! c5tre1 & two slits ( z9c ) que5-prev5t+ op5+s z above4 ,! sup]s ( ! /raw hive are made ( its own mat]ial1 b h ?ree w9d[s in/ead ( "o4 ,! advantages ( /raw = hives are describ$ "u ! ,woodbury /raw hive1 above4 ,illu/ration #c4 ,glass4--,a repres5tation ( ?is same hive 9 glass1 ) its sup]1 is giv5 inside ! op5$ cov] figur$ on page #agg4 ,no?+ ne$ be add$ "h1 z ! con/ruction is ! same ) t ( ! wood hive4 ,see ! description ( ! ,woodbury glass hive 9 ! previ\s section = g5]al rem>ks ^u hives ( t mat]ial4 ,,xi4 ,,neighb\rs' ,,cottag]',s ,,frame ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,?is is a simpl] & less exp5sive hive ?an ! "o j describ$1 be+ )\t w9d[s or a dummy1 & ) wood5 cr[n & floor bo>ds4 ,9 o!r respects x is ! same1 & is ?us suitable = p]sons ) small means1 or :o may wi% to pur*ase 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,almo/ any k9d ( sup] may be adju/$ to ?is hive1 b ^? specially adapt$ are ! frame sup] & our divisional & sectional sup]s1 = all ( :i* see ! article on ,sup]s 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 vi474 ,to admit ( _! addition ! cr[n-bo>d mu/ be remov$1 & a z9c adapt] ) que5-prev5t+ op5+s sub/itut$4 ,,xii4 ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,frame ,,hive4 ,our frame hives hi!rto describ$ h facilities = extract+ ! movable combs at ! ro( ( ! hive2 ) ! pres5t "o ! frames are drawn out at ! sides z well z above4 ,?is is manife/ly a great conv5i5ce1 z x obviates ! necessity ( remov+ ! sup]s :5 an exam9ation ( ! combs is requir$ to be made 9 ! mid/ ( ! work+ season4 ,! hive1 cov]1 & /& are all 9 "o1 & ! side-flap falls d[n1 z x does 9 ! cov] %[n on page #age1 & ! loose glaz$ side1 by removal1 s]ves z a dummy1 all[+ ea* comb to be )drawn )\t risk ( scrap+ ! next4 ,! cov]1 x w be se51 op5s at "o side1 z does ! /ock hive4 ,! floor-bo>d draws out on ! plan adopt$ by ,mr4 ,*e%ire4 ,illu/ration ,!re is a /raw cr[n-bo>d ) a fe$+-hole1 :i* 9 summ] is replac$ by a que5-prev5t+ z9c adapt] p]=at$ all ov] ) circul> holes too n>r[ to admit ! que5 or drones4 ,! :ole space ov] ! frames is !n cov]$ ) our small sectional sup]s 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 vi471 :i*1 by means ( ! num]\s p]=ations1 are completely season$ to ! bees' ta/e ) ! same sc5t z ! hive itself4 ,! hive ) its cov] is complete )\t any fur!r protection f ! wea!r1 & x c>ries its own /&4 ,x 0 v highly comm5d$ at ! ,alex&ra ,palace ,bee ,%[4 ,,xiii4 ,,*e%ire',s ,,frame ,,hive4 ,9 its g5]al pr9ciples & inn] /ructure ?is hive diff]s v little f ! "o la/ describ$1 ) :i* 9 outw>d appe>ance x is /ill m closely id5tical2 b ! walls ( ! /ock hive1 :5 made ( wood 7= !y c also be _h 9 /raw1 if ! api>ian s pref]s7 are con/ruct$ d\ble1 ) an airspace betwe51 ) a view to modify+ ! v>iations ( temp]ature4 ,! upp] "p ( ! out] woodwork is a cov] to ! sup]s1 & op5s on a h+e at "o side4 ,)9 are two ( ,lee's b> sup]s1 plac$ "o ^u ! o!r1 ! upp] ( :i* is to be fir/ suppli$1 & ! o!r add$ f b5ea? :5 ! fir/ is p>tly fill$4 ,! /ock hive usually conta9s elev5 ( ! regul>-siz$ ,woodbury frames1 besides ! dummy4 ,admission is giv5 to ! sup] by means ( slits 9 ! sides ( two ( ! five planks con/itut+ ! cr[n-bo>d1 & :5 ! sup] is away ^! two c be %ift$ to ! ends1 :5 ! slits w come outside ! hive4 ,! entrance-hole is t5 in*es 9 l5g?1 b is provid$ ) %utt]s = n>r[+ or clos+ x4 ,! alight+-bo>d 9 front ( ! entrance is groov$ 9 ord] to let (f wet or moi/ure4 ,! entire floor-bo>d draws out to all[ ( clean+4 ,,xiv4 ,,abbott',s ,,new ,,frame ,,hive4 ,mr4 ,abbott's new hive is di/+ui%$ = ! l>ge size ( its frames1 :i* are sixte5 in*es long by t5 deep4 ,!re are eight ( !m1 besides two dummies4 ,! honey-bo>d is 9 ?ree portions1 ) a r\nd hole 9 ! c5tre = fe$+1 & two slits = giv+ admission to ! sup]s1 :i* are ,lee's4 ,?is divid$ cr[n-bo>d re/s close ^u ! b>s ( ! frames1 & a quilt %\ld be plac$ ov] x 9 w9t]4 ,! /ock hive is ( /raw1 & c>ries its own cov] & /&4 ,its dim5sions are two feet wide & ?ree high4 ,mr4 ,abbott has previ\sly con/ruct$ "s *eap] hives1 b *eapness 0 made too exclusively _! object to all[ ( _! becom+ suffici5tly s]viceable to be recomm5d$4 ,,xv4 ,,! ,,/ew>ton ,,hive4 ,illu/ration ,! ,/ew>ton hive 7also call$ ! ,ayr%ire hive7 is s (t5 spok5 (1 & 9 su* fav\rable t]ms1 by bee-keep]s1 t we deem x necess>y to give x a place "h1 & to supply "s explanation ( its con/ruction & managem5t4 ,we consid] ?is especially ne$ful1 z "s ( ! pr9ciples ( its managem5t are s imp]fectly und]/ood t _m mi/akes are made1 & also because1 = ! conv5i5ce ( bee-keep]s1 we keep a supply ( ^! hives on h&4 ,! "n is d]iv$ f _! hav+ be5 fir/ br\ght out at ,/ew>ton1 9 ,scotl&2 & !y are /ill made s well1 & at s mod]ate a price1 9 t c\ntry1 t ,london workm5 are unable to compete 9 _! manufacture4 ,our supply is !re=e f t s\rce2 s t1 ) a little addition = c>riage1 ! price approximates t ( ! mak]s !mselves1 af=d+ a conv5i5ce to _m ( our api>ian fri5ds 9 be+ able to obta9 ^! hives 9 ,london4 ,our illu/ration %[s ! f\r boxes set up :5 ! hive is complete4 ,we w suppose t ! beg9n] has j receiv$ ! f\r octagonal boxes deta*$1 ) ! bundles ( groov$ slides4 ,ab\t "o-half ( ^! are %ort pieces1 or pegs1 t]m$ sectional slides1 b simil>ly cut to ! long] ones2 ^! are to fill up ! op5+s :]e ! full slides are n put 91 or are requir$ to be )drawn1 z h]eaft] expla9$4 ,he w f9d himself 9 possession ( f\r boxes s neatly dovetail$ on ! bevel1 t1 if he be ( a me*anical turn1 he w n only be surpris$ at ! way 9 :i* !y are put toge!r1 b also at ! price = :i* !y are (f]$4 ,?ree ( ! boxes1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 te*nically call$ body boxes1 are precisely simil>1 ea* be+ f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet] & five in*es & a half deep inside4 ,n9e b>s range along ! top ( ea* box4 ,^! are n movable1 b are design$ to induce ! regul> build+ ( ! combs4 ,betwe5 ^! & beyond ! out] ones are t5 n>r[ slides1 ! slides & b>s be+ groov$ to fit into ea* o!r1 s t ! top is completely cov]$ z if ) a cr[n-bo>d4 ,9 ! figure ! slides are %[n z p>tly )drawn4 ,! f\r? box1 ,d1 is ! depriv+ box or sup]2 x is only f\r in*es deep1 b ! same 9 diamet] z ! o!rs4 ,?is be+ ! honey-box1 x is furni%$ ) sev5 wide fix$ b>s in/ead ( n9e1 because1 z /at$ at page #ahc1 bees con/ruct deep] receptacles to conta9 ! honey ?an = bre$+ 93 ?us1 %\ld ! que5 g up into ?is comp>tm5t1 %e may f9d ! cells are too mu* elongat$ to enable h] to rea* ! base :5 h] body is ins]t$ = ! purpose ( deposit+ an egg4 ,! honey is ?us kept pure1 & ! ?ick comb has a m massive1 ri*] appe>ance1 & t :i* n unfrequ5tly m>s ! quality ( a sup]--viz41 cells t ei!r conta9 brood or h be5 br$ 9--is prev5t$4 ,ea* box is furni%$ ) two small w9d[s1 back & front1 clos$ by slid+ %utt]s1 by :i* opportunity is af=d$ = inspect+ ! progress made1 & also = asc]ta9+ :5 ! cells are fill$ & ! box may be tak5 away4 ,ea* ( ! boxes ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 is furni%$ ) an entrance-way f\r in*es wide & half an in* high1 a wood5 slide ei!r :olly or p>tially clos+ x z requir$4 ,:5 at "w ! bees ne$ only "o entrance op51 & t at ! l[e/ box4 ,! long slides be=e m5tion$ are pu%$ into _! respective receptacles f ! back ( ! hive to close ! op5+s betwe5 ! b>s2 ^? ( !m t are %ort] w be se5 to belong to ! sides ( ! octagon1 & _! ends are cut angul> to suit ! =m ( ! box4 ,a little exam9ation w suffice to %[ ! "r allotm5t ( ! slides1 ! appropriation ( :i* may be said some:at to resemble ! putt+ toge!r ( a *ild's puzzle4 ,! box ,b mu/ be left op5 at ! int]/ices t correspond ) ! box ,a1 plac$ above1 ! little op5+s be+ clos$ by ! ins]tion ( ! t5 sections ( slides1 ?us leav+ free communication inside ) ! upp] box ,a1 & admitt+ ( no outlet = ! bees except at ! entrance4 ,:5 ! f\r boxes are plac$ above ea* o!r1 ! /ructure measures tw5ty-two in*es high4 ,! ,scot* c>p5t]s s5d no floor-bo>d1 & no cov]+ or ro( = ! top to %oot (f ! ra92 !y evid5tly expect t ! pur*as] is provid$ ) a %$ or bee-h\se ( "s k9d1 & also ) a floor-bo>d4 ,%\ld ! api>ian1 h[ev]1 n h ^! necess>ies1 we c supply ! defici5cy4 ,! sides ( ! boxes are furni%$ ) wood5 buttons1 :i*1 :5 turn$ r\nd1 keep ea* box exactly 9 its place "o above ! o!r2 !re are also project+ irons or screw heads = ty+ ! two boxes ,a & ,b toge!r prep>atory to hiv+ ! sw>m1 also = weigh+2 or if ! boxes /& out expos$1 all may be ?us secur$1 to prev5t _! be+ bl[n ov] by high w9ds4 ,9 putt+ ! hive into use1 take ! two boxes ,a & ,b1 made "o by ! junction be=e m5tion$1 ) complete access f "o to ! o!r inside by ! free communication af=d$4 ,%ake ! sw>m 9 j z ) a common cottage hive4 ,if ! wea!r be fav\rable ^! two boxes w be ne>ly fill$ 9 t5 days4 ,to get ! full advantage ( ! ,/ew>ton hive ! fir/ ye>1 put two sw>ms into two body boxes1 ,a & ,b4 ,all[ ! bees to rema9 !re till !y h ne>ly fill$ ! body boxes ) comb1 :i* 7) ?is increas$ numb] ( work]s1 & 9 fav\rable wea!r7 %\ld be f five to t5 days4 ,two sw>ms are seldom procurable ! same day s z !n to be jo9$ toge!r1 & ev5 if !y 7 !re is a d\bt :e!r great] progress may n be atta9$ by hiv+ "o sw>m a week or s e>li] ?an ! o!r1 s z to build comb & raise brood ready = ! reception ( ! new com]s4 ,! second sw>m %\ld be hiv$ 9 ! ?ird body box1 ,c1 & plac$ close to ! boxes ,a1 ,b1 & at dusk ^! la/ are plac$ on ! top ( ! box ,c4 ,! entrance be+ op5 9 ! l[e/ box1 t ( ! c5tral box1 ,b1 %\ld n[ be clos$ ) ! slide4 ,! top slides ( box ,c mu/ be )drawn & ! int]/ices pegg$ ) ! sectional slides4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! night ! second sw>m w asc5d & jo9 ! o!r1 ?us becom+ "o family4 ,9 ! morn+ "o ( ! que5s w probably be f\nd ?r[n out 9 front4 ,! box ,c is !n to be remov$1 & ! entrance slide ( box ,b )drawn4 ,%\ld all ! bees n h asc5d$1 ! removal may be def]r$ until lat] 9 ! day :5 _m ( !m are disp]s$ ga!r+ honey4 ,! object ( remov+ ! box ,c is to re/rict ! room s t ! "w ( comb-build+ may be c>ri$ on m rapidly1 & ! bees be soon] ready to "w 9 ! sup] box ,d1 plac$ above4 ,!y may be allur$ into ?is by fix+ small pieces ( work] guide-comb1 ( pure :ite col\r1 on ! c5tre ( ea* side b>4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a box ( honey ) neatly made1 /raight1 & q regul> comb be desir$1 a piece ( ?is guide-comb mu/ be fix$ to ! c5tre ( ea* b> ( ! sev54 ,if guide-comb be unobta9able1 /rips ( ! impress$ wax %eets or artificial comb 7h]eaft] describ$7 w be f\nd excell5t sub/itutes4#bb ,footnote #bb3 ,! body boxes may be prep>$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,hav+ satisfi$ y\rself1 by peep+ 9 at ! w9d[s1 & f symptoms at ! entrance1 t ! orig9al boxes are well fill$1 place y\r prep>$ honey-box on ! top1 draw a slide at ea* side ( ! middle box to af=d communication1 & ins]t ! little pegs4 ,x is n well to )draw ! slides 9 ! middle1 because ! que5 is !n f> m likely to asc5d4 ,bees may m readily be induc$ to "w 9 ! sup]s if ! junctures are cov]$ ) gumm$ pap] to pres]ve w>m?4 ,:5 y notice t ! bees h fairly comm5c$ "w 9 ! honey-box1 & are likely to keep to x1 a second & aft]w>ds o!r sup]s may /ill be add$1 ! new "o be+ always plac$ upp]mo/2 9 all cases ! rema9+ box ,c mu/ be add$ bel[ ! /ock1 :i* w af=d additional room & prev5t sw>m+1 ex*ang+ ! entrance to ! newly-furni%$ box & slid+ 9 pieces ( wood to close ! ap]ture ( t above4 ,sup]s & nadirs may 9 fact be add$--9 f9e seasons & ) fir/-rate managem5t--till !re are eight or t5 boxes 9 ! pile4 ,%\ld ! bees beg9 mak+ comb 9 ! bottom box1 draw two m slides = fre] access into ! sup]1 z !re w !n be little risk ( ! que5 asc5d+1 hav+ s mu* range = egg-lay+ 9 ! ?ree l[] boxes4 ,9 v f9e wea!r a good sw>m or /ock w fill a honey-box 9 ! space ( two weeks2 b a mu* long] "t is usually occupi$4 ,! process ( tak+ ! honey diff]s v little f t ord9>ily foll[$ 9 remov+ sup]s 7,*ap4 ,v4 xiv474 ,! sup] box is disconnect$ ) a spatula & tw9e2 !n draw+ out "o or two top slides1 ! bees are smok$ or bl[n ) bell[s to cause !m to make _! exit4 ,be=e w9t] sets 91 ! box ,c1 if 9 use1 may be remov$1 & ! comb x conta9s 7if well fill$7 be us$ = consumption2 if ! comb be empty1 let x rema9 c>efully gu>d$ f mo? & o!r insects1 z x w be invaluable next season4 ,empty comb may be ?us pres]v$ by ty+ or pa/+ a piece ( /\t newspap] closely r\nd ! bottom1 & keep+ ! box 9 a dry place4 ,fe$+1 :5 requir$1 may be lib]ally pursu$ by )draw+ two slides & supply+ a bottle or o!r fe$]4 ,! *ief value ( ! ,/ew>ton sup]s consi/s 9 ! boxes be+ %all[1 s t ! combs are m likely to be well fill$ d[n to ! base2 ! bees w also comm5ce "w m readily 9 su* ?an 9 l(ti] comp>tm5ts4 ,?is is a great advantage ) sup]s1 p>ticul>ly :5 requir$ to be s5t to a di/ance1 z !re is less likelihood ( ! combs break+ d[n4 ,= ! same reason1 :5 ! wea!r is hot & ! rays ( ! sun fall on ! hive1 ! combs might "p f _! f\ndations if !re 7 no int]m$iate b>s1 :i* is n[ ! case 9 ! /ock hive1 compos$ z x is ( two boxes4 ,if ^! two boxes 7 9 "o1 ! dep? ( ea* comb w\ld be twelve in*es2 &1 :5 fill$ ) brood & honey1 w\ld probably weigh t5 p\nds4 ,?is is a great weight to be support$ 9 hot summ] wea!r1 :5 ! wax is s(t5$ by ! heat4 ,ano!r di/+ui%+ feature t ! ,/ew>ton hive possesses is ! use ( ! box ,c1 :i*1 by giv+ increas$ room z ! season advances1 prev5ts :at is (t5 an annoyance to ! api>ian1 viz41 a late sw>m--too late to be ( any value1 & impov]i%+ ! /ock by a division ( its numb]s1 !reby p]haps imp$+ ! completion ( ! sup]4 ,a fur!r advantage ( ! box ,c is t x induces ! bees 7:o frequ5tly hang 9 clu/]s ab\t ! entrance7 to c>ry on _! "w in/ead ( rema9+ 9 en=c$ idl5ess4 ,an accompli%$ api>ian :o writes mu* 9 ! ,horticultural & ,bee ,j\rnals "u ! title ( ,a ,r5frew%ire ,bee-keep]1 & ^: descriptions & managem5t ( ! ,/ew>ton hive r5d] him an au?ority on ?is mode ( bee-keep+ z well z on ! subject g5]ally1 says ! only fault he has to f9d ) ! ,/ew>ton hive is ! fixity ( ! b>s4 ,) a modifi$ hive us$ by him !y are held 9 position ) half-in* brass screws2 ?us all are movable1 in/ead ( be+ fa/5$ ) nails z 9 ! orig9al ,/ew>ton4 ,9 ea* ( ! ?ree body boxes are f\r b>-frames f end to end ( ! p>allel sides2 ! two combs on ei!r side ( ^! are atta*$ to movable b>s1 b ^! h no frames1 z !re w\ld be a difficulty 9 mak+ !m to suit ! angle4 ,if x is requisite to )draw ! b>s1 !y may be easily disconnect$ f ! sides by pass+ d[n a knife4 ,^! boxes are "o in* deep] ?an ^? ( ! ord9>y ,/ew>ton4 ,we mu/ say we d n consid] t !re is q ! same facility = extract+ combs z ) o!r movable comb hives describ$ 9 ^! pages1 b ?is may be an elem5t ( success--x possesses ! opportunity )\t ! facility4 ,_m indiscreet bee-keep]s are tempt$ to di/urb _! bees a great deal too mu*4 ,! writ] _h ! pleasure ( pay+ ?is g5tleman a visit :5 9 ,scotl& la/ autumn1 & saw 8 api>y1 also "s remnants ( ! /ore ( wond]ful sup]s he took f 8 hives la/ summ]--specim5s inde$ ( good bee-keep+1 & ( ! gold5 maxim wor?y ( all imitation1 ,keep y\r /ocks /rong4 ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,lan>k%ire ,,hive4 ,9 outw>d =m ?is hive is mu* l ! fir/ b>-frame hive introduc$ to ,engli% api>ians by ,mr4 ,tegetmei]1 :o ab\t eighte5 ye>s ago 0 secret>y to a n[ defunct api>ian society ! head-qu>t]s ( :i* 7 j outside ,london at ,muswell ,hill4 ,?is g5tleman adapt$ ! ,/ew>ton slides to a squ>e b>-frame hive1 s t no cr[n-bo>d 0 ne$$1 j z is "h provid$ by ! +5i\s ,lan>k%ire bee-keep]4 ,"o ( ,mr4 ,tegetmei]'s hives may be se5 at ! ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum ( ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,f "s cause x did n come into v g5]al use4 ,! /ock hive we are n[ describ+ measures sixte5 in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s f front to re>1 & sev5te5 & a qu>t] f side to side1 )92 ! height is n9e in*es & a half1 & x conta9s elev5 frames & "o division bo>d or dummy4 ,ea* ( ! frames is fitt$ ) a false b>1 :i* is int5d$ to be "u ! b> prop]3 by tak+ a frame & press+ ?is b> out1 an arrangem5t w be f\nd = enclos+ & hold+ tightly fix$ ! impress$ %eets ( wax = guides4 ,! ends ( ! frames re/ 9 ! front & back ( ! hive2 ! top edges ( ! latt] be+ deeply groov$ along _! c5tres to r$uce ! be>+ surfaces1 s t !re may be less dang] ( cru%+ a bee :5 ! frames are plac$ 9 position4 ,^! are n[ kept ap>t1 & ! spaces betwe5 are clos$ by wood5 slides z 9 ! octagon ,/ew>ton hive2 ?us ! advantages claim$ by ,scot* api>ians are "h to be f\nd 9 a squ>e b>-frame hive4 ,! sides & l[] ends ( ! frames h projections :i* t\* & keep ea* o!r /eady1 s t ! combs are n s liable to be press$ toge!r4 ,! sup] is f\r in*es deep & equal 9 diamet] to ! /ock hive1 & is furni%$1 l x1 ) false b>s1 :i* h slits = ins]t+ ^? infallible guides1 ! impress$ wax5 %eets4 ,^! are surm\nt$ ) ano!r r[ ( movable b>s ) ! ,/ew>ton slides betwe5 z be=e expla9$4 ,! back ( ! hive has a circul> revolv+ disc ( wood ( half ?ickness let into x1 9 :i* are ?ree ?ree-qu>t] in* holes cov]$ ) p]=at$ z9c1 s t v5tilation may be giv5 or n4 ,! alight+-bo>d is made to slide 9 & out 9 grooves b5ea? ! floor-bo>d1 :i* arrangem5t is conv5i5t = transit ( ! hive to ! moors or any:]e else4 ,! entrance is op5$ or clos$ by means ( slid+ %utt]s1 "o on ea* side4 ,outside cov]+ f ! wea!r is ne$$1 & ?is we are also 9 a position to provide4 ,?is is beyond d\bt an +5i\s useful hive1 & h[ s mu* lab\r c be be/[$ & yet ! hive co/ s little is a m>vel4 ,,xvii4 ,,neighb\rs' ,,unicomb ,,obs]vatory ,,hive--,,outdoor4 ,! unicomb hive "h repres5t$ has _m advantages ov] simil> hives z previ\sly con/ruct$4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! int]ior divid$ into six comp>tm5ts2 ^! are six ,woodbury frames4 ,! inn] sa% op5s1 to admit ( hang+ up ! frames on ! not*es prep>$ = !m4 ,! wid? ( ! hive betwe5 ! glasses ( ! sa%es is j suffici5t to admit ( "o ?ickness ( comb1 ) space on ea* side = ! bees to pass & repass betwe5 ! glass & ! comb4 ,any "o possess+ a ,woodbury box or /raw frame hive c readily comm5ce a unicomb1 & z readily put ! combs & bees back into ! squ>e hive aga94 ,illu/ration ,! outside %utt]s on ea* side are compos$ ( ,v5etian bl9ds1 admitt+ daylight1 b obscur+ ! rays ( ! sun4 ,!re are two iron :eels1 ! "o fix$ to ! bottom ( ! hive1 ! o!r to a /\t bo>d runn+ along its entire l5g?2 on ^! two :eels ! :ole /ructure turns4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! floor-bo>d !re is an op5+1 ) a passage-way runn+ und]nea?1 s t ! bees' entrance is 9 no way affect$ by ! position ( ! hive1 :i* revolves to suit ! conv5i5ce ( visitors inspect+ x4 ,%\ld ! que51 ) h] att5dants1 n be visible on "o side1 ! o!r side ( ! comb c be br\ght into full view1 & exam9$ ) ! same facility z a picture1 or z articles are inspect$ 9 a %op w9d[4 ,?us ! sov]eign "m1 ! drones ) _! aimless movem5ts1 & ! cr[d ( ev]-busy work]s1 ei!r build+ _! combs or /or+ honey1 may be always se51 z pres5t+ a v]itable tableau vivant4 ,ano!r improvem5t t we h made ^u ,mr4 ,woodbury's patt]n is t ( adapt+ to admit ! frames & ?is has necessitat$ an increase 9 size4 ,! outside dim5sions are ne>ly ?ree feet squ>e & sev5 in*es deep f back to front4 ,provision is made at top = fe$+1 & = work+ two small flat-top glasses = deprivation1 :i* are protect$ by ! wea!r-bo>d4 ,an alight+-bo>d is plac$ at ! c5tre1 close "u ! entrance4 ,! hive c1 h[ev]1 be plac$ indoors1 :5 x mu/ be adju/$ to ! w9d[-sa% l ! indoor unicomb 9 ! next section4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahfc we _h ample pro( ( ! success ( ?is hive dur+ its exhibition at ! annual %[ ( ! ,ba? & ,we/ ( ,engl& ,agricultural ,society at ,exet]4 ,we select$ six combs1 & pack$ !m 9 "o ( ! squ>e box ,woodbury frame hives1 &1 on arrival at ,exet]1 plac$ !m 9 ! unicomb4 ,t be+ fix$ aga9/ ! bo>d$ side ( a %$1 we f\nd ! cov]$ way a great conv5i5ce1 & x answ]$ rem>kably well2 ! bees did n seem to be inconv5i5c$ by hav+ to travel ?r\gh s long a passage4 ,a glass cov]+ admitt$ a full view ( ! little lab\r]s z !y cr[d$ 91 & ! sight ( !m v mu* enhanc$ ! int]e/ ( visitors exam9+ ! hive4 ,s9ce ! "t be=e m5tion$ we h exhibit$ bees at ! meet+s ( ! ,ba? & ,we/ ( ,engl& ,agricultural ,society at ,bri/ol1 & ( ! ,royal ,agricultural ,society at ,newca/le 9 #ahfd4 ,on bo? occasions fur!r pro( 0 giv5 t ?is hive admirably answ]s ! purpose int5d$1 & x af=d$ pleasure to _m ?\s&s ( visitors4 ,we also exhibit$ "o ( ^! hives 9 our collection at ! ,philadelphia ,exhibition ( #ahgf1 & 9 _! c]tificate ( aw>d ! jurors direct special att5tion to ! unicomb hive ) ,v5etian bl9ds z all[+ ! admission ( light to ! bees :il/ ! sun's direct rays are exclud$4 ,! unicomb hive may be /ock$ 9 two ways4 ,! bee-keep] may ei!r select ! comb ^u :i* ! que5 is f\nd1 & put x into ! hive1 & s =m an artificial sw>m z direct$ "u t head+ 7,*ap4 ,v4 vi471 or he may take six brood combs1 & by t means /ock ! unicomb at once4 ,! =m] plan is1 p]haps1 ! m advisable1 because new comb has to be built )9 ! five frames2 = 9 ?is case five empty frames mu/ be put 94 ,x is a bett] plan /ill if artificial combs are plac$ 9 ea* frame1 s z to af=d an int]e/+ opportunity ( wat*+ ! =mation ( ! cells !re94 ,!' combs are sure to be d>k 9 col\r :5 tak5 f a /ock hive1 & new combs1 be+ :it]1 h a bett] appe>ance 9 ! hive4 ,! comb ^u :i* ! que5 0 introduc$ may be tak5 away aft] ! artificial sw>m has made combs )9 "s ( ! o!r five frames2 :5 ! que5 is on "o ( ! new combs1 opportunity may easily be tak5 = op5+ ! hive & remov+ ! old d>k comb1 :i*1 ) ! unhat*$ brood1 may be deposit$ 9 any squ>e hive t ne$s /r5g!n+4 ,if ! possessor ( a squ>e ,woodbury frame hive wi%es to />t a /rong unicomb colony1 & does n object to appropriat+ ! /ock1 he mu/ take out ( ! ,woodbury hive any six combs on ! frames1 & put ! unicomb 9 its place s z to receive all ! return+ bees t happ5 to be abroad2 ! rema9+ combs c be ins]t$ 9 any o!r frame hives 9 :i* !re may be room4 ,we h _h ?is hive 9 op]ation1 /ock$ 9 su* mann]1 & f\nd x to answ] rem>kably well4 ,on a lawn1 plac$ on a suitable ornam5tal /&1 x =m$ a pleas+ & in/ructive object4 ,9 unicomb hives !re is consid]able difficulty 9 keep+ ! bees alive ?r\gh ! w9t]1 b :]e ! combs are removable1 ?is c be avoid$ by ! transf] recomm5d$ 9 ,*ap4 ,v4 xx4 ,9 "s degree to mod]ate ! v>iations ( temp]ature we h us$ treble glass ) a space betwe5 ea* squ>e2 great] w>m? is ?us obta9$1 & ! view is n int]cept$4 ,opportunity %\ld be tak5 = clean+ ! unicomb hive :5 empty4 ,,xviii4 ,,neighb\rs' ,,unicomb ,,obs]vatory ,,hive--,,indoor4 ,illu/ration ,?is hive is well adapt$ = ^? p]sons :o are desir\s ( hav+ ! opportunity ( closely exam9+ ! workman%ip ( ! indu/ri\s & int]e/+ inmates4 ,x is p>ticul>ly int5d$ = a w9d[ recess or an indoor api>y1 & w also be f\nd an int]e/+ addition to ! gre5h\se4 ,bees cease to appe> di/urb$ :5 exposure to ! light is cont9u\s1 & ?is discov]y enables ! bee-keep] to obta9 a full inspection4 ,! hive %\ld be scre5$ f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 :i* w\ld worry ! inmates1 & be o!rwise prejudicial4 ,an ap]ture %\ld be cut 9 ! sa% correspond+ ) ! entrance to ! hive1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees may f9d egress & +ress1 )\t be+ able to ga9 access to ! ap>tm5t1 z describ$ "u ! ,ladies' ,obs]vatory ,hive 7page #abj74 ,z ! hive is n[ made to revolve on a :eel l ! prec$+1 ?is passage mu/ ext5d eighte5 in*es )9 ! room to enable ! revolution to be made cle> ( ! w9d[4 ,! passage may be glaz$ ov]4 ,! process ( /ock+ is id5tical ) t 9 ! la/ section4 ,al?\gh ?is hive is con/ruct$ ( d\ble glass1 to keep up a m uni=m degree ( w>m?1 /ill1 f ! cold nature ( t mat]ial1 & ! close contact into :i* ! bees are br\ght ) x1 x is advisable to place flannel aga9/ x on ! outside4 ,su* precaution is f\nd ess5tial if ! bees rema9 9 ?is hive dur+ w9t]1 & v mu* adds to _! com=t on cold nights at mo/ p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,9 ! daytime1 9 summ] mon?s1 ! hive be+ ( d\ble glass1 ! :ole may be fully expos$ to view1 & if ! temp]ature ( ! ap>tm5t 9 :i* x /&s be kept up to #fj degrees1 ?is extra c>e w n be ne$$4 ,at ! annual ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahgc1 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 we _h two ( ^! hives 9 full op]ation1 an op5+ be+ made s t ! bees _h full access to ! pa/urage ( ! ,horticultural & o!r g>d5s ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,among ! _m visitors ^: delight x 0 to wat* ! hidd5 work+ ( ! hives ?us laid b>e = inspection 0 ,8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,su!rl&1 & he commission$ u to place "o ( ^! unicomb hives at ! w9d[ ( an ant]oom adjo9+ 8 libr>y at ,/af=d ,h\se1 ,/4 ,james's1 :i* we accord+ly did1 ! bees hav+ an op5 flight ov] 8 own g>d5 & ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 z ! entrance fac$ t way4 ,= a "t ?is 0 an unfail+ s\rce ( int]e/ & gratification to ,8 ,grace & 8 visitors2 b un=tunately a rev]se came ov] ! _s ( our dream4 ,! hive 0 )\t ! ,v5etian bl9ds1 ?us dep5d+ on ! w9d[-bl9d be+ c>efully drawn d[n :5 ! sun 0 %9+4 ,an ov]sight prev5t$ ?is be+ att5d$ to "o day z usual3 x 0 on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia to ,/af=d ,h\se1 :5 ! s]vants 7 s mu* occupi$ t ! seclud$ room :i* ! bees 7 9 0 :olly neglect$4 ,!1 consequ5ce 0 t ! rays ( ! burn+ ,june sun s di/ress$ ! bees t !y hung out 9 clu/]s1 ! que5 among !m1 at ! outside entrance2 ! combs 7 at ! same "t melt$1 & fell f _! f\ndations1 & ! brood 0 all ru9$ by heat '2 9 fact1 ! :ole hive became a wreck4 ,we manag$ aft] "s tr\ble to save ! bees1 b ,8 ,grace 0 s di%e>t5$ by ! cata/rophe t1 = fe> ( its repetition1 ?\gh mu* to our disappo9tm5t1 he decl9$ re-/ock+ ! hive4 ,at ! ,p>is ,exposition ,univ]selle ( #ahee we also exhibit$ a hive ( ?is description 9 full work+ ord]4 ,! bees left ,london on ! #e? ( ,july ( t ye>1 & 7 plac$ 9 ! ,exposition on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,an entrance 0 made = !m ?r\gh ! side ( ! build+1 z be=e expla9$4 ,our bees _h no national antipa?ies1 & !y imm$iately salli$ =? to _! fre% fields & pa/ures new 9 ! ,*amps ,elyses1 ! g>d5s ( ! ,tuil]ies1 ! ,luxemb\rg1 etc41 :5ce !y soon return$ lad5 ) lusci\s /ore f ,fr5* fl[]s4 ,! ,jurors ( ! ,exposition aw>d$ u a prize m$al = beehives4 ,a prize 0 also adjudg$ to u = ! hive "h describ$ at ! ,cry/al ,palace ,%[ 9 #ahgd2 :ile a v>iation t we h made--consi/+ ( f\r half-unicombs fix$ cross-way l ! sails ( a w9dmill--obta9$ a l aw>d at ! ,alex&ra ,palace ,bee ,%[ 9 #ahgf4 ,! unicomb obs]vatory hive is "o :i* might h be5 sugge/$ by ! l9es ( ,evans3-- ,by ?is ble/ art our ravi%$ eyes behold ',! s++ masons build _! ro(s ( gold1' ,& m+l+ multitudes p]plex ! view1 ,yet all 9 ord] apt _! tasks pursue4 ,/ill happi] !y ^: fav\r$ k5 ha? se5 ,pace sl[ & sil5t r\nd1 ! /ate's fair que54 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,fitt+s ,,& ,,app>atus4 ,i4 ,,bee-,,h\ses4 ,illu/ration ,,:]e is no contrivance = protect+ hives f ! wea!r s complete z a bee-h\se2 "o :i* also admits ( an easy inspection ( ! hives rang$ !re9 is especially conv5i5t = lady bee-keep]s4 ,we "h pres5t a front view ( "o design$ = only two hives4 ,! fold+ doors beh9d ! bee-h\se h only to be op5$1 & ! hives are at once expos$ to full view2 !n1 by rais+ ! upp] hive or cov]1 ! glasses may be delib]ately inspect$ )\t mole/ation f ! bees1 & ! progress made by ! busy multitude may be wat*$ f day to day4 ,"u ! ro( on ea* side are op5+s to act z v5tilators1 to all[ ! heat$ air to escape4 ,) ! sun %9+ on ! h\se1 & no escape ( ?is k9d1 ! temp]ature w\ld become t ( an ov54 ,illu/ration ,"h our illu/ration %[s ! back view ( ! bee-h\se1 ! int]ior be+ furni%$ ) two ( our improv$ cottage hives4 ,two susp5d$ weights balance ! top hives :i* cov] ! glasses2 ! cord = ea* runs on pulleys1 s t ! cov]s c be easily rais$ & z easily %ut d[n aga9 :5 ! inspection is f9i%$4 ,we may "h rem>k t x is n well to keep ! glasses long expos$ to full light & view4 ,! front ( ! bee-h\se be+ closely bo>d$1 a passage-way is contriv$ = ! bees1 by :i* !y h egress & +ress to ! hives )\t be+ able to ga9 access to ! h\se4 ,! hives mu/ be kept close to ! front bo>d+ ( ! h\se1 to prev5t ! op5+ ( any crevices :i* ! bees might mi/ake = ! entrance to _! hives1 & s f9d _! way into ! h\se4 ,! front view ( ?is bee-h\se %[s ! ord9>y contrivance = giv+ admission2 ! slid+ z9c entrances may also be advantage\sly fix$1 z %[n 9 ! woodcut ( ! bee-h\se to conta9 twelve hives4 ,! bee-h\ses we furni% h a lock & key4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! bee-h\ses free f spid]s & o!r insects4 ,9 "s di/ricts ants are num]\s & tr\blesome4 ,! plan we recomm5d = exclud+ !m is to put "s pit* r\nd ! f\r supports ( ! bee-h\se1 or1 bett] /ill1 /rips ( loose flannel or o!r wooll5 mat]ial t is absorb5t1 :i* h previ\sly be5 soak$ 9 lamp oil4 ,we use sp]m oil1 z be+ ! sl[e/-dry+ oil we "k ( ,a piece ( /r+ w keep ! flannel close to ! wood1 & !n nei!r ant nor o!r insect w pass up2 s t by ?is simple means ! hives may1 s to speak1 be insulat$ & plac$ beyond _! rea*4 ,z ! oil dries up x c easily be r5ew$4 ,we h f\nd ?is an effectual rem$y aga9/ ^! insidi\s enemies ( bees4 ,illu/ration ,:]e economy ( room is a consid]ation we fit up bee-h\ses ) a d\ble r[ ( hives1 "o above ! o!r4 ,our illu/rations %[ respectively ! front & back ( a h\se ( ?is k9d = twelve hives1 hav+ an ornam5tal z9c gutt] to prev5t ! wet f dripp+ on to ! alight+-bo>d4 ,:5 a numb] ( hives are ?us toge!r we col\r ! alight+-bo>ds diff]5tly1 s z to provide ! bees ) a di/9ctive m>k by :i* ea* may "k its own home1 & n w&] into its neighb\r's h\se4 ,bees readily en\gh receive a honey-lad5 lab\r] into a hive2 b if ! w&]] be poor & empty x w be promptly repuls$1 & may h to =feit its life = ! mi/ake4 ,que5s return+ f _! w$d+ trip are liable to mi/ake _! hive if !re is n a noticeable diff]5ce betwe5 ! entrances4 ,a que5 ent]+ a hive already possess$ ( a fruitful sov]eign w\ld be c]ta9 to be kill$1 & ! loss to h] own hive is a s]i\s "o4 ,hives are (t5 made que5less f ?is cause1 & !reby r$uc$ to utt] ru91 ! bee-ma/] p]haps attribut+ 8 failure to some?