---------------------------------------- -------- ,note3 surr\nd+ text indicates bold2 surr\nd+ text indicates italics4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ca4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,pa9t$ ,,spur-,,f[l,,gallop]dix ,,lunulosa 7"o half ,nat4 size7 ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,( ,,birds4 ,,f ,,! ,,text ,,( ,,dr4 ,,brehm4 ,,by ,,?omas ,,rym] ,,jones1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,anatomy ,,9 ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,london4 ,,) ,,upw>ds ,,( ,f\r ,hundr$ ,engrav+s1 & a ,s]ies ( ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,,9 ,,f\r ,,volumes4 ,,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp91 ,,london1 ,,p>is1 ,,& ,,new ,,york4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,! ,,/ilt-,,walk]s 7,grallatores74 ,,! ,,bu/>ds 7,otides73--,! ,great ,bu/>d--,! ,little ,bu/>d--,! ,h\b>as--,! ,indian ,h\b>a--,! ,african ,ruffl$ ,bu/>d--,! ,florik9 #a-i ,,! ,,c\rs]s 7,ta*ydromi73--,! ,cream-col\r$ ,c\rs]--,! ,tro*ilus1 or ,crocodile ,wat*]--,! ,prat9coles1 or ,swall[-w+$ ,wad]s--,! ,coll>$ ,prat9cole #i-ad ,,! ,,?ick-,,knees 7dicnemi73--,! ,common ,?ick-knee1 or ,/one ,curlew #ad1 #ae ,,! ,,plov]s 7,*>adrii73--,! ,gold5 ,plov]--,! ,r+$ ,plov]--,! ,dott$ ,plov]s--,! ,dott$ ,plov]1 or ,dott]el--,! ,%ore ,plov]s--,! ,little ,%ore ,plov]1 or ,little ,r+$ ,plov]--,! ,lapw+s1 or ,peewits--,! ,peewit1 or ,lapw+--,! ,spur-w+$ ,lapw+--,! ,lappet$ ,peewit--,! ,turn/one--,! ,pi$ ,oy/]-cat*]1 or ,sea ,pie #ae-bi ,,! ,,snipes 7,limicol73--,! ,true ,snipes--,! ,woodcock--,! ,m>% ,snipes--,! ,common ,snipe--,! ,moor ,snipes--,! ,jack ,snipe #bi-ce ,,! ,,s&pip]s 7,tr+73--,! ,curlew ,s&pip]s--,! ,pigmy ,curlew ,s&pip]--,! ,s&]l+--,! ,mud ,s&pip]--,! ,dw>f ,s&pip]--,! ,ruff #ce-db ,,! ,,phal>opes 7,phal>opi73--,! ,hyp]borean ,phal>ope--,! ,r$ ,phal>ope #db-dd ,,! ,,long%anks 7,totani7 #dd1 #de ,,! ,,true ,,s&pip]s 7,actitis73--,! ,common ,s&pip]--,! ,gre5%ank #de-dg ,,! ,,godwits 7,limosa73--,! ,r$ or ,b>-tail$ ,godwit--,! ,black-w+$ ,/ilt #dg-ej ,,! ,,scoop+ ,,avocets 7,recurviro/r73--,! ,scoop+ ,avocet #ej1 #ea ,,! ,,curlews 7,num5ii73--,! ,great ,curlew1 or ,:aap--,! ,h>d-bill$ ,wad]s--,! ,ibises--,! ,falc9els--,! ,glossy ,ibis--,! ,sc>let ,ibis--,! ,:ite1 ,egyptian1 or ,sacr$ ,ibis #ea-eh ,,! ,,spoonbills 7,platale73--,! ,common ,spoonbill4 ,! ,,boat-,,bills 7,cancromata73--,! ,:ale-head$ ,/ork1 or ,%oe-beak--,! ,savaku1 or ,boat-bill--,! ,hamm]-head1 or ,%ad[ ,bird #eh-fc ,,! ,,/orks 7,ciconi73--,! ,tantali--,! ,ibis-l ,tantalus--,! ,true ,/orks--,! ,:ite or ,h\se ,/ork--,! ,simbil--,! ,s5egal ,jabiru--,! ,jabiru #fc-gd ,,! ,,adjutants1 ,,argalas1 ,,or ,,m>ab\s 7,leptoptilos7 ,! ,african ,m>ab\--,! ,indian ,adjutant1 or ,argala #gd1 #ge ,,! ,,clapp]-,,bill$ ,,/orks1 ,,or ,,%ell-,,eat]s 7,ana/omus73--,! ,african ,clapp]-bill1 or ,%ell-eat] #ge1gf ,,! ,,h]ons 7,arde73--,! ,common ,h]on--,! ,giant ,h]on4 ,! ,,:ite ,,h]ons 7,h]odias73--,! ,great ,:ite ,h]on--,! ,less] ,egret--,! ,cattle ,h]on--,! ,night ,h]on #gf-hc ,,! ,,bitt]ns 7,ardetta73--,! ,little ,bitt]n--,! ,common ,bitt]n--,! ,sun ,bitt]n1 or ,peacock ,h]on #hc-hg ,,! ,,m>%-,,wad]s 7,paludicol74 ,! ,,cranes 7,grues73--,! ,common ,crane--,! ,demoiselle1 or ,numidian ,crane4 ,! ,,african ,,cr[n$ ,,cranes 7,bale>ica73--,! ,cr[n$ ,african or ,peacock ,crane4 ,! ,,field ,,/orks 7,arvicol74 ,! ,,snake ,,cranes 7,di*olophus73--,! ,brazilian ,c>iama1 or ,cre/$ ,scream] #hg-id ,,! ,,trumpet]s 7,psophia73--,! ,agami1 or ,gold-brea/$ ,trumpet]4 ,! ,,scream]s 7,palam$e73--,! ,aniuma1 or ,horn$ ,scream]--,! ,*auna1 or ,ts*aja #id-ih ,,! ,,rails 7,ralli74 ,! ,,snipe ,,rails 7,rhyn*a73--,! ,gold5 ,rail1 or ,pa9t$ ,cape ,snipe--,! ,wat] ,rail--,! ,,aramides 7,aramides73--,! ,s]rakura--,! ,l& ,rail1 or ,corn ,crake4 ,! ,,jacanas 7,p>r73--,! ,*ilian ,jacana--,! ,*9ese ,jacana #ih-ajc ,,! ,,wat]-,,h5s 7,gall9ul74 ,! ,,gall9ules 7,porphyrio73--,! ,hyac9?9e ,porphyrio--,! ,purple ,gall9ule4 ,! ,,wat]-,,h5s 7,/agnicola73--,! ,common ,gall9ule1 or ,moor-h5 #ajc-aaj ,,! ,,coots 7,fulica73--,! ,common ,coot--,! ,f9foots--,! ,sur9am ,f9foot1 or ,picap>e #aaj-aac ,,! ,,swimm]s 7,natatores74 ,,! ,,sieve ,,beaks 7,lamelliro/res74 ,! ,,flam+oes 7,phnicopt]i74 ,! ,,swans 7,cygni73--,! ,mute ,swan--,! ,:i/l+ ,swan--,bewick's ,swan--,! ,black-neck$ ,swan--,! ,black ,swan #aad-abi ,,! ,,geese 7,ans]es73--,! ,spur-w+$ ,goose--,! ,grey1 or ,wild ,goose--,! ,canada ,goose--,! ,sn[ ,goose4 ,! ,,sea ,,geese 7,b]nicla73--,! ,br5t ,goose4 ,! ,,foxy ,,geese 7,*5alopex73--,! ,nile ,goose4 ,! ,,dw>f ,,geese 7,nettapus73--,! ,:ite-bodi$ ,goose ,teal--,! ,c]eopsis ,goose #abi-adc ,,! ,,ducks 7,anates73--,! ,ruddy ,%eldrake1 or ,brahm9y ,duck4 ,! ,,%eldrakes 7,vulpans]73--,! ,common ,%eldrake4 ,! ,,tree ,,ducks 7,d5drocygna73--,! ,wid[ ,duck--,! ,wild ,duck--,! ,wood or ,summ] ,duck--,! ,*9ese ,teal1 or ,m&>9 ,duck--,! ,%ovel] ,duck--,! ,musk ,duck4 ,! ,,div+ ,,ducks 7,fuligul74 ,! ,,eid] ,,ducks 7,somat]ia73--,! ,true ,eid] ,duck1 or ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,duck--,! ,k+ ,eid]4 ,! ,,we/]n or ,,/ell]',s ,,eid] ,,duck 7,somat]ia or ,h5iconetta ,/ell]ii74 ,! ,,scot]s 7,oidemia73--,! ,velvet ,scot]4 ,! ,,f5 ,,ducks 7,ay?ya73--,! ,r$-head$ ,duck1 ,dunbird1 or ,po*>d4 ,! ,,p9-,,tail$ ,,ducks 7,erismatura73--,! ,:ite-head$ ,p9-tail$ ,duck #adc-agj ,,! ,,m]gans]s1 or ,,goos&]s 7,m]gi73--,! ,:ite-head$ ,goos&]--,! ,gre5-head$ ,goos&] #agj-agd ,,! ,,sea-,,fli]s 7,longip5nes74 ,,! ,,t]ns1 or ,,sea ,,swall[s 7,/]n74 ,! ,,rapaci\s ,,t]ns 7,sylo*elidon73--,! ,caspian ,t]n4 ,! ,,riv] ,,t]ns 7,/]na73--,! ,common ,t]n--,! ,less] ,t]n4 ,! ,,wat] ,,swall[s 7,hydro*elidon73--,! ,black ,m>% ,t]n--,! ,:ite-w+$ ,t]n--,! ,:ite be>d$ ,t]n--,! ,:ite or ,silky ,t]n--,! ,noddy #age-ahe ,,! ,,scissor-,,bills 7,rhyn*opes73--,! ,indian ,scissor-bill #ahe1 #ahf ,,! ,,gulls 7,l>i73--,! ,fi%+ ,gulls--,! ,great ,black-back$ ,gulls--,! ,less] ,black-back$ or ,yell[-legg$ ,gull--,! ,h]r+ ,gull--,! ,l>ge or ,glauc\s ,:ite-w+$ ,gull--,! ,less] ,:ite-w+$ ,gull4 ,! ,,ice ,,gulls 7,pagophila73--,! ,ivory ,gull #ahf-aid ,,! ,,kittiwakes 7,rissa74 ,! ,,black-,,head$ ,,gulls 7,*roicocephalus73--,! ,laugh+ ,gull--,! ,great ,black-head$ ,gull--,! ,less] ,black-head$ ,gull--,! ,little ,gull #aid-aih ,,! ,,skuas 7,le/res73--,! ,common ,skua--,buffon's or ! ,p>asite ,skua--,ross's ,rosy ,gull #aih-bjc ,,! ,,petrels1 or ,,/orm ,,birds 7,procell>id74--,! ,,albatrosses 7,diom$73--,! ,w&]+ ,albatross--,! ,yell[-bill$ ,albatross--,! ,sooty ,albatross4 ,! ,,true ,,petrels 7,procell>i73--,! ,giant ,petrel--,! ,fulm> ,petrel--,! ,cape ,petrel--,! ,broad-bill$ ,prion1 or ,duck ,petrel4 ,! ,,/orm ,,petrels 7,oceanides73--,! ,common ,/orm ,petrel--,lea*'s ,/orm ,petrel #bjc-bag ,,! ,,puff9s 7,puff9i73--,! ,manx ,puff91 or ,%e>wat] #bag1 #bah ,,! ,,o>-,,foot$ ,,sea-,,fli]s 7,/eganopodes74 ,,! ,,tropic ,,birds 7,phaton73--,! ,:ite-tail$ ,tropic ,bird4 ,! ,r$-tail$ ,tropic ,bird4 ,! ,,gannets 7,sula73--,! ,common ,gannet--,! ,frigate ,bird #bai-bbg ,,! ,,cormorants 7,haliei74 ,! ,,d>t]s1 or ,,snake-,,necks 7,plotus73--,! ,anh+a--,le ,vaillant's ,snake ,bird--,! ,common ,cormorant #bbg-bce ,,! ,,pelicans 7,pelecani73--,! ,:ite ,pelican--,! ,great ,tuft$ or ,dalmatian ,pelican #bce-bci ,,! ,,div]s 7,ur9atores74 ,,! ,,grebes 7,podicipites73--,! ,cre/$ ,grebe--,! ,little ,grebe4 ,! ,,div]s 7,colymbi73--,! ,great ,nor!rn ,div]--,! ,black-?roat$ ,div]--,! ,r$-?roat$ ,div]4 ,! ,,loons 7,uri73 ,! ,gre5l& ,dove1 or ,black ,guillemot4 ,! ,,true ,,guillemots 7,uria73 ,! ,common or ,fooli% ,guillemot--,! ,little ,auk or ,guillemot #bdj-bee ,,! ,,/>ikis 7,phal]es73--,! ,/>iki4 ,! ,,auks 7,alc73--,! ,razor-bill--,! ,great ,auk--,! ,c\lt]neb1 or ,arctic ,puff9 #bee-bfd ,,! ,,p5gu9s 7,apt5odytes73--,! ,k+ ,p5gu94 ,! ,,true ,,p5gu9s 7,sph5iscus73--,! ,spectacl$1 or ,cape ,p5gu94 ,! ,,leap+ ,,p5gu9s 7,eudypetes73--,! ,gold5 or ,cre/$ ,p5gu9 #bfe-bfh ,illu/ration ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,col\r$ ,,plates4 ,,plate ,,xxxi4--,,pa9t$ ,,spur ,,f[l 7,gallop]dix lunulosa74 ,,xxxii4--,,! ,,h\b>a 7,otis ,macqu5ii74 ,,xxxiii4--,,! ,,lapw+ 7,vanellus cri/atus74 ,,xxxiv4--,,squacco ,,h]on 7,buphus ,comata74 ,,xxxv4--,,*9ese ,,jacana 7,hydrophasianus ,s95sis74 ,,xxxvi4--,,ruddy ,,%eldrake 7,cas>ca rutila74 ,,xxxvii4--,,m&>9 ,,duck 7,aix gal]iculata74 ,,xxxviii4--,,t]n 7,/]na ,hirundo74 ,,xxxix4--,,great ,,nor!rn ,,div] 7,colymbus glacialis74 ,,xl4--,,puff9 7,frat]cula ,arctica74 ,,wood ,,engrav+s4 ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,bu/>ds 7,otis t>da7 #d #b4 ,! ,little ,bu/>d 7,otis tetrax1 or ,tetrax campe/ris7 #e #c4 ,! ,tro*ilus1 or ,crocodile ,wat*] 7,hyas gyptiacus7 #i #d4 ,! ,coll>$ ,prat9cole 7,gl>eola prat9cola7 #ab #e4 ,! ,common ,?ick-knee1 or ,/one ,curlew 7dicnemus crepitans7 #ac #f4 ,! ,gold5 ,plov] 7,*>adrius auratus71 & ! ,dott]el 7,eudromias ,mor9ellus7 #ag #g4 ,! ,lapw+1 or ,peewit 7,vanellus cri/atus7 #ba #h4 ,! ,spur-w+$ ,lapw+ 7,hoplopt]us sp9osus7 #bd #i4 ,! ,turn/one 7,/repsilas int]pres7 #be #aj4 ,! ,pi$ ,oy/]-cat*]1 or ,sea ,pie 7,hmatopus o/ralegus7 #bh #aa4 ,! ,woodcock 7,scolopax ru/icola7 #cb #ab4 ,! ,s&]l+ 7,calidris ar5>ia7 #cg #ac4 ,! ,ruff 7,philoma*us pugnax7 #dj #ad4 ,ruffs ,fight+ #da #ae4 ,! ,scoop+ ,avocet 7,recurviro/ra avocetta7 #eb #af4 ,! ,great ,curlew 7,num5ius arquatus7 #ec #ag4 ,! ,:ite or ,sacr$ ,ibis 7,?reskiornis religiosa7 #eg #ah4 ,! ,spoonbill 7,platalea leucorodia7 #fj #ai4 ,! ,:ale-head$ ,/ork1 or ,%oe-beak 7,balniceps rex7 #fa #bj4 ,! ,savaku1 or ,boat-bill 7,cancroma co*le>ia7 #fd #ba4 ,! ,hamm]-head1 or ,%ad[-bird 7,scopus umbretta7 #fe #bb4 ,! ,ibis-l ,tantalus 7,tantalus ibis7 #ff #bc4 ,adjutants #fh #bd4 ,! ,simbil 7,sp5orhyn*us ,abdimii7 #fi #be4 ,! ,s5egal ,jabiru 7,myct]ia ,s5egal5sis7 #gb #bf4 ,! ,m>ab\ 7,leptoptilos crum5if]7 #gc #bg4 ,! ,african ,clapp]-bill 7,ana/omus lamellig]us7 #gf #bh4 ,gr\p ( ,h]ons #gg #bi4 ,! ,giant ,h]on 7,ardea ,golia?7 #gi #cj4 ,! ,great ,:ite ,h]on 7,h]odias alba7 #hj #ca4 ,! ,less] ,egret 7,h]odias g>zetta7 #ha #cb4 ,day & ,night ,h]ons #hd #cc4 ,! ,common ,bitt]n 7,botaurus /ell>is7 #he #cd4 ,! ,sun ,bitt]n1 or ,peacock ,h]on 7,eurypyga helias7 #hh #ce4 ,cr[n$1 ,demoiselle1 & ,common ,cranes #ib #cf4 ,! ,c>iama1 or ,cre/$ ,scream] 7,di*olophus cri/atus7 #ic #cg4 ,! ,gold-brea/$ ,trumpet] 7,psophia crepitans7 #if #ch4 ,! ,aniuma1 or ,horn$ ,scream] 7,palam$ea cornuta7 #ig #ci4 ,! ,gold5 ,rail1 or ,pa9t$ ,cape ,snipe 7,rhyn*a ,cap5sis7 #ajj #dj4 ,! ,jacana 7,p>ra ,jacana7 #ajd #da4 ,! ,hyac9?9e ,porphyrio 7,porphyrio hyac9?9us7 #ajh #db4 ,home ( ! ,moor-h5s 7,gall9ula *loropus7 #aji #dc4 ,! ,/ilt ,bird 7,*>adrius himantopus7 #aac #dd4 ,! ,flam+o 7,phnicopt]us roseus7 #aaf #de4 ,! ,:i/l+ ,swan 7,cygnus musicus7 #abd #df4 ,black-neck$ ,swans 7,cygnus nigricollis7 #abh #dg4 ,! ,black ,swan 7,cygnus or ,*5opsis atratus7 #abi #dh4 ,! ,spur-w+$ ,goose 7,plectropt]us ,gamb5sis7 #acb #di4 ,! ,grey or ,wild ,goose 7,ans] c9]eus7 #acc #ej4 ,! ,br5t ,goose 7,b]nicla torquata7 #acg #ea4 ,! ,nile ,goose 7,*5alopex gyptiacus7 #adj #eb4 ,c]eopsis ,geese #ada #ec4 ,! ,ruddy ,%eldrake1 or ,brahm9y ,duck 7,cas>ca rutila7 #add #ed4 ,! ,%eldrake 7,vulpans] tadorna7 #ade #ee4 ,! ,wid[ ,duck 7,d5drocygna viduata7 #adi #ef4 ,! ,wild ,duck 7,anas bos*as7 #aeb #eg4 ,! ,wood or ,summ] ,duck 7,aix sponsa7 #aec #eh4 ,! ,%ovel] ,duck 7,spatula clypeata7 #aeg #ei4 ,eid] ,ducks at ,home #afa #fj4 ,! ,eid] ,ducks 7,somat]ia mollissima7 #afd #fa4 ,! ,gre5-head$ ,goos&] 7,m]gus m]gans]7 #agc #fb4 ,! ,caspian ,t]n 7,sylo*elidon ,caspia7 #agg #fc4 ,t]ns & _! ,ne/s #ahj #fd4 ,black-back$ & ,h]r+ ,gulls #ahi #fe4 ,! ,laugh+ ,gull 7,*roicocephalus ridibundus7 #aif #ff4 ,! ,common ,skua 7,le/ris cat>ractes7 #bjj #fg4 ,! ,rosy ,gull 7,rhodo/e?ia rosea7 #bjd #fh4 ,! ,w&]+ ,albatross 7,diom$ea exulans7 #bje #fi4 ,! ,giant ,petrel 7,procell>ia or ,ossifragus gigantea7 #bjh #gj4 ,! ,fulm> ,petrel 7,procell>ia glacialis7 #bji #ga4 ,! ,cape ,petrel 7,procell>ia or ,daption ,cap5sis7 #bab #gb4 ,/orm ,petrels #bac #gc4 ,! ,/orm ,petrel 7,?alassidroma pelagica7 #baf #gd4 ,! ,:ite-tail$ ,tropic ,bird 7,phaton !reus7 #bba #ge4 ,! ,frigate ,bird 7,ta*ypetes aquila7 #bbe #gf4 ,le ,vaillant's ,snake ,bird1 or ,d>t] 7,plotus ,levaillantii7 #bbi #gg4 ,! ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax c>bo7 #bcc #gh4 ,! ,pelican 7,pelecanus onocrotalus7 #bcg #gi4 ,! ,cre/$ ,grebe 7,podiceps cri/atus7 #bdd #hj4 ,! ,common or ,fooli% ,guillemot 7,uria troile7 #bec #ha4 ,an ,assemblage ( ,auks #bef #hb4 ,! ,great ,auk1 or ,giant ,p5gu9 7,alca p+u9us7 #beg #hc4 ,giant ,p5gu9s #bfj #hd4 ,! ,c\lt]neb1 or ,arctic ,puff9 #bfe #he4 ,! ,gold5 ,p5gu9 7,*rysocome cat>ractes7 #bfg ,illu/ration ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,( ,,birds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,/ilt-,,walk]s 7,grallatores74 ,,! birds belong+ to ?is ord] h unusually long legs1 =m$ 9 su* a mann] z to enable _m ( !m to seek _! food at a c]ta9 di/ance 9 ! wat]2 & are fur!r *>act]is$ by _! long ?9 neck1 sl5d] high t>si1 b>e ?ighs1 ?ree or f\r to$ feet1 & fully-develop$ w+s2 b ! con/ruction ( ! bill1 w+s1 & tail1 & ! coloration ( ! plumage is s v>i\s1 z to r5d] a g5]al description almo/ impossible4 ,! ,grallatores are met ) 9 e portion ( our globe1 & alike occupy op5 pla9s1 m\nta9 ranges--ev5 z high z ! sn[-l9e--f]tile valleys1 or arid des]ts1 conte/+ possession ( ! sea-%ore or riv] banks ) ! ,true ,swimm+ ,birds1 & t 9 su* extraord9>y numb]s1 z (t5 to r5d] x a matt] ( wond] :5ce a suffici5t supply ( food c be obta9$4 ,dur+ a ?ree days' passage into ! ,:ite ,nile we h se5 an almo/ un9t]rupt$ l9e ( birds ( ?is description1 numb]+ "s fifty diff]5t species1 runn+1 fi%+1 & ba?+1 9 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s1 ^u ea* side ( ! /ream1 & lit]ally sw>m+ 9 e lake1 pond1 or dit* 9 ! vic9ity4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,asia & "s ( ! isl&s ( ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,am]ica !y are equally num]\s1 & ov]spread ! sea-%ore = miles4 ,travell]s 9 ,s\!rn ,india tell u t x is n uncommon to see !m p]*$ s ?ickly on ! trees z to give ^! ! appe>ance ( be+ cov]$ ) magnific5t :ite blossoms4 ,insects1 worms1 spawn1 fi%es1 & v>i\s small animals & reptiles1 con/itute ! pr9cipal food ( ^! voraci\s birds2 "s also consume se$s1 leaves1 & t5d] %oots ( plants4 ,z reg>ds _! p[]s ( locomotion consid]able diff]5ce is obs]vable1 accord+ to ! situations :i* ! v>i\s species h be5 creat$ to occupy2 = :ile "s run ) ! utmo/ swiftness1 & fly ) an en]gy sc>cely inf]ior to t display$ by ! ,raptores1 o!rs move b sl[ly ov] ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & make _! way ?r\gh ! air ) comp>ative lab\r & difficulty4 ,"s few frequ5t ! bran*es ( trees1 & only take to ! wat] 9 em]g5cies2 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 !y bo? dive & swim ) extraord9>y facility4 ,! vocal p[]s ( ! ,grallatores are extremely limit$2 inde$1 "s species are capable ( produc+ no?+ m ?an a ho>se1 hiss+ note1 :ile o!rs endeav\r to make up = _! defici5cy 9 ?is respect by clapp+ ) _! m&ibles4 ,no less v>i\s is ! developm5t ( ! s5ses1 or ! peculi>ities ( disposition obs]vable 9 ! memb]s ( ?is ext5sive section1 & to ^! we mu/ !re=e allude m p>ticul>ly :5 describ+ ! diff]5t gr\ps "u :i* !y h be5 classifi$4 ,all su* z inhabit ! temp]ate zones migrate1 :il/ ^? occupy+ w>m] regions make excursions ) great regul>ity at c]ta9 seasons1 b probably d n v5ture to any great di/ance f _! native haunts4 ,( ! incubation ( ^! birds x is impossible to speak 9 g5]al t]ms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,bu/>ds 7,otides7 ,col\r$ ,plate ,,xxxii4 are ( l>ge size1 ) a heavy body1 ?ick neck1 mod]ately l>ge head1 & a p[]ful beak1 almo/ z long z ! head2 ?is beak is ( conical =m1 b compress$ at its base1 & slightly ar*$ at ! ridge ( ! upp] m&ible4 ,! t>si are high & /rong1 ! feet furni%$ ) ?ree toes1 ! w+s w$ge-%ap$1 & =m$ ( well-develop$ quills1 ( :i* ! ?ird is ! longe/2 ! tail is compos$ ( tw5ty broad fea!rs2 & ! plumage is ?ick1 smoo?1 & compact3 9 "s in/ances1 ! fea!rs on ! head & nape are prolong$ or v brilliantly col\r$4 ,! male is recognisable f 8 mate by 8 sup]ior size & bright] hues4 ,! "y resemble ! "m aft] ! fir/ m\lt+4 ,^! birds are repres5t$ 9 e division ( our globe1 ) ! exception ( ,am]ica1 & are especially num]\s 9 ! grassy /eppes & b>r5 tracts ( ,asia & ,africa4 ,9 ,europe !y occupy ! op5 cultivat$ c\ntry1 b are nev] s num]\sly met ) z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,!y entirely avoid l>ge =e/s1 b occasionally take up _! abode 9 woodl& di/ricts4 ,su* z occupy w>m latitudes d n migrate1 :il/ ! natives ( temp]ate zones ei!r g s\? at ! approa* ( w9t]1 or at lea/ w&] =? & sweep ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season !y live 9 small p>ties1 b aft]w>ds associate 9 l>ge flocks1 (t5 numb]+ "s hundr$s4 ,!y are rem>kably %y & w>y1 usually keep+ to op5 gr\nd1 & 9 ! summ] endeav\r to elude pursu]s by _! wond]ful rapidity ( foot1 :i* enables !m to scud along at a mo/ extraord9>y pace4 ,at ?is season1 if al>m$1 !y run = "s di/ance be=e ris+1 b once on ! w+1 fly ) /r5g? & rapidity1 always keep+ ne> ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! autumn1 on ! contr>y1 !y rise ) facility1 & fly to a great di/ance4 ,"s species ( ,bu/>ds are capable ( utt]+ cle> resonant notes1 :ile o!rs are s defici5t 9 ?is respect z to produce no?+ m ?an an occasional dull & toneless s\nd4 ,z reg>ds ! developm5t ( _! s5ses1 ) ! exception probably ( t ( smell1 !y are highly end[$1 & 9 _! int]c\rse ) _! fea!r$ companions1 or ev5 ) man himself1 exhibit no slight degree ( intellig5ce & c\rage4 ,,! ,,great ,,bu/>d4 ,! ,,great ,,bu/>d 7,otis t>da71 z x has be5 call$1 is di/+ui%able f all o!r species ( ! family by ! be>d-l tuft ( fea!rs t adorns ! *9 ( ! male bird4 ,! head1 upp] brea/1 & upp] "p ( ! w+1 are light grey2 ! fea!rs on ! back r$di% yell[1 /rip$ ) black2 ^? ( ! nape ru/-r$1 tipp$ ) :ite1 & decorat$ ) a black /ripe1 ! ext]ior be+ almo/ entirely :ite4 ,! prim>y quills are d>k greyi% br[n1 ) blacki% br[n tip & out] web1 & yell[i% :ite %aft2 ! second>ies are black ) :ite roots1 ^? at ! ext]ior be+ ne>ly pure :ite4 ,! be>d consi/s ( ab\t ?irty long1 sl5d]1 & ragg$ greyi% :ite fea!rs4 ,! eye is deep br[n1 ! beak blacki%1 & ! foot grey4 ,?is f9e & /ately bird is f ?ree feet & a qu>t] to ?ree feet & a half long1 & f sev5 feet & a half to eight feet broad2 ! w+ measures two feet & a qu>t]1 & ! tail elev5 in*es4 ,! female is mu* small] ?an h] mate1 less /rik+ 9 col\r & )\t a be>d2 h] l5g? is at mo/ two feet & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & ! expanse ( ! w+s six feet4 ,^! birds occupy ! wild op5 p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia1 only occasionally visit+ ,nor?-we/]n ,africa dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 !y 7 =m]ly abundant1 b are n[ q ext9ct2 9 ,france & ,g]many !y are occasionally met )1 & are m or less num]\s ?r\gh\t ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,mr4 ,ni*olson1 :o _h an opportunity ( /udy+ ! habits ( ! ,bu/>d 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,seville1 :]e x is /ill common1 tells u t ! /oma*s ( ^? he kill$ 7 lit]ally cramm$ ) /alks & e>s ( b>ley1 & ) ! leaves ( a l>ge gre5 we$1 & a k9d ( black beetle4 ,su* z he obs]v$ g5]ally flew1 :5 flu%$1 two miles or m at an elevation ( at lea/ a hundr$ y>ds4 ,! same g5tleman /ates t !y nev] attempt$ to escape by runn+1 & t if w+$1 !y %[$ a disposition to rema9 & fight r ?an to h rec\rse to _! legs4 ,an individual1 kept by ,mr4 ,b>tley1 liv$ pr9cipally ^u birds1 *iefly ,sp>r[s1 :i* x swall[$ :ole1 fea!rs & all1 ) ! greate/ avidity2 x also ate ! fl[]s ( *>lock & ! leaves ( rape1 z well z mice1 &1 inde$1 any animal sub/ance x casually met )4 ,9 disposition ^! ,bu/>ds are s %y & wild t1 accord+ to ,s*omburghk1 !y c nev] be approa*$ except :il/ eat+4 ,on ! ,cont95t !y are (t5 %ot ) a rifle4 ,! fle% ( ! "y is mu* e/eem$1 & is (t5 expos$ = sale 9 ,european m>kets4 ,l o!r memb]s ( ! family1 ?is species is n /ation>y 9 "o place1 b :5 x does n actually migrate1 flies1 at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 to a consid]able di/ance f its native haunts4 ,:5 ab\t to m\nt on ! w+1 x takes two or ?ree spr+y /eps1 & !n rises ) sl[ly flapp+ p9ions until x has rea*$ a c]ta9 height1 :5 x d>ts away ) su* rapidity z almo/ baffles ! eye & gun ( ! sportsman4 ,:il/ 9 flight ! neck & legs are /ret*$ =w>ds1 & ! h9d] "p ( ! body kept l[1 ?us imp>t+ an indescribable peculi>ity to ! bird :5 se5 9 ! air4 ,! voice ( ! ,great ,bu/>d is s l[ z to be sc>cely audible except at a %ort di/ance4 ,accord+ to ,naumann1 dur+ ! bre$+ season x utt]s a deep dull s\nd1 resembl+ ! syllables hah1 hah1 hah4 ,9 _! habits ^! birds are /rictly t]re/rial2 ! :ole day is pass$ ^u ! gr\nd2 ! e>ly morn+ h\rs be+ occupi$ 9 fight+1 scream+1 & fe$+2 at noon !y repose = a "t & du/ !mselves prep>atory to go+ aga9 9 se>* ( food be=e ev5+ closes 94 ,! pair+ season is 9 ,april1 & at t "t desp]ate battles take place among ! males4 ,dur+ ^! engagem5ts ! tails ( ! combatants are rais$ & spread out 9 ! mann] ( a fan1 ! w+s hang d[n to ! gr\nd1 & !y *>ge ea* o!r l ,turkey-cocks4 ,! /ronge/ collects ab\t him ! l>ge/ h>em1 & pair+ takes place 9 ! same amus+ way z among ! ,turkeys4 ,! female lays two or ?ree olive-grey eggs1 m>k$ ) r$ & liv]-br[n spots1 9 a hole :i* %e scrat*es 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! p]iod ( incubation is said to be tw5ty-eight days1 & z soon z ! "y are hat*$1 !y are capable ( foll[+ _! "m 9 se>* ( food4 ,! me?ods adopt$ = captur+ ! ,bu/>d are v>i\s4 ,f its extremely %y nature1 & f its habit ( keep+ to ! op5 c\ntry1 x is n easy ( approa*4 ,( wayf>+ p1 h[ev]1 x seems to h little appreh5sion2 ! usual plan1 !re=e1 is = ! sportsman ei!r to clo! himself l a peasant1 or to put on female app>el1 & to make up to x ) a basket on 8 back1 & hold+ ! gun closely by 8 side4 ,sometimes1 also1 ^! birds are *as$ ) greyh\nds1 :i* are convey$ t[>ds !m 9 cov]$ c>ts1 until su* "t z !y ev9ce symptoms ( al>m & beg9 to move (f1 :5 ! dogs are slipp$ f _! c\pl+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bu/>ds 7,otis t>da74 ,9 ! ,catalogue ( ! ,tradescant ,museum1 pres]v$ at ,s\? ,lambe?1 be>+ date #afef1 is m5tion$3 ,! ,bu/>d1 z big z a ,turkey1 usually tak5 by greyh\nds on ,newm>ket ,hea?2 & ,mr4 ,knox /ates 9 8 ,sy/ematic ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,sussex1 publi%$ 9 #ahce1 t he met ) "s v old p :o1 9 _! y\ng] days1 _h se5 flocks ( ^! noble birds on ! d[ns4 ,roy/on ,hea? is m5tion$ by ,willughby z frequ5t$ by !m1 & ,:ite ( ,selborne1 9 8 ,j\rnal records3 ,i sp5t ?ree h\rs ( ?is day1 ,novemb] #ag1 #aghb1 at a lone f>mh\se 9 ! mid/ ( ! d[ns1 betwe5 ,&ov] & ,w9ton4 ,! c>t] told u t1 ab\t twelve ye>s be=e1 he _h se5 a flock ( eighte5 ,bu/>ds on t f>m1 & once s9ce only two4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,norfolk & ,suffolk1 publi%$ 9 #ahbg1 affirm t ,bu/>ds1 al?\gh mu* sc>c] ?an =m]ly1 /ill cont9ue to bre$ 9 ! op5 p>ts ( bo? c\nties1 & ,y>rell gives o!r in/ances ( _! occurr5ce )9 a comp>atively rec5t p]iod4 ,t !y 7 =m]ly consid]$ articles ( special luxury = ! table is evid5c$ by ! price affix$ to !m 9 ,dugdale's ,orig9es ,judiciales1 9 an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( game consum$ at a fea/ 9 ! ,inn] ,temple ,hall on ! #af? ( ,octob]1 #aeee1 namely3 ,bu/>ds1 #ajs42 ,swans1 #ajs42 ,cranes1 #ajs42 :ile ,turkeys are e/imat$ only at #ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,little ,,bu/>d 7,otis tetrax1 or ,tetrax campe/ris74 ,,! ,,little ,,bu/>d4 ,! ,,little ,,bu/>d 7,otis tetrax1 or ,tetrax campe/ris7 diff]s f ! above species1 n only 9 ! inf]iority ( its size & g5]al coloration1 b 9 ! curi\s prolongation ( ! fea!rs on ! nape & ?roat4 ,9 ! male bird ! black ?roat is enliv5$ by :ite /reaks1 "o ( :i* passes f ! e> to ! gullet1 & ! o!r ov] ! crop2 ! face is d>k grey1 ! top ( ! head light yell[ spott$ & m>k$ ) black2 ! edges ( ! w+s1 fea!rs ( ! tail-cov]s & entire "u side are :ite1 ! quills d>k br[n1 & tail-fea!rs :ite1 m>k$ ) two l9es at _! extremity4 ,! eye is light or br[ni%1 ! beak horn-grey tipp$ ) black1 & ! foot /raw-col\r4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is f eighte5 to n9ete5 in*es1 its bread? ?irty-six in*es1 ! w+ measures t5 & ! tail five in*es4 ,! female is small] ?an h] mate1 & has ! side ( h] head ( a yell[i% hue2 h] ?roat is :iti%2 brea/ light yell[1 /rip$ ) black2 ! spots ^u h] mantle are m cle>ly def9$ ?an 9 ! plumage ( ! male2 ! fea!rs ( h] upp] w+-cov]s are :ite spott$ ) black2 h] "u side is :ite4 ,! ,little ,bu/>d is met ) pr9cipally 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 ext5d+ f ! s\? ( ,france1 ov] ,turkey1 ,greece1 ,italy1 & ,spa92 x is p>ticul>ly num]\s 9 ,s>d9ia1 & is se5 9 l>ge flocks ^u ! /eppes ( ,s\!rn ,russia1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! migratory season4 ,accord+ to ,y>rell1 ?is bird c only be reg>d$ z an accid5tal or w9t] visitor to ,great ,brita91 x hav+ be5 kill$ "h only betwe5 autumn & ! middle ( spr+4 ,! ne/ or eggs h nev] be5 f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( its migrations1 x occasionally visits ! c\ntry r\nd ! ,altai ,m\nta9s1 & ,syria4 ,dur+ our /ay 9 ,egypt1 we saw b a s+le specim54 ,unlike ! l>g] species1 ! ,little ,bu/>d is n re/rict$ to flat & op5 di/ricts1 b frequ5tly inhabits m\nta9\s regions2 9 ,spa9 x pr9cipally occupies v9ey>ds1 :]ev] ^! may be situat$4 ,al?\gh closely resembl+ ! species la/ describ$ 9 _m respects1 x yet diff]s f x consid]ably 9 ! ease & comp>ative lightness ( its movem5ts4 ,its gait is m graceful1 & its pace extraord9>ily rapid2 its flight is swift & capable ( be+ long-su/a9$4 ,9 disposition x is cauti\s1 b by no means s %y z ! ,great ,bu/>d3 if di/urb$ x seeks safety by squatt+ close to ! gr\nd among ! grass or bru%wood2 & its voice is seldom he>d except dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation4 ,insects1 worms1 beetles1 gras%opp]s1 l>v1 & occasionally portions ( plants or se$s con/itute ! food ( ?is species2 ! "y probably are re>$ exclusively on insect diet4 ,! bre$+ season comm5ces ab\t ! end ( ,april1 & is inaugurat$ by viol5t battles betwe5 ! male birds2 ! eggs1 f f\r to five 9 numb]1 are ab\t ! size ( ^? ( ! ,dome/ic ,f[l1 & h a glossy yell[i% br[n or yell[i% gre5 %ell m or less di/9ctly spott$ ) r$di% br[n2 !y are deposit$ 9 a slight holl[ on ! gr\nd4 ,! male seldom goes to any great di/ance f 8 mate :il/ %e is brood+1 & beguiles ! "t by mak+ %ort undulat+ flights 9 h] imm$iate vic9ity4 ,we are almo/ )\t p>ticul>s respect+ ! re>+ ( ! "y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,h\b>as 7,hub>a7 con/itute a di/9ct gr\p1 compris+ b two species1 bo? ( :i* h be5 f\nd 9 ,europe4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ^! birds are _! long beak1 %ort foot1 ! cre/ ^u _! head1 & ! beautiful coll> t adorns _! neck4 ,,! ,,indian ,,h\b>a4 ,! ,,indian ,,h\b>a 7,hub>a ,macqu5ii7 is an inhabitant ( ,s\!rn ,asia1 & f !nce has occasionally visit$ ,c5tral ,europe & ev5 ,engl&4 ,^u ! br[ & sides ( ! head ! plumage is ( a r$di% grey1 p[d]$ ) br[n2 ! long cre/ is black 9 front & :ite beh9d2 ! fea!rs on ! nape are :iti%1 /rip$ ) br[n & grey1 & ^? on ! back o*re-yell[ delicately p5cill$1 & 9 "s p>ts spott$ ) black2 ! ?roat is :ite above & br[n bel[2 ! upp] brea/ grey1 & ! belly yell[i% :ite4 ,! coll> is compos$ ( long /ream+ fea!rs situat$ on bo? sides ( ! neck2 ( ^! ! l[] ones are :ite1 ^? high] up :ite ) black tips & base1 :il/ ^? at ! top are entirely black4 ,! quills h :ite roots & black tips2 ! tail is ( a r$di% %ade delicately spott$ & decorat$ ) two /ripes2 ! eye is bright yell[2 ! beak slate-grey2 & ! foot gre5i% yell[4 ,accord+ to ,j]don1 ! l5g? ( ! male v>ies f tw5ty-five to ?irty in*es1 & its bread? f f\r to five feet2 ! w+ measures f f\rte5 to fifte51 & ! tail f n9e to t5 in*es4 ,aft] ! bre$+ season1 ! male m\lts 8 beautiful cre/4 ,accord+ to ,j]don1 ! ,indian ,h\b>a is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! pla9s ( ! ,punjaub & ,upp] ,sc9de1 occasionally cross+ ! ,sutlej at ,f]ozepore2 b no record exi/s ( its occurr5ce ea/w>d ( ,delhi4 ,x is probably a p]man5t resid5t 9 ! localities :]e x is f\nd1 z no notice is giv5 ( its appe>ance at any p>ticul> season4 ,?is bird inhabits op5 & s&y pla9s1 or undulat+ s&y di/ricts bespr9kl$ ) scatt]$ tufts ( grass2 x also frequ5ts fields ( :eat & o!r gra91 & is g5]ally met ) 9 op5 gr\nd4 ,be+ v w>y x is approa*$ ) difficulty1 except 9 ! heat ( ! day1 :5 x lies d[n b5ea? a ?ick tuft or o!r %elt]1 & is easily secur$4 ,! ,h\b>a is mu* hunt$ ) ,hawks bo? 9 ! ,punjaub & ,sc9de1 ! ,falco sac] be+ g5]ally employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,! bird1 h[ev]1 occasionally baffles ! ,falcon by eject+ a horrible1 /9k+ fluid1 :i* besme>s & spoils ! plumage ( 8 enemy2 j z 9 ,africa its cong5] is said to def5d itself f ! ,sakr ,falcon4 ,adams /ates t ! ,h\b>a is v de/ructive to :eat-fields1 z x eats ! "y %oots2 b insects ( v>i\s k9ds d\btless con/itute its pr9cipal food4 ,! fle% is exce$+ly t5d]1 & is (t5 s load$ ) fat t ! sk9s are ) difficulty dri$ & pres]v$4 ,capta9 ,hutton tells u t ?is bird is common 9 ! b>e & /ony pla9s ( ,afghani/an1 :]e x is met ) 9 p>ties ( five or six toge!r4 ,x flies heavily1 & = a %ort di/ance only1 soon alight+ & runn+ ov] ! gr\nd4 ,! ,h\b>a has be5 f\nd 9 ,mesopotamia & o!r p>ts ( ,asia1 & occasionally1 b v r>ely1 9 ,europe4 ,! /oma* ( a specim5 kill$ 9 a /ubble-field 9 ,l9coln%ire1 9 #ahdg1 0 fill$ ) cat]pill>s ( ! common yell[ und]w+ mo?1 small %ell$ snails1 & beetles4 ,! eggs ( ?is species are f ?ree to five 9 numb]1 yell[i%1 spott$1 & oval-%ap$1 & ab\t ! same size z ^? ( ! ,turkey4 ,vi]a in=ms u t ! eggs are deposit$ 9 a slight holl[1 among/ ! grass or corn2 t ! brood make _! appe>ance )9 five weeks2 & t !y at once beg9 to run ab\t aft] ! mann] ( "y *ick5s4 ,! foll[+ graphic acc\nt ( hawk+ ! ,h\b>a is giv5 by ,sir ,john ,malcolm1 9 8 ,sket*es ( ,p]sia3--,we w5t1 says t writ]1 to see a k9d ( hawk+ peculi>1 ,i believe1 to ! s&y pla9s ( ,p]sia1 on :i* ! ,h\b>a1 a noble species ( ,bu/>d1 is f\nd on almo/ b>e pla9s1 :]e x has no %elt] b a small %rub call$ 'geetuck4' ,:5 we w5t 9 que/ ( ^! birds we 7 a p>ty ( tw5ty1 all well m\nt$4 ,two k9ds ( ,hawks are necess>y = ?is sport3 ! fir/1 ! ,*]kh 7! same :i* is fl[n at ! antelope71 attacks !m on ! gr\nd1 b w n foll[ !m on ! w+2 = ?is reason ! ,bhyree1 a ,hawk well kn[n 9 ,india1 is fl[n ! mom5t ! ,h\b>a rises4 ,z we rode along 9 an ext5d$ l9e1 ! m5 :o c>ri$ ! ,*]khs e n[ & !n unhood$ !m & held !m up t !y might look ov] ! pla94 ,! fir/ ,h\b>a we f\nd af=d$ u a pro( ( ! a/oni%+ quickness ( sight ( "o ( ^! ,hawks2 %e flutt]$ to be loose1 & ! man :o held h] gave a :oop z he ?rew h] (f 8 h&1 & !n set (f at full spe$4 ,we all did ! same4 ,at fir/ we only saw our ,hawk skimm+ ov] ! pla91 b soon p]ceiv$ at ! di/ance ( m ?an a mile ! beautiful speckl$ ,h\b>a1 ) 8 head erect & w+s outspread1 runn+ =w>d to meet 8 adv]s>y4 ,! ,hawk made sev]al unsuccessful p\nces1 :i* 7 ei!r evad$ or repell$ by ! beak & w+s ( ! ,h\b>a1 :i* at la/ f\nd an opportunity ( ris+1 :5 a ,bhyree 0 in/antly fl[n1 & ! p>ty 7 aga9 at full gallop4 ,we _h a flight ( m ?an a mile1 & !n ! ,h\b>a alight$ & 0 kill$ by ano!r ,*]kh1 :i* attack$ him on ! gr\nd4 ,?is bird weigh$ t5 p\nds4 ,we kill$ sev]al o!rs1 b 7 n always successful1 hav+ se5 our ,hawks twice completely beat5 dur+ ! two days t we foll[$ ! sport4 ,:5 tak5 "y1 ! ,h\b>a is susceptible ( be+ tam$1 & has be5 re>$ among ! f[ls 9 a ,f>m-y>d3 :5 ?us treat$ x is1 h[ev]1 v %y & timor\s1 hid+ itself 9 holes & corn]s1 & refuses to bre$4 ,,! ,,african ,,ruffl$ ,,bu/>d4 ,! ,,african ,,ruffl$ ,,bu/>d 7,hub>a undulata71 ?\gh ( l>g] size1 closely resembles ! above species 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 b has ! back & w+s ( a deep] br[n %ade1 & ! cre/ entirely :ite4 ,al?\gh r>ely met ) 9 ,europe1 ?is ,h\b>a is pl5tiful 9 ! s&y des]ts ( ,arabia & ,nor? ,africa1 :]e its exquisitely-flav\r$ fle% is mu* priz$4 ,we are b imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) its habits1 & h no in=mation respect+ its eggs or nidification4 ,g\ld is ( op9ion t ! cre/ ( ! female is ei!r v small or entirely want+1 & t ! male bird only we>s 8 plume dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,,! ,,florik94 ,! ,,florik9 7,sypheotidis ,b5gal5sis71 "o ( ! mo/ valu$ game-birds ( ,india1 is dur+ ! bre$+ season ( a glossy black ^u ! head1 nape1 brea/1 & entire "u side2 ! back1 second>ies1 rump1 & fea!rs ( ! l[] tail-cov]s are ( a br[ni% hue1 delicately m>k$ ) zigzag black l9es1 & ea* fea!r decorat$ ) a black spot 9 its c5tre2 ! %\ld]-fea!rs & quills are pure :ite2 ( ! latt] ! ?ree fir/ are black ^u ! out] web1 :il/ ! re/ h black %afts & tips4 ,! tail is black1 spott$ ) br[n1 & tipp$ ) :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak black above1 & yell[ b5ea?2 ! foot is gre5i% yell[1 & ! heel blue4 ,?is species is f tw5ty-f\r to tw5ty-sev5 in*es long1 & f =ty-f\r to =ty-sev5 broad2 ! w+ measures f\rte5 & ! tail sev5 in*es4 ,aft] ! bre$+ season ! male appe>s 9 a diff]5t g>b1 9 "s degree resembl+ t ( 8 mate4 ,! head & entire upp] portion ( ! body are1 9 ! female1 ( a pale r$1 spott$1 /rip$1 & m>k$ ) black & br[n2 ! fea!rs on ! upp] w+-cov]s are :iti%1 & ^? ( ! nape l9$ ) black2 ! quills are /rip$ d>k br[n & r$4 ,! female is f tw5ty-eight to tw5ty-n9e in*es long1 & fifty in*es broad4 ,?is f9e bird1 accord+ to ,j]don1 is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,l[] ,b5gal1 nor? ( ! ,ganges1 ext5d+ to ! s\? bank above ! junction ( ! ,jumna1 & !nce spread+ ?r\gh ! valley ( ! ,jumna into ,rajpootana1 ! ,cis-,sutlej ,/ates1 & p>ts ( ! ,punjaub2 9 ! ea/ x occurs 9 ,dacca1 ,tipp]ah1 ,silhet1 & ,assam1 & nor?w>ds to ! foot ( ! ,himalayas4 ,x frequ5ts l>ge tracts ( mod]ately high grass1 :e!r int]sp]s$ ) bu%es or o!rwise1 grass *>rs1 or riv]s1 & occasionally cultivat$ gr\nd2 b x appe>s to be v caprici\s 9 its *oice1 sev]al (t5 congregat+ 9 c]ta9 spots to ! exclusion ( o!rs t seem$ equally fav\rable4 ,f ,febru>y to ,april x may be se5 /alk+ ab\t ! ?9 grass e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & x is obs]v$ to be (t5 f\nd ab\t newly-burnt pat*es2 or "o or m may be notic$ w++ _! way to "s cultivat$ spot1 a pea-field1 or mu/>d-field1 to make _! morn+ repa/1 aft] :i* !y fly back to "s ?ick] pat* ( grass to re/ dur+ ! heat ( ! day4 ,at ?is "t1 z well z dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! ye>1 !y are usually met ) s+ly1 sometimes 9 pairs1 male & female1 n f> di/ant f ea* o!r2 or1 z /at$ previ\sly1 ?ree or f\r w be f\nd 9 "s fav\r$ spot4 ,accord+ to ,hodgson1 ! ,florik9 is nei!r monogam\s nor polygam\s1 b ! sexes live ap>t1 at no great di/ance1 & ?is w\ld appe> to be v probable4 ,! ,florik9 bre$s f ,june to ,augu/4 ,at ?is season ! cock bird may be se5 ris+ p]p5dicul>ly into ! air ) a hurri$ flapp+ ( 8 w+s1 occasionally /opp+ = a second or two1 & !n ris+ /ill high]1 rais+ 8 cre/ at ! same "t1 puff+ out ! fea!rs ( 8 neck & brea/1 & aft]w>ds dropp+ d[n to ! gr\nd2 he repeats ?is manuvre sev]al times successively1 humm+1 z ,hodgson ass]ts1 9 a peculi> tone4 ,su* females z happ5 to be ne> obey ?is saltatory summons2 &1 accord+ to ,hodgson1 :5 "o approa*es1 he trails 8 w+s1 raises & spreads 8 tail l a ,turkey-cock1 humm+ all ! :ile4 ,at ?is "t ! h5 ,florik9 is g5]ally to be f\nd 9 l[] gr\nd & ?ick] grass1 & is flu%$ ) difficulty1 z %e conceals h]self at ! fir/ approa* ( dang]4 ,%e lays f two to f\r eggs 9 "s seque/]$ spot1 well hidd5 by ! grass2 ^! are ( a dull olivace\s t9t1 m or less blot*$1 & cov]$ ) d>k spots4 ,two females are said n unfrequ5tly to brood ne> ea* o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cb4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,! ,,h\b>a ,,otis ,,macque5ii 7"o qu>t] ,nat4 size7 ,! ,florik9 has a /eady flapp+ flight1 :i* is n v rapid1 & is seldom prolong$ to any consid]able di/ance4 ,:5 fe$+1 x is %y & w>y1 & w (t5 rise at "s di/ance1 b spe$ily takes refuge 9 a ?ick pat* ( grass1 & may !n be easily approa*$4 ,x is usually sil5t1 b if sudd5ly />tl$ rises ) a %rill metallic *ik1 *ik1 :i* is occasionally repeat$ dur+ its flight4 ,! food ( ! ,florik9 consi/s *iefly ( insects1 gras%opp]s1 beetles1 & cat]pill>s2 b x also eats small liz>ds1 snakes1 c5tip$es1 & simil> f>e4 ,accord+ to ,hodgson1 x (t5 consumes se$s & spr\ts1 b ,j]don is ( op9ion t ^! are n tak5 by *oice1 b swall[$ ) ! insect diet4 ,?is bird is highly e/eem$ = ! table1 & by "s numb]$ among/ ! mo/ delicate ( ,indian game4 ,9 all p>ts ( ,india1 !re=e1 ! ,florik9 is eag]ly s\ght = by sportsm54 ,x is frequ5tly kill$ dur+ a tig]-*ase1 & is occasionally tak5 by ! help ( ! ,falcon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tro*ilus1 ,,or ,,crocodile ,,wat*] 7,hyas gyptiacus74 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,c\rs]s 7,ta*ydromi71 a gr\p 9 _m respects closely resembl+ ! small] species ( ,otides1 are sl5d]ly-=m$ birds1 ) long legs1 l>ge1 po9t$ w+s1 %ort tails1 & a mod]ate-siz$ delicate beak ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 9 mo/ in/ances slightly curv$1 & cov]$ ) a c]e at its base4 ,! leg is sl5d]1 ! foot furni%$ ) ?ree toes1 :i* are arm$ ) delicately small claws1 & almo/ entirely unconnect$4 ,! tol]ably ?ick plumage is usually ( a ne>ly uni=m r$di% br[n col\r1 or s&y yell[1 & v>ies accord+ to ! sex & age4 ,^! birds inhabit ! arid pla9s & s&y des]ts ( ,africa & ,s\!rn ,asia1 "o species alone frequ5t+ su* spots z are 9 ! vic9ity ( wat]1 into :i*1 h[ev]1 x does n v5ture to wade4 ,_! flight is rapid & p[]ful1 & ^u ! gr\nd !y run ) almo/ incr$ible ease & spe$4 ,insects & l>v con/itute _! diet2 ! se$s occasionally f\nd 9 _! /oma*s be+ only accid5tally swall[$ 9 _! ha/y se>* = food4 ,except dur+ ! bre$+ season !y live 9 small p>ties1 & frequ5tly associate ) birds ( simil> habits4 ,x is undet]m9$ :e!r ! ,ta*ydromi %\ld be reg>d$ z /ation>y birds or n2 "s species c]ta9ly w&] ov] ! c\ntry1 & occasionally appe> at great di/ances f _! native haunts4 ,,! ,,cream-,,col\r$ ,,c\rs]4 ,! ,,cream-,,col\r$ ,,c\rs] 7,cursorius isabell9us7 possesses a sl5d] body & l>ge w+s1 9 :i* ! second quill is long] ?an ! re/2 a comp>atively %ort1 broadly-r\nd$ tail1 compos$ ( f twelve to f\rte5 fea!rs2 a long1 decid$ly-curv$ bill1 sl5d] t>si1 & feet furni%$ ) ?ree toes4 ,! ?ick1 s(t plumage is ( a cream-col\r1 ! upp] p>ts ( ! body hav+ a r$di% & ! "u side a yell[i% t+e2 ! nape is bluei% grey1 divid$ f ! re/ ( ! body by a :ite & a black l9e comm5c+ at ! eyes1 & m]g+ into a triangul> pat* on ! nape2 ! second>ies are s&-yell[1 ) a black spot ne> ! :ite tip1 & a pale inn] web4 ,all ! tail-fea!rs are r$di% cream-col\r1 except two 9 ! c5tre2 ^! are tipp$ ) :ite1 & /rip$ ) black4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak blacki%1 & ! foot /raw-col\r4 ,?is species is f eight in*es & a half to n9e in*es long1 & n9ete5 broad2 ! w+ measures six in*es1 & ! tail two in*es & a half4 ,! female closely resembles h] mate2 ! "y are at once recognis$ by ! mottl$ & spott$ appe>ance ( _! some:at light] plumage2 _! prim>y quills h yell[ tips1 & ! nape is adorn$ by a :iti% /ripe bord]$ by a few black fea!rs4 ,! ,cream-col\r$ ,c\rs] is a native ( ,africa1 & is met ) 9 ,egypt1 ,nubia1 & ,abyss9ia1 be+ mo/ num]\s 9 ! la/-m5tion$ c\ntry2 x appe>s 9 summ] along ! coa/-l9e f ,tangi]s to ,tripoli1 & is seldom f\nd nor? ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?is bird is "o ( ! r>e/ visitors to our %ores1 b ?ree or f\r specim5s h occurr$ 9 ,great ,brita9 s9ce #aghe4 ,"s ye>s ago "o 0 %ot 9 ,k5t1 :il/ runn+ ov] "s light l&4 ,s little timidity did x exhibit t ! g5tleman :o kill$ x _h "t to s5d = a gun1 :i* did n readily g (f1 & he 9 consequ5ce miss$ 8 aim4 ,! report fright5$ ! bird away1 b aft] mak+ a turn or two x aga9 settl$ )9 a hundr$ y>ds1 & 0 dispat*$4 ,x 0 obs]v$ to run ) incr$ible swiftness1 & at int]vals to pick up some?+ f ! gr\nd1 & 0 s bold z to r5d] x difficult to make x rise 9 ord] to %oot x :ile on ! w+4 ,! note 0 n l t ( a ,plov]1 nor1 inde$1 to be comp>$ ) t ( any kn[n bird4 ,f ,febru>y to ,july ^! ,c\rs]s live 9 pairs1 & are usually met ) runn+ toge!r ov] ! arid s&s ( _! des]t haunts4 ,travell]s tell u t !y frequ5tly d>t along ) su* extraord9>y rapidity t1 l ! spokes 9 a swiftly-turn$ :eel1 _! limbs become invisible1 s t at a di/ance !y pres5t ! appe>ance ( legless bodies d>t+ ?r\gh ! air2 if pursu$ by man1 x is n uncommon = !m ?us to avoid 8 approa* = h\rs toge!r4 ,if v sorely press$1 !y rise ^u ! w+ to a mod]ate height1 & hov] = a "t be=e recomm5c+ _! wild c>e]4 ,!y w all[ a rid] to come ne>] ?an a man on foot2 b ev5 :5 m\nt$1 x is extremely difficult to get a %ot at !m1 z _! _m enemies soon r5d] !m v timid4 ,we le>n f ,bdek] t ! eggs ( ?is species are f ?ree to f\r 9 numb]1 %ort & broad1 ) a s&-col\r$ glossy %ell1 m>k$ & dott$ ) a d>k] %ade4 ,^! are deposit$ 9 a slight holl[ 9 ! gr\nd among/ %ort grass or /ones4 ,we are unacqua9t$ ) fur!r p>ticul>s respect+ ! nidification ( ! ,cream-col\r$ ,c\rs]4 ,,! ,,tro*ilus1 ,,or ,,crocodile ,,wat*]4 ,! ,,tro*ilus1 or ,,crocodile ,,wat*] 7,hyas gyptiacus1 or ,tro*ilus71 diff]s 9 _m ess5tial p>ticul>s f ! above gr\p1 to :i*1 h[ev]1 x is ne>ly alli$4 ,! body ( ?is bird is compact1 ! neck %ort1 & ! head mod]ately l>ge4 ,! beak is n m ?an half z long z ! head1 compress$ at its sides1 & drawn 9 at ! m>g9s2 ! upp] m&ible rises g5tly f ! base1 & aga9 curves d[nw>ds t[>ds ! tip2 ! l[] m&ible is /raight2 ! leg is high1 b>e1 & b ?ree-to$2 ! w+1 9 :i* ! fir/ quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?1 is s long1 t x ext5ds z f> z ! tip ( ! r\nd$ tail4 ,! second>y quills are also unusually develop$4 ,9 ?is v beautiful bird1 ! top ( ! head1 ! broad *eek-/ripes :i* unite at ! nape1 a wide /ripe on ! brea/1 & ! long sl5d] back-fea!rs are all black2 ! eyebr[s1 ?roat1 gullet1 & entire "u side are :ite1 %ad+ into pale r$di% br[n on ! sides & brea/1 & into br[ni% yell[ 9 ! region ( ! rump2 ! fea!rs on ! %\ld] & upp] cov]s are pale slate-blue or grey2 ! quills1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ 7:i* has only a light bord] at ! base ( ! out] web7 are black 9 ! c5tre & at ! tip1 ! re/ ( ! fea!rs be+ :ite1 ?us =m+ two broad /ripes to ! w+s1 :i* h a v f9e appe>ance :5 fully spread4 ,! tail-fea!rs are bluei% grey tipp$ ) :ite1 & decorat$ ) a black /ripe4 ,! eye is light br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot light grey4 ,! body is ab\t eight in*es & a half 9 l5g?2 ! w+ measures five in*es1 & ! tail two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,! female is b little small] ?an h] mate4 ,h]odotus gives ! foll[+ qua9t acc\nt ( ! suppos$ /range fri5d%ip betwe5 ?is species & ! crocodile3--,all o!r bea/s & birds1 says t old ,greek writ]1 avoid ! crocodile1 b he is at peace ) ! ,tro*ilus1 because he receives b5efits f x1 = :5 ! crocodile gets out ( ! wat] & !n op5s 8 jaws1 :i* he does mo/ commonly t[>ds ! we/1 ! ,tro*ilus ent]s 8 m\? & swall[s ! lee*es :i* cl+ to 8 tee?4 ,! huge bea/ is s pleas$ ) ?is s]vice t he nev] injures ! little bird4 ,?is well-kn[n acc\nt is /ill curr5t 9 ,egypt1 ) ! addition ( ano!r tale traditional among ! ,nile boatm5 conc]n+ ?is bird1 :i* !y call ! ,zic-zac1 9 imitation ( its call4 ,! crocodile1 !y say1 :ile repos+ on a s&bank1 (t5 falls asleep1 q =getful ( 8 bird fri5d1 :o is busy )9 8 l>ge m\? cle>+ 8 tee? f _! tr\blesome lee* app5dages4 ,! ,zic-zac1 f9d+ ! huge door closely %ut ^u him1 gives ! crocodile a %>p rem9d] ( 8 pres5ce by /rik+ 8 spurs into ! m\? ( ! mon/]1 :o imm$iately sets ! prison] free4 ,! ,hyas gyptiacus is met ) ?r\gh\t all ! c\ntry wat]$ by ! ,nile1 & on ! %ores ( all ! riv]s ( ,we/]n ,africa4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r any /ray specim5s h really visit$ ,europe z has be5 /at$2 ?is species1 accord+ to our own obs]vations1 be+ /rictly /ation>y 9 its habits1 & only quitt+ "o s&bank = ano!r :5 compell$ to d s by ! ris+ ( ! wat]4 ,9 all its movem5ts ?is brisk & pretty little bird displays great ease & rapidity4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( its flight1 :i* is nev] long su/a9$1 x keeps close to ! surface ( ! riv]1 & frequ5tly repeats its %rill :i/l+ cry4 ,t[>ds e liv+ creature ! ,tro*ilus manife/s ! same utt] fe>lessness :i* he exhibits t[>ds 8 neighb\r ! crocodile1 ov] & ar\nd ^: l>ge body he con/antly disports himself on ! s&banks1 & gleans (f ! insect p>asites t torm5t him4 ,we c di/9ctly affirm t we h ourselves repeat$ly se5 ! little creature p]=m+ ! too?-cle>+ op]ation ! anci5ts attribut$ to x1 & :i* _m mod]n writ]s h decl>$ to be fabul\s4 ,insects ( all k9ds1 worms1 small fi%1 mussels1 &1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 scraps ( meat1 & occasionally se$s1 =m ! pr9cipal diet ( ! ,crocodile-,wat*]4 ,only once1 9 spite ( all our endeav\rs1 c\ld we discov] ! c>efully-conceal$ eggs4 ,aft] _m fruitless ef=ts our att5tion 0 attract$ :il/ look+ ?r\gh a telescope by a pair ( birds1 "o ( :i* 0 sitt+ 9 ! s&1 & ! o!r runn+ hi!r & ?i!r 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,us+ e precaution we approa*$1 b 7 no soon] obs]v$ ?an ! brood+ p>5t arose1 & aft] go+ hurri$ly to a %ort di/ance1 jo9$ its mate1 & bo? toge!r walk$ sl[ly f ! spot ) su* a wond]ful affectation ( indiff]5ce1 t we 7 completely tak5 91 & %\ld n h c>ri$ our inve/igations any fur!r _h n a slight unev5ness ( ! gr\nd caught our eye4 ,on remov+ ! s&1 two beautiful eggs 7 br\ght to light1 hav+ a r$di% yell[ %ell1 dott$ & m>k$ 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,coll>$ ,,prat9cole 7,gl>eola prat9cola74 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,prat9coles1 or ,,swall[-,,w+$ ,,wad]s 7,tra*eli71 are recognisable at once by ! swall[-l =mation ( _! long w+s1 9 :i* ! fir/ quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?2 by _! long1 /raight1 or =k$ tail compos$ ( f\rte5 fea!rs1 & _! sl5d] b>e legs4 ,! toes1 f\r 9 numb]1 are v sl5d]1 ! ?ree 9 front are connect$ by a sk91 & furni%$ ) n>r[1 %>p1 & almo/ /raight claws4 ,! plumage1 :i* v>ies b little ei!r 9 ! sexes or at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 is v simil> 9 all ! species4 ,! ,prat9coles1 or ,sea ,p>tridges z !y are call$ on ! ,cont95t1 inhabit ! temp]ate & w>m portions ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e1 & frequ5t ! bord]s ( lakes & riv]s 9 ! vic9ity ( m\nta9s4 ,l ! ,swall[1 !y seek _! insect prey :il/ ^u ! w+1 or f ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ov] :i* !y run ) great rapidity4 ,! eggs1 ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 are deposit$ 9 a slight ne/ plac$ among ru%es or ?ick m>%y h]bage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,?ick-,,knee1 ,,or ,,/one ,,curlew 7dicnemus crepitans74 ,,! ,,coll>$ ,,prat9cole4 ,! ,,coll>$ ,,prat9cole 7,gl>eola prat9cola7 is a beautiful bird1 ab\t t5 in*es long & tw5ty-two in*es & a half broad1 ) ! w+ measur+ sev5 in*es1 & ! tail1 at ! c5tre ( ! =k1 two in*es & a half4 ,! upp] portions ( ! body are greyi% br[n1 ! w+s1 l[] brea/1 & "u side :ite2 ! r$di% yell[ ?roat is encircl$ by a br[n r+1 & ! head is br[ni% grey2 ! tail-fea!rs & quills are tipp$ ) black4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! beak black1 ) bright r$ corn]s1 & ! foot blacki% br[n4 ,! male & female are almo/ alike 9 size4 ,?is bird inhabits ,nor!rn ,africa1 & ! c\ntries wat]$ by ! ,don1 ! ,volga1 & ! ,caspian & ,black ,seas2 & al?\gh x p]iodically visits ,france1 is r>ely se5 9 ,great ,brita94 ,ev]y:]e x occupies ! m>g9s ( riv]s & lakes1 equally frequ5t+ ! vic9ity ( fre% & salt wat]4 ,! ,coll>$ ,prat9cole flies ) great ease & swiftness1 & indulges 9 a v>iety ( graceful evolutions :il/ on ! w+2 ^u ! gr\nd its walk1 ?\gh rapid1 is seldom prolong$1 & e /ep is accompani$ by a con/ant :ipp+ ) ! tail4 ,its food consi/s pr9cipally ( aquatic insects1 b x seizes its prey ) equal facility on l&1 f ! surface ( ! wat] or 9 ! air2 inde$1 x is n uncommon to see "o ( ^! active little birds d>t to a height ( sev]al feet into ! air1 9 ord] to seize a pass+ fly4 ,x consumes locu/s 9 great numb]s1 &1 accord+ to ,jules ,v]reaux1 is (t5 to be f\nd 9 ! track ( ! ho/s ( ^! creatures t are met ) 9 ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,! ne/ consi/s ( a slight holl[ 9 ! gr\nd1 l9$ ) fibres & blades ( grass2 ! eggs1 f\r 9 numb]1 h a yell[i% br[n or gre5i% grey %ell1 spott$ ) grey1 & v>i\sly m>k$ ) light br[n & deep black4 ,s great is ! atta*m5t ( ^! ,prat9coles = _! mates & "y t we are told1 %\ld "o ( a pair be %ot1 ! o!r at once runs to its companion's side 9 utt] disreg>d ( its own safety4 ,if ! little family are intrud$ on1 ! p>5ts frequ5tly feign to be w\nd$1 or by o!r devices entice ! enemy f ! ne/4 ,! helpless "y1 if al>m$1 cr\* to ! gr\nd1 & are ) difficulty detect$1 ow+ to ! e>?y col\r ( _! d[ny fea!rs2 !y gr[ v rapidly1 & soon atta9 ! plumage ( ! adult birds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,?ick-,,knees 7dicnemi7 con/itute a sub-family ^: memb]s are at once recognisable by _! comp>atively l>ge size1 mod]ately long ?9 neck1 ?ick head1 l>ge eyes1 & a /raight beak ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 ) ! culm5 slightly depress$ & swoll5 at ! tip4 ,! knees are v ?ick1 ! toes ?ree 9 numb]1 & ! w+s1 9 :i* ! second quill is ! longe/1 ( mod]ate size2 ! second>y quills are ( unusual l5g?4 ,! tail is w$ge-%ap$1 & compos$ ( f twelve to f\rte5 fea!rs4 ,^! birds are migratory1 & are met ) 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 ) ! exception ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 op5 moorl&s are ! localities !y pref]1 z af=d+ !m ! l>ge/ supply ( ! small quadrup$s1 reptiles1 worms1 & insects ^u :i* !y subsi/1 & :i* !y seek dur+ ! ev5+ or at night4 ,9 ! daytime ! ,?ick-knees rema9 closely squatt$ b5ea? a /one or any simil> %elt]1 & if di/urb$ fly to a %ort di/ance1 be=e runn+ (f rapidly to "s place ( concealm5t4 ,! female deposits h] two eggs on ! b>e gr\nd2 ! "y are able to foll[ _! p>5ts z soon z !y quit ! %ell4 ,,! ,,common ,,?ick-,,knee1 ,,or ,,/one ,,curlew4 ,! ,,common ,,?ick-,,knee1 or ,,/one ,,curlew 7dicnemus crepitans71 is f sixte5 to sev5te5 in*es long & f tw5ty-n9e to ?irty broad2 ! w+ measures eight in*es & half1 & ! tail ab\t five in*es4 ,! fea!rs ^u ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are r$di% grey1 /rip$ 9 ! c5tre ) blacki% br[n2 ! br[1 a pat* ov] ! eyes & a l9e above & bel[ ! c]e are :ite1 ! "u side & a /ripe on ! upp] w+ are yell[i% :ite1 ! quills black1 & ! tail-fea!rs bord]$ ) black & :ite at _! sides4 ,! eye is gold5 yell[1 ! beak yell[ ) black tip1 ! foot /raw-col\r1 & ! eyelids yell[4 ,! plumage ( ! "y is pr9cipally ( a ru/-r$4 ,^! birds are natives ( ! des]t & b>r5 di/ricts ( ,nor!rn ,africa1 ,we/]n ,asia1 & ,s\!rn ,europe1 be+ especially num]\s 9 ,syria1 ,p]sia1 ,arabia1 & ,india4 ,su* z occupy ! mo/ nor!rn portions ( _! habitat g s\? late 9 ! autumn & return to _! =m] haunts e>ly 9 spr+1 :il/ su* z dwell 9 ! c\ntries wat]$ by ! ,m$it]ranean rema9 ?r\gh\t ! entire ye> 9 ! same localities4 ,9 ,egypt1 not)/&+ _! usual pref]5ce = b>r5 tracts1 ! ,/one ,curlews n only v5ture into t[ns & p]* ^u h\ses1 b occasionally make _! ne/s on ! ro(s1 always provid$ t ! situation be su* z to p]mit !m to h a cle> space ab\t !m1 & an elevat$ p]* f :5ce !y c reconnoitre 9 ord] to elude ! approa* ( dang]4 ,a ne>ly-alli$ species1 resid+ 9 ,s\? ,africa1 frequ5ts ! outskirts ( =e/s1 select+ spots ?ickly cov]$ ) bru%wood1 9 :i* x conceals itself if al>m$4 ,! ,common ,?ick-knee or ,norfolk ,plov]1 z x is call$ 9 ,engl&1 is only a summ] visitor to our c\ntry1 appe>+ 9 ,april & dep>t+ 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,x is mo/ num]\s 9 ! s\? & s\?-we/ p>ts ( our isl&1 & does n g nor? ( ,york%ire4 ,irel& x r>ely visits4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,salmon1 ( ,!t=d1 x is num]\sly di/ribut$ all ov] our w>r5 & fall[ l&s dur+ ! bre$+ season1 :i* comm5ces ab\t ! second week 9 ,april1 ! female deposit+ h] pair ( eggs ^u ! b>e gr\nd1 )\t any ne/ :atev]2 x is g5]ally suppos$ t ! males take no "p 9 ! lab\r ( incubation2 ?is ,i suspect is n ! case4 ,wi%+ to procure = a fri5d a few specim5s 9 _! bre$+ plumage1 ,i employ$ a boy to take !m = me1 ?is he did by ensn>+ !m on ! ne/1 & ! result 0 t all he caught dur+ ! day prov$ ^u dissection to be males4 ,!y assemble 9 flocks previ\s to _! dep>ture1 :i* is usually by ! end ( ,octob]2 b %\ld ! wea!r cont9ue op51 a few w rema9 to a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,i />t$ "o z late z ! #i? ,decemb]1 9 ! autumn ( #ahcd4 ,montague records an in/ance ( ?is bird be+ kill$ 9 ,devon%ire z e>ly z ,febru>y 9 #ahjg4 ,! ,/one ,curlew is s+ul>ly %y & cauti\s 9 avoid+ obs]v]s1 & %\ld x be di/urb$1 at once seeks %elt] by cr\*+ to ! gr\nd2 if /ill foll[$1 x endeav\rs to escape by runn+1 & is r>ely =c$ to h rec\rse to its w+s4 ,its flight is g5tle & easy1 b seldom long su/a9$4 ,dur+ ! day x usually rema9s quiet1 & 9 ,s\? ,africa conceals itself f ! pres5ce ( man almo/ aft] ! mann] ( an ,owl4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 has night set 91 ?an x appe>s 9 q a new "*1 d>t+ lightly ab\t on rapid w+ 9 se>* ( food & wat]1 or runn+ swiftly ov] ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is n uncommon = a pair ( ^! birds to w&] = miles 9 se>* ( a dr9k+-place1 return+ be=e morn+ to _! usual haunts4 ,:il/ ?us actively employ$1 _! cle> resonant call ( cur-lui is con/antly he>d4 ,frogs1 liz>ds1 mice1 & occasionally eggs & small birds =m _! pr9cipal food2 field-mice !y cat* aft] ! mann] ( a cat1 & crun* ! bones previ\s to swall[+ _! prey2 insects !y also kill be=e consum+ !m2 gra9s ( s& & pebbles are employ$ to assi/ ! process ( dige/ion4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( spr+1 battles betwe5 ! males frequ5tly occur 9 ord] to obta9 a desir$ female4 ,! eggs1 f two to ?ree 9 numb]1 are deposit$ ab\t ,april 9 a slight holl[ 9 ! s&1 ^! are ab\t ! size ( ,h5s' eggs & ( ! same %ape1 ) a pale yell[i% %ell1 spott$ & /reak$ ) deep yell[ & blacki% br[n4 ,! female broods & hat*es h] family 9 ab\t sixte5 days2 dur+ ?is "t %e is c>efully gu>d$ by h] wat*ful mate4 ,z soon z ! "y quit ! ne/1 !y foll[ _! p>5t & receive in/ruction 9 ! art ( obta9+ food3 %\ld dang] be at h&1 a cry w>ns !m to seek %elt]1 & !y at once conceal !mselves by ly+ close to ! gr\nd4 ,! ,?ick-knee exhibits consid]able c\rage :5 protect+ its family1 & has be5 se5 to def5d its ne/ ) vig\r aga9/ ! approa* ( %eep or dogs4 ,"o ( ^! birds1 kept by ,brehm ! eld]1 became extraord9>ily tame & ran freely ab\t ! h\se1 te/ify+ ! utmo/ atta*m5t to 8 ma/]1 eat+ f 8 h&1 & all[+ himself to be c>ess$ at pleasure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,plov]s 7,*>adrii7 con/itute a family ( %ort-neck$1 l>ge-head$ birds1 ( small size1 ) mod]ately long1 sl5d]1 b ?ick-jo9t$ legs1 ?ree-to$ feet1 ! h9d] toe be+ ei!r entirely want+ or b slightly develop$ & mu* rais$4 ,! w+s are po9t$ & sl5d]1 ) ! fir/ or second quill long] ?an ! re/1 & ! second>ies prolong$4 ,! %ort tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & slightly r\nd$ at its extremity4 ,! beak1 :i* is r>ely m ?an half z long z ! head1 is s(t at its base & h>d on ! rais$ portion at its extremity4 ,! ?ick compact plumage v>ies 9 ! sexes1 & accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 ,! ,plov]s are met ) 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe1 & :ile "s occupy ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1 frequ5t+ its pla9s & op5 gr\nds1 o!rs pref] ! vic9ity ( ! sea1 or ! m>g9s ( lakes & riv]s1 obta9+ _! food pr9cipally f ! wat]2 o!rs1 aga91 select des]t tracts1 m>%es1 or m\nta9\s di/ricts4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season all live 9 pairs1 b ne> toge!r2 subsequ5tly !y collect toge!r into l>ge p>ties1 :i* gradually increase 9 size z ! season = migrat+ approa*es4 ,9 _! habits ! ,plov]s are usually active2 !y run & fly ) equal facility1 & ?\gh !y r>ely attempt to swim1 are n altoge!r unsuccessful 9 t p>ticul>4 ,almo/ all ! species utt] a pla9tive :i/le1 & dur+ ! bre$+ season c produce a few connect$1 pleas+ notes4 ,! ?ree or f\r pe>-%ap$ v>iegat$ eggs are deposit$ 9 a slight holl[ 9 ! gr\nd1 9 :i* a few blades ( grass are occasionally plac$4 ,bo? p>5ts assi/ 9 ! "w ( incubation4 ,reptiles1 worms1 small quadrup$s1 & insects con/itute ! food ( ^! birds4 ,_! fle% is reg>d$ z a delicacy1 & !y are !re=e objects ( great attraction to ! sportsman1 al?\gh !y (t5 r5d] !mselves extremely tr\blesome by utt]+ _! %rill cry1 & ?us w>n+ _! fea!r$ companions ( ! approa* ( dang]4 ,f ?is habit !y h receiv$ ! "n ( tell-tales4 ,! ,*>adrius c>unculata1 an ,african species1 writes ,liv+/one1 a mo/ plaguey sort ( 'public-spirit$ individual1' foll[s y ev]y:]e1 fly+ ov]head1 & is mo/ p]sev]+ 9 8 attempts to give fair w>n+ to all ! animals )9 he>+ to flee f ! approa* ( dang]4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,plov]4 ,! ,,gold5 ,,plov] 7,*>adrius auratus1 or pluvialis7 is at once recognisable by its sl5d] beak & feet1 po9t$ w+s1 & gold5 plumage4 ,! fea!rs on ! upp] portions ( ! body are black1 ?ickly cov]$ ) small gre5 or gold5 yell[ spots1 ! entire "u side is black4 ,9 ! autumn1 ! ?roat & brea/ are spott$ ) yell[i% grey2 ! belly is :ite2 ! black tail-fea!rs are /reak$ ) :ite2 & ! black ?roat is decorat$ ) a :ite /ripe comm5c+ at ! br[ & m]g+ into ! brea/4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot blacki% grey4 ,?is species is t5 in*es long & tw5ty-two broad2 ! w+ measures sev5 in*es1 & ! tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! ,gold5 ,plov]s are especially num]\s 9 ! cool] portions ( ! globe1 becom+ gradually r>] t[>ds #eg nor? latitude4 ,9 ,engl& !y are g5]ally di/ribut$1 b su* z occupy ! s\!rn p>ts g nor?w>ds to ! high hills & swampy gr\nd ( ,scotl& & ! nor!rn c\nties ( ,engl& dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,^! migrations usually take place at night1 ! birds fly+ at a consid]able height f ! gr\nd4 ,dur+ ! day !y re/ or seek = food1 &1 /rangely en\gh1 select n _! usually fav\rite m>%es1 b fields & cultivat$ gr\nd4 ,^! ,plov]s are brisk & nimble1 runn+ ) great rapidity1 & fly+1 n only swiftly1 b gracefully4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation !y indulge 9 a v>iety ( elegant gyrations 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ne/1 & _! pla9tive1 cle> :i/le is he>d to mo/ advantage at t season4 ,worms1 l>v1 beetles1 snails1 & slugs con/itute _! pr9cipal n\ri%m5t1 & 9 ord] to assi/ dige/ion small pebbles are also swall[$4 ,wat] w\ld appe> to be a real necess>y ( life to ^! birds1 z !y love to wa% & cleanse _! fea!rs 9 x daily4 ,! eggs1 g5]ally f\r 9 numb]1 h a yell[i%1 /one-col\r$ %ell1 m>k$ & spott$ ) br[ni% black4 ,^! are deposit$ 9 a slight holl[ 9 ! gr\nd1 l9$ ) a few fibres or blades ( grass4 ,! "y leave ! ne/ imm$iately aft] quitt+ ! %ell1 & foll[ _! p>5ts = ab\t a mon?1 aft] :i* "t !y are able to fly & seek = food on _! own acc\nt4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ! fa!r assi/s 9 ! incubation ( ! eggs4 ,macgillivray gives ! foll[+ graphic description ( ! p>5tal affection obs]vable 9 ! male birds1 z witness$ by himself on "s hea?-cov]$ m\nta94 ,pres5tly a breeze rolls away ! mi/1 & discloses a numb] ( ^! wat*ful s5t9els1 ea* on 8 m\nd ( fad$ moss1 & all emitt+ _! mell[ cries ! mom5t we (f] to advance4 ,!y are males1 ^: mates are brood+ ov] _! eggs1 or lead+ _! d[n-clad & toddl+ *icks among ! 7to !m7 pleasant peat-bogs t int]v5e betwe5 ! high banks1 clad ) luxuriant hea? n yet recov]$ f ! effects ( ! w9t] fro/s1 & little mead[s ( cotton-grass1 :ite z ! sn[-wrea?s t lie on ! hills4 ,h[ prettily !y run ov] ! grey moss & li*5s1 _! little feet tw9kl+1 & _! full1 bright1 & s(t eyes gleam+ z !y comm5ce _! attempts to entice u away f _! *os5 retreats4 ,! attempts to lure intrud]s f _! ne/1 above allud$ to1 consi/ 9 a mo/ excell5t feign+ ( be+ desp]ately w\nd$ & unable to fly1 or by affect+ to h lam$ a leg1 & ?us entic+ ! enemy to foll[ ! cunn+ bird1 z x sl[ly retreats 9 an opposite direction to t occupi$ by its belov$ prog5y4 ,:5 ! "y are able to fly1 ! ,plov]s associate 9 flocks1 :i* rema9 on ! moors till w9t] beg9s1 :5 !y quit !m = pa/ure l&s4 ,z ! season advances1 & ! cold becomes sev]e1 !y desc5d to ! coa/1 & usually rema9 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sea dur+ ! w9t]4 ,occasionally !y are s tame t1 accord+ to ! au?ority above quot$1 !y w all[ a sportsman to approa* )9 fifte5 y>ds1 & ev5 walk ar\nd !m sev]al times 9 ord] to drive !m toge!r be=e tak+ aim4 ,9 w9dy wea!r1 cont9ues ,macgillivray1 !y (t5 re/ by ly+ flat on ! gr\nd1 & ,i h reason to ?9k t at night ?is is ! g5]al practice4 ,9 ! ,hebrides ,i h (t5 gone to %oot !m by moonlight1 :5 !y seem$ z actively engag$ z 9 ! day1 :i* 0 also ! case ) ! ,snipes1 b ,i seldom succe$$ 9 my object1 x be+ extremely difficult to e/imate ! di/ance at night4 ,! numb]s t at ?is season frequ5t ! s&y pa/ures & %ores ( ! out] ,hebrides is a/oni%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,plov] 7,*>adrius auratus71 ,,& ,,! ,,dott]el 7,eudromias ,mor9ellus74 ,! ,gold5 ,plov] is 9 great reque/ = ! table1 & is 9 p]fection ab\t ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,! specific "n ( pluvialis has be5 giv5 to ! ,gold5 ,plov] on acc\nt ( ! extraord9>y re/lessness x exhibits be=e bad wea!r4 ,a v rem>kable in/ance ( ?is *>act]i/ic is giv5 by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,lubbock1 9 8 ,fauna ( ,norfolk4 ,accord+ to t g5tleman1 he 0 mu* /ruck by ! p]petual :eel+1 n[ high1 n[ l[1 ( a l>ge flock ( ^! birds "o f9e bright day at ! end ( ,decemb]4 ,!y 7 n /ill = a mom5t1 & yet !re appe>$ to be no cause = su* unwont$ di/urbance4 ,all next day !y 7 9 ! same /ate ( upro>1 & on ! foll[+ morn+1 :i* 0 z calm & mild z ! prec$+1 ! ,plov]s _h all dep>t$4 ,ab\t five o'clock 9 ! morn+1 on ! same day1 ! w9d began to h[l1 signs ( a sev]e tempe/ set 91 & by ! ev5+ s mu* sn[ _h fall5 t 9 "s places ! drifts 7 six or sev5 feet 9 dep?4 ,,! ,,r+$ ,,plov]4 ,! ,,r+$ ,,plov] 7,*>adrius hiaticula7 is light br[ni% a%-col\r on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body2 ! l>ge w+-cov]s be+ tipp$ ) :ite2 ! ?roat & belly are :ite1 ! =m] hav+ a black pat* ^u its front2 ! *eeks are black1 divid$ betwe5 ! eyes by a :ite l9e2 ! quills are dusky1 "p ( ! %afts & ! web at ! base be+ :ite4 ,( ! twelve fea!rs t compose ! tail1 ! two c5tre ones are br[n1 ) d>k tips1 ! ?ree next black t[>ds ! end1 ! next "o only br[n on ! inn] web1 & ! out] "o entirely :ite4 ,! claws are black1 ! eyes hazel1 & ! feet orange1 ! beak is orange1 tipp$ ) black4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ^! col\rs are less bright & ! black ^u ! ?roat comp>atively v pale4 ,! female has less :ite ^u ! front & m ^u ! w+s1 & h] plumage g5]ally is ( a m c9]ace\s br[n4 ,! "y are dusky black & )\t ! :ite on ! front2 _! bill is dusky1 & _! foot yell[i% br[n4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is sev5 in*es & half1 & ! span ( ! w+1 sixte5 in*es2 ! bill measures "o in* & half4 ,! ,r+$ ,plov] is abundantly met ) 9 ,g]many & ,holl&1 & is also f\nd 9 ,france & ,italy2 dur+ ! summ] x visits ,russia & ,sib]ia1 :il/ 9 ,great ,brita9 x rema9s ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 be+ especially num]\s 9 all su* p>ts ( our coa/ z are well cov]$ ) s& & %+le4 ,?is species has1 h[ev]1 be5 kn[n to bre$ 9 ! s&y w>r5s ( ,norfolk & ,suffolk1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! sea4 ,! food ( ?is ,plov] consi/s ( insects1 worms1 & small cru/aceans4 ,! f\r eggs laid by ! female are deposit$ ne> ! sea1 9 a hole 9 ! s&1 above high-wat] m>k2 occasionally ?is cavity is l9$ ) t9y /ones1 ( ab\t ! size ( a pea1 & f ?is circum/ance has be5 d]iv$ ! "n ( ,/one ,hat*1 by :i* ! bird is kn[n 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,! eggs h a c9]ace\s br[n %ell1 spott$ ) black & greyi% blue4 ,if di/urb$ :ile brood+1 ! p>5ts at once feign lam5ess1 & anxi\sly endeav\r to lead intrud]s away f _! little family4 ,! note ( ! ,r+$ ,plov] is a %rill :i/le4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,dott$ ,,plov]s 7,eudromias7 =m a di/9ct gr\p1 hav+ _! high /raight beak compress$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] m&ible1 & ( great] l5g? ?an _! l>ge head4 ,a portion ( ! w+ is mu* prolong$1 & ! t>sus cov]$ ) horny plates4 ,! dott$ plumage is v simil> 9 ! v>i\s species4 ,,! ,,dott$ ,,plov]1 ,,or ,,dott]el4 ,! ,,dott$ ,,plov]1 or ,,dott]el 7,eudromias ,mor9ellus71 has a g>b well suit$ to ! rocky haunts t x frequ5ts4 ,! fea!rs on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are ( a blacki% %ade1 edg$ ) ru/-r$2 ! grey head is sep>at$ f ! ru/-r$ brea/ by a n>r[ :ite & a black l9e2 ! l[] brea/ is black 9 its c5tre1 & ! belly :ite2 a broad light /ripe passes ov] ! eyes to ! nape4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot gre5i% yell[4 ,9 autumn ! upp] portions ( ! body are deep grey1 ! fea!rs on ! cr[n ( ! head black & ru/-yell[1 & ! /ripe ov] ! eyes pale ru/-yell[2 ! upp] brea/ is grey & ! re/ ( ! "u side :ite4 ,! female resembles h] mate1 b is less beautifully col\r$4 ,?is species is f eight in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s to n9e in*es long1 & eighte5 broad2 ! w+ measures five in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s2 & ! tail two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,! ,dott]els inhabit ! m\nta9\s tracts ( ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe1 & are occasionally se5 at an altitude ( t5 ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,dur+ ! w9t] !y w&] s\?2 r>ely1 h[ev]1 go+ beyond ! c\ntries bord]+ ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,^! migrations take place 9 ,augu/1 & are c>ri$ on 9 flocks1 :i* travel bo? by day & night4 ,! homew>d j\rney is n comm5c$ e>li] ?an ,april4 ,! ,dott]el visits ,great ,brita9 dur+ ! summ]1 appe>+ fir/ 9 ! s\?-ea/]n "p ( ,engl&4 ,x seldom goes f> we/1 b takes a nor!rn c\rse1 & always inhabits high gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,hey%am1 ( ,c>lisle1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! habits ( ?is bird1 drawn f 8 own obs]vation3-- ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,c>lisle1 ,dott]els seldom make _! appe>ance be=e ! middle ( ,may1 ab\t :i* "t !y are occasionally se5 9 diff]5t localities 9 flocks :i* v>y 9 numb] f five to fifte51 & almo/ inv>iably resort to hea?s1 b>r5 pa/ures1 fall[ l&s1 c41 9 op5 & expos$ situations1 :]e !y cont9ue1 if unmole/$1 f t5 days to a =tnight1 & !n retire to ! m\nta9s & ! vic9ity ( lakes to incubate4 ,! mo/ fav\rite bre$+ haunts ( ^! birds are always ne> to1 or on ! summits (1 ! highe/ m\nta9s1 p>ticul>ly ^? t are d5sely cov]$ ) ! woolly fr+e-moss 7,trico/omum lanug9osum71 :i*1 inde$1 gr[s m or less pr(usely on ne>ly all ! mo/ elevat$ p>ts ( ?is alp9e di/rict4 ,9 ^! lonely places !y con/antly reside ! :ole ( ! bre$+ season1 a consid]able "p ( ! "t envelop$ 9 cl\ds1 & daily soak$ ) ra9 or ! dr5*+ mi/ s extremely preval5t 9 ^! dre>y regions4 ,! ,dott]el is by no means a solit>y bird at ?is "t1 z a few pairs usually associate toge!r1 & live to all appe>ance 9 ! greate/ h>mony4 ,^! birds d n make any ne/1 b deposit _! eggs1 :i* seldom exce$ ?ree 9 numb]1 9 a cavity on dry gr\nd cov]$ ) vegetation1 & g5]ally ne> a mod]ate-siz$ /one or fragm5t ( rock4 ,9 e>ly seasons old females w occasionally lay _! eggs ab\t ! #bf? ( ,may1 b ! great] "p seldom comm5ce be=e ! fir/ or second week 9 ,june2 !y appe>1 h[ev]1 to v>y greatly 9 ?is respect4 ,! male assi/s 9 ! incubation ( ! "y4 ,a week previ\s to _! dep>ture1 cont9ues ! same obs]v]1 !y congregate 9 flocks1 & cont9ue toge!r until !y f9ally leave ?is c\ntry1 :i* is sometimes dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,augu/1 at o!rs n be=e ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,a few birds are1 no d\bt1 occasionally se5 aft] ?is p]iod1 b !y are ei!r late broods1 or birds t are return+ f m nor!rn latitudes4 ,) reg>d to _! mann]s1 ,mr4 ,hey%am says3--,on ! #crd ( ,july we f\nd two or ?ree pairs ne> ! mo/ elevat$ portion ( ?is m\nta92 & on all our visits ?i!r1 :e!r e>ly 9 ! morn+ or late 9 ! aft]noon1 ! great] "p 7 always se5 ne> ! same place1 sitt+ on ! gr\nd4 ,:5 fir/ discov]$1 !y p]mitt$ u to approa* )9 a %ort di/ance )\t %[+ any symptoms ( al>m1 & frequ5tly aft]w>ds1 :5 )9 a few paces wat*+ _! movem5ts1 "s w\ld move sl[ly ab\t & pick up an insect1 o!rs w\ld rema9 motionless1 n[ & !n /ret*+ out _! w+s1 & a few w\ld occasionally tug ) ea* o!r1 at ! same "t utt]+ a few notes :i* _h "s resemblance to ^? ( ! ,common ,l9net4 ,9 %ort1 !y appe>$ to be s v indiff]5t ) reg>d to our pres5ce1 t at la/ my assi/ant c\ld n avoid exclaim+1 ',:at /upid birds ^! are6' ,! female t _h "y nev]!less ev9c$ consid]able anxiety = _! safety1 :5ev] we came ne> ! place :]e !y 7 conceal$1 & z long z we rema9$ 9 ! vic9ity1 %e con/antly flew to & fro above u1 utt]+ h] note ( al>m4 ,z soon z ! "y birds 7 fully fea!r$1 two 7 kill$ = ! purpose ( exam9+ _! plumage 9 ?is /ate1 & we f\nd t aft] !y _h be5 fir$ at once or twice !y became m w>y1 & ev5tually we _h "s little difficulty 9 approa*+ suffici5tly ne> to effect our purpose4 ,! /oma*s ,i dissect$ 7 all fill$ ) ! elytra & rema9s ( small coleopt]\s insects1 :i* 9 all probability con/itute _! pr9cipal food dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,! pe>-%ap$ eggs ( ! ,dott]el are ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 & h a smoo? lu/reless %ell1 ( a pale yell[i% br[n or gre5i% hue1 irregul>ly spott$ ) :ite4 ,^u "o occasion we accid5tally di/urb$ a brood1 & hav+ tak5 ! "y 9 our h& & %[n !m to ! "m1 %e at once boldly ruffl$ h] fea!rs1 %ook h] w+s1 & endeav\r$ to excite pity by a v>iety ( ge/iculations4 ,no soon] 7 ! prison]s releas$ ?an %e utt]$ a cry ( delight1 & ga!r$ !m "u h] w+s1 aft] ! mann] ( a ,b>n-door ,f[l4 ,! fle% ( ?is ,plov] is extremely delicate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,%ore ,,plov]s 7gialites7 occupy ! s&y or gravelly %ores ( riv]s on ! sea-coa/1 & are *>act]is$ by _! comp>atively small size1 delicate beaks1 long po9t$ w+s1 & ! uni=m hue ( ! s&y plumage on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body4 ,! "u side is :ite1 & ! neck encircl$ by a b&4 ,,! ,,little ,,%ore ,,plov]1 ,,or ,,little ,,r+$ ,,plov]4 ,! ,,little ,,%ore ,,plov]1 or ,,little ,,r+$ ,,plov] 7gialites m9or71 z ! be/ kn[n species is call$1 sc>cely exce$s a ,l>k 9 size2 ! l5g? ( ! body be+ ab\t six in*es & a half1 & ! span ( ! w+ eighte5 in*es4 ,! w+ measures f\r in*es & "o-?ird1 & ! tail ?ree in*es & "o-?ird4 ,9 ?is bird ! *eeks1 cr[n ( ! head1 & upp] portions ( ! plumage are e>?y grey1 ! "u side is :ite z f> z ! ?roat1 r\nd :i* passes a black b&2 ! quills1 bridles1 & a /reak on ! br[ are also black4 ,! latt] is b\nd$ by a :ite l9e1 :i* is aga9 edg$ ) black4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ) a circle ar\nd x ( ,k+'s yell[2 ! beak is black1 & ! foot r$di% grey4 ,all ^! col\rs are pal] 9 ! female4 ,! "y are )\t ! black coll> on ! neck4 ,?is species is met ) ?r\gh\t ,europe1 almo/ ! :ole ( ,asia1 & a great portion ( ! ,african cont95t4 ,x1 h[ev]1 only visits ! m s\!rn c\ntries dur+ ! c\rse ( its migrations1 :i* ext5d f ,augu/ & ,septemb] to ,m>* or ,april4 ,s\!rn ,europe is1 we believe1 ! f>!/ po9t at :i* x is kn[n to bre$4 ,9 ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe x almo/ exclusively frequ5ts ! ru%-cov]$ banks ( m>%y wat] at "s di/ance f ! sea1 b occasionally1 dur+ ! w9t] j\rney+s1 :i* !y make 9 l>ge flocks1 ^! birds are se5 ^u ! coa/4 ,! ,little ,r+$ ,plov] is r>e 9 ,great ,brita94 ,mr4 ,g\ld says1 ,we are indebt$ to our fri5d ,mr4 ,d\bl$ay1 ( ,epp+1 = ! loan ( an example ( ?is elegant little ,plov]1 :i* he in=ms u 0 tak5 at ,%oreham1 9 ,sussex4 ,f ! extreme y\? ( ! specim5 transmitt$ to u1 x is cle> t x mu/ h be5 br$ on ! spot4 ,! food ( ?is species consi/s ( v>i\s insects1 l>v1 mussels1 & simil> f>e4 ,!y dr9k mu*1 ba! freely once or twice a day1 & frequ5tly obta9 _! prey f "u /ones 9 or ne> ! wat]4 ,9 _! habits !y closely resemble su* ( _! bre?r5 z we h already describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lapw+1 ,,or ,,peewit 7,vanellus cri/atus74 ,! f\r pretty little pale r$di%-yell[ eggs h a delicate lu/reless %ell1 m>k$ & dott$ ) grey & blacki% br[n1 & are deposit$ 9 a slight holl[ on a gravelly or pebbly bank1 at su* a height z to be 9 no dang] f ! ris+ ( ! wat]4 ,dur+ f9e days1 ! p>5ts leave ! brood expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun1 b 9 ra9y wea!r & at night !y %>e ! lab\r ( incubation1 & sit con/antly4 ,! "y are hat*$ 9 sixte5 or sev5te5 days1 & leave ! ne/ z soon z _! plumage is dry1 & 9 a few days beg9 to pick food4 ,9 a few days m !y are able to support !mselves1 b rema9 ) _! p>5ts dur+ ! fir/ migration4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,lapw+s1 or ,,peewits 7,vanelli71 repres5t a family ( birds *>act]is$ by _! size1 ! /r5g? ( _! beak1 & ! height ( ! t>si4 ,! foot is1 9 _m in/ances1 furni%$ ) f\r toes4 ,9 "s species ! head is adorn$ ) a cre/2 "s h spurs on ! w+s1 & o!rs a rem>kable developm5t ( sk9 at ! corn]s ( ! beak4 ,! sexes are ne>ly alike1 & ! "y spe$ily atta9 ! plumage ( ! adult bird4 ,! ,peewits occupy e latitude1 & are met ) 9 ! mo/ div]se situations1 = :il/ "s species exclusively seek ! vic9ity ( wat] or m>%y gr\nd1 o!rs frequ5t arid pla9s or ! burn+ s&s ( ! des]t4 ,9 disposition !y are lively1 & possess su* a re/less curiosity conc]n+ e object ar\nd !m z frequ5tly r5d]s !m mo/ tr\blesome to ! sportsman1 ^: insidi\s approa* !y at once proclaim to all _! fea!r$ companions4 ,all ! memb]s ( ?is family1 ?