,,n[ ,,ready4 ,second & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,! ,/eel ,squ>e ,,& ,,its ,,uses4 ,by ,,fr$4 ,t4 ,,hodgson4 ,?is is ! only "w on ,,! ,,/eel ,,squ>e ,,& ,,its ,,uses ev] publi%$4 ,x is ,?or\gh1 ,exhau/ive1 ,cle>1 & ,easily ,und]/ood4 ,conf\nd+ t]ms & sci5tific phrases h be5 religi\sly avoid$ :]e possible1 & ev]y?+ 9 ! book has be5 made s pla9 t a boy twelve ye>s ( age1 possess+ ord9>y intellig5ce1 c und]/& x f end to end4 ,! ,new ,edition is ,illu/rat$ ) ov] ,sev5ty-five ,wood-cuts1 %[+ h[ ! ,squ>e may be us$ = solv+ almo/ e problem 9 ! :ole ,art ( ,c>p5try4 ,! foll[+ synopsis ( ! cont5ts ( ! "w w give "s idea ( its "* & scope4 --,hi/ory ( ! 8,squ>e40--,description1 ) ,explanation ( ! ,rules1 ,figures1 ,scales1 & ,divisions %[n on good ,squ>es4 --,brace ,rules1 ,octagonal ,scale1 ,bo>d1 ,plank & ,scantl+ ,rules1 fully expla9$ & describ$4 --,h[ to lay out ,raft]s1 ,hips1 ,jack-,raft]s1 ,purl9s1 ,bevel ,works1 etc41 etc4 --,back+ = ,hips1 ,l5g?s & ,bevels ( ,valley ,raft]s4 ,lay+ out ,/airs & ,/r+s4 --,h[ to describe ,circles1 ,ellipses1 ,p>abolas & o!r figures1 ) ! ,squ>e4 --,h[ to obta9 ,bevels = ,hopp]s & all k9ds ( ,splay$ ,"w & ,spr+ ,m\ld+s1 by ! ,squ>e4 --,bisect+ ,circles1 ,proportion ( ,circles1 ,division ( ,wid?s1 ,bisection ( ,angles1 ,dim9i%+ ,/iles1 ,c5t]+ ,circles1 etc41 etc4 --,!oretical ,raft]s1 ,cuts = ,mitre ,boxes1 ,measurem5t ( ,surfaces1 includ+ ,pa9t+1 ,pla/]+1 ,%+l+1 ,sid+1 ,floor+1 ,r\gh ,bo>d+1 ,t9n+ & ,ro(+4 --,rules = describ+ ,octagons & ,polygons ( e description & h[ to f9d _! angles & areas4 --,rules = f9d+ ! l5g?s ( ,raft]s & ,hips ( ,irregul> ,ro(s1 ,cuts = ,equal & ,unequal ,mitres1 ,trusses & ,bevel ,timb] ,"w4 --,! ,developm5t ( ,hip & ,curv$ ,ro(s2 ,v]&a ,raft]s1 ,/raight & ,curv$2 ,hopp] ,cuts ( all k9ds1 ,angle ,corn]-pieces1 ,splay$ ,"w = ,go?ic ,heads1 etc41 etc41 & _m o!r ?+s useful to ! ,op]ative ,me*anic4 ,h&somely ,b\nd 9 ,clo? ) ,gilt ,title4 ,price ,,"o ,,doll>4 ,,indu/rial ,,publication ,,company4 ,new ,york4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,pa9t]s1 ,,decorators1 ,,& ,,pap]-,,hang]s4 ,,be+ ,a ,,selection ,,( ,,useful ,,rules1 ,,data1 ,,memor&a1 ,,me?ods1 ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,h\se1 ,,%ip ,,& ,,furniture ,,pa9t+1 ,,pap]-,,hang+1 ,,gild+1 ,,color ,,mix+1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,matt]s ,,useful ,,& ,,in/ructive ,,to ,,pa9t]s ,,& ,,decorators4 ,prep>$ ) ,special ,ref]5ce to ! ,wants ( ,amateurs4 ,,by ,,an ,,old ,,h&4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,publication ,,company4 #ahhb4 ,,preface4 ,?is little "w is int5d$ to furni% ! ,,practical ,,h\se-,,pa9t]--,,! ,,e-,,day ,,workman--) in=mation suffici5t to enable him to und]/& 8 bus9ess intellig5tly4 ,"o ( its objects is to deal ) ! nature1 *>act]i/ics1 qualities1 & defects ( ! mat]ials employ$ by ! class ( artisans = :om x is writt52 & to a limit$ ext5t ?is has be5 done ) z little !ory z possible2 high-s\nd+ te*nicalities h also be5 avoid$ :]ev] ! au?or has be5 able to make himself und]/ood )\t !m4 ,x is ?\ght ! "y pa9t] may d]ive great pr(it & advancem5t f a c>eful /udy ( ?is book1 z ! h9ts1 rules1 & recipes x conta9s are reliable1 practical1 & ( e-day use4 ,! au?or has consult$ _m works on ! subject1 & is indebt$ to _m ( !m = mu* ( ! matt] conta9$1 among :i* may be m5tion$ 8,build+ ,con/ruction & ,mat]ials10 8,h\se-,pa9t]'s ,h&-,book10 8,arti/s' & ,tradesm5's ,companion10 8,pa9t]'s ,guide10 8,*evreul's ,oils & ,pa9ts10 & sev]al o!r works ( m or less note4 ,to ?is has be5 add$ _m ?+s discov]$ by ! actual exp]i5ce ( ! writ]4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,preface1 iii ,prelim9>y1 #g ,prep>ation ( ,surfaces1 #g ,mat]ials ,us$1 #h ,bases & ,vehicles1 #aj ,:ite ,lead1 ,g5u9e & ,adult]at$1 #aj ,l9se$ & o!r ,oils1 #ac ,dri]s1 #ad ,color+ ,pa9ts1 #ae ,blacks & ,blues1 #af ,yell[s1 #ag ,br[ns1 #ah ,p9ks & ,r$s1 #ai ,lakes & ,orange1 #bj ,gre51 #ba ,proportion ( ,+r$i5ts 9 ,mix$ ,pa9ts1 #bb ,table %[+ ! composition ( ! diff]5t coats ( :ite pa9t1 & ! quantities requir$ to cov] #ajj y>ds ( new "w1 #bc ,op]ations1 #bd ,prep>+ ! ,"w1 #be ,ta/e 9 ,color1 #cj ,gra9+--,g5]al ,rem>ks1 #cb ,gra9+ 9 ,oak1 ,mahogany1 ,rosewood1 ,walnut1 ,maple1 ,sat9-wood1 ,granites1 ,m>bles1 etc41 #cf ,rules = ,mix+ ,comp\nd ,colors1 #da ,miscellane\s ,receipts1 = ,pa9t+ ,iron1 ,/ucco1 ,glass2 ,gild+1 ,gild+ on ,glass1 ,gild+ ,fretwork1 ,pa9t+ on ,gild$ ,panels1 ,gild+ on ,wood1 ,gild+ ,lett]s1 ,gild]'s ,size1 ,/a9+ ,wood1 ,/a9+ ,floors1 ,v>ni%+1 ,pa9t+ ,brick-"w & ,masonry1 ,fr5* ,poli%1 ,wood-fill+1 ,rules = ,pa9t]s to ,obs]ve1 #dc ,pap]-hang+1 #ed ,op]ations1 #ef ,clean+ ,pap]-hang+s1 #eg ,v>ni%+ ,pap]1 #eg ,! ,mak+ ( ,pa/e1 #eh ,useful ,h9ts & ,table = ,e/imat+ ,co/ ( ,"w & ,mat]ials1 #ei ,,h9ts ,,= ,,pa9t]s ,,& ,,pap]-,,hang]s4 ,!re is a g5]al belief abroad t anybody c execute all t is requir$ ( a h\se-pa9t]4 ,?is is a v popul> error2 x is n s easy to prep>e & apply a coat ( pa9t 9 a ?or\gh workmanlike mann] z "s may imag9e4 ,x is /ill less easy to pa9t 9 p>ti colors2 & v few c produce a good piece ( gra9+4 ,! pa9t] %\ld n only be acqua9t$ ) ! me?od ( apply+ pa9t :5 x is provid$ = him1 & ! bru% plac$ 9 8 h&1 b he %\ld "k ! composition ( ! colors2 ! mann] 9 :i* !y are made1 & ! colors :i* mu/ h>monize ) ea* o!r :5 !y are associat$ toge!r4 ,^! obs]vations be+ ( a practical nature & ! result ( exp]i5ce1 are comm5d$ = 8 p]usal & /udy4 ,prep>ation4--,all surfaces pa9t$ %\ld be fir/ ?or\ghly dry & free f du/4 ,all heads ( nails %\ld be pun*$ or 8set0 bel[ ! surface ( ! wood1 & aft] ! prim+ is dry1 ! holes =m$ by ! heads1 z well z all cracks1 defects1 etc41 %\ld be fill$ up ) putty made ( raw l9se$ oil & :it+4 ,to prev5t knots or 8fat0 spots f %[+ ?r\gh1 !y %\ld receive two coats ( %ellac v>ni%1 & :5 dry rubb$ d[n ) s&-pap]4 ,! %ellac %\ld be appli$ ) a small bru%4 ,x dries soon & may be pa9t$ ov] z soon z dry4 ,%ellac prep>$ ?is way is call$ 8knott+10 & c be pur*as$ :]ev] pa9t]s' mat]ials are kept = sale4 ,mat]ials4--,! pr9cipal mat]ials us$ = pa9t+1 i4e41 :ite lead & oxide ( z9c1 are s well kn[n t x is unnecess>y to allude p>ticul>ly to _! manufacture at pres5t4 ,be=e us+ !m !y %\ld be mix$ ) pure raw l9se$ oil4 ,turp5t9e may be us$ 9 cold wea!r to make ! pa9t "w easy1 z ! oil is apt to *ill1 :i* ?ick5s x & makes x difficult to apply4 ,9 w>m wea!r1 h[ev]1 turp5t9e %\ld n be us$ 9 prim+ any p>ts :]e ! sun %9es ^u4 ,9 cold wea!r x is always necess>y to use li?>ge or "s o!r dri]2 or ! "w w rema9 a long "t be=e x h>d5s2 9 summ]1 h[ev]1 dri]s 9 mo/ cases are unnecess>y1 = if ! wood to be pa9t$ is z well season$ z x ought to be !re is little dang] ( ! pa9t be+ wa%$ (f by ra91 z x w mo/ly be absorb$ 9 ! surface4 ,to make satisfactory "w x is imp]ative t all cans1 pots & bru%es us$ 9 pa9t+ be p]fectly clean at ! />t1 & kept s :5ev] ! conditions w p]mit4 ,a m>ble slab & mull] w be requir$ to gr9d ! f9] colors us$4 ,sometimes a small ca/-iron mill w be f\nd useful n only to gr9d colors2 b to pass ! t9t$ color ?r\gh1 s t x may be ?or\ghly mix$4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t x is presum$ ! workman w "k :at bru%es he w require accord+ to ! "w he has 9 h&4 ,8 l>ge gr\nd pa9t bru%1 call$ a 8p\nd-bru%20 8 half-size1 = small] "w2 8 fit* & sa% tools1 du/]1 pallet1 putty & hasp knives2 oval & flat v>ni% bru%es1 v>ni%-pot1 /ep-ladd]s & long ladd]s1 mahl-/ick1 pallet-bo>d1 gild+-knife1 camel & sable hair-p5cils1 :itewa% bru%es1 jack = w9d[ "w1 cu%ion1 tip-pole1 etc41 etc4 ,l>ge bru%es1 su* z #f-j size1 %\ld be bridl$ :5 new by w9d+ good tw9e ar\nd !m ab\t "o-?ird up ! l5g? ( ! bri/les1 & z ! bru% we>s1 ?is b9d+ c be unw\nd4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to use ! bru%es s t !y w h a flat w$ge-%ap$ po9t1 /raight on ! edge4 ,?is c be done by hold+ ! bru% always 9 "o position4 ,if bru%es are turn$ r\nd & r\nd 9 ! h& :ile 9 use1 !y we> r\nd & /ubby on ! po9t & soon become useless = f9e or smoo? "w4 ,bru%es t are 9 use e day %\ld be plac$ 9 wat] half ! dep? ( ! bri/les at night1 tak+ c>e t bru%es conta9+ diff]5t colors d n come 9 contact ) "o ano!r4 ,if !y are to be laid aside = any l5g? ( "t1 h[ev]1 !y %\ld be wa%$ ) w>m wat] & soap aft] be+ ?or\ghly cleans$ ) turp5t9e1 & laid away 9 a moi/ place4 ,z a g5]al ?+ x is bett] to buy putty already made at a regul> pa9t /ore1 :]e y may dep5d ^u its be+ made ( good :it+ & l9se$ oil ?an to make x4 ,putty %\ld n be us$ until ! "w has be5 prim$1 = new pa9t holds ! putty v firmly4 ,:ite lead is to be judg$ ( by be+ well gr\nd & possess+ ! mell[ness giv5 to x by age4 ,x is well kn[n among/ pa9t]s t ! be/ article is ! mo/ economical1 z x works out ) m ease1 & repays ! diff]5ce ( co/ 9 its bett] appe>ance & extra durability4 ,l9se$ oil is also bett] = hav+ due age1 = ! same reasons z ! :ite lead1 work+ ) s(tness & advantage aft] p>t+ ) ! wat]1 :i* is g5]ally comb9$ ) new oil4 ,9 mo/ cases dri]s are add$ to pa9ts to cause !m to dry m quickly1 & a solv5t is sometimes requir$ to make ! pa9ts "w m freely4 ,:5 ! color requir$ diff]s f t ( ! ma9 pa9t us$1 ! desir$ t9t is obta9$ by add+ a /a9+ or color+ pigm5t4 ,! mat]ials g5]ally employ$ may1 = conv5i5ce1 be class$ z foll[s3 ,bases4--,:ite lead1 r$ lead1 z9c :ite1 oxide ( iron4 ,vehicles4--,oils1 spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,solv5ts4--,spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,dri]s4--,li?>ge1 acetate ( lead1 sulphate ( z9c & b9oxide ( manganese1 r$ lead1 etc4 ,color+ ,pigm5ts4--,o*res1 lampblack1 umb]1 si5na1 & _m metallic salts t w be h]e9aft] m5tion$4 ,:ite lead may be obta9$ ei!r pure or mix$ ) v>i\s sub/ances1 su* z sulphate ( b>yta1 sulphate ( lead1 :it+1 *alk1 z9c :ite1 etc4 ,^! sub/ances d n comb9e ) oil z well z does :ite lead1 nor d !y s well protect any surface to :i* !y are appli$4 ,sulphate ( b>yta1 ! mo/ common adult]ant1 is a d5se1 heavy1 :ite sub/ance1 v l :ite lead 9 appe>ance4 ,x absorbs v little oil1 & may frequ5tly be detect$ by ! gritty feel+ x produces :5 ! pa9t is rubb$ betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb4 ,:ite ,lead is sold ei!r dry1 9 p[d] or lump1 or else gr\nd 9 oil 9 a pa/e conta9+ f #g to #i p] c5t4 ( l9se$ oil1 & m or less adult]at$1 unless specially m>k$ 8g5u9e40 ,:5 slightly adult]at$ ) a v :ite sulphate ( b>yta1 l t ( ! ,tyrol1 ! mixture is consid]$ pref]able = c]ta9 k9ds ( "w1 z ! b>ytes communicates opacity to ! color & protects ! lead f be+ spe$ily d>k5$ by sulphur\s smoke or vapors4 ,:ite lead improves by keep+1 & :5 ( good quality1 w g mu* fur!r & la/ mu* bett] ?an :5 employ$ fre%2 moreov]1 pa9t made ) new lead has a t5d5cy to become yell[4 ,x %\ld n be expos$ to ! air or x w turn grey4 ,( all ! bases us$ = pa9ts1 :ite lead is ! mo/ commonly us$1 & = surfaces ( wood x af=ds 9 mo/ cases ! be/ protection1 be+ d5se1 ( good body1 & p]man5t4 ,x has ! disadvantage1 h[ev]1 ( blaz5+ :5 expos$ to sulphur acids1 & ( be+ injuri\s to ^? :o h&le x4 ,r$ lead is produc$ by rais+ massicot 7! comm]cial "n = oxide ( lead7 to a high temp]ature1 %ort ( fusion1 dur+ :i* x absorbs oxyg5 f ! air & is conv]t$ into r$ lead or m9ium1 an oxide ( lead4 ,! color is la/+1 & is unaffect$ by light :5 x is pure & us$ alone1 b any prep>ation conta9+ lead or acids mix$ ) x deprive x ( color1 & impure air makes x black4 ,x may be us$ = a dri]1 z x possesses _m ( ! prop]ties ( li?