+ altoge!r diff]5t4 ,illu/ration ,9 lieu ( h\ses an economical /& c be provid$ by driv+ two r[s ( po/s into ! gr\nd1 "o r[ ab\t twelve in*es beh9d ! o!r1 & nail+ ^u !m rails two in*es wide & ?ick4 ,! hives may /& ^u ^!1 ) eighte5 in*es betwe5 !m = space = p]=m+ op]ations4 ,b !re is less fe> ( j>r+ ! o!r hives :5 ! /&s are sep>ate4 ,,ii4 ,,z9c ,,cov]s4 ,illu/ration ,! annex$ illu/ration %[s ! ornam5tal z9c cov]1 & r5d]s b little description necess>y4 ,x repres5ts "o ( our improv$ cottage hives ^u a /&4 ,?ree clumps ( wood mu/ be driv5 into ! gr\nd1 & ! ?ree iron rods support+ ! cov]+ made fa/ to !m ) screws2 !re are screw holes 9 ! feet ( ! iron rods = ! purpose4 ,:5 ?us secur$ b little fe> ne$ be ent]ta9$ ( its be+ bl[n ov] by high w9ds4 ,9 ! ro( two pulleys are fix$1 s t1 by atta*+ a cord1 ! upp] hive cov]+ ! bell-glass sup]s may be rais$ ) facility = ! purpose ( obs]v+ ! progress made by ! bees4 ,directions z to ! mode ( fix+ ! p$e/al w be f\nd above 7page #aah74 ,! ornam5tal z9c cov] w =m a pleas+ object 9 ! fl[]-g>d5 :5 plac$ 9 a suitable position on ! grass plot4 ,x is pa9t$ gre52 ! iron rods are ( su* a l5g? z to support ! ro( at a conv5i5t height f ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration ,our next figure is t ( a simple & inexp5sive cov]+ = any cottage /raw hive :5 expos$ 9 ! g>d54 ,x fits close on to ! upp] hive1 com+ suffici5tly l[ to protect x f sun & ra91 )\t obscur+ ! :ole hive4 ,^! cov]s are pa9t$ gre5--a col\r t is g5]ally pref]r$4 ,,iii4 ,,wood ,,cov]s4 ,a loose out] case completely envelop+ ! hive is f\nd v useful4 ,su* cov]s are made 9 v>i\s =ms1 "s to drop ov] ! hive 9 deta*$ portions1 "s 9 a s+le piece1 & o!rs h+$2 "s1 z we saw 9 ! la/ *apt] 7 xii41 xiii41 xiv471 con/itute a "p ( ! hive itself4 ,ample room mu/ be all[$ = op5+ ^!1 bo? at ! side & beh9d1 rememb]+ t f ! latt] position all op]ations mu/ be conduct$4 ,! cov] & /& w require pa9t+1 or else /a9+ & v>ni%+1 :i* looks p]haps bett]2 ! hive itself1 if n expos$ to ! wea!r1 w n ne$ ?is4 ,:5 remov+ or replac+ ! cov]s1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to enrage ! bees4 ,cov]s =m$ ) op5+ %utt]s w obviate ! necessity ( frequ5t removal4 ,! accompany+ figure %[s a simple =m ( cov] = dropp+ ov] a hive4 ,its wid? is tw5ty-six in*es1 dep? tw5ty-two1 & height 9 middle n9ete54 ,illu/ration ,cottag]s (t5 use /raight /iff ?at*+ /raw1 sew$ toge!r2 ?is contrivance is t]m$ a hackle1 & has a pretty appe>ance1 p>ticul>ly if a numb] ( hives are 9 a r[4 ,c>e has h[ev] to be ex]cis$ t mice d n make ! cov] a re/+-place4 ,mort> is (t5 us$ = fa/5+ r\nd ! hive at ! bottom1 b ?is is a bad plan1 z x =ms a h>b\r = insects2 ! wood5 hoop fits s close z to leave little necessity = any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! wood5 cov] j describ$ is m especially con/ruct$ = our frame hive 7page #adb71 b x may be us$ = any hive t x w fit ov]4 ,illu/ration ,our next cut repres5ts ! ,woodbury cov]1 :i* is =m$ 9 ?ree portions 7! ro(1 ! sup]-cov]1 & ! /ock-hive cov]74 ,x has an upp] & a l[] door1 or r %utt]1 beh9d4 ,! :ole c be plac$ on a p$e/al z "h %[n4 ,z ?is cov] requires to be lift$ (f 9 pieces1 & is liable to be bl[n ov] by ! w9d1 x is n s conv5i5t z ^? figur$ bel[1 :i* op5 on h+es & are self-support+4 ,we next give two repres5tations ( "o ( our m elaborate cov]s1 %[+ x respectively f beh9d z op5$ & 9 front z clos$4 ,! =m] exhibits ! cov] ) "o ( our new frame hives 7,*ap4 ,,iii4 x47 )9 x1 & two divisional sup]s ^u ! hive1 ! ro( be+ =m$ suffici5tly high to accommodate ^!4 ,! cov] is ?us made to op5 ne> its v]tical c5tre1 & is held back by a *a94 ,! flap beh9d falls d[n on op5+ ! top to all[ ( inspect+ ! /ock hive )\t draw+ x out ( ! cov]4 ,9 ! front !re is a portico = protection to ! entrance1 & wood slides "w 9 grooves to n>r[ ! op5+ 9 w9t] or o!r bad wea!r4 ,! total height ( ! cov] & /& is =ty-five in*es1 ! wid? tw5ty-two1 & ! dep? tw5ty-six4 ,! outside ( ! :ole is gra9$ & v>ni%$4 ,9 ! figure foll[+ x w be obs]v$ t ! h+es are plac$ 9 ! front2 :ile und]nea? ^! ! portico1 slides1 & alight+-bo>d are cle>ly %[n1 z well z ! slop+ ro(--9 %ort1 ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! :ole /ructure z x actually /&s 9 ! api>y4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! next pair ( views repres5t ano!r v useful cov]1 b x has ! objection ( be+ bulky & m co/ly4 ,! op5 figure exhibits1 )9 ! cov]1 our new glass frame hive & sup] 7page #adb74 ,! h+es are =m$ ) movable p9s to enable ! cov] to be totally remov$ f ! /&4 ,an op5+ f ! outside communicates ) ! sup]1 s t ! bees c f9d exit )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! /ock hive4 ,! flight-hole c be n>r[$ z 9 ! previ\s in/ance4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! annex$ cut %[s a new cov] ( simple & inexp5sive con/ruction4 ,9 x any ( our frame hives c be plac$4 ,! /ock hive "h exhibit$ is ! "o ref]r$ to on page #ada1 z ,! ,cottag]'s ,improv$ ,frame ,hive4 ,! advantage 9 hav+ ! /ock hive indep5d5t ( ! cov] & /&1 & on its own floor-bo>d1 is t ! hive is m easily /ock$ & m manageable 9 o!r respects ?an ^? t h hive1 /&1 & cov] all 9 "o1 z is ! case ) ! ,philadelphia1 ,*e%ire's1 & ,abbott's hives4 ,! draw+ %[s ! outw>d con/ruction s well t little fur!r explanation is ne$ful4 ,,iv4 ,,quilts4 ,"s ,am]ican api>ians recomm5d ! use ( a quilt 9 place ( a cr[n bo>d1 z admitt+ ( v5tilation to ! hive & ?us all[+ ! moi/ure to pass (f4 ,quilts are made ( "s s(t wooll5 mat]ial or a piece ( c>pet4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t ! maggots ( o!r insects d n f9d a home und]nea?1 or a hotb$ w by t means be provid$ = bees' wor/ enemies4 ,v4 ,,bell ,,glasses4 ,9 describ+ ! /ock hives ( wood1 /raw1 & glass1 allusion has frequ5tly be5 made to ! depriv+ hives te*nically call$ sup]s4 ,! simple/ =m ( ^! consi/s ( ! /raw caps1 repres5t$ at pages #ajh-aaj1 & next to ^! w come ^? to :i* ! above head+ applies4 ,( ! /rict] bell-=m1 r\nd$ at ! top1 we h ?ree sizes3-- ,illu/ration ,to conta9 #ajlb41 #aj in*es high1 #g in*es wide4 ,to conta9 #flb41 #g in*es high1 #e in*es wide4 ,to conta9 #clb41 #e in*es high1 #d in*es wide4 ,^! bell glasses are us$ 9 ! hives be=e describ$4 ,! l>ge/ is = ,nutt's hive2 ! middle-siz$ is = our improv$ cottage hive2 ! smalle/ glass is s v small t x is n (t5 us$1 & we d n recomm5d x4 ,bees w g5]ally fill a middle-siz$ glass q z soon z "o s small z ?is4 ,illu/ration ,! next figures exhibit :at are kn[n z ,taylor's ,glasses4 ,!y 7 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,taylor1 & are recomm5d$ z pref]able to deep n>r[ glasses4 ,! draw+s w %[ t !y are /raight at ! sides1 flat at ! top inside1 ) a knob above to take hold by1 ?r\gh :i* is a half-in* op5+ to admit a v5tilat+ tube4 ,! l>g]1 to conta9 p]haps tw5ty p\nds1 is six in*es deep & ?irte5 in*es wide2 ! small]1 five in*es deep & n9e & a half in*es wide4 ,illu/ration ,! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,payne1 ( ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 au?or ( ! ,bee-keep]'s ,guide1 introduc$ ano!r glass1 call$ ,payne's ,glass accord+ly4 ,x has a ?ree-in* hole 9 ! c5tre1 ! purpose ( :i* is to tempt bees to produce additional & l>g] /ores ( honey4 ,x is to be us$ z foll[s3 ,:5 a bell glass 7:i* mu/ be small] 9 diamet] ?an ,payne's7 is half or q fill$1 raise x1 & place ,payne's glass ov] ! hole ( ! /ock hive1 ) ! fill$ glass on x1 ov] ! ?ree-in* hole4 ,! bees w br+ _! combs ?r\gh1 & ?us ,mr4 ,payne f\nd t !y w\ld /ore m honey ?an if ! bell glass 7 remov$ & ano!r empty "o put 9 its place4 ,illu/ration ,! ,flat-topp$ ,glass is a sup] to be plac$ on ! hive 9 a simil> way to ! bell glasses already allud$ to4 ,x has ! advantages ( be+ /raight at ! sides1 flat at top1 & )\t a knob2 s t :5 fill$ x may be br\ght on to ! breakfa/ table1 inv]t$1 on a plate4 ,! glass lid %[n 9 ! figure =ms a cov]1 & fits ov] outside s z n to int]f]e ) ! combs )94 ,!re is a v5tilat+ tube z above4 ,dim5sions1 six & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 & five 9 height4 ,,vi4 ,,b> ,,sup]s4 ,illu/ration ,to ^! we h already made consid]able allusion "u ! v>i\s hives to :i* !y are appli$4 ,!y are (t5 made ( glass1 b _m are ( wood or ev5 /raw4 ,x is desirable t ! combs 9 sup]s %\ld be made ?ick] ?an ^? = bre$+--! bees w 9 fact deep5 _! honey cells to almo/ any ext5t--& !re=e ! b>s are plac$ some:at1 fur!r ap>t ?an 9 /ock hives1 ?us all[+ ( "o or two b>s less4 ,by gradually wid5+ ! spaces betwe5 ! combs ^! c be br\ght up1 ,von ,b]leps* tells u1 to f\r in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,) ! %all[] =m ( all ! old] sup]s ! b>s are )\t frames4 ,! cut exhibits ! ,woodbury ,sup]1 :i* is ( glass ?irte5 in*es squ>e & six deep1 ) eight b>s to ! t5 ( ! hive4 ,^! c be ei!r ! ,woodbury ribb$ b>s1 or flat ones ) guide-comb atta*$4 ,lee's sup]s are simil>1 b !y conta9 sev5 b>s ) f\r ,/ew>ton slides = giv+ admission f "o to ! o!r :5 m ?an "o sup] is us$4 ,! next figure %[s our ,frame ,sup]1 already suffici5tly describ$ on page #ada4 ,x c be _h z bel[1 9 glass ) wood5 framework1 or 9 /raw ) ?ree w9d[s1 z %[n ) ! hive on page #adb4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,next 9 ord] we give our ,divisional ,sup]1 to :i* a prize 0 aw>d$ at ! ,cry/al ,palace ,bee ,%[ 9 #ahge4 ,x is compos$ ( sev5 divisions or frames1 :i* are kept toge!r by lat]al /rips ( wood4 ,ea* division is int5d$ to h "o comb work$ 9 x1 r5d]+ ! cont5ts ( ! sup] divisible )\t cutt+ ! combs4 ,z %[n 9 ! figure on page #age1 ?is sup] is n[ made ) :ole-glass ends4 ,f ! same figure x w be obs]v$ t ^! sup]s are adapt$ = plac+ "o above ! o!r1 passages be+ cut out ( ! top b> ( ! l[] ( ! pair4 ,slits are cut = ! ins]tion ( /rips ( wax %eets4 ,bo? 9 ?is sup] & ! next x is desirable to provide aga9/ ! admission ( cold ?r\gh ! num]\s int]/ices by keep+ a w>m wooll5 cov]+ on ! top & pa/+ pap] ov] ! divisions1 :i* c easily be cut ?r\gh :5 ! sup] is fill$4 ,illu/ration ,neighb\rs' ,sectional ,sup] is ! la/ ( our s]ies4 ,! att5tion ( api>ians has be5 s mu* turn$ ( late ye>s t[>ds a *eap & compact receptacle = honeycombs int5d$ = deprivation1 t we h introduc$ ?is la/ inv5tion1 :i* is v mu* on ! same plan z ! prec$+1 b ! longitud9al divisions are aga9 divid$ across1 =m+ boxes1 z %[n 9 ! figure4 ,ea* section is ab\t two in*es wide1 sev5 long1 & f\r & a half to five deep2 x w conta9 ab\t two p\nds ( honey 9 ! comb4 ,?is is a conv5i5t quantity = plac+ on ! table or = purposes ( pres5tation4 ,! f\rte5 sections occupy ! same space z ! sev5 divisions ( ! prec$+4 ,any numb] c h[ev] be us$ accord+ to ! size ( ! hive3 ! ,philadelphia hive1 = in/ance1 has space = eighte54 ,aga91 any s+le section c be remov$ :5 full1 & ano!r sub/itut$4 ,ea* section has a saw-cut 9 ! cr[n = ! ins]tion ( wax /rips4 ,! que5-prev5t+ z9c adapt] c also be us$4 ,obs]ve ! caution giv5 9 ! second p>agraph ( ! description ( ! divisional sup]1 j above4 ,,vii4 ,,ekes ,,& ,,nadirs4 ,we allude to ^! = ! sake ( expla9+ ! t]ms1 & z !y are adjuncts sometimes recomm5d$ = tempor>y enl>gem5t4 ,!y are fur!r contrivances = ! prev5tion ( sw>m+1 b !y diff] f sup]s 9 be+ add$ bel[ in/ead ( above ! /ock hive4 ,briefly1 an eke is a half-hive s add$1 & a nadir an entire "o4 ,an example ( an eke is sometimes met ) :5 a common skep is cut horizontally 9 half1 & ! l[] portion plac$ b5ea? an entire skep hive4 ,= an in/ance ( a nadir we h only to ref] to ! ,/ew>ton hive4 ,ekes & nadirs give increas$ room to ! bees1 b !y ( c\rse d n answ] ! purpose ( sup]s 9 provid+ honey free f ! admixture ( brood4 ,,viii4 ,,impress$ ,,wax ,,%eets4 ,^! artificial p>tition walls = combs are %eets ( g5u9e wax1 ab\t ! sub/ance ( ?9 c>dbo>d4 ,!y receive rhomboidal impressions by be+ press$ betwe5 two metal plates1 c>efully & ma!matically prep>$ & ca/ s t ! impressions are exactly ! same size z ! base ( ! cells ( a honeycomb4 ,an inspection ( a piece ( comb w %[ t ! division ( ! opposite cells is made by a ?9 p>tition-wall1 common to bo?4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is is said to be only ! "o hundr$ & eightie? "p ( an in*1 :il/ ! artificial ones we are recomm5d+ are betwe5 ! ?irtie? & =tie? "p ( an in*1 or m ?an f\r times ! ?ickness ( ! h&iwork ( ! bees !mselves4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be va9 to attempt to furni% !m ) %eets ( wax at all approa*+ _! own delicate fabric1 & our %eets are q z ?9 z !y c be to be> ! h&l+ requisite = fix+ !m 9 ! hives4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t ! ?ickness is no disadvantage2 ! bees spe$ily excavate & p>e ! artificial %eet s z to suit _! own notions ( ! sub/ance requir$2 !n1 ) admirable economy1 !y use ! surplus ?us obta9$ = ! con/ruction ( ! cells4 ,aft] a %eet has be5 p>tly work$ at by ! bees1 x is int]e/+ to hold x up to ! light & obs]ve ! beautiful transp>5cy ( t "p ( x1 contra/$ ) ! opaqu5ess ( ! "p n yet lab\r$ ^u4 ,?is inv5tion r5d]s u indep5d5t ( guide-comb1 :i* is n always obta9able4 ,x comes to u f ,g]many1 :]e x has atta9$ _m ye>s ( success4 ,at ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb we pur*as$ ! metal plates or ca/+s1 s z to manufacture ! impress$ %eets ) :i* we are n[ able to supply our cu/om]s2 & aft] ! c>eful trials we h made we h great confid5ce 9 recomm5d+ !m4 ,z w be se5 bel[1 h[ev]1 we no long] advise ins]tion ( entire %eets4 ,9 ! season ( #ahfc we furni%$ a ,woodbury glass sup] ) ! wax %eets fix$ to ! b>s 9 ! way h]eaft] to be expla9$1 & x 0 truly a/oni%+ to m>k ! rapidity ) :i* ^! %eets ( wax 7 conv]t$ into comb4 ,receptacles 7 quickly made ready = ! /or+ ( honey1 & ! new combs soon became beautifully :ite2 =1 al?\gh ! artificial wax has a yell[ t+e1 yet1 aft] be+ work$ at & made ?9n]1 x is z good 9 col\r z ord9>y combs4 ,if :ole %eets are us$--or1 9 ! case ( sup]s1 half ones--p]haps ! simple/ plan = fa/5+ !m is to fix a /rip ( wood ) brads to ! "u side ( ! top frame or b>2 place ! wax %eet aga9/ ?is1 !n w$ge ano!r /rip close to x1 & ?us hold ! wax %eet firmly 9 ! c5tre ( ! frame1 tak+ c>e also to make ! second /rip ( wood fa/ ) brads4 ,?is has h[ev] ! objection t x slightly dim9i%es ! space4 ,! wax plates mu/ n ext5d to ! bottom ( ! frame2 a space ( at lea/ "o in* %\ld be left = expansion1 because ! bees1 9 work+ ! plate1 /ret* x d[n l[]4 ,we also use a few p9s firmly press$ into ! frames1 & long en\gh to rea* ! edge ( ! plate2 = by fix+ ?ree or f\r p9s on ea* side1 bo? at ! sides & at ! bottom1 ! plate may be held 9 an exactly c5tral position )9 ! frame4 ,we are n[ dispos$ to make a great modification 9 ! above directions1 &1 in/ead ( us+ entire %eets ( wax1 we cut /rips f !m ( ab\t an in* 9 wid?1 & place ^! 9 ! b>s z be=e1 :5 !y =m an edg$ projection ( half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,we h f\nd an objection to ! entire %eets 9 ! fact t !y sometimes curl & break ) ! weight ( ! bees--s eag]ly does a new sw>m apply itself to "w ^u !m--& ?us become an ob/ruction in/ead ( a help4 ,/rips ( c>dbo>d or wood %av+1 dipp$ 9 hot wax or well besme>$ !re)1 may be sub/itut$ = ! wax /rips !mselves4 ,:]e no slit is made = ! ins]tion ( ei!r1 ! %av+ runn+ d[n ! l[] edge ( ! b> may be simply rubb$ ) hot wax1 & ! same purpose w be s]v$4 ,,ix4 ,,comb ,,f\ndations4 ,?is is an ,am]ican attempt to improve on our impress$ wax %eets4 ,9 ! pr(f]$ assi/ance to ! bees !re is "h "s advance1 = n only are ! loz5ge-%ap$ plates at ! base ( ea* cell m cle>ly /amp$ & def9$1 b ! sides ( ! cells are slightly begun--s deep are ! impressions t ! f\ndations ( ! walls are actually laid4 ,be+ q a new inv5tion1 !re has n be5 mu* "t = fully te/+ x1 b we f9d f ,am]ican bee-keep]s t :5 us$-9 l>ge %eets !re is ! same difficulty z ) our impress$ wax--! bees w twi/ !m4 ,z specim5s ( "w ^! comb f\ndations are c]ta9ly v comm5dable = appe>ance4 ,! :ite ones seem too :ite to be ( pure wax1 & any sub/itute (f]$ to bees has hi!rto prov$ a failure4 ,mr4 ,baldridge1 a frequ5t correspond5t ( ! ,am]ican ,bee ,j\rnal1 speaks ( ! yell[ %eets z f> pref]able to ! pure :ite1 b "s t are made p>tly ( p>aff9 he consid]s ( little wor?4 ,possibly ! mat]ial ( :i* !y are manufactur$ may be made to suit ! delicate s5ses ( ! bees4 ,until ?is is ! case1 h9drance r ?an help 9 comb-build+ w be ! result ( plac+ !m 9 ! frames & sectional or o!r sup]s4 ,! mode ( fix+ is ! same z describ$ = impress$ wax %eets4 ,x4 ,,*e%ire',s ,,guide-,,mak]4 ,at ! ,exhibition at ! ,cry/al ,palace 9 #ahge1 ,mr4 ,*e%ire exhibit$ & obta9$ a prize = a wax guide-mak]1 :i* is an +5i\s contrivance4 ,x consi/s ( a pla/] ( ,p>is ca/1 ) impressions tak5 f ! metal plates be=e ref]r$ to 7page #ahg74 ,?is ca/ is two in*es 9 wid?1 ab\t ! same 9 ?ickness1 & elev5 or twelve in*es long4 ,x re/s 9 a %all[ z9c or t9 tr\gh conta9+ wat] to keep ! pla/] damp by capill>y attraction4 ,! pla/] ca/ may fir/ be soak$ 9 wat]2 !n place aga9/ its side ! top b> ( ! frame1 rev]s$ s t ! c5tre ( ! "u side lies ev5 ) ! edge ( ! emboss$ ca/4 ,! wax 7:i* mu/ be g5u9e7 is melt$ 9 an ord9>y glue-pot2 !n ) a clean pa9tbru% x is appli$ to ! top ( ! pla/] ca/ & expos$ "p ( ! b>4 ,! wax imm$iately h>d5s on ! damp ca/ & does n adh]e1 :il/ ! "u side ( ! b> c>ries an emboss$ guide ( suffici5t dep? to be an unfail+ means ( direction to ! sw>m 9 ! build+ ( /raight combs4 ,:5 a l>ge numb] ( frames h to be prep>$1 ?is +5i\s app>atus is a conv5i5ce2 b = ! ord9>y api>ian we %\ld advise procur+ a few ( ! impress$ wax %eets1 cutt+ !m 9 /rips1 & fix+ )\t ! mess & tr\ble :i* ,mr4 ,*e%ire's app>atus involves4 ,,xi4 ,,b>-,,frame ,,hold]4 ,illu/ration ,x is (t5 a great conv5i5ce to h a re/ at h& to lodge frames ( comb on4 ,! illu/ration %[s "o t we h contriv$1 & :i* w accommodate twelve frames ( almo/ any size4 ,! two broad re/s on ! top may be set clos] or fur!r ap>t by loos5+ ! screws :i* keep !m firm4 ,!y are easily %ift$ & secur$ aga9 by screw+ up4 ,?is /& is light 9 weight1 s t x c easily be c>ri$ ab\t z requir$4 ,! frames ( comb1 ) bees on !m j z !y are1 are tempor>ily plac$ on ! hold] :5 an inspection ( ! int]ior ( ! hive is ne$ful1 & ! combs c be return$ to ! hive 9 ! same ord]4 ,,xii4 ,,*e%ire',s ,,transf]r+ ,,bo>d4 ,?is is a contrivance :i* w be f\nd specially s]viceable 9 transf]r+ old /ocks f "o hive to ano!r 7,*ap4 ,v4 iii474 ,x consi/s ( an incl9$ re/ = ! combs1 compos$ ( la?s1 ( wood arrang$ l ! tee? ( a comb1 s z to all[ ! honey to dra9 into ! z9c receiv+-frame und]nea?2 x also admits ! ready introduction ( ! tape or :atev] is us$ = ty+ & fix+ ! combs 9 ! new frame4 ,! op]ator %\ld place ! bo>d ^u a table s t its front1 or ! upp] edges ( ! incl9$ la?s1 face him z he /&s4 ,,xiii4 ,,honey-,,cutt]s4 ,illu/ration ,honey-cutt]s are us$ = remov+ comb f boxes & glasses )\t damag+ x4 ,! flat-blad$ knife is = disconnect+ ! combs f ! sides2 ! hook-%ap$ "o is to be appli$ to ! top or horizontal "p ( ! box or glass4 ,we h rec5tly introduc$ a knife ) bo? ^! blades1 "o respectively at ea* end4 ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,honey-,,extractor4 ,! fir/ notion ( extract+ honey f ! combs by c5trifugal motion 0 ! result ( an accid5t4 ,a son ( ,major von ,hrus*ka1 a bee-keep] 9 ,g]many1 ti$ a piece ( honeycomb to a /r+1 & 9 play :irl$ x r\nd ! inside ( a pail4 ,f9d+ t ! honey 0 eject$ & ! cells ( ! comb left dry1 ! idea 0 sugge/$ to ,h]r von ,hrus*ka ( con/ruct+ a ma*9e = ! purpose1 & ?is he soon aft]w>ds did4 ,! fir/ honey-extractor 0 a wood5 vessel ) some?+ l a broom/ick work+ on a pivot 9 ! c5tre2 to ?is axle1 provision 0 made = atta*+ a framework to c>ry ! combs1 & ! c5trifugal motion 0 obta9$ by w9d+ coils ( /r+ r\nd ! upp] "p ( ! revolv+ %aft1 :i* 0 ?us put 9 motion by pull+ ! /r+ %>ply 9 ! way a boy's humm+-top is made to sp9 r\nd4 ,illu/ration ,?is answ]$ = a beg9n+2 b ) ! opportunity ( employ+ ma*9]y x 0 soon f\nd t _m improvem5ts 9 ! con/ruction might be made4 ,= in/ance1 x 0 app>5t t ! extractor %\ld be con/ruct$ ( metal1 because ! wood absorbs s mu* honey t x w soon become s\r 9 w>m wea!r1 h[ev] c>efully att5d$ to & cleans$4 ,! honey-extractor %[n "h consi/s ( a metal res]voir ) a treacle tap at its base to draw (f ! liquid honey4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is res]voir is a ca/-iron sp9dle1 ) arms or projections to receive two metal wire cases1 "o on ea* side2 9 ^! cases ! combs are plac$1 :e!r 9 frames or n4 ,motion is giv5 by turn+ ! h&le1 :i* ) ! aid ( a cog-:eel causes ! sp9dle to revolve at great spe$4 ,! ma*9e is mo/ly us$ = frames ( combs tak5 f /ock hives :il/ ! honey-ga!r+ is at its height4 ,:5 ! frame is remov$ f ! hive :il/ at full "w1 ! bees h to be %ak5 or bru%$ (f ) a fea!r1 & ^? cells t are seal$ h to be uncapp$ by %av+ ! wax5 lids (f ) knives1 ( :i* !re %\ld be two1 "o to be kept imm]s$ 9 a vessel ( hot wat]1 :il/ ! o!r is us$ until x becomes cold1 & s alt]nately until ! requir$ "w is accompli%$4 ,! knife be+ w>m v mu* aids 9 slic+ ?r\gh ! wax z ne> ! top z possible1 & prev5ts te>+ ! t5d] comb4 ,?is mu/ be done c>efully s z to di/urb ! =m ( ! cells z little z possible1 & n to t\* ! brood cells1 f :i* honey cells are easily di/+ui%$4 ,! frame is plac$ 9 "o ( ! wire cases1 & a second may be treat$ 9 ! same mann] & dropp$ into ! extractor4 ,a few turns ( ! h&le eject ! honey by c5trifugal =ce1 & a little practice w in=m ! op]ator ( ! requisite degree ( spe$1 ?\gh "s honey is m t5aci\s & takes a few m turns ?an o!r4 ,:5 on exam9ation x is f\nd t ! honey is gone out ( "o side1 ! cases w !n h to be rev]s$1 & a few m turns w cle> ! cells on ! o!r side4 ,! frames %\ld n[ be return$ to ! hive = ! bees to refill1 & two o!r frames ( comb may take _! places 9 ! extractor1 & s on until all ! combs 9 t hive suitable = extraction h be5 op]at$ ^u accord+ to ! wi% & judgm5t ( ! manipulator4 ,prior to comm5c+ ?is op]ation1 a little smoke %\ld be bl[n into ! hive & an exam9ation made le/ ! que5 %\ld be too summ>ily %ak5 (f ! comb2 %e mu/ be quietly transf]r$ to ano!r if ! "o %e may be on is requir$ to be plac$ 9 ! extractor4 ,dur+ ! ga!r+ season x is a/oni%+ h[ quickly ^! empti$ cells w be refill$ ) honey1 & n unfrequ5tly ! que5 f9ds 9 "s ( ^! unoccupi$ receptacles timely provision = h] o!rwise contract$ accommodation = deposit+ eggs2 ?us bre$+ goes =w>d at an a/oni%+ rate4 ,mu* is writt5 ab\t ! value ( comb1 & by ?is contrivance ! lab\r ( ! bees 9 build+ x is sav$4 ,!re is no d\bt b t ?is in/rum5t is ( great s]vice to ! bee-keep] :5 judici\sly appli$1#bc & s9ce ! introduction ( ! movable combs x has =m$ an important adjunct !reto4 ,= no inv5tion has ! api>ian cause to be m deeply indebt$ ?an = ! ,mel ,extractor ( ,g]many1 improv$ ^u z x has be5 bo? 9 ,am]ica & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,ev5 if !re 7 less sale = extract$ honey1 ! extractor w\ld be f\nd at c]ta9 times ( great value to e bee-keep]4 ,9 ! aw>d at ! ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 special notice ( comm5dation is record$ ( our honey-extractor4 ,footnote #bc3 ,?is1 ma*9e is n ( mu* s]vice = extract+ honey f combs made 9 sup]s1 ! cells ( :i* are mo/ly too s(t to be> op]at+ ^u4 ,,xv4 ,,*e%ire',s ,,nucleus ,,hive4 ,! object ( nucleus hives is expla9$ bel[ 9 ! section on ,que5 ,re>+ 7,*ap4 ,v4 vii471 & !y r5d] s]vices 9 ! process ( artificial sw>m+1 9 ma9ta9+ a supply ( "y mo!rs1 or 9 ,italianis+ an api>y4 ,mr4 ,*e%ire's contrivance is z foll[s2 ,c]ta9 frames 9 a regul> hive are made to consi/ ( two half-frames1 ea* complete1 b jo9$ toge!r 9 ! top b> by a tongue 9 ! "o portion :i* fits firmly into an op5+ 9 ! o!r1 ?us =m+ an ord9>y frame except = ! division d[n ! middle4 ,:5 a royal cell has be5 =m$ ^u "o ( ^! comp\nd frames1 su* frame is tak5 out ( ! hive1 & ! tw9 portions are !n plac$ side by side 9 ! nucleus1 :i* measures only ?ree & ?ree-qu>t] in*es wide inside1 n9e in*es deep1 & sev5 & a half f front to back4 ,its sides are con/ruct$ d\ble 9 ! same way z ^? ( ! ,*e%ire frame hive 7page #ade74 ,9 ! nucleus hive x is necess>y = ! frames to be well cov]$ up4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! que5 0 n ^u ei!r ( ! nucleus frames1 b ! o!r bees may be reta9$ ^u x4 ,! old] ones1 h[ev]1 w be sure to return to ! /ock hive1 & _! place mu/ be suppli$ by %ak+ "y ones (f o!r frames on to a bo>d 9 front ( ! nucleus4 ,! royal cells may be obta9$ f any s\rce1 & artificially transf]r$ to ! divid$ frames1 aft] :i* ! frames mu/ be plac$ 9 a /ock hive = tw5ty-f\r h\rs = ! bees to fix & repair ! cells4 ,or1 if m conv5i5t1 ?ree or f\r su* frames may be plac$ 9 ! middle ( a hive1 & all /ock$ ) eggs2 ! que5 may be remov$ = a few h\rs1 at ! end ( :i* a l>g] or small] numb] ( royal cells w be f\nd to h be5 =m$1 & ^! 9 ! middle frames1 :i* %\ld be ! ones desir$4 ,! transf]r+ process may /ill be ne$ful1 unless only "o or two que5s are wi%$ =4 ,! royal cells %\ld be plac$ inside :5 ! two p>ts ( ! frame are put toge!r 9 ! nucleus2 !re mu/ h[ev] be only "o su* cell on ea* ( ^!1 z ! fir/ que5 t is hat*$ w be c]ta9 to de/roy ! cells ( ! re/4 ,fur!r m5tion ( ! subject ( nucleus hives w be f\nd "u ,que5-,re>+4 ,!y %\ld be con/ruct$ ) n>r[ entrances s z to less5 ! facilities to robb] bees4 ,,xvi4 ,,que5-,,cages4 ,^! are small receptacles made ( close wire or p]=at$ z9c1 j l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! que5 ) a few ( h] ackn[l$g$ subjects1 & _! use is on ! occasion ( h] introduction to a new hive4 ,! new que5 is by ?is means protect$ f ! primal ho/ility ( ! bees1 b at ! same "t s mu* communication is p]mitt$ z suffices to famili>ise !m gradually ) h] pres5ce4 ,x is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! bee nature t1 h[ev] di/ress$ !y may be at ! loss ( _! old que51 & h[ev] eag]ly at "w to produce a successor1 !y w n usually receive su* at once f an artificial s\rce4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 supply h] ) food ev5 :5 long+ to transfix h] ) _! /+s4 ,we h two k9ds ( cage = ?is purpose4 ,"o ( !m is a wire dome to be plac$ ov] ! que51 :5 ) a c>d c>efully slipp$ und]nea? %e c be kept secure until ! hive is prep>$ to receive h] fav\rably4 ,x is ne>ly ! same z ,kle9e's cage = protect+ royal cells1 z describ$ "u ,que5-,re>+ 7,*ap4 ,v4 vii474 ,ano!r cage1 devis$ & /rongly recomm5d$ by ,a ,r5frew%ire ,bee-keep]1 is flat 9 =m & neatly made ( wire net2 x is two in*es deep1 "o & a qu>t] wide1 & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick2 ! top is ( ! same mat]ial1 & projects "o-eigh? ( an in* all r\nd z a flange to prev5t slipp+ too f> betwe5 ! combs4 ,! door consi/s ( /rong] wires rea*+ across ! bottom ( ! cage2 ^! are fix$ at "o end1 & h two m wires fa/5$ to !m at ! o!r1 :i* wires pass up at ! corn]s & are br\ght out at ! top1 :]e a pu% ) ! ?umb w cause ! bottom to project op54 ,into ?is cage we consid] !re is m difficulty 9 introduc+ ! que5 ?an into ! o!r1 z %e has to be tak5 hold ( ) ! ?umb & f+] & pass$ )9 ! n>r[ op5+2 & ?\gh "s ( ! cages are made ) an entry-valve at ! top1 ! risk ( injur+ ! que5 rema9s1 9 our op9ion1 great] ?an ) ! dom$ cage4 ,! mode ( proc$ure ) ea* ( ^! w be f\nd describ$ "u ,introduc+ ,new ,que5s 7,*ap4 ,v4 viii474 ,,xvii4 ,,que5 ,,& ,,drone ,,prev5t]4 ,illu/ration ,mu* disappo9tm5t is (t5 felt1 :5 remov+ a sup] t appe>s well fill$ ) honey1 at f9d+ t brood1 & n honey1 is 9 _m ( ! cells4 ,9 su* a case ! sup] %\ld be replac$ on ! hive until su* "t z ! brood has hat*$ out4 ,! comb w be f\nd to be discol\r$1 b !re is no help = t4 ,! fact ( !re be+ ev5 a few cells s occupi$ is a great det]ioration4 ,?is little contrivance1 h[ev]1 excludes bo? ! que5 & ! drones1 ! wires or /rips ( z9c be+ fix$ too close toge!r to admit ( _! passage1 ?\gh wide en\gh = ! work] bees4 ,x is adapt$ = any hole t x w cov]1 b m especially = ! op5+s 9 ! tops ( /raw hives communicat+ ) ! sup]s4 ,"s ( our bett]-class hives are fitt$ ) slides pi]c$ 9 l mann]1 or else ) %eets ( p]=at$ z9c to ensure ! same end4 ,! que5-prev5t] also s]ves a useful purpose 9 prev5t+ poll5 be+ c>ri$ into ! sup]s1 z ! edges ( ! wires or b>s act z scrap]s ^u ! legs ( ! bees4 ,,xviii4 ,,bee-,,traps4 ,! object ( ^! is to cle> sup]s ( bees previ\s to tak+ ! honey4 ,!re are sev]al ( !m 9 use1 b ! pr9ciple ( mo/ is ! same4 ,clutton's bee-trap resembles "o ( ! common r\nd-hol$ m\se-traps1 b ! bees h to pass out in/ead ( 94 ,ov] ! little circul> hole a p9 is hung p]p5dicul>ly1 & p]mitt$ by wire /aples to op5 f> en\gh to all[ ! escape ( ! bee1 aft] :i* x falls back & d5ies readmission4 ,! sup] hav+ be5 remov$ f ! hive & inv]t$1 ! trap may be fitt$ into "o ( ! sides ( a box1 :i*1 )\t its lid1 is !n inv]t$ ^u ! sup]1 e op5+ be+ clos$ :i* c\ld admit a bee f outside4 ,! sup] is !n d>k5$1 :5 ! bees )9 w make = ! light ?r\gh ! trap4 ,mr4 ,*e%ire & ,mr4 ,a/on h also inv5t$ traps4 ,mr4 ,a/on's has talc falls 9 place ( p9s4 ,,xix4 ,,drone-,,traps4 ,if ! increase ( drones gr[s into an intol]able nuisance a trap may be appli$ = _! p>tial ext]m9ation4 ,a/on's drone-trap is an +5i\s contrivance1 ?\gh we recomm5d its use only "u limitations4 ,x consi/s ( a box to affix to ! hive entrance1 ) an op5+ f ! inside1 b no means ( exit except ?r\gh p]=ations :i* admit only ! work]s2 ! bees are attract$ into x by ! light1 :ile _! prop] flight-hole is d>k5$ by a ridge ov] :i* !y c j make _! way into ! hive4 ,! drones are ?us left 9 ! box to p]i%4 ,! objections :i* we h to ! trap are--fir/1 t ! surm\nt+ ( ! ridge mu/ surely prove an imp$im5t to ! "w ( ! bees2 secondly1 t ! ridge ob/ructs v5tilation2 & ?irdly1 t %\ld ! que5 /ray into ! trap1 %e w1 unless promptly discov]$1 soon %>e ! same fate ) ! drones4 ,b if ! trap be appli$ only = an h\r or s at ! "p ( ! day :5 ! drones are leav+ ! hive 9 ! greate/ numb]s1 x may !n p]haps suffici5tly effect its purpose & be free f any s]i\s drawback4 ,,xx4 ,,bee-,,fe$]s4 ,x has long be5 ackn[l$g$ t ! be/ mode ( fe$+ bees is ?r\gh an op5+ at ! top ( ! /ock hive1 z bees c ?us take ! food )\t com+ abroad4 ,ano!r important feature is ! cleanl9ess ) :i* lib]al fe$+ c be accompli%$2 & few op]ations require m c>e ?an ?is does4 ,if liquid sweet is left hang+ ab\t ! hive x tempts robb] bees1 & :5 once ! bees ( an api>y h _h a ta/e1 !re is no kn[+ :]e _! depr$ations w /op4 ,ev5 if no hives be completely de/roy$1 weakness f loss ( numb]s w be ! portion ( mo/1 if n ( all1 ! hives 9 ! g>d54 ,! morals ( our fav\rites are "h a good deal at fault1 = ! /rong] hives1 :5 _! inord9ate passion is ?us /irr$ up by ! c>elessness or want ( k ( ! bee-keep]1 attack & prey ^u ! weak] ones4 ,to be =ew>n$ is to be =e>m$--& prev5tion is bett] ?an cure4 ,illu/ration ,! ,bottle ,fe$]1 z %[n 9 ! annex$ figure1 consi/s ( a r\nd or flat bottle plac$ 9 an inv]t$ position ov] ! fe$-hole ( ! /ock hive1 & re/+ 9 a circul> block1 bel[ :i* is a piece ( p]=at$ z9c4 ,! foll[+ directions w %[ h[ x is to be employ$3 ,fill ! bottle ) liquid food2 apply ! net1 affix$ by an india-rubb] b&1 ov] ! m\?2 place ! block ov] ! hole ( ! /ock hive1 & inv]t ! bottle1 ! neck re/+ )9 ! hole 9 ! block3 ! bees w put _! tongues ?r\gh ! p]=ations1 & imbibe ! food1 ?us caus+ ! bottle to act on ! pr9ciple ( a f\nta94 ,! bottle be+ glass1 x is easy to see :5 ! food is consum$4 ,! piece ( p]=at$ z9c is = ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! bees f cl++ to ! net1 or escap+ f ! hive :5 ! bottle is tak5 away = ! purpose ( refill+4 ,specially prep>$ pieces ( vulcanite plate1 pi]c$ ) holes 9 su* mann] z to give complete regulation to ! supply ( food1 are mu* recomm5d$ by "s api>ians4 ,no net is !n requir$1 b z ! plate is to be a fixture on ! cr[n-bo>d1 ! bottle %\ld be inv]t$ ov] a small %ovel or "s ?9 metal plate1 :i* may !n be )drawn1 leav+ x /&+ ^u ! vulcanite4 ,occasional exam9ation ( ! plate is h[ev] requisite1 z ! bees w sometimes /op up ! holes ) _! propolis4 ,we /rongly recomm5d closely cov]+ up ?is fe$] ) "o ( ! middle-siz$ bell glasses1 %\ld ! regul> hive cov] n be suffici5tly tight4 ,:5 bees are n kept 9 a bee-h\se ?is is p>ticul>ly ne$ful4 ,illu/ration ,! ,c ,fe$] is our next =m ( an app>atus = ?is purpose4 ,mu* has be5 said ab\t /imulat+ fe$+--t is1 adm9i/]+ food 9 su* a way t !re %all always be liquid sweets )9 ! rea* ( ! bees1 & t !y %all cont9u\sly be able to imbibe a little4 ,9 ord] to meet ?is requirem5t we h con/ruct$ a new fe$]1 :i* consi/s ( a t9 bottle or c1 six in*es wide by six high1 ) five small holes at ! bottom1 & clos$ by a slid+ valve & a screw top4 ,! c is fill$ f ! top1 ) ! valve clos$1 & :5 ! screw top is made firm ?is valve is drawn back by mov+ ! p9 9 front4 ,! c is plac$ ov] ! fe$+-hole at ! top ( ! /ock hive1 & ! bees h access to x by small holes4 ,?is c is on ! pr9ciple ( a f\nta93 ! screw top r5d]+ x air-tight1 ! liquid only escapes z drawn d[n by ! probosces ( ! bees4 ,a glass side is let 9 to %[ :5 ! fe$] is empty4 ,x ne$ n be remov$ = refill+4 ,! capacity ( ! vessel is ov] a qu>t4 ,its diff]5ce 9 =m f ! above r5d]s x less liable to attack f robb] bees4 ,illu/ration ,our ,r\nd ,fe$] is made ( z9c or e>!nw>e1 eight in*es across & ?ree deep4 ,! projection outside is a receptacle = p\r+ 9 ! food4 ,! bees ga9 access to ! fe$] ?r\gh a r\nd hole1 :i* is plac$ ei!r at ! c5tre or ne>] "o side1 :i*ev] may be/ suit ! op5+s on ! top ( ! /ock hive2 x is 9 fact a tube :i* fits ov] ! fe$-hole 9 ! cr[n-bo>d1 ?us all[+ ! bees to rise ?r\gh x above ! surface ( ! liquid4 ,a circul> piece ( glass1 cut s z to fit into a groove1 cov]s ! fe$] all ov] & prev5ts ! bees escap+1 :il/ x reta9s ! w>m? )9 ! hive1 & af=ds opportunity = inspect+ ! bees :5 fe$+4 ,! fe$]s 7 orig9ally made only ( z9c2 b "s bee-keep]s advis$ ! use ( e>!nw>e1 & a few h be5 ?us made to meet ! wi%es ( ^? :o give ! pref]5ce to t mat]ial4 ,:5 ! bees are f$ f above 9 ?is mann]1 ! fe$] is kept at a w>m temp]ature by ! heat ( ! hive4 ,9 common hives cottag]s fe$ ! bees by pu%+ "u ! hive ?9 slips ( wood scoop$ out1 into :i* ! food is p\r$4 ,?is plan ( fe$+ c only be _h rec\rse to at night1 & ! pieces ( wood mu/ be remov$ 9 ! morn+4 ,by fe$+ at ! top ( ! /ock hive any int]ruption ( ! bees is avoid$4 ,= fur!r in/ructions on ?is head1 see ! directions giv5 = us+ ! bottle fe$]4 ,r\nd fe$]s are ( c\rse entirely safe f robb] attacks1 be+ protect$ by ! regul> hive cov]4 ,illu/ration ,a v>iation ^u ?is is ,! ,new ,r\nd ,fe$]1 :i* obta9$ a prize at ! #ahge ,cry/al ,palace ,bee ,%[4 ,x is made ( wood1 & holds m ?an two p\nds ( liquid food1 :i* mu/ be p\r$ into ! out] tr\gh4 ,! bees asc5d ?r\gh ! c5tre z 9 ! la/ case1 & pass+ ov] ! inn]mo/ ridge1 :i* is r\nd$1 !y rea* ! inn] tr\gh1 at :i* !y imbibe ! food )\t risk ( dr[n+1 z ! sides are too contract$4 ,a piece ( w9d[ glass cov]s ! top4 ,! fe$] is ne>ly t5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,xxi4 ,,fumigators4 ,illu/ration ,! ,box ,fumigator is a t9 case1 some:at l a pepp]-box ^u a foot4 ,x is a simple adaptation ( ! fumigat+ app>atus describ$ by ,mr4 ,nutt1 & is us$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,h a /raw hive or o!r vessel ready t w mat* 9 circumf]5ce ! hive int5d$ to be fumigat$4 ,if ! empty hive h a conical top x w n rema9 cr[n d[nw>ds )\t a re/2 9 ?is case x w be conv5i5t to inv]t x on a pail4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ t ! hive to be op]at$ ^u & ! empty "o 9 its rev]s$ position ne>ly mat* 9 size1 take half a packet ( ! prep>$ fungus1 fire x well1 & place x 9 ! box or fumigator2 place ?is 9 ! c5tre ( ! empty hive1 !n br+ ! occupi$ hive directly ov]1 s z to receive ! fumes ( smoke4 ,to keep all close1 put a wet clo? r\nd ! junctures ( ! two hives4 ,aft] a m9ute or two ! bees may be he>d dropp+ heavily into ! l[] empty hive1 :]e !y lie /upefi$4 ,aft] a little :ile ! old hive may be g5tly tapp$ ^u to make !m fall m quickly4 ,on remov+ ! upp] hive ! bees f x w be f\nd ly+ quiet at ! bottom ( ! l[] "o1 :5 ! int5d$ op]ation--( unit+ diff]5t colonies1 se>*+ = ! que51 or :atev] else x may be--mu/ be promptly p]=m$4 ,illu/ration ,! ,tube ,fumigator1 :i* w be f\nd to possess _m advantages ov] ! above1 is useful = sev]al purposes4 ,:5 a frame hive has to be di/urb$ x is requisite to raise ! lid & bl[ a little smoke into ! hive1 s z to *eck ! angry passions ( ! bees4 ,if x be desirable to /upefy ! bees1 ignit$ fungus mu/ be plac$ 9 ! box & ! flatt5$ end appli$ to ! entrance ( ! hive2 ! smoke is !n bl[n 91 ei!r ) bell[s or by apply+ ! m\? ( ! op]ator1 tak+ c>e to close all op5+s ?r\gh :i* x c escape4 ,! bees fall d[n /upefi$1 g5]ally 9 ab\t t5 m9utes2 b ! effect v>ies accord+ to ! popul\sness ( ! hive & ! quantity ( comb 9 x4 ,! project$ op]ation mu/ n[ be p]=m$ spe$ily1 z activity w soon be rega9$4 ,see prec$+ directions4 ,ano!r & q a diff]5t means ( subjugation has rec5tly be5 introduc$ 9 ! =m ( c>bolic acid4 ,! od\r ( ?is drug is s abom9at$ by bees t ! mo/ refractory hive w be imm$iately subdu$ by spr9kl+ a few drops ( x on ! tops ( ! frames4 ,b a feel+ ( humanity %\ld suffice to prev5t ! frequ5t resort to s h>% a measure4 ,we h 9 o!r places 7,*ap4 ,v4 ii4 & ,,vi4 viii47 made allusion to ! applications ( ! same fluid to ! op]ation ( transf]r+ sw>ms & to ! repell+ ( robb] bees4 ,,xxii4 ,,bee ,,dress ,,or ,,protector4 ,illu/ration ,all op]ations connect$ ) ! removal or ! hiv+ ( bees %\ld be conduct$ ) calmness & circumspection4 ,bees1 al?