\gh social 9 _! habits1 live almo/ con/antly 9 pairs1 :i* rema9 toge!r ev5 dur+ ! w9t] migrations2 inde$1 x is probable t at ?is season ev5 ! "y h ea* a *os5 companion4 ,insects1 worms1 & simil> f>e af=d !m ! means ( subsi/5ce2 b !y also occasionally consume se$s1 "y leaves1 & %oots4 ,! ne/ is m]ely a holl[ 9 ! gr\nd m or less slightly l9$1 & conta9s f\r eggs4 ,! fle% ( ^! birds is h>d & indige/ible4 ,,! ,,peewit1 ,,or ,,lapw+4 ,! ,,peewit1 or ,,lapw+ 7,vanellus cri/atus71 repres5ts a division ( ! above gr\p hav+ f\r toes ^u ! foot1 blunt w+s1 & a cre/ ^u ! head4 ,! cr[n1 =e "p ( ! ?roat1 upp] brea/1 & half ! tail1 are glossy black2 ! mantle-fea!rs deep gre51 ) a blue or purple gloss2 ! sides ( ! neck1 l[] brea/1 body1 & l[] half ( ! tail are :ite1 & "s ( ! fea!rs on ! upp] & l[] tail-cov]s d>k ru/y yell[4 ,! cre/ is compos$ ( long n>r[ fea!rs4 ,! female has a small] cre/1 & ! =e p>ts ( ! ?roat spott$ black & :ite4 ,! "y resemble ! "m1 b are dull] 9 _! t9ts1 & h broad ru/-yell[ fea!rs on ! upp] portion ( ! body4 ,9 all ! eye is br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot dirty r$4 ,?is species is ?irte5 in*es long & tw5ty-sev5 broad2 ! w+ measures eight in*es & a half1 & ! tail f\r in*es4 7,see ,col\r$ ,plate ,,xxxiii47 ,! ,lapw+ occupies a wide range1 ext5d+ f #fa nor? latitude1 z f> z ,nor!rn ,india & ,nor? ,africa4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,*9a x is z common z 9 ,great ,brita94 ,"s writ]s are ( op9ion t ?is ,peewit bre$s 9 ,spa91 b1 accord+ to our own obs]vations1 x only appe>s 9 t l& at ! end ( ,octob]1 & leaves aga9 to g nor? at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*4 ,radde m5tions hav+ se5 x on ! ,amur1 be+ p>ticul>ly num]\s at ,t>ai-,noor2 /range to say1 su* z he obs]v$ did n rema9 9 ! vic9ity ( ! wat] dur+ ! summ]1 b occupi$ dry & b>r5 /eppes ?r\gh\t ! :ole season ( incubation4 ,9 ,india1 accord+ to ,j]don1 ?is species is only f\nd 9 ! ,punjaub1 :]e x bre$s4 ,! ,peewit is especially num]\s 9 ,holl&1 & is g5]ally di/ribut$ ov] ! ,briti% ,isles1 except 9 ! extreme nor? ( ,scotl& & ! ,hebrides1 ev]y:]e occupy+ moorl&s1 d[ns1 & swampy l&s1 & deposit+ its f\r eggs 9 a slight holl[1 :i* is l9$ ) a few /raws or blades ( grass4 ,! eggs are pyri=m1 & h a pale br[ni% yell[ or olive-col\r$ %ell1 prettily spott$ & m>k$ ) br[ni% black4 ,! "y leave ! ne/ z soon z !y are hat*$1 & if al>m$1 at once take refuge 9 ! moss or grass4 ,bo? p>5ts exhibit great affection & anxiety = _! "y1 & %\ld a /rang] v5ture to approa* ! ne/1 fly ar\nd him1 & use e endeav\r to lure him f ! spot1 sometimes runn+ z if lame1 or flutt]+ z ?\gh ) a brok5 w+ to tempt pursuit2 nev]!less1 9 spite ( all h] arts1 ! ,lapw+'s ne/ is frequ5tly rifl$1 & numb]s ( eggs are s5t to ! ,london m>ket4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,selby1 ! trade ( collect+ !m cont9ues ab\t two mon?s1 & great exp]tness 9 ! discov]y ( ! ne/s is %[n by ^? accu/om$ to x4 ,!y g5]ally judge ( _! situation pretty accurately by ! conduct ( ! female birds1 :o1 ^u be+ di/urb$1 inv>iably fly f ! ne/1 & !n run ne> ! gr\nd = a %ort di/ance )\t utt]+ any al>m cry4 ,! males on ! contr>y are v clamor\s1 & fly r\nd ! intrud]1 endeav\r+ by v>i\s in/9ctive arts to div]t 8 att5tion4 ,s exp]t1 says ano!r obs]v]1 h "s m5 become1 t !y w n only walk /raight to a ne/ :i* may be at a consid]able di/ance1 b tell ! probable numb] ( eggs x may conta91 g5]ally judg+ ( ! situation & numb] ( eggs by ! conduct ( ! female bird4 ,:5 ! "y are re>$1 ! ,lapw+s associate 9 flocks :i*1 at ! end ( autumn1 ex*ange ! high] moorl&s = l[] gr\nd1 & frequ5t ! pl\gh$ fields4 ,:5 go+ to a di/ance1 !y fly ) spe$ (t5 9 an irregul> body1 b sometimes 9 l9es1 alight+ 9 sil5ce aft] v>i\s evolutions4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,m>* !y return to high] gr\nd1 aga9 to resume _! family duties4 ,! ,lapw+ fe$s on worms1 insects1 slugs1 & l>v1 & on ?is acc\nt is frequ5tly kept 9 g>d5s2 b :5 ?us dome/icat$1 x ne$s a supply ( food1 :5 w9try fro/s deb> x f its usual diet4 ,! two ,engli% names ( ?is bird h be5 d]iv$ f its mo/ /rik+ peculi>ities1 ! "o1 ,peewit1 f its s+ul> cry1 & ! o!r1 ,lapw+1 f ! /range1 rem>kable flapp+ ( its w+s dur+ flight4 ,,! ,,spur-,,w+$ ,,lapw+4 ,! ,,spur-,,w+$ ,,lapw+ 7,hoplopt]us sp9osus7 is *>act]is$ by a spur-l app5dage on its w+s1 its long legs1 ?ree-to$ feet1 a blunt cre/ ^u ! head1 & its comp>atively po9t$ w+1 9 :i* ! second quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?4 ,9 ?is species ! mantle is greyi% br[n1 "p ( ! head & ! "u side are black2 ! sides ( ! head1 ?roat1 belly1 & ! nape & region ( ! w+s are all :ite2 ! prim>y quills & tail-fea!rs are pr9cipally tipp$ ) black1 "s ( ! l>ge/ fea!rs on ! w+-cov]s & two entire tail-fea!rs be+ :ite4 ,! sexes are alike 9 plumage1 & d n v>y 9 _! t9ts at any season ( ! ye>4 ,?is bird is v common 9 ,egypt1 :]e x usually occupies ! vic9ity ( wat]2 nev]!less x entirely avoids ! sea-coa/1 b occasionally soj\rns ne> lakes ( bracki% wat]4 ,9 ! nor!rn portion ( ,c5tral ,africa x is con/antly se51 b is r>e 9 ,nubia1 ,ea/]n ,s\dan1 & ,habes*4 ,dur+ ! spr+ & autumn x sometimes w&]s z f> z ,greece1 &1 accord+ to ,l9d]may]1 is occasionally met ) !re on ! sea-coa/4 ,:e!r x also bre$s 9 ,greece1 is at pres5t unc]ta94 ,?is bird1 call$ ,siksak by ! ,arabs1 9 imitation ( its peculi> cry1 is sometimes errone\sly suppos$ to be ! bird allud$ to by ,h]odotus1 z cle>+ ! p>asites f ! tee? ( ! crocodile4 ,?is mi/ake has no d\bt aris5 f ! fact t x frequ5tly occupies ! s&banks on :i* ^! mon/]s repose1 & is (t5 se5 runn+ fe>lessly ov] & ab\t _! huge bodies4 ,l ! re/ ( _! bre?r51 ^! ,lapw+s r5d] !mselves mo/ obnoxi\s to ! naturali/ or sportsman1 by ! p]t9acity ) :i* !y w>n all _! companions ( ! approa* ( dang]1 & by ?us con/antly annoy+ him1 de/roy ! impression ( pleasure t ! grace & ease ( _! movem5ts w\ld o!rwise excite4 ,day & night ?is re/lessness cont9ues1 & has giv5 rise to a leg5d among ! ,arabs t ?is torm5t+ little bird receiv$ ! curse ( p]petual sleeplessness1 toge!r ) ! spur ^u its %\ld]1 z a puni%m5t = =m] indol5t habits4 ,t[>ds its fea!r$ associates x exhibits ! same irritable demean\r1 frequ5tly attack+ ev5 su* z are l>g] ?an itself ) a/oni%+ boldness1 & (t5 inflict+ s]i\s damage ) its arm$ w+4 ,insects1 worms1 mussels1 & s&1 are usually f\nd on dissection 9 its /oma*4 ,its fle% is v unpalatable4 ,! p]iod ( incubation comm5ces ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,9 ,egypt a moi/ field is usually select$ by a bre$+ pair1 :il/ on ! ,upp] ,nile s&banks are pref]r$4 ,! eggs are small] ?an ^? ( ! ,european ,lapw+1 & are col\r$ ) mix$ gre51 yell[ & grey1 m>k$ ) blacki% br[n spots1 :i* d n ext5d ov] ! n>r[ end4 ,we h f\nd z _m z six eggs 9 "o ne/1 b possibly !y 7 deposit$ by m ?an "o female4 ,occasionally we h se5 e>? /rewn on ! ne/1 b :e!r ?is 0 ! result ( accid5t or design we c\ld n asc]ta94 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ ! "y are cov]$ ) greyi% d[n1 b soon acquire plumage simil> to t ( ! adults1 & leave ! ne/ v %ortly aft] quitt+ ! %ell4 ,l o!rs ( _! k9d1 !y run ) a/oni%+ rapidity1 & conceal !mselves ) great dext]ity at ! approa* ( dang]4 ,z reg>ds _! movem5ts & habits1 ^! ,lapw+s resemble su* species z we h already describ$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,lappet$ ,,peewits 7,s>ciophorus7 are recognisable by ! sk9-l app5dages at ! base ( ! beak1 & by a horny excresc5ce at ! jo9t ( ! w+2 ! p[]ful bill is mod]ately long & ! foot r l>ge2 ! h9d] toe is b slightly develop$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,spur-,,w+$ ,,lapw+ 7,hoplopt]us sp9osus74 ,,! ,,lappet$ ,,peewit4 ,! ,,lappet$ ,,peewit 7,s>ciophorus pileatus7 is r$di% grey on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body & :ite on ! nape & "u side2 ! head1 ?roat1 tips ( ! quills & tail-fea!rs are black4 ,! eye is a beautiful gold5 yell[1 ! beak blood-r$ at its base & black at ! tip1 & ! foot r$4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is t5 in*es & two-?irds1 & ! bread? tw5ty-f\r in*es2 ! w+ measures six in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & ! tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,^! birds occupy b>r5 pla9s & live 9 pairs or small families4 ,dur+ our travels ?r\gh ,bahiuda & ,cord(ania we saw !m daily1 & ^u "o occasion met ) !m 9 ! ,sam*>a1 seek+ = insects among ! dropp+s ( ! cattle4 ,9 _! habits !y resemble bo? ! ,common & ,spurr$ ,peewit1 _! flight be+ simil> to t ( ! latt] bird4 ,9 disposition !y are %y & w>y4 ,we 7 unable to obta9 fur!r p>ticul>s conc]n+ !m4 ,,! ,,turn/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cc4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,! ,,lapw+ ,,vanellus ,,cri/atus 7ab\t "o half ,nat4 size7 ,! ,,turn/one 7,/repsilas int]pres7 is ! repres5tative ( a sub-family1 *>act]is$ by _! p[]ful body1 %ort neck1 comp>atively l>ge & high-br[$ head1 & long po9t$ w+1 9 :i* ! fir/ quill is ! longe/1 "s ( ! fea!rs be+ ( unusual l5g?4 ,! tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 is sc>cely ( m$ium size1 & has a g5tly-r\nd$ tip2 ! conical beak is %ort] ?an ! head1 curves slightly upw>ds1 & is flatt5$ at its culm52 ! %ort legs are p[]ful2 ! foot furni%$ ) f\r toes2 & ! brightly-col\r$ plumage ?ick & compact4 ,dur+ summ] ! adult male has ! br[1 *eeks1 a broad coll> on ! nape1 ! l[] "p ( ! back1 ! ?roat1 fea!rs ( ! l[] w+-cov]s1 & a /ripe above ! w+s ( a pure :ite2 a l9e comm5c+ ne> ! br[ & pass+ ne> ! eyes to ! ?roat1 ! =e "p & sides ( ! neck & brea/ is black2 ! mantle-fea!rs are spott$ black & r$1 & ^? on ! cr[n /rip$ black & :ite2 ! fea!rs ( ! w+-cov]s are *e/nut-br[n1 spott$ ) black1 ! quills blacki%1 & ! tail-fea!rs :ite at ! roots & tip1 ) a broad black /ripe ne> ! extremity2 ! rump also %[s a broad br[n /ripe4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak black1 & foot orange-yell[4 ,?is species is n9e in*es long & eighte5 across ! span ( ! w+2 ! w+ measures six in*es & ! tail six in*es & a half4 ,9 ! "y ! plumage is a mixture ( blacki% br[n & ru/-yell[1 ! =e "p ( ! body be+ greyi% black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,turn/one 7,/repsilas int]pres74 ,^! birds are met ) 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 ev]y:]e occupy+ ! sea-coa/4 ,9 ,sc&9avia1 ,icel&1 & ,gre5l&1 !y appe> at ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may & leave aga9 ab\t ! end ( ! la/ week ( ,augu/1 at :i* "t !y occur on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,!y visit ,engl& regul>ly1 rema9+ dur+ ! w9t] & go+ nor? to bre$4 ,!y are re/less & active birds1 & run rapidly1 ) w+s l[]$1 b usually only = a %ort di/ance1 paus+ f "t to "t1 = a few mom5ts1 9 ! c\rse ( _! swift c>e]2 _! flight is easy1 & accompani$ by a v>iety ( graceful evolutions4 ,_! cry1 :i* is %rill & p5etrat+1 is utt]$ ) su* v>i\s degrees ( rapidity1 z to produce v diff]5t effects4 ,9 disposition !y are cauti\s & usually %y4 ,audubon /ates t he _h ocul> demon/ration ( ! fact1 t1 z its "n imports1 ?is species actually turns ov] /ones & o!r objects to se>* = food1 & gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! proce$+s ( f\r ( ^! birds1 :i* he obs]v$ on ! bea* ( ,gave/on ,isl&1 :il/ he 0 engag$ toge!r ) a sailor 9 c>ry+ ! c>case ( a de] to be wa%$3--,!y m]ely1 he says1 ran a little di/ance out ( our c\rse1 & on our return+ came back imm$iately to ! same place2 ?is !y did f\r diff]5t times1 & aft] we 7 done rema9$ busily engag$ 9 se>*+ = food4 ,none ( !m 7 m ?an fifte5 or tw5ty y>ds di/ant1 & ,i 0 delight$ to see ! +5uity ) :i* !y turn$ ov] ! oy/]-%ells1 clods ( mud1 & o!r small bodies left expos$ by ! retir+ tide4 ,:5ev] ! object 0 n too l>ge1 ! bird b5t its legs to half _! l5g?1 plac$ its bill b5ea? x1 & ) a sudd51 quick j]k ( ! head pu%$ x (f1 :5 x quickly pick$ up ! food :i* 0 ?us expos$ to view1 & walk$ delib]ately to ! next %ell to p]=m ! same op]ation4 ,9 "s in/ances :5 ! clu/]s ( oy/]-%ells or clods ( mud 7 too heavy to be remov$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 !y w\ld n only use ! bill & head1 b also ! brea/1 pu%+ ! object ) all _! /r5g?1 & rem9d+ me ( ! lab\r :i* ,i h und]gone 9 turn+ ov] a l>ge turtle4 ,among ! seawe$s :i* _h be5 ca/ on ! %ore !y us$ only ! bill1 toss+ ! g>bage f side to side ) a dext]ity extremely pleasant to behold4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i saw ^! f\r ,turn/ones exam9e almo/ e portion ( ! %ore1 along a space ( f ?irty to =ty y>ds2 aft] :i* ,i drove !m away1 t our hunt]s might n kill !m on _! return4 ,^u ! coa/ ( ,cape ,may & ,egg ,h>b\r ?is species is kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,horsefoot ,snipe1 f ! fact t x subsi/s dur+ a portion ( ! summ] almo/ entirely on ! spawn & eggs ( ! great k+ crab1 call$ by ! common p ! horsefoot4 ,?is spawn may (t5 be se5 by bu%els 9 ! holl[s & eddies on ! coa/4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ^! birds retire to high nor!rn latitudes1 s t _! mode ( nidification 0 long a my/]y1 until ,mr4 ,hewitson1 :o made dilig5t se>* = ! ,turn/one's ne/ on ! coa/ ( ,norway1 0 at la/ successful4 ,we _h1 he writes1 visit$ num]\s isl&s ) little enc\ragem5t1 & 7 ab\t to l& ^u a flat rock1 b>e1 except :]e "h & !re grew tufts ( grass or /unt$ junip] cl++ to its surface1 :5 our att5tion 0 attract$ by ! s+ul> cry ( a ,turn/one1 :i* 9 its eag] wat* _h se5 our approa* & p]*$ itself ^u an em95ce ( ! rock1 assur+ u by its qu]ul\s (t-repeat$ note & anxi\s motions t its ne/ 0 !re4 ,we rema9$ 9 ! boat a %ort "t1 until we _h wat*$ x beh9d a tuft ( grass1 ne> :i*1 aft] a m9ute se>*1 we succe$$ 9 f9d+ ! ne/1 9 a situation 9 :i* ,i %\ld nev] h suspect$ to meet ) a bird ( ?is sort bre$+2 x 0 plac$ aga9/ ! l$ge ( ! rock1 & consi/$ ( no?+ m ?an ! droop+ leaves ( ! junip]-bu%1 "u a creep+ bran* ( :i*1 ! eggs1 f\r 9 numb]1 7 snugly conceal$ & admirably %elt]$ f ! _m /orms by :i* ^! bleak & expos$ rocks are visit$1 all[+ j suffici5t room = ! bird to cov] !m4 ,we aft]w>ds f\nd m ne/s ) little difficulty4 ,all ! ne/s conta9$ f\r eggs ea*4 ,! "t ( bre$+ is ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,! eggs measure "o in* & two l9es 9 bread?1 & are ( an olive-gre5 col\r1 spott$ & /reak$ ) a%-blue & two %ades ( r$di% br[n4 ,! p>5ts are mu* atta*$ to _! (fspr+4 ,! habits ( ! latt] resemble ^? ( "y ,plov]s4 ,audubon m5tions an in/ance 9 :i* "o ( ^! birds 0 re>$ by a lady1 :o f$ x on boil$ rice & bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,,! ,,pi$ ,,oy/]-,,cat*]1 ,,or ,,sea ,,pie4 ,! ,,pi$ ,,oy/]-,,cat*]1 or ,,sea ,,pie 7,hmatopus o/ralegus71 possesses a compact body1 l>ge head1 long /raight beak1 :i* is mu* compress$ & ( conical =m2 mod]ately high1 p[]ful feet1 furni%$ ) %ort broad toes connect$ by a sk92 m$ium-siz$ & po9t$ w+s1 9 :i* ! fir/ quill is ! longe/2 & a %ort /raight tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! plumage on ! upp] portions ( ! body is ( a glossy black2 ! neck1 crop1 & rump1 a pat* "u ! eye & ! belly are :ite2 ! prim>y quills & tail-fea!rs black1 ) :ite roots4 ,! eyes are bright blood-r$1 edg$ ) orange4 ,! broad r+s t surr\nds ! eyes & ! beak are v]milion1 ! latt] tipp$ ) a light] %ade2 ! feet are d>k fle%-r$4 ,! l5g? ( ! male is sixte5 in*es2 its bread? across ! w+s ?irty-"o in*es & a half2 ! w+ measures n9e in*es & a half1 & ! tail fully f\r in*es4 ,! female is small] ?an h] mate1 & has less black ^u h] brea/4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ?is species has a cresc5t-%ap$ :ite pat* ^u ! ?roat4 ,! ,pi$ ,oy/]-cat*]s are met ) along almo/ ! entire coa/ ( ! ,old & ,new ,worlds 7be+ especially num]\s on ! m rocky portions74 ,!y are also f\nd 9 ,gre5l& & on ! isl&s ( ! ,nor!rn & ,arctic ,oceans4 ,dur+ ! w9t] !y appe> 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 b are by no means common4 ,! migrations ( ^! birds v>y consid]ably ) ! climate ( _! native haunts2 su* z inhabit %ores w>m$ by ! ,gulf ,/ream rema9+ 9 ! same localities f "o ye> to ano!r2 :il/ 9 ^? latitudes :]e ! seas are cov]$ ) ice dur+ ! cold season1 !y are compell$ to g s\? 9 ord] to obta9 ! requisite supply ( food4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! en=c$ w&]+s ! ma9l& is r>ely trav]s$1 ! fugitive keep+ z ne> z possible to ! %ore1 or1 :5 necess>y1 cross+ ev5 l>ge tracts ( wat] )\t any inconv5i5ce4 ,occupants ( ! %ores ( ! ea/]n & nor!rn seas seek _! w9t] qu>t]s pr9cipally 9 ,france & ! nor? ( ,spa91 :il/ ^? occupy+ ! coa/ ( ,*9a appe> regul>ly 9 ,s\!rn ,india4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! ,pi$ ,oy/]-cat*]s are p]man5t resid5ts1 & nev] ext5d _! flight to any great di/ance1 b aft] ! bre$+ season assemble 9 flocks1 & 9 w9t] betake !mselves to e/u>ies & promontories4 ,9 ,april ^! flocks disp]se 9 pairs1 & rove ab\t ! s&y bea* 9 small p>ties4 ,:ile se>*+ = food !y usually keep ap>t f o!r birds1 b are occasionally se5 9 company ) ! ,curlew1 ,turn/one1 & ,r$%ank4 ,at high-wat] !y retire to rocky headl&s or simil> places ( safety1 :]e !y rema9 until ! turn ( ! tide has left _! hunt+-gr\nds aga9 expos$4 ,:ile repos+1 accord+ to ,macgillivray1 ! ,sea ,pies /& ) _! legs q /raight1 or on "o leg only1 ! o!r be+ drawn up2 ! body is held 9 a horizontal position2 ! neck retract$2 ! head ei!r direct$ =w>d or ) ! bill buri$ among ! fea!rs ( ! back4 ,9 ?is attitude !y pres5t a v curi\s appe>ance :5 se5 9 a high w9d1 z ea* bird directs its brea/ t[>ds ! qu>t] f :i* x bl[s4 ,on a s&y bea* !y (t5 foll[ ea* o!r 9 long l9es1 or cr\* to ! gr\nd4 ,_! flight is /rong & /eady1 p]=m$ by regul> beats ( ! ext5d$ w+s1 ) ! neck drawn 91 & ! feet direct$ backw>ds4 ,:5 go+ to sleep !y re/ on "o leg only4 ,ov] ! surface ( ! s&y %ore !y run ) great rapidity1 & wade ) ease 9 muddy places1 _! %ort1 flat-sol$ feet be+ well adapt$ = t purpose4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation ! ,sea ,pies utt] a great v>iety ( pleas+ notes1 :il/ at o!r times _! cry is n p>ticul>ly agreeable4 ,( all ! _m fea!r$ occupants ( our %ores1 ^! birds are by f> ! mo/ re/less & pugnaci\s1 ?\gh app>5tly )\t malice4 ,t[>ds all _! l>g] companions !y exhibit an incessant desire to res5t intrusion1 & at once d>t ^u a bird ( prey ) l\d cries1 & drive ! unwelcome visitor away f ! spot4 ,%\ld no =eign foe appe>1 & ?us af=d !m an opportunity = v5t+ _! exub]ant spirits1 ! males w h>ry & annoy ea* o!r until _! fury ris+1 ! /rife t app>5tly began 9 sport t]m9ates 9 a real battle1 dur+ :i* ! antagoni/s /rike ea* o!r mo/ m]cilessly ) _! w+s & beak4 ,t[>ds m5 !y exhibit extreme %yness1 &1 except dur+ ! bre$+ season1 sc>cely p]mit 8 approa*4 ,9 ?is p>ticul>1 h[ev]1 !y %[ mu* intellig5ce1 & readily di/+ui% ! %eph]d or fi%]m5 f _! enemy ! sportsman4 ,aft] ! bre$+ season1 says ,macgillivray1 ! ,sea ,pies1 especially pl5tiful 9 ! ,scotti% ,isles1 =m flocks t are frequ5tly v num]\s1 be+ compos$ ( f tw5ty to "o hundr$ individuals or m4 ,at ?is p]iod !y are met ) *iefly on ! l[ rocky %ores1 or at ! m\?s ( riv]s1 :]e at l[ wat] !y obta9 _! food1 :i* consi/s ( limpets1 b>nacles1 small bivalve %ells swall[$ entire1 "y crabs1 & o!r m>9e animals4 ,al?\gh frequ5tly se5 on ext5sive l[ s&s1 !y seem r to betake !mselves ?i!r = security ?an = ! purpose ( look+ = food4 ,on l[1 pebbly1 muddy1 or s&y %ores !y always pref] ! edge ( ! wat]1 9 :i* !y wade1 al?\gh !y se>* ! expos$ p>ts4 ,limpets & b>nacles =m _! *ief food2 b1 al?\gh !y h be5 said to eat oy/]s & l>ge bivalve mollusca1 ,i h n f\nd su* animals 9 _! /oma*4 ,! bivalve %ells f\nd 9 _! gizz>d or sophagus are g5]ally1 :5 ( small size1 ei!r entire or m]ely cru%$1 b :5 l>ge1 are depriv$ 9 a great] or less degree ( _! te/ace\s envelopes4 ,along ) _! food !y swall[ p>ticles ( gravel1 frequ5tly ( consid]able size4 ,i h f\nd "s a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pi$ ,,oy/]-,,cat*]1 ,,or ,,sea ,,pie 7,hmatopus o/ralegus74 ,bivalve %ells1 :5 clos$1 are usually op5$ by ^! birds by /rik+ !m at ! h+e1 :ile cockles are obta9$ by hold+ ! %ell ) ! foot & wr5*+ ) ! bill z ) a cr[b>4 ,:5 ! %ores are flat & ! surface ?us rema9s cov]$ ) a %all[ /ratum ( wat]1 aft] ! tide has ebb$1 ! ,oy/]-cat*]s f9d _! prey m readily1 z ! %ells are !n p>tially op5$1 & !y c easily ins]t _! w$ge-%ap$ bill & =ce !m asund]2 b :]e ! s& soon dries & !re are no rocks f :i* ! limpet c be obta9$1 !y foll[ ! l9e ( ! advanc+ & retreat+ waves4 ,su* ( ^! birds z are /ation>y dur+ all seasons comm5ce ! bus9ess ( incubation z e>ly z ! middle ( ,april1 :ile su* z migrate d n lay until some:at lat] 9 ! spr+2 at ?is season1 aft] ! usual rivalry betwe5 ! males1 ! pairs keep ap>t f ea* o!r1 b frequ5tly rema9 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( "s ( _! weak] fea!r$ associates1 ) :om !y live 9 ! utmo/ h>mony4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,sea ,pie is a m]e holl[ 9 ! %ore1 & is usually situat$ among/ ! tangl$ we$ ?r[n above high wat] m>k1 or on grassy spots 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! sea4 ,! eggs1 two or ?ree 9 numb]1 are l>ge & ( an oval =m ) a pale br[ni% %ell1 spott$1 /reak$1 & v v>i\sly m>k$ ) light violet1 deep greyi% br[n & greyi% black4 ,! female1 :o alone broods1 does n sit dur+ ! noonday h\rs1 & hat*es h] little family 9 ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,! "y at fir/ conceal !mselves if al>m$1 b ev5 at a v e>ly p]iod c run1 swim1 & dive ) consid]able facility4 ,:il/ 9 *>ge ( _! (fspr+1 ! p>5ts exhibit unusual c\rage & =esight1 & %\ld ! "m p]i%1 ! fa!r at once und]takes all h] duties4 ,! fle% ( ! ,sea ,pie is unpalatable1 b by _m ! eggs are mu* e/eem$4 ,gadam] /ates t a pair ( ,oy/]-cat*]s re>$ by him f ! ne/ became s tame t !y knew 8 voice & greet$ 8 appe>ance ) l\d cries4 ,^! birds 7 all[$ to run freely ab\t ! p\ltry-y>d1 & r5d]$ excell5t s]vice to its m timid occupants by w>n+ ! ,f[ls ( ! approa* ( a ,hawk1 or any o!r fea!r$ m>aud]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,snipes 7,limicol7 =m a second division ( ! ,/ilt-walk]s1 :i* embraces sev]al m9or gr\ps1 all *>act]is$ by hav+ ! h9d] "p ( ! body ( cyl9drical =m1 a mod]ately long neck1 a m$ium-siz$ & mu*-ar*$ head1 & a long sl5d] beak2 ! latt] is curv$ or /raight ?r\gh\t its l5g?1 ) ! sides compress$ & groov$ to ! tip1 :i* is obtuse & 9 "s in/ances flexible1 ( a mu* s(t] texture ?an 9 mo/ birds1 & frequ5tly cov]$ ) a highly s5sitive membrane4 ,! long sl5d] t>si are usually m or less high2 ! toes g5]ally long1 ! lat]al ones sometimes unit$ to ! middle toe by a membrane2 ! h9d toe %ort1 re/+ on ! gr\nd1 or entirely want+2 ! long po9t$ w+ is m or less sickle-%ap$2 & ! %ort tail compos$ ( f twelve to tw5ty-six fea!rs4 ,! plumage v>ies consid]ably 9 ?ickness & coloration1 bo? 9 ! v>i\s gr\ps & at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>2 ! sexes are1 h[ev]1 v simil> to ea* o!r4 ,! memb]s ( ?is section usually inhabit m>%y l&1 ! bord]s ( swampy lakes1 & ! sea-coa/4 ,9 ! bre$+ season !y live 9 pairs1 b congregate 9 l>ge flocks dur+ ! autumn or w9t]1 & are m or less migratory4 ,fruits1 worms1 slugs1 & aquatic mollusca1 af=d !m _! pr9cipal means ( exi/5ce2 "s few also eat se$s4 ,bo? sexes assi/ 9 ! process ( incubation1 & g5]ally con/ruct a slight ne/ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! eggs are pe>-%ap$ & f two to f\r 9 numb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,true ,,snipes 7,scolopaces7 are *>act]is$ by _! p[]ful b comp>atively %ort body1 mod]ately long neck1 :i* is compress$ at its sides1 a v high-br[$ head1 & l>ge1 prom95t eyes4 ,! long sl5d] beak is /raight on ! side & r turn$ d[n ne> ! tip1 :i* is obtuse & b5t ov] t ( ! l[] m&ible2 ! extremity ( ! bill is ?ick5$1 s(t1 & v t5d] at its extremity1 s t ?is "p1 :i* is ri*ly suppli$ ) n]ves1 s]ves z a delicate organ ( t\*1 & is us$ = se>*+ 9 ! s(t gr\nd = ! insects & worms t con/itute ! food ( ^! birds4 ,! m or less long t>si are cov]$ 9 front ) n>r[ transv]se scales1 ! ant]ior toes are long1 t 9 ! middle be+ ( unusual l5g?1 ! h9d] toe is %ort1 elevat$1 & rea*es to ! gr\nd1 ! w+s are broad1 b comp>atively %ort1 & ! %ort broad tail1 compos$ ( f twelve to tw5ty-six fea!rs1 is r\nd$ at its extremity4 ,! plumage ( ?is gr\p1 :i* is s(t & ?ick1 v>ies 9 its coloration accord+ to ! situations occupi$ by its possessor4 ,! ,snipes mu/ be reg>d$ z natives ( ! nor? & temp]ate portions ( ! e>?1 al?\gh !y also visit its w>me/ latitudes4 ,_m species frequ5t swampy woods1 b = ! mo/ "p !y seek _! food 9 m>%es & morasses1 rema9+ conceal$ dur+ ! day & se>*+ = _! food pr9cipally e>ly 9 ! morn+ or dur+ ! ev5+ h\rs4 ,al?\gh by no means ( social disposition1 !y are occasionally se5 congregat$ toge!r 9 consid]able numb]s2 ^! assemblages are1 h[ev]1 ow+ app>5tly to ! attraction ( a suitable locality1 z ea* bird lives1 z x 71 = itself & pays b little he$ to its companions4 ,e>ly 9 spr+1 ! males exhibit a v pugnaci\s disposition1 & h _m fi]ce enc\nt]s ) _! rivals be=e obta9+ a mate4 ,! movem5ts ( ! ,snipes1 bo? on ! gr\nd & 9 ! air & wat]1 are extremely active & easy1 & ! facility ) :i* !y seize & extract _! insect prey f ! mud & ooze1 mu/ be reg>d$ z truly a/oni%+4 ,_! voice is usually monoton\s & h>%1 b dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation ! male indulges 9 a v>iety ( ge/iculations & peculi> notes4 ,:5 al>m$1 ^! birds g5]ally lie close to ! gr\nd or among ! h]bage1 or sudd5ly />t+ on w+ escape by a flight :i* is %ort1 elevat$1 rapid1 & irregul>4 ,! f\r mod]ate-siz$ & pe>-%ap$ eggs h a dirty yell[ or gre5i% %ell spott$ ) br[n1 & are deposit$ 9 a slight hole 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! "y1 :5 !y are hat*$1 are clad 9 a d[ny *equ]$ g>b ( black & br[n1 & quit ! ne/ on ! day !y escape f ! %ell4 ,! ,snipes are migratory 9 _! habits & g5]ally bre$ 9 high nor!rn latitudes1 b "s are indig5\s 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 all p>ts ( :i* !y re> _! "y1 be+ especially num]\s t[>ds ! nor? ( ,brita94 ,_! fle% is mu* e/eem$4 ,,! ,,woodcock4 ,! ,,woodcock 7,scolopax ru/icola7 possesses a comp>atively /rong beak1 r\nd$ at ! tip1 & %ort /\t feet ) a v small claw ^u ! h9d toe4 ,! w+ is blunt1 & ! tail compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,^u ! =ehead ! plumage is grey1 ! sides ( ! head & nape are /rip$ br[n & r$di% yell[2 ! re/ ( ! upp] portions ( ! body are spott$ ) v>i\s %ades ( br[n1 grey1 & black4 ,! l>ge eye is br[n1 & ! beak & foot horn-grey4 ,?is species is twelve in*es long & tw5ty-two broad2 ! w+ measures ?ree1 & ! tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! ,woodcock is met ) ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,europe1 ) ! exception ( its mo/ nor!rn isl&s1 & ?r\gh\t ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,asia4 ,x also visits ,nor?-we/]n ,africa & ,india1 z f> s\? z ,madras1 &1 accord+ to ,m\nta9e]1 bre$s imm$iately b5ea? ! sn[ l9e ( ! ,himalayas4 ,9 ,sw$51 ,great ,brita91 & ! nor!rn "p ( ,g]many1 "s frequ5tly rema9 ?r\gh\t ! entire ye>1 :ile ^? occupy+ cold] latitudes inv>iably w&] s\? at ! approa* ( autumn4 ,by f> ! great] numb]1 h[ev]1 ( ! birds t appe> 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& are m]ely w9t] resid5ts1 arriv+ ab\t ,octob]1 & leav+ = m nor!rn regions 9 ,m>*4 ,mr4 ,selby1 :o resid$ ne> ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,nor?umb]l&1 & ?us _h ample opportunities = obs]v+ ! arrival ( flocks ( ,woodcocks1 says3--,i h f\nd t !y always come ov] 9 ! greate/ abundance 9 hazy wea!r ) little w9d1 & t bl[+ f ! nor?-ea/2 & x is probable t !y !n f9d ! upp] region ( ! atmosph]e 9 :i* !y fly fre] f ! c\nt] curr5ts ( air1 ?an 9 m op5 wea!r4 ,aft] a night ( ?is description1 ,i h frequ5tly met ) great numb]s ^u ! edges ( plantations1 9 h$ges1 & ev5 9 turnip-fields1 & enjoy$ excell5t sport = ! day2 b1 on seek+ = a r5ewal ( success1 ,i h n f\nd a s+le bird1 ! :ole flight hav+ proce$$ on _! c\rse dur+ ! int]v5+ night4 ,x is dur+ ?is "t t ,woodcocks1 l mo/ migratory birds1 p]=m _! j\rneys2 & x seems probable t ^? :i* halt ^u ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,scotl&1 & ! nor!rn c\nties ( ,engl& h complet$ _! task f %ore to %ore1 betwe5 sunset & sunrise1 z !y appe> b little fatigu$ on _! arrival1 provid$ ! wea!r has be5 calm4 ,! di/ance ( ! coa/s ( ,norway & ,sw$51 f :5ce ^! visitors are suppos$ to come1 (f]s no objection to ?is supposition1 z a cont9u$ flight ( eight or t5 h\rs1 ev5 at a rate inf]ior to :at ,i conceive !y are capable ( accompli%+1 w\ld suffice = ! transit4 ,a respectable p]son :o liv$ ^u ! coa/1 cont9ues ! same obs]v]1 & :o1 be+ a ke5 pursu] ( wild f[l1 0 9 ! habit ( frequ5t+ ! sea-%ore at an e>ly h\r 9 ! morn+1 assur$ me t he _h m ?an once notic$ ! arrival ( a flight ( ,woodcocks com+ f ! nor?-ea/ j at day-dawn4 ,8 notice 0 fir/ attract$ by a peculi> s\nd 9 ! air above 8 head2 ?is1 ^u att5d+ to x1 he f\nd proce$$ f birds desc5d+ 9 an almo/ p]p5dicul> direction :i*1 ^u approa*+ ! %ore1 sep>at$ & flew t[>d ! int]ior2 ^! he pursu$ & %ot1 & !y prov$ to be1 z he _h surmis$1 ,woodcocks4 ,! fir/ flocks ( ^! birds t arrive ^u our coa/1 accord+ to ,y>rell1 consi/ = ! mo/ "p ( females :i* only rema9 = a few days & !n j\rney fur!r s\?1 :ile ! lat] flocks1 "s ( :i* rema9 to bre$1 are pr9cipally compos$ ( male birds4 ,s num]\sly are ,woodcocks met ) 9 ,greece at "s seasons1 t we are told1 ?ree ,engli%m5 on a sport+ t\r 9 ! ,peloponnesus %ot no less ?an #ejj brace 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree days2 dur+ ! actual w9t] !y are f> less common 9 t c\ntry1 & by ,febru>y h g5]ally comm5c$ leav+ ,s\!rn ,europe & ,nor?-we/]n ,asia = ,morocco1 or ! regions ar\nd ! ,altai ,m\nta9s4 ,tak+ "o ye> ) ano!r 9 ,europe1 ,m>* may be reg>d$ z ! mon? 9 :i* ^! birds comm5ce _! migrations1 ! exact date = sett+ =? dep5d+1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( an obs]v] :o /udi$ _! habits = sev5te5 ye>s1 n z is usually suppos$ on ! actual /ate ( ! wea!r1 b on signs ( approa*+ cold1 to :i* ! ke5 in/9ct ( ^! birds r5d]s !m peculi>ly susceptible4 ,l _m ( _! fea!r$ bre?r51 !y usually travel aga9/ ! w9d1 & d n cont9ue _! j\rney on d>k or v w9dy nights3 if ?us compell$ to desc5d1 !y pref] seek+ %elt] 9 "s wood or =e/1 b if trav]s+ an op5 c\ntry1 (t5 take refuge 9 a well-plant$ g>d5 or h$ge-r[4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( _! flight1 h[ev]1 !y keep z mu* z possible ov] wood$ localities1 & unless al>m$1 d n rise to any great height 9 ! air1 ?r\gh :i* !y sweep rapidly1 asc5d+1 desc5d+1 or mak+ _! way ?r\gh ! bran*es ( ! =e/ ) equal ease & dext]ity4 ,:5 endeav\r+ to attract ! att5tion ( _! females1 ! motions ( ^! birds are entirely diff]5t2 at su* times ! plumage is inflat$1 & ! aspirants = admiration fly heavily along ) sl[ly flapp+ w+s1 9 a mann] resembl+ t ( ! ,owl4 ,%\ld two rival males enc\nt] ea* o!r :5 ?us engag$1 !y at once comm5ce ho/ilities1 & aft] a m]ciless attack ) beak & w+s1 (t5 end by fall+ toge!r into ! trees b5ea? !m4 ,! /range/ circum/ance connect$ ) ^! exhibitions ( jeal\sy is1 t !y occur among/ ! flocks dur+ ! migratory season1 & n1 z is g5]ally ! case1 only at ! p]iod ( incubation4 ,^u ! gr\nd ! ,woodcocks are less exp]t 9 _! movem5ts2 !y walk sl[ly1 ) a some:at tripp+ /ep1 & nev] v5ture any di/ance on foot4 ,9 _! native woods !y usually rema9 comp>atively quiet dur+ ! day1 & only exhibit _! full activity & briskness t[>ds ev5+4 ,9 disposition !y are extremely %y1 & inv>iably pref] %ady & retir$ situations1 only p5etrat$ by a k9d ( twilight4 ,if *ance %\ld lead !m across an op5 space dur+ ! day1 !y g5]ally cr\* flat on ! gr\nd1 &1 ow+ to ! sombre hue ( _! fea!rs1 are n easily detect$2 9 ?is position !y w (t5 rema9 until almo/ trodd5 ^u1 :5 !y sudd5ly rise & endeav\r to elude ! sportsman by d>t+ ?r\gh ! trees & bu%es1 always tak+ c>e to keep well on ! side opposite to ! enemy4 ,9 _! int]c\rse ) ea* o!r1 ,woodcocks are by no means social1 e individual go+ its own way )\t any ref]5ce to its companions4 ,9 _! demean\r t[>ds m51 & birds ( a diff]5t species1 !y usually exhibit ! utmo/ timidity4 ,in/ances1 h[ev]1 are record$ ( _! hav+ be5 re>$ f ! ne/1 & r5d]$ s tame t !y w\ld come at _! own]'s call1 & greet 8 approa* ) e indication ( delight4 ,! call ( ! male consi/s ( a sort ( humm+ note1 :ile ! female only utt]s a g5tle pip+ cry4 ,! food ( ^! birds consi/s ( worms1 l>v1 & insects1 :i* are s\ght = by means ( ! long bill b5ea? dry leaves & cattle dropp+s1 or are obta9$ by prob+ ! surface ( moi/ & m>%y localities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,woodcock 7,scolopax ru/icola74 ,! ,woodcock1 we are told1 9 ! notes to ! ,lays ( ! ,de] ,=e/1 bre$s to a consid]able ext5t 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! =e/1 & also 9 o!r woods ( ,moray%ire1 ! ,aird ( ,inv]ness1 & on ! ,dee1 ! ,don1 ! ,spey1 & o!r p>ts ( ! ,highl&s1 b )9 our k n[h]e s num]\sly z 9 ,t>naway4 ,)\t any se>*1 & m]ely on ! accid5tal occasions ( roe-hunt+1 we h f\nd 9 "o season n9ete5 ne/s ) eggs4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be m prop] to say b$s ?an ne/s2 =1 l ^? ( ! ,plov]1 !y are m]ely slight holl[s =m$ by ! ne/l+ ( ! birds 9 dry s(t spots1 or on ! fall5 leaves4 ,z ! ne/s are on dry gr\nd1 ! old ones w sometimes c>ry _! "y 9 _! claws to ! ne>e/ spr+ or gre5 /rip4 ,sev]al times :5 ! h\nds1 9 beat+ ! gr\nd1 h come ^u a brood1 we h se5 ! old bird rise ) a "y "o 9 h] claws1 & c>ry x fifty or "o hundr$ y>ds away1 &1 if foll[$ to ! place :]e %e alight$1 %e has repeat$ ! transaction until too mu* h>ass$4 ,"o morn+1 :ile sitt+ on a grey /one1 ,i saw a d>k eye :i* 0 fix$ ^u m9e f ! b$ ( dead leaves be=e me1 :5 sudd5ly ! little br[n head ( a "y ,woodcock peep$ out f ! fea!rs ( ! old "o's brea/1 utt]+ t pla9tive cry = :i* language has no sign4 ,!re 7 two m "y ,woodcocks1 & to relieve ! anxiety ( ! madre1 ,i left h]4 ,ne> ! place :]e ,i f\nd h] !re 0 a s(t gre5 /rip su* z ,woodcocks love4 ,i _h no d\bt t ! family w\ld be !re next day1 & z ,i pass$ ,i turn$ aside to see :at !y 7 do+4 ,^u a dry bank1 half d[n ! brae1 ,i almo/ /umbl$ ov] a bird :i* rose at my feet1 & z x />t$ ?r\gh ! trees ,i saw t x _h some?+ 9 its claws1 & at ! same "t ,i he>d ! pla9tive cry ( little ,woodcocks j "u my feet4 ,i look$ d[n1 !re 7 two1 & ,i ?\ght a ,hawk _h c>ri$ (f ! ?ird1 & p]haps kill$ ! "m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd1 on foll[+ ! bird1 0 ! old ,woodcock1 :i*1 be+ flu%$ aga9 sudd5ly1 aft] a l[ flight ( only a few y>ds1 dropp$ :at %e 0 c>ry+--h] own "y ,woodcock4 ,i gave h] a little "t to f9d him1 :i* 0 n difficult1 z he call$ to h] z l\d z 8 t9y bill c\ld pipe4 ,9 a few mom5ts ,i ran =w>d1 & %e rose ) him 9 h] feet1 h] long legs dangl+ & sw++ ) h] little burd5 l a p>a*ute4 ,i left h] to pursue h] flight 9 peace1 & w5t on my way1 b ,i h no d\bt %e w5t back = ! o!r two1 = sev]al times aft]w>ds ,i saw !m all toge!r 9 ! s(t gre5 glade4 ,! ?ree or f\r eggs laid by ! female are l>ge1 broad1 & %ort 9 %ape1 ) a smoo?1 lu/reless1 light r$di% yell[ %ell1 v v>i\sly m>k$ ) diff]5t %ades ( r$ & br[n4 ,! "m alone broods & hat*es h] little family 9 ab\t sev5te5 or eighte5 days4 ,if di/urb$ :il/ sitt+1 %e all[s ! intrud] to approa* q close be=e quitt+ h] *>ge1 & aft] fly+ to a %ort di/ance almo/ imm$iately returns2 ev5 %\ld %e be depriv$ ( an egg %e /ill cont9ues to brood4 ,:il/ ?us engag$ ! female receives little or no att5tion f h] mate1 b ! "y are no soon] hat*$ ?an ! male at once und]takes 8 %>e ( p>5tal duties1 & exhibits equally ) ! "m a mo/ t\*+ anxiety & devotion 9 _! behalf4 ,%\ld an enemy intrude ^u !m1 ! old birds employ e ef=t to attract att5tion to !mselves1 :ile ! "y imm$iately cr\* b5ea? ! long grass or moss1 9 :i* !y c r>ely be discov]$ )\t ! aid ( a dog4 ,:5 ?ree weeks old ! fl$gl+s beg9 to use _! w+s1 b are capable ( seek+ food be=e !y c fly4 ,until lately x has be5 suppos$ t ,woodcocks lay b once 9 ! ye>1 or at mo/ only produce a second supply ( eggs if ! fir/ has be5 /ol5 or de/roy$4 ,rec5t obs]vations1 h[ev]1 t5d to prove ?is idea to be errone\s4 ,h(fmann1 9 p>ticul>1 aft] long & c>eful inve/igation1 is ( op9ion t 9 fav\rable seasons ea* pair ( ^! birds re>s two broods4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,m>% ,,snipes 7,gall9ago7 are *>act]is$ by _! comp>atively long1 flat beak1 mod]ately long1 b>e foot1 & long1 ?9 toes1 :i* are entirely unconnect$2 ! w+ is mu* incis$1 & ! %ort tail compos$ ( f f\rte5 to tw5ty-six fea!rs4 ,,! ,,common ,,snipe4 ,! ,,common ,,snipe1 or ,,becass9e 7,gall9ago scolopac9us71 has ! upp] portion ( ! body br[ni% black1 & is decorat$ ) a broad1 ru/y yell[ /ripe ^u ! c5tre ( ! head1 & f\r long l9es ( ! same col\r on ! back & %\ld]s2 ! "u side is :ite1 ! =e "p ( ! ?roat grey1 :ile ! upp] p>ts ( ! brea/ & sides are spott$ ) br[n4 ,! tail is =m$ ( f\rte5 fea!rs4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot deep grey4 ,?is species is elev5 in*es long & sev5te5 broad1 ! w+ measures five in*es1 & ! tail two in*es & a qu>t]4 ,! ,common ,snipe is met ) pr9cipally 9 ! nor? ( ,europe & ,asia1 b also probably bre$s 9 ! s\!rn portions ( ! =m] cont95t & 9 ,nor? ,africa2 9 "s p>ts ( ,europe x is extremely common1 & 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& bre$s n only 9 ! nor!rn c\nties1 b along ! :ole s\!rn coa/4 ,l>ge flocks also come to ! ,briti% ,isles f ,sc&9avia dur+ ! w9t]1 & leave aga9 ab\t ! mon? ( ,april4 ,rec5t obs]vations h prov$ t ! species ( ,m>% ,snipes met ) 9 ,nor? ,am]ica are n id5tical ) ! ,gall9ago scotopac9us4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( its migrations ! ,common ,snipe w&]s ov] all l&s betwe5 =ty-five & ?irte5 degrees nor? latitude2 !y appe> 9 ,india at ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] 9 num]\s flocks1 & at c]ta9 seasons occupy ! %ores ( ! ,nile & ,ganges ) great regul>ity4 ,?is species frequ5ts m>%y gr\nds1 moi/ ru%-cov]$ localities1 or wet mead[s1 & usually avoids ! extremes ( heat & cold by keep+ to ! moors 9 summ] & seek+ ! %elt] ( ! valleys dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 sev]e fro/s1 or /orms ( sn[1 x takes refuge ne> spr++ rills or ! imm$iate vic9ity ( fl[+ /reams4 ,insects1 worms1 or slugs af=d its pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce2 & = ^! x se>*es by prob+ ! moi/ gr\nd ) its long bill4 ,al?\gh frequ5tly associat$ 9 flocks dur+ _! migrations1 ^! birds always exhibit ! same unsocial disposition1 ea* individual pursu+ its own c\rse1 or seek+ its prov5d] 9 entire disreg>d ( its companions4 ,z ) ! ,woodcock1 ?is species goes 9 que/ ( food pr9cipally aft] twilight2 b1 unlike t bird1 is also active dur+ ! day1 & at mo/ reposes = a few h\rs at noon4 ,^u ! gr\nd ! ,common ,snipe moves leisurely b easily1 keep+ ! head erect2 its flight is rapid1 & usually takes a zigzag c\rse imm$iately aft] ! bird has ris5 into ! air4 ,g5]ally :5 ab\t to fly x sudd5ly takes an upw>d direction2 & aft] rapidly pursu+ an undulat+ pa?1 returns almo/ imm$iately to ! spot f :5ce x />t$2 & !n1 draw+ 9 its w+s1 falls obliquely to ! gr\nd4 ,if al>m$1 x frequ5tly spr+s high1 & takes flight beyond rea* ( ! gun1 turn+ nimbly1 9 a zigzag direction1 = #bjj or #cjj paces1 & sometimes so>+ out ( sight4 ,?is ,snipe swims well1 & occasionally takes to ! wat] :5 n compell$ to d s2 if hotly pursu$ by a bird ( prey or o!r enemy1 x sometimes endeav\rs to save itself by div+4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season1 ! males indulge 9 mo/ ardu\s endeav\rs to attract ! att5tion ( _! desir$ mates1 ^: admiration !y essay to excite by so>+ rapidly into ! air1 describ+ a v>iety ( evolutions1 & !n d>t+ e>?w>d ) clos$ w+s4 ,all ^! active ex]tions1 :i* (t5 cont9ue = half an h\r at a "t1 are accompani$ by a mo/ /range humm+ s\nd1 respect+ :i* naturali/s are n yet agre$1 "s consid]+ x to be produc$ by ! rapid action ( ! p[]ful p9ions1 :ile o!rs h suppos$ x to be occasion$ by ! long tail-fea!rs4 ,:il/ engag$ 9 ^! animat$ manuvres1 ! male birds n only s f> =get _! usual timidity z to p]* freely on ! project+ bran*es ( trees1 b entirely lay aside _! usual indiff]5t demean\r t[>ds _! companions1 & frequ5tly v5t _! jeal\s rivalry 9 fi]ce & %>p enc\nt]s4 ,! female =ms h] loosely-con/ruct$ ne/ ( )]$ leaves1 hea?-grass1 & a few fea!rs1 9 "s retir$ spot1 g5]ally b5ea? ! %elt] ( ! /ump ( an ald]-tree or will[4 ,! eggs1 :i* are comp>atively l>ge1 & usually f\r 9 numb]1 are lu/reless1 & ( yell[i% or gre5i% :ite1 spott$ ) grey & v>i\s %ades ( br[n4 ,! "y are hat*$ by ! "m 9 fifte5 or sixte5 days1 & :5 !y quit ! %ell are cov]$ ) *equ]$ d[n2 ?is is m\lt$ 9 ab\t eight or t5 days1 & 9 a few weeks !y are able to fly4 ,! p>5ts t5d _! little family ) great c>e1 & fe$ !m until _! bills are /rong en\gh to enable !m to provide = !mselves4 ,sir ,humphry ,davy /ates t if ! "y are mole/$1 ! old birds at once comm5ce a l\d drumm+ s\nd ov] ! head ( ! intrud]1 z ?\gh to div]t 8 att5tion f _! belov$ *>ge1 & ?us all[ ! latt] "t to seek concealm5t2 :i* !y at once d1 hid+ !mselves completely f view ) mo/ admirable in/9ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,moor ,,snipes 7,philolimnos7 are recognisable by _! %ort high beak1 ) n>r[ culm5 & broad tip2 _! graduat$ tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & po9t$ at its c5tre2 _! v muscul> /oma*2 & ! brilliant metallic gloss ^u ! plumage ( ! back4 ,,! ,,jack ,,snipe4 ,! ,,jack ,,snipe 7,philolimnos gall9ula7 is only ab\t n9e in*es long & fifte5 broad2 ! w+ measures f\r in*es1 & ! tail ab\t "o in* & two-?irds4 ,9 ?is species1 ! bridles1 a /ripe bel[ ! *eeks & ! head1 are br[n1 ) two l9es above & bel[ ! eyes ( r$di% yell[2 ! blacki% blue mantle-fea!rs h a beautiful gre5 & purple %e51 & are decorat$ ) f\r r$di% yell[ /ripes4 ,! ?roat1 brea/1 & sides are grey1 l9$ & spott$ ) br[n2 ! re/ ( ! body is :ite4 ,! quills & tail-fea!rs are pale black2 ! latt] edg$ ) r$di% yell[4 ,! sexes are almo/ alike 9 col\r2 dur+ ! spr+ ! plumage ( ! female is ( a r$di% hue ^u ! w+s1 & t ( ! "y less respl5d5t & glossy4 ,russia & ,we/]n ,sib]ia may be reg>d$ z ! /rongholds ( ?is small bird1 :i* makes its appe>ance lat] & dep>ts e>li] ?an ! ,common ,snipe4 ,x bre$s 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia1 & is v g5]ally diffus$ ?r\gh\t ,india4 ,9 ,engl& x is b r>ely se5 9 ! summ]1 & appe>s 9 "o p>ticul> spot ye> aft] ye>4 ,! ,jack ,snipe pref]s ?ick cov]ts1 & comp>$ ) ^? ( its k9d already describ$ is usually b seldom se51 al?\gh 9 "s localities x is occasionally tol]ably num]\s4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ,m>*1 x g5]ally quits its w9t] qu>t]s1 & returns "u cov] ( ! night to its native haunts4 ,?is ,snipe is usually f\nd 9 pairs1 & seeks its food on m>%y gr\nd2 b at o!r times conceals itself among ! neighb\r+ long grass & ru%es4 ,if di/urb$1 x delays tak+ w+ until ! enemy is almo/ tread+ ^u x1 & has actually be5 caught :5 j ris+1 by hav+ a hat put ov] x4 ,:5 flu%$1 ! ,jack ,snipe does n utt] any note4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,s&pip]s 7,tr+7 are kn[n by _! sl5d] body1 mod]ately long neck1 small head1 long po9t$ w+s1 9 :i* ! fir/ quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?1 & a mod]ate tail1 ei!r r\nd$ or d\bly incis$ at its extremity4 ,! beak is ei!r long] ?an1 or z long z1 ! head1 sl5d]1 compress$ at ! sides1 ) ! culm5 ne> ! tip slightly depress$ & enl>g$4 ,! sl5d] b>e foot is furni%$1 9 mo/ in/ances1 ) f\r toes2 ( ^! ! ?ree plac$ 9 front are long & entirely disunit$1 :ile ! v small & delicate h9d toe is rais$ too high to rea* ! gr\nd4 ,! ?ick compact plumage is pr9cipally a mixture ( greyi% br[n & r$di% yell[1 b v>ies consid]ably accord+ to ! season1 & age or sex ( ! bird2 9 ! w9t] x is a%y grey above1 :ite %ad$ ) grey b5ea?4 ,! col\r ( ! sexes is ne>ly alike4 ,s&pip]s are met ) 9 all portions ( ! globe1 b pr9cipally frequ5t its nor!rn p>ts4 ,m>9e m>%es on ! sea-%ore1 or ! bord]s ( lakes & riv]s1 are ! situations !y pref]1 visit+ ! temp]ate climates dur+ ! w9t]1 & return+ to ! cold] latitudes to sp5d ! summ] mon?s4 ,_! migrations take place 9 l>ge p>ties1 :i* fly by night or e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,dur+ ! recess ( ! tide1 !y may be se5 ^u ! sea-%ore1 seek+ _! food f ! refuse ( ! ocean1 or quietly & int5tly prob+ ! s&s 9 se>* ( worms & %ell-fi%1 & sometimes retreat+ rapidly be=e ! advanc+ surge1 & pr(it+ by :at ! wave leaves on its retreat4 ,9 all _! movem5ts !y display great activity1 ei!r :5 runn+ rapidly & lightly on ! =e "p ( _! toes ov] ! surface ( ! moi/ s&1 :5 swimm+ 9 ! wat]1 or :5 w++ _! way ) a v>i$1 graceful1 & rapid flight ?r\gh ! air4 ,! voice ( ^! birds is cle>1 pip+1 & resonant4 ,all ! v>i\s species are social & peaceful 9 _! habits1 & x is probable t ! enc\nt]s 9 :i* !y indulge at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> are z mu* 9 sport z 9 rivalry4 ,! food ( ! ,s&pip] consi/s ( worms1 small molluscs1 insects1 l>v1 & simil> f>e1 b occasionally ( delicate se$s4 ,! f\r pe>-%ap$ eggs are deposit$ 9 a dry holl[ on ! gr\nd1 :i* is slightly l9$ ) a few blades ( grass4 ,! female alone broods2 ! "y come =? cov]$ ) d[n1 !y at once leave ! ne/1 & gr[ ) great rapidity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,curlew ,,s&pip]s 7,limicola7 h a compact body1 %ort neck1 & small head2 ! beak is long] ?an ! head1 & only s(t & flexible at its tip1 :i* is broad1 & curves slightly d[nw>d4 ,! l[1 /\t1 b>e foot is furni%$ ) f\r toes4 ,! w+s are po9t$1 & h ! fir/ & second quills ( equal l5g?1 & long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is %ort & po9t$ t[>ds its c5tre4 ,,! ,,pigmy ,,curlew ,,s&pip]4 ,! ,,pigmy ,,curlew ,,s&pip] 7,limicola pygma7 has ! cr[n blacki% br[n1 decorat$ ) r$di% yell[ /ripes2 ! mantle-fea!rs are black l9$ ) r$di% yell[2 ! upp] w+ is a%-grey2 ! fea!rs on ! l[] ?roat1 crop1 & sides ( ! brea/ are r$di% yell[1 spott$ ) br[n & tipp$ ) :ite2 ! "u side is :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak r$di% grey at its base & black at its extremity1 & ! foot d>k gre5i% grey4 ,dur+ ! autumn ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are d>k grey1 & ! fea!rs h a some:at mottl$ appe>ance1 z _! %afts are ( a d>k & _! edges ( a light %ade4 ,?is bird is six in*es long & ?irte5 broad1 ! w+ measures f\r in*es & "o-?ird1 & ! tail "o in* & a half4 ,! ,pigmy ,curlew is met ) pr9cipally 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,asia & ,am]ica1 & also1 ?\gh m r>ely1 9 ,europe4 ,9 ,engl& x has be5 kn[n to bre$ occasionally4 ,moi/ riv]-banks or m>%y localities are ! situations x pref]s1 & f ^! x obta9s ! insects1 l>v1 & worms ^u :i* x pr9cipally subsi/s4 ,unlike ! re/ ( ! family1 x does n associate ) o!r birds4 ,! ,pigmy ,curlew flies well & rapidly1 walks ) %ort int]rupt$ /eps1 &1 if di/urb$1 cr\*es flat to ! gr\nd1 & all[s ! enemy to approa* q close be=e tak+ w+4 ,! voice resembles t ( ! ,common ,s&pip]4 ,keitel tells u t 9 its habits ?is species does n diff] f ! re/ ( ! family4 ,! eggs f\nd by t g5tleman 9 ,lapl& 7 long & pe>-%ap$1 ) a dull olive-yell[ %ell1 m>k$ ) greyi% br[n4 ,,! ,,s&]l+4 ,! ,,s&]l+ 7,calidris ar5>ia7 has ! h9d] toe entirely undevelop$4 ,?is small bird is only sev5 in*es long & fifte5 broad4 ,9 spr+ ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are black1 or br[ni% r$1 spott$ ) yell[ & :ite2 ! blacki% br[n upp] w+ is m>k$ ) zigzag ru/-r$ spots1 & /rip$ ) :ite4 ,! "u side1 z f> z ! :ite brea/1 is r$di% grey1 ! fea!rs hav+ d>k spots on ! %afts & :ite edges4 ,! five out] tail-fea!rs are :iti% grey1 ) :ite roots2 ! eyes are deep br[n2 ! beak & ! foot deep grey4 ,dur+ w9t] ! fea!rs on ! upp] portions ( ! body are light grey tipp$ ) :ite1 d>kly spott$ on ! %afts1 & ! "u side is pure :ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s&]l+ 7,calidris ar5>ia74 ,?is elegant little bird occupies ! coa/s ( all ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( its migrations x visits ,s\!rn ,europe1 keep+ ne> ! %ores ev5 :ile j\rney+ f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 & b r>ely cross+ ! ma9l&4 ,?is species is met ) on mo/ ( ! s&y %ores ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 & is occasionally f\nd ne> l>ge pieces ( fre% wat]2 x is n suppos$ to bre$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 b has be5 se5 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 ,april1 ,june1 ,augu/1 & ,octob]4 ,l o!r ,s&pip]s1 x associates 9 m or less num]\s flocks :ile 9 w9t] qu>t]s1 b lives 9 pairs ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,9 disposition x is g5tl] & m confid+ ?an o!r memb]s ( its family1 b closely resembles !m 9 its g5]al habits4 ,^u ! gr\nd x runs ) grace & agility1 & exhibits ! utmo/ dext]ity 9 its beautiful & rapid movem5ts ?r\gh ! air1 dur+ :i* x frequ5tly jo9s company ) p>ties ( o!r %ore birds4 ,) s little timidity does ! ,s&]l+ reg>d man1 t x is n uncommon = x to p]mit 8 close approa*1 & ev5 if %ot at x (t5 only moves a few paces f ! spot4 ,naumann m5tions t ^u "o occasion1 aft] wat*+ ! proce$+s ( five ( ^! birds t 7 /&+ almo/ close to him 9 mo/ evid5t disreg>d ( 8 pres5ce1 ! ?\ght /ruck him t he w\ld arrange "s sn>es he _h 9 8 pocket & take ! :ole p>ty prison]s4 ,?is he accord+ly did1 ! int5d$ victims quietly wat*+ 8 arrangem5ts1 & f9ally walk+ among/1 & entangl+ !mselves 9 ! trea*]\s /r+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,mud ,,s&pip]s 7,pelidna7 are comp>atively sl5d] birds1 ) a /raight or curv$ beak1 ( ab\t ! l5g? ( ! head1 & slightly wid5$ at its tip2 sl5d] b>e feet1 furni%$ ) f\r toes1 mod]ate-siz$ w+s1 & a r\nd$ or d\bly incis$ tail4 ,! plumage is m\lt$ twice 9 ! ye>4 ,,! ,,mud ,,s&pip]4 ,! ,,mud ,,s&pip] 7,pelidna sub>quata7 is ab\t sev5 in*es long & t5 broad4 ,! w+ measures five in*es1 & ! tail "o in* & two-?irds4 ,9 spr+ ! entire "u side is ru/-r$ ( v>i\s %ades2 ! fea!rs on ! cr[n ( ! head are blacki%1 ) r$di% grey edges2 ! nape ru/-r$ /reak$ ) :ite2 & ! re/ ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! body cov]$ ) deep black fea!rs1 spott$ ) light ru/-r$1 & edg$ ) light grey or ru/-yell[4 ,! tail-fea!rs are a%-grey1 ^? 9 ! c5tre be+ ! d>ke/2 all h :ite %afts & edges4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot blacki% br[n4 ,9 autumn ! fea!rs on ! head & nape are blacki% grey1 v>i$ ) :ite & d>k edges2 ^? on ! back & upp] w+s are deep blacki% grey ) black %afts2 & ! fea!rs on ! "u side :iti% grey1 %ad$1 spott$1 & %aft$ ) a deep] t9t2 ! bridles are br[n2 a :iti% l9e passes above ! eye4 ,9 "y birds ! fea!rs ( ! head are greyi% br[n ) ru/y grey edges2 ^? ( ! back & %\ld]s ( a blacki% %ade ) r$di% yell[ edges2 ! "u side & rump are :ite1 gullet & crop r$di% grey4 ,! sexes are almo/ alike 9 col\r4 ,^! birds are met ) 9 all ! nor!rn portions ( our globe1 & dur+ ! c\rse ( _! w9t] migrations appe> ) great regul>ity 9 ,nor? ,africa1 :]e !y are v common2 !y also visit ! %ores ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 ,indian ,ocean1 ,atlantic1 & ! ,dead ,sea1 & h be5 se5 ab\t ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,9 ,europe !y especially resort to ! coa/s ( ,france & ,holl&1 :]e !y arrive ab\t ! middle ( ,april1 & leave aga9 f ! end ( ,july to ,octob]2 _! migrations are always c>ri$ on at night4 ,flat muddy %ores are ! localities !y pr9cipally frequ5t1 & ov] ^! !y disport !mselves ) great activity1 mov+ lightly ab\t 9 pursuit ( food ?r\gh\t ! entire day1 only paus+ to indulge 9 a %ort sleep at noon4 ,if di/urb$ !y at once rise rapidly into ! air1 & aft] d>t+ to "s little di/ance1 return imm$iately to ! spot :5ce !y 7 driv54 ,9 disposition !y are social & naturally fe>less1 b frequ5tly le>n to imitate ! timidity exhibit$ by mo/ ( _! companions on ! sea-%ore4 ,accord+ to our own obs]vations1 !y are (t5 se5 associat$ ) o!r birds1 & app>5tly "u ! guidance ( "o ( ! l>ge/ memb]s ( ! p>ty1 ^: movem5ts & example !y obey 9 a mann] mo/ amus+ly resembl+ a game at foll[-my-lead]1 runn+ :]ev] he runs1 & fly+ :]e he flies1 z ?\gh actuat$ by "o _s2 ^! gambols usually t]m9ate by all ! males utt]+ a w>n+ cry1 & ! :ole flock swoop+ 9 a compact mass = "s few hundr$ paces ov] ! wat]1 & !n return+ to ! %ore1 !re to resume _! animat$ sport4 ,x is improbable t ?is species bre$s 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( our globe2 su* ne/s z we h f\nd 9 nor!rn regions 7 no?+ m ?an a slight holl[ 9 ! gr\nd1 & conta9$ f\r pe>-%ap$ eggs1 hav+ a gre5i% %ell %ad$ ) d>k grey1 & spott$ ) deep br[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,dw>f ,,s&pip]s 7,actodroma7 are small birds1 ) %ort beaks1 ei!r q /raight or curv+ g5tly t[>ds ! tip2 ! mod]ate-siz$ feet are sl5d] & b>e1 ) ! toes almo/ entirely unconnect$4 ,,! ,,dw>f ,,s&pip]4 ,! ,,dw>f ,,s&pip] 7,actodroma m9uta71 ! smalle/ ( all ! tribe1 is only five in*es & a half long & elev5 in*es & a half broad2 ! w+ measures ?ree in*es & a half1 & ! tail "o in* & a half4 ,dur+ spr+ ! fea!rs on ! cr[n ( ! head are black1 edg$ ) ru/-r$1 ^? on ! nape grey m>k$ ) a d>k] %ade1 & ^? on ! sides ( ! neck & upp] brea/ light ru/-r$ spott$ ) br[n2 a :iti% /ripe passes ov] ! eyes1 & betwe5 ! latt] & ! beak a d>k br[n l9e4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot gre5i% black4 ,9 autumn all ! fea!rs on ! upp] portions ( ! body are deep grey1 ) br[n l9es on ! %afts2 ! gullet1 sides ( ! head1 & l[] brea/ are r$di% grey1 ! re/ ( ! "u side is :ite4 ,?is species pr9cipally inhabits ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe1 b dur+ ! c\rse ( its ext5sive w&]+s is met ) at c]ta9 seasons on almo/ e coa/4 ,9 ,engl& x usually occupies ! %ores ( ! ea/]n & s\!rn c\nties4 ,dur+ its migrations1 :i* are c>ri$ on by night & 9 l>ge flocks1 x visits ,egypt 9 va/ numb]s1 & is frequ5tly to be se5 associat$ ) a great v>iety ( o!r species4 ,moi/ muddy coa/s & %ores are ! situations x pref]s1 ?\gh x by no means avoids s&y localities4 ,9 disposition ! ,dw>f ,s&pip]s are lively & active1 graceful & easy 9 all _! movem5ts4 ,) _! own k9d !y live 9 ! utmo/ h>mony1 & exhibit b little fe> t[>ds man2 9 o!r respects !y resemble ! memb]s ( ! family already describ$4 ,x is probable t ! ,dw>f ,s&pip]s bre$ 9 ! extreme nor? ( ,europe1 b z yet _! ne/s h only be5 f\nd 9 ,gre5l& & ! mo/ nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,! f\r smoo? glossy eggs are plac$ 9 a slight depression 9 ! e>?1 & h a dull1 greyi% yell[ %ell1 cl\d$ ) grey1 & spott$ & dott$ ) br[n ( v>i\s %ades at ! broad end4 ,,! ,,ruff4 ,! ,,ruff 7,philoma*us pugnax7 has a /raight beak ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 or a little long]1 & slightly depress$ at its tip2 ! high sl5d] feet are b>e1 & furni%$ ) f\r toes3 ( ^! ! ?ree plac$ 9 front are connect$ by a sk92 ! h9d toe is %ort & mu* rais$4 ,! mod]ate-siz$ po9t$ w+ has ! fir/ quill long] ?an ! re/1 & ! %ort tail is slightly r\nd$2 ! plumage is s(t & ?ick4 ,! male bird is ab\t a ?ird l>g] ?an 8 mate1 & has dur+ ! spr+ 8 face cov]$ ) w>ts1 & 8 neck adorn$ ) a /range & beautiful coll>2 bo? ^! peculi>ities1 h[ev]1 disappe> t[>ds autumn4 ,s v>i$ & *angeful is ! coloration ( ! plumage1 t a detail$ description is almo/ impossible4 ,! coll> above allud$ to is compos$ ( h>% fea!rs1 ab\t ?ree in*es long1 & s wond]fully diff]5t 9 _! hues t sc>cely two males are exactly l ea* o!r2 black & br[n1 & :ite fea!rs ( v>i\s %ades1 spott$1 /rip$1 & m>k$ 9 e conceivable way1 appe> indiff]5tly on ?is "p ( ! plumage4 ,! upp] w+ is deep br[ni% grey1 & ! blacki% grey tail is spott$ ) black2 ! belly is :ite1 & ! re/ ( ! body v v>i\sly col\r$ & m>k$4 ,x has1 we believe1 be5 asc]ta9$ t ea* male exhibits ! same hues & m>k+s e succe$+ ye>4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak g5]ally gre5i% or gre5i% yell[1 & ! foot r$di% yell[4 ,?is species is f elev5 in*es to twelve in*es & a half long1 & f tw5ty-?ree in*es & a half to tw5ty-f\r in*es across2 ! w+ measures f sev5 in*es to sev5 in*es & a half1 & ! tail ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,! plumage ( ! female1 :i* does n v>y z does t ( h] mate1 is pr9cipally r$di% grey1 d>kly spott$ ^u ! upp] portions ( ! body4 ,! face & br[ are light grey1 ! cr[n is grey1 /rip$ ) br[ni% black2 ! nape-fea!rs are grey1 ^? on ! back & %\ld]s blacki% br[n1 edg$ ) ru/-r$4 ,! ?roat & gullet are grey1 & ! belly-fea!rs ( a :iti% hue4 ,! female is t5 in*es long1 & tw5ty-"o in*es & a half broad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ruff 7,philoma*us pugnax74 ,,male ,,9 ,,full ,,plumage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ruffs ,,fight+4 ,! ,ruffs 7 orig9ally natives ( ! nor!rn portion ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e1 b are n[ occasionally met ) 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,dur+ _! migrations !y n only visit e c\ntry ( ,europe & ,asia1 b ! entire ,african cont95t1 usually tak+ up _! abode on ext5sive bogs or m>%y pla9s1 & frequ5tly appe>+ 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! sea1 :]e !y (t5 m+le ) ! busy ho/s t are ev] ready to seize ^u ! ri* & v>i$ /ore ( food left beh9d by ! rec$+ tide4 ,naumann ass]ts1 h[ev]1 t ?is species nev] rema9s ne> or v5tures into ! wat]1 b aft] jo9+ 9 ! busy sc5e = a %ort "t1 always returns to its usual haunts4 ,unlike o!r ,s&pip]s1 ^! birds are met ) f> inl&1 :]e !y n only dwell ^u ! banks ( riv]s1 b w&] into ! pla9s & cultivat$ di/ricts4 ,9 ,c5tral ,europe !y usually arrive 9 flocks1 ab\t ,may1 & beg9 to leave ab\t ,july & ,augu/1 travell+ by night1 & pursu+ _! c\rse 9 long l9es t sometimes assume a w$ge-l arrangem5t1 ! males j\rney+ ap>t f ! females4 ,! ext5sive p>ties se5 by u 9 ! ,s\dan consi/$ almo/ exclusively ( females1 f :i* fact we conclud$ t ! males d n (t5 migrate s f> s\? z ,africa4 ,! females are ! fir/ to seek & ! la/ to leave ! w9t] qu>t]s1 & yet /range to say1 !y g5]ally return to _! la/ summ]'s abode 9 company ) _! =m] mates4 ,be=e & aft] ! bre$+ season1 male & female are sc>cely di/+ui%able1 ei!r 9 appe>ance or demean\r2 b dur+ t p]iod ! =m] exhibit an excitem5t t is q )\t a p>allel4 ,wat] insects1 beetles1 & worms1 ) se$s ( _m k9ds1 af=d !m ! means ( subsi/5ce1 & = ^! !y seek pr9cipally at e>ly morn+ or ev5+1 visit+ c]ta9 spots ) great regul>ity1 & keep+ /rictly )9 a limit$ hunt+ gr\nd4 ,:il/ ?us engag$ !y move leisurely1 & ) consci\s dignity1 keep+ /eadily & quietly at "w1 & only betray+ _! pres5ce by a weak ho>se cry1 z !y rise ) light & hov]+ w+ into ! air4 ,at ! approa* ( night !y become some:at m lively1 & indulge 9 sportive flights 9 company ) _! fea!r$ bre?r54 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 has ! p]iod ( incubation set 9 ?an ! pacific disposition ( ^! birds appe>s to und]go a complete *ange1 & ! males comm5ce a s]ies ( fi]ce enc\nt]s1 aris+ n m]ely f a feel+ ( rivalry or jeal\sy1 b respect+ su* trifles z ! possession ( a worm or ! *oice ( a re/+-place4 ,:e!r 9 _! native haunts or conf9$ 9 a cage1 & :e!r females be conc]n$ 9 ! matt] or n1 ! same re/less desire to attack & injure ea* o!r takes possession ( ! male birds1 :o1 9 _! wild /ate1 c>ry on _! battles 9 regul> fight+-gr\nds1 employ$ ye> aft] ye> = ! same purpose4 ,moi/ & r elevat$ spots are usually pref]r$1 & to ^! a c]ta9 numb] ( combatants resort daily1 ea* z a rule hav+ 8 own peculi> place1 :]eon to take 8 /& till an enemy appe>s4 ,naumann /ates t until ! coll> ( ! males has atta9$ its full beauty !y are n privileg$ to appe> 9 ! li/s4 ,no soon] has a will+ adv]s>y come =w>d1 ?an ! excit$ c\ple ru% ^u ea* o!r1 & /ruggle on till "o or bo? are exhau/$1 :5 !y pause & return to _! =m] /&+-places1 to recov] /r5g? & brea? = a second enc\nt]4 ,^! /range battles are /rictly duels1 al?\gh f ! fact ( two or ?ree c\ples engag+ at ! same "t1 & t (t5 9 su* a limit$ space z to compel !m to attack across ea* o!r1 an ord9>y spectator w\ld (t5 imag9e t he 0 witness+ a g5]al mle1 in/ead ( ! entirely di/9ct settlem5t ( individual wrongs & grievances4 ,a m ridicul\s sight c\ld sc>cely be imag9$ ?an ! appe>ance ( ! furi\s combatants1 z !y /& ruffl+ & swell+ out _! plumage1 ) coll> & brea/ fea!rs erect1 lit]ally trembl+ ) rage1 & d>t+ backw>ds & =w>ds t[>ds _! adv]s>y2 rapidly duck+ _! w>t-cov]$ heads1 & keep+ ! h9d] "p ( ! body mu* rais$1 z !y snap & probe ! enemy 9 a v ec/asy ( bl9d fury4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! fray1 ! combatants aga9 /& trembl+ be=e ea* o!r1 %ak+ !mselves1 & toss+ up _! heads 9 defiance2 aft] :i* demon/ration1 if n too mu* fatigu$1 !y resume _! /&+-places1 & aga9 look out = a will+ & equally excit$ foe4 ,ow+ to ! s(t con/ruction ( ! bill1 s]i\s injuries nev] result f ^! enc\nt]s2 ! loss ( a few fea!rs1 or ! *ance ( be+ caught & pull$ ab\t by ! coll>1 be+ ! wor/ evils to :i* ! app>5tly blood?ir/y duelli/s are expos$4 ,naumann is ( op9ion t ! knobs & excresc5ces (t5 se5 on ! beaks ( ! birds are attributable to bl[s or twi/s receiv$ 9 ^! viol5t affrays4 ,occasionally a female appe>s & takes up h] po/ 9 ! fight+-gr\nd1 b nev] does m ?an indulge h] curiosity1 by m+l+ ) ! combatants1 & wat*+ _! proce$+s = a %ort space2 aft] :i* %e retires1 sometimes accompani$ by "o ( ! males1 :o1 h[ev]1 almo/ imm$iately returns to ! field ( action1 )\t fur!r ref]5ce to h] proce$+s4 ,:5 ! p]iod = deposit+ ! eggs arrives1 ! males sep>ate1 ea* 9 company ) two females1 or vice v]s1 & make _! ne/ ( dry grass & /ubble on "s high po9t 9 a m>%y locality4 ,! eggs1 f\r1 or occasionally only ?ree1 9 numb]1 are ( unusual size1 ) a gre5i% or br[ni% %ell1 m or less fa9tly spott$ ) r$di% br[n or pale black4 ,! "m1 :o alone broods & hat*es h] "y 9 f sev5te5 to n9ete5 days1 is mu* atta*$ to h] *>ge1 & 9 e respect conducts h]self l a female ,snipe2 :il/ h] sp\se does n conc]n himself 9 ! lea/ ab\t ! ris+ g5]ation1 b fights incessantly ?r\gh\t ! :ole bre$+ season1 aft] :i* he flies ab\t reg>dless ( 8 family1 until ! "t comes = seek+ 8 w9t] qu>t]s4 ,^! birds are only summ] visitors to ,engl&1 appe>+ 9 ,april & tak+ leave 9 autumn2 =m]ly1 h[ev]1 _m ,ruffs rema9$ ?r\gh\t ! w>m season1 to bre$ 9 ! f5ny di/ricts1 & 7 caught 9 consid]able numb]s 9 ,l9coln%ire4 ,s9ce ! dra9+ ( ! f5s !y h become comp>atively sc>ce4 ,"s ye>s ago !y 7 regul>ly procur$ & fatt5$ = ! table4 ,montagu tells u t he visit$ ! room at ,spald+ :]e ! captives 7 kept1 & t 8 entrance drove !m f _! /&s1 compell+ "s to trespass on ! premises ( o!rs1 & ?us produc+ _m battles4 ,x is1 he says1 a rem>kable "* ( ^! birds t !y fe$ mo/ gre$ily ! mom5t !y are tak54 ,no soon] is a bas9 ( bread & milk put be=e !m ?an x is in/antly cont5d$ =2 & s pugnaci\s is _! disposition1 t !y w\ld />ve 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty if sev]al di%es ( food 7 n plac$ among !m at a di/ance f "o ano!r4 ,! capture ( ^! birds 0 =m]ly effect$ by means ( clap-nets1 ) /uff$ birds z decoys1 plac$ ar\nd ! hills :]e !y assembl$ 9 ! spr+ previ\s to incubation1 & plac$ 9 su* a mann] z to be movable by means ( a long /r+1 ?us produc+ a j]k resembl+ ! jump s common among ! ,ruffs 7:o1 at ! sight ( a w&]] fly+ by1 w leap or flit a y>d (f ! gr\nd71 & by t means induce ^? on ! w+ to alight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,phal>opes 7,phal>opi7 possess a mod]ate-siz$1 delicate beak1 :i* is slightly curv$ at its tip4 ,9 "s species ! bill is n broad] ?an x is high1 9 o!rs x is some:at flatt5$ 9 front4 ,! weak l[ feet are b>e1 & furni%$ ) f\r toes1 ( :i* ! ?ree ant]ior are unit$ at ! base1 & m or less lob$ on ! sides z f> z ! tips2 ! h9d toe is %ort1 elevat$1 & m>g9$ slightly by a n>r[ membrane4 ,! w+ is long & po9t$1 ) its fir/ quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! %ort r\nd$ tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,9 _! mode ( life ^! birds diff] f all o!r memb]s ( ! fea!r$ creation4 ,_! plumage is ?ick & closely set2 & ! toes be+ unit$ at ! base by a web1 besides be+ bord]$ by a cont9uation ( t membrane1 make ! feet effici5t z paddles1 al?\gh !y are equally adapt$ = progression on dry l&4 ,! accompli%m5ts ( ! ,phal>ope are1 !re=e1 v v>i$--!y fly rapidly1 l ! ,snipes2 run1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,s&pip]s2 & swim1 n only ) all ! facility ( ,ducks1 b v5ture out ^u ! surface ( ! ocean ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! r\ghe/ waves4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season !y repair to ! coa/1 :]e !y build a neat ne/1 compos$ ( grass & we$s1 ^u ! sea-%ore1 or 9 "s slight holl[ on ! gr\nd4 ,! eggs are f\r 9 numb]4 ,! usual habitat ( ! ,phal>opes is 9 ! ,arctic & ,nor!rn ,seas1 f :5ce !y b r>ely w&] f>1 _! migrations usually be+ conf9$ to ! surface ( ! ocean4 ,,! ,,hyp]borean ,,phal>ope4 ,! ,,hyp]borean ,,phal>ope 7,lobipes hyp]boreus1 or ,phal>opus hyp]boreus7 resembles ! ,s&pip]s 9 "s respects1 b diff]s f !m 9 ! comp>ative %ortness ( its tail & sl5d]ness ( its beak4 ,^u ! upp] portions ( ! body ! fea!rs are blacki% grey1 & on ! l[] back & %\ld]s black edg$ ) r$di% yell[2 ! sides ( ! nape are ru/-r$1 ! ?roat & "u p>ts grey1 %ad+ into :ite on ! sides & crop4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot lead-grey1 ) ! web & project+ edges yell[i% & grey4 ,! male is f six in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s to sev5 in*es long1 & f twelve in*es & two-?irds to twelve in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s broad2 ! w+ measures f\r1 & ! tail two in*es4 ,! female is ab\t a l9e long]1 & "o in* broad] ?an h] mate4 ,^! birds inhabit ! nor?-ea/]n portions ( ,europe & ,nor!rn ,asia1 & are num]\s ^u ! ext5sive lakes & riv]s ( ,sib]ia & ,nor? ,am]ica2 _! range1 h[ev]1 probably does n ext5d f> s\?1 ev5 dur+ ! c\rse ( _! migrations4 ,) u !y frequ5t ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 :]e !y arrive ab\t ,july1 & dep>t aga9 z w9t] approa*es4 ,9 its habits ?is species is ess5tially aquatic4 ,x swims ) ! utmo/ buoyancy & ease1 ?\gh x is n kn[n to dive ev5 :5 h>d press$2 &1 accord+ to ,audubon1 indulges 9 ! rem>kable habit ( alight+ :il/ at sea1 ev5 at a di/ance ( "o hundr$ miles f %ore1 on b$s ( float+ seawe$1 ov] :i* its lob$ feet enable x to run ) great lightness & rapidity4 ,its flight is /rong & swift1 b :5 on ! gr\nd its movem5ts are inf]ior 9 agility to ^? ( ! ,tr+as4 ,insects1 worms1 & m9ute mollusca =m its pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce1 ^! x obta9s f among tangl$ b$s ( float+ seawe$1 or z x moves lightly ov] ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! call is a %>p cle> tweet1 tweet4 ,audubon m5tions hav+ se5 little p>ties ( ^! birds liv+ 9 pairs ^u ! small fre%-wat] lakes 9 ,labrador1 ne> :i* !y also bre$4 ,! ne/1 :i* is usually made 9 a holl[ 9 m>%es1 or on ! isl&s ( fre%-wat] lakes1 is =m$ pr9cipally ( grass1 & cov]$ ) a few bits ( hay or moss4 ,! eggs1 f "o to f\r 9 numb]1 h usually a d>k olive-col\r$ %ell1 ?ickly spott$ ) black4 ,! "y gr[ rapidly1 & are anxi\sly t5d$ by _! p>5ts1 :o employ a v>iety ( artifices to lure /rang]s f ! ne/4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,phal>ope4 ,! ,,r$ ,,phal>ope 7,phal>opus rufus7 repres5ts a gr\p ( ! above birds recognisable by _! sup]ior l5g? ( tail & ! con/ruction ( ! beak1 :i* is z long z ! head1 & flat & curv$ at its extremity4 ,?is species is l>g] ?an ! ,phal>opus hyp]boreus1 be+ fully eight in*es long1 & ne>ly f\rte5 broad2 ! w+s measure five in*es1 & ! tail two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,^u ! cr[n1 back1 & %\ld]s1 ! fea!rs are black1 edg$ ) ru/-r$2 ! l[] back1 upp] w+-cov]s1 & sides ( ! tail are d>k grey2 & ! "u side is ( a beautiful br[ni% r$4 ,! female is jet-black ^u ! cr[n & nape1 & exhibits two greyi% black /ripes :i* pass d[n ! sides ( ! head1 ! back & %\ld] fea!rs are bluei% grey1 d>kly %aft$1 & ^? on ! "u p>ts ( ! body :ite1 edg$ ) grey at ! sides4 ,! native haunts ( ^! birds1 accord+ to ,g\ld1 are ! regions )9 ! ,arctic ,circle1 :]e !y live dur+ summ]1 migrat+ z w9t] approa*es to m temp]ate climes1 & disp]s+ s+ly or 9 pairs ?r\gh\t mo/ ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 be+ especially num]\s 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,?is species is abundant 9 _m p>ts ( ,asia & ,am]ica4 ,al?\gh its p[]s ( w+ are v great1 says ! above writ]1 we _c look = its p]iodical visits ) any c]ta9ty2 & ! places1 moreov]1 :i* x selects are sometimes v extraord9>y4 ,= in/ance1 x w cont9ue = weeks1 if unmole/$1 ab\t a puddle 9 a f>my>d1 manife/+ a famili> & unsuspect+ disposition1 & all[+ itself to be approa*$ ) fre$om4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 conf9e itself to "o spot1 b aft] rema9+ at a c]ta9 place f ?ree to f\r weeks1 sudd5ly dep>ts2 if on ! approa* ( spr+1 t[>ds ! nor?1 & 9 autumn t[>ds ! s\?4 ,e ,european c\ntry is visit$1 ?\gh at unc]ta9 & (t5 long int]vals4 ,! ,r$ ,phal>ope swims well1 & takes its food 9 ! surface ( ! wat] ) ! utmo/ agility & address2 inde$ x seeks its n\ri%m5t !re alone1 & :il/ ?us engag$ displays a great v>iety ( graceful attitudes & manuvres4 ,ev5 if closely approa*$ x exhibits no fe>1 b quietly cont9ues its se>* = ! aquatic insects & small ?9-sk9n$ cru/aceans on :i* x subsi/s4 ,audubon gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a l>ge flock ( ^! birds t he met ) on ! %ores ( ! ,ohio4 ,!y swam beautifully & play$ lightly ab\t z !y pick$ up sub/ances float+ 9 ! wat]1 disp]s$ aga9 & aga91 until at l5g? com+ opposite to a small s&-b>1 /ret*+ out f ! %ore to ! di/ance ( a few y>ds1 !y direct$ _! c\rse t[>ds x1 & wad$ out4 ,:5 j l&+ !y 7 s close to ea* o!r t ,i c\ld n )/& ! temptation1 & s levell$ my gun1 pull$ bo? trigg]s1 & saw t ,i _h made consid]able havoc among !m4 ,^? :i* _h n be5 hit flew 9 a compact body1 :ile ! birds t _h be5 b slightly w\nd$ made = ! wat] & swam away s fa/ t !y seem$ to be runn+ on ! surface4 ,! f\r eggs laid by ?is species h a /one-col\r$ %ell1 spott$ & speckl$ ) d>k br[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,long%anks 7,totani7 con/itute a gr\p possess+ light sl5d] bodies1 mod]ately long necks1 & small heads4 ,! w+s are long & po9t$1 ) ! fir/ quill exce$+ ! re/ 9 l5g?2 ! %ort tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & is ei!r graduat$1 w$ge-l1 or r\nd$ at its extremity4 ,! beak is ei!r z long z1 or long] ?an1 ! head1 & furni%$ ) a po9t$ tip2 ?is diff]5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( ! bill enables ^! birds to seize _! food among gravel or /ones on ! %ores ( lakes & riv]s1 or on ! coa/1 in/ead ( seek+ x by prob+ s(t s& & mud4 ,! foot is v>i\sly =m$1 be+ 9 "s in/ances high & ?91 & 9 o!rs %ort & p[]ful2 ! toes are ?ree or f\r 9 numb]4 ,! %ort compact plumage1 :i* is m\lt$ twice 9 ! ye>1 is ( sombre hue2 male & female are almo/ alike1 bo? 9 _! coloration & size4 ,^! birds pr9cipally frequ5t ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe1 & f !nce w&] =? into w>m] latitudes1 :]e !y n only live1 b bre$4 ,riv]-banks1 m>%es1 & ! %ores ( fre%-wat] lakes1 are _! usual haunts2 :il/ "s few occupy ! sea-coa/1 & o!rs frequ5t moi/ woods4 ,dur+ ! w9t] !y associate ) _m v>ieties ( _! fea!r$ bre?r51 ^: society !y appe> to pref] to t ( _! own species4 ,!y walk well1 fly rapidly & easily1 & = ! mo/ "p dive ) facility1 rema9+ "u wat] = a consid]able "t1 & com+ up at a di/ance f ! place :]e !y w5t d[n4 ,:ile ?us progress+ !y are suppos$ to move by ! ag5cy ( _! w+s4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances1 h[ev]1 !y m]ely /& :ile fi%+1 keep+ only _! head & neck bel[ ! surface z !y explore ! gr\nd b5ea?4 ,9 all ! v>i\s species ! voice is high1 flute-l1 & resonant4 ,! food ( ! ,totani consi/s ( insects1 worms1 small molluscs1 & fi%es1 & is obta9$1 n by prob+ ! e>?1 a process to :i* _! h>d %>p bill is n adapt$1 b f ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 or f among/ /ones & gravel4 ,%ortly aft] ! sn[ has melt$1 ^! birds comm5ce ! duties att5dant on incubation1 & resort to _! fav\rite fre%-wat] m>%es or moi/ woods = ! purpose ( bre$+4 ,! ne/1 :i* is usually situat$ on ! gr\nd among ! grass1 is a m]e depression1 made smoo? & neat )91 & l9$ ) grass or any simil> mat]ials4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 ! ,totani build ^u l[ trees1 /ones1 or bran*es1 ei!r mak+ a small abode = !mselves ) moss & o!r vegetable matt]1 or us+ a des]t$ ne/ z a repository = _! "y family4 ,! l>ge pe>-%ap$ eggs are f\r 9 numb]1 & h an olive-gre5 %ell1 m>k$ ) br[ni% grey4 ,! female alone broods1 :il/ h] mate busies himself 9 anxi\s endeav\rs to protect h] & h] *>ge by fly+ ar\nd ) tr\bl$ cries %\ld !y be di/urb$4 ,! "y c leave ! ne/ z soon z !y quit ! %ell1 &1 if al>m$1 at once conceal !mselves ) mu* adroitness ^u ! gr\nd or 9 ! grass4 ,:5 fl$g$ !y usually fly ab\t to v consid]able di/ances ov] ! c\ntry1 until ! season arrives = comm5c+ _! w9t] migration4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,true ,,s&pip]s 7,actitis7 are small1 delicately-=m$ birds1 ) /raight1 flexible1 b h>d-tipp$ beaks2 ! mod]ate-siz$1 cresc5t-%ap$ w+ is r po9t$ at its extremity2 & ! long graduat$ tail compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! s(t compact plumage is peculi> bo? 9 its coloration & m>k+s1 & v>ies b little at diff]5t seasons4 ,! females are some:at small] ?an _! mates4 ,,! ,,common ,,s&pip]4 ,! ,,common ,,s&pip] 7,actitis hypoleucos7 is ( a yell[-br[n on ! upp] portion ( ! body1 %ad$ ) gre5 & purple1 & m>k$ ) black4 ,! fea!rs on ! side ( ! crop are ( a br[ni% hue1 ) %afts & oval spots ( a deep] %ade4 ,^? on ! "u side are :ite2 ! prim>ies are br[ni% black1 delicately bord]$ ) :iti% grey t[>ds ! tips1 & f ! ?ird quill decorat$ ) :ite spots1 :i* gradually increase 9 size z !y approa* ! body4 ,! l[] second>ies are pale blacki% br[n1 ) :ite roots & tips2 ! c5tre tail-fea!rs br[ni% grey1 %aft$ ) black1 & spott$ & edg$ ) r$di% yell[2 ! re/ :ite1 m or less /rip$ ) black4 ,! eye is br[n2 ! beak greyi% black1 ) light] base1 & ! foot lead-grey4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is f sev5 in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s to eight in*es1 & f twelve in*es & a half to ?irte5 in*es broad4 ,! w+ measures f\r in*es1 & ! tail two in*es & a half4 ,! ,common ,s&pip]s are abundantly met ) on all ! /reams1 lakes1 & sea-coa/s ( ! nor!rn portions ( bo? hemisph]es1 & bo? live & bre$ 9 ! temp]ate latitudes1 rema9+ 9 ! latt] f "o ye> to ano!r1 :ile su* z occupy ! cold] regions w&] z f> z ,s\!rn ,europe & ,nor!rn ,africa4 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& are regul>ly visit$ dur+ ! summ] by ^! birds1 b !y d n1 we believe1 resort to ! ,orkney or ,%etl& ,isles4 ,a correspond5t1 quot$ by ,y>rell1 :o writes f ! vic9ity ( ,cli!roe1 says1 ,! ,common ,s&pip] bre$s ) u1 & ?is ye> ,i />t$ an old "o f h] ne/ at ! root ( a fir-tree4 ,%e scream$ out & roll$ ab\t 9 su* a mann]1 & seem$ s completely disabl$1 t al?\gh p]fectly aw>e t h] int5tion 0 to allure me f h] ne/1 ,i c\ld n resi/ my incl9ation to pursue h]1 & 9 consequ5ce ,i _h great difficulty 9 f9d+ ! ne/ aga94 ,x 0 built ( a few dri$ leaves ( a ,weym\? p9e1 & conta9$ ?ree "y ones j hat*$1 & an egg ?r\gh ! %ell ( :i* ! bill ( ! "y *ick 0 j mak+ its way2 yet1 "y z !y 71 on my tak+ out ! egg to exam9e x1 ! little ?