>ge2 x is also (t5 employ$ 9 pa9t+ wr\ght iron "w1 to :i* x adh]es ) a t5acity n equall$ by any o!r pa9ts2 x is sometimes object$ to = ?is purpose1 on ! gr\nd t galvanic action is set up betwe5 ! lead & ! iron4 ,x is also frequ5tly us$ = prim+ on wood "w1 & is especially adapt$ = h>d woods4 ,x is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) brick du/2 ?is may be detect$ by heat+ ! p[d] 9 a crucible1 & treat+ x ) dilute nitric acid2 ! lead w be dissolv$ b ! brick du/ w rema94 ,x is also adult]at$ ) colco!r1 a sesquioxide ( iron4 ,sulphide ( antimony1 or antimony v]milion1 is sometimes us$ z a sub/itute = r$ lead4 ,x is sold 9 a v f9e p[d]1 )\t ta/e or smell1 & :i* is insoluble 9 wat]1 alcohol1 or ess5tial oils4 ,x is b little act$ ^u by acids1 & is said to be unaffect$ by air or light4 ,x is adapt$ = mix+ ) :ite lead1 & af=ds an int5sely bright color :5 gr\nd 9 oil4 ,oxide ( z9c1 or z9c :ite1 is durable 9 wat] or oil2 x dissolves 9 hydro*loric acid2 x does n black5 9 ! pres5ce ( sulphurett$ hydrog52 & x is n injuri\s to ! m5 :o make x1 or to ! pa9t]s :o use x2 b on ! o!r h&1 x does n comb9e ) oil well1 & is want+ 9 body & cov]+ p[]1 & is difficult to "w4 ,x is easily act$ ^u by ! c>bonic acid 9 ra9 wat]1 :i* dissolves ! oxide1 & x !re=e is unfit = outside "w4 ,! acids conta9$ 9 unseason$ wood also h a great effect ^u x4 ,:5 pure & us$ = inside "w1 x reta9s its color well1 & w /& wa%+ = _m ye>s )\t los+ any ( its fre%ness4 ,:5 dry x becomes v h>d1 & w take a f9e poli%4 ,?is pa9t is suitable = any place t is subject$ to vapors conta9+ sulphur1 or 9 places :]e f\l air is emanat$ f decay+ animal matt]4 ,9 su* positions1 ( c\rse1 z9c pa9ts %\ld n be mix$ ) 8pat5t0 or o!r dri]s :i* conta9 lead4 ,! be/ dri]s to employ ) x are sulphate ( manganese & sulphate ( z9c4 ,?is :ite is recomm5d$ z be+ pref]able to :ite lead = pa9t+ on a d>k gr\nd4 ,! reason ( ?is is t ! soap =m$ by ! comb9ation ( ! lead & oil 9 lead pa9ts is semi-transp>5t1 & ! d>k gr\nd %[s ?r\gh x4 ,! want ( d5sity1 h[ev]1 9 z9c pa9ts1 is a great drawback to _! use1 & ! pure/ z9c oxide is n always ! be/ = pa9t on acc\nt ( its l[ specific gravity2 & 9 ?is respect1 ! ,am]ican z9c :ites1 :i* are frequ5tly v pure1 d n g5]ally give z good satisfaction z ! z9c :ites made 9 ,belgium4 ,vehicles4--,oils are divid$ into two classes--fix$ oils & volatile oils4 ,fix$ oils are extract$ by pressure f vegetable sub/ances1 !y are ( a fatty nature1 d n evaporate 9 dry+1 & w be> a temp]ature %ort ( #ejj ,fahr41 )\t decompos+4 ,!y are subdivid$ into dry+ oils1 :i* become ?ick ^u exposure to air4 ,( ^!1 l9se$ oil is mo/ commonly us$ z an +r$i5t = pa9t4 ,its qualities :5 pure are excell5t1 & x may be consid]$ ! be/ ( all oils = use 9 pa9t1 putty1 & o!r simil> sub/ances4 ,x oxidizes & becomes ?ick ^u exposure to ! air4 ,?is prop]ty is v mu* increas$ by add+ o!r sub/ances to x & boil+ !m toge!r4 ,x is sup]ior 9 dry+ p[]s1 t5acity1 & body to any o!r fix$ oil4 ,! be/ oil comes f ! ,black ,sea & ! ,baltic2 t f ! ,ea/ ,indian se$ is inf]ior1 z ! se$ is less c>efully clean$1 & conta9s too mu* /e>9e4 ,raw l9se$ oil is cle> & light 9 color1 works smoo?ly1 & is us$ = int]nal works1 = delicate t9ts1 & = gr9d+ up colors4 ,boil$ oil is mu* ?ick]1 d>k]1 & m apt to clog4 ,x is us$ = outside "w1 z its great] body & rapidity 9 dry+ make x a quick] & m effici5t protection4 ,volatile ,oils are g5]ally obta9$ by di/illation1 & h an odor resembl+ t ( ! plant f :i* !y are obta9$4 ,!y are1 z a rule1 colorless at fir/1 b ^u exposure to air & light !y become d>k]1 ?ick]1 & ev5tually are conv]t$ into a k9d ( res94 ,spirits ( turp5t9e is ! be/ v>iety ( ?is class = mix+ ) ord9>y pa9ts4 ,nap?a & b5z9e are sometimes us$ in/ead ( turp5t9e1 b n (t51 & _! use is n recomm5d$ :5 ! latt] c be obta9$4 ,good spirits ( turp5t9e is light] 9 weight & m inflammable ?an bad4 ,x is colorless & has a pleasant pung5t smell1 :]eas ! smell ( inf]ior qualities is disagreeable4 ,x is us$ z a solv5t = res9s & o!r sub/ances 9 mak+ v>ni%es2 also 9 pa9t to make x "w m smoo?ly4 ,x is useful also 9 flatt+ coats1 b w n /& exposure to ! wea!r4 ,dri]s4--,dri]s are sub/ances add$ to pa9t 9 ord] to cause ! oils to ?ick5 & solidify m rapidly4 ,! action ( ^! sub/ances is n ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,*evreuil has %[n t ! dry+ ( l9se$ oil is caus$ by ! absorption ( oxyg52 & !re c be no d\bt t = ! mo/ "p dri]s act z c>ri]s ( oxyg5 to ! oil1 a v small quantity produc+ consid]able effects4 ,! be/ dri]s are ^? :i* conta9 a l>ge proportion ( oxyg51 su* z li?>ge1 acetate ( lead1 r$ lead1 sulphate ( z9c1 v]digris1 etc4 ,!y are sometimes us$ to improve ! dry+ qualities ( ! oil ) :i* ! pa9t is mix$1 or !y may !mselves be gr\nd up ) a small quantity ( oil1 & add$ to ! pa9t j be=e x is us$4 ,li?>ge or oxide ( lead is ! dri] mo/ commonly us$1 & is produc$ 9 extract+ lead f its ores4 ,x c be produc$ on a small scale by scrap+ (f ! dross :i* =ms on molt5 lead expos$ to a curr5t ( air4 ,massicot is a sup]ior k9d ( li?>ge1 be+ produc$ by heat+ lead to an ext5t insuffici5t to fuse ! oxide4 ,sug> ( lead1 or1 z x is m frequ5tly call$1 acetate ( lead1 gr\nd 9 oil1 & copp]as & :ite vitriol 7sulphate ( z9c71 are also us$ z dri]s1 especially = light t9ts4 ,oxide ( manganese is quick] 9 its effects1 b is ( a v d>k color1 & seldom us$ except = deep t9ts4 ,japann]s' gold size & v]digris 7acetate ( copp]7 are also mu* us$ = d>k colors4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to apply too mu* ( ! size1 or x w make ! pa9t brittle4 ,r$ lead 7oxide ( lead7 is (t5 us$ z a dri] :5 its color w n int]f]e ) ! t9t requir$4 ,x is n s rapid 9 its action z li?>ge or massicot4 ,sulphate ( manganese is ! be/ dri] = z9c :ite1 ab\t #f or #h ounces only be+ us$ = #ajj lbs41 ( gr\nd z9c :ite pa9t4 ,! manganese %\ld be mix$ ) a small quantity ( ! pa9t fir/1 & !n add$ to ! bulk4 ,if great c>e be n tak5 9 mix+ ! dri] ! "w w be spott$4 ,sulphate ( z9c is also a good dri] = z9c pa9t4 ,pat5t dri]s conta9 oxidiz+ ag5ts1 su* z li?>ge or acetate ( lead gr\nd & mix$ 9 oil1 & !re=e 9 a conv5i5t =m = imm$iate use4 ,!re is great dang]1 h[ev]1 9 us+ su* dri]s1 unless !y are ( ! be/ quality f a reliable mak]4 ,"s ( ! inf]ior descriptions dep5d = _! dry+ qualities ^u lime4 ,! foll[+ po9ts %\ld be obs]v$ 9 us+ dri]s3-- #a/4 ,n to use !m unnecess>ily ) pigm5ts :i* dry well 9 oil color4 #b;d4 ,n to employ !m 9 excess1 :i* w\ld only ret>d ! dry+4 #c;d4 ,n to add !m to ! color until ab\t to be us$4 #d?4 ,n to use m ?an "o dri] to ! same color4 #e?4 ,to avoid ! use ( pat5t dri]s1 unless kn[n to be ( good quality4 #f?4 ,to avoid ! use ( dri]s 9 ! f9i%+ coat ( light colors1 z !y are liable to injure ! color4 ,color+ ,pigm5ts4--,x w be impossible 9 a small "w ( ?is sort to give any?+ l a complete li/ ( ! pigm5ts us$ to produce ! colors & t9ts us$ by ! h\se pa9t] & decorator4 ,a few ( ! mo/ useful may1 h[ev]1 be m5tion$4 ,x is n propos$ to give a detail$ description ( !m1 b m]ely to di/+ui% ^? t are injuri\s f ! o!rs4 ,_m ( ^!1 su* z ! o*res1 umb]s1 etc41 are f natural e>?s2 o!rs are artificially made4 ,!y may g5]ally be pur*as$ ei!r 9 ! =m ( dry p[d] or gr\nd 9 oil4 ,blacks4--,lampblack is ! soot produc$ by burn+ oil1 res91 small coal1 res9\s woods1 coal t> or tall[4 ,x is 9 ! /ate ( v f9e p[d]2 works smoo?ly2 is ( a d5se black color & durable1 b dries v sl[ly 9 oil4 ,vegetable black is a bett] k9d ( lampblack made f oil4 ,x is v light1 free f grit1 & ( a good color4 ,x %\ld be us$ ) boil$ oil1 dri]s1 & a little v>ni%4 ,raw l9se$ oil or spirits ( turp5t9e keeps x f dry+4 ,ivory-black is obta9$ by calc9+ wa/e ivory 9 close vessels & !n gr9d+4 ,x is int5sely black :5 prop]ly burn$4 ,bone-black is inf]ior to ivory-black1 & prep>$ 9 a simil> mann] f bones4 ,blue-black & ,frank=t black ( ! be/ quality are made f v9e twigs2 inf]ior qualities f o!r woods *>r$ & r$uc$ to p[d]4 ,9 ,europe "s o!r blacks are us$1 b we seldom meet ) !m 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,blues4--,prussian blue is made by mix+ prussiate ( pota% ) a salt ( iron4 ,! prussiate ( pota% is obta9$ by calc9+ & dige/+ old lea!r1 blood1 ho(s1 or o!r animal matt] ) c>bonate ( pota% & iron fil+s4 ,?is color is mu* us$1 especially = d>k blues1 mak+ purples1 & int5sify+ black4 ,x dries well ) oil4 ,slight diff]5ces 9 ! manufacture cause consid]able v>iation 9 t9t & color1 :i* leads to ! mat]ial be+ kn[n by diff]5t names--su* z ,antw]p blue1 ,b]l9 blue1 ,hrlem blue1 ,*9ese blue1 etc4 ,indigo is produc$ by /eep+ c]ta9 plants 9 wat]1 & all[+ !m to f]m5t4 ,x is a transp>5t color2 works well 9 oil or wat]1 b is n durable1 especially :5 mix$ ) :ite lead4 ,ultram>9e 0 orig9ally made by gr9d+ ! valuable m9]al ,lapis lazuli4 ,g5u9e ultram>9e s made is v exp5sive1 b artificial ,fr5* & ,g]man ultram>9es are made ( bett] color1 & *eaply1 by fus+ & wa%+ & reheat+ a mixture ( soda1 silica1 alum1 & sulphur4 ,?is blue is *iefly us$ = color+ wall pap]s4 ,cobalt blue is an oxide ( cobalt made by roa/+ cobalt ore4 ,x makes a beautiful color1 & works well 9 wat] or oil4 ,smalt1 ,saxon blue & ,royal blue are color$ by oxides ( cobalt4 ,!re are a few o!r blues1 su* z ,cele/ial or ,brunswick blue1 damp blue & v]dit]1 t are *emical comp\nds1 comp\nds ( alum1 copp]1 lime1 & o!r sub/ances2 b !y are s seldom us$ 9 ?is c\ntry t x is unnecess>y to describe !m 9 detail4 ,yell[s4--,*rome yell[s are *romates ( lead1 produc$ by mix+ dilute solutions ( acetate or nitrate ( lead & bi*romate ( pota%4 ,?is makes a m$ium t9t kn[n z 8middle *rome40 ,! addition ( sulphate ( lead makes ?is pal]1 :5 x is kn[n z 8lemon *rome10 :]eas ! addition ( cau/ic lime makes x 8orange *rome0 ( a d>k] color4 ,! *romes mix well ) oil & ) :ite lead ei!r 9 oil or wat]4 ,!y /& ! sun well1 b