\gh ! busie/ ( creatures1 ent]ta9 a great dislike to fuss9ess 9 _! ma/]s1 & become irritable at once if ! api>ian all[s !m to see t he is 9 a hurry4 ,h5ce !re is great advantage 9 hav+ ! face & h&s cov]$ :il/ at "w among/ ! bees2 = :5 ! op]ator kn[s he _c possibly be /ung1 he c op5 8 hives1 take out ! combs1 ga!r 9 8 sw>ms1 or take ! honey1 ) all ! delib]ation ( a philosoph]4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( bee dresses h be5 contriv$2 "o t we keep ready 9 /ock is ( a v simple con/ruction4 ,x is made ( /rong black net1 :i* is manufactur$ = u specially = ?is purpose1 & 9 %ape is l an inv]t$ bag1 l>ge en\gh to all[ ( a g5tleman's wideawake or a lady's hat be+ worn und]nea?4 ,! projection ( ! hat or cap causes ! dress to /& (f f ! face1 & ! me%es ( ! net1 ?\gh mu* too small = a bee to p5etrate1 are wide en\gh to all[ ( cle> vision = ! op]ator4 ,an ela/ic b& secures ! dress r\nd ! wai/2 ! sleeves also1 made ( durable black calico1 are secur$ at ! wri/s by a simil> me?od4 ,! h&s ( ! bee-ma/] may be effectually protect$ ) a pair ( india-rubb] gloves1 :i* %\ld be put on be=e ! dress is fa/5$ r\nd ! wri/s4 ,?is k9d ( glove is regul>ly us$ by photograph]s1 & all[s ( great] ease 9 manipulation ?an any o!r description4 ,"s p]sons also tie /r+s r\nd ! ankles ( _! tr\s]s1 or use ela/ic b&s = ! same purpose4 ,^? :o we> ,well+ton boots w be able to tuck ! tr\s]s )9 !m4 ,illu/ration ,! annex$ figure repres5ts a *eap] =m ( bee veil :i* we h m rec5tly introduc$4 ,x is provid$ ) an ela/ic b& :i* fits r\nd ! hat1 ! l[] portion be+ fold$ "u ! coat4 ,!re is h[ev] no protection to ! arms4 ,x is made ( ! same specially con/ruct$ mat]ial z ! prec$+--a /rong black net1 ) l>ge me%es4 ,?us a v simple & inexp5sive means ( protection w enable ev5 a novice 9 bee-keep+ to make 8 obs]vations & conduct 8 exp]im5ts "u a s5se ( p]fect security4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 ^? :o scorn all su* artificial modes ( protection1 & hav+ inur$ !mselves to /++ take x z a ?+ ( c\rse1 only to be re/ra9$ )9 "s mann] ( limit by means ( ! p]si/5t smok+ ( cig>s or pipes 7non-smok]s su* z ,dzi]zon use a sort ( m\?-fumigator74 ,b x does n foll[ t none b ^! /oics are to be p]mitt$ to manipulate ) bees1 o!rwise ! numb] ( beg9n]s w\ld be likely to be b few4 ,& ev5 he :o is protect$ ne$ n be c>eless z to ! feel+s ( 8 bees2 8 success & _! com=t w be promot$ by 8 h&l+ !m g5tly1 & z if he lov$ !m4 ,famili>ity betwe5 bees & _! ma/] bre$s n contempt1 b affection4#bd ,see fur!r "u ,/+s 7,*ap4 ,,vi4 vi474 ,footnote #bd3 ,von ,b]leps* d5ies t bees come really to "k _! ma/] s z to be able to di/+ui% him f any "o else4 ,we reta9 ! rem>k 9 our text z true to ! ext5t t !y d become us$ to 8 manipulations4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,bee ,,manipulation4 ,i4 ,,hiv+ ,,sw>ms4 ,,! spr+ is ! be/ p]iod at :i* to comm5ce an api>y1 & sw>m+ "t is a good />t+-po9t = ! new bee-keep]4 ,! p]iod kn[n z ! sw>m+ season is dur+ ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june4 ,) a v =w>d /ock1 & 9 exce$+ly f9e wea!r1 bees d occasionally sw>m 9 ,april4 ,! e>li] ! sw>m ! great] is its value4 ,if bees sw>m 9 ,july !y seldom ga!r suffici5t to su/a9 !mselves ?r\gh ! w9t]1 ?\gh by c>eful fe$+ !y may easily be kept alive if hiv$ e>ly 9 ! mon?4 ,! cause ( a sw>m leav+ ! /ock hive is t ! population has gr[n too l>ge = x4 ,sw>m+ is a provision1 ( ,nature = rem$y+ ! inconv5i5ce ( ov]cr[d+1 & is ! me?od :]eby ! bees seek = space 9 :i* to increase _! /ores4 ,by putt+ on sup] hives ! requir$ relief may1 9 _m cases1 be giv5 to !m2 b %\ld ! multiplication ( /ocks be desir$1 ! bee-keep] w def] increas+ ! space until ! sw>m has issu$ =?4 ,9 _m c\ntry di/ricts x is a "t-hon\r$ cu/om = ! good folks ( ! village to comm5ce on su* occasions a t]rible noise ( tang+ & r++ ) fry+-pan & key4 ,?is is done ) ! absurd notion t ! bees are *>m$ ) ! clangor\s d91 & may by x be induc$ to settle z ne> z possible to ! s\rce ( su* sweet s\nds4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 q a mi/ake3 !re are o!r & bett] means = ! purpose4 ,! practice ( r++ 0 orig9ally adopt$ = a diff]5t & f> m s5sible object--viz41 = ! purpose ( giv+ notice t a sw>m _h issu$ =?1 & t ! own] 0 anxi\s to claim ! "r ( foll[+1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld alight on a neighb\r's premises4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to trace h[ ?is anci5t c]emony has ?us got corrupt$ f ! orig9al design4 ,9 case ! bees d n spe$ily aft] sw>m+ manife/ signs ( settl+1 a few h&fuls ( s& or loose m\ld may be ?r[n up into ! air s z to fall among ! w+$ ?rong2 !y mi/ake ?is = ra91 & !n v quickly det]m9e ^u settl+4 ,"s p]sons squirt a little wat] f a g>d5 eng9e ) ! same object4 ,!re are1 inde$1 _m +5i\s devices us$ by api>ians = decoy+ ! sw>ms4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? m5tions a plan ( /r++ dead bees toge!r1 & ty+ a bun* ( !m on any %rub or l[ tree ^u :i* x is desirable t !y %\ld alight2 ano!r plan is to hang "s black wov5 mat]ial ne> ! hive1 s t ! sw>m+ bees may be l$ to suppose !y see ano!r colony1 to :i* !y w ha/5 to atta* !mselves4 ,sw>ms h a great aff9ity = ea* o!r :5 !y are adrift 9 ! air2 b1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! union has be5 effect$1 "o ( ! rival que5s has to be dispos$ (4 ,a m +5i\s device ?an any ( ! above is by means ( a mirror to fla% a reflection ( ! sun's rays among/ a sw>m1 :i* bewild]s ! bees & *ecks _! flight4 ,x is manife/ly (t5 desirable to use "s ( ^! endeav\rs to induce e>ly settlem5t1 & to prev5t1 if possible1 ! bees f clu/]+ 9 high trees or "u ! eaves ( h\ses1 :]e x may be difficult to hive !m4 ,%\ld prompt measures n be tak5 to hive ! bees z soon z ! clu/] is well =m$1 !re is dang] t )9 "o or two h\rs !y may />t on a second flight2 & ?is is :at ! api>ian has s mu* to dread4 ,if ! bees set (f a second "t x is g5]ally = a long flight1 (t5 = miles1 s t 9 su* a case x is usually impossible to foll[ !m1 & consequ5tly a valuable colony may be irretrievably lo/4 ,too mu* c>e _c be ex]cis$ to keep (f ! sun f a sw>m :5 x has once settl$4 ,if expos$ to heat 9 ?is way1 bees are v likely to decamp4 ,we h frequ5tly /ret*$ matt+ or %eet+ on poles s z to int]cept ! gl>e1 & ?us r5d] _! tempor>y position cool & com=table4 ,= ! same reason ! hive us$ to take !m 9 %\ld n h be5 /&+ 9 ! sun4 ,two sw>ms sometimes dep>t at ! same "t1 & jo9 toge!r2 9 su* a case we recomm5d t !y be treat$ z "o1 by putt+ !m into a hive z be=e describ$1 tak+ c>e to give abundant room & n to delay af=d+ access to ! sup] hive or glasses4 ,!y w settle _! own notions ( sov]eignty by "o que5 be+ de/roy$4 ,!re are means ( sep>at+ two sw>ms1 b ! op]ation is a =midable "o1 & does n always repay ev5 ^? mo/ accu/om$ to su* manipulation4 ,if aft] "o sw>m has />t$ !re are signs ( ano!r sett+ out :i* might mix ) x1 means may be tak5 = secur+ ! que5 ( ! second1 or %eets may be ?r[n ov] ! hive4 ,) reg>d to prep>ations = tak+ a sw>m1 our advice to ! bee-keep] mu/ be ! rev]se ( ,mrs4 ,glass's notable injunction z to ! cook+ ( a h>e4 ,"s "t be=e y expect to take a sw>m1 be sure to h a suitable hive 9 :i* to take x1 & also e o!r requisite prop]ly ready4 ,a bee veil or dress w pres]ve ! mo/ s5sitive f ! possibility ( be+ /ung4 ,?is article is fully describ$ on page #bji4 ,b bees :5 sw>m+ are 9 an em95tly peaceful frame ( m9d2 hav+ d9$ sumptu\sly1 !y require to be /rongly provok$ be=e !y w /+4 ,yet !re may be "o or two fooli% bees :o1 hav+ neglect$ to fill _! honey-bags1 are incl9$ to v5t _! ill-hum\r on ! api>ian2 or1 :at is f> m likely1 ! bees ( neighb\r+ hives may be inc5s$ if !y see him manife/+ unusual excitem5t4 ,:5 all is ready ! new hive 7a /raw skep is ! mo/ conv5i5t 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b if t is n at h& a box or any?+ else w s]ve z a sub/itute7 is held or plac$ 9 an inv]t$ position "u ! clu/] ( bees1 :i* ! op]ator deta*es f _! p]* ) "o or two quick %akes2 ! floor-bo>d is next plac$ on ! hive1 :i* is !n sl[ly turn$ up on to its base1 & x is well to leave x a %ort "t 9 ! same place1 9 ord] to all[ ( /raggl]s jo9+ _! companions4 ,! op]ator %\ld make sure t he has n left ! que5 beh9d on ! bran*1 z 9 t case ! bees w\ld return to h]4 ,sometimes sw>ms alight on trunks ( trees or on walls1 :]e x may be difficult to %ake or bru% !m (f4 ,! late ,mr4 ,woodbury m5tion$ an in/ance ( ?is k9d4 ,a sw>m clu/]$ among ! l>ge bran*es ( a pe> tree1 j at _! po9t ( union ) ! trunk4 ,9 ?is case he m]ely support$ a /raw hive j ov] ! sw>m ) ! left h&1 :il/ he /ruck ! trunk ( ! tree ) ! op5 palm ( ! "r4 ,! vibration ?us produc$ s5t ! bees up into ! hive ) great rapidity1 & ! entire sw>m 0 spe$ily hiv$ 9 ! mo/ satisfactory mann]4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? 9 a simil> case fa/5$ a leafy bran* above ! bees ) a gimlet1 & !n smok$ !m upw>ds till clu/]$ ^u x4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t !y h always a readi] t5d5cy to asc5d ?an to desc5d4 ,a fea!r dipp$ 9 c>bolic acid w v promptly move !m1 & z !y c readily escape f its fumes !re is no objection 9 ?is case to its use4 ,ano!r case ( settl+ 9 an awkw>d spot is m5tion$ above 7page #gh74 ,if ! new sw>m is int5d$ = transportation to a di/ance1 x is z well = x to be left at ! same spot until ev5+1 provid$ ! sun is %ad$ f x2 b if ! hive is meant to /& 9 or ne> ! same g>d51 x is bett] to remove x )9 half an h\r to its p]man5t position1 because s eag] are newly sw>m$ bees = pu%+ =w>d ! "w ( furni%+ _! empty h\se t !y sally =? at once 9 se>* ( mat]ials4 ,if ! removal has be5 made aft] !y h gone =? !y w be unable to f9d _! home 9 its alt]$ position1 9 :i* case !y w circle ab\t = h\rs till !y fall & die f exhau/ion4 ,b by prompt transf]5ce1 only ! fir/ despat* ( sc\ts w be lo/1 & ^! are a good loss1 z !y might entice ! :ole colony to des]t4 ,! bee-ma/] %\ld always seek to prev5t 8 lab\r]s f sw>m+ m ?an once2 8 policy is r to enc\rage ! indu/ri\s ga!r+ ( honey1 by keep+ a suffici5t supply ( sup]s on ! hives4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 he may err 9 putt+ on ! sup]s too e>ly or unduly late1 & ! bees w !n sw>m a second "t1 in/ead ( mak+ use ( ! /or]ooms ?us provid$4 ,9 su* a case ! clev] api>ian1 hav+ spread ! sw>m on ! gr\nd1 w select ! que51 & cause ! bees to g back to ! hive f :5ce !y came4 ,b ?is op]ation requires an am\nt ( api>ian skill :i*1 ?\gh x may easily be atta9$1 is great] ?an is usually possess$4 ,= a description ( ! !ory & ph5om5a ( sw>m+1 ) ! signs by :i* its imm95ce may be ga!r$1 & a v>iety ( in=mation ref]r+ *iefly to ! habits & life ( ! insect1 ! read] is ref]r$ to an e>li] article 9 ?is "w 7,*ap4 ,i4 xi474 ,,ii4 ,,transf]r+ ,,sw>ms4 ,:]e ! p]man5t hive is ( ! skep description ! sw>m may ( c\rse be hiv$ into x at once4 ,b ) _m ( ! hives n[ 9 approv$ use a process ( transf]5ce w be necess>y4 ,to effect ?is1 place ! /raw hive1 into :i* we w suppose ! bees h be5 %ak51 on ! gr\nd1 propp$ up on "o side ) a brick or a fl[]-pot1 or any?+ ( ! sort t may be h&y1 9 ord] t /raggl] bees may jo9 ! sw>m4 ,! spot select$ = ?is %\ld be z %ady a "o z c be f\nd1 ne> to ! place :]e ! sw>m settl$2 or x may be %ad$ f ! rays ( ! sun by fix+ matt+ on two poles1 s z to prev5t ! heat fall+ on ! hive4 ,spread a %eet or clo? on ! gr\nd :]e an ev5 surface c be obta9$2 /ake ?is %eet d[n at ! f\r corn]s1 to prev5t ruts & inequalities1 :i* are great h9drances to ! bees go+ into ! hive 7,mr4 ,*e%ire's sw>m+-bo>d1 :i* is simply a l>ge squ>e bo>d to re/ on ! hive-/&1 has its advantages72 place ! frame hive ^u ! %eet1 )\t its floor-bo>d1 hav+ its front rais$ on blocks or /icks r m ?an an in* long--n m1 o!rwise ! bees w clu/]1 & atta* !mselves to ! l[] "p ( ! frames1 in/ead ( go+ up betwe54 ,^! prep>ations w p]haps occupy t5 m9utes1 by :i* "t ! sw>m w h become settl$ & tol]ably quiet4 ,!n1 ) a %>p rap1 precipitate ! bees out ( ! /raw hive on to ! %eet imm$iately 9 front ( ! frame hive2 give ! /raw hive ano!r knock1 s z to dislodge all ! bees1 & !n take x q away1 o!rwise !y may1 if x be left ne>1 p]v]sely *oose to g into t1 in/ead ( ! "o desir$4 ,9 an h\r or s1 m or less1 ! :ole sw>m w h clu/]$ )9 ! frames4 ,9 "s cases1 z :5 ! sw>m has to be br\ght f a di/ance & procur$ f a cottag] ab\t ^: skill 9 c>ry+ out ^! directions !re may be misgiv+s1 x is be/ to give in/ructions t ! sw>m be br\ght home aft] sunset1 & !n ! =ego+ directions = induc+ ! bees to t5ant ! frame hive may be bett] c>ri$ out4 ,= ourselves1 we mu* pref] ! ev5+ = ! purpose4 ,n aft] dusk h[ev]--9 fact no op]ation ( ! k9d ought to be attempt$ :5 x is s d>k t ! bees1 if !y %\ld fly1 are unable to see :]e to fly to1 = 9 t case !y w be sure to settle ^u ! op]ator4 ,a little wat] spr9kl$ ov] !m f a wat]+-pot is likely to induce !m to quit ! gr\nd & g up into ! hive m quickly2 a little smoke1 or a t\* ) a twig or fea!r1 may answ] ! same purpose1 & if ! fea!r be dipp$ 9 dilut$ c>bolic acid x w m spe$ily d its "w4 ,) a goose w+ !y may conv5i5tly be swept up4 ,! op]ator %\ld be protect$ ) ! bee dress & o!r precautions describ$ on page #bji4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? writes3 ,if !y seem at all reluctant to ent] ! new hive1 g5tly scoop up a few ( !m ) a l>ge spoon & %ake !m close to its entrance4 ,z !y g 9 ) fann+ w+s1 !y w raise a peculi> note1 :i* communicates to _! companions ! joyful news t !y h f\nd a home2 & 9 a %ort "t ! :ole sw>m w ent]1 )\t injury to a s+le bee4 ,on cat*+ ! note ! que5 spe$ily foll[s1 &1 be+ long] 9 limb1 %e out/rips ! o!rs 9 ! race4 ,9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ,mr4 ,woodbury says3 ,if combs be fix$ 9 ! frames1 ! cr[n-bo>d may be remov$ & ! clu/] knock$ out ( ! /raw hive on to ! top ( ! expos$ frames4 ,! bees w disappe> betwe5 !m ) ! utmo/ alacrity1 delight$ to h met ) a ready-furni%$ dwell+1 & ! top1 or cr[n-bo>d1 hav+ be5 replac$1 ! hive %\ld at once be remov$ to ! position x is int5d$ to p]man5tly occupy4 ,bees occasionally manife/ a dislike to _! new hive4 ,! op]ator w1 h[ev]1 9 a v %ort "t be able to asc]ta9 _! int5tions4 ,if on putt+ 8 e> to ! hive he cat*es s\nds l gnaw+ or rubb+1 he may be sure t !y h comm5c$ "w2 b if all is /ill1 or !y g li/lessly ab\t1 & hang1 z ,lang/ro? puts1 x1 ) a sort ( dogg$ or sup]cili\s air1 x may be ga!r$ t !y int5d to be (f at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,9 su* case1 ei!r cat* ! que5 & put h] 9 a cage 7page #aih71 or keep ! :ole hive 9 d>kness = ?ree days1 supply+ food1 wat]1 & v5tilation ! :ile4 ,if ! wea!r be wet ! next day or s aft] hiv+1 x w be well to give a little assi/ance to ! new colony 9 ! %ape ( food1 = al?\gh1 :5 a sw>m leaves a hive1 almo/ e bee compos+ x has fill$ itself ) honey1 we h kn[n n a few in/ances1 9 case ( v wet wea!r1 9 :i* ! :ole sw>m has be5 />v$ = ! want ( ?is small b mo/ timely help4 ,a little %\ld be giv5 ! fir/ night ev5 9 f9e wea!r4 ,( c\rse1 ! fir/ "w ( ! bees is to build !mselves combs1 & ^! combs be+ produc$ by ! secretion ( wax f honey1 a great dra9 ^u _! res\rces imm$iately beg9s1 & any little outlay at ?is juncture is !re=e abundantly comp5sat$4 ,,iii4 ,,transf]r+ ,,old ,,/ocks4 ,we frequ5tly f9d t ! possessor ( a /ock ( bees 9 a cottag]'s common /raw hive is desir\s ( remov+ ! :ole /ock1 ) brood & comb1 into "o ( our improv$ hives1 9 :i* ! honey may be obta9$ )\t ! de/ruction ( ! bees4 ,we mo/ly disc\rage su* a transf]1 att5d$ z x is ) mu* lab\r1 & requir+ a consid]able am\nt ( api>ian skill4 ,an old-fa%ion$ hive may v readily be turn$ into a humane "o1 simply by cutt+ out ! middle ( ! top ( ! hive ) a %>p-po9t$ knife2 a piece may ?us easily be tak5 out1 s z to leave a r\nd hole two or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 tak+ c>e t ! knife does n p5etrate mu* bel[ ! /raw1 le/ x rea* ! comb or ! bees4 ,!re %\ld be ready a r\nd adapt+-bo>d1 ) a correspond+ hole1 :i* may be secur$ on ! top by putt+ f\r long nails ?r\gh ! same numb] ( holes 9 ! bo>d2 !n a cap-hive or a glass may be plac$ on ! top1 = ! purpose ( admitt+ ! bees1 :o w soon cr[d !re9 to "w4 ,?is hive or glass w =m a sup] or depriv+-hive1 & c be work$ z pr(itably z mo/ ( ! improv$ hives4 ,= ! sake ( m sightly appe>ance1 an outside case1 ei!r ( z9c1 /raw1 or wood1 may n[ be dropp$ ov] all1 & !n1 if well pa9t$1 ! :ole w =m no disfigurem5t to any fl[]-g>d54 ,?is is1 beyond d\bt1 ! easie/ way ( ov]com+ ! difficulty1 b z x may n satisfy all1 we w n[ proce$ to describe h[ a complete transf] ( colonies may be effect$4 ,no hive (f]s su* facilities = ! plac+ ( ! combs 9 a p]fectly upright position z does ! frame hive4 ,z be=e rem>k$1 we %\ld be sl[ to recomm5d any "o to attempt ! op]ation :o is n already pretty well accu/om$ to ! h&l+ ( bees & acqua9t$ ) _! habits2 b by c>efully c>ry+ out ! foll[+ directions an apt bee-keep] may successfully p]=m ! feat4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to get ! bees away f ! combs3 !re are two ways ( do+ ?is--"o is by fumigation 7see page #bjg71 ! o!r by driv+ 7page #bbf74 ,:i*ev] plan may be resort$ to1 place ! bees 9 ! tempor>y hive on _! old /& until y are q ready to admit !m into ! frame hive4 ,h 9 read9ess all ! necess>y appliances4 ,^! consi/ ( a l>ge knife = cutt+ ! hive1 a good-siz$ table on :i* to lay ! brood combs1 a bas9 ( wat]--= wa%+ (f honey :i* may besme> ! h&s--tape or /r+ to fa/5 ! combs 9 _! frames1 a pair ( honey-cutt]s 7page #aic7 = cutt+ out ! combs1 j>s to hold ! honey t runs out1 & a fea!r = bru%+ (f any bees t may rema94 ,x is necess>y t ! op]ator %\ld h on 8 bee dress & india-rubb] gloves4 ,if ! old skep is n valu$ ! op]ation w be facilitat$ by cutt+ x 9 half v]tically betwe5 ! two middle combs2 b ! honey-cutt]s w accompli% ! object )\t ?is de/ruction if x is n desir$4 ,mr4 ,*e%ire's transf]r+ bo>d 7page #aib7 comes 9 useful "h4 ,if "o is possess$ ! frames may be laid ^u x1 & ! combs1 :i* %\ld be cut z l>ge z possible1 mu/ !n be plac$ )9 ^!4 ,( c\rse !y w n exactly fit1 b !y mu/ be adju/$1 piece by piece1 till !y b9d ea* o!r toge!r2 ! few int]/ices ! bees w soon fill up4 ,if 9 any ( ! frames !re is n suffici5t comb1 supply empty comb if x is to h&1 & 9 default ( su*1 fix an additional bottom b> inside ! frame--a false bottom z x may be call$--at :atev] height ! supply ( comb requires4 ,drone comb1 h[ev]1 %\ld be us$ v sp>+ly1 & ?is only = ! outside frames1 9 :i* x is n likely to be select$ by ! que5 = bre$+ purposes1 b left = /orage ( honey4 ,bo? fill$ & p>tly fill$ frames mu/ n[ be made secure by ty+ pieces ( tape or pliable wire 7ev5 /r+ w answ]7 r\nd ! :ole f top b> to bottom or false bottom2 !re %\ld be two ( ^! to a frame1 or p]haps ?ree if ! pieces ( comb are small4 ,9 two days or s ! bees w h made all firm en\gh = ! tape to be disp5s$ )1 :i* %\ld accord+ly be done1 z x is 9 ! bees' way4 ,to effect ?is1 dismemb] fir/ ! cells f ! tape by means ( a %>p knife1 & !n cut ! tape & draw x out4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! combs occupy ! same position 9 ! frames z 9 ! hive f :i* !y 7 extract$1 = ! cells are n exactly horizontal1 b incl9$ slightly upw>ds4 ,supply guide-comb or wax /rips to any frames t are :olly unoccupi$4 ,! frames n[ fill$ are plac$ 9 ! hive1 :5 ! bees may be let into x 9 ! mann] ,mr4 ,woodbury recomm5ds = a sw>m 7see page #bbj74 ,x may be z well to keep !m conf9$ a few h\rs1 giv+ !m wat] at ! top1 by means ( a soak$ sponge laid on p]=at$ z9c1 until !y make ! combs secure2 ! object ( ?is be+ to exclude ! bees f o!r hives1 :o1 if feloni\sly incl9$1 might come to rob4 ,= ! same reason ! op]ation ( adju/+ ! combs %\ld n be p]=m$ 9 ! op5 air1 or ! bees f surr\nd+ hives w be sure to come 9 great numb]s to obta9 a %>e ( ! honey necess>ily expos$4 ,x %\ld be done inside a room ) ! temp]ature at ab\t #gj degrees--n cold en\gh to *ill ! brood1 nor yet hot en\gh to s(t5 ! combs4 ,an exp]t api>ian c\ld p]=m ! op]ation 9 less ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & ) little loss4 ,a week or s aft] a sw>m has left ! old /ock is p]haps ! v be/ "t = su* a removal4 ,9 "s in/ances a r\t+ ( ?is k9d has a b5eficial effect2 old /ocks ( hives t h previ\sly appe>$ to be dw9dl+ are (t5 ar\s$ to activity by _! removal into a fre% domicile4 ,aft] ! w9t]'s doze ?is is especially ! case1 say if done on a w>m day e>ly 9 ,april4 ,we h ourselves frequ5tly %ift$ ! /ock f a well-occupi$ frame hive to a fre% "o1 9 :i* ! bees f9d a clean floor-bo>d & walls1 z well z fre$om f insects t may h h>b\r$ 9 crevices dur+ ! w9t]4 ,,iv4 ,,driv+4 ,driv+ is an op]ation by :i* bees are induc$ to vacate an1 old settl$ hive & to ent] an empty "o4 ,_m api>ians pref] ?is mode ( effect+ an ex*ange ( hives to ! plan ( fumigat+ ! bees4 ,! greate/ success att5d+ su* a transf] w be 9 ! case ( hives well fill$ ) combs t are work$ ne>ly to ! floor-bo>d2 & x may be rem>k$ t bees are g5]ally s f> provid5t t !y leave an op5 space 9 :i* to pass und]nea? _! combs ov] all ! floor ( ! hive4 ,:5 ! old hive is inv]t$ ! bees crawl up ! combs1 & ?us m easily pass up into ! new hive1 :i* ! op]ator places ov] ! old "o ) ! int5t t !y %\ld ent] x4 ,! be/ "t = p]=m+ ?is op]ation is ab\t ! middle ( ! day1 & :5 ! wea!r is w>m3 ,x is ess5tial t ! op]ator be protect$ ) a bee dress & gloves1 z be=e describ$2 & previ\s to comm5c+ 8 task he mu/ provide all necess>y implem5ts4 ,^! are--a c\ple ( hives1 bo? ( :i* %\ld correspond 9 %ape & size ) ! hive f :i* ! bees are to be driv52 a clo? to tie r\nd at ! juncture :5 ! new hive is plac$ on ! old "o2 "s /r+ to keep ! clo? 9 its place2 an empty pail to receive ! top ( ! old hive1 if "o ( ! old conical %ape1 b if ! /ock ( bees is 9 a squ>e box-hive ) a flat top1 a firm /ool w be ! be/2 & a tube fumigator ) "s fungus1 :i* w complete ! mat]ial ( w>4 ,! bucket or /ool mu/ be plac$ securely on ! gr\nd1 ab\t a y>d f ! place :]e ! full hive /&s2 !n a few puffs ( smoke1 bl[n 9 among/ ! bees1 w cause !m to retreat up among/ ! combs4 ,! bee-ma/] mu/ n[ turn ! hive#be upside d[n v g5tly1 lett+ x re/ 9 ! pail or on ! /ool2 he !n quickly places ! empty hive ov] ! full "o1 & ties ! clo? r\nd x1 to prev5t any escape ( ! bees4 ,if ! clo? be damp$ x w cl+ ! clos] to ! hives4 ,! ?ird hive1 :i* %\ld resemble ! old "o ev5 9 col\r1 is int5d$ to be plac$ on ! /& =m]ly occupi$ by ! /ock1 s z to reta9 ! few return+ bees :i* _h be5 abs5t 9 ! fields4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t all crevices ?r\gh :i* x is possible = ! bees to escape f ! unit$ hives %\ld be effectually clos$4 ,:5 ! two are fairly unit$1 ! op]ator w proce$ by rapp+ ! full hive g5tly ) ! h&s or a c\ple ( /icks1 m p>ticul>ly on t side :]e ! combs are ! mo/ ?ickly plac$--t is1 if ! hive be n equally fill$ on all sides4 ,a /ock is 9 ! be/ condition = driv+ tw5ty-"o days1 or !reab\ts1 aft] a fir/ sw>m has issu$2 ! brood w !n h hat*$ out1 ! bees w quit m readily1 & !re w be no loss ( l>v 9 ! cells4 ,footnote #be3 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 turn+ ! hive ov] to keep ! combs v]tical by turn+ x 9 ! direction 9 :i* !y hang1 & n crossways1 or !y are likely to break f _! f\ndations4 ,x g5]ally happ5s t 9 t5 or fifte5 m9utes ! bees regul>ly comm5ce ! asc5t2 _! exodus w be kn[n by ! di/9ct ru%+ s\nd :i* is always notic$ :5 a colony ( bees is on ! move4 ,! fir/ ?+ bees d :5 di/urb$ is to fill _! honey-bags1 z !y inv>iably d at sw>m+ "t2 consequ5tly1 aft] ! fir/ ru% into ! new hive is ov]1 z 9 ! case ( a sw>m1 ! flitt+ bees are n mu* dispos$ to take w+4 ,:5 ! noise made by ! asc5d+ bees has be5 he>d1 & has 9 a great degree subsid$1 ! clo? may be remov$1 & ! old hive1 n[ des]t$1 may be tak5 indoors2 & if a few bees yet rema9 !y may be bru%$ (f ) a fea!r4 ,an exp]i5c$ api>ian1 on fir/ he>+ ! ru%+ noise be=e m5tion$1 w n hesitate to tilt ! top hive ov] a little on "o side1 s t he may wat* ! bees dur+ ! asc5t2 ! que5 maybe se5 pass+ up1 & if ! op]ator desires to take h] away he c secure h] by g5tly tak+ h] betwe5 ?umb & f+]4 ,^? :o h become exp]i5c$ 9 ?is op]ation f9d t x c safely be p]=m$ ) ! hives fix$ op5 f ! fir/4 ,?is is call$ op5 driv+1 & c be effect$ ) increas$ facility by /ick+ two skew]s ?r\gh ! ru9 ( ! l[] hive 9 su* mann] t !y %all act z props to keep ! upp] 9 a fix$ position4 ,mr4 ,hunt] has1 h[ev]1 devis$ an improvem5t ^u ?is1 consi/+ 9 a wire h+e to connect ! two hives1 & wire rods to prop !m op54 ,! op]ator ?us has bo? 8 h&s at lib]ty = o!r p>ts ( ! "w4 ,if ! tak+ ( ! honey be1 ! object ( ! bee-ma/]1 !n driv+ is manife/ly a bett] plan ?an resort+ to ! fumes ( sulphur = ! purpose2 = ! bees f :om ! /ore is tak5 c be jo9$ to /ocks t are weak 9 numb]s1 ) consid]able advantage to ! future prosp]ity ( ! api>y 7see next section74 ,v4 ,,unit+ ,,colonies4 ,a weak colony may frequ5tly ) advantage be add$ to ano!r1 or ?ree may be made into two4 ,& n only may ?is be done ) new sw>ms1 b 9 autumn1 :5 !re is no brood 9 ! combs1 x may be c>ri$ out also ) /ocks1 ! combs t are extract$ be+ tak5 c>e ( = use :5 requir$4 ,aft] work+ h\rs is ! be/ "t = ?is op]ation4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 altoge!r a simple "o1 z /range bees w n int]mix unless measures are tak5 to ov]come _! natural ho/ility to ea* o!r4 ,:atev] be ! numb] ( hives 9 an api>y1 ! bees ( ea* "k ! smell ( _! own companions4 ,a s+le bee t ent]s ! wrong hive w be /ung to dea?1 unless possess$ ( a good booty :]e) to dis>m animosity4 ,simil>ly on ! admixture ( entire colonies1 if "o has "s di/9ct gr\nd ( advantage ov] ! o!r1 !re mu/ be a me?od hit ^u to deprive x ( ?is or else to pur*ase its goodwill1 = o!rwise !re w ensue a f]oci\s & disa/r\s slaught]4 ,if bo? are alike fright5$ all w g well1 & ! same if bo? are ^u ! w+ 9 se>* ( a home2 b q o!rwise if "o is self-possess$ & active 9 its own abode1 :ile ! o!rs are fright5$ /rang]s & gorg$1 & x may be /ill fur!r demoralis$ by hav+ liv$ "u an unf]tile que51 or ) none at all4 ,b if bo? are c[$ alike by a good drumm+ on ! hives1 !y may be spr9kl$ s z to possess ! same sc5t1 & !n tak5 to a ?ird position & %ak5 out on to a %eet toge!r1 :5 !y w ent] ! (f]$ hive 9 h>mony4 ,if ea* colony has a que51 "o ( !m may be se>*$ = & remov$4 ,a slight v>iation ^u ?is me?od consi/s 9 driv+ ! bees ( ! "o hive 7see la/ section7 /raightway into ! o!r1 hav+ fir/ t]rifi$ ! bees ( ! latt] by drumm+ until by _! *ang$ note !y may be conclud$ to be ?or\ghly subdu$1 & z a consequ5ce gorg$ ) honey2 !n1 be=e _! equanimity is recov]$1 ! o!rs mu/ be jo9$ to !m4 ,a ?ird plan is ! "o usually practis$ ) ! ,/ew>ton hive 7page #aea71 & :i* c be imitat$ ) o!r hives1 by means ( ekes or nadirs2 ?is is usually c>ri$ out 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! quietude appe>s efficaci\s 9 settl+ all diff]5ces )\t ! necessity ( any o!r precautions4 ,a f\r? is z foll[s3 ,at dusk1 dislodge ! bees on to a clo?1 spr9kle !m ) sweet syrup sc5t$ ) ess5ce ( pepp]m9t 7z a means ( brib+ _! new ho/s to receive !m71 & place ! hive to :i* x is int5d$ to jo9 !m ov] ! mass2 !y w gradually asc5d into ! hive plac$ = !m1 & e>ly next morn+ ! hive1 ) its sl5d] /ock ?us augm5t$1 may be remov$ to its /&4 ,%\ld ! op]ator n h be5 successful 9 ga9+ possession ( ! que51 he may leave x to ! bees !mselves to decide :i* que5 !y w h4 ,_m p]sons feel m secure f /++ if !y fir/ /upefy ! bees by fumigation4 ,^! %\ld proce$ z foll[s3 ,hav+ us$ ! fumigator ^u ! bees 9 "o hive1 z describ$ "u t article 7page #bjg71 place a %eet on ! gr\nd & spread ! bees on x2 !n1 ) a fea!r1 sort !m ov]1 9 ord] to pick out ! que54 ,z soon z %e is f\nd1 p\r ! re/ ( ! le?>gic sw>m f (f ! %eet back into ! inv]t$ hive aga94 ,! /upefi$ bees mu/ n[ be spr9kl$ freely ) a syrup made ( honey & wat]1 or sug> & ale boil$ toge!r4 ,"s api>ians recomm5d a few drops ( pepp]m9t to be mix$ ) ! syrup1 9 ord] to dr[n ! peculi> od\r :i* is special to ea* hive ( bees2 ?is is m necess>y :5 bo? hives are fumigat$1 & :il/ "u ! influ5ce ( smoke are well mix$ toge!r ^u ! %eet or bo>d4 ,su* c\rse c be adopt$ if pref]r$1 & no fur!r in/ructions w be ne$$ ?an :at are "h giv52 b we w suppose z be=e t only "o is ?us op]at$ ^u4 ,! hive conta9+ ! non-/upefi$ bees mu/ n[ be plac$ on ! top ( ! inv]t$ "o1 j z ! hive 0 f :i* ! bees 9 ! latt] h come4 ,a wet clo? mu/ be fa/5$ r\nd ! two hives1 s z to prev5t any ( ! bees f escap+4 ,! hives 9 ?is position mu/ be plac$ :]e !y are n likely to be knock$ d[n or m$dl$ )4 ,! fre% bees 9 ! upp] hive1 attract$ by ! sc5t ( ! bees besme>$ ) honey1 g d[n & comm5ce lick+ (f ! sweets f ! sleepy ones4 ,! latt] gradually revive1 :5 all get m+l$ toge!r & asc5d 9 company to ! upp] hive1 :]e !y live z if !y _h n be5 sep>ate families4 ,! two hives %\ld be left undi/urb$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :5 ! upp] hive may be remov$ & plac$ imm$iately on ! spot f :5ce x 0 br\ght4 ,! remov$ que5 %\ld be kept alive & f$ z long z %e w live1 9 case any h>m %\ld befall ! sov]eign ( ! o!r community4 ,if ?ree hives are to be incorporat$ 9 two1 ! only diff]5ce w be t ! /upefi$ colony ^u ! %eet is divid$ into two empty skeps1 ! "o be+ cov]$ securely ov] till ! o!r is adju/$4 ,,vi4 ,,artificial ,,sw>m+4 ,e bee-keep] kn[s ! anxiety he feels 9 wat*+ & expect+ a sw>m to come =?1 fe>ful le/ 8 fav\rites %\ld1 l ri*es1 take w+ & fly away--a mis*ance t x is desirable to prev5t4 ,9 our description ( natural sw>m+ ?is w be f\nd fully treat$ (2 we propose "h m]ely to po9t out h[1 especially ) movable frames1 ?is "w ( ,nature may be assi/$4 ,we call x assi/$1 because artificial sw>m+ %\ld1 z ne>ly z possible1 resemble natural sw>m+2 t is1 x %\ld be p]=m$ at ! same "t ( ! ye>1 & :5 ! popul\s /ate ( ! hive makes a division desirable4 ,?is is easily kn[n to be ! case :5 bees hang out 9 clu/]s at ! entrance1 wa/+ _! "t 9 en=c$ idl5ess in/ead ( be+ abroad ga!r+ honey4 ,x is also necess>y t !re %\ld be drones ab\t at ! date *os54 ,:5 su* is ! /ate ( ! hive1 ! advantages ( movable-frame hives are /rik+ly manife/$4 ,) ! o!rs ! bees w (t5 p]si/ 9 wa/+ _! "t z j /at$ :5 a sw>m w\ld put all to rights2 :ile !y are (t5 j z awkw>d ! o!r way & w s5d out sw>m aft] sw>m :i* ! /r5g? ( ! hive _c sp>e & :i* 9 !mselves are unable to =m colonies capable ( self-support & ( repell+ robb] bees4 ,! great exp5diture ( "t & lab\r by ! bee-keep]1 ) ! fe> t aft] all ! sw>m may come (f at a "t :5 he is abs5t1 & ?us be p]haps lo/1 are additional objections to dep5d+ ^u ! natural process4 ,an api>ian may if he pleases give ! bees _! *ance1 & !n if !y d n sw>m readily he may resort to artificial means4 ,b if he wi%es to disp5se ) ! =m] altoge!r he w h to adopt measures ( prev5tion aga9/ x1 z 8 =c$ colony mu/ n be procur$ till ! prop] "t ( natural sw>m+4 ,"s clip ! w+s ( ! que51 :i* seems a clumsy proce$+ at ! be/--?