+s1 :i* c\ld n h be5 out ( _! %ells m ?an an h\r or two1 set (f out ( ! ne/ ) z mu* cel]ity z if !y _h be5 runn+ ab\t = a =tnight4 ,! ,common ,s&pip]s appe> 9 ,c5tral ,europe t[>ds ! middle ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may1 & by ,july h re>$ _! "y1 & comm5c$ fly+ ab\t ! c\ntry previ\s to leav+ x1 :i* !y d ab\t ! second or ?ird week 9 ,septemb]4 ,_! migrations are c>ri$ on 9 small p>ties ( f six to tw5ty individuals1 & take place at night2 ! birds desc5d+1 :5 day breaks1 to seek = food ^u a riv]-bank or simil> locality1 & usually sleep+ = a few h\rs at noon4 ,%\ld ! *os5 spot prove attractive1 x is n uncommon = ^! p>ties to rema9 = sev]al days be=e resum+ _! j\rney4 ,s&y localities1 cov]$ ) bu%es or re$s1 are ! fav\rite resorts ( ^! birds2 ! latt] af=d+ a safe retreat 9 case ( dang] or al>m1 to :i* _! timid1 cauti\s disposition r5d]s !m peculi>ly susceptible4 ,naumann m5tions t a g>d5-seat plac$ ab\t f\r feet above ! surface ( a pond 9 8 g>d51 & ?ickly ov]hung ) bran*es & surr\nd$ by bu%es1 0 regul>ly select$ z a sleep+-place by all ! ,s&pip]s t cross$ 8 gr\nds dur+ _! migrations4 ,! movem5ts ( ?is species are 9 _m respects unlike o!rs ( its k9d2 x /&s erect1 walks ) an active tripp+ /ep1 & con/antly :ips its tail :ile 9 motion4 ,! flight is swift & easy1 b1 unlike t ( mo/ o!r ,s&pip]s1 is seldom c>ri$ on at any great height 9 ! air1 ! bird usually sweep+ s close ov] ! surface ( ! wat] z almo/ to wet its w+s2 only :5 f9ally quitt+ a spot does x rise f> f ! e>?1 & rapidly seeks ano!r hunt+ gr\nd4 ,if mu* al>m$1 x betakes itself to ! wat]1 & ei!r swims or dives to a safe di/ance f ! place ( dang]4 ,al?\gh rem>kably %y1 ?is species appe>s readily to di/+ui% ^? :o are likely to mole/ x2 & exhibits su* adroitness 9 seek+ concealm5t z frequ5tly to escape ev5 f ! clut*es ( a ,sp>r[-hawk4 ,x seldom associates ) o!r %ore birds2 & ! bre$+ season once ov]1 ! pairs usually sep>ate1 &1 l _! companions1 g _! own way1 only jo9+ _! fell[s if ! *os5 spot be fav\rable = food1 )\t any ref]5ce to ea* o!r's pres5ce4 ,z ! season = incubation approa*es1 ! male birds exhibit mu* excitem5t1 & display !mselves to ! greate/ advantage1 d>t+ ?r\gh ! air 9 zigzag l9es1 & trill+ =? _! call 9 ! hope ( attract+ ! att5tion ( _! desir$ mates4 ,?is call1 :i* comm5ces 9 a l[ tone1 gradually swell+ & dy+ away1 is ex*ang$ at o!r times = a high1 cle>1 resonant1 pip+ note4 ,! ne/ is =m$ ( twigs1 re$s1 /ubble1 or dry leaves1 & is plac$ at a safe di/ance f ! wat]1 b5ea? a %elt]+ %rub or bu%4 ,! pe>-%ap$ eggs v>y some:at 9 size & =m1 & h a delicate1 glossy1 r$di% yell[ %ell1 m>k$ & spott$ ) v>i\s %ades ( br[n4 ,bo? sexes brood1 & exhibit great uneas9ess :5 di/urb$2 %\ld !y be depriv$ ( an egg !y at once des]t _! po/4 ,! "y are hat*$ 9 ab\t a =tnight1 b rema9 a little long] "u ! "m's w+1 aft] :i* !y are l$ =? to seek _! own food1 & 9 f\r weeks are fully fl$g$ & self dep5d5t4 ,! p>5ts display mu* anxiety = ! safety ( _! little family1 &1 if mole/$1 express _! al>m by l\d cries2 :il/ ! "y at once hurry to a place ( concealm5t1 & rema9 s quiet z to r5d] _! discov]y almo/ impossible )\t ! aid ( a dog4 ,insects1 l>v1 & worms =m ! usual f>e ( ! ,common ,s&pip]s1 & 9 se>* ( ^! !y (t5 display mo/ amus+ dext]ity1 g5tly approa*+ su* active-w+$ prey z flies & gnats1 ) e sign ( extreme caution1 & !n snapp+ up ! desir$ morsels by an almo/ un]r+ /roke4 ,,! ,,gre5%ank4 ,! ,,gre5%ank 7,glottis *loropus7 repres5ts a gr\p di/+ui%$ by _! long1 sl5d]1 h>d beak1 :i* curves decid$ly upw>ds1 & _! high gre5 feet1 :i* h ! toes connect$ by a sk94 ,! species we h select$ z a type ( ! re/ is ! l>ge/ ( all1 be+ f twelve to ?irte5 in*es long1 & f tw5ty-"o & a half to tw5ty-two in*es across ! w+s4 ,! w+ measures sev5 & ! tail ?ree in*es4 ,! fea!rs on ! upp] portions ( ! body are black1 edg$ ) :ite2 ! l[] back1 rump1 & "u side are pure :ite z f> z ! brea/1 :i* is /rip$ & spott$ ) black2 ! tail is grey 9 ! c5tre1 & spott$ :ite & black at its sides4 ,dur+ ! autumn ! head1 nape1 & sides ( ! ?roat are /rip$ greyi%-black & :ite1 & ! mantle-fea!rs deep grey1 spott$ & %aft$ ) black1 & edg$ ) :ite2 ^? on ! l[] web & crop are /rip$ & %aft$ ) black4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak blacki% gre51 & ! foot greyi% gre54 ,! ,gre5%ank pr9cipally inhabits ! nor!rn portions ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e1 & f !nce w&]s z f> z ,india1 ,s\!rn ,*9a1 & ,africa4 ,9 ,au/ralia ^! birds are n se51 & x is /ill d\btful :e!r !y visit ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,sib]ia !y are rem>kably num]\s dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,su* ( ?is species z appe> 9 ,c5tral ,europe arrive ab\t ! end ( ,july1 & w&] ab\t ov] ! face ( ! c\ntry till ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 :5 !y comm5ce leav+ 9 ord] to w9t] fur!r s\?4 ,9 ,april & ,may !y return to ! nor?1 travell+ by night1 & only r>ely p]=m+ ev5 a %ort "p ( ! j\rney dur+ ! day4 ,! ,gre5%ank is a summ] visitor to ,great ,brita91 & is pr9cipally se5 dur+ its spr+ & autumnal migrations4 ,9 ! ,hebrides1 says ,macgillivray1 x is met ) 9 e>ly spr+1 & g5]ally dep>ts 9 ,octob]1 al?\gh ,i h obs]v$ individuals !re 9 ,novemb]4 ,previ\s to ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season1 & aft] ! "y are fl$g$1 x resorts to ! %ores ( ! sea1 frequ5t+ pools ( bracki% wat] at ! head ( ! s&-=ds1 & ! %all[ m>g9s ( bays & creeks4 ,its habits are v simil> to ^? ( ! ,r$%ank1 ) :i* x associates 9 autumn4 ,x is extremely %y & vigilant1 insomu* t we c v seldom %oot x unless aft] x has deposit$ its eggs4 ,_m individuals rema9 dur+ ! summ]1 :5 !y are to be f\nd by ! lakes 9 ! int]ior2 inde$1 ! numb] ( !m 9 ,ui/1 ,h>ris1 & ,lewis is a/oni%+4 ,at t season x is v easily discov]$1 = :5 y are p]haps m ?an a qu>t] ( a mile di/ant x rises into ! air ) clamor\s cries1 al>m+ all ! birds 9 its neighb\rhood1 flies r\nd ! place ( its ne/1 n[ :eel+ (f to a di/ance1 aga9 advanc+ t[>ds y1 & at int]vals alight+ by ! edge ( ! lake1 :5 x cont9ues its cries1 vibrat+ its body all ! :ile4 ,i once f\nd a ne/ ( ?is bird 9 ! ,isl& ( ,h>ris4 ,x 0 at a consid]able di/ance f ! wat]1 & consi/$ ( a few fragm5ts ( hea? & "s blades ( grass1 plac$ 9 a holl[ cavity scrap$ 9 ! turf1 9 an expos$ place4 ,! ne/1 9 fact1 resembl$ t ( ! ,gold5 ,plov]1 ! ,curlew1 or ! ,lapw+4 ,! eggs1 plac$ ) _! n>r[ ends toge!r1 7 f\r 9 numb]1 pyri=m1 l>g] ?an ^? ( ! ,lapw+1 & small] ?an ^? ( ! ,gold5 ,plov]1 equally po9t$ ) ! latt]1 b proportionately broad]1 & m r\nd$ at ! l>g] end ?an ei!r4 ,! high cle> cry ( ?is bird has be5 comp>$ by ,y>rell to ! s\nd ( ! syllables *io1 *io4 ,insects1 l>v1 "y frogs1 & small fi%es are all dev\r$ by ! ,gre5%ank2 b x is at pres5t undecid$ z to :at may be reg>d$ z its pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce1 nor are we mu* bett] in=m$ conc]n+ its habits dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation1 except t x bre$s 9 ! nor?-ea/]n portions ( ! globe1 & =ms a slight ne/ ( blades ( grass1 ^u a gre5 knoll1 usually b5ea? ! %elt] ( a tree4 ,! f\r l>ge eggs are deposit$ 9 ,june1 & h a pale gre5i% yell[ %ell1 m>k$ ) br[ni% grey & r$di% br[n spots ( v>i\s sizes4 ,! eggs ( ! ,gre5%ank are reg>d$ z among ! greate/ r>ities ( oological collections4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,godwits 7,limosa7 are recognisable by _! l>ge p[]ful body1 mod]ate-siz$ neck1 & small head4 ,! high sl5d] foot is f\r-to$1 & ! w+ long & po9t$1 ) ! fir/ quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! %ort1 some:at r\nd$ tail1 is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! smoo? ?ick plumage is ( v uni=m hue1 & v>ies accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 ,! birds ( ?is sub-family h "s resemblance to ! ,snipes1 & also to ! ,tr+2 b _! legs are long] & some:at /\t] 9 proportion to _! size4 ,! *ief diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! bill1 :i* 9 birds t z f> z reg>ds _! haunts are su* close neighb\rs1 is ! mo/ important4 ,! beak ( ! ,godwits is v long1 s(t1 & flexible2 its :ole l5g? is r compress$1 & triangul> at ! base1 depress$ 9 ! re/ ( ! l5g?1 & dilat$ & obtuse at ! tip4 ,x has be5 describ$ z1 n a snapp+ bill1 nor a bor+ bill1 nei!r is x a scoop+ bill1 nor a dabbl+ bill2 inde$1 x is difficult to f9d a s+le epi!t descriptive ( ! function x p]=ms1 or r ( ! mann] 9 :i* x p]=ms its functions4 ,x is n %ovell+ or scoop+1 = ^! birds d n remove f its place ! sludge & s$im5t ( ! wat] among :i* !y seek _! food2 & !y d n dabble & wa% ! mud z ,ducks d1 till !y f9d ! sub/ance ( :i* !y are 9 que/4 ',pok+' is ! ne>e/ epi!t1 b does n express ! action exactly1 z !y 'try ab\t' & select _! food by ! s5se ( t\*1 & n by sight4 ,^! ,godwits are m ( a wad+ habit ?an ! ,snipes1 yet _! food is n f\nd 9 ! wat]1 b 9 ! ooze2 & if ! ooze is s(t en\gh to be p5etrat$ by ! bill1 ! fact ( its be+ ) or )\t a small /ratum ( wat] ov] x is ( little consequ5ce4 ,_! food consi/s *iefly ( mud-worms1 mud-insects1 & mud-l>v1 & ! places :i* !y frequ5t are ! localities 9 :i* ^! mo/ ab\nd4 ,! banks ( ! eddies ( sl[-runn+ /reams1 or ! accumulation ( sludge t is left b>e 9 ! e/u>ies & creeks ^u ! %ores ( l[ ri* l&1 on ! ebb+ ( ! tide1 & especially ! /reams ( mud f ! ri*] gr\nd into ! pools ( f5s1 are ! fav\rite resorts ( ^! birds4 ,!y bre$ 9 ! f5s1 at a consid]able di/ance inl&1 if ! gr\nd is suitable1 b !y desc5d ne>] to ! sea 9 w9t]4 ,9 _! inl& haunts !y hide !mselves dur+ ! heat ( ! day among ! long grass :]e !y h _! ne/s2 b :5 ne> ! sea1 _! re/+-"t v>ies ) t at :i* ! tide leaves _! fe$+-places 9 ! be/ condition4 ,godwits run v fa/1 & make _! escape to a consid]able di/ance be=e tak+ w+1 at :i* "t !y utt] a v l\d1 h>%1 & some:at bleat+ note4 ,^! birds 7 =m]ly mu* m common ) u ?an !y are n[1 & 7 reg>d$ by our =efa!rs z ! da9tie/ di% 9 ,engl&4 ,!y 7 sometimes valu$ z high z f\r nobles ! doz51 aft] !y _h be5 fatt5$ = ! m>ket on bread & milk4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,or ,,b>-,,tail$ ,,godwit4 ,! ,,r$ or ,,b>-,,tail$ ,,godwit 7,limosa rufa7 is on ! cr[n & nape ( a light ru/-r$1 /rip$ ) br[n4 ,! fea!rs on ! back & %\ld]s are black1 spott$ & edg$ ) ru/-r$2 ^? ( ! w+-cov]s grey ) :ite bord]s4 ,! rump is :ite1 spott$ ) br[n4 ,! eyebr[s1 ?roat1 sides ( neck1 & l[] p>ts ( ! body are bright1 d>k ru/-r$2 ! sides ( ! brea/ & l[] tail-cov]s spott$ ) black4 ,! quills are black1 ve9$ ) :ite2 & ! tail grey1 /rip$ ) :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak r$di%1 tipp$ ) blacki% grey1 & ! foot black4 ,9 ! plumage ( ! female all ^! col\rs are dull]4 ,dur+ ! autumn ! coat is pr9cipally ( a greyi% %ade1 ! upp] portions ( ! body be+ grey1 spott$ ) blacki% br[n2 ! c5tre ( ! beak1 rump1 & l[] tail-cov]s are :ite4 ,?is species is fifte5 in*es & a half long & tw5ty-six broad2 ! w+ measures two in*es1 & ! tail two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,great numb]s ( ^! birds visit ,engl& bo? dur+ _! spr+ & autumnal migrations1 b !y h nev] be5 kn[n to bre$ 9 our isl&1 ?\gh "s few rema9 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,9 ,holl& & ! level p>ts ( ,france !y are f> m common1 & are annually kill$ 9 great numb]s = ! ,london m>ket4 ,! ,r$ ,godwits are usually met ) 9 small p>ties1 & g5]ally occupy ! muddy banks ( riv] m\?s or ! oozy %ores ( sea inlets1 z su* spots af=d a ri* supply ( ! worms1 small molluscs1 & aquatic animals ^u :i* !y subsi/4 ,9 ,april ! males acquire _! full beauty ( plumage1 & at once retire z f> nor? z ,icel&1 ,lapl&1 & ,sw$5 to bre$4 ,^u ! w+ _! movem5ts are p[]ful1 ?\gh n v rapid4 ,if di/urb$ !y utt] a cry some:at resembl+ ! bleat ( a goat4 ,we are almo/ entirely )\t reliable p>ticul>s respect+ ! incubation ( ?is bird4 ,,! ,,black-,,w+$ ,,/ilt4 ,! ,,black-,,w+$ ,,/ilt 7,hypsibates himantopus1 or ,himantopus melanopt]us7 has a small slight body1 sl5d] neck1 mod]ate-siz$ head1 & a long1 weak1 /raight bill1 :i* is broad & s(t at its base1 r\nd$ at ! culm51 & curv$ at its sl5d] tip2 ! high1 weak1 & unusually long foot is unfea!r$1 & furni%$ ) ?ree toes2 ^! are connect$ by a %ort sk91 & arm$ ) small1 sl5d]1 %>p claws4 ,! long1 po9t$ w+s h ! fir/ quill v consid]ably long] ?an ! re/2 ! m$ium-siz$ tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! %ort compact plumage1 :i* is ( an almo/ fur-l texture on ! "u side1 v>ies mu* 9 appe>ance1 accord+ to ! season or age ( ! bird4 ,9 spr+1 ! back ( ! head1 ! nape1 & a n>r[ /ripe across ! mantle are black1 ! latt] is %ad$ ) gre52 ! tail is a%-grey2 & ! re/ ( ! plumage :ite1 delicately t9t$ ) rose-r$ on ! =e p>ts ( ! body4 ,9 ! female ! hues are less cle>ly def9$1 & ! :ite less pure2 ! tail is lu/reless1 & ! d>k /ripe on ! nape pal] b broad] ?an 9 ! male bird4 ,9 w9t] ! head & nape are ( a greyi% %ade4 ,! "y h ! "u side greyi% :ite1 ! nape grey m>k$ ) :ite1 & ! %\ld]-fea!rs grey4 ,9 all ! eye is ( a beautiful c>m9e-r$2 ! beak black1 & ! foot pale c>m9e or rose-r$4 ,?is species is f\rte5 in*es & a half long1 & tw5ty-sev5 broad2 ! w+ measures n9e & ! tail ?ree in*es4 ,! ,black-w+$ ,/ilt inhabits ,s\!rn & ,s\?-ea/]n ,europe1 ,c5tral ,asia1 & ,nor!rn ,africa2 & dur+ ! c\rse ( its migrations visits ,india1 ! region ( ! l>ge salt lakes 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 & ! c\ntries wat]$ by ! ,upp] ,nile4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,russia & ,egypt x is rem>kably num]\s1 & rema9s ?r\gh\t ! entire ye>2 9 ,hung>y x is also extremely common2 :il/ 9 ,spa91 ,greece1 & ,s\!rn ,italy x only appe>s :5 j\rney+ to or f its w9t] qu>t]s4 ,su* ( ^! birds z occupy ,s\!rn ,europe usually frequ5t ! vic9ity ( ext5sive lakes1 & lead a mo/ retir$ life2 b 9 ,egypt1 on ! contr>y1 flocks numb]+ "s two hundr$ or ?ree hundr$ individuals1 v5ture boldly into & ab\t ! villages1 :]ev] small pieces ( wat] are to be f\nd1 & all[ a man to approa* !m )9 a few paces )\t any demon/ration ( al>m4 ,^! w9t] gue/s rema9 almo/ /ation>y ?r\gh\t ! cold season1 & dur+ t "t become v fat4 ,t[>ds ,april mo/ ( ! flock disappe>1 :ile "s few rema9 to bre$4 ,9 ,engl&1 accord+ to ,y>rell1 ?is bird is an accid5tal ?\gh n unfrequ5t visitor4 ,on ! #i? ( ,june1 #ahbb1 says ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,lubbock1 ,i 0 return+ 9 ! ev5+ f fi%+ ^u ,hickl+ ,broad1 9 ,norfolk1 :5 a bird ( ?is species flew pa/ ! boat )9 ?irty y>ds4 ,! legs 7 ext5d$ beh9d1 ev5 m 9 proportion ?an ^? ( a ,h]on2 ! w+s 7 v mu* ar*$2 ! flight vigor\s & regul>4 ,! col\r & ! l5g? ( limb made me guess :at x mu/ be4 ,we se>*$ = x e>ly next morn+1 & f\nd x precisely 9 ! same place z ! ev5+ be=e1 b x 0 /&+ 9 a %all[ pool ( wat]1 mid-leg deep1 app>5tly snapp+ at ! insects z !y buzz$ ar\nd x4 ,al?\gh ! ,black-w+$ ,/ilts _c be reg>d$ z sea-birds1 !y pref] salt wat]1 & occasionally appe> on ! actual coa/1 9 company ) sev]al ( its regul> occupants4 ,salt lakes & ponds are1 h[ev]1 _! fav\rite resorts1 except dur+ ! bre$+ season1 :5 !y seek ! vic9ity ( fre% or bracki% wat]4 ,^! birds are em95tly social 9 _! habits1 & usually live 9 small companies ( f six to twelve individuals1 only keep+ ap>t 9 pairs dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation1 & aga9 assembl+1 b 9 l>ge flocks1 ?r\gh\t ! w9t] mon?s4 ,insects ( v>i\s k9ds1 pr9cipally flies1 gnats1 beetles1 & l>v1 =m _! pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce1 & ^! !y seize ) equal address f ! surface ( ! wat]1 9 ! air1 or f amid/ ! mud & slime4 ,9 ,egypt ?is species bre$s 9 ,april1 & 9 ,may con/ructs a c>eless ne/ ( co>se grass4 ,wilson tells u t a ne>ly-alli$ bird inhabit+ ,am]ica m]ely places a b$ ( dry grass ^u ! m>%y gr\nd to receive ! eggs :5 fir/ deposit$1 b aft]w>ds con/ructs a regul> ne/ ( a v>iety ( dry mat]ials1 :i* are heap$ toge!r till !y frequ5tly =m a mass weigh+ two or ?ree p\nds4 ,! eggs1 :i* are g5]ally f\r 9 numb]1 resemble ^? ( ! ,peewit 9 =m & size1 b h a f> m delicate %ell1 ( a br[ni%1 olive1 or gre5i% yell[1 m>k$ ) grey & r$di% br[n spots ( v>i\s %apes & sizes1 :i* are mo/ ?ickly /rewn ov] ! broad end4 ,9 ,hung>y ! fle% ( ! ,black-w+$ ,/ilt is eat5 dur+ ! w9t]1 b ev5 at t season is n v palatable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,scoop+ ,,avocets 7,recurviro/r7 are recognisable by _! p[]ful body1 mod]ately long1 ?9 neck1 l>ge head1 & long sl5d] beak1 groov$ on its sides to ! middle1 & compress$ t[>ds its acute tip1 :i* is curv$ ei!r upw>ds or d[nw>ds4 ,! m>g9s are %>p & entire1 ! bill h>d & smoo?4 ,! long sl5d] t>si are cov]$ ) scales2 & ! v long p[]ful foot furni%$ ) f\r toes2 ! latt] are sometimes unit$ by a web 9 front1 ! h9d toe be+ ei!r extremely %ort or undevelop$4 ,! long1 po9t$ w+s h ! fir/ quill long] ?an ! re/4 ,! %ort r\nd$ tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! plumage ( ! back is close & compact1 & t ( ! "u side ( d[ny texture4 ,^! birds inhabit mo/ c\ntries ( our globe1 & frequ5t ! swampy m>g9s ( riv]s1 or salt m>%es1 :]e !y are usually se5 9 pools ( %all[ wat]1 flutt]+ _! w+s1 & %ak+ _! half-b5t legs1 an action :i* causes !m to appe> z if !y w\ld tumble ov]1 :ile at ! same "t !y utt] a %>p note l ! syllable click (t5 repeat$4 ,occasionally !y are se5 collect$ 9 small gr\ps1 on op5 d[ns cov]$ ) grasses & o!r k9ds ( vegetation1 :51 if al>m$1 !y frequ5tly run (f 9 a /raight l9e1 or fly v close to ! gr\nd4 ,_! mode ( fe$+ is by scoop+1 or z x 7 beat+ ! s(t soil ) _! flat upturn$ bill2 & :5 ?us engag$ !y are g5]ally se5 wad+ up to _! brea/s 9 ! pools left by ! rec$+ tide4 ,!y nev] swim volunt>ily1 al?\gh furni%$ ) feet s ext5sively palmat$ z to h induc$ ! e>ly sy/emati/s to place !m among ! swimm+ birds2 nev]!less1 ?is /ructure is an admirable provision to enable !m to trav]se ! s(t & yield+ mud 9 :i* !y f9d _! food4 ,! ne/ is g5]ally =m$ ( dry grasses1 seawe$s1 & small twigs1 heap$ up to ! ?ickness ( sev]al in*es1 & plac$ among ?ick tufts ( grass1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( %all[ wat]4 ,! eggs are f\r 9 numb]4 ,,! ,,scoop+ ,,avocet4 ,! ,,scoop+ ,,avocet 7,recurviro/ra avocetta7 is black ^u ! top ( ! head1 nape1 %\ld]s1 & a l>ge portion ( ! w+s2 ! re/ ( ! latt] & ! rema9d] ( ! entire plumage is :ite4 ,! eye is r$di% br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot greyi% blue4 ,9 ! female1 ^! col\rs are less di/9ct2 9 ! "y ! black fea!rs h a br[ni% %ade1 & ^? on ! w+s are edg$ ) r$di% grey4 ,! upcurv$ bill ( ?is bird is mo/ rem>kable1 & entirely unsuit$ to probe ! gr\nd or break ! %ell ( ord9>y-siz$ molluscs4 ,! slighte/ fro/1 !re=e1 drives ! ,avocet to ! oozy muddy flats ( e/u>ies1 bays1 & simil> situations1 :]e x c patt] ab\t ) its wide-webb$ feet1 & ga!r small cru/aceans & sea-worms4 ,^? :o h se5 a ,/ork or a ,crane ) a frog at ! tip ( its long m&ibles1 & wat*$ x1 z1 ) an upw>d movem5t ( ! head1 x dropp$ ! victim into its ?roat1 w h a good idea ( ! action ( ! ,avocet :5 x has captur$ a small %rimp1 a m>9e insect1 or any o!r ( ! objects ^u :i* x lives1 & at once p]ceive t1 ) su* a peculi>ly-=m$ beak1 x c\ld n fe$ 9 any o!r mann]4 ,! ,scoop+ ,avocets are num]\sly met ) ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e1 ev5 z f> s\? z ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2 9 ,c5tral ,europe !y appe> 9 ,april1 & comm5ce leav+ aga9 ab\t ,septemb]4 ,a c5tury ago1 be=e ! ,engli% f5s 7 dra9$1 !y 7 common 9 ! m>%es ( ,norfolk & ,l9coln%ire2 b are n[ r>ely se54 ,^! birds only frequ5t ! imm$iate vic9ity ( salt wat]1 & are almo/ exclusively met ) on %all[ muddy sea-coa/s1 or ! slimy banks ( bracki% lakes4 ,:5 occupy+ ! %ores1 !y foll[ ! advance & recess ( ! tide 9 se>* ( food1 & are (t5 se5 half a mile out ^u ! s&s :5 ! waves h retir$4 ,among ! _m v>ieties ( sea-birds t frequ5t ! sea-%ore1 ! ,scoop+ ,avocets are always conspicu\s1 z !y move sl[ly along1 ) body erect & sl5d] neck gracefully curv$1 or fly rapidly ?r\gh ! air1 ) broadly-flapp+ w+s1 & _! long legs /ret*$ directly out4 ,9 ! wat] !y exhibit great skill1 & frequ5tly v5ture out to a v consid]able dep?4 ,! pip+ note utt]$ by ?is species has a some:at melan*oly b n unpleas+ tone1 & is replac$ dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation by a pla9tive call1 :i* is con/antly & rapidly repeat$4 ,9 disposition ! ,avocets are unsocial1 & only r>ely keep company ) _! fea!r$ companions2 :il/ t[>ds man !y exhibit mu* timidity1 & consid]able intellig5ce 9 disc]n+ su* p]sons z are likely to prove dang]\s4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! season = incubation1 ! pairs seek a suitable spot :]eon to bre$1 & usually pref] grass-cov]$ flats1 or fields1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! sea4 ,! ne/ is a m]e holl[1 slightly l9$ ) dry blades ( grass1 or fibres1 & conta9s f two to f\r pe>-%ap$ eggs1 ab\t z l>ge z ^? ( ! ,peewit1 ) a ?91 lu/reless1 gre5i% yell[ %ell1 m or less m>k$ ) blacki% grey or violet spots4 ,bo? sexes brood1 & t5d ! "y 7:i* are hat*$ 9 ab\t eighte5 days7 ) great affection1 lead+ !m at fir/ ab\t ! fields1 !n ne> l>ge pools1 & only v5tur+ ) !m to ! op5 sea :5 !y beg9 to use _! w+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,curlews 7,num5ii7 are v beautifully-=m$ birds1 ) a sl5d] body1 long ?9 neck1 small head1 & a v long1 slightly-curv$1 & s(t beak1 :i* is broad at its base1 & horny at its tip4 ,! upp] m&ible is a trifle long] ?an1 & b5ds some:at ov]1 ! l[] portion ( ! bill2 ! sl5d]1 high1 broad-sol$ feet are b>e1 & furni%$ ) f\r toes1 connect$ by a decid$ web2 ! w+s are long & po9t$1 ) ! fir/ quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! mod]ate-siz$ tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! close compact plumage does n v>y 9 ! sexes1 or at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p include ab\t a doz5 species1 & are met ) 9 almo/ e portion ( ! globe4 ,,! ,,great ,,curlew1 ,,or ,,:aap4 ,! ,,great ,,curlew1 or ,,:aap 7,num5ius arquatus71 is f tw5ty-six to tw5ty-eight in*es long 7?is measurem5t includes ! beak1 :i* is f sev5 to eight in*es long71 & f =ty-five to =ty-sev5 in*es across ! span ( ! w+s2 ! w+ measures f twelve to ?irte5 in*es1 & ! tail f f\r in*es & a half to five in*es & a half4 ,on ! upp] portions ( ! body ! fea!rs are br[n1 edg$ ) light r$di% yell[1 ^? ( ! l[] back are :ite1 spott$ ) br[n1 & ^? on ! "u side r$di% yell[1 %aft$ & spott$ ) br[n4 ,! quills are black1 spott$ & bord]$ ) :ite1 & ! tail-fea!rs :ite1 /rip$ ) br[n4 ,! eye is d>k br[n2 ! beak black1 ) a yell[i% grey base to ! l[] m&ible2 & ! foot lead-grey4 ,! "y h 9 proportion to _! size a %ort] beak ?an ! adult birds1 ?ick] feet1 & pal] m>k+s on ! "u side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,scoop+ ,,avocet 7,recurviro/ra avocella74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,curlew 7,num5ius arquatus74 ,,"o-,,qu>t] ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,curlews inhabit bo? hemisph]es1 & bre$ pr9cipally 9 ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe1 appe>+ regul>ly 9 ,c5tral ,africa & ,india dur+ ! c\rse ( _! migrations4 ,accord+ to ,von d] ,muhle1 !y are occasionally se5 9 ,greece & ,spa9 ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 b ^! are probably "y /raggl]s t h n comm5c$ bre$+4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ^! birds frequ5t all p>ts ( ! coa/1 fe$+ at l[ wat]1 on worms1 insects1 & small cru/aceans1 left by ! retir+ tide1 & visit+ ! adjac5t fields :5 ^? fe$+-places are cov]$4 ,at ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april !y leave ! %ore & seek ! high] moorl&s to pair & re> _! "y4 ,! ,common ,curlew1 accord+ to ,j>d9e1 is entirely an inhabitant ( upl& moors & pa/ures dur+ ! bre$+ season1 & 9 ! s(t & dewy morn+s ( ,may & ,june =ms an object 9 _! e>ly solitude :i* adds to _! wildness4 ,at fir/ dawn1 :5 no?+ c be se5 b r\nd$ hills ( ri* & gre5 pa/ure ris+ "o beyond ano!r1 ) p]haps an ext5sive mead[ look+ almo/ b\ndless ?r\gh ! %ad[s & mi/s ( morn1 or a long /r+ ( %eep m>*+ (f at a sleepy pace on _! well-beat5 track to "s fav\rite fe$+-gr\nd1 ! %rill tremul\s call ( ! ,curlew to 8 mate has some?+ 9 x wild & melan*oly1 yet always pleas+ 9 its associations4 ,9 su* situations d !y pair1 mak+ almo/ no ne/1 & dur+ ! comm5cem5t ( _! am\rs run skulk+ly among ! long grass & ru%es1 ! male ris+ & sail+ r\nd1 or desc5d+ ) ! w+s clos$ above 8 back1 & utt]+ 8 peculi> quav]+ :i/le4 ,! appe>ance ( an intrud] requires m demon/ration ( 8 p[]s1 & he approa*es ne>1 buffet+ & ':aap+' ) all 8 might4 ,:5 ! "y are hat*$ !y rema9 ne> ! spot1 & are = a long "t difficult to raise2 a po9t] w /& & road !m1 & at ?is "t !y are t5d] & well-flav\r$2 by autumn !y are ne>ly all disp]s$ to ! sea-coa/1 & h lo/ _! cle> :i/le4 ,9 disposition ! ,curlews are extremely cauti\s & %y1 & = ?is reason con/antly associate ) a v>iety ( o!r %ore birds1 ?us mak+ z x 7 common cause aga9/ dang]1 & frequ5tly almo/ driv+ ! sportsman to despair1 by ! ke5ness ) :i* !y detect & proclaim 8 pres5ce1 :il/ !y con/antly p]mit ! ne> approa* ( su* p]sons z !y h reason to "k w n mole/ !m4 ,! ne/ ( ?is species is no?+ m ?an a depression 9 ! moss or grass1 slightly l9$ ) simil> mat]ials1 & conta9s f\r l>ge pe>-%ap$ eggs1 ) a lu/reless1 dirty olive-br[n %ell1 %ad$ ) br[n & gre51 & v>i\sly m>k$ ) blacki% br[n4 ,! p>5ts exhibit mu* atta*m5t to _! "y1 & probably relieve ea* o!r :5 brood+4 ,insects ( all k9ds1 worms1 mussels1 small cru/aceans & reptiles1 fi%1 & _m v>ieties ( vegetable produce1 especially b]ries1 are all consum$ by ^! birds1 :il/ ! "y are re>$ exclusively on insects4 ,! ,common ,curlew is readily tam$1 z ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( a captive w %[3--,?is bird1 says ,montagu1 _h be5 %ot 9 ! w+1 & 0 at fir/ s extremely %y t he 0 oblig$ to be cramm$ ) meat = a day or two1 :5 he began to eat worms2 b z ?is 0 prec>i\s food1 he 0 tempt$ to eat bread-&-milk1 l ,ruffs4 ,to induce ?is sub/itution1 worms 7 put into a mess ( bread mix$ ) milk1 & x 0 curi\s to obs]ve h[ cauti\sly he avoid$ ! mixture1 by c>ry+ e worm to ! pond & well wa%+ x previ\sly to swall[+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ?is new diet did n appe> unpalatable to him1 &1 f be+ poor & emaciat$1 he got plump & 9 high heal?4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a mon? or six weeks ?is bird became excessively tame1 & w\ld foll[ a p]son across ! m5ag]ie = a bit ( bread or a small fi%1 ( :i* he 0 rem>kably fond4 ,b he became almo/ omnivor\s--fi%1 wat] liz>ds1 small frogs1 insects ( e k9d t 7 n too l>ge to swall[2 &1 9 default ( o!r food1 b>ley ) ! ducks 0 n reject$4 ,?is v great fav\rite 0 at la/ kill$ by a rat1 z x 0 suspect$1 aft] a %ort life ( two ye>s 9 conf9em5t1 b he _h 9 t "t fully satisfi$ our inquiries into 8 natural habits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,h>d-,,bill$ ,,wad]s 7,h]odi7 are recognisable by _! m or less p[]ful & sl5d] body1 :i* is v ?9 at its sides2 _! long neck1 small head1 & /rong1 ?ick1 high1 & long beak1 ! upp] surface ( :i* is p>tially ov]spread ) a horny coat2 occasionally ! bill is broad at its extremity4 ,! high long legs are b>e & f\r-to$4 ,! ant]ior toes be+ usually p>tially webb$1 & always furni%$ ) p[]ful claws2 ! long w+s are r\nd$1 & ! %ort tail compos$ ( small fea!rs4 ,! plumage is close & compact2 9 "s species ! bridles1 face1 or neck are b>e4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p usually occupy m>%y gr\nd1 or %all[ pieces ( wat]1 & subsi/ ^u crabs1 v>i\s wat] grubs1 & molluscs4 ,! ne/s are plac$ ^u trees or o!r rais$ situations4 ,! eggs are :ite or bluei% gre51 & occasionally decorat$ ) fa9t spots4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,ibises 7,ibides7 are comp>atively small b p[]fully-fram$ birds1 ) a long neck1 small head1 & a long r\nd$ beak1 :i* curves d[nw>ds 9 ! =m ( a sickle1 has ! m>g9s blunt1 & ! upp] m&ible groov$ to ! tip2 ! long ?9 legs are furni%$ ) mod]ate-siz$ toes1 ( :i* ^? plac$ 9 front are connect$ by a %ort sk91 & furni%$ ) n>r[1 po9t$ claws1 ! c5tre "o ( :i* is d5ticulat$4 ,9 ! long1 broad1 r\nd$ w+s1 ! second quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?2 ! %ort broad tail is =m$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & is ei!r r\nd$ or incis$ at its extremity4 ,! plumage is ?ick & compact4 ,"s ( ! small] species resemble ! ,curlews 9 _! g5]al =mation1 b diff] f !m 9 col\r1 & are entirely )\t m>k+s on _! fea!rs4 ,o!r species are di/+ui%able by ! b>5ess ( ! face & ?roat1 ! prolongation ( ! nape-fea!rs1 & o!r peculi>ities4 ,! sexes are almo/ alike1 b v>y _! plumage some:at at diff]5t seasons2 ! "y d n resemble ! adult birds4 ,! ,ibises occupy ! w>m] portions ( ! globe1 only a few species appe>+ 9 temp]ate latitudes at c]ta9 seasons2 !y usually frequ5t ! banks ( riv]s1 lakes1 & swampy localities1 9 flocks :i* wade knee-deep 9 se>* ( ! frogs1 wat] liz>ds1 snails1 & wat] insects1 t af=d !m ! pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce4 ,"s species1 on ! contr>y1 resort to pla9s & op5 dry tracts 9 se>* ( worms & insects ( v>i\s k9ds2 :ile o!rs take _! /& ^u ! decay+ trunks ( trees z !y float d[n ! /reams1 9 ord] to wat* = ! approa* ( fi%1 :i* !y at once p\nce ^u & readily seize by means ( _! long beaks4 ,! calls ( hung] appeas$1 ^! birds g5]ally resort to ! mo/ elevat$ & expos$ bran*es ( neighb\r+ trees1 :]e !y /& 9 an erect po/ure1 re/+ _! heavy m&ibles ^u _! brea/4 ,9 su* situations !y are extremely cauti\s & vigilant4 ,_! flight is pr9cipally p]=m$ 9 sweeps high up 9 ! air1 b :5 migrat+ at *ange ( season1 or w&]+ z !y (t5 d 9 se>* ( food1 !y usually arrange !mselves 9 two l9es1 div]g+ f a lead]4 ,all ! v>i\s species are social 9 _! habits1 & live 9 company ) _m v>ieties ( %ore birds4 ,ev5 dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation ! same disposition is manife/1 ! flocks keep toge!r1 n only 9 _! w9t] qu>t]s1 b ?r\gh\t ! bre$+ season2 "s few species1 h[ev]1 are exceptions to ?is rule1 & sep>ate 9 pairs :il/ re>+ _! "y4 ,! ne/s are usually plac$ ^u trees gr[+ 9 ! wat] or on m>%y gr\nd1 & are =m$ ( twigs1 fibres1 blades ( grass1 & simil> mat]ials2 x is n uncommon1 h[ev]1 = ! bre$+ pair to avoid all lab\r by tak+ possession ( an empty ne/4 ,! eggs are f ?ree to six 9 numb]1 & h ! %ell ( uni=m hue4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r bo? p>5ts assi/ 9 ! task ( incubation2 !y bo?1 h[ev]1 te/ify great anxiety = _! (fspr+1 & t5d !m ev5 long aft] !y h jo9$ ! re/ ( ! flock4 ,! "y birds atta9 _! full /r5g? b sl[ly1 & d n und]take ! c>es ( a family until !y are two & 9 "s in/ances ?ree ye>s old4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,falc9els 7,falc9ellus7 con/itute a gr\p ( ! above birds1 possess+ a sl5d] body1 mod]ately long neck1 ?91 curv$1 & long beak1 m$ium-siz$ foot1 & some:at broad1 r\nd$ w+s1 9 :i* ! second & ?ird quills are ! longe/2 ! tail is %ort1 ! plumage ?ick1 & ! face b>e4 ,,! ,,glossy ,,ibis4 ,! ,,glossy ,,ibis 7,falc9ellus igneus71 a ,european repres5tative ( ! above gr\p1 is ( a br[ni% r$ on ! ?roat1 brea/1 belly1 legs1 & upp] portions ( ! w+s4 ,! cr[n ( ! head is d>k br[n1 %ad$ ) r$2 ! back1 tail1 & quills are br[n1 ) a gre5 or violet %e54 ,! eye is br[n1 ! b>e circles ar\nd x gre5i% grey2 ! beak dull d>k gre51 & ! foot gre5i% grey4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! head & ?roat are black1 & ! fea!rs l[] d[n ( a light] %ade1 ) :ite edges2 ^? on ! upp] "p ( ! body exhibit a mixture ( copp]-col\r & gre52 ! "u side is br[ni%4 ,?is species is f n9ete5 to tw5ty-?ree in*es long1 & f ?irty-five to ?irty-eight broad2 ! w+ measures f ?irte5 to f\rte5 in*es1 & ! tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! ,glossy ,ibis frequ5ts ! :ole ( ,c5tral ,europe1 a l>ge portion ( ,asia1 & ,nor!rn ,africa1 & visits ! c5tral & we/]n portions ( ! latt] cont95t4 ,dur+ its migration1 x is met ) 9 ,india 9 l>ge numb]s dur+ cold wea!r1 :il/ 9 ,egypt x rema9s ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,9 ,c5tral ,europe x arrives ab\t ! end ( ,april1 & leaves aga9 f ,augu/ to ,septemb]4 ,x is report$ to h ev5 visit$ ,great ,brita94 ,! ,ibis1 says ,montagu1 is adopt$ z "p ( ! arms ( ,liv]pool1 & =m]ly1 if n at pres5t1 /ood conspicu\s on ! ,guildhall 9 gold5 array4 ,x 0 t]m$ ! ',liv]1' f :i* t fl\ri%+ t[n d]iv$ its "n1 & is n[ /&+ on ! spot :]e ! ',pool' 01 on ! v]ge ( :i* ! ,liv] 0 kill$4 ,ari/otle records t ! ,glossy ,ibis1 or ,liv]1 0 call$ ,leh]as1 or ,jeh]as1 by ! anci5t ,egyptians4 ,riv]-banks1 edges ( l>ge tanks1 djeels1 swamps1 & inundat$ paddy-fields1 are ! fav\rite resorts ( ^! birds1 af=d+ !m a pl5tiful supply ( ! mussels1 fi%1 small reptiles1 & simil> f>e1 = :i* !y wade deep into ! wat] dur+ ! w9t] mon?s2 :il/ 9 summ]1 on ! contr>y1 !y subsi/ pr9cipally ^u l>v1 worms1 & insects ( v>i\s k9ds1 seiz+ _! prey ) great dext]ity1 ev5 :5 ^u ! w+4 ,!y roo/ at night 9 b$s ( l>ge re$s1 & fly 9 flocks1 :i* move ) rem>kable regul>ity1 & g5]ally assume ! =m ( a w$ge4 ,! l\d call ( ! ,glossy ,ibis is (t5 utt]$ 9 flight & :5 al>m$4 ,x is n[ fully asc]ta9$ t ^! birds bre$ 9 ,europe1 & we h to ?ank ,lb5/e9 = an acc\nt ( _! ne/s1 z se5 by himself 9 ! ,donautieflnd]4 ,^! ne/s 7 situat$ 9 a re$-cov]$ m>%1 & plac$ on will[ bu%es1 usually at eight or t5 feet f ! gr\nd4 ,9 _m in/ances ! ne/s1 :i* 7 some:at num]\s1 prov$ to be ^? ( o!r birds1 repair$ & l9$ ) /raw = ! reception ( ! "y4 ,! ?ree or f\r oval-%ap$ eggs 7 ab\t ! size ( ^? ( ! ,dome/ic ,h51 & _h a ?ick1 bluei% gre51 or pale gre51 %ell4 ,! fle% ( ! ,glossy ,ibis is excell5t4 ,,! ,,sc>let ,,ibis4 ,! ,,sc>let ,,ibis 7,ibis rubra7 resembles ! species la/ describ$ 9 mo/ respects1 ) "s slight diff]5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( ! w+s & tail2 9 ! =m] ! ?ird quill is l>g] ?an ! re/3 ! face is b>e4 ,9 ! adult bird ! plumage is ( a uni=m bright sc>let1 only v>i$ by ! blacki% br[n on ! out] web & tips ( ! quills2 ! eye is yell[2 ! beak br[n at its extremity1 ) a fle%-r$ base2 ! b>e broad bridles & ! ?roat are ( ! latt] col\r2 & ! foot ( a some:at light] %ade4 ,! l5g? is tw5ty-f\r in*es2 ! w+ measures t5 & ! tail ?ree in*es4 ,9 ! "y ! plumage on ! back is pale br[n1 ! "u side ( a :iti% hue1 & ! beak yell[i%2 ! b>e face & legs are fle%-r$4 ,aft] ! m\lt+1 ^! col\rs are pal] & grey]2 & aft] ! second m\lt+ are ex*ang$ = a pale rose-r$1 :i*1 at ea* succe$+ *ange becomes deep]1 till x atta9s ! magnific5t sc>let ( ! adult bird4 ,c5tral ,am]ica & ! nor!rn portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica z f> z ! ,amazon are ! native haunts ( ?is f9e species1 & f !nce x w&]s =? occasionally into ! mo/ s\!rn ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,edw>ds gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( a flock ( ^! beautiful birds t he met ) 9 a cane-brake ne> ! =e/s bord]+ ! riv] ,amazon3--,9 ?is "p ! ,sc>let ,ibis _h ne/$1 & ! b5d$ tops ( ! canes 7 cov]$ ) half-gr[n birds 9 _! black plumage1 int]sp]s$ ) _m 9 ! brilliant sc>let plumage ( ! adult4 ,!y seem$ little tr\bl$ at our approa*1 m]ely fly+ a few /eps =w>d1 & cross+ ! /ream4 ,cont9u+ our road1 ! flocks increas$ 9 size1 ! r$ birds became m frequ5t1 & ! canes b5t ov] ) _! weight l re$s4 ,wood ,ibises & ,spoonbills 7 likewise num]\s4 ,! ne/s ( all ^! fill$ e bit ( gr\nd :]e a ne/ c\ld be plac$2 & ! y\ng] ,ibises1 cov]$ ) d[n1 & /&+ l s _m ,/orks1 _! heavy bills re/+ ^u _! brea/s1 & utt]+ no cry1 7 9 /rong contra/ to ! well-fea!r$ ,spoonbills1 beautiful 9 _! slightly roseate dress1 & noisily loquaci\s4 ,_! mode ( fe$+ _! "y is rem>kable4 ,9 ! ?roat ( ! old female ,ibis1 directly at ! base ( ! l[] m&ible1 is a dilatation ( sk9 =m+ a p\*1 :i* is capable ( hold+ ! bulk ( a small ,h5's egg4 ,%e w\ld return f fi%+ on ! %all[s ) ?is p\* di/5d$ by t9y fi%es1 & all[$ h] "y to pick !m out ) _! bills4 ,! flight ( ?is ,ibis is l(ty & /rong1 & x utt]s a l\d & peculi> cry z x passes ?r\gh ! air4 ,accord+ to ,sagra1 ?is species bre$s 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,! eggs1 ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 are laid ^u ! gr\nd1 & h a gre5i% %ell4 ,s*omburghk /ates t "y & adult birds d n associate ) ea* o!r1 b unite 9 di/9ct b&s4 ,! ,sc>let ,ibis is sometimes dome/icat$1 & accompanies ! p\ltry1 occasionally %[+ great c\rage 9 def5d+ itself1 n only f _! attacks1 b f ^? ( cats4 ,! fle% is g5]ally e/eem$ z good food1 & ! ri* & gaudy plumage is us$ by ! ,brazilians = v>i\s k9ds ( ornam5tation4 ,,! ,,:ite1 ,,egyptian1 ,,or ,,sacr$ ,,ibis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:ite ,,or ,,sacr$ ,,ibis 7,?reskiornis religiosa74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,,:ite1 ,,egyptian1 or ,,sacr$ ,,ibis 7,?reskiornis religiosa1 or ,g]onticus ?iopica71 repres5ts a gr\p hav+ ! head & neck b>e1 & ! webs ( ! %\ld]-fea!rs disunit$ or op51 & loose at _! extremities4 ,! plumage is pr9cipally :ite1 ) a yell[i% %ade on ! w+s1 & bluei% black tips to ! quills & %\ld]-fea!rs4 ,! eye is c>m9e-r$1 ! beak black1 & ! foot blacki% br[n4 ,! b>e black sk9 on ! neck is ( a velvety texture4 ,9 ! "y birds ! head & ?roat are cov]$ ) d>k br[n & blacki% fea!rs edg$ ) :ite2 ! re/ ( ! plumage resembles t ( ! adult bird4 ,aft] ! fir/ m\lt+ ! "y atta9 ! /ream+ %\ld]-fea!rs1 b only exhibit ! b>e head & neck 9 _! ?ird ye>4 ,?is species is f tw5ty-eight to tw5ty-n9e in*es long1 & fifty-"o broad2 ! w+ measures f ?irte5 to f\rte51 & ! tail six in*es4 ,?is bird has be5 ! subject ( _m /range tales f ! mo/ remote times1 & is call$ ! ,sacr$ ,ibis because x figures ext5sively1 & evid5tly 9 a religi\s "*1 on ! hi]oglyphics ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,x is n improbable t ! e/imation 9 :i* x 0 held arose f ! fact t its annual appe>ance 0 co9cid5t ) ! ris+ ( ! ,nile1 a ph5om5on on :i* dep5ds ! prosp]ity ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,accord+ to our own obs]vations1 ?is species is n[ b r>ely se5 9 ,egypt1 & 0 nev] met ) by u bel[ eighte5 degrees nor? latitude2 x1 h[ev]1 occurs regul>ly 9 ,s\? ,nubia & ! ,s\dan1 :]e x arrives at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season1 & aft] hav+ re>$ its "y1 migrates1 or w&]s ov] ! c\ntry to a consid]able di/ance4 ,9 ,india x is n uncommon dur+ ! cold season4 ,riv]-banks1 m>%es1 tanks1 & wat]-c\rses are ! situations x usually frequ5ts 9 se>* ( aquatic insects1 molluscs1 & probably small reptiles1 or x flies 9 small p>ties ov] ! /eppes 9 se>* ( gras%opp]s1 beetles1 & simil> f>e4 ,?is ,ibis 0 =m]ly suppos$ to de/roy & eat snakes1 & ! supposition appe>$ corroborat$ by ! fact t ,cuvi] actually discov]$ ! rema9s ( a snake )9 ! body ( a mummi$ ,ibis2 rec5t specim5s1 h[ev]1 seldom conta9 any?+ b molluscs & insects4 ,"s seem to fe$ entirely on fi%es & aquatic insects1 ( :i* !y de/roy f> m ?an !y c possibly consume2 & x is n uncommon = !m1 :5 tir$ ( kill+ fi% & fully satiat$1 to leave ! re/ to be dev\r$ by birds ( prey or "s ( ! o!r frequ5t]s ( ! wat]4 ,:5 desir\s ( procur+ food ( ?is description1 !y walk ) a sl[ firm /ep1 & 9 l>ge p>ties1 ?r\gh %all[ muddy lakes1 & :5 !y h discov]$ a suitable & well-/or$ spot1 !y dance1 z x 71 all ?r\gh x1 /irr+ up ! mud at ! bottom ) _! feet4 ,! victims z !y rise to ! surface are imm$iately /ruck ) ! long beak & depriv$ ( life4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a v %ort "t hundr$s ( fi%es1 frogs1 & reptiles cov] ! surface1 & are gre$ily swall[$ till ! birds become p]fectly gorg$4 ,we 7 =tunate en\gh to discov] a bre$+ settlem5t on a small isl& 9 ! ,:ite ,nile1 & f\nd t ! ,ibises _h built pr9cipally on ! bran*es ( a v ?orny & ?ickly-foliag$ species ( mimosa1 call$ by ! natives ,h>ahri4 ,! ne/s 7 flat1 loosely con/ruct$ ( ?9 twigs & grass1 & plac$ close toge!r on ! d5se/ bran*es4 ,! ?ree or f\r :ite co>se-%ell$ eggs 7 ( ab\t ! size ( ^? laid by ! ,dome/ic ,h54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,spoonbills 7,platale7 con/itute a small gr\p ( v rem>kable birds1 possess+ a p[]ful body1 mod]ate-siz$1 /rong neck1 & small head2 ! long almo/ /raight beak is flat & spoon-%ap$ t[>ds its extremity1 its int]ior is groov$1 & ! upp] m&ible hook$ & nail-l at its tip4 ,! /rong1 m$ium-siz$ foot has ! ?ree ant]ior toes mu* webb$1 & furni%$ ) small blunt claws4 ,! w+s are l>ge & broad1 & h ! second quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is %ort1 r\nd$1 & compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! rem>kably ?ick plumage does n v>y ei!r 9 ! sexes or at diff]5t seasons1 b *anges its hue some:at z ! birds become old]4 ,! back ( ! head is adorn$ ) a cre/1 & ! upp] ?roat is b>e2 9 "s in/ances a portion ( ! cr[n is also unfea!r$4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p occupy almo/ e portion ( ! globe1 & resemble ea* o!r v closely 9 _! mode ( life & habits4 ,,! ,,common ,,spoonbill4 ,! ,,common ,,spoonbill 7,platalea leucorodia7 has a portion ( ! ?roat b>e1 & ! head adorn$ ) a fl[+ cre/4 ,! plumage ( ?is bird is entirely pure :ite1 except a yell[i% /ripe ar\nd ! crop4 ,! eye is c>m9e-r$1 ! beak black tipp$ ) yell[1 ! foot black1 ! eye-r+ yell[i% gre51 & ! ?roat gre5i% yell[4 ,! female is small] ?an h] mate2 ! "y are )\t ! yell[ pat* on ! brea/1 & h no cre/4 ,?is species is f ?irty to ?irty-"o in*es long1 & fifty-two in*es broad2 ! w+ measures sev5te51 & ! tail five in*es4 ,su* ( ^! rem>kable birds z inhabit ,c5tral ,asia rema9 ?r\gh\t ! entire ye>2 :il/ ^? frequ5t+ m nor!rn latitudes arrive ) ! ,/orks ab\t ,m>* or ,april1 & leave ab\t ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! w&]+s1 ! ,briti% ,isl&s are occasionally1 b r>ely1 visit$4 ,z ) ! ,ibises1 ! migrat+ flocks assume ! =m ( two div]g+ l9es1 & usually travel 9 ! day1 re/+ f "t to "t 9 su* localities z af=d a good supply ( food4 ,! %ores ( riv]s & lakes1 m>% l&1 or slimy muddy spots ^u ! coa/ are ! fav\rite resorts ( ! ,spoonbill1 & ar\nd ^! x is con/antly to be se5 /alk+ sl[ly1 or wad+ ) body b5t & bill wav+ f side to side z x se>*es among/ ! mud1 or snat*es f ! wat] ! fi%1 crabs1 mussels1 snails1 small reptiles1 & aquatic insects on :i* x ma9ly subsi/s4 ,?is bird1 h[ev]1 has a v decid$ pref]5ce = fi% diet1 & exhibits wond]ful dext]ity 9 dispos+ ( ! slipp]y prey1 ev5 if five or six in*es 9 l5g?1 seiz+ & turn+ !m adroitly 9 its beak1 & swall[+ !m head d[nw>ds4 ,! entire day is pass$ 9 ?us se>*+ = food1 ) ! exception ( a %ort "t devot$ to repose at noon2 & at night x retires %ortly aft] sunset to sleep ^u ! bran*es1 only resum+ its active lab\rs at sunrise4 ,occasionally1 b probably v r>ely1 x is se5 at "w till a lat] h\r4 ,! flight ( ! ,spoonbill is beautifully light1 & (t5 p]=m$ 9 circles1 or ! bird assumes a hov]+ motion1 & flies ) neck /ret*$ directly =w>d1 mak+ rapid /rokes ) its w+s2 ! voice is quak+1 & only audible at a %ort di/ance4 ,9 disposition ^! birds are usually timid & cauti\s1 b if n mole/$ soon acquire confid5ce4 ,) _! own k9d !y live 9 ! utmo/ h>mony1 & are con/antly to be se5 bill+ & arrang+ ea* o!r's fea!rs1 ) e demon/ration ( sympa?y & affection4 ,ev5 :5 excit$ by hung] !y nev] actually qu>rel2 & appe> almo/ incapable ( exi/+ ap>t f _! companions4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ! same social disposition is also manife/$1 regul> settlem5ts are =m$1 & z _m ne/s z possible are plac$ close toge!r on trees2 %\ld ! latt] n be atta9able1 re$s are sometimes resort$ to = ?is purpose4 ,! ne/ is broad1 & c>elessly con/ruct$ ( dry twigs & re$s1 l9$ ) leaves1 ru%es1 or grass1 & conta9s f two to f\r l>ge1 ?ick-%ell$1 & co>sely-gra9$ eggs1 ( a lu/reless1 :iti% hue1 v v>i\sly spott$1 & m>k$ ) pale r$di% grey & yell[4 ,bo? sexes probably brood & t5d _! "y ) great c>e2 ! latt] rema9 ) _! p>5ts until aft] _! return f ! w9t] migration1 & d n comm5ce ! c>es ( a family till !y are ?ree ye>s old4 ,! ,spoonbill is readily tam$ if tak5 "y1 & soon accu/oms itself to all k9ds ( n\ri%m5t2 9 "s c\ntries x is /ill hunt$ on acc\nt ( its fle%1 :i* is n1 h[ev]1 p>ticul>ly well-flav\r$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,boat-,,bills 7,cancromata7 comprise two /range species1 ! "o occupy+ ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! o!r a native ( ,africa1 & bo? possess+ a v rem>kable & p[]ful broad high beak1 a muscul> body1 mod]ately long1 ?ick neck2 long1 broad1 r\nd$ w+s1 9 :i* ! ?ird & f\r? quills exce$ ! re/ 9 l5g?1 a mod]ate-siz$1 /raight tail1 & long toes4 ,! s(t ?ick plumage =ms a cre/ ^u ! nape4 ,,! ,,:ale-,,head$ ,,/ork1 ,,or ,,%oe-,,beak4 ,! ,,:ale-,,head$ ,,/ork1 or ,,%oe-,,beak 7,balniceps rex71 is recognisable by its great size1 heavy body1 ?ick neck1 l>ge head1 & ! peculi> =m ( its beak1 :i*1 9 appe>ance1 mu* resembles a wood5 %oe4 ,9 ?is bill ! groov$ upp] m&ible curves slightly inw>ds1 & t]m9ates 9 a decid$ hook1 :il/ its l[] portion is entirely cov]$ ) a lea!ry sk94 ,! legs are v long2 ! feet l>ge1 & ! long toes furni%$ ) v p[]ful claws2 ! w+s1 :i* are broad & long1 h ! ?ird & f\r? quills long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is ( m$ium size1 /raight1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & ! head is adorn$ ) a cre/4 ,! l>ge-fea!r$1 b s(t plumage1 ( an a%y grey4 ,all ! body-fea!rs are edg$ ) grey1 & ^? ( ! tail & quills ) greyi% black2 ! eye is light yell[1 ! beak horn-grey1 & ! foot black4 ,?is rem>kable species is extremely num]\s on ! m>%y gr\nds & ra9-b$s ne> ! ,:ite ,nile & ! neighb\r+ /reams1 & is especially common betwe5 five & eight degrees nor? latitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,spoonbill 7,platalea leucorodia74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,pe!rick1 :o1 9 #ahfj1 fir/ br\ght ! ,%oe-beaks to ,engl&1 !y are b r>ely se5 on ! banks ( ! ,nile itself1 z ^!1 %elv+ (f m or less abruptly1 furni% few fav\rable spots = indulg+ _! prop5sities4 ,al?\gh occasionally se5 9 ! ,bahr-il-,gagal1 !y pref] ! natural banks ( ! morasses ( ! int]ior1 :]e ! %all[ness ( ! wat]1 di/ribut$ ov] a l>ge surface1 af=ds !m great] facilities = procur+ food4 ,!y are usually se5 wad+ ab\t 9 pairs or p>ties1 &1 if di/urb$1 fly l[ ov] ! wat]1 & settle at no great di/ance2 b if really t]rifi$1 or fir$ at1 !y rise 9 flocks1 high into ! air1 &1 aft] hov]+ & :eel+ ar\nd1 settle on ! highe/ trees1 & z long z _! foes are 9 sight w n return to ! wat]4 ,_! roo/+-places at night are said to be on ! gr\nd4 ,_! food consi/s pr9cipally ( fi% & wat]-snakes1 :i* !y h be5 se5 to cat* & dev\r4 ,!y w also fe$ on ! inte/9es ( dead animals1 ! c>cases ( :i* !y easily rip op5 ) ! /rong hook ( ! upp] bill4 ,_! bre$+-"t is 9 ! ra9y season1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/2 & ! spot *os5 is among re$s or high grass1 imm$iately at ! wat]'s edge1 or on "s small elevat$ & dry spot1 entirely surr\nd$ by wat]4 ,! bird1 be=e lay+1 scrapes a hole 9 ! e>?1 9 :i*1 )\t any l9+ ( grass or fea!rs1 ! female deposits h] eggs4 ,z _m z a doz5 h be5 f\nd 9 ! same ne/4 ,numb]s ( ^! ne/s1 says ,mr4 ,pe!rick1 h be5 robb$ by my m5 ( bo? eggs & "y2 b ! "y birds s tak5 inv>iably di$4 ,aft] repeat$ unsuccessful attempts to re> !m1 cont9u$ = two ye>s1 ! eggs 7 ev5tually hat*$ "u ,h5s1 :i* 7 procur$ at a consid]able di/ance1 f ! ,raik negroes4 ,z soon z ! ,h5s began to lay1 & 9 due "t to sit1 a "p ( _! eggs 7 replac$ by half ! numb] ( ^? ( ! ,balniceps1 z fre% z possible f ! ne/1 ! locality ( :i* 0 previ\sly kn[n1 & sev]al "y birds 7 successfully hat*$4 ,^! "y birds ran ab\t ! premises ( ! camp1 &1 to ! great discom=t ( ! poor ,h5s1 w\ld p]si/ 9 p]=m+ all sorts ( un*ick5-l manuvres ) _! l>ge beaks & ext5d$ w+s 9 a small artificial pool1 con/antly suppli$ ) wat] by sev]al negresses reta9$ = _! especial b5efit4 ,negro boys 7 also employ$ to supply _! little pond ) live fi%1 ^u :i*1 & occasionally ! inte/9es ( animals kill$ = our use1 *opp$ into small pieces1 !y 7 re>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:ale-,,head$ ,,/ork1 ,,or ,,%oe-,,beak 7,balniceps rex74 ,,! ,,savaku1 ,,or ,,boat-,,bill4 ,! ,,savaku1 or ,,boat-,,bill 7,cancroma co*le>ia71 has a compact body1 a comp>atively %ort /rong neck1 ?ick flat-cr[n$ head1 & an extremely broad bill1 :i* is long] ?an ! head1 mu* depress$ & dilat$ t[>ds its middle4 ,! culm5 is prom95tly keel$ ) a deep lat]al groove1 ext5d+ to ! tip1 :i* is acutely hook$2 ! no/rils are plac$ 9 ! lat]al groove on ! surface ( ! bill1 _! op5+s are longitud9al1 & p>tly cov]$ by a membrane4 ,! mod]ate-siz$1 p[]ful w+s h ! f\r? quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! %ort broad tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & ! long sl5d] legs are clo!d almo/ to ! knee2 ! s(t /ream+ fea!rs ^u ! nape =m a plume2 ! *eek-/ripes & a portion ( ! ?roat are b>e2 ! broad *eeks & =e "p ( ! neck are :ite2 ! l[] neck & brea/ yell[i% :ite2 ! back is light grey2 ! back ( ! neck & belly are r$di% br[n1 ) black sides2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are :iti% grey2 ! br[n eye is edg$ ) grey1 & ! br[n beak has a yell[ m>g9 to ! l[] m&ible2 ! foot is ( a yell[i% %ade4 ,! male ( ?is species is tw5ty-two in*es long & ?irty-eight across2 ! w+ measures elev5 in*es & a half1 & ! tail f\r in*es & a half2 ! female is some:at small] ?an h] mate2 ! plumage ( ! "y is at fir/ entirely r$di% br[n1 ) ! back ( a deep] col\r ?an ! "u side4 ,?is bird is an inhabitant ( ,brazil1 :]e x frequ5ts ! re$ or bu% cov]$ banks ( /reams1 & lives ei!r solit>y1 or1 dur+ ! bre$+ season1 9 pairs1 keep+ pr9cipally among/ ! ?icke/ trees or bu%es1 & hopp+ nimbly f bran* to bran*4 ,wat] insects ( all k9ds probably af=d x ! pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce1 al?\gh ! /oma*s ( specim5s exam9$ by ! ,pr9ce von ,wi$ only conta9$ worms4 ,we are unacqua9t$ ) ! voice & o!r habits ( ?is /range bird1 except t x occasionally produces a clapp+ s\nd ) its bill1 aft] ! mann] ( a ,/ork4 ,! eggs ( ! ,savaku are oval 9 %ape1 pure :ite1 & lu/reless4 ,,! ,,hamm]-,,head1 ,,or ,,%ad[-,,bird4 ,! ,,hamm]-,,head1 or ,,%ad[-,,bird 7,scopus umbretta71 is an ,african species1 & repres5ts a family possess+ a compact1 almo/ conical body1 %ort ?ick neck1 comp>atively l>ge head1 & broad1 mu*-r\nd$ w+1 9 :i* ! ?ird quill is long] ?an ! re/1 & a m$ium-siz$ tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! high beak is long] ?an ! head1 /raight1 compress$ at its sides1 & slightly b5t at its tip4 ,! feet are mod]ate1 ) toes b slightly connect$4 ,! head is decorat$ ) a bu%y cre/1 & ! ?ick /ream+ plumage is ( an almo/ uni=m umb]-br[n1 ) ! "u side ( a light] %ade4 ,! quills are glossy & d>k] ?an ! back1 & ! tail-fea!rs are enliv5$ by a broad1 purpli% br[n b& at _! extremities1 & n>r[ irregul> l9es ( ! same at _! roots4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot ei!r black or blacki% br[n4 ,! l5g? is tw5ty & ! bread? =ty in*es2 ! w+ measures elev5 in*es & two-?irds & ! tail six in*es4 ,! female diff]s 9 no respect f h] mate4 ,?is rem>kable species inhabits all ! c5tral & s\!rn portions ( ! ,african cont95t1 includ+ ,madagasc>2 & is also met ) 9 ,s\!rn ,arabia1 b is n[h]e num]\s4 ,! ,hamm]-heads1 says ,lay>d are /range1 weird birds1 frequ5t+ ponds1 m>%es1 riv]s1 & lakes1 flitt+ ab\t ) great activity 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+1 & prey+ ^u frogs1 small fi%1 & simil> f>e4 ,at times1 :5 two or ?ree are fe$+ 9 ! same small pool1 !y execute a s+ul> dance1 skipp+ r\nd "o ano!r1 op5+ & clos+ _! w+s1 & p]=m+ /range antics4 ,!y bre$ on trees & rocky l$ges1 =m+ a huge /ructure ( /icks1 "s ( !m ( consid]able ?ickness4 ,^! ne/s are s solid t !y w be> ! weight ( a l>ge heavy man on ! dom$ ro( )\t collaps+4 ,! entrance is a small hole1 g5]ally plac$ on ! mo/ inaccessible side4 ,! pure :ite eggs are f ?ree to five 9 numb]4 ,on my late fri5d ,jackson's f>m1 at ,nels ,poort1 !re is a s+ul> rocky gl5 betwe5 two hills4 ,9 ?is spot a beautiful p]man5t spr+1 call$ ',jackal's ,f\nta91' takes its rise4 ,( c\rse1 9 consequ5ce1 !re are a few wild almond & o!r trees2 inde$1 ! place is a little oasis amid ! b>r5 m\nta9s1 & a fav\rite resort = hynas1 jackals1 leop>ds1 & o!r wild animals4 ,on ! l$ges ( ! rocks 9 ?is seclud$ spot a colony ( ,hamm]-heads h built = ye>s4 ,"s ( ! ne/s are q inaccessible1 :il/ o!rs c be rea*$ ) a little tr\ble4 ,i c\nt$ six or eight )9 fifty y>ds1 all exhibit+ ! same =m & /ructure1 & "s ( !m conta9+ at lea/ a l>ge c>tload ( /icks4 ,ab\t "s t ,i visit$ ,i f\nd brass & bone buttons1 bits ( crock]y1 blea*$ bones1 c4 ,mr4 ,jackson told me t if a 'tottie' lo/ 8 knife or t9d]-box on ! f>m1 or )9 "s miles ( ! place1 he made a po9t ( exam9+ ^! ne/s1 & frequ5tly ) success2 ! occupants1 l ! ,b[] ,bird ( ,au/ralia1 embelli%+ _! dwell+s ) any glitt]+ or bright-col\r$ ?+ !y c pick up4 ,9 ! k>roo betwe5 ,worce/] & ,rob]tson ,i saw a ne/ plac$ on ! gr\nd on ! side ( a trifl+ rise2 x 0 at lea/ ?ree y>ds 9 l5g?1 by "o & a half across1 ) a small entrance-hole at "o end4 ,f ,jules ,v]reaux we le>n t ^! rem>kable /ructures conta9 ?ree di/9ct *amb]s1 ! p>titions ( :i* are c>efully =m$1 l ! out] walls1 ( twigs & clay mo/ arti/ically work$ toge!r1 & ent]$ by a hole j l>ge en\gh to admit ! body ( ! bird4 ,( ^! comp>tm5ts ! h9d]mo/ is ! l>ge/1 & s rais$ z to rema9 dry %\ld heavy ra9 p5etrate ! out] p>ts ( ! ne/2 s excell5tly1 h[ev]1 is ! entrance con/ruct$1 t su* accid5ts b r>ely occur1 or1 if wat] %\ld break ?r\gh1 are readily & at once repair$4 ,! l>ge back *amb] is cov]$ ) a s(t b$ =m$ ( v>i\s vegetable mat]ials1 = ! reception ( ! eggs1 :i* are hat*$ by ! unit$ att5tions ( bo? p>5ts2 ! c5tre ap>tm5t s]ves z a pantry1 & usually conta9s a goodly supply ( prov5d]2 :ile ! small out] comp>tm5t is employ$ z a gu>d-room1 f :i* a /rict wat* is kept 9 case ( approa*+ dang]1 ! vigilant own]1 accord+ to ,v]reaux1 ly+ flat on ! gr\nd z he reconnoitres1 & keep+ 8 head protrud$ ?r\gh ! entrance-hole4 ,! "y :5 fir/ hat*$ are almo/ nak$1 ) b a v slight developm5t ( greyi% br[n d[n4 ,!y gr[ sl[ly1 & are t5d$ ) mu* affection by _! p>5ts1 :o fe$ !m pr9cipally at e>ly morn+ & ev5+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,/orks 7,ciconi7 are /\tly-built birds1 ) ?ick beaks1 long legs1 & %ort toes4 ,! bill is long1 /raight1 & conical1 occasionally slightly curv$ upw>ds1 & compress$ t[>ds its tip2 ! legs are long1 p[]ful1 & usually cov]$ ) scales2 ! toes are %ort3 ( ^! ! inn] & c5tre toes are only slightly connect$1 :ile ! out]mo/ & middle toes are unit$ by a web z f> z ! fir/ jo9t2 ! claws are ?ick & /umpy4 ,9 ! long broad w+ ! ?ird or f\r? quill is long] ?an ! re/4 ,! %ort1 r\nd$ tail is =m$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,9 "s species ! head & ?roat are cov]$ ) long & n>r[1 & 9 o!rs ) %ort r\nd$ fea!rs2 9 o!rs1 aga91 ^! are scanty1 & ei!r almo/ hairy 9 texture1 or1 z ! birds increase 9 age1 t]m9ate 9 horny lancet-%ap$ po9ts2 ! re/ ( ! plumage1 :i* is =m$ ( l>ge compact fea!rs1 is occasionally glossy & beautifully col\r$4 ,all ! v>i\s species h ! region ( ! eye & ?roat b>e1 9 "s ?is b>5ess ext5ds ov] ! br[ & *eeks4 ,! sexes diff] 9 size1 & ! "y are recognisable by ! comp>ative pal5ess ( _! t9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,savaku1 ,,or ,,boat-,,bill 7,cancroma co*le>ia74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,/orks are met ) 9 almo/ e portion ( ! globe1 & are especially num]\s 9 its w>me/ latitudes4 ,su* z dwell 9 ! nor? migrate or w&] to a v consid]able di/ance1 :il/ ! occupants ( s\!rn c\ntries are /ation>y4 ,ev]y:]e !y pr9cipally frequ5t flat m>%y localities1 or ! vic9ity ( riv]s & /reams1 occasionally appe>+ ^u arid pla9s or cultivat$ gr\nd 9 se>* ( gras%opp]s & o!r insects4 ,well-wood$ di/ricts are = ! mo/ "p _! fav\rite resorts1 z !y con/antly select trees bo? = bre$+ purposes & z re/+-places = ! night2 "s few species1 h[ev]1 prove exceptions to ?is rule1 & make _! ne/s on ro(s1 *imneys1 or o!r elevat$ situations 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( m54 ,all ! v>i\s memb]s ( ?is gr\p exhibit mu* simil>ity 9 _! mode ( life & demean\r2 !y walk sl[ly & ) a c]ta9 dignity1 keep+ ! neck g5tly ar*$1 wade deep into ! wat]1 ?\gh !y r>ely swim1 & fly lightly1 ) neck & limbs /ret*$ directly out1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! gr\nd4 ,! almo/ entire defici5cy ( voice obs]vable 9 ^! birds is suppli$ by a peculi> habit ( clapp+ l\dly ) ! beak :5 excit$4 ,"s species ( ,/orks gre$ily dev\r c>rion1 & = ?is reason are reg>d$ ) mu* fav\r by man2 :ile all subsi/ 9 a great measure ^u fi%1 reptiles1 "y birds1 small quadrup$s1 worms1 insects1 & simil> f>e1 & seek _! food dur+ daylight4 ,! ne/s1 :i* are ( great size1 are =m$ ( dry bran*es1 /icks1 & su*-l mat]ials1 l9$ ) m ela/ic sub/ances4 ,! l>ge eggs1 :i* are ( uni=m hue & few 9 numb]1 are hat*$ by ! female alone2 ! male1 h[ev]1 is mu* atta*$ to 8 "y1 & t5ds 8 mate ) exempl>y c>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hamm]-,,head1 ,,or ,,%ad[-,,bird 7,scopus umbretta74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,tantali 7,tantalus7 h a p[]ful beak1 mod]ate-siz$ /rong neck1 & r l>ge head4 ,! beak resembles t ( ! ,true ,/ork1 b is ?ick] at its base1 has its tip slightly hook$1 & ! m>g9s turn$ r\ndly inw>ds4 ,! t>si are high & p[]ful1 & ! long toes broadly webb$2 9 ! long broad w+s ! second quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?2 ! tail is %ort1 & ! plumage ?ick1 s(t1 & beautifully col\r$4 ,! sexes diff] 9 size1 & ! "y d n resemble ! adult bird4 ,^! birds are usually class$ ) ! ,ibises1 b 9 our op9ion _! prop] place is among ! ,/orks4 ,,! ,,ibis-,,l ,,tantalus4 ,! ,,ibis-,,l ,,tantalus 7,tantalus ibis7 is a mo/ beautiful bird1 ) :ite plumage m>k$ ) deep rose-r$ on ! w+-cov]s1 & %ad$ ) rose-r$ on ! back2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are ( glossy gre5i% black4 ,! eye is yell[i% :ite1 ! beak ( a waxy yell[1 ! foot pale r$1 & ! b>e face c9nab>-r$4 ,! "y are attir$ 9 a g>b ( yell[i% grey1 ) ?roat & mantle ( a d>k] hue4 ,! size ( ?is /rik+ bird v>ies f ?irty-f\r to =ty in*es1 & its bread? f sixty-two to sixty-sev5 in*es2 ! w+ measures eighte51 & ! tail six in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ibis-,,l ,,tantalus 7,tantalus ibis74 ,! ,ibis-l ,tantalus is an inhabitant ( ,c5tral ,africa1 f :i* x occasionally b r>ely w&]s z f> z ,egypt or ! coa/4 ,9 ! region ( ! ,blue & ,:ite ,nile1 on ! contr>y1 x is (t5 num]\sly met )1 & makes its appe>ance 9 company ) ! ,ibis & ,little ,h\se ,/ork1 rema9+ 9 ,s\dan dur+ ! ra9y season1 & aga9 disappe>+4 ,9 ,augu/ ! plumage ( ?is bird displays its full beauty1 & we may !re=e inf] t ! p]iod ( incubation comm5ces ab\t ,septemb]4 ,riv]-banks1 or ! imm$iate vic9ity ( /reams1 tanks1 & pools1 are ! localities x frequ5ts1 & 9 & ab\t !m x may be se5 at morn+ & ev5+ wad+ 9 se>* ( fi%1 reptiles1 & worms1 or engag$ 9 ! capture ( birds & small quadrup$s2 ab\t noon x resorts to ! trees & s&-isl&s 9 l>ge flocks1 or takes its mid-day repose /&+ upright 9 %all[ wat]4 ,9 all its movem5ts ! ,tantalus closely resembles ! ,/ork1 b ow+ to its sup]ior beauty ( plumage1 pres5ts a m /rik+ appe>ance :5 9 ! air4 ,we are )\t any p>ticul>s respect+ ! nidification ( ?is bird1 b ,j]don in=ms u t a ne>ly-alli$ ,indian species bre$s 9 societies1 & =ms l>ge ne/s ^u high trees2 ! ?ree or f\r eggs h a :ite %ell1 fa9tly spott$ ) yell[4 ,bod9us /ates t ?is bird has ! v peculi> habit ( fi%+ = prey ) ! bill wide op51 z ?\gh x expect$ its victims to ent] its jaws )\t fur!r tr\ble2 accord+ to ! same au?ority x is by no means a gre$y fe$]1 & q undes]v+ ( its ,g]man "n ( ! ,insatiable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,true ,,/orks 7,ciconia7 h a p[]ful broad-brea/$ body1 r long muscul> neck1 mod]ate-siz$ head1 & a long conical beak1 :i* has its m>g9s turn$ decid$ly inw>ds1 & its entire surface cov]$ ) a horny coat4 ,! legs are long & b>e1 & ! toes %ort & broad2 ( ^! ! c5tre & out] toe are connect$ z f> z ! fir/ jo9t4 ,! v long1 broad1 & r blunt w+s h ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? quills ( equal l5g?1 & long] ?an ! re/2 ! r\nd$ tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & ! ?ick glossy plumage is ( v uni=m t9t4 ,^! birds frequ5t ! m>%y di/ricts ( ,europe1 & seek _! food pr9cipally on ! banks ( riv]s1 or 9 moi/ localities4 ,fi%es1 reptiles1 & small birds con/itute _! ord9>y f>e2 b !y occasionally frequ5t dry op5 pla9s or cultivat$ gr\nds1 9 ord] to obta9 gras%opp]s1 to :i* !y are extremely p>tial1 & a v>iety ( o!r insects4 ,_! huge ne/1 compos$ ( /icks & twigs1 is plac$ on build+s & tree-/umps4 ,occasionally ^! enorm\s /ructures1 :i* are employ$ & repair$ by _m succe$+ g5]ations1 are said to atta9 a height ( f\r or ev5 six feet4 ,! female alone c>ries on ! "w ( incubation1 al?\gh h] mate %>es 9 h] prov]bial atta*m5t to ! little family4 ,! ,hebrew "n = ! ,/ork1 says ,dr4 ,tri/ram1 is d]iv$ f a root signify+ 'k9dness1' f ! devot$ mat]nal & filial affection ( :i* ! ,/ork has 9 all ages be5 held to be ! type & emblem4 ,?is mat]nal in/9ct impli$ 9 ! ,hebrew "n is repeat$ly notic$ by ,greek & ,lat9 au?ors1 :o believ$ fur!r t ! "y repaid ! c>e ( _! p>5ts1 by t5d+ !m 9 old age1 &1 contr>y to ! habits ( all o!r animals1 att5d$ !m ?r\gh life4 ,?\gh we c]ta9ly h no pro( ( ?is r pleas+ conceit1 ! devotion ( ! old birds to _! (fspr+ is v /rongly display$1 & has be5 corroborat$ by mod]n obs]vation4 ,! ,/ork has a v ard5t atta*m5t to c]ta9 localities1 & no?+ b unremitt+ p]secution c drive x f a spot :i* has once be5 select$ = a ne/4 ,ye> aft] ye>--inde$1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation--a pair ( birds return e spr+ to ! same place1 & ei!r rebuild or ?or\ghly repair _! old ne/4 ,if any accid5t happ5 to "o ( ! pair1 its place is spe$ily suppli$1 & ! succession ( t5ants ma9ta9$4 ,! only in/ance ( a bre$+-place hav+ be5 des]t$ :i* ev] fell "u my own obs]vation 0 "u curi\s circum/ances4 ,on ! highe/ po9t ( a l>ge mass ( ru91 at ,rabba? ,ammon1 7 ! rema9s ( a des]t$ pile ( /icks1 an old ,/orks' ne/4 ,"o ( ! birds _h got its leg entangl$ & brok5 9 a *9k ( ! ru91 :]e x _h p]i%$ mis]ably1 & its gaunt skeleton1 ) ! p9ion-fea!rs /ill rema9+ on ! w+-bones1 sway$ to & fro susp5d$ 9 mid-air1 & _h effectually sc>$ all its fell[s f ! spot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adjutants4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,or ,,h\se ,,/ork4 ,! ,,:ite or ,,h\se ,,/ork 7,ciconia alba7 has its plumage ( a dirty :ite1 ) ! exception ( ! quills & longe/ fea!rs on ! w+-cov]s1 :i* are black2 ! eye is br[n2 ! beak bright1 & ! foot blood-r$4 ,?is bird is =ty-two in*es long1 & eighty-six across ! w+s2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-five1 & ! tail t5 in*es4 ,! female is some:at small] ?an h] mate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,simbil 7,sp5orhyn*us ,abdimii74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,:ite ,/ork1 ?\gh common 9 _m p>ts ( ,c5tral ,europe1 is n[ b r>ely se5 9 ,great ,brita91 & is met ) dur+ its annual migrations z f> s\? z #ac nor? latitude4 ,! multitudes ( ^! huge birds :i* arrive 9 ,pale/9e at c]ta9 seasons1 & at once di/ribute !mselves ov] ! :ole l&1 is truly />tl+1 :il/ 9 w9t] n "o is to be se54 ,on ! #be? ( ,m>*1 says ,dr4 ,tri/ram1 va/ flocks sudd5ly appe>$ /eadily travell+ nor?w>ds1 & leav+ l>ge deta*m5ts on e pla9 & hill4 ,f t p]iod till ab\t ! #d? ( ,may !y kept possession ( ! :ole l&1 except :]e ! gr\nd 0 utt]ly b>r51 ab\nd+ specially 9 any m>%y pla9s4 ,!y did n congregate l rooks1 b l %eep or cattle scatt]$ ov] a wide pa/ure2 !y sy/ematically qu>t]$ e acre ( ! c\ntry1 probably until !y _h cle>$ x ( all ! snakes1 liz>ds1 & frogs !y c\ld f9d1 :5 ei!r sc>city1 or ! increas+ heat ( summ]1 rem9d$ !m ( _! nor!rn homes1 & !y )drew z sudd5ly z !y _h arriv$1 leav+ beh9d !m only a pair "h & !re at ! e/abli%$ ne/+-places4 ,!y 7 equally abundant on bo? sides ( ,jordan4 ,on ,m\nt ,nebo !y s cov]$ ! range t at fir/1 & until we exam9$ !m ?r\gh our telescopes1 we took !m = va/ flocks ( ,moabite %eep pa/ur+4 ,9 ! ye> #aheh ,i _h obs]v$ !m arrive on ! #bbnd ( ,m>*1 j two days e>li]4 ,_! halt 9 ,syria agrees ) ! "t ( _! arrival 9 ,russia1 :i* is said to be ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,9 ,holl& & ,d5m>k !y arrive ab\t ! middle ( ,april4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,holl& ! ne/ ( ! ,/ork1 built on ! *imney-top1 rema9s undi/urb$ = _m succe$+ ye>s1 & ! own]s return ) un]r+ sagacity to ! well-kn[n spot4 ,! joy :i* !y manife/ on aga9 tak+ possession ( _! dwell+1 & ! atta*m5t !y manife/ t[>ds _! b5evol5t ho/s1 are famili> to ev]ybody4 ,9 all c\ntries :]e ! ,/ork bre$s x is protect$2 boxes are provid$ on ! tops ( ! h\ses1 & he consid]s himself a =tunate man ^: ro( is select$ = _! resid5ce4 ,on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 inde$1 ! ,/ork is a welcome visitor ev]y:]e1 z its ta/e = (fal & c>rion r5d]s x extremely useful2 = ?is reason 9 _m places x is reg>d$ ) great fav\r1 & ?is k9dly feel+ is (t5 c>ri$ to su* a l5g? z n only to subject a p]son ill-us+ x to unpleasant rem>ks1 b to actual dang]2 inde$1 9 "s p>ts x is look$ ^u z almo/ a s9 to mole/ x4 ,9 consequ5ce ( be+ ?us fav\r$1 ! ,/ork frequ5tly becomes exce$+ly tame1 & may be se5 /alk+ ab\t ! /reets ) ! utmo/ confid5ce1 & sc>cely mov+ out ( ! way ( a pass]-by4 ,^! birds1 accord+ to popul> belief1 are n unm9dful ( ! k9dness %[n !m1 & ! eggs & "y t are frequ5tly f\nd outside ! ne/s are consid]$ by ! peasants to be tok5s ( _! gratitude4 ,,! ,,simbil4 ,! ,,simbil 7,sp5orhyn*us ,abdimii7 is an inhabitant ( ,s\!rn ,africa1 & repres5ts a division ( ! above birds hav+ ! face b>e4 ,9 ?is species ! head & neck are gre5i% black1 ) a purple gloss1 & ! mantle-quills & tail black1 %ad$ ) gre52 ! "u side is :ite2 ! eye br[n1 ! r+ ar\nd x blue2 ! b>e portions ( ! face & ?roat are r$2 ! beak is gre5i%1 tipp$ ) r$2 & ! foot br[ni% grey1 ) pale r$ jo9ts4 ,! l5g? ( ! body is tw5ty-eight & span ( ! w+s sixty in*es2 ! p9ion measures sev5te5 & ! tail sev5 in*es4 ,?is bird is common 9 "s p>ts ( ,c5tral ,africa1 :]e x frequ5ts ! villages dur+ ! bre$+ season1 & makes its ne/ occasionally ^u ! h\ses1 b usually 9 ! mimosa-trees 9 _! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,! eggs are v v>i\s 9 %ape1 & small] ?an ^? ( ,ciconia alba4 ,?is ,/ork is held 9 su* reg>d by ! natives z r5d]$ x almo/ impossible = u to procure its eggs1 & at la/ we only succe$$ by affect+ to require !m z an +r$i5t 9 rem$ies = c]ta9 cases ( illness4 ,to h t\*$ "o on any less s]i\s gr\nds w\ld h be5 to r\se ! :ole village4 ,! fle% ( ! ,simbil is reg>d$ by ! coloni/s z excell5t food4 ,lay>d tells u t an alli$ species1 ! ,ciconia nigra1 is extremely difficult to obta91 & puts all ! sportsman's p[]s ( woodcraft to ! te/ 9 ord] to circumv5t him2 = if ! bird be w\nd$1 he proves no mean antagoni/1 /rik+ fi]cely ) 8 %>p-po9t$ & p[]ful bill at ! face & h&s ( 8 pursu]s4 ,on "o occasion1 says t g5tleman1 hav+ only brok5 ! tip ( a w+ ) a long %ot1 ,i _h to dispat* my bird ) half a *>ge ( du/-%ot1 s great 0 8 resi/ance2 he1 moreov]1 z if aw>e ( 8 great] *ance1 took to ! wat]1 & w\ld n be driv5 f x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,giant ,,/orks 7,myct]ia7 are comp>atively tall birds1 ) a sl5d] body1 long neck1 & r l>ge head2 ! v long beak is almo/ /raight or v slightly curv$1 & furni%$ ) a saddle-%ap$ c]e at its base1 & sk9ny knobs or app5dages b5ea?4 ,! t>si are high1 & ! toes %ort2 ! long & r\nd$ w+ has its ?ird quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is /raight1 & ( m$ium l5g?4 ,! sexes are almo/ alike 9 size4 ,! "y are less brightly col\r$ ?an ! adult birds4 ,( ! ?ree species ( ,giant ,/orks ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 "o occupies ,africa1 ano!r ,au/ralia1 & ! ?ird ,s\? ,am]ica2 ^! birds ne>ly resemble ea* o!r 9 _! g5]al appe>ance & habits4 ,,! ,,s5egal ,,jabiru4 ,! ,,s5egal ,,jabiru 7,myct]ia ,s5egal5sis7 is a l>ge p[]ful bird1 ) ! head1 ?roat1 upp] w+1 %\ld]s1 & tail ( a glossy metallic black2 ! re/ ( ! plumage is ( dazzl+ :it5ess4 ,9 ! beak ! upp] m&ible is ( v pale t9t = ab\t ?ree in*es f its base1 & ! "u "o = ab\t "o in* & a half2 !n comes a b> ( black = ab\t ?ree in*es1 & f t to ! end ! bill is r$di%1 increas+ 9 dep? ( col\r to ! bright v]milion tip4 ,on ea* side ( ! upp] m&ible is a l>ge semi-oval & transp>5t space1 :i* at ! back "p is cont9u$ upw>ds 9 a curv$ direction across ! =e "p ( ! eyes & ov] ! no/rils4 ,b5ea? ! base ( ! bill1 j at ! beg9n+ ( ! fea!ry "p1 are two v small1 pe>-%ap$1 p5d5t1 yell[i% wattles adh]+ by v small necks4 ,! b>e portions ( ! face are r$di%1 ! eyes & eye-r+s yell[2 ! broad movable c]e is also yell[1 surr\nd$ by a n>r[ bord] ( black fea!rs4 ,! t>si are br[ni% grey1 ! knee & toe-jo9ts dull r$4 ,?is species is fifty-six in*es long1 & n9ety-two broad2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-five1 & ! tail t5 in*es4 ,9 ! "y1 all ! d>k p>ts ( ! plumage are br[ni% grey1 & ! "u side dirty greyi% yell[4 ,_! eye is br[n1 & beak blacki% r$2 ! app5dages b5ea? ! beak are n develop$4 ,?is f9e bird is a native ( ,africa1 :]e x pr9cipally frequ5ts ! regions wat]$ by ! ,:ite & ,blue ,nile1 b is also se5 9 o!r p>ts ( ! cont95t4 ,x lives 9 pairs1 & occupies ! %ores ( riv]s1 or ! vic9ity ( lakes1 tanks1 & morasses1 only quitt+ ^! = a %ort p]iod dur+ ! ra9y season2 occasionally1 b v r>ely1 x is met ) ne> %all[ salt wat]4 ,^u ! gr\nd x moves ) a c]ta9 /ately grace1 &1 ow+ to its l5g? ( leg1 appe>s tall] ?an x really is4 ,:il/ 9 ! air its f9e black & :ite p9ions r5d] x a mo/ /rik+ & beautiful object4 ,un=tunately = sci5ce1 ! ,s5egal ,jabiru is s extremely %y z to r5d] any close obs]vation ( its habits almo/ impossible4 ,9 ! /oma*s ( su* specim5s z we exam9$1 we f\nd reptiles & beetles2 x also eats fi%1 &1 accord+ to ,rppell1 has be5 se5 ^u c>rion1 b :e!r ! bird 0 eat+ ! putrid fle%1 or m]ely glean+ (f ! insects t 7 fea/+ !reon1 is at pres5t unc]ta94 ,gurney /ates t ! pairs rema9 unit$ = life1 & ent]ta9 ea* o!r by a mo/ /range danc+ k9d ( p]=mance4 ,%\ld "o ( !m die1 ! survivor does n soon mate aga94 ,x is probable t ?is species bre$s on trees1 & builds a ne/ resembl+ t ( ! ,/ork4 ,,! ,,jabiru4 ,! ,,jabiru 7,myct]ia ,au/ralis7 has ! head & neck ( a deep glossy gre51 %ad+ into purple & violet at ! back ( ! head2 ! l>ge w+-cov]s1 scapul>ies1 l[] "p ( ! back1 & tail are glossy gre51 t+$ ) a gold5 lu/re2 ! re/ ( ! plumage is pure :ite4 ,! beak is black1 ! eye deep hazel1 & ! leg bright r$4 ,?is species has a wide range ov] ,au/ralia1 & at ! "t ( its fir/ colonisation 0 se5 z ne> to ,sydney z ,botany ,bay2 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,hunt] ,riv]1 x is occasionally met )1 & is comp>atively common 9 ! vic9ity ( ,botany ,bay4 ,macgillivray & ,gilb]t also f\nd x at ,port ,ess+ton4 ,! ,jabiru frequ5ts ! vic9ity ( salt-wat] creeks1 & obta9s its food pr9cipally f ! necks ( l& runn+ out into ! sea1 or on s&banks & morasses4 ,x is v difficult ( approa*1 & if pursu$1 hides among/ ! d5se re$s 9 ! lagoons2 ! natives1 we are told1 /eal ^u x :5 repos+1 z x frequ5tly does1 ^u ! t>si1 ! bird tak+ "s "t to rise f t position4 ,9 #ahea1 ,dr4 ,b5nett pur*as$ a f9e liv+ specim51 :i* 0 br\ght to ,sydney f ,port ,macqu>ie1 & we h to ?ank t c>eful obs]v] = ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>ticul>s respect+ ?is rem>kable & o!rwise almo/ unkn[n species4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s5egal ,,jabiru 7,myct]ia ,s5egal5sis74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! fir/ ev5+ x 0 at my h\se1 says ! above naturali/1 x walk$ into ! hall1 gaz$ at ! gas-lamp :i* _h j be5 light$1 & !n proce$$ to walk up/airs1 seek+ = a roo/+-place2 b n lik+ ! asc5t1 quietly came d[n aga91 return+ into ! y>d1 & aft]w>ds w5t to roo/ 9 ! coa*-h\se betwe5 ! c>riages1 :]e x n[ retires regul>ly e ev5+ soon aft] d>k4 ,x may always be f\nd 9 t "p ( ! y>d :]e ! sun is %9+1 & ) its face inv>iably t[>ds x4 ,:5 hungry x seeks = ! cook1 :o usually fe$s x2 & if %e has neglect$ its food1 looks into ! kit*5 z if to rem9d h] ( ! neglect1 & waits quietly1 b ) a se>*+ eye1 dur+ ! "t ! meat is cutt+ up1 until x is f$4 ,x is amus+ to obs]ve ?is bird cat* flies2 x rema9s v quiet1 z if asleep1 & on a fly pass+1 x is snapp$ up 9 an in/ant4 ,!re happ5$ to be a pugnaci\s fussy little ,bantam ,cock 9 ! y>d1 :o w\ld n p]mit ! intrusion ( any /rang]2 & on see+ ! ,jabiru he /rutt$ up ) exp&$ & flutt]+ w+s & ruffl$ fea!rs1 9 a viol5t /ate ( excitem5t1 cackl+ & scream+ mo/ vehem5tly1 & mak+ ef=ts z en]getic z s dim9utive a bird 0 capable ( to fright51 & drive him out ( ! y>d4 ,! ,jabiru1 ) 8 ke5 bright eyes1 reg>d$ ! little flutt]+ object ) cool contempt1 & walk$ ab\t z be=e2 ! ,bantam foll[$4 ,at la/ ! ,jabiru turn$ & /rode aft] ! consequ5tial little creature1 z if to tread x "u 8 feet1 :5 ! ,bantam see+ matt]s take ?is turn made (f z fa/ z possible1 l all little bullies1 & did n aga9 v5ture to attack s =midable an oppon5t4 ,9 a few days ! ,jabiru became q dome/icat$ among ! p\ltry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,m>ab\ 7,leptoptilos crum5if]74 ,,"o-,,eigh? ,,natural ,,size4 ,he 0 occasionally f$ ^u fi% cut up into small pieces1 :i* he beat ab\t ) ! m&ibles1 & aft] cont9u+ ?is process = "s little "t1 swall[$ !m4 ,i h1 cont9ues ,dr4 ,b5nett1 notic$ him wat* ! gr\nd v att5tively "u ! trees1 & !n d>t 8 bill into ! e>? & br+ up l>v1 :i* ,i f\nd 7 ^? ( locu/s 7,tettigoni74 ,:5 ! bird obs]v$ a slight motion ( ! gr\nd1 he d>t$ 8 beak d[n1 & dev\r$ ! insect z x 0 em]g+ f ! soil4 ,he became latt]ly v famili>4 ,:5 call$ to be f$1 he ran f any "p ( ! y>d1 clapp+ 8 long m&ibles4 ,un=tunately1 ?is r>e bird sick5$1 & refus$ food = sev]al days1 avoid$ ! op5 air1 & 0 at la/ f\nd dead 9 ! /able4 ,8 skeleton is 9 ! ,o/eological ,collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,adjutants1 ,,argalas1 or ,,m>ab\s 7,leptoptilos71 are at once recognisable by ! p\*-l app5dage on ! l[] "p ( ! neck1 _! clumsy body1 ?ick b>e neck1 scabi\s head1 m or less cov]$ ) a few d[ny fea!rs1 & _! huge beak1 :i* is v ?ick1 f\r-sid$1 & almo/ conical 9 front4 ,_! legs are long1 w+s /rong & r\nd$1 ) ! f\r? quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is ( a m$ium size1 ) ! fea!rs ( its l[] cov]s extraord9>ily & beautifully develop$4 ,^! birds inhabit ,s\? ,asia & ,c5tral ,africa1 & r5d] mo/ important s]vice to man by cle>+ (f a ho/ ( unclean & putrid sub/ances1 t w\ld o!rwise pollute ! air & con/antly bre$ disease & dea? 9 ^? hot regions4 ,,! ,,african ,,m>ab\4 ,! ,,african ,,m>ab\ 7,leptoptilos crum5if]7 has ! fle%-col\r$ head sp>sely cov]$ ) %ort hairy fea!rs1 & ! neck b>e4 ,^u ! mantle ! plumage is ( a glossy1 metallic1 d>k gre51 & :ite on ! "u side & nape2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are black & lu/reless2 ! l>g] fea!rs ( ! cov]s are edg$ ) :ite on ! out] web4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak dull :iti% yell[1 & ! foot black4 ,?is huge bird is g5]ally ab\t five feet long2 ( ?is ! bill measures a foot & a half1 & ! tail "o foot4 ,! span ( ! w+s is t5 feet1 & ! l5g? ( ! p9ion tw5ty-eight in*es4 ,mr4 ,smea?man1 :o _h _m opportunities ( obs]v+ ?is species1 /ates t an adult (t5 measures z mu* z sev5 feet1 & ! head be+ cov]$ ) ?9 :iti% d[n1 x has at a di/ance mu* ! appe>ance ( a grey-head$ man4 ,^! birds1 he says1 are met ) 9 companies ne> ! m\?s ( riv]s1 & z !y advance ) ext5d$ w+s1 might readily be mi/ak5 = canoes1 or1 :5 on ! banks1 = p]sons pick+ up %ells4 ,a "y ,m>ab\ ab\t five feet high 0 br\ght up tame1 & pres5t$ to ! *ief ( ! ,bananas1 :]e ,mr4 ,smea?man liv$4 ,be+ f$ 9 ! great hall1 x soon became q famili>1 & duly att5d$ at d9n]-"t1 plac+ itself beh9d its ma/]'s *air frequ5tly be=e ! gue/s ent]$4 ,! s]vants 7 oblig$ to wat* x n>r[ly1 & to def5d ! provisions ) swit*es2 b 9 spite ( ^! precautions x w\ld frequ5tly snat* some?