l o!r lead salts1 become d>k 9 bad air4 ,*rome yell[ is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) gypsum4 ,naples yell[ is a salt ( lead & antimony1 suppos$ to h be5 orig9ally made f a natural volcanic product at ,naples4 ,x is n s brilliant z *rome1 b has ! same *>act]i/ics4 ,k+'s yell[ is made f ars5ic1 & is !re=e a dang]\s color to h&le1 or use = int]nal "w4 ,x is n durable1 & x injures sev]al o!r colors :5 mix$ ) !m4 ,*9ese yell[1 ars5ic yell[1 & yell[ orpim5t are o!r names = ?is yell[4 ,yell[ o*re is a natural clay color$ by oxide ( iron1 & f\nd abundantly 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,x is n v brilliant1 b is well suit$ = di/emp] "w1 z x is n affect$ by light or air4 ,x does n lose its color :5 mix$ ) lime wa%es z _m o!r colors d4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( o*res1 all hav+ ! same *>act]i/ics diff]+ only 9 color :i* v>ies f a gold5 to a d>k br[n4 ,t]ra ,de ,si5na1 or raw ,si5na1 is a clay1 /a9$ ) oxides ( iron & manganese1 & ( a dull yell[ color4 ,x is durable bo? 9 oil & wat]1 & is useful 9 all "w1 especially 9 gra9+4 ,br[ns4--,br[ns g5]ally owe _! color to oxide ( iron4 ,raw umb] is a clay simil> to o*re color$ by oxide ( iron4 ,! be/ comes f ,turkey2 x is v durable bo? 9 wat] & 9 oil2 does n injure o!r colors :5 mix$ ) !m4 ,burnt ,umb] is ! la/ m5tion$ mat]ial burnt to give x a d>k] color4 ,x is useful z a dri]1 & 9 mix+ ) :ite lead to make a /one color4 ,v&yke ,br[n4--,?is color is an e>?y d>k br[n m9]al2 x is durable bo? 9 oil & wat]1 & is frequ5tly employ$ 9 gra9+4 ,purple ,br[n is ( a r$di%-br[n color4 ,x %\ld be us$ ) boil$ oil--& a little v>ni% & dri]s = outside "w4 ,burnt ,si5na is produc$ by burn+ raw si5na4 ,x is ! be/ color = %ad+ gold4 ,br[n ,p9k is a vegetable color (t5 ( a gre5i% hue4 ,x works well 9 wat] & oil1 b dries badly1 & w n keep its color :5 mix$ ) :ite lead4 ,spani% br[n & br[n o*re are clays color$ naturally by v>i\s oxides4 ,r$s4--,c>m9e1 made f ! co*9eal insect1 is ! mo/ brilliant r$ color kn[n4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 too exp5sive = ord9>y h\se pa9t+1 & is n durable4 ,x is sometimes us$ = inside decoration4 ,r$ ,lead4--,?is color has already be5 describ$ on page #aa4 ,v]milion4--,?is is a sulphide ( m]cury 9 a natural /ate z c9nab>4 ,! be/ comes f ,*9a4 ,artificial v]milion is also made bo? 9 ,*9a & 9 ?is c\ntry f a mixture ( sulphur & m]cury4 ,g5u9e v]milion is v durable1 b :5 mix$ ) r$ lead1 z x is sometimes1 x w n /& ! wea!r4 ,x c be te/$ by heat+ 9 a te/ tube2 if g5u9e x w entirely volatilize4 ,g]man v]milion is ! t]sulphide ( antimony1 & is ( an orange-r$ color4 ,indian ,r$4--,?is color is a gr\nd hematite ore br\ght f ,b5gal2 x is sometimes made artificially by calc9+ sulphate ( iron4 ,! t9ts v>y1 b a rosy hue is consid]$ ! be/4 ,x may be us$ ) turp5t9e & a little v>ni% to produce a dull surface1 dry+ rapidly1 or ) boil$ oil & a little dri]s1 9 :i* case a glossy surface w be produc$1 dry+ m sl[ly4 ,*9ese ,r$ & ,p]sian r$ are *romates ( lead1 produc$ by boil+ :ite lead ) a solution ( bi*romate ( pota%4 ,! t9t ( ,p]sian r$ is obta9$ by ! employm5t ( sulphuric acid4 ,v5etian ,r$ is obta9$ by heat+ sulphate ( iron produc$ z a wa/e product at t9 & copp] works4 ,x is (t5 adult]at$ by mix+ sulphate ( lime ) x dur+ ! manufacture4 ,:5 pure1 x is (t5 call$ 8bright r$40 ,special t9ts ( purple & br[n are frequ5tly requir$1 :i* greatly enhance ! value ( ! mat]ial4 ,^! t9ts %\ld be obta9$ 9 ! process ( manufacture1 & n produc$ by mix+ toge!r a v>iety ( diff]5t %ades ( color4 ,:5 ! t9t desir$ is attempt$ to be obta9$ by ?is latt] c\rse x is nev] s good1 & ! mat]ials produc$ are kn[n 9 ! trade z #8fac$ colors1' & are ( inf]ior value4 ,rose ,p9k4--,?is is made ( a sort ( *alk or :it+ /a9$ ) a t9cture ( ,brazil wood4 ,x fades v quickly1 b x is us$ = pap]hang+s1 common di/emp]1 & = /a9+ *eap furniture4 ,lakes4--,^! are made by precipitat+ color$ vegetable t9ctures by means ( alum & c>bonate ( pota%4 ,! alum9a comb9es ) ! organic color+ matt] & sep>ates x f ! solution4 ,! t9cture us$ v>ies 9 ! diff]5t descriptions ( lake4 ,! be/1 made f co*9eal or madd]1 is us$ = int]nal "w4 ,drop lake is made by dropp+ a mixture ( ,brazil wood ?r\gh a funnel on to a slab4 ,! drops are dri$ & mix$ into a pa/e ) gum wat]4 ,x is sometimes call$ 8,brazil wood lake40 ,sc>let lake is made f co*9eal2 s also are ,flor5t9e lake1 ,hamburg lake1 ,*9ese lake1 ,roman lake1 ,v5etian lake & ,c>m9at$ lake4 ,orange4--,*rome orange is a *romate ( lead1 bright] ?an v]million1 b less durable4 ,orange o*re is a bright yell[ o*re burnt to give x w>m? ( t9t2 x dries & works well 9 wat] or oil1 & is v durable4 ,x is kn[n also z ,spani% o*re4 ,orange r$ is produc$ by a fur!r oxidation ?an is requir$ = r$ lead4 ,x is a bright] & bett] color4 ,gre5s4--,^!1 ( c\rse1 may be made by mix+ blue & yell[ toge!r1 b su* mixtures are less durable ?an ^? produc$ direct f copp]1 ars5ic1 etc4 ,! latt] are1 h[ev]1 objectionable = use 9 di/emp] or on wall pap]s1 z !y are v injuri\s to heal?4 ,brunswick gre5 ( ! be/ k9d is made by treat+ copp] ) sal-ammoniac4 ,*alk1 lead & alum are sometimes add$4 ,x has r a blui% t+e2 dries well 9 oil1 is durable1 & n poison\s4 ,common ,brunswick gre5 is made by mix+ *romate ( lead & ,prussian blue ) sulphate ( b>yta4 ,x is n z durable z real ,brunswick gre54 ,m9]al gre5 is made f bi-basic c>bonate ( copp]2 x wea!rs well4 ,v]digris is acetate ( copp]4 ,x furni%es a blui%-gre5 color1 durable 9 oil or v>ni%1 b n 9 wat]2 x dries rapidly1 b requires great c>e 9 us+ ow+ to its poison\s qualities4 ,gre5 v]dit] is a c>bonate ( copp] & lime2 is n v durable4 ,prussian gre5 is made by mix+ diff]5t sub/ances ) ,prussian blue4 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r gre5s made f copp]1 b !y all possess 9 a great] or less] degree1 ! same qualities z ! =ego+4 ,em]ald or ,p>is gre5 is made ( v]digris mix$ ) a solution ( ars5i\s acid4 ,x is ( a v brilliant color1 b is v poison\s2 is difficult to gr9d1 & dries badly 9 oil4 ,x %\ld be pur*as$ ready gr\nd 9 oil1 z 9 t case ! poison\s p>ticles d n fly ab\t1 & ! difficulty ( gr9d+ is avoid$4 ,s*eele's gre5 & ,vi5na gre5 are also ars5iates ( copp]1 & highly poison\s4 ,*rome gre5 %\ld be made f ! oxide ( *romium1 & is v durable4 ,an inf]ior *rome gre5 is made1 h[ev]1 by mix+ *romate ( lead & ,prussian blue1 z above m5tion$1 & is call$ ,brunswick gre54 ,! *rome %\ld be free f acid or ! color w fade2 x may be te/$ by plac+ x = sev]al days 9 /rong sunlight4 ,proportions ( ,+r$i5ts 9 ,mix$ ,pa9t4--,! composition ( pa9ts %\ld be gov]n$ by ! nature ( ! mat]ial to be pa9t$4 ,?us ! pa9ts respectively be/ adapt$ = pa9t+ wood & iron diff] consid]ably4 ,! k9d ( surface to be cov]$1 i4 e41 a por\s surface requires m oil ?an "o t is imp]vi\s4 ,! nature & appe>ance ( ! "w to be done4 ,delicate t9ts require colorless oil2 a flatt$ surface mu/ be pa9t$ )\t oil1 :i* gives gloss to a %9+ surface4 ,aga91 pa9t us$ = surfaces int5d$ to be v>ni%$ mu/ conta9 a m9imum ( oil4 ,! climate & ! degree ( exposure to :i* ! "w w be subject$2 ?us1 = outside "w boil$ oil is us$1 because x wea!rs bett] ?an raw oil4 ,turps is avoid$ z mu* z possible1 because x evaporates & does n la/2 if1 h[ev]1 ! "w is to be expos$ to ! sun1 turps are necess>y to prev5t ! pa9t f bli/]+4 ,! skill ( ! pa9t] also affects ! composition2 a good workman c lay on ev5 coats ) a small] quantity ( oil & turps ?an a man :o is unskilful2 extra turps1 especially1 are (t5 add$ to save labor4 ,! quality ( ! mat]ials makes an important diff]5ce 9 ! proportions us$4 ,?us m oil & turps w comb9e ) pure ?an ) impure :ite lead2 ?ick oil mu/ be us$ 9 great] quantity ?an ?9 oil4 ,:5 pa9t is pur*as$ ready gr\nd 9 oil1 a s(t pa/e w require less turps & oil = ?9n+ ?an a ?ick pa/e4 ,la/ly1 ! diff]5t coats ( pa9t v>y 9 _! composition2 ! fir/ coat laid on to new "w requires a good deal ( oil to soak into ! mat]ial2 on old "w ! fir/ coat requires turp5t9e to make x adh]e2 ! int]m$iate coats conta9 a proportion ( turp5t9e to make !m "w smoo?ly1 & to ! f9al coats ! color+ mat]ials are add$1 ! rema9d] ( ! +r$i5ts be+ v>i$ z already describ$1 accord+ z ! surface is to be glossy or flatt$4 ,! exact proportion ( ! +r$i5ts be/ to be us$ 9 mix+ pa9ts v>ies accord+ to _! quality1 ! nature ( ! "w requir$1 ! climate1 & o!r consid]ations4 ,! composition ( ! pa9t = ! diff]5t coats also v>ies consid]ably4 ,! proportions giv5 9 ! foll[+ table1 mu/1 !re=e1 only be tak5 z an approximate guide :5 ! mat]ials are ( good quality4 ,table %[+ ! composition ( ! diff]5t coats ( :ite pa9t1 & ! quantities requir$ to cov] #ajj y>ds ( newly work$ p9e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,r$ ,,:ite ,,raw ,,boil$ ,,turpe- ,,dri]s4 ,,lead4 ,,lead4 ,,l9se$ ,,l9se$ ,,nt9e4 ,,oil4 ,,oil4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,inside "w1 #d coats lbs4 lbs4 pts4 lbs4 n flatt$4 ,prim+9999 #af #f -- -- #b;d ,coat 99 #ae #c -- #a #c;d ,coat -- #ac #b -- #a #d? ,coat -- #ac #b -- #a ,inside "w1 #d coats & flatt+4 ,prim+ #a #af #f -- #a-h #b;d ,coat -- #ab #d -- #a #a-aj #c;d ,coat -- #ab #d -- #j #a-aj #d? ,coat -- #ab #d -- #j #a-aj ,flatt+ -- #i #j -- #c #a-aj ,outside "w1 #d coats n flatt$4 ,prim+999999 #b #ah #b #b -- #a-h #b;d ,coat -- #ae #b #b #a-aj #c;d ,coat -- #ae #b #b #a-aj #d? ,coat -- #ae #c #b #j #a-aj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ 99 ,sometimes j en\gh r$ lead is us$ to give a fle%-color$ t9t4 9999 ,sometimes m r$ lead is us$ & less dri]4 999999 ,:5 ! f9i%$ color is n to be pure :ite1 x is bett] to h ne>ly all ! oil boil$ oil4 ,all boil$ oil does n "w well4 ,= pure :ite a l>g] proportion ( raw oil is necess>y1 because boil$ oil is too d>k4 ,= e #ajj squ>e y>ds1 besides ! mat]ials enum]at$ 9 ! =ego+1 #b lbs4 ( :ite lead & #e lbs4 ( putty w be requir$ = /opp+4 ,! area :i* a giv5 quantity ( pa9t w cov] dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! surface to :i* x is appli$1 ! proportion ( ! +r$i5ts & ! /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,:5 ! "w is requir$ to dry quickly1 m turp5t9e is add$ to all ! coats4 ,9 repa9t+ old "w1 two coats are g5]ally requir$1 ! old pa9t+ be+ consid]$ z prim+4 ,sometimes ano!r coat may be deem$ necess>y4 ,= outside old "w expos$ to ! sun1 bo? coats %\ld conta9 "o p9t ( turp5t9e & f\r p9ts ( boil$ oil1 ! rema9+ +r$i5ts be+ z /at$ 9 ! =ego+ table4 ,! extra turp5t9e is us$ to prev5t bli/]+4 ,9 cold wea!r m turp5t9e %\ld be us$ to make ! pa9t fl[ freely4 ,op]ations4--,all prim+ %\ld be rubb$ out z f> z possible1 = if x is fl[$ out loosely or laid on ?ick x w be apt to bli/] & run4 ,9 prim+ ov] spots1 h[ev]1 :]e pat*+ is be+ done1 x may sometimes be necess>y to leave ! coat ?ick or heavy1 = new "w c nev] be re-t\*$ & look well1 aft] ! "w is second coat$ or f9i%$2 = su* re-t\*+ w\ld %[ & spoil ! :ole "w4 ,9 prim+ ! pa9t %\ld fl[ easily1 & ! bru% %\ld be press$ on to ! wood s t ! pa9t w be =c$ into ! pores4 ,9 all cases x is a great sav+ ( "t to cov] z l>ge a surface z conv5i5t be=e smoo?