\gh recomm5d$ by high au?orities f ,virgil to ,lang/ro?--z ! royal "m may /ill w&] =? & ?us fall to ! gr\nd & be lo/4 ,o!rs block ! entrance ( ! hive ) "s ob/ruction :i* only work]s c pass1 by :i* means ! drones w also be kept at home4 ,if ?is be ! me?od pursu$ c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! ob/ructions are remov$ bo? aft] sunset & be=e sunrise to p]mit ( ! dragg+ out ( ! bodies ( su* z h fall5 among ! h\rly victims ( ! ga!r+ season4 ,! be/ "t = p]=m+ ! op]ation is ab\t t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ ( a f9e summ]'s day4 ,! foll[+ directions %\ld be c>ri$ out3 ,place ready a c\nt] or b5* t is firm & /rong1 & :i* has space on x = ! inhabit$--or1 r1 ! ov]-inhabit$--frame hive1 & ! empty "o1 :i* is ab\t to be made ! receptacle ( a sep>ate /ock4 ,! op]ator1 attir$ 9 8 bee dress1 & hav+ ! o!r appliances ready1 may n[ op5 ! hive#bf 7z describ$ at page #bgj71 & proce$ to take out ! frames1 c>efully exam9+ bo? sides ( ea* comb to f9d ! que53#bg %e is g5]ally 9 ! c5tre ( ! hive1 s t x is n always ne$ful to take out e "o ( ! frames4 ,z ^! are exam9$ !y may be put into ! empty hive1 & :5 ! object ( ! bee-ma/]'s se>* is f\nd he mu/ c>efully remove ! frame conta9+ h] maje/y1 & may place x tempor>ily 9 ! empty hive1 at "o end by itself1 or he may make use ( ! b>-frame hold] 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 xi474 ,next he mu/ proce$ to put ! frames back into ! old hive1 clos+ up ! vacancy caus$ by ! removal ( ! comb ) ! que5 on x1 & leave ! empty frame at ! end4 ,!n he may place ! frame conta9+ ! que51 ) ! few bees t may be ^u x1 9 ! c5tre ( ! empty hive2 &1 f9ally1 putt+ all ! o!r empty frames 91 & replac+ ! lid1 he w place ?is hive 9 ! exact position occupi$ by ! old /ock4 ,! bees t are on !' w+ w g to ! old spot1 &1 f9d+ ! que5 !re1 !y w rally r\nd h]1 & if a "t is *os5 :5 a l>ge numb] are abroad1 !y w on _! return v soon =m a suffici5t numb] to con/itute a sw>m2 comb-build+ w at once beg91 ! frames w1 9 a week or s1 be fill$1 & a satisfactory /ock w ?us be e/abli%$4 ,footnote #bf3 ,bees are apt to take ! int]f]5ce m quietly if ! /ock is mov$ a little di/ance f its accu/om$ ,/&2 9 su* case1 put an empty hive 9 its place1 to amuse return+ bees4 ,^! c be %ak5 out :5 ! hive x is desir$ !y %\ld inhabit is re/or$4 ,if ?is is kept 9 a clos$ bee-h\se ! entrance %\ld be %ut d[n until ! hive is replac$1 :5 ! clu/]$ bees may be at once admitt$4 ,footnote #bg3 ,italian que5s are m easily detect$1 be+ ( a bright] col\r1 &1 g5]ally1 l>g] ?an ,engli% que5s4 ,?is op]ation we once p]=m$--exactly z describ$ above except t !re 0 no frame-extract+--) "o ( our improv$ cottage hives4 ,:il/ inspect+ our bees we caught sight ( ! que5 on ! comb 9 "o ( ! bell glasses4 ,?is 0 a *ance n to be miss$1 & we imm$iately resolv$ to =m an artificial sw>m1 = ! hive 0 v full ( bees4 ,besides1 be+ oblig$ to be away f ! api>y mo/ ( ! week1 we 7 glad ( ! opportunity ( s easily e/abli%+ a colony )\t ! unc]ta9ty & tr\ble ( hiv+ a natural sw>m4 ,9 ! fir/ place we slid a t9 "u ! bell glass1 &1 remov+ ! /ock hive f und]nea?1 we took x a few feet away2 !n we plac$ an empty improv$ cottage hive :]e ! old /ock _h /ood1 & put ! glass ( comb conta9+ ! que5 & a few bees ov] "o ( ! holes 9 ! cr[n ( ?is new empty hive4 ,! bees t 7 left abroad belong+ to ! old /ock return$ z usual to _! old entrance z !y suppos$2 soon a suffici5t numb] =m$ a l>ge clu/] 9 ! hive & began comb-build+1 ! que5 rema9+ 9 ! glass until ! cells bel[ 7 suffici5tly num]\s = h] to deposit h] eggs 9 !m4 ,! exp]im5t answ]$ exce$+ly well4 ,bo? hives prosp]$3 ! old hive ei!r _h "s pr9cesses com+ =w>d to supply ! loss ( ! que51 or ! bees us$ ! p[] t !y possess ( rais+ a que5 f work] brood 9 ! mann] we h previ\sly describ$ 7page #af74 ,! =ego+ acc\nt illu/rates ! successful =mation ( an artificial sw>m2 b1 ) a cottage hive1 ga9+ possession ( ! que5 is on ?is me?od q a matt] ( *ance4 ,) a movable-frame hive %e c at any suitable "t be f\nd4 ,precisely ! same plan is to be adopt$ ) ! old /ock 9 ! frame hive z we h describ$ 9 ! case ( ! cottage1 t is1 to remove x "s few paces (f3 :5 ! hives are 9 a bee-h\se a simil> result may be obta9$ by plac+ ! new sw>m = a day or two s z to be rea*$ by ! same entrance z ! old /ock1 & ! latt] may be remov$ to "o close by4 ,"s api>ians recomm5d t a space be left betwe5 ! two hives1 by arrang+ !m on ! "r & left ( ! old entrance1 9 ord] t too l>ge a proportion ( bees %\ld n ent] ! new hive at ! old position1 to ! impov]i%m5t ( ! o!r4 ,b we h f\nd ! mode adopt$ ) ! cottage hive answ] s well t we see no reason = recomm5d+ any diff]5t plan4 ,x is ! (fice ( ! bee-ma/] to assi/1 n 9 ! lea/ degree to oppose1 ,nature4 ,we "k t :5 a natural sw>m issues =? x has its que51 & :5 locat$ 9 a new abode x comm5ces build+ work] combs1 leav+ ! build+ ( ! few requisite drone combs to a lat] p]iod4 ,b if a division ( ! hive %\ld be made1 by putt+ half ! combs 9 "o hive & half 9 ano!r1 ! hive t is ei!r que5less or conta9s an embryo que5 w busy itself ) build+ only drone comb 7see page #ag72 ?us a numb] ( receptacles = useless bees are provid$1 :ile all ! "t ! colony is rapidly dy+ (f f ! we>-&-te> ( ! work+ season4 ,9 ! plan we h recomm5d$ = =m+ two sep>ate families we ne>ly foll[ ! natural c\rse ( ?+s2 ! comb t ! que5 is ^u is ! only "o t is tak5 f ! hive1 & ?is vacancy %\ld be fill$ 9 by mov+ ! frames toge!r1 s z to leave ! empty frame at ! end4 ,! sw>m "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! que5 con/ruct ! combs1 & furni% _! new abode1 z be=e /at$1 ) work] cells4 ,by adopt+ ! plan above describ$1 ! movable-frame hive w prove f> sup]ior to any ( ! divid+-hives1 :i* provide = equal division ( ! combs4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 q a ho/ ( o!r modes ( proc$ure m or less v>i$ f ! above1 & _! numb] is d\btless capable ( almo/ unlimit$ ext5sion4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro?1 9 ! t5? *apt] ( 8 ,honey ,bee1 describes a consid]able v>iety ( !m1 ne>ly all ( :i* are accompli%$ :olly or 9 "p by ! process ( driv+4 ,! foll[+ he p>ticul>ly recomm5ds z approa*+ ne>e/ ( any to natural sw>m+4 ,two hives exactly alike are plac$ "o above ! o!r ) _! entrances diff]5t ways2 !y h holes made ?r\gh _! floor-bo>ds to all[ ( communication f ! cr[n-bo>d ( :i*ev] = ! "t occupies ! l[] position4 ,free passage be+ ?us giv5 f "o to ! o!r1 a numb] ( ! "y bees w use ! upp] entrance4 ,aft] "s t5 days a sw>m is driv5 f ! l[] & receiv$ into ! upp]1 ^u :i* ! positions ( ! hives are rev]s$1 ! =c$ sw>m be+ put bel[4 ,mo/ ( ! mature bees w unite ) ! sw>m f association ) ! l[] entrance2 b ! "y ones :i* h habituat$ !mselves to ! upp] "o w n[ cl+ to ! p>5t /ock & =m a suffici5t /r5g? to keep x prop]ly go+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ! upp] hive may be plac$ by ! side ( ! l[]1 & !n1 by successive %ort /eps1 remov$ to any o!r "p ( ! api>y4 ,if x 0 f\nd t ei!r hive 0 too weak ! positions %\ld be aga9 rev]s$4 ,:5 driv+ is ! me?od resort$ to1 x becomes absolutely ess5tial1 9 =c+ a sw>m1 t ! que5 %\ld g ) ! new colony2 b on ! o!r h& x is n 9 ?is case ! object to drive all ! bees f ! p>5t /ock1 b to leave1 say1 a qu>t] to pres]ve w>m? = ! brood & to raise a new que54 ,if !re=e ! que5 is n obs]v$ 9 ! asc5t ( ! bees aft] ! drumm+1 ^? 9 ! sw>m mu/ be turn$ & %ak5 ov] 9 ! skep 9 ord] to f9d h] 7!y w n attempt to fly1 b only crawl74 ,an inexp]i5c$ eye may /ill fail to detect h]1 & 9 t case x w be be/ to set bo? hives ^u /&s = a %ort "t--! new "o on ! old /& & ! old on "s o!r--:5 )9 half an h\r ! "o :i* is fairly quiet may be judg$ to be possess$ ( ! royal pres5ce4 ,%\ld ?is be ! old hive x mu/ be aga9 drumm$1 or ! sw>m may be return$ to x & ! op]ation r5ew$ on a foll[+ day4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 only ) skep hives t any difficulty ( ?is k9d ne$ be appreh5d$--!re is always ! p[] ( captur+ & transf]r+ ! que5 f movable frames4 ,:5 at la/ %e is 9 ! desir$ hive ! sw>m is secur$1 & ! aft] measures dep5d on ! numb] ( bees t h accompani$ h]4 ,if ! /ock reta9s "o-half x may be mov$ to a new position & ! sw>m take its place ^u ! old /&4 ,:i*ev] occupies ?is latt] po/ w deta* l>gely f ! /r5g? ( ! o!r1 s t ! r$uction und]gone by ! p>5t /ock w n be m ?an x w probably be able to su/a94 ,z detail$ 9 ! above article on ,driv+ 7page #bbf71 !re is a ?ird hive made use ( 9 ?is case1 :i* has receiv$ ! bees t return$ home dur+ ! op]ation1 & ^! are n[ add$ to :i*ev] hive may mo/ require !m4 ,%\ld too _m h gone ov] ) ! sw>m1 ?is latt] may be tak5 away & set 9 a cool airy place1 :ile ! old hive is c>efully re/or$ to its old /&1 :5 ! bees :i* 7 di/ract$ly flitt+ 9 & out ( ! ?ird hive w at once ru% into x1 & ! impression made ^u !m by ! occurr5ce w be su* t !y w n[ cl+ to x :]ev] x is plac$4 ,x mu/ be =?) remov$ to its int5d$ p]man5t position1 b if /ill %ort ( bees ?is mu/ be close at h&1 s t if ! =c$ sw>m is kept :]e x is = a day or two a good numb] may des]t to ! old /ock2 its entrance %\ld be clos$ until sunset z a precaution aga9/ robb]s1 b n s z to /op v5tilation4 ,! =c$ sw>m1 if n 9 _! p]man5t hive1 mu/ n[ be treat$ z an ord9>y transf]1 & _! fix$ abode be br\ght 9 ! ev5+ to ! old /&4 ,"s additional cov]+ may be ne$$ at fir/1 & 9 v cool wea!r ! op]ation %\ld n be attempt$ at all4 ,!re is no fe> ( all ! bees des]t+ 9 ! arrangem5t j sugge/$1 & if inconv5i5t to complete ! op]ation at once ! sw>m may be s left1 ev5 if !re appe>s no ne$ on acc\nt ( ! old /ock4 ,! process ( driv+ is ! only me?od ( obta9+ artificial sw>ms f cottage hives1 except 9 su* r>e cases ( good =tune z ! "o m5tion$ on page #bcf2 b ev5 ) frame hives x is (t5 practis$ = ! sake ( its rapidity4 ,b ) an exp]i5c$ op]ator ! same result c be a*iev$ by simply tak+ out ! frames "o by "o & j]k+ (f ! bees on to ! %eet 9 front ( ! new p]man5t hive2 t on :i* ! que5 is f\nd w be ins]t$ !re9 j z x is--que51 brood1 & work]s4 ,if ! sw>m is be+ collect$ 9 a skep ! que5 mu/ be tak5 ) ! f+]s & deposit$ !re91 :ile ! bees f z _m frames z are ne$ful mu/ be %ak5 9 aft] h]4 ,!re is sometimes a d\bt :e!r a hive is /rong en\gh to yield a sw>m1 ?\gh app>5tly ov]/ock$4 ,9 su* cases !re is an excell5t plan1 devis$ by ,mr4 ,lang/ro? & /rongly approv$ by ,mr4 ,*e%ire1 = obta9+ a s+le sw>m out ( two hives4 ,on a suitable morn+1 :5 l>ge numb]s are ^u ! w+1 drum a /rong /ock till e bee has left x4 ,place ! =c$ sw>m on ! old /&3 ?is ( c\rse consi/s ( bees 9 an unfurni%$ hive1 :ile ! old hive has lo/ all its bees1 b reta9s its brood4 ,remove ?is hive to ! /& ( ano!r /rong /ock1 ! hive ( :i* goes to a ?ird spot ) ! bees inside x at ! "t4 ,^? ( ?is la/ :i* 7 ^u ! w+ w ent] & rema9 ) ! fir/ hive & raise a new que52 :ile suffici5t w be transf]r$ ) ! second /ock hive to protect its brood also4 ,?us ! fir/ /ock gives no bees to ! sw>m1 b ! :ole ( its brood2 ! second gives ! l>g] half ( its bees4 ,if frame hives are ! ones us$1 ! %ak+ process ( ! la/ p>agraph may be sub/itut$ = drumm+2 b z x may n be possible to %ake (f e bee )\t damag+ ! combs1 a goose w+ %\ld be employ$ to bru% (f ! m t5aci\s ( ! occupants4 ,o!r modifications consi/ 9 ei!r obta9+ "o sw>m out ( f\r or five hives1 or else "o less ?an _! own numb] out ( ! same4 ,= ! =m] 7frame hives7 two combs may be tak5 f ea* & plac$ 9 a new hive1 :i* is !n set ^u ! /& ( "s /rong /ock4 ,= ! latt]1 a sw>m is =c$1 aft] or be=e work+ h\rs1 f ea* ( ^! hives1 :ile ano!r sw>m1 t has be5 procur$ f "s bee-keep] a mile or two (f1 & has be5 kept 9 a cool place1 is n[ %ak5 on to a %eet1 spr9kl$ to keep x f tak+ w+1 & s(tly scoop$ up ) a sauc] & divid$ equally or z requir$ among ! hives t h yield$ ! sw>ms4 ,! di/ance t ^! bees h come w prev5t !m f return+ to _! own home4 ,,vii4 ,,que5-,,re>+4 ,p]haps ! greate/ advantage ! movable-frame hive possesses is1 t a full k1 c be atta9$ ( its exact /ate z reg>ds ! que51 ! population1 & ! quantity ( food 9 /ock4 ,dur+ wea!r ( a g5ial temp]ature ! combs may on any f9e day be inspect$1 & ?us1 a k be+ ga9$ ( ! defici5cy exi/+ 9 a hive1 ! necess>y means may be adopt$ = supply+ ! want4 ,sometimes su* an exam9ation w v]ify ! fe>s ( ! bee-keep]1 :51 hav+ obs]v$ t 8 bees h ceas$ to c>ry 9 poll51 he has !reby receiv$ w>n+ t ! que5 has be5 lo/ at "s juncture :5 no successor to ! ?rone c\ld be provid$4 ,su* a hive has ent]$ on a d[nw>d c\rse & w dw9dle away entirely1 unless a que5 %\ld be giv5 to x1 or else "s combs conta9+ "y brood n _m days old 7see page #af74 ,by ! latt] me?od ! bee-keep] w ga9 an opportunity ( see+ ! bees set ab\t _! wond]ful process ( rais+ a que5 f ! brood ?us provid$ = !m4 ,if nei!r means is practicable ! colony mu/ be unit$ to "s o!r hive4 ,illu/ration ,an +5i\s little contrivance has be5 br\ght into use by cont95tal bee-keep]s1 especially by ,h]r ,kle9e1 a ,g]man pa/or1 to prev5t ! de/ruction allud$ to4 ,x consi/s ( a small wire cage 79 fact1 a pipe cov]71 z repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ illu/ration1 plac$ ov] a que5 cell to protect x f ! "m bee's animosity4 ,x also s]ves to prev5t ! "y que51 :5 hat*$1 f escap+2 = %e w h ! same jeal\s feel+ t[>ds h] si/] pr9cesses1 %\ld !re be m 9 ! hive4 ,! bee-ma/] may ?us c>efully remove & appropriate h]4 ,p>ticul> att5tion w h to be ex]cis$ to affix ! cage into ! comb by pressure1 z f> z ! middle wall1 b at no po9t mu/ x t\* ! royal cell itself4 ,z ! cage w probably project s z to t\* ! adjo9+ comb1 a little incision & removal ( a portion may be necess>y to all[ space = x4 ,?is cov]+ ne$ n be put ov] ! cell until ! egg is a little m ?an a week old4 ,! animosity ( ! reign+ que5 does n g5]ally manife/ itself until ! royal brood approa*es maturity4 ,^! cells are unmole/$ on ! t5? day1 b on ! elev5? day !y may be f\nd t5antless4 ,not)/&+ ! api>ian's c>e & skill1 _m disappo9tm5ts are frequ5tly exp]i5c$ 9 endeav\r+ to e/abli% f]tile "y que5s at ! head ( colonies4 ,hives f\nd to be que5less may be suppli$ ei!r ) matur$ que5s or ) que5 cells4 ,if ! latt] are suffici5tly num]\s1 _! introduction may easily be effect$ by ex*ang+ a comb 9 ea* hive2 if !y h to be cut out & plac$ loosely 9 ! new hive1 a triangul> piece ( comb %\ld !n be remov$ ) !m1 to be us$ z a block 9 prev5t+ any pressure com+ on !m4 ,a space mu/ be cut out ( ! middle 9 ! c5tre combs ( ! hive into :i* !y are to be introduc$4 ,!y mu/ n be s loose z to be 9 dang] ( fall+ out1 b if su* seems likely a little melt$ wax %\ld be appli$ ) a fea!r4 ,special c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ n to bruise ! royal embryos1 z a v slight pressure is likely to be fatal4 ,x is important n to p]=m ! op]ation till !y are )9 ?ree or f\r days ( com+ =?1 :i* may be kn[n to be ! case f ! br[n look ( ! tops ( ! cells1 ! wax hav+ be5 remov$4 ,x is always easi] to introduce royal brood into que5less hives ?an matur$ que5s1 because bees are reluctant to receive /rang] que5s1 :il/ !y w tol]ate "o hat*$ 9 ! hive1 :o w spe$ily dep>t to seek a drone4 ,bee-ma/]s mo/ly use small hives = que5-re>+1 z expla9$ 9 ! section on ,nucleus ,hives 7page #aig74 ,x is n h[ev] indisp5sable to use o!r ?an ! ord9>y hives1 & ,mr4 ,lang/ro? gives ! foll[+ z ! v be/ mode ( proc$ure4 ,place an empty hive on ! top ( a well-fill$ "o1 giv+ communication ?r\gh cr[n & floor bo>ds & turn+ _! entrances opposite ways 7"o ( 8 plans1 by ! bye1 = procur+ an artificial sw>m74 ,! "y bees w _m ( !m take to ! upp] hive--if n !y mu/ be entic$ into x by food--& :5 !re are suffici5t ( !m1 a brood comb ) adh]+ bees mu/ be ins]t$ & ! connection clos$4 ,aft] a few days ?is nucleus hive may be remov$1 a few /eps at a "t1 & ano!r1 if desir$1 take its place & be rais$ 9 ! same way4 ,que5-re>+ op]ations mu/ be conf9$ to w>m wea!r & :5 drones are abundant4 ,royal cells are (t5 built s close toge!r t x is difficult to remove "o )\t injur+ ano!r4 ,z a rem$y = ?is ,dr4 ,dzi]zon has made ! important discov]y t any conv5i5t work] cell may be made to produce a que5 by ! removal to x ( "s ( ! royal jelly f an unseal$ cell2 by plac+ ?is on ! inn] m>g9 ( ! cell select$1 ! bees w adopt & re> ! l>va z desir$4 ,,viii4 ,,introduc+ ,,new ,,que5s4 ,?is is an op]ation t is cont9ually be+ practis$ = ! purpose ( ,italianis+ a colony1 ?\gh !re are o!r occasions = its adoption1 z on ! loss or ! sup]annuation ( ! old que54 ,we w 9 ! fir/ place describe ! mode ( proc$ure ) a frame hive4 ,%\ld ! old que5 be rema9+ 9 ! hive1 %e has fir/ to be remov$4 ,hav+ discov]$ h]1 by lift+ out & exam9+ ! frames 7see page #bga71 place a w9eglass ov] h] :il/ on ! comb1 &1 ) a c>d pass$ v c>efully und]nea?1 %e may1 ) a few ( h] subjects1 be made a prison] & easily remov$4 ,%e %\ld be pres]v$ 9 a small box till ! success ( ! new introduction is asc]ta9$4 ,!n1 hav+ enclos$ ! new que51 ) su* ( h] ret9ue if any z are ) h]1 9 ! dom$ wire cage describ$ at page #aii1 place ?is cage ^u ! comb 9 a spot :]e !re is a little honey1 s t %e may be indep5d5t ( ! bees = food1 & z ne> ! brood z may be2 press x into ! comb z f> z ! middle1 & close ! hive & leave ! bees undi/urb$ = ?ree days--less w mo/ly suffice1 b x is be/ to be on ! safe side4 ,! royal cells t are sure to h be5 comm5c$ %\ld n[ be cut away ) a p5knife1 & !n ! new que5 may be c>efully releas$4 ,if ! hive is "o t p]mits x1 h] reception %\ld be wat*$4 ,if ! bees make way = h] & c>ess h] ) _! ant5n1 all w be well1 & ! comb may be g5tly re/or$ to its position & ! hive %ut up4 ,b if !y clu/] 9 a ball ar\nd h]1 h] dea? is int5d$2 & if !y _c readily be induc$ to sep>ate !y %\ld be tak5 out & dropp$ into lukew>m wat] 7:i* w hurt none ( !m71 & ! que5 re-encag$ = ano!r day or s--t is1 if %e has n already met h] doom1 :i* is all unc]ta93 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? says he has _h sev]al que5s /ung to dea? be=e !y _h quitt$ 8 f+]s6 ,we pref] effect+ h] release1 !n %utt+ up ! hive & leav+ ! bees quietly to !mselves4 ,we may rem>k "h ) reg>d to ^! acts ( surr\nd+ a new que51 t !y evid5tly arise f a great numb] ru%+ ^u h] at once = ! purpose ( /++ h]1 b t v frequ5tly su* purpose is fru/rat$ by ! immovable position 9 :i* ! inn] bees are held4 ,suffocation h[ev] w soon effect ! same end if ! ball be n disp]s$4 ,!re are cases1 on ! contr>y1 9 :i* fri5dly bees surr\nd a que5 to protect h] f o!rs1 & sometimes ! knot is made up ( memb]s ( bo? p>ties1 p]haps )\t enclos+ ! que5 at all4 ,! hiss+ note w at once di/+ui% a ho/ile onset f a protect+ rally4 ,) ! ,r5frew%ire cage 7page #aii z above7 all ! v>iation ne$$ is to place ! cage betwe5 in/ead ( )9 ! combs1 s z to p]mit ( ! que5's release at ! bottom4 ,! inv5tor consid]s t ?is gives an advantage 9 introduc+ h] maje/y 9 ! fir/ place to ^? bees t h be5 engag$ 9 fe$+ h]2 b1 z already notic$1 x is n ! fe$+1 b ! famili>is+ ) h] pres5ce1 :i* is ! great po9t1 & t is surely q z well accompli%$ ) ! o!r cage z ?is4 ,!re is also "h no opportunity1 z 9 ! o!r case1 ( be+ c]ta9 :e!r %e is well receiv$ or n1 s t we always put a good-siz$ bo>d "u ! entrance1 & exam9e ! next day :e!r %e has be5 ?r[n out dead or n4 ,9 effect+ ! ex*ange ) cottage hives1 ! bees mu/ fir/ be driv5 out into ano!r hive 7z describ$ at page #bbf71 & aft] ! old que5 is remov$ !y mu/ be spr9kl$ ) a little wat] flav\r$ ) a drop ( extract ( pepp]m9t 7to be obta9$ ( any *emi/71 :i* ov]comes ! p>ticul> hive-sc5t1 & makes all smell alike2 !n ?r[ ! new que5 9 among !m & place ! mass ( !m back 9 ! hive4 ,if pref]r$1 an eke 7page #ahf7 may be plac$ on ! /&1 ! bees precipitat$ into x1 & ! hive ( combs plac$ above1 :5 ! bees w asc5d4 ,if ?is is done 9 ! ev5+ ! que5 w 9 mo/ cases be well receiv$4 ,z !re is no opportunity ( excis+ que5 cells1 ! process %\ld be p]=m$1 say1 9 ! middle ( ,octob]1 :5 bre$+ has ceas$4 ,/upefy+ ! bees ) fungus is a me?od devis$ by ,hub] z applicable 9 any k9d ( hive1 & x has be5 highly approv$ ( & decl>$ to be infallible4 ,a /range que5 is g5]ally well receiv$ by "y bees1 :e!r %e be ,italian or ,engli%--= we h nev] f\nd ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 reception1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,wagn] 7,lang/ro?'s ,honey ,bee1 page #cbe7 0 ( op9ion t !re is m opposition 9 ! case ( ! =eign]4 ,! difficulty is to h a suffici5t numb] ( su* "y bees4 ,9 ! middle ( a hot summ]'s day a /ock may be divid$ & ! "p ) ! old que5 left 9 its =m] position1 :ile ! o!r "p1 ) z _m brood combs z x is prud5t to take1 may be remov$ a few y>ds (f4 ,! old bees t h be5 br\ght ) ! latt] w 9 ?ree or f\r h\rs h mo/ ( !m return$ to _! =m] abode1 & ! new que5 may !n ) safety be giv5 to ! rema9d] )\t cag+1 tak+ c>e to introduce h] to ! "y bees on ! combs4 ,?is task mu/ only be attempt$ on a w>m midsumm] day & :5 ! night temp]ature ne$ n be fe>$ = ! "y brood 9 its des]t$ condition4 ,/ocks may be divid$ & artificial sw>ms =m$ 9 ?is way--f ! end ( ,may to ! beg9n+ ( ,july--if ! api>ian has que5s 9 read9ess4 ,,ix4 ,,italianis+4 ,x requires a consid]able am\nt ( api>ian skill to accompli% ! union ( ,italian ) common bees1 s t we f9d by exp]i5ce x is be/ to s5d out complete /ocks or sw>ms ( ! =m]4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly desirable n[ t ! pack+ ( :ole hives is s easily accompli%$ by u ) ! aid ( b>s & frames4 ,we h s5t a great numb] ( /ocks to all p>ts by rail4 ,/ill1 z ! introduction ( f]tile ,italian que5s is a frequ5t practice1 & we are ourselves l>ge import]s ( ! same1 x is only "r to add "s directions z to ! c\rse to be pursu$ :]e su* union is resolv$ ^u4 ,^! que5s come ov] dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 f ,may to ,octob]4 ,!y are pack$ 9 wood5 boxes ab\t five in*es squ>e1 ) a comb ( seal$ honey 9 a frame 9 ! c5tre to fe$ ! que5 & ! few work]s t accompany h] on ! j\rney4 ,! old que5 %\ld fir/ be remov$ f ! hive1 b c>efully pres]v$ till x is asc]ta9$ :e!r all goes well ) ! /rang]4 ,! box conta9+ ! latt] mu/ n[ be pris$ op51 & ?is %\ld be done )9 doors1 le/ ! que5 %\ld fly & be lo/4 ,on discov]+ h] %e mu/ be plac$ 9 a que5-cage & gradually introduc$ to h] new subjects 9 ! mann] expla9$ "u t article 7pages #aih & #bdg74 ,if ?is is successfully accompli%$ all is "r s f>2 b unless consid]able pa9s be tak5 ! (f-com+ sw>ms w c]ta9ly produce mongrel bees4 ,if none ( ! neighb\r+ resid5ts are bee-keep]s1 ! risk may be consid]ably n>r[$ by de/roy+ ! drones & drone comb 9 ! o!r hives & re>+ ,italian que5s to place at ! head ( ea* ( ^! z spe$ily z possible4 ,e "o ( ^! que5s1 ev5 if impregnat$ f an undesir$ s\rce1 w /ill produce drones z purely ,italian z h]self 7see page #fd71 & ?us 9 ano!r ye> ! *ance ( ,italian mates be+ f\nd = ! que5s w be fur!r increas$3 inde$ ! peculi>ity ( ,italian que5s 9 lay+ drone eggs 9 !re fir/ ye> w probably produce ?is result m spe$ily4 ,b %\ld "s hybrids be ! result1 z 9 all probability w be ! case1 ev5 ^! are mu* to be pref]r$ to ! common black bee--"s say 7see page #ec7 t !y are ev5 bett] ?an pure ,italians = honey-ga!r+1 b !y are m irascible4 ,?is c\rse is und\bt$ly 9 opposition to ! design ( ,nature to avoid int]bre$+1 b we f9d ev5 ,mr4 ,hunt] recomm5d+ x1 ?\gh %[+ 9 ano!r place t he p]ceives x to be a violation ( 8 law4 ,by comm5c+ ) two ,italian que5s !re might be m *ance giv5 ( escape f ! evil--if x really is an evil :5 n sev]al times repeat$4 ,von ,b]leps*1 h[ev]1 in=ms u ( ! foll[+ me?od1 devis$ by ,da! & o!rs1 by :i* ev5 ?is objection may be avoid$3-- ,:5 ! "y que5 has left ! cell1 %e is transf]r$ aft] =ty-eight h\rs1 or ev5 e>li]1 into a cell> or "s o!r d>k & cool place4 ,if ! drones1 by "o ( :i* ! impregnation is to be accompli%$1 are n among ! colony ( ! que51 !y also mu/ ( c\rse be ins]t$4 ,we n[ wait = a sunny day free f w9d1 :5 ! !rmomet] 9 ! %ade is at lea/ #ag above z]o #gj ,fahr42 ! bees 9 "q1 t[>ds five 9 ! aft]noon1 :5 drones h completely ceas$ f flight1 are fet*$ out ( _! prison1 & set up 9 any spot1 if possible :]e isolat$ & ) ! flight-hole expos$ to ! sun2 !n1 by means ( a small syr+e or 9 any o!r way1 direct "s liquid honey into ! flight-hole4 ,9 a m9ute or two ! bees w sport 9 numb]s 9 ! front1 & x w n be long be=e ! que5 & drones also fly out4 ,at ev5+ ! colony is br\ght back into cu/ody1 & ! manuvre is repeat$ till ! "y que5 has comm5c$ lay+1 or till h] accompli%$ fructification is made sure by expansion ( ! abdom51 or1 ^u return f a flight1 by hav+ ! m or less torn-(f drone p5is ^u h] extremity4 ,"s ess5tial p>ticul>s are n "h specifi$1 b we int]pret ! in/ructions to ref] to a nucleus hive 9 :i* ! que5 is hat*$ ) sev]al work]s1 b ) no drones pres5t except ^? specially introduc$4 ,by *oos+ ^!1 also f _! bir?1 f ! prog5y ( a diff]5t que5 f ! "m ( ! "o 9 ! nucleus1 all may app>5tly be made z /raight=w>d z c\ld be desir$4 ,ev5 ,von ,b]leps*1 :o is no fri5d to ! ,italians1 praises ?is me?od z a beautiful discov]y3 x dates only f #ahfg4 ,x4 ,,g5]al ,,h9ts ,,on ,,frame ,,hives4 ,x may n unnaturally be ask$ by "s1 ,:y all ?is tr\ble ab\t frame hives8 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 :o has c>efully read ! previ\s sections ( ?is *apt]1 & especially ^? on ,artificial ,sw>m+ & ,que5-,re>+1 c require any fur!r answ] to su* "q4 ,briefly1 frame hives /& immeasurably above o!rs f ! full comm& ov] ! bees :i* !y af=d4 ,! facility ( inspection = asc]ta9+ ! /r5g? ( ! colony or ! /ock ( its honey1 or = incid5tal purposes1 su* z ! detection ( disease & ! extirpation ( enemies su* z ! bee-mo?1 & aga9 ! facilities provid$ = giv+ v5tilation or = contract+ ! dim5sions to suit a small population1 are among ! m9or b /ill great advantages :i* ! use ( ^! hives secures4 ,9 skilful h&s ^! advantages may be us$ successfully2 ?\gh 9 ! h&s ( ! unpractis$ & unskilful ! contr>y may be ! result4 ,x is a great desid]atum t all ! b>s & frames 9 an api>y %\ld be ( precisely ! same dim5sions1 s z to fit e hive4 ,a hive t is weakly may (t5 be advantage\sly /r5g!n$ by hav+ put into x a comb ( brood f a popul\s /ock1 to :i* an empty frame f ! weak "o may be giv52 no bees mu/ be on ! brood-comb--^! %\ld be %ak5 (f or g5tly dislodg$ ) a fea!r into ! hive f :i* ! comb is tak54 ,! frames ( combs %\ld !n be1 "o by "o1 plac$ s z to fill 9 ! vacancy1 leav+1 ! empty frame ne>e/ ! side4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,bee ,j\rnal ( ,m>* #ahge1 ,mr4 ,c[an gives ! foll[+ excell5t description ( 8 sy/em ( work+ frame hives4 ,he says3 ,! me?od is v simple1 b is "o t requires mu* att5tion1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 well repaid by ! extra quantity ( honey obta9$4 ,! hives ,i use are ! t5-frame ,woodbury1 & ?irte5-frame on ! ,woodbury plan1 only long]4 ,9 ! autumn ,i transf] ! bees into clean hives & leave !m sev5 or eight frames1 & %\ld !y be %ort ( food or ( bees ,i add ^? ,i may take f ! cottag]s 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,i fe$ ) sug> & wat] ( ! /r5g? ( two p\nds ( sug> to a p9t ( wat] boil$ a few m9utes4 ,!y are f$ up to a weight ( ?irty p\nds4 ,dur+ w9t] !y h ample v5tilation--! hives be+ rais$ ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* f ! floor-bo>d1 & ! top bo>d is also rais$ ab\t ! same height1 s t !re is a con/ant curr5t ( air ?r\gh ! hive4 ,:ile ,i am on ! subject ( w9t]+ ,i may m5tion t ,i h tri$ sev]al plans4 ,) ! above ,i h always be5 free f m\ldy combs4 ,i h also tri$ w9t]+ )\t cr[n-bo>ds1 by m]ely plac+ an empty sup] on ! top1 & ,i h done s successfully--9 fact1 ! hive :i* produc$ ! l>ge/ quantity ( honey la/ ye> 0 w9t]$ 9 ?is way4 ,cond5s]s ,i h tri$1 b give ! pref]5ce to cr[n-bo>ds )\t !m4 ,i am try+ ! quilts on "s ( my hives1 b mu/ res]ve my op9ion ab\t !m until lat] on4 ,i g5]ally supply my bees ) pl5ty ( food 9 ! autumn1 s t !y require no fur!r att5tion until ab\t ! end ( ,febru>y1 :51 if ! wea!r is f9e1 ! bees are all ?or\ghly r\s$ into activity & induc$ to comm5ce & cont9ue bre$+ until ! honey-ga!r+ season comm5ces1 by :i* "t e frame 9 ! hive is fill$ ) brood1 & ! hives are s /rong t x is easy to make an artificial sw>m & to ensure a good supply ( honey besides4 ,if ! wea!r is f9e1 ab\t ! end ( ,febru>y 7or if cold1 !n ,i def] a little long]7 ! bees are transf]r$ into clean hives2 & 9 ?is way ,i get to "k ! exact /ate ( ! community4 ,n[ suppose x is a t5-frame ,woodbury hive4 ,i d n return ! :ole ( ! eight frames :i* ! bees _h = w9t]+ on1 b only f five to six ( ! c5tre ones1 & contract ! size ( ! hive to ! six frames4 ,i !n unseal ! honey-cells ( two ( ! frames1 & all[ ! honey to run d[n inside ! hive4 ,?is ?or\ghly r\ses ! bees2 & ! que5 at once beg9s to lay4 ,! runn+ honey is v soon collect$ & /or$2 & 9 a few days ,i d ! same ) a c\ple m frames1 & s on until all ! frames h be5 unseal$4 ,i f9d ?is a great advantage1 z mu* ( ! honey t has granulat$1 & :i* ! bees w n t\*1 is remov$ by !m out ( ! hive1 & gives !m increas$ space4 ,i n[ comm5ce v g5tle fe$+1 = :i* purpose ,i use ! v f9e /ra9]s f\nd 9 ,loysell's c(fee-p]colators1 & all[ ea* hive f a qu>t] to half a p9t ( food a day1 ( ! /r5g? ( ab\t ?ree p\nds ( sug> to a qu>t ( wat]4 ,:5 !re is seal$ brood 9 ?ree or f\r ( ! frames ,i add two m--mak+ eight--& s]ve !m 9 ! same mann] z ! re/2 !n :5 !re are six ) seal$ brood1 ! colony w be suffici5tly /rong to h ! rema9+ frames add$4 ,! same plan is adopt$ ) ! ?irte5-frame hive4 ,!y mu/ be con/antly wat*$ s z n to all[ !m to /ore too mu* food1 :i* w\ld dim9i% ! space = egg-lay+2 & if su* is f\nd to be ! case1 food %\ld be )held = a day or two1 or until !y are gett+ %ort ( x4 ,9 ?is way ,i keep !m go+ f day to day2 wat* !m c>efully1 or x might happ5 t a hive full ( bees--& at sw>m+ po9t--might1 if n wat*$ & suppli$ ) requisite food = exi/5ce1 sw>m or decamp4 ,s by ! "t !re is an abundance ( honey abroad ! hives are completely fill$ ) bees & conta9 brood 9 e frame hive2 & !n x is t ,i put on my sup]s & discont9ue /imulative fe$+4 ,9 ! place ( ! cr[n-bo>d ,i place a %eet ( five-?irty-second p]=at$ z9c1 & sup]s same size z hive & five in*es deep4 ,! sup]s are provid$ ) b>s :i* are sawn d[n ! c5tre1 enabl+ me to fix a /rip ( impress$ wax %eet )\t any difficulty4 ,! bees g5]ally take to ^! sup]s at once2 & 9 a day or two ! cr[n-bo>d ( sup] is remov$1 & ,i place a second sup] )\t top bo>d betwe5 ! fir/ "o & /ock hive4 ,! sup]s are also provid$ ) traps page #bja to enable bees to leave aft] !y h deposit$ _! load1 in/ead ( pass+ ?r\gh ! /ock hive4 ,n[ x sometimes happ5s t = "s days ! wea!r is f9e & ! bees beg9 /or+ a l>ge quantity ( honey 9 ! sup]s 7z !y h no room 9 ! /ock hive71 :5 sudd5ly ! wea!r *anges & cold sets 94 ,z soon z ?is happ5s ,i remove ! sup]s & wat* ! bees1 & if !y require small quantities ( food ,i give x !m1 & :5 ! f9e wea!r returns !y g aga9 into ! sup]s :5 replac$ on top4 ,9 ?is way x sometimes takes only a week to fill a ?irty-eight or =ty p\nd sup] ) "s ( ! be/ honey t c be obta9$ 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry ,hor%am4 ,i disc>d old que5s & g5]ally select "y & prolific egg-lay]s4 ,agree+ z we d v mu* ) ! h9ts ,mr4 ,c[an gives1 we comm5d !m to ! c>eful c>ry+ out ( intellig5t & pa9/ak+ api>ians4 ,,xi4 ,,remov+ ,,bees4 ,a v great advantage t frame hives af=d is ! safety & conv5i5ce ) :i* a /ock ( bees c be transport$ 9 !m to any "p ( ! k+dom or abroad3 by a few additional arrangem5ts /ocks h ev5 be5 s5t 9 !m to di/ant c\ntries4 ,9 _m di/ricts hives are remov$ to moors & hea?s 9 autumn1 = ! purpose ( ga!r+ hea!r honey4 ,9 ?is op]ation ! frames are a great support to ! combs1 v mu* less5+ ! risk ( a break-d[n & consequ5t loss4 ,! prop] c\rse to pursue 9 ?is case is to remove ! cr[n-bo>d1 & nail across f side to side two /rips ( wood ) small] pieces fa/5$ on !m s z to secure ea* frame 9 position4 ,!n nail a %eet ( p]=at$ z9c ov] ! top2 or 9 default ( t ! cr[n-bo>d may be screw$ d[n1 :51 if ! two /rips are n ov] an eigh? ,( an in* 9 ?ickness1 !y w secure v5tilation )\t all[+ ! bees to escape4 ,! combs mu/ be scrupul\sly c>ri$ l5g?ways1 or !y w break2 & if !y are new & ! wea!r is w>m1 ev5 ) t precaution any b ! mo/ c>eful h& c>riage is ne>ly c]ta9 to ru9 !m4 ,if n go+ f> x is be/ = ! hive to be borne betwe5 two2 b if ?is is impracticable ! vehicle us$ mu/ at any rate h spr+s4 ,x is mo/ urg5t 9 mak+ su* a transf] t ! mo/ ample v5tilation %\ld be all[$4 ,! bees are ( c\rse gorg$ at ! "t1 & 9 t condition !y are mo/ p>ticul>ly 9 ne$ ( air2 :ile on ! o!r h& ! fact ( _! imprisonm5t1 toge!r ) ! %ak+ att5dant on c>riage1 irritates !m & causes !m to make su* a commotion1 t )\t /r+5t precautions !y w\ld v probably be /ifl$1 & ( c\rse ! f9] ! colony ! great] is ! dang]4 ,) an ord9>y skep ?is supply ( air _c be ensur$ at ! top1 s t x becomes necess>y1 if ! j\rney is to la/ long] ?an an h\r or two1 to inv]t ! hive4 ,?is mu/ be done ) great caution & always 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! combs run4 ,a %eet ( p]=at$ z9c on a bo>d1 or a piece ( co>se canvas or *eese-clo?1 may !n be nail$ or o!rwise fa/5$ ) /r+ ov] ! base1 ?us tak+ ! place ( ! floor-bo>d1 & x is ne$less to say t ?is %\ld be done 9 su* a mann] t n a s+le bee c escape4 ,if ! j\rney is likely to be "o ( m ?an a few h\rs x w n d to employ any s(t mat]ial1 z x w\ld 9 t "t be gnaw$ ?r\gh2 b wire-clo? w\ld answ] z well z p]=at$ z9c4 ,z a prelim9>y to any remove1 smoke %\ld be bl[n 9 at ! entrance repeat$ly dur+ half an h\r1 aft] :i* x may be judg$ t all on ! w+ w h return$4 ,= c>ry+ a sw>m1 ei!r a skep or box or any?