+ f ! table--a :ole boil$ f[l1 = example--:i* x dev\r$ 9 an in/ant4 ,,! ,,indian ,,adjutant1 ,,or ,,argala4 ,! ,,indian ,,adjutant1 or ,,argala 7,leptoptilos argala71 a ne>ly-alli$ species1 is v common 9 "s portions ( ,nor!rn ,india1 especially ,b5gal & ! ,nor?-ea/]n ,prov9ces1 :]e x arrives 9 ,april or ,may1 & dep>ts 9 ,octob]1 a few unpair$ birds only rema9+ beh9d 9 ! s\?4 ,j]don tells u t x so>s ) ! ,vultures to an imm5se height1 ready to desc5d on any c>case t may be discov]$4 ,9 ,calcutta & o!r l>ge t[ns1 ! lab\rs ( ^! birds are reg>d$ z s important t !y are protect$ by law1 & become s tame z to be se5 walk+ famili>ly ab\t ! t[n1 lurk+ ab\t ! slaught]-h\ses & burn+-gr\nds ( ! ,h9doos1 or exam9+ ! heaps ( refuse accumulat$ 9 ! /reets1 ready to be c>t$ away by ! scav5g]s4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 rely entirely on ?is highly-flav\r$ diet1 b =age 9 ! tanks & dit*es = frogs & fi%4 ,dur+ ! heat ( ! day !y retire to trees or h\se-tops1 :]e !y may be se5 re/+ on ! :ole t>sus4 ,! ne/s are made ab\t rocky cliffs or occasionally on l(ty trees1 away f hills4 ,! :ite eggs are two 9 numb]2 :5 fir/ hat*$ ! "y are cov]$ ) :ite d[n4 ,! ,h9doos h a popul> sup]/ition t if ! head ( an ,adjutant be split :il/ ! bird is /ill alive1 ! celebrat$ /one call$ ! tahir mora1 or poison-kill]1 w be discov]$4 ,?is /one is suppos$ to be an antidote = all k9ds ( poisons4 ,! s(t & beautiful fea!rs on ! "u tail-cov]s ( ?is & alli$ species =m a well-kn[n & valuable article ( comm]ce2 & to obta9 ^!1 9 _m p>ts ( ,india ! birds are kept 9 flocks ab\t ! villages4 ,we are told t !re is a popul> idea 9 ,india1 t ! s\ls ( ! ,brahm9s possess ^! birds4 ,!y are ?\ght invuln]able2 & :5 ,mr4 ,ives miss$ 8 %ots at sev]al1 ! /&]s-by obs]v$ ) great satisfaction t he w\ld nev] succe$ 9 w\nd+ !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,clapp]-,,bill$ ,,/orks1 or ,,%ell-,,eat]s 7,ana/omus71 inhabit ,africa & ,s\!rn ,asia4 ,^! mo/ rem>kable birds h a comp>atively sl5d] body1 cov]$ ) %ort ?ick plumage1 ! head is small1 ! w+ l>ge1 broad1 & po9t$1 ) its second & ?ird quills long] ?an ! re/2 ! %ort tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! ?ick beak has its m>g9s slightly incis$1 & ! m&ibles s =m$ t !y only close toge!r at ! base & tip ( ! bill4 ,! foot resembles t ( ! ,/ork1 & ! plumage is close & compact4 ,,! ,,african ,,clapp]-,,bill1 ,,or ,,%ell-,,eat]4 ,! ,,african ,,clapp]-,,bill1 or ,,%ell-,,eat] 7,ana/omus lamellig]us71 is ab\t ! size ( ! ,common ,/ork--t is1 ?irty-?ree in*es long4 ,9 ?is bird all ! fea!rs on ! neck1 belly1 & legs are tipp$ ) n>r[ horny little plates2 ^! plates & ! fea!r-%afts h a gre5 & purple gloss4 ,! eye is r$di%1 ! b>e bridles & ?roat yell[i% grey1 ! beak yell[i%1 & feet black4 ,! "y are )\t ! horny plates at ! tips ( _! fea!rs1 & are pr9cipally ( a br[ni% grey4 ,?is ,%ell-eat] is a native ( ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,africa1 & is met ) 9 l>ge flocks on ! %ores ( ! ,blue ,riv]4 ,we are unacqua9t$ ) its habits1 except t x consumes fi%1 frogs1 & molluscs ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,j]don1 h[ev]1 tells u t ! ,ana/omus osculans1 a ne>ly-alli$ species1 :i* is common 9 all ! m>%y di/ricts ( ,india1 subsi/s entirely ^u %ell-fi%4 ,i 0 =m]ly ( op9ion1 says t writ]1 t ! op5 space betwe5 ! m&ibles 0 ma9ly caus$ by a process ( tra9+ a ,bhyri1 & ^!1 z is usual1 _h _! eyes sewn up1 to prev5t _! /ruggl+ or flutt]+4 ,to fe$ !m ! falcon] _h a quantity ( ! l>ge ,ampull>ia br\ght1 :i* 7 plac$ be=e ! captive & bl9d$ ,%ell-eat]s4 ,! bird secur$ a %ell by its feet1 & aft] sundry alt]ations ( its position1 succe$$ 9 cutt+ (f ! op]culum z cleanly z if x _h be5 done by a razor1 b s rapidly t ,i 0 unable to see ! exact way 9 :i* x 0 accompli%$4 ,x !n ins]t$ ! tip ( its beak into ! op5 m\? ( ! %ell1 & aft] work+ x ab\t = a %ort "t1 pull$ out ! entire %ell-fi%1 almo/ to its utmo/ tip4 ,^! birds are sometimes caught by means ( a bamboo ) a noose atta*$2 ?is is b5t d[n1 & fix$ tightly to ! gr\nd by a small peg1 to :i* an ,ampull>ia is fa/5$4 ,! ,%ell-eat]1 :ile hunt+ ab\t1 soon f9ds ! %ell1 & 9 mov+ x to get at its cont5ts ! peg is )drawn1 ! bamboo flies up1 & ! noose cat*es ! bird1 :i* rema9s dangl+ 9 mid-air4 ,! ,indian ,%ell-eat] bre$s ^u high trees ab\t ,june or ,july1 & associates 9 l>ge flocks dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( incubation4 ,! eggs are f\r 9 numb]1 & are ( a dirty :ite4 ,! "y are def5d$ by _! p>5ts ) great c\rage & fi]c5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,african ,,clapp]-,,bill 7,ana/omus lamellig]us74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,h]ons 7,arde7 are l>ge1 unga9ly birds1 ) a weak body1 mu* compress$ at its sides1 a long ?9 neck1 & small1 n>r[1 flat head4 ,! /rong /raight beak is z long z1 or long]1 ?an ! head1 compress$ at ! sides & culm52 ! %>p m>g9s are turn$ inw>ds1 ! tip is incis$1 & 9 its entire surface1 except 9 ! region ( ! no/rils1 cov]$ ) a h>d1 smoo?1 horny coat4 ,! legs & toes are mod]ately long1 ! claw ( ! c5tre toe be+ curi\sly d5ticulat$ on its l[] side4 ,! long1 broad1 blunt w+ has its second1 ?ird1 & f\r? quills ( almo/ equal l5g?2 ! %ort r\nd$ tail is compos$ ( f t5 to twelve fea!rs4 ,! ?ick1 s(t1 lax plumage is (t5 mu* prolong$ on ! cr[n ( ! head & upp] brea/2 & ?\gh /rik+ly & v v>i\sly col\r$ 9 ! diff]5t species1 is nev] rem>kably gay4 ,! ,p]sians1 h[ev]1 cat* ^! birds1 & aft] depriv+ !m ( ! long fea!rs1 :i* are highly priz$1 suff] !m to dep>t4 ,^! fea!rs1 toge!r ) tufts ( diamonds & o!r preci\s /ones1 set 9 ! =m ( ,h]on's plumes1 adorn ! dhul b&t ( ! ,p]sian mon>*4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p are met ) 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! globe1 migrat+ accord+ to ! *ange ( seasons1 or :5 _! supply ( food falls %ort4 ,swamps1 %all[ riv]s1 & pools are _! fav\rite haunts1 & 9 ^! !y quietly /&1 ) _! necks drawn d[n betwe5 _! %\ld]s1 wat*+ ! approa* ( a fi%1 ^u :i* !y sudd5ly d>t1 & seiz+ x 9 ! beak1 swall[ x 9 an in/ant4 ,!y also consume small quadrup$s1 frogs1 & a v>iety ( insects4 ,"s species h be5 se5 p]*$ ^u ! backs ( cattle1 & fe$+ ^u ! l>v t infe/ _! hides4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,h]ons1 :i* is usually erect$ on l(ty trees1 on elevat$ build+s1 or among ! tall re$s & riv]-banks1 is con/ruct$ ( /icks1 l9$ ) small twigs1 & s loosely put toge!r z to =m a l>ge flat expanse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,h]ons4 ,,! ,,common ,,h]on4 ,! ,,common ,,h]on 7,ardea c9]ea7 repres5ts a gr\p possess+ a ?9 body1 long neck1 long p[]ful beak1 & plumage ( m or less sombre appe>ance4 ,9 ! adult birds ! cr[n & br[ are :ite1 ! neck greyi% :ite1 ! back a%-grey1 v>i$ by ! :ite ( its long fea!rs2 ! sides ( ! l[] p>ts are black2 a /ripe f ! eye to ! nape1 ?ree long cre/-fea!rs1 a ?reefold r[ ( spots on ! front ( ! neck1 & ! l>ge quills1 are all black2 & ! upp] second>ies & tail-fea!rs grey4 ,! eyes are gold5 yell[1 ! b>e pat*es on ! face gre5i% yell[1 ! beak is /raw-col\r1 & ! foot br[ni% black4 ,?is species is =ty-two in*es long & sev5ty-five broad1 ! w+ n9ete5 & ! tail sev5 in*es4 ,! "y are grey] ?an ! adults1 & h no cre/4 ,ow+ to ! l>ge size ( _! w+s1 ^! ,h]ons are enabl$ to support !mselves 9 ! air ) b little ex]tion1 & c m\nt )\t fatigue to a great height :5 pursu$ by _! natural enemies ! ,falcons4 ,?is ,h]on is a successful fi%]1 & might be tak5 z a v picture ( pati5ce z x /&s1 motionless z a /atue1 up to its knees 9 wat]1 ) neck slightly ext5d$ & eye /eadily fix$1 b fully awake to ! slighte/ movem5t4 ,sudd5ly its head is d>t$ =w>d ) un]r+ aim1 a small fi% is captur$ & in/antly swall[$1 head =emo/4 ,an eel ( "s size is br\ght to l& & beat5 to dea? on ! bank1 & a l>ge fi% impal$ on ! bill1 if wor? ! lab\r1 is c>ri$ to a safe retreat & dev\r$ at leisure4 ,a frog is swall[$ :ole1 & a wat]-rat is usually kill$ by hav+ its skull split op54 ,! ,h]on dev\rs %rimps1 small crabs1 newts1 & a v>iety ( wat]-beetles1 9 l>ge quantities4 ,%\ld ! fi%+ at a select$ spot be unsuccessful1 ! bird rises a few feet into ! air & sl[ly flaps its way to a little di/ance1 :]e1 /&+ on "o leg1 ) its head ?r[n back1 x awaits bett] =tune4 ,:il/ on ! wat* x is sil5t1 b z x flies (f utt]s its h>% grat+ scream4 ,a great portion ( ! day is pass$ on ! bran*es ( l(ty trees1 :i!r ^! birds (t5 repair ) a booty too l>ge to be dispos$ ( at once4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ,h]ons live solit>ily1 b 9 ! mon? ( ,m>* beg9 to congregate & soon aft] repair to _! bre$+-places1 call$ h]onries4 ,^! are g5]ally situat$ 9 /ately clumps ( trees or groves1 & 7 =m]ly s fav\r$ t a f9e ( tw5ty %ill+s or ?ree mon?s' imprisonm5t1 or ! surety%ip ( two p]sons1 b\nd 9 tw5ty p\nds ea*1 0 ! p5alty = kill+ "o ( _! fea!r$ occupants4 ,no ,h]ons 7 all[$ to be tak5 7out ( a man's own premises7 except by hawk+ or %oot+ ) ! long-b[4 ,= tak+ ! "y out ( ! ne/ a f9e ( six %ill+s 0 impos$1 & = tak+ or de/roy+ ! eggs f ! #ca/ ( ,m>* to ! #cj? ( ,june a man 0 subject$ to imprisonm5t = a ye>1 besides hav+ to pay eightp5ce = e egg4 ,p5nant c\nt$ m ?an eighty ne/s ^u "o oak at ,cressy ,hall1 ne> ,spald+1 ,l9coln%ire1 an e/ate !n belong+ to ! ,h]on family1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t 9 ?is c\nty4 ,sometimes ,h]ons build on /eep rocks ne> ! coa/4 ,al?\gh ! fav\r be/[$ ^u ^! birds 9 =m] times has ceas$1 !re /ill exi/ _m h]onries 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&1 & also ( ,scotl&4 ,on ! ea/]n coa/ !y may be met ) 9 great numb]s aft] ! bre$+ season is ov]2 & an obs]v] 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,/onehav51 writ+ to ,mr4 ,macgillivray1 says3--,9 autumn1 :5 !y appe> to be mo/ num]\s1 ,i h se5 "o hundr$ or "o hundr$ & tw5ty or m toge!r1 _! numb]s be+ made up probably 9 a great measure f "y birds ( ! ye>4 ,:5 di/urb$ !y betake !mselves r\nd "s corn] ( ! rocks to a neighb\r+ bay1 fly+ heavily along1 g5]ally )9 gun%ot ( ! wat]'s surface4 ,dur+ high tide !y re/ on deta*$ rocks1 at a %ort di/ance f ! l&1 & occasionally on ! face ( "s ( ! heughs1 or high s&banks4 ,once or twice1 says ! same correspond5t1 ,i h se5 !m 9 ! fields4 ,i recollect "o =5oon see+ f\r ( !m /&+ 9 a pl\gh$ field1 9 mo/ grotesque attitudes1 rem9d+ "o m ( a consultation ( wit*es ?an ( any?+ else4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,giant ,,h]on 7,ardea ,golia?74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ne/s ( ! ,h]ons are huge masses ( /icks1 ab\t a y>d across1 l9$ ) a little grass or o!r s(t mat]ials1 & are plac$ close to ea* o!r4 ,ea* ne/ conta9s f\r or five eggs1 on :i* ! female sits con/antly = ?ree weeks1 & is mean:ile f$ by h] mate4 ,! "y are q helpless till !y are suffici5tly fl$g$ to p]* on ! bran*es1 :]e !y receive n\ri%m5t f _! p>5ts4 ,h]ons1 accord+ to ,lay>d1 are v abundant ?r\gh\t ,s\!rn ,africa1 9 all suitable localities1 fe$+ ^u fi%1 frogs1 & an occasional snake4 ,i am told1 says ?is obs]v]1 t !y bre$ on ! ,cape ,flats1 plac+ _! ne/s 9 company on tufts ( grass & ru%es1 surr\nd$ ) wat]4 ,?is seems v diff]5t f _! ,european practice1 b !re is no reason to d\bt ! ^w ( my in=mant4 ,,! ,,giant ,,h]on4 ,! ,,giant ,,h]on 7,ardea ,golia?7 is a p[]ful bird1 ( ab\t fifty-two in*es long & sev5ty-"o in*es broad2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-"o & ! tail eight in*es4 ,^u ! head1 upp] neck1 c5tre ( brea/1 & belly1 ! plumage is br[ni% r$2 ! back & upp] brea/ are d>k grey1 & ! ?roat & gullet :ite2 ! eyes are yell[1 ! eye-r+s violet1 & ! bridles gre52 ! upp] m&ible is black1 & l[] "o violet tipp$ ) gre5i% yell[2 ! foot is black4 ,?is species leads a solit>y life ^u ! %ores ( ! fre%-wat] lakes & /reams ( ,c5tral ,africa4 ,9 disposition x is extremely %y2 x flies badly1 has a h>% l\d voice1 & subsi/s ^u fi%1 reptiles1 birds1 & small quadrup$s4 ,9 o!r respects x closely resembles ! ,ardea c9]ea4 ,we are entirely )\t p>ticul>s respect+ its habits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,:ite ,,h]on 7,h]odias alba74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cd4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,buphus ,,comata ,,squacco ,,h]on 7ab\t ,nat4 size7 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,:ite ,,h]ons 7,h]odias7 possess a sl5d] body1 long neck1 & a comp>atively weak bill4 ,_! pure :ite plumage is adorn$ ) long /ream+ fea!rs on ! back dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,less] ,,egret 7,h]odias g>zetta74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,great ,,:ite ,,h]on4 ,! ,,great ,,:ite ,,h]on 7,h]odias alba7 has ! entire plumage ( pure & dazzl+ :ite4 ,! eye is yell[1 & ! beak d>k yell[2 ! b>e *eeks are gre5i% yell[1 & ! feet d>k grey4 ,?is species is =ty in*es long & sev5ty-two broad2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-"o in*es1 & ! tail sev5 in*es & a half4 ,! beak *anges col\r1 n accord+ to ! age ( ! bird1 b at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,! "y d n exhibit ! /ream+ fea!rs on ! back4 ,?is ,h]on inhabits ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,sib]ia & ,s\?-ea/]n ,europe1 & dur+ its migrations appe>s 9 ,s\? ,asia & ,nor? ,africa4 ,9 ,india1 & ,s\? & ,we/]n ,africa1 x is replac$ by a v simil> species4 ,9 ,engl& x is occasionally b r>ely se54 ,l its cong5]s1 ?is beautiful bird occupies m>%y gr\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( wat]1 pref]r+ su* spots z are lea/ frequ5t$ by man1 & subsi/s ^u ! same f>e z o!r memb]s ( its family4 ,9 its g5]al air & movem5ts1 h[ev]1 x diff]s f !m 9 _m respects2 x walks ) a m /ately /ep1 flies fa/] & m gracefully1 & con/antly assumes a v>iety ( /range po/ures2 :5 /&+1 x frequ5tly buries its head1 neck1 & "o leg 9 its plumage1 & ?us pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a great :ite ball fa/5$ to ! top ( a ?9 /ick4 ,! l>ge ne/ ( ?is bird is plac$ among/ re$s1 ( portions ( :i* x is also built2 s firm & /rong are ^! heaps t1 z we are told1 !y c support ! weight ( a man4 ,! eggs are usually ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 & h a smoo!r %ell & blu] t9t ?an ^? ( ! species be=e describ$4 ,,! ,,less] ,,egret4 ,! ,,less] ,,egret 7,h]odias g>zetta7 resembles ! above bird 9 its g5]al appe>ance & habits1 b x is n m ?an tw5ty-f\r in*es long & =ty-two broad2 ! w+ measures twelve & ! tail f\r in*es4 ,9 ?is species ! eye is bright r$1 ! beak black1 & ! foot black1 ) gre5i% yell[ jo9ts4 ,?is beautiful little ,egret occupies ! same latitudes z ! l>g] species1 &1 accord+ to ,lay>d1 has be5 procur$ bo? 9 w9t] & nuptial dress 9 ! vic9ity ( ,cape ,t[n2 also at ,colesb]g1 & at ! ,kneysna4 ,! /oma*s exam9$ by t naturali/ conta9$ multitudes ( small aquatic %ells4 ,a ne>ly-alli$ species 7,ardea egretta7 is common on ! ,kneysna1 b is s %y z to be almo/ unapproa*able2 x bre$s on a small rock on ! sea4 ,! ,little ,egret is n[ v r>e 9 ,great ,brita91 b 0 =m]ly mu* m common1 & 0 reg>d$ by our =efa!rs z a da9ty article ( food4 ,9 ! celebrat$ fea/ on ! en?ronisation ( ,ar*bi%op ,nevill no less ?an #a1jjj ,egrets are m5tion$ 9 ! bill ( f>e4 ,,! ,,cattle ,,h]on4 ,! ,,cattle ,,h]on 7,bubulcus ibis7 repres5ts a gr\p recognisable by _! compact =m1 %ort neck1 %ort p[]ful beak1 %ort legs1 & ! hair-l developm5t ( "s ( _! fea!rs4 ,! plumage is pure :ite dur+ ! bre$+ season1 adorn$ ) long1 fl[+1 ru/-r$ fea!rs on ! cr[n1 upp] brea/1 & back4 ,! eyes are light yell[1 ! bridles & eyelids gre5i% yell[1 ! beak is orange1 & ! foot ( ! adult bird r$di% yell[2 t ( ! "y is ( a br[ni% %ade4 ,! male is n9ete5 in*es long & ?irty-f\r broad2 ! w+ measures n9e in*es & a qu>t]1 & ! tail ?ree in*es & a qu>t]2 ! female is n q s l>ge4 ,?is species is extremely common 9 ,egypt1 :]e1 unlike o!r ,h]ons1 x frequ5ts inhabit$ di/ricts1 pref]r+ inundat$ fields1 & only occasionally visit+ ! banks ( lakes or /reams4 ,9 ,egypt x is con/antly se5 foll[+ ! buffaloes & cattle1 or inspect+ _! backs1 9 se>* ( insects or grubs2 & 9 ,ea/]n ,s\dan accompany+ droves ( elephants = ! same purpose4 ,we h be5 told1 on reliable au?ority1 t z _m z tw5ty ( ^! birds are sometimes se5 ^u a s+le elephant4 ,) ! natives !y live on mo/ excell5t t]ms1 & c>ry on _! acceptable "w q reg>dless ( _! pres5ce4 ,su* ( ^! birds z inhabit ,egypt comm5ce bre$+ :5 ! ,nile rises1 :ile ^? dwell+ 9 ,ea/]n ,s\dan lay some:at e>li] 9 ! ye>4 ,! ne/s are built close toge!r ^u trees1 & are con/antly se5 close to ! huts ( ! natives4 ,! eggs1 f ?ree to five 9 numb]1 are oval 9 =m1 & h a gre5i% blue %ell4 ,,! ,,night ,,h]on4 ,! ,,night ,,h]on 7,nycticorax ,europu7 has a compact body1 %ort1 ?ick1 broad beak1 curv$ at its culm51 mod]ately high legs1 broad w+s1 & ?ick plumage1 :i*1 unlike t ( ! memb]s ( ! family already describ$1 has b ?ree ( its fea!rs unusually prolong$2 ^! are sl5d]1 & plac$ on ! back ( ! head4 ,9 ! adult bird1 ! cr[n1 nape1 upp] "p ( ! back1 & %\ld]s are gre5i% black1 ! re/ ( ! mantle & sides ( ! ?roat d>k grey2 ! fea!rs on ! "u side are pale /raw-yell[1 & ! ?ree long cre/-fea!rs ei!r q :ite or :ite & black4 ,! eye is ( a ri* purple1 ! beak black ) yell[ base1 ! b>e pat* on ! head gre51 & ! foot gre5i% yell[4 ,9 ! "y1 ! mantle is br[n1 spott$ ) br[ni% yell[ & yell[i% :ite2 ! ?roat yell[1 & belly :ite1 spott$ ) br[n2 ! eyebr[s are br[n1 & ! head )\t cre/4 ,?is species is f tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-two in*es long1 & =ty-f\r broad2 ! w+ measures twelve in*es & a half1 & ! tail f\r in*es & a qu>t]4 ,! ,night ,h]on is extremely common 9 ,holl& 9 ! summ]1 & is also met ) 9 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ! s\? ( ,france1 & ,spa92 occasionally1 b v r>ely1 x has be5 %ot 9 ,great ,brita94 ,x visits ,africa dur+ ! w9t]1 & is f\nd f> 9 ! int]ior ( t cont95t4 ,9 nor!rn latitudes x appe>s ab\t ! end ( ,april1 & leaves aga9 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,! ,night ,h]ons bo? sleep & bre$ ^u trees1 & !re=e pr9cipally frequ5t well-wood$ localities1 :e!r ^! be 9 ! vic9ity ( wat] or n2 9 moi/1 well-plant$ regions1 h[ev]1 !y are especially num]\s4 ,except dur+ ! bre$+ season !y sleep1 or at any rate rema9 quiet1 ?r\gh\t ! entire day1 & only desc5d at twilight f _! p]*es 9 ord] to seek = food4 ,^u ! gr\nd !y progress sl[ly1 ) %ort /eps1 b move 9 ! air ) comp>ative swiftness1 alt]nat+ an easy glid+ motion ) rapid b noiseless /rokes ( ! w+s4 ,9 places :]e ^! birds ab\nd1 !y are (t5 se5 fly+ toge!r 9 v l>ge flocks1 at a consid]able height1 on _! way to a suitable hunt+-gr\nd1 ov] :i* !y g5]ally hov] be=e alight+4 ,among ! bran*es !y climb ) an agility t is n exce$$ by any memb] ( ! family4 ,_! voice is extremely h>%1 & some:at resembles ! discordant croak ( ! ,rav54 ,! ,night ,h]ons bre$ f ,may to ,july1 & usually =m regul> settlem5ts n only ( _! own species1 b ) _m alli$ birds4 ,! l>ge1 c>elessly-con/ruct$ ne/ is plac$ high on trees1 & conta9s f\r or five oval gre5 eggs ( v v>i\s %ades4 ,! female broods1 :il/ h] mate m\nts gu>d quietly p]*$ by h] side1 or qu>rels ) & teases o!r males 9 8 neighb\rhood4 ,! ,great ,night ,h]on ( ,am]ica1 :i* is consid]$ by ,audubon & o!rs z a di/9ct species1 is se5 z f> z ! nor!rn & ea/]n extremities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b is unkn[n f>!r nor?w>ds4 ,9 ! w9t] x goes z f> z ! tropics4 ,^! birds arrive 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 ,april1 & imm$iately take possession ( _! old nurs]ies1 usually 9 ! dep?s ( a c$> swamp1 or ( "s inundat$ & inaccessible grove ( oaks2 !re !y pass ! day till twilight comes1 & !n ! p>5t birds sally =? to ! sea-%ores & m>%es 9 se>* ( food = !mselves & "y1 proce$+ 9 m>%all$ ranks1 & utt]+ f "t to "t a guttural kwah1 9 a holl[ voice1 t resembles ! s\nd ( a p]son vomit+4 ,! eyries ( ! ,kwah birds h be5 occupi$ f remote times by eighty or "o hundr$ pairs1 & :5 ! trees are fell$1 !y only remove to ano!r "p ( ! same swamp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,bitt]ns 7,ardetta7 are recognisable by _! comp>atively small size1 sl5d] bill1 l[ fea!r$ t>si1 _! %ort w+s1 9 :i* ! second quill is long] ?an ! re/1 & weak %ort tail4 ,! plumage1 :i* is by no means /rik+ 9 its coloration1 v>ies 9 hue accord+ to ! age & sex ( ! bird4 ,,! ,,little ,,bitt]n4 ,! ,,little ,,bitt]n 7,ardetta m9uta7 is f f\rte5 to sixte5 in*es long1 & f tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-?ree broad2 ! w+ measures five in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & ! tail two in*es4 ,?is elegant bird is ( a glossy blacki% gre5 on ! cr[n1 nape1 back1 & %\ld]s2 ! upp] w+ & "u side are r$di% yell[1 spott$ ) black on ! side ( ! brea/2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are black2 ! eye & bridles yell[4 ,! pale yell[ beak is br[n at its culm52 & ! foot gre5i% yell[4 ,9 ! female all ! d>k p>ts are br[ni% black1 & ! light portions ( ! plumage pale yell[2 ! "y h ! cr[n & nape r$di% br[n1 /rip$ ) a deep] %ade1 ! "u side spott$ br[n & r$di% yell[1 & l[] belly & tail-cov]s :ite4 ,! ,little ,bitt]n is only a summ] visitor to ,great ,brita94 ,x frequ5ts m>%es1 osi] holts1 & o!r places 9 ! neighb\rhood ( wat]1 fe$+ on su* small animal food z is !re easily obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,day ,,& ,,night ,,h]ons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,bitt]n 7,botaurus /ell>is74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,,common ,,bitt]n 7,botaurus /ell>is7 is ! repres5tative ( a gr\p hav+ a compact body1 long ?9 neck1 a n>r[ high beak1 l>ge-to$ feet1 broad w+s1 a tail compos$ ( t5 fea!rs1 & ?ick plumage1 :i* is slightly prolong$ on ! neck4 ,! sexes only diff] 9 _! size4 ,9 bo? ! cr[n is black1 ! nape greyi% black1 mix$ ) yell[1 & ! re/ ( ! plumage spott$ & /reak$ ) d>k br[n ( v>i\s %ades2 ! ?roat exhibits ?ree /ripes2 ! eye is bright yell[1 & ! b>e portion ar\nd x greyi% gre52 ! upp] m&ible is br[ni% grey1 & ! l[] "o ( gre5i% hue2 ! foot is light gre51 ) yell[ jo9ts4 ,?is bird is tw5ty-eight in*es long & =ty-eight broad4 ,! w+ measures fifte5 & ! tail five in*es4 ,! ne/ is plac$ 9 m>%es1 among re$s4 ,! eggs are five 9 numb]1 ( an olive col\r4 ,its food consi/s pr9cipally ( fi% & reptiles ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season x utt]s a l\d bell[+ noise1 & = ?is cause x probably receiv$ ! g5]ic "n ( ,botaurus4 ,?is bell[+ noise1 says ,la?am1 is suppos$ to arise f a loose membrane1 :i* c be fill$ ) air & explod$ at pleasure4 ,! situation ( x is at ! div>ication ( ! w9dpipe4 ,x is capable ( great di/5sion1 & is probably ! cause ( ?is s+ul> ph5om5on1 obs]v$1 we believe1 9 no o!r bird1 at lea/ 9 ! same degree4 ,at o!r times ! bird makes a %>p h>% cry on ris+1 n unlike t ( a ,wild ,goose4 ,,! ,,sun ,,bitt]n1 ,,or ,,peacock ,,h]on4 ,! ,,sun ,,bitt]n1 or ,,peacock ,,h]on 7,eurypyga helias71 repres5ts a gr\p ( ,s\? ,am]ican birds1 hav+ a small meagre body1 long ?9 neck1 a head resembl+ t ( a ,h]on1 & a long1 /raight1 h>d-po9t$1 & p[]ful beak1 compress$ at its sides1 & slightly ar*$ at its culm54 ,! high sl5d] foot has ! h9d] toe mod]ately develop$2 & ! l>ge broad w+ has its ?ird quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! rem>kably long tail is compos$ ( broad fea!rs4 ,! ri*1 lax1 & v>iegat$ plumage is black ^u ! head & nape2 ! eyebr[s1 a l9e t passes f ! corn] ( ! m\? to ! nape1 ! *91 & ?roat are all :ite2 ! fea!rs on ! back & %\ld]s1 & ! upp] second>ies are black1 /rip$ ) br[ni% r$2 ! fea!rs on ! rump & upp] tail-cov]s are black & :ite2 ^? on ! neck /rip$ black & :ite2 & ^? on ! "u side yell[i% or br[ni% :ite2 ! quills are light grey1 ve9$ ) black & :ite1 & /rip$ ) br[n2 ! tail is simil>ly col\r$1 b is broadly m>k$ ) a black /ripe1 edg$ on "o side ) br[n4 ,slight v>iations f ! above col\rs & m>k+s are (t5 obs]vable4 ,! eye is r$1 ! beak yell[1 & ! foot /raw-col\r4 ,?is species is ab\t sixte5 in*es long4 ,?is beautiful bird is a native ( ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & is met ) on ! coa/ & riv]-banks f ,guiana to ,p]u1 & f ,ecuador to ! ,prov9ce ( ,goyas1 9 ,brazil4 ,^u ! %ores ( ! ,or9oco & ,amazon x is especially num]\s4 ,we are told by travell]s t among all ! gorge\sly-col\r$ inhabitants ( ^! luxuriant regions1 ! ,peacock ,h]on is conspicu\s1 pres5t+ z x does a mo/ brilliant comb9ation ( yell[1 gre51 black1 br[n1 & grey1 :5 se5 by ! full light ( ! sun1 9 ^: rays x delights to bask1 keep+ mean:ile its w+s & tail gracefully outspread4 ,9 ,p>a1 9 ,nor!rn ,brazil1 says ,bates1 ! banks at ! edge ( ! wat] are clo!d ) mangrove bu%es1 & b5ea? !m ! muddy banks1 into :i* ! long roots t hang d[n f ! fruit be=e x leaves ! bran*es /rike _! fibres1 sw>m ) crabs4 ,on ! l[] bran*es ! beautiful ,ardea ,eurypyga helias is f\nd4 ,?is is a small ,h]on1 ( exquisitely graceful %ape & mi52 its plumage is m9utely v>iegat$ ) b>s & spots ( _m col\rs1 l ! w+s ( c]ta9 k9ds ( mo?s4 ,x is difficult to see ! bird 9 ! woods1 on acc\nt ( its sombre col\rs & ! %ad9ess ( its dwell+-places2 b its note1 a s(t1 long-drawn :i/le1 (t5 betrays its hid+-place4 ,i 0 told by ! ,indians t x builds on trees1 & t ! ne/1 :i* is made ( clay1 is beautifully con/ruct$4 ,x is a fav\rite pet-bird ( ! ,brazilians1 :o call x ,pava 7pron\nc$ ',pavaong'71 or ,peacock4 ,i (t5 _h opportunities ( obs]v+ its habits4 ,x soon becomes tame1 & walks ab\t ! floors ( h\ses1 pick+ up scraps ( food1 or cat*+ insects1 :i* x secures by walk+ g5tly to ! place :]e !y settle1 & spe>+ !m ) its long sl5d] beak4 ,x all[s itself to be h&l$ by *ildr51 & w answ] to its "n ',pava6 ,pava6' walk+ up ) a da9ty1 circumspect gait1 & tak+ a fly or beetle f ! h&4 ,accord+ to ,ca/elnau1 9 its wild /ate ! ,sun ,bitt]n is by no means s amiable1 b if mole/$1 spr+s ^u its enemy z a cat does ^u a m\se1 beat+ ! air mean:ile ) its w+s4 ,= fur!r p>ticul>s respect+ ! habits ( ?is beautiful species1 we are indebt$ to obs]vations made on birds t h be5 successfully re>$ 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s ( ,london & ,am/]dam4 ,a pair ( ,peacock ,h]ons pur*as$ 9 #ahfb by ! ,london ,zoological ,society1 9 #ahfe %[$ symptoms ( a desire to bre$4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,b>tlett1 :om we h to ?ank = ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>ticul>s1 e>ly 9 ,may !y comm5c$ c>ry+ bits ( grass1 /icks1 & su*-l scraps1 & 7 con/antly walk+ r\nd _! pond1 evid5tly 9 se>* ( mat]ials to compose a ne/1 & appe>$ to try to mix wet dirt ) bits ( moss4 ,?is proce$+ sugge/$ ! idea ( supply+ !m ) wet clay & mud1 :i* !y at once employ$4 ,aft] a %ort "t1 !y decid$ to make _! ne/ on ! top ( a pole or tree ab\t t5 feet f ! gr\nd1 on :i* 0 fix$ an old /raw ne/4 ,bo? birds c>ri$ up mud & clay1 mix$ ) bits ( /raw & grass-roots1 9 ord] to =m ! out] wall1 & pla/]$ ! inside ?ickly ) a coat+ ( mud4 ,%ortly aft] ! ne/ 0 complet$ a brok5 egg 0 f\nd1 & 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,june ano!r 0 laid2 bo? p>5ts took _! turn 9 ! "w ( incubation1 & hat*$ ! "y bird on ! #i? ( ,july4 ,x 0 cov]$ ) f9e %ort d[n1 & closely resembl$ a "y ,plov] or ,snipe 9 its g5]al appe>ance4 ,x rema9$ 9 ! ne/1 & 0 f$ ) small live fi%es & insects1 & did n gape or cry1 b z soon z ! p>5ts appe>$ ) food1 x peck$ ! morsels f !m1 & swall[$ !m4 ,x left ! ne/ 9 tw5ty-"o days1 its w+s be+ /rong en\gh to be> x to ! gr\nd1 :]e x 0 f$ z be=e1 & nev] return$ to ! ne/2 x grew v rapidly1 & 9 two mon?s' "t 0 n di/+ui%able f ! adults4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/ ! old birds began to repair ! ne/1 add+ a fre% l9+ ( mud & clay2 & at ! end ( ! mon? ! female laid ano!r egg4 ,?is "t ! male att5d$ m to ! duties ( incubation ?an 8 p>tn]1 :o devot$ h] pr9cipal att5tion to fe$+ h] n[ full-gr[n (fspr+4 ,! second "y bird 0 hat*$ on ! #bh? ( ,septemb]1 b receiv$ su* slight att5tion f its p>5ts t ! keep] fe>$ x might />ve f _! neglect1 & he !re=e det]m9$ to g up by a ladd] & fe$ x4 ,! hungry little fell[ took ! food readily f 8 h&1 & 0 ?us re>$ till x arriv$ at maturity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,m>%-,,wad]s 7,paludicol7 comprise s great a v>iety ( species z to r5d] a g5]al description ( _! *>act]i/ics extremely difficult4 ,9 ^! birds ! body is p[]ful1 ! neck ( mod]ate size1 ! head small1 ! beak r\nd & /raight1 ! legs long1 & ! feet furni%$ ) f\r toes2 ! w+s are ( m$ium l5g?1 & ! tail %ort4 ,! ?ick plumage v>ies /rik+ly 9 its hues 9 old & "y birds1 & b little 9 ! sexes4 ,mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p occupy moi/ or boggy localities1 & pass _! lives ^u ! gr\nd1 :ile "s few frequ5t ! bran*es ( trees4 ,insects1 small animals ( v>i\s k9ds1 comb9$ ) vegetable diet1 af=d !m ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,! eggs are deposit$ 9 a ne/1 & h a spott$ %ell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,cranes 7,grues7 con/itute by f> ! l>ge/1 be/ =m$1 & mo/ intellig5t division ( ! above birds1 & are *>act]is$ by _! almo/ conical body1 long ?9 neck1 small1 beautifully-%ap$ head1 & %>p1 mod]ately /rong beak1 :i* is /raight & slightly compress$ at its sides & blunt at ! culm51 ab\t z long z ! head1 s(t at its base1 & h>d at ! tip4 ,! long p[]ful legs are b>e1 & ! feet are furni%$ ) f\r toes2 ( ^! ! h9d] toe is s small z n to t\* ! gr\nd2 ! ext]ior & c5tre toes are connect$ by sk9 z f> z ! fir/ jo9ts2 ! claws are %ort1 blunt1 & flatly curv$1 ! w+s l>ge & broad1 ) ! ?ird quill long] ?an ! re/ & ! upp] second>ies mu* prolong$2 ! %ort tail is usually r\nd$1 & ! ?ick plumage compos$ ( small fea!rs2 9 "s species ! head & neck are b>e1 9 o!rs adorn$ ) beautiful plumes4 ,! sexes are simil> 9 _! coloration1 b diff] mu* 9 size2 ! "y resemble ! adult bird aft] ! fir/ m\lt+1 b only atta9 ! fl[+ cre/ at a lat] p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sun ,,bitt]n1 ,,or ,,peacock ,,h]on 7,eurypyga helias74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,cranes are met ) 9 almo/ e portion ( ! globe1 b are especially num]\s 9 its w>m] regions2 su* z inhabit nor!rn latitudes migrate z f> z1 b d n bre$ 9 ! c\ntries ne> ! equator4 ,m>%y localities or morasses1 9 ! vic9ity ( cultivat$ l&1 are ! situations !y pref]1 z af=d+ a ri* & con/ant supply ( ! frogs1 molluscs1 worms1 & vegetable diet ^u :i* !y subsi/4 ,9 ,pale/9e ! ,cranes visit ! cultivat$ di/ricts only 9 ! "t ( _! spr+ migrations1 :5 b a few pairs rema9 9 ! m>%y pla9s1 :ile ! great] numb] pass on to ! nor?4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,wild]ness !y resort 9 imm5se numb]s to c]ta9 fav\rite roo/+-places dur+ ! w9t]4 ,t[>ds ev5+ at ?is season1 we are told t cl\ds ( ^! enorm\s birds lit]ally d>k5 ! air4 ,_! roo/+-place1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,tri/ram1 is usually a g5tly-slop+1 isolat$ knoll1 :]e no ambu% is possible1 & :]e !y c keep a good look-out on all sides4 ,9 su* situations _! :oop+ & trumpet+ cry is to be he>d ?r\gh ! entire night4 ,! foll[+ int]e/+ p>ticul>s respect+ ! migrations ( ^! birds 9 ! ,wild]ness ( ,s9ai are f ! notes ( ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,holl&3--,on ,m>* ! #bbnd we saw an imm5se flock ( ,cranes cross+ ! ,r$ ,sea f ,africa4 ,! l9e appe>$ to /ret* across ! :ole bread? ( ! sea4 ,five days aft]w>ds we f\nd a solit>y "o among/ ! m\nta9s1 :i* did n attempt to fly1 b /alk$ maje/ically on be=e our camels1 q reg>dless ( a few revolv] bullets :izz+ close pa/ him4 ,at la/ an ,arab boy gave *ase1 & runn+ him into a bu% soon caught him1 & return$ 9 triumph1 hold+ him up by ! tips ( 8 w+s4 ,:5 releas$ he /alk$ on z unconc]n$ly z be=e2 b :5 on ! po9t ( be+ caught aga91 ! /range bird sudd5ly took w+1 & aft] :eel+ r\nd sev]al times flew away ov] ! m\nta9s4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,april1 ?ree days s\? ( ,be]%eba1 9 ! des]t1 ano!r l>ge flock ( m ?an two ?\s& ,cranes pass$ ov] our heads1 all go+ nor? z ! o!rs4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 sev]al small] flocks 7 se5 cross+ ! same des]t f ,akabah t[>ds ,suez4 ,,! ,,common ,,crane4 ,! ,,common ,,crane 7,grus c9]ea7 is recognisable by its p>tially b>e head1 & ! long curly fea!rs on its upp] w+-cov]s4 ,9 ?is bird ! plumage is pr9cipally a%-grey1 black 9 ! region ( ! ?roat & br[1 & :iti% on ! side ( ! neck2 ! quills are black1 ! eyes br[ni% r$1 & ! feet blacki%2 ! beak is r$di% at its base1 & blacki% gre5 at its tip4 ,?is species is f\r feet & a half long1 & sev5 & ?ree-qu>t]s broad2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-five & ! tail eight in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! ,common ,crane is a native ( ! nor!rn portions ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e1 f ,c5tral ,sib]ia to ,sc&9avia1 & f !nce w&]s s\? z f> z ,*9a1 ,india1 & ,c5tral & ,we/]n ,africa4 ,! p]iodical migrations ( ^! birds are rem>kable = su* punctuality t = a long s]ies ( ye>s !y h be5 obs]v$ to pass ?r\gh ,france 9 ! mon? ( ,octob]1 inv>iably return+ dur+ ! latt] half ( ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,on ^! occasions !y always fly 9 l>ge flocks1 :i* move ) great rapidity2 & alight dur+ ! day to re/ & seek = food4 ,! ,common ,crane1 al?\gh n[ only an occasional visitor to ,engl&1 0 =m]ly mu* m common1 & br$ 9 ! m>%es1 :i* !n af=d$ x food & %elt]4 ,s9ce ^! h be5 dra9$1 & ! l& cultivat$1 !y h almo/ entirely disappe>$4 ,9 ,*>les ,,ii4's "t ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne writes3 ,cranes are (t5 se5 "h 9 h>d wea!r1 especially ab\t ! *ampaign & fieldy "p4 ,x seems !y h be5 m pl5tiful1 = 9 a bill :5 ! ,mayor ent]ta9$ ! ,duke ( ,norfolk1 ,i met ) ,cranes 9 a di%4 ,9 an acc\nt pres]v$ by ,lel&1 9 8 ,collectanea ,antiqua1 ( ! great fea/ at ! en?ronisation ( ,george ,nevill1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,york & ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv41 #bjd ,cranes =m a "p ( ! goodly provision detail$2 & 9 ! second c\rse ( ! d9n]s1 ,crane =ms ! fir/ ro/ di%1 foll[$ by ,cony1 ,h]on%aw1 & ,curlew4 ,dur+ _! migrations1 ^! birds always fly 9 two l9es1 :i* 9 front meet 9 an acute angle1 ?us =m+ a figure some:at resembl+ ! ,greek lett] ,greek3 g1 :i*1 inde$1 is said to h d]iv$ its %ape f ?is v circum/ance4 ,"o ( ! company always flies 9 advance ( ! re/1 & ?us con/itutes ! v]tex ( ! angle2 & if ! movem5ts ( ! flock are wat*$1 x may readily be obs]v$ t :5 ?is individual becomes fatigu$ by be+ ! fir/ to cleave ! air1 x falls to ! re>1 & leaves ! next 9 succession to take its po/4 ,x has be5 notic$1 moreov]1 t :5 ! ,cranes 9 _! migratory flights meet ) a l(ty m\nta91 !y utt] %rill cries1 appe> anxi\s & re/less1 & fly )\t any k9d ( ord]4 ,gradually1 & ea* = itself1 !y n[ asc5d spirally until su* "t z !y h atta9$ suffici5t height to pass ov] ! ob/acle1 :51 assum+ _! orig9al =mation1 !y proce$ on _! c\rse4 ,at times _! flight is s v high t1 not)/&+ ea* individual occupies a consid]able space1 ! birds !mselves1 ?\gh he>d 9 ! air1 are n p]ceptible to ! nak$ eye4 ,_! %rill1 l\d1 & trumpet-l note is audible f> & ne>1 & if at a %ort di/ance is almo/ deaf5+4 ,_! voices are r5d]$ m p[]ful by ! peculi> con/ruction ( ! w9dpipe1 :i* =ms sev]al curvatures 9 ! brea/-bone1 be=e desc5d+ into & jo9+ ! lungs4 ,?is tall & /ately bird1 :5 x /&s upright1 rea*es to ! brea/ ( a man4 ,x is ( a %y & w>y disposition1 & :5 a l>ge flock alights 9 a field1 ei!r = ! purpose ( fe$+ or re/+1 "o or m ( ! p>ty is always se5 /&+ at "s little di/ance1 ) head erect1 & evid5tly on ! wat*4 ,on ! approa* ( dang] ?is individual is ! fir/ to take w+1 on :i* ! re/ foll[ its example4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,crane is g5]ally plac$ among ! ?ick re$s or 9 ! luxuriant h]bage ( _! fav\rite m>%es1 b occasionally on ! top ( "s des]t$ edifice4 ,! eggs are two 9 numb]1 & h a gre5i% %ell1 spott$ ) br[n4 ,bo? p>5ts brood1 & fe$ _! (fspr+ at fir/ 9 ! ne/2 ! "y d n atta9 _! full /r5g? ( w+ until sev]al mon?s old4 ,,! ,,demoiselle1 ,,or ,,numidian ,,crane4 ,! ,,demoiselle1 or ,,numidian ,,crane 7,an?ropoides virgo71 is di/+ui%able f its cong5]s by its %ort beak & entirely fea!r$ head1 :i* is decorat$ ) two fl[+ plumes2 also by ! l5g? ( ! plumage on ! l[] neck1 & ! prolong$ b /raight fea!rs on ! upp] w+-cov]s4 ,! unusually s(t plumage is *iefly light grey2 ! long fea!rs on ! l[] neck are deep black1 ! cre/s pure :ite1 & ! quills greyi% black2 ! eye is bright r$2 ! beak dull gre5 at ! base1 horn-grey t[>ds ! extremity1 & pale r$ at ! tip2 ! foot is black4 ,?is species is f ?irty-two to ?irty-?ree in*es long & sixty-f\r broad2 ! w+ measures sev5te5 & ! tail six in*es4 ,! "y are )\t ! fl[+ fea!rs on ! head & neck4 ,?is beautiful & attractive bird inhabits ,s\?-ea/]n ,europe & ,c5tral ,asia1 & is especially num]\s at ! m\? ( ! ,volga1 9 ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,caspian ,sea1 & 9 ,mongolia & ,t>t>y2 f !nce x w&]s z f> z ,s\!rn ,india & ,c5tral ,africa2 occasionally x has be5 also met ) 9 ,s\?-we/]n ,europe4 ,! ,demoiselle ,crane arrives & dep>ts ab\t ! same "t z ! o!r memb]s ( ! family1 & l !m frequ5ts ! vic9ity ( wat] or morasses1 b1 accord+ to ,radde1 sometimes occupies m\nta9 regions1 ev5 to an altitude ( #c1ejj feet above ! sea4 ,9 its habits & modes ( life x closely resembles ! ,cranes already describ$1 & l !m lays b two eggs4 ,bo? sexes brood1 & comm5ce _! prep>ations ab\t ,april2 by ! end ( ,july ! "y are fl$g$1 & %ortly aft] t "t are able to fly 9 company ) ! adults4 ,! ,demoiselles h receiv$ _! "n f ! danc+ movem5ts 9 :i* !y frequ5tly indulge1 ! males ent]ta9+ ! females & ea* o!r by leap+ & turn+ r\nd1 accompany+ all _! actions ) a con/ant wav+ ( ! head4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,african ,,cr[n$ ,,cranes 7,bale>ica7 possess a p[]ful body1 mod]ate-siz$ neck1 l>ge head1 & a /rong1 conical1 slightly-curv$ bill ( m$ium l5g?2 ! legs & feet are long2 ! claws /rong2 ! w+s v mu* r\nd$1 ) ! f\r? quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is %ort & /raight2 & ! plumage ?ick4 ,! back ( ! head is adorn$ ) a conspicu\s plume ( bri/le-l fea!rs1 :ile ^? on ! neck & upp] brea/ are prolong$1 & ^? on ! w+-cov]s disunit$ at ! web2 ! prom95t *eeks & ?roat are b>e4 ,! sexes diff] b little 9 col\r2 ! "y are ( dull] complexion ?an ! adults4 ,^! f9e birds are natives ( ,africa1 & h hi!rto be5 class$ ) ! ,cranes2 ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! _m important po9ts 9 :i* !y diff] f ! memb]s ( t family1 we h pref]r$ to place !m 9 a diff]5t gr\p4 ,,! ,,cr[n$ ,,african ,,or ,,peacock ,,crane4 ,! ,,cr[n$ ,,african or ,,peacock ,,crane 7,bale>ica pavon9a7 has black plumage1 & a gold5 yell[ & black cre/2 ! fea!rs on ! w+-cov]s are pure :ite1 & mo/ ( ! upp] second>ies r$di% br[n1 ^? at ! ext]ior be+ gold5 yell[2 ! eye is :ite2 ! *eeks are light fle%-p9k above1 & bright r$ bel[2 ! beak is black1 tipp$ ) :ite2 & ! foot blacki% grey4 ,dur+ ! life ( ?is bird ! plumage is cov]$ ) a bluei% du/4 ,! l5g? ( ! body is ?irty-eight in*es1 ! bread? sev5ty-two2 ! w+ measures n9ete5 in*es & a half1 & ! tail eight in*es & a half4 ,?is species 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be a native ( ! ,bale>ic ,isles1 :5ce its sci5tific "n4 ,c5tral ,africa1 f #ag nor? latitude1 is1 h[ev]1 really its pr9cipal habitat2 :il/ 9 ! mo/ s\!rn portions ( t cont95t x is replac$ by a ne>ly-alli$ species4 ,9 ^! regions x occupies ! flat bu%-cov]$ %ores ( riv]s & /reams1 or light woods1 & is to be se5 dur+ ! day pr9cipally ^u ! small isl&s & s&banks1 :i!r x comes 9 pairs or small flocks1 ei!r to seek = food or to p]=m a v>iety ( danc+ movem5ts4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season ^! small p>ties (t5 increase to companies numb]+ m ?an "o hundr$ birds1 & occasionally !y associate ) ! ,grey or ,demoiselle ,cranes4 ,^u ! gr\nd ! ,cr[n$ ,crane usually walks erect & sl[ly1 ) its cre/ uprais$2 b if sore press$ x c run ) su* swiftness z r5d]s x a matt] ( difficulty = a man to ov]take x4 ,be=e ris+ into ! air x runs = a %ort di/ance ) w+s outspread1 & !n m\nts ) sl[ly-flapp+ p9ions1 ext5d$ neck1 & cre/ laid back4 ,x is at pres5t unc]ta9 :e!r bo? sexes indulge 9 ! ex]cise above allud$ to1 dur+ :i* ! p]=m]s (t5 spr+ ?ree or f\r feet high1 turn1 twi/1 & /ep ) _! feet z if danc+4 ,_! l\d call is suppos$ to resemble ! ,arabic ^w ,rh>muk1 & may be he>d at ! di/ance ( at lea/ a qu>t] ( a mile4 ,se$s1 gra9s1 b]ries1 portions ( plants1 insects1 & occasionally mussels or small fi%1 are ! pr9cipal food ( ^! birds2 & = ^! !y beg9 to seek ab\t sunrise1 & aft] fe$+ = ab\t two h\rs ba!1 dance1 & pre5 !mselves4 ,?is "o repa/ is usually suffici5t = ! entire day2 at night !y fly ) l\d trumpet+ cries to seek repose ^u ! trees4 ,we h se5 z _m z ?irty or =ty ,peacock ,cranes p]*+ 9 ! bran*es1 & f ?is circum/ance conclude t !y also bre$ 9 simil> situations4 ,! capture ( ^! birds is att5d$ ) mu* difficulty1 ow+ to _! extreme %yness2 :5 caught1 h[ev]1 !y are readily tam$1 & c>ry on _! danc+ movem5ts ev5 9 captivity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,field ,,/orks 7,arvicol7 h a %ort or mod]ately long bill1 ) s(t base & horny tip2 high feet1 furni%$ ) small toes1 ! h9d] ( :i* is too %ort to rea* ! gr\nd2 & m$ium-siz$ or %ort w+s4 ,! tail is ( v>i\s l5g?s1 & ! plumage r ?ick2 ! *eek-/ripes & a pat* ar\nd ! eye are b>e4 ,^! birds are natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e !y frequ5t dry1 cultivat$ di/ricts1 & subsi/ ^u se$s & insects2 _! ne/s are plac$ on or ne> ! gr\nd2 ! eggs are ( uni=m hue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,snake ,,cranes 7,di*olophus7 con/itute a gr\p ( rem>kable birds1 hav+ a sl5d] body1 long neck1 mod]ately l>ge head1 & %ort1 h>d1 p[]ful w+s1 9 :i* ! f\r? & fif? quills are long] ?an ! re/1 & %\ld]-fea!rs prolong$4 ,! long1 decid$ly-r\nd$ tail is =m$ ( t5 fea!rs1 ! sl5d] beak is %ort] ?an ! head1 slightly compress$1 /raight or curv$1 & hook$ at its tip4 ,! long legs are unfea!r$1 & ! %ort toes arm$ ) ?ick1 hook$1 & po9t$ claws1 resembl+ ^? ( a bird ( prey4 ,! head-fea!rs are s(t1 long1 & po9t$2 & ^? on ! br[ graduat$ f ! base ( ! beak1 till !y =m an upright cre/4 ,! plumage on ! belly & rump is ( d[ny texture1 & t ab\t ! base ( ! bill bri/le-l2 ! *eek-/ripes are b>e4 ,,! ,,brazilian ,,c>iama1 ,,or ,,cre/$ ,,scream]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cr[n$1 ,,demoiselle1 ,,& ,,common ,,cranes4 ,! ,,brazilian ,,c>iama1 or ,,cre/$ ,,scream] 7,di*olophus cri/atus71 has grey plumage1 ea* fea!r delicately m>k$ ) zigzag l9es ( v>i\s %ades2 ^u ! brea/1 ! fea!rs are only m>k$ ^u ! %aft2 & ^? on ! l[] belly are )\t any l9es4 ,! long fea!rs on ! head & neck are blacki% br[n1 ! quills br[n1 /rip$ ) :ite2 ! two c5tre tail-fea!rs are greyi% br[n1 ! re/ blacki% br[n 9 ! middle1 & :ite at ! base & tip4 ,! eyes are light sulphur-yell[1 ! *eek-/ripes greyi% fle%-p9k1 ! b>e eye-r+s bluei%1 & ! feet r$di% br[n 9 front1 & bright r$ at _! sides2 ! beak is coral-r$4 ,! female has %ort] fea!rs on h] head & a yell[i% %ade 9 h] plumage4 ,! "y resemble ! "m4 ,?is bird is f ?irty-"o to ?irty-two in*es long2 ! w+ measures f\rte5 & ! tail twelve in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>iama1 ,,or ,,cre/$ ,,scream] 7,di*olophus cri/atus74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,c>iamas inhabit ! ext5sive op5 mead[s ( ,c5tral ,brazil1 & are also met ) ?r\gh\t a great portion ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ! /ates ( ,la ,plata !y are replac$ by a v simil> species4 ,^! birds live 9 pairs or small families1 & if di/urb$1 at once take refuge 9 ! long grass t cov]s _! fav\rite haunts1 peep+ =? f "t to "t1 9 ord] to reconnoitre1 & =?) return+ to _! place ( safety4 ,s cauti\s are !y1 inde$1 t ,burmei/] tells u he has (t5 he>d _! voices close to him dur+ an entire day1 )\t ev] succe$+ 9 cat*+ a glimpse ( !m4 ,9 ! daytime ! ,c>iamas are occupi$ 9 se>*+ = ! insects1 snakes1 & o!r reptiles ^u :i* !y subsi/4 ,ow+ to ! great s]vices !y r5d] by de/roy+ ! latt] noxi\s creatures1 ! natives are =bidd5 by law to kill !m4 ,burmei/] tells u t !y also eat b]ries4 ,unlike ! ,cranes1 ^! birds are con/antly 9 motion ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,accord+ to ! ,pr9ce von ,wi$1 !y occasionally repose ^u ! bran*es1 b if al>m$1 at once return to ! gr\nd1 & endeav\r to save !mselves by runn+1 a mode ( locomotion :i* !y p]=m ) su* extraord9>y rapidity z to out/rip a horseman4 ,! h>% l\d voice ( ?is species has be5 comp>$ to ! b>k+ or yelp+ ( a "y dog1 or ! ho>se cry ( a bird ( prey4 ,^! mo/ unpleas+ s\nds are sometimes cont9u$ = half an h\r at a "t1 ! noisy p]=m] sitt+ upright on a bran*1 & turn+ its head ab\t 9 a sort ( accompanim5t to its h>% screams1 :i* ,burmei/] rem>ks are en\gh to drive any p]son ) weak n]ves f its vic9ity4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation1 ! males cont5d fi]cely1 te>+ ea* o!r ) _! beaks1 & pres5t+ a mo/ ludicr\s appe>ance1 z1 ) plumage inflat$ & tail fully spread1 !y b\nd into ! air4 ,! ne/ is usually plac$ 9 trees1 at no great height f ! gr\nd1 & is =m$ ( dry twigs1 l9$ ) a coat+ ( clay or dung4 ,! two eggs1 :i* are ab\t z l>ge z ^? ( ! ,peacock1 h a :ite %ell1 sp>sely dott$ ) ru/-r$4 ,! "y1 :5 fir/ hat*$1 are clad 9 ?ick r$di% d[n1 m>k$ ) deep greyi% br[n1 & rema9 = "s "t 9 ! ne/4 ,! ,cre/$ ,scream]s are readily tam$ & re>$ 9 ! p\ltry-y>d4 ,burmei/] saw two ( ^! birds t 7 dome/icat$ 9 a f>mh\se1 /&+ w>m+ !mselves at ! fire among a gr\p ( m5 & *ildr54 ,if driv5 =cibly to "o side1 !y m]ely retir$ quietly to a %ort di/ance1 & almo/ imm$iately return$ to _! =m] position4 ,al?\gh ! fle% ( ! ,c>iama is :ite & well-flav\r$1 x is seldom kill$1 z its swiftness ( foot r5d]s its capture a "w ( mu* difficulty1 ev5 to a m\nt$ sportsman4 ,! plan usually adopt$1 accord+ to ! ,pr9ce von ,wi$1 is to foll[ x pati5tly on horseback1 until at la/ x is driv5 into a corn] & becomes too we>y to make fur!r attempts to escape or elude pursuit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,trumpet]s 7,psophia7 possess a p[]ful body1 mod]ately long neck1 m$ium-siz$ head1 & %ort1 curv$ beak1 compress$ at its sides & hook$ at its tip4 ,! feet are high1 ! t>si long1 ! toes %ort1 & arm$ ) curv$ %>p claws2 ! ext]ior & c5tre toes are unit$ by a %ort sk92 ! ar*$ w+ has its f\r? quill long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is %ort & weak1 & ! plumage pr9cipally compos$ ( l>ge fea!rs4 ,^? on ! head & neck are ( velvety1 & ^? on ! "u side ( d[ny texture4 ,^! birds frequ5t ! ,s\? ,am]ican =e/s1 :]e !y r5d] !mselves conspicu\s by _! mo/ peculi> & noisy cry4 ,?is l\d trumpet-l s\nd is utt]$ six or sev5 times 9 succession1 )\t op5+ ! beak1 & is s deep & sonor\s t x appe>s to proce$ f ! bird's entire body4 ,accord+ to ,pallas1 ! /range noise results f a peculi> con/ruction ( ! w9dpipe1 :i* at its upp] portion is z ?ick z a ,swan's quill1 b becomes m sl5d] z x ent]s ! *e/1 :5 x gives (f two membran\s semicircul> air-bags1 ( :i* ! "r is ! l>ge/1 & divid$ into ?ree or f\r cells4 ,! holl[ int]nal drumm+1 prec$$ by a wild cry1 is evid5tly produc$ by ! vibration ( ! air =c$ into ^! air-bags by ! action ( ! muscles ( ! ?orax4 ,dur+ ! p]=mance ! *e/ heaves z 9 birds :5 s++4 ,,! ,,agami1 ,,or ,,gold-,,brea/$ ,,trumpet]4 ,! ,,agami1 or ,,gold-,,brea/$ ,,trumpet] 7,psophia crepitans71 is black ^u ! head1 neck1 upp] back1 w+s1 l[] brea/1 belly1 & rump2 ! %\ld]-fea!rs are purpli% black1 %ad$ ) blue or gre52 ! upp] brea/ is /eel-blue1 ) a copp]-r$ %e54 ,! eye is r$di% br[n1 ! b>e r+ ar\nd x fle%-p9k1 ! beak gre5i% :ite1 & ! foot yell[i% p9k4 ,?is species is tw5ty in*es long2 ! w+ measures elev5 in*es1 & ! tail "o in*4 ,! ,agami occupies su* p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica z are situat$ nor? ( ! ,amazon1 :ile on ! o!r side ( t mighty /ream x is replac$ by ano!r b ne>ly-alli$ species4 ,bo? occupy =e/s1 & are met ) 9 l>ge flocks1 t (t5 numb] "s two hundr$ birds4 ,^! p>ties w&] ab\t toge!r 9 se>* ( ! fruit1 b]ries1 se$s1 & insects ^u :i* !y subsi/2 & usually move ) a sl[ & /ately /ep1 enliv5+ !mselves f "t to "t by leap+ into ! air ) a v>iety ( ludicr\s movem5ts1 & if di/urb$1 !y at once seek safety by runn+4 ,_! flight is s weak1 accord+ to ,s*omburghk1 t :5 cross+ a riv] !y are (t5 compell$ to drop ^u ! wat] & save !mselves by swimm+4 ,?is /atem5t expla9s ! reason :y ! habitat ( ! two species is s /rictly conf9$ to ! two sides ( ! ,amazon4 ,if mu* press$1 aft] runn+ "s di/ance1 !y flutt] into ! bran*es or lie close to ! gr\nd1 & are !n readily %ot4 ,:5 al>m$1 _! rem>kable cry is he>d to mo/ advantage4 ,! ,agamis usually deposit _! eggs 9 a slight holl[ on ! gr\nd1 g5]ally at ! foot ( a tree4 ,! eggs h a light gre5 %ell1 & are t5 9 numb]4 ,! "y leave ! ne/ z soon z !y are hat*$1 b d n lose _! d[ny cov]+ till !y are sev]al weeks old4 ,^! int]e/+ birds become rem>kably docile :5 dome/icat$1 z ! foll[+ acc\nt1 drawn f ! ,gal]ie des ,oiseaux1 w %[3--,! ,agami soon le>ns to obey ! voice ( its ma/]1 foll[s him :]ev] he goes1 & appe>s delight$ at receiv+ 8 c>esses2 x welcomes 8 return ) alacrity1 & seems to rep9e at 8 abs5ce4 ,9 ! same proportion t x appreciates ! fav\rs be/[$ ^u x1 x is jeal\s ( any rival4 ,%\ld ev5 a dog approa*1 x imm$iately assails x ) its beak & drives x to a di/ance1 ) e symptom ( displeasure4 ,x pres5ts itself regul>ly at ! d9n]-table1 f :i* x *ases all dome/ic animals1 & sometimes ev5 ! negroes :o wait at table1 %\ld !y happ5 to be /rang]s1 & only asks = a %>e ( ! d9n] aft] x has expell$ f ! room all :o might aspire to fav\rable notice f ! family4 ,x is rem>kably c\rage\s2 dogs ( mod]ate size are oblig$ to c$e to its au?ority4 ,x walks out alone1 )\t any dang] ( los+ itself1 & x is ev5 ass]t$ t an ,agami may be tru/$ ) ! c>e ( a flock ( %eep1 & t e morn+ x w drive ducks & f[ls to _! fe$+-place & br+ !m home at night1 aft] c>efully collect+ any /raggl]s4 ,z = ! bird itself1 x is nev] %ut up1 b sleeps j :]e x pleases1 ^u ! ro( ( a b>n1 or 9 ! f>my>d4 ,its trumpet+ is describ$ z resembl+ ! s\nd produc$ by a p]son endeav\r+ to pron\nce ,t\1 t\1 t\2 t\1 t\1 t\1 ) 8 m\? %ut1 or ! doleful noise made by ! ,dut* bak]s1 :o bl[ a glass trumpet to in=m _! cu/om]s :5 _! bread is tak5 out ( ! ov54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,scream]s 7,palam$e7 con/itute a gr\p ( /range birds1 possess+ l>ge heavy bodies1 long necks1 small heads1 long p[]ful w+s1 /rong tail1 & mod]ately high1 ?ick foot1 ) rem>kably long toes4 ,! bill is %ort] ?an ! head1 compress$ at ! culm51 hook$ at its tip1 & cov]$ ) a c]e at its base4 ,! legs are p>tially b>e1 & ! ext]ior & middle toes connect$ by a sk92 ! h9d toe is s long z to t\* ! gr\nd2 ! claws are ( mod]ate size1 slightly hook$1 & po9t$4 ,9 ! w+ ! ?ird quill is long] ?an ! re/1 & ! r\nd$ tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs2 ! plumage ( ! body is ?ick2 ! neck is cov]$ ) small fea!rs4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p h two p[]ful spurs on ! jo9t ( ! w+1 & "o species has a horny protub]ance on ! head4 ,! sexes are unlike 9 col\r4 ,! ,scream]s frequ5t ! m>%y gr\nds ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e !y live 9 pairs or small p>ties4 ,9 disposition !y are extremely timid & %y1 b soon betray _! pres5ce by _! noisy vocif]ations4 ,se$s & portions ( plants con/itute _! pr9cipal f>e1 b !y d n reject insects1 small reptiles1 or ev5 fi%es4 ,^u ! gr\nd !y move ) mu* dignity1 & 9 _! mann] ( flight ne>ly resemble "s ( ! l>g] birds ( prey2 :5 at re/1 !y g5]ally p]* on ! bran*es ( l(ty trees4 ,al?\gh usually peaceful1 !y exhibit mu* c\rage if attack$1 & def5d !mselves boldly ) ! =midable spurs ^u _! w+s4 ,! ne/ is l>ge1 situat$ on ! gr\nd 9 _! fav\rite m>%es1 & conta9s two unspott$ eggs4 ,! horn & spurs ( ?is bird are mu* e/eem$ by ! ,indians z heal+ rem$ies1 & 9 _m p>ts ( ! int]ior are articles ( trade4 ,,! ,,aniuma1 ,,or ,,horn$ ,,scream]4 ,! ,,aniuma1 or ,,horn$ ,,scream] 7,palam$ea cornuta71 is *>act]is$ by a horn ^u ! br[1 its ?ickly-plumag$ bridles1 & ! %ort fea!rs on its head & neck4 ,! horn ( ?is species1 :i* is ab\t five or six in*es long1 ei!r /raight & upright or slightly curv$1 is situat$ ne> ! beak1 & is ab\t a l9e & a half 9 diamet] at its base4 ,! upp] w+-spur is ab\t two in*es long1 po9t$ & triangul>1 & curves g5tly upw>ds2 & ! l[] "o /rong1 almo/ /raight1 & ab\t f\r l9es long4 ,! velvety fea!rs on ! cr[n are :iti% grey tipp$ ) black2 ^? ( ! *eeks1 ?roat1 neck1 back1 brea/1 w+s1 & tail are blacki% br[n2 ^? on ! %\ld] & l>ge w+-cov]s ( a gre5i% metallic %ade2 & ! small cov]-fea!rs yell[i% at _! roots4 ,! fea!rs on ! l[] ?roat & upp] brea/ are silv]-grey1 broadly edg$ ) black1 & ^? ( ! belly & rump pure :ite1 ! horn :iti% grey1 & ! foot slate-col\r4 ,?is bird is ?irty in*es long & sev5ty-eight broad2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-"o1 & ! tail elev5 in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gold-,,brea/$ ,,trumpet] 7,psophia crepitans74 ,! ,aniuma is a native ( ,brazil1 :]e x frequ5ts ! va/ swamps & savannahs1 & preys ^u ! sw>ms ( small animals ) :i* !y teem4 ,9 ^! localities1 an incessant discord ( j>r+ s\nds arises f ! voices ( ! multif>i\s inhabitants1 b high & %rill above !m all is he>d ! l\d />tl+ cry ( ! ,horn$ ,scream]4 ,=midable snakes ( all k9ds infe/ ^! haunts2 b by ! aid ( ! p[]ful1 l>ge1 h>d spurs ^u ! jo9t ( ea* w+1 x is enabl$ to protect itself & its "y f _! assaults4 ,if n attack$1 h[ev]1 its habits are %y1 & its disposition g5tle4 ,:5 9 se>* ( ! leaves & se$s ( ! aquatic plants on :i* x p>tly subsi/s1 x wades deep into ! wat]1 & :5 on ! gr\nd walks ) an air ( pride1 keep+ its head elevat$4 ,its flight1 z might be expect$ f ! l5g? & spread ( its w+s1 is /rong & sweep+4 ,^! birds live 9 pairs t are unit$ = life1 & make _! ne/ on ! gr\nd4 ,accord+ to ! natives !y lay two :ite eggs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,aniuma1 ,,or ,,horn$ ,,scream] 7,palam$ea cornuta74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,*auna1 ,,or ,,ts*aja4 ,! ,,*auna1 or ,,ts*aja 7,*auna ,*av>ia71 has a horn ^u ! br[1 b a %ort] beak ?an ! ,aniuma2 ! bridles are b>e1 ! nape decorat$ ) a cre/1 & ! plumage s(t1 b n ( velvety texture1 on ! head & neck4 ,! fea!rs ( ! cre/ & on ! cr[n are grey1 ^? on ! *eeks1 ?roat1 & upp] neck :ite1 ^? ( ! mantle br[n1 ( ! nape & upp] brea/ deep greyi% blue4 ,! edges ( ! w+s1 ! l[] w+-cov]s1 & fea!rs on ! rump & belly are :iti%4 ,! eyes are yell[1 & ! bridles & b>e eye-r+s fle%-r$2 ! beak is black1 & ! foot light r$4 ,?is species is ?irty-two in*es1 ! w+ measures n9ete51 & ! tail eight in*es4 ,! ,*aunas are peculi> to ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :]e !y frequ5t m>%es1 or occasionally riv]-banks1 ei!r 9 pairs or small p>ties4 ,_! mann]s are %y1 & :5 n di/urb$ _! gait is /ately & sl[4 ,9 ! air _! movem5ts are easy & swift1 b !y are unable to run )\t ! assi/ance ( _! w+s2 :5 ab\t to re/1 !y resort to ! bran*es ( high trees4 ,accord+ to ,gray1 ^! birds are kept by ! natives ) _! p\ltry1 go+ ) !m to fe$ ab\t ! neighb\rhood dur+ ! day1 & prov+ v useful 9 def5d+ ! f[ls1 by ! aid ( _! spurs1 f ! attacks ( ! num]\s fea!r$ tyrants ) :i* ! c\ntry is infe/$4 ,m>%y or inundat$ localities are ! situations !y pr9cipally frequ5t1 z _! food consi/s entirely ( ! leaves ( aquatic plants1 grapes1 & se$s4 ,! spaci\s ne/ is made ( small bran*es1 & is usually plac$ 9 a bu% surr\nd$ by wat]1 or among re$s & ru%es4 ,! eggs are two 9 numb]1 & h a r\gh :ite %ell4 ,accord+ to ,gray1 if ! liv+ bird be h&l$1 a peculi> crackl+ is felt1 :i* is caus$ by ! quantity ( air lodg$ betwe5 ! sk9 & ! muscles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,rails 7,ralli7 are *>act]is$ by _! high body1 :i* is mu* compress$ at its sides1 _! mod]ately long neck & small head4 ,! bill is v>i\sly =m$1 compress$ at ! sides1 & seldom long] ?an ! head4 ,9 ! high1 long-to$ foot1 ! h9d toe is well develop$1 ! w+ is r\nd$1 & does n ext5d s f> z ! extremity ( ! r\nd$ tail1 :i* is =m$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! plumage is compact & ?ick4 ,! memb]s ( ?is family inhabit almo/ e portion ( ! globe1 & exhibit _m modifications ( =m1 accord+ to ! situation !y are creat$ to occupy4 ,ow+ to ! sl5d] %ape ( _! bodies1 !y are able to ?read _! way ?r\gh b$s ( ! ?icke/ /ems ( re$s1 bulru%es1 & o!r aquatic plants1 among :i* !y seek %elt]2 or1 l ! ,l& ,rail1 p5etrate ! tall grass ( ! mead[1 & t s rapidly & noiselessly t !y elude pursuit ) ! greate/ ease1 & seldom c be =c$ to take w+4 ,all ! v>i\s species are able to pass ov] ! surface ( s(t ooze1 or ! flat leaves ( plants t float ?ickly on ! wat] ( _! fav\rite haunts2 _m ( !m c also swim ) mu* facility4 ,! ,rails are social 9 _! habits1 & frequ5tly assemble 9 small flocks1 :i* rema9 toge!r until ! migratory season4 ,insects1 l>v1 worms1 eggs1 & ev5 "y ne/l+s1 frequ5tly fall a prey to !m2 b se$s ( v>i\s k9ds & portions ( plants =m _! pr9cipal f>e4 ,! ne/1 :i* is v c>efully con/ruct$1 is usually plac$ among re$s1 grass1 or ru%es2 ! light-col\r$ eggs are d>kly spott$1 & f ?ree to twelve 9 numb]4 ,bo? p>5ts brood1 & !y re> two families dur+ ! summ]4 ,! fle% ( ^! birds is excell5t1 b x is difficult to %oot !m )\t ! aid ( a dog4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,snipe ,,rails 7,rhyn*a7 are recognisable by ! peculi> =m ( _! bill1 :i* is long] ?an ! head1 /raight at ! base1 compress$ at its sides1 & incl9es & curves d[nw>ds at ! tip ( bo? m&ibles1 :i* are ( equal l5g?4 ,! mod]ate-siz$ foot is furni%$ ) %ort unconnect$ toes1 & has ! h9d toe plac$ high] ?an ! re/2 ! broad w+ is slightly r\nd$1 ! ?ird quill be+ long] ?an ! re/2 & ! tail is compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! plumage is v beautifully v>iegat$1 ! dress ( ! male be+ usually ( quiet] t9ts ?an 8 mate2 & = ?is reason sup]ficial obs]v]s h (t5 be5 mi/ak5 z to ! sex ( ! latt]4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,rail1 ,,or ,,pa9t$ ,,cape ,,snipe4 ,! ,,gold5 ,,rail1 or ,,pa9t$ ,,cape ,,snipe 7,rhyn*a ,cap5sis71 is ( a blacki% grey on ! upp] "p ( ! body2 ! eyebr[s1 a /ripe on ! head1 & ano!r on ! %\ld]1 are yell[i%2 ! upp] w+ is br[n1 m>k$ ) black2 ! l[] ?roat & upp] brea/ are deep blacki% grey & :ite2 ! re/ ( ! "u side is :ite2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are adorn$ ) gold5 eyes & black spots4 ,9 ! female ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are d>k br[n1 irregul>ly /rip$ ) gre5i% black4 ,! br[n head has a gre5 gloss1 ! eyebr[s are yell[i% :ite1 a l9e ov] ! head is yell[i%1 ! neck r$di% br[n1 & ! upp] brea/ blacki% br[n2 ! "u side & a l9e on ! %\ld] are :ite1 ! quills & tail-fea!rs gre5 & black1 enliv5$ by gold5 eyes1 & ! fea!rs ( ! w+-cov]s gre51 /rip$ ) black2 ! eye is br[n1 ! beak d>k gre5 at ! base1 & tipp$ ) br[ni% r$2 ! foot is light gre54 ,! male is n9e in*es long & sixte5 & a qu>t] broad2 ! w+ measures five in*es & "o-six?1 & ! tail two in*es2 :ile ! female is t5 in*es long & eighte5 broad4 ,! ,pa9t$ ,snipes are disp]s$ ov] a l>ge portion ( ,africa4 ,!y keep toge!r 9 small p>ties1 & lead a quiet & retir$ life1 b5ea? ! %elt]+ leaves ( aquatic plants t ov]spread ! morasses & riv]-banks1 :i* are _! fav\rite haunts4 ,we are almo/ entirely )\t p>ticul>s respect+ ^! birds1 except t !y run well & swiftly1 & flutt] r ?an fly1 :5 compell$ to rise into ! air4 ,ne> ! ,cape !y are kn[n by ! "n ( ,keuvitts1 z t ^w is suppos$ to resemble _! cry1 :i* is con/antly he>d dur+ ev5+4 ,we obta9$ two eggs f ! ov>y ( "o ( ^! ,snipes1 %ot 9 ! mon? ( ,may2 9 =m & col\r ^! resembl$ ! eggs ( ! ,gall9ago4 ,,! ,,wat] ,,rail4 ,! ,,wat] ,,rail 7,rallus aquaticus7 repres5ts a gr\p hav+ ! bill r long] ?an ! head1 /raight or slightly curv$1 & compress$ at its sides2 ! feet are mod]ately l>ge1 ! w+s %ort1 blunt1 ar*$1 & =m$ ( s(t quills1 ( :i* ! ?ird & f\r? are ! longe/2 & a v %ort1 n>r[ tail1 compos$ ( twelve weak1 curv$1 & po9t$ fea!rs4 ,! ?ick compact plumage is ( a gold5 yell[1 spott$ ) black on ! back2 ! l[] "p ( ! body & sides ( ! head are bluei% grey1 /rip$ ) black & :ite on ! ?ighs4 ,! belly & rump are br[ni% yell[1 ! quills pale br[ni% black1 edg$ ) gre5i% br[n1 & tail-fea!rs black bord]$ ) olive-br[n4 ,! eye is dull r$1 ! beak br[ni% grey at ! culm51 & bright r$ at its m>g9s & l[] m&ible1 ! foot is br[ni% gre54 ,! female is small] ?an h] mate1 b resembles him 9 col\r4 ,! "y are r$di% grey on ! "u side1 spott$ ) v>i\s %ades ( black4 ,?is species is elev5 in*es long & fifte5 broad2 ! w+ measures f\r in*es & a half1 & ! tail two in*es & "o-six?4 ,! ,wat] ,rail is a native ( ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,europe1 & ,c5tral ,asia1 z f> ea/ z ! riv] ,amoor2 & is also met ) 9 ,s\!rn ,europe & ,nor!rn ,africa dur+ ! c\rse ( its w&]+s4 ,9 ,engl& x is p]man5tly resid5t1 & is to be f\nd if s\ght = at all seasons ( ! ye>1 b ow+ to its %y & s$5t>y habits1 & ! peculi> situations x frequ5ts1 is n v frequ5tly se54 ,m>%es1 pools1 or wat]-c\rses are ! fav\rite haunts ( ?is bird2 su* z are cov]$ & edg$ ) re$s1 d5se grass1 or aquatic plants be+ pref]r$1 z 9 ^! x f9ds a con/ant %elt] & refuge1 ! n>r[ =m ( its head & body enabl+ x to pass ?r\gh ! close/ masses ) great facility4 ,to ?is fact x is indebt$ = its pr9cipal means ( security1 z :5 driv5 into ! air x flies awkw>dly & sl[ly1 ) ! legs hang+ d[n4 ,few dogs ev5 succe$ 9 =c+ x into view be=e x has ga9$ its retreat1 :i* is (t5 a rat-hole1 or a tangl$ mass ( tree-roots4 ,:5 di/urb$1 x occasionally runs along ! surface ( ! wat]1 support$ by ! float+ leaves1 = :i* purpose its broad1 spread+ feet are well adapt$2 x c also dive ) mu* facility4 ,worms1 slugs1 aquatic insects1 toge!r ) ! leaves & se$s ( aquatic plants1 are its pr9cipal food1 & = ^! x *iefly seeks dur+ ! twilight h\rs4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,wat] ,rail is compos$ ( s$ges & co>se grass loosely heap$ toge!r1 & is made on ! gr\nd1 among/ re$s & ru%es1 b5ea? bu%es1 & occasionally 9 %ort h]bage4 ,! eggs1 f six to t5 9 numb]1 v>y some:at 9 col\r1 b are usually br[ni% :ite1 or gre5i%1 spott$ ) violet1 grey1 & br[n4 ,! "y look l little1 r\nd1 puffy balls ( d[n :5 fir/ hat*$1 & at once roll into ! wat]1 :]e !y swim ab\t ) z mu* delight & enjoym5t z if !y _h be5 accu/om$ to ! ex]cise = ye>s4 ,:5 dome/icat$1 ! ,rallus aquaticus (t5 exhibits ! utmo/ affection & docility4 ,9 an in/ance t came "u our notice1 "o ( ^! birds n only ran freely ab\t ! h\se1 foll[+ & obey+ its ma/]1 b slept at night 9 8 b$1 b5ea? ! cov]let4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,rail1 ,,or ,,pa9t$ ,,cape ,,snipe 7,rhyn*a ,cap5sis74 ,,"o-,,?ird ,,natural ,,size4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,aramides 7,aramides7 are sl5d]ly-=m$ birds1 ) /rong bills1 :i* are long] ?an ! head1 compress$ at ! sides1 & slightly ar*$ at ! culm52 ! legs are long1 ! t>si ?91 ! mod]ate-siz$ toes q unconnect$1 & ! claws long1 %>p1 & curv$4 ,! m$ium-siz$ w+ has ! ?ird & f\r? quills long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is mod]ate1 & ! plumage ( uni=m hue4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p occupy ! m>%y gr\nds ( ,c5tral ,brazil1 :]e !y seem to be g5]al fav\rites among ! c\ntry p1 sometimes ev9c+ a rem>kable susceptibility ( dome/ication4 ,,! ,,s]rakura4 ,! ,,s]rakura 7,aramides gigas7 is ab\t eighte5 in*es long2 ! w+ measures t5 & ! tail ?ree in*es4 ,^u ! head1 upp] neck1 & legs1 ! plumage is slate-grey1 & r$di% br[n on ! nape2 ! back & w+-cov]s are olive-gre51 & ! l[] belly & rump black2 ! quills1 l[] brea/1 & sides ( belly are bright ru/-r$2 & ! tail-fea!rs ( blacki% hue4 ,! eye is bright r$1 ! bill yell[i% gre5 tipp$ ) grey1 & ! foot fle%-p9k4 ,^! birds frequ5t ! m>%-l&s or moi/ gr\nds 9 ! int]ior ( ,brazil1 9 se>* ( ! se$s & insects ^u :i* !y subsi/4 ,?r\gh\t ! morn+ & ev5+ h\rs1 _! peculi> resonant cry is con/antly he>d1 b ow+ to _! %yness & ! dext]ity ) :i* !y conceal !mselves1 !y are b r>ely se54 ,! ne/ is plac$ among/ re$s or long grass4 ,! eggs h a pale r$di% yell[ %ell1 slightly spott$ ) br[n4 ,:5 tak5 "y1 ^! birds are readily dome/icat$4 ,az>a tells u t he saw a tame ,s]rakura runn+ ab\t a p\ltry-y>d 9 ,p>aguay1 & n only boldly def5d+ itself f1 b attack+ ! f[ls1 ) ^: mo/ vuln]able p>ts x 0 evid5tly well acqua9t$4 ,?is bird %[$ a great fondness = eggs1 & no soon] 0 "o laid1 ?an x 0 seiz$ ^u1 c>ri$ (f1 & dev\r$2 nor did its audacity end "h1 = if ! unlucky h5s 7 long] 9 lay+ ! next ?an suit$ its impati5t temp]1 x fell ^u !m & peck$ !m s vici\sly t !y 7 oblig$ to quit ! ne/4 ,^! depr$ations 7 n conf9$ to its ma/]'s premises2 e y>d 9 ! neighb\rhood 0 regul>ly visit$ & plund]$1 until at la/ compla9ts became s num]\s & urg5t1 t ?is tr\blesome b mo/ int]e/+ little ?ief _h to be kill$4 ,,! ,,l& ,,rail1 ,,or ,,corn ,,crake4 ,! ,,l& ,,rail1 or ,,corn ,,crake 7,crex prat5sis71 is recognisable by its high body1 ) mu* compress$ sides1 its mod]ately-long neck1 & l>ge head2 & its %ort1 /rong1 compress$ beak1 ) high culm52 ! leg is ( m$ium l5g?1 & p>tially fea!r$2 ! w+ is w$ge-%ap$1 its second quill be+ long] ?an ! re/2 & ! %ort weak tail is almo/ entirely conceal$ "u ! cov]s4 ,! smoo? b n v ?ick plumage is ( a blacki% br[n above1 spott$ ) yell[i% grey2 ! ?roat & =e p>ts ( ! neck are a%-grey1 ) br[ni% grey sides1 spott$ ) br[ni% r$2 ! w+s are br[ni% r$1 spott$ ) yell[i% :ite4 ,! eye is light br[n1 ! beak br[ni% grey1 & ! foot lead-grey4 ,! female is n s brightly col\r$4 ,?is species is elev5 in*es long & eighte5 broad2 ! w+ measures five in*es & a half1 & ! tail two in*es4 ,! ,l& ,rail is f\nd ?r\gh\t a great "p ( ,c5tral ,asia & ! :ole ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 & visits n only ! s\!rn portions ( ! latt] cont95t dur+ ! c\rse ( its p]egr9ations1 b p5etrates z f> z ,c5tral ,africa4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,isles x is a summ] resid5t1 & appe>s 9 ! s\!rn c\nties ab\t ,april1 g5]ally dep>t+ ab\t ,octob]4 ,m>%y mead[s1 fields ( gre5 corn1 & b$s ( re$s & ru%es are its fav\rite resorts1 & 9 ^! its peculi> creak+ note is con/antly to be he>d4 ,?is call1 accord+ to ,y>rell1 may be exactly imitat$ by pass+ ! edge ( ! ?umb-nail1 or a piece ( wood1 briskly along ! l9e ( ! po9ts ( ! tee? ( a small comb1 & s simil> is ! s\nd1 t ! bird may be decoy$ by x )9 a v %ort di/ance4 ,! male is ! call]1 & he cont9ues to utt] 8 discordant cry until a mate be f\nd & incubation comm5c$1 aft] :i* he is less frequ5tly he>d4 ,9 its g5]al habits ?is species resembles ! memb]s ( its family already describ$1 & exhibits n only a simil> dext]ity 9 avoid+ pursuit or obs]vation1 b1 :5 al>m$1 is cunn+ en\gh1 we are told1 to simulate dea?4 ,mr4 ,jesse relates ! foll[+ int]e/+ anecdote 9 corroboration ( ?is fact3--,a g5tleman _h a ,corn ,crake br\ght to him by 8 dog1 to all appe>ance lifeless4 ,z x lay on ! gr\nd he turn$ x ov] ) 8 foot1 & felt conv9c$ t x 0 dead4 ,/&+ by1 h[ev]1 9 sil5ce1 he sudd5ly saw x op5 an eye2 he !n took x up1 its head fell1 its legs hung loose1 & x aga9 appe>$ q dead4 ,he !n put x 9 8 pocket1 b be=e long he felt x all alive1 & /ruggl+ to escape4 ,he !n took x out1 x 0 z lifeless z be=e4 ,hav+ laid x aga9 on ! gr\nd & retir$ to "s di/ance1 ! bird 9 ab\t five m9utes w>ily rais$ its head1 look$ ar\nd1 & decamp$ at full spe$4 ,! pair+ season comm5ces almo/ z soon z ! ,corn ,crakes arrive1 & dur+ ?is p]iod ! males gu>d _! mates ) jeal\s c>e f ! approa* ( a rival1 & drive (f any intrud] ) l\d h>% cries4 ,! ne/ is built :5 ! h]bage has atta9$ a suffici5t height1 & is =m$ ( fibres1 moss1 dry blades ( grass1 & simil> mat]ials4 ,! eggs1 :i* are usually sev5 or n9e1 b occasionally z _m z twelve 9 numb]1 are l>ge & beautifully =m$1 ) a smoo?1 glossy1 yell[i%1 or gre5i% :ite %ell1 /rewn ) spots ( v>i\s %ades4 ,! female broods = ?ree weeks1 & sits ) s mu* devotion t %e w rema9 to be tak5 9 ! h& r ?an des]t h] (fspr+4 ,! "y are cov]$ ) black d[n1 & at fir/ seek %elt] b5ea? _! p>5ts' w+2 if al>m$ !y run l mice ov] ! gr\nd1 & are almo/ in/antly 9 a place ( safety4 ,! fle% ( ?is species is good = ! table4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,jacanas 7,p>r7 =m a gr\p ( rem>kable birds1 occupy+ ! w>m] p>ts ( bo? hemisph]es1 & *>act]is$ by _! sl5d] body1 long ?9 beak1 n>r[ po9t$ w+s1 %ort tail1 compos$ ( sl5d] fea!rs 79 "o species ! latt] are mu* prolong$ t[>ds ! c5tre71 & ! extraord9>y l5g? ( _! ?9 toes & claws4 ,! heavy1 beautifully-col\r$ plumage is alike 9 bo? sexes1 b ! "y diff] consid]ably 9 appe>ance f ! p>5ts4 ,mo/ memb]s ( ?is gr\p h a b>e pat* or excresc5ce on ! br[1 & a ?orn-l app5dage on ! fir/ w+-jo9t4 ,^! beautiful birds frequ5t m>%y gr\nd1 on ! bord]s ( riv]s & ponds1 & obta9 ! se$s & aquatic insects--t =m _! pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce--f among/ ! aquatic plants1 ov] ! surface ( :i* _! long feet enable !m to run ) a/oni%+ rapidity4 ,! ne/ is made among re$s1 & conta9s usually ei!r ?ree or f\r eggs4 ,! cry ( ! ,jacanas some:at resembles a laugh1 & is g5]ally utt]$ j aft] !y h alight$1 or :5 !y are ab\t to take w+4 ,if sudd5ly surpris$ !y in/antly give w>n+ to _! companions1 & imm$iately fly away1 ! :ole p>ty foll[+1 ) neck out/ret*$1 & scream+ l\dly4 ,,! ,,*ilian ,,jacana4 ,! ,,*ilian ,,jacana 7,p>ra ,jacana7 repres5ts a division ( ! above gr\p1 hav+ ! sl5d] w+ arm$ ) a spur1 & compos$ ( po9t$ fea!rs4 ,! ?ird quill is long] ?an ! re/4 ,! delicate bill is b>e at its corn]s1 & has a sk9ny app5dage at its base2 ! feet are long & ?91 & h ! claws & toes ( ne>ly equal l5g?4 ,! %ort tail1 =m$ ( t5 s(t1 slightly-po9t$ fea!rs1 is r\nd$ at its extremity4 ,9 ! adult ( ?is species ! head1 neck1 brea/1 & belly are black1 & ! back1 w+s1 & sides ( ! belly r$di% br[n4 ,! quills are yell[i% gre51 tipp$ ) black1 & ! tail d>k r$di% br[n2 ! eye is pale yell[1 ! beak r$1 tipp$ ) yell[2 ! b>e pat*es on ! br[ & corn]s ( ! bill are blood-r$1 ! feet grey1 & ! w+-spurs yell[4 ,! "y are yell[i% :ite on ! "u side2 ! cr[n ( ! head & nape are black1 & ! back olive-br[n4 ,?is species is f n9e to t5 in*es long1 ! w+ measures five in*es & "o-six?1 & ! tail two in*es4 ,a bird s well arm$ z ! ,*ilian ,jacana1 says ,mol9a1 _c want = means ( def5ce 9 case ( necessity1 & x ( c\rse fights ) great c\rage & vig\r ev]y?+ t attempts to mole/ x4 ,x is nev] se5 9 elevat$ places1 & nev] p]*es ^u trees1 b lives :olly 9 ! pla9s1 & fe$s ^u insects & worms4 ,x builds its ne/ 9 ! grass1 :]e x lays f\r col\r$ eggs1 spott$ ) black1 a little l>g] ?an ^? ( a ,p>tridge4 ,x keeps 9 pairs1 & ! male & female are almo/ always toge!r1 b x is r>ely se5 9 flocks4 ,:5 ^! birds p]ceive anyone se>*+ = _! eggs1 !y at fir/ conceal !mselves 9 ! grass1 )\t discov]+ any appreh5sion2 b z soon z !y see ! p]son approa*+ ! spot :]e ! ne/ is plac$1 !y ru% out ) fury to def5d x4 ,x is obs]v$ t ?is bird nev] makes ! lea/ noise dur+ ! day1 & t x cries at night only :5 x he>s "s "o pass+4 ,= ?is reason ! ,araucanians :5 at w> are accu/om$ to wat* ! cry ( ?is bird1 :i* s]ves !m z a s5t9el to in=m !m ( ! approa* ( an enemy4 ,!y 7 =m]ly accu/om$ 9 ,*ili to hunt ^! birds ) ! ,falcon1 b ?is mode has be5 long out ( use4 ,! ,jacana is good game1 9 no respect inf]ior to ! ,woodcock4 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,jacana4 ,! ,,*9ese ,,jacana1 or ,,wat] ,,pheasant 7,hydrophasianus ,s95sis71 diff]s f o!r ,jacanas1 inasmu* z x is )\t ! nak$ =ehead & app5dages at ! corn] ( ! m\?1 = :i* !y are s rem>kable2 ! tail1 moreov]1 has ! f\r c5tral fea!rs ( extraord9>y l5g?2 ! fir/ & second prim>y quills ( ! w+s are long] ?an ! re/2 ! beak is v sl5d]1 ! foot some:at p[]ful1 & ! toes proportionately %ort] ?an ^? ( ! spur-w+$ birds4 ,9 ! ,*9ese ,wat] ,pheasant ! =e "p ( ! head1 face1 *91 neck1 & upp] brea/ are :ite2 ! h9d] neck is yell[i% :ite1 m>k$ ) a black /ripe1 t sep>ates x f ! upp] neck4 ,! upp] p>ts ( ! body are d>k br[n1 gleam+ 9 c]ta9 lights ) purple4 ,! upp] w+-cov]s are :ite4 ,a pat* on ! head is black2 ! brea/ deep br[ni% black2 ! l[] w+-cov]s nut-br[n2 ! fir/ w+-quill black1 & ! second ( a v d>k %ade2 ! ?ird quill is black on ! out] web & at ! tip2 its o!r p>ts are :ite2 ! second>y quills are s+ul>ly m>k$2 ! tail is black1 ! eye d>k br[n1 ! beak blue at its base & gre5i% t[>ds its po9t4 ,! l5g? ( ! male is eighte5 in*es1 & ! bread? tw5ty-f\r in*es4 ,! w+ measures eight & ! tail t5 in*es4 ,! female is l>g] ?an h] mate4 ,"o measur$ by ,j]don 0 tw5ty in*es long & ?irty broad4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! plumage ( ^! birds is ( a pale greyi% br[n on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & ! small w+-cov]s are transv]sely b&$2 ! cr[n & nape are br[n1 ! regions ( ! eyebr[s :ite1 & =ehead spott$ ) :ite4 ,?is beautiful bird is n conf9$ to ,*9a1 b is to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ,india & ,ceylon :]ev] suitable localities invite its pres5ce4 ,9 disposition x is by no means %y1 & inde$ appe>s to c\rt admiration1 = if driv5 f ! float+ lotus-leaves on :i* x walks1 x gives itself b little tr\ble to escape f obs]vation4 ,at c]ta9 seasons x is said to utt] s\nds resembl+ ! mew+ ( a cat or ! :9+ ( a puppy4 ,its food consi/s ( aquatic insects1 small mollusca1 & vegetable sub/ances4 ,its ne/ is con/ruct$ ( aquatic plants1 & floats ^u ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,9 ,july or ,augu/ ! female lays f f\r to sev5 beautiful eggs1 ( a bronze-br[n or gre5i% %ade4 ,9 w9t] ^! birds associate 9 small p>ties1 b are n easily procurable1 z if "o is w\nd$ x imm$iately dives1 & :5 x aga9 comes to ! surface all[s no?