+ or f9i%+ (f4 ,all "w on ! same surface %\ld be f9i%$ at ! "o application1 if possible1 = 8laps0--:i* =m ! junctions ( "w done at diff]5t times--%\ld be avoid$ :]ev] !y c1 z !y are sure to disfigure ! "w :]e !y exi/4 ,( c\rse1 x is sometimes impossible to avoid laps1 b :]e !y mu/ occur1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to make ! connection ) z little 8lap0 z possible or x w be c]ta9 to %[ ?r\gh ! "w :5 f9i%$4 ,! defect1 if occurr+ dur+ ! second coat+1 w %[ mu* worse ?an 9 ! prim+ coat4 ,9 pa9t+1 l ev]y?+ else1 a sy/em mu/ be foll[$ to make mu* headway4 ,exp]i5ce1 p]haps1 is ! only effective tea*] 9 ?is matt]2 & any rules laid d[n by u w h b little effect1 if ! op]ator does n1 or c n sy/ematize4 ,! workman :o foll[s a sy/em w d ne>ly twice z mu* "w ) less labor1 ?an ! man :o works only by ! rule ( ?umb4 ,9 pa9t+ bl9ds1 lattices1 rail+s1 cut brackets or o!r simil> "w1 "s me?od ( op]ation %\ld be adopt$4 ,a little obs]vation on ! "p ( ! op]ator1 w soon tea* him ! be/ me?ods to adopt 9 do+ any p>ticul> k9d ( "w4 ,prep>+ ! ,"w4--,9 prep>+ "w = pa9t+1 too mu* c>e _c be ex]cis$1 z succe$+ coats & ! f9al result dep5d v mu* on ! prop] condition ( ! "w :5 ! prim+ coat is appli$4 ,fir/1 all ! r\gh places 9 ! wood %\ld be rubb$ d[n ) a block cov]$ ) s&pap]2 & ! m\ld+s & beads %\ld be well clean$ out ) s&pap]4 ,!n 7& ?is is a matt] ( prime importance7 e knot1 h[ev] small1 e indication ( sap on ! wood1 or discoloration ( any k9d1 & e appe>ance ( pit* or gum1 %\ld be c>efully v>ni%$ ov] ) :ite %ellac v>ni%1 if ! "w is to be f9i%$ 9 :ite or light t9ts--or ) v>ni% made f unblea*$ or common %ellac1 if ! "w is to be f9i%$ 9 d>k %ades4 ,! common %ellac1 9 ! latt] case1 answ]s equally well ) ! blea*$ article1 & at less co/4 ,?is %\ld n1 "u any circum/ances1 be neglect$1 z x is impossible1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 o!rwise to make good "w4 ,:5 "w is to be f9i%$ ) two coats1 ! putty us$ = /opp+ ! nail-heads & o!r ind5tations %\ld be made ( :ite lead1 work$ up ) common :it+ to ! prop] consi/5cy1 & ! fill+ %\ld be done aft] ! fir/ coat %all h become well dri$4 ,:5 m ?an two coats are to be appli$1 ! fill+ %\ld be done betwe5 ! fir/ & second coats1 ) ord9>y pure l9se$-oil putty4 ,x %\ld be adopt$ z a rule1 nev] to apply pure :ite z a prim+ coat2 no matt] :e!r ! "w is to be f9i%$ ) "o or f\r coats1 ! result w always be m satisfactory if ! fir/ coat be /a9$4 ,a little f9ely-gr\nd lampblack answ]s z well = ?is z any?+4 ,! only way to produce solid1 uni=m "w1 is by mak+ e succe$+ coat light] 9 t9t ?an ! "o :i* prec$$ x4 ,?is is especially ! case ) walls1 & o!r ext5d$ flat surfaces4 ,no matt] :at ! f9i% is to be1 ! fir/ coat %\ld always be d>k] ?an ! "o :i* succe$s x2 & ! d>k] ! %ade ( ! f9i%+ coat1 ! m important x is t ?is rule %\ld be obs]v$4 ,if ! "w is to be f9i%$ ) black1 prime ) black4 ,if ) gre51 let t be ! color ( all ! prec$+ coats4 ,if ) blue1 let t color be ! gr\nd "w4 ,:at c be m /upid ?an apply+ to "w :i* is to be f9i%$ 9 imitation ( black walnut a prim+ coat ( :ite8 ,all "w %\ld be prim$ especially ) reg>d to ! f9i%+ color4 ,!re is n half en\gh ( d>k colors us$ 9 prim+ applications4 ,v5etian r$1 f9ely gr\nd 9 boil$ oil1 deeply /a9$ ) black--& us$ v ?91 9 ord] to /a9 ! wood z mu* z possible--is ! be/ fir/ coat = "w :i* is to be f9i%$ 9 imitation ( black walnut or o!r d>k wood4 ,! succe$+ coats %\ld be z d>k z may be ) a view to ! prop] %ade ( gr\nd-"w = ! gra9+4 ,9 su* case1 if 7z mu/ happ5 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts7 ! "w becomes bruis$ or 8*ipp$0--by an accid5tal knock f a *air leg or o!r article ( h\se furniture--! g5]al appe>ance ( x is little impair$ !reby4 ,q ! contr>y1 h[ev]1 is ! case if ! und]nea? coats are :ite4 ,!n1 an accid5t ( ! k9d be=e m5tion$1 %[s a :ite spot1 :i* />+ly proclaims ! "w to be a delusion & a %am4 ,d>k colors1 too1 z ! ,v5etian r$ be=e m5tion$1 make bett] f\ndations ?an :ite lead or z9c4 ,!y dry h>d] & 8rub0 bett]1 &1 :at is mo/ important1 co/ less4 ,?is matt] hav+ be5 duly consid]$1 let u n[ proce$ to ! coats succe$+ ! fir/4 ,be=e apply+ a second coat1 ! fir/ %\ld be c>efully rubb$1 & all ! nail-heads & o!r ind5tations c>efully /opp$ ) pure l9se$-oil putty--us+ = flat surfaces a squ>e-blad$ putty-knife4 ,putty+ ) ! f+]s %\ld nev] be tol]at$ 7good "w is n[ ! subject "u consid]ation74 ,?is done1 ! :ole %\ld be c>efully exam9$ to asc]ta9 if ! oil 9 ! =m] coat %all h reveal$ any res9\s or pit*y spots1 n previ\sly cov]$ ) ! %ellac4 ,^! prelim9>ies be+ att5d$ to1 ! "w may be consid]$ ready = a second coat4 ,! directions z to rubb+ ) s&pap] are to be obs]v$ 9 all ! succe$+ coats4 ,z a rule1 on int]ior "w1 pa9t %\ld nev] be appli$ to a surface :i* has n be5 previ\sly rubb$4 ,s&pap] = fre% "w & pumice-/one = old "w4 ,always di/ru/ ! education ( a pa9t] 9 8 trade :o goes to "w )\t a lump ( pumice-/one1 a %eet ( s&pap]1 a putty-knife1 & a rag to wipe (f ! spatt]s--sp>ks1 z ! ,iri% n inaptly call !m4 ,apropos ( spatt]s6 ,e pa9t] has se5 7! result too ( unp>donable neglig5ce7 plates ( glass s cov]$ ) spatt]s1 t to remove !m w\ld require m "t ?an w\ld s]ve to pa9t ! woodwork ( a 8full-trimm$0 w9d[4 ,9 prim+ "w :i* is to be f9i%$ 9 oak1 f9ely-gr\nd ,fr5* o*re is recomm5d$4 ,! objection to ?is pigm5t1 t x does n "w smoo?ly & easily "u ! bru%1 has aris5 f its co>s5ess4 ,f9ely gr\nd 9 boil$ oil1 x works z smoo?ly z :ite lead1 & makes an excell5t f\ndation = ! succe$+ coats4 ,= walls ! fir/ coat %\ld be z d>k 9 %ade & z ?9 z practicable1 ! object be+ to /a9 ! pla/] z mu* z possible4 ,inde$1 if ! :ole mass ( pla/] c\ld be /a9$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 x w\ld be desirable to s /a9 x4 ,! use ( glue 9 wall pa9t+ is ( d\btful propriety4 ,x %\ld nev]1 "u any circum/ance1 be put on until aft] ! second coat1 & !n rubb$ on ) a rag1 v lightly4 ,9 fir/-class "w1 h[ev]1 its use is n recomm5d$4 ,pla/] mix$ ) weak glue-size--:i* prev5ts its sett+ too rapidly--is ! be/ mat]ial = /opp+ walls prep>atory to pa9t+1 & ea* coat ( pa9t %\ld be c>efully rubb$ ) worn s&-pap]1 be=e ! succe$+ coat is put on4 ,= prep>+ walls a small pocket-tr[el w be f\nd a mo/ s]viceable tool1 or a tr[el-%ap$ putty-knife1 :i* article has come into g5]al use4 ,! prep>ation ( ceil+s = :itewa%+ 7or kalsom9+ z ?is op]ation is sometimes pret5ti\sly call$7 is an op]ation requir+ "s skill & k ( 8h[ to d x40 ,a dirty ceil+1 :i* has be5 subject$ to successive coats ( :itewa%1 :e!r ( lime1 or ( :it+ & glue-size1 _c be made solidly & smoo?ly :ite by additional :itewa%+4 ,! mass has become spongy1 & sucks up ! wat] s quickly t ! mat]ial _c be ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,9 su* case ! only way is to beg9 anew1 to g at once 8d[n to h>d pan0 by remov+ all ! previ\s applications by wa%+ & scrap+4 ,?is is be/ effect$ ) a broad-blad$ squ>e-po9t$ putty-knife1 keep+ ! ceil+ wet mean:ile4 ,pla/] 7h>d-f9i%7 is n ( uni=m d5sity1 & "s spots are mu* m absorb5t ?an o!rs4 ,to rem$y ?is a mixture ( s(t soap & alum1 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 %\ld be appli$ ) a broad kalsom9e bru%4 ,x is n assum$ t m]e v]bal in/ructions c tea* ! art ( :it5+ or t9t+ walls & ceil+s 9 wat]-colors4 ,to produce good results1 great skill 9 prep>+ ! mat]ials & dext]ity 9 manipulation are requir$2 & su* "w %\ld be intru/$ only to compet5t h&s4 ,a mass ( unsuitable mat]ial may be *eaply put ^u a ceil+2 b :5 ! same %all require repa9t+1 ! co/ ( labor w be great] 9 remov+ ! previ\s coat+1 ?an w be ! :ole co/ ( repa9t+4 ,^! rem>ks1 too1 apply equally to all k9ds ( pa9t+2 & ref]5ce is made to ! :it5+ & t9t+ ( ceil+s only1 because ( ! g5]al impression t ?is k9d ( "w may be p]=m$ by anybody4 ,! mat]ials & tools us$ 9 pa9t+ are too co/ly to wa/$ & worn by incompet5t h&l+4 8,pa9t+ j to keep ! g>d5] or ho/l] out ( idl5ess10 w prove 9 mo/ cases a left-h&$ economy4 ,su* exp]im5ts are prud5t only :5 ! s]vices ( skill$ workman _c be obta9$4 ,ta/e 9 ,color4--,9 rooms to be liv$ 91 simple :ite = color ( walls & pa9t1 z well z any extremely d>k treatm5t1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,! walls ( rooms %\ld be su* backgr\nds z w be/ suit ! complexions & dresses ( ! l>g] numb] ( p4 ,delicate :ite int5sifies by contra/ any unpleasantness or want ( p]fection2 extreme d>k w\ld make p look :ite & gha/ly4 ,neutral colors w be f\nd ! be/--g5]ally "s grey or cool color t w contra/ ) w>m? ( complexions4 ,on no acc\nt let an absolutely pure color be us$ = g5]al surfaces4 ,nature provides no su* color 9 pigm5ts4 ,h] yell[s are gre5i% or r$di%1 & s on4 ,nor does %e use x to any ext5t 9 inanimate nature4 ,s mu* s t y w f9d t if y h mu* difficulty 9 describ+ a color1 y may be c]ta9 x is good2 ! m difficulty ! m beauty4 ,nature tru/s ma9ly to gradations ( tone1 us+ vivid color 9 small quantities only1 z 9 ! t\*es on bright fl[]s & butt]flies4 ,?is tea*+ ( nature w be f\nd second$ 9 ! pictures ( ! greate/ arti/s1 & 9 foll[+ su* tea*+1 x is necess>y to consid] ! object to :i* 79 dome/ic "w1 say7 ! rooms are to be devot$4 ,a draw+-room1 x is agre$1 %\ld be light1 fe/ive & gay2 d9+-room at once m sob]1 & ) m dep? & w>m?1 z befits its uses4 ,y mu/ also consid] ! light & %ade2 op5+s1 & ! positions ( !m2 = ^! may 7or may n7 effect = y contra/ ( tone1 & may ev5 t\* ! "q ( ! good s5se ( y\r :ole s*eme ( decoration4 ,9 a lecture deliv]$ be=e ! ,briti% ,ar*itectural ,association1 on ?is subject1 ! lectur] sugge/$ t 9 ! treatm5t ( a draw+-room ! walls %\ld be a light neutral grey1 fawn color1 or pale gre5 7n d>k1 b n :ite74 ,dados are suitable = all rooms1 ev5 draw+-rooms4 ,!y may be made ( wood1 pa9t$ z ! room doors1 or ( /amp$ lea!r1 or ( ! ,fr5* pap] imitations ( /amp$ lea!r4 ,a frieze does n int]f]e ) ! heads ( sitt]s1 & adds mu* int]e/ if x has its s5tim5t or /ory4 ,if fl[]s =m "p ( y\r decorations1 h no relief1 no imitation ( nature's light & %ade4 ,a wall mu/ be a wall2 if1 neglect+ ?is1 y introduce illusions to ! eye1 ! s5se ( solidity w n be sugge/$4 ,! ,japanese decorate on correct pr9ciples1 ) tru? to ! idea d]iv$ f nature1 & tru? 9 art1 adaptation ( repres5tation to mat]ials & me?od4 ,z reg>ds ! woodwork !re %\ld be no gra9+ any:]e2 its aspect1 h[ev] well execut$1 is repulsive4 ,real woods are always beautiful4 ,pla9 pa9t+ may be d>k] or light] ?an ! g5]al wall surfaces2 bo? w look well4 ,! doors may h /5cill$ decorations 9 angles ( panels2 birds or butt]flies1 or plants1 or any beautiful natural objects w supply motives4 ,! ceil+s %\ld r>ely be :olly :ite1 except ( halls or :]e ! light is defective4 ,pap]$ ceil+s look well4 ,! use ( gold is g5]ally satisfactory2 x reflects a w>m tone on ev]y?