+ w s]ve1 & x mu/ be secur$ & c>ri$ m\? upw>ds 9 ! same way4 ,,xii4 ,,supply+ ,,natural ,,comb4 ,we h spok5 above 7page #ahg7 ( ! great value ( %eets or /rips ( wax = assi/+ ! bees 9 ! build+ ( _! combs4 ,b :51 ?r\gh ano!r hive hav+ lo/ its bees at an e>ly /age1 ! combs !mselves c be suppli$ !m 9 good & clean condition1 ! advantage is v mu* great]4 ,su* combs may be fix$ 9 frame hives exactly 9 ! same plan z is adopt$ on transf]r+ full honeycomb 7page #bbd74 ,g5]ally speak+ ! bee-keep] may be satisfi$ if he c simply ins]t pure :ite guide-comb ) :i* to />t ! bees4 ,e b>1 or if ! comb is n pl5tiful1 e o!r b>1 %\ld h a piece fix$ to x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,cut a piece ( clean empty comb ( ! requir$ size1 say two in*es squ>e1 n less2 heat a common flat iron1 ) :i* slightly w>m ! b>2 !n melt a little bees'-wax ^u x2 draw ! comb quickly ov] ! heat$ iron1 hold x d[n on ! c5tre ( ! b>1 giv+ a v slight movem5t backw>ds & =w>ds2 !n leave ! wax to gr[ cold1 &1 if clev]ly manag$1 ! guide w be f\nd firmly atta*$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! pit* or incl9ation ( ! comb is ! same z x is 9 ! hives--upw>ds f ! c5tre ( ea* comb4 ,:5 a hive has be5 9 use _m ye>s ! combs become v black1 & e bee t is br$ 9 a cell leaves a film beh9d4 ,x may be und]/ood h[ 9 ?is way ! cells become contract$1 & ! bees t are br$ 9 !m correspond+ly r$uc$ 9 size4 ,aft] ! lapse (1 say1 five ye>s x may be necess>y to beg9 remov+ ! old combs4 ,?is may be done by cutt+ away ! combs1 or by sub/itut+ an empty frame = "o ) old black comb1 gradually mov+ ! frames t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,by tak+ two away 9 ?is mann] 9 ! spr+ or summ] ( e season1 ! combs 9 c\rse ( five ye>s may all be recon/ruct$1 & fre% clean ones be secur$ = bre$+ 91 in/ead ( ! old black ones t o!rwise w\ld rema9 z long z ! /ock c\ld live 9 ! hive4 ,guide-combs c also be us$ ) glasses4 ,^! may be fill$1 ) great regul>ity1 by adopt+ ! foll[+ directions1 :i*1 we believe1 h nev] be=e appe>$ 9 pr9t3-- ,procure a piece ( clean1 new1 empty1 work] honeycomb1 :i* has n _h honey 9 x 7because honey w prev5t adhesion to ! glass72 cut x into pieces ( ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* squ>e4 ,g5tly w>m ! ext]ior ( ! glass 7?is we f9d is be/ done by hold+ ! glass horizontally = a %ort "t ov] ! flame ( a c&le72 !n apply "o ( ! pieces ( empty comb inside at ! "p w>m$1 tak+ c>e1 9 fix+ x1 t ! pit* or incl9ation ( ! cells is upw>ds--9 fact1 place ! guide-comb 9 ! same relative position t x occupi$ 9 ! hive or glass f :i* x 0 tak54 ,!re is "s dang] ( mak+ ! glass too w>m1 :i* w cause ! wax to melt & run d[n ! side1 leav+ an unsightly appe>ance on ! glass2 b a little exp]i5ce w enable ! op]ator to det]m9e ! degree ( w>m? suffici5t to make ! comb adh]e )\t any ( x be+ melt$4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to /ate t only ! v :ite/ combs ought to be us$4 ,a %ort "t %\ld be all[$ be=e *ang+ ! position ( ! glass1 s t x may cool suffici5tly to hold ! comb 9 its place4 ,six or eight pieces may ?us be fix$1 s t1 :5 ! glass is fill$1 x w pres5t a /> %ape1 all ! combs radiat+ f ! c5tre4 ,! annex$ illu/ration %[s ! appe>ance ( a glass z work$ by ! bees1 9 :i* guide-combs 7 fix$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above4 ,! draw+ 0 tak5 f a glass ( our own1 fill$ aft] be+ ?us furni%$4 ,9 ! ,old ,museum at ! ,royal ,g>d5s1 ,kew1 may be se5 a ,taylor's glass1 pres5t$ by u1 "s ( ! combs 9 :i* are elongat$ on ! outside to ! bread? ( six in*es4 ,illu/ration ,we believe t n only does a glass pres5t a mu* h&som] appe>ance :5 ?us work$--& w1 on t acc\nt1 mo/ fully rew>d ! tr\ble ( fix+ guide-comb--b t m honey is /or$ 9 ! same space & 9 less "t ?an if ! glass be m]ely plac$ on ! hive 9 a nak$ condition = ! bees to foll[ _! own c\rse4 ,?is mode ( fix+ guide-comb does n solely apply to ! above-%ap$ glass1 b is equally useful = all k9ds ( glasses4 ,x is introduc$ 9 connection ) ?is glass because1 f its hav+ a flat top & no knob1 ! regul>ity is m cle>ly app>5t4 ,! work+ ( bees 9 ! bell glasses illu/rates h[ tractable _! disposition really is if only scope is all[$ = ! due ex]cise ( _! natural in/9ct4 ,!y h no secrets 9 _! economy1 & !y d n %r9k f our con/ant obs]vation z !y daily pursue _! simple policy ( cont9u\s ?rift & p]sev]+ accumulation4 ,yet x is only ow+ to ! lab\rs ( successive inv5tors t we are n[ enabl$ to wat* ! v pulse ( ! ma*9e ( ! bee commonweal?4 ,long f ! eye ( man & face ( day1 ,involv$ 9 d>kness all _! cu/oms lay1 ,until a sage well v]s$ 9 ,nature's lore1 ,a g5ius =m$ all sci5ce to explore1 ,hives well contriv$ 9 cry/al frames dispos$1 ,& !re ! busy citiz5s disclos$4 ,murphy's ,vanire4 ,,xiii4 ,,apply+ ,,sup]s4 ,suppos+ ! hive to be a /ock 7page #ha71 ! sup] %\ld be appli$ at ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 say1 if f9e & w>m1 at ! latt] end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may2 b if ! wea!r is !n unfav\rable x is bett] to delay do+ s until a m g5ial temp]ature4 ,if ! colony is a sw>m ( ! pres5t ye>1 two or ?ree weeks %\ld be all[$ to elapse f ! "t ( t5ant+ a hive be=e putt+ on ! sup]2 ?is delay is necess>y to give ! bees ! opportunity ( build+ combs 9 _! new domicile1 & ( gett+ a /ore ( honey = !mselves be=e work+ = _! ma/]4 ,! exact "t#bh w1 h[ev]1 dep5d mu* ^u ! wea!r1 & ! same applies to ! subsequ5t "t occupi$ by ! bees 9 fill+ ! sup]4 ,!y w be ! m incit$ to comm5ce _! "w1 & hav+ comm5c$ to cont9ue x1 if "s w>m cov]+ is plac$ ov] ! glass2 at night1 :5 mu* comb-build+ goes on1 x is important to wrap x 9 flannel or wor/$1 or "s w>m mat]ial 7a baize bag is conv5i5t = bell glasses74 ,a fur!r inducem5t w be (f]$ by ! fix+ ( a piece ( comb to ! b>s or v5tilat+ tube1 z ! case may be4 ,! cells on ! outside or by ! w9d[ are always ! la/ to be fill$1 s t :5 ^! are seal$ ov] x is safe to conclude t ! re/ are also complete4 ,footnote #bh3 ,!re is ! nick ( "t be=e bees make _! int]nal arrangem5ts = sw>m+1 b ! difficulty is to "k precisely :5 ?is is4 ,:5 x is wi%$ to use a sup] ) a frame hive1 ! cr[n-bo>d or ro( ( ! /ock hive mu/ be tak5 away1 ! ?9 adapt+ or honey bo>d1 or p]=at$ z9c adapt]1 tak+ its place--except+ ( c\rse :]e ! cr[n-bo>d is provid$ ) op5+s = ! purpose4 ,! two long slits at ! sides are to give admission to ! sup]4 ,! bees w beg9 soon]1 & "w fa/]1 if ! b>s are ea* furni%$ ) guide-comb 7z describ$ 9 ! previ\s section74 ,combs t h be5 left unfill$ may be fix$ to ! b>s1 b ^! mu/ be :ite & clean1 z d>k comb %\ld n be us$ = sup] hives4 ,,xiv4 ,,remov+ ,,sup]s4 ,! op]ation ( tak+ honey is be/ p]=m$ on a f9e sunny day4 ,! combs may be extract$ s+ly1 if wi%$1 = consumption1 sub/itut+ an empty b> or comb2 or1 %\ld ! bee-keep] desire to see a h&some sup]1 he mu/ wait until ! bees h fill$ & seal$ up all ! combs1 & !n he may proce$ to disconnect ! sup]4 ,if a bell glass1 he w fir/ pass a table-knife r\nd x und]nea? ! rim2 !n ) a piece ( /r+ or f9e wire1 "o end 9 ea* h&1 he w v sl[ly sev] ! rema9+ connection ) ! bo>d1 s z to all[ ( ! bees gett+ out ( ! way4 ,wait an h\r or s = ! commotion to subside & to give ! bees "t to repair brok5 cells & suck up spilt honey4 ,!n raise ! glass & bl[ 9 a little smoke1 aft] :i* ! slide t closes ! ro( ( ! hive may be ins]t$1 & above x ano!r piece ( z9c t w cov] ! base ( ! sup] & hold ! bees 9 x close prison]s4 ,aft] hav+ conf9$ !m 9 ! glass = a %ort "t y mu/ see :e!r !y manife/ symptoms ( uneas9ess1 because1 if !y d n1 x may be conclud$ t ! que5 is among !m4 ,9 su* a case1 replace ! glass1 & recomm5ce ! op]ation on a future day4 ,x is n (t5 t h] maje/y is 9 ! depriv+-hive or glass2 b1 ?is circum/ance does sometimes happ51 & ! removal at su* a "t mu/ be avoid$4 ,:5 ! bees t are prison]s run ab\t 9 great confusion & re/lessness1 ! op]ator may conclude t ! que5 is abs5t1 & t all is "r4 ,! glass may be tak5 away a little di/ance (f1 & plac$ 9 a fl[]-pot or o!r receptacle1 :]e x w be safe :5 inv]t$ & ! t9 tak5 away2 ! bees w !n be glad to make _! escape back to _! hive4 ,a little tapp+ at ! sides ( ! glass w r5d] _! t>riance uncom=table1 & ! glass may !n be tak5 into a d>k5$ room or ou?\se1 ) only a small ap]ture admitt+ light1 :i* mu/ be op52 ! bees1 l all insects1 make t[>ds ! light1 & s escape 7see description ( ,bee-,traps1 ,*ap4 ,,iv4 xviii474 ,! bee-ma/] %\ld bru% !m (f ) a fea!r f ! comb z !y c be rea*$2 b on no acc\nt %\ld ! glass or o!r sup] be left expos$ & unwat*$1 because ! bees t h ! opportunity w gorge !mselves to _! full1 & spe$ily br+ a ho/ ( o!rs f ! adjac5t hives1 :o1 9 a v little "t1 w\ld leave only ! empty combs4 ,x is truly m>vell\s h[ soon !y w c>ry all ! /ore back aga91 if all[$ to d s4 ,unless ! honey season is ov]1 an empty glass %\ld be put on to ! hive 9 place ( ! full "o1 z x w attract ! bees up1 !reby prev5t+ ! too close cr[d+ ( ! hive1 & />t+ !m to "w m honeycomb4 ,if a b> or frame sup]1 ! fir/ process is ) a spatula to loos5 ! adapt+-bo>d f ! /ock hive aft] :i* ! /r+ is pass$ betwe5 !m z above1 putt+ 9 w$ges on ea* side to foll[ ! /r+4 ,! smok+ & expulsion ( ! bees foll[ z be=e4 ,ano!r sup] w take ! place ( ! "o remov$1 or else ! cr[n-bo>d mu/ be replac$4 ,"s api>ians1 h[ev]1 are ( op9ion t deprivation is m easily accompli%$ by disconnect+ ! sup] ov] night4 ,9 ?is case1 aft] smok+ ! bees1 w$ge ! sup] up all r\nd ab\t an in* f ! bo>d4 ,d ?is j be=e dusk1 & leave x s = ! night4 ,! op5+ 9 ! bo>d rema9s unclos$1 to all[ ( ! bees jo9+ ! /ock hive bel[1 :i* !y w naturally d = w>m?4 ,! sup] %\ld receive its usual cov]1 & q e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! bees are mu* ab\t1 x w be ready = removal4 ,! few bees t rema9 )9 may be spe$ily induc$ to quit4 ,) a sup] t has an op5+ at ! top x w be wor? :ile to ins]t ! nozzle ( a pair ( bell[s1 :5 a few puffs w be v efficaci\s 9 driv+ ! occupants out4 ,,xv4 ,,remov+ ,,frames4 ,x is well = a beg9n] to practise ! directions = op5+ & %utt+ up hives1 by us+ an empty hive until he becomes famili> ) ! h&l+ ( ! frames4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d is to loos5 ! cr[n-bo>d1 or lid1 ) a knife1 draw+ a piece ( /r+ und]nea? x1 to divide ! wax or cem5t ) :i* ! bees make all secure4 ,all ?is %\ld be done v sl[ly1 s z n to irritate ! bees4 ,9 hot wea!r ! cr[n-bo>d may be loos5$ by a lat]al movem5t2 b sometimes1 = want ( c>e1 ?is loos5+ ( ! lid di/urbs ! bees1 &1 z soon z x is remov$1 a numb] ( !m1 enrag$ !reby1 ru% out & attack ! op]ator4 ,especial c>e %\ld be tak5 n to prise ! lid upw>ds1 by way ( wr5*+ x (f1 = ! frames & combs are g5]ally secur$ !reto1 & !re is a liability ( r5d+ ! combs ) x2 ?is w greatly irritate ! bees1 & be o!rwise injuri\s4 ,:5 a hive ( bees is really enrag$ !re is little *ance ( pacify+ !m2 if ! fir/ tok5s ( ang] _c be appeas$ x is be/ to give 9 at once1 & n attempt to p]=m any op]ation1 b to %ut ! hive up & beat a retreat1 b5efit+ by ! exp]i5ce 9 ord] to d bett] a day or s aft]w>ds4 ,!re are v>i\s devices = intimidat+ or conciliat+ ! bees1 & "o ( ^!1 already spok5 (1 is smoke4 ,s next "t ! exp]im5t] makes 8 attempt let him raise ! lid an in* or s1 & bl[ a few puffs ( smoke into ! hive1 :i* w cause ! bees to retreat4 ,previ\s to ?is he may give a puff or two at ! entrance1 :i* w help to produce ! quiet+ effect4 ,?is is be/ done by us+ our tube fumigator1 ) a little ( ! prep>$ fungus light$4 ,pipes or cig>s are n conv5i5t to use = ?is purpose :5 ! head is envelop$ 9 ! dress4 ,z soon z ! lid is remov$ a few bees w fly out to le>n ! cause ( su* an int]f]5ce4 ,conciliation %\ld !n be (f]$ by hav+ at h& a little sweet5$ wat]1 :i* may be spr9kl$1 or r let drop1 f a fea!r or a bru%4#bi ,! sudd5 motion ( ! h& requir$ 9 ! act ( spr9kl+ irritates ! bees1 s t1 in/ead ( mak+ !m our fri5ds1 !y may become our foes4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? recomm5ds t a f9e wat]+-pot1 conta9+ sweet5$ wat]1 be us$ = ! purpose4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to dr5* ! bees2 only j suffici5t %\ld be giv5 to run d[n ! sides ( ! combs1 z well z spr9kle ! top4 ,z soon z ! insects really und]/& t syrup is be+ giv5 !m1 !y fea/ ^u x1 in/ead ( angrily attack+ ! op]ator4 ,?us pacifi$1 & ) g5tle treatm5t1 b little difficulty w be f\nd 9 proce$+ ) ! "w requir$4 ,b ! unskill$ op]ator %\ld on no acc\nt neglect to put on a bee dress & gloves1 z describ$ above4 ,we w\ld err on ! side ( caution1 al?\gh !re is an old say+ t a cat 9 gloves cat*es no mice2 & ! api>ian w f9d t 8 f+]s are n s free to "w z he w\ld l1 = gloves make !m r clumsy 9 draw+ up ! frames4 ,footnote #bi3 ,an objection to1 ?is is t robb] bees are liable to be attract$ f surr\nd+ hives4 ,^! mu/ n[ be g5tly pris$ up f front to re>2 ?is may be done ) a small screw-driv] or o!r /\t in/rum5t ) a w$g$ end to g into ! not*es4 ,!y fit loosely s z to p]mit ( a slight movem5t f back to front2 a lat]al or sideway movem5t might kill ! que51 or1 if n s fatal z t1 might cru% "s ( ! bees & injure ! brood combs1 :i* mu/ be c>efully avoid$4 ,( c\rse mu* dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! op]ation t has to be p]=m$1 :e!r or no all ! frames %\ld be ?us loos5$4 ,if x be = mak+ artificial sw>ms1 or = any purpose t requires an int]view ) h] maje/y1 ! :ole ( !m mu/ be loos5$1 because x may happ5 t all ! combs h to be exam9$1 sometimes twice ov]1 be=e %e c be discov]$4 ,bees are v apt to build _! combs 9 a slightly wav+ =m1 & 9 extract+ "o x w be ne$ful to make room bo? = ! comb & bees ^u x to pass )\t scrap+ ! next comb1 & !re w be a difficulty if ! api>ian attempts to draw out "o comb :il/ ! o!r frames are locat$ 9 _! appropriate places4 ,:]e a dummy frame is provid$ ! op]ation becomes simple2 b if !re is none1 let ! op]ator g5tly proce$ to lift1 say1 ! ?ird frame slightly ne>] to ! f\r? frame 7all[+ x to lodge on ! little block t divides ! not*es71#cj & ! second ne>] ! ?ird1 s z to admit ( suffici5t space to lift out ! end "o4 ,v c>efully & sl[ly he %\ld lift ! frame by tak+ hold1 ) ?umb & f+]1 ( ! project+ %\ld]s t re/ 9 ! not*2 & he mu/ n let x t\* or scrape ! next frame or ! sides ( ! hive1 s z to cru%1 or irritate any bees4 ,footnote #cj3 ,_m hives are n[ made )\t not*es1 s t x is necess>y only to slide ! frames4 ,aft] ! end comb is ?us remov$ x w be easy to extract ! o!rs1 z !re w n[ be pl5ty ( room = draw+ !m out4 ,if ! b>-frame hold] 7page #aib7 is n at h& an empty hive ( ! same size w s]ve2 & c>e %\ld be tak5 t ea* comb occupies ! same relative position t x did 9 ! hive s t ! same ord] may be aft]w>ds reta9$ :5 !y are replac$4 ,9 h&l+ ! frames x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t !y are to be held p]p5dicul>ly4 ,to ga9 a view ( bo? sides ( ! comb :5 se>*+ = ! que51 or = any purpose requir+ full inspection1 ! rev]se side may1 ) a little dext]ity 9 twirl+ ! frame r\nd1 be br\ght to face ! op]ator1 )\t lett+ ! comb break away by its own weight & s fall out ( ! frame1 :i* x may d if all[$ to deviate f its upright or d[nright position4 ,if ! beg9n] c\ld see an exp]i5c$ p]son p]=m ! op]ation he w\ld quickly und]/& h[ combs may ?us be h&l$ )\t any risk ( a sma%4 ,! bee-keep] %\ld be on 8 gu>d n to tempt ! av>ice ( bees by expos+ honey1 ei!r 9 ! comb or liquid1 & also to be v t>dy ( op5+ frame hives 9 ! spr+ or autumn4 ,if ne$ful to d s1 soon aft] sunrise is ! safe/1 because !re w be few bees ab\t1 & ! hive %\ld be tak51 if conv5i5t1 to a quiet corn] ( ! g>d51 _m y>ds away f ! o!r hives1 & :at is requisite done spe$ily1 s z n to expose ! honey to ! sc5t ( a ho/ ( robb]s1 :o w mo/ unc]emoni\sly pillage & cause a t]rible commotion4 ,:5 replac+ frames 9 ! hive1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to cru% a bee1 & on no acc\nt mu/ ! frame be let d[n ) a j]k1 or ! insects w become exce$+ly fi]ce2 x %\ld be s sl[ly deposit$ 9 its place t a bee on feel+ ! slighte/ pressure may be able to escape unhurt4 ,! cr[n-bo>d %\ld be replac$ by fir/ re/+ its front edge along ! back1 & !n slid+ x =w>d1 s t any bee ^u x is pu%$ away in/ead ( be+ cru%$4 ,%\ld ! hive h its sup] on1 ! same directions may be foll[$4 ,! sup] ) its honey-bo>d may be bodily tak5 away1 & s plac$ & conf9$ = a "t t robb] bees _c f9d an entrance1 & also be f> en\gh f ! api>ian to be out ( dang] ( be+ brok5 or ov]turn$ by him4 ,x w be sometimes f\nd1 9 cases 9 :i* ! bees h n _h suffici5t /orage-room1 t !y h c>ri$ _! build+ op]ations outside & above ! frames1 or across f comb to comb4 ,su* cells mu/ be sev]$ & ! mat]ials melt$ d[n = wax4 ,!re are also cases 9 :i* f9e :ite combs ( honey c be tak5 f ! end frames ( ! /ock hive2 b probably n m ?an "o comb c\ld be remov$ 9 a season )\t impov]i%+ ! bees4 ,,xvi4 ,,extract+ ,,honey4 ,^? ( our read]s :o pref] eat+ run honey to honey 9 ! comb may be glad ( "s in/ruction z to ! be/ me?od ( sep>at+ ! two4 ,beyond all "q !y w f9d ?is 9 ! use ( ! honey-extractor 7page #aic71 b 9 default ( su*1 & = extract+ honey f combs made 9 sup]s1 ! foll[+ %\ld be ! c\rse pursu$3-- ,take a %>p knife1 & slice ! combs on bo? sides1 keep+ ! knife p>allel ) ! p>tition wall1 s t e cell may be laid op54 ,place ^! brok5 combs 9 a sieve1 or on a piece ( musl9 /ret*$ across & ti$ r\nd ! op5+ ( a pan or l>ge-m\!d j>4 ,all[ ! honey to fl[ out ( ! combs spontane\sly1 & res]ve ! squeez+ process = a sep>ate j>1 s t ! honey ( ! fir/-dra9$ j> may be p]fectly pure1 bo? 9 appe>ance & flav\r4 ,t :i* has pressure put on x w be waxy 9 flav\r & ?ick4 ,"s p]sons recomm5d t ! op5$ combs be plac$ 9 ! sun1 z ! heat w cause ! honey to run m freely4 ,! great disadvantage ( ?is is ! temptation ! honey (f]s to bees1 :o w be eag] to ga9 a %>e4 ,honey1 :il/ 9 ! combs1 keeps rem>kably well :5 left 9 ! sup]s2 if cut out1 ! combs %\ld be fold$ 9 writ+ pap]1 & seal$ up1 s z to effectually prev5t ! free entrance ( air2 !y %\ld !n be plac$ 9 a w>m dry closet4 ,,xvii4 ,,melt+ ,,combs ,,d[n4 ,comb = :i* !re is no use z su* %\ld be melt$ d[n into cake wax4 ,brood comb :i* has und]gone its five ye>s or s ( s]vice w probably n repay ! tr\ble1 & %\ld !re=e be ?r[n away4 ,b if 9 good condition x %\ld be put into a clean saucepan ) pl5ty ( s(t wat]1 & g5tly boil$ or simm]$ ov] a cle> fire till x is melt$1 :51 ! wax w rise to ! top4 ,x mu/ !n be run ?r\gh a /ra9] 7nev] m9d a little wat] go+ ) x7 into a /onew>e or e>!n pan1 ! sides ( :i* h beep greas$ to prev5t adhesion4 ,! refuse is !n collect$ 9 a co>se bag & boil$ aga91 a flat iron or o!r heavy weight be+ plac$ ^u x to hold x d[n1 & a plate or o!r false bottom b5ea? x to prev5t its burn+4 ,by work+ ?is ab\t ) a rod or ladle a quantity m ( wax w be br\ght out f x1 & m /ill by apply+ to ! bag a wet roll+-p9 ^u a bo>d also wet2 ! additional wax ?us obta9$ may be add$ to ! o!r1 & ! :ole boil$ aga9 ) a v little clean wat] & ov] a sl[ fire4 ,skim (f ! dross z fa/ z x appe>s1 & !n p\r ! :ole aga9 into ! greas$ pan1 &1 aft] lett+ x cool sl[ly1 scrape (f ! settl+s4 ,! above is 9 ! ma9 ,mr4 ,*e%ire's me?od4 ,ano!r is t ( ,mr4 ,payne1 :o w\ld p\r ! orig9al boil into a canvas bag ( ab\t a qu>t1 :i* %\ld be laid on an incl9$ bo>d 9 a tub1 ) cold wat] 9 x bel[ ! rea* ( ! bag2 !n1 apply+ ! roll]1 ! wax is all express$ at "o process1 & may be collect$ on ! wat] & boil$ aga9 z be=e4 ,! op]ation mu/ be c>ri$ on :]e ! bees w n be able to get admittance1 or ! od\r w br+ !m 9 great numb]s4 ,virg9 comb1 be+ free f cocoons or o!r rubbi%1 w n require ! squeez+ process1 b may simply be melt$ into ! pan1 gradually cool$1 & melt$ aga94 ,if ! cool+ is artificially delay$ ! wax w be all ! cle>]4 ,if blea*+ is desir$1 melt x aga9 & p\r x out s z to =m ?9 /reams or plates1 & !n lay ^! = a few days 9 ! sun2 take c>e h[ev] t !y are n melt$4 ,,xviii4 ,,weigh+ ,,hives4 ,"o ( ! mo/ effectual modes ( asc]ta9+ ! condition ( a hive is by weigh+ x4 ,su* k is mo/ important at ! close ( ! ga!r+ season1 9 ord] t ! bee-keep] may det]m9e :e!r he ought to give 8 bees artificial food to enable !m to live ?r\gh ! dre>y w9t]4 ,a k ( ! num]ical /r5g? ( ! colony is also useful 9 enabl+ ! bee-keep] to decide :i* hives w be b5efit$ by be+ jo9$ toge!r1 on ! me?od expla9$ 9 ! article on ,unit+ ,hives4 ,illu/ration ,a hive c v easily be weigh$ if a ,salt]'s spr+ balance be susp5d$ ne> ! api>y4 ,! hive1 hav+ a /rap or cord pass$ "u & ov] x1 cross+ at "r angles on ! top1 may be hook$ on to ! balance1 s t ! weight w be indicat$ on ! dial4 ,! annex$ illu/ration repres5ts a tripod /&1 ) a weigh+-ma*9e ( ! above-nam$ con/ruction1 to :i* a hive ) a sup] is atta*$4 ,su* an arrangem5t w be f\nd conv5i5t = ^? bee-keep]s :o may n possess suitable %$s 9 _! g>d5s :]e a hive c\ld be ?us susp5d$ f a beam4 ,to prev5t ! hive be+ sway$ to & fro by ! w9d1 ?ree cords 7ge> ropes7 might be atta*$ !refrom to ! ?ree legs ( ! /&4 ,! height ( su* a /& ne$ n exce$ f\r feet4 ,?is contrivance is bo? portable & simple1 & c be us$ f "t to "t2 or1 if ! api>ian desires to h ! hive con/antly susp5d$1 a wat]-pro( cov]+ might easily be made to drop ov]1 & adapt$ s z to admit ( be+ rais$ occasionally = asc]ta9+ ! weight %[n on ! dial4 ,mu* int]e/ might be d]iv$ by wat*+ ! daily or h\rly increas+ /ore br\ght into a hive dur+ ! ga!r+ season4 ,mr4 ,george ,fox1 ( ,k+sbridge1 & ,mr4 ,s4 ,bevan ,fox1 ( ,exet]1 h = "s ye>s ea* kept "o /ock atta*$ to a ,salt]'s ,circul> ,spr+ ,balance1 susp5d$ f a beam "u a %$1 &1 f exp]i5ce1 f\nd t f a hive s balanc$ a crit]ion may be =m$ ( :at o!r hives 9 ! api>y are do+ ?r\gh ! day4 ,"s int]e/+ obs]vations h be5 made ^u ?is po9t4 ,b>on von ,b]leps* has _h /ocks :i* br\ght 9 twelve p\nds ( honey 9 a day2 ,kad] 9 ,m5tz _h days :5 "o /ock br\ght tw5ty-"o p\nds2 ,pa/or ,/e9 9 ,m5tz _h days :5 "o /ock br\ght tw5ty-eight p\nds4 ,! sap :i* a bee's honey-bag holds weighs b a gra91 s t ! bees1 9 ?is la/ case1 mu/ h made 9 "o day ov] #afj1jjj j\rneys4 ,_m +5i\s contrivances w1 no d\bt1 sugge/ !mselves = ! obs]vation ( hives 9 ?is mann]4 ,= in/ance1 in/ead ( ! cord be+ ti$ r\nd ! hive1 ?ree or f\r /rong irons1 ) a screw at "o end & a r+ at ! o!r 7kn[n by ironmong]s z eyes71 c\ld be screw$ into ! floor-bo>ds1 to :i* ! atta*m5ts might be made fa/4 ,x w sc>cely be necess>y to h9t t great c>e is necess>y t full provision %\ld be made securely to support ! increas+ weight2 a fall w\ld be mo/ ru9\s1 & t]ribly enrage ! bees4 ,! weight ( ! hive %\ld be m>k$ on x :5 empty1 s t ! exact am\nt ( its cont5ts may at any "t be asc]ta9$4 ,exp]i5c$ api>ians are able to judge ( ! weight ( a hive by lift+ x a few in*es f ! /&2 or by look+ 9 at ! w9d[ ( a /ock hive a conclusive op9ion may be =m$ z to ! /ate ( ! colony4 ,if ! combs )9 view be well fill$ & seal$1 x w be safe to consid] t ! hive conta9s suffici5t /ores to c>ry ! bees ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,,xix4 ,,fe$+4 ,! bee-keep]1 aft] ! honey h>ve/1 %\ld asc]ta9 ! /ate ( ! /ock hive1 because x sometimes happ5s t hives :i* 7 v /rong & productive dur+ summ] h be5 left poorly (f = ! w9t]4 ,! bees1 no d\bt "u ! impression t ^? nicely fill$ sup]s w\ld prove to !m an ample su/5ance1 h giv5 up ! :ole /ock hive to ! que5 = bre$+4 ,if ?is be n look$ aft] & rectifi$ ! colony w />ve (f2 or possibly on "s mild day 9 w9t]--ev5 be=e all is exhau/$--!y w decamp z if = a sw>m4 ,! api>ian mu/ !re=e asc]ta9 ! /ate ( ! /ock hive at ,mi*aelmas by means ( a weigh+ ma*9e4 ,! weight1 exclusive ( ! hive1 ought to be f tw5ty to tw5ty-f\r p\nds1 & if n s1 ! bees mu/ be f$ till t weight is rea*$4 ,?is is done by ! fe$]s above describ$ 7page #bjb71 f :i* !y suck ! syrup z if honey-ga!r+1 & !n /ore x away1 a qu>t 9 a day or s4 ,! "t ( do+ ?is %\ld n be def]r$ lat]1 z x is important t ! food %\ld be plac$ 9 ! cells & seal$ up1 & !y _c secrete ! wax = ?is purpose )\t a w>m temp]ature2 if x rema9$ unseal$ x w\ld be liable to turn s\r & cause disease4 ,aga91 at mid-w9t] & 9 v cold wea!r1 bees1 ?\gh !y nev] become torpid l wasps1 are 9 a /ate ( dormant inactivity f :i* x is bett] n to ar\se !m4 ,on ! return ( spr+ x w aga9 be ess5tial to att5d to fe$+ ! bees1 & ?is precaution mu/ be ex]cis$ till ,may1 :5 !y w be able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,a little food 9 ! spr+1 ev5 :5 ! /ore is n all exp5d$1 is ( value z /imulat+ ! que5 to lay m abundantly1 = bees are provid5t & d n re> ! "y rapidly :5 supplies are %ort4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> _! intellig5ce is v /rik+2 !y h ne$$ no ,mal?us to tea* !m t ! means ( subsi/5ce mu/ regulate ! increase ( population4 ,"p ( ! wondr\s :ole by ,heav5 design$1 ,ble/ ) "s portion ( e!real m9d1#ca ,! presci5t female re>s h] t5d] brood ,9 /rict proportion to ! ho>d$ food4 ,evans4 ,footnote #ca3 ,8 quidam signis1 atque hc exempla secuti1 ,esse apibus p>tem div9 m5tis1 et hau/us !reos dix]e4--,virgil1 ,g4 iv4 #bai4 ,judgm5t has1 h[ev]1 to be ex]cis$ to avoid ov]-fe$+1 or else s _m cells w be fill$ ) honey t ! que5 c f9d none 9 :i* to deposit h] eggs1 & ?us ! progress ( ! hive w be s]i\sly int]f]$ )4 ,x may also lead to ! =mation ( drone cells--a ?+ to be avoid$ "u any circum/ances4 ,b if ! hive is ?or\ghly impov]i%$ a m rapid process ( fe$+ becomes necess>y1 & ! honey %\ld be p\r$ betwe5 ! combs4 ,! bees w lick ea* o!r clean aft] ?is4 ,a v good syrup c be made by boil+ ?ree p\nds ( loaf sug> ) ne>ly two p9ts ( wat]4 ,sug>-c&y & b>ley-sug> h also be5 ea* highly recomm5d$ = w9t] & e>ly spr+ fe$+1 :5 small pieces c easily be pu%$ 9 at ! top ( ! /ock hive a little at a "t4 ,!y h ! advantage ( be+ unlikely to turn s\r or to cause dys5t]y1 z liquid food does :5 ! bees are conf9$ by bad wea!r4 ,x is ( ! mo/ urg5t importance t ! bees %\ld h wat] suppli$ !m z soon z lay+ recomm5ces1 :i* %\ld be e>ly 9 ,janu>y2 if ! wea!r is su* z to prev5t _! leav+ ! hive1 !y mu/ h x giv5 !m )94 ,= prep>+ ! n\ri%m5t = ! brood1 says ,dzi]zon1 wat] is to ! bees indisp5sable4 ,soon] c\ld !y disp5se = a consid]able "t ) poll54 ,x is also ne$ful to !m = ! prep>ation ( wax1 &1 adds ! same writ]1 :5 ! egg-lay+ comm5ces1 "s am\nt ( wax is usually produc$ equally soon1 ! bees requir+ x = ! cov]+ ( ! brood cells4 ,= a d\ble reason !re=e wat] mu/ be suppli$ !m2 b 9 _! eag]ness to obta9 x !y are (t5 dr[n$1 s t ,x is well to give x !m 9 %all[ vessels conta9+ pebbles = !m to alight on4 ,salt also1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 is eag]ly p>tak5 ( dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! bre$+ season till ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 aft] :i* !y seem :olly indiff]5t to x4 ,su* are ! in/ructions = ! regul> process ( fe$+1 ?\gh ev5 ?is1 ) good managem5t1 %\ld n be ne$$ unless 9 exceptional circum/ances4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ 9 ! section on ,sw>m+ t a supply ( food is advisable at su* occasions also1 b ?is is b an incid5tal trifle z comp>$ ) ! o!r4 ,! task ( br++ a hive safely ?r\gh ! w9t] w und\bt$ly dismay "s ( ! inexp]i5c$1 & p]haps incl9e !m to a pref]5ce = ! fire-&-brim/one quiet]s4 ,b a little att5tion to directions at ! fir/ w soon make ! process tol]ably simple2 :ile z to ! relative pr(its ( ! two me?ods1 x mu/ be recollect$ t ! honey left 9 ! /ock hive = w9t] su/5ance is n mu* ( x ( a saleable quality1 & ! value ( x & ( any extra syrup suppli$ w be f> m ?an made up :5 9 ,may a sw>m comes (f1 & two colonies are possess$ :]e on ! old sy/em !re w\ld h be5 none at all4 ,,xx4 ,,w9t] ,,precautions4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! is ! "o discuss$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al o!r po9ts :i* x is ( consequ5ce = ! api>ian to obs]ve4 ,fir/ ( all ! hive itself mu/ be suitably protect$ aga9/ climate1 & if x be n ( a description adapt$ to pres]ve w>m?1 a transf] mu/ be made to "o t is4 ,matt+ or o!r f5cework may be erect$ to keep (f pi]c+ w9ds1 & hay b&s may be w\nd ar\nd ! hives4 ,"s hives con/ruct$ ,( glass are unsuit$ = w9t] occupation--ev5 :5 kept )9 doors success is difficult & d\btful4 ,!y mu/ be well wrapp$ up & cov]$ 91 & yet v5tilation be all[$1 = unless ! moi/ure c pass (f x w cond5se ^u ! inside ( ! glass1 ?us caus+ ! combs to gr[ m\ldy & directly int]f]+ ) ! heal? ( ! bees4 ,! use ( su* hives z ! unicomb is be/ re/rict$ to f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>1 :5 bees are mo/ active & int]e/+ 9 _! op]ations4 ,an artificial sw>m %\ld be put into su* a hive 9 ,may or ,june1 & tak5 out aga9 9 ,septemb]--nev] lat]1 = !re are (t5 cold nights 9 ,octob]1 :51 ! bees & brood be+ 9 ne> contact ) ! glass1 & n be+ able to clu/] z is _! natural wont1 !y suff] greatly f ! v>iations ( temp]ature4 ,! population ( ea* hive mu/ also be well look$ to1 & if ne$ful ! unit+ processes 7page #bbi7 mu/ be c>ri$ out be=e ! ,mi*aelmas fe$+4 ,hives t are to be s unit$ %\ld be gradually br\ght ne> toge!r1 if n s already4 ,! inn]mo/ combs1 hav+ be5 ! ones mo/ employ$ = bre$+1 w n[ be ! ones lea/ occupi$ ) honey4 ,x is !re=e advisable to transpose !m ) full] ones1 9 ord] to keep ! bees clu/]$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,!y mu/ n1 h[ev]1 h drone comb ?us giv5 !m4 ,9 ord] to give !m communication ?r\gh ! combs1 ! api>ian %\ld1 says ,lang/ro?1 late 9 ! fall1 cut ) a p5knife a hole an in* 9 diamet] 9 ! c5tre ( ea* comb1 ab\t "o-?ird f ! top4 ,?is is = ! purpose ( all[+ ! bees 9 cold wea!r to move 9 a body1 )\t go+ outside ! frames1 f combs :]e !y h consum$ ! food to o!rs t h honey )9 rea*4 ,v5tilation is ( great mom5t1 b if ! hive all[s ( its be+ giv5 at ! top1 ! entrance may !n be n>r[$ s z only j to give free passage to ! bees4 ,holes ! size ( a p9's head w all[ ! moi/ure to escape1 & ^! mu/ be reop5$ z fa/ z !y are propolis$ by ! bees4 ,! occurr5ce ( a ?aw is ! "t :5 v5tilation is ne$$ 9 its highe/ degree4 ,x is a good plan to place a bell glass ov] ! hole 9 ! cr[n-bo>d ( a wood5 hive1 ) a z9c tr\gh r\nd x to receive ! cond5s$ moi/ure4 ,x is also requisite to clean ! floor-bo>d1 say 9 ,febru>y2 b 9 ?is & o!r op]ations ! bees %\ld n be di/urb$1 = if !y leave ! hive :5 !y are unable to fly prop]ly1 z is ! case 9 v cold wea!r1 !y are likely to be lo/4 ,:at fur!r directions belong to ?is head w be f\nd 9 ! next *apt] "u ,diseases & ,enemies4' ,mr4 ,lang/ro? has ?is compreh5sive s5t5ce1 ! italics 9 :i* are 8 own4 ,if ! colonies are /rong 9 numb]s & /ores1 h upw>d v5tilation1 easy communication f comb to comb1 & wat] :5 ne$$1 & ! hive entrances are %elt]$ f pi]c+ w9ds1 !y h all ! conditions ess5tial to w9t]+ successfully 9 ! op5 air4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,miscellane\s ,,in=mation4 ,i4 ,,/+s3 ,,_! ,,prev5tion ,,& ,,cure4 ,,"s ( our read]s may deem u neglectful 9 hav+1 z x 71 left !m to /ruggle ?r\gh _! bee-keep+ novitiate )\t in=m+ !m h[ to avoid ! annoyance ( /++ f _! docile b well-arm$ flock4 ,( c\rse1 hav+ describ$ ! bee dress1 we h suppos$ t ! api>ian 0 clad1 if n 9 complete /eel1 at lea/ 9 ! head-ge> & gloves1 :i* w r5d] him invuln]able4 ,! be/ safegu>d f ! ang] ( bees--z1 inde$1 f ! malice ( m5--is a quiet & peaceable _s4 ,nev] /rike at a s+le "o4 ,! api>ian w le>n to h&le 8 bees n only z if he lov$ !m--z ! qua9t angl] says--b z if he fully believes t ! bees love him4 ,?is !y w d :5ev] he approa*es & treats !m g5tly4 ,!re are "s cases ( exception to ?is g5]ally peaceable disposition ( ! bee2 p]*ance a few bees are dyspeptic1 & refuse to be pacifi$1 let _! ma/] seek to bribe !m nev] s wisely4 ,!n1 too1 sometimes ! bee-ma/] himself may be dyspeptic1 :i* ! un]r+ olfactory s5se ( ! bees spe$ily detects1 & _! ang] is imm$iately ar\s$4 ,"s few p]sons1 ow+ to con/itutional peculi>ities 9 _! brea? or ins5sible p]spiration1 are objects ( con/ant animosity ) bees1 :o1 by driv+ !m f ! api>y1 are giv+ a physician's advice )\t *>ge = a fee4 ,"s ( ! *oice/ p]fumes us$ by ladies are (f5sive to bees2 & "o may feel v c]ta9 t ! f9e puss g5tleman1 :o disgu/$ ! brave ,hotspur ) 8 p\ncet-box & praise ( 'p>maceti = an inw>d bruise1 w\ld h be5 spe$ily driv5 f an api>y 9 ignom9i\s flight4 ,= ! same reason !y w f]oci\sly1 & p]haps fatally1 attack a sweaty horse1 :ile !y appe> to h an equal antipa?y to dogs4 ,! h& %\ld n be wav$ ne> !m 9 spr9kl+1 z has already be5 rem>k$2 nor %\ld !y s mu* z be po9t$ at :5 dispos$ to be out ( temp]4 ,above all1 says ,mr4 ,cotton1 nev] bl[ at !m2 !y w try to /+ directly if y d4 ,! di/+ui%$ success ( ,burn5s 9 8 exam9ations 0 attribut$ 9 "p by ,hub] to 8 p[] ( repress+ 8 respiration4 ,confid5ce is ano!r important specific3 if a p]son cov]s 8 face ) 8 h&s ! bees w attack & worry him at once & p]si/5tly2 :ile a bee t is incl9$ to /+ w (t5 pref] a p]son :o is wat*+ at a suppos$ safe di/ance1 judg+ su* p]son afraid1 & probably also see+ him bett]4 ,aga91 :5 once a bee has /ung1 ! sc5t ( ! poison has an infuriat+ effect ^u o!rs2 !re=e1 says ,butl]1 y _h be/ be pack+ z fa/ z y c4 ,hfl]1 :o liv$ 9 ! same c5tury1 gives ! advice1 ,nev] approa* ! bees ) y\r hat (f2 = a bee :i* may *ance to h settl$ ^u ! head becomes easily entangl$ 9 ! hair1 gr[s angry1 /+s1 & moreov] calls o!rs to its aid by its hiss+ passionate note4 ,!y h a dislike = wooll5 gloves1 also to "s k9ds ( lea!r ones4 ,if us$ to att5dants 9 light clo!s x is said !y w attack a visitor ^: dress is d>k4 ,electricity 9 ! air appe>s also to ruffle !m2 & :5 kept at home by ra91 or at night or e>ly morn+1 !y w res5t any int]f]5ce4 ,9 v hot wea!r1 too1 ^? inside ! hive are sure to be 9 a bad hum\r4 ,von ,b]leps* /ates t to di/urb ! combs at su* a "t may p]haps1 by break+ !m1 ev5 cause a civil w> 9 ! hive1 z once happ5$ to himself :5 exhibit+ an ,italian que5 & brood to "s ov]-curi\s tyros1 & :51 out ( "s sev5ty or eighty ?