+ b its bill to appe> above wat]4 ,! fle% ( ?is species is excell5t4 ,j]don tells u t 9 ,purneah ! natives say t be=e ! incubation1 i4e41 ! bre$+1 ?is ,jacana says dub1 dub 7g "u wat]71 & aft]w>ds 9 ! cold wea!r p[ai1 p[ai1 :i* 9 ,purneah dialect means next ye>4 ,among/ ! ,c+alese1 accord+ to ,la?am1 x is kn[n z ! ,cat ,teal1 f ! peculi>ity ( its cry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,wat] ,,h5s 7,gall9ul7 con/itute a num]\s & v>i$ family1 closely relat$ to ! la/-m5tion$ species1 & l>gely di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! w>m & temp]ate p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,^! birds are *>act]is$ by _! p[]ful1 compactly-built body1 mod]ately long neck1 l>ge head1 & %ort1 /rong1 deep1 ?ick beak1 ! culm5 ( :i* is /rongly ar*$2 & 9 mo/ in/ances are fur!r di/+ui%$ by a nak$ projection f ! beak1 :i* spreads ov] ! =ehead4 ,_! legs are /rong & ( mod]ate l5g?1 & _! toes ei!r v long1 or provid$ ) broad lat]al fr+es or lobes4 ,_! w+s are %ort1 ! ?ird or f\r? quill be+ usually ! longe/2 ! tail is v %ort1 & !y are m or less )\t v>iety ( t9t4 ,9 _! anatomical /ructure !y are v closely relat$ to ! ,rallid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,jacana 7,p>ra ,jacana74 ,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size4 ,all ! ,gall9ul are inhabitants ( m>%y di/ricts1 & "s ( !m might ev5 be call$ wat]-f[l4 ,!y usually pref] s$gy lakes1 l>ge swampy morasses & brooks1 or ponds & riv]s well /ock$ ) vegetation1 b are )\t exception re/rict$ to fre% wat]4 ,!y are g5]ally se5 swimm+ ab\t 9 op5 spaces4 ,!y run ) less agility ?an ! ,rails1 b f> surpass !m 9 _! p[]s ( swimm+ & div+4 ,al?\gh ^! birds are by no means social 9 disposition1 !y %[ a rem>kable atta*m5t to any locality ( :i* !y h tak5 possession1 keep+ o!rs1 ev5 ( _! own species1 at a di/ance1 & sometimes exhibit resolute c\rage 9 driv+ away intrud]s mu* l>g] & /rong] ?an !mselves4 ,!y also attack small birds ) murd]\s ranc\r1 & are v de/ructive to "y fl$gl+s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are t5d]ly atta*$ to _! own prog5y1 bo? p>5ts ex]t+ !mselves = _! def5ce & support1 & ev9c+ ! greate/ affection = ea* o!r4 ,! ne/ is always built ei!r among or 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! wat]-plants t ab\nd 9 _! fav\rite resorts4 ,! female lays f f\r to twelve smoo?-%ell$ & spott$ eggs2 ! ne/l+s :5 fir/ hat*$ are clad 9 d>k-col\r$ d[n4 ,z soon z ! "y are capable ( ex]tion1 !y & ! p>5t quit ! place ( _! bir? & w+ _! way1 9 "s in/ances f>!r s\?1 or m]ely to a m fav\rable situation1 :]e !y rema9 till aft] ! m\lt+ season4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ce4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,hydrophasianus ,,s95sis ,,*9ese ,,jacana 7ab\t ,nat4 size7 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,gall9ules 7,porphyrio71 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,european ,gall9ul1 & kn[n 9 "s c\ntries z ! ,sultan's ,*ick5s1 7 reg>d$ by ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans almo/ z objects ( religi\s wor%ip1 & 7 kept 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! temples1 z ?\gh "u ! special protection ( ! gods4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day !y are less p]secut$ ?an _m ( _! cong5]s1 probably on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( _! plumage4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p are mod]ate-siz$ b p[]fully built birds1 di/+ui%$ by _! /rong1 h>d1 ?ick1 & v deep beak1 :i* is ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 & at its base exp&s into a broad callosity1 t spreads ov] ! region ( ! =ehead4 ,! t>si are long1 & ! feet /rong1 ) l>ge1 widely-sep>at$ toes4 ,_! w+s are ( mod]ate l5g?1 ! plumage smoo?1 & rem>kable = its ri* col\r+4 ,^! birds are g5]ally to be met ) 9 swampy localities1 9 ! vic9ity ( fields ( corn1 or 9 rice-fields1 :i* z !y are almo/ con/antly "u wat]1 seem to suit !m z well z _! fav\rite m>%es4 ,z reg>ds _! food1 ! ,sultan's ,*ick5s diff] 9 no respect f ! re/ ( ! family4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season1 !y are con/antly pr[l+ ab\t ! ponds 9 se>* ( ! ne/s ( o!r birds1 :i* !y plund] 9 ! mo/ d>+ mann]4 ,_! !fts are by no means re/rict$ to attacks on small] species2 !y rifle ! l>g] ones ) utt] recklessness1 s t 9 any m>% frequ5t$ by ! ,gall9ules ! brok5 egg-%ells te/ify to _! de/ructive habits2 !y likewise (t5 lay 9 wait = ,sp>r[s aft] ! mann] ( a cat be=e a m\se-hole2 a s+le bl[ ) _! p[]ful beak at once de/roys _! victim1 :i* is spe$ily torn to pieces & eat54 ,tri/ram m5tions hav+ se5 an imprison$ bird ?us dev\r "y ,ducks4 ,,! ,,hyac9?9e ,,porphyrio4 ,! ,,hyac9?9e ,,porphyrio 7,porphyrio hyac9?9us7 has ! face & =e "p ( ! neck ( a beautiful bright blue2 ! h9d] "p ( ! head1 neck1 & belly & ?ighs are d>k indigo-blue1 z are ! brea/1 back1 w+-cov]s1 & quills1 b ^! la/ are m vivid 9 _! t9ts2 ! region ( ! v5t is :ite2 ! eye is pale r$1 surr\nd$ by a n>r[ circle ( yell[2 ! beak & its prolongation ov] ! =ehead are brilliant r$1 & ! feet yell[i% r$4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is ab\t eighte5 in*es & bread? ?irty-two in*es4 ,9 "y birds ! plumage ( ! back is greyi% blue1 & ! "u p>ts speckl$ ) :ite4 ,! ,hyac9?9e ,porphyrio occupies ! m>%y di/ricts ( ,spa9 & ,italy1 & is probably also to be f\nd 9 ,nor?-we/]n ,africa4 ,9 ,nor?-ea/]n ,africa x is repres5t$ by a ne>ly-alli$ species1 call$ by ! ,arabs ! ,dickme1 to :i* we h giv5 ! "n ( ,porphyrio *loronotus4 ,?is species is to be se5 9 numb]s1 :i* v>y ) ! season ( ! ye>1 9 ,s>d9ia1 ,sicily1 ! lake di/rict ( ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,spa91 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,albuf]a de ,val5cia1 ^u ! coa/ ( ,val5cia1 & ne> ,algi]s4 ,al?\gh usually migratory 9 _! habits1 _m ( ^! birds rema9 ?r\gh\t ! w9t] 9 ! vic9ity ( _! bre$+-places4 ,9 _! deportm5t !y rem9d u ( our own ,wat]-h5s1 b !y h a pr\d] gait1 & /ep ) great] fre$om4 ,_! toes spread out s widely t !y cov] a consid]able surface1 & ea* /ride is accompani$ ) a j]k+ movem5t ( ! tail2 !y are able1 moreov]1 half flutt]+ & half runn+1 to make _! way ov] a float+ surface ( aquatic plants4 ,!y likewise swim ) consid]able facility1 ly+ lightly ^u ! wat]1 & z !y r[ !mselves along1 con/antly b[ ) _! head1 z ?\gh keep+ "t ) ! /rokes ( _! feet4 ,:5 ^u ! w+1 ! beauty ( _! plumage is fully display$2 _! flight1 h[ev]1 is inelegant1 !y rise unwill+ly into ! air1 & flutt]+ onw>ds1 fall quickly to ! gr\nd1 always1 if possible1 among high re$s1 s$ge1 or rice1 among/ :i* !y at once hide !mselves4 ,dur+ flight1 _! long legs hang d[n beh9d1 & r5d] !m easily recognisable at a di/ance4 ,_! voice some:at resembles ! cackl+ or cluck+ ( a ,h51 rem9d+ u at ! same "t ( t ( ! ,wat]-h51 b x is ( /rong] & deep] tone4 ,l ! re/ ( ! family1 :i* x closely resembles 9 its g5]al habits1 ?is species eats ! t5d] %oots ( "y corn1 grass1 & v>i\s k9ds ( gra94 ,:5 ! bre$+ season approa*es1 ! mat$ pairs g5]ally resort to rice-fields1 & settle d[n 9 "s place ( concealm5t among ! re$s & ru%es4 ,_! ne/1 :i* floats ^u ! top ( ! wat]1 is b a rude agglom]ation ( dry grass1 rice-/raw1 re$s1 & o!r simil> mat]ials4 ,9 ?is r\ghly-con/ruct$ cradle1 ! female ab\t ! end ( ,may lays f ?ree to five eggs1 ( some:at elongat$ %ape1 ) a smoo? poli%$ %ell1 ! gr\nd col\r ( :i* is d>k silv]y grey or r$di% br[n4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ ! "y are dress$ 9 a suit ( d>k grey d[n1 _! beak1 =ehead1 & legs be+ ( a bluei% t+e4 ,!y soon le>n to swim ab\t & to dive1 b _! p>5ts cont9ue to wat* ov] !m = a consid]able p]iod ) great t5d]ness4 ,accord+ to ,j]don1 ?is species is said to de/roy l>ge numb]s ( ,wild ,ducks' eggs1 by suck+ !m2 & "o ( ^! birds has be5 se5 to seize a duckl+ 9 its huge foot1 cru% its head1 & eat out ! bra9s1 leav+ ! re/ unt\*$4 ,,! ,,purple ,,gall9ule4 ,! ,,purple ,,gall9ule 7,porphyrio *loronotus7 is indigo-blue ^u ! nape & =e-"p ( ! w+1 & bright blue on ! front ( ! neck4 ,! brea/ is indigo-blue1 gradually %ad$ to a slaty-black on ! belly4 ,! mantle is d>k gre54 ,! eye is yell[i% br[n1 ! beak blood-r$1 & ! foot brick-r$4 ,?is species is sev5te5 in*es long & ?irty broad4 ,! ,purple ,gall9ule is pr9cipally f\nd 9 ! lake di/ricts ( ,l[] ,egypt1 its pres5ce ext5d+ !nce ea/ ov] ,syria & ! region wat]$ by ! ,euphrates4 ,z f> z our obs]vations enable u to judge1 x is a bird ( passage1 & makes its appe>ance 9 ,egypt ab\t ! end ( ,april1 leav+ t c\ntry 9 ,septemb]4 ,x does n1 z f> z we c\ld le>n1 asc5d ! ,nile1 nor did we ev] see x 9 ! c\ntries ?r\gh :i* ! ,upp] ,nile passes4 ,its g5]al habits closely resemble ^? ( ! species above describ$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,wat]-,,h5s 7,/agnicola7 are recognisable by ! /ructure ( _! beak1 :i* is ( conical =m & compress$ at its sides1 its base be+ prolong$ ov] ! =ehead1 & its cutt+ edges f9ely d5ticulat$4 ,! feet are l>ge1 ) long toes1 furni%$ at ! sides ) broad1 web-l folds ( sk92 ! w+s are broad & obtuse1 ! ?ird quill be+ ! longe/2 ! tail is %ort1 & =m$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! plumage is ?ick & luxuriant4 ,^! birds are m aquatic 9 _! habits ?an ! ,rails2 !y swim ) great facility1 disport+ !mselves ^u ! surface 9 a s+ul> mann]1 & cont9ually /rik+ ! wat] ) _! tails4 ,:5 approa*$ or al>m$1 !y h rec\rse to div+1 employ+ _! w+s to assi/ _! progress "u wat]1 or take flight1 skimm+ along close to ! surface till !y rea* a place ( %elt]4 ,on ! l& !y move ) ease1 :isk+ ) ! tail at int]vals z !y walk1 & are enabl$ by ! compress$ %ape ( _! bodies to run rapidly ?r\gh cov]ts or ?ick h]bage4 ,f ! l5g? ( _! toes1 !y c also walk ov] consid]able spaces ( /ill wat]s1 support$ on ! float+ foliage ( aquatic plants4 ,! bord]s ( riv]s & lakes are _! fav\rite resorts1 especially :5 ! curr5t is sl[ & deep1 & ! /ream bord]$ ) rocks & h]bage1 z ! latt] af=ds a safe %elt] dur+ ! day4 ,! food ( ^! birds consi/s ( slugs1 worms1 & insects1 toge!r ) v>i\s k9ds ( gra9 & vegetable matt]4 ,! ne/ is a ?ick mass ( int]lac$ grasses1 ru%es1 & flags1 & is g5]ally plac$ 9 a retir$ spot among ! re$s by ! wat]-side4 ,,! ,,common ,,gall9ule1 ,,or ,,moor-,,h54 ,! ,,common ,,gall9ule1 or ,,moor-,,h5 7,/agnicola1 or ,gall9ula *loropus71 is1 not)/&+ ! pla9ness ( its attire1 a v beautiful bird4 ,! plumage ( ! back is d>k olive-br[n1 else:]e d>k slate-grey2 ! ?ighs are spott$ ) :ite1 ! region ( ! v5t is pure :ite4 ,! col\r ( ! eye is peculi>2 imm$iately r\nd ! pupil is a circle ( yell[1 to :i* succe$s a second ( gre51 :ile a ?ird ext]ior r+ is r$4 ,! beak t[>ds its base is v]milion-r$1 t[>ds its apex yell[2 ! foot gre5i% yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is twelve in*es1 its bread? tw5ty-?ree in*es2 ! l5g? ( ! w+ sev5 in*es & a half1 & ! l5g? ( ! tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! habitat ( ! ,moor-h5 ext5ds all ov] ,europe & a consid]able portion ( ,asia1 b x is seldom se5 9 ,africa4 ,9 ,europe1 ) ! exception ( ! high nor!rn latitudes1 x is ev]y:]e common4 ,9 ,engl& x is met ) at all seasons1 :il/ 9 ,g]many x is a bird ( passage1 arriv+ ab\t ! end ( ,m>*1 & dep>t+ 9 ,octob]2 "s few1 h[ev]1 rema9 all ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,^! birds g5]ally travel by night1 & probably on foot1 at lea/ "s ( !m h be5 captur$ "u circum/ances t lead to su* a supposition4 ,9 e>ly spr+ !y usually arrive 9 pairs1 9 ! vic9ity ( _! bre$+-places1 b occasionally !y come s+ly4 ,naumann1 :o wat*$ a pair ( ,moor-h5s f 8 g>d5 = sev]al consecutive ye>s1 sometimes obs]v$ t ! males & sometimes ! females appe>$ fir/2 on "o occasion ! female came alone1 & seem$ to use h] be/ endeav\rs to get a p>tn] to jo9 h]1 b 9 va91 until at l5g?1 aft] a =tnight's soj\rn1 %e disappe>$4 ,on ano!r occasion ! male arriv$ by himself1 & seem$ by no means to consid] 8 solit>y condition z "o ( s+le bless$ness2 day & night he reit]at$ 8 call-note1 almo/ )\t int]mission1 & sometimes 9 su* a pitiable tone t x 0 almo/ di/ress+ to he> him1 until at l5g?1 on ! fif? ev5+1 8 anxi\sly look$-= mate arriv$1 & put an end to 8 love-lorn susp5se4 ,:5 a pair has once tak5 possession ( a suitable pond !y are sil5t1 b if a female is fir/ ^u ! spot1 %e seems to invite any pass+ male to jo9 h]4 ,! individual s invit$ frequ5tly flies ar\nd h] 9 wide circles1 z ?\gh be?9k+ himself :at he %\ld d2 g5]ally1 h[ev]1 he is cont5t to pursue 8 j\rney alone1 z is made manife/ by ! r5ew$ solicitations ( ! female4 ,sl[ wat]s1 ! m>g9s ( :i* are ?ickly cov]$ ) s$ge & co>se grasses1 or at lea/ ) re$s & bru%wood1 & p>tially ov]gr[n ) float+ h]bage1 af=d ! requisite conditions = _! resid5ce4 ,ea* family ( ,moor-h5s seems to pref] hav+ a :ole pond to itself1 & x is only on ext5sive pieces ( wat] t sev]al pairs are to be met )1 & ev5 9 ?is case ea* pair /rives jeal\sly to keep possession ( its own t]ritory4 ,!re is some?+ p>ticul>ly pleas+ 9 ! appe>ance ( ^! graceful & well-proportion$ birds :5 undi/urb$ 9 _! quiet pools4 ,z !y move1 ! po9ts ( _! w+s cross ea* o!r1 & _! tail1 held p]p5dicul>ly upw>ds1 is con/antly kept mov+ 9 little j]ks1 _! neck be+ b5t into ! %ape ( ! lett] ,s1 & _! body lay+ horizontally on ! wat]4 ,occasionally !y come on dry l& to obta9 a little repose1 ei!r on a tuft ( we$s1 or on ! b\gh ( a tree1 or sometimes on a piece ( float+ wood4 ,"h !y employ !mselves 9 pre5+ & oil+ _! fea!rs1 prep>atory to tak+ ano!r swim1 or to ensconc+ !mselves among ! ru%es & ?ick grass4 ,_! n>r[ & app>5tly compress$ bodies enable !m to make _! way ) facility ov] we$s & leaves float+ ^u ! top ( ! wat]4 ,^u firm gr\nd !y move lightly & gracefully1 ) long & measur$ /eps1 & %\ld !y be sudd5ly surpris$1 !y w rise & fly to _! pond1 ) a flight some:at resembl+ t ( a ,b>n-door ,f[l4 ,:5 on ! wat] _! p[] ( div+ is extraord9>y2 at ! slighte/ appe>ance ( dang] !y vani% l lightn+1 & hav+ plung$ b5ea? ! surface1 use bo? w+s & feet to r[ !mselves along4 ,%\ld !y "u ^! circum/ances be =c$ to come up aga9 to brea!1 only ! beak is protrud$1 & t "u ! protect+ %elt] ( a tuft ( h]bage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hyac9?9e ,,porphyrio 7,porphyrio hyac9?9us74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,home ,,( ,,! ,,moor-,,h5s 7,gall9ula *loropus74 ,! ne/ is usually plac$ among re$s on ! gr\nd1 sometimes on ! bank at ! edge ( ! pool1 occasionally among roots ( trees1 or long grass1 or on bran*es ov]hang+ ! riv]1 :5 !re is dang] ( ! wat] ris+ & ov]:elm+ ! ne/4 ,?is in/9ctive =e?\ght is1 h[ev]1 equall$1 if n surpass$ by ! ready +5uity ( ^! birds :5 su* a dang] unexpect$ly arises1 z ! foll[+ acc\nt by ,mr4 ,selby w %[3 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! summ] ( #ahce1 a pair ( ,moor-h5s built _! ne/ by ! m>g9 ( ! ornam5tal pond by ,bell's ,hill1 a piece ( wat] ( consid]able ext5t1 & ord9>ily f$ by a spr+ f ! height above1 b into :i* ! cont5ts ( ano!r l>ge pond c be occasionally admitt$4 ,?is 0 done :ile ! female 0 sitt+2 & z ! ne/ _h be5 built :5 ! wat]-level /ood l[1 ! sudd5 influx ( ?is l>ge body ( wat] f ! second pond caus$ a rise ( sev]al in*es1 s z to ?reat5 ! spe$y de/ruction ( ! eggs4 ,?is ! birds seem to h be5 aw>e (1 & imm$iately took precaution aga9/ s imm95t a dang]2 = :5 ! g>d5]1 see+ ! sudd5 rise ( ! wat]1 w5t to look aft] ! ne/1 expect+ to f9d x cov]$1 & ! eggs de/roy$1 or at lea/ =sak5 by ! h51 he obs]v$1 :ile at a di/ance1 bo? birds busily engag$ ab\t ! br9k1 :]e ! ne/ 0 plac$1 & :5 ne> en\gh he cle>ly p]ceiv$ t !y 7 add+1 ) all possible dispat* fre% mat]ials to raise ! fabric beyond ! level ( ! increas$ cont5ts ( ! pond1 & t ! eggs _h by "s means be5 remov$ f ! ne/ by ! birds1 & 7 !n deposit$ ^u ! grass1 ab\t a foot or m f ! m>g9 ( ! wat]4 ,he wat*$ !m = "s "t1 & saw ! ne/ rapidly increase 9 height1 b ,i regret to add t he did n rema9 long en\gh1 fe>+ he might create al>m1 to witness ! int]e/+ act ( replac+ ! eggs1 :i* mu/ h tak5 place %ortly aft]w>ds1 = ^u 8 return 9 less ?an an h\r1 he f\nd ! h5 quietly sitt+ ^u !m 9 ! newly-rais$ ne/4 ,9 a few days aft]w>ds ! "y 7 hat*$1 &1 z usual1 soon quitt$ ! ne/ & took to ! wat] ) _! p>5ts4 ,! ne/1 cont9ues ,mr4 ,selby1 0 %[n to me soon aft]w>ds1 & ,i c\ld !n pla9ly disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! new & ! old] "p ( ! fabric4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ,moor-h5's ne/ is a s]i\s op]ation1 9 :i* bo? p>5ts assi/4 ,! mat]ials made use ( are leaves ( v>i\s k9ds1 bo? dry & fre%2 ^! are pil$ ^u ea* o!r1 sometimes app>5tly 9 a v slov5ly mann]1 b at o!rs ) m c>e1 s t :5 complet$ ! /ructure looks l a co>sely-made basket ( leaves1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is a bas9-%ap$ depression1 :]e9 ! eggs1 f sev5 to elev5 9 numb]1 are deposit$ 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t a =tnight4 ,! eggs are ( mod]ate size1 ! %ells h>d1 f9e-gra9$1 & smoo?1 b dull-look+4 ,_! col\r is pale ru/y yell[1 spott$ ) violet-grey & a%-grey1 & bespr9kl$ ) c9namon & r$di% br[n specks4 ,bo? sexes take a %>e 9 ! incubation ( ! eggs1 :i* are hat*$ aft] ! lapse ( tw5ty or tw5ty-"o days4 ,! "y rema9 9 ! ne/ ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] _! escape f ! egg1 at ! end ( :i* "t !y are introduc$ by _! "m to _! new elem5t1 ! wat]1 to :i* !y are he>tily welcom$ by _! male p>5t4 ,! family n[ beg9s to be a v int]e/+ spectacle2 ! "y brood swims ab\t1 closely foll[+ ! movem5ts ( ! old birds1 all ( !m eag]ly wat*+ = worms or insects t _! affectionate cat]]s pick up = !m2 & z soon z !y see "o caught1 all simultane\sly ru% =w>d to obta9 ! covet$ morsel4 ,aft] a few days1 h[ev]1 !y le>n h[ to obta9 _! own food1 al?\gh !y are /ill c>efully wat*$ & protect$ f dang]4 ,at ! slighte/ w>n+ !y vani%2 inde$1 x is wond]ful to see ! cel]ity ( _! movem5ts4 ,9 ab\t a =tnight !y are able to %ift = !mselves1 & _! eld]s beg9 to make prep>ations = re>+ a second brood1 :i*1 aft] ! lapse ( a few weeks1 make _! appe>ance ^u ! wat]1 & ! sc5e we h j describ$ is enact$ ov] aga91 b ) additional circum/ances t make x /ill m int]e/+4 ,by ! "t ! second family %[ !mselves1 ^? ( ! fir/ brood are half gr[n up1 & might be suppos$ to tr\ble !mselves v little ab\t ! additional memb]s ( _! family2 su*1 h[ev]1 is by no means ! case2 small & great1 old & "y1 seem to meet ea* o!r 9 ! mo/ affectionate mann]4 ,! half-gr[n birds at once beg9 to %>e ) _! p>5ts ! lab\r ( provid+ = _! new bro!rs & si/]s1 to :om !y br+ food 9 _! beaks1 & wat* ov] !m ) ! greate/ assiduity1 j z _! p>5ts _h done to !m a few weeks previ\sly4 ,z ! numb] ( ! second brood is usually small] ?an t ( ! fir/1 & ! p>5t birds are n a bit less assidu\s 9 help+ _! y\ng] ?an !y 7 9 provid+ = _! eld] *ildr51 ! latt] gr[ rapidly2 !y g5]ally swim 9 ! middle ( ! little flock1 & are f$ & c>$ = by all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,coots 7,fulica7 are di/+ui%$ f ! above birds by ! /ructure ( _! feet1 ! ,wat]-h5s hav+ ! toes bord]$ by simple folds ( ! integum5t1 :il/ 9 ! ,coots ^! membran\s folds are scallop$1 & m elaborately con/ruct$4 ,9 con=mity ) su* enl>gem5t ( _! feet1 :i* make excell5t o>s1 ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p sp5d m ( _! "t 9 wat] ?an on l&4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! day1 h[ev]1 !y frequ5tly come on %ore 9 ord] to repose & pre5 _! fea!rs4 ,^u level gr\nd !y run ) consid]able facility1 & 9 _! p[]s ( div+ might compete ) _m ( ! really web-foot$ birds4 ,if al>m$1 !y at once plunge to a v consid]able dep?1 & :5 "u wat]1 r[ !mselves along by means ( _! feet & w+s = a consid]able di/ance be=e aga9 ris+ to ! surface4 ,x is probable t dur+ ^! imm]sions !y obta9 ! great] "p ( ! l>v1 worms1 mollusca1 & vegetable matt] on :i* !y pr9cipally subsi/4 ,al?\gh ! flight ( ! ,coots is some:at sup]ior to t ( ! ,common ,gall9ules1 !y b seldom take w+1 & :5 ab\t to d s are compell$ to run be=e ris+ into ! air1 9 ord] to obta9 suffici5t impetus4 ,%\ld !y endeav\r to take flight f ! wat]1 !y are oblig$ to flutt] along = "s di/ance1 /rik+ ! surface ) ! soles ( _! feet1 & spla%+ along 9 su* a noisy mann] t !y may be he>d at a consid]able di/ance4 ,no soon] h a pair ( ,coots select$ a pond = _! resid5ce ?an !y imm$iately set ab\t ! important "w ( build+ _! ne/4 ,on l>ge %eets ( wat]1 on :i* sev]al c\ples may h tak5 up _! abode1 ?is bus9ess is by no means an easy task1 z _m battles mu/ be f\ght be=e ! "q ( appropriat$ t]ritory is satisfactorily settl$2 inde$1 9 localities :]e _m ( ^! birds h congregat$1 _! %riek+1 spla%+1 & fly+ ab\t seems int]m9able2 no soon] does "o pair encroa* ^u ! doma9 ( ano!r1 ?an ! invad$ male at once ha/5s to ! combat1 & furi\s enc\nt]s take place1 until ! enemy is fairly driv5 away4 ,sometimes ^! engagem5ts af=d a v int]e/+ spectacle4 ,! battle-field is g5]ally "s quiet creek1 9 :i* ! birds swim ar\nd ea* o!r1 us+ ! arms ) :i* ,nature has provid$ !m ) all _! might1 hack+ ) _! bills1 /rik+ ) _! w+s1 & kick+ ) _! feet1 until "o or o!r is compell$ to yield4 ,^! affairs settl$1 ! lab\r ( build+ is at once comm5c$4 ,! ne/s are plac$ ne> ! wat]1 ei!r amid/ or ^u aquatic plants t !re ab\nd2 sometimes !y are rais$ ^u a b$ ( re$s or simil> matt]1 or float ^u ! surface ( ! pool4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ne/ is g5]ally laid ) dry re$s & /ubble1 :ile ! upp] "p is =m$ ( f9] mat]ial & m c>efully arrang$1 ! int]ior is snugly l9$ ) s(t hay1 ru%es1 & leaves4 ,! eggs1 f sev5 to fifte5 9 numb]1 are smoo?-%ell$1 b lu/reless4 ,! female does n beg9 to sit until ! la/ egg is laid2 ! "y make _! appe>ance 9 ab\t tw5ty-"o days2 :5 fir/ hat*$ !y are beautiful little creatures1 clad 9 d>k-col\r$ d[n1 ) flam+ r$ heads4 ,!y at once betake !mselves to ! wat]1 :]e !y are c>efully f$1 t5d$1 & valor\sly def5d$ by bo? ! p>5t birds4 ,at fir/ !y seem to pref] to keep !mselves hidd5 among ! re$s1 b at night !y retire to ! ne/4 ,z !y get /rong] !y become m indep5d5t1 & ev5 be=e !y are fully fl$g$ are well able to provide = !mselves4 ,al?\gh ! fle% ( ! ,coots is sc>cely eatable1 !y are nev]!less frequ5tly kill$ = ! sake ( ! sport4 ,9 ,italy great numb]s are caught by means ( nets1 & !y are commonly sold 9 ! m>kets at a v l[ price4 ,,! ,,common ,,coot4 ,! ,,common ,,coot 7,fulica atra7 v closely resembles ! ,wat]-h5s1 except 9 ! peculi> con/ruction ( its feet4 ,its body is p[]fully fram$ & slightly compress$ at ! sides2 ! neck is ( mod]ate l5g?1 & ! head r l>ge2 ! beak is conical1 compress$ at ! sides1 & has its %>p cutt+ m>g9s slightly d5ticulat$4 ,! callosity ^u ! =ehead is l>ge2 ! foot mod]ately high1 /rong1 compress$ at ! sides1 & furni%$ ) long toes1 ea* ( :i* is fr+$ lat]ally ) a broad expansion ( ! sk9 divid$ into lobes4 ,! w+s are ( mod]ate l5g?1 ) _! second & ?ird quills long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail consi/s ( f\rte5 or sixte5 quills1 & is v %ort1 be+ almo/ entirely hidd5 by its cov]s4 ,! plumage1 :i* is ( extraord9>y ?ickness1 is almo/ entirely ( a uni=m slaty-black2 ! head & neck1 h[ev]1 are d>k]1 & ! brea/ & belly light] ?an ! re/ ( ! body4 ,! eyes are light r$1 ! beak & callosity on ! br[ pure :ite1 & ! feet lead-grey1 m]g+ t[>ds ! heel into a r$di% gre54 ,9 "y birds ! plumage on ! "u side ( ! body is light grey mix$ ) black1 & ! mantle t+$ ) an olive %ade4 ,?is species is eighte5 in*es long1 & ?irty broad2 ! w+ measures n9e1 & ! tail ?ree in*es4 ,! ,common ,coot is a native ( ,europe1 & is met ) 9 all p>ts ( t cont95t2 x has also be5 se5 dur+ ! w9t] 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 & ! int]ior ( ,africa4 ,9 ,g]many x is f\nd on e piece ( wat] adapt$ = its resid5ce1 & is abundant 9 ,engl& on all fre%-wat] lakes4 ,9 ! *oice ( a locality x seems to avoid /reams & riv]s1 z also salt wat]1 b readily takes up its abode ne> /ill deep wat]1 ! m>g9s ( :i* are fr+$ ) s$ges & tall re$s4 ,= _! w9t] qu>t]s1 ^! birds resort to ! ext5sive m>%es ( ,s\!rn ,europe1 & to ! nor!rn & c5tral p>ts ( ,africa1 return+ to _! usual haunts z soon z ! sn[ beg9s to melt1 & !re rema9+ till ! autumn2 unlike alli$ species1 !y assemble 9 l>ge flocks previ\s to comm5c+ _! migrations4 ,! food ( ! ,common ,coot consi/s ( %ell$ molluscs1 worms1 l>v1 & a v>iety ( vegetable sub/ances2 9 s\!rn climates we are told !y sometimes visit ! corn-fields 9 ord] to dev\r ! gra94 ,we are n incl9$ to "q ?is /atem5t1 z we h n only se5 !m eat corn ) avidity :5 9 a /ate ( captivity1 b appe> to pref] t diet ev5 :5 fi%es 7 (f]$ !m4 ,! ne/s ( ?is species are l>ge1 &1 ?\gh clumsily =m$1 are /rong & compact4 ,s rem>kable1 inde$1 is ! /r5g? ( ^! app>5tly c>eless /ructures1 t ,mr4 ,hewitson tells u1 ^u "o occasion :5 /&+ up to 8 knees 9 wat]1 a ne/ made ( flags & brok5 re$s af=d$ him a firm seat4 ,! eggs are ( a pale yell[i% br[n1 delicately spott$ ) d>k a%y gre51 & m>k$ ) br[n4 ,! ,coot :5 prop]ly prep>$ be=e roa/+ is tol]able eat+1 o!rwise1 x becomes imbu$ ) a fi%y flav\r ow+ to an oil :i* exudes f ! sk9 :5 cook+4 ,dur+ ! w9t] great numb]s are kill$ ^u ! coa/ :ile roo/+ on ! s&banks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,f9foots 7,podo71 a gr\p ( birds inhabit+ ,s\? ,am]ica & ,s5egal1 pres5t _m difficulties 9 _! classification1 al?\gh1 judg+ f _! /ructure g5]ally1 & m especially f ! =mation ( _! skeleton1 !y %[ ! close/ relation%ip ) ! ,coots4 ,_! toes are n exactly webb$1 b furni%$ ) broad lat]al membranes admirably adapt$ = swimm+2 _! bodies are small & sl5d]1 b /rongly built2 _! long neck curves gracefully2 _! w+s are weak & _! tail /rong & broad4 ,! beak1 :i* is ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 is ?9 & feeble1 slightly ar*$ along ! l9e ( ! culm51 b )\t any call\s prolongation on ! br[4 ,! legs are v /\t & fea!r$ to ! t>sus2 ! front toes exce$ ! t>sus 9 l5g?1 & are furni%$1 z we h said1 ) lat]al folds :i* p]=m ! (fice ( a web2 ! h9d toe is small & )\t any app5dage2 9 ! w+ ! second & ?ird quills are long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is compos$ ( eighte5 fea!rs1 :i* are slightly r\nd$ at _! extremities4 ,,! ,,sur9am ,,f9foot1 ,,or ,,picap>e4 ,! ,,sur9am ,,f9foot1 or ,,picap>e 7,heliornis ,sur9am5sis71 has ! head & upp] neck black2 ! back1 w+s1 & tail are br[n2 a /ripe ov] ! eye1 ! ?roat & front ( neck are :ite2 ! brea/ & belly yell[i% :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak pale greyi% yell[ ) br[n base & black po9t2 9 old birds ! bill has a r$ %ade4 ,! feet are yell[i% r$1 ! inn] & h9d] p>ts ( ! t>sus black1 & ! toes m>k$ ) a black b& ov] e jo9t4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is twelve in*es1 bread? sixte5 in*es1 l5g? ( w+ five & a half in*es1 & tail ?ree & "o-six? in*es4 ,accord+ to obs]vations made by ! ,pr9ce von ,wi$1 ! ,picap>e is to be met ) 9 ,brazil & ,p>aguay1 its habitat ext5d+ to #be s\? latitude1 s t x may be said to occur ?r\gh\t a consid]able "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,x is by no means sc>ce ^u ! riv]s ( ,ea/ ,brazil1 b is (t5 ov]look$1 z x hides itself among/ ! luxuriant vegetation t cov]s ! %ore2 :]ev] d>kness & sil5ce fav\r its pres5ce1 x is always to be f\nd4 ,v frequ5tly x may be se5 sitt+ on a ?9 bran*1 p>tially imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 & occupi$ 9 b[+ its head 9 a mo/ peculi> mann]4 ,its food consi/s ( aquatic insects & se$s1 9 se>* ( :i* x occasionally plunges its head "u wat]4 ,its voice1 :i* is emitt$ f ! ?roat1 some:at resembles ! b>k+ ( a little dog4 ,we le>n f ! same au?ority t ! "y ( ^! birds are only two 9 numb]1 & are re>$ dur+ ! hot season4 ,at fir/ !y are ne>ly nak$1 & hide !mselves "u ! w+s ( _! p>5ts1 hold+ !mselves on by means ( _! beaks2 :5 !y h gr[n a little /rong]1 !y may be se5 sitt+ ^u _! "m's back1 & ev5 accompany+ h] 9 h] dives "u wat]4 ,if al>m$ :5 ) its "y1 ! ,picap>e at once takes w+1 & betakes itself to ! %elt] ( ! ?ick bu%es t cov] ! %ore2 if /ill fur!r press$ x hides among ru%es & re$s until ! dang] is pass$4 ,x seems only to dive :5 s]i\sly al>m$1 z = example1 :5 %ot at2 on su* occasions x w rema9 "u wat] = a consid]able space ( "t2 its p[]s ( div+1 h[ev]1 are f> inf]ior to ^? ( _m wat] birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/ilt ,,bird 7,*>adrius himantopus74 ,,! ,,swimm]s 7,natatores74 ,,b little diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s among naturali/s z to ! limits ( our la/ ord]2 inde$1 a swimm+ bird is at once recognisable by *>act]s s %>ply def9$ t !re is sc>cely room = d\bt or hesitation4 ,! gr& "* :]eby !y are all di/+ui%able is to be f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( _! feet1 ! toes ( :i* are m or less completely unit$ to ea* o!r by a broad web by :i* !y are conv]t$ into paddles1 admirably adapt$ to propel !m ?r\gh _! appropriate elem5t4 ,h5ce !y swim ) facility1 & frequ5t riv]s1 lakes1 & seas4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ,natatores move awkw>dly on l&1 z1 9 ord] to r5d] ! /rokes ( _! paddle-l feet m effective1 _! legs are plac$ m or less beh9d ! c5tre ( gravity1 s t :5 on ! gr\nd !y h1 9 a great measure1 to reta9 _! balance by muscul> ex]tion1 z may be se5 9 ! ,goose or ,swan z !y waddle clumsily ov] ! grass4 ,9 "s cases ^! birds are compell$ to assume an upright attitude1 z d ! ,auks & ,p5gu9s4 ,9 ! /ructure ( ! feet important diff]5ces are obs]vable1 g5]ally only ! ?ree front toes are connect$ toge!r by ! web1 b occasionally ! h9d toe is likewise includ$ 9 ! expansion ( ! sk91 or is provid$ ) lat]al app5dages t mat]ially enl>ge its surface4 ,! =m ( ! body 9 ! swimm+ birds is boat-l2 9 ^? t dive1 ! ribs are /rong & c>ri$ back1 s z to almo/ entirely surr\nd ! enclos$ visc]a1 & ?us def5d !m f undue pressure4 ,_! plumage is d5se1 close1 & wat]pro(1 consi/+ ( a ?ick "u g>m5t ( d[n ov]laid ) broad flat fea!rs1 :i* ?r[ (f ! wat] z if _! surface 7 oil$4 ,9 _m gr\ps ! neck is v long & ! tail v %ort1 :ile 9 o!rs ! tail compos$ ( rigid quills is employ$ z a rudd] :5 ! birds are div+4 ,"s are utt]ly incapable ( flight1 & use _! w+s 9 ! wat] z ?\gh !y 7 f9s4 ,! memb]s ( ?is ord] live almo/ exclusively ^u animal food1 only a few pref]r+ a vegetable diet4 ,all1 )\t exception1 are sociable 9 _! habits2 mo/ ( !m exce$+ly prolific1 "s species1 h[ev]1 lay b "o egg4 ,frequ5tly !y cr[d _! fav\rite bre$+-places 9 great numb]s1 & are devot$ly atta*$ to _! (fspr+2 "s w ev5 incubate eggs1 & re> "y t are n _! own4 ,,! ,,sieve ,,beaks4 ,! ,,sieve ,,beaks 7,lamelliro/res71 accord+ to our usual plan1 are plac$ at ! head ( ! ,natatorial ord]1 z 9 ^! ,,too?-,,bill$ & ,,s(t-,,bill$ ,,swimm]s1 z !y h be5 call$ by v>i\s writ]s1 ! peculi> attributes ( ,swimm+ ,birds are mo/ equally develop$1 & _! locomotive capabilities mo/ v>i$4 ,:oev] exam9es a ,duck ) att5tion1 w appreciate ! lead+ features :]eby ! ,lamelliro/res are di/+ui%$4 ,_! bill is g5]ally depress$1 broad1 & always lam9at$ at ! sides2 ! lam9ation be+ m prom95t 9 "s species ?an 9 o!rs1 b always s arrang$ z to =m a sieve-l app>atus1 by means ( :i* ^! birds obta9 _! food1 9 a mann] peculi> to !mselves4 ,?is rem>kably con/ruct$ beak1 :i* is seldom long] ?an ! head1 is usually /raight1 broad1 & flatly ar*$ above1 t]m9at+ 9 front 9 a broad nail-l app5dage1 :ile at ! sides x pres5ts a s]ies ( horny lam91 :i* int]lock ) simil> developm5ts f ! "u jaw4 ,) ! exception ( ! m>g9s1 :i* are tol]ably h>d1 ! entire beak is cov]$ ) a s(t sk91 & is l>gely suppli$ ) bran*es ( ! fif? pair ( n]ves1 s z evid5tly to be end[$ ) great s5sibility1 z is likewise ! tongue1 :i* is l>ge & fle%y except at its sides1 :i* are fr+$ & too!d ) horny ridges4 ,:5 we obs]ve ! use t ! ,duck makes ( ?is organ1 we p]ceive t1 unlike o!r birds1 x discrim9ates its food1 n by sight or smell1 b by ! s5se ( t\* resid5t 9 its tongue4 ,x plunges its beak into ! mud1 & br+s up :atev] x may happ5 to meet )1 & f ?is m\?ful ( /uff x selects1 by ! aid ( t memb] alone1 :atev] is good = food2 :ile :at is useless escapes ?r\gh ! /ra9+ app>atus at ! sides ( ! bill4 ,9 comp>ison ) ?is rem>kable /ructure ( ! beak1 ! o!r *>act]s :]eby ^! birds are di/+ui%able become ( second>y importance1 nev]!less !y also are some:at /rik+4 ,! slightly elongat$ body is /rongly built1 ! neck ei!r ( mod]ate l5g?1 or v long & sl5d]1 ! high & n>r[ head ( m$ium size4 ,! t>sus is small or mod]ate 7or1 exceptionally1 v high71 f\r-to$1 & webb$ 9 front4 ,! mod]ate-siz$ w+s are some:at po9t$2 !y consi/ occasionally ( b twelve fea!rs1 & are ei!r truncate or r\nd$1 sometimes w$ge-%ap$ or po9t$ at ! extremity4 ,! plumage is always close1 smoo?1 & well pack$ ) d[n4 ,! di/ribution ( ! v>i\s races ( ^! birds is m limit$ ?an t ( _m ,natatorial families1 & "s ( !m at c]ta9 seasons migrate regul>ly f cold] to w>m] climates1 & vice v]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,flam+o 7,phnicopt]us roseus74 ,! ,,flam+oes 7,phnicopt]i71 not)/&+ _! extraord9>y l5g? ( leg & neck1 :i* h induc$ "s au?ors to class !m ) ! ,wad+ ,birds1 are1 bo? 9 _! g5]al /ructure & mode ( life1 mo/ und\bt$ly to be reg>d$ z memb]s ( ! pres5t ord]1 & are1 z _! int]nal anatomy tea*es1 v ne>ly relat$ to ! ,swans4 ,_! body is sl5d]ly built1 neck v long1 head l>ge1 & ! w+s1 9 :i* ! second quill is ! longe/1 ( mod]ate l5g?2 ! tail1 :i* consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 is rem>kably %ort4 ,! peculi>ly con/ruct$ beak is some:at long] ?an ! head1 high] ?an broad1 b ?ick & b5t d[n t[>ds ! middle1 at an obtuse angle4 ,! upp] m&ible1 :i* is mu* small] & feebl] ?an ! l[]1 is rem>kably flat2 bo? m&ibles are provid$ at _! circumf]5ce ) ! lamellat$ sieve-l /ructure *>act]i/ic ( ! ,lamelliro/res4 ,! :ole app>atus v mu* resembles a box1 ( :i* ! l[] jaw =ms ! body1 :ile ! upp] m&ible con/itutes ! lid4 ,?is extraord9>y bill is cov]$ ) s(t sk91 b is h>d at its apex1 & t[>ds its base pres5ts a s(t c]e4 ,! legs1 :i* are mo/ disproportionately long & sl5d]1 are d5ud$ ( fea!rs = a consid]able di/ance above ! heel2 ! ?ree front toes are ( mod]ate l5g?1 & connect$ by a broad1 slightly-excavat$ web4 ,! h9d toe1 :i* is consid]ably elevat$1 is %ort & feeble4 ,! ?ick1 compact1 s(t plumage is beautifully col\r$1 & is exactly comp>able to t ( o!r ,swimm+ ,birds4 ,! int]nal /ructure ( ! ,flam+o has be5 c>efully /udi$ by ,wagn]1 & f\nd to correspond 9 e p>ticul> ) t ( ! ,ducks 7,anatid74 ,naturali/s are at pres5t acqua9t$ ) ab\t half a doz5 species belong+ to ?is gr\p1 & al?\gh ! hi/ory ( "s ( !m is f> f complete1 en\gh is kn[n to induce u to believe t 9 _! mode ( life !y diff] 9 no respect f ! species ) :i* we are be/ acqua9t$4 ,^! rem>kable birds are widely di/ribut$ ov] ! w>m] portions ( ! globe1 & are met ) pr9cipally 9 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,s\? ,europe4 ,accord+ to ! acc\nts ( bo? anci5t & mod]n writ]s1 !y make _! appe>ance e ye> 9 great numb]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ! lakes ( ,s>d9ia & ,sicily1 z also 9 ,albuf]a de ,val5cia1 & o!r p>ts ( ,spa94 ,along ! coa/s ( ,egypt1 ,tripoli1 ,tunis1 ,algi]s1 & ,morocco1 !y are abundant1 z also 9 ,smyrna1 & ne> ! banks ( ! ,volga1 b are v r>ely met ) 9 ,greece4 ,occasionally a few /raggl]s h be5 se5 z f> nor? z ! banks ( ! ,rh9e2 g5]ally speak+1 h[ev]1 ! s\? coa/ ( ,europe mu/ be reg>d$ z _! nor!rn limit1 & ,nor? ,africa & ,c5tral ,asia z _! usual habitat4 ,^? species t inhabit ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e are likewise conf9$ )9 correspond+ limits4 ,lakes ( salt or bracki% wat] 9 ! vic9ity ( sea-coa/s are ! fav\rite resorts ( ! ,flam+oes4 ,to lakes ( fre% wat] !y are only casual visitants1 & nev] resort to !m = any l5g? ( "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are always v abundant on ! sea-coa/1 m especially :]e ! %ores are flat & swampy4 ,all are birds ( passage1 & ! migrations ( "s occur ) su* regul>ity t ! p]iod ( _! return may be pr$ict$ ) tol]able accuracy4 ,accord+ to ,cetti1 ,flam+oes appe> 9 ,s>d9ia ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/1 & dep>t !nce 9 ,m>* or ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,9 ,s\? ,italy !y are /ation>y1 rema9+ 9 ! same locality all ! ye> r\nd4 ,only ^? :o h _h ! good =tune to see ^! birds assembl$ 9 flocks1 consi/+ ( _m ?\s&s1 c =m an adequate idea ( ! beauty ( _! appe>ance4 ,look+ f ,cagli>i to ! sea1 says ,cetti1 x seem$ to be bank$ 9 ) a wall ( r$ bricks1 or to be cov]$ ) c\ntless numb]s ( roses4 ,on ne>] approa* ^! prov$ to be ,flam+oes rang$ 9 regul> ranks4 ,aurora h]self 0 nev] adorn$ ) m roseate t9ts ?an ! w+s ( ^! birds1 !y seem$ lit]ally to gl[ ) p9k & c>m9e4 ,! "n ( ! ,flam+o1 bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat91 0 d]iv$ f ! magnific5t hues ( _! glori\s w+s1 & ! ,fr5* 9 ! epi!t flammant only repeat ! same idea4 ,! fir/ impression produc$ by su* a spectacle is n easily to be =gott52 ! birds /ood 9 ranks1 n m]ely ( ?\s&s1 b lit]ally ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 rang$ 9 int]m9able array4 ,z ! sunlight play$ ^u ! dazzl+ :ite & gl[+ r$1 ! effect 0 indescribable2 at l5g?1 tak+ al>m at some?+1 ! :ole body ( !m rose into ! air1 display+ _! w+s to /ill great] advantage1 z !y =m$ !mselves into an imm5se w$ge-%ap$ phalanx1 & w+$ _! way f> up into ! blue sky4 ,:5 /&+ quietly ^u ! %ore1 ! appe>ance ( ^! birds v mu* resembles t ( an army drawn up 9 ord] ( battle2 ! ,c+alese call !m ,engli% soldi] birds1 ! ,s\? ,am]icans simply soldi]s1 & inde$ n )\t cause1 =1 z ,humboldt in=ms u1 ! inhabitants ( ,ango/ura1 soon aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( t colony1 7 "o day ?r[n into a /ate ( great al>m by ! sudd5 appe>ance ( :at !y took to be a num]\s army1 & x 0 only :5 ! suppos$ enemy took flight to ! %ores ( ! ,or9oco1 t !y discov]$ _! mi/ake4 ,a solit>y ,flam+o is v r>ely se51 nev] p]haps be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! pair+ season1 & ev5 !n x mu/ be "s "y bird t has /ray$ by accid5t f its fell[s4 ,usually !y keep toge!r 9 flocks1 & c>efully avoid any locality :]e dang] might be appreh5d$4 ,op5 wat]s are usually select$ z _! fi%+-place1 & %\ld a boat approa* !y at once take flight :il/ x is /ill f> (f1 s t x is by no means easy to obs]ve _! proce$+s1 except ) ! aid ( a telescope4 ,9 g5]al !y may be se5 ) _! legs imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 or m r>ely on ! dry %ore or on s&banks ) _! necks curv$ 9 a v peculi> mann] 7see page #aaf7 9 front ( ! brea/1 ! head be+ laid z x 7 ^u ! back1 or buri$ b5ea? ! %\ld]-fea!rs ( ! w+2 g5]ally ! :ole weight ( ! body is support$ by "o leg1 ! o!r be+ held obliquely backw>ds or drawn up close to ! body2 9 ?is /range position ! ,flam+o sleeps4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! birds obta9 _! food is equally rem>kable4 ,l all o!r sieve-beak$ birds1 ! mat]ials ^u :i* !y subsi/ are procur$ by rak+ 9 ! mud4 ,! ,flam+o :5 9 se>* ( food1 wades into ! wat] to a conv5i5t dep?1 & !n b5ds d[n its long neck until its head is ^u ! same level z its feet2 x !n plunges its beak1 ) ! upp] m&ible d[nw>ds1 into ! mud4 ,9 ?is position ! bird rakes ab\t at ! bottom ( ! wat]1 mov+ backw>ds & =w>ds ) %ort /eps1 & op5+ & %utt+ its bill :il/ its tongue is busily at "w4 ,9 ?is mann]1 by ! delicate s5se ( t\* resid5t 9 t memb]1 ! ,flam+o exam9es ! cont5ts ( its m\?1 reta9+ :at is useful z food1 & /ra9+ out ?r\gh ! sieve-l app>atus ! mud or non-nutritive mat]ials ) :i* x is accompani$4 ,mean:ile1 by ! movem5ts ( its webb$ feet1 x is cont9ually /irr+ up ! bottom1 & ?us putt+ 9 motion all ! little aquatic animals ( :i* x is 9 se>*4 ,! gait ( ! ,flam+o v mu* resembles t ( ! ,long-legg$ ,wad]s1 b is n exactly simil>1 al?\gh ! diff]5ce is n easily describ$4 ,its /eps are long]1 m regul>1 & m vacillat+1 z might be expect$ f ! extraord9>y l5g? ( its legs1 b at ! same "t its movem5ts are easy1 & diff] widely f ! acc\nts giv5 ( !m by "s writ]s1 :o tell u t :5 walk+ x is compell$ to help itself along by its beak4 ,its beak1 h[ev]1 is occasionally employ$ to assi/ x 9 its movem5ts1 z = example1 :5 hav+ b5t its legs "u its body x lies d[n ^u ! gr\nd to re/1 & is sudd5ly oblig$ to rise f ?is position1 ! bill is employ$ to assi/ 9 gett+ up1 b ?is once accompli%$ x runs away ) tol]able spe$ 9 ! mann] above describ$4 ,:5 tak+ flight f ! sea or lake 9 :i* x has be5 fe$+1 x n unfrequ5tly goes to a consid]able di/ance1 half runn+ & half fly+ ov] ! surface ( ! wat]1 mu* aft] ! mann] ( a ,duck or ,wat]-h54 ,9 deep wat] x also swims app>5tly )\t ! slighte/ ef=t1 & al?\gh its progress may be some:at sl[] ?an t ( ! ,%ort-legg$ ,swimm]s1 x is evid5tly m endur+4 ,its flight1 :5 once x has rais$ itself out ( ! wat] 9 ! mann] above describ$1 is light & tol]ably rapid1 ! quick /rokes ( its w+s produc+ a noise n unlike t :i* accompanies ! flight ( ,ducks & ,wild ,geese1 inde$1 ! s\nd made by ! ris+ ( a :ole flock has be5 comp>$ to di/ant ?und]4 ,:5 fairly on ! w+ a fly+ ,flam+o c\ld n be mi/ak5 = any o!r bird1 ev5 by ! mo/ unpractis$ novice4 ,unlike ! g5]ality ( long-neck$ birds1 x /ret*es n only its long legs1 b its neck /raight out1 ?us pres5t+ an appe>ance ( extraord9>y l5g? & sl5d]ness2 s t1 ) its n>r[ w+s exactly 9 ! c5tre1 x assumes pretty mu* ! %ape ( a cross4 ,:5 fly+ toge!r 9 consid]able numb]s1 ! flock1 z we h already said1 arrange !mselves 9 regul> phalanx1 ei!r 9 "o long l9e1 or 9 a w$ge-%ape l t ( ! lett] ,v4 ,:5 desc5d+ f a great height1 _! flight assumes a spiral direction1 b j be=e alight+ !y sweep =w>d = a little di/ance ov] ! wat] until !y f9d a suitable spot :]eon to settle4 ,! l\d h>% voice ( ^! birds some:at resembles t ( a ,goose4 ,! food ( ! ,flam+o consi/s pr9cipally ( wat]-snails1 worms1 cru/aceans & small fi%es1 b x by no means despises vegetable sub/ances1 & 9 a /ate ( captivity w eat boil$ rice1 corn1 or soak$ bread4 ,our in=mation conc]n+ ! bre$+ ( ^! birds is n v satisfactory4 ,labat _m ye>s ago gave a v /range description ( _! mode ( incubation1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly contradict$ by ,dampi]2 & lat] writ]s h cont5t$ !mselves ) copy+ ^! acc\nts )\t asc]ta9+ _! accuracy4 ,dampi] in=ms u t ! ,flam+oes build _! ne/s :]e pl5ty ( dirt is procurable4 ,?is dirt !y rake toge!r by means ( _! feet1 s z to =m a hillock1 :i* /&s l a little isl&1 a foot & a half above ! wat]1 ea* hillock be+ ( a conical %ape1 & hav+ a depression at ! top1 on :i* ! ne/ is plac$4 ,labat /ates t ! hillocks are solid1 z high z ! surface ( ! wat]1 b t above ?is po9t !y are holl[$ l a bas91 & t :5 ! birds lay or incubate _! eggs1 !y place !mselves upright1 n ^u ! hillock1 b close to x1 ) _! feet ^u ! gr\nd1 9 su* a mann]1 t lean+ aga9/ ! hillock !y cov] ! ne/ ) _! tail4 ,naumann 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms refuses to believe ei!r ( ! above acc\nts1 & f our own obs]vations on ! liv+ birds we ourselves q acquiesce 9 ! d\bts he expresses4 ,x is true we h nev] se5 a ,flam+o actually engag$ 9 incubat+2 b at ,m5sala1 9 ,egypt1 :]e we obta9$ a full-gr[n egg f ! oviduct ( a dead female1 we procur$ ! foll[+ in=mation conc]n+ ! mode ( incubation4 ,! ,flam+o makes h] ne/ 9 %all[ places 9 ! wat]1 or1 z ! ,arabs ass]t1 ^u flat insul> spots1 ov]gr[n ) l[ vegetation4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! ne/ is a conical heap ( mud scrap$ toge!r by ! feet ( ! bird1 & rais$ s high t its top is a foot & a half above ! wat]4 ,9 ! second case x consi/s ( a m]e holl[ tr\gh1 scoop$ out 9 ! soil & l9$ ) s$ge1 ru%es1 grass1 & simil> mat]ials4 ,! numb] ( eggs laid is g5]ally two1 occasionally ?ree4 ,_! %ape is elongat$1 & _! %ell smoo? & ( *alky :it5ess4 ,! bird :5 brood+ mo/ und\bt$ly sits ^u h] eggs 9 ! usual mann]1 b5d+ h] legs b5ea? h]1 & ly+ flat ^u ! ne/4 ,! duration ( incubation is /at$ to be f ?irty to ?irty-two days4 ,! "y :5 hat*$ imm$iately betake !mselves to ! wat]1 & swim f ! day ( _! bir?4 ,!y soon le>n to run1 b are n capable ( flight till a lapse ( sev]al weeks4 ,! *ase aft] ,flam+oes requires consid]able caution4 ,9 ! daytime !y are s timid t x is almo/ impossible to get )9 gun%ot ( "o ( _! num]\s assemblages1 see+ t :ile fe$+ !y inv>iably /ation "s ( ! old] memb]s ( ! flock to w>n !m ( ! approa* ( dang]4 ,! ,arabs in=m$ u1 h[ev]1 t !y may be procur$ 9 consid]able numb]s by a v simple contrivance4 ,! plan adopt$ 9 ,egypt is to susp5d ord9>y fi%+-nets betwe5 two boats1 & 9 ?is mann] to sail directly t[>ds ! sleep+-place ( ! birds2 ?us sudd5ly awak5$1 ! ,flam+oes fly aga9/ ! nets1 9 :i* !y are easily captur$1 & 9 ?is mann] fifty or sixty are sometimes tak5 at once4 ,! fi%]m5 on ! ,lake ( ,m5sala adopt a /ill /rang] plan3 aft] hav+1 by c>efully wat*+ a flock1 discov]$ :]e ! s5t9els are plac$ 7! latt] always rema9 bolt upright1 :il/ ! re/ ( ! flock sleep ) _! heads "u _! w+s71 a nak$ fi%]man1 hav+ 8 head cov]$ ) a bundle ( grass or re$s1 swims or creeps t[>ds ! unsuspect+ birds1 & sudd5ly seiz+ ! s5try1 plunges 8 head "u wat]1 & breaks 8 neck be=e an al>m c be giv54 ,! sleep]s !n become easy victims4 ,?is latt] acc\nt we %\ld c]ta9ly n h cr$it$ )\t corroborative evid5ce4 ,9 ,nor? ,egypt1 h[ev]1 doz5s ( ^! beautiful birds may be se5 expos$ = sale 9 ! m>kets1 :]e !y are eag]ly b\ght = ! table2 _! fle% is excell5t1 & q devoid ( ! oily flav\r :i* we fully expect$ w\ld h r5d]$ x unpalatable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,swans 7,cygni71 f _! pr\d looks & maje/ic demean\r1 mu/ ev] hold a conspicu\s position 9 ! ord] to :i* !y belong4 ,_! impos+ size & elegant appe>ance at once rivet att5tion1 & clos] exam9ation %[s t among/ ,lamelliro/ral birds !y =m a %>ply-def9$ gr\p1 easily di/+ui%able f ! ,ducks & ! ,geese1 ) :i* !y h be5 sometimes associat$4 ,_! body is elongat$1 _! neck v long1 & _! head mod]ate4 ,_! beak is /raight1 ( equal bread? ?r\gh\t1 r\nd$ 9 front1 & at its base nak$ & protub]ant4 ,! upp] m&ible is flatly vault$ above1 & t]m9ates ant]iorly 9 a r\ndi% nail4 ,! l5g? ( ! beak is pretty ne>ly ! same z t ( ! head2 ! legs are %ort1 & plac$ v f> back2 ! middle toe is long] ?an ! t>sus1 & ! h9d] toe1 :i* is small & feeble1 is s mu* elevat$ t 9 walk+ x does n rea* ! gr\nd2 :ile ! web connect+ ! ?ree front toes is rem>kably broad & complete4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ! w+1 ! relative proportions betwe5 ! bony framework & ! quills is des]v+ ( notice1 ! =m] be+ v long1 ! latt] some:at %ort1 :ile ! prim>y quills1 ( :i* ! second is ! longe/1 are sc>cely long] ?an ! second>ies & ! t]ti>ies4 ,! tail consi/s ( eighte5 or tw5ty graduat$ fea!rs4 ,on ! "u surface ! plumage is ?ick & fur-l2 on ! upp] side1 on ! contr>y1 ! fea!rs are broad2 b ev]y:]e1 bo? above & bel[1 ! body is ri*ly cov]$ ) d[n4 ,) ! exception ( ! equatorial regions ( our globe1 ,swans are to be met ) 9 e climate1 b !y pr9cipally ab\nd 9 temp]ate & cold latitudes4 ,9 ,asia & ,europe ?ree species are met )1 :i* occasionally ext5d _! w9t] visits z f> z ,nor? ,africa4 ,two ( ^! species are likewise met ) 9 ,am]ica1 toge!r ) sev]al o!rs t are peculi> to t cont95t2 :ile at lea/ "o o!r v conspicu\s species is an inhabitant ( ,au/ralia4 ,! ext5t ov] :i* ^! sev]al k9ds are spread is v consid]able1 & _! migrations ext5d ov] a great di/ance4 ,all ! species are migratory1 b by no means all ! individuals belong+ to ea*1 see+ t !re are _m ( !m ^: resid5ce is )9 ! limits ( ! temp]ate zone1 t rema9 all ! ye> r\nd 9 ! same locality1 or at all ev5ts1 cont5t !mselves ) w&]+ to "s place n v f> remote f _! usual resid5ce4 ,! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! migrations ( ^! birds is giv5 by ,frankl93 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb] ! ,swans leave ! ,pol> ,sea1 & resort to ! lakes & riv]s 9 & ab\t ! latitude ( ,hudson's ,bay2 !re !y rema9 till ,octob]1 prep>+ = _! dep>ture = ! w9t]1 :5 !y collect 9 flocks ( f tw5ty to ?irty1 & seiz+ a fav\rable opportunity1 ) ! w9d n oppos$ to ! direction ( _! flight1 !y m\nt high 9 ! air1 =m a prolong$ w$ge1 & ) l\d screams dep>t = m g5ial climes4 ,:ile mak+ ei!r _! semi-annual transmigration1 or on %ort] exp$itions1 an occasional scream1 equal to1 ',h[ d y all come on beh9d8' issues f ! lead]1 :i* is always repli$ to by "s po/]ior ,swan ) an ',all's well6' vocif]ation4 ,:5 ! lead] ( ! p>ty becomes fatigu$ ) 8 extra duty ( cutt+ ! air1 he falls into ! re>1 & 8 neighb\r takes 8 place4 ,:5 m\nt$1 z !y sometimes are1 sev]al ?\s& feet above ! e>?1 ) _! delicate outl9e sc>cely p]ceptible aga9/ ! cle> blue ( heav51 ?is h>% s\nd1 s(t5$ & modulat$ by di/ance1 & issu+ f ! imm5se void above1 assumes a sup]natural k9d ( tone4 ,! p]man5t habitat ( ! ,swans is always ^u l>ge lakes ( fre% wat]1 or 9 m>%y situations :]e fre% wat] is abundant4 ,dur+ _! migrations1 h[ev]1 !y take up a tempor>y resid5ce on wat] ( any k9d4 ,_! ne/s are g5]ally plac$ on riv]s or fre%-wat] lakes1 b probably ?is is only on acc\nt ( ! %all[ness ( su* situations1 z aft] ! bre$+ season "s betake !mselves to ! sea1 or :]ev] food is mo/ abundantly procurable4 ,! ,swans are only active 9 ! day1 & ev5 _! migrations are nev] c>ri$ on by night4 ,9 _! locomotive capabilities !y surpass mo/ o!r ,swimm+ ,birds4 ,_! doma9 is ! wat]1 & x is only unwill+ly t !y ev] v5ture on dry l&2 nor d !y readily take w+1 unless compell$ to d s by unavoidable necessity4 ,! v backw>d position ( _! legs r5d]s walk+ on l& difficult1 s t :5 on dry gr\nd _! gait is heavy & vacillat+4 ,_! flight app>5tly requires consid]able ef=t1 m especially :5 !y attempt to rise f ! surface ( ! wat]2 :51 h[ev]1 !y h ga9$ a c]ta9 altitude1 x is extremely rapid4 ,x w\ld appe> almo/ impossible = ^! birds to rise f ! gr\nd1 & !y nev] v5ture to alight on dry l&4 ,:5 beg9n+ _! flight f ! wat]1 !y always /ret* out _! necks horizontally to _! full l5g?1 /rik+ ! surface ) _! w+s1 & spla%+ ) _! broad-sol$ feet2 & ?us1 half fly+ & half walk+1 !y proce$ = a di/ance ( f =ty to eighty feet1 be=e !y c acquire impetus to enable !m to m\nt into ! air4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ?is is once accompli%$1 _! movem5ts are p]fectly easy & free4 ,:5 alight+ f _! flight !y glide obliquely d[nw>ds to ! wat]1 & :5 !y h ne>ly rea*$ x1 spread out _! webb$ feet to /ay _! headlong c>e]1 & mod]ate ! %ock ( _! desc5t4 ,z relates to _! vocal p[]s1 diff]5t species ( ,swans v>y consid]ably2 "s appe> to be mute1 b g5]ally speak+ _! cry may be said to h some:at ! s\nd ( a trumpet1 & mu* resembles ! voice ( ! ,cranes4 ,"s commonly1 h[ev]1 only utt] a l\d hiss+ or a l[ mutt]+ noise2 9 o!r species1 on ! contr>y1 ! voice is l\d & p[]ful1 & some:at v>i$1 s t :5 he>d f a di/ance its effect is by no means disagreeable4 ,! cry ( ! male is always l\d] & ( a deep] tone ?an t ( ! female4 ,! "y pipe1 l "y ,geese4 ,! mann]s ( ,swans are g5tle1 & r %y1 nev]!less !y exhibit a c]ta9 degree ( vanity & consci\sness ( p[]1 (t5 manife/$ 9 _! dom9e]+ behavi\r t[>ds o!r ,wat]-f[l4 ,only ^? ( ! same species associate 9 l>ge numb]s1 & !y seem p>ticul>ly jeal\s ( intrud]s4 ,! matrimonial engagem5ts ( ^! birds are kept ) exempl>y fidelity1 & la/ ?r\gh\t _! lives4 ,no soon] h !y pair$1 ?an ! happy c\ple beg9 to %[ ! t5d]e/ affection t[>ds ea* o!r1 manife/$ by innum]able graceful c>esses2 !y swim toge!r ) indefatigable con/ancy1 & %\ld dang] approa* def5d ea* o!r ) ! utmo/ c\rage & self-devotion4 ,_! c>e = _! "y prog5y is equally rem>kable4 ,al?\gh ! male does n himself actually take a %>e 9 ! duties ( incubation1 all 8 en]gies seem to be devot$ to ! protection ( 8 mate dur+ h] pati5t retirem5t1 & he may at su* times always be se51 ei!r swimm+ pr\dly & defiantly ar\nd h]1 or repos+ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! ne/1 z ?\gh to *e] h] conf9em5t by 8 pres5ce4 ,al?\gh ! lab\r ( nidification seems to devolve pr9cipally ^u ! female1 %e is eag]ly assi/$ by h] mate1 ^: employm5t seems *iefly to be ! procuration ( mat]ials1 :i* he supplies abundantly1 dragg+ !m ) 8 beak1 sometimes f a consid]able di/ance1 or pu%+ !m be=e him 9 heaps t[>ds ! select$ locality4 ,! ne/1 :5 complet$1 is a v l>ge b in>ti/ically con/ruct$ pile1 compos$ ( all sorts ( wat] plants1 confus$ly heap$ toge!r1 b surm\nt$ ) a f9] cov]+ ( s$ge grass & o!r s(t] mat]ials4 ,! place *os5 = ! situation ( ! ne/ is g5]ally "s small isl&1 & its size su* t x w\ld float ev5 ) ! weight ( its occupants ^u x4 ,9 ?is capaci\s cradle ! female ,swan lays f six to eight ?ick-%ell$ eggs1 ( a dirty :ite1 or dirty pale gre5 col\r1 f :i*1 aft] ! lapse ( five or six weeks1 ! "y brood make _! escape4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ ! ,cygnets are pretty little creatures1 w>mly clad 9 a ?ick cov]+ ( d[n2 aft] hav+ rema9$ 9 ! ne/ = a day or s1 !y v5ture out & tru/ !mselves ^u ! wat]4 ,sometimes ! "m c>ries !m ^u h] back1 sometimes takes !m b5ea? ! %elt] ( h] w+s1 & always wat*es ov] !m ) ! greate/ t5d]ness & anxiety1 until !y are able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 are !y completely fl$g$1 ?an !y f9ally sep>ate !mselves f _! p>5ts1 nev] to see !m aga92 = %\ld !y next ye> make _! appe>ance 9 ! same locality1 !y w\ld at once be driv5 away1 & treat$ z any o!r intrud]s4 ,! food ( ! ,swans is v div]sifi$1 consi/+ ( su* vegetables ( v>i\s k9ds z gr[ 9 ponds & m>%es1 roots1 leaves1 & se$s1 beetles & _! l>v1 worms1 snails1 tadpoles1 & fi%es2 any?+1 9 %ort1 t af=ds n\ri%m5t4 ,!y are n s /rictly vegetable fe$]s z ! ,geese1 nei!r are !y s c>nivor\s z ! ,ducks1 b 9 ?is respect !y seem to occupy a middle position betwe5 ! two4 ,_! food is pr9cipally obta9$ at ! bottom ( ! pond1 :i*1 ow+ to ! l5g? ( _! necks1 !y are able to rea*1 ev5 9 wat] ( consid]able dep?2 & "h !y ga!r aquatic plants1 or1 /ra9+ ! mud ?r\gh _! sieve-l jaws1 extract su* nutrim5t z x af=ds4 ,z ! ,wild ,swans1 ow+ to _! great size & /r5g?1 are well able to def5d !mselves aga9/ ord9>y assailants1 !y h few enemies to fe>1 ) ! exception ( ! l>g] ,eagles & ( ! ar*-de/roy]1 man himself1 :o wages con/ant w> aga9/ !m1 p>tly on acc\nt ( _! fle%1 :i* af=ds excell5t food1 & p>tly = _! fea!rs & d[n1 ! latt] ( :i* 9 p>ticul> is extremely valuable4 ,! *ase aft] ^! birds1 h[ev]1 requires consid]able skill & p]sev]ance1 ow+ to _! extreme wat*fulness & ! rapidity ( _! flight4 ,9 ! nor? !y are g5]ally pursu$ 9 a boat :il/ !y are swimm+ 9 ! wat]2 ! sportsman tak+ advantage ( a high w9d1 & !n /e]+ ) all sail directly t[>ds !m1 9 ?is mann] he is sometimes able to approa* !m s closely z to get !m )9 range ( 8 gun1 m especially z !y always pref] to fly "r aga9/ ! w9d4 ,9 ,alg]ia1 z ,buvry in=ms u1 !y are tak5 9 ! same mann] z ! ,flam+oes1 by wad+ t[>ds !m "u cov] ( float+ h]bage1 or !y are (t5 captur$ on ! %ores ( %elt]$ bays by means ( hooks1 & l9es ( camel's hair1 bait$ ) bread1 fle%1 or fi%4 ,:5 ! bird has swall[$ ! bait1 says ,buvry1 x mu/ p]=ce rema9 quiet until ! hunt] comes to rescue x f its unpleasant position4 ,,! ,,mute ,,swan4 ,! ,,mute ,,swan 7,cygnus olor71 ! species s frequ5tly se5 9 ?is c\ntry liv+ ^u our ornam5tal wat] 9 a /ate ( semi-dome/ication1 & sometimes describ$ by writ]s z ! ,tame ,swan 7,cygnus mansuetus7 is1 9 its wild /ate1 an inhabitant ( ,nor!rn ,europe & ,nor!rn ,asia1 m especially ( ,ea/]n ,sib]ia1 & is easily recognisable by ! call\s protub]ance at ! base ( its bill4 ,its body is elongate1 its neck extremely long & sl5d]1 & its bill1 :i* is ne>ly ( ! same l5g? z ! head1 ( a r$ col\r1 surm\nt$ at its base ) ! black knob-l protub]ance above allud$ to4 ,! plumage ( ! adult is :ite1 t ( ! "y grey1 or occasionally :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak r$1 :ile ! bridles & protub]ance at ! base ( ! beak are black2 ! feet br[ni% or pure black4 ,?is bird is sev5ty in*es long1 & "o hundr$ in*es broad2 ! l5g? ( ! w+ is tw5ty-sev5 in*es1 & ( ! tail t5 to elev5 in*es2 ! female is n q s l>ge4 ,brehm is ( op9ion t ! ,poli% ,swan 7,cygnus immutabilis7 ( ,y>rell1 is m]ely a v>iety ( ! above species1 b ! foll[+ extract f a pap]1 read by ,y>rell be=e ! ,zoological ,society1 w give our read]s t naturali/'s reasons = ma9ta9+ t ^! birds are n id5tical1 al?\gh 9 _! appe>ance1 habits1 & mode ( life1 !y closely resemble ea* o!r4 ,! ,london deal]s 9 birds1 he says1 h long be5 9 ! habit ( receiv+ f ! ,baltic a l>ge ,swan :i* !y di/+ui% by ! "n ( ! ,poli% ,swan4 ,dur+ ! sev]e wea!r ( ,janu>y1 #ahch1 sev]al flocks ( ^! ,poli% ,swans 7 se5 pursu+ a s\!rn c\rse along ! l9e ( our nor?-ea/ coa/1 f ,scotl& to ! m\? ( ! ,?ames1 & sev]al specim5s 7 obta9$4 ,! circum/ance ( ^! flocks be+ se5 )\t any obs]vable diff]5ce 9 ! specim5s obta9$1 all ( :i* 7 di/9ct f our ,mute ,swan2 ! fact also t ! ,cygnets1 z f> z we obs]v$1 7 ( a pure :ite col\r l ! p>5t birds1 & did n assume at any age ! grey col\r borne = ! great] "p ( ! fir/ two ye>s by ! "y ( ! o!r species ( ,swans2 & an anatomical di/9ction 9 ! =m ( ! cranium1 :i* 0 describ$ by ,mr4 ,pel]9 9 ! ,magaz9e ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 induce me to consid] ?is ,swan z a di/9ct species1 & 9 ref]5ce to ! un*angeable col\r ( ! plumage1 ,i propos$ = x ! "n ( ,cygnus immutabilis4 ,z additional peculi>ities ( ?is species1 ,y>rell notes t ! p>5t birds 7 rem>kable 9 hav+ ! legs1 toes1 & _! int]v5+ membranes1 ( a pale a%-grey col\r4 ,! black tub]cle at ! base ( ! beak 0 ( small size1 & !re 0 a slight diff]5ce 9 ! no/rils1 ! elongat$ op5+s ( :i* did n rea* ! black col\r at ! base ( ! beak4 ,! ,mute ,swan1 z x has errone\sly be5 call$ f ! fact ( its possess+ a s(t voice v unlike ! h>% tones ( its wild bre?r51 utt]s a some:at monoton\s & pla9tive call dur+ ! spr+1 or occasionally lat] 9 ! season :5 mov+ ab\t ) its "y4 ,col4 ,hawk]1 9 8 ,sport+ ,notes1 describes ?is ,swan's melody z consi/+ ( two notes1 ,c & ! m9or ?ird ,e flat1 add+ t ! musician he he>d kept work+ ) 8 head1 z ?\gh delight$ ) ! s\nds he 0 produc+4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e ^! birds live 9 a /ate ( semi-dome/ication1 !y are met ) at all seasons4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation !y live 9 pairs1 & jeal\sly drive away all intrud]s f ! doma9 !y h appropriat$ = ! purpose ( build+4 ,! ne/1 :i* is =m$ ( a mass ( re$s & ru%es1 is plac$ ne> ! edge ( ! riv] or pond1 or on an isl&1 & by a mo/ wond]ful in/9ct is frequ5tly rais$ to a height suffici5t to escape a ris+ ( ! wat] ev5 be=e man himself has obs]v$ any indication ( su* a dang]4 ,! eggs are six or sev5 9 numb]1 & h a dull gre5i% :ite %ell2 _! l5g? is ab\t f\r in*es by two in*es n9e l9es broad4 ,dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( incubation1 :i* la/s ab\t six weeks1 ! male is 9 con/ant att5dance to gu>d 8 sp\se1 boldly *as+ (f all intrud]s1 & occasionally tak+ 8 place ^u ! ne/4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$1 ! "y foll[ ! "m ab\t 9 ! wat]1 & are frequ5tly c>ri$ on h] back z %e sails along ! /ream4 ,speak+ ( ^! birds 9 _! wild /ate1 ,lloyd says1 ,9 fly+ !y make a /range appe>ance2 _! long necks protrude1 & resemble at a di/ance long l9es ) black po9ts2 _! heavy bodies & triangul> w+s seem+ m]e app5dages to ! prolong$ neck4 ,:5 ?us 9 motion1 _! w+s pass ?r\gh s few degrees ( a circle t1 unless se5 horizontally1 !y appe> almo/ quiesc5t1 _! movem5ts be+ widely diff]5t f ! semicircul> sweeps ( ! ,goose4 ,! ,swan1 :5 migrat+1 ) a mod]ate w9d 9 its fav\r1 & m\nt$ high 9 ! air1 travels at ! rate ( "o hundr$ miles or m an h\r4 ,i h (t5 tim$ ! flight ( ! ,goose1 & f\nd "o mile a m9ute a common rapidity1 & :5 ! two birds1 9 a *ange ( fe$+ gr\nd1 h be5 fly+ ne> ea* o!r1 ! ,swan inv>iably pass$ ) ne>ly d\ble ! velocity4 ,! ,mute ,swan 0 fir/ br\ght to ,engl& f ! isl& ( ,cyprus by ,ri*>d ,i41 & is /ill reg>d$ z a royal bird :i* no subject c claim :5 kept 9 a public riv]1 except by p]mission ( ! cr[n4 ,=m]ly1 :5 ?is p]mission 0 accord$1 a ,swan m>k 0 grant$ 9 ord] to id5tify ! prop]ty ( ! p]sons s end[$4 ,9 ! days ( ,que5 ,elizabe? x 0 ord]$ t all ,swans 9 ! ,?ames & its tribut>ies %\ld be upp$1 i4e41 tak5 up & m>k$ on ! sk9 ( ! bill on an appo9t$ day 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+'s ,swanh]d4 ,?is c]emony1 kn[n to u z ,swan hopp+1 0 p]=m$ annually1 until q rec5tly1 ^u ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,augu/4 ,! fle% ( ?is ,swan 0 =m]ly highly e/eem$1 & 0 s]v$ z "o ( ! pr9cipal di%es on /ate occasions4 ,! value ( "o ( ^! birds 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 may be e/imat$ by ! fact1 t :ile ! be/ ,capon sold = sixp5ce1 ! be/ ,h5 = f\rp5ce1 & twelve eggs = "o p5ny1 ! price ( a ,swan 0 fix$ at f\r %ill+s1 & ! p\lt]]s 7 =bidd5 by proclamation to exact a l>g] sum4 ,! late ,bi%op ( ,norwi* gave ,mr4 ,y>rell ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* "y ,swans 7 =m]ly f$ at ,norwi* = ! table3 ,! t[n cl]k1 he says1 s5t a note to ! public ,swanh]d1 & to ! memb]s ( ! ,corporation !re :o _h ,swans & ,swan rights4 ,on ! second ,monday 9 ,augu/ ! ,swans 7 collect$ 9 a small /ew or pond 7! numb] v>y+ f fifty to sev5ty74 ,!y began to fe$ imm$iately1 be+ provid$ ) z mu* b>ley z !y c\ld eat1 & 7 usually ready = kill+ 9 ,novemb]2 ^! 7 all ,cygnets4 ,if kept beyond ,novemb] !y beg9 to fall (f1 los+ bo? fle% & fat1 ! fle% also becomes d>k] 9 col\r & /rong] 9 flav\r4 ,a pr9t$ copy ( ! foll[+ l9es 0 usually s5t ) ea* bird3-- ,,to ,,roa/ ,a ,,swan4 ,take ?ree p\nds ( beef1 beat f9e 9 a mort>1 ,put x into ! ,swan1 t is :5 y've caught h]2 ,"s pepp]1 salt1 mace1 "s nutmeg1 an onion1 ,w height5 ! flav\r 9 ,g\rm&'s op9ion4 ,!n tie x up tight ) a small piece ( tape1 ,t ! gravy & o!r ?+s may n escape2 ,a meal pa/e1 r /iff1 %\ld be laid on ! brea/1 ,& "s :it$ br[n pap] %\ld cov] ! re/4 ,fifte5 m9utes at lea/1 ere ! ,swan y take d[n1 ,pull ! pa/e (f ! bird t ! brea/ may get br[n4 ,,! ,,gravy4 ,to a gravy ( beef1 /rong & good1 ,i op9e ,y'll be "r if y add half a p9t ( port w9e2 ,p\r ?is ?r\gh ! ,swan1 yes1 q ?r\gh ! belly1 ,!n s]ve ! :ole up ) "s hot currant jelly4 ,n4,b4--,! ,swan mu/ n be sk9n$4 ,,! ,,:i/l+ ,,swan4 ,! ,,:i/l+ ,,swan 7,cygnus musicus7 has a m compact body & %ort] & ?ick] neck ?an ! ,cygnus olor4 ,! beak1 :i* is )\t ! c]e1 is rais$ at its yell[ base1 & tipp$ ) black4 ,?is species is sixty in*es long1 & f n9ety to n9ety-six broad1 ! w+ measures tw5ty-f\r1 & ! tail eight in*es4 ,! ,:i/l+ ,swan is a native ( ! cold] latitudes ( bo? hemisph]es1 b has be5 kn[n to bre$ z f> s\? z ,greece4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e x is only a w9t] visitor1 x is sometimes se5 9 l>ge flocks1 %\ld ! season be sev]e1 b v r>ely occurs 9 mild w9t]s4 ,9 ! ea/]n c\ntries ( ,europe x is num]\sly met )4 ,! w9t] p]egr9ations ( ?is bird take x at c]ta9 seasons into ,egypt & ,nor!rn ,africa1 z also to ! nor?-we/]n portions ( ! ,african cont95t1 z = example ! lakes ( ,morocco1 ,alg]ia1 & ,tunis4 ,x also sometimes visits ,spa94 ,9 an ea/]ly direction x is to be met ) 9 great numb]s ?r\gh\t ! lake di/ricts ( ,c5tral ,russia1 & also ne> ! m\?s ( l>ge riv]s1 bo? 9 ,s\!rn ,russia & ,c5tral ,sib]ia4 ,( ! ,:i/l+ ,swans t bre$ 9 ,icel&1 few ev] w&] f> f _! native place1 & ?is = a v simple reason1 namely1 t ow+ to ! ,gulf /ream :i* sweeps ?r\gh its num]\s bays & creeks1 & ! _m hot spr+s d]iv$ f volcanic s\rces1 ! inl& lakes are kept free f ice1 :ile 9 ,russia ! swans are all oblig$ to take _! dep>ture be=e ! sett+ 9 ( w9t] freezes ! lakes & riv]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:i/l+ ,,swan 7,cygnus musicus74 ,,"o-,,sixte5? ,,natural ,,size4 ,9 its g5]al appe>ance ! ,:i/l+ ,swan be>s "s resemblance to ! ,mute or ,tame ,swan1 b is by no means s elegant 9 its %ape4 ,its neck has n ! same flexibility or ! same graceful b5d2 nev]!less1 ?\gh surpass$ 9 grace by ,cygnus olor1 x is a v beautiful bird4 ,! ma9 feature 9 :i* x diff]s f o!r ,swans is its l\d-ton$ & agreeable voice4 ,pallas in=ms u t its voice has a s\nd z sweet z t ( a silv] bell1 & adds1 x s+s z x flies1 & may be he>d at a great di/ance1 inde$ all t has be5 said ( ! notes ( ! dy+ ,swan is no fable1 = ) its la/ brea? ! w\nd$ ',s++ ,swan' utt]s its song4 ,! epi!t musicus1 says ,fab]1 is well be/[$ on ^! birds1 = :5 a little flock ( !m approa*es1 fly+ 9 ! air1 _! tuneful melan*oly voices s\nd l trumpets he>d at a di/ance4 ,olaf tells u1 :5 a company ( ^! birds passes ?r\gh ! air1 _! song dur+ ! long w9t] nights is truly delightful1 equal to ! notes ( a viol94 ,x is c]ta91 says ,arman1 t ! voice ( a ,s++ ,swan has a m silv]y tone ?an t ( any o!r creature4 ,:5 w\nd$1 its brea? produces ?is silv] s\nd1 s t its song is celebrat$ 9 _m a ,russian ballad4 ,oesel says1 ,_! song consi/s ( two notes1 :i* :5 utt]$ by ! :ole flock are v l\d1 & may be he>d at ! di/ance ( ?ree ,engli% miles4 ,at la/1 says ,homey]1 ,i h he>d ! voice ( ! ,s++ ,swan4 ,eight or t5 ( ^! birds 7 swimm+ ab\t a hundr$ y>ds f ! %ore1 & utt]+ _! l\d full-s\nd+ notes4 ,i _c say t any melody 0 di/+ui%able2 !re 0 fir/ a s+le1 long-drawn1 well-s\nd+ note1 foll[$ by ano!r 9 a l[] key1 s t altoge!r !y =m$ a s\nd t 0 n inh>moni\s4 ,not)/&+ ! di/ance at :i* ,i 01 ! notes 7 br\ght di/9ctly to my e> ov] ! wat]4 ,s*ill+ expresses himself /ill m pla9ly3 ,:51 ow+ to ! int5sity ( ! fro/ ! wat] ( ! sea is froz51 & ! /reams ev]y:]e conv]t$ into ice1 & ! ,swans are ?us %ut out f all ! %all[s :]e !y usually obta9 _! food1 ^! /ately birds assemble by hundr$s 9 any pat* ( wat] t may be /ill accessible1 & !re1 ) melan*oly cries1 bewail _! de/itute condition4 ,at su* times dur+ ! long w9t] ev5+s1 & ?r\gh\t ! night1 ,i h (t5 li/5$ to _! _m-voic$ lam5tations1 :i* h be5 he>d di/9ctly at a di/ance ( ?ree or f\r miles4 ,sometimes ! notes ?us he>d w\ld resemble ! s\nd ( a bell1 sometimes t ( "s w9d in/rum5t4 ,/ill x 0 n exactly l ei!r ( !m1 j z a liv+ voice _c be imitat$ by dead metal4 ,?is peculi> conc]t realis$ 9 my m9d ! tru? ( :at ,i _h he>d conc]n+ ! song ( ! ,swan1 :i* ,i _h be=e reg>d$ z a poetical fiction4 ,inde$1 9 "o s5se x might truly be call$ ! dea?-song ( ^! beautiful creatures1 =1 see+ t !y are q unable to obta9 _! food 9 deep wat]1 !y mu/ soon die ( hung]1 z !y no long] h /r5g? en\gh to fly to a w>m] climate1 & are ?us (t5 f\nd />v$ to dea? & froz5 ^u ! ice2 /ill to ! la/ we he> _! cle> melan*oly voice4 ,f ^! extracts we hope ! read] w be able to arrive at a m correct idea ( ! real "* ( ! song ( ! dy+ ,swan4 ,! poetical notions :i* h be5 ent]ta9$ ^u ! subject h1 x appe>s1 really "s f\ndation1 b ! facts h be5 s di/ort$ z to become no long] recognisable4 ,! dy+ ,swan1 we f9d1 has no?+ peculi> 9 its notes1 b its la/ cries may be z l\d & musical z any o!rs to :i* x has previ\sly giv5 utt]ance4 ,9 ,russia1 we are told1 ! ,:i/l+ ,swan is pref]r$ z an ornam5tal bird to our ,tame ,swan1 pr9cipally on acc\nt ( ! l\dness ( its voice4 ,montagu gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( "o ( ^! birds :i* 0 %ot at ,bridgewat]1 & 0 giv5 to him aft] x recov]$ f its w\nds3-- ,?is beautiful & docile creature is n[ 9 high heal?1 liv+ ) _m sorts ( ,ducks1 9 ! greate/ h>mony4 ,t[>ds ! spr+ %e becomes m clamor\s & impati5t ( conf9em5t1 b at all times w approa* ^? p]sons :o are 9 ! habit ( fe$+ h]1 & w take food f ! h&1 at ! same "t utt]+ ^? pla9tive h>moni\s notes = :i* ! species has be5 rem>kable1 & :i* are always att5d$ ) a s+ul> j]k ( ! head4 ,%e usually c>ries h] neck /raight & erect1 ei!r ^u ! wat] or :5 /ation>y ^u l&2 b 9 walk+ ! head is l[]$1 & ! neck recl9+ on ! back4 ,9 ! season ( love %e flaps along ! surface ( ! wat]1 & w\ld und\bt$ly fly if ! precaution ( annually cutt+ ! fea!rs ( "o w+ 7 omitt$4 ,h] nature is g5tle1 timid1 & sociable1 & %e w foll[ ^? ) :om %e is acqua9t$ f "o side ( ! m5ag]ie to ! o!r1 especially ! ladies ( ! family dress$ 9 :ite2 is (t5 turn$ out ( h] c\rse by a pugnaci\s male ,%ieldrake1 & acts only (f5sively :5 food is ! object1 & !n only :5 res5tm5t is n expect$4 ,%e eats b little grass on l&1 b w dev\r aquatic plants occasionally4 ,b>ley1 h[ev]1 is h] pr9cipal food1 & %e nev] attempts to t\* bread1 :i* is sometimes ?r[n to o!r birds2 nor w %e dev\r small fi%1 :i* "s ( ! ,div+ ,ducks gre$ily eat4 ,! ne/+-place ( ! ,:i/l+ ,swan is 9 ! wide swamps ( ,f9l& & ,nor? ,russia2 consid]able numb]s likewise bre$ 9 ,icel& & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 ,icel&1 ,fab] tells u1 !y may be se5 9 ,febru>y ^u ponds ( fre% wat]1 & !re !y rema9 until ! end ( ,april1 :5 mo/ ( !m resort to m elevat$ situations2 "s ( !m1 h[ev]1 rema9 9 ! valleys4 ,a small pond or lake is always select$ z a bre$+-place1 & if a pair %\ld n be able to appropriate a :ole pond1 !y take possession ( "p z _! own peculi> prop]ty1 & resolutely drive away all intrud]s4 ,! ne/1 :i* is sometimes rais$ ^u an isl&1 b (t5 floats ^u ! wat]1 is g5]ally a huge /ructure1 built ( re$s1 ru%es1 s$ge1 & wat]-plants1 & its cavity c>efully l9$ ) d[n4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,april or ! beg9n+ ( ,may 7probably mu* e>li] 9 m s\!rn latitudes7 ! female lays f five to sev5 yell[i% :ite1 gre5i%1 or br[ni% yell[ eggs1 f :i* ! "y come =? dur+ ! fir/ days ( ,july4 ,! fai?ful husb& dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( incubation keeps 8 p>tn] company1 ly+ ^u ! ne/1 b tak+ no "p 9 ! brood+4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ,octob] ! :ole family may be se5 swimm+ ab\t toge!r1 ! "y ones be+ by t "t ne>ly fully fl$g$4 ,?r\gh\t ! nor? ^! ,swans are eag]ly s\ght =1 & _m are m]cilessly de/roy$ dur+ ! m\lt+ season4 ,:5 m\lt+ _! w+-quills !y are attack$ 9 _! bre$+-ponds by means ( small boats1 & numb]s ( !m kill$ ) /icks4 ,bo? old & "y are at ?is season v fat1 & are 9 mu* reque/ = ! table4 ,,bewick',s ,,swan4 ,,bewick',s ,,swan 7,cygnus ,bewickii7 is consid]ably small] ?an ! species above describ$4 ,9 ?is bird ! neck is v sl5d]1 ! bill mu* rais$ at its base1 & ! tail compos$ ( eighte5 fea!rs2 9 o!r respects x resembles ! ,cygnus musicus4 ,! plumage is at fir/ grey1 aft]w>ds :ite1 t+$ ) ru/-r$ on ! cr[n ( ! head & "u surface ( ! body1 & ultimately becomes ( a pale :ite4 ,bewick's ,swan is an annual visitor to ,great ,brita91 & is mo/ num]\sly se5 dur+ sev]e & long-cont9u$ sn[/orms1 :5 x resorts to ! op5 sea-coa/ ( e/u>ies4 ,mr4 ,blackwall1 describ+ a flock ( ^! birds se5 9 ,lanca%ire1 says1 ,!y 7 obs]v$ fly+ at an elevation n exce$+ fifty y>ds above ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,!y flew 9 a l9e1 tak+ a nor!rly direction1 & _! l\d calls1 = !y 7 v clamor\s :5 on ! w+1 might be he>d to a consid]able di/ance4 ,"o individual ( ?is flock hav+ be5 w\nd$1 0 plac$ on a res]voir1 ne> ! place :]e x fell4 ,:5 on ! wat] x _h some:at ! appe>ance ( a ,goose1 be+ almo/ :olly devoid ( t grace & maje/y by :i* ! ,mute ,swan is s di/+ui%$4 ,x appe>$ to be a %y & timid bird1 & c\ld only be approa*$ by /ratagem1 :5 x intimat$ its appreh5sion by utt]+ its call4 ,?is bird c>efully avoid$ ! company ( a ,mute ,swan t occupi$ ! same piece ( wat]4 ,accord+ to ,y>rell1 "s o!r specim5s tak5 ne> ,belfa/ 7 v g5tle & timid1 & nev] attempt$ to mole/ ! ,wild ,f[l conta9$ 9 ! same pond1 ?\gh all 7 _! inf]iors bo? 9 size & /r5g?4 ,?is ,swan appe>s by pref]5ce to sp5d ! great] portion ( its "t on l&4 ,its voice1 :i* is *iefly he>d dur+ ! migratory season1 is a l[ deep :i/le1 once repeat$4 ,temm9ck /ates t ?is species bre$s 9 ,icel& 9 ,may1 & has be5 se5 9 ,pic>dy dur+ ! w9t]4 ,,! ,,black-,,neck$ ,,swan4 ,! ,,black-,,neck$ ,,swan 7,cygnus nigricollis7 is a beautiful bird1 inhabit+ ,s\? ,am]ica1 & recognisable f its nor!rn bre?r5 by ! %ortness ( its w+s1 :i* d n ext5d beyond ! base ( ! tail1 :i* is compos$ ( eighte5 fea!rs1 & by ! black 9 its plumage4 ,9 ?is bird ! entire body is :ite ) black head & neck1 ! =m] enliv5$ by a :ite l9e ^u ! br[4 ,! eye is br[n1 & ! beak lead-grey2 ! c]e & b>e *eek-/ripes are blood-r$1 & ! feet pale r$4 ,?is species is =ty-eight in*es long1 ! w+ measures f\rte51 & ! tail f six to sev5 in*es4 ,! habitat ( ! ,black-neck$ ,swan is limit$ to ! mo/ s\!rn portion ( ,am]ica1 ext5d+ f ,s\? ,p]u to ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 & f t po9t along ! ea/ coa/ z f> z ,santos 9 ,brazil4 ,! resid5ce ( ^! birds v>ies ) ! season ( ! ye>2 dur+ ! spr+ & autumn !y are met ) 9 small p>ties ab\t ,bu5os ,ayres on _! way to _! m nor!rn haunts1 :]e !y rema9 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 :5 !y return s\? to bre$4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation !y occupy ! lagoons & lakes ( ! int]ior1 & aft] t season unite ) _! own & alli$ species into l>ge flocks4 ,! flight ( ?is ,swan is light & beautiful1 b 9 o!r respects x is )\t ! grace t *>act]ises mo/ memb]s ( ?is family4 ,:ile swimm+ ! neck is held erect1 aft] ! mann] ( a ,goose4 ,we are )\t p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! incubation ( ^! birds1 beyond t :5 fir/ hat*$ ! "y are cov]$ ) :ite d[n1 & t !y gr[ ) su* rapidity t by ! autumn !y are sc>cely di/+ui%able f _! p>5ts4 ,! late ,e>l ( ,d]by 0 pres5t$ ) ! fir/ ,black-neck$ ,swan ev] br\ght to ,europe2 to ?is 7 aft]w>ds add$ sev5 m4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! ,e>l two 7 pres5t$ to h] ,maje/y1 & ! re/ consign$ to ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 9 ! ,reg5t's ,p>k1 :]e !y liv$ = _m ye>s )\t bre$+4 ,9 #ahef1 h[ev]1 a pair comm5c$ a ne/1 b did n lay until ! foll[+ ye>1 s9ce :i* "t !y h incubat$ annually4 ,,! ,,black ,,swan4 ,! ,,black ,,swan 7,cygnus-,*5opsis-atratus7 has a sl5d] body1 v long neck1 & small well-=m$ head2 ! beak ne>ly equals ! head 9 l5g?1 & is )\t a c]e4 ,9 ?is species almo/ ! entire plumage is ( a br[ni% black1 lighte/ on ! "u side1 & %ad+ into blacki% grey at ! edges ( ! fea!rs4 ,?is sombre g>b is reliev$ by ! brilliant :ite ( ! prim>y & ( a consid]able portion ( ! second>y quills4 ,! eyes are sc>let1 ! bridles r$1 & ! feet black3 ! beak is c>m9e-r$1 tipp$ ) :ite1 a /ripe ne> ! extremity ( ! upp] m&ible is also :ite4 ,?is bird is n q s l>ge z ! ,cygnus olor4 ,! ,black ,swan is n m]ely /rictly conf9$ to ,au/ralia1 b inhabits only its s\!rn & we/]n di/ricts1 occupy+ ! riv]s1 e/u>ies1 lagoons1 & l>ge pieces ( wat] frequ5tly 9 l>ge flocks4 ,on arms ( ! sea1 :i* exp& into %eets ( %all[ wat]1 ^! birds are especially num]\s1 z 9 su* localities !y are beyond ! rea* ( sev]e w9ds or pursuit f ! natives4 ,9 ! :ite man1 h[ev]1 says ,mr4 ,g\ld1 ! ,black ,swan f9ds an enemy s deadly1 t x has be5 almo/1 if n entirely1 extirpat$4 ,"o mo/ de/ructive mode 9 :i* ?is is effect$1 is t ( *as+ ! birds ) a boat at ! "t !y %$ _! prim>y quill-fea!rs1 :51 be+ unable to fly1 !y are soon r[$ d[n & captur$4 ,! bre$+ season is f ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] to ! middle ( ,janu>y4 ,mr4 ,g\ld procur$ newly-hat*$ "y1 clad 9 greyi% :ite1 at ,s\?port ,riv]1 on ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 & took five newly-laid eggs on ,fl9d]s' ,isl& on ,bass' ,/raits1 on ! #ac? ,janu>y4 ,! ne/ is l>ge1 compos$ ( flags & o!r h]bage1 & g5]ally plac$ on an isolat$ isl&4 ,! eggs are f five to eight1 pale gre5 /a9$ all ov] ) buffy br[n1 & are f\r & a half in*es long by two & ?ree-qu>t]s broad4 ,! ,black ,swan is graceful 9 demean\r1 & g5tle & h>mless unless mole/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black-,,neck$ ,,swans 7,cygnus nigricollis74 ,^! birds are to be f\nd 9 mo/ avi>ies 9 ,europe1 b z an in/ance ( _! mo/ successful re>+1 ,mr4 ,g\ld gives u ! foll[+ acc\nt ( "s ( !m kept on ! ,w&le1 at ,c>%alton1 ,surrey1 by ,mr4 ,s4 ,gurney3--,!y 7 pur*as$ f ,bak]1 ,lead5hall ,m>ket1 9 #ahea1 b did n bre$ till #ahed1 :5 !y laid _! fir/ egg on ,janu>y #a4 ,x 0 a mo/ sev]e w9t]1 sn[ on ! gr\nd1 & int5se fro/ ne>ly ! :ole "t !y 7 sitt+4 ,!y hat*$ _! "y dur+ ! greate/ cold ( t w9t]1 f :i* !y did n suff]1 ?