+ bel[4 ,put a good am\nt ( color on a ceil+--n1 h[ev]1 mak+ x s d>k z to br+ x too close to ! eye4 ,! c>pet mu/ be ei!r light] or d>k] ?an ! walls4 ,?is is foll[+ out ! arti/'s rule1 to make ei!r backgr\nd or =egr\nd run into ! figure4 ,if ?is is n done 9 pa9t+1 a woman 9 :ite sat91 = in/ance1 aga9/ a d>k floor & d>k walls1 w look l a cut-out figure /uck on1 & ! same sort ( result w\ld occur 9 rooms4 ,z 9 ord9>y life dresses are d>k 9 color1 :]e a light wall tone has be5 recomm5d$1 ! c>pet w h to be d>k] ?an ! walls4 ,n too vivid 9 color1 h[ev]1 & ( c\rse1 no fl[]s1 f]ns1 birds' ne/s1 & su* l fe>ful ?+s4 ,furniture & hang+s %\ld n be too mu* alike 9 color2 h1 say1 ! c>pet "o tone1 ! cov]+s ( ! furniture ano!r1 & ! curta9s & o!r hang+s a ?ird4 ,h summ] & w9t] hang+s & furniture cov]+s2 ^? = ! =m] light & *e]ful1 ! o!rs ) m w>m?1 & sugge/ive ( com=t & home life4 ,a table-clo?1 occasional *air1 or a rug1 may supply a bit ( effective contra/ ) prevail+ hues ( hang+s1 etc41 & a spot ( vivid color 9 a vase or "s small hang+ w complete ! =mal decoration ( ! room4 ,gra9+4--,! art ( imitat+ ! gra9 ( ! m exp5sive woods has be5 br\ght to a great degree ( p]fection1 b ( late ye>s s _m unskill$ workm5 h und]tak5 to imitate ! natural gra9 ( wood ) su* imp]fect results1 t ?is beautiful bran* ( pa9t+ has fall5 into p>tial disuse4 ,a few rem>ks1 !re=e1 to ! un9itiat$ may n be inappropriate 9 ?is "w4 ,mahogany1 sat9wood1 rosewood1 mottl$ & walnut roots1 maple1 & "s o!rs1 are frequ5tly imitat$2 & x is seldom t a h\se is f9i%$ )\t "s gra9+ be+ introduc$4 ,! imitation ( ! above-m5tion$ woods are be/ p]=m$ 9 gr\nd di/emp] 7wat] colors7 :i* are always pref]able & m economical pur*as$ ready prep>$4 ,oak1 *e/nut1 a% & simil> long-gra9$ woods1 are be/ execut$ 9 oil-color1 p>ticul>ly = outdoor "w4 ,= draw+ rooms1 delicate p>ty colors are pref]able1 z !y h>monize bett] ) ! neutral t9ts on ! walls or delicate t9t$ pap]s4 ,! process ( gra9+ is v simple4 ,to be an accompli%$ gra9]1 practice & an arti/ic ta/e is v necess>y4 ,too frequ5tly ! imitation is ov]done1 ! %ad+ too deep & obtrusive1 & ! "w made too gl>+ ) figure & v>ni%1 has an unnatural appe>ance2 a gra9] %\ld always avoid attempt+ to ov]-d nature4 ,! foll[+ is an approv$ me?od3--,! surface on new wood %\ld be prep>$ ) ?ree coats ( oil pa9ts = ! gr\nd color1 & regulat$ 9 %ade by ! color ( ! wood to be imitat$1 mak+ due all[ance = ! gra9+ t9t t is to cov] x4 ,! gr\nd colors %\ld always be p]fectly dry be=e ! gra9+ is comm5c$4 ,! pa9t] !n prep>+ small quantities ( ! colors he requires1 applies x ?9ly & ev5ly ov] ! surface & proce$s to wipe out ) 8 ?umb & a piece ( :ite cotton clo? ! figure ( ! gra94 ,"s gra9]s use rubb] in/ead4 ,we _c "h expla9 all ! diff]5t processes = ! imitation ( ! gra9 ( wood4 ,_m pa9t]s h a me?od ( _! own1 :i* f long practice produce excell5t results4 ,9 "s cases1 gra9+ 9 di/emp] may be adopt$ ) great success = indoor "w1 & if ! colors are put on ?91 s t ! v>ni% w p5etrate ?r\gh into ! gr\nd color1 ?is k9d ( gra9+ is z durable z oil-color1 & is susceptible ( be+ made f> m beautiful1 & s(t look+ 9 ! imitation ( mottl$ woods4 ,= bl5d+ di/emp] colors1 a badg]'s hair bl5d] %\ld be frequ5tly us$ to s(t5 d[n & bl5d ! t9ts :]e necess>y2 b = bl5d+ oil-color1 9 ord] to produce an elongation ( ! gra91 we h f\nd a flat v>ni% bru%1 kept mod]ately damp & clean1 pref]able to ! badg]'s hair4 ,:5 ! "w is dry1 ! %ades necess>y = "s woods %\ld be laid on 9 di/emp]-color 7"s use ?9 oil-colors7 & !n cov]$ ) two coats ( good oil v>ni%4 ,common v>ni% %\ld nev] be us$ on outside "w4 ,oak ,gra9+4--,9 oak gra9+ ! color is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,procure "s f9ely-gr\nd burnt umb] & raw si5na 7or ,v&yke br[n & raw si5na if a d>k oak be requir$71 & ?9 ) equal p>ts ( l9se$ oil & turp5t9e4 ,add a l>ge quantity ( pat5t dry] to make x /& ! comb4 ,! color is n[ ready = use4 ,! gra9+ color is bru%$ ov] ! "w 9 ! ord9>y way ) a p\nd bru%1 c>e be+ tak5 n to put too mu* color on1 else x is liable to look dirty4 ,a dry du/+ bru% is n[ us$ to /ipple )1 :i*1 if prop]ly done1 w di/ribute ! color ev5ly4 ,x is n[ ready = comb+4 ,fir/ take a m$ium or co>se-cut gutta-p]*a comb1 & draw x d[n "o side ( ! panel1 !n use a f9] "o to complete x4 ,?is comb w leave ! m>ks ( ! gra9 9 cle> unbrok5 l9es f top to bottom ( ! panel4 ,we n[ take a f9e /eel comb & g ov] ! :ole ( ! previ\s comb+2 b 9 draw+ ?is comb d[n1 we ei!r move x 9 a slant+ or diagonal direction across ! previ\s comb+1 or draw x d[n ) a quick & %ort wavy motion & curl4 ,bo? ! =m] & latt] motions w break up ! long l9es left by ! gutta-p]*a comb into %ort bits1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 repres5t ! pores or gra9s ( ! real wood4 ,next take out ! lights ( figur+ or ve9+4 ,?is is effect$ by means ( a piece ( wa%lea!r1 held tightly ov] ! ?umb nail4 ,e "t a few lights are wip$ out ! lea!r %\ld be mov$ slightly1 s t ! same "p ( ! lea!r w n be us$ twice1 ?us ensur+ clean "w4 ,!re are v>i\s me?ods ( do+ ?is1 b !y require mu* m practice4 ,:5 ! figures are all wip$ out !y w require to be s(t5$4 ,by s(t5+ we mean ! imitation ( ^? half %ades se5 ^u & ab\t ! figures 9 ! real wood4 ,^! are imitat$ by d\bl+ a piece ( wa%lea!r into a small roll1 & ) ! side ( ?is ! gra9 is p>tly wip$ away or s(t5$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to wipe (f ! :ole ( ! gra94 ,if ! op]ator has a piece ( ! real wood to look at occasionally he w be mat]ially assi/$4 ,z soon z ! oil color is dry x %\ld be ov]-gra9$4 ,?is is effect$ 9 wat] color4 ,next g ov] ! "w ) a bit ( sponge & soap to prev5t x 8ciss+40 ,be=e lay+ on ! ov]-gra9+1 wa% out ! sponge & wipe ! "w4 ,x is n[ ready to receive ! color4 ,gr9d up f9ely a little v&yke br[n 9 wat]1 & dilute x ) table-be] & wat]4 ,x is !n ready4 ,take a flat hog-hair bru%1 #c 94 to #d 94 wide1 dip x 9 ! color & draw x ov] ! "w1 9 mo/ cases 9 ! direction ( ! comb+1 b occasionally cross+4 ,! hair ( ! bru%1 be+ ?9ly plac$1 w sep>ate into pat*es1 & h5ce ! color w be deposit$ 9 /reaks1 resembl+ ! natural gradations :i* ! wood pres5ts4 ,if y h n a bru% ( ?is k9d a sponge may be us$ to put 9 ! /reak & to s(t5 (f4 ,!n dry v>ni% 9 ! usual way4 ,_s ,gra9+ = ,oak4--#b lbs4 :it+1 lb4 gold size1 ?9n$ d[n ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 !n t+e y\r :it+ ) v&yke br[n & raw si5na gr\nd f9e4 ,/rike out y\r light ) a pit* or piece ( rubb] dipp$ 9 turp5t9e1 t+$ ) a little color to %[ ! lights4 ,if y\r lights d n appe> cle>1 add a little m turp5t9e4 ,turp5t9e v>ni% is a good sub/itute = ! above m5tion$4 ,?is k9d ( gra9+ mu/ be bru%$ ov] ) be] ) a clean bru% be=e v>ni%+4 ,/rong be] mu/ be us$ = glaz+ up top gra9+ & %ad+4 ,old ,oak 9 ,di/emp]4--,to make an exce$+ly ri* color = ! imitation ( old oak1 ! gr\nd is a composition ( /one o*re or orange *rome & burnt si5na2 ! gra9+ is burnt umb] or v&yke br[n1 to d>k5 x a little4 ,! above colors may be us$ = oil z well4 ,poll>d ,oak4--,gr\nd color1 a mixture ( *rome yell[1 v]milion & :ite lead1 to br+ x to a ri* light buff4 ,! gra9+ colors are v&yke br[n & small portions ( raw & burnt si5na & lake1 gr\nd 9 be] or v9eg>4 ,fill a l>ge bru% ) color & spread x ov] ! surface to be gra9$1 & s(t5 ) a badg] hair bru%4 ,take a moi/5$ sponge & dapple r\nd & r\nd 9 k9d ( knobs1 !n s(t5 v lightly1 aft] :i* draw a s(t5] f "o set ( knobs to ! o!r :ile wet1 to =m a multiplicity ( gra91 & f9i% ! knobs ) a hair p5cil1 9 "s places 9 ?ick] clu/]s ?an o!rs4 ,:5 dry1 put ! top gra9 on 9 a v>iety ( directions1 & v>ni% ) turp5t9e & gold size2 !n glaze up ) v&yke & /rong be]4 ,f9i% ) copal v>ni%4 ,?is is = di/emp] only4 ,mottl$ ,mahogany4--,! gr\nd is prep>$ ) ! be/ ,v5etian r$1 r$ lead1 & a small proportion ( :ite lead4 ,! gra9+ colors are burnt si5na1 gr\nd 9 be]1 ) a small portion ( v&yke br[n4 ,cov] ! surface to be gra9$1 s(t5 ) a badg] hair bru%1 & :ile wet take a damp sponge & g ov] ! lights a second "t1 9 ord] to give a v>iety ( %ade2 !n bl5d ! :ole ( ! "w ) ! badg] s(t5]4 ,put ! top gra9 on ) ! same color4 ,:5 dry1 v>ni%4 ,= di/emp] only4 ,rosewood4--,mix v]milion & a small quantity ( :ite lead = ! gr\nd4 ,take rose-p9k1 t+$ ) a little lamp-black or v&yke br[n1 & gr9d v f9e 9 oil1 !n take a flat gra9+ bru%1 ) ! hairs cut away at unequal di/ances1 & cut d[n ! gra9 z if w5d+ r\nd a knob4 ,:5 ne>ly dry1 take a gra9+ comb t is us$ = oak1 & draw d[n ! gra94 ,?is w give x ! appe>ance ( nature4 ,!n v>ni%4 ,?is makes an excell5t & durable imitation4 ,ano!r = ,rosewood4--,?is gr\nd is prep>$ ) v]milion & small quantities ( :ite lead & crimson lake4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is dry1 & made v smoo?1 take v&yke br[n1 gr\nd 9 oil1 & ) a v s(t tool spread ! color ov] ! surface 9 diff]5t directions1 =m+ a k9d ( knots4 ,be=e ! "w is dry take a piece ( lea!r1 & ) great fre$om /rike out ! light ve9s2 hav+ previ\sly prep>$ ! d>ke/ t9t ( v&yke br[n or gum asphaltum1 imm$iately take ! flat gra9+ bru% ) few hairs 9 x1 call$ a top gra9]1 & draw ! gra9 ov] ! "w & s(t54 ,:5 v>ni%$1 ! imitation w be excell5t4 ,curl$ ,maple 9 ,oil4--,prep>e a ri* gr\nd by mix+ *rome yell[1 :ite lead & burnt si5na4 ,= ! gra9+ color1 gr9d equal p>ts ( raw si5na & umb] ) a little burnt copp]as & turp5t9e1 & mix x ) a small quantity ( gra9]'s cream1 ?9 ! color ) oil2 !n fill a tool & spread ! surface ev5 & rub out ! lights ) %>p edge ( a piece ( buff lea!r1 wip+ x frequ5tly to keep x clean2 s(t5 ! edges ( ! "w v lightly1 & :5 dry1 put on ! top gra9 ) burnt umb] & raw si5na gr\nd 9 be] ) ! :ite ( an egg beat into x4 ,v>ni%4 ,curl$ ,maple 9 ,di/emp]4--,prep>e a light yell[ = ! gr\nd1 by mix+ *rome yell[ & :ite lead1 t+$ ) ,v5etian r$4 ,! gra9+ color is a mixture ( equal portions ( raw si5na & v&yke br[n1 gr\nd 9 be]4 ,spread ! surface to be gra9$ 9 an ev5 mann]2 !n ) a piece ( cork rub across ! "w to & fro1 to =m ! gra9s :i* run across ! wood2 s(t51 & :5 dry lightly top gra9 ) ! same color4 ,v>ni%4 ,bird's ,eye ,maple 9 ,oil4--,! gr\nd is a light buff1 prep>$ ) :ite lead1 *rome yell[ & a little v]milion or ,engli% ,v5etian1 to take (f ! rawness ( ! yell[4 ,! gra9+ color is equal p>ts ( raw umb] & si5na1 gr\nd 9 oil to ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,spread ! surface ( ! "w ) ?is color1 & hav+ "s ( ! same prep>$ a little ?ick]1 imm$iately take a sa% tool or sponge & put on ! d>k %ades1 & s(t5 ) a badg] hair bru%2 be=e ! color is dry put on ! eyes by dabb+ ! dott+ ma*9e on ! "w1 or by /rik+ ! colors %ort & %>p ) ! tips ( ! f+]s1 !n bl5d slightly ! eyes 9 "o direction only4 ,:5 dry1 put on ! gra9 ) ! camels hair p5cil on ! prom95t p>ts to imitate ! small he>ts ( ! wood4 ,! same gra9+ colors to be gr\nd 9 "h = di/emp]4 ,walnut 9 ,oil4--,! gr\nd is =m$ ) o*re1 ,indian r$1 umb]1 & :ite4 ,! gra9+ coat is simil> to t describ$ "u ! oak head+1 & is prep>$ ) v&yke br[n2 & = ! d>k] %ades1 f9e ivory-black2 ! wip+ out & bl5d+ to resemble t 9 mahogany2 ! f9e d>k ve9s ( ivory-black to be lightly & wavily drawn ov] ! "w aft] x is bl5d$4 ,x is !n ready = ! v>ni%4 ,sat9-wood 9 ,di/emp]4--,?is gr\nd is prep>$ ) :ite lead1 /one o*re & small quantities ( *rome yell[ & burnt si5na4 ,! gra9+ color is "o-?ird ( raw si5na & :it+1 gr\nd 9 pale ale1 v ?92 !n spread ! color ov] ! surface to be gra9$4 ,:ile wet s(t51 & h ready a wet roll] or mottl+ bru%1 9 ord] to take out ! lights2 bl5d ! :ole ) ! badg] hair bru%1 & ) ! same color put on ! top gra94 ,v>ni%4 ,to ,imitate ,granite 9 ,oil4--,= ! gr\nd color1 /a9 y\r :ite lead to a light lead color1 ) lamp-black & a little rose-p9k4 ,?r[ on black spots ) a co>se bru% or granit+ ma*9e4 ,a pale r$ also1 & fill up ) :ite be=e ! gr\nd is dry4 ,ano!r = ! ,same4--,a black gr\nd2 :5 half dry ?r[ 9 v]milion1 a deep yell[1 & :ite spots4 ,m>ble4--,= ,:ite ,m>ble1 get up a pure :ite gr\nd1 !n hold a light$ tall[ c&le ne> ! surface1 & all[ ! smoke to =m ! %ades & v>i\s t9ts desir$4 ,?is w make a v h&some imitation4 ,black ,m>ble4--,imitation is made by /reak+ a black surface ) colors1 us+ a fea!r & p5cil4 ,ano!r plan is to get up a smoo? black surface2 !n take ! colors1 gre51 yell[1 r$1 :ite1 etc41 gr\nd ?ick 9 gold size1 & /reak ! surface ) a /ick or hair p5cil4 ,all[ x to dry1 & apply a heavy coat ( lamp-black & yell[ o*re mix$1 mix$ r\gh /uff4 ,:5 all is h>d1 rub d[n to a level surface ) lump pumice-/one1 v>ni% & a beautiful v>iegat$ m>ble w be ! result4 ,r$ ,m>ble4--,= ! gr\nd put on a :ite t+$ ) lake or v]milion2 !n apply deep r$ pat*es1 fill+ up ! int]m$iate spaces ) br[n & :ite mix$ 9 oil2 !n bl5d !m toge!r2 if 9 quick dry+ colors1 use ab\t half turp5t9e & gold size4 ,:5 dry1 v>ni%1 & :ile ! v>ni% is wet1 put 9 a multitude ( f9e :ite ?reads1 cross+ ! :ole "w 9 all directions1 z ! wet v>ni% br+s ! p5cil to a f9e po9t4 ,jasp] ,m>ble4--,put on a :ite gr\nd lightly t+$ ) blue2 !n put on pat*es ( ri* r$s or rose-p9k1 leav+ spaces ( ! :ite gr\nd2 !n p>tly cov] ^! spaces ) v>i\s br[ns to =m fossils1 9 places runn+ ve9s2 !n put 9 a few spots ( :ite 9 ! c5tre ( "s ( ! r$ pat*es1 & leav+1 9 places1 masses ne>ly :ite4 ,:5 dry use ! cle>e/ v>ni%4 ,blue & ,gold ,m>ble4--,= ! gr\nd color put on a light blue2 !n take blue1 ) a small piece ( :ite lead & "s d>k common blue1 & dab on ! gr\nd 9 pat*es1 leav+ portions ( ! gr\nd to %9e betwe52 !n bl5d ! edges toge!r ) a du/] or a s(t5]2 aft]w>ds draw on "s :ite ve9s 9 e direction1 leav+ l>ge op5 spaces to be fill$ up ) a pale yell[ or gold pa9t2 f9i% ) "s f9e :ite runn+ ?reads1 & a coat ( v>ni% at la/4 ,black & ,gold ,m>ble4--,?is description ( m>ble is v *a/e1 & is 9 great dem&4 ,! gr\nd is a deep black1 or a dead color1 9 gold size1 drop black & turp5t9e2 second coat1 black japan4 ,comm5ce ve9+2 mix :ite & yell[ o*re ) a small quantity ( v]milion to give a gold t+e2 dip ! p5cil 9 ?is color1 & dab on ! gr\nd ) great fre$om "s l>ge pat*es1 f :i* small ?reads mu/ be drawn 9 sev]al directions4 ,9 ! deepe/ "p ( ! black a :ite ve9 is sometimes se5 runn+ ) a numb] ( small ve9s atta*$ to x1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ^! ?reads are connect$ ) & run1 9 "s degree1 9 ! same direction ) ! ?ick] ve9s4 ,if durability is n an object1 & ! "w requir$ 9 a %ort "t1 x may be execut$ v quickly 9 di/emp] colors1 & :5 v>ni%$1 x w look well4 ,comp\nd ,colors4--,! foll[+ t9ts c be =m$ by mix+ ! colors z bel[4 ,! %ades c be made to suit any ta/e by ! ex]cise ( a little judgm5t 9 proportion+ ! colors3 ,cream4--,:ite lead1 yell[ & r$4 ,drab4--,:ite1 ,prussian blue & v]milion4 ,fawn4--,:ite1 /one o*re & v]milion4 ,fle%4--,lake1 :ite lead1 & a little v]milion4 ,grey1 ,pe>l--,:ite lead1 ,prussian blue1 & a v little black4 ,grey1 ,flaxse$4--,:ite lead1 ,prussian blue1 & a little lake4 ,gold4--,massicot1 or ,naples yell[1 ) a small quantity ( ,realg> & ,spani% :ite4 ,gre51 ,light will[4--,:ite1 mix$ ) v]digris4 ,gre51 ,grass4--,yell[ p9k ) v]digris4 ,gre51 ,pea4--,:ite lead & *rome or ,p>is gre54 ,gre51 ,d>k4--,black & *rome gre54 ,gre51 ,olive4--,prussian blue & ,fr5* yell[2 mix to ! t9ts requir$4 ,?is is a *eap & h&some color = outside "w1 su* z doors1 c>ts1 wagons1 railway c>s1 etc4 ,jonquil4--,yell[1 p9k & :ite lead4 ,?is color is only = di/emp]4 ,lead4--,prussian blue & :ite1 ) a light %ade ( :ite4 ,olive4--,= di/emp]1 use indigo & yell[ p9k mix$ ) :it+ or :ite lead p[d]4 ,olive4--,r$1 gre51 or black & yell[4 ,pe>l4--,:ite lead1 ,prussian blue & r$4 ,purple4--,d>k r$ mix$ ) violet4 ,purple4--,:ite1 ,prussian blue & v]milion4 ,r$1 ,d>k4--,engli% ,v5etian1 r$ lead & li?>ge4 ,r$1 ,light4--,v5etian r$1 & r$ lead 9 equal p>ts4 ,r$1 ,deep4--,v]milion1 ) a v small quantity ( r$ lead4 ,/one4--,:ite1 ) a little spruce o*re4 ,/raw4--,:ite lead & yell[4 ,snuff4--,yell[1 si5na & r$4 ,slate4--,:ite lead1 black1 r$ & blue4 ,/eel4--,c]use1 ,prussian blue1 f9e lac & v]milion4 ,salmon4--,:ite lead1 yell[ & r$4 ,walnut4--,tree color2 two-?irds :ite lead & "o-?ird r$ o*re1 yell[ o*re & umb]1 mix$ accord+ to ! %ade s\ght4 ,if ve9+ is requir$1 use diff]5t %ades ( ! same mixture4 7,see article on gra9+74 ,yell[1 ,light4--,fr5* yell[ & :ite lead4 ,a little r$ lead may be us$4 ,ano!r4--,fr5* yell[1 :ite & r$ lead4 ,ano!r4--,a mixture ( a small portion ( ,prussian blue1 ,fr5* yell[1 :ite lead & ,turkey umb] & burnt vitriol1 or li?>ge1 w produce diff]5t %ades ( yell[1 accord+ to ! prepond]ance ( "o ( ! above colors4 ,yell[4--,bright = floors1 :ite lead1 ,fr5* yell[1 *rome yell[ a little1 "s r$ lead & li?>ge2 mix ) equal p>ts ( boil$ oil & turp5t9e & use x ?94 ,yell[1 ,d>k4--,fr5* yell[ & a little r$4 ,yell[1 ,lemon4--,yell[ p9k1 ) ,naples yell[4 ,= di/emp] only4 ,,miscellane\s ,,receipts4 ,= ,iron4--,a good pa9t = pres]v+ iron expos$ to ! wea!r1 is made z foll[s3 ,pulv]iz$ oxides ( iron1 su* z yell[ & r$ iron o*res1 or br[n hematite iron ores1 f9ely gr\nd1 & simply mix$ ) l9se$ oil & a dry]4 ,:ite lead appli$ directly to iron is ?\ght to h a corrosive effect4 ,x may be appli$ ov] m durable colors4 ,r$ lead1 :5 pure1 is v durable4 ,an in/ance is record$ ( iron pa9t$ ) x hav+ be5 "u wat] = ne>ly #ej ye>s1 & _h n be5 affect$ by ru/4 ,%eet iron1 be=e be+ us$ = ro(s or o!r outside purposes1 %\ld be heat$ & dipp$ into hot l9se$ oil1 :i* w p5etrate into x4 ,t9n$ iron 9 ro(s has be5 f\nd to corrode quick] ?an 9 =m] ye>s1 ow+ to ! m g5]al use ( coal4 ,pa9t = ,ru/y ,iron4--,black ,japan v>ni%1 mix$ ) turp5t9e1 to make x ?9n] if necess>y1 is "o ( ! be/ prev5tatives2 b ! iron mu/ be dry :5 y put x on4 ,if y c w>m ! iron :5 pa9t+ x1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,if n suffici5tly opaque1 y may put 9 dry f9ely pulv]iz$ pa9t1 su* z lamp-black4 ,r$ lead1 ) l9se$ oil is also a good pa9t = ru/$ iron2 s are ! m9]al r$di%-br[ns :i* consi/ ( oxide ( iron2 !y become v h>d1 & are us$ = ! iron-"w ( ! elevat$ railroads 9 ?is city4 ,to ,pa9t on ,/ucco4--,great c>e is requir$ 9 pa9t+ ^u /ucco1 = ! "w mu/ n only be ?or\ghly dry1 b free f any liability ( dampness2 t is to say1 ! walls !mselves mu/ be dry4 ,x is1 consequ5tly1 usual to all[ ! /ucco to rema9 = sev]al mon?s be=e x is pa9t$2 & ?is is especially necess>y :5 x cov]s ov] a l>ge surface1 z 9 ! walls ( *ur*es1 *apels & !atres4 ,if ! pa9t be appli$ too soon1 ! "w w h a blot*$ appe>ance1 & be probably fill$ ) small vesicles1 =m$ dur+ ! evaporation ( ! wat]4 ,:5 ! "w is dry1 x may be prep>$ by cov]+ x ) a coat ( l9se$ oil1 boil$ ) dry]4 ,?is mu/ be laid on v c>efully1 or ! face w be irregul>4 ,! color may !n be appli$1 & f\r coats w n be too mu*1 ! "w be+ new4 ,p]sons are g5]ally s anxi\s to h _! build+s f9i%$1 t !y disreg>d ! future appe>ance ( ! "w1 & )9 a few weeks aft] ! application ( ! /ucco1 cov] x ) pa9t4 ,b x w\ld1 9 all cases1 be suffici5t to wa% ! surface ) di/emp]1 z x w\ld give a f9i%$ appe>ance to ! build+1 & make x less necess>y to hurry ! "w4 ,:5 ! "w is suffici5tly dry to receive ! oil-colors ! di/emp] color %\ld be remov$ by wa%+1 & :5 ! /ucco is dry apply ! oil-color4 ,! t9ts may be regulat$ by m+l+ diff]5t colors1 z 9 all o!r k9ds ( pa9t+4 ,pla/]$ walls %\ld n be pa9t$ until !y are ?or\ghly dry1 & all settl+ 9 a new h\se has tak5 place4 ,if pa9t$ too soon !y w bli/]4 ,unseason$ wood %\ld nev] be pa9t$1 z x /ops ! pores ( ! wood & ! sap acidulates1 caus+ dry rot4 ,greasy surfaces mu/ be wa%$ ) wat] mix$ ) lime or soda1 o!rwise ! pa9t w n adh]e to x4 ,mix+ ,quick ,dry+ ,pa9t4--,v5etian bl9ds %\ld be pa9t$ to dry dead1 !n v>ni%2 b few take ?is tr\ble4 ,mix ! pa9t z "u3 ,:ite lead1 boil$ oil1 & ! lea/ drop ( turps2 mix suffici5t ( ea* to =m a creamy mixture2 !n add ab\t #a oz4 pat5t dri] to ea* #a lb4 ( pa9t4 ,if y want ! pa9t d>k] use en\gh burnt umb] to give ! requir$ t9t4 ,if y want to v>ni%1 omit ! oil & use turps4 ,transp>5t ,pa9t = ,glass4--,take = blue pigm5t1 ,prussian blue2 = r$1 crimson lake2 = yell[1 ,indian yell[2 & = o!r %ades1 a mixture ( ! appropriate prim>y colors4 ,rub !m 9 a size made z foll[s3 ,v5ice turp5t9e1 #b p>ts2 spirits ( turp5t9e1 #a "p1 & apply ) a bru%4 ,! colors are mod]ately fa/ unless expos$ too long to direct sunlight4 ,a solution ( ! v>i\s anil9e dyes 9 %ellac v>ni% has also be5 recomm5d$4 ,gild+4--,gold leaf is ! only successful application4 ,fir/ put on a coat ( ,japan gold size1 & :5 t is 8tacky10 & ne>ly dry1 lay on ! gold-leaf & dab x ) a small tuft ( cotton-wool4 ,:]e y buy ! gold-leaf y c buy a gild]'s tool = apply+ x2 b 9 ord] to get a smoo? surface x mu/ 7:5 p]fectly dry7 be burni%$ ) an agate burni%]1 :i* y w also get at ! color-%op1 b y w n be able to burni% gold-leaf on ! b>e wood4 ,y c1 if y l1 v>ni% ) pale copal v>ni%4 ,gild+ on ,glass4--,glass lett]s are gilt ! same way z y w\ld a "n on a glass door4 ,y c easily get a good burni% if y take a little tr\ble4 ,get "s ( ! be/ cotton wool at a *emi/'s1 & well poli% ! gold ) x2 ! gold mu/ be ?or\ghly dry4 ,!n g ov] x ) y\r size boil+ hot2 d n t\* ! same place twice ) ! bru%1 or y w br+ ! gold up2 repeat ! process ?ree or f\r times1 be+ sure to h y\r gold dry ea* "t1 ! hott] ! size ! bright] w be ! burni%2 be c>eful1 h[ev]1 & n break ! glass ) ! heat4 ,gild+ ,fretwork1 etc4--,! fir/ ?