\s& bees1 "o-half 7 sla9 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r4 ,la/ly1 !y are 9 a /++ mood :5 !y are que5less & be=e !y h got ov] ! agitation2 also :5 9 excitem5t dur+ h] maje/y's nuptial excursion4 ,! be/ "t to *oose = op]ations is :51 ) ! hive 9 a normal condition & ! wea!r agreeable1 ! great mass ( ! old] bees are out ^u ! w+4 ,x is ^! t !re is ! pr9cipal occasion to fe>4 ,occasionally ev5 a skilful ap>ian may inadv]t5tly1 cru% a s+le bee2 su* a mis*ance is detect$ by ! :ole community ) mu* m facility ?an by any cr[n]'s que/1 & _! prompt v]dict decrees ! summ>y puni%m5t ( ! (f5d]4 ,!re w\ld be mu* less fe> ( /+s if x 7 always rememb]$ t bees are nev] aggressive4 ,def5ce1 n defiance1 is _! motto4 ,!y sc>cely ev] attempt to /+ :5 away f ! hive1 & v seldom inde$ at ! "t ( sw>m+1 = !n !y are gorg$ ) honey4 ,:5 mole/$ by angry bees1 d n attempt to beat !m (f2 ! safe/ & be/ retreat is a gre5 bu%4 ,?ru/ y\r head into ?is1 or1 if no su* refuge is ne>1 9 an em]g5cy ?r[ y\rself on ! gr\nd1 &1 ) face d[nw>ds1 ! bees w soon leave y4 ,yet "s p appe> to ?9k !y mu/ inevitably be /ung if !y1 m$dle ) bees1 & = _! sakes x is ne$ful to expla9 :y x is t a /+ is pa9ful1 & h[ ! w\nd inflict$ by ! bee may be cur$4 ,! weapon1 z we see x ) our nak$ eye--f9] ?an a ne$le's po9t--is only ! %ea?1 :i* l5g!ns or contracts l ! tubes ( a telescope 7see page #ajd74 ,! d>t1 z be=e said1 is b>b$ on ea* side1 s t ! bee1 :5 v angry1 is sc>cely ev] able to )draw x1 b-- ,deems life itself to v5geance well resign$1 ,dies on ! w\nd1 & leaves ! /+ beh9d4 ,!re are1 inde$1 "s happy mortals ^: blood su* an ev5 t5\r keeps t a bee-/+ is to !m simply a puncture1 & no?+ m4 ,b un=tunately1 z ,lang/ro? puts x1 !y seem to take a mis*iev\s pleasure 9 /++ ^? ^u :om ! poison produces ! mo/ virul5t effect4 ,dr4 ,bevan has sugge/$ t lov]s %\ld subject !mselves to ! ordeal ( a bee-/+1 9 ord] to prove1 we suppose1 t _! temp] is pro( aga9/ ! /+s & arr[s ( any outrage\s =tune t matrimony c br+4 ,x is ! inf9itesimally m9ute t9cture ( poison inject$ by ! bee :i* causes inflammation4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d is to remove ! /+1 :i*1 ev5 :5 deta*$ f ! bee1 w cont9ue to p5etrate /ill fur!r into ! w\nd4 ,next press ! holl[ po9t ( a wat*-key exactly ov] ! place /ung2 ?is w express a consid]able portion ( ! virus4 ,!n dip ! h& into1 or ba! ! "p )1 cold or tepid wat]1 = ! poison is volatile1 & w !reby be dissipat$1 to a great ext5t4 ,on no acc\nt :atev] %\ld ! "p affect$ be rubb$2 to d t w diffuse ! poison & increase ! inflammation4 ,! specific rem$y = a bee-/+ is taught u by *emi/ry3 ! v5om is an acid1 :i* an alkali w imm$iately neutralise :5 br\ght into contact ) x4 ,spirits ( h>t%orn w g5]ally be f\nd efficaci\s1 & %\ld !re=e always be kept 9 an api>y4 ,!re are also sev]al o!r rem$ies m or less effectual1 accord+ to ! special con/itution ( ! pati5t4 ,a /rong infusion ( tobacco-wat] appli$ to ! w\nd aft] ! /+ has be5 extract$ is a specific = _m p]sons2 o!rs f9d relief f ! application ( a slic$ onion1 :ile ,frau ,lieb1 ( ,jassy1 decl>es no?+ s efficaci\s z "o's own saliva4 ,two prep>ations may be nam$ z made especially = ! purpose--! ,l$um ,palu/re1 & ,dr4 ,p9e's ,bee-keep]'s ,lotion4 ,we h he>d ! rem>k f sev]al :o h kept bees = ye>s1 t ! poison f a /+ has little or no effect on !m2 aft] receiv+ _m inflictions _! fle% appe>s to become s little affect$ t ! swell+ & pa9 at "o "t exp]i5c$ no long] tr\ble !m4 ,h]r ,kle9e recomm5ds bee-keep]s to subject !mselves int5tionally to /++1 9 ord] t 9 two ye>s _! sy/em may become insusceptible to ! poison4 ,no d\bt ^? :o are1 s /oically incl9$ w duly appreciate & gratefully ackn[l$ge ! advice4 ,boil+ wat] p\r$ on to bees makes a bee tea :i* has be5 highly recomm5d$ 9 bad cases ( /rangury4 ,bee poison itself is a specific ) homopa?i/s1 b "o bee-/+ is n cur$ by a second1 z ,mr4 ,lang/ro? satisfactorily demon/rat$ at ! co/ ( mu* p]sonal pa94 ,,ii4 ,,position ,,( ,,hives4 ,"s writ]s on bee-culture atta* mu* importance to ! p>ticul> position 9 :i* an api>y /&s & ! aspect t[>ds :i* x faces4 ,a s\!rn1 or r a s\?-ea/]n aspect1 is ! "o :i* we recomm5d4 ,our reason = ?is pref]5ce is t we deem x v important = ! bees to h ! fir/ ( ! morn+ sun4 ,bees are e>ly ris]s1 & %\ld h e inducem5t giv5 !m = ! ma9t5ance ( s excell5t a practice4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 _m /rong op9ions 7 express$ 9 fav\r ( a nor!rn aspect = hives4 ,! *ief reason giv5 = ^? op9ions1 ?\gh v plausible1 appe>s to u to be a v p>tial & inadequate "o4 ,x 0 said t1 :5 ! hives face ! s\?1 ! bees may1 l ! incauti\s swall[ 9 ! fable1 be tempt$ to fly abroad 9 ! transi5t w9t] sun%9e1 & !n p]i% 9 ! freez+ atmosph]e :5 a pass+ cl\d int]v5es4 ,b x is a v easy matt]1 if consid]$ ne$ful1 to scre5 ! entrance by fix+ up matt+ s z to int]cept ! rays ( ! sun4 ,at our own api>y we make no alt]ation 9 w9t]1 "u ! belief t ! bees w take c>e ( !mselves & t !y seldom v5ture out :5 ! wea!r is unsuitable4 ,columella gave a numb] ( directions on ?is po9t1 ! ess5ce ( :i* may be /at$ z foll[s4 ,if 9 a valley x w be easi] = ! load$ bees to return home ?an if on a hill2 x mu/ n be expos$ to noisome smells1 nor to ! d9 ( m5 or cattle2 x %\ld be ne> a %all[ runn+ /ream ) pebbles = ! bees to alight on1 b n ne> deep wat] ) /eep banks'2 & ! trees ne> %\ld be l[1 & conv5i5t = manipulation 9 sw>m+4 ,! vic9ity ( sug> w>eh\ses1 or o!r places ( temptation ( ! k9d1 is c]ta9 to prove prejudicial if n fatal to an api>y4 ,! beei% in/9ctive love = sweets1 l all o!r good ?+s1 has its bad side1 & "h we see x develop$ into a prop5sity to acquire on ! %orte/ & easie/ ?\gh mo/ suicidal me?od4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? tells u t he once furni%$ a sweet-%op w gauze w9d[s & doors1 :5 ! bees alight$ on ! wire by ?\s&s1 fairly squeal+ ) vexation1 & 9 desp]ation !y desc5d$ ! *imney1 :i* _h to be /opp$ 9 l mann]4 ,,iii4 ,,pa/urage ,,= ,,bees4 ,bees "w = man2 & yet !y nev] bruise ,_! ma/]'s fl[]1 b leave x1 hav+ done1 ,z fair z ev]1 & z fit = use4 ,api>ians g5]ally agree 9 ! op9ion t v little c be done 9 ! way ( provid+ any special =age = bees4 ,yet bee-fanci]s are always int]e/$ 9 obs]v+ :i* are ! fl[]s t ! bees pref]2 & !re are c]ta9 well-e/abli%$ conclusions z to ! k9d ( di/ricts & seasons :i* are ! likelie/ to produce a good honey h>ve/4 ,!re is an old say+1 t a c\ntry :i* produces ! f9e/ wool also yields ! be/ honey2 & a pa/oral di/rict is decid$ly bett] ?an "o "u tillage4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! matt] is1 t ! bees are be/ suit$ ) a long dry season--an e>ly spr+1 a hot summ]1 & a late autumn4 ,z n "o ( ^! bless+s c be comm&$ by ! api>ian1 8 art mu/ be appli$ to provid+ "s mitigation ( ! injury suff]$ by ! bees :5 ! season is %ort or wet4 ,= e>ly spr+s ! crocus1 ! blue hepatica1 & ! violet all af=d good supplies ( poll5 & honey1 &1 if cultivat$ ne> ! api>y1 w be ( great s]vice :5 ! wild fl[]s are backw>d4 ,all v>ieties ( ! will[ & popl> furni% e>ly supplies ( honey1 z well z ( ! propolis to be pres5tly describ$2 ! blossoms ( ! gooseb]ry & currant are v useful = ! bees 9 ,may4 ,wet1 :5 x ent]s fl[]s ( any k9d1 prev5ts1 ! tongue ( ! bee f rea*+ ! secret s\rce ( honey4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is well to "k1 z does ! bee1 t ! droop+ blossoms ( ! raspb]ry escape ! effect ( ! %[]s1 & honey is ga!r$ f !m :5 o!r fl[]s are dr5*$ )9 z well z )\t4 ,= a simil> reason borage 7,borago (fic9alis7 is valuable = bees1 & also because t plant cont9ues to fl[] until ! fro/s set 94 ,! honey bo? f raspb]ry blossoms & borage is v sup]ior4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? says1 t ! precipit\s & rocky l&s ( ,new ,engl&1 :i* ab\nd ) ! wild r$ raspb]ry1 might be made almo/ z valuable z "s ( ! v9e-clad t]races ( ! m\nta9 di/ricts ( ,europe4 ,! gold5 rod & also a/]s af=d sup]ior honey = autumn ga!r+4 ,dzi]zon /rongly recomm5ds buck:eat be+ s[n 9 ! w9t] /ubbles on behalf ( ! bees1 & he tries h>d to p]suade f>m]s t x is to _! int]e/ to cultivate x4 ,x %\ld be nam$ t all ! ord9>y fruit blossoms1 especially t ( ! apple1 supply abundant /ore = bees4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to wild or field fl[]s t ! bee-ma/] mu/ *iefly look = ! raw mat]ial on :i* 8 myriad artisans %all ex]t _! skill4 ,! :ite clov] ( ! pa/ure1#cb ! wild ?yme on ! hill1 ! hea!r on ! moors1 ! furze & ! broom on ! s&y wa/e1 (f] exhau/less /ores = a great] numb] ( bees ?an c ev] be locat$ ne> !m4 ,lime trees1 :5 9 blossom1 & mignonette are also mo/ valuable res\rces2 & !re are two or ?ree peculi> s\rces ( honey :i* "o w\ld n h suspect$1 z1 = in/ance1 ! blossoms ( ! onion plant1 ( turnips1 &1 9 /ill great] degree1 ! fl[] ( ! mu/>d plant4 ,footnote #cb3 ,x is a good practice to induce ! own]s ( adjac5t fields to s[ clov] se$4 ,9 ^? di/ricts ( ,engl& :]e mu/>d se$ is cultivat$ s ext5sively1 x w\ld be well wor? :ile = ! f>m]s to keep l>ge colonies ( bees4 ,ano!r1 b a v unc]ta91 s\rce ( honey is ! honey-dew1 :i* 9 "s seasons appe>s 9 l>ge quantities on ! leaves ( ! oak1 ! lime1 & "s o!r trees 7see bel[74 ,,iv4 ,,honey4 ,all t ne$ be said 9 ?is place is a few obs]vations ^u honey consid]$ 9 itself4 ,practically1 b n absolutely1 x is de/itute ( nitrog51 :i* is ! fle%-=m+ pr9ciple 9 food4 ,x has be5 mu* cont5d$ :e!r or n x und]goes any trans=mation by be+ swall[$ by ! bee4 ,dzi]zon & o!rs h ma9ta9$ t x does2 ,gundela* & ,dr4 ,dnh(f h tak5 ! contr>y view1 & ,von ,b]leps* has come r\nd to ! same1 :i* x w be se5 is also held by ,s*mid & ,kle9e1 f :om we translate ! foll[+ description ( ?is article3-- ,honey may be ( div]se orig93 x is ei!r nect> or bud honey1 or leaf honey 7! s-call$ honey-dew71 or aphis honey ano!r =m ( honey-dew1 or fruit honey4 ,! s\rces ( honey un=tunately d n fl[ ) ! same /r5g? ev]y:]e & at all times4 ,= collect+ ! honey1 bees are provid$ ) tongues & honey-/oma*s4444 ,9 ! /oma* ! honey und]goes no trans=mation2 only by evaporation 9 ! cells does x receive its subsequ5t di/9ctive "*4 ,aft] suffici5t evaporation ! cells t conta9 x are seal$ ov] ) flat wax lids4 ,betwe5 diff]5t honeys !re exi/s an ess5tial diff]5ce 9 respect ( aroma1 ta/e1 col\r1 & composition4 ,:e!r !re is su* a ?+ z poison\s honey is a "q ^u :i* op9ions are divid$4 ,9 trade honey is (t5 adult]at$ ) />*1 syrup1 sug>1 & m p]nici\s +r$i5ts1 :i* c easily be detect$ by *emical & microscopical analysis4 ,! cry/allisation ( honey diff]s ess5tially f t ( sug> or ( a mixture ( honey & sug>4 ,on ?is matt] ( adult]ation we h be5 fav\r$ ) "s rem>ks f a well-kn[n api>ian :o writes "u ! "n ( ,a ,lan>k%ire ,bee-keep]4 ,he recomm5ds ! pur*as] to take a common te/-tube1 ne>ly fill x ) wat]1 & add ab\t "o-twelf? z mu* ( ! honey2 :5 dissolv$ x w be turbid if ! honey 0 pure1 b cle> if sug> _h be5 mix$ ) x4 ,^? :o wi% to proce$ fur!r may add a few drops ( conc5trat$ nitric acid1 & !n let ! tube /& = a week1 at ! end ( :i* "t ! honey w be precipitat$1 b ! sug> rema9 9 solution1 & !n by filtration ! quantities may be f\nd4 ,honey1 l mo/ vegetable products1 %\ld be fre% e ye>4 ,x may easily be kept f "o season to ! next2 b aft] t1 unless c>efully /or$ 9 a w>m temp]ature1 x w cry/allise 9 ! comb1 or p]haps f]m5t if sep>at$ !refrom4 ,bees w (t5 ga!r honey f ! laurel1 ivy1 or o!r s\rces m agreeable to !mselves ?an to u1 9 :i* case !re is little *oice b to leave ! b5efit ( x to its produc]s 7see page #ig74 ,aga91 ! fact relat$ by ,x5ophon 9 ! retreat ( ! ,t5 ,?\s&1 t bees 9 ,asia ,m9or extract$ honey f plants :i* _h n only a disagreeable b a poison\s t5d5cy to man1 %[s t x is q possible1 :]e su* noxi\s plants ab\nd1 = ! bees to extract ! juices )\t any injury to !mselves4 4 ,v4 ,,poll51 ,,or ,,bee-,,bread4 ,bees1 :5 fully gr[n1 fe$ almo/ :olly on honey2 b ! l>v require = _! developm5t a m sub/antial k9d ( n\ri%m5t4 ,su* solid f>e is f\nd by ! bees 9 ! poll5 ( fl[]s1 a f>9a :i* conta9s ! nitrog5\s elem5t ( :i* honey is ne>ly de/itute4 ,! body ( a work] bee is cov]$ ) hairs1 to :i* ! poll5 adh]es :51 by contact ) ! bee1 x is rubb$ f ! an!rs ( fl[]s 7see page #hh74 ,dewy morn+s or humid b[]s suit ! bees = ! ga!r+ ( ! poll54 ,if ! atmosph]e be too dry = knead+ x into pellets1 !y roll !mselves 9 ! blossoms1 & on _! return1 ) assi/ance f o!rs1 bru% (f ! f>9a into ! cells int5d$ = x4 ,a portion ( ?is bee-bread is tak5 at once by ! nurs+ bees1 :o are suppos$ to subject x to "s *ange be=e (f]+ x to ! l>v2 b ! great] "p ( ! poll5 is /or$ away & rev]s$ 9 ! cells = future use4 ,9 ,april & ,may ! bees are frequ5tly busy all ! day 9 ga!r+ poll51 & (t5 "o community ( bees w collect ab\t tw5ty p\nds weight ( bee-bread 9 "o season4 ,"o ( ! objects ( ! api>ian is to assi/ ! bees 9 provid+ = ! nursl+s ( ! hive4 ,dr4 ,dzi]zon fir/ sugge/$ ! plan ( provid+ ! bees ) unbolt$ rye meal z a sub/itute = ! f>9a ( fl[]s4 ,he _h obs]v$ t1 9 e>ly spr+1 be=e ! fl[]s 7 op51 8 bees _h ent]$ a neighb\r+ cornmill1 f :5ce !y return$ lad5 ) rye fl\r4 ,s9ce 8 discov]y1 "s keep]s1 9 e>ly spr+1 h plac$ rye or :eat meal ne> ! api>ies2 to ?is artificial /ore ! bees repair by ?\s&s1 & seek to rollick 9 ! enjoym5t ( su* pl5ty1 _m ( !m return+ to ! hive z du/y z mill]s4 ,! object 9 ?us supply+ !m is t ! brood may be rapidly br\ght =w>d1 & e>ly sw>m+ induc$4 ,9 ?is way a few p\nds ( rye meal1 at "o p5ny p] p\nd1 may t5d to ! production ( v _m p\nds ( honey ( twelve times ! price4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,bee ,j\rnal !re is a recomm5dation to spr9kle pea fl\r among/ deal %av+s 9 any op5 vessel1 & place ?is ne> ! hives s t bees h access to x4 ,we c endorse ?is recomm5dation1 = we "k t x is freely tak5 by ! bees4 ,if ! bee-keep] asc]ta9s t = "s int]val no poll5 has be5 convey$ into any p>ticul> hive he may reg>d x z a sure sign t no "y bees are !re hat*+1 & consequ5tly t ! hive is )\t a que54 ,mr4 ,mahan1 ( ,philadelphia1 once met ) a hive :i* no poll5 _h be5 se5 to ent] = tw5ty-eight days2 he put a que5 into x1 took out 8 wat*1 & obs]v$ 9 ?ree & a half m9utes a bee come 9 ) poll5 on its legs--_m m spe$ily foll[+6 ,"s rem>ks on ! s]vices :i* bees r5d] to fl[]s w be f\nd 9 ! section ^u ,faculties & ,functions 7page #ee74 4 ,,vi4 ,,propolis1 ,,or ,,bees' ,,cem5t4 ,propolis is a ,greek ^w :i* orig9ally signifi$ ! outskirts ( a city1 b 0 adopt$ by ,lat9 writ]s on bees to d5ote ! /icky sub/ance ) :i* ^! city-re>+ insects protect _! outskirts4 ,x is a res9\s sub/ance1 v t5aci\s & semi-transp>5t1 :i* is indisp5sable = ! bees z a cem5t :]e) to fix _! combs & =tify _! hives aga9/ intrud]s4#cc ,! bees1 9 work+ ! propolis1 (t5 s(t5 x by bl5d+ x ) a portion ( wax2 b !y h to extract x 9 its natural /ate directly f ! b>k & buds ( c]ta9 trees4 ,! b>k ( ! will[1 ! leaf-buds ( ! popl> & ald]1 & ! unop5$ blossoms ( ! hollyhock are v usual s\rces ( propolis4 ,9 ! case ( a new sw>m1 z bees mu/ h ?is glue be=e !y c beg9 to build _! combs1 !y w resort to mo/ unlikely places to obta9 x4 ,sometimes !y w ent] a pa9t-%op & attack ! v>ni%1 & x is said !y h be5 se5 to obta9 propolis f ! pit* & rigg+ ( a %ip4 ,^! circum/ances af=d intelligible h9ts to ! api>ian1 :o1 if 8 bees h n easy access to firs1 popl>s1 or will[s1 w provide "s glut9\s or res9\s matt] :i* may s]ve = a sub/itute4 ,! extraction ( propolis co/s ! bees v consid]able lab\r1 :i* !y %\ld be reliev$ ( z mu* z possible 9 ord] to facilitate _! great "w ( honey-ga!r+4 ,bees *oose ! w>m] "p ( ! day dur+ :i* to ga!r propolis1 z !n x does n s rapidly /iff54 ,frequ5tly :5 !y arrive at ! hive x has become s h>d t ! o!r bees are sc>cely able to gnaw x f _! ?ighs4 ,footnote #cc3 ,egyptian bees1 h[ev]1 sub/itute wax1 z /at$ on page #ej4 ,) propolis bees fa/5 d[n _! hives1 /op up crevices1 to exclude mo?s & ants1 & sometimes use x to n>r[ _! doorways aga9/ ! invasion ( wasps4 ,extraord9>y anecdotes are told ( ! prompt & +5i\s use !y make ( ?is sub/ance4 ,raumur relates t1 a snail hav+ be5 obs]v$ by ! bees on ! w9d[ ( ! hive1 !y proce$$ to glue ! %ell to ! glass1 & !re seal$ d[n ! intrud] 9 hopeless durance4 ,9 ano!r case1 t ( a slug1 ! bees1 hav+ sla9 x ) _! /+s1 7 q unable to remove x f ! hive4 ,) wond]ful =esight !y !n proce$$ to secure _! community f ! noxi\s effects likely to arise f ! decay ( ! c>case2 & ?is !y did by completely envelop+ x ) a coat+ ( imp]vi\s v>ni%4 ,hui% relates a simil> occurr5ce 9 ! case ( a m\se caught 9 a hive by bees4 ,propolis yields b5zoic acid1 & conta9s "s aromatic prop]ties4 ,,vii4 ,,secretion ,,( ,,wax4 ,we h already made "s rem>ks ^u wax 9 ! ,*apt] on ,anatomy & ,physiology4 ,! subject is "o t ev5 yet has n be5 ?or\ghly cle>$ up1 ?\gh ! discov]ies ( ,hornbo/el & ,hub] h demon/rat$ t in/ead ( be+ a vegetable product extract$ f poll5 x is a fatty secretion ( ! bees !mselves4 ,b lat] obs]v]s h come to ! conclusion t ?\gh n obta9$ direct f poll51 t food is ess5tial to _! p[] ( secret+ x4 ,cases are c]ta9ly record$ 9 :i* combs h be5 built :5 ! bees _h = sev]al days be5 depriv$ ( ! means ( procur+ ?is food1 b x has n be5 %[n t bees :i* h nev] _h access !reto h /ill ! p[] ( secret+ wax2 ,lang/ro? on ! contr>y ass]ts t "s poll5 is always f\nd 9 ! /oma* ( wax-produc]s4 ,s ,dzi]zon3 ,ev5 if wax1 z a fat1 is l honey a sub/ance de/itute ( nitrog51 & ev5 if fe$+ ^u honey or sug> is alone suffici5t to enable ! bees to prep>e x1 x does n !re=e foll[ t poll5 is n necess>y = its cont9u$ production4 ,=1 z already rem>k$1 ! bees c prep>e food = _! "y = a consid]able "t )\t poll51 yet no "o w\ld ass]t t ?is is unnecess>y = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! brood4 ,9 ! "o case z ! o!r ! bees are su/a9$ by a c]ta9 /ore tak5 into !mselves1 b :i* by degrees becomes exhau/$4 ,to yield "o p\nd ( wax !y require to consume f ?irte5 to tw5ty p\nds ( honey2 s t x w\ld seem z if honey 0 ! food-=m+ pr9ciple ( ! wax1 & poll5 ! /imulant t imp>t$ to _! own organs ! capacity = effect+ ! trans=mation4 ,! bees1 x ne$ h>dly be /at$1 elaborate ?is secretion by clu/]+ !mselves 9 fe/oons & curta9s1 9 :i* !y rema91 ! =e legs ( "o clasp+ ! h9d ones ( ano!r1 p]fectly /ill = "s tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 at ! end ( :i* "t ! scales are f\nd exud+ ar\nd !m1 z m5tion$ 9 our e>li] ref]5ce4 ,! little plates ( wax are )drawn by ! bee itself ) its h9d feet1 & c>ri$ to ! m\? ) its =e feet1 :]e ! wax is made s(t & ductile2 vigor\s %akes ( ! body assi/ 9 deta*+ ! plates1 & ! floor-bo>d is aft]w>ds f\nd cov]$ ) ! pieces t h fall54 ,"o by "o "s ( !m !n leave ! clu/] & deposit _! burd5s 9 r\gh masses1 :i* are subsequ5tly wr\ght by o!rs into ! hexagonal =m4 ,b x seems feasible t ! l[] bees pass _! secretions up ! liv+ ladd] to ! upp]mo/ ones to und]go ?is d\ble process4 ,! rapidity ) :i* comb-build+ progresses at su* times w\ld lead to ! supposition t !re is a division ( lab\r ( ?is k9d among !m1 j z our lab\r]s convey build+ mat]ial to ! artisans on ! scaffold above4 ,?is "w ( comb-build+ is c>ri$ =w>d 9 w>m wea!r1 = a cold temp]ature int]f]es ) ! secretion ( wax4 ,von ,b]leps* decl>es t he has kn[n cases 9 :i* a hive has built ?ree hundr$ squ>e in*es ( comb 9 a s+le night6 ,! secretion ( wax1 & ! me?od ( its adaptation by ! bees1 are ?us admirably describ$ by ,evans3-- ,s1 filt]$ ?r\gh yon flutt]]'s fold$ mail1 ,cl+s ! cool$ wax1 & h>d5s to a scale4 ,swift1 at h] well-kn[n call1 ! ready tra9 7,= n a buzz boon ,nature brea!s 9 va97 ,spr+ to ea* fall+ flake1 & be> along ,_! glossy burd5s to ! build] ?rong4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! 9 firm phalanx ply _! tw9kl+ feet1 ,/ret* out ! ductile mass1 & =m ! /reet1 ,) _m a cross-way pa? & po/]n gate1 ,t %ort5 to _! range ! spread+ /ate4 ,^? ) %>p sickle1 or ) %>p] too?1 ,p>e ea* excresc5ce1 & ea* angle smoo?1 ,till n[1 9 f9i%$ pride1 two radiant r[s ,( sn[-:ite cells "o mutual base disclose4 ,six %9+ panels gird ea* poli%$ r\nd1 ,! door's f9e rim ) wax5 fillet b\nd1 ,:ile walls s ?91 ) si/] walls comb9$1 ,weak 9 !mselves1 a sure dep5d5ce f9d4 ,,viii4 ,,robb+4 ,we h _h _m times to allude to ! truly sad "* :i* our little fav\rites be> 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,directions z to ! precautions necessitat$ !reby h be5 giv5 pretty g5]ally 9 connection ) op]ations 9 :i* x is to be fe>$1 s t "o or two g5]al rem>ks are all t ne$ be add$ "h4 ,von ,b]leps* /\tly ma9ta9s t !re are no pr(essional robb]s among/ ! bees1 b t all are ready to l5d a h& 9 a job ( ! k9d :5 x is to be _h4 ,?is is probably true 9 great "p1 b n to ! ext5t t !re exi/ no individual diff]5ces 9 ! /r5g? ( ! prop5sity1 & ! rem>k quot$ f ,dzi]zon on black bees 7page #gb7 may be tak5 z expressive ( ! o!r side ( ! tru?4 ,x is que5less /ocks1 nucleus hives1 & weak colonies 9 g5]al t h mo/ ne$ = protection aga9/ enemies ( _! own k9d4 ,by keep+ ! entrances n>r[$1 & fe$+ c>efully )\t leav+ a trace ( food ab\t1 ! enticem5ts to plund] may be kept d[n z mu* z possible4 ,x has be5 rec5tly recomm5d$ 9 extreme cases to saturate a rag ) c>bolic acid dilut$ ) wat] 7fully half72 ?is w effectually repel all except ^? :o h no o!r home to :i* to betake !mselves4 ,b x w be obnoxi\s to ^! latt] z well1 s %\ld n be lightly resort$ to4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? has a capital little bit ab\t a highh&$ piece ( audacity t has be5 occasionally obs]v$ 9 our insect4 ,h\se-robb+1 x seems1 is n bad en\gh = !m1 b !y w ev5 g ! l5g? ( act+ z highwaym5 & g>ott]s4 ,= ?us runs ! /ory ( _! waylay+ & despoil+ ! humble bee3 ,seiz+ ! hone/ fell[ !y give him to und]/& t !y want 8 honey4 ,if !y kill$ him !y w\ld nev] be able to extract 8 spoils f _! deep recesses2 !y !re=e bite & tease him1 aft] _! mo/ approv$ fa%ion1 all ! "t s++ 9 8 e>s1 ',y\r honey or y\r life1' until he empties 8 capaci\s receptacle1 :5 !y release him & lick up 8 sweets4 ,,ix4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,bees4 ,dys5t]y is a disease produc$ ei!r by long conf9em5t1 by dampness1 or by fe$+ 9 ! w9t]4 ,! fir/ ?+ bees d :5 di/urb$ is to fill !mselves ) food1 s t 9 w9t] wea!r1 :5 !y _c get out to void _! fces1 hives %\ld n be m$dl$ )1 o!rwise ! compla9t may be br\ght on4 ,x is also eng5d]$ 9 _m in/ances by ! /ate ( ! wea!r 9 w9t] mon?s1 & is indicat$ by ! yell[ col\r ( ! excrem5t1 & by its be+ void$ ^u ! floors & at ! entrance ( ! hives1 :i* bees 9 a heal?y /ate g5]ally keep clean4 ,all t c be done = !m :5 affect$ is to see t !re is pl5ty ( :olesome food 9 ! hive1 & to well clean or to *ange ! floor-bo>d1 & s produce cleanl9ess4 ,! m =midable1 b happily less common1 malady ( f\l brood does n attack ! bees !mselves1 b affects ! l>v1 by caus+ !m to putrefy 9 ! cells1 ?us de/roy+ all hope ( ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,bees are exce$+ly fond ( _! "y1 & are greatly dispirit$ :5 _! hives are 9 ?is plight4 ,9 common ) mo/ pe/il5tial disord]s1 no satisfactory cause is assign$ = its fir/ appe>ance4 ,"s api>ians cont5d t f\l brood is ano!r "n = *ill$ brood2 o!rs1 t ! que51 by a freak ( nature1 deposits "s ( h] eggs ! wrong way upw>ds1 & t ^! putrefy 9 ! cells1 & contam9ate ! o!rs4 ,:atev] may be ! orig91 "o ?+ is v c]ta9--x is cat*+3 !re is1 h[ev]1 9 ! circum/ance ( ! adult bees & ( ^? ab\t em]g+ f ! cells n be+ injuri\sly affect$ !reby1 a great help to its eradication1 z w pres5tly be %[n4 ,!re are two k9ds ( f\l brood--"o ( :i* is dry & n contagi\s1 ! brood m]ely dry+ up 9 ! cells2 f :i* p>tial "* x is probably )9 ! p[] ( ! bees !mselves to ov]come4 ,9 ! o!r k9d1 in/ead ( dry+ up1 ! brood rema9s d>k & slimy 9 ! cells1 & emits a mo/ unpleasant od\r1 p]ceptible at "s di/ance f ! hive4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdh ,pa/or ,dzi]zon lo/ a l>ge numb] ( /ocks f ?is disease2 he h[ev] 0 enabl$ to bani% x f 8 api>y1 & communicat$ to a ,g]man bee-j\rnal v :olesome advice1 :i* ,mr4 ,lang/ro? quotes1 & f1 :i* we make an extract2 ,:5 ! malady makes its appe>ance 9 only two or ?ree ( ! colonies1 & is discov]$ e>ly 7:i* may readily be done 9 hives hav+ movable combs71 x c be arre/$ & cur$ )\t damage or dim9ution ( pr(it4 ,to prev5t ! disease f spread+ 9 a colony !re is no m reliable & effici5t process ?an to /op ! production ( brood2 = :]e no brood exi/s none c p]i% or putrefy4 ,! disease is ?us depriv$ bo? ( its alim5t & its subjects4 ,! heal?y brood w mature & em]ge 9 due "t1 & ! putrid matt] rema9+ 9 a few cells w dry up1 & be remov$ by ! work]s4 ,all ?is w c]ta9ly result f a well-tim$ removal ( ! que5 f su* colonies4 ,if su* removal becomes necess>y 9 ! spr+ or e>ly "p ( ! summ]1 a sup]num]>y que5 is !reby obta9$1 by means ( :i* an artificial colony may be />t$1 :i* w c]ta9ly be heal?y if ! bees & brood us$ be tak5 f heal?y colonies4 ,%\ld ! removal be made 9 ! latt] "p ( summ]1 ! useless production ( brood w at once be /opp$ & an unnecess>y consumption ( honey prev5t$4 ,?us1 9 ei!r case1 we are ga9]s by ! op]ation4 ,9 cases :]e ! disease assumes a m malignant "*--9 o!r words1 has got ahead1 ?r\gh n be+ nipp$ 9 ! bud--x w be well to take notice ( ano!r quotation f ,mr4 ,lang/ro?'s book3 ,9 ! spr+ or summ]1 :5 ! wea!r is f9e & pa/urage ab\nds1 ! foll[+ cure is recomm5d$ by a ,g]man api>ian3 ',drive out ! bees into any clean hive1 & %ut !m up 9 a d>k place )\t food = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 prep>e = !m a clean hive1 prop]ly fitt$ up ) comb f heal?y colonies2 transf] ! bees into x1 & conf9e !m two days long]1 fe$+ !m ) pure honey4' ,! late ,mr4 ,woodbury's api>y 0 sev]ely attack$ by ?is disease 9 ! spr+ & summ] ( #ahfc4 ,! writ] happ5$ to be on a visit to him at ?is juncture1 & witness$ him )draw+ infect$ combs f hives t 7 lit]ally masses ( corruption1 ! brood-cells ( :i*1 on be+ op5$ ) a po9t$ in/rum5t1 reveal$ ! d>k br[n slimy matt] be=e allud$ to1 & f :i* arose a mo/ unpleasant smell4 ,mr4 ,woodbury communicat$ to ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ( ,july #ba1 #ahfc1 an exact & graphic acc\nt ( 8 mis=tunes1 head$ ,a ,dw9dl+ ,api>y4 ,f9d+ t ! removal ( ! putrid matt] mu/ be simultane\sly effect$ & ! bees driv5 out & plac$ 9 hives t _h und]gone a complete purification1 he set ab\t endeav\r+ to accompli% 8 object1 & 0 s f> successful t he 0 able to furni% an article to ! be=e-nam$ j\rnal ( ,augu/ #d1 same ye>1 "u ! m *e]ful title ( ,convalesc5t1 9 :i* he says3 ,fir/1 let me endorse ! op9ions bo? ( ,dzi]zon & ,ro!1 t1 except "u v especial circum/ances1 x is unadvisable to attempt ! cure ( a f\l-bre$+ /ock3 bett]1 f> bett]1 to consign its inhabitants to ! brim/one pit2 ! hive itself1 if a /raw "o1 to ! flames2 ! comb to ! melt+-pot2 & appropriate ! honey to any purpose1 except t ( fe$+ bees4 ,mr4 ,woodbury fur!r says3 ,be=e />t+1 x 0 requisite to ensure ! transf] ( ! bees to unpollut$ hives2 & "h ,i f\nd t ,dzi]zon decl>es t e hive t has conta9$ a f\l-bre$+ colony %\ld be expos$ to ! sun & air = two ye>s be=e be+ re-/ock$4 ,9 my own case ?is 0 simply impossible1 & ,i !re=e adopt$ ! practice ( ano!r ,g]man writ] on ! subject1 viz41 to scrape out ! hive v c>efully1 wa% x all ov] ) a saturat$ solution ( *loride ( lime1 keep+ x closely %ut up = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & !n1 aft] ?or\ghly wa%+ x ) clean wat]1 expos+ x to ! sun & air until ! smell ( ! dis9fectant _h pass$ (f4 ,?is me?od has ! advantage ( enabl+ "o to use a wood5 hive aga9 aft] a lapse ( a c\ple ( days1 & is1 ,i believe1 ?or\ghly effectual4 ,mr4 ,woodbury !n captur$ ! que51 secur$ h] 9 a cage1 & plac$ h] 9 a clean empty hive2 all h] bees 7 bru%$ f _! combs into x z rapidly z possible1 9 ord] to prev5t _! c>ry+ mu* ( ! infect$ honey ) !m2 :il/ ! combs !mselves 7 set dra9+ out ( ! bees' rea*1 & consign$ z quickly z possible to ! melt+-pot4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ?ree or f\r days1 ! que5 7/ill imprison$7 & bees 7 aga9 transf]r$ to ano!r clean hive1 furni%$ ) a few pure combs1 & 9 ?is !y 7 suff]$ to rema91 _! que5 be+ releas$ 9 a day or two1 z soon z !y appe>$ cont5t$ly settl$4 ,mr4 ,woodbury gives ano!r important h9t1 t op]ations ( ?is k9d ) ta9t$ combs %\ld be p]=m$ out ( rea* ( robb] bees f adjac5t hives1 le/ !y %\ld c>ry ! infection to _! respective h\ses4 ,by ! be=e-m5tion$ process1 he succe$$ 9 completely extirpat+ f\l brood f 8 api>y 9 #ahfc1 & _h no return ( x aft]w>ds4 ,engli% api>ian writ]s h made s little allusion to ?is disord]1 t "s ( our old] bee-keep]s cont5d t mod]n hives & =eign bees h some?+ to d ) br++ x ab\t4 ,to %[ t ! disease made its appe>ance 9 =m] days1 !re is a *apt] on ?is subject 9 ,bonn]'s ,bee-,keep]'s ,companion1 publi%$ at ,b]wick 9 #agih1 entitl$ ,an ,uncommon ,disa/] :i* sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 happ5s to ,bees4 ,bonn]1 aft] rec\nt+ !re9 8 obs]vations ( ! dw9dl+ /ate ( 8 own api>y1 = :i* he c\ld n acc\nt1 says3 ,he saw pla9ly t ! "y 7 all go+ backw>d 9 ! cells1 & t he look$ d[n betwe5 ! combs1 b 0 unable to proce$ = ! /5* t ! rott5 maggots produc$4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? writes t ,ari/otle speaks ( a disease :i* 0 accompani$ ) a disgu/+ smell1 s t !re is reason to believe t f\l brood 0 kn[n two-?\s& ye>s ago4 ,our own obs]vation leads u to ! belief t f\l brood is caus$ 9 _m in/ances by fe$+ /ocks ) f]m5t$ honey or ) syrup likely to f]m5t4 ,all liquid food %\ld be boil$ be=e x is giv5 to ! bees1 to de/roy any impurity & to make x :olesome1 = 9 sev]al cases we h f\nd /ocks to be infect$ t h ?us be5 incauti\sly f$4 ,suspicion may be ar\s$ ( ! exi/5ce ( f\l brood 9 any k9d ( hive1 fir/ly1 by ! unproductiv5ess ( ! bees1 also by ! dim9i%+ numb] at ! entrance2 & if v f> advanc$ ! od\r w be v noticeable a few feet f ! hive4 ,b 9 b>-frame hives an exp]i5c$ eye w on exam9ation readily detect ! malady if pres5t by ! d>k un:olesome appe>ance ( ! comb1 & by ! caps cov]+ ! diseas$ brood be+ sunk5 r ?an rais$4 ,small p]=ations are noticeable 9 "s1 & 9 o!rs ! grubs may be se5 rott+ 9 unseal$ cells4 ,we "k ( no cure1 b "s =eign api>ians ( exp]i5ce recomm5d inject+ a solution ( salycilic acid into e diseas$ cell2 o!rs say t c>bolic-acid w effect a cure2 we "k t ! latt] is v di/a/eful to ! bees & !re=e %\ld n be dispos$1 to advise its use4 ,! be/ ?