\gh !y _h no %elt] ( any k9d1 & _! ne/ 0 fully expos$ to ! ea/ w9d4 ,out ( ! n9ety-?ree "y ones hat*$ by !m up to ! pres5t ye>1 #ahfb 7inclusive71 ab\t half t numb] h be5 re>$4 ,"s ( !m h di$ f disease1 b mo/ ( !m h be5 kill$ by ! old ones dragg+ !m ab\t 9 ! fields1 :5 !y h fall5 into small holes on _! backs1 & h n be5 able to recov] !mselves4 ,!y h br$ sixte5 times 9 sev5 ye>s1 hav+ laid #aaa eggs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,black ,,swan 7,cygnus or ,*5opsis atratus74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,geese 7,ans]es7 con/itute a v num]\s family1 ^: memb]s are met ) 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,9 ^! birds ! body is compact1 ! neck %ort1 & ! head l>ge2 ! legs are situat$ ne> ! middle ( ! body4 ,! beak1 :i* ne>ly equals ! head 9 l5g?1 & slopes gradually to its tip1 is vault$ above & flat b5ea?1 compress$ at its sides1 & t]m9at$ by a l>ge broad nail2 its m>g9s are m or less d5ticulat$1 & its surface cov]$ ) a s(t sk94 ,! mod]ate-siz$ foot has its ?ree ant]ior toes unit$ by a l>ge web1 & arm$ ) /\t1 /rong1 flatly-curv$ claws4 ,9 ! l>ge1 broad1 po9t$ w+ ! second quill is long] ?an ! re/1 & ! upp] second>ies are less develop$ ?an 9 ! ,swan2 ! wri/-jo9t exhibits a h>d knob1 :i* 9 "s species assumes ! =m ( a p[]ful spur4 ,! %ort tail is compos$ ( f f\rte5 to tw5ty fea!rs1 & is ei!r broadly r\nd$ or /raight at its extremity4 ,! plumage is v simil>ly col\r$ 9 bo? sexes1 b v>ies consid]ably 9 diff]5t gr\ps2 ! "y :5 "o ye> old resemble _! p>5ts4 ,e division ( ! _w has its own appropriate species ( ,geese4 ,9 ,europe1 & 9 ,asia1 _m diff]5t k9ds are to be met ) 9 almo/ equal abundance1 & 9 high nor!rn latitudes _m are common to ! ea/]n & we/]n hemisph]es4 ,t[>ds ! s\?1 h[ev]1 ! habitat ( ! diff]5t races is m %>ply def9$4 ,! ,geese are less exclusively aquatic ?an any o!r ,lamelliro/res2 inde$1 "s ( !m pass ! great] "p ( _! lives on dry l&1 & a few might almo/ be call$ arboreal 9 _! habits1 see+ t !y n only resort to & roo/ ^u trees1 b build _! ne/s among ! bran*es4 ,mo/ ( !m pref] pla9s to m\nta9\s di/ricts2 nev]!less1 c]ta9 species are to be met ) at consid]able altitudes1 bo? 9 ! ,himalayas & ! ,&es4 ,!y walk extremely well1 & ?\gh 9 swimm+ !y are nei!r s graceful z ! ,swans nor z active z ! ,ducks1 !y r[ !mselves along ) ease & facility2 on an em]g5cy _m ( !m w dive to a consid]able dep?1 & ! p[] & endurance ( _! flight is rem>kable4 ,:5 fly+ 9 companies1 !y always arrange !mselves 9 a regul> ,v-%ap$ phalanx1 ! =m ( :i* appe>s to be ( importance2 nei!r is x difficult to und]/& :y !y s p]si/5tly adopt ! same arrangem5t1 z x is evid5t t su* a disposition is ! only "o t w\ld enable e individual ( ! num]\s p>ty to h a free & unob/ruct$ range ( vision1 &1 moreov]1 x possibly facilitates _! passage ?r\gh ! air1 at all ev5ts x af=ds free scope = ! use ( _! w+s1 :i* o!rwise1 f _! cr[d+ toge!r1 w\ld be s]i\sly int]f]$ )4 ,v g5]ally a flight ( ,wild ,geese w be se5 to press onw>d ) unbrok5 ranks until !y are q lo/ 9 ! di/ance2 occasionally1 h[ev]1 !y w1 z x 71 ) "o cons5t relax _! spe$1 break up _! phalanx1 & = a %ort space become confus$ly mix$ toge!r4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 a lead] aga9 places himself at _! head2 8 foll[]s resume _! ranks1 & ! :ole body moves =w>d 9 precisely ! same ord] z be=e4 ,_! flight is accompani$ by a l\d ru%+ noise1 caus$ by ! p[]ful /rokes ( _! w+s1 & ! ris+ or sett+ d[n ( a flock pres5ts a v bu/l+ sc5e4 ,:5 walk+ on level gr\nd1 ! ,geese keep ! =e "p ( ! body slightly elevat$1 ) _! neck /raight or some:at b5t4 ,_! /eps are %ort & quick1 & ^u occasions _m species c run ) consid]able spe$4 ,:ile swimm+1 ! brea/ is deeply imm]s$1 :ile ! tail1 on ! contr>y1 is rais$ above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,_! voice v>ies ) ! species2 mo/ ( !m express _! ang] by l\d & prolong$ hiss+1 "s cackle1 :ile o!rs1 l ! ,s++ ,swans1 produce l\d resonant notes t c be he>d at a great di/ance4 ,^! birds diff] v mu*1 bo? z to ! localities !y select = _! ne/+-places1 & ! season at :i* !y bre$4 ,_m species1 z spr+ approa*es1 beg9 to assemble 9 remote morasses & unfrequ5t$ swamps1 & "h ^u small isl&s or hillocks !y make a rude k9d ( ne/1 compos$ ( wat]-plants1 & l9$ ) d[n4 ,"s1 on ! contr>y1 select ! =k$ bran*es & holl[ trunks ( trees1 or occasionally conv]t to _! own use ! eyries ( o!r birds4 ,_! brood consi/s ( f six to twelve well-%ap$1 ?ick-%ell$ eggs1 always ( a dull & uni=m t9t4 ,! usual duration ( incubation is ab\t a mon?4 ,! newly-hat*$ ,gosl+s are cov]$ ) a s(t w>m coat ( greyi% d[n1 & soon beg91 "u ! guidance ( _! p>5ts1 to provide = !mselves4 ,!y run & swim actively on ! v day ( _! bir?1 & _! gr[? is s rapid1 t 9 ! c\rse ( a c\ple ( mon?s !y are completely fl$g$4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 rema9 toge!r z a family = a v long p]iod4 ,all ,geese live pr9cipally ^u vegetable diet2 by means ( ! h>d m>g9s ( _! beak !y are able to crop grass1 & also to collect gra91 & a v>iety ( vegetables4 ,!y likewise procure v>i\s small animals & aquatic plants f ! bottom ( ! wat]4 ,,! ,,spur-,,w+$ ,,goose4 ,! ,,spur-,,w+$ ,,goose 7,plectropt]us ,gamb5sis7 is *>act]is$ by its l>ge size1 sl5d] body1 long neck1 /rong beak1 furni%$ ) an excresc5ce at its base1 its unfea!r$ face1 & long b>e legs4 ,! feet are provid$ ) long toes1 connect$ by l>ge webs2 9 ! long1 po9t$ w+s ! upp] second>ies are mu* develop$1 & ! wri/-jo9t arm$ ) a p[]ful spur2 ! tail is ( mod]ate l5g? & w$ge-%ap$1 & ! plumage1 compos$ ( l>ge fea!rs1 is smoo? & compact4 ,9 ?is bird ! *eeks1 *91 ?roat1 c5tre ( brea/1 "u side1 & ! %ort fea!rs on ! upp] w+-cov]s are all :ite2 ! re/ ( ! plumage is blacki% gre54 ,! eyes are r$di% br[n1 ! beak & ! excresc5ce at its base bluei% r$2 ! feet dull light r$4 ,?is species is ?ree feet long & five feet & a half broad2 ! tail measures sev5 in*es4 ,! female is consid]ably small] ?an h] mate1 b resembles him 9 ! coloration ( h] fea!rs2 ! "y are br[n on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body1 ) black w+s1 a greyi% br[n neck1 & :ite ?roat2 ! re/ ( _! plumage is light grey4 ,! habitat ( ! ,spur-w+$ ,goose ext5ds ov] ! :ole ( ,c5tral & ,s\? ,africa1 :]e x occupies ! bord]s ( /reams or ra9 tanks1 9 small p>ties1 & seldom w&]s to any di/ance f its usual haunts4 ,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,july x retires to seclud$ & m>%y localities 9 ord] to m\lt1 z at ^? p]iods x is unable to fly4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ra9y season ! flocks sep>ate 9 pairs1 & seek _! bre$+-places4 ,! l>ge ne/1 :i* is =m$ ( ru%es1 re$s1 & grass1 is occasionally plac$ 9 ! wat]1 & conta9s f ?ree to six eggs4 ,! d[ny "y appe> ab\t ,septemb] or ,octob]1 & rema9 ) _! p>5ts until !y are full-gr[n4 ,)9 ! fir/ ye> !y acquire ! same plumage z ! adults1 b d n exhibit ! excresc5ce on ! bill till !y are some:at old]4 ,:5 9 ! wat] ! movem5ts ( ?is species resemble ^? ( its bre?r51 b ^u ! gr\nd its gait is v simil> to t ( ! ,/ork4 ,:5 ab\t to fly x runs = "s di/ance1 & !n rises ) p[]ful & rapid /rokes ( its w+s to a consid]able height2 occasionally :il/ 9 ! air x may be se5 indulg+ 9 a v peculi> hov]+ motion4 ,we h nev] he>d ! ,spur-w+$ ,goose d m ?an utt] a ho>se hiss+ s\nd4 ,accord+ to our own obs]vations x is timid & cauti\s 9 its int]c\rse ) man1 b appe>s to take little he$ ( any ( its fea!r$ companions4 ,y>rell m5tions t two specim5s ( ?is bird h be5 %ot 9 ,engl&1 ! "o 9 ,cornwall1 ! o!r 9 ,york%ire1 & = _m ye>s sev]al h be5 kept 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,,! ,,grey ,,or ,,wild ,,goose4 ,! ,,grey or ,,wild ,,goose 7,ans] c9]eus71 ! species f :i* our ,dome/ic ,goose is desc5d$1 has ! fea!rs on ! upp] portions ( ! body ( a br[ni% grey1 edg$ ) a :iti% %ade2 :il/ ^? on ! "u side are yell[i% grey bord]$ ) deep grey4 ,! w+ is d>k grey1 & ! region ( ! rump pure :ite2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are blacki% grey ) :ite %afts1 ! latt] are also tipp$ ) :ite2 ! eye is light br[n1 ! beak yell[1 & ! foot pale r$4 ,?is species is fully ?ree feet long1 & five feet & a half broad2 ! w+ measures eighte51 & ! tail six in*es4 ,! ,grey ,wild ,goose 0 =m]ly v common 9 ! f5ny di/ricts ( ,engl&1 b is n[ comp>atively r>e bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,irel&4 ,x is a w9t] visitor to ,orkney & ,%etl&1 b does n rema9 to bre$1 pass+ nor?w>ds 9 ! spr+4 ,,! ,,canada ,,goose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,spur-,,w+$ ,,goose 7,plectropt]us ,gamb5sis74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,,canada ,,goose 7,cygnopsis ,canad5sis7 ne>ly resembles ! ,dome/ic ,goose 9 _m p>ticul>s1 b is recognisable !refrom by its comp>atively sl5d] body1 long neck1 & v>iegat$ plumage4 ,9 ?is bird ! head & nape are black1 & ! *eeks1 ?roat1 & gullet :ite or greyi% :ite2 ! fea!rs on ! upp] "p ( ! body are br[ni% grey ) light edges2 ^? on ! brea/ & upp] neck d>k grey1 & ^? on ! re/ ( ! "u side pure :ite2 ! prim>y quills are blacki% br[n2 ! second>ies & tail 7! latt] compos$ ( sixte5 or eighte5 fea!rs7 are black4 ,! eye is greyi% br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot blacki% grey4 ,! l5g? ( ! male is f ?irty-five to ?irty-six in*es1 & 8 bread? f sixty-?ree to sixty-five in*es2 ! w+ measures eighte5 in*es1 & ! tail sev5 & a half4 ,! female is n q s l>ge4 ,! ,canada ,goose has frequ5tly be5 %ot 9 ?is c\ntry1 & x is !re=e includ$ by ,y>rell among/ ,briti% birds4 ,l>ge flocks h be5 se5 9 ,cambridge%ire1 & specim5s h be5 kill$ 9 ,hamp%ire1 ,cornwall1 & ! ,scilly ,isles4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,magaz9e ( ,natural ,hi/ory also gives an acc\nt ( a small flock ( ^! birds t frequ5t$ & made _! ne/ ne> ,d]by4 ,?is species1 ! ,common ,wild ,goose ( ,am]ica1 is well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? z a resid5t & migratory bird4 ,x advances nor? ab\t ,april & ,may1 :5 ! disappe>ance ( ! sn[ & ice all[s x to f9d b]ries & o!r vegetable matt]2 & aft] fe$+ = ab\t ?ree weeks1 sep>ates f ! flock1 & ) its mate seeks su* retir$ spots = bre$+ z af=d a supply ( suitable food4 ,! ne/ is usually made ^u ! gr\nd1 b occasionally 9 trees1 or 9 ! des]t$ eyrie ( a ,rav5 or ,fi%+ ,hawk4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ! ,g&] displays 8 c\rage to ! greate/ advantage4 ,audubon gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,i knew a male1 says t writ]1 t appe>$ l>g] ?an usual1 & ( :i* all ! l[] p>ts 7 ( a ri* cream-col\r4 ,x return$ ?ree ye>s 9 succession to a l>ge pond a few miles f ! m\? ( ! ,gre5 ,riv]1 9 ,k5tucky1 & :5ev] ,i visit$ ! ne/ x seem$ to look ^u me ) utt] contempt4 ,x w\ld /& 9 a /ately attitude until ,i rea*$ )9 a few y>ds ( ! ne/1 :5 sudd5ly l[]+ its head & %ak+ x1 z if x 7 dislocat$ f ! neck1 x w\ld op5 its w+s & laun* into ! air1 fly+ directly at me4 ,s d>+ 0 ?is f9e fell[ t 9 two in/ances he /ruck me a bl[ ) "o ( 8 w+s on ! "r arm1 :i* = an in/ant ,i ?\ght 0 brok54 ,i obs]v$ t imm$iately aft] su* an ef=t to def5d 8 ne/ & mate1 he w\ld run swiftly t[>ds !m1 pass 8 head & neck sev]al times ov] & ar\nd ! female1 & aga9 assume 8 attitude ( defiance4 ,%\ld dang] be imm95t1 ! brave ,g&] urges 8 mate to fly (f1 & resolutely rema9s ne> ! ne/ until he is assur$ ( h] safety1 :5 he betakes himself to flight1 mock+1 z x 71 by 8 notes 8 disappo9t$ enemy4 ,suppose all to be peace & quiet ar\nd ! fond pair1 & ! female to be sitt+ 9 security ^u h] eggs4 ,! ne/ is plac$ ne> ! bank ( a noble /ream or lake1 ! cle> sky is spread ov] ! sc5e1 ! bright beams glitt] on ! wat]s1 & a ?\s& odor\s fl[]s give beauty to ! swamp :i* 0 ( late s dismal4 ,! ,g&] passes to & fro ov] ! liquid elem5t1 mov+ z if "l ( ! wat]s2 n[ he incl9es 8 head ) a graceful curve1 n[ sips to qu5* 8 ?ir/1 & z noontide has arriv$ he paddles 8 way t[>ds ! %ore to relieve = a:ile 8 pati5t consort4 ,c>efully t5d$ & taught1 ! "y gr[ apace1 & by ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] are able to fly f "o %ore to ano!r2 !n1 z ! increas+ fro/s give w>n+ ( approa*+ w9t]1 ! sep>ate families unite1 & on p]ceiv+ ! com+ ( a sn[-/orm1 at ! g5]al w>n+ cry ( ! ,g&]s1 ! unit$ flock rises high into ! air1 & ! "y are in/ruct$ h[ to move4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,grey ,,or ,,wild ,,goose 7,ans] c9]eus74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 ,b n[ ! ho/ has be5 m>%all$1 & (f x />ts1 %[+ z x proce$s at "o "t an ext5d$ front1 at ano!r a s+le l5g!n$ file1 & n[ array+ itself 9 an angul> =m4 ,! old males advance 9 front1 ! females foll[2 ! "y come 9 succession accord+ to _! /r5g?1 ! weake/ =m+ ! re>4 ,%\ld "o feel fatigu$1 8 position is *ang$ 9 ! ranks1 & he assumes a place 9 ! wake ( ano!r1 :o cleaves ! air be=e him4 ,two1 ?ree1 or m days elapse be=e !y f9d a secure re/+-place4 ,! fat ) :i* !y 7 load$ at _! dep>ture has rapidly wa/$2 !y are fatigu$1 & exp]i5ce ! ke5 gnaw+s ( hung]2 b n[ !y spy a wide e/u>y1 t[>ds :i* !y direct _! c\rse4 ,alight+ on ! wat]1 !y swim to ! bea*1 /& & gaze ar\nd !m2 ! "y full ( joy1 ! old full ( fe>1 = !y are well aw>e t _m foes h be5 wait+ _! arrival4 ,all night ! flock rema9s sil5t1 b n inactive2 !y betake !mselves ) c>e to ! grassy %ores1 :]e !y allay ! crav+s ( appetite1 & recruit _! wa/$ /r5g?4 ,soon z ! e>ly dawn light5s ! surface ( ! deep1 !y rise into ! air & proce$ s\?w>d1 until arriv+ 9 "s place :]e !y ?9k !y may be enabl$ to re/ 9 security1 !y rema9 dur+ ! w9t]4 ,at l5g?1 aft] _m annoyances1 !y joyfully p]ceive ! return ( spr+1 & prep>e to fly away f _! greate/ enemy1 man4 ,! ,canada ,goose arrives 9 ! we/]n di/ricts ( t c\ntry ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]1 & frequ5ts ! lakes1 riv]s1 & wet savannahs ( ! int]ior z well z ! sea-%ore4 ,^! birds usually fe$ by plung+ _! head & ! =e p>ts ( _! body b5ea? ! surface1 b nev] by div+4 ,9 ! fields !y pluck ! grass sideways1 l ! ,dome/ic ,goose1 & pat ! e>? ) _! feet to drive ! e>?worms f _! retreats4 ,!y frequ5tly alight 9 corn-fields to fe$ on ! t5d] blades1 & ev]y:]e are extremely vigilant4 ,:ile ! flock reposes1 s5t9els are plac$ on ! wat* to r\se _! sleep+ companions if dang] %\ld approa*4 ,if pursu$ into ! wat]1 ! ,g&]s utt] l\d cries1 & 9 a few mom5ts !y rise simultane\sly1 & fly (f 9 a compact body4 ,s acute1 says ,audubon1 is _! s5se ( he>+1 t !y are able to di/+ui% ! diff]5t s\nds or foot/eps ( _! foes ) a/oni%+ accuracy4 ,?us ! break+ ( a /ick by a de] is di/+ui%$ f ! same accid5t occasion$ by a man4 ,if a doz5 l>ge turtles drop into ! wat]1 mak+ a great noise 9 _! fall1 or if ! same effect has be5 produc$ by an alligator1 ! ,wild ,goose pays no reg>d to x1 b h[ev] fa9t & di/ant may be ! s\nd ( an ,indian's paddle t may by accid5t h /ruck ! side ( 8 canoe1 x is at once m>k$1 e individual raises its head & looks int5tly t[>ds ! place f :i* ! noise has proce$$1 & 9 sil5ce all wat* ! movem5ts ( _! enemy4 ,i 0 mu* surpris$ "o day1 :ile on ! coa/ ( ,labrador1 to see h[ cunn+ly "o ( ^! birds1 :i* 9 consequ5ce ( ! m\lt 0 q unable to fly1 manag$ = a:ile to elude our pursuit4 ,x 0 fir/ p]ceiv$ at "s di/ance f ! %ore1 :5 ! boat 0 r[$ t[>ds x1 & x swam be=e u ) great spe$1 mak+ directly t[>ds ! l&2 b :5 we came )9 a few y>ds ( x1 x div$1 & no?+ c\ld be se5 ( x = a long "t4 ,e "o ( ! p>ty /ood on tip-toe1 to m>k ! spot :]e x %\ld rise1 b all 9 va91 :5 ! man at ! rudd] accid5tally look$ d[n ov] ! /]n1 & !n saw ! ,goose1 its body imm]s$1 ! po9t ( its bill alone above wat]1 & its feet busily engag$ 9 propell+ x s z to keep pace ) ! movem5ts ( ! boat4 ,! sailor attempt$ to cat* x :ile )9 a foot or two ( him1 b ) ! swiftness ( ?\ght x %ift$ f side to side1 =e & aft1 until1 delight$ at hav+ witness$ s mu* sagacity 9 a ,goose1 ,i begg$ ! p>ty to suff] ! poor bird to escape4 ,! resid5ts 9 ,hudson's ,bay eag]ly welcome ! arrival ( ^! birds1 on :i* !y dep5d = _! w9t] supply ( provisions4 ,huts are built ov] ! m>%es :]e !y fe$1 & decoys set up to lure !m to de/ruction4 ,9 "s ye>s z _m z ?ree ?\s& or f\r ?\s& h be5 kill$ 9 ,hudson's ,bay1 & salt$ = w9t] use4 ,! eggs are also mu* e/eem$1 & ! fea!rs =m an important article ( comm]ce4 ,! call ( ! ,canada ,goose resembles ! syllables1 ,hawk1 hawk1 hawk1 a:awk1 a:awk4 ,,! ,,sn[ ,,goose4 ,! ,,sn[ ,,goose 7,ans] ,*5 hyp]boreus7 has ! entire plumage ( a pure :ite1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ t5 quills1 :i* are black1 ) :ite roots1 & :ite %afts tipp$ ) black4 ,9 "y birds ! fea!rs on ! upp] back1 %\ld]s1 a portion ( ! neck1 ! brea/1 & sides are blacki% grey2 ! head & nape are %ad$ ) grey2 ! l[] back & fea!rs on ! upp] tail-cov]s are d>k grey2 ! prim>y & second>y quills greyi% black1 ! latt] bord]$ ) greyi% :ite2 ! tail-fea!rs are also d>k grey1 & simil>ly edg$4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! beak dull pale r$1 edg$ ) black1 & ! foot pale bright r$4 ,?is species is f tw5ty-six to tw5ty-sev5 in*es long1 & f fifty-two to fifty-?ree broad2 ! w+ measures sixte5 & ! tail six in*es4 ,! "y ( ?is species1 says ,audubon1 beg9 to acquire _! :it5ess ab\t ! head & neck aft] ! fir/ ye>1 b ! upp] p>ts rema9 ( a d>k bluei% col\r until ! bird sudd5ly becomes :ite all ov]1 at lea/ ?is is ! case ) su* z are kept 9 captivity4 ,my fri5d ,dr4 ,ba*man1 ( ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 kept a male ,sn[ ,goose sev]al ye>s along ) 8 tame ,geese4 ,he _h receiv$ x f a fri5d :ile x 0 9 its grey plumage1 & ! foll[+ spr+ x became :ite4 ,x _h be5 procur$ 9 ! autumn1 & prov$ to be a male4 ,9 a few days x became v g5tle1 & = sev]al ye>s x mat$ ) a ,common ,goose1 b ! eggs produc$ by ! latt] nev] hat*$4 ,! ,sn[ ,goose 0 9 ! habit ( daily frequ5t+ a mill-pond 9 ! vic9ity1 & return+ regul>ly at night along ) ! re/2 b 9 ! beg9n+ ( ea* spr+ x occasion$ mu* tr\ble4 ,x !n cont9ually rais$ its head & w+s1 & attempt$ to fly (f2 b f9d+ ?is impossible1 x 0 anxi\s to p]=m its j\rney on foot1 & x 0 sev]al times ov]tak5 & br\ght back1 aft] x _h proce$$ m ?an a mile1 hav+ cross$ f5ces & plantations 9 a direct c\rse nor?w>d4 ,?is prop5sity co/ x its life2 x _h proce$$ z f> z ! banks ( ! ,coop] ,riv]1 :5 x 0 %ot by a p]son :o suppos$ x to be a wild bird4 ,a ,sn[ ,goose kept by ,audubon himself exhibit$ ! same desire to g nor?w>d on ! return ( spr+4 ,:5 migrat+ nor?w>d1 al?\gh !y />t at ! same "t1 ! "y & old keep 9 sep>ate flocks1 ! "y cont9u+ to rema9 ap>t f ! old ev5 :5 approa*+ ! high] latitudes4 ,dur+ ! :ole w9t]1 inde$1 !y rema9 divid$1 al?\gh 9 ! same localities2 & ,audubon in=ms u t1 al?\gh ! "y & old are (t5 se5 to repose on ! same s&-b>1 ! flocks keep at z great a di/ance z possible f ea* o!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,sea ,,geese 7,b]nicla7 are comp>atively small1 compactly-built birds1 ) %ort necks & mod]ately l>ge heads2 ! %ort delicate beak is /rong1 broad & high at its base1 sl5d] t[>ds its tip1 & slightly d5ticulat$ at its m>g9s2 ! foot is l[1 b p[]ful2 & ! w+ s long z to ext5d z f> z ! tip ( ! %ort tail1 :i* is r\nd$ at its extremity4 ,! ?ick plumage is pr9cipally ( a deep grey1 m>k$ ) black1 :ite1 & r$di% br[n4 ,^! ,geese are met ) 9 ! extreme nor? ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica2 ! ,am]ican1 =m]ly consid]$ z di/9ct f ! ,european1 be+ evid5tly only a v>iety4 ,! home ( ^! birds is to be f\nd ^u ! coa/s & isl&s situat$ betwe5 #fj & #hj ( nor? latitude4 ,only a few bre$ 9 ,icel&2 b 9 ,spitzb]g5 !y are v num]\s1 & fur!r ea/ !y ab\nd ?r\gh\t ! summ] along all ! %ores ( ! ,icy ,ocean2 !y are likewise num]\s 9 ,hudson's ,bay & ! neighb\r+ wat]s4 ,f ! above inhospitable regions !y make annual pilgrimages to w>m] climates1 appe>+ 9 ,great ,brita9 t[>ds ! end ( ,octob] or ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]4 ,at ?is "t !y cr[d ! vic9ity ( ! coa/ 9 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s2 f> z ! eye c rea* !y may sometimes be se5 wad+ ar\nd ! banks ( s& & amid ! %all[s left by ! rec$+ tide2 _! cries are to be he>d above ! ro> ( ! surf2 & ! masses1 :5 !y take flight & rise into ! air1 resemble at a di/ance a ?ick & wide-spread smoke1 _! numb]s be+ absolutely incalculable4 ,a few individuals may also be sometimes se5 9 ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry ^u lakes & o!r l>ge %eets ( wat]2 ^!1 h[ev]1 c only be reg>d$ z /raggl]s3 all ,sea ,geese well des]ve ! "n1 z "u ord9>y circum/ances !y nev] leave ! coa/4 ,z relates to _! ord9>y food1 ^! birds diff] f ,common ,geese 9 s f> t1 besides grass & m>9e plants1 !y eat a consid]able proportion ( animal food4 ,9 nor!rn regions !y fe$ ^u :atev] is !re to be met )4 ,) u !y pref] mead[ grass & t5d] h]bage4 ,9 captivity !y readily fe$ ^u gra91 to :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld be add$ a consid]able proportion ( gre5 vegetables4 ,,! ,,br5t ,,goose4 ,! ,,br5t ,,goose 7,b]nicla torquata7 is black ^u ! head1 neck1 quills1 & tail2 ! fea!rs on ! brea/1 back1 & upp] belly are d>k grey1 ) light tips2 ! sides ( ! belly1 rump1 & upp] tail-cov]s are :ite2 ! sides ( ! ?roat are decorat$ ) a :ite cresc5t-%ap$ pat*4 ,! "y are )\t ! :ite fea!rs on ! ?roat1 & are d>k] ?an ! adult birds4 ,! ,br5t ,geese are con/ant summ] visitors to ! ,briti% %ores1 arriv+ 9 ,octob] & dep>t+ ab\t ! end ( ,april4 ,^! birds are di/+ui%able beyond all o!rs ( ! family by ! elegance ( _! movem5ts & _! peaceful demean\r2 !y walk well bo? ^u firm gr\nd & ov] a muddy surface2 !y swim rapidly & buoyantly1 & dive ) facility2 _! p[] ( flight surpasses t ( any o!r ,geese2 !y d n1 h[ev]1 :5 fly+ adopt ! w$ge-l arrangem5t s commonly se5 among _! cong5]s1 b make _! way ?r\gh ! air 9 l>ge noisy flocks1 9 :i* ! birds are promiscu\sly cr[d$ toge!r4 ,! noise made by "o ( ^! va/ assemblages1 z !y rise f ! gr\nd1 resembles ! roll ( di/ant ?und]1 & ev5 :5 fly+ at a consid]able elevation ! movem5t ( _! w+s produces a :izz+ s\nd :i* is di/9ctly audible4 ,_! voice is v h>%2 ! call-note some:at resembles ! syllables ,kn-ng1 (t5 repeat$2 :5 fe$+ !y utt] a r\gh ho>se ,kr*1 :ile _! expression ( ang] is a l[ hiss4 ,l o!rs ( _! race !y always live associat$ 9 flocks1 & %\ld an un=tunate /raggl] become accid5tally sep>at$ f 8 companions1 he may be se5 fly+ anxi\sly ab\t 9 se>* ( o!rs ( 8 species1 nev] re/+ until once m safe 9 _! society4 ,! behavi\r ( ^! birds 9 ! pres5ce ( man proclaims !m at once to be unsophi/icat$ *ildr5 ( ! nor?1 :o h nev] exp]i5c$ ! t5d] m]cies ( _! ar*-enemy4 ,!y seem at fir/ to witness 8 approa* )\t any suspicion ( dang]1 & x is only aft] suff]+ sev]ely = _! tem]ity t !y become wild & di/ru/ful4 ,on _! fir/ arrival1 inde$1 :ole families ( !m may sometimes be kill$ ) /ones & clubs1 & !y are tak5 9 sn>es m easily ?an mo/ o!r ,geese4 ,9 calm wea!r1 says ,colonel ,hawk]1 ^! ,geese h 9 g5]al ! cunn+ to leave ! mud z soon z ! tide fl[s high en\gh to be> an enemy1 & !n !y g (f to sea & fe$ on ! drift+ we$s4 ,to kill ,br5t ,geese by day1 g out 9 a small punt at l[ wat]1 & keep z ne> z possible to ! edge ( ! sea4 ,y w !n he> !m l a pack ( h\nds 9 full cry1 & !y w repeat$ly pass )9 fair %ot1 provid$ y are well conceal$1 & ! wea!r is w9dy to make !m fly l[4 ,be=e y fire at !m1 spr+ sudd5ly up1 & ^! awkw>d birds w be 9 su* a fright z to hov] toge!r & pres5t a m>k l a b>n door4 ,! ,br5t ,geese :5 fat are excell5t eat+4 ,9 conf9em5t !y are at fir/ exce$+ly timid1 b soon become reconcil$ to _! new condition1 & ev5 %[ m>k$ atta*m5t to ^? :o fe$ !m1 com+ at _! call1 &1 if k9dly treat$1 foll[+ _! foot/eps l dogs4 ,9 a f>my>d1 or ^u a l>ge pond1 !y are extremely ornam5tal1 & des]ve mu* m att5tion ?an !y h z yet receiv$4 ,! ,br5t ,geese h be5 long kn[n to bre$ 9 consid]able numb]s on ! %ores ( ,spitzb]g51 b x is only rec5tly t we h _h any def9ite acc\nts ( _! proce$+s4 ,malmgr5 tells u t _! bre$+-places are *iefly to be met ) 9 ! we/]n & nor!rn coa/s ( ! isl&1 & on ! rocks 9 ! vic9ity1 m especially 9 places resort$ to by ,eid] ,ducks4 ,_! ne/s are v rudely con/ruct$ ) ! /ems & leaves ( wat]-plants1 & are (t5 plac$ s close to ^? ( ! ,eid] ,duck t ^? birds frequ5tly /eal _! eggs 9 great numb]s4 ,! brood ( ! ,br5t ,goose consi/s ( f six to eight comp>atively small1 ?9-%ell$1 lu/reless eggs1 ( a dirty1 gre5i% :ite col\r4 ,midd5dorf f\nd a "y bird newly hat*$ ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,fur!r ?an ?is we h no in=mation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,br5t ,,goose 7,b]nicla torquata74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,^u ! s\!rn coa/s ( ! ,baltic & 9 ,holl&1 dur+ ! spr+ & autumn1 ?\s&s ( ^! birds are %ot1 & a /ill great] numb] captur$ by means ( decoys4 ,_! fle% is mu* e/eem$1 b has occasionally a disagreeable rancid ta/e1 probably ow+ to ! %ell-fi% ^u :i* !y fe$4 ,to rem$y ?is1 x is usual 9 ,holl& to keep !m = "s "t be=e !y are kill$1 fe$+ !m ) gra9 & o!r vegetable diet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,foxy ,,geese 7,*5alopex7 are at once recognisable f ! above species by _! sl5d] neck1 l>ge head1 %ort beak1 high foot1 broad w+1 & beautiful plumage4 ,! some:at feeble bill1 :i* is rais$ at ! base & depress$ t[>ds ! tips1 t]m9ates 9 a broad1 r\nd nail2 ! p>tially b>e foot is sl5d]1 & furni%$ ) small toes2 ! w+s exhibit a slight spur at ! wri/-jo9t1 & h ! upp] second>y quills well develop$2 ! %ort tail is compos$ ( f\rte5 fea!rs4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p are natives ( ,africa & ,syria4 ,,! ,,nile ,,goose4 ,! ,,nile ,,goose 7,*5alopex gyptiacus7 has unusually v>iegat$ plumage4 ,9 ?is species ! sides ( head & front ( ! neck are yell[i% :ite1 f9ely dott$2 ! pat* ar\nd ! eye1 ! nape1 & a broad b& ab\t ! ?roat1 are r$di% br[n2 ! fea!rs on ! upp] portions ( ! body are grey & black1 & ^? ( ! "u side r$di% yell[1 m>k$ ) black & :ite2 ! c5tre ( ! brea/ & belly are ( light] %ade1 & ! =m] is decorat$ ) a l>ge1 r\nd1 r$di% br[n pat*2 ! :ite w+-cov]s are /rip$ ) black & enliv5$ by a f9e metallic lu/re2 ! tips ( ! quills & ! tail-fea!rs are glossy black2 ! eye is orange or yell[2 ! beak bluei% r$ ) bluei% grey base1 & light tip to ! upp] m&ible2 ! foot is r$di%1 or light yell[4 ,?is bird is two feet ?ree in*es long & f\r feet & a half broad2 ! w+ measures sixte5 in*es & ! tail five in*es & a qu>t]4 ,! female is small] ?an h] mate1 b ne>ly resembles him 9 h] g5]al appe>ance2 h] plumage1 h[ev]1 is n s f9ely m>k$1 & ! pat* ^u h] brea/ ( inf]ior size4 ,! head-qu>t]s ( ! ,nile ,goose ext5d f ,egypt to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & f ! ea/ coa/ f> into ! int]ior ( ,africa2 along ! we/ coa/ ( t cont95t x probably does n occur4 ,f ,africa its range ext5ds ?r\gh\t ,pale/9e & ,syria1 rea*+ z f> z ,greece1 ,italy1 & ! s\? ( ,spa94 ,dur+ our travels 9 ,africa we _h abundant opportunities ( obs]v+ ^! beautiful birds1 ^: portrait is n unfrequ5tly to be se5 sculptur$ ^u ! monum5ts ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,9 ,l[] ,egypt !y are abundant all along ! ,nile1 except 9 su* places z are p>ticul>ly unsuit$ to _! habits2 z1 = example1 :]e ! riv] wa%es walls ( b>e rock1 or :]e no isl&s are to be met )4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,nubia !y are to be se5 9 l>ge flocks2 9 ,s\dan !y are regul> occupants ( ! banks ( ! riv]s1 & are ev5 met ) ^u pools ( ra9-wat]1 z well z l>ge ponds1 at a consid]able di/ance f _! banks4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ^! birds g5]ally occur 9 pairs1 aft]w>ds 9 company ) _! "y families2 b at a lat] p]iod !y associate toge!r 9 l>ge flocks1 & 9 ! m\lt+ season1 dur+ :i* !y are n incapable ( flight1 innum]able ho/s ( !m may be se5 cr[d+ ! %ores ( ! riv] = h\rs toge!r4 ,on "o occasion dur+ our j\rney+s along ! ,:ite ,nile1 = ?ree successive days we f\nd ! banks cr[d$ ) c\ntless birds1 ( :i* ! ,nile ,geese =m$ a v conspicu\s portion2 !y are1 h[ev]1 nev] to be se5 at any great di/ance f wat]1 except1 inde$1 :5 w++ _! way high 9 ! air4 ,!y seem1 moreov]1 to pref] c]ta9 p>ts ( ! riv]1 f :5ce !y fly into ! neighb\r+ fields 9 se>* ( food1 return+ to !m aga9 :5 _! hung] is satisfi$4 ,ea* pair takes possession ( a c]ta9 space ( gr\nd1 f :i* !y jeal\sly expel all intrud]s2 nev]!less1 ! males readily associate ) ea* o!r1 & may (t5 be se5 toge!r app>5tly enjoy+ a quiet *at1 or occasionally a bit ( fight+4 ,! p]sonal end[m5ts ( ! ,nile ,geese are q on a p> ) ! elegance ( _! plumage4 ,9 runn+ !y emulate ! long-legg$ ,spurr$ ,geese2 !y swim gracefully & )\t ef=t1 keep+ ! =e "p ( _! bodies deeply imm]s$2 !y are able1 moreov]1 to dive to a consid]able dep?1 r[+ !mselves along :5 "u wat] bo? ) _! feet & w+s4 ,_! flight is noisy1 b light & rapid4 ,:5 fly+ 9 pairs1 "o foll[s close beh9d ! o!r2 :5 9 l>ge flocks1 !y frequ5tly obs]ve no regul> ord]1 except !y are b\nd ^u a long j\rney1 on :i* occasions !y adopt ! ,v-l phalanx4 ,_! voice has "s di/ant resemblance to t ( our ,dome/ic ,goose2 x is1 h[ev]1 ho>se1 & rem9ds ! li/5] ( ! notes ( a crack$ trumpet4 ,9 all its proce$+s ?is ,goose seems to be p>ticul>ly cauti\s & circumspect2 always wat*ful = its own safety1 x mi/ru/s ! slighte/ approa* ( a /rang]1 & 9 ?is respect is m afraid ( a =eign] ?an ( ! negroes1 ) ^: appe>ance x is mo/ famili>4 ,its temp] & disposition are by no means 9 accordance ) ! beauty ( its appe>ance2 inde$1 x mu/ be class$ ) ! mo/ dom9e]+ & vici\s ( its race1 = al?\gh liv+ 9 society x c h>dly be said ev] to be at peace ) its companions4 ,dur+ ! pair+ season ! battles betwe5 ! males are lit]ally to ! dea? 7at lea/ s we h f\nd x 9 "s t we kept 9 conf9em5t72 !y foll[ "o ano!r ) l\d cries & unappeasable fury1 bite savagely1 & beat ea* o!r ) _! w+s until "o or bo? fall exhau/$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! ,g&]s seem to delight 9 tyrannis+ ov] all ! o!r inmates ( ! pond1 & n cont5t ) p]secut+ ,ducks & ,geese consid]ably l>g] ?an !mselves1 su* is _! boldness & audacity t !y w sometimes attack ev5 man himself4 ,%\ld "o ( !m enc\nt] ano!r male ( 8 own species1 ei!r alone or accompani$ by a female1 x w fall ^u him z ?\gh x 7 a bird ( prey1 & %\ld x be unable to kill him by bl[s inflict$ ) ! beak & w+s1 w try to dr[n him4 ,no soon] is ! vanqui%$ bird s exhau/$ z to be unable to resi/1 ?an1 m\nt+ ^u its body1 ! victor seizes x by ! neck & holds its head "u wat] until life is q ext9ct4 ,) su* dang]\s prop5sities x is n to be wond]$ at t ?is species1 not)/&+ ! vivacity ( its mann]s & ! beauty ( its appe>ance1 is sc>cely admissible among o!r birds4 ,! food ( ! ,nile ,goose is ( a v promiscu\s "*2 l our own ,wild ,geese x may be se5 graz+ 9 ! fields ^u all sorts ( vegetables2 aft] ! mann] ( ,ducks x obta9s nutrim5t f ! mud ( %all[ pools1 & w ev5 dive to ! bottom ( riv]s 9 se>* ( :at is !re procurable4 ,at c]ta9 seasons ! "y birds are passionately fond ( locu/s1 & nei!r old nor "y h ! slighte/ objection to animal food2 !y d n1 h[ev]1 appe> to eat fi%es4 ,x may occasionally happ5 9 places :]e no trees are to be met ) t ^! birds con/ruct _! ne/s ^u ! gr\nd1 b :]ev] !re are woods com+ to ! wat]'s edge1 or ev5 s+le trees ( suitable dim5sions1 _! ne/s mu/ be look$ = among ! bran*es4 ,9 ,africa !y g5]ally select = ?is purpose ! ?orny mimosa1 kn[n among ! ,arabs z ! ,h>ahsi4 ,_! ne/ is v g5]ally con/ruct$ ( bran*es d]iv$ f ! tree itself1 int]-mix$ ) small] twigs1 & w>mly l9$ ) grasses4 ,! numb] ( eggs1 accord+ to our own exp]i5ce1 v>ies f f\r to six2 our black hunt]s nev]!less ass]t$ t !y _h tak5 t5 or twelve f a s+le ne/4 ,! eggs are ( v r\nd %ape1 ?ick-%ell$1 smoo?1 & ( a yell[i% or greyi% :ite col\r4 ,! bre$+-"t ( ^! birds v>ies accord+ to ! season4 ,9 ,egypt bre$+ comm5ces ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,f individuals kept 9 conf9em5t we h asc]ta9$ t ! p]iod ( incubation ext5ds ov] tw5ty-sev5 or tw5ty-eight days1 & t only ! female sits ^u ! eggs4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,g&] keeps c>eful wat*1 sitt+ con/antly close to 8 mate & giv+ timely w>n+ ( ! approa* ( any intrud]4 ,once a day1 & t always 9 ! aft]noon1 ! bre$+ female leaves h] ne/1 hav+ previ\sly cov]$ h] eggs w>mly ) d[n4 ,! "y are able to run ab\t imm$iately aft] leav+ ! egg1 & on ! slighte/ al>m hurry at once into ! wat]1 :]e !y imm$iately dive2 _! education v mu* resembles t ( ! gosl+s ( ! ,grey ,goose4 ,9 ,egypt ! ,nile ,goose is mu* s\ght aft] bo? by ,turks & ,europeans4 ,its fle% diff]s little z an article ( food f t ( ! ,wild ,geese2 t ( ! "y birds is excell5t1 b ! old are h>d & t\gh1 nev]!less !y make capital s\p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,dw>f ,,geese 7,nettapus7 =m a di/9ct gr\p1 ^: memb]s occupy ,s\? ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,au/ralia4 ,^! birds are *>act]is$ by _! small beak1 :i* is high at ! base1 slopes gradually to ! tip1 & is furni%$ ) v %ort1 broad d5ticulations2 _! w+s are abruptly r\nd$1 & _! tail compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nile ,,goose 7,*5alopex gyptiacus74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,bodi$ ,,goose ,,teal4 ,! ,,:ite-,,bodi$ ,,goose ,,teal 7,nettapus ,corom&elianus7 is black on ! cr[n ( ! head1 & ( a magnific5t gre5 %ad$ ) purple ov] ! entire mantle2 ! face1 back ( ! head1 neck1 & "u side are pure :ite2 ! ?roat is p>tially encircl$ by a black b&2 ! fea!rs on ! belly & ! l[] tail-cov]s are spott$ ) black & :ite1 ^? ( ! upp] cov]s are greyi% br[n ) light spots1 ! tail-fea!rs blacki% br[n2 ! extremities ( ! prim>y quills are spott$ ) :ite1 ! l[] second>ies exhibit simil> b small] spots1 :il/ ! upp] second>ies are m>k$ ) black2 ! eye is r$2 ! beak black2 & ! foot gre5i% br[n2 dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation ! latt] is spott$ ) black4 ,?is small ,goose is n m ?an ?irte5 or f\rte5 in*es long1 ! w+ measures six in*es & a half1 & ! tail ?ree & a qu>t]4 ,9 ! plumage ( ! female ! br[n is less conspicu\s1 & ! mantle comp>atively lu/reless2 h] quills are also )\t any :ite spots2 ! sides ( ! w+s & tail-cov]s are pale br[n2 ! fea!rs on ! nape are m>k$ ) d>k l9es1 ^? ( ! "u side ) dirty :ite1 & ! ?ighs ) pale grey4 ,?is mo/ beautiful little ,goose1 accord+ to ,j]don1 is met ) 9 ,india1 z also 9 ,ceylon1 & on ! ,malay ,p59sula4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,india x is v num]\s1 b is r>e 9 ! ,nor?-we/ ,prov9ces4 ,its fav\rite resorts are ponds cov]$ ) re$s & ri* 9 grass1 & ^u ^! x may sometimes be se5 9 num]\s flocks4 ,its flight is rapid1 & :5 ^u ! w+ x utt]s a l\d peculi> cry4 ,accord+ to ,bly? x walks badly1 & aft] mak+ a few /eps regul>ly squats d[n2 h5ce x is possible1 or r probable1 t 9 a wild /ate x seldom comes ^u dry l&4 ,s long z x has n suff]$ p]secution x is extremely tame & tru/ful4 ,x makes its ne/ 9 ! cavity ( "s old holl[ tree1 or occasionally 9 ru9s or old walls1 sometimes at a di/ance f ! wat]4 ,! small eggs1 :i* are eight1 t51 or m 9 numb]1 h a :ite %ell4 ,! "y are at fir/ clad 9 a coat ( ?ick grey d[n1 & almo/ imm$iately aft] _! bir? !y are lit]ally ca/ out ( ! ne/ by _! p>5ts1 :o at once conduct !m to ! ne>e/ pond4 ,we are told by "o obs]v] t only ! female broods1 :ile ! ,g&] amuses himself 9 ! society ( o!rs ( 8 own sex4 ,j]don1 h[ev]1 d\bts ?is /atem5t1 or at lea/ t su* is always ! case1 bas+ 8 scruples ^u ! fact t 9 m ?an "o in/ance he has se5 bo? male & female fly toge!r f ! tree 9 :i* _! ne/ 0 situat$4 ,! fle% ( ^! ,geese is n mu* e/eem$2 nev]!less x is said t at c]ta9 seasons x is tol]ably good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c]eopsis ,,geese4 ,,! ,,c]eopsis ,,goose4 ,! ,,c]eopsis ,,goose 7,c]eopsis ,nov-,holl&i7 is recognisable by its p[]ful body1 ?ick %ort neck1 small head1 & %ort /rong beak1 :i* is high at ! base1 & cov]$ ) a c]e almo/ to ! blunt & hook$ extremity4 ,! webb$ feet h long t>si1 %ort toes1 & l>ge p[]ful claws4 ,9 ! broad w+s ! %\ld]-quills are well develop$4 ,! tail is %ort & r\nd$2 ! ?ick plumage is ( a beautiful d>k grey1 %ad$ ) br[n4 ,! cr[n ( ! head is some:at light]1 & ! back decorat$ ) r\nd1 blacki% br[n spots1 situat$ at ! tips ( "s ( ! fea!rs4 ,! l[] halves ( ! second>y quills & tail-fea!rs are also br[ni% black4 ,! eye is sc>let1 ! beak black1 ! c]e gre5i% yell[1 & ! foot blacki%4 ,! female resembles h] mate 9 ! coloration ( h] plumage1 b is recognisable by h] inf]ior size4 ,! ,c]eopsis ,goose1 ! only memb] ( ! family to :i* x belongs1 is "o ( ^? extraord9>y birds t at once arre/ ! att5tion ( ! travell]4 ,n _m ye>s ago ! localities :]e x 0 ! mo/ num]\s appe> to h be5 ! isl&s 9 ,bass's ,/raits4 ,labill>dire relates t ! fir/ specim5s he obta9$ 7 captur$ by ! sailors ) _! h&s2 & ,fl9d]s tells u t "o ( 8 boat's crew kill$ a great numb] ) %ort /icks1 & took sev]al alive4 ,bailly n only confirm$ ^! acc\nts1 b /ates t ^? he saw c\ld be easily run 9 ^u & captur$ )\t tr\ble4 ,all ! above navigators speak ( ! fle% z be+ excell5t1 mu* bett]1 inde$1 ?an t ( ,european ,geese1 & seem to h prosecut$ ! *ase ) consid]able ard\r4 ,z a necess>y consequ5ce1 lat] visitors f\nd n only t ! bird 0 no long] pl5tiful1 b t f _m ( ^! isl&s x _h be5 completely extirpat$4 ,g\ld1 :o %ot a pair on ,isabella ,isl&1 nev]!less ?9ks t sev]al ( !m may yet exi/ ^u unvisit$ p>ts ( ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,au/ralia4 ,an old ,bu%man1 h[ev]1 rem>ks t on ! ,au/ralian cont95t he only saw !m twice--9 "o case !re 0 a small flock1 & 9 ! o!r only two birds1 :i* 7 9 company ) "s o!r ,geese4 ,! ,c]eopsis1 or ,h5 ,goose1 z x is call$1 lives1 z might be expect$ f su* an appellation1 mu* m on dry l& ?an on ! wat]4 ,x walks well1 & swims badly2 inde$1 judg+ f individuals kept 9 our ,zoological ,g>d5s1 x seldom ent]s ! wat] ( its own free w4 ,its flight1 likewise1 is p]=m$ ) difficulty1 & is rem>kably heavy4 ,its voice is a dull buzz+ s\nd1 v unlike ! cry ( a ,goose4 ,we h b scanty in=mation respect+ ! habits ( ^! birds 9 _! wild /ate2 b f _! behavi\r 9 captivity x is easy to =m an idea ( _! usual mode ( life4 ,9 its av]sion to wat] ! ,c]eopsis diff]s f all o!r ,geese4 ,except :5 driv5 into a pond1 x sp5ds its :ole "t on l&1 devot+ ! morn+ & ev5+ to ! procuration ( food1 b repos+ dur+ ! heat ( ! day & ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,x is seldom se5 9 company ) o!r species2 inde$1 its disposition is ev5 m qu>relsome & imp]i\s ?an t ( ! ,nile ,goose4 ,a pair ( ^! birds1 :5 plac$ among o!r wat]-f[l1 beg9 9 a v %ort "t to assume unlimit$ au?ority1 & _! behavi\r becomes 7especially dur+ ! bre$+ season7 absolutely insupportable4 ,nev]!less1 !y soon le>n to recognise _! keep]s1 to :om !y exhibit consid]able atta*m5t4 ,9 ,new ,holl& !y w\ld long ago h be5 numb]$ among ! inhabitants ( e f>my>d _h x n be5 = ?is unbe>able conduct4 ,su* z h be5 br\ght to ,europe h aga9 & aga9 hat*$ & re>$ a num]\s prog5y1 s t ) u !y might readily be acclimatis$4 ,"o pr9cipal ob/acle to _! bre$+ 9 ! nor? is ! contr>iety ( ! seasons4 ,9 ,au/ralia !y bre$ 9 ! spr+1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 corresponds ) our autumn2 s t 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ! "y brood1 becom+ at once expos$ to ! rig\rs ( w9t]1 n unfrequ5tly p]i%4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 already le>nt t ^? birds t h lo/ _! eggs bre$ aga9 9 ,febru>y1 h5ce 9 ! succe$+ mon?s !re is e reason to suppose ! "y may be re>$ )\t difficulty4 ,dur+ pair+ "t ! affection ( ! sexes t[>ds ea* o!r is unmi/akable4 ,! ,g&] walks ar\nd 8 mate ) graceful salutations1 keeps vigilant wat* ov] h] safety1 & resolutely drives away all o!r intrud]s1 great & small1 t may happ5 to approa* ! doma9 :i* he has select$4 ,! c>e ( con/ruct+ ! ne/ appe>s to devolve ^u ! female1 :o always selects ! be/ mat]ials )9 h] rea*2 &1 al?\gh ! result ( h] lab\rs is n an arti/ically-con/ruct$ cradle1 x is consid]ably m s ?an ! ne/s ( ! g5]ality ( ,geese1 its int]ior be+ smoo?ly r\nd$ & com=tably l9$ ) fea!rs4 ,! eggs are comp>atively small1 some:at r\nd 9 %ape1 smoo?-%ell$1 & ( a yell[i% :ite col\r4 ,f obs]vations made 9 ,p>is we f\nd ! duration ( incubation to ext5d ov] ?irty days2 9 a cold] climate x is some:at long]4 ,9 ! p>k ( our fri5d1 ,m4 ,cornly1 9 ,belgium1 ?irty-eight days elaps$ be=e ! "y escap$ f _! %ell4 ,on ! v day ( _! escape !y ran aft] _! "m1 pick+ up food f among ! grass4 ,!y refus$ to eat h>d-boil$ eggs1 *opp$ e>?worms1 & o!r k9ds ( animal food1 & w\ld n ev5 t\* :ite bread1 conf9+ !mselves exclusively1 z x appe>$1 to gre5 vegetables4 ,no soon] are ! "y hat*$ ?an ! pugnacity ( ! ,g&] displays itself 9 full =ce2 he seems to fe> no?+1 & attacks a man ) z mu* animosity z he exhibits t[>ds e o!r animal t intrudes ^u 8 privacy4 ,i consid]$ my ,g&] bad en\gh be=e1 writes ,m4 ,cornly1 b n[ ,i ?9k he mu/ be mad4 ,he attacks e liv+ ?+ indiscrim9ately4 ,"o ( my l>ge ,cranes happ5$ to come 9 8 way2 he flew at him1 & al?\gh ! keep] 0 n a hundr$ y>ds (f1 & ran z fa/ z he c\ld to "p !m1 ! poor ,crane 0 kill$ be=e he c\ld int]f]e4 ,"o night ! ,g&] got into ! /able :]e ano!r ( ^! birds 0 kept1 & 9 ! morn+ ! body ( ! ,crane 0 f\nd almo/ hack$ to pieces4 ,h[ev] ornam5tal ^! ,geese may be1 x is evid5t t x is only :]e !y h pl5ty ( room to !mselves & are n likely to int]f]e ) o!r animals1 t !y are eligible subjects = dome/ication4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ruddy ,,%eldrake1 ,,or ,,brahm9y ,,duck 7,cas>ca rutila74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,,ducks 7,anates7 con/itute ! mo/ num]\s & v>i$ family ( ! entire ord]1 & are at once di/+ui%able f ! ,geese by ! flatness ( _! feet1 & f ! ,swans by ! %ortness ( _! necks4 ,9 ^! birds ! body is %ort & broad1 ! neck %ort or mod]ately long1 & ! head ?ick2 ! beak1 :i* is ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 is ei!r ( uni=m bread?1 or is highe/ t[>ds ! tip2 ! base ( ! bill is m or less high1 & 9 "s in/ances furni%$ ) an excresc5ce2 ! upp] m&ible is ar*$1 & projects s f> ov] ! sides ( ! l[] "o z p>tially to enclose x2 ! m>g9s ( bo? m&ibles are %>ply d5ticulat$2 ! weak flat foot1 :i* is plac$ v f> back1 has ! c5tre toe z long z ! t>sus2 ! h9d toe is well develop$1 & 9 "s species furni%$ ) a membran\s lobe2 ! claws are weak2 9 ! mod]ate-siz$1 n>r[1 & po9t$ w+ ! second quill is ! longe/2 ! %ort broad tail is compos$ ( f f\rte5 to tw5ty fea!rs1 & is ei!r r\nd$ or po9t$ at its extremity4 ,! plumage1 :i* is ri*1 smoo?1 & ?ickly int]sp]s$ ) d[n1 v>ies 9 col\r accord+ to ! sex or age ( ! bird2 t ( ! male is m or less brilliant1 & t ( ! female ( comp>atively sombre hue4 ,! memb]s ( ?is family1 reg>d$ g5]ally1 are to be met ) 9 e climate2 ! numb] ( species is1 h[ev]1 great] 9 w>m ?an 9 cold latitudes1 :ile on ! contr>y 9 nor!rn regions individuals ( ! same species sw>m 9 imm5se numb]s4 ,ducks frequ5t bo? fre% & salt wat]1 be+ sometimes met ) on m\nta9 lakes to a consid]able elevation2 at ! approa* ( w9t] !y migrate to s\!rn latitudes1 (t5 9 incalculable ho/s4 ,9 ! ext5t ( _! migrations "s species emulate ! ,swall[ itself1 :ile o!rs w&] no fur!r ?an is absolutely necess>y 9 ord] to obta9 food4 ,^! migrations are g5]ally comm5c$ at sunset2 t[>ds midnight ! birds alight ^u "s expanse ( wat]1 & aft] re/+ = a few h\rs recomm5ce _! j\rney 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,_! flight is conduct$ ei!r 9 "o long /r+ or 9 a w$ge-l phalanx4 ,! p[] ( locomotion display$ by ^! birds is v v>i\s2 "s species c walk ^u dry gr\nd almo/ z well z ! ,geese1 :ile o!rs waddle along ) consid]able difficulty4 ,all are excell5t swimm]s1 b !y only dive exceptionally1 & ) consid]able ef=t4 ,_! flight is accompli%$ by rapid movem5ts ( _! w+s1 & !y are able to rise z easily f ! surface ( ! wat] z f ! gr\nd4 ,ducks subsi/ ^u bo? animal & vegetable food2 "s1 h[ev]1 pref] ! =m]1 :ile o!rs conf9e !mselves to ! latt] diet4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p monogam\s1 & g5]ally associate dur+ ! bre$+ season 9 great numb]s2 a circum/ance 9 :i* !y diff] rem>kably f ! ,swans & ,geese4 ,"s build _! ne/s 9 holes 9 ! gr\nd or 9 ! clefts ( rocks2 o!rs 9 holl[ trees1 or ev5 among ! bran*es1 "s mak+ use ( ! des]t$ ne/s ( l& birds2 :ile o!rs build ^u ! gr\nd a rude /ructure compos$ ( /alks & leaves1 w>mly l9$ ) d[n4 ,! numb] ( eggs v>ies 9 diff]5t species f six to sixte52 ! p]iod ( incubation ext5ds f tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-f\r days4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cf4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,cas>ca ,,rutila ,,ruddy ,,%ieldrake 7ab\t #a_/c ,nat4 size7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%eldrake 7,vulpans] ladorna74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,ruddy ,,%eldrake1 ,,or ,,brahm9y ,,duck4 ,! ,,ruddy ,,%eldrake1 or ,,brahm9y ,,duck 7,cas>ca rutila71 repres5ts a gr\p possess+ sl5d] bodies1 mod]ate-siz$ w+s1 & some:at rem>kably col\r$ plumage1 :i* diff]s b little 9 ! sexes4 ,9 ?is species ! body is almo/ entirely ( a bright ru/-r$2 ! *eek is yell[i% :ite2 ! neck r$di% yell[2 ! w+ is decorat$ ) a glossy gre5 pat*1 & has its cov]s ( a pure :ite2 ! m>g9s ( ! w+s1 upp] tail-cov]s1 quills1 & tail1 are glossy gre5i% black4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ! male has a cle>ly-def9$ b& ( gre5i% black on ! l[] ?roat2 ! female r>ely exhibits ?is coll>1 & is small] ?an h] mate2 h] entire plumage is also less brightly col\r$1 & h] face ( a :iti% %ade2 ! eye is light br[n2 ! beak black2 & ! foot lead-grey4 ,?is species is f tw5ty-f\r in*es to tw5ty-five in*es long & =ty-f\r in*es broad2 ! w+ measures sixte5 in*es1 & ! tail sev5 in*es4 ,! ,ruddy ,%eldrakes inhabit ,c5tral ,asia1 & f !nce spread 9 an ea/]ly direction to ! ,upp] ,amoor1 & we/w>ds z f> z ,morocco4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! w&]+s !y are pretty regul> visitants to ,greece & ,s\? ,italy4 ,z w9t] gue/s !y are well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! ,indian ,p59sula1 & are by no means uncommon ^u ! lakes ( ,egypt4 ,9 ,tunis1 ,algi]s1 & ,morocco !y are abundant1 b d n app>5tly ext5d _! range into ! int]ior ( ,africa4 ,! gait ( ?is beautiful bird is light & elegant2 x does n waddle z mo/ ,ducks d1 b /eps out l a ,goose2 x is an excell5t swimm]1 & ^u an em]g5cy dives ) facility4 ,its flight is /rong & endur+1 & its voice l\d1 b by no means unpleas+4 ,its food consi/s pr9cipally ( vegetable mat]ials2 ,j]don1 inde$1 says he has be5 told t x w sometimes eat c>rion1 b adds t he has nev] se5 x s employ$1 ?\gh he has (t5 obs]v$ x fe$+ 9 fields ( corn4 ,until ! approa* ( ! bre$+ season ! ,brahm9y ,ducks live v peaceably 9 company ) o!r swimm+ birds1 b ab\t t "t !y become v pugnaci\s & qu>relsome4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april or ! beg9n+ ( ,may ! diff]5t pairs retire to _! appropriate ne/+-places1 :i* are g5]ally 9 holes 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 ,nor?-we/ ,africa1 ,calv9 f\nd "o ( _! ne/s 9 ! cleft ( a p]p5dicul> rock1 :i* _h likewise be5 ! ne/+-place ( ,rob9s1 ,kites1 & ,vultures4 ,9 ,sib]ia !y n unfrequ5tly build 9 ! holes ( ,sib]ian m>mots1 & occasionally 9 holl[ trees4 ,! ne/1 :i* is compos$ ( dry grass & l9$ ) d[n1 usually conta9s f f\r to six r\ndi% ?9-%ell$ eggs1 ( a glossy :ite or yell[i% :ite4 ,z soon z ! "y brood are suffici5tly dry aft] _! escape f ! %ell !y leap f ! ne/ & make _! way to ! ne>e/ pond1 :]e1 "u ! c>eful sup]9t5d5ce ( _! p>5ts1 !y pass ! e>li] "p ( _! lives4 ,at fir/ !y are clad 9 a suit ( d[n1 :i* is br[ni% grey ^u ! upp] "p ( ! body ) ! exception ( a :iti% spot ^u ! brea/2 ! l[] surface is ( a dirty :ite4 ,pallas /ates t 9 ,mongolia ^! birds are reg>d$ z sacr$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,%eldrakes 7,vulpans]7 diff] f ! above birds 9 ! =mation ( _! beak1 ! comp>ative %ortness ( _! w+s & legs1 & 9 ! coloration ( _! plumage4 ,9 ?is gr\p ! upp] m&ible is broade/ t[>ds its extremity1 & 9 ! male exhibits an excresc5ce at its base1 :i* swells consid]ably dur+ ! bre$+ season1 & aft]w>ds almo/ entirely disappe>s4 ,,! ,,common ,,%eldrake4 ,! ,,common ,,%eldrake 7,vulpans] tadorna7 is a beautiful bird1 ) head & neck ( d>k glossy gre54 ,! %\ld]s exhibit two l>ge black spots2 a pat* on ! brea/1 ! c5tre ( ! back1 ! w+-cov]s1 side ( ! body & upp] portion ( ! tail are pure :ite4 ,! c5tre ( ! brea/ & belly are greyi% black2 a broad b& on ! neck1 & "s ( ! upp] second>ies are ( a bright r$di% br[n4 ,! l[] tail-cov]s are yell[i%2 ! quills blacki% grey1 & ! w+s decorat$ ) a metallic gre5 pat*4 ,! eye is d>k ru/-r$1 ! beak c>m9e-r$1 & foot fle%-br[n4 ,?is species is two feet long1 & ?ree feet & a half broad2 ! w+ measures f\rte5 in*es1 & ! tail f\r in*es & a half4 ,! female is simil>ly b less beautifully col\r$4 ,9 "y birds ! nape is grey1 ! upp] "p ( ! back & "u side are yell[i% grey2 !re is also no b& ^u _! brea/s4 ,! range ( ! ,%eldrake ext5ds nor? to ab\t ! middle ( ,sw$51 & s\? z f> z ,nor? ,africa1 :]e !y are to be met ) on e lake dur+ ! w9t]1 & make _! appe>ance 9 c\ntless multitudes4 ,!y are likewise num]\s ^u ! coa/s ( ,*9a & ,japan1 z well z ^u ! great lakes ( ,sib]ia & ,c5tral ,asia2 nev]!less1 !y decid$ly pref] salt wat] to fre%1 & are always mo/ abundant ^u ! sea itself1 or ^u salt-wat] lakes4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ^! birds are indig5\s1 & bre$ ^u e "p ( ! coa/4 ,ev5 9 ext5sive collections ( wat]-f[l1 :]e v>i\s species ( ,ducks are se5 9 close proximity to ea* o!r1 ! ,%eldrakes are conspicu\sly beautiful2 b :5 se5 swimm+ on ! sea or cr[d+ ! surface ( "s l>ge lake1 ! eye is en*ant$ ) ! v>iety & elegance ( _! movem5ts4 ,9 ,africa !y add an unspeakable *>m to ! lake sc5]y1 ! brilliancy & livel9ess ( _! col\rs r5d]+ !m prom95t objects at a v consid]able di/ance4 ,ev5 ^u ! isl&s ne> ,s*leswig1 ,jutl&1 & ,d5m>k1 :]e !y are almo/ h\sehold birds1 !y inv>iably call =? ! admiration ( ! behold]4 ,9 _! g5]al habits !y be> "s resemblance to ! ,brahm9y ,ducks be=e describ$2 _! gait1 h[ev]1 is some:at heavi]1 & !y swim ) great] facility4 ,9 _! voices !re is no resemblance :atev] betwe5 ! two species4 ,! call-note ( ! female is a l\d ,quack1 & t ( ! male a deep ,ko]1 :ile dur+ ! pair+ season !y give utt]ance to a peculi> :i/le4 ,_! food is pref]ably vegetable1 consi/+ ( ! t5d] p>ts ( seawe$s & o!r plants :i* ab\nd 9 salt wat]2 !y w likewise eat grass1 & :5 9 conf9em5t occasionally dev\r small fi%es1 molluscs1 & small cru/aceans2 nei!r d !y altoge!r refuse fle%4 ,^! birds seek _! food less by swimm+ ?an by wad+4 ,z ! tide rec$es !y may be se5 runn+ l %ore-birds j at ! m>g9 ( ! wat]1 & c>efully exam9+ ! cont5ts ( e little pool4 ,dur+ ! morn+ !y visit ! fields1 9 ord] to hunt = insects & grubs1 z well z = vegetable matt]2 !y sometimes = a l purpose resort to m>%es & swampy places4 ,! ,common ,%eldrakes con/ruct _! ne/s only 9 holes or burr[s excavat$ 9 ! e>?4 ,:oev] has be5 mu* 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sea-coa/1 says ,bod9us1 w probably h obs]v$ ) surprise t a pair or two ( ^! birds1 se5 at ! di/ance ( half a mile or s1 9 "s op5 spot1 sudd5ly disappe> 9 a mo/ unacc\ntable mann]1 & on visit+ ! place w f9d t !y h tak5 refuge und]gr\nd1 9 "s hole =m$ by a fox1 badg]1 or rabbit2 nay1 m1 t !y h positively tak5 up _! abode 9 ?is /range locality ev5 :ile its =midable f\r-foot$ occupant is actually 9 possession ( ! premises4 ,x is n[ an und5iable fact1 e/abli%$ by ! concurr5t te/imony ( num]\s obs]v]s1 t ! ,%eldrake & ! fox n unfrequ5tly dwell 9 ! same hole1 & t ! latt]1 :o sp>es no o!r bird1 does n mole/ or injure its adv5tur\s lodg]4 ,we h c]ta9ly n be5 able to v]ify ?is /atem5t by p]sonal obs]vations1 & h moreov] f\nd on "o occasion ! w+s & fea!rs ( a ,%eldrake ly+ close to a hole inhabit$ by a fox2 b !re 0 no?+ to %[ t ! fox _h be5 ! murd]]1 ev5 "u circum/ances s suspici\s1 see+ t ! spot 0 9 ! vic9ity ( a wood mu* frequ5t$ by ,hawks & o!r birds ( prey4 ,7 we ask$ :y ! blood?ir/y quadrup$ %\ld ?us sp>e ! poor ,duck1 we %\ld confid5tly reply t x 0 on acc\nt ( ! extraord9>y c\rage ( ! bird4 ,we h ourselves se5 a "y ,%eldrake1 n _m days old1 def5d itself valor\sly aga9/ animals ( l>ge size1 su* z f[ls1 small dogs1 & rabbits4 ,in/ead ( runn+ away1 x %[$ a bold front1 hold+ its neck out/ret*$1 angrily repell+ e attack1 & nev] seem+ to ?9k ( retreat+ until its assailant _h retir$4 ,! old birds1 m especially dur+ ! bre$+ season1 are equally c\rage\s2 ! male /&s bravely =w>d1 & confronts 8 oppon5t ) l\d hisses1 until1 daunt$ by 8 angry1 ?reat5+ demean\r1 ! enemy sneaks away4 ,hav+ put 8 adv]s>y to flight1 he returns to 8 mate1 :o /&s up nobly to assi/ h] sp\se1 & bo? give utt]ance to _! mutual congratulations ov] ! victory 9 l\d screams & frequ5t c>esses4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! bre$+ ( ^! birds1 by ! =e/] ,grmelbe91 w be read ) int]e/4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,may1 ,grmelbe91 :ile busily employ$ 9 a wood at "s di/ance f ! coa/1 obs]v$ a pair ( ,%eldrakes t flew ar\nd 8 p>ty sev]al times 9 succession1 & z (t5 flew t[>ds & alight$ on a hill ( s& at "s little di/ance1 :]e ! male always /ation$ himself z if to keep wat*1 :ile ! female leisurely ent]$ a hole1 9 :i* %e rema9$ ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,:5 %e aga9 came to ! surface %e approa*$ h] mate1 & aft] app>5tly hold+ a consultation !y bo? took a circul> flight into "s neighb\r+ fields1 :]e !y alight$ on spots q remote f ea* o!r1 evid5tly = ! purpose ( mislead+ anyone :o might be wat*+ _! movem5ts4 ,on obs]v+ ?is manuvre1 ,grmelbe9 ha/5$ to ! hill1 & !re f\nd ! hole ( a fox1 at ! entrance ( :i* 7 num]\s footm>ks ( ! fox & ( ! ,ducks1 toge!r ) rec5t excreta f bo?4 ,aft] wat*+ ! birds1 h[ev]1 = "s days1 x 0 discov]$ t1 ) ! view ( deceiv+ ! m51 !y _h only made a pret5ce ( hav+ _! ne/ 9 ! hole above m5tion$1 & t _! real resid5ce 0 ano!r mu* l>g] excavation1 9 ! jo9t occupation ( a bit*-fox & a badg]4 ,?is second hole be+ c>efully wat*$1 x 0 se5 t ! badg] 0 9 ! habit ( walk+ 9 & out ( 8 abode1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly f\nd to be t5 feet deep1 )\t tr\bl+ himself at all ab\t 8 fea!r$ visitors1 ^: footm>ks 7 traceable to a dep? ( sev5 feet4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 o!r holes belong+ to ! same d51 ?r\gh :i* ! fox 0 also 9 ! habit ( pass+4 ,! gr\nd be=e ^! entrances 0 trampl$ smoo? by ! feet ( ! ,ducks1 & z cle>ly impress$ ) ! footm>ks ( ! fox4 ,on p]ceiv+ ?is1 ,grmelbe9 conceal$ himself beh9d a wall 9 su* a mann] z to be able to wat* all _! proce$+s1 nor _h he long to wait be=e he saw ! sly ,%eldrakes pay+ _! accu/om$ visit to ! lab\r]s & ! s&-hill above m5tion$2 aft] :i*1 fly+ close to ! gr\nd1 !y came to ! real ne/+-place1 :51 aft] c>efully look+ ar\nd !m1 !y walk$ into ! fox-hole z quietly & unconsci\sly z ,ducks 9 a f>my>d w\ld g to _! roo/+-place4 ,!re !y rema9$ ab\t half an h\r1 :5 !y aga9 made _! appe>ance1 climb$ ha/ily to ! top ( ! hill b5ea? :i* ! d5 0 situat$1 & f9d+1 z !y ?\ght1 ! coa/ cle>1 flew (f to ! mead[s4 ,9 ! ,isl& ( ,sylt & o!rs (f ! coa/ ( ,s*leswig1 ! inhabitants con/ruct artificial burr[s1 cov]$ ) movable lids1 ne> :i* at ! prop] season !y place quantities ( broom & moss1 s t ! com+ birds may f9d ev]y?+ ready4 ,^! consequ5tly take up _! abode 9 ! prep>$ burr[s )\t ! slighte/ scruple1 & t sometimes q close to ! h\ses ( _! own]s2 nay1 !y at l5g? become s famili>is$ ) _! keep]s t !y may be said to be 9 a /ate ( semi-dome/ication4 ,9 ^! burr[s ! females1 if n di/urb$1 w lay f sev5 to twelve l>ge1 smoo?1 :ite1 ?9-%ell$ eggs2 b if ! eggs are gradually tak5 f ! ne/1 z !y are at ,sylt1 ! females w g on lay+ till !y h laid tw5ty or ?irty4 ,:5 ! "m bird beg9s to sit1 %e c>efully surr\nds h] eggs ) d[n1 & :5 %e leaves h] ne/ cov]s !m ) ! same w>m mat]ial4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ab\t tw5ty-six days1 ! "y make _! appe>ance1 & soon foll[ _! "m to ! neighb\r+ moors1 g5]ally /opp+1 h[ev]1 to h a swim 9 a pond ( fre% wat] t is f\nd on ! road ?i!r4 ,to ! inhabitants ( ,sylt & o!r isl&s 9 ! ,nor? ,sea1 x appe>s1 !re=e1 t ! ,%eldrakes are objects ( consid]able att5tion4 ,! eggs s]ve z important additions to _! table2 & ! d[n f _! ne/s1 sc>cely inf]ior to t ( ! ,eid]1 is extremely valuable4 ,! fle% ( ^! birds is n mu* e/eem$1 hav+ a rancid or oily ta/e & a disagreeable smell2 !y are !re=e nev] kill$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are protect$ by ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s !y frequ5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,tree ,,ducks 7,d5drocygna7 =m a gr\p hav+ a high sl5d] body1 mod]ately long neck1 delicately-%ap$ head1 & weak bill2 ! legs are long1 ! w+s blunt1 ) ! ?ird & f\r? quills long] ?an ! re/2 ! tail is r\nd$ at its extremity1 & ! plumage v>iegat$4 ,,! ,,wid[ ,,duck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wid[ ,,duck 7,d5drocygna viduata74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,,wid[ ,,duck 7,d5drocygna viduata7 has ! face & ?roat :ite1 %ad$ ) r$di% br[n on ! br[ & *eeks2 ! back ( head1 nape1 & sides ( ! neck are bright r$di% br[n2 ! sides ( ! brea/ & ! back r$di% olive1 d>kly spott$ & m>k$2 ! long l[] %\ld]-fea!rs are olive-br[n edg$ ) yell[i% :ite2 ! l[] back1 c5tre ( tail1 & entire "u side bel[ ! brea/ are black2 ! sides ( ! body are greyi% :ite1 /rip$ ) blacki% br[n2 ! upp] w+-cov]s are bright r$di% br[n2 second>y quills olive-br[n1 ) gre5 edges1 & ! quills & tail-fea!rs gre5i% black2 ! eye is r$di% br[n1 beak black1 ) a d>k grey /ripe ne> its nail-l tip2 ! foot is lead-grey4 ,?is species is eighte5 in*es long & ?irty-two in*es broad2 ! w+ measures eight in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s1 ! tail two in*es & two-?irds4 ,! female closely resembles h] mate4 ,all travell]s :o h visit$ ,s\? ,am]ica describe ?is bird z occurr+ 9 amaz+ multitudes1 m especially 9 ! m>%y gr\nds ( ! prairies2 & travell]s 9 ,africa ass]t t x is equally abundant 9 ! s\!rn & we/]n regions ( t cont95t4 ,^u ! ,upp] ,blue ,nile we h ourselves sev]al times met ) x 9 extraord9>ily l>ge flocks1 :i*1 9 closely-pack$ ranks1 cov]$ ! banks ( ! riv] to a great di/ance1 & :5 !y rose into ! air _h ! appe>ance ( a d5se cl\d4 ,heugl9 /ates t ! males & females ( ^! birds rema9 con/antly sep>ate f ea* o!r2 su* a /atem5t1 h[ev]1 we c positively contradict1 see+ t we h kill$ individuals ( bo? sexes at a s+le %ot4 ,we are by no means well in=m$ z to ! hi/ory ( ^! birds1 & ab\t _! mode ( bre$+ we "k little or no?+ c]ta9ly4 ,! ,wid[ ,duck is di/+ui%able among its cong5]s by a gait :i* sometimes resembles t ( a ,goose1 z also by ! heav9ess ( its flight1 b m p>ticul>ly by its pr$ilection = s&banks & s&y places ^u ! riv]side1 to :i*1 :5 driv5 away1 x inv>iably returns4 ,! ,pr9ce von ,wi$ tells u t at ,s]tong1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bahia1 x is v abundant 9 swampy1 ov]flood$ mead[s1 also 9 m>%es1 z well z 9 lakes & o!r op5 %eets ( wat]2 x is1 likewise1 (t5 to be se5 ^u ! sea-coa/4 ,z reg>ds ! latt] /atem5t1 h[ev]1 ,s*omburghk expressly says t he has nev] met ) x on ! sea-coa/1 b t 9 ! swamps ( ,savannah x is p>ticul>ly num]\s1 & ) ?is our exp]i5ce 9 ,africa q co9cides4 ,( _! behavi\r ,s*omburghk gives a v pleas+ sket*3--,! pretty little ,bisisi ,ducks1 says t writ]1 seem to be "u a ban 9 ?is neighb\rhood2 no soon] did we see a flock ( !m ?an m5 jump$ at once into ! wat] almo/ up to _! necks1 & began to %oot ) _! well-direct$ arr[s z rapidly z possible into ! ?icke/ "p ( ! flock4 ,if ! birds flew high1 s t !y c\ld see ! arr[s1 ! flock imm$iately p>t$1 j l a sw>m ( ,pass5g] ,pigeons :5 a ,hawk swoops ^u !m4 ,9 ! confusion ( _! flight !y broke ea* o!r's w+s1 & _m ( !m fell to ! gr\nd /unn$ & w\nd$4 ,:5 two flocks ( !m met1 ! hubbub 0 /ill great]4 ,i h on su* occasions se5 z _m z five or ev5 eight ( !m fall to ! gr\nd toge!r1 al?\gh only "o ( !m _h be5 hit by an arr[2 & :5 a flock ( !m1 "u su* circum/ances1 came )9 range ( my gun1 ,i h n unfrequ5tly br\ght d[n t5 or a doz5 ( !m at "o %ot4 ,we le>n fur!r f ,s*omburghk t ^! ,ducks are v easily tam$1 & ! ,indians g5]ally keep !m dome/icat$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! dwell+s4 ,,! ,,wild ,,duck4 ,! ,,wild ,,duck 7,anas bos*as7 repres5ts a gr\p *>act]is$ by _! p[]ful body1 %ort neck1 broad slightly-rais$ bill1 :i* t]m9ates 9 a decid$ly-curv$ & nail-l tip2 _! mod]ately high feet1 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! body1 & furni%$ ) long toes2 & _! r\nd$ tail--! fea!rs on ! upp] cov]s ( :i* curl upw>ds4 ,! coloration ( ! plumage v>ies consid]ably 9 ! sexes4 ,9 ! male bird ! head & upp] neck are gre52 ! =e "p ( ! brea/ is br[n1 %ad$ ) a v>iety ( t9ts2 ! %\ld]-fea!rs are greyi% :ite2 ! back is a mixture ( black & br[n2 ! upp] w+s are decorat$ ) a pat* ( f9e blue1 bord]$ ) :ite2 ! l[] back & rump are blacki% gre51 & ! re/ ( ! "u side greyi% :ite1 delicately l9$ ) black2 a n>r[ :ite b& divides ! gre5 ?roat f ! r$di% br[n brea/2 ! upp] w+-cov]s are blacki% gre51 ! l[] cov]s deep black1 & ! quills d>k grey4 ,! eye is light br[n1 beak gre5i% yell[1 & foot pale r$4 ,dur+ ! autumn ! male assumes a dress simil> to t ( ! female4 ,! latt] is r$di% grey1 d>kly spott$ on ! head & neck2 h] cr[n is blacki% br[n1 & back br[n1 its fea!rs m>k$ & edg$ ) v>i\s %ades ( grey1 yell[1 & black4 ,! l[] ?roat & crop are light *e/nut-br[n1 decorat$ ) black cresc5t-%ap$ pat*es2 ! re/ ( ! "u side is spott$ ) br[n4 ,?is f9e bird is tw5ty-f\r in*es long & =ty in*es broad2 ! w+ measures elev5 in*es & ! tail ?ree & a half4 ,! ,wild ,duck well des]ves ! epi!t ,communis1 appli$ to x by "s writ]s1 see+ t its range ext5ds n only ov] ! nor!rn hemisph]e 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,pole1 b dur+ ! w9t] ext5ds s\?w>ds to ! v v]ge ( ! torrid zone4 ,9 ! extreme nor? x mu/ be reg>d$ z a bird ( passage1 see+ t on ! approa* ( w9t] x migrates regul>ly t[>ds ! s\?1 return+ aga9 nor?w>ds :5 ! int5sity ( ! cold has abat$4 ,9 m s\!rn c\ntries x is m]ely a w&]]4 ,9 ,octob] & ,novemb] ! ,wild ,ducks assemble 9 l>ge flocks1 & comm5ce _! migrations t[>ds m hospitable climates2 mo/ ( !m make _! way z f> z ,italy1 ,greece1 & ,spa92 "s ev5 visit ,nor!rn ,africa1 or correspond+ latitudes on ! ,asiatic cont95t4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ! lakes ( ,s\!rn ,europe !y may ab\t ?is "t be se5 arriv+ 9 flocks ( ?\s&s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 :5 !y alight ^u ! wat]1 cov]+ a space ( half a squ>e league 9 ext5t2 & :5 !y rise all at once into ! air1 produc+ a ru%+ s\nd1 audible at a great di/ance1 & resembl+ ! ro> ( ! surf on a /orm-beat5 %ore4 ,9 ,febru>y1 or at ! late/ 9 ,m>*1 !y comm5ce _! return j\rney1 h5ce !y are sometimes call$ on ! ,cont95t ,m>* ,ducks4 ,x is only occasionally t !y are to be se5 ^u ! sea-coa/4 ,^! mu/ be consid]$ z /rictly belong+ to ! race ( fre%-wat] ,ducks1 & x is to lakes & ponds ?ickly cov]$ ) s$ges & wat]-plants t !y mo/ g5]ally resort4 ,wat]s :i* are "h & !re free f h]bage1 m especially if ov]hung at ! sides ) bu%es & m>%-plants1 af=d !m _! fav\rite resort1 & x is 9 su* places t !y g5]ally pass ! w9t] & re> _! prog5y2 9 simil> localities !y likewise procure ! great] "p ( _! food1 & f !nce make little excursions to ! ponds & lakes1 dit*es & fields1 t may happ5 to be 9 ! vic9ity4 ,!y are v seldom se5 ^u op5 wat]s1 b g5]ally seek ! %elt] ( little isl&s & %all[ places ov]gr[n ) wat]-plants1 :]e1 half runn+ & half wad+1 !y c se>* ) _! beaks = :atev] nutrim5t is to be f\nd4 ,wild ,ducks may be class$ ) ! mo/ glutton\s birds ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,!y dev\r ! leaves & t5d] tops ( wat]-plants1 ! buds1 "y %oots1 & ripe se$s1 be+ 9 turn equally acceptable2 & are likewise exce$+ly fond ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( corn & ( bulb\s roots4 ,!y1 moreov]1 eag]ly hunt aft] all sorts ( small animals1 f worms & snails to tadpoles1 frogs1 & fi%es2 !y seem1 inde$1 to be always suff]+ f ! pangs ( hung]1 & s long z !y are awake are con/antly endeav\r+ to alleviate !m4 ,9 _! g5]al habits ! ,wild ,ducks closely resemble our tame species1 :i* are 9 reality _! l9eal desc5dants2 ! tame ,ducks are1 h[ev]1 f> beh9d _! prog5itors 9 wat*fulness1 en]gy1 & vig\r4 ,!y swim1 dive1 & fly mu* 9 ! same mann]1 b decid$ly bett] ?an tame ,ducks2 _! voice1 likewise1 is precisely simil>4 ,! l\d1 %ort ,quack ( ! female1 & ! dull] ,quack ( ! male2 ! conv]sational ,weck1 weck1 & ! call-note1 ,wack1 wack2 ! al>m-cry1 ,kats*1 or ,rab1 rab2 9 %ort1 all ! s\nds ) :i* we are famili> 9 ! tame ,ducks are exactly repeat$ by _! wild relatives4 ,soon aft] _! arrival1 ! ,wild ,ducks beg9 to *oose _! mates1 ! selection ( c\rse involv+ _m a battle betwe5 ! rival males2 b _! p>tn]s d n ne$ to be won by a prolong$ c\rt%ip4 ,_! habit ( associat+ 9 l>ge flocks is at once laid aside1 & !y atta* !mselves to _! sp\ses ) ard5t devotion4 ,! place select$ = ! ne/ is g5]ally "s quiet1 retir$1 dry spot "u a bu% or conceal$ by h]bage1 & v g5]ally ne> ! wat]1 b sometimes at a consid]able di/ance f x4 ,occasionally &1 inde$1 n unfrequ5tly1 !y w take possession ( "s ne/ plac$ 9 a tree--su*1 = example1 z t ( a ,cr[4 ,_! prop] ne/ is con/ruct$ ( ! /ems & leaves ( v>i\s plants1 loosely put toge!r1 s z to pres5t int]nally a r\nd$ cavity1 :i* at a subsequ5t p]iod is w>mly l9$ ) d[n & fea!rs4 ,! brood consi/s ( f eight to sixte5 eggs1 ( a some:at elongat$ %ape1 h>d1 smoo?-%ell$1 & ( a greyi% :ite col\r2 9 fact1 exactly simil> to ^? ( ! dome/icat$ ,duck4 ,! p]iod ( incubation1 dur+ :i* ! female1 :o alone broods1 sits ) ! greate/ pati5ce & self-devotion1 ext5ds ov] f tw5ty to tw5ty-eight days4 ,! newly-hat*$ "y ones rema9 p]haps = a s+le day 9 ! ne/1 & are !n tak5 to ! wat]4 ,^? t are born 9 a ne/ plac$ at a consid]able elevation simply spr+ out & fall ^u ! gr\nd1 )\t receiv+ ! slighte/ injury4 ,x is q a mi/ake to say1 z "s writ]s h done1 t !y are c>ri$ d[n by _! "m 9 h] beak4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few days ( _! lives !y endeav\r to conceal !mselves z mu* z possible among ! re$s & wat]-plants2 & x is only :5 _! w+s h to be tri$ t !y v5ture to %[ !mselves 9 op5 wat]4 ,mean:ile ! "m takes ! greate/ pa9s to conceal !m f obs]vation4 ,9 case ( dang] %e makes e endeav\r to draw x ^u h]self1 or if ! assailants are su* z to make x at all practicable1 %e flies at !m ) ! utmo/ fury1 & uses e ef=t to drive !m away4 ,! "y brood foll[ h] ) e demon/ration ( affection2 !y wat* h] slighte/ w>n+1 li/5 to e s\nd %e utt]s1 & :5 bidd51 at once hide !mselves among we$s or s9k d[n betwe5 ! inequalities ( ! gr\nd4 ,_! gr[? is exce$+ly rapid1 s t 9 ab\t six weeks !y are able to fly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wild ,,duck 7,anas bos*as74 ,:il/ ! "m is ?us busily employ$ 9 def5d+ & in/ruct+ h] (fspr+1 ! male ,duck gives himself v little tr\ble ab\t 8 family2 sometimes he takes ano!r mate1 b if ?is is n ! case1 he jo9s 8 male companions 9 _! recreations on ! wat]4 ,ev5 be=e ! eggs are hat*$1 ! old birds beg9 to m\lt _! fea!rs1 & soon ex*ange _! beautiful nuptial dress = ! dull] plumage 9 :i* !y appe> dur+ ! f\r mon?s ( summ]1 aft] :i*1 p>tly by m\lt+1 & p>tly by *ange ( col\r 9 _! fea!rs1 !y resume _! spl5did autumnal g>b4 ,at ?is latt] p]iod ! "y birds likewise und]go _! fir/ m\lt1 aft] :i* ! family becomes aga9 unit$4 ,bo? p>5ts & _! prog5y rema9 toge!r dur+ ! autumn1 & ultimately fly 9 company ) ea* o!r to _! w9t] qu>t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cg4 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,aix ,,gal]iculata ,,m&>9 ,,duck 7ab\t #e_/h ,nat4 size7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wood ,,or ,,summ] ,,duck 7,aix sponsa74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! fle% ( ^! birds is s surpass+ly excell5t1 t ! *ase aft] !m is ev]y:]e c>ri$ on ) unrel5t+ p]sev]ance4 ,x w\ld lead u too f> f our subject 7 we "h ev5 to glance at ! multipli$ contrivances :]eby !y are kill$ or captur$1 sometimes 9 imm5se numb]s4 ,! m>kets ( ,italy1 ,greece1 ,spa91 & ,egypt1 are1 dur+ ! w9t] season1 fill$ to ov]fl[+ ) ,ducks ( all descriptions1 among :i* ! ,wild ,duck is by f> ! mo/ pl5tiful2 !y are !n ev]y:]e to be pur*as$ = a few p5ce4 ,9 ,greece1 h[ev]1 ! mode ( cat*+ !m is some:at peculi>4 ,on _m ( ! lakes 9 t c\ntry1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p cov]$ ) vegetation1 !re are g5]ally long pat*es ( op5 wat]1 indicat+ ^? p>ts :i* are too deep to all[ ( ! gr[? ( plants f ! bottom4 ,z w9t] sets 9 ^! op5 spaces are clos$ by nets prep>$ = ! purpose1 & dur+ ! passage ( ! ,ducks ! ev5+s are devot$ to _! capture4 ,:5 x beg9s to gr[ d>k1 two boats1 effici5tly mann$1 & ea* ( !m furni%$ ) a lant]n & a bell1 put (f 9 opposite directions t[>ds ! enclos$ space1 & z !y r[ sl[ly along1 display _! lant]ns1 r+ _! bells1 & ?us drive be=e !m ! ,ducks :i*1 in/ead ( tak+ flight1 cr[d outw>ds t[>ds ! nets1 ) :i* !y are ultimately enclos$4 ,f ,von d] ,mhle & ,l9d]may] we le>n t !y are sometimes also tak5 by means ( a ca/+-net4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ! sportsm51 hav+ asc]ta9$ ! position ( ! ,ducks1 r[ sl[ly t[>ds !m ) muffl$ o>s1 at ! same "t occupy+ _! att5tion by display+ a light$ lant]n susp5d$ at ! end ( a long pole1 c>ri$ at ! b[ ( ! boat4 ,! curiosity ( ! ,ducks be+ ?us excit$1 !y approa* ! light 9 great numb]s )\t see+ _! enemies bel[1 :o ?us succe$ 9 ?r[+ a net ov] !m1 & captur+ a score or s at a s+le haul4 ,,! ,,wood ,,or ,,summ] ,,duck4 ,! ,,wood or ,,summ] ,,duck 7,aix sponsa7 repres5ts a gr\p possess+ a sl5d] body1 mod]ately long1 ?9 neck1 a l>ge cre/$ head1 & a %ort sl5d] bill1 :i* t]m9ates 9 a hook$ & nail-l tip4 ,9 ^! birds ! %ort p[]ful foot is plac$ f> backw>d2 ! n>r[1 po9t$ w+ has its fir/ & second quill long] ?an ! re/2 & ! v broad /rong tail is compos$ ( sixte5 fea!rs1 & r\nd$ at its extremity4 ,! plumage ( ?is species is magnific5tly col\r$1 & =ms a cre/ at ! back ( ! head2 a small space betwe5 ! eyes & ! base ( upp] m&ible is b>e4 ,?is beautiful bird has ! fea!rs on ! cr[n ( head & ! *eeks ( glossy d>k gre52 ! sides ( head & a pat* on sides ( ! neck are purpli% gre5 %ad$ ) blue2 ! cre/ is gold5 gre51 decorat$ ) two n>r[ :ite /ripes t comm5ce on ! br[2 ! sides ( ! upp] neck & brea/ are bright r$di% br[n dott$ ) :ite2 "s ( ! %\ld]-fea!rs1 h9d] p>ts ( back1 & upp] tail-cov]s1 are blacki% gre52 ! re/ ( ! %\ld]-fea!rs1 ! prim>y quills1 & tail1 gre5i% purple1 %ad$ ) blue & glossy black2 "s ( ! ext]ior tail-fea!rs are prolong$1 & ( an orange hue2 ! l[] tail-cov]s are br[n2 ! *91 ?roat1 a b& on ! upp] neck1 ! c5tre ( ! brea/1 & ! belly1 are :ite2 ! sides ( ! body yell[i% grey1 m>k$ ) black2 "s ( ! long fea!rs on ^! p>ts are black edg$ ) :ite2 ! eye is bright r$2 eyelid orange2 beak :iti%1 ) r$di% base & black tip2 ! foot is r$di% yell[4 ,?is species is sev5te5 in*es & a half long & tw5ty-sev5 & a half broad2 ! w+ measures eight & a half1 & tail f\r in*es4 ,! female is some:at small] ?an h] mate1 & )\t an actual cre/ ^u h] head2 h] plumage is deep br[ni% gre5 on ! back1 %ad$ ) purple & spott$2 ! head is greyi% gre51 neck br[ni% grey1 gullet :ite1 brea/ :ite spott$ ) br[n1 & belly pure :ite2 ! eyes are surr\nd$ by a broad :ite l9e1 :i* passes f !nce z f> z ! region ( ! e>4 ,! ,summ] ,duck is a native ( ,am]ica1 :]e x occupies ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !nce w&]s regul>ly to ! c5tral portions ( t cont95t & to ! ,we/ ,indies2 x has also be5 kill$ 9 ,great ,brita91 ,france1 & ,g]many1 b mo/ probably ^! specim5s 7 n /raggl]s b birds t _h be5 re>$ 9 avi>ies4 ,accord+ to ,audubon1 ! flight ( ! ,wood ,duck is rem>kable = its spe$1 & ! ease & elegance ) :i* x is p]=m$4 ,x passes1 he says1 ?r\gh ! wood1 & ev5 among ! bran*es ( trees1 ) z mu* facility z ! ,pass5g] ,pigeon1 & :5 remov+ f "s seclud$ haunt to its bre$+-gr\nds1 at ! approa* ( night x %oots ov] ! trees l a meteor1 sc>cely emitt+ any s\nd f its w+s4 ,wilson ass]ts t ^! birds seldom fly 9 p>ties ( m ?an ?ree or f\r individuals toge!r2 b ,audubon expresses 8 surprise at su* a /atem5t f ! admir$ au?or ( ,am]ican ,orni?ology1 & assures 8 read]s t he has se5 hundr$s 9 a s+le flock1 & has kn[n fifte5 to be kill$ by a s+le %ot4 ,9 disposition ! ,wood ,duck is naturally bold & fe>less2 b1 if mole/$1 soon becomes %y & cauti\s4 ,:5 9 captivity x is v readily tam$1 & exhibits mu* atta*m5t to ^? :o fe$ x4 ,9 _! natural /ate ^! birds subsi/ ^u gra91 re$s1 delicate %oots ( plants1 worms1 snails1 & insects1 ! latt] be+ glean$ f ! trees1 or snapp$ at z !y float ?r\gh ! air2 !y w also readily dev\r small reptiles1 & a v>iety ( simil> f>e4 ,:5 tame1 !y c be re>$ on corn or fi%1 & 9 fact w eat almo/ any?