+ to be done is to :it5 ! "w4 ,to d ?is scrape "s :it5+ v f9e1 place x 9 a pipk9 ) a lump ( gild]'s size1 & wat] suffici5t to make x ( ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream1 :5 heat$ ov] a fire2 !n1 ) a camel-hair p5cil1 pa9t x on ! object sev]al times1 all[+ ea* coat to dry be=e apply+ ! next4 ,:5 ! sev]al coat+s h rais$ x to ! ?ickness ( 941 set x aside = twelve or m h\rs1 to h>d52 :5 h>d5$1 smoo? ! surface ) v f9e s&pap] fir/1 & f9ally ) a piece ( cork2 :5 us+ ! cork frequ5tly dip x 9 wat]1 &1 :5 practicable1 use x 9 a circul> motion4 ,?us f> successful1 ! next ?+ is to lay on ! gold4 ,to gild1 !n1 dissolve "s gild]'s--n common size--9 wat]1 & heat1 & ) a full bru% lay x on ! surface ( ! object4 ,cut ! gold leaf1 on a pad ( buff lea!r1 ) a clean cut ( ! knife 7mu* easi] said ?an done2 p]sev]ance1 h[ev]1 ) ! co/ ( a book or two ( gold mutilat$1 & a l>ge am\nt ( pati5ce exhau/$1 w ov]come ! difficulty71 to ! size requir$2 take ^! up on a tip 7a r[ ( long hairs plac$ betwe5 two bits ( c>dbo>d7--! pr(essional way to d ?is is to /rike ! hair ( ! tip aga9/ ! gild]'s own :isk]s or hair--& g5tly lay !m on ! surface ( ! object1 tak+ c>e t ea* succe$+ piece slightly ov]laps ! prec$+4 ,:5 dry1 a small piece ( f9e sponge1 dipp$ 9 a weak solution ( size wat]1 %\ld be g5tly pass$ ov] x to give a uni=m appe>ance4 ,if ! bright gold requires to be dead5$1 deep ormolu %\ld be us$ 9 a simil> way aft] siz+4 ,! yell[ us$ = ! ungilt portions consi/s ( gild]'s yell[1 dissolv$ 9 size wat]1 & is put on ) a bru%4 ,pa9t+ on ,gild$ ,panels4--,!re is no prep>ation ne$$ to pa9t 9 oils on a gild$ panel4 ,no m$iums are requir$1 ! ord9>y oil colors be+ us$ unmix$4 ,if requir$ to dry flat & to rema9 s1 !y are mix$ ) turp5t9e & left unv>ni%$4 ,if ! %9y look ( oils is to be reta9$1 !y are slightly dilut$ ) boil$ oil1 & v>ni% ) :ite h>d v>ni% :5 dry4 ,gild+ on ,wood4--,to gild 9 oil1 ! wood1 aft] be+ prop]ly smoo!d1 is cov]$ ) a coat ( gold size1 made ( dry+ l9se$ oil mix$ ) yell[ o*re2 :5 ?is has become s dry z to adh]e to ! f+]s )\t soil+ !m1 ! gold leaf is laid on ) great c>e & dext]ity1 & press$ d[n ) cotton wool2 places t h be5 miss$ are cov]$ ) small pieces ( gold leaf1 & :5 ! :ole is dry1 ! ragg$ bits are rubb$ (f ) cotton4 ,?is is by f> ! easie/ mode ( gild+2 any o!r metallic leaves may be appli$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,pale leaf gold has a gre5i% yell[ color1 & is an alloy ( gold ) silv]4 ,dut* gold leaf is only copp] color$ ) ! fumes ( z9c2 be+ mu* *eap] ?an gold leaf1 is v useful :5 l>ge quantities ( gild+ are requir$ 9 places :]e x c be def5d$ by ! wea!r1 z x *anges color if expos$ to moi/ure1 & x %\ld be cov]$ ) v>ni%4 ,silv] leaf is prep>$ e way ! same z gold leaf2 b :5 appli$1 %\ld be kept well ) v>ni%1 o!rwise x is liable to t>ni%2 a transp>5t yell[ v>ni% w give x ! appe>ance ( gold4 ,:5ev] gold is fix$ by means ( l9se$ oil1 x w be> wa%+ (f1 :i* burni%$ gold w n4 ,to ,gild ,lett]s4--,:5 ! sign is prep>$ z smoo? z possible1 g ov] x ) a siz+ made by :ite ( an egg dissolv$ 9 ab\t f\r times its weight ( cold wat]2 add+ a small quantity ( full]'s e>?1 ?is to prev5t ! gold /ick+ to any "p b lett]s4 ,:5 dry1 set out ! lett]s & comm5ce writ+1 lay+ on ! size z ?9ly z possible1 ) a sable p5cil4 ,let x /& until y c h>dly feel a slight /ick9ess1 !n g to "w ) y\r gold leaf knife & cu%ion1 & gild ! lett]s4 ,take a leaf ^u ! po9t ( y\r knife1 aft] giv+ x a slight puff into ! back "p ( y\r cu%ion1 & spread x on ! front "p ( x z /raight z possible1 give x ano!r slight puff ) y\r m\? to flatt5 x out4 ,n[ cut x to ! prop] size1 cutt+ ) ! heel ( y\r knife =w>ds4 ,n[ rub ! tip ( ! knife lightly on y\r hair2 take up ! gold on ! po9t1 & place x neatly on ! lett]s2 :5 !y are all cov]$1 get "s v f9e cotton wool1 & g5tly rub ! gold until x is smoo? & bright4 ,!n wa% ! sign ) clean wat] to take (f ! egg size4 ,sign ,writ+ 9 ,colors1 ,etc4--,on an oak gr\nd ornam5tal lett]s1 9 ultra-m>9e blue1 fill$ 9 ) gold & silv] leaf1 block$ up & %ad$ ) burnt si5na4 ,ano!r4--,gold lett]s on a :ite m>ble gr\nd1 block$ up & %ad$ ) a transp>5t br[n or burnt si5na4 ,on glass4--,gold lett]s %ad$ ) burnt si5na4 ,ano!r4--,gold lett]s %ad$ ) black on a sc>let or *ocolate gr\nd4 ,on a ri* blue gr\nd %ad$ ) black1 look v well4 ,on a purple gr\nd1 p9k lett]s %ad$ ) :ite4 ,mix ultra-m>9e & v]milion = a gr\nd color1 :ite lett]s %ad$ ) grey4 ,v]milion gr\nd1 *rome yell[ /a9$ & v]milion & lake1 = ! lett]s %ad$ ) black4 ,a sub/itute = ! above colors3 ,rose-p9k & r$ lead2 & = ! lett]s /one yell[1 :ite lead & ,v5etian r$4 ,mix y\r colors = writ+ 9 boil$ oil1 & use = dry] gold size4 ,o!r good gr\nds = gold lett]s are1 blues1 v]milion1 lake & ,saxon4 ,:5 y\r sign is ready = gild+1 foll[ ! directions "u ! head 8,to ,gild ,lett]s on ,wood40 ,gild]'s ,size4--,dry+ or boil$ l9se$ oil1 ?ick5$ ) yell[ o*re1 or calc9$ r$ o*re1 & c>efully r$uc$ to ! utmo/ smoo?ness by gr9d+4 ,x is ?9n$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,/a9+ ,wood a ,dull ,black4--,! "w requir$ to be /a9$ %\ld be color$ ) drop-black & size4 ,:5 ?is is ?or\ghly set x %\ld be pap]$ (f & color$ aga91 & !n be pap]$ (f aga94 ,! poli% %\ld also be /a9$ ) drop black & a little indigo4 ,next poli% to a p]fect surface1 & let x set4 ,aft] ! wood has absorb$ all ! poli% possible1 poli% aga91 & dull x ) ! f+] dipp$ 9 f9e em]y2 a f9e metallic surface w ?us be obta9$4 ,/a9+ ,floors4--,! be/ & *eape/ & only p]man5t /a9 = floors is p]manganate ( pota%4 ,buy x by ! lb41 & at a :olesale *emi/'s2 mix ab\t oz4 9 a qu>t ( wat]4 ,apply freely & quickly to a dry floor ) ei!r clo? or bru%1 ! latt] if y c>e = /a9+ y\r h&4 ,repeat ! process = a v d>k oak color2 :5 dry1 oil ) burnt oil or beeswax & turp5t9e2 y _c wa% ?is color out4 ,b5son's /a9 is only p]manganate ( pota%4 ,at fir/ = a few mom5ts ! color is bright mag5ta1 b ?is at once *anges to a d>k p]man5t br[n4 ,= fifty c5ts a :ole h\se may be /a9$4 ,v>ni%+ ,wood4--,aft] smoo?+ wood ) v5e] scrap]1 bru% on ?ick coat ( %ellac v>ni%2 !n use f9e s&pap]1 ,no4 #j4 ,d ?is ?ree times = close gra9$ woods1 su* z black *]ry1 & f\r times = por\s wood1 su* z *e/nut4 ,h two di%es4 ,into "o put f9ely gr\nd pumice2 into ! o!r raw or boil$ oil4 ,apply a mixture ( ^! ) a piece ( hair-clo? or broad-clo?4 ,don't rub too h>d4 ,f9i% up ) rott5 /one1 :i* w remove pumice & oil4 ,above is a good dead v>ni%4 ,ano!r4--,take encau/ic wax1 heat1 & apply ) a cork2 rub 9 well1 bru% on ?9 coat %ellac v>ni%1 f9i% ) pumice & oil4 ,solv5t = ,old ,putty & ,pa9t4--,s(t soap mix$ ) a solution ( pota% or cau/ic soda1 or pe>la% & slak$ lime mix$ ) suffici5t wat] to =m a pa/e4 ,ei!r ( ^! laid on ) an old bru% or rag1 & left = "s h\rs1 w r5d] ! putty or pa9t easily removable4 ,ano!r4--,slack ?ree p\nds ( /one quicklime 9 wat]1 !n add "o p\nd ( pe>la%1 & make ! :ole ab\t ! consi/5ce ( pa9t4 ,apply x to bo? sides ( ! glass1 & let x rema9 = twelve h\rs1 :5 ! putty w be s s(t5$ t ! glass may be easily tak5 out ( ! frame4 ,ano!r4--,break ! putty up 9 lumps ! size ( a h5's egg1 add a small portion ( raw l9se$ oil1 & wat] suffici5t to cov] ! putty1 boil ?is 9 an iron vessel = ab\t t5 m9utes & /ir x :5 hot4 ,! oil w mix ) ! putty1 !n p\r ! wat] (f & x w be l fre% made4 ,= remov+ h>d putty f a w9d[ sa% take a piece ( squ>e iron1 make ! same r$ hot1 & run x along ! putty till x gets s(t4 ,! putty w peel (f )\t injur+ ! wood "w4 ,wa% = ,outside ,"w4--,= woodwork slake half a bu%el ( fre% lime1 by p\r+ ov] x boil+ wat] suffici5t to cov] x #d or #e in*es deep1 /irr+ x until slack$2 add #b lbs4 ( sulphate ( z9c 7:ite vitrol7 dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,add wat] en\gh to br+ all to ! consi/5cy ( ?ick :itewa%2 x may be color$ by add+ p[d]$ e!r1 ,indian r$1 umb]1 etc4 ,if lampblack is add$ to colors1 x %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly dissolv$ 9 alcohol4 ,! sulphate ( z9c causes ! wa% to become h>d 9 a few weeks4 ,ano!r = ,brick1 ,masonry1 & ,r\gh-ca/4 ,slake half a bu%el ( lime z be=e2 !n fill a b>rel full ( wat]1 & add a bu%el ( hydraulic cem5t4 ,add #c lbs4 ( sulphate ( z9c previ\sly dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,! :ole %\ld be ( ! ?ickness ( pa9t4 ,! wa% is improv$ by /irr+ 9 a peck ( :ite s&1 j be=e us+ x4 ,x c be color$ z be=e describ$4 ,fr5* ,poli%4--,coat ) "o or m coats ( %ellac & rub d[n smoo?2 make a rubb] by roll+ up a piece ( flannel ab\t #c or #d in*es wide until x is ab\t #a in*es 9 diamet]1 & tie x r\nd ) cord4 ,lay ! end ( ! rubb] on ! m\? ( a ?9 neck$ bottle & apply ! v>ni% to x1 hav+ previ\sly %ak5 up ! cont5ts 9 ! bottle2 !n enclose ! end ( ! rubb] ) a piece ( s(t l95 d\bl$1 & moi/5 ! face ( ! l95 ) a little raw l9se$ oil4 ,pass ! rubb] ) a quick1 light & circul> motion ov] ! surface until ! v>ni% becomes dry1 or ne>ly s1 & *>ge ! rubb] aga9 ) v>ni% until #c coats h be5 laid on1 :5 a little oil may be appli$ to ! rubb] & two m coats laid on4 ,9 ! f9i%+ coat wet ! inside ( ! clo? ) a little alcohol1 & rub quickly & lightly ov] ! :ole surface4 ,la/ly wet ! l95 clo? ) a little oil & alcohol )\t v>ni%1 & rub z be=e until dry4 ,! v>ni% is ! usual prep>ation ( %ellac4 ,see cab9et mak]'s v>ni%4 ,wood ,fill+ ,composition4--,boil$ l9se$ oil1 #a qt42 turp5t9e1 #c qts42 corn />*1 #e lbs42 ,japan1 #a qt42 calc9$ magnesia1 #b oz42 mix ?or\ghly4 ,ano!r4--,:it5+1 #f oz42 ,japan1 pt42 boil$ l9se$ oil1 pt42 turp5t9e1 pt42 corn />*1 #a oz42 mix well toge!r & apply to ! wood4 ,add color+ if requir$4 ,ano!r4--,l9se$ oil1 #a qt42 spirits ( turp5t9e1 pt42 lime1 ! size ( a base-ball1 brok5 f9e4 ,let ! mixture simm] on a /ove1 cov]$ ov]1 = two or ?ree h\rs1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh a co>se clo?4 ,x is to rema9 on #bd h\rs1 !n rub (f ) a wool5 clo? & poli%4 ,g]man ,fill+4--,fill ! pores ) raw tall[ & pla/] ( ,p>is well amalgamat$ be=e a fire 9 cold wea!r4 ,d>k51 if requir$1 ) any color+ to suit4 ,:5 well rubb$ 9 give a coat ( %ellac & ,fr5* poli% or v>ni%4 ,poli% = ,walnut ,wood4--,mix ) two p>ts ( good alcoholic %ellac v>ni%1 "o "p ( boil$ l9se$ oil1 %ake well1 & apply ) a pad =m$ ( wool5 clo?4 ,rub ! furniture briskly ) a little ( ! mixture until ! poli% appe>s4 ,rules ! ,pa9t] ,%\ld ,obs]ve4--,nev] eat or sleep )\t wa%+ ! h&s & face & r9s+ ! m\?4 ,keep ! buckets1 bru%es1 etc41 clean1 s t !y may be h&l$ )\t sme>+ ! h&s4 ,nev] sleep 9 a pa9t %op nor 9 a newly pa9t$ room4 ,nev] all[ pa9t to accumulate on ! clo?