+ to d is to break ! hive up at once4 ,! bees may be sav$ by be+ put 9 qu>ant9e a %ort "t1 & ! hive cleans$ z be=e m5tion$2 b if ! hive be a valuable /raw "o1 aft] cleans+ & scrap+1 ! int]ior %\ld be coat$ ) %ellac dissolv$ 9 spirits ( w9e4 ,if a frame hive x w be be/ to h new frames r ?an to attempt to cleanse ! old ones4 ,to all[ a hive to die out is v dang]\s1 because ! bees f o!r hives w rob & c>ry ! infect$ honey to _! combs1 & ?us e colony )9 bee-flight is liable to be pollut$4 ,x may be well to give a h9t ab\t us+ old combs4 ,any t is v black %\ld be reject$1 because ! disease is sometimes pres5t 9 old hives1 & also because ea* maggot leaves beh9d a silk5 film :i* l9es ! top1 sides1 & base ( ! cell1 also a slight deposit ( excrem5t :i* ! bees d n cle> away2 ?us ! cells gr[ small] & ! bees re>$ 9 !m are also dim9i%$ 9 size1 al?\gh ! bees d add a little to ! m\? ( ! cell4 ,on ?is acc\nt we w\ld recomm5d all :5 pur*as+ /ocks to see t !y are n v old4 ,! combs ( a hive may be said to be ! furniture & /oreh\se ( ! bees1 :i* 9 long s]vice we> out & to "s ext5t become aft] a lapse ( ye>s unfit t5em5ts = use4 ,to rem$y ?is1 ,nature1 always true to h] laws & c>eful to make provision = ! p]petuation ( ! species1 may h ord]$ t sw>m+ %\ld be ! means ( e/abli%+ fre% colonies fre$ f ! disadvantages & contam9ation ( ! old4 ,! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,payne1 ( ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 _h a /raw skep t _h _h bees 9 x )\t int]mission = tw5ty ye>s1 b x is n advisable to keep !m s long1 al?\gh1 ) a little judici\s prun+1 mu* may be done to rem$y ! defects ( old combs4 ,our own exp]i5ce = keep+ a /ock does n ext5d beyond t5 ye>s4 ,:5 we take into consid]ation h[ sorely our f>m]s are p]plex$ by ! cattle plague1 kn[n z ! r9d]pe/1 conc]n+ :i* s _m conflict+ op9ions exi/ 7& ! same may be said ( ! recomm5dations = its cure71 c we wond] t our little fav\rites %\ld occasionally be liable to disord]s ( ?is sort :i* puzzle ev5 exp]i5c$ bee-keep]s8 ,9 ! hope ( allay+ unnecess>y al>m1 we w\ld j add t f\l brood is n a v g5]al compla9t1 &1 s f> z our obs]vation ext5ds1 has be5 mo/ fatal 9 l>ge exp]im5tal api>ies1 :]e ext5sive propagation has necess>ily _h to be pu%$ =w>d4 ,) ! exp]i5ce & advice already ga9$1 ?is disord] may n[ be said to be consid]ably depriv$ ( its t]rors4 ,we f9d sev]al o!r compla9ts describ$ at m or less l5g? by ,von ,b]leps*1 b to :i* a v brief allusion w "h suffice4 ,"o he speaks ( "u ! self-expla9+ title ( ?ir/-ne$1 z to :i* he rightly rem>ks t x w be ! bee-keep]'s own fault or inexp]i5ce if 8 bees are ev] all[$ to suff] f x4 ,!n !re is mad sickness1 :i* consi/s 9 tumbl+ ab\t z if intoxicat$1 & :i* ,dzi]zon says he meets ) ne>ly e ye>1 & conjectures to arise f p>tak+ ( poison$ honey--he suspects ! honey to be naturally poison\s1 s9ce he obs]ves ?is compla9t almo/ regul>ly at ! "t :5 ! m\nta9 a% is 9 bloom4 ,! next is w+ lam5ess1 :i* ! ,b>on' conjectures may be ! real disord] j spok5 ( z madness4 ,la/ly we h ! ?read fungus1 :i* is a gr[? f\nd by ,leuck>t & ,dnh(f 9 ! /oma* & inte/9es ( sev]al bees1 & :i* !y pron\nce contagi\s4 ,our au?or does also include among ! sicknesses ( bees su* irregul>ities z ris+ aga9/ & murd]+ _! que52 b "o w\ld ?9k t ?is 0 r a political disord]1 or else a case = a commission ( lunacy4 ,! app>5t fungus gr[?s se5 occasionally on ! heads & bodies ( bees h be5 f\nd to be no?+ m ?an ! effect ( sme>+ ) ! gummy poll5 ( or*ids1 or ) o!r glut9\s vegetable juices1 on :i* aft]w>ds ord9>y poll5 has collect$ & ?us caus$ ! appe>ance ( tufts or pat*es4 ,x4 ,,bee ,,enemies4 ,bees h few worse enemies ?an wasps 9 autumn4 ,! mo/ effectual me?od ( *eck+ _! invasion ( hives is to h z n>r[ an entrance z ! bees c d )4 ,if a /ock is n v weak 9 numb]s ! bees w be well able to gu>d a small ap]ture1 & c repel ! attacks ( ^! insidi\s & m]ciless robb]s4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! entrance to our cottage hive1 z describ$ at page #aad1 may be us$4 ,! bee-keep] is int]e/$ 9 prev5t+ ! increase ( wasps2 x is !re=e a good practice = him to set a price on que5 wasps 9 ! spr+1 ! dea? ( "o ( !m at t "t be+ equival5t to ! de/ruction ( a :ole ne/4 ,%\ld ne/s be f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( an api>y1 _! annihilation mu/ be accompli%$ ei!r by bl[+ !m up ) gunp[d]--an op]ation well und]/ood by mo/ c\ntry lads--or any o!r effectual me?od4 ,! late ,mr4 ,payne recomm5d$ t a small quantity ( gas t> %\ld be put into ! m\? ( a wasps' ne/1 & if !n cov]$ ) e>?1 ! total de/ruction ( ! wasps w be accompli%$ )\t fur!r tr\ble4 ,b to use blaz+ /raw = ! purpose is always dang]\s 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,we h lately he>d ( a v +5i\s & successful mode ( entrapp+ & kill+ wasps4 ,place "s sug> or /rongly sweet5$ comp\nd on ! gr\nd 9 a g>d51 & place ov] x a squ>e h&-glass1 w$g$ up an in* or s all r\nd4 ,on ?is glass1 :i* %\ld h an op5+ at ! apex1 lodge ano!r1 b a s\nd "o4 ,! wasps1 attract$ by ! sweets1 w soon cr[d "u ! l[] glass1 &1 :5 !y h well fea/$1 w asc5d into ! upp]1 "o2 !re1 betwe5 ! two1 !y soon become scor*$ & p]i% by ! heat ( ! sun %9+ on ! out] glass4 ,"s seasons are v productive = ! increase ( ^! prime pe/s ( ! api>y1 & :5 ?is is ! case _m hives sev]ely suff] by _! depr$ations4 ,:5 once wasps 9 any numb] h ga9$ an entrance into a hive1 ! bees c seldom eject !m1 & ! invad]s g5]ally rema9 until !y h freely regal$ !mselves f ! lusci\s /ore4 ,!y n only consume ! honey1 b cause a good deal ( worry to ! legitimate inhabitants ( ! hive1 z well z kill+ ! =emo/ def5d]s ( x4 ,wasps be+ mu* sup]ior 9 /r5g?1 x requires at lea/ ?ree bees to ma/] "o ( !m4 ,hav+ suff]$ loss 9 our own api>y f ! attacks ( wasps1 we feel x desirable to give a detail$ acc\nt ( our tr\bles f t cause4 ,an ,italian /ock 0 besieg$ & worri$ by wasps to su* an ext5t t 9 ,septemb] ! bees des]t$ x 9 a body4 ,=tunately x happ5$ t !y *ose a "t = _! dep>ture j z we visit$ ! api>y4 ,an unusual turmoil 0 he>d 9 ! hive1 su* z is exp]i5c$ at ! "t ( sw>m+1 & on imm$iately exam9+ ! entrance we obs]v$ t ! bees 7 quitt+ 9 tumultu\s ha/e4 ,! usual me?ods t induce bees to settle 7 tri$--among/ o!rs t ( ?r[+ s& up into ! air1 s t x %\ld fall d[n among/ ! bees on ! w+2 b !y 7 disp]s$ 9 disord]1 & _! flight ext5d$ ov] ?ree adjac5t g>d5s4 ,we only discov]$ ! clu/]$ bees by dilig5t se>*1 z ! sequel w %[4 ,p]mission be+ ask$ ( our next-door neighb\r1 we se>*$ 8 g>d5 to see if our bees _h alight$ !re2 b f\nd t !y _h pass$ ov]4 ,mak+ a simil> application to ! own] ( ! g>d5 adjo9+1 we ent]$1 hav+ a /raw hive 9 h&1 b no bees 7 !re4 ,aft] look+ dilig5tly all r\nd1 & climb+ ! wall1 !reby ga9+ a view ( ! ?ird g>d51 we p]ceiv$ 9 x unmi/akable signs ( an unwont$ commotion4 ,! occupi]s ( ! h\se 7 int5tly look+ at a p>ticul> "p ( ! g>d51 & !re 0 a du/-pan & a key1 ) :i* ! ma/] _h be5 tang+ ! bees1 to induce !m to settle4 ,we quickly made = ! prop] entrance to ! g>d51 & soon discov]$ our little w&]]s clu/]$ to a l>ge fl[]-vase4 ,aft] bru%+ !m into ! hive1 & leav+ x propp$ up ) a /ick1 9 ord] t ! /ray ones might jo91 we return$ home = an h\r or s1 to give !m "t to settle4 ,judge ( our vexation :51 on return+ to fet* ! hive home1 we f\nd t ! refractory creatures _h aga9 tak5 flight1 & t all ! "w 0 to d ov] aga94 ,! wasps 7 n to blame = ?is second flight ( ! ,italians2 we judg$ t ! sw>m _h be5 di/urb$ by visits f a colony ( bees t we discov]$ 7 liv+ ! life ( outlaws "u ! ro( ( an adjo9+ h\se4 ,al?\gh mu* di%e>t5$ & p]plex$1 we at once r5ew$ our se>*1 &1 ^u enquiry1 f\nd t ! miss+ bees _h tak5 a s\!rly c\rse across ! turnpike road1 & x 0 !re=e necess>y to ask p]mission to se>* ! g>d5s ( ! h\ses opposite4 ,f "o ( ^! we obs]v$1 on look+ ?r\gh ! h$ge1 t ! inhabitants ( ! next h\se 7 on ! qui vive4 ,on enquir+ :e!r !y _h se5 a colony ( bees1 ! w>y old dame repli$ t %e _h no bees b h] own1 b add$ t !y 7 v mu* excit$4 ,hav+ ask$ p]mission to g ?r\gh ! h$ge to look at h] bees1 we soon discov]$ our ,italians on ! top ( ! old lady's bee-h\se4 ,!re 0 no difficulty 9 id5tify+ our own bees2 _! yell[ r+s 7 z good z a private m>k4 ,quickly hiv+ ! sw>m1 we took !m home1 & replac$ !m 9 ! hive !y _h quitt$4 ,x 0 almo/ de/itute ( honey2 b by lib]al fe$+1 & less5+ ! entrance s t only "o bee at a "t c\ld f9d +ress or egress1 we succe$$ 9 induc+ !m to re/ 9 _! old home4 ,?us ne>ly half a day's ex]tion 0 ne$$ to save a f9e colony1 :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 utt]ly lo/ by ! p[] ( ! rel5tless wasps4 ,mu* wat*fulness is ne$$ to prev5t ! loss ( sw>ms1 & ! =ego+ incid5t may s]ve to sugge/ ! necessity ( hav+ hives s locat$ z to be con/antly )9 view1 ei!r f ! d9+-room1 or ( ^? ^: duties oblige !m to be ne> ! api>y4 ,if we _h n happ5$ to be at h& at ! mom5t ?is colony />t$1 x w\ld h be5 irretrievably lo/ to u1 z is ! case ) _m sw>ms & colonies simply because ! dep>ture takes place )\t any "o to witness4 ,9 ! season ( #ahfe wasps 7 z few z !y 7 num]\s ! prec$+ ye>2 _! paucity 0 attributable ei!r to fro/s 9 ,may or to heavy ra9s 9 ,june1 :i* de/roy$ !m 9 _! ne/s4 ,9 g5]al wasps are great depr$ators ( wall-fruit1 b 9 ! autumn be=e m5tion$ ! bees occupi$ ! wasps' =ag+-gr\nd4 ,p]haps nev] 9 ! memory ( bee-keep]s did bees fea/ ^u fruit 9 ! same mann]4 ,v>i\s reasons h be5 assign$ = ?is unusual occurr5ce2 "s ?\ght t z !re 7 s few wasps ! bees 7 unmole/$1 & enjoy$ ! sac*>9e matt] 9 ! fruit )\t let or h9drance--= bees are ab\t z p>tial to ! company ( wasps z mice are to t ( rats4 ,o!r bee-keep]s rem>k$ ! sudd5 & e>ly t]m9ation ( ! honey-ga!r+1 & conjectur$ t ! bees1 be+ anxi\s to make up _! w9t] /ore1 endeav\r$ to br+ home nect> f ! fruit because ! wea!r 0 unusually f9e4 ,!re 0 "o feature :i* is wor? rem>k+3 z f> z our obs]vation ext5d$1 ! bees did n1 l ! wasps1 break ! sk9 ( s\nd fruit1 b 7 satisfi$ ) lapp+ ! juice ( ! ripe fruit t _h ! sk9 already brok54 ,!re are "s birds t are giv5 to prey+ ar\nd beehives1 & if _! visits become too sy/ematically tr\blesome1 x may be wor? :ile to take active measures = mak+ _! pres5ce sc>ce 9 ord] to prev5t ^! dev\r]s f tak+ up a position ne> ! alight+-bo>d & p\nc+ ^u ea* bee z x makes its exit4 ,! toad is a less =midable enemy1 b if "o ( ^! creatures is f\nd b5ea? a hive-/& x may fairly be conclud$ t he is on ! wat* = su* bees z may drop to ! gr\nd "u _! loads4 ,mice1 aga91 w make _! abode 9 a hive = ! w9t]1 & dev\r ! /ores :5 ! bees are too inactive to int]f]e4 ,spid]s1 ants1 & o!r insects w also h to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,o!r =midable enemies ( bees are mo?s4 ,^! insects are creatures ( ! night1 z ! wasps are ( ! day1 & !y make _! way into ! hives "u cov] ( d>kness1 9 spite ( ! bee s5t9els4 ,!y deposit _! eggs 9 any crevices 9 or ne> ! hive t !y c f9d4 ,!re ! w>m? ( ! hive1 or ( ! %elt]$ situation1 causes ! eggs spe$ily to hat*1 & !n ! maggots soon "w _! way to ! comb & l>v food1 :i* !y gre$ily dev\r1 !reby (t5 br++ ab\t ! gradual b c]ta9 de/ruction ( ! :ole community ( bees4 ,! be/ me?od ( keep+ mo?s outside ! hives is to less5 ! entrance1 z be=e allud$ to4 ,also1 9 ! e>ly spr+1 ! hives %\ld be lift$ f _! floor-bo>ds1 :i* mu/ !n be made ?or\ghly clean2 & all crevices & corn]s ab\t ! hive & /& %\ld be scrap$1 s z to get rid ( all eggs ( mo?s & o!r insects be=e ! w>m wea!r hat*es !m or enables !m to d mis*ief ,! bee-mo? is n s tr\blesome 9 ,engl& z x is 9 ,am]ica & "s p>ts ( ,g]many2 b /ill its encroa*m5ts %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ 9 ?is c\ntry1 = if n x may easily increase to a v s]i\s ext5t4 ,,xi4 ,,bee-,,keep+ ,,9 ,,london4 ,!re are _m p]sons1 n[ 9 ?is noisy city p5t1 :o frequ5tly rememb] ! days ( *ildhood :51 among pa/ures ( clov] or amid/ fl[]y hea? & woodl&s1 !y li/5$ to ! *e]ful hum ( bees4 ,p>tly f a desire to revive ^! old associations1 & also f a natural lik+ = ! t5dance ( liv+ creatures1 su* p]sons w\ld be glad to keep bees if !y ?\ght x possible to d s 9 ,london or its suburbs ) any *ance ( success4 ,we d n wond] t _m %\ld d\bt ev5 ! possibility ( bees fe$+ !mselves amid/ su* an endless meal ( brick2 b we c easily prove t bees1 if n plac$ too ne> to smoky *imneys1 are able to produce honey1 bo? = !mselves & = _! ma/]s4 ,to make ?is pla9 we w m5tion "s special in/ances ( metropolitan bee-keep+4 ,ab\t a c5tury ago a ,mr4 ,wildman kept a bee-h\se & honey w>eh\se 9 ,holborn1 ne> to :]e ,middle ,r[ lately /ood4 ,he 0 n only a tradesman1 b 0 also ! api>ian ( 8 day4 ,he kept hives ( ?riv+ bees on ! ro( ( 8 h\se 9 ,holborn1 & _m ( ! nobility & g5try us$ to m\nt ?i!r 9 ord] to inspect ! api>y4 ,at t p]iod ,/4 ,pancras 0 a village two miles nor?-we/ ( ,london1 & :at is n[ ! ,reg5t's ,p>k 0 op5 c\ntry4 ,x 0 !n mu* easi] = ,london bees to f9d _! fav\rite =age1 b ,mr4 ,wildman believ$ t 8 hives 7 fill$ ) /ores f a consid]able di/ance4 ,:il/ enjoy+ 8 c\ntry rambles on ,hamp/ead ,hea?1 he _h a %rewd suspicion t _m ( ! bees he !re obs]v$ ga!r+ honey 7 lab\r]s f 8 own api>y4 ,9 ord] to id5tify 8 own flock among/ ! re/ he hit ^u a homely b v effective exp$i5t4 ,hav+ borr[$ ,mrs4 ,wildman's dr$g+ box1 he /ation$ himself ne> ! entrance ( 8 hives1 & g5tly du/$ 8 bees ) fl\r z !y issu$ =?4 ,he !n betook himself to ,hamp/ead1 :]e he f\nd 8 previ\s surmise confirm$1 = !re 7 numb]s ( 8 bees 9 _! liv]y ( :ite4 ,wildman became not$ = ! rem>kable control he obta9$ ov] 8 bees1 _m in/ances ( :i* he exhibit$ be=e ! public4 ,sev]al ( 8 op]ations ) !m 7 reg>d$ z feats ( leg]dema9 by ! un9itiat$1 z :5 he appe>$ be=e ,k+ ,george ,,iii41 ) a sw>m ( bees hang+ 9 fe/oons f 8 *91 or susp5d$ 9 a clu/] at arms' l5g?4 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture rec5tly1 9 allud+ to ,wildman1 gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s z to 8 p]=mances3-- ,ne> ! ',?ree ,hats1' ,isl+ton1 0 a place ( popul> ent]ta9m5t call$ ',dobney's ,tea ,g>d5s1' kept by ,mrs4 ,ann ,dobney4 ,^! g>d5s occupi$ ! gr\nd betwe5 ,:ite ,lion ,/reet & ,w9*e/] ,place1 & 7 e/abli%$ z f> back z #agbh4 ,9 #agga ! h\se 0 tak5 = a %ort "t z a bo>d+ s*ool2 b x 0 soon *ang$ to its orig9al purpose z a place ( amusem5t1 = 9 #aggb ,daniel ,wildman exhibit$ bees "h4 ,?is is a copy ( ! adv]tisem5t3-- ',june #bj1 #aggb4 ,exhibition ( bees on horseback6 at ! ,jubilee ,g>d5s1 ,isl+ton 7late ,dobney's71 ?is & e ev5+1 until fur!r notice 7wet ev5+s except$74 ',! celebrat$ ,daniel ,wildman w exhibit sev]al new & amaz+ exp]im5ts1 nev] attempt$ by any man 9 ?is or any o!r k+dom be=e4 ,! rid] /&+ upright1 "o foot on ! saddle & "o on ! neck1 ) a mask ( bees on 8 head & face4 ,he also rides /&+ upright on ! saddle ) ! bridle 9 8 m\?1 &1 by fir+ a pi/ol1 makes "o "p ( ! bees m>* ov] ! table1 & ! o!r sw>m 9 ! air & return to _! hive aga91 ) o!r p]=mances too t$i\s to ins]t4 ,! doors op5 at six2 to beg9 at a qu>t] be=e sev54 ,admittance--,box & gall]y1 #bs42 ! o!r seats4 #as4' ,! secret ( ,wildman's skilful manipulation is well und]/ood n[2 x consi/$ 9 a c>eful hold+ & disposal ( ! que51 toge!r ) confid5ce 9 ! g5]ally in(f5sive disposition ( bees4 ,dr4 ,evans1 :om we h (t5 quot$ = 8 correct in=mation 9 api>ian matt]s1 ?us speaks ( 8 feats3-- ,su* 0 ! spell :i* r\nd a ,wildman's arm ,tw9$ 9 d>k wrea?s ! fasc9at$ sw>m1 ,bright o'er 8 brea/ ! glitt]+ legions l$1 ,or ) a liv+ g>l& b\nd 8 head4 ,8 dextr\s h&1 ) firm1 yet hurtless hold1 ,c\ld seize ! *ief1 kn[n by h] scales ( gold1 ,amid/ ! wond]+ tra9 prune h] ?9 w+4 ,or o'er h] folds ! silk5 fett] fl+4 ,to recur to our subject4 ,aft] ! days ( ,wildman our own e/abli%m5t 9 ,holborn became widely kn[n = beehives & honey4 ,al?\gh we nev] attempt$ to />t a ,london api>y at all approa*+ 9 ext5t t ( our pr$ecessor1 we h occasionally kept bees on ! h\se-top1 bo? 9 ,holborn & ,reg5t ,/reet4 ,at ea* ( ^? situations we h notic$ t ! bees br+ poll5 z well z honey into _! hives4 ,"o summ] !re 0 br\ght "u our notice an illu/ration ( ! acut5ess ( ! sc5t ( bees & ( _! dilig5t se>* = food1 prov+1 too1 t if sweets c be obta9$1 ev5 f unusual s\rces1 ! bees w f9d !m out4 ,a poor woman1 :o1 at ! corn] ( an adjac5t /reet1 v5ds br&y balls1 t(fee1 rock1 & o!r sac*>9e comp\nds--all well kn[n to mo/ juv5iles--us$ to receive frequ5t visits f our bees4 ,_! visits to ! old dame's doma9 7 at fir/ r int]e/+1 & if ! few pione]s :o _h ! sagacity to f9d su* a /ore _h kept ! secret only to !mselves1 _! company w\ld n h be5 object$ to4 ,su* selfi% policy does n1 h[ev]1 accord ) ! social in/9ct ( bees1 & ^! soon in=m$ _! companions ( ! good =tune provid$ = !m 9 an ar*ipelago ( sug> isl&s4 ,day by day ! sw>ms ( ^! un9vit$ visitors increas$1 until all legitimate cu/om]s 7 beat5 (f2 & ! old dame _h to see1 n only h] hope ( ga9 de/roy$1 b h] /ock ( goodies s5sibly dim9i%+ by ! !fts ( ^! brig&s ( ! air4 ,%e c\ld n1 or d>$ n attempt to1 drive ! intrud]s away1 s made dilig5t enquiry z to :]e ! robb]s 7 h>b\r$4 ,hav+ trac$ !m to our e/abli%m5t 9 ,reg5t ,/reet1 %e came to implore ( u to move ! bees if possible1 or %e w\ld h to move h] /all1 & s lose h] connection 9 ! t(fee & rock trade4 ,wi%+ n to h9d] ! poor woman 9 ga9+ h] livelihood1 we decid$ on remov+ our bees into ! c\ntry4 ,ano!r special in/ance ( bees be+ pr(itably kept 9 proximity to ! busy ?or\ghf>es ( ,london is n[ be=e u4 ,two ye>s ago we suppli$ a /ock ( ,engli% bees to a g5tleman resid+ 9 ! ,/r&1 ! back w9d[s ( ^: h\se op5 on ! ,?ames ,embankm5t & ! riv]4 ,?us ! bees h a f9e op5 flight1 z _! hive is plac$ aga9/ ! sa% on a ?ird floor 7an op5+ is cut to mat* ! entrance1 s t ! bees h a cov]$ way to _! hive72 f ?is !y are se5 tak+ _! flight across ! riv] ,?ames1 to :at may be ?\ght ! unattractive locality ( ,lambe?4 ,h[ev]1 !y seem to rea* "s gre5 fields & pa/ures new1 probably 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ar*bi%op's palace1 = !y return lad5 ) poll5 f fl[]s1 & dur+ ! two summ]s t ! hive has be5 s locat$1 h yield$ nice glasses ( honeycomb z well z af=d$ a consid]able am\nt ( pleasure to ! own] & 8 fri5ds1 ) e prospect ( go+ on fl\ri%+4 ,x is difficult to assign an exact limit to ! di/ance t bees w g 9 se>* ( honey-yield+ blossoms4 ,x has be5 prov$ by v>i\s exp]im5ts t !y w fly1 say1 five or six miles1 if ! supplies are scanty )9 a %ort] radius2 b bees well und]/& t fir/ ( all economies1 ! sav+ ( "t1 & if !y c f9d =age ne> at h& !y pref] x4 ,h5ce1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! quantity ( honey /or$ w be 9 proportion to ! contiguity ( good pa/urage4 ,9 ?is way x is t ! sy/ematic removal ( hives1 z practis$ 9 _m di/ricts1 has su* a notable effect on ! honey h>ve/4 ,a novel sight = ,london]s to witness occurr$ 9 ,june #ahfe4 ,a sw>m1 hav+ be5 ord]$ to be s5t into ! c\ntry ! foll[+ morn+1 0 tempor>ily plac$ on ! leads at ! back ( our h\se1 #adi1 ,reg5t ,/reet4 ,! sun %9+ hot on ! hive1 or "s o!r cause1 induc$ ! inmates to decamp4 ,aft] a "t a pass]-by call$ 9 to in=m u t "s bees _h arre/$ ! progress ( a cab4 ,we at once conjectur$ t !y 7 our miss+ sw>m1 ! abs5ce ( :i* _h previ\sly puzzl$ u n a little2 s we s5t our man ) a /raw hive to br+ ! truants back1 :i* he succe$$ 9 do+1 foll[$ to ! door by a cr[d1 :o 7 amaz$ at ! sight ( ! 'oney-bees1 z ! ,cockney lads call$ !m4 ,cabby _h to be comp5sat$ = ! loss ( 8 f>e1 = ! affright$ pass5g]s _h left him 9 a hurry1 s t1 altoge!r1 no little commotion 0 caus$--a cr[d s soon collects 9 ,london /reets4 ,dur+ sev]al ye>s we kept bees 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 & h !re frequ5tly tak5 full & h&some glasses ( honey4 ,! position ( our api>y 0 on ! site n[ occupi$ by ! new monkey h\se4 ,! visitors to ! g>d5s f\nd consid]able int]e/ 9 wat*+ ! bees 9 our glass hives1 & 7 aft]w>ds mu* disappo9t$ at ! abs5ce ( s ent]ta9+ an exhibition4 ,! writ] _h ! hon\r ( %[+ & expla9+ ! work+ ( ^! hives to "s ( ! juv5ile memb]s ( our ,royal ,family :o _h come to ! g>d5s on "o ( _! accu/om$ e>ly morn+ visits ) _! ,fr5* gov]ness4 ,_! conv]sation 0 9 ,fr5*2 & on ent]+ ! bee-room1 ,reg>dez les abeilles6 ,voyez done la re9e6 0 soon on _! lips4 ,! "y pr9cesses took special c>e t _! bro!r ,ar?ur1 z !y affectionately call$ him 7n[ kn[n by ! title ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,duke ( ,connaught71 %\ld obs]ve ! att5tion paid by ! work+ bees to _! que51 z well z to o!r po9ts ( int]e/ connect$ ) ! busy sc5e be=e !m1 ) :i* !y all express$ !mselves mu* delight$4 ,a collection ( ^! hives 7 also exhibit$ by ! ,acclimatisation ,society ( ,great ,brita91 ) liv+ bees 9 !m1 at ! ,fi% ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,g>d5s1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & prosp]$ satisfactorily until remov$1 ! space be+ requir$ = o!r objects4 ,a g5tleman resid+ 9 ,/4 ,james's ,place has1 = "s consid]able "t pa/1 kept bees 9 8 g>d5 !re4 ,he uses our improv$ cottage hives1 & 8 bee-keep+ is decid$ly successful1 z he g5]ally takes "s f9e glasses ( honey ea* season1 besides leav+ suffici5t z w9t] /ore = ! bees4 ,= a ,london situation1 ,/4 ,james's ,place is a v fav\rable "o2 ! g>d5s beh9d ! h\ses pleasantly face ! ,gre5 ,p>k1 s t ! bees h an un9t]rupt$ flight to />t )4 ,!y are also )9 easy range ( ! ri*ly fl[]$ g>d5s ( ,buck+ham ,palace & ^? ( ! nobility & g5try :o reside ar\nd ! ,p>ks4 ,to ^? g>d5s ! bees ( ,/4 ,james's ,place resort1 )\t wait+ = any lic5ce or c]tificate f ! royal & noble own]s ( ! honey-yield+ pres]ves4 ,be+ )9 a %ort di/ance ( our e/abli%m5t1 :5 ?is g5tleman's bees sw>m he g5]ally s5ds to u = assi/ance 9 hiv+ !m4 ,! neighb\rhood ( ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 &1 inde$1 almo/ all ! suburbs ( ,london1 are fav\rable = ! production ( honey4 ,we m5tion ,/4 ,john's ,wood because1 f ! fact ( hav+ kept bees !re ourselves1 we are able to prove by exp]i5ce t !y d well 9 t locality4 ,we "k ( sev]al bee-keep]s on ne>ly all sides ( ! t[n :o h ea* _h a consid]able surplus ( honey 9 _! sup]s1 aft] leav+ suffici5t = ! bees !mselves 9 ! l[] or /ock hives4 ,:il/ ref]r+ to ?is "p ( ! environs ( ! metropolis we take ! opportunity ( expla9+ t our own api>y 7a col\r$ view ( :i* =ms ! frontispiece ( ?is "w7 is situat$ ne> ,hamp/ead4 ,! spot is n s easy ( access z might be desir$1 be+ some:at remote f ! road1 9 a portion ( a mead[ betwe5 ,we/ ,end & ,kilburn4 ,on look+ at ! picture1 x w be se5 t !re are a l>ge numb$ ( hives on sep>ate /&s1 mo/ly b>-frame hives1 at "s little di/ance f ea* o!r1 9 ord] to prev5t confusion :5 manipulat+4 ,at ! back1 ne> ! h$ge we h "s hives on rails1 :i* l ! o!rs are well protect$ f ! wea!r1 e "o hav+ its own cov]+4 ,besides ^! !re are ?ree bee-h\ses1 :i* are s suitable = pres]v+ f ! wea!r hives ) fix$ combs1 & :]e !re is less ne$ = manipulation1 su* z our /raw cottage hives4 ,"o h\se w conta9 six hives1 ano!r ?ree1 & a ?ird two4 ,^! h\ses are expla9$ at page #aff4 ,at ! back1 ab\t ! c5tre ( ! draw+1 is ! op]at+ h\se1 also =m+ a /oreh\se or magaz9e :]e api>ian app5dages are kept1 toge!r ) fe$+ syrup & combs1 etc41 s ess5tial = use1 & :i* yet mu/ be secur$ f ! ?ievi% prop5sities ( ! bees1 & access to :i*1 if possible to ga91 demoralises !m s mu* t !y make w> & attempt to pillage ea* o!r's hives1 z else:]e ref]r$ to4 ,! %all[ pans 9 front 7e>!n milk pans7 h wat] 9 !m1 & are s plac$ t ! bees may h access to moi/ure1 :i* is s ess5tial = !m 9 spr+ = comb-build+ & bre$+4 ,/raight /raws are float$ on ! wat] s z to admit ( ! bees imbib+ )\t ! liability ( _! be+ dr[n$4 ,on ?is gr\nd we l>gely cultivate ,italian bees1 & unite import$ que5s to colonies ( ,engli% bees1 to be ready to supply sw>ms & /ocks !refrom z pure & g5u9e z possible4 ,! di/rict is n s good = bees z if x 7 f>!r 9 ! c\ntry & m remov$ f ,london smoke2 nev]!less we h _h f9e sup]s work$ "h1 & f9d x a great conv5i5ce to h a bee-f>m at s mod]ate a di/ance f' t[n to c>ry on ?is dep>tm5t ( our trade4 ,"s "t ago we exhibit$ 9 our w9d[ a sup] ( f9e honey f ! api>y ( ,mr4 ,%irley ,hibb]d1 ! proprietor & editor ( ! ,g>d5]'s ,weekly ,magaz9e4 ,x consi/$ ( a box conta9+ tw5ty p\nds nett weight ( honey1 & 0 produc$ at ,/oke ,new+ton1 only ?ree & a qu>t] miles f ! ,g5]al ,po/ ,(fice4 ,! ,times ,bee-,ma/]1 ^: lett]s f ,tunbridge ,wells awak5$ s mu* int]e/ 9 ?is pleas+ pursuit1 also commission$ u to exhibit a sup] produc$ "u 8 own managem5t 9 t locality4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,b4 ,fox1 at ,exet]1 _h upw>ds ( f\r hundr$ p\nds ( honey1 ( excell5t quality1 ?\gh "o ( 8 api>ies is q )9 ! city4 ,,xii4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks4 ,book-,keep+4 ,e bee-keep] %\ld be a book-keep]1 t is s f> z to h a p]man5t record ( ! ev5ts ( ! api>y & ! =tunes ( 8 bees4 ,a book simil> to a tradesman's j\rnal w\ld be v suitable = ! purpose4 ,9 x he %\ld note d[n ! date ( ! fir/ sw>m ( ! season especially1 & ^? ( o!r sw>ms also2 & 9 autumn ! quantity ( honey tak5 f ea* hive %\ld be ent]$1 ) rem>ks on ! probable size & weight ( ! v>i\s /ocks4 ,^! p>ticul>s w n only be int]e/+ = ! bee-keep] to turn to 9 w9t]1 b w be ( practical s]vice 9 enabl+ him to "k ! exact age & probable /r5g? ( ea* /ock4 ,! bee-book may also be contriv$ to %[ ! total am\nt ( honey t ! bees h produc$ = _! own]1 & ! nett pr(its ( ! api>y4 ,a simple & cle> acc\nt l ?is--provid$1 by ! bye1 t x does %[ a satisfactory balance--w be v useful = induc+ cottag]s & f>m-lab\r]s to />t bee-keep+4 ,no?+ l ocul> demon/ration = ?is class4 ,! humane api>ian w reason ) !m 9 va9 until he %[s !m a mon/] skep ( honey & m5tions ! price t x w fet* 9 ! m>ket4 ,:5 conv9c$ t ! depriv+ sy/em w pay1 ! cottag] w gladly adopt x4 ,advice = ,cottag]s1 etc4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review 7^: article has s9ce be5 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,murray z a %ill+ h&book1 ,! ,honey ,bee7 gives ! foll[+ good advice3 ,don't bore ! cottag] ) long lectures2 don't heap ^u him _m little books2 b give him a hive ( ! be/ con/ruction1 %[ him ! managem5t1 & !n buy 8 honey2 buy all he br+s1 ev5 ?\gh y %\ld h to give ! surplus to "s g>d5less wid[4 ,b only buy su* z comes f an improv$ hive--& y _c easily be deceiv$ 9 ?is--"o :i* pres]ves ! bees & bett]s ! honey4 ,!n1 :5 y pay him1 y may read to him1 if y w1 ! wise rules ( old ,butl]1 exempli gratia3-- ',if ?\ wilt h ! fav\r ( ?y bees t !y /+ !e n1 ?\ mu/ n be un*a/e or uncleanly2 ?\ mu/ n come among !m ) a /9k+ brea?1 caus$ ei!r ?r\gh eat+ ( leeks1 onions1 or g>lic1 or by any o!r means1 ! noisom5ess :]e( is correct$ by a cup ( be]2 ?\ mu/ n be giv5 to surfeit+ or drunk5ness2 ?\ mu/ n come puff+ or bl[+ unto !m1 nei!r ha/ily /ir among !m1 nor viol5tly def5d ?yself :5 !y seem to ?reat5 !e2 b1 s(tly mov+ by1 ?y h& be=e ?y face1 g5tly put !m by2 &1 la/ly1 ?\ mu/ be no /rang] to !m4 ,9 a ^w 7or r 9 five words71 be *a/e1 sweet1 sob]1 quiet1 famili>2 s !y w love !e & "k !e f all o!rs4' ,^! wise rules ( old ,butl] are1 h[ev]1 9 ! ma9 tak5 f ,columella4 ,allusion hav+ be5 made to ! pr(it t may be ga9$ by ! judici\s managem5t ( bees1 we w illu/rate t po9t by relat+ an anecdote ( a c]ta9 ,fr5* cur4#cd ,x is "o :i* may be sugge/ive to "s ( ! rural cl]gy 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o might almo/ z easily keep an api>y z !y d a g>d5 or an or*>d4 ,footnote #cd3 ,?is /ory1 9 a disguis$ =m1 or1 z ! writ] w\ld say1 an improv$ =m1 0 quot$ 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e "s "t ago4 ,9 trans=m+ ! bee-keep+ cur into an ,engli% cl]gyman ! effect 0 clev]ly enhanc$1 especially z to ! dismay ( ! decor\s ,engli% prelate 9 he>+ t 8 poor bro!r 9 ! ,*ur* _h turn$ manufactur]2 b !n ! vraisemblance ( ! /ory1 z we h x1 0 de/roy$4 ,a good ,fr5* bi%op1 9 pay+ 8 annual visit to 8 cl]gy1 0 v mu* afflict$ by ! repres5tations !y made to him ( _! extreme pov]ty1 :i*1 inde$1 ! appe>ance ( _! h\ses & families corroborat$4 ,deplor+ ! sad /ate ( ?+s :i* _h r$uc$ !m to su* a condition1 he arriv$ at ! h\se ( a curate1 :o1 liv+ among/ a poor] set ( p>i%ion]s ?an any he _h yet visit$1 w\ld1 he fe>$1 be 9 a /ill m w(ul plight ?an ! re/4 ,contr>y1 h[ev]1 to 8 expectations1 he f\nd ! appe>ance ( ?is remote p>sonage to be sup]ior to ^? he _h already visit$4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ! h\se wore ! aspect ( com=t & pl5ty4 ,! good bi%op 0 amaz$4 ,h[ is ?is1 my fri5d8 said he2 y are ! fir/ pa/or ,i h met ) hav+ a *e]ful face & a pl5tiful bo>d6 ,h y any income indep5d5t ( y\r cure8 ,yes1 sire1 said ! pa/or1 ,i h3 my family w\ld />ve on ! pittance ,i receive f ! poor p t ,i in/ruct4 ,if y w walk into ! g>d51 ,i w %[ y ! /ock t yields me su* excell5t int]e/4 ,on go+ into ! g>d5 he %[$ ! bi%op a long range ( beehives4 ,!re1 said he1 is ! bank f :i* ,i draw an annual divid5d1 & x is "o t nev] /ops paym5t4 ,8 h>ve/ ( honey enabl$ him almo/ to disp5se ) ! use ( sug>1 leav+ him a consid]able quantity = disposal 9 ! m>ket2 ( ! co>s] portions he made a tol]able sub/itute = w9e1 & ! sale ( ! wax ne>ly paid 8 %oemak]'s bill4 ,ev] aft]w>ds1 :5 any ( ! cl]gy compla9$ to ! bi%op ( pov]ty1 he w\ld say to !m1 ,keep bees6 keep bees6 ,9 ?is succ9ct advice--ext5d+ x to laity z well z cl]gy 9 rural di/ricts--we he>tily jo91 believ+ t 9 ?is c\ntry a t5fold great] numb] ( hives might be successfully kept ?an are n[ e/abli%$4 ,9 a v practical s5se ! (t-repeat$ l9es ( ,gray are /rictly true3-- ,full _m a fl[] is born to blu% unse51 ,& wa/e its sweetness on ! des]t air4 ,an api>y 9 ! g>d5 ( e village cl]gyman w\ld af=d ! means ( economis+ ?is unclaim$ b\nty ( ,provid5ce4 ,an ,old ,anecdote4 ,an amus+ in/ance ( ! fondness ( be>s = honey is relat$ by a ,muscovite ambassador to ,rome1 9 ! ,fem99e ,mon>*ie2 writt5 out ( ,exp]i5ce by ,*>les ,butl]4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,ye> #afji--;a qua9t1 b s5sible "w3-- ,a neighb\r ( m9e 7sai? he71 9 se>*+ 9 ! woods = honey1 slipp$ d[n into a great holl[ tree1 & !re sunk into a lake ( honey up to ! brea/2 :]e--:5 he _h /uck fa/ two days1 call+ & cry+ out 9 va9 = help1 because nobody 9 ! mean:ile came nigh t solit>y place--at l5g?1 :5 he 0 out ( all hope ( life1 he 0 /rangely deliv]$ by ! means ( a great be>1 :i*1 com+ ?i!r ab\t ! same bus9ess t he did1 & smell+ ! honey1 /irr$ ) 8 /riv+1 clamb]$ up to ! top ( ! tree1 & !n began to l[] himself d[n backw>ds into x4 ,! man be?9k+ himself1 & kn[+ t ! wor/ 0 b dea?--:i* 9 t place he 0 sure (--beclipt ! be> fa/ ) bo? 8 h&s ab\t ! lo9s1 & )al made an outcry z l\d z he c\ld4 ,! be> be+ ?us sudd5ly affright$1 :at ) ! h&l+ & :at ) ! noise1 made up aga9 ) all spe$ possible4 ,! man held1 & ! be> pull$1 until1 ) ma9 =ce1 he _h drawn him out ( ! mire2 & !n be+ let g1 away he trots1 m afe>$ ?an hurt1 leav+ ! sme>$ swa9 9 joyful fe>4 ,in/ructions = ,new ,bee-,keep]s4 ,bees may be v inexp5sively & pr(itably kept 9 ! cottag]'s hive 7see page #aaj71 :i* w be f\nd a v productive "o4 ,x is true t x has n ! appliances ( w9d[s & bell glasses2 = ! cottag] is n suppos$ s mu* to c>e = 8 hives z a s\rce ( amusem5t2 8 object 9 bee-keep+ is simply ! pr(it x may br+4 ,= ^? ( our read]s :o wi% to h unit$ ! facility ( obs]v+ ! bees ) t ( ! pl5tiful production ( honey1 we w\ld especially recomm5d ! improv$ cottag]'s hive1 describ$ at page #aab4 ,if incl9$ to g to a little fur!r exp5se1 ! hives describ$ at pages #aac1 #abj1 #aci1 & #adc1 all af=d con/ant opportunity = inspection ( ! bees1 & all[ ( _! work+ freely 9 ! mo/ natural mann]4 ,! ,/ew>ton hive 7page #adf7 is also a fav\rite ) ^? :o give ! pref]5ce to honey /or$ 9 boxes1 al?\gh ! opportunities = obs]vation are n s great z ) "s o!rs4 ,r5frew%ire ,bee-,keep]'s ,h9ts on ,sup]+ & ,prev5tion ( ,sw>m+4 ,! m5tion aga9 ( ! ,/ew>ton hive af=ds u an opportunity ( :i* we avail ourselves to put be=e our read]s an extract f a private lett] receiv$ :il/ ! =ego+ pages are 9 type1 f t successful & accompli%$ api>ian already allud$ to1 ,! ,r5frew%ire ,bee-keep]1 :i* seems to u to conta9 a useful h9t or two z reg>ds putt+ on sup]s & ! prev5tion ( sw>m+1 :i*1 al?\gh practis$ ) our fri5d's fav\rite hive1 c be advantage\sly adopt$ ) o!r hives4 ,he says1 ,9 work+ ,/ew>ton colonies1 ,i am seldom tr\bl$ ) sw>ms1 ! secret be+1 9 giv+ sup] space at ! nick ( "t1 be=e sw>m+ mania seizes !m2 & :5 once !y h tak5 to sup]s1 ,i keep an ample supply ( space 9 advance ( _! wants4 ,h[ev] hot ! wea!r may become1 !y someh[ retire up/airs to ?is vacant room1 & comb-build+ !re af=ds !m employm5t1 & !y d n readily ?9k ( sw>m+4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! beg9n+ ( summ] la/ ye> 7#ahgf71 ! season 0 s bad t at fir/ ,i gave !m little room2 sudd5ly ! wea!r became hot & fav\rable1 & "o /rong colony sw>m$ "r (f4 ,i excis$ ! royal cells1 & return$ ! bees2 no use--(f !y came aga9 9 eight or t5 days' "t2 took ! hive to pieces1 cut out all royal cells1 & 9 addition1 ! ?