+ t may be (f]$ !m4 ,! p]iod ( incubation comm5ces ab\t ,m>*1 & at ?is season ! p>ties sep>ate 9 pairs & comm5ce _! se>* = a conv5i5t bre$+-place4 ,= ?is purpose a squirrel's or ,woodpeck]'s hole is usually select$ z af=d+ all t !y require1 & into ?is ! female at once creeps 9 ord] to make ! prep>ations necess>y = ! reception ( h] eggs1 :ile h] fai?ful sp\se keeps wat* outside4 ,ab\t ,may1 or 9 "s localities a mon? lat]1 ! eggs1 f sev5 to twelve 9 numb]1 are deposit$2 !y are small1 oval1 & h a smoo? :ite or yell[i% %ell4 ,z soon z all ! eggs are laid1 ! female cov]s !m ) d[n1 spread+ x ?ickly ov] !m :5ev] %e quits h] *>ge4 ,no soon] is ! "m burd5$ ) family c>es ?an1 z is ! case ) "s o!r species1 %e is des]t$ by h] hi!rto devot$ mate1 :o jo9s 8 male companions & roams ) !m ov] neighb\r+ pieces ( wat] until ! close ( ! m\lt+ season4 ,! p]iod ( incubation la/s ab\t tw5ty-five days4 ,if1 says ,audubon1 ! ne/ ( ! ,wood ,duck is plac$ imm$iately ov] ! wat]1 ! "y1 ! mom5t !y are hat*$1 scramble to ! m\? ( ! hole1 laun* into ! air ) _! little w+s & feet spread out1 & drop into _! fav\rite elem5t2 b :5ev] _! bir?place is at "s di/ance f x1 ! "m c>ries !m to x "o by "o 9 h] bill1 hold+ !m s z n to injure _! t5d] frames4 ,on sev]al occasions1 h[ev]1 :5 ! hole 0 ?irty1 =ty1 or m y>ds f a pool or o!r piece ( wat]1 ,i obs]v$ ! "m suff]$ ! "y to fall on ! grasses & dri$ leaves b5ea? ! trees1 & aft]w>ds l$ !m to ! ne>e/ edge ( ! next pool or creek4 ,at ?is e>ly age ! "y answ] to _! p>5t's call ) a mell[ ',pee1 pee1 pee1' (t5 & rapidly repeat$4 ,! call ( ! "m at su* "t is s(t1 l[1 & prolong$1 resembl+ ! syllables ',pe-1 pe-4' ,! wat*-note ( ! male1 :i* resembles ',hoe-k1' is nev] utt]$ by ! female2 inde$1 ! male himself seldom uses x unless al>m$ by "s uncommon s\nd or ! sight ( a di/ant enemy1 or :5 int5t on call+ pass+ birds ( 8 own species4 ,wilson m5tions hav+ he>d f an eye-witness t a female ( ?is species 0 se5 c>ry+ d[n ?irte5 "y f h] ne/ to ! gr\nd 9 ! space ( t5 m9utes4 ,?is %e accompli%$ by seiz+ !m "o by "o 9 h] bill by ! w+ or back ( ! neck1 & ?us be>+ !m to ! foot ( ! tree1 :5ce %e aft]w>ds l$ !m to ! wat]4 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,teal1 ,,or ,,m&>9 ,,duck4 ,! ,,*9ese ,,teal1 or ,,m&>9 ,,duck 7,aix gal]iculata71 repres5ts ! gr\p ,cosmonessa1 compris+ birds closely resembl+ ! ,summ] ,ducks above describ$4 ,?is well-kn[n species is n m]ely adorn$ ) a cre/1 b has a fl[+ coll>1 & two rem>kable fans or plumes situat$ on ! %\ld]s4 ,9 ! gorge\sly app>ell$ male ! gre5 cre/ is purpli% blue 9 front1 ) br[n & gre5 at ! sides & back2 a broad1 br[ni% yell[ l9e %ad+ into yell[i% :ite passes f ! eyes to ! nape2 ! long-po9t$ coll>-fea!rs are bright r$1 ! front ( ! neck & sides ( ! brea/ br[ni% r$4 ,! back-fea!rs are light br[n2 ! fan-l %\ld]-plumes /eel-blue on ! out] & br[ni% yell[ on ! inn] web1 :i* is edg$ ) black & :ite4 ,! sides ( ! brea/ exhibit two :ite & two black /ripes2 ! sides ( body are yell[i% grey d>kly m>k$2 ! "u p>ts :ite1 & ! quills br[ni% grey bord]$ ) :ite on ! out] web4 ,! eye is yell[i% r$1 ! beak r$1 ) a :ite tip1 & ! foot r$di% yell[4 ,! female closely resembles ! female ,aix sponsa 9 appe>ance4 ,! brilliant plumage ( ! male is ?r[n (f f ,may to ,augu/1 :5 ! bird also loses its cre/ & w+-fans1 & assumes a sob]-t9t$ dress simil> to t ( 8 mate4 ,! ,m&>9 ,ducks are natives ( ,japan & ,*9a1 & are highly e/eem$ 9 ! latt] c\ntry z exhibit+1 x is suppos$1 a mo/ /rik+ example ( conjugal atta*m5t & fidelity4 ,a pair ( ^! birds are frequ5tly plac$ 9 a gaily-decorat$ cage1 & c>ri$ 9 _! m>riage processions1 & are aft]w>ds pres5t$ to ! bride & bridegroom z wor?y objects ( _! emulation4 ,s highly1 inde$1 are !y valu$1 t ,dr4 ,b5nett1 we are told1 0 in=m$ by a fri5d :om he commission$ to buy him a pair1 t he c\ld s5d him two live m&>9s to ,au/ralia ) f> m ease ?an a pair ( ,m&>9 ,ducks4 ,to ! above naturali/ we are indebt$ = ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! atta*m5t to _! mates t *>act]ises ^! beautiful birds3--,"o day ,mr4 ,beales' avi>y at ,macao 0 brok5 op51 & ! male bird /ol52 8 poor mate rema9$ 9 a retir$ "p ( ! avi>y & refus$ to be com=t$4 ,%e w\ld sc>cely take any food1 & all[$ h] plumage to become dirty2 9 va9 did ano!r ,drake endeav\r to console h] = h] loss1 %e reject$ all 8 advances1 & rema9$ disconsolate4 ,aft] "s "t ! lo/ bird 0 discov]$ 9 ! hut ( a ,*9ese ( ! l[] class1 & 0 br\ght back aga94 ,z soon z he recognis$ 8 old abode1 he express$ 8 joy by flapp+ 8 w+s & quack+ vehem5tly1 & no soon] did 8 mate recognise 8 voice ?an %e almo/ quack$ to scream+ ) ec/acy1 & flew to meet him1 & bo? express$ _! joy by cross+ necks & quack+ toge!r4 ,next morn+ ! return$ sp\se fell ^u ! un=tunate ,drake :o _h made advances to 8 mate 9 8 abs5ce1 peck$ 8 eyes out1 & o!rwise s disfigur$ him z to occasion 8 dea? 9 ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,accord+ to ,s*r5ck1 ?is species appe>s 9 ! c\ntries wat]$ by ! ,amoor ab\t ,may1 & dep>ts aga9 at ! end ( ,augu/2 at ?is season x is always met ) 9 small or l>ge flocks1 :i* are s extremely %y t !y r>ely come )9 gun%ot4 ,:il/ on ! w+ ^! p>ties cr[d closely toge!r 9 front1 :il/ ! birds 9 ! re> occupy a comp>atively free space2 ! same au?ority /ates he has repeat$ly se5 ,m&>9 ,ducks p]*+ ^u trees4 ,^! beautiful birds h be5 successfully re>$ 9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5s1 "s be+ hat*$ "u ! p>5t1 & o!rs "u a ,dome/ic ,h52 ! latt] hat*+ ! eggs two days soon] ?an ! "m4 ,! eggs are ( a creamy br[n col\r4 ,,! ,,%ovel] ,,duck4 ,! ,,%ovel] ,,duck 7,spatula clypeata7 repres5ts a gr\p di/+ui%$ by _! v rem>kable & l>ge bill1 sl5d] at its base1 v broad & vault$ t[>ds its extremity1 & f9ely d5ticulat$ at its m>g9s4 ,! plumage ( ! male ( ?is species is mu* v>iegat$4 ,! head & upp] neck are d>k gre52 ! nape1 upp] back1 & %ort %\ld]-fea!rs edg$ ) light grey2 ! l[] neck1 crop1 & ! upp] w+-cov]s are :ite2 ! re/ ( ! w+ is light blue1 decorat$ ) a broad :ite /ripe & a pat* ( metallic gre54 ,! l[] p>ts ( ! back & rump are blacki% gre52 ! brea/ & belly *e/nut-br[n4 ,! l[] tail-cov]s are black1 ! quills br[n1 ! c5tre tail-fea!rs br[n bord]$ ) :ite1 & ^? at ! sides m or less :ite4 ,! eye is gold5 yell[1 ! bill black1 & ! foot r$di% yell[4 ,?is bird is n9ete5 in*es long & ?irty in*es broad2 ! w+ measures t5 in*es & a half1 & tail two & a half4 ,! plumage ( ! female is greyi% yell[1 d>kly spott$2 ! upp] w+ is grey1 ) a small greyi% gre5 pat*1 & h] bill gre5i% yell[1 edg$ ) pale r$4 ,! summ] co/ume ( ! male resembles t ( 8 mate4 ,! ,%ovel] ,duck inhabits ! temp]ate regions ( ! e>?1 & only occasionally w&]s into nor!rn latitudes4 ,9 ,europe x is met ) 9 all p>ts z f> nor? z ,norway4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 x is usually only a w9t] visitor1 b occasionally rema9s to bre$4 ,f ^! temp]ate latitudes x w&]s =? dur+ ! w9t] to ,mexico1 ,nor? & ,c5tral ,africa1 ! ,s\? ( ,*9a1 & ,india4 ,audubon1 :o met ) ?is bird 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e he tells u x is r>e1 says3--,! ,%ovel] walks prettily1 & ,i h (t5 admir$ its movem5ts 9 ! puddles =m$ by heavy da%es ( ra9 9 our ,s\!rn corn-fields1 :]e ,i h f\nd x 9 company ) ! ,wood ,duck1 ,mall>d1 & ,p9-tail4 ,its flight resembles t ( ! ,blue-w+$ ,teal1 & 9 t5d]ness z well z 9 flav\r its fle% rivals t ( t beautiful bird z an article ( food4 ,no sportsman :o is a judge w ev] pass a ,%ovel] to %oot a ,canvas-back4 ,x is r>ely ev] f\nd on salt wat]1 & !n only :5 compell$ to resort ?i!r4 ,! ,%ovel] ,ducks pass a good deal ( ! day on dry l&2 !y1 h[ev]1 pr9cipally frequ5t lakes1 m>%es1 riv]s1 & muddy %ores1 9 se>* ( insects1 molluscs1 worms1 & cru/aceans1 t =m _! pr9cipal means ( subsi/5ce2 !y also consume grass & o!r vegetable matt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%ovel] ,,duck 7,spatula clypeata74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! rem>kable beak possess$ by ^! birds is admirably suit$ = ! use to :i* x is de/9$1 its lam9at$ sides be+ furni%$ ) num]\s n]ves1 :i* end[ x ) a delicate s5se ( t\*1 enabl+ x at once to select su* matt]s z are fitt$ = su/5ance4 ,! ne/1 :i* is plac$ on a tuft ( h]bage1 is compos$ ( f9e grass1 ! eggs be+ c>efully cov]$ ) d[n f ! "m's brea/4 ,! eggs are ( a buffy :ite1 t+$ ) gre52 _! size is ab\t two in*es two l9es by "o in* six l9es4 ,,! ,,musk ,,duck4 ,! ,,musk ,,duck 7,cair9a mos*ata7 is recognisable by its sl5d] r\nd$ body1 tol]ably sl5d] neck1 & l>ge head1 & by its comp>atively long p[]ful beak1 :i* is elevat$ at its base4 ,! b>e bridles are cov]$ ) l>ge fle%y w>ts1 & ! claws are %ort & broad4 ,! proportionately %ort w+s h ! ?ird quill long] ?an ! re/4 ,! tail is /rong & r\nd$1 & compos$ ( eighte5 fea!rs4 ,! plumage ( ! male is pr9cipally br[ni% black2 ! top ( ! head br[ni% gre52 ! rump1 w+s1 & re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body are %ad$ ) metallic gre5 & purple-violet4 ,! quills are gre51 %imm]+ ) d>k /eel-blue2 ! w+-cov]s mo/ly :ite1 ! "u p>ts dull blacki% br[n2 ! "u tail-cov]s %9+ gre52 ! eye yell[2 ! nak$ places on ! face br[ni% black2 ! w>ty excresc5ces d>k r$1 p>tially spott$ ) black4 ,! bill is black1 ) a cross /ripe ( bluei% :ite j 9 front ( ! no/rils2 t[>ds ! po9t x is ( a pale fle%-col\r4 ,l5g? ( male1 ?irty-two in*es2 bread?1 =ty-sev5 in*es2 l5g? ( w+1 f\rte5 in*es & a half2 l5g? ( tail1 sev5 in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,! female is consid]ably small] ?an h] mate1 b 9 o!r respects !y v mu* resemble ea* o!r4 ,all travell]s :o h _h an opportunity ( /udy+ ^! ,ducks 9 a wild /ate tell u t !y are beautiful1 lively1 & well-flav\r$ birds1 equally attractive to ! naturali/ & ! sportsman4 ,?is species is ext5sively di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,s\? ,am]ican cont95t1 f ,p>aguay to ,guiana1 & is to be met ) almo/ 9 equal numb]s ne> ! m\?s ( riv]s fl[+ into ! sea1 & amid ! swamps & m>%es ( wild uncultivat$ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,pr9ce von ,wi$ f\nd x swimm+ ^u riv]s 9 ! dep?s ( ! primitive =e/s1 & also 9 /ill1 seclud$ bays1 & ^u isl&s ne> ! sea-coa/4 ,s*omburghk obs]v$ x at an altitude ( #a1ejj feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,dur+ ! mid-day heat1 & 9 ! aft]noon1 ^! birds g5]ally seek out %ady places ^u ! %ores & on s&banks2 9 ! morn+ & ev5+ !y employ !mselves 9 se>*+ = _! food1 :i* consi/s ( fi%es & snails1 also alg & o!r wat]-plants4 ,!y inv>iably pass ! night ^u trees1 & if di/urb$ 9 ! daytime always seek %elt] among _! bran*es2 ev5 ^? :i* sp5d _! days 9 m>%es & morasses ex*ange ^! localities z ! sun desc5ds = ext5sive woods1 & p]* ^u ! l(tie/ trees !y c f9d4 ,_! flight is rem>kably rapid1 & is always1 at _! fir/ ris+1 accompani$ by a l\d noise1 some:at resembl+ t produc$ by a covey ( ,p>tridges :5 fir/ flu%$4 ,_! pair+-"t seems to be signalis$ by incessant qu>rell+ among/ ! jeal\s males2 & if ! viol5ce ( ^! combats is to be judg$ ( by ! numb] ( fea!rs left ^u _! battle-fields1 !y are m ?an usually pugnaci\s4 ,_! ne/ is sometimes built 9 ! holl[ ( a tree ne> ! sea-%ore1 sometimes amid ! bran*es4 ,! female p>5t %[s h]self mo/ vigilant 9 protect+ h] "y ones1 & %\ld !y be attack$1 ru%es at once to _! rescue2 :5 %e has succe$$ 9 driv+ back _! enemies %e calls !m toge!r ) a peculi> cry4 ,^! birds seem to h two broods dur+ ! season--"o 9 ,may1 ! o!r 9 ,septemb]4 ,9 ,brazil1 tame ,musk ,ducks are ev]y:]e to be met )2 inde$1 at ! p]iod ( ! visit ( ! ,pr9ce von ,wi$ !re seem$ to be no o!rs kept 9 a /ate ( dome/ication4 ,9 ,g]many1 also1 bre$]s h endeav\r$ to re> !m = ! table1 & speak fav\rably ( ! result ( _! ef=ts4 ,9 _! good op9ion ( ^! birds we _c p>ticipate4 ,to say no?+ ( _! be+ unable to endure ! cold ( our w9t] s well z o!r m common species1 we consid] !m to be positively dang]\s2 !y n only attack & d s]i\s damage to o!r ,ducks1 b !y h be5 kn[n to set ^u *ildr5 & injure !m v s]i\sly4 ,%\ld any ( _! companions fall "u _! displeasure1 !y foll[ !m unremitt+ly by l& or wat]1 pluck _! fea!rs (f & bite !m savagely2 inde$1 !y n unfrequ5tly kill !m outright by swimm+ aft] !m & hold+ !m s long "u wat] t !y are dr[n$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,div+ ,,ducks 7,fuligul7 7 =m]ly consid]$ z belong+ to ! same race z ! prec$+1 f :i* !y are n[ prop]ly sep>at$1 see+ t !y h no m 9 common ) !m ?an ,geese or ,swans4 ,! ,div+ ,ducks are at once recognisable by _! %ort1 broad1 plump body1 by _! %ort ?ick neck1 _! l>ge head1 & mod]ate-siz$ beak2 ! latt] is broad1 furni%$ ) v %ort tee?1 & occasionally some:at enl>g$ at ! base4 ,! t>si are %ort1 fea!r$ q to ! heel1 & compress$ lat]ally4 ,! ant]ior toes are l>ge1 long1 & /rongly webb$4 ,! w+s are %ort & vault$1 ! two fir/ quills be+ ! longe/4 ,! tail is %ort1 b broad1 consi/+ ( f f\rte5 to eighte5 close-set fea!rs2 ! g5]al plumage is ?ick & close1 diff]+ 9 col\r accord+ to sex & age1 & on ! head is g5]ally prolong$ into a tuft or cre/1 :i* is r5d]$ m conspicu\s by ! brightness ( its col\rs4 ,^! ,ducks1 9 correspond5ce ) _! p[] ( div+1 always pref] op5 deep wat] to su* z is ei!r %all[ or ov]gr[n ) plants4 ,! great] numb] ( !m live ^u ! sea1 & only visit fre% wat] dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s t mu/ be consid]$ z fre%-wat] birds1 see+ t !y sp5d ! great] portion ( _! lives ^u ponds1 lakes1 or riv]s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! backw>d position ( _! legs1 !y are oblig$1 :5 !y /& or walk1 to keep !mselves v upright2 inde$1 _! gait c sc>cely be call$ a waddle1 inasmu* z x is ) difficulty t !y /agg] along4 ,_! flight is1 p]haps1 bett] ?an t ( mo/ o!r ,ducks1 & :5 once on ! w+ !y move pretty rapidly ?r\gh ! air4 ,9 ! wat] !y are q 9 _! prop] elem5t2 _! broad p[]ful body is s deeply imm]s$ t only a small portion ( ! top ( ! back is visible1 & _! tail t\*es ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,z !y r[ !mselves nimbly along1 /rik+ well out _! broadly-webb$ feet1 !y tilt _! body tail upw>ds1 & disappe> ) a s+le /roke4 ,^! birds are n1 l ! ,div]s1 able to cat* _! prey by pursu+ x "u wat]2 :5 !y dive !y seem to plunge m or less p]p5dicul>ly d[n to ! bottom1 &1 aft] ab\t a m9ute's abs5ce1 aga9 make _! appe>ance ne>ly ^u ! same spot f :5ce !y vani%$4 ,z x is f ! bottom ( ! wat] t !y obta9 _! food1 ev5 ^? inhabit+ fre% wat] h necess>ily to dive to a consid]able dep?2 :il/ ^? t live 9 ! sea mu/ occasionally plunge /ill deep]1 ev5 to ! dep? ( fifty or sixty fa?oms--a fact ( :i* x is easy to conv9ce oneself by exam9+ ! cont5ts ( _! /oma*s4 ,a few ( !m seem to pref] a vegetable diet1 b ! great] numb] live ^u small bivalve %ell-fi% & o!r mollusca2 !y likewise eat worms1 cru/aceans1 & fi%es1 :ile ^? t inhabit fre% wat] also fe$ ^u aquatic insects4 ,! booty ?us procur$ f ! bottom is also swall[$ "u wat]4 ,! ,div+ ,ducks1 :5 employ$ 9 fi%+ = _! food1 only come to ! surface to brea!4 ,_! voice is totally diff]5t f t ( ! ,swimm+ ,ducks2 in/ead ( quack+ !y only scree*4 ,! mann] ( _! bre$+ agrees pretty closely ) t ( ord9>y ,ducks2 /ill1 h[ev]1 !re are po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,!y bre$ m 9 company ) ea* o!r1 & sometimes =m regul> settlem5ts4 ,two females ev5 ( diff]5t species w occasionally lay _! eggs 9 ! same ne/1 %>+ ! duties ( incubation & ! *>ge ( ! "y brood4 ,"s individuals exhibit a sort ( mania = brood+2 !y w slip into ! ne/s ( o!r birds1 roll away ! eggs1 & take possession ( !m1 or ev5 tempt ! ne/l+s away f _! prop] p>5ts 9 ord] to take !m "u _! own c>e4 ,! eggs are r\nd]1 ! %ells m closely-gra9$ ?an ^? ( ! ,common ,ducks1 b 9 o!r respects resemble !m4 ,"s ,div+ ,ducks are valuable on acc\nt ( ! d[n ) :i* !y l9e _! ne/s1 o!rs on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( _! fle%1 b1 g5]ally speak+1 ! latt] is rank & ill-flav\r$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,eid] ,,ducks 7,somat]ia7 fir/ claim our att5tion1 inasmu* z !y are n only ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful ( ! ,div+ ,ducks1 b also ! mo/ useful memb]s ( ! family1 ornam5t+ ! seas t !y frequ5t1 & conf]r+ ine/imable b5efit ^u ! inhabitants ( ! inhospitable coa/s :]e !y are common4 ,ap>t f _! v consid]able size1 ! ,eid] ,ducks are di/+ui%able by _! long sl5d] beak1 ! base ( :i* ext5ds up ! =ehead1 & is divid$ by a triangul> projection ( ! fea!rs2 ! upp] m&ible1 :i* is brightly col\r$1 t]m9ates 9 a l>ge nail-l app5dage1 cov]+ ! entire ant]ior m>g9 ( ! bill2 ! t>si are %ort1 ! feet broad-sol$1 & ! toes long2 ! w+s are ( mod]ate l5g?1 ! second prim>y quill be+ ! longe/2 ! t]ti>y quills1 :i* are sickle-%ap$1 are deflect$1 & prolong$ s z to ov]lap ! prim>ies2 ! tail1 :i* is slightly r\nd$ at its extremity1 consi/s ( f\rte5 or sixte5 tap]+ fea!rs4 ,! g5]al plumage is s(t1 ?ick1 & fleecy4 ,9 ! adult male ! prevail+ col\rs are simply black & :ite2 ! head1 h[ev]1 is ornam5t$ ) sea-gre51 & ! brea/ suffus$ ) roseate p9k or br[ni% yell[2 9 "o species smalt-blue is likewise obs]vable4 ,! col\r ( ! female is br[ni% grey or r$di% br[n4 ,all ! v>i\s species inhabit ! cold] regions ( ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e4 ,al?\gh ! "n ( ^! ,ducks is suppos$ to be d]iv$ f ! riv] ,eid]1 divid+ ! du*y ( ,hol/e9 f ,l[] ,s*leswig1 !y are 9 reality seldom f\nd s\? ( ! sixty-?ird degree ( nor? latitude1 f :i* po9t to ! ,nor? ,cape !y are met ) 9 va/ numb]s all along ! coa/ & 9 ! fiords t ind5t x 9 e direction1 /ret*+ sometimes #bjj miles inl&4 ,! nor!rn %ores ( ,russia1 ,sib]ia1 & ! same latitudes ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 are also inhabit$ by ^! valuable f[ls4 ,! ,eid] ,ducks are /rictly sea-birds2 ^u dry l& !y walk ) extreme difficulty1 & z !y clumsily waddle along (t5 /umble & fall d[n flat on ! gr\nd4 ,_! flight seems difficult & fatigu+1 requir+ ! su/a9$ rapid action ( _! proportionately %ort w+s4 ,!y r>ely rise to any height 9 ! air1 b w+ _! way /raight d[n into ! wat] b5ea?1 & x is only :5 !y rea* ?is1 _! prop] elem5t1 t !y beg9 to %[ :at are _! real capabilities4 ,!y swim ) ! body less deeply imm]s$ ?an ! g5]ality ( ,div+ ,ducks1 b _! movem5ts are quick] ?an ^? ( any ( _! cong5]s4 ,! bre$+-"t ( ! ,eid] ,ducks is r late 9 ! season1 g5]ally t[>ds ! end ( ,may1 sometimes 9 ,june or ,july2 ab\t ?is p]iod !y assemble ^u c]ta9 small isl&s1 app>5tly select$ because !y are easily accessible2 ! birds !n sep>ate into pairs1 ea* pair proce$+ at once to *ose a place = e/abli%+ its ne/1 ! pr9cipal conditions requir$ be+ seclusion & safety4 ,9 localities :]e ! birds are t5d$ z ?\gh !y 7 private prop]ty1 ! own]s ( ! isl&s to :i* !y resort take c>e to furni% a supply ( old boxes1 plat=ms built ) /ones1 bo>ds cov]$ ) bru%wood1 & o!r simil> conv5i5ces = bre$+4 ,?\gh %y en\gh be=e1 ! birds n[ become wond]fully tame & fe>less2 !y n only unhesitat+ly take possession ( ! plat=ms1 boxes1 l$ges1 & o!r contrivances prep>$ = !m1 b all[ !mselves to be driv5 to ! mo/ suitable places1 )\t be+ at all al>m$ or di/urb$ at ! pres5ce ( _! conductors4 ,!y come into ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! solit>y huts ( _! keep]s1 & w ent] !m 9 se>* ( a snug corn] 9 :i* to build2 inde$1 x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t adv5tur\s females w take possession ( b$rooms1 /ables1 & o!r simil> localities1 to ! great inconv5i5ce & discom=t ( ! keep]'s wife4 ,at fir/ ! male bird always accompanies 8 mate 9 ^! p$e/rian excursions 9 se>* ( lodg+s1 :i* g5]ally occupy !m dur+ ! morn+2 ab\t noon !y fly away t[>ds ! fiords or swim ab\t ^u ! op5 sea2 b t[>ds ev5+ !y come on %ore to pass ! night4 ,:ile ! female is employ$ 9 lay+ h] eggs1 ! male wat*es ov] ! ne/ ) great p]sev]ance & devotion2 b no soon] is ! numb] ( eggs complete1 & ! female beg9s 9 e>ne/ ! "w ( incubation1 ?an ! male flies (f1 leav+ bo? ne/ & wife1 & ha/5s to jo9 ! society ( o!r males :o may be disport+ !mselves f> out at sea4 ,^u ! rocks & sca>s ^u ! coa/ ( ,norway ^! =lorn wid[]s may be se5 play+ toge!r by hundr$s4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,eid] ,duck is a v simple affair1 consi/+ m]ely ( a few twigs1 /alks ( seawe$1 blades ( grass1 /raw1 & simil> mat]ials1 su* z c be pick$ up 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 heap$ toge!r 9 ! mo/ slov5ly mann]2 ! r\gh] ! framework1 h[ev]1 s mu* ?ick] & m valuable is ! ri* l9+ ( d[n--! co/ly toll :i* ! bre$+ birds h to pay to ! ma/]s ( ! soil = _! tempor>y resid5ce4 ,aft] ! lapse ( a few days1 ! female sits mo/ assidu\sly2 9 places :]e %e is accu/om$ to ! sight ( m5 %e w n /ir ev5 %\ld !y approa* h] ne/2 %e simply b[s h] head to ! gr\nd1 & slightly spreads h] w+s s z to make h]self z inconspicu\s z possible4 ,! col\r ( h] plumage g5]ally co9cides s exactly ) t ( ! surr\nd+ rocks1 t to an unpractis$ eye ! bird is ) difficulty di/+ui%able f ! gr\nd on :i* x sits4 ,we h m ?an once _h conv9c+ pro( ( ! efficacy ( ?is mode ( concealm5t1 9 ! %ape ( a %>p bite on ! leg1 inflict$ by ! beak ( a brood+ female1 ( ^: pres5ce we 7 q unaw>e be=e--at ! la/ mom5t--%e flew away4 ,^? females :o happ5 to h tak5 up _! abode 9 ! vic9ity ( m5 w all[ !mselves to be tak5 up f ! ne/ :ile _! eggs are exam9$1 aft] :i* !y imm$iately settle d[n aga9 to brood1 )\t %[+ ! slighte/ desire to escape4 ,frequ5tly we h sat close to _! ne/s = h\rs toge!r1 h /rok$ _! fea!rs1 put our h&s betwe5 _! bodies & _! eggs to note ! temp]ature1 & yet few ( !m h /irr$ f ! spot4 ,"s ( !m w\ld occasionally bite our f+]s z if 9 play1 b ! majority te/ifi$ nei!r timidity nor annoyance4 ,"s we purposely took to a little di/ance f _! ne/+-place & plac$ ^u ! gr\nd1 b !y w\ld imm$iately waddle back to _! domicile1 arrange ! d[n ar\nd ! eggs1 & quietly resume _! position1 z if no?+ _h happ5$4 ,:5 left q to !mselves ! brood+ females quit _! ne/s regul>ly e morn+1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 to cov] _! eggs w>mly ) d[n1 s t !y may n be *ill$ dur+ _! abs5ce2 hav+ done ?is1 away !y fly out to sea1 & dive assidu\sly = half an h\r 9 se>* ( food1 & 9 ?is %ort p]iod manage to fill _! crops almo/ to bur/+ ) v>i\s k9ds ( %ell-fi%1 aft] :i* !y return at once to _! *>ge4 ,! males are mu* m timid ?an ! females1 ev5 :5 ) !m at ! bre$+ season or :il/ keep+ wat* ov] _! ne/s4 ,%\ld any "o approa*1 !y imm$iately get into a t]rible flurry1 toss _! heads1 call l\dly to _! wives1 & aft] blu/]+ = a little "t1 fly (f to sea1 :5ce !y anxi\sly wat* ! proce$+s ( ! di/urb] ( _! quietude4 ,aft] ! lapse ( tw5ty-five or tw5ty-six days1 ! "y ones break _! %ells & make _! appe>ance2 !y are beautiful little creatures1 clad 9 ri* p>ti-col\r$ d[n4 ,f ! fir/ mom5t ( _! bir? !y are well able bo? to swim & to dive2 !y also walk ) consid]able facility1 ev5 bett] ?an _! "m1 :o takes !m1 be=e _! d[ny coat has _h "t to dry1 d[n to ! sea4 ,%\ld ! bre$+-place be f> f ! sea1 & ! dep>ture ( ! little flock be unusually delay$1 ! keep]s frequ5tly come to _! assi/ance1 &1 putt+ ! entire brood into a basket1 walk ) !m to ! %ore1 foll[$ by ! waddl+ p>5ts1 :o seem q satisfi$ ) ! arrangem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eid] ,,ducks ,,at ,,home4 ,! sea1 inde$1 is ! safe/ place = ^! helpless ne/l+s1 z !re !y c mo/ readily escape f _! natural enemies ! ,falcons1 ,rav5s1 & ,skuas4 ,v frequ5tly sev]al mo!rs1 accompani$ by _! little families1 consort toge!r1 & !n !y pres5t to ! obs]v] a v attractive spectacle4 ,%\ld ! p>5t birds p]ceive t !y are foll[$ by a boat1 !y at once beg9 to paddle away ) all _! /r5g?1 hop+ to escape f _! pursu]s1 & x is n till ! boat has come close ^u !m t !y decide ^u tak+ w+2 by s do+ !y are ( c\rse compell$ to des]t ! "y birds1 :o1 h[ev]1 seem v well to und]/& h[ to provide = _! own safety1 z !y imm$iately make = ! l&1 & scrambl+ on to ! %ore1 may be se5 runn+ nimbly 9 se>* ( "s conv5i5t hid+-place1 dropp+ d[n betwe5 /ones1 or conceal+ !mselves beh9d slight inequalities ( ! gr\nd1 f :i* !y are sc>cely di/+ui%able4 ,%\ld ! ?reat5$ dang] pass away1 !y w be f\nd aft] a little "t ha/5+ back to ! sea1 into :i* !y imm$iately plunge1 & paddle away directly f ! %ore1 until !y are jo9$ ei!r by _! own "m or by "s o!r eld]ly female belong+ to _! flock4 ,%\ld _! "m be kill$1 ! "y1 if unable to d )\t assi/ance1 at once jo9 "s o!r family1 into :i* !y are receiv$ )\t ! slighte/ reluctance1 & t5d$ & c>$ = by ! old birds precisely z if !y 7 _! own (fspr+4 ,! in/9ct = brood+ 9 ! ,eid] ,ducks is inde$ v rem>kable2 !y w ev5 /eal ea* o!r's eggs 9 ord] to brood ^u !m4 ,! ne/l+s gr[ rapidly1 & (t5 )9 a week f _! bir? are well able to procure _! own food2 !y rema91 nev]!less1 9 company ) _! p>5ts till ! e>ly "p ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 _! e>lie/ infancy !y are f$ ) small cru/aceans & o!r s(t-bodi$ animals2 at a lat] p]iod !y live = ! mo/ "p ^u bivalve %ell-fi%1 b likewise fe$ will+ly on fi%es1 or inde$ on any small m>9e animals t !y may meet )4 ,al?\gh ! ,eid] ,ducks con/itute a consid]able portion ( ! weal? ( ! c\ntries !y inhabit1 !y are by no means c>$ = & protect$ z !y might be4 ,intellig5t l&hold]s1 ^: prop]ty ! bre$+-places are1 take ! opportunity :ile ! birds are lay+ to remove "s ( _! eggs1 & ?us succe$ 9 mak+ !m lay a great] numb] ?an !y o!rwise w\ld d4 ,moreov]1 !y are cont5t to wait pati5tly until ! bre$+-"t is ov] be=e !y ga!r ! d[n f _! ne/s4 ,m g5]ally1 h[ev]1 nei!r birds nor eggs are tak5 ! lea/ c>e (4 ,not)/&+ t _! fle% is n by any means palatable1 ^! ,ducks are cont9ually p]secut$ & slaught]$1 & ! consequ5ce is1 t 9 ,spitzb]g5 & o!r localities :]e ! sale ( ! ,eid]-d[n us$ to be reckon$ by ! hundr$weight1 x is n[ reckon$ only by p\nds4 ,malmgr5 assures u t x is a r>e ?+ to see "y birds 9 ! autumn2 & ! bird-cat*]s are l\d 9 _! compla9ts ( a sc>city1 = :i* !y h only _! own improvid5ce to blame4 ,9 ,gre5l& ! dim9ution1 al?\gh n q s conspicu\s1 is /ill v great1 n m ?an a ?\s& p\nds be+ n[ collect$ !re annually4 ,=m]ly1 says ,holboell1 ! gross quantity ( d[n procur$ 9 ,s\? ,gre5l& 9 ! c\rse ( a ye> 0 #e1jjg lbs41 & ,nor? ,gre5l& produc$ ab\t half t quantity4 ,accord+ to ! usual reckon+ a doz5 ne/s yield a p\nd weight ( ! raw mat]ial1 s t e ye> #ajd1ebj birds 7 n only despoil$ ( _! d[n b also robb$ ( _! eggs4 ,,! ,,true ,,eid] ,,duck1 ,,or ,,/4 ,,cu?b]t',s ,,duck4 ,! ,,true ,,eid] ,,duck1 or ,,/4 ,,cu?b]t',s ,,duck 7,somat]ia mollissima71 has ! *eeks1 *91 back1 & brea/ :ite1 ! latt] ) a r$di% t+e4 ,front & sides ( ! head black2 nape1 to ! ?roat1 pea-gre52 quills & tail br[n1 m>k$ on ! w+s ) velvet-black4 ,! eye is r$di% br[n1 ! beak gre5i% yell[1 ! foot olive-gre54 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is tw5ty-f\r in*es1 ! bread? =ty2 ! l5g? ( w+ elev5 in*es1 & l5g? ( tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! female is small] ?an ! male1 & h] plumage ru/-r$1 m>k$ on ! head & neck ) longitud9al br[n /reaks1 else:]e ) cresc5t-%ap$ black spots2 h] "u side ) deep br[n1 slightly l9$ ) black4 ,aft] ! bre$+ season ! plumage ( ! male loses mu* ( its beautiful gli/5+ appe>ance1 bo? head & neck become blacki% grey1 m d>kly cl\d$1 ! %\ld]s greyi% black1 & ! region ( ! crop yell[i% :ite1 m>k$ ) black & ru/-br[n ^u ! bord]s ( ! individual fea!rs4 ,x seems probable t ?is *ange ( plumage is n produc$ by m\lt+1 b by a gradual *ange 9 ! col\r ( ! fea!rs4 ,?is valuable ,duck is met ) ?r\gh\t ! nor!rn regions ( ! globe1 its range ext5d+ f ,jutl& to ,spitzb]g51 & f ! we/ coa/ ( ,europe along its nor!rn %ores to ,gre5l& & ,icel&4 ,x is a con/ant resid5t 9 "s ( ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 & has ! "n ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,duck f ! numb]s t ne/ 9 t isl&4 ,its mo/ s\!rn bre$+-places are ^u ! ,isl& ( ,sylt & o!r small ,dani% isl&s 9 ! same latitude1 & f !nce nor? x is met ) 9 cont9ually increas+ numb]s4 ,9 ,icel&1 ,gre5l&1 & ,norway1 x is v abundant1 & is pres]v$ ) ! utmo/ /rictness4 ,_! ne/s along ! coa/ ( ,norway1 we are told1 produce1 f ! d[n !y yield1 on an av]age1 a pr(it ( five p\nds a-piece 9 ! ye>2 s t a small b>r5 rock1 frequ5t$ by ^! birds1 becomes a v valuable prop]ty1 & has (t5 be5 ! subject ( litigation betwe5 ,norwegian l&hold]s4 ,"s ye>s ago ! ,eid] ,f[l 7 kill$ 9 su* numb]s t _! ext9ction 9 t c\ntry seem$ imm95t1 b 9 #ahdg ! ,norwegian ,p>liam5t pass$ a law = _! relief1 & s9ce t "t _! pursu]s h be5 oblig$ to conf9e !mselves to robb+ ! ne/s2 ! consequ5ce is t ^! ,ducks are n[ v pl5tiful1 & f ! p]fect security 9 :i* !y live h atta9$ a degree ( impud5t assurance unsurpass$ by ! ,london ,sp>r[s1 or _! own di/ant connections on ! ornam5tal wat]s 9 our p>ks4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,tromse !y come to ! h\se doors to be f$1 & walk ab\t z if /rongly impress$ ) ! consci\sness ( _! own importance4 ,9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 ^! birds are se5 assembl+ 9 gr\ps along ! %ores ( ! ma9l& ab\t ,april1 f :5ce !y cross to ! adjac5t isl&s e>ly 9 ,may4 ,! ne/ ( ?is species1 :i* conta9s f f\r to t5 7g5]ally six or eight7 well-%ap$1 smoo?-%ell$ eggs1 usually ( a dusky greyi% gre51 is =m$ ( f9e seawe$1 & is l9$1 aft] ! eggs are deposit$1 ) d[n f ! "m's brea/1 plac$ s ?ickly t ! eggs are completely hidd5 f view4 ,! d[n f a s+le ne/1 :5 cleans$1 al?\gh suffici5t 9 bulk to fill a man's hat1 seldom weighs m ?an "o ounce4 ,9 nor!rn c\ntries ! bus9ess ( robb+ ! ne/s ( ?is valuable mat]ial beg9s soon aft] ! eggs are laid1 ! female replac+ x by a fre% supply f h] brea/1 until x is q b>e1 :5 ! male bird 9 turn /rips himself to provide a w>m cov]+ = 8 "y4 ,9 a mon?'s "t1 says ,mr4 ,selby1 ! little family are l$ or c>ri$ 9 _! p>5t's bill to ! wat]1 :]e !y swim & dive ) facility2 ! "m mean:ile c>efully wat*+ ov] !m to def5d !m f _! bip$ foes1 & feign+ lam5ess to lure _! pursu]s f ! spot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eid] ,,duck 7,somat]ia mollissima74 ,! c>e :i* ! "m takes ( h] "y1 says ,audubon1 _c be exce$$4 ,%e leads !m g5tly 9 a close flock 9 %all[ wat]s1 :]e1 by div+1 !y procure food1 & at times1 :5 ! "y are fatigu$ & at "s di/ance f ! %ore1 %e s9ks h] body 9 ! wat] & receives !m on h] back1 :]e !y rema9 sev]al m9utes4 ,at ! approa* ( _! m]ciless enemy1 ! ,black-back$ ,gull1 ! "m beats ! wat] ) h] w+s1 z if int5d+ to raise ! spray ar\nd h]1 &1 on h] utt]+ a peculi> s\nd1 ! "y dive 9 all directions1 :ile %e endeav\rs to entice ! m>aud] to foll[ h]1 by feign+ lam5ess1 or %e leaps out ( ! wat] & attacks h] enemy1 (t5 s vigor\sly t1 exhau/$ & disappo9t$1 he is glad to fly (f1 on :i* %e alights ne> ! rocks1 among :i* %e expects to f9d h] brood1 & calls !m to h] side4 ,n[ & !n ,i saw two females :i* _h =m$ an atta*m5t = ea* o!r1 z if = ! purpose ( m effectually contribut+ to ! safety ( _! "y1 & x 0 v seldom t ,i saw ^! prud5t mo!rs assail$ by ! ,gulls4 ,we mu/ n omit to m5tion t ! eag]ness ( ^! birds = brood+ is s great1 t1 :5 robb$ ( _! eggs1 !y h frequ5tly be5 kn[n to /eal ! eggs or ev5 ! "y ( o!rs ( _! species4 ,9 its natural /ate ! ,eid] ,duck subsi/s ^u small fi%1 molluscs1 cru/aceans1 & fi% spawn1 b :5 kept conf9$ w eat gra94 ,! flight ( ?is species1 :i* is /eady & rapid1 is usually c>ri$ on ne> ! surface ( ! wat]2 x dives ) facility1 & is capable ( rema9+ subm]g$ = a consid]able "t4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,eid]4 ,! ,,k+ ,,eid] 7,somat]ia spectabilis7 has ! bill1 ! sides ( :i* are elevat$1 ar*$ & ridg$1 surr\nd$ by a f9e black b&2 a simil> b& runs f ! base ( ! "u m&ible d[n ea* side ( ! neck4 ,! upp] head is grey1 ! *eeks are sea-gre51 ! neck1 back1 & sides ( ! rump :ite1 ! front ( ! brea/ is light fle%-r$2 ! scapul>s1 l[] "p ( back1 w+s1 tail1 & belly1 are :ite1 & ! re/ ( ! fea!rs black2 t]tials1 z 9 ! prec$+ species1 deflect$4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak r$1 & foot r$di%4 ,! female is di/+ui%able f t ( ! ,true ,eid] by h] light r$di% br[n plumage1 & by ! /ructure ( ! base ( ! bill4 ,g5]al ,sab9e /ates 79 ! ,app5dix to ,sir ,e4 ,p>ry's fir/ ,voyage7 t ^! birds 7 abundant 9 ! ,nor? ,georgian ,isl&s1 _! ne/s be+ plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( fre%-wat] ponds1 & _! food consi/+ ( ! aquatic vegetation4 ,sir ,j4 ,c4 ,ross says1 ,va/ numb]s ( ?is beautiful ,duck resort annually to ! %ores & isl&s ( ! ,arctic ,regions 9 ! bre$+ season1 & h on _m occasions af=d$ a valuable & salut>y supply ( fre% provision to ! crews ( ! vessels employ$ on ^? seas4 ,on our late voyages comp>atively few 7 obta9$1 al?\gh se5 9 v great numb]s4 ,!y d n retire f> to ! s\? 9 ! w9t]1 b assemble 9 l>ge flocks1 ! males by !mselves1 & ! females ) _! "y brood are (t5 met ) 9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 f> di/ant f any l&1 :]e ! num]\s cru/aceans & o!r m>9e animals af=d !m abundance ( food4 ,?is species1 :i* v r>ely occurs 9 ,great ,brita91 0 f\nd1 on "o occasion1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,la?am1 ab\t ,june1 at ,papa ,we/ra1 "o ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 ,! eggs1 six 9 numb]1 r small] ?an ^? ( ! ,true ,eid] ,duck1 7 emb$d$ 9 d[n1 & plac$ on a rock ov]hang+ ! sea4 ,nuttall /ates t ! eggs ( ?is bird are :iti%1 :ile ,y>rell describes !m z pale gre51 & ,audubon z ( a uni=m dull gre5i% hue4 ,la?am tells u t 9 ,gre5l&1 :]e ! ,k+ ,ducks are common1 ! natives assemble 9 canoes1 & by _! %\ts t]rify ! birds1 :i* dive to avoid !m2 b z ! place :]e !y are ab\t to em]ge is betray$ by ! bubbl+ ( ! wat]1 _! pursu]s foll[ !m1 & ! same game be+ sev]al times repeat$1 ! birds are at l5g? tir$ out & easily secur$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,we/]n or ,,/ell]',s ,,eid] ,,duck 7,somat]ia or ,h5iconetta ,/ell]i7 is a small] species1 /ill m beautifully col\r$ & m>k$4 ,9 ! male ! head1 nape1 & sides ( neck are :ite1 a spot on ! =ehead1 & a transv]se b& at ! back ( ! head are gre51 a circle r\nd ! eye1 ! =e & h9d] neck1 ! rump1 tail1 & po9ts ( ! quills are black4 ,! upp] w+-cov]s & %\ld]s are :ite1 /rip$ ) d>k blue4 ,! "u side1 z f> z ! blacki% br[n c5tre ( ! belly1 is yell[i% br[n4 ,9 ! plumage ( ! female r$di% br[n pr$om9ates4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak grey1 & ! foot gre5i% grey4 ,! ,we/]n ,eid] ,duck 0 fir/ describ$ by ,/ell]1 f specim5s :i* he obta9$ 9 ,kams*atka1 :]e x builds on inaccessible rocks4 ,b few specim5s ( ?is r>e ,duck h be5 %ot 9 ,engl&4 ,?is species is exclusively a sea bird1 is nev] se5 ent]+ ! e/u>ies ( riv]s1 & bre$s among rocks & precipices4 ,x flies 9 l>ge flocks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,scot]s 7,oidemia7 are birds ( consid]able size1 ) rem>kably d>k plumage4 ,_! beak is mod]ately long1 broad1 irregul>ly swoll5 at its junction ) ! =ehead1 & bright col\r$4 ,! t>si are %ort1 ! toes long & l>ge1 & ! w+s ( m$ium l5g?2 ! tail1 :i* is w$ge-%ap$1 consi/s ( f\rte5 fea!rs2 ! s(t & velvety plumage only exhibits col\r on ! head & w+s4 ,all ! species belong+ to ?is gr\p are inhabitants ( high latitudes1 & bre$ )9 ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,,! ,,velvet ,,scot]4 ,! ,,velvet ,,scot] 7,oidemia fusca71 "o ( ! species mo/ common 9 ,great ,brita91 is coal-black1 ) ! exception ( a spot b5ea? ! eye1 & ano!r on ! w+1 :i* are :ite2 ! beak is bright yell[i% r$1 m>k$ ) black at ! edges & at its base2 ! feet are pale fle%-r$1 v>i$ ) black at ! jo9ts2 ! eye is pe>l-:ite4 ,! female is d>k br[n1 ) ! exception ( a :ite spot 9 ! region ( ! e>1 a :ite pat* ^u ! w+1 a yell[i% bridle-/reak1 & a grey place ^u ! c5tre ( ! brea/4 ,h] eye is br[n1 h] beak black1 & h] foot gre5i% yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is tw5ty-f\r in*es2 ! bread? =ty in*es2 ! l5g? ( ! w+ twelve in*es1 & t ( ! tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! range ( ! ,velvet ,scot] ext5ds f ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,sc&9avia ea/w>d z f> z ,am]ica4 ,9 ! nor? ( ,russia & ,sib]ia x is common4 ,dur+ its excursions x n only visits our %ores1 b goes /ill fur!r s\?w>ds1 & has occasionally be5 se5 ev5 ^u ! coa/s ( ,spa9 & 9 ,greece1 b r>ely %[s itself inl&4 ,x makes its appe>ance 9 our latitudes late 9 ! ye>1 g5]ally ab\t ! middle ( ,novemb] or ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]1 & returns to its nor!rn home e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 :]e ! sea rema9s op51 x may be met ) ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 frequ5t+ ! fjords & bays1 sometimes 9 num]\s flocks1 at o!rs only 9 small p>ties1 & seldom visits ! %ores4 ,! ,velvet ,scot] walks & flies badly1 b swims well & dives admirably4 ,naumann /ates t x is less %y ?an ! g5]ality ( its race1 a /atem5t :i* we _c subscribe to2 9 ,norway1 at lea/1 we h always obs]v$ x to be "o ( ! mo/ timid & circumspect ( div+ birds4 ,! food ( ^! ,ducks consi/s pr9cipally ( bivalve %ell-fi%2 9 _! bre$+-places !y may likewise procure insects1 worms1 & probably small fi%es2 b x is ^u ! bivalve molluscs t !y *iefly fe$1 & to obta9 ^! !y w ev5 leave _! brood+-gr\nd & fly out to sea4 ,!y h also be5 obs]v$ to fe$ ^u vegetable sub/ances4 ,^u ! m\nta9 lakes ( ,s\!rn ,norway ! ,velvet ,scot]s bre$ ) tol]able regul>ity2 & fur!r to ! nor? !re is h>dly a %eet ( wat] ( ?is description1 if n too remote f ! sea1 ^u :i* _! "y are n to be f\nd4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,june _! rudely-con/ruct$ ne/s may be met ) hidd5 9 bu%es or high grass1 or amid tufts ( ru%es4 ,! ne/ itself is con/ruct$ ( co>se /icks1 /alks1 & leaves1 loosely heap$ toge!r1 & l9$ ) d[n pluck$ f ! body ( ! female4 ,! eight or t5 eggs con/itut+ a brood are elongat$1 smoo?1 & %9+1 & ( a r$di% yell[ col\r4 ,! "y rema9 9 _! native lakes until fully able to fly1 & d n betake !mselves to ! sea till ! end ( ,octob]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,f5 ,,ducks 7,ay?ya7 are h&some1 /rongly-built birds1 ) mod]ately long beaks1 :i* are n dilat$ at ! base2 %ort1 broad-sol$ feet2 mod]ately long1 po9t$ w+s1 & smoo? plumage4 ,! range ( ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p ext5ds f ! ,arctic ,circle to ! tropics4 ,!y d n inhabit v high latitudes1 & only visit ! s\? dur+ _! migrations4 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be consid]$ z prop]ly belong+ to ! temp]ate zone4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s !y are to be met ) 9 ,s\!rn ,russia & ! l[ c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,danube1 also 9 ,greece1 ,s\? ,italy1 ,spa91 & ?r\gh\t ! nor? ( ,africa4 ,^! birds make _! migrations by night1 great numb]s ( !m fly+ toge!r 9 l>ge flocks1 g5]ally )\t any regul> ord]1 b sometimes arrang$ 9 conv]g+ oblique l9es4 ,9 ! spr+ !y are usually se5 9 pairs or 9 small p>ties4 ,dur+ ! summ] !y visit lakes ( fre% wat]1 l>ge ponds1 morasses1 or f5s hav+ a consid]able surface ( wat] ( suffici5t dep?1 sometimes resort+ to small] ponds :i* may happ5 to be 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,z reg>ds _! locomotive p[]s1 ^! ,ducks are decid$ly ! be/ end[$ ( _! family--!y c walk tol]ably well1 b1 be+ v unwieldy1 !y d n will+ly come ^u dry l&1 & !n only to repose ^u "s s&bank1 or beat up any masses ( re$s t may be ly+ on ! m>g9 ( ! pond4 ,:5 swimm+ _! body is n s deeply imm]s$ z is t ( "s ( _! cong5]s2 !y cut ?r\gh ! waves1 h[ev]1 ) ! same rapidity1 & dive z quickly z any ( _! neighb\rs4 ,_! flight is ha/y & p]=m$ by frequ5t /rokes ( _! w+s1 t make a p]ceptible ru%+ s\nd1 b d n propel !m v quickly ?r\gh ! air2 nev]!less1 !y d n seem to become fatigu$ s quickly z might be expect$4 ,dur+ ! summ] "t ! ,f5 ,ducks live almo/ entirely on vegetable sub/ances2 bulb\s roots1 buds1 & t5d] %oots ( trees1 succul5t leaves1 blossoms & se$s ( wat]-plants1 con/itute ! /aple ( _! diet2 !y w1 h[ev]1 likewise cat* aquatic insects1 fi%es1 & pond mollusca2 9 fact1 !y seem to l v>iety4 ,dur+ _! migrations !y appe> m p>tial to animal food1 & :5 !y indulge 9 ?is to any ext5t1 _! fle%1 at o!r times excell5t food1 acquires a some:at disagreeable flav\r4 ,_! bre$+-"t beg9s late 9 ! season1 g5]ally ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 :5 !y usually con/ruct _! ne/s among ! s$ges & re$s t gr[ ^u ! m>g9s ( ! m>% or pond :i* !y may h select$ = _! resid5ce4 ,:e!r ?is be fre% wat] or salt seems to be to !m a matt] ( no consequ5ce4 ,sometimes !y w build 9 situations frequ5t$ by man1 sometimes by ! side ( v small ponds1 b 9 ! latt] case !y soon remove _! "y ones to a m roomy locality4 ,aft] _! fir/ arrival !y sp5d a long "t 9 ! society ( o!r species ( ,ducks1 app>5tly )\t ev] ?9k+ ( ! great object ( _! visit4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april !y become re/less & lively1 & ! males beg9 to utt] _! amor\s call1 ! flock sep>ates into pairs1 :i* at once set to "w 9 e>ne/ to con/ruct _! ne/s4 ,!re does n seem to be any fight+ among/ ! males2 ! females quietly select _! mates1 & ! esp\s$ c\ple imm$iately resort to _! build+ gr\nd4 ,! ne/ is usually a m]e pile ( s$ges1 /alks ( re$s1 hay1 /raw1 & leaves1 slightly holl[$ at ! top1 & w>mly l9$ ) fea!rs4 ,! eggs1 eight or t5 9 numb]1 sometimes 9 exceptional cases m1 sometimes few]1 are mod]ately l>ge1 r\ndi%1 & ( a dull grey or olive-gre54 ,s long z ! female cont9ues to lay1 h] mate rema9s true to 8 duty1 & c>efully wat*es ov] h] safety4 ,:51 h[ev]1 %e beg9s to sit ^u h] eggs1 ! male des]ts 8 *>ge1 leaves h] :ile he amuses himself 9 ! society ( o!r rov+ males1 & f9ally tr\bles himself no m ab\t ei!r "m or eggs4 ,aft] ! lapse ( tw5ty-two or tw5ty-?ree days1 ! "y ones make _! appe>ance1 & on ! v day ( _! bir? are to be se5 paddl+ ab\t ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 b at fir/ !y d n v5ture beyond ! %elt] ( ! float+ h]bage at ! side ( ! pond4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 _! p>5t1 by ! pressure ( h] body1 cru%es d[n ! re$s & wat]-plants1 s z to make a sort ( b$1 to be us$ z a sleep+ or re/+ place1 & "h %e may be f\nd sitt+1 closely surr\nd$ by h] little flock1 z !y sun !mselves & pre5 _! fea!rs4 ,if di/urb$ 9 _! snug retreat1 !y endeav\r to save !mselves by repeat$ly div+1 & if ! ?reat5$ dang] cont9ues1 ! "m ha/5s to lead !m to a m seclud$ spot1 always1 if possible1 mak+ _! way ?i!r by wat]1 nev]1 except 9 cases ( urg5t necessity1 tru/+ to ! dry l&4 ,! size ( ! "y ,ducks rapidly increases1 & !y d n le>n to fly until !y h atta9$ _! full gr[?4 ,ow+ to ! excell5ce ( _! fle%1 ! *ase aft] ^! birds is eag]ly foll[$ up1 & ! sportsman is able sometimes to br+ d[n sev]al ( !m at once1 see+ t1 if pursu$1 ! "y birds always cr[d closely toge!r4 ,occasionally !y are tak5 9 consid]able numb]s by means ( decoys4 ,,! ,,r$-,,head$ ,,duck1 ,,dunbird1 ,,or ,,po*>d4 ,! ,,r$-,,head$ ,,duck1 ,,dunbird1 or ,,po*>d 7,ay?ya f]9a71 "o ( ! be/-kn[n repres5tatives ( ! above gr\p1 is ( a beautiful br[ni% r$ ^u ! head & =e "p ( ! neck1 ! front ( ! brea/ is black1 ! back & sides are pure a%-grey1 delicately m>k$ ) cross l9es ( black4 ,! "u side is greyi% :ite1 ! region ( ! v5t black2 ! w+-cov]s are a%-grey1 ! w+-spots light grey1 & ! quills & tail grey4 ,! eye is yell[1 ! beak black at its base1 & ! m>g9s else:]e bluei% grey2 ! foot is gre5i% grey4 ,9 ! female ! head & neck are r$di% greyi% br[n1 m>k$ ) an indi/9ct cresc5t ( d>k br[n4 ,h] body is :iti% grey1 & w+s a%-grey4 ,! "y males 9 _! summ] dress resemble ! females1 b are some:at bright] 9 hue1 & h ! back-fea!rs ( a pur] grey4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is n9ete5 in*es1 its bread? ?irty in*es1 ! w+ measures n9e in*es & a half1 & ! tail two in*es & a half4 ,! ,r$-head$ ,ducks are w9t] visitors to ,great ,brita91 appe>+ 9 ,octob]1 &1 z a rule1 dep>t+ 9 spr+4 ,occasionally a few h be5 said to rema9 & bre$ 9 ,norfolk4 ,^! birds d n conf9e !mselves to ! sea-coa/1 b visit inl& lakes & riv]s4 ,_! note is usually a l[ :i/le1 b1 :5 al>m$1 !y utt] a ho>se croak4 ,! ne/1 :i* is plac$ among ru%es or co>se h]bage1 conta9s f t5 to twelve buffi%-:ite eggs2 !y are ab\t two in*es long1 & "o in* & five-eigh?s broad4 ,al?\gh1 says ,audubon 79 speak+ ( ?is species1 :i* is num]\sly met ) dur+ w9t] ab\t ,new ,orleans1 ,ea/ ,florida1 & ,*esapeake ,bay71 ^! ,ducks dive mu* & to a great dep?1 :ile 9 our bays & e/u>ies1 yet :5 9 ! %all[ ponds ( ! int]ior1 !y are se5 dabbl+ 9 ! mud along ! %ores1 mu* 9 ! mann] ( ! ,mall>d2 &1 on occasionally %oot+ !m !re1 ,i h f\nd _! /oma* cramm$ ) "y tadpoles & small wat] liz>ds1 z well z ) blades ( grass2 nay1 on sev]al occasions ,i h f\nd pretty l>ge acorns & bee*-nuts 9 _! ?roats1 z well z snails1 entire or brok51 & fragm5ts ( ! %ells ( sev]al small unios1 toge!r ) mu* gravel4 ,po*>ds are sold 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ! ,london m>kets1 & ,g\ld tells u1 on reliable au?ority1 t no less ?an #ad1djj1 ! sale ( :i* produc$ #a1bjj1 h be5 captur$ 9 "o decoy4 ,! me?od by :i* ,po*>ds 7 =m]ly tak5 is ?us describ$ by ,montagu3--,poles 7 erect$ at ! av5ues lead+ to ! decoys1 & aft] a great numb] ( birds _h collect$ = "s "t on ! pond1 a net 01 at a giv5 "t1 erect$ by pulleys to ^! poles1 b5ea? :i* a deep pit _h be5 previ\sly dug2 & z ^! ,ducks1 l ! ,woodcocks1 g to fe$ j z x is d>k1 & are said always to rise aga9/ ! w9d1 a :ole flock 0 sometimes tak5 toge!r 9 ?is mann]2 = if once !y /rike aga9/ ! net1 !y nev] attempt to return1 b flutt] d[n ! net till !y are receiv$ into ! pit1 f :i* !y _c rise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,p9-,,tail$ ,,ducks 7,erismatura7 are recognisable by ! /ructure ( _! tail2 _! body is elongat$2 neck %ort & ?ick2 & head tol]ably l>ge4 ,_! beak1 :i* is flat 9 front1 & consid]ably enl>g$ t[>ds its base1 is furni%$ at its tip ) a small nail2 ! t>si are %ort2 toes long2 & ! w+s rem>kably small & mu* vault$4 ,! long1 w$ge-%ap$ tail is =m$ ( eighte5 fea!rs1 :i* are ( h>d /rong texture1 & v tap]+ t[>ds _! extremities4 ,! close h>% plumage ( ?is gr\p is readily di/+ui%able by ! peculi>ity ( its col\r+ f t ( all o!r ,ducks4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,head$ ,,p9-,,tail$ ,,duck4 ,! ,,:ite-,,head$ ,,p9-,,tail$ ,,duck 7,erismatura leucocephala7 has ! head :ite1 ) ! exception ( a l>ge black pat* ^u ! c5tre2 a b& ar\nd ! neck & ?roat is black4 ,! l[] neck & region ( ! crop are *e/nut-br[n1 f9ely m>k$ ) black2 ! mantle is greyi% yell[1 /reak$ ) black2 ! "u side r$di% yell[1 ) greyi% :ite c5tre & black m>k+s2 ! prim>y quills are grey1 & ! tail black4 ,! eye is r$di% yell[2 beak bluei% grey2 & foot r$di% grey4 ,?is species is n9ete5 in*es long & tw5ty-five in*es broad2 l5g? ( w+ six in*es & a half1 & ( tail f\r in*es & a half4 ,! female is small] ?an h] mate1 & m v>iegat$1 b is n s h&some1 ow+ to ! abs5ce ( ! :ite fea!rs & black spot t adorn ! head ( ! male2 ! upp] "p ( h] head & a spot ^u ! *eeks are br[n1 ! latt] encircl$ by a l9e ( yell[i% :ite2 ! re/ ( h] plumage is pr9cipally r$di% br[n1 m>k$ ) wat]$ black & grey l9es4 ,! ,:ite-head$ ,p9-tail is met ) ?r\gh\t ! s\? & s\?-ea/ p>ts ( ,europe1 ! s\? p>ts ( ,s\!rn ,asia1 & ,nor?-we/ ,africa2 x is1 h[ev]1 sc>c] ?an ! g5]ality ( ,ducks1 ev5 9 localities :]e x is mo/ frequ5tly obs]v$4 ,x is pr9cipally abundant on ! lakes ( ,asia1 :il/ 9 c\ntries m to ! we/ x seems less common4 ,9 ,greece x is a regul> visitant1 b has n yet be5 f\nd 9 ,spa94 ,buvry & ,tri/ram enc\nt]$ x ^u ! lakes ( ,alg]ia1 & ! fir/-m5tion$ naturali/ succe$$ 9 obta9+ its eggs4 ,! ,:ite-head$ ,ducks1 says ,buvry1 are mo/ elegant birds1 & are always met ) 9 pairs4 ,_! beautiful light blue beak =ms a lively contra/ to _! :ite head & br[n body4 ,_! attitude :5 swimm+ is v /rik+2 !y lift up _! tail almo/ p]p5dicul>ly1 & glide lightly & quickly ov] ! wat] l s _m little boats4 ,if pursu$ !y seldom h rec\rse to _! w+s2 nev]!less1 su* is ! rapidity ( _! movem5ts 9 ! wat] t !y are r>ely captur$4 ,!y lie s deep :5 swimm+ t1 ) ! exception ( _! head1 neck1 & tail1 v little ( !m is se52 & if !y *oose to ex]t !mselves :5 paddl+ ) _! p[]ful & broadly-webb$ feet1 !y swim & dive ) all ! facility ( a ,cormorant4 ,9 _! flight !y r resemble ,div]s ?an ord9>y ,ducks1 & ! rapid motion ( _! w+s produces a v audible :irr+ s\nd4 ,_! voice1 :i* is a some:at j>r+ quack1 rem9ds u ( t ( ! ,duck4 ,! food ( ^! birds consi/s ( molluscs & fi%es4 ,9 ,c5tral ,asia _! bre$+-"t occurs lat] ?an t ( any ( _! k9dr$1 _! eggs be+ nev] met ) be=e ,july4 ,! ne/ is difficult to f9d1 z x is c>efully hidd5 9 ! ?icke/ entanglem5ts ( ! re$s1 ru%es1 & bu%es1 t ab\nd 9 _! fav\rite resorts2 occasionally x is /ill fur!r conceal$ by a cov]+ ( simil> mat]ials4 ,! ne/s f\nd by ,tri/ram 9 ,alg]ia conta9$--! "o ?ree & ! o!r eight eggs4 ,^!1 he says1 are v l>ge 9 proportion to ! size ( ! bird1 ( a regul> elliptical %ape1 v r\gh %ell$1 &1 unlike ^? ( o!r ,ducks1 ( a d+y :ite4 ,we h no in=mation respect+ ! re>+ ( ! "y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,m]gans]s1 or ,,goos&]s 7,m]gi71 are di/+ui%able by _! v elongate body1 mod]ately long1 ?9 neck1 & l>ge head1 :i* is g5]ally ornam5t$ by a tuft or hood2 _! bill is long1 /raight1 or slightly ar*$1 sl5d]1 & almo/ cyl9drical2 its call\s m>g9s are %>p & /rongly d5ticulat$1 & its tip t]m9at$ by a /rong hook2 ! legs are %ort1 & plac$ v f> backw>ds1 ! feet l>ge1 & toes long2 ! h9d toe is furni%$ ) a supplem5t>y web1 resembl+ t ( "s ( ! ,div]s4 ,! w+s are ( mod]ate l5g?1 & v acutely po9t$1 ! fir/ & second quills be+ ! longe/2 ! tail1 :i* consi/s ( sixte5 or eighte5 fea!rs1 is %ort1 broad1 & r\nd$2 ! plumage is %ort1 ?ick1 & prettily col\r$1 b ! col\rs v>y at diff]5t ages1 & also 9 ! sexes z well z at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,^! rem>kable birds walk badly1 ) a vacillat+ waddl+ gait1 keep+ _! bodies erect1 b !y are excell5t swimm]s1 & dive ) wond]ful facility4 ,_! flight is rapid1 light1 & some:at resembles t ( ! ,duck4 ,:5 ,m]gans]s fly 9 company1 z !y frequ5tly d1 !y range !mselves 9 a c]ta9 regul> ord]2 !y rise readily1 b ) a l\d noise1 spla%+ ) _! feet ^u ! wat]1 & :5 !y alight aga9 9 t elem5t1 fly obliquely d[nw>ds1 & ei!r at once dive or /op !mselves by means ( _! out/ret*$ tail4 ,all ! memb]s ( ?is family belong to ! nor!rn regions ( our globe1 b are met ) pretty equally bo? 9 ! ea/]n & we/]n hemisph]es4 ,:5 driv5 s\? by ! int5sity ( ! cold1 _! migrations sometimes ext5d to ! s\? ( ,europe1 & to correspond+ latitudes 9 ,c5tral ,asia & ,am]ica4 ,! ,goos&]s subsi/ *iefly ^u fi%es1 cru/aceans1 worms1 & insects2 ! fi%es !y obta9 by div+1 & *as+ !m ?r\gh ! wat]1 exactly aft] ! mann] ( ! true ,div]s4 ,^! birds are /rictly monogam\s1 & con/ruct _! ne/s sometimes ^u ! gr\nd1 9 clumps ( h]bage1 among re$s1 9 holl[ trunks1 or among/ ! bran*es ( trees1 & occasionally 9 ! des]t$ homes ( o!r birds4 ,! ne/ is in>ti/ically =m$ ( dri$ /alks1 leaves1 moss1 & ru%es1 w>mly l9$ ) d[n4 ,! brood consi/s ( f sev5 to f\rte5 unspott$ grey or gre5i% :ite eggs4 ,! female alone broods1 sitt+ = a p]iod ( f tw5ty-two to tw5ty-f\r days1 ! male always tak+ up a position 9 ! neighb\rhood ( 8 mate4 ,at fir/ he seems to take "s int]e/ 9 8 "y brood1 b soon =sakes !m1 & jo9+ company ) o!rs ( 8 own sex1 retires f 8 family c>es 9 ord] to und]go 8 autumnal m\lt4 ,! fle% ( ! ,goos&]s is disagreeable1 & ( an oily ta/e1 b !y are (t5 kill$ = ! sake ( _! d[n & fea!rs4 ,! eggs are 9 mu* reque/4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,head$ ,,goos&]4 ,! ,,:ite-,,head$ ,,goos&] 7,m]gellus albellus7 has be5 made ! repres5tative ( a di/9ct sub-family1 probably on acc\nt ( ! %ortness & bread? ( its bill1 & ! peculi>ities 9 its mode ( life4 ,?is bird be>s a great resemblance to "s ( ! ,div]s1 & !re=e mu/ be plac$ ne> !m4 ,! summ] dress ( ! male is pure :ite1 a spot betwe5 ! eyes1 ! beak1 & a b& across ! nape are blacki% gre52 ! back & a portion ( ! w+s1 two small /ripes ^u ! %\ld]1 & a long /ripe above ! w+ are black2 ! sides are bluei% grey1 cross-wav$ ) black2 ! prim>y quills blacki% br[n1 & ! tail-fea!rs grey2 ! eye is bluei% grey1 ! beak & foot greyi% blue4 ,! l5g? is n9ete5 in*es1 ! bread? ?irty in*es2 ! l5g? ( w+ eight in*es & a half1 & ! l5g? ( tail ?ree in*es4 ,9 ! female1 :i* is small] ?an h] mate1 ! head & h9d] neck are br[n1 ! bridles black1 ! ?roat & "u "p ( ! body :ite1 ! fea!rs ( ! mantle grey1 ! upp] brea/ & sides :iti%1 transv]sely wav$ ) black4 ,aft] ! summ] m\lt ! dress ( ! male v mu* resembles t ( ! female4 ,! real habitat ( ! ,:ite-head$ or ,dw>f ,goos&]1 z x is sometimes call$1 seems to be 9 ,nor!rn ,asia1 f :5ce x ext5ds we/w>d into ,nor!rn ,europe1 & ea/w>dly into ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,am]ica4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 h[ev]1 x w&]s f> s\?w>d4 ,x is !n to be met ) 9 consid]able numb]s ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,*9a1 be+ m especially abundant 9 ! nor!rn prov9ces ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire4 ,x is1 moreov]1 a regul> visitant to ,nor!rn ,india1 & is n unfrequ5tly se5 9 ,c5tral & 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,x seems to be m sc>ce 9 ! ,s\!rn ,prov9ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 = ,audubon in=ms u t 9 ! we/]n division1 at lea/1 x 0 a bird ( unusual occurr5ce4 ,9 v h>d w9t]s x makes its appe>ance 9 ,g]many1 z e>ly z ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 b m usually n until ! middle ( ,decemb]1 return+ aga9 to ! nor? 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,x is likewise a w9t] visitor to ! %ores ( ,great ,brita91 l>ge numb]s be+ sometimes se5 on ! ea/]n or s\!rn coa/s ( ,engl&4 ,x is r>ely f\nd nor? ( ! ,humb]1 & is comp>atively r>e 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,switz]l& x may be met ) ev5 s late z ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,?is species is g5]ally only to be f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( fre%-wat] lakes1 sometimes1 b only casually1 x may be se5 9 quiet bays ^u ! sea-coa/1 m especially 9 su* z are at ! m\?s ( riv]s4 ,unlike ! ,div]s1 x seems to pref] fl[+ /reams to /agnant wat]1 & (t5 w&]s along ! c\rse ( riv]s1 f :i* x only makes excursions to su* lakes & ponds z may be free f ice4 ,:5 walk+1 ! ,dw>f ,goos&] holds its body 9 a horizontal position1 ) its head retract$2 x walks ) a waddl+ gait1 b bett] ?an ! g5]ality ( its ne> allies4 ,:5 swimm+ x keeps itself ab\t half subm]g$1 & :5 x dives x /ret*es itself out to its full l5g?1 & disappe>s 9 an in/ant4 ,its flight1 :i* v mu* resembles t ( ! small] ,ducks1 is rapid1 /raight1 accompani$ by a slight :irr+ ( ! w+s1 & is g5]ally b little elevat$ above ! surface ( ! gr\nd or ( ! wat]4 ,x is rem>kably lively 9 its disposition1 & ev5 dur+ ! bitt]e/ cold wea!r is sprightly & active4 ,^! birds may g5]ally be recognis$ by ! mann] ( _! div+2 ! ,true ,div]s1 aft] _! plunge1 g5]ally reappe> close to ! spot :]e !y w5t d[n1 b ! ,goos&]s swim :ile "u wat] to a consid]able di/ance1 %oot+ along l a pike or a tr\t1 & z !y c keep subm]g$ = a m9ute at a "t1 x is n easy to calculate :]e !y w come up aga94 ,!y live pr9cipally ^u small fi%es1 cru/aceans1 & aquatic insects1 & 9 conf9em5t1 at lea/1 d n refuse vegetables2 !y w also eat bread gre$ily4 ,9 cat*+ fi%es !y are q z skilful z ! l>g] ,div]s1 & x is v int]e/+ to wat* a flock ( !m ?us employ$4 ,n[ y see !m swimm+ altoge!r2 9 a mom5t !y all vani% at once1 & ! wat] becomes di/urb$ by _! movem5ts und]nea?2 at l5g? !y come up aga9 "o aft] ano!r1 b widely sep>at$1 & (t5 f ?irty to fifty y>ds f ! place :]e !y w5t d[n4 ,aga9 !y congregate1 & anon !y dive aga92 "s ( !m com+ up p]haps close to ! %ore4 ,sometimes !y are oblig$ to procure _! food ?r\gh small holes 9 ! ice1 (t5 n a foot squ>e1 & to pursue _! game b5ea? ! froz5 surface1 only pres5t+ !mselves e n[ & !n at ! ap]ture = a supply ( air4 ,_! p[] ( see+ "u ! wat] mu/ !re=e be v good1 or !y w\ld nev] be able to f9d ! brok5 place at :i* to em]ge4 ,:]e ! supply ( food is scanty !y w rake up ! bottoms ( ponds1 9 se>* ( frogs or insects4 ,! habit ( div+ all at once is peculi> to ! ,goos&]s1 & ! explanation ( ?is manuvre seems to be t by s do+ !y come among ! a/oni%$ fi%es 9 all directions1 ?us enabl+ "o bird to cat* ^? t are try+ to escape f ano!r2 b we h nev] se5 !m1 z "s writ]s ass]t1 arrange !mselves 9 ! =m ( a cresc5t1 s z to drive ! fi%es1 z x 71 into a n>r[ space4 ,ab\t ! bre$+ ( ^! birds we are v imp]fectly in=m$2 we "k1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! nor? ( ,russia !y assemble 9 great numb]s1 & build _! ne/s ^u ! %ore1 or ^u small isl&s1 sometimes 9 holl[ trees4 ,we "k1 likewise1 t _! ne/ is compos$ ( dry broom 7,g5i/a7 & grasses1 l9$ ) fea!rs1 & t _! eggs1 eight to twelve 9 numb]1 are ( a dirty :ite1 or gre5i% br[n col\r1 b we are ignorant ei!r ( ! duration ( _! incubation1 or ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y educate _! prog5y4 ,,! ,,gre5-,,head$ ,,goos&]4 ,! ,,gre5-,,head$ ,,goos&] 7,m]gus m]gans]7 diff]s f ! prec$+ species n only 9 its great] size1 b 9 ! /ructure ( its bill1 :i* is elongat$ & compress$ at its sides4 ,9 8 summ] dress ! male is blacki% gre5 ^u ! head & upp] neck2 ! upp] back1 %\ld]s1 & m>g9s ( ! w+s are black2 ! :ole "u surface & ! upp] w+-cov]s are ( a beautiful yell[i% r$2 ! w+-spot is :ite4 ,! w+-quills are black1 ! l[] tail-cov]s grey1 f9ely m>k$ ) black1 & ! tail-fea!rs grey4 ,! eye is r$di% yell[1 beak coral-r$1 & foot pale r$4 ,! female has ! upp] head & nape br[n1 ! back-fea!rs bluei% grey1 ! "u surface ( h] body & ! w+-spot :ite2 ! =e p>ts ( h] brea/ & sides are grey1 m>k$ ) a d>k] & a light] %ade4 ,aft] ! summ] m\lt ! plumage ( ! male is v simil> to t ( ! female1 b some:at m beautiful4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is f ?irty to ?irty-two in*es2 bread?1 =ty to =ty-two in*es2 l5g? ( w+1 twelve in*es2 l5g? ( tail1 ?ree in*es4 ,! ,gre5-head$ ,goos&] inhabits ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica1 be+ pretty equally di/ribut$ 9 all ^! cont95ts3 its migrations1 :i* occur ) mu* great] regul>ity ?an ^? ( ! ,m]gellus albellus1 ext5d1 on ! "o h&1 to all ! s\!rn c\ntries ( ,europe1 ! s\? ( ,*9a1 & nor? ( ,india2 & on ! o!r1 to ! extreme s\? prov9ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a few pairs are occasionally kn[n to bre$ 9 ! ,orkneys & ,hebrides1 b ) u by f> ! great] numb] only arrive f ! nor? ab\t ! end ( ,novemb]1 & return ?i!r 9 ,febru>y4 ,! ,gre5-head$ ,goos&] may ju/ly be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( aquatic birds4 ,) ! exception ( a few h\rs at noon1 he is inv>iably to be se5 9 ! wat]4 ,^u dry l& 8 gait is waddl+1 & 8 flight1 al?\gh rapid1 lab\r$ & heavy2 b ^u ! sea he is q at home4 ,:5 swimm+ quietly ^u ! surface he r[s himself along ) p[]ful b sl[ly-repeat$ /rokes ( 8 broad feet1 pass+ ?r\gh ! wat] ) tol]able velocity4 ,%\ld he1 h[ev]1 ca/ an envi\s eye ^u "s o!r bird t has caught & is ab\t to swall[ a fi% he w\ld fa9 appropriate1 he ru%es 9 pursuit ) truly wond]ful rapidity4 ,9 div+ he is equally adroit1 plung+ sudd5ly d[n )\t ! lea/ s\nd or commotion1 & 9 cle> wat]1 :]e 8 c>e]1 z he /e]s 8 c\rse half way betwe5 ! surface & ! bottom c be obs]v$1 8 rapid progress seems r to resemble ! movem5ts ( a tr\t ?an ^? ( a bird4 ,on occasions he c rema9 "u wat] = two m9utes at a "t2 g5]ally1 h[ev]1 he comes up 9 ab\t a m9ute1 & 9 ?is %ort p]iod1 not)/&+ all ! ins & outs ( 8 zigzag c\rse1 w h div$1 z %[n by ! place ( 8 reappe>ance1 upw>ds ( #ajj y>ds4 ,z long z ^! birds c obta9 a suffici5t supply1 !y subsi/ exclusively ^u fi%es1 pref]r+ su* z are ab\t five or six in*es long1 al?\gh !y are well able to vanqui% & swall[ ^? ( mu* l>g] size4 ,! bre$+-place ( ^! ,goos&]s is g5]ally 9 latitudes v f> nor?1 _! usual resort be+ to ! ,dani% isl&s1 & ev5 /ill f>!r nor?4 ,_! p]iod ( incubation comm5ces ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,june4 ,! ne/ is con/ruct$ 9 v>i\s situations1 (t5 9 "s excavation 9 ! gr\nd1 hidd5 betwe5 /ones or bu%es1 on ! tops ( poll>d will[s1 on ! l(ty eyries ( birds ( prey1 9 ! des]t$ ne/s ( ,cr[s1 or )9 ! cavities ( holl[ trees4 ,at ,jana-,elf we saw l>ge *e/s1 resembl+ dove-cots1 ^u all ! talle/ trees2 ^! we 7 told 7 int5d$ specially to induce ! ,goos&]s to build _! ne/s1 & lay _! eggs 9 !m4 ,^! bre$+-boxes are likewise 9 common use among ! ,lapps & ,f9ns1 &1 z we le>n$1 7 regul>ly visit$ by ! bre$+ birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gre5-,,head$ ,,goos&] 7,m]gus m]gans]74 ,! ne/ itself is m or less arti/ically con/ruct$ ( twigs1 /alks1 /raw-grass1 leaves1 & simil> mat]ials1 always well & w>mly l9$ ) d[n4 ,! brood consi/s ( f eight to f\rte5 eggs1 b by regul>ly ab/ract+ !m z !y are laid1 ! female w sometimes produce d\ble ^? numb]s4 ,! eggs are well-%ap$1 r elongate1 slightly %9+1 & ( a delicate gre5i% br[n1 grey1 or dirty olive-gre5 col\r4 ,only ! female sits1 & ^u h] ! gu>dian%ip ( ! "y brood almo/ entirely devolves4 ,su* z are born 9 ne/s plac$ at a consid]able height1 mu/ necess>ily be br\ght by h] to ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 b we are n aw>e t any naturali/ has witness$ su* a proce$+4 ,x is j possible t1 l "s ,ducks & ,geese1 !y may leap f ! ne/ tru/+ to _! flutt]+ w+s & ?ick d[ny cov]+ to come (f sca!less4 ,7 we to judge by ! obs]vations we h _h opportunities ( mak+ relative to ! bre$+ ( ! ,r$-brea/$ ,m]gans] 7,m]gus s]rator71 we %\ld say t ! "y brood at fir/ comport !mselves exactly l "y ,ducks2 soon1 h[ev]1 _! natural peculi>ities & special end[m5ts beg9 to %[ !mselves1 & aft] ! lapse ( ab\t eight days1 !y adopt ! habits ( _! race4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ !y live ^u small cru/aceans & l>v1 caught ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 b on ! ?ird day are able to dive1 & f ! eigh? day are q capable ( fi%+ = !mselves4 ,!y gr[ v rapidly1 & soon become indep5d5t4 ,accord+ to ,naumann ! in/9ct = brood+ is s /rong 9 ^! birds1 t if robb$ ( _! eggs1 !y w take possession ( ! ne/ ( a ,duck1 & aft] =cibly driv+ away its own]1 w sit ^u h] eggs till !y are hat*$4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,sea-,,fli]s 7,longip5nes74 ,,9 ! broad-bill$ wat] birds1 we h _h an opportunity ( admir+ ! mann] 9 :i* _! p[] ( swimm+ becomes m & m complete4 ,9 ! ,sea-fli]s we %all recognise ! tyrants ( ! ocean1 see+ t 9 _! pres5ce ! swimm+ birds1 :e!r inhabitants ( ! coa/ or *ildr5 ( ! wave are subs]vi5t4 ,! great "* :]eby ! ,longip5nes are di/+ui%$ is ! enorm\s developm5t ( _! w+s1 :ile t ( _! feet rema9s comp>atively 9 abeyance4 ,"s ( !m1 x is true1 are well able bo? to swim & to walk1 b _! special adaptation is = flight4 ,_! p[] ( fly+ is supreme1 & 9 ?is !y are surpass$ by no o!r birds4 ,z to _! g5]al /ructure1 !re is a great simil>ity betwe5 ! diff]5t races4 ,_! body is p[]ful1 _! neck %ort1 & _! head ( mod]ate size4 ,_! beak1 :i* is ( m$ium l5g?1 is compress$ at ! sides & %>p-po9t$ or hook$ at ! end2 9 con=mity ) ?is /ructure1 ! upp] m&ible is m or less ar*$1 :ile ! "u jaw at a little di/ance f its apex1 is /r5g!n$ by an angul> enl>gem5t4 ,_! feet are feeble 9 proportion to ! size ( _! bodies1 & only webb$ ^u ! ?ree ant]ior toes2 moreov]1 ev5 ^u ^! ! webs are (t5 v imp]fectly develop$4 ,! w+s are always long1 & %>p-po9t$1 m or less n>r[ & proportionately v l>ge2 _! tail is ( mod]ate dim5sions1 ei!r truncate1 greatly r\nd$1 po9t$1 or =k$ at ! extremity1 & usually compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! g5]al plumage is v ?ick & ri*1 b n p>ticul>ly well-furni%$ ) d[n2 its col\r is mu* v>i$1 & *anges ) ! age ( ! bird & at diff]5t seasons4 ,9 all ! above *>act]s & 9 _m o!rs t might be adduc$ f an exam9ation ( _! int]nal /ructure1 ^! birds diff] f ! ,swimm]s 9 s _m p>ticul>s t !y _c be consid]$ z 9 any way belong+ to ! same ord]4 ,! doma9 ( ! ,sea-fli]s is ! ocean1 _! t]ritory ! wide _w4 ,"s families seem m especially to frequ5t coa/s1 o!rs pref] fre% wat] to ! salt sea1 b ^! are m]e exceptions4 ,sweep+ cont9ually ov] ! waves1 or skimm+ 9 ! proximity ( coa/s1 !y w&] ov] ! sea & circle r\nd ! globe4 ,by "o tie only are !y b\nd to ! dry l&1 & t is1 _! affection = _! (fspr+4 ,!y lay _! eggs ^u ! l&1 & !re wat* ov] _! "y brood until _! w+s atta9 suffici5t /r5g? to enable !m to jo9 _! bre?r5 9 ! air2 ! re/ ( _! "t is = ! mo/ "p devot$ to ! sea1 ^u :i* !y sometimes repose1 or1 9 exceptional cases1 sleep ^u ! %ore4 ,_! flight is long] su/a9$ ?an t ( ! ,swall[s or ,swifts1 or ev5 ( ! ,humm+-birds1 = !y fly n only dur+ ! :ole day b (t5 likewise ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,x is to ?is untir+ en]gy & con/ant re/lessness t we mu/ attribute ! b\ndless range ov] :i* p>ticul> species spread !mselves4 ,"s ( !m inde$ h lit]ally a _w-wide di/ribution1 & visit e climate betwe5 ! equator & ! pol> seas4 ,o!rs aga91 re/rict _! w&]+s1 or migrations1 or flights1 or :atev] ! read] may *oose to call !m1 ei!r )9 m or less def9ite regions1 or )9 c]ta9 degrees ( latitude2 x mu/1 h[ev]1 be kept 9 m9d t ^! b\nd>ies are n coa/s or c\ntries1 b :ole cont95ts & oceans4 ,all ,sea-fli]s are div]s1 b1 ow+ to ! ?ickness ( _! plumage1 "s are less capable ?an o!rs ( plung+ f> b5ea? ! surface4 ,!y g5]ally fly ov] ! waves at a c]ta9 altitude1 disport+ !mselves 9 ! sun%9e %\ld ! wea!r be f9e1 or battl+ ) ! elem5ts dur+ a /orm4 ,:ile fly+1 _! att5tion is anxi\sly b5t ^u ! sea b5ea?1 on ! look-out = food1 ^u :i*1 :5 discov]$1 !y in/antly d>t d[n1 "s ( !m ) ! /raightness & rapidity ( an arr[1 o!rs m leisurely1 :ile "s1 be=e !y seize _! prey1 settle d[n & swim4 ,all are equally rapaci\s1 :e!r !y cat* food = !mselves or rob o!r birds ( _! h>d-e>n$ booty1 :e!r !y dev\r liv+ victims or cont5t !mselves ) fe$+1 l ! ,vultures1 ^u c>rion4 ,:atev] ! sea pres5ts = _! acceptance !y gre$ily swall[4 ,9 _! mode ( bre$+ ^! birds v mu* resemble ea* o!r4 ,_! ne/s are g5]ally plac$ ^u ! gr\nd1 sometimes 9 wild mosses & swamps1 sometimes on l$ges or projections ( rocks1 & 9 ! holes & excavations ( ! soil4 ,occasionally !y select precipit\s cliffs & m\nta9s1 m r>ely trees2 "s lay b "o egg1 o!rs two1 ?ree1 or f\r4 ,all %[ mu* att5tion to _! mates & (fspr+4 ,! "y are at once introduc$ to _! future elem5t1 :]e !y soon le>n to cat* _! own food4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,t]ns1 or ,,sea ,,swall[s 7,/]n71 are a race ( middle-siz$ or small sl5d]ly-built birds4 ,_! beak is ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 h>d1 /raight1 or g5tly ar*$ t[>ds ! tip1 bo? 9 ! upp] & l[] m&ible4 ,! feet are feeble1 & provid$ ) toes unit$ by a %ort or deeply-excavat$ web1 & furni%$ ) slightly-curv$ %>p claws4 ,! w+s are long1 n>r[1 & %>p-po9t$1 ! fir/ quill be+ ! longe/2 ! tail1 :i* is ( m$ium l5g?1 consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 & is m or less =k$4 ,! ?ick1 s(t1 close plumage is col\r$ light blue1 black1 & :ite1 & v>ies b little ei!r ) ! sexes1 age1 or season ( ! ye>4 ,! ,t]ns are v ext5sively di/ribut$1 inhabit+ e zone2 /ill !y appe> to pref] w>m & temp]ate climates to ! cold] regions1 only visit+ ! latt]1 inde$1 = a %ort "t dur+ ! ye>4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p live bo? ^u ! sea & fre% wat]1 & dur+ _! w&]+s foll[ ! w9d+s ( coa/s & ! c\rses ( riv]s2 "s species pref] flat1 b>e %ores1 o!rs resort to localities ri* 9 vegetation1 :ile o!rs1 aga91 delight 9 ! neighb\rhood ( woods4 ,all are exce$+ly active1 & f sunset to sunrise are con/antly on ! w+2 _! nights are pass$ on dry l&1 b !y app>5tly require less repose ?an any ( _! k9dr$4 ,!y walk badly1 & :5 on ! gr\nd hold _! body 9 a horizontal position1 slightly depress$ 9 front1 s t ! tips ( _! long sabre-l w+s are high] ?an _! head1 :i* is kept 9 a retract$ position4 ,9 ! wat] !y swim l corks1 _! little feet be+ almo/ incapable ( assi/+ !m 9 t elem5t2 on ! o!r h&1 _! p[]s ( flight are wond]ful1 & w be> comp>ison 9 e respect ) ^? ( ! ,swall[4 ,:5 n 9 ha/e !y move _! w+s ) sl[ wide-spread+ /rokes1 & ?us glide onw>ds ?r\gh ! air 9 a g5tly undulat+ l9e2 b if urg$ to spe$ !y beat ! w9d ) p[]ful rapid j]ks1 & skim along ) indescribable velocity4 ,9 f9e wea!r !y disport !mselves almo/ aft] ! mann] ( ,swall[s1 sweep+ r\nd & r\nd 9 broad circles1 & p]=m+ a v>iety ( elegant curves & graceful evolutions2 b 9 a /orm _! en]gies seem r\s$ to ! utmo/1 & !y may !n be se5 battl+ untir+ly aga9/ ! gale4 ,g5]ally !y fly v l[ ov] ! surface ( ! wat]1 ris+ & s9k+ z ! waves heave & fall1 till sudd5ly1 ) close-%ut w+s1 !y d>t obliquely into ! sea1 s9k+ s deep t !y almo/ disappe>1 b1 imm$iately ris+ aga91 !y %ake _! w+s & recomm5ce _! devi\s c\rse ov] ! bill[s4 ,9 ?is mann] !y fly ov] a va/ ext5t ( wat] dur+ ! day1 b h[ev] widely !y may w&]1 return aga9 & aga9 to ! same track1 & nev] remove f> f ! locality :5ce !y />t$4 ,! disagreeable %riek+ cry utt]$ by ^! birds v>ies b little 9 diff]5t species4 ,al?\gh ! ,t]ns are v sociable 9 _! int]c\rse ) _! own k9d1 !y appe> to take b little he$ ( ! re/ ( _! fea!r$ companions1 ev5 :51 z is (t5 ! case1 !y associate ) !m 9 se>* ( food4 ,! diet ( ! ,sea ,swall[s consi/s pr9cipally ( fi%es & a v>iety ( creatures met ) 9 ! sea1 _! prey be+ always tak5 :5 on ! w+4 ,^! birds are /rictly monogam\s3 a few weeks be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season !y beg9 to assemble 9 ! vic9ity ( _! meet+-place1 return+ ye> aft] ye> to ! same locality4 ,su* species z inhabit ! sea-%ore g5]ally select coral-banks1 isl&s1 or long spits ( b>e s& = ?is purpose1 :ile su* z settle inl& seek out simil>1 b less b>r5 spots1 9 ! vic9ity ( swamps & m>%es1 ! v>i\s species usually bre$+ ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,su* z resort to morasses lay _! eggs 9 a m]e depression ( ! gr\nd4 ,_! unpret5d+ apologies = a ne/ are sometimes isolat$1 sometimes s cr[d$ toge!r z lit]ally to cov] ! gr\nd s ?ickly1 t ! brood+ birds h all to sit ) _! heads 9 "o direction1 & a man _c pass betwe5 !m )\t cru%+ ! eggs ( contigu\s ne/s4 ,ev5 su* species z resort to trees con/ruct no?+ 9 ! %ape ( a ne/1 b deposit _! eggs 9 *9ks ( ! b>k or inequalities ( ! bran*es4 ,mo/ ( ! ,t]ns lay ?ree eggs1 o!rs two1 :il/ ^? t bre$ on trees deposit b "o4 ,! male & female brood alt]nately2 dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 h[ev]1 !y leave _! eggs to be kept w>m by ! sun4 ,! "y are hat*$ 9 ab\t a =tnight or ?ree weeks1 & make _! appe>ance clad 9 d[n2 !y leave ! holl[ t has s]v$ z a ne/ on ! day ( _! bir?1 & run at once d[n to ! wat]'s edge1 q z fa/ z _! p>5ts1 by :om !y are anxi\sly & c>efully t5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ch1 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,/]na ,,hirundo ,,common ,,t]n 7ab\t #a_/c ,nat4 size7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,caspian ,,t]n 7,sylo*elidon ,caspia74 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,rapaci\s ,,t]ns 7,sylo*elidon7 are ! l>ge/ ( ! ,sea ,swall[s1 & di/+ui%able f o!r species by _! proportionately /rong1 compress$ body1 z also by _! l>ge /rong beak1 :i* is long] ?an ! head4 ,! foot is small1 & ! web b little excis$2 _! w+ is long & sabre-l2 ! tail b slightly =k$2 & ! g5]al plumage close & ?ick4 ,,! ,,caspian ,,t]n4 ,! ,,caspian ,,t]n 7,sylo*elidon ,caspia7 is tw5ty in*es long1 & fifty across ! spread ( its w+s2 ! w+ measures sixte51 & tail six in*es2 ! fea!rs ^u ! top ( ! head are black1 ^? on ! sides ( neck1 upp] back1 & "u surface ( body1 pure :ite2 ! mantle is light greyi% blue2 ! tips ( ! w+-quills are d>k] & ^? ( ! tail-fea!rs light] ?an ! g5]al col\r ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! plumage4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak coral-r$1 & ! foot black4 ,9 w9t] ! top ( ! head is black & :ite2 9 "y birds ! fea!rs ( ! back are transv]sely spott$ ) br[n4 ,! ,caspian ,t]n inhabits ,c5tral ,asia & ,s\!rn ,europe2 x bre$s1 h[ev]1 exceptionally 9 ! ,isl& ( ,sylt1 z well z ^u "s p>ts ( ! ,dut* & ,fr5* coa/s4 ,dur+ ! w9t] x appe>s ^u ! s\!rn %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean & ! l[] lakes ( ,egypt1 z also 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,r$ ,sea & ,indian ,ocean2 x occurs on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 b does n seem to h cross$ ! ,atlantic4 ,9 ,engl& sev]al specim5s h be5 %ot 9 ,norfolk & o!r p>ts ( ! ea/ coa/4 ,on ! ,isl& ( ,sylt x arrives t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ,april1 & aft] re>+ its "y1 dep>ts 9 ,augu/4 ,?is bird may g5]ally be se5 fly+ at a height ( =ty or fifty feet1 its head1 ) its %9+ r$ beak1 be+ direct$ d[nw>ds1 & its great w+s sl[ly wav+1 until f "t to "t x plunges headlong into ! wat] aft] its prey4 ,:5 9 se>* ( a re/+-place x betakes itself ) its companions to "s rocky locality ne> ! %ore1 :]e !y all p]* 9 a close rank1 ) _! heads turn$ t[>ds ! sea1 9 :i* position !y are readily mi/ak5 = ,sea ,gulls4 ,! t]m rapaci\s has be5 well appli$ to ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p4 ,fi%es =m _! ord9>y food1 b !y likewise dev\r coa/ & wat] birds1 swall[+ !m ) great ease & reli%4 ,9 ,india !y hunt eag]ly aft] crabs1 & ev]y:]e voraci\sly fe$ ^u ! eggs ( o!r birds :5ev] !y c obta9 !m4 ,s*ill+ tells u he has se5 !m fly to ! bre$+-places ( ,sea-f[l1 & al?\gh at once attack$ by ! brood+ p>5ts1 make _! way to ! ne/s q reg>dless ( ! clam\r1 & help !mselves )\t /9t4 ,naumann & he visit$ a celebrat$ colony ( ?is species at ! nor!rn extremity ( ! ,isl& ( ,sylt1 :]e !y f\nd _! eggs laid ^u ! b>e s& 9 little holl[s1 at a %ort di/ance f ! wat]1 ! diff]5t broods n be+ m ?an two feet ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,! eggs 9 %ape & size mu* resembl$ ^? ( tame ,ducks4 ,_! %ells are smoo?1 b n %9+1 & _! gr\nd col\r a dirty br[ni% :ite1 m>k$ ) a%-grey & black2 consid]able diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 0 obs]vable ev5 9 ^? 9 ! same ne/4 ,^! birds beg9 to lay ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may2 9 ,sylt ! inhabitants regul>ly take ! eggs1 only all[+ !m to beg9 to brood eight or t5 days be=e ,midsumm]4 ,%\ld a man approa* _! ne/s1 bo? male & female endeav\r to def5d x1 & raise a t]rible outcry4 ,! "y are clo!d 9 d[n1 ( a greyi% black above & :ite on ! "u surface2 !y soon run ab\t1 & = "s days are assidu\sly f$ ) small fi%es1 :i* are br\ght to !m by bo? p>5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,riv] ,,t]ns 7,/]na7 are di/+ui%$ f ! prec$+ birds by _! some:at ar*$1 mod]ately %ort beak1 small %ort-to$ feet1 & deeply-=k$ tail2 & by _! frequ5t occurr5ce at ! m\?s or along ! banks ( riv]s1 or ( inl& /reams or lakes4 ,9 size !y are consid]ably small] ?an ! ,caspian ,t]ns1 & _! flight is mu* m graceful & ,swall[-l1 always excit+ ! admiration ( ! behold]4 ,,! ,,common ,,t]n4 ,! ,,common ,,t]n 7,/]na hirundo1 ,col\r$ ,plate ,,xxxviii471 :5 9 its adult plumage1 closely resembles ! ,caspian ,sea ,swall[1 b may be recognis$ by its inf]ior size1 ! grey col\r ( ! "u p>ts ( ! body1 & by its r$ feet4 ,9 "y birds ! plumage ( ! back1 l t ( ! prec$+ species1 is transv]sely spott$ ) br[n1 b ! feet are ( a yell[i% %ade4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is f sixte5 to sev5te5 in*es2 ( ^! six & a half belong to ! tail1 ! =k be+ f\r in*es deep2 ! span ( ! w+s is tw5ty-?ree in*es4 ,x is at pres5t unc]ta9 :e!r all ,riv] ,t]ns are to be reg>d$ z belong+ to ?is species or n4 ,%\ld !y be f\nd to d s1 _! habitat mu/ ext5d ?r\gh\t ! :ole nor? temp]ate zone1 see+ t !y are pretty equally di/ribut$ 9 ! ea/]n & we/]n hemisph]es4 ,!y are met ) m frequ5tly ?an o!r ,t]ns 9 ! vic9ity ( riv]s & lakes ( fre% wat]4 ,z ^! birds make regul> migrations1 !y are only se5 at _! bre$+-places 9 ! summ]1 appe>+ dur+ ! la/ days ( ,april or ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 & 9 ,july or ,augu/ prep>+ = _! dep>ture4 ,!y sp5d ! w9t] 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 or 9 ! nor? ( ,africa1 :]e at t season !y are v common4 ,:5 on _! j\rney+s !y fly leisurely1 & at a consid]able elevation1 f "o %eet ( wat] to ano!r1 g5]ally foll[+ ! c\rse ( /reams & riv]s1 to :i*1 if press$ by hung]1 !y repair1 9 ord] to obta9 food & re/4 ,arriv$ at _! de/9ation1 !y settle !mselves ei!r 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sea1 or ne> fre% wat]1 )\t seem+ to h any decid$ pref]5ce = ei!r4 ,! ,common ,t]ns arrive 9 ! s\? ( ,europe e>ly 9 ,may1 & progress+ nor?w>ds1 colonis+ z !y g1 visit ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 & "s ( ! adjac5t isl&s4 ,on inl& wat]s ! ,t]ns d n congregate 9 great numb]s4 ,on ! sea-%ore1 on ! contr>y1 z ! bre$+ season approa*es1 hundr$s ( !m collect toge!r & =m l>ge settlem5ts4 ,"o ( ^! settlem5ts1 on ! coa/ ( "o ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 0 visit$ by ,bolle1 :o gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( :at he saw3--,! f>!r we advanc$ ! m num]\s became ! flights ( su* pairs z we _h di/urb$1 until at l5g? we 7 oblig$ to proce$ c>efully to avoid tread+ on _! eggs1 s num]\sly did !y lay ar\nd u on e side4 ,sc>cely _h we begun to collect "s ( ! eggs 9 our hats & baskets1 ?an up rose ! :ole multitude ( bre$+ birds into ! air1 ?