+ or f+] nails4 ,nev] wa% ! h&s 9 turp5t9e1 z x relaxes ! muscles & injures ! jo9ts2 any animal oil or ev5 l9se$ oil is bett]4 ,nev] dr9k wat] t has /ood any l5g? ( "t 9 a pa9t %op or newly pa9t$ room4 ,nev] use spiritu\s liquors z x unites ) ! m9]al salts & t5ds to h>d5 !m & causes inflammation ( ! p>ts :]e !y concrete4 ,milk1 sweet oil & ! l %\ld be us$ freely1 z !y t5d to s(t5 ! accumulat$ poisons & c>ry !m (f4 ,v9eg> & acid fruits us$ con/antly1 unite4 ,,pap]-,,hang+4 ,! art ( putt+ on1 or 8,hang+0 pap] is v simple1 & is easily le>n$2 b to make a ta/eful *oice ( pap] = v>i\s situations1 is n s easy1 h5ce ! foll[+ rem>ks1 :i* may be ( s]vice to ! workman or o!rs on :om ! selection ( pap] may devolve4 ,walls to a room %\ld be reg>d$ only 9 ! light ( a frame-"w to :at ! room conta9s1 & %\ld be decorat$ s z to br+ into prom95ce & n eclipse ! o!r p>ts ( ! *amb]4 ,no?+ de/roys ! effect ( a room s mu* z a h&some b />+ wall pap]1 or a wall s pr(usely ornam5t$ z to /rike ^u ! eye to ! exclusion ( ! re/ ( ! decorations1 ?us br++ =w>d :at %\ld be ! backgr\nd into ! mo/ conspicu\s place4 ,a mod]n draw+ room is always difficult to decorate arti/ically1 because ( ! ta/e ( its build]s = heavy cornices1 prom95t mantelpieces1 & rooms too l(ty = _! size2 & z all ^! misnam$ 8embelli%m5ts0 are too co/ly to remove by t5ants1 ! only plan to pursue is to de/roy _! effect by ex]cis+ bo? ta/e & +5uity4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to ! ceil+1 ! ornam5tal pla/] boss 9 its c5t] %\ld be remov$1 & ! ceil+ t9t$ a color t h>monizes ) ! wall pap]1 z no h>monies c be hop$ = :5 :at produces !m is surm\nt$ ) ! gl>+ :ite ( an ord9>y ceil+4 ,! t9t us$ mu/ be "o t s(t5s into ! wall pap]1 n "o t contra/s2 ?us1 if ! tone ( ! room is t ( a s(t grey blue1 ! ceil+ %\ld be a cle> fle% p9k2 or %\ld a grey gre pick$ out ) black be ! *os5 color1 !n x %\ld be color$ a subdu$ lemon4 ,"s p cov] _! ceil+s ) a :ole color$ pap]1 & bord] x ) a /5cill$ patt]n repres5t+ ! ?9 g>l&s s famili> ^u ,que5 ,anne decorations1 b ?is is a m tr\blesome plan ?an ! simple color+1 :i* answ]s all ! purpose4 ,! walls1 if !y are l(ty1 require a high dado4 ,^! high dados give a look ( com=t & 8home0 t is abs5t f ! mod]n high pit*$ room pap]$ ) "o uni=m patt]n4 ,! dado is divid$ #c feet to #d feet f ! ceil+1 & ! color+ ( ! l[] portion mu/ always be heavi] ?an t us$ on ! upp] or a top heavy look w be giv5 to ! room4 ,:5 _m pictures are to be hung up ! l[] "p ( ! dado %\ld be ( a :ole color1 ei!r a :ole color$ pap] or a pa9t$ wall1 z pictures are only %[n (f ^u su* a backgr\nd4 ,:]e a :ole t9t is us$ = ! l[] "p ( ! dado1 ! upp] portion %\ld be decorat$ ) a frieze pap] ( a good bold patt]n1 b ( subdu$ color+ & ( t9t t h>monizes ) ! l[]4 ,?us1 ! color us$ ab\t ! frieze %\ld be ! same z t on ! l[] "p1 b ( a light] %ade1 int]mix$ ) "s o!r colors t =m a h>moni\s l9k betwe5 ! two %ades4 ,contra/s mu/ be c>efully avoid$1 b pale p9ks1 blue & amb]s c be bl5d$ toge!r above a subdu$ grey blue gr\nd4 ,! two portions ( ! dado %\ld be jo9$ toge!r ) a light wood5 7black or br[n7 rail+1 or ) a l9e ( pa9t4 ,! dado decoration c be alt]$ by plac+ ! patt]n pap] ^u ! l[] "p & leav+ ! upp] pla9-color$ ) or )\t a /5cill$ patt]n ^u x4 ,?is w suit a room :]e n _m pictures are requir$1 or t is already r d>k4 ,"s "p ( ! wall %\ld always be 9 pla9 color1 z ! eye requires re/2 & no patt]n1 h[ev] subdu$ 9 hue1 c give ! relief to ! m9d t a bit ( pla9 color+ af=ds1 & ?is sc>city ( ornam5t 9 "o "p ( a room is amply repaid by ! effect x gives to su* p>ts z are bright & %\ld be bright4 ,! true !ory ( effect is to use b "o or two bright colors 9 a room1 & to surr\nd !m by s(t & subdu$ t9ts t ?r[ up & d n de/roy _! brilliancy2 a numb] ( bright colors plac$ toge!r de/roy ea* o!r1 & leave no impression ^u ! m9d b gl>e & vulg>ity4 ,hav+ settl$ ^u y\r pap] & ceil+1 h ! woodwork & cornice ( ! room pa9t$ ei!r a %ade light] or d>k] ?an ! walls1 & %r\d up ! mantelpiece ) curta9s1 etc41 ( sat9 %eet+ embroid]$ ) crewels1 & in/ead ( ! usual look+ glass ov] ! fire-place1 h a mirror surr\nd$ ) brackets hold+ *9a2 or h a black wood5 mantelpiece made ) squ>es ( look+ glass set 94 ,! back-gr\nd ( y\r room be+ ?us complet$ 9 a mann] really to be a back-gr\nd1 y\r furniture w look twice z well z if x 7 />$ out ( c\nt5ance by ! walls1 & "o ne$ h>dly add t all y\r fri5ds w delight 9 a room t ?r[s up & br+s out _! dresses & faces1 in/ead ( kill+ !m by its gl>+ t9ts4 ,op]ations4--,to prep>e ! walls1 make a size ( glue & wat]1 !n give ! walls a coat ( a v weak solution ( ! same4 ,to make a pa/e1 take two p\nds ( f9e fl\r1 put 9 a pail2 add cold wat]1 & /ir x up toge!r 9 a ?ick pa/e4 ,take a piece ( alum ab\t ! size ( a small *e/nut1 p\nd x f9e & ?r[ x into ! pa/e2 mix well4 ,!n provide ab\t six qu>ts ( boil+ wat] & mix :ile hot ) ! pa/e until ! :ole is br\ght to a prop] consi/5cy4 ,?is makes an excell5t pa/e1 & fit = use :5 cold4 ,clean+ ,pap]-,hang+s4--,a v good me?od to clean pap]-hang+s is t us$ (t5times 9 clean+ ! m>g9s ( pr9ts4 ,cut into eight pieces a qu>t]n loaf two days old1 & aft] hav+ swept all ! du/ f ! pap]-hang+s1 comm5ce f ! ceil+ d[nw>d1 & some:at lightly rub ! pap] ) a d[nw>d /roke ) "o ( ! pieces ( bread4 ,cont9ue ?is r\nd ! room1 & !n comm5ce l[] d[n 9 ! same way till ! :ole ( ! surface ( ! pap] has be5 gone ov]4 ,! bread w f "t to "t get dirty1 & x %\ld be cut (f z (t5 z requir$4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to rub ! pap] ) a cross or horizontal /roke1 only ) ! p]p5dicul> movem5t ( ! h& or ! pap] may peel (f ! walls f ! jo9ts4 ,) c>eful manipulation1 pap] w look almo/ z good z new4 ,v>ni%+ ,pap]-hang+s4--,:5 pap]s are hung 9 places :]e !re is mu* pass+1 !y are subject to great] we> ?an 9 an ord9>y room1 & v>ni%+ is resort$ to1 to make !m m durable1 z x prev5ts soil+2 !y may also be clean$ ) a damp clo?1 & are n 9 we> s likely to be damag$ by rubb+ (f ! wall4 ,halls1 lobbies1 /aircases1 & (fices are sometimes v>ni%$ = durability1 b z a rule ! appe>ance is n improv$4 ,! pap] mu/ be siz$ twice1 ! fir/ be+ dry be=e ! next is appli$1 :5 ! v>ni% is laid ev5ly on4 ,x is necess>y to size ! pap] twice1 z ! fir/ "t may n effectually cov] x1 :5 ! v>ni% w\ld /a9 ! pap] z badly z if oil _h be5 appli$4 ,! size necess>y = siz+ ! pap] be=e v>ni%+ %\ld be clean & transp>5t4 ,p>*m5t cutt+s boil$ d[n 9 wat] & /ra9$ w make excell5t size = ?is purpose4 ,be=e x is cold x %\ld be ei!r /ra9$ ?r\gh calico1 or p\r$ (f1 leav+ ! bits at ! bottom4 ,a pat5t size is sold = ?is purpose1 b p>*m5t size is ! mo/ reliable4 ,use clean bru%es = size & v>ni%4 ,a ,pa/e t w ,keep ,well4--,a correspond5t writes to a j\rnal ?is =mula = a non-poison\s pa/e t w keep well 9 hot wea!r3 ,:eat fl\r1 #a ounce2 p[d]$ alum1 dra*m2 wat]1 suffici5t1 or #h ounces2 oil ( clove1 or w9t]gre51 #c or #d drops4 ,rub ! fl\r & ! alum ) ! wat] to ! consi/5cy ( milk2 place ?is ov] a mod]ate fire1 & /ir con/antly1 until ! pa/e drops f ! wood5 paddle 9 jelly-l flakes1 & has ! appe>ance ( glyc]ite ( />*4 ,:ile ! mass is /ill hot1 add ! ess5tial oil1 & p\r ! pa/e into an e>!nw>e pot or op5 j>4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ab\t an h\r a cru/ =ms on ! top2 p\r g5tly on ?is an in* ( wat]1 m or less4 ,:5 "s pa/e is want$1 decant ! wat]1 take out ! quantity ne$$1 & put "s wat] aga9 on ! rema9d]1 repeat+ ! op]ation ea* "t4 ,pa/e may be kept 9 ?is way = mon?s1 & w nev] be tr\bl$ ) flies4 ,,useful ,,h9ts ,,= ,,e/imat+ ,,co/ ,,( ,,"w ,,& ,,mat]ials4 ,all surface pa9t+ is measur$ by ! sup]ficial y>d1 girt+ e "p ( ! "w cov]$1 always mak+ all[ance = ! deep cutt+s 9 m\ld+s1 c>v$ "w1 rail+s or o!r "w t is difficult to get at4 ,:]e "w is v high & scaffold+ or ladd]s h to be employ$1 all[ances mu/ be made4 ,! foll[+ rules are g5]ally adopt$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! measurem5t ( "w4 ,surfaces "u six in*es 9 wid? or girt are call$ #f in*es2 f six to #ab in*es1 #ab in*es2 ov] #ab in*es measur$ sup]ficial4 ,op5+s are d$uct$1 b all jambs1 reveals or cas+s are measur$ girt4 ,sa%es are measur$ solid if m ?an two lights4 ,doors1 %utt]s & panel+ are measur$ by ! girt1 runn+ ! tape 9 all quirks1 angles or corn]s4 ,sa% doors measure solid4 ,glaz+ 9 bo? w9d[s & doors is always extra4 ,! tape %\ld be run close 9 ov] ! batt5s1 on batt5 doors1 & if ! /uff is bead$1 add "o in* 9 wid? = ea* bead4 ,v5etian bl9ds are measur$ d\ble4 ,d5tels1 brackets1 m$allions1 ornam5t$ iron "w1 balu/]s1 lattice "w1 pal+s or turn$ "w %\ld all be measur$ d\ble4 ,*ang+ colors on base bo>ds1 panels1 cornices1 or o!r "w1 "o-f\r? extra measurem5t %\ld be all[$ = ea* t9t4 ,add five p] c5t4 to regul> price = knott+1 putty+1 clean+ & s&-pap]+4 ,= "w done above ! gr\nd floor *>ge z foll[s3 ,add five p] c5t4 = ea* /ory ( #ab feet or less1 if int]ior "w2 if ext]ior "w1 add "o p] c5t4 = ea* foot ( height above ! fir/ #ab feet4 ,x is impossible to give prices = pa9t+ t w be reliable 9 any "o section ( ?is c\ntry = m ?an a mon?1 z ! co/ ( mat]ials & labor is cont9ually v>y+1 b we (f] ! foll[+ h9ts1 :i* may assi/ ! workman to make a fairly j e/imate ( "w3 ,= pla9 colors on wood-- ,fir/ coat1 p] y>d1 -- #b coats1 add 0 #d-e #c coats1 0 0 #a ,n[1 by ?is rule1 if ! fir/ coat 0 #aj c5ts1 two coats w\ld be #ah c5ts1 & ?ree coats w\ld be #be c5ts4 ,?is is a simple me?od & easily und]/ood1 & is adapt$ to any sort ( pla9 pa9t+ or gra9+4 ,gra9+1 ) "o or two coats ( good v>ni%1 is wor?1 at ?is writ+1 f #fe c5ts to #b4jj p] y>d1 & m>bl+ f #a4ej to #b4ge p] y>d4 ,m>bl+ mantels is wor? f #e4jj to #bj4jj1 accord+ to /yle ( m>ble & beauty ( f9i%4 ,all ( ! above prices are bas$ on ! und]/&+ t ! workman furni%es all tools & mat]ials4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,miss+ & incorrect punctuation has be5 fix$4 ,due to space re/rictions1 ! data orig9ally 9 a rem>ks column 9 ! table has be5 re/ructur$ into footnotes 9 ! text v]sion4 ,page #h3 89 cold :e!r0 *ang$ to 89 cold wea!r0 ,page #bi3 ,! #b s5t5ces beg9n+ ) 8,! mat]ials & tools us$0 are miss+ words 9 ?is & lat] editions & h be5 left z p] ! orig9al4 ,page #eb3 8woll5 clo?0 *ang$ to 8wool5 clo?0 ,page #ed3 ,! s5t5ce beg9n+ ) 8,! t9t us$0 has an incomplete ^w 9 ?is & lat] editions & has be5 left z p] ! orig9al4