\ght hav+ occurr$ to me t matur+ drone brood 0 an accessory to sw>m+ condition1 ,i excis$ e portion ( t also4 ,) sev5 sup]s 7ea* f\r in*es deep7 !y re/$ cont5t & kept to "w mo/ vigor\sly1 nev] attempt+ to sw>m aga94 ,f ?is extract ! practical bee-keep] may le>n mu*2 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds depriv+ ! bees ( ! incl9ation to sw>m by cutt+ away ! drone brood4 ,p]haps we may "h be all[$ to advise ! fill+ up ( vacancies :]e excision ( drone comb is made 7:e!r ) brood or )\t71 by ! ins]tion ( clean work] comb1 9 ord] to prev5t ! con/ruction ( ! =m]4 ,bees ,work+ 9 ,sup]s4 ,!re is a little matt] "h ) reg>d to bees work+ 9 sup]s t %\ld be notic$1 & t is t :5 ! asc5d+ hole is r\nd & 9 ! c5tre ( ! /ock hives1 ! bees sometimes />t wrong & c>ry ! comb upw>ds4 ,?is has two objections3 ! fir/ is t ! bees d n "w s quickly z :5 !y beg9 f ! ro( ( ! sup]1 & ! o!r is t ! que5 ga9s an easy asc5t & deposits eggs 9 cells :]e honey is want$4 ,:5 ?is /yle ( comb-build+ is obs]v$1 x is be/ to take ! sup] (f1 cut ! comb d[n1 & endeav\r to make x adh]e to ! cr[n ( ! sup] by us+ a little melt$ wax 7page #bfa1 or if a glass1 z recomm5d$ at page #bfb71 s t ! bees may cont9ue ! "w1 z is _! wont1 d[nw>ds4 ,!re are few hobbies :i* co/ s little outlay z ! keep+ ( bees4 ,once ! plant ( hives is pur*as$1 !re is little1 if any1 additional exp5se1 & always a probability ( a fair return4 ,if honey be obta9able ! bees w f9d x2 !y "w = no?+1 & provide !mselves ) su/5ance1 requir+ only a v little lab\r f _! keep]s1 & t lab\r ( a pleas+ & in/ructive k9d4 ,to ! advanc$ & skilful api>ian we w\ld especially comm5d ! use ( ! frame hives4 ,) ^!1 z we h attempt$ to %[1 ! bee-keep] has a full comm& ov] 8 hives & bees4 ,_m mi/akes1 x is true1 h be5 made by un9itiat$ bee-keep]s 9 us+ ! m elaborate hives4 ,be+ /ruck ) ! rem>kable facilities af=d$ by ^! sup]ior hives = ! extraction ( any "o comb1 &1 p]haps1 fasc9at$ ) _! easy sway ov] s highly organis$ a community1 ^! new-fangl$ bee-keep]s h acquir$ a habit ( p]petually & incauti\sly m$dl+ ) ! bees4 ,! inevitable results 9 su* cases are1 di/ress to ! bees1 impov]i%m5t ( ! /ocks1 & loss & vexation to ! ov]-zeal\s api>ian4 ,all ^! ?+s may be avoid$ if x is rememb]$ t !re are fir/ /eps 9 bee-keep+1 z well z 9 *emi/ry1 croquet1 or cricket4 ,9 bee-keep+1 z 9 floriculture1 x is a great po9t to "k :5 to let well alone4 ,!re is no flori/1 h[ev] anxi\s = a prize1 :o w\ld be cont9ually pull+ up 8 plants to see h[ _! roots 7 gr[+4 ,d\btless ! full control :i* ! b>s & frames af=d ov] ! inmo/ recesses ( ! hives is a great temptation to ! bee-keep]2 b if he yields too readily to x he w imp]il 8 *ance ( pr(it & deprive himself ( t cont9u\s s\rce ( int]e/ :i* a judici\s api>ian always enjoys4 ,ignorance ,conc]n+ ,bees4 ,_m p]sons :o are well-in=m$ on mo/ subjects are pr(\ndly ignorant on all po9ts ( ! natural hi/ory ( bees2 & z ) old s ) "y4 ,z an amus+ illu/ration ( ?is1 we may transcribe an ord] we receiv$ a few ye>s back f a sem9>y 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&3 ,ma/] pres5ts 8 complim5ts to ,messrs4 ,neighb\r1 & begs !y w s5d him a sw>m ( bees2 he encloses six po/age /amps1 & hopes !y w s5d him a good sw>m4 ,?is embryo naturali/ 0 evid5tly ( a m]cantile turn1 & _h a m9d to buy 9 ! *eape/ m>ket1 = 9 a po/script he adds3 ,please let x be f\rp5ce1 if y c6 ,we ne$ sc>cely say t1 9 reply1 we endeav\r$ to enlight5 our juv5ile correspond5t z to :at con/itut$ a sw>m ( bees1 & return$ ! /amps1 ) our ?anks4 ,sup]/ition ,respect+ ,bees4 ,mu* sup]/ition has exi/$1 &1 9 "s qu>t]s1 /ill exi/s1 among ! poor respect+ bees4 ,if a dea? occurs 9 ! family ( ! bee-own]1 ^! sup]/iti\s folk consid] x ne$ful to make ! bees aw>e ( ! b]eavem5t by wak+ !m2 t is1 by giv+ a few raps at ! entrance1 & audibly ann\nc+ ! circum/ance4 ,if ?is be n done1 no luck1 say !y1 w come ( ! bees ! foll[+ season4 ,"o summ]1 ev5 ne> ! metropolis1 we he>d a cottag] bemoan+ to 8 neighb\r 8 bad luck ) 8 bees1 :5 ! o!r repli$1 ,ah6 no wond]2 y nev] 'wak$' y\r bees :5 y\r wife di$2 :at c y expect if y omit su* ne$ful duty8 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,france1 z well z "h1 x is a cu/om on su* occasions to put ! bees into m\rn+1 by plac+ black crape or "s su* mat]ial r\nd ! hives4 ,bees also receive intellig5ce :5 a m>riage or a *ri/5+ takes place3 9 ^! cases ! hives are drap$ ) r$ clo?4 ,9 fact x is consid]$ an ess5tial elem5t ( good luck to in=m ! bees ( any rem>kable circum/ance t occurs 9 ! family ( ! bee-keep]4 ,h[ w\ld ^! good p manage ) ! newly import$ =eign bees1 = !y c h>dly be expect$ to h le>n$ our l+o8 ,?is difficulty is1 h[ev]1 n likely to be exp]i5c$1 = ! keep+ ( sup]ior sorts implies an intellig5ce t w\ld be above any su* pitiable nons5se4 ,fancy a man 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury h>angu+ 8 bees aft] ! above-m5tion$ fa%ion6 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? says t "s sup]/iti\s folk 9 ,am]ica ass]t t ! bees sometimes take ! loss ( _! ma/] s mu* to he>t z to alight ^u ! c(f9 :5ev] x is expos$4 ,a cl]gyman told him t he att5d$ a fun]al :]e1 z soon z ! c(f9 0 br\ght f ! h\se1 ! bees ga!r$ on x s mu* z to excite al>m4 ,"s ye>s aft] ?is occurr5ce1 be+ engag$ 9 v>ni%+ a table1 ! bees alight$ ^u x 9 su* numb]s z to conv9ce ! cl]gyman t love ( ! v>ni% on ! outside1 r ?an any respect = ! deceas$ )91 0 ! occasion ( _! conduct at ! fun]al4 ,mr4 ,lang/ro? adds3 ,h[ _m sup]/itions1 believ$ ev5 by intellig5t p]sons1 might be z easily expla9$1 if x 7 possible to asc]ta9 z fully all ! facts connect$ ) !m6 ,only a %ort "t s9ce an ,engli% cl]gyman in=m$ u ( a sev]e conte/ go+ on 9 8 g>d5 betwe5 ,*ur* & ,diss5t1 = he _h a hive ( bees f a ,noncon=mi/ 9 8 p>i%1 & ^! diss5t+ bees p]si/5tly attack$ 8 hives to su* an ext5t t he really mu/ get rid ( !m1 & ?us lib]ate 8 episcopal api>y f su* discordant di/urb]s ( ! peace4#ce ,ano!r infatuation is1 t y %\ld on no acc\nt "p ) y\r bees = silv] money--only = gold4 ,?is is s f> s5sible t x ensures a respectable price4 ,c]ta9 cr$ul\s bee-keep]s _c1 on any acc\nt1 be induc$ to "p ) _! bees = money2 !y w b>t]1 b n sell--to sell bees is1 9 _! view1 to lay !mselves op5 to evil =tune4 ,if ^! appreh5sions are correct1 our puni%m5t w be a sev]e "o1 = we h be5 great (f5d]s 9 t way1 & seem likely to g on s9n+4 ,footnote #ce3 ,! explanation may probably be t a /rong hive 0 br\ght close to weak or que5less ones4 ,! culture ( bees w\ld be greatly promot$ if a k ( x 7 consid]$ necess>y z "o ( ! regul> qualifications ( a g>d5]4 ,s little "t is ne$$ to ga9 ! skill requisite = ! t5dance ( an api>y1 t x seems only reasonable to expect x ( a well-taught g>d5]1 & he %\ld feel a pleasure 9 ! circum/ance ( its =m+ a "p ( 8 duties4 ,9 ,g]many1 :]e a c\ntry g5tleman's table is kept con/antly suppli$ ) fre% honey1 ! g>d5]s are expect$ to und]/& ! managem5t ( hives2 & 9 ,bav>ia mod]n bee-culture is taught 9 ! colleges to all ! horticultural /ud5ts4 ,travell]s 9 ,switz]l& w call to m9d ! almo/ inv>iable practice ( plac+ new honey on ! breakfa/ tables at hotels 9 t c\ntry4 ,we are told t "s ( ?is new honey s highly approv$ ( is only gold5 syrup ) a portion ( ! col\r extract$1 & possibly o!rwise made up to be palatable2 also t !re is a factory 9 ,switz]l& do+ a pr(itable bus9ess 9 ?is way4 ,if su* be ! case1 t\ri/s are (t5 tak5 94 ,treacle w d no "o any h>m1 b x is n pleasant to be gull$ except = ! reason t ignorance is bliss4 ,caution ,respect+ ,flight ,hole4 ,f9e colonies are sometimes de/roy$ by ! entrance-way becom+ /opp$ by "s imp$im5t or o!r1 & c>e is requisite to keep a wat*1 t s fatal a cata/rophe does n happ51 because ! bees 7unless :]e v simple v5tilation is giv571 excit$ by _! imprisonm5t1 make matt]s worse1 by rais+ ! temp]ature ( _! hive to su* a pit* t ! combs melt f _! f\ndations1 & ! bees !mselves are suffocat$1 pres5t+1 alas6 a mo/ w(ul spectacle to witness4 ,we give ?is h9t because ( hav+ ourselves suff]$ f a simil> cause :5 workm5 h be5 employ$ 9 ! vic9ity ( hives2 ^! g5tlem51 ?\ghtless ( ! welf>e ( ! bees1 b mo/ c>eful ( _! own conv5i5ce1 h plac$ a piece ( wood across1 or o!rwise /opp$ ! entrances1 to prev5t ! bees com+ out4 ,9 summ] wea!r a v %ort "t ( conf9em5t 9 a close hive suffices to complete ! "w ( desolation2 b %\ld ! bee-keep]'s att5tion be drawn to su* a /ate ( ?+s1 he mu/ imm$iately raise ! hive f ! floor-bo>d & let ! poor bees1 h all ! air possible1 leav+ !m ?us expos$ = ! purpose ( af=d+ !m a *ance ( revival4 ,:5 bees are likely to incommode ^? ^: duties tempor>ily oblige !m to be ne> ! entrances1 x is bett] to cov] ! hive ov] night ) net 9 ! =m ( an inv]t$ bag ti$ at ! base1 s t1 ! bees may be able to get air )9 ! net & n be too closely conf9$4 ,! objection to ?is is t y /op all lab\r1 :i* ( c\rse h>asses ! bees = ! "t1 b !re w be no o!r bad results4 ,! =ego+ rem>ks m p>ticul>ly apply to ! summ] season4 ,9 w9t] or 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! wea!r is cool & ! bees are n s num]\s1 hives may be %ut up ev5 = a day or s )\t mu* v5tilation1 & b little h>m w arise !refrom4 ,hive = ,sw>m+ ,ne$ful4 ,!re is ano!r little matt] ( detail t %\ld be nam$ "h2 t is1 ! necessity ( ! bee-keep] always hav+ a common hive 9 read9ess ne> ! bees1 s z to be able to secure any sw>m :i* may unexpect$ly />t4 ,,conclusion4 ,"h our pleasant task mu/ close4 ,we tru/ t all in=mation has be5 giv5 t is ne$ful to enable ! practical bee-keep] to beg9 bus9ess & ! sci5tific api>ian to ext5d 8 obs]vations4 ,9 conclusion1 we w\ld rem9d all bee-keep]s :o e>ne/ly desire success1 & :o hope to draw pecuni>y pr(it f _! pursuit1 ( ! gold5 rule 9 bee-keep+--,keep y\r /ocks /rong4 ,9 ex]cis+ ! assidu\s att5tion & p]sev]+ ef=t :i* t maxim enjo9s1 !y w n only be reg>d$ z bee-keep]s1 b1 z ,mr4 ,lang/ro? says1 w acquire a "r to ! title ( bee-ma/]s4 ,illu/ration ,,app5dix4 ,,bees ,,at ,,! ,,exhibition ,,( #ahfb4 ,! annex$ figure repres5ts our /& 9 ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb4 ,! space grant$ u 9 ! ,_w's ,great ,fair 0 some:at limit$2 b we 7 able to exhibit a tol]ably complete /ock ( api>ian app>atus1 & all ! m important beehives4 ,among/ ^! 0 a unicomb hive /ock$ ) ,italian bees4 ,?is 0 an object ( great att5tion1 & daily hundr$s ( visitors flock$ r\nd our /& 9 ord] to wat* ! movem5ts ( ! ,italian que5 ) h] gay & busy subjects4 ,! entrance-way = ! bees be+ 9 ! ,op5 ,c\rt1 to :i* all visitors _h access1 x 0 necess>y to place ! hive 9 an elevat$ position1 s t x %\ld be beyond ! rea* ( incauti\s pass]s-by1 & to obviate any *ance ( annoyance to ! va/ cr[ds ( p cont9ually ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/& ,,at ,,! ,,exhibition ,,( #ahfb4 ,,cases ,,( ,,acclimatis+ ,,bees4 ,among o!rs :o took a deep int]e/ 9 ! exhibition j describ$ 0 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,wilson1 ,presid5t ( ! ,acclimatisation ,society ( ,victoria4 ,?is g5tleman reque/$ u to pack f\r /ocks ( ! ,italian bees = conveyance to ,melb\rne4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,woodbury--^: aid 01 inde$1 ess5tial--^! /ocks 7 s5t (f on ! #be? ( ,septemb]1 #ahfb1 by ! /eam%ip ,alhambra1 s z to arrive at ! colony dur+ ! ,au/ral summ]4 ,! hives 7 ,woodbury frame-hives1 hav+ ample space & v5tilation1 z well z ! means ( supply+ wat] to _! inmates dur+ ! voyage2 !re 0 also a suffici5t /ore ( honey to la/ until ! foll[+ ,m>*4 ,! bees arriv$ at ,melb\rne1 :]e !y 7 releas$ aft] an imprisonm5t ( sev5ty-n9e days1 & h s9ce rapidly multipli$1 ! climate & pa/urage ( ,au/ralia greatly fav\r+ ! increase ( ?is sup]ior v>iety ( ! bee4 ,mr4 ,wilson 0 s well pleas$ ) ! c>eful mann] 9 :i* ^! /ocks 7 fitt$ out = _! voyage across ! seas1 t he subsequ5tly in/ruct$ u to prep>e him ?ree m hives1 :i* 7 s5t out 9 a sail+ vessel4 ,ow+ to ! mismanagem5t ( ! wat] supply dur+ ! voyage1 only "o /ock surviv$ 9 ?is in/ance4 ,mr4 ,wilson in=ms u t "o ( ^! hives conta9$ #acflb4 ( honey on ! #be? ( ,decemb]1 #ahfd 7,midsumm] 9 ,au/ralia74 ,upw>ds ( tw5ty ye>s ago we s5t a ,nutt's hive /ock$ ) bees to ,new ,zeal&4 ,we !n adopt$ ! plan ( fix+ ! hive 9 a meat safe1 s t ! bees c\ld fly ab\t a little1 & also cleanse ! hive ( _! dead1 !y be+ always v att5tive to sanit>y arrangem5ts4 ,sev]al m rec5t exportations ( ,italian bees h be5 made by u4 ,we h s5t two /ocks to ,madras1 :i* arriv$ safely1 & we he> are do+ well1 also a /ock to ,s\? ,africa "u ! c>e ( ! lady :o ord]$ !m1 & :o 0 h]self go+ out4 ,we _h ! satisfaction ( receiv+ ! foll[+ note3-- ,graham/[n1 ,nov4 #c1 #ahge4 ,mrs4 ,mull5s is v pleas$ to in=m ,messrs4 ,neighb\r & ,sons t ! /ock ( ,ligurian bees suppli$ to h] on bo>d ! ',nyanza' at ,s\?ampton on ,july #bcrd h arriv$ q safely4 ,mrs4 ,mull5s ?9ks !y 7 exce$+ly well pack$2 !y _h a try+ j\rney by bullock waggon two days aft] leav+ ! sea4 ,!y 7 releas$ f ! hive on ,septemb] #crd1 & appe>$ weak at fir/1 b began to "w 9 less ?an an h\r4 ,a l>ge numb] ( dead bees 7 f\nd at ! bottom ( ! hive on op5+--mo/ likely caus$ by ! boat 9 :i* ! bees 7 hav+ wat] 9 x4 ,?is report we consid] v fav\rable4 ,!re w\ld naturally be a great mortality dur+ su* long conf9em5t1 & = ! reasons also :i* ,mrs4 ,mull5s m5tions4 ,,philadelphia ,,exhibition ,,( #ahgf4 ,dat$ ,dec4 #ab?4 ,aw>d ( ,prize ,m$al to ,g4 ,neighb\r & ,sons1 ,= a l>ge & v>i$ collection ( economical beehives s arrang$ t ! honey c be tak5 )\t ! de/ruction ( ! bees4 ,special att5tion is direct$ to ! ,unicomb ,hives ) ,v5etian bl9ds to all[ ! bees to be expos$ to light1 :il/ ! sun's rays are exclud$4 ,also to a ,honey ,extractor by c5trifugal =ce1 :i* removes ! honey f ! combs )\t injur+ ! latt]1 :i* c be return$ to ! hives4 7,sign$17 ,john ,coleman1 ,on behalf ( ! ,judges4 ,approv$ ( gr\p ( ,judges4 #e names4 ,,cal$onian ,,api>ian ,,society4 ,! head-qu>t]s ( ?is ,society are at ,glasg[2 &1 tak+ example f ! ,briti% ,bee ,keep]s' ,association1 %[s are held & prizes giv5 = beehives & _! produce2 also liv+ bees at "w 9 glass hives are exhibit$4 ,9 addition to :i*1 manipulations connect$ ) bee economy1 su* z transf]r+1 h&l+ bees 9 b>-frame & o!r hives1 are demon/rat$ to behold]s4 ,! exhibition ( ?is ye> 7#ahgg7 0 held at ,ed9burgh1 9 connection ) ! annual ga!r+ ( ! ,highl& & ,agricultural ,society1 & :i* 0 v successful4 ,!re 0 a sep>ate *>ge = admission to ! bee & honey dep>tm5t1 :i* 0 visit$ by great numb]s ( p4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! poor honey h>ve/1 b a small quantity ( honeycomb 0 s5t = competition4 ,) o!r beehive mak]s1 we exhibit$ a l>ge collection ( our hives1 also liv+ bees1 ) all ! appliances ne$$ 9 bee-culture4 ,! fir/ prize 0 aw>d$ u = ! be/ & l>ge/ display4 ,?is prize consi/s ( a h&some silv] cup & #djs4 ,among/ our int]e/+ collection 7 a doz5 or s ( ,italian ,alp que5s 9 small boxes1 ea* )9 a sep>ate box1 ) a few work] bees4 ,^! _h be5 s5t ov] expressly = ?is %[1 & w\ld !re=e take no h>m by be+ kept a few days1 until pur*as$ by "s ( ! ent]pris+ ,scot* bee-keep]s1 & sub/itut$ = ord9>y que5s 9 ! mann] expla9$ 9 ! body ( ?is "w4 ,"o ( ! transp>5t s+le-comb hives br\ght f ! neighb\rhood ( ,glasg[ & exhibit ed by ! indefatigable honor>y secret>y ( ! ,society1 ,mr4 ,b5nett1 0 ?\ght to possess no que51 z no brood 0 to be se51 & !re 7 s _m drones pres5t 9 ! hive4 ,9 ord] to supply :at we consid]$ ! defici5cy1 we appropriat$ "o ( ! boxes conta9+ a =eign que51 & 9 ! ev5+ all[$ h] maje/y quietly to pass into ! hive ?r\gh an op5+ on top1 tak+ ! precaution to cov] up ! hive4 ,illu/ration3 ,ext]ior ( ,api>y4 ,z orig9ally erect$ 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior ( ,api>y4 ,on mak+ an inspection next morn+ we 7 surpris$ to f9d a v d>k ,italian que51 z we ?\ght4 ,a few h\rs lat] we witness$ an int]e/+ sc5e1 no less ?an a s+le combat betwe5 ! real ,italian que5 & ! que5 ( ! hive2 = al?\gh we _h judg$ ! hive to be que5less !re 0 "o 9 ! hive all ! "t1 b %e 0 a virg94 ,at ! mom5t ( our obs]vation ! two que5s 7 engag$ 9 mortal conflict1 & we 7 able to summon our wor?y secret>y & a few api>ian fri5ds to witness ! battle4 ,aft] "s few m9utes 7ea* be+ curl$ r\nd aga9/ ! o!r7 ! ,engli% or r ! ,scot* que5 dropp$ dead to ! bottom ( ! hive & 0 se5 no m4 ,x w\ld h be5 int]e/+ to h ga9$ possession ( ! dead que5 = exam9ation "u ! microscope1 b ! con/ruction ( ! hive & ! position x 0 9 did n all[ ( se>*+ = h]4 ,! ,italian "m1 :o 0 = "s "t aft] greatly excit$ & evid5tly mu* discompos$1 reign$ supreme1 ! mon>* ( ! hive2 & be+ already f]tilis$1 ! work] bees paid h] due att5tion1 b began worry+ & torm5t+ ! drones1 because !y 7 n[ n want$4 ,^! assaults ( ! little active work+ bees on ! burley drones v mu* int]e/$ ! spectators4 ,! que5 proce$$ ) h] duties ( egg-lay+1 & ! bees hav+ exit ?r\gh ! hord+1 ! usual "w ( ! hives 0 c>ri$ on fully expos$ to view4 ,n ! lea/ gratify+ feature 0 ! sight ( ^! little lab\r]s travell+ 9 & out "u ! glaz$ cov]$ way4 ,m active manipulation1 su* z driv+ bees f "o hive to ano!r1 ga9+ possession ( ! que51 & exhibit+ h] 9 ! h&1 0 c>ri$ on 9 ano!r portion ( ! %$1 & became a s\rce ( wond]m5t to spectators4 ,_m ( ! local newspap]s _h p>agraphs descriptive ( ?is new exhibition 9 connection ) a ,scot* agricultural %[4 ,,index4 ,abbott1 ,c4 ,n41 ,frame-hives1 #adf ,abdom5 ( bees1 #ajb ,accid5t at ,/af=d ,h\se1 #afd ,acclimatis+ ,bees 7,app5dix71 #cdi ,advice by ,butl]1 #ccc ,am]ican ,bee ,j\rnal1 #aij ,anatomy ( bees1 ,plates ,i4 & ,,ii41 fac+ pages #cd & #hf ,anecdote f ,butl]1 #ccf ( ,fr5* cl]gyman1 #ccd %[+ provision made = sw>m+1 #gh ,ant5n ( bees1 #id ,api>y1 ,geo4 ,neighb\r ,sons1 7frontispiece7 description (1 #ccj ,apply+ sup]s1 #bfd ,artificial sw>m+1 #bcc ,asiatic bees1 #di ,au/rian ditto 7,l[]71 #df ,b>-frame hold]1 #aib ,b> ,sup]s1 #ahc ,ba? & ,we/ ( ,engl& ,agricultural ,association1 #db ,bee z an insect1 #g dress1 #bjh fe$]s1 ,nutt's1 #abf bottle1 #bjc c1 #bjd1 r\nd1 #bje2 wood1 #bjf h\ses1 #aff-agi traps1 #bja veil1 #baj ,beehives1 v>i\s1 #ajh to #afe ,bee-keep+ 9 ,london1 #cbb ,zoological ,g>d5s1 #cbh ,horticultural ,g>d5s1 #cbi ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 #cbi ,hamp/ead1 #ccj ,bees1 d !y g to sleep8 #ca increase (1 #hb head (1 #hh eye (1 #ij m\?1 #ia tongue1 #ib m&ibles1 #ic s5se ( he>+1 #ie smell1 #if ant5n4 #if ?orax & organs ( motion1 #ig brea?+1 #ajj /oma*1 #ajb honey bag1 #ajb produce ( wax1 #ajc /+1 #ajd dislike to hive1 #bba enemies (1 #cae pr(itably kept1 #ccf ,bell glasses1 see glasses ,b]leps*1 ,b>on von1 #d1 #f1 #aj1 #cf1 #db1 #di1 #ge1 #baa !ory ( drone-bre$+1 #fi on sw>m+1 #gg bre$+ sup]flu\s pr9cesses1 #ha ,bevan1 ,dr41 #c1 #ah1 #ff ,black ,bees1 #ga ,book-keep+ recomm5d$1 #ccb ,box ,fumigator1 #bjf ,briti% ,bee-keep]s' ,association1 #f1 #dh ,cal$onian ,api>ian ,society 7,app5dix71 #ced ,c>bolic acid1 use (1 #bjh1 #bbj1 #cje ,c>niolan bees1 #de1 #df1 #ec1 #gh ,*ange ( frame-hives b5eficial 9 spr+1 #bbc ,*e%ire's 7,f47 frame-hive1 #ade nucleus hive #aig transf]r+ bo>d1 #aib wax guide-mak]1 #aia ,comb-build+ 9 sup]s1 #cch fix+ 9 ditto1 #bfb f\ndations 7,am]ican71 #aij ,combs1 plac+ 9 frame-hives1 #bbc ,common cottag]'s hive1 #ajh ,corri1 ,h]r1 #dg1 #gh ,cottage hive1 improv$1 #aad ,cottag]'s hive1 no improv$ ditto1 #aab improv$ frame-hive1 #adb ,cotton1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,c41 #e1 #de1 #gh ,cov]s1 z9c1 = hives1 #aga1 #agb wood1 #agb1 #agd1 #age1 #agg1 #agi ,c[an's 7,mr47 plan ( work+ frame-hives1 #bee ,cry/al ,palace skep1 #aji ,cyprian bees1 #dg ,d>w91 ,dr4 #ef1 #eg ,da!1 #ec plan ( f]tiliz+ que5s ) ,italian drones1 #bec ,diseases ( bees1 #cjf ,dnh(f1 ,dr4 #e1 #fe1 #if ,driv+1 #bbf be/ condition =1 #bbh useful = tak+ honey1 #bbi ,drone bee1 #ai1 #fb has no fa!r1 #fd eggs1 !ory ( production1 #fb1 #beb trap1 #bja comb1 to be us$ sp>+ly1 #bbd ,drone comb1 build+ (1 sometimes to be avoid$1 #bch ,dummy frame1 #adj1 #adc ,dzi]zon1 ,dr41 #d1 #aj1 #cf1 #db1 #dd description ( ! r\nd ( ! bees' conc]ns1 #cb on sw>m+1 #gg n a smok]1 #baj ,egg-lay+1 #aj1 #fg ,eggs & trans=mations1 #ei ,ekes1 description (1 #ahf ,epitaph on brim/on$ bees1 #he ,evans' 7,dr47 poem on bees1 #c1 quotations f1 #ei1 #ge1 #gf1 #ajg1 #afe ,extract+ honey f comb1 #bgd ,extractor1 honey1 #aic ,eyes ( bees1 #hi ,faculties1 & functions1 #ed ,fe$]1 ,nutt's1 #abf ,fe$]s1 7v>i\s71 #bjb ,fe$+1 #bgi ,f]tile work]s1 #fb1 #fg ,fitt+s & app>atus 7outside71 #aff ,flat-topp$ glasses1 #ahb ,f\l brood1 #cjg ,lang/ro?1 ,woodbury1 & ,dzi]zon on1 #cjh1 #cab ,fox1 ,mr4 ,george1 #bgh ,mr4 ,s4 ,bevan1 #bgh1 #ccb ,frame-hive1 putt+ sw>m into1 #bai facility = plac+ combs1 #bbc1 ) cov] & /&1 #age1 #agg1 #agi ,frames1 remov+1 #bfh ,fr5* exhibition1 #afe ,fumigators1 #bjf ,fumigat+1 description (1 #bca ,g5]al h9ts on frame-hives1 #bed rem>ks1 #ccb ,g]/ck]1 #ed ,glass hives1 ladies' obs]vatory1 #abj frame1 #ach ) cov] & sup]1 #agg1 #agh ,glasses = sup]s1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb ,guide comb1 #ahh1 #bfa-bfd mak] 7,*e%ire's71 description (1 #aia ,hawk9s1 ,mr4 ,wat]h\se1 #ej ,head ( bee1 #hh ,he>+ ( bees1 #ie ,hea? bees1 #df ,h9ts1 g5]al1 on frame-hives1 #bed ,hives1 mod]n1 #ajh to #afe sometimes de/roy$ by entrance be+ /opp$1 #cdc ,hiv+ sw>ms1 #bab ,honey bag ( bees1 #ajb cutt]s1 #aic description (1 #bif extractor1 #aic te/ :5 adult]at$1 #big ,h\ses = hives1 #aff ,hrus*ka1 ,von1 #aic ,hub]1 #fb ,hunt]'s1 ,mr41 support = hive :5 driv+1 #bbi ,impress$ wax %eets1 #ahg ,improv$ cottage hive1 #aac cottag]'s hive1 #aab ditto1 no w9d[s1 #aai ,increase ( bees1 #hb ,insects necess>y = exi/5ce ( fl[]s1 #ei ,italian bee1 #cd1 #ce1 #da ,italianis+ hives1 #bea ,k]n]1 #eh ,kle9e1 ,h]r1 #e1 #ce1 #bdd ,klip/e91 ,von1 anecdotes ( que5s1 #bb1 #ff ,k ( bee-keep+ necess>y = a g>d5]1 #cdc ,ladies' ,obs]vatory ,hive1 #abj ,lan>k%ire bee-keep]1 #big ,lan>k%ire hive1 #aee ,lang/ro?1 ,rev4 ,l4 ,l41 #c1 #e1 #aj1 #dc4 #hc4 #he1 #abi1 #cdf ,lang/ro?1 ,rev4 ,l4 ,l41 on transf]r+ sw>ms1 #bbj ,lee's sup]s1 #ade1 #adf ,legs ( bees1 #ih ,leuck>t1 ,pr(essor1 #fd1 #ff ,ligurian bee1 #g1 #cd ,london api>ies1 #cbe ,l[] ,au/rian bees1 #df ,lubbock1 ,sir ,john1 #f1 #eg1 #ei ,mahan1 ,mr41 #i ,m&ibles ( bees1 #ia ,manipulation ) bees1 #bab frame-hives1 #bfi ,mel-extractor1 #aif ,melt+ d[n combs1 #bge ,m\? ( bees1 #ia ,munn1 ,major1 #abi ,nadirs1 description (1 #ahf ,neighb\rs' improv$ cottag]'s hive1 #aac ,neighb\rs' improv$ cottage-hive1 #aad ,neighb\rs' new frame-hive1 #aci ,new cov] & /& = frame-hives1 #age1 #agf1 #agi ,new wood fe$]1 #bjf ,nucleus hive1 #aig ,nutt's hive1 #abc ,or*>d1 good place = an api>y1 #ef ,organs ( s5sation1 #hh motion1 #ig reproduction1 #fb ,p>!nog5esis1 #fd ,pa/urage = bees1 #bic ,payne's 7,i4 ,h47 glass1 #ahb ,p]=at$ z9c adapt]1 #ada1 #adc1 #add1 #bjj ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 #afj2 & ,app5dix1 #cej ,philadelphia hive1 #adc ,poll5 basket1 #ih pres]vation f incursions ( ants1 #eh description (1 #bih sub/itute =1 #bii ,position ( hives1 #bib ,propolis1 #cjj ,que51 #h ,que51 p[] ( egg-lay+1 #aj homage paid to f]tile1 #ab no att5tion be/[$ on virg9s1 #ac two que5s 9 a hive1 #ae /+ ( us$ = deposit+ eggs1 #ae "s que5s w n fight1 #ae con/]nation at loss (1 #af life (1 #ai f]tilisation (1 #aa1 #bj1 #bb1 #bd 9 relation to sexes1 #fc at sw>m+ "t1 #gc & drone prev5t]s1 #bjj re>+1 #ag1 #bg1 #gg1 #bdc cells1 #ag1 #bdd secur+1 #bbh1 #bdj introduc+ /rang]1 #bdg cages1 #aih1 #bdd ,quilts1 #ahj ,rationale ( sw>m+1 #gb ,relation ( sex to cells1 #fg plants to insects1 #ef1 #eg ,remov+ bees1 #bei sup]s1 #bff frames1 #bfh ,reproductive economy1 #fb ,r5frew%ire bee-keep]1 #bd1 #da1 #aed que5 cage1 #aii in/ructions on sup]+1 #ccg ,robb+1 #bbe1 #cje ,rorl's 7,mr47 way to get quit ( f]tile work]s1 #fg ,r\nd fe$]1 #bje ,royal cells1 #ag1 #bdd transf]r+1 #aih duels1 #ae1 & ,app5dix ,salt obta9$ by bees1 #cj1 #ig ,samuelson's "w14 ,! ,honey ,bee1 #e1 #ia1 #if ,siebold1 ,von1 on ,p>!nog5esis1 #fd ,skep1 ,cry/al ,palace1 #aji 7old71 transf]r+ combs f1 #bbc ,sl[ fe$+1 #bjd ,smell+1 s5se (1 l>gely possess$ by bees1 #if ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,j41 #dh ,smyrnan bees1 #dg ,society ( ,arts1 #eg ,/&s = hives1 #aah1 #agj ,/ew>ton hive1 #adf to #aee1 #ccg ,/+1 #ajd prev5tion & cure1 #bhf ,/ocks 7old7 transf]r+1 #bbb ,/oma* ( bees1 #ajb ,/raw frame-hive1 #acf1 #ada hives1 r\nd1 #ajh to #abj ,/upefy+ bees1 #bjg ,sup]s1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahe ,sup]/itions ab\t bees1 #cda ,supply+ natural comb1 #bfa ,swamm]dam1 #fc ,sw>m1 numb] ( bees compos+1 #gi second flight disa/r\s1 #bad (t5 mix1 #bad tak+1 #bad s5d+ to a di/ance1 #bag conveyance (1 #bag transf]r+1 #bah return+1 #bah br\ght f a di/ance1 #bai %\ld be f$1 #bba truant1 #gh1 #cag artificial1 #bcc ,sw>m+1 rationale (1 #gb provision made =1 #gd1 #gh signs (1 #hj a provision ( ,nature1 #bab ,taylor1 ! late ,mr4 ,h41 #cg ,taylor's glasses1 #aha ,?orax ( bee1 #ig ,tongue ( bee1 #ib ,transf]r+ bo>d1 #aib sw>ms1 #bah old /ocks1 #bbb ,tri/ram1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,b41 extract f 8 book1 #ea ,tube fumigator1 #bjg ,unicomb obs]vatory hive1 outdoor1 #aeg ,unicomb obs]vatory hive1 directions =1 #afj ,unicomb obs]vatory hive1 indoor1 #afb ,unit+ weak colonies1 #bbi ,v5tilation p]=m$ by bees1 #cj1 #bhe ,v5tilators1 #abd ,vulcanite = fe$+-/age1 #bjc ,wasps1 #cae ,w>d]1 ,dr41 exp]im5t ) sw>m1 #gg ,wat] = bees1 #cj1 #cca ,wax1 h[ produc$1 #ajc impress$ %eets (1 #ahg secretion (1 #cjb ,weigh+ hives1 #bgf ,wildman's bees1 #cbb ,w+s = bees1 #ig ,w9t] precautions1 #bhc ,wood cov]1 #agb fe$]1 #bjf ,woodbury1 ,t4 ,w41 #cg1 #db1 #di1 #ej frame-hive1 #acd mode ( hiv+ sw>m1 #baf mode ( transf]r+ sw>m1 #bbj hive cov]1 #agd ,x5ophon's army poison$ ) honey1 #bih ,z9c cov]s1 ornam5tal1 #aga pla91 #agb re/s1 #adj adapt]s1 p]=at$1 #ada1 #adc1 #add1 #bjj ,hazell1 ,watson1 & ,v9ey1 ,pr9t]s1 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,,price ,,li/ ,,( ,,neighb\r ,,sons' ,,improv$ ,,bee-,,hives ,= tak+ ,honey )\t ! ,de/ruction ( ! ,bees4 ,illu/ration ,,exhibitors ,,at ,,! ,great ,exhibition1 #ahea4 ,dubl9 ,exhibition1 #ahec4 ,exposition ,univ]selle1 #ahee4 ,int]national ,exhibition1 #ahfb4 ,dubl9 ,exhibition1 #ahff4 ,p>is ,exposition ,univ]selle1 #ahfg4 ,annual ,int]national ,exhibition1 #ahgc4 ,briti% ,bee-,keep]s' ,%[s1 ,cry/al ,palace1 #ahgd1 #ahge4 ,alex&ra ,palace1 #ahgf4 ,int]national ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 #ahgf4 ,cal$onian ,api>ian ,%[ at ,ed9burgh1 #ahgg4 ,li/ ( ,prices4 ,no4 s4 d4 #a4 ,nutt's ,collat]al ,bee-,hive #e #e #j ,/& = ditto #j #af #j #b4 ,s+le ,box ,hive #c #c #c #c4 ,neighb\rs' ,new ,frame ,/ock ,hive #a #e #j ,sup] #a #e #j ,cov] = ditto #bgs4 & #b #j #j #d4 ,c>r's ,b> & ,frame ,hive #j #ai #f ,sup] = ditto #j #ai #f #e4 ,neighb\rs' ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive #a #ae #j ,/& = ditto #j #aj #f #f4 ,ditto1 )\t ,w9d[s #a #e #j #g4 ,ladies' ,obs]vatory ,hive #b #e #j #h4 ,! ,cottag]'s ,hive #j #aj #f #i & #aj4 ,bee ,fe$]s ea* #es4 & #j #d #j #aa4 & #ab1 ,fumigators #bs4 #j #b #f #ac4 ,honey ,cutt]s p] pair #j #e #j #ad4 ,improv$ ,cottag]'s ,hive #a #a #j #ae4 ,honey ,extractor = h& use #aes4 & #j #ag #f #af4 ,woodbury ,b> ,sup] #j #aj #f #ag4 ,neighb\rs' ,new ,sup]s1 ,wood & ,glass #a #a #j ,ditto ditto ,/raw & ,wood #a #e #j #ah4 ,taylor's ,glass1 to conta9 ab\t #h lb4 #j #c #f #ai4 ,payne's ,glass1 ) hole 9 c5tre1 to af=d additional space to sup]s p>tly fill$ #j #c #j #bj4 ,neighb\rs' ,revolv+ ,indoor ,unicomb ,hive #c #aj #j #ba4 ,new ,c ,fe$]1 on ! pr9ciple ( a f\nta91 adapt$ = sl[1 /imulat+ fe$+ 7#c p9ts7 #j #e #j #bb4 ,new ,frame ,/&1 to be us$ :5 manipulat+ ) movable combs #j #e #f #bc4 ,am]ican ,sectional ,sup]s p] set ( #ad #j #c #f #bd4 ,taylor's ,sup] ,glass #be4 ,bell ,glass1 to conta9 ab\t #i lb #j #d #j #bf4 ,ditto ditto #e lb #j #b #j #bg4 ,ditto ditto #c lb #j #a #j #bh4 ,new ,%ape ,flat-top ,glass1 ) lid to place on table inv]t$ #j #c #f #cj4 ,%all[ ,glasses1 #i 94 wide by #d 94-deep #j #c #j ,ditto #ac 94 #d 94 #j #e #f #ca4 ,bee ,dress1 ) ,sleeves 7po/ free1 #c;d4 extra7 #j #f #j #cb4 ,india-rubb] ,gloves 7by po/1 #b;d4 extra7 p] pair #j #f #j #cc4 ,common ,/raw ,hives #j #b #f #cd4 ,small ,/raw ,sup] ,hives #j #b #j #cf4 ,floor ,bo>ds1 accord+ to description1 #bs41 #bs4 #f;d4 #j #c #j #cg4 ,z9c ,cov] = ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive #j #ae #f #ch4 ,ornam5tal ,z9c ,cov] #b #b #j #ci4 ,bee ,h\se1 to conta9 two ,improv$ ,cottage' ,hives #d #d #j #db4 ,woodbury ,b> & ,frame ,hive #j #ah #j ,ditto ditto ) ,w9d[ #a #a #j ,cov] #a #a #j ,/& #j #aj #f #dd4 ,! ,bottle ,fe$] #j #b #f #de4 ,woodbury ,/raw ,b> & ,frame ,hive1 #ahs4 #f;d4 & #a #b #j #df4 ,outdoor ,unicomb ,hive1 to take ,woodbury ,frames #e #aj #j ,/& #j #aa #f #dg4 ,common ,cottage ,hive1 #es4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,six = #a #aj #j #di4 ,glass ,frame ,hive #a #aj #j #ea4 ,improv$ ,wax ,%eets p] doz4 #j #f #j #eb4 ,lee's ,octagon ,/raw ,hive #a #j #c ,sup] #j #aa #f ,cov] & ,/& #a #ab #f #ec4 ,lee's ,octagon ,hive1 9 ,mahoghany #j #ag #f #ed4 ,ditto ditto ,p9e #j #f #j #ee4 ,ditto ditto ,glass ,sides #j #i #j #ef4 ,ditto ditto small]1 9 ,mahoghany #j #ab #f #eg4 ,ditto ditto ,wood5 ,sides1 ,glass ,top #j #e #f #eh4 ,/ew>ton ,hive 7#c ,/ock ,boxes1 #a ,honey ,box7 #a #a #j #ei4 ,new ,wood ,bee ,fe$] #j #e #j #fj4 ,neighb\rs' ,cottage ,frame ,hive #j #g #f #fa4 ,neighb\rs' ,divisional ,sup]1 #cs4 #f;d4 p] pair #j #f #f #fb4 ,cov] = ,neighb\rs' ,frame ,hive #j #h #f #fc4 ,cottage ,frame ,hive1 ,woodbury ,frames #j #g #f #fd4 ,*e%ire's ,frame ,hive1 complete--,/&1 ,sup]1 & ,cov]1 ! latt] pa9t$ #a #ag #f #fe4 ,abbott's ditto ditto #a #ag #f #ff4 ,lan>k%ire ,/ock ,hive #j #af #f ,sup] #j #f #f ,ro( #j #g #j #fg4 ,neighb\rs' ,new ,bee ,veil 7by po/1 #b;d4 extra7 #j #b #f #fh4 ,flat-top ,glass ) #c in* hole 9 c5tre 7simil> to ,payne's71 = add+ space to ,sup]s #j #c #f #fi4 ,same con/ruction z above1 #f 94 wide1 #c 94 deep #j #b #j #gj4 ,lee's ,d\ble ,sup] p] pair #j #e #f #ga4 ,*e%ire's ,nucleus ,hive1 = ,que5 ,re>+ #j #ab #f #gb4 ,*e%ire's ,transf]r+ ,bo>d #j #aj #f #gc4 ,*e%ire's ,prize ,smok] #j #b #j #gd4 ,*e%ire's ,drone ,trap #j #d #f #ge4 ,syrup ,c & ,%ovel #j #f #f #gf4 ,vulcanite ,fe$+ ,plates ea* #f;d4 & #j #j #i 7,less by ! doz57 #gg4 ,bligh ,bee ,quiet] ea* #j #b #f #gh4 ,que5 & ,drone ,prev5t]s #as4 & #j #a #f #gi4 ,cry/al ,palace ,skep #j #d #f ,floor ,bo>d #j #c #j ,sup] #j #b #f #hj4 ,neighb\rs' ,/raw ,frame ,hive1 ) ,new-%ap$ ,cov] & ,/&1 gra9$ & v>ni%$ #c #aa #f #ha4 ,new ,cottage ,frame ,/ock ,hive1 ) ,w9d[ #j #ab #f #hb4 ,new ,cov] & ,/& = ! above 7pa9t$7 #a #g #j #hc4 ,neighb\rs' ,cyl9drical ,honey ,extractor #b #aj #j ,two ,wire ,cases #j #ab #j #hd4 ,bee ,h\se = ,"o ,hive #b #aj #j #he4 ,r5frew%ire ,/ew>ton ,movable ,comb ,hive1 consi/+ ( #c ,/ock ,boxes & #a ,honey ,box #a #h #j #hf4 ,bee ,traps1 = cle>+ ,bees f ,sup]s #j #b #f #hg4 ,philadelphia ,hive1 ) ,sup]1 ,/&1 & ,cov] #b #b #j #hh4 ,sectional ,sup]s ! set #j #d #f #hi4 ,new ,cov] = ,cottage ,frame ,hive 7c>ries its own ,/&7 #a #g #j #ij4 ,qu9by ,smok] #j #f #f 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publications ,,on ,,bees4 ,! ,api>y2 or1 ,bees1 ,beehives1 & ,bee ,culture1 by ,alfr$ ,neighb\r4 #j #e #j ,hive & ,honey ,bee1 by ,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,lang/ro? 7,am]ican74 ,a ,new ,edition #j #i #f ,qu9by's ,bee-,keep+ 7,am]ican7 #j #h #f ,italian ,alp ,bee1 by ,h]mann #j #a #j 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,,prize ,,m$als ,,aw>d$ ,,at ,,! ,illu/ration ,,philadelphia ,,& ,,o!r ,,exhibitions4 ,,geo4 ,,neighb\r ,,sons' ,,price ,,curr5t ,,( ,g5u9e ,italian ,alp or ,ligurian ,bees4 ,an ,italian ,que5 9 a small ,box1 accompani$ by a few ,work] ,bees1 ) full directions = unit+ to ,engli% ,/ocks1 ea* f ,april & ,may1 #abs42 ,june1 #aas42 ,july1 #ajs42 ,augu/1 #is42 ,septemb]1 #hs42 ,octob]1 #gs4 ,ord]s %\ld be giv5 9 advance4 ,= p>cels ( ,six ,que5s at "o "t1 #as4 ea* less4 ,a ,/ock1 ) g5u9e ,italian ,que51 pack$ s z to travel by rail ) comp>atively no risk ( damage1 includ+ ! ,/raw ,frame ,hive ) w9d[1 #d2 or if 9 ,new ,*eap ,frame ,hive1 ,no4 #fj or #fc1 :i* has no w9d[1 #c #es4 ,sw>ms & ,/ocks ( ,engli% ,bees c be obta9$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos correct$4 ,hyph5ation 0 /&>diz$ to ! mo/ frequ5tly us$ v]sion ) ! exception ( beehive :i* 0 us$ by ! au?or & bee-hive 9 quotations f o!r works4