\s&s 9 numb]1 & ov]%ad[$ u l a great :ite cl\d4 ,_! %rieks 7 positively deaf5+1 & ! upro> 0 /ill fur!r increas$ by ! appe>ance ( "s o!r m5 at a little di/ance1 :o 7 likewise collect+ eggs4 ,f out ( ! liv+ scre5 above u1 _m ( ^! birds seem$ to ru% "r d[n ^u our heads1 & ^! 7 probably ^? ^: ne/s lay ne>e/ to ! place :]e we /ood1 & 7 consequ5tly 9 ! greate/ dang] ( be+ plund]$4 ,aft] a little :ile1 we retir$ to a di/ance1 :5ce we c\ld pla9ly see ! diff]5t pairs1 z !y return$ to _! eggs1 ^u :i* ! females imm$iately plant$ !mselves1 :ile _! fai?ful sp\ses took _! /ations beside !m4 ,we did n leave !m1 h[ev]1 till we _h completely fill$ all our baskets ) eggs1 & ?is we accompli%$ 9 less ?an an h\r4 ,! m5 above allud$ to1 in=m$ u t = a few weeks 9 ! ye>1 ! place 0 con/antly resort$ to by ! inhabitants1 :o eag]ly collect$ ! eggs1 & t1 nev]!less1 ! numb] ( birds did n seem to dim9i%2 ! tru? ( ?is la/ ass]tion 0 inde$ suffici5tly evid5t4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t by "s sudd5 flood 9 ! riv]s1 or heavy /orm at sea1 ! bre$+-places ( ^! ,t]ns are completely inundat$1 & _! eggs consequ5tly de/roy$4 ,%\ld su* an ev5t occur e>ly 9 ! season1 ! p>5t birds w produce a second brood1 b if x happ5s at a lat] p]iod1 _! hope ( prog5y is at an end4 ,^u "o occasion ,naumann _h an opportunity ( witness+ a fair *ase betwe5 ! ,common ,t]n & ! agile ,tree ,falcon4 ,! ,t]n did n put into execution any ( ! usual manuvres ( wat]-birds1 :5 try+ to escape f pursuit1 su* z div+ bel[ ! surface1 b took boldly to h] w+s1 & x 0 truly wond]ful to see ! adroitness ) :i* all ! ef=ts ( ! ,falcon 7 foil$2 :5ev] ?is t]rible bird ( prey /oop$ ^u 8 int5d$ victim1 %e slipp$ nimbly aside1 & ?us elud$ ! fatal clut*2 or sometimes %e w\ld fall p]p5dicul>ly d[nw>ds1 !n m\nt above h] foe t[>ds ! skies1 ris+ high] & high] z he foll[$ 9 pursuit1 until at l5g? ! /r5g? ( ! ,falcon fail$ him1 & he 0 =c$ to give up ! *ase4 ,?is ,falcon is1 h[ev]1 v de/ructive to ! "y ,t]ns1 be=e _! w+s are /rong en\gh to cope ) ^? ( _! fleet foe4 ,! eggs ( ?is ,t]n are ei!r yell[i% grey1 pale gre5i% br[n or gre5i% blue1 spott$ ) a%-grey or d>k br[n4 ,respect+ ! movem5ts & noisy vocif]ations ( ! ,common ,t]ns1 ,macgillivray says1 ,:5 walk+ along ! s&y %ore y may see !m com+ up f a di/ance1 increas+ _! spe$ z !y approa*1 & !n :eel+ & plung+ ov] y1 until at la/ !y fly (f4 ,proce$+ at a mod]ate height1 !y /op n[ & !n1 hov] a mom5t1 dip into ! wat]1 & secure a s&-eel or "y coal-fi%4 ,_m att5d on ! fi%]m51 or o!rs :o are cat*+ s&-eels = bait or food1 to pick up ^? :i* fall f !m disabl$4 ,on su* occasions !y are v vocif]\s1 z !y also are :5 !y h fall5 9 ) a %oal ( fry4 ,!y nev] dive1 b ,i h se5 !m alight on ! wat] & swim a little1 & sometimes a :ole flock may be obs]v$ repos+ on ! placid bosom ( ! wat]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t]ns ,,& ,,_! ,,ne/s4 ,,! ,,less] ,,t]n4 ,! ,,less] ,,t]n 7,/]nula m9uta7 has be5 consid]$ by "s orni?ologi/s z ! repres5tative ( a di/9ct sub-family1 al?\gh x only diff]s f ! prec$+ species 9 its inf]ior size1 proportionately /rong %ort beak1 ! deeply-incis$ web ( its foot1 & ! %all[ furcation ( its tail4 ,9 ?is bird ! =ehead & "u side are :ite1 ! upp] head & nape black1 ! mantle & w+s d>k gre54 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak yell[1 ) black po9t1 & ! foot clay-yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is eight in*es & a half2 bread? n9ete5 to tw5ty in*es2 l5g? ( w+ sev51 & tail ?ree in*es4 ,! "y are spott$ l ! prec$+ species4 ,! range ( ! ,less] ,t]n ext5ds ov] ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica1 f #bd to #eh nor? latitude4 ,9 ,brazil x is replac$ by a some:at l>g] species4 ,! ,less] ,t]n makes its appe>ance 9 ,great ,brita9 ab\t ,may1 & aft] hav+ re>$ its "y1 resumes its w&]+ habits ab\t ! end ( ,july or ,augu/4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a sl[ travell]1 & only rea*es ! lakes & /reams ( ,nor? ,africa 9 ! autumn2 its migrations f ,nor? ,asia & ,nor? ,am]ica are conduct$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,?is species pref]s fre% to salt wat]1 & *iefly frequ5ts l>ge riv]s )\t1 h[ev]1 altoge!r )draw+ f ! sea-%ore4 ,! fir/ requisite = its accommodation w\ld seem to be a little isl& or b$ 9 a /ream1 cov]$ ) gravel or s&1 = :]e ^! are want+ x is nev] to be f\nd4 ,al?\gh ! two or ?ree eggs ( ! ,less] ,t]n 7:i* h a /one-col\r$ %ell m>k$ ) grey1 or r$di% br[n7 are usually m]ely deposit$ 9 a slight depression ( ! gr\nd above high-wat] m>k1 ,audubon /ates t "s pairs t he f\nd bre$+ on ! coa/s ( ,labrador _h =m$ v snug ne/s compos$ ( %ort fragm5ts ( moss1 well matt$ toge!r1 :ile ^? on ! isl& ne> ! ,bay ( ,gave/on _h laid _! eggs on dry drift$ we$s1 :i* appe>$ to h be5 ga!r$ by !m = ?is purpose4 ,! same au?or tells u t ! common note ( ?is bird resembles t ( ! ,b>n ,swall[ :5 di/urb$ ab\t its ne/1 & is at times z sm>tly & rapidly repeat$4 ,! foll[+ v pretty description ( ! light & beautiful movem5ts ( ?is ,t]n :il/ on ! w+ is f ! p5 ( ,mr4 ,macgillivray3--,9 ! elegance ( its buoyant flight z x skims ov] ! wat]s or %oots on its way to & f its bre$+-place1 ! t9y creature mu/ be an object ( admiration to e lov] ( nature4 ,y may see a pair com+ up f a di/ance fly+ at ! height ( a few y>ds ov] ! waves1 _! long w+s w9n[+ ! air & impell+ !m 9 />ts1 z x 71 z !y w5d _! way 9 undulat+ & wav]+ movem5ts4 ,sudd5ly _! flight is arre/$ ov] a l>ge pool left on ! s&s by ! retir+ tide2 ) quick beats ( _! w+s1 !y hov] /ation>y1 or b slightly %ift+ place1 & ) d[nw>d-po9t$ bill seem int5t on some?+ :i* !y p]ceive 9 ! wat]4 ,"o drops1 b n l a /one1 dips1 b ) uprais$ w+s1 & rises ) a small fi% 9 its bill4 ,! o!r is simil>ly successful4 ,onw>d !y proce$1 n[ & !n emitt+ a %rill cry & ) g5tle beats ( _! w+s4 ,f> ahead is a flock engag$ 9 pick+ up _! prey1 & onw>d !y spe$ to jo9 _! k9dr$4 ,al?\gh ^! birds usually swall[ _! prey :il/ 9 ! air !y are occasionally se5 to alight ^u ! gr\nd ) _! booty1 & !re dev\r x piecemeal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,wat] ,,swall[s 7,hydro*elidon7 con/itute a well-def9$ gr\p belong+ to ! ,t]n family4 ,^! birds are p[]fully built & ( elegant appe>ance2 _! beak is feeble1 t>sus high1 toes long & unit$ by a deeply-incis$ web4 ,! w+ is v long1 tail %ort & b little =k$4 ,! g5]al plumage1 :i* is s(t & ?ick1 is dur+ ! bre$+ season pr9cipally black2 ?is latt] "*1 h[ev]1 v>ies mu* accord+ to ! age ( ! bird & season ( ! ye>4 ,,! ,,black ,,m>% ,,t]n4 ,! ,,black ,,m>% ,,t]n 7,hydro*elidon nigra7 is ( a deep ri* black on ! head1 nape1 brea/1 & c5tre ( belly2 ! mantle is bluei% grey1 & ! region ( v5t :ite4 ,! w+-quills are d>k grey bord]$ ) a light] %ade1 & ! tail-fea!rs d>k grey4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak greyi% black ) r$ base1 & foot br[ni% r$4 ,9 ! w9t] dress1 only ! back ( ! head & nape are black1 ! =ehead & "u "p be+ :ite4 ,9 "y birds ! mantle-fea!rs & w+-cov]s are edg$ ) r$di% yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is n9e in*es1 span ( w+s tw5ty-six in*es4 ,! ,black ,t]n inhabits ! nor? temp]ate zone1 & dur+ ! w9t] w&]s s f> s\?1 t1 l ,/]nula m9uta1 x is to be met ) 9 f\r cont95ts--,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica4 ,x makes its appe>ance 9 ,great ,brita9 at ! same "t z ! o!r ,t]ns1 b is mu* less abundant ?an =m]ly1 be+ seldom se5 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl& & v r>ely 9 ,scotl&1 al?\gh x /ill visits _m p>ts ( ,irel&4 ,x arrives 9 ?is c\ntry ab\t ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may1 & is pr9cipally f\nd 9 ,l9coln%ire1 ,norfolk1 & ,cambridge%ire4 ,9 ,montagu's "t x 0 common 9 ,romney ,m>%1 9 ,k5t2 specim5s h also be5 procur$ 9 o!r s\!rn c\nties4 ,dur+ _! w9t] p]egr9ations ^! birds g5]ally travel 9 companies v>y+ f tw5ty to ab\t a ?\s& individuals1 foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! /reams1 & tak+ up a tempor>y resid5ce :]ev] ^! spread out into ext5sive swamps or ov]fl[ ! neighb\r+ l&4 ,9 _! deportm5t1 food1 & mode ( bre$+1 !y also diff] mat]ially f ! ,common ,t]ns4 ,!y walk seldom1 & z badly z _! bre?r51 & r>ely swim1 z _! p[]s 9 t respect are v limit$4 ,_! flight is n s rapid & devi\s z t ( _! cong5]s1 b m ev51 g5tle1 & light4 ,dur+ ! night season !y betake !mselves to repose1 b 9 ! daytime are con/antly on ! w+1 hunt+ aft] food4 ,! ,black ,t]ns live almo/ exclusively ^u insects1 al?\gh !y w also occasionally seize a little fi% or o!r small inhabitant ( ! wat]4 ,!y some:at resemble ! ,swall[s 9 _! mode ( life1 & l !m may be se5 skimm+ ov] pools ( wat]1 app>5tly m = ! sake ( amusem5t ?an f any real necessity = su* active ex]tion4 ,:5 !y discov] any?+ 9 ! %ape ( food1 !y hov] ov] x = an in/ant & p\nce ^u _! prey1 n com+ d[n ^u x precipitately & p]p5dicul>ly z "s ( ! ,div]s d1 b sweep+ obliquely t[>ds x1 s z to seize x ) ! beak )\t imm]s+ _! bodies4 ,accord+ to ,montagu1 ,! flight ( ?is species is n unlike t ( ! ,goatsuck]2 its evolutions are rapid & x turns %ort if attack$1 by :i* means x escapes ! talons ( pr$ace\s birds1 z we once _h an opportunity ( witness+4 ,9 a v h>d gale ( w9d _m ,t]ns 7 sport+ ov] ! wat]1 :5 a ,p]egr9e ,falcon pass$ l a %ot1 s+l$ out 8 bird & pres5tly com+ up ) ! *ase1 made a p\nce1 b ! great dext]ity ( ! ,t]n avoid$ ! deadly /roke & took a new direction4 ,! ,falcon1 by 8 sup]ior velocity1 soon rega9$ suffici5t elevation to successively repeat 8 p\nces1 b at la/ rel9qui%$ ! pursuit4 ,! ,black ,t]ns1 unlike ! g5]ality ( _! cong5]s1 are fe>less & unsuspici\s1 & seem r to welcome ?an to avoid ! pres5ce ( mank9d2 if mole/$1 h[ev]1 !y soon become m w>y4 ,t[>ds ea* o!r !y manife/ consid]able affection1 & %\ld "o ( _! p>ty be %ot1 ! o!rs in/antly collect ar\nd _! w\nd$ companion1 n f any s9i/] motives1 z has be5 ass]t$ by "s writ]s1 b out ( commis]ation = 8 condition4 ,= _! bre$+-places ^! birds inv>iably *oose "s wide swamp or morass1 plac+ _! ne/s ^u little heaps ( mud t project above ! surface ( ! wat]1 ^u tufts ( grass or s$ge1 ^u float+ masses ( re$s1 ru%es1 or simil> mat]ials1 or sometimes on ! float+ leaves ( aquatic plants4 ,! ne/ itself is con/ruct$ ( sub/ances t v>y ) ! locality select$1 su* z leaves1 roots & ru%es heap$ c>elessly toge!r4 ,9 ?is cradle1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 ea* pair lays two1 ?ree1 or f\r eggs2 ^! are ( a pale olive or yell[i% col\r1 spott$ ) grey1 r$di% br[n1 & br[ni% black4 ,bo? sexes incubate by turns1 keep+ ! eggs con/antly cov]$4 ,if di/urb$ dur+ ! bre$+ season1 ^! ,t]ns are z noisy z any ( _! cong5]s1 b unlike !m rema9 close ov] ! ne/ & only g 9 se>* ( food at regul> int]vals4 ,aft] ! lapse ( f\rte5 or sixte5 days ! "y make _! appe>ance1 & ab\t a =tnight lat] quit ! ne/4 ,ev5 aft] !y are fully fl$g$ !y accompany _! p>5ts1 :o t5d !m ) great devotion1 & fe$ !m :ile on ! w+1 aft] ! mann] ( ,swall[s4 ,?is species subsi/s *iefly on %ell-fi%1 beetles1 & dragon-flies4 ,! fle% ( ! ,black ,t]ns is tol]ably good4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,w+$ ,,t]n4 ,! ,,:ite-,,w+$ ,,t]n 7,hydro*elidon leucopt]a7 has ! body-fea!rs ( a ri* deep black2 ! upp] "p ( ! w+ is bluei% grey2 ! %\ld]s & po9ts ( ! second>y quills are :iti% grey1 & ! rump & tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,?is species1 :i* closely resembles ! ,black ,t]n 9 size1 mann]s1 & habits1 is v r>e ^u ! coa/s ( ,great ,brita94 ,temm9ck /ates t x frequ5ts ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! lakes1 riv]s1 & m>%es beyond ! ,alps1 be+ common ab\t ,gibralt>1 & ,lakes ,como1 ,lugano1 & ,luc]ne1 b t x nev] visits ,holl&1 or ,nor? ,europe4 ,nilsson1 on ! contr>y1 includes x among/ ! birds ( ,g]many & ,sc&9avia4 ,! food ( ! ,:ite-w+$ ,t]n consi/s ( w+$ & aquatic insects1 worms1 & sometimes small fi%es4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,be>d$ ,,t]n4 ,! ,,:ite-,,be>d$ ,,t]n 7,hydro*elidon leucop>eja7 has ! black ^u ! head & nape divid$ f ! d>k grey l[] neck by a broad :ite /ripe2 ! brea/ is d>k grey1 mantle light grey1 & belly greyi% :ite4 ,?is r>e bird 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,m4 ,natt]]1 9 ! m>%es ( ,s\? ,hung>y1 & is b v seldom se5 9 ,great ,brita94 ,we are little acqua9t$ ) its habits beyond t x subsi/s ^u worms1 snails1 & w+$ insects4 ,y>rell describes ! egg z be+ "o in* & a half long1 by "o & "o-eigh? broad1 ) an asp>agus-gre5 %ell1 spott$ ) br[ni% black & bluei% grey4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,or ,,silky ,,t]n4 ,! ,,:ite or ,,silky ,,t]n 7,gygis ,c&ida7 is a beautiful bird1 ) sl5d] body1 long ?9 beak1 :i* curves p]ceptibly upw>ds1 long w+s1 & deeply excis$ tail4 ,! feet are small1 & ! toes furni%$ ) a n>r[ web2 ! plumage is ( silky s(tness & pure :ite2 ! eye is black1 ! beak d>k blue t[>ds its base & black at ! po9t2 ! foot is saffron-yell[4 ,! ,:ite ,t]n inhabits ! ,pacific ,ocean1 & is to be met ) f ,moreton ,bay to ,cape ,york4 ,g\ld 0 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,cumm+1 t on visit+ ,elizabe? ,isl&1 9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 :i* is entirely de/itute ( inhabitants & fre% wat]1 he f\nd ?is1 or an alli$ species1 bre$+ on a k9d ( ,p&anus1 its s+le egg be+ deposit$ on ! horizontal bran*es 9 a depression1 :i*1 al?\gh slight1 0 suffici5t to reta9 x 9 position1 despite ! high w9ds & consequ5t oscillation to :i* x 0 subject$4 ,mr4 ,cumm+ add$ t ! old birds 7 fly+ ab\t 9 ?\s&s1 l sw>ms ( bees1 & t he notic$ sev]al bre$+ on ! same tree4 ,"s ( ! "y birds 7 hat*$ & cov]$ ) d[n1 & be+ )9 rea*1 he took a few ( !m 9 8 h&1 & aft] exam9+1 replac$ !m on _! dang]\s re/+-place1 f :i* x appe>$ !y occasionally fell d[n & 7 de/roy$1 z he obs]v$ sev]al ly+ dead on ! gr\nd4 ,g\ld also ref]s to a bird ( ?is g5us1 & p]haps ! same species notic$ by ,d>w9 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,rese>*es 9 ,geology & ,natural ,hi/ory1 :o1 speak+ ( ,keel+ ,isl&1 says3--,!re is "o *>m+ bird1 a small & sn[-:ite ,t]n1 :i* smoo?ly hov]s at ! di/ance ( an arm's l5g? f y\r head1 its l>ge black eye scann+ ) quiet curiosity y\r expression4 ,little imag9ation is requir$ to fancy t s light & delicate a body mu/ be t5ant$ by "s w&]+ fairy _s4 ,,! ,,noddy4 ,! ,,noddy 7,an\s /olidus7 repres5ts a gr\p recognisable by its some:at clumsy appe>ance2 its beak is long] ?an ! head1 /rong1 almo/ /raight1 & compress$ at ! sides1 ) ! =e "p ( ! "u m&ible b5t at an angle2 ! legs are p[]ful1 & ! feet furni%$ ) long n>r[ toes1 fully webb$2 ! w+s are long1 n>r[1 & po9t$1 b _! apices are some:at r\nd$ (f1 ! tail is long & w$ge-%ap$1 b n =k$4 ,! col\r ( its plumage1 ) ! exception ( ! upp] "p ( ! head1 :i* is greyi% :ite1 is sooty br[n1 a pat* 9 front ( & ano!r beh9d ! eye black1 ! quills & tail-fea!rs blacki% br[n2 ! eye is br[n1 ! beak black1 & ! foot dusky br[ni% r$4 ,! l5g? ( ! ,noddy is sixte5 in*es1 its bread? ?irty-two1 l5g? ( w+ elev5 in*es1 ( tail five in*es4 ,^! birds appe> to be m widely di/ribut$ ?an any ( _! cong5]s2 !y are met ) bo? 9 ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific ,oceans1 be+ p]haps mo/ abundant 9 ! latt] portion ( ! globe4 ,"s orni?ologi/s1 h[ev]1 are undecid$ :e!r ! ,atlantic & ,pacific birds mu/ be reg>d$ m]ely z v>ieties or z di/9ct species4 ,mr4 ,c\es1 :o is ( ! latt] op9ion1 has propos$ to call ! ,pacific species ,an\s frat]4 ,mr4 ,g\ld1 h[ev]1 pref]s to describe ! ,au/ralian bird "u ! old "n ( /olidus1 r ?an unnecess>ily multiply ! numb] ( specific appellations1 b he obs]ves t ?\gh ! ,noddies ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn hemisph]es are v mu* alike1 consid]able v>iation is f\nd to exi/ 9 _! modes ( nidification1 & ! season at :i* x is p]=m$2 !re is also a diff]5ce 9 ! col\r+ & numb] ( _! eggs1 ^? 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e be+ said to lay ?ree1 ^? 9 ! s\!rn only "o egg4 ,! ,noddy1 & an alli$ species1 ,an\s melanops1 says ,gilb]t1 are extremely num]\s on ! ,h\tmann's ,abrolhos1 :]e !y bre$ 9 prodigi\s numb]s4 ,! pres5t species lays its eggs 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]1 on a ne/ con/ruct$ ( seawe$1 ab\t six in*es 9 diamet]1 & v>y+ 9 height f f\r to eight in*es1 b )\t any?+ l regul>ity ( =m2 ! top is ne>ly flat1 !re be+ b a v slight holl[ to prev5t _! s+le egg f roll+ (f4 ,! ne/s are s completely pla/]$ ) ! excrem5t ( ! bird1 t at fir/ sight !y appe> to be entirely =m$ ( t mat]ial2 !y are ei!r plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 a cle> op5 space1 or on ! tops ( ! ?ick scrub1 ov] ^? ( ! ,ono*oprios fulig9osus1 ! two species incubat+ toge!r ) ! mo/ p]fect h>mony1 & ! bu%es pres5t+ a mottl$ appe>ance1 f ! great numb]s ( bo? species p]*$ on _! tops4 ,by ! middle ( ,janu>y ! eggs 7 ne>ly ready to hat*1 & !re w\ld be an ov]:elm+ increase ( ?is species ye>ly1 b = ! *eck :i* ,nature has provid$ aga9/ x1 9 ! pres5ce ( a small liz>d1 :i* is v abundant 9 _! bre$+-places1 & :i* f9ds an easy prey 9 ! "y4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 says ,audubon1 ! ,noddies collect f all p>ts ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & coa/s ( ,florida1 = ! purpose ( return+ to _! bre$+-places on "o ( ! ,tortugas1 call$ ! ,noddy ,key1 :]e !y =m regul> ne/s ( twigs & dry grass1 :i* !y place on bu%es or l[ trees1 b nev] on ! gr\nd4 ,on visit+ _! isl& on ! #aa? ( ,may1 #ahcb1 ,i 0 surpris$ to see t _m ( !m 7 repair+ & augm5t+ ne/s :i* _h rema9$ ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 :ile o!rs 7 employ$ 9 comm5c+ new ones1 & "s 7 already sitt+ on _! eggs4 ,9 a great _m in/ances ! repair$ ne/s =m$ masses ne>ly two feet 9 height1 & yet all ( !m _h only a slight holl[ = ! eggs1 brok5 %ells ( :i* 7 f\nd among ! entire ones1 z if !y _h be5 purposely plac$ !re4 ,! birds did n discont9ue _! lab\rs1 al?\gh !re 7 n9e or t5 ( u walk+ among ! bu%es1 & :5 we _h gone a few y>ds into ! ?icket1 ?\s&s ( !m flew q l[ ov] u1 "s at times com+ s close z to enable u to cat* a few ( !m ) ! h&4 ,on "o side might be se5 a ,noddy c>ry+ a /ick 9 its bill1 or a bird pick+ up some?+ f ! gr\nd to add to its ne/1 on ! o!r sev]al 7 sitt+ on _! eggs1 unconsci\s ( dang]1 :ile _! mates br\ght !m food4 ,! great] "p rose on w+ z we advanc$1 b re-alight$ z soon z we _h pass$4 ,! bu%es 7 r>ely tall] ?an ourselves1 s t we c\ld easily see ! eggs 9 ! ne/s4 ,x is /at$ t ! ,an\s /olidus occasionally visits ,/4 ,george's ,*annel1 & 9 #ahdj two specim5s 7 %ot (f ! coa/ ( ,wex=d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,scissor-,,bills 7,rhyn*opes7 con/itute a gr\p ( night birds1 be>+ ! same relation%ip to ! ,sea ,swall[s z ! ,owls to ! ,falcons4 ,_! body is elongate1 neck long1 head small1 w+s v long1 & ! =k$ tail ( mod]ate size4 ,_! beak is s peculi> 9 its /ructure t x c be comp>$ to no?+ s happily z to a pair ( scissors4 ,! l[] m&ible is v consid]ably long] ?an ! upp] portion ( ! bill2 ! legs are feeble1 tol]ably long b sl5d]1 & ! ant]ior toes connect$ by a deeply-incis$ web4 ,! g5]al plumage1 :i* is close & smoo?1 pres5ts a peculi>1 greasy appe>ance4 ,,! ,,indian ,,scissor-,,bill4 ,! ,,indian ,,scissor-,,bill 7,rhyn*ops ori5talis7 is :ite ^u ! =ehead1 face1 tail1 "u side ( ! body1 & ^u ! po9ts ( ! l>g] w+-cov]s2 ! top ( ! head1 back ( neck1 & mantle are blacki% br[n2 ! eyes are d>k br[n1 ! beak & feet coral-r$4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is sev5te5 in*es1 its bread? =ty-two in*es1 l5g? ( w+ ?irte5 in*es1 & ( tail two in*es & a half4 ,! ,scissor-bill has frequ5tly come "u our notice1 :ile travell+ along ! banks ( ! ,middle & ,upp] ,nile4 ,?is bird may occasionally be se5 fly+ by day if x has be5 di/urb$2 b x usually rema9s motionless ^u s&banks f morn+ to ev5+1 g5]ally ly+ flat ^u its belly1 m r>ely /&+ up on its little feeble feet2 :ile ?us repos+1 x is b seldom t x makes any noise or exhibits ! slighte/ activity4 ,z ! sun sets1 h[ev]1 x beg9s to be m lively1 moves ab\t1 /ret*es itself1 raises its w+s1 hops backw>ds & =w>ds1 & utt]s its peculi> cry2 b x is only z night approa*es t x flies away 9 se>* ( food4 ,its movem5ts are !n 9 exact accordance ) ! peculi> /ructure ( its beak4 ,) long /rokes ( its w+s1 x glides noiselessly along close to ! wat]1 f "t to "t dipp+ its l[] m&ible b5ea? ! surface & keep+ x !re = a m9ute or two at a "t1 pl\gh+1 z x 71 ! top ( ! riv]1 ) its /rangely-%ap$ "u jaw1 & skimm+ ! wat]4 ,9 ?is mann] x manages to collect great numb]s ( ! insects1 :i* ^u ! banks ( ! ,nile1 at lea/1 con/itute its pr9cipal food4 ,:e!r x also eats small molluscs1 m p>ticul>ly bivalves1 & is skilful 9 op5+ !m ) its beak1 we _c say1 b t ?is is ! case ) "s ( its cong5]s seems to be pretty well e/abli%$4 ,lesson /ates t he saw an ,am]ican ,scissor-bill seat itself quietly d[n ne> "s bivalve %ell-fi% left by ! tide & wait pati5tly till !y op5$ _! valves1 :5 x ins]t$ its beak betwe5 ! sep>at$ %ells1 till ! occupant aga9 clos$ its valves & ?us laid hold ^u ! beak2 he !n flew away ) x to a neighb\r+ /one & beat ! %ell to pieces4 ,ts*di relates ! same circum/ance1 b :e!r f 8 own obs]vation or f ,lesson's n>rative we d n "k4 ,at pres5t we ent]ta9 "s d\bts ( ! accuracy ( ! obs]vations allud$ to4 ,! flight ( ! ,scissor-bill is light & beautiful1 b some:at peculi>1 inasmu* z ! bird is oblig$ to raise its w+s v high 9 ord] to prev5t ! tips f /rik+ ! wat]2 its proportionately long neck enables x to d ?is1 all[+ x to keep its body at ! di/ance ( ab\t an in* f ! surface1 :ile a consid]able portion ( its beak is held "u wat]4 ,its hunt+ gr\nd seems to ext5d = ab\t ! space ( a mile up & d[n ! /ream4 ,9 ,c5tral ,africa x w sometimes leave ! riv] to hunt ov] "s neighb\r+ pond4 ,on ! s\? & we/]n p>ts ( t cont95t x may possibly1 l its ,am]ican cong5]s1 occasionally pay a visit to ! coa/4 ,! cry ( ! ,scissor-bills1 :i* may sometimes be he>d :5 !y are pass+ ab\t 9 company ) ea* o!r is v peculi>1 & entirely diff]5t f ! cry ( any o!r bird ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,dongola we 7 =tunate en\gh to light ^u "o ( _! bre$+-places4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may we happ5$ to see a numb] ( ^! birds at _! ease ly+ flat ^u a l>ge s&bank1 :i* we 7 ?us tempt$ to visit1 & "h to our great delight we f\nd "s ( _! ne/s4 ,^! latt] consi/$ simply ( excavations made 9 ! s&2 !re 01 h[ev]1 ?is peculi>ity ab\t !m1 t ea* seem$ to be ! c5tre ( a s]ies ( radiat+ l9es t look$ z if drawn ) ! back ( a knife1 & :i* obvi\sly _h be5 made by ! birds1 ) _! l[] m&ible4 ,! eggs we f\nd bore an extraord9>y resemblance to ^? ( ! ,sea ,swall[s4 ,!y 7 ( an oval %ape & 9 col\r ( a gre5i% grey1 bord]+ on yell[1 irregul>ly speckl$ ) light & d>k pat*es & /reaks ( grey & d>k br[n4 ,9 e ne/ we f\nd five eggs4 ,:e!r bo? sexes brood or n we 7 unable to asc]ta91 nei!r c\ld we obta9 in=mation z to ! re>+ ( ! ne/l+s4 ,speak+ ( ! "y ( ! ,indian species1 ,mr4 ,brooks writes to ,j]don3--,x 0 amus+ to see an army ( "s hundr$s ( ^! little fell[s 7tortoise%ell-look+ ?+s7 runn+ /eadily a c\ple ( hundr$ y>ds be=e u4 ,!y run well1 & :5 we rea*$ ! end ( ! s&bank1 !y attempt$ to swim (f1 :ile _m squatt$ d[n2 !y did n make mu* way swimm+1 & sank v deep 9 ! wat]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,gulls 7,l>i7 =m a well-def9$ & di/9ct family1 recognisable by ! foll[+ *>act]s4 ,al?\gh ^! birds v>y 9 size1 f t ( a ,jackdaw to t ( an ,eagle1 all are p[]fully fram$1 ) a %ort neck & l>ge head4 ,_! beak1 :i* is ( m$ium l5g?1 is /rongly compress$ at ! sides1 /raight f ! br[ to ! c5tre ( culm51 & f t po9t to its apex b5t gradually d[nw>ds1 s z to =m a /rong t]m9al hook2 bo? ! upp] & l[] m&ibles are provid$ ) %>p cutt+ edges1 & ! gape ext5ds backw>ds z f> z ! eyes2 ! t>sus is mod]ately high1 b sl5d]2 ! foot1 ) few exceptions1 f\r-to$1 ! int]ior toes be+ webb$2 ! w+s are long & broad1 b acutely-po9t$1 ! fir/ quill be+ ! longe/2 ! tail1 consi/+ ( twelve fea!rs1 ( mod]ate l5g?1 is broad & /raight1 less frequ5tly slightly incis$2 9 a few species ! c5tre fea!rs are some:at prolong$4 ,! g5]al plumage1 :i* is ?ick & s(t1 & fur-l on ! "u surface ( ! body1 is v simil>ly col\r$ ?r\gh\t ! entire family4 ,^u ! mantle & w+s ! preval5t hue is a beautiful bluei% grey1 v>i$ ) :ite & slate-black2 ! fea!rs ( ! "u side 79 _m species ! head & neck7 are pure :ite2 ! back & feet ( old birds are bright] & (t5 ( a diff]5t t9t to ^? ( ! "y4 ,gulls are to be met ) 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe1 b are mo/ abundant 9 nor!rn regions4 ,a few species w&] to a consid]able di/ance f l&1 always1 h[ev]1 return+ to ! vic9ity ( ! %ore4 ,all may !re=e prop]ly be call$ coa/ birds1 & to ! m>9] !y are always welcome1 z sure h>b+]s ( l&4 ,_! flights inl& are ev5 m frequ5t ?an _! excursions into ! op5 sea1 & _m ( !m may (t5 be se5 foll[+ ! c\rse ( l>ge riv]s1 or w++ _! way f lake to lake1 into ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry4 ,"s species w frequ5tly settle 9 ! vic9ity ( inl& lakes1 & mo/ ( !m pref] a simil> situation z _! bre$+-place4 ,_m memb]s ( ?is family are m or less migratory2 "s appe> ^u our nor!rn %ores 9 ! spr+1 & aft] re>+ _! "y1 take _! dep>ture 9 ! autumn2 o!rs aga9 only w&] to consid]able di/ances2 !re are1 inde$1 b few species t c be prop]ly reg>d$ z /ation>y4 ,^! w&]+ prop5sities are intimately connect$ ) _! supply ( food4 ,all ( !m live m or less ^u fi%es1 b "s also gre$ily dev\r insects1 & ^! latt] migrate ) ! greate/ regul>ity4 ,besides ! above articles ( n\ri%m5t1 ,gulls eag]ly pick up :atev] small animals or animal sub/ances !y may happ5 to meet )4 ,c>rion !y dev\r z gre$ily z d ! ,vultures1 ev5 if x be 9 a putrid condition4 ,9 %ort1 !y appe> to %>e ! appetites ( _m o!r birds1 & to be q z omnivor\s z ! ,cr[s4 ,all ,sea ,gulls walk well & quickly2 !y swim buoyantly1 ly+ 9 ! wat] l s _m air-bubbles1 & dive ) facility1 b to no great dep?1 plung+ probably = n m ?an "o or two feet bel[ ! surface4 ,_! voice consi/s ( a h>%1 disagreeable scream4 ,z _! bre$+ "t approa*es1 ^! birds beg9 to assemble 9 flocks1 :i* are frequ5tly jo9$ by o!r p>ties1 until at la/ !y =m a num]\s ho/4 ,ev5 ^u our own %ores _! ne/+-places are (t5 occupi$ by _m hundr$ pairs1 :il/ fur!r nor? !y congregate 9 c\ntless multitudes4 ,! l>g] species cr[d less closely toge!r at ^! times ?an ! small] ones1 ! latt] (t5 lit]ally cov]+ ! rocks on :i* _! ne/s are s closely plac$1 t ! brood+ p>5ts press ^u ea* o!r4 ,! /ructure ( ! ne/s v>ies 9 diff]5t localities2 :]e grass & seawe$s are procurable !y are c>efully heap$ toge!r1 b :]e ^! fail ! ne/s are ( /ill scanti] proportions4 ,! brood consi/s ( f two to f\r comp>atively l>ge oval eggs1 ) /rong co>se1 br[ni% gre5 or gre5i% br[n %ells1 spott$ ) grey & br[n2 ^u ^! bo? male & female sit by turns1 = a p]iod ( ?ree or f\r weeks4 ,! "y are clo!d 9 a ?ick cov]+ ( speckl$ d[n1 & %ortly aft] em]g+ f ! %ell may be se5 trott+ ab\t ^u ! s&1 hid+ !mselves if al>m$ beh9d little hillocks1 or boldly plung+ into ! wat]4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 z are born ^u ! l$ges ( p]p5dicul> rocks1 mu/ necess>ily rema9 !re until _! w+s are /rong en\gh to enable !m to come d[n f _! l(ty p]*1 = !y appe> n to take ! desp]ate leaps into ! sea attempt$ by s _m sea birds1 to _! de/ruction4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few days1 ! "y are f$ ) half-dige/$ food f _! p>5ts' crops1 & aft]w>ds ) fre%ly-caught fi%es1 or o!r small animals4 ,= "s little "t aft] !y are able to fly !y rema9 toge!r1 b soon quit _! bir?place1 & spread !mselves along ! coa/4 ,9 ! nor!rn regions ! ,gulls are n only ! mo/ beautiful1 b ! mo/ useful ( ! _m fea!r$ visitants2 !y are reg>d$ z prop]ty1 & z jeal\sly pres]v$ z any o!r game4 ,9 ,norway ! eggs =m a v consid]able "p ( ! l& proprietors' rev5ue4 ,among ! poor] inhabitants ! fea!rs are us$ in/ead ( eid]-d[n = b$d+4 ,! fle% ( ! old birds f9ds fav\r only among/ ! ,esquimaux1 :ile t ( ! "y is eat5 by ! inhabitants ( ,gre5l& & ,icel&4 ,if prop]ly cook$1 ! latt]1 9 tru?1 =m by no means a despicable di%4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ! eggs & fea!rs are look$ ^u z f> m valuable ?an ?is some:at fi%y-flav\r$ game4 ,9 "s localities1 at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 great battues are held1 app>5tly mu* m f a love ( slaught] ?an f any desire to turn ! birds to acc\nt4 ,! *ase aft] ,sea ,gulls pres5ts b few difficulties1 a :ite pocket h&k]*ief ?r[n into ! air is q suffici5t to attract _! att5tion1 & :5 !y approa*1 if "o is kill$ _m o!rs w at once cr[d ar\nd x4 ,!y are also caught by a great v>iety ( contrivances2 sn>es are laid = !m ^u ! s&banks1 "s are caught 9 nets1 & o!rs by means ( hooks1 bait$ ) fi%4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,fi%+ ,,gulls 7,l>us7 comprise ! l>g] memb]s ( ! family1 & con/itute a well-m>k$ section1 pr9cipally di/+ui%$ by ! col\r ( _! plumage4 ,all ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p t we h select$ = description are to be met ) 9 nor!rn climates betwe5 #fj & #gj latitude1 :]e !y bre$ ^u ! v>i\s cliffs & isl&s4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 !y may be se5 w&]+ inl&1 b1 not)/&+1 all are sea-birds 9 ! /ricte/ s5se4 ,z reg>ds _! movem5ts1 !y walk well1 wade readily 9 ! %all[ wat] ne> ! %ore1 swim lightly & buoyantly ^u a r\gh sea1 & (t5 sleep ^u ! wat]4 ,_! flight is sl[1 b by no means heavy1 & c be su/a9$ = a consid]able "t4 ,) long /rokes ( _! w+s !y sweep onw>ds ?r\gh ! air1 sometimes fly+ 9 circles1 sometimes m\nt+ upw>ds aga9/ ! w9d1 & aga9 desc5d to ! surface ( ! sea4 ,9 ^! flights !y appe> to be q at _! ease ev5 dur+ ! wilde/ /orms1 & may frequ5tly be se5 plung+ into ! sea f a consid]able height ^u any prey t !y may happ5 to espy4 ,9 sagacity & c\rage ! ,gulls are sup]ior to _! k9dr$1 b !y likewise surpass !m 9 ?iev+ & gluttony4 ,!y c>e little = ! society ( _! bre?r52 nev]!less1 x is a r>e ?+ to see "o ( !m alone4 ,^! ,gulls subsi/ pr9cipally ^u fi%es ( v>i\s size1 & reg>d c>rion1 :e!r fi% or fle%1 z v delectable food2 !y also kill & dev\r small quadrup$s1 & "y or disabl$ birds4 ,!y rob ! feebl] sea-f[l ( _! eggs1 & se>* ^u ! bea* = worms & o!r animals4 ,%\ld ! %ell ( a crab or mussel be too h>d = _! beak1 !y at once fly ) x into ! air1 & !n1 dropp+ x f a suffici5t elevation ^u ! rocks b5ea?1 %att] x to pieces4 ,,! ,,great ,,black-,,back$ ,,gull4 ,! ,,great ,,black-,,back$ ,,gull 7,l>us m>9us71 "o ( ! be/-kn[n memb]s ( ! above gr\p1 has ! head1 neck1 "u surface ( ! body1 rump1 & tail pure :ite2 ! upp] back & w+s are black2 ! w+-quills tipp$ ) :ite4 ,9 "y birds ! head1 neck1 & "u side are :ite1 /reak$ & spott$ ) yell[ & br[n2 ! rump & w+-cov]s are br[ni% grey1 ) light edges2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are black1 ! latt] m>k$ ) :ite4 ,! eye is silv]-grey & ! r+ ar\nd x bright r$4 ,! beak is yell[1 ! "u m&ible be+ r$ t[>ds its apex2 ! foot is light greyi% yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is tw5ty-eight in*es1 & bread? sixty-five in*es2 ! w+ measures n9ete51 & ! tail sev5 in*es & a half4 ,! ,black-back$ ,gull frequ5ts ! %ores ( ,europe1 &1 accord+ to ,audubon1 is met ) 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 ,irel& x is a resid5t species1 & is f\nd disp]s$ 9 abundance along ! ,engli% & ,scot* coa/s4 ,x bre$s 9 ,ca]m>!n%ire on s&y flats1 9 ! ,briti% ,*annel on s&y isl&s or /eep holms1 & 9 ! m>%es ne> ! m\? ( ! ,?ames4 ,dr4 ,edmondson says1 ,?is species bre$s on ! flat grassy tops ( a few inaccessible holms1 or small isl&s--z ! f>-fam$ ,cradleholm1 ( ,ness--9 consid]able numb]s1 nev] 9 cliffs1 & excludes e o!r bird f su* localities4 ,a pair or two--we may suppose ! melan*oly remnant ( a m num]\s race--may n[ & !n be met ) on l[] & m accessible1 b /ill flat situations4 ,x usually produces ?ree "y1 :i*1 indep5d5tly ( _! size1 may be easily di/+ui%$ f o!r species by ! m di/9ct speckl+ ) black ( _! grey plumage4 ,l all ! l>g] ,gulls1 x is fond ( c>rion4 ,9 w9t] ^! birds fe$ mu* on />fi%1 a meagre & frugal diet1 x mu/ be admitt$2 b ! abundance ( h]r+s1 9 summ]1 amply comp5sates = ! ab/95ce ( w9t]4 ,:5 flocks ( ,%ags are enjoy+ _! glutton\s sie/a on ! rocks1 a ,black-back$ ,gull is v (t5 p]*$ ne> !m1 & on su* occasions he acts z _! s5t9el by giv+ ! al>m ) 8 ho>se voice1 or tak+ flight :5 an enemy endeav\rs to approa* )9 %ot4 ,8 deportm5t is dull & solit>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black-,,back$ ,,& ,,h]r+ ,,gulls4 ,dur+ our travels 9 ,norway & ,lapl&1 we f\nd ! ,black-back$ ,gull common en\gh1 b x 0 only at ,portsangfjord1 t[>ds ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 t we fir/ met ) _! bre$+-places4 ,^u an isl& 9 t vic9ity we obs]v$ sev]al hundr$ pairs1 9 company ) ! ,h]r+ ,gulls4 ,! ne/s ( bo? species 7 plac$ promiscu\sly ^u ! gr\nd1 seldom m ?an fifty paces ap>t4 ,"s ( ! ne/s 7 r\nd1 & c>efully l9$ ) grass1 :ile o!rs 7 m neglig5tly con/ruct$4 ,a t]rible upro> 0 rais$ z soon z we set foot on ! isl&1 su* birds z _h begun to brood rema9$ sitt+1 & ev5 all[$ u to approa* )9 a few /eps ( _! ne/1 z if !y ?\ght t ! fact ( _! pres5ce w\ld fright5 u away4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 !y got up1 & ) l\d cries flew ar\nd u at a little di/ance1 e n[ & !n plung+ d[n z if to /rike u1 & !n ris+ aga91 & tak+ a circuit previ\s to r5ew+ ! attack4 ,sev]al times !y flew s close ov] our heads t !y t\*$ u ) _! w+s1 b !y did n v5ture to attack u ) _! %>p beaks4 ,9 sev]al ne/s ! "y ones _h n only manag$ to scramble out at our approa*1 b hid !mselves v effectually among ! long grass4 ,! eggs ( ^! birds are usually ?ree1 sometimes f\r1 9 numb]1 r\gh1 ( a yell[i% grey or yell[i% br[n col\r1 t+$ & spott$ ) d>k br[n & slate-grey2 !y are ab\t ?ree in*es long1 & r m ?an two in*es broad4 ,mr4 ,hewitson1 :o saw ^! ,gulls bre$+ 9 ! ,orkney & ,%etl& ,isles1 says3 ,_! eggs are ri* & excell5t to eat2 & !y are 9 consequ5ce a mo/ valuable acquisition to ! own]s ( ! isl&s ^u :i* !y are deposit$4 ,! cu/om is to take ! :ole ( ! fir/ eggs z soon z laid1 & ! second 9 l mann]1 all[+ ! birds to sit ! ?ird "t4 ,"o g5tleman1 ,mr4 ,scott1 ^u ^: prop]ty !y bre$1 & by :om we 7 mo/ hospitably receiv$1 told u t he _h secur$ sixty doz5 ( _! eggs = w9t] use1 ?\gh ! ext5t ( ! isl& 0 sc>cely half an acre4 ,an egg ( ?is species 0 hat*$ 9 a mo/ curi\s mann] by a boat's crew1 :o kept x 9 a blanket by day1 & ne> ! fireplace at night4 ,= _m ye>s ?is bird liv$ q tame at ,d>tm\?1 swimm+ 9 ! riv]1 & wat*+ = ! return ( ! fi%]m51 :o always ?rew x a supply ( small fi%es4 ,,! ,,less] ,,black-,,back$ ,,or ,,yell[-,,legg$ ,,gull4 ,! ,,less] ,,black-,,back$ or ,,yell[-,,legg$ ,,gull 7,l>us fuscus74 ,9 ! summ] plumage ( ! adult bird1 ! head & :ole ( neck1 all r\nd1 are pure :ite2 ! back1 w+-cov]s1 & all ! w+-fea!rs d>k slate-grey1 ! tips only ( "s ( ! long] scapul>s & t]tials be+ :ite1 ! %ort] ( ! prim>ies h :ite tips2 ! upp] tail-cov]s & tail-fea!rs are :ite1 ! brea/1 belly1 & all ! "u surface ( ! body pure :ite1 legs & feet yell[1 bill yell[1 inf]ior angle ( l[] m&ible r$2 & ! irides /raw-yell[4 ,! :ole l5g? is tw5ty-?ree in*es1 f ! ant]ior jo9t ( ! w+ to ! tip ( ! longe/ quill-fea!r sixte5 in*es4 ,9 w9t] ! head & neck are /reak$ ) dusky br[n4 ,,! ,,h]r+ ,,gull4 ,! ,,h]r+ ,,gull 7,l>us arg5tatus74 ,9 summ] ! adults h ! head & neck pure :ite1 ! back & all ! w+-cov]s uni=m delicate ,fr5* grey2 t]tials tipp$ ) :ite2 prim>ies mo/ly black1 b grey on basal portion ( inn] web1 & ! fir/ prim>y ) a triangul> pat* ( :ite at ! end1 ! second & ?ird ) small] portions ( :ite2 upp] tail-cov]s & tail-fea!rs pure :ite2 *91 ?roat1 brea/1 belly1 & :ole ( "u surface ( body & tail pure :ite2 legs & feet fle%-col\r2 bill yell[1 angle ( "u m&ible r$2 edges ( eyelids orange1 irides /raw-yell[4 ,! l5g? is f tw5ty-two in*es to tw5ty-f\r in*es & a half1 dep5d+ on ! age & sex2 w+ f sixte5 in*es & a half to sev5te5 & a qu>t] long4 ,9 w9t] ! adult birds h ! head /reak$ ) dusky grey4 ,?is species is common along ! :ole ( ! s\? coa/ ( ,engl&1 & is p>ticul>ly num]\s 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight1 f ,fre%wat] ,bay to ! ,ne$les4 ,dur+ w9t] ! ,h]r+ ,gulls spread !mselves along ! coa/1 especially frequ5t+ ! e/u>ies :]e "y h]r+s are congregat$4 ,:5 engag$ ) a %oal ( fry1 says ,macgillivray1 ! ,h]r+ ,gulls hov] ov] ! wat]1 n[ asc5d+ to a height p]haps ( tw5ty feet1 !n skimm+ close ov] ! surface1 & on obs]v+ an object1 /ret*+ upw>d & vibrat+ _! w+s & lett+ d[n _! feet s z to t\* & sometimes pat ! wat]1 !y pick x up )\t alight+4 ,sometimes !y plunge p>tly into ! wat]1 & occasionally seize _! prey :ile swimm+4 ,all ?is :ile !y emit n[ & !n a l\d & r %rill cry4 ,!y fe$ on %ell-fi%1 & occasionally l>ge dead fi%es1 cru/aceans1 molluscs1 e*9i1 c4 ,dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ !y travel inl&1 seek+ = insects1 worms1 & simil> f>e1 !y re/ on bea*es & headl&s1 usually ly+ d[n1 b sometimes /&+ on "o leg4 ,audubon obs]v$ ^! birds 9 great numb]s 9 ! ,bay ( ,fundy4 ,! rocky %ores ( ! isl&s on :i* ,i saw !m bre$+1 says ?is writ]1 are cov]$ ) multitudes ( sea-ur*9s1 hav+ %ort gre5i% sp9es1 :i* give !m ! semblance ( a ball ( moss4 ,at l[ wat]1 ! ,h]r+ ,gulls frequ5tly dev\r ^! animals1 ?ru/+ _! bill ?r\gh ! %ell & suck+ its cont5ts4 ,!y also take up %ells into ! air & drop !m ^u ! rocks to break !m4 ,we saw "o t _h met ) a v h>d mussel1 take x up & drop x ?ree times 9 succession be=e x succe$$ 9 break+ x1 & ,i 0 mu* pleas$ to see ! bird let x fall ea* succe$+ "t f a great] height ?an be=e4 ,:ile on ,:itehead ,isl&1 9 ! ,bay ( ,fundy1 ,audubon saw numb]s ( ! ne/s ( ^! birds on fir-trees1 "s be+ plac$ ne> ! top1 o!rs on ! middle or l[] p>ts ( ! trees4 ,he 0 in=m$ by ! proprietor ( ! di/rict t 9 8 memory ^! ,gulls _h built _! ne/s on moss1 on op5 gr\nd1 b _! ne/s hav+ be5 robb$ & ! birds o!rwise annoy$1 !y _h betak5 !mselves to ! ?icke/ p>ts ( ! woods1 hop+ t by plac+ _! ne/s on ! trees !y w\ld be out ( ! rea* ( _! ar*-enemy1 man4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,h]r+ ,gull1 :i* is frequ5tly plac$ on l$ges ( rocks1 is usually =m$ ( grass1 or any o!r vegetable matt] t may be at h&4 ,! eggs are laid ab\t ,may3 ^! v>y mu* bo? 9 size & col\r4 ,! "y rema9 9 ! ne/ until !y are p>tially fl$g$1 b at once quit x if al>m$1 & frequ5tly take to ! wat] if pursu$4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,or ,,glauc\s ,,:ite-,,w+$ ,,gull4 ,! ,,l>ge or ,,glauc\s ,,:ite-,,w+$ ,,gull 7,l>us glaucus7 is almo/ entirely :ite1 ) a fa9t blue t+e ^u ! back & w+-cov]s2 ! prim>ies are also :ite1 & ext5d b little beyond ! end ( ! tail4 ,! bill is yell[i% :ite1 except ^u ! inf]ior angle ( ! l[] m&ible1 :i* is r$di% orange2 ! eyes are pale yell[1 & legs & feet fle%-r$4 ,9 w9t] ! head & neck are slightly /reak$ ) d>k grey4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is ab\t ?irty in*es2 ! w+ measures n9e & a half1 & ! tail eight in*es & a half2 accord+ to ,y>rell1 "s h be5 tak5 t measur$ ?irty-two & ?irty-?ree in*es4 ,! ,:ite-w+$ ,gull is an inhabitant ( ! high latitudes1 & 0 f\nd 9 great numb]s by our ,arctic voyag]s 9 ! ,pol> ,seas1 ,davis' ,/raits1 & ,baff9's ,bay1 bre$+ on precipit\s rocks & l$ges ( cliffs4 ,! ,glauc\s ,gull is also common 9 ,russia1 on ! %ores ( ! ,baltic1 & has be5 f\nd 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 & v>i\s p>ts ( our own & ! ,iri% coa/4 ,x visits ,%etl& ab\t ! middle ( autumn1 & dep>ts ab\t ! end ( spr+4 ,x frequ5ts op5 bays1 & att5ds fi%+-boats a few miles f l&1 9 ord] to fe$ ^u any refuse t may be ?r[n ov]bo>d4 ,sometimes1 if allur$ by c>rion1 x w ev5 v5ture inl&4 ,?is ,gull is v rapaci\s1 & :5 depriv$ ( o!r food w fall ^u small birds & eat !m4 ,sir ,j4 ,ri*>dson tells u x fe$s ^u c>rion1 & dur+ ,capta9 ,ross's exp$ition "o specim5 :5 /ruck disgorg$ an ,auk1 & aft] dea? ano!r 0 f\nd 9 its /oma*4 ,9 disposition x is %y & inactive1 & exhibits little ( ! clamor\sness obs]vable 9 mo/ o!r memb]s ( ! g5us4 ,! ,dut* h be/[$ ! "n ( ,burgoma/] ^u ?is bird2 &1 accord+ to ,scoresby1 x may ) propriety be call$ ! *ief magi/rate ( ! fea!r$ tribe 9 ! ,spitzb]g5 regions1 z none ( its class d>e dispute its au?ority1 :5 ) unhesitat+ sup]iority x desc5ds on its prey1 ?\gh 9 ! possession ( ano!r4 ,! ,burgoma/] is n a num]\s species1 & yet x is a g5]al att5dant on ! :ale-fi%]s1 :5ev] any spoils are to be obta9$4 ,x !n hov]s ov] ! sc5e ( action1 & hav+ m>k$ out its morsel1 desc5ds ^u x1 & c>ries x (f on ! w+4 ,on its desc5t1 ! mo/ da9ty food mu/ be rel9qui%$1 ?\gh 9 ! grasp ( ! ,fulm> ,petrel1 ! ,ivory ,gull1 or ! ,kittiwake4 ,x seldom alights 9 ! wat]2 :5 x re/s on ! ice x selects a hummock1 & fixes itself on ! highe/ p9nacle4 ,sometimes x condesc5ds to take a m humble situation1 t (f]s any advantages = procur+ food4 ,^u ^! occasions ! peculi>ity ( its appe>ance is v /rik+4 ,its usual deportm5t is grave & impos+1 exhibit+ little ( ! vivacity or inquisitiv5ess ( _m ( its tribe2 x is r\s$ to ex]tion *iefly by a s5se ( dang]1 or ! crav+s ( hung]4 ,:5 x flies1 x ext5ds its w+s m ?an any o!r species ( ,gull1 & its flight is rem>kably buoyant2 :5 n 9 que/ ( food x is ( a res]v$ disposition1 seldom com+ )9 range ( a f[l+-piece1 b keep+ at a respectful di/ance1 x utt]s at int]vals a ho>se scream1 ( a s\nd peculi> to itself4 ,scoresby f\nd ! eggs 7:i* are ( a yell[i% grey1 spott$ & blot*$ ) br[n & grey71 deposit$ on ! bea* above high-wat] m>k1 9 su* a mann] z to receive ! b5efit ( ! full rays ( ! sun4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,edmondson1 a s+le bird ( ?is species may occasionally be met ) accompany+ a l>ge flock ( o!r ,gulls1 & fe$+ ) !m4 ,,! ,,less] ,,:ite-,,w+$ ,,gull4 ,! ,,less] ,,:ite-,,w+$ ,,gull 7,l>us leucopt]us7 has ! head & neck entirely pure :ite2 ! back & w+s are pale grey2 ! prim>y quills1 *91 ?roat1 brea/1 entire "u surface1 & tail ( a beautiful pure :ite4 ,9 ! male ! bill is yell[1 ) r$ angle to l[] m&ible2 ! eyes are /raw-col\r1 & ! legs fle%-r$4 ,?is species is tw5ty-two in*es long2 ! po9t$ w+s :5 clos$ ext5d two in*es beyond ! tail4 ,accord+ to ,fab] ?is ,gull has grey spots on its w9t] plumage4 ,! ,less] ,:ite-w+$ ,gull 7=m]ly conf\nd$ ) ,l4 glaucus7 occupies ! nor!rn portions ( ! globe1 & has be5 se5 by ,arctic voyag]s 9 ,davis' ,/raits1 ,baff9's ,bay1 & ,melville ,isl&4 ,x is also f\nd 9 ,gre5l&1 &1 accord+ to ,audubon1 is se5 9 ,nor? ,am]ica f ,nova ,scotia to ,new ,york dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,?is species is less %y ?an ! ,h]r+ ,gull1 x also proce$s f>!r up ! riv]s & salt-wat] creeks1 & alights m frequ5tly 9 ! wat] or on salt mead[s ?an t bird4 ,a few examples h be5 %ot 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ,york%ire1 & ,irel&1 z well z 9 ! ,orkney & ,%etl& ,isles4 ,accord+ to ,fab] ?is is ! only ,gull t w9t]s 9 ,icel& )\t bre$+ !re4 ,i h1 he says1 travell$ ov] mo/ ( ! coa/ ( ! isl&1 b h nev] f\nd its bre$+-place4 ,a few days aft] ! middle ( ,septemb] a few specim5s1 bo? old & "y1 make _! appe>ance on ! coa/ ( ,icel&1 conf9+ !mselves to ! nor!rn p>ts1 among ! small inlets ( :i* great numb]s pass ! w9t]4 ,:5 ,i liv$ on ! inn]mo/ ( ! small fjords on ! nor!rn coa/1 ^! birds 7 our daily gue/s4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april _! numb]s decreas$1 & by ! end ( ,may !y _h ne>ly all disappe>$ f ,icel&4 ,^! tame birds came on l& by my w9t] dwell+ on ! nor!rn coa/1 to snap up ! entrails ?r[n away by ! inhabitants1 & f\ght = !m fi]cely ) ! ,rav54 ,i _h made "o s tame t x came e morn+ at a c]ta9 "t to my door to obta9 food1 & !n flew away aga94 ,x gave me notice ( its arrival by its cry4 ,^! ,gulls indicat$ to ! seal-%oot]s 9 ! fjord :]e !y %\ld look = seals1 cont9ually foll[+ _! track 9 ! sea1 & hov]+ ov] !m 9 flocks1 ) incessant cries1 & :ile ! seals hunt$ ! sprat & ! capel9 t[>ds ! surface ( ! wat]1 ^! ,gulls precipitat$ !mselves d[n ^u ! fi%es1 & snapp$ !m up4 ,9 l mann] !y foll[ ! track ( ! cod-fi% 9 ! sea1 to fe$ ^u ! booty hunt$ up by ?is fi% ( prey4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahba1 :i* ,i pass$ on ! s\!rn coa/1 !re 0 n a s+le ,l>us leucopt]us to be se54 ,on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 ! %ore 0 almo/ free f ,sea ,gulls2 b z ,i /epp$ out ( my room e>ly on ! #bnd ( ,m>*1 ! air 0 almo/ fill$ ) a species ( ,l>us :i* _h appe>$ sudd5ly4 ,z ,i approa*$ & look$ up at !m1 ,i soon recognis$ my ,l>us leucopt]us1 :i* _h arriv$ 9 great numb]s dur+ ! night4 ,! ,icel&]s conclud$1 f ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ^! ,gulls1 t %oals ( cod-fi% mu/ h arriv$ on ! coa/4 ,!y got ready _! fi%+-boats & nets1 & ! fi% _h 9 tru? arriv$ 9 su* numb]s t ! fi%+ = t season comm5c$ imm$iately4 ,!re1 :]e hi!rto an orni?ological quiet _h reign$1 ev]y?+ n[ became enliv5$ ?r\gh ! arrival ( ^! birds1 :i* )\t int]mission & ) incessant cries hov]$ ov] ! nets4 ,9 ?is ye>1 #ahba1 !y rema9$ on ! s\!rn coa/ till ! middle ( ,may1 :5 !y entirely left x1 to proce$ nor?w>d to _! bre$+-places4 ,?is ,gull 0 my wea!r-guide 9 w9t]4 ,if x swam ne> ! %ore1 & !re1 z if anxi\s1 mov$ along ) its fea!rs puff$ out1 !n ,i knew t on ! foll[+ day /orms & sn[s 7 to be expect$4 ,9 f9e wea!r x so>$ high 9 ! air4 ,^! birds (t5 sit by hundr$s on a piece ( ice1 & 9 t way are drift$ _m miles4 ,mr4 ,y>rell describes a specim5 egg 9 ! collection ( ,lady ,cu/ z be+ two in*es & a half long by "o in* & ?ree-qu>t]s broad1 ( a pale gre5i% :ite col\r1 ) num]\s spots & specks ( two %ades ( br[n1 ) o!rs ( a bluei%-grey1 ov] ! surface g5]ally4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,ice ,,gulls 7,pagophila7 are recognisable by _! sl5d] build1 proportionately long] w+s & tail1 small] feet1 & %ort] web betwe5 ! toes4 ,,! ,,ivory ,,gull4 ,! ,,ivory ,,gull 7,pagophila eburnea7 is pure :ite1 at times suffus$ ) a blu% ( p9k4 ,! eye is yell[1 & ! eye-r+ c>m9e-r$2 ! bill ov] half its l5g? f ! base is bluei%1 t[>ds its apex r$di% yell[1 & !re is a r+ ( gre5i% yell[ j 9 front ( ! no/rils2 ! feet are black4 ,9 "y birds ! head & neck are greyi%2 ! fea!rs ( ! mantle1 ! quills ( ! w+s1 & ! ends ( ! tail-fea!rs speckl$ ) black4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is tw5ty in*es2 bread?1 =ty-two in*es2 l5g? ( w+1 ?irte5 in*es & a half2 l5g? ( tail1 five in*es & a half4 ,! ,ivory ,gull is an inhabitant ( ! ,arctic ,regions1 & is only a r>e visitor 9 l[] latitudes4 ,x may be regul>ly met ) at ,spitzb]g51 z also 9 ! ,asiatic "p ( ! ,arctic ,ocean1 & 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,gre5l&1 b ev5 ,icel& seems too f> s\? = its resid5ce4 ,9 ,gre5l& x c h>dly be call$ sc>ce1 see+ t dur+ & aft] ! autumnal /orms x sometimes makes its appe>ance 9 great numb]s4 ,audubon tells u t x visits ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,labrador & ,newf\ndl& e w9t]4 ,a few individuals h be5 se5 on diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,briti% coa/s4 ,al?\gh s delicate 9 appe>ance1 says ,scoresby1 ?is ,gull is almo/ z r>e z ! ,fulm> ,petrel1 & z little nice 9 its food2 x is1 h[ev]1 m cauti\s4 ,x is a con/ant att5dant on ! fl5s+ op]ations ( ! :ale-fi%]s1 :5 x g5]ally seizes its portion :ile on ! w+4 ,l all o!r birds inhabit+ extreme nor!rn latitudes1 x is easily captur$ inde$1 ,holboell /ates t x may be tempt$ to come )9 rea* ( ! h& ) a bit ( bacon ti$ to a /r+4 ,:]ev] a walrus has be5 kill$ ^! birds are sure to make _! appe>ance1 & s devoid ( %yness are !y1 t by ?r[+ !m bits ( blubb] a man may cat* z _m ( !m z he *ooses4 ,numb]s ( ^! ,gulls are con/antly to be se5 ^u ! c>cases left by ! seal-hunt]s1 or ! ,pol> be>s1 & !y are always pres5t ar\nd ! holes or rifts 9 ! ice1 to :i* seals g5]ally resort4 ,z relates to ! bre$+ ( ^! birds1 ! same au?or tells u t on ! #g? ( ,july1 at ! nor!rn extremity ( ,mur*ison's ,bay1 he saw a great numb] ( !m ^u ! l$ges ( a p]p5dicul> cliff ( lime/one 9 company ) a v>iety ( o!r birds4 ,x 0 easy to p]ceive t ! females 7 sitt+ ^u _! eggs2 ^! 7 at ! "t q unapproa*able1 b on ! #cj? ( ,june he 0 ably assi/$ by a p>ty ( m51 furni%$ ) long ropes1 to get at "s ( ! ne/s1 :i* consi/$ ( a small quantity ( grass1 spread ^u ! b>e rock1 & rudely l9$ ) grass1 seawe$1 moss1 & fea!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,kittiwakes 7,rissa7 may be select$ z ! repres5tatives ( ! ,?ree-to$ ,gulls1 _! di/+ui%+ "* be+ t ! h9d] toe is want+ or r$uc$ to a m]e rudim5t4 ,%\ld o!r po9ts ( diff]5ce be s\ght =1 !y may be f\nd 9 ! feebl5ess ( ! beak & 9 ! proportionately %ort t>si4 ,! toes1 h[ev]1 are long1 & ! feet provid$ ) well-develop$ webs4 ,9 ! adults1 ! plumage ^u ! head1 neck1 rump1 tail1 & "u p>ts ( ! body is sn[-:ite1 & on ! mantle bluei% grey1 ! w+s are :iti% grey1 black at ! po9ts4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! eye-r+ coral-r$2 ! beak citron-yell[1 r$ at ! corn] ( ! m\?2 ! foot black1 yell[i% 9 ! sole4 ,aft] _! autumnal m\lt1 ! h9d] neck becomes bluei% grey1 & a r\nd spot beh9d ! e> black4 ,9 "y birds1 ! mantle is d>k grey1 ea* fea!r be+ m>g9$ ) black4 ,! l5g? ( ?is ,gull is f sixte5 to sev5te5 in*es1 ! bread? ?irty-sev5 to ?irty-n9e in*es2 ! l5g? ( ! w+ twelve in*es1 & ( ! tail five in*es4 ,?is bird is an inhabitant ( high nor!rn latitudes2 dur+ ! w9t]1 h[ev]1 x leaves ! froz5 ocean1 & n only appe>s 9 consid]able numb]s ^u ! %ores ( ,great ,brita91 b ext5ds its flight to places mu* f>!r s\?4 ,^! ,gulls are se5 inl& m frequ5tly ?an ! g5]ality ( _! k9dr$1 z !y (t5 foll[ ! c\rse ( riv]s to a consid]able di/ance into ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1 sometimes appe>+ !re 9 l>ge flocks4 ,9 ,icel& & ,gre5l& _! arrival is always hail$ z ! h>b+] ( spr+4 ,!y make _! appe>ance !re betwe5 ! #h? & #bj? ( ,m>*1 & al?\gh ! wea!r is /ill pi]c+ly cold1 proce$ at once to take possession ( ! rocks :]e !y int5d to bre$1 z ?\gh ea* pair 7 anxi\s to lose no "t 9 secur+ a re/+-place4 ,%\ld ! l$ges ( ! rock happ5 to be cov]$ ) sn[1 ! ,kittiwakes are m ?an usually re/less1 & _! unremitt+ %rieks are almo/ deaf5+4 ,!y rema9 9 _! summ] resid5ce till ne> ,novemb]1 ab\t :i* "t !y leave ! fjords & fly away into ! op5 sea4 ,9 _! habits ! ,kittiwakes are p]haps m sociable & noisi] ?an ! re/ ( _! family1 b 9 o!r respects !y pres5t no?+ p>ticul>ly noticeable4 ,!y walk badly1 & !re=e seldom come on dry l&1 b !y swim well1 ev5 9 ! r\ghe/ wea!r4 ,_! flight is light1 easy1 & mu* div]sifi$1 sometimes sweep+ ar\nd 9 beautiful gyrations1 sometimes urg$ rapidly =w>d by long /rokes ( _! w+s4 ,occasionally !y w plunge f a consid]able altitude into ! wat]1 to cat* a fi%1 or seize ^u any food t happ5s to pres5t itself4 ,!y nev] seem to qu>rel1 & x is really wond]ful to obs]ve 9 :at h>mony ?\s&s1 or we might say millions1 ( !m live toge!r4 ,= _! bre$+-places ^! ,gulls inv>iably select rocks well furni%$ ) l$ges1 projections1 or cavities1 rang$ "o above ano!r1 & x is on ^! %elves or )9 ! holl[s1 t !y place _! ne/s4 ,f ! foot ( ! rock to its v summit1 ea* coign ( vantage is appropriat$1 ea* plat=m cov]$1 & if n exactly coo+ l s _m ,doves1 at lea/ !y make z musical %riek+s & scree*+s z a ,sea ,gull is capable ( produc+4 ,dur+ all ?is love-mak+1 great numb]s are cont9ually fly+ hi!r & ?i!r 9 se>* ( mat]ials ) :i* to build1 s t ! :ole hill is surr\nd$ ) !m1 & :5 se5 at a di/ance !y pres5t v mu* ! appe>ance ( a sw>m ( bees4 ,previ\s to our visit+ ,lapl& we _h read descriptions ( ^! bre$+-places1 b f !m _h =m$ a v imp]fect conception ( ! reality4 ,nev] %all we =get ! day on :i* we made an excursion to ,svrrholt1 n v f> f ! ,nor? ,cape4 ,! va/ p]p5dicul> front ( ! rock to :i* ! ,gulls resort$1 look$ z we approa*$ x l a gigantic slate cov]$ all ov] ) millions ( little :ite dots4 ,on our fir+ a gun1 all ^! millions ( %9+ po9ts seem$ to deta* !mselves f ! d>k backgr\nd1 aft]w>ds to become alive1 next to become ,sea ,gulls1 & !n to p\r !mselves 9 a cont9u\s /ream into ! sea4 ,look+ upw>ds x seem$ exactly z if a great sn[-/orm _h begun to %[] gigantic flakes f ! skies--= m9utes toge!r x sn[$ birds1 ! :ole sea1 z f> z we c\ld disc]n1 0 ?ickly cov]$ ) !m1 & yet ! surface ( ! rock seem$ z d5sely peopl$ ) birds z at fir/4 ,we _h be=e ?\ght ! n>ratives we _h read 7 exagg]ations1 we n[ f\nd !m to be f> bel[ ! tru?4 ,9 e ne/ ^! birds lay ?ree or f\r eggs ( a dirty ru/y yell[1 sp>sely bespr9kl$ ) dots & /reaks ( a d>k] t9t4 ,x is only reasonable to suppose t ea* pair devote !mselves exclusively to ! incubation ( _! own eggs & ! re>+ ( _! own "y4 ,b h[ a pair1 among all ^? hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ne/s c ev] f9d _! own abode1 or ev5 ea* o!r1 :5 !y h once left _! place ev5 = a m9ute is beyond our compreh5sion4 ,! "y birds rema9 9 ! ne/ till ! middle ( ,augu/1 at :i* "t !y are suffici5tly fl$g$ to enable !m to fly out to sea & add _! voice to ! deaf5+ scree*+ ( _! fell[s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,black-,,head$ ,,gulls 7,*roicocephalus7 con/itute a gr\p ^: mo/ conspicu\s "* is t1 :5 9 _! nuptial dress1 _! head is cov]$1 z x 71 ) a black cap4 ,we c h>dly1 f ?is circum/ance1 reg>d !m z a di/9ct sub-family2 nev]!less1 !y pres5t c]ta9 peculi>ities n common to ! race4 ,all ^! birds inhabit temp]ate climates1 & seldom or nev] appe> 9 ! nor!rn regions visit$ by s _m o!r species4 ,! food ( ! ,black-head$ ,gulls consi/s pr9cipally ( insects & small fi%es2 h[ev]1 !y by no means despise small quadrup$s or c>rion4 ,insects !y g5]ally cat* 9 ! wat] & pick f ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 b occasionally !y take !m :ile on ! w+4 ,! "y are f$ almo/ exclusively on insects4 ,,! ,,laugh+ ,,gull4 ,! ,,laugh+ ,,gull 7,*roicocephalus ridibundus74 ,! adult 9 summ] has ! head1 occiput1 & upp] "p ( ! neck ( a d>k br[n1 ! col\r be+ mo/ int5se :5 fir/ assum$1 & becom+ light] by "t & we>2 ! sides & back ( ! neck are pure :ite2 ! back1 w+-cov]s1 second>ies1 & t]tials1 uni=m ,fr5* grey2 ! fir/ ?ree quill prim>ies :ite on ! %afts & webs1 b m>g9$ ) black2 ! f\r? :ite on ! out] web1 grey on ! inn] web1 & edg$ ) black2 ! fif? & six? grey on bo? webs1 ! edge ( ! inn] or broad] web & ! po9t black2 tail-cov]s & tail-fea!rs :ite2 front ( ! neck1 brea/1 & all ! "u surface ( ! body & tail pure :ite2 legs & feet1 l ! beak1 are v]milion-r$2 irides hazel2 eyelids orange4 ,! adult bird 9 w9t] has ! head only slightly m>k$ ) a dusky pat* at ! e>-cov]s4 ,! "y are br[ni% on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body4 ,?is species is sixte5 in*es long1 & ?irty-six in*es broad2 ! w+ measures twelve & tail five in*es4 ,) reg>d to ! *ange 9 col\r ( ! head accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>1 ,mr4 ,y>rell obs]ves3 ,a ,gull 9 ! collection at ! ,g>d5s ( ! ,zoological ,society began to *ange col\r on ! head1 f :ite to d>k br[n1 on ! #aa? ( ,m>*2 x 0 a *ange ( col\r1 & n an act ( m\lt+2 no fea!r 0 %$1 & ! *ange 0 complet$ 9 five days4 ,! ,laugh+ ,gull is pl5tiful f #cj to #fj nor? latitude1 & )9 ?is zone x re>s its "y4 ,x is met ) pretty ne>ly 9 equal numb]s ^u suitable inl& wat]s 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica4 ,9 ! ,s\? ( ,europe x is se5 ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 9 ,c5tral ,europe & ,great ,brita9 x is only a visitor1 leav+ u 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] to take up its qu>t]s ^u ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 said to be a con/ant resid5t 9 ,irel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,laugh+ ,,gull 7,*roicocephalus ridibundus74 ,:5 ! sn[ beg9s to melt1 ^! ,gulls return1 & 9 f9e seasons arrive at _! m nor!rn t]m9us t[>ds ! end ( ,m>*1 or at ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,be=e comm5c+ _! j\rney1 ! old birds h already select$ _! mates2 !y accompany _! p>tn]s at once to ! bre$+-places1 b ! y\ng] ones seem to def] _! c\rt%ip till !y arrive at _! de/9ation4 ,!y only live 9 ! sea dur+ ! w9t]1 & x is seldom t !y bre$ ev5 on isl&s ne> ! coa/4 ,fre% wat]s1 surr\nd$ by fields1 are _! fav\rite places ( resort 9 ! summ] season1 & "h !y f9d ev]y?+ t !y require4 ,^! birds are abundant at ! m\? ( ! ,?ames1 :]e !y lay _! eggs on ! l[ flat isl&s & m>%es ( ,essex4 ,9 ,norfolk an ext5sive piece ( wat]1 call$ ,sc\lton ,m]e1 has f "t immemorial be5 "o ( _! fav\rite bre$+-places4 ,! eggs1 :i* are mo/ abundant !re ab\t ,may1 are assidu\sly collect$1 & are sometimes s pl5tiful t we are told a man & ?ree boys h obta9$ #a1fjj 9 a s+le day4 ,:5 swimm+1 ^! ,gulls may be reg>d$ z ornam5tal birds1 m especially :5 !y are 9 _! full plumage4 ,_! movem5ts are extremely elegant & graceful1 !y walk quickly1 & are n readily tir$1 & = h\rs toge!r may be se5 foll[+ ! pl\ghman1 or roam+ ab\t fields & mead[s 9 se>* ( insects4 ,!y swim beautifully1 b n v rapidly4 ,!y rise readily into ! air1 ei!r f ! surface ( ! gr\nd or f ! wat]1 & app>5tly )\t ef=t p]=m a v>iety ( pleas+ evolutions dur+ _! flight4 ,9 "s ( ! ,swiss cantons1 & 9 all p>ts ( ,s\!rn ,europe ly+ ne> ! sea1 !y are treat$ by ! inhabitants z if half dome/icat$4 ,!y may be se5 ev]y:]e1 runn+ ab\t ) ! greate/ confid5ce1 z if !y knew v well t no "o w\ld attempt to d !m an injury4 ,_! voice is h>% & disagreeable1 e>n+ = !m d\btless ! "n ( ,sea ,cr[s1 :]eby !y are g5]ally designat$4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april ! bre$+ season comm5ces1 & aft] mu* qu>rell+ ! place select$ :]e ea* pair is to build its ne/4 ,^! birds nev] bre$ sep>ately1 seldom 9 small p>ties1 b mo/ g5]ally 9 l>ge flocks1 ( hundr$s or r ?\s&s ( birds1 :i* g5]ally cr[d !mselves toge!r into a v limit$ space4 ,_! ne/s are usually plac$ ^u insulat$ pat*es ( gr\nd surr\nd$ by wat]1 or situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( a m>%1 & ov]gr[n ) s$ges1 re$s1 & ru%es2 "u "s circum/ances !y w build 9 ! m>% itself1 %elt]+ _! ne/s among tufts ( grass1 b always 9 "s unfrequ5t$ situation1 to :i* access is ne>ly impracticable4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ne/ is laid by flatt5+ d[n ! h]bage & l9+ ! cavity s =m$ ) leaves1 /raw1 & simil> mat]ials4 ,! eggs1 :i* are deposit$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 to ! numb] ( f\r or five 9 ea* ne/1 are tol]ably l>ge1 ( a pale olive-gre5 col\r1 speckl$1 spott$1 & /reak$ ) a%y-grey & d>k br[ni% grey1 b ! eggs v>y consid]ably bo? 9 size1 col\r1 & m>k+s4 ,! two sexes brood alt]nately1 "o or o!r ( !m rema9+ con/antly ^u ! ne/ dur+ ! night1 b 9 ! daytime !y seem to ?9k ! heat ( ! sun an effici5t sub/itute = _! pres5ce4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ab\t eighte5 days ! "y make _! appe>ance1 & 9 ab\t ?ree or f\r weeks aft]w>ds are completely fl$g$4 ,9 situations :]e ! ne/s are surr\nd$ by wat] ! "y ones d n leave !m dur+ ! fir/ few days1 b if !y are situat$ ^u dry gr\nd ! little ne/l+s scramble out & run ab\t v actively4 ,:5 a =tnight old !y are able to flutt] f place to place1 & at ! end ( ! ?ird week are almo/ able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,! c\rage ) :i* ! p>5ts def5d _! "y is mo/ exempl>y4 ,no soon] does an enemy 9 ! %ape ( a ,hawk1 a ,cr[1 or a ,h]on make its appe>ance1 ?an a trem5d\s outcry is rais$ by ! :ole colony1 ev5 ! brood+ birds leave _! ne/s1 & all ru% =w>d to oppose ! invad]4 ,a dog or fox !y attack ) equal fury4 ,%\ld a man intrude ^u !m !y fly ar\nd him 9 circles1 scream+ ) all _! might1 & if1 deaf5$ by ! noise1 he retires1 he is foll[$ to "s di/ance1 ) e indication ( joy at 8 dep>ture4 ,9 ! nor? ( ,g]many x is common on a c]ta9 day to h a g5]al battue1 & slaught] ! poor ,gulls by :olesale4 ,?is useless de/ruction1 :i*1 "u ! "n ( ! ,gull-%oot+1 s]ves z an excuse = a g5]al holiday1 sav\rs mu* ( ! b>b>ism ( ! ,d>k ,ages2 z1 f> f be+ p]nici\s1 ^! beautiful birds r5d] important s]vices to ! f>m]s by cle>+ ! l& ( a va/ quantity ( hurtful insects4 ,,! ,,great ,,black-,,head$ ,,gull4 ,! ,,great ,,black-,,head$ ,,gull 7,*roicocephalus i*?yatus7 9 its summ] plumage has ! entire head & upp] neck black1 ! fea!r$ orbits :ite1 back & w+ blue-grey1 upp] tail-cov]s & tail pure :ite1 ) a black b&1 prim>ies ) a black b&1 increas+ 9 wid? to ! out]mo/ "o1 :i* has ! :ole ( ! web black1 ! re/ ( ! fir/ five prim>ies :ite1 ! o!rs grey1 tipp$ ) :ite2 ! o!r p>ts ( ! plumage are pure :ite2 bill r$1 yell[ at tip2 irides br[n2 feet dull r$2 l5g? ab\t tw5ty-six in*es2 w+ n9ete5 to tw5ty in*es2 tail sev5 in*es2 bill at front two in*es & a qu>t]2 t>sus ?ree in*es2 ! clos$ w+ ext5ds ab\t "o in* & a half beyond ! tail4 ,?is bird inhabits ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,asia1 & is r>e 9 ,india4 ,j]don obs]v$ x on ! sea-coa/ at ,madras1 & occasionally asc5d+ ! ,hooghly & o!r l>ge riv]s4 ,x frequ5ts ! bord]s ( ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,! eggs1 :i* are oblong1 & m>k$ ) deep br[n & pal] spots1 are laid on ! b>e s&1 ne> l>ge riv]s4 ,:5 fly+1 ! ho>se voice ( ?is bird resembles t ( ! ,rov]4 ,,! ,,less] ,,black-,,head$ ,,gull4 ,! ,,less] ,,black-,,head$ ,,gull 7,*roicocephalus melanocephalus7 is ab\t fifte5 in*es & a qu>t] 9 l5g?4 ,9 ?is species ! :ole head1 except a small pat* ( :ite above & b5ea? ! eye1 is ( an extremely deep black2 ! back ( neck1 *e/1 tail1 & all ! "u p>ts are pure :ite2 ! :ole ( ! upp] "p1 delicate pe>l-grey2 prim>ies1 :ite at _! tips1 ! out] web ( ! fir/ prim>y black = ?ree p>ts ( its l5g?2 beak1 legs1 & eyelids v]milion1 irides br[n4 ,?is bird inhabits ,s\!rn ,europe1 p>ticul>ly ! %ores ( ! ,adriatic4 ,x ab\nds 9 ,dalmatia1 bre$+ 9 ! m>%es4 ,,! ,,little ,,gull4 ,! ,,little ,,gull 7,*roicocephalus m9uta74 ,9 w9t] ! entire upp] surface ( ! adult's plumage is ( a bluei% a%2 quills & second>ies tipp$ ) :ite2 ?roat & "u surface pure :ite1 ) a slight t+e ( rose-col\r2 bill br[ni% r$2 t>si bright r$2 irides br[n4 ,9 summ] ! :ole ( ! head & upp] "p become ( a br[ni% black4 ,x is f\nd1 ?\gh n 9 great abundance1 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,europe4 ,?is species inhabits ! ea/]n p>ts ( ,russia1 ,livonia1 & ,hung>y1 & ! %ores ( ! ,black & ,caspian ,seas4 ,x is r>e 9 ,great ,brita91 & 0 fir/ describ$ z a ,briti% bird by ,montagu1 9 8 ,orni?ological ,diction>y4 ,accord+ to ,temm9ck1 x fe$s on worms & insects4 ,little1 h[ev]1 is kn[n ( its habits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,skuas 7,le/res71 al?\gh resembl+ ! ,gulls 9 %ape & plumage1 diff] f !m 9 s _m p>ticul>s t !y mu/ be reg>d$ z =m+ a sep>ate family4 ,! pr9cipal po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ^! birds & ! true ,sea ,gulls are f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( ! beak & feet1 z also 9 ! peculi>ity ( _! col\rs1 & 9 _! mode ( life4 ,9 ! ,skuas ! body is /rongly built1 ! neck %ort1 ! head small1 ! beak mod]ately %ort b /rong1 ?ick1 & t[>ds ! apex compress$4 ,! upp] m&ible is vault$ above1 /rongly hook$1 & provid$ at its base ) a c]e4 ,! t>sus is mod]ately high1 ! toes %ort1 b ) a v complete web1 & furni%$ ) crook$1 %>p-po9t$1 & %>p-edg$ claws4 ,! w+s are long1 n>r[1 & po9t$1 ! fir/ quill be+ ! longe/4 ,! tail consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 ( mod]ate l5g?1 & has ! c5tral tail-fea!rs prolong$4 ,! plumage is ri* & ?ick1 ^u ! "u surface fur-l2 its prevail+ col\r is a dusky br[n4 ,! ,skuas1 or ,p>asite ,gulls1 are mo/ abundant 9 ! ,arctic ,regions4 ,!y live pr9cipally 9 ! op5 sea1 b at _! bre$+-"t seek ! neighb\rhood ( coa/s & isl&s4 ,occasionally !y w+ _! way into m s\!rn latitudes1 & sometimes are to be se5 f> inl&4 ,9 /r5g? ( w+ !y are sup]ior to ! ,gulls1 & !y swim well1 b pref] fly+ to swimm+4 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se1 !y might be said to hold a middle position betwe5 ,sea ,gulls & birds ( prey4 ,!y attack all animals t !y are able to subdue1 & p]secute _! weak] bre?r5 until !y oblige !m to yield up :atsoev] prey !y may h caught4 ,inde$1 x 0 rec5tly g5]ally believ$ t !y 7 unable to cat* prey = !mselves1 b 7 oblig$ to live ! life ( freeboot]s1 & dep5d ^u ?iev+ = _! support2 mod]n obs]vations h1 h[ev]1 %[n t ?is is n altoge!r correct4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 q true t _! p[] ( div+ is n su* z to enable !m to cat* fi%es at any great dep?2 !y c only procure su* z may be swimm+ close to ! surface4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 by no means conf9$ to a fi% diet2 !y dev\r birds & _! eggs1 kill small quadrup$s1 & prey ^u %ell-fi% ( e k9d4 ,!y w ev5 attack "y lambs1 hack out _! eyes & bra9s1 &1 9 %ort1 prey ^u ev]y?+ t (f]s itself1 :e!r liv+ or dead4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 !y live by ! lab\r ( o!r div+ birds4 ,!y wat* ! ,gulls1 ,t]ns1 ,guillemots1 & o!r pr$atory species1 & :5ev] !y p]ceive t !y h caught a fi%1 ha/5 aft] !m ) all spe$1 & s torm5t & worry !m z to compel !m to disgorge _! already swall[$ prey1 & let x drop f _! m\?s4 ,no soon] d _! pursu]s see x fall ?an1 swoop+ aft] x ) ! spe$ ( a ,falcon1 !y cat* x be=e x rea*es ! wat]1 & appropriate x to _! own use4 ,su* b>efac$ robb]y z ?is naturally causes ! ,skuas to be dete/$ by all seaf>+ birds2 nev]!less1 !y seem to c>e v little = ! g5]al hatr$1 & recklessly pursue _! sy/em ( plund] :5ev] opportunity (f]s4 ,no sea-bird w brood 9 _! vic9ity1 or rema9 ^u any inl& lake ( :i* !y h possession4 ,e individual :o has once made _! acqua9tance endeav\rs1 z ! sailors say1 to give !m a wide b]?4 ,! m valor\s species (t5 attack !m furi\sly2 ! timid flee at _! approa*1 or if !y are 9 a position :i* enables !m to d s1 dive out ( _! sight4 ,:5 _! bre$+-"t arrives1 ! ,skuas assemble 9 small p>ties1 & build _! ne/s 9 company ) ea* o!r4 ,! places select$ = ?is purpose are g5]ally l>ge isl&s1 "s species pref]r+ ! level ( ! %ore1 o!rs ! summits ( ! highe/ rocks4 ,9 ^! localities !y scrat* or con/ruct = !mselves a r\nd excavation 9 ! s&1 &1 if practicable1 conceal$ among plants1 & 9 ! ample ne/ lay two or ?ree eggs1 ^u :i* ! male & female sit alt]nately4 ,! "y are f$ at fir/ ) food p>tially dige/$ 9 ! /oma*s ( _! p>5ts1 subsequ5tly ^u co>s] diet4 ,!y rema9 9 ! ne/ = sev]al days1 & :5 !y leave x run ab\t on ! bea* l "y birds1 hid+ !mselves1 9 case ( dang]1 betwe5 ! /ones1 or among ! inequalities ( ! gr\nd4 ,aft] !y h become capable ( flight1 !y cont9ue = "s "t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! coa/1 pr(it by _! p>5ts' in/ructions1 & 9 _! company !y at la/ fly away to ! op5 sea4 ,9 ! second summ] ( _! lives !y beg9 to bre$4 ,! eggs ( ! ,skuas are eat5 by ! inhabitants ( nor!rn c\ntries1 b ! birds !mselves are consid]$ wor?less2 nev]!less1 !y are kill$ 9 great numb]s4 ,! *ase aft] !m is easy en\gh1 inasmu* z !y w gre$ily swall[ any k9d ( bait1 & fe> man no m ?an !y d ! birds t !y plund]4 ,,! ,,common ,,skua4 ,! ,,common ,,skua 7,le/ris cat>ractes71 ! mo/ conspicu\s memb] ( ! above family1 is tw5ty-two in*es long1 fifty-two in*es broad2 ! l5g? ( its w+ sixte5 in*es & a half1 ( ! tail1 six in*es & a half4 ,! col\r ( its plumage is greyi% br[n1 ! some:at light] "u surface is /rip$ longitud9ally ) pale or r$ grey2 a space at ! base ( ! d>k-col\r$ w+ is :ite2 ! eye is r$-br[n2 ! beak lead5 grey at ! root1 & black at ! apex2 ! foot blacki% grey4 ,! "y birds resemble ! adults4 ,al?\gh ! prop] climate ( ! ,skua is betwe5 #fj & #gj nor? latitude1 x has also be5 met ) 9 ! temp]ate zone ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,9 ,europe its head-qu>t]s are 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,f>oe & ,%etl& ,isl&s2 also on ! coa/s ( ,icel&1 & ! ,orkneys & ,hebrides1 rang+ f !nce1 9 ! w9t] season1 to ! nor!rn %ores ( ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,g]many4 ,! great] numb] ( !m1 h[ev]1 rema9 con/antly 9 ! nor?1 seek+ = _! food :]ev] ! sea may happ5 to be free f ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,skua 7,le/ris cat>ractes74 ,! ,skua is recognisable f ! l>g] ,gulls by ! v>i$ "*1 facility1 & rapidity ( its movem5ts4 ,x runs quickly :5 ^u dry l&1 swims beautifully1 float+ ) its brea/ deeply imm]s$1 & rises easily into ! air1 :e!r f ! sea or f level gr\nd4 ,! flight ( ?is bird resembles t ( ! l>g] ,sea ,gulls1 b is n s equable4 ,sometimes ! cel]ity ( its movem5ts w be> comp>ison ) ^? ( ! ,hawks & ,eagles4 ,sometimes x skims ov] ! surface ( ! sea )\t ! slighte/ p]ceptible motion ( its w+s1 or ru%es f a great height obliquely d[nw>ds t[>ds ! surface ( ! sea1 te>+ ?r\gh ! air ) surpris+ rapidity4 ,9 d>+1 ?iev+1 & unsociabl5ess x n only f> exce$s ! ,gulls1 b surpasses e o!r sea-bird4 ,( all ! tyrants ( ! sea x is ! mo/ univ]sally dread$2 x has no p>ticipation or fri5d%ip ) any o!r species2 & al?\gh only ! /ronge/ ( its enemies ev] v5ture to attack s r$\btable a foe1 x is held 9 univ]sal abhorr5ce4 ,! op9ion ent]ta9$ by o!r birds z to its cunn+ & f]ocity is be/ exemplifi$ by ! fact t ev5 su* z are f> l>g] & /rong] ?an _! oppressors submit to be robb$ & bulli$ 9 ! mann] we h describ$1 )\t mak+ ! slighte/ resi/ance4 ,! appetite ( ! ,skuas is exactly proportion$ to _! re/lessness & activity4 ,s long z !y are on ! w+ !y are con/antly employ$ 9 satisfy+ ! crav+s ( _! rav5\s maw4 ,%\ld no o!r bird appe> 9 sight ^u :i* to ex]cise _! avocation z highwaym51 !y are "u ! necessity ( fi%+ = !mselves1 & if n successful 9 _! endeav\rs to obta9 a meal1 h rec\rse to ! %ore1 ^u :i* !y dilig5tly se>* = any?+ 9 ! %ape ( food t may h be5 left by ! rec$+ tide4 ,%\ld ?is res\rce likewise fail !m1 !y fly (f into ! fields & inl& m>%es1 :]e !y pick up worms1 insects1 & small mollusca2 or %\ld !y meet ) a sea-bird simil>ly occupi$1 !y at once give *ase1 exhibit+ z mu* /r5g? & skilfulness 9 ! use ( _! w+s z !y d c\rage & audacity 9 plann+ _! attack1 nev] leav+ _! victim until !y h made him disgorge ! cont5ts ( 8 /oma*1 & appropriat$ x to _! own use4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 inde$1 !y w kill & dev\r ! bird itself4 ,graba tells u t he saw "o ( !m at a s+le bl[ %att] ! skull ( a ,c\lt]neb1 & v>i\s witnesses te/ify t !y eat ,sea ,gulls & ,guillemots1 /rik+ !m dead ) _! beaks1 & aft]w>ds te>+ !m to pieces4 ,w\nd$ or disabl$ birds !y remorselessly dev\r4 ,9 ! bre$+-places !y plund] ! ne/s1 break+ ! eggs & swall[+ ! "y4 ,a g5]al %riek1 says ,nordmann1 rises f a ?\s& ?roats z soon z "o ( ^! m>aud]s is se5 w++ 8 way t[>ds ! rock1 & yet none ( ! brood+ birds w v5ture to (f] any?+ l a s]i\s resi/ance to ! invad]4 ,he seizes hold ( ! "y birds1 wr5*+ !m f ! v beaks ( _! p>5ts1 :o only foll[ ! robb] to a little di/ance f ! ne/1 )\t any effectual result4 ,s soon z ! ?ief f9ds himself no long] pursu$1 he flies d[n to ! sea1 kills & dev\rs 8 prey1 & !n flies (f ) x to 8 own ne/1 :]e he disgorges x = ! b5efit ( 8 "y family4 ,:5 mak+ ^! raids1 ! ,skua has nev] be5 obs]v$ to use any o!r weapon ?an 8 beak1 al?\gh x w\ld seem probable1 f ! %>pness ( 8 p[]ful1 /rongly-hook$ claws1 t !y likewise may be resort$ to z =midable in/rum5ts ( attack4 ,aft] a pl5tiful meal1 ! ,skua betakes himself to "s rock1 :]e he sits = a "t ) puff$-out fea!rs1 app>5tly enjoy+ a luxuri\s nap1 & 9 t position he rema9s till ! calls ( hung] aga9 prompt him to active ex]tion4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 ! ,skuas may be se5 congregat+ 9 pairs 9 ! vic9ity ( _! bre$+-places1 :]e1 ^u "s rocky plat=m or moss-gr[n ov]hang+ l$ge1 !y con/ruct _! ne/s4 ,^! are g5]ally m]e cavities1 holl[$ out by ! pressure ( _! bodies1 & "h1 dur+ ! fir/ days ( ,june1 !y lay two eggs ( a dirty olive-gre5 col\r1 spott$ ) br[n4 ,"o ( _! bre$+-places visit$ by ,graba 0 occupi$ by ab\t fifty c\ples4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,dunn1 ?is species has ?ree bre$+-places 9 ! ,%etl& ,isles--,f\la1 ,rona's ,hill1 & ! ,isle ( ,un/4 ,9 ! latt] place x is by no means num]\s1 & is /rictly pres]v$ by ! l&lords on ^: prop]ty x may h settl$1 f a supposition t x w def5d _! flocks f ! attack ( ! ,eagle4 ,t x w attack ! ,eagle if he approa*es its ne/ is a fact t ,i h witness$4 ,i once saw a pair beat (f a l>ge ,eagle f _! bre$+-place on ,rona's ,hill4 ,%\ld a man approa* ! ne/1 ! old birds at once fly into ! air scream+ furi\sly1 & sometimes boldly attack ! ra% intrud] on _! privacy by deal+ viol5t bl[s ab\t 8 head & face4 ,sometimes1 accord+ to ,graba1 bird-cat*]s hold knives above _! caps1 ^u :i* ! birds occasionally impale !mselves z !y swoop viol5tly d[n & endeav\r to w\nd ! enemy's head4 ,bo? p>5ts assi/ 9 ! "w ( incubation1 & hat* ! eggs 9 ab\t f\r weeks4 ,! "y are nimble1 gallant little fell[s1 & leave ! ne/ almo/ imm$iately aft] quitt+ ! %ell4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,records ( ! ,w]n]ian ,society in=ms u t on al>m ( dang] !y secrete !mselves ) great art beh9d /ones1 or 9 holes1 & if captur$ make a mo/ amus+ %[ ( def5ce4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$1 ! fl$gl+s are w>mly clad 9 greyi% br[n d[n1 & are re>$ ^u small mollusca1 worms1 eggs1 & simil> delicacies1 disgorg$ f ! p>5ts' crop2 at a lat] p]iod !y are suppli$ ) half-dige/$ fi% or fle%1 or sometimes ) "y birds4 ,:5 able to provide = !mselves1 !y are said to eat b]ries ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,by ! end ( ,augu/ !y h atta9$ _! full gr[?1 & 9 ,septemb] are able to fly out to sea4 ,! ,common ,skua is easily tam$1 & 9 "s places1 says ,mr4 ,dunn1 is a great fav\rite ) ! fi%]m51 frequ5tly accompany+ _! boats to ! fi%+-gr\nd2 ?is ! fi%]m5 consid] a lucky om51 & 9 return = its att5dance !y give x ! refuse ( ! fi% :i* are caught1 or supply x ) any useless g>bage f _! nets4 ,,buffon',s ,,or ,,! ,,p>asite ,,skua4 ,,buffon',s or ! ,,p>asite ,,skua 7,le/ris ,/]cor>ius p>asitica7 is consid]ably small]1 & m sl5d]ly built1 ?an ! species la/ describ$1 f :i* x is also di/+ui%able by ! c5tral tail-fea!rs4 ,^! are consid]ably elongat$ & %>p-po9t$4 ,! col\r ( ?is bird is ei!r sooty br[n1 ) a :ite ?roat1 & a :iti% or yell[i% pat* ^u ! =ehead1 or ! upp] side is sooty br[n1 ! ?roat yell[i%1 ! "u side greyi% :ite1 & ! region ( ! crop grey4 ,?is v>iation 9 ! col\rs ( diff]5t specim5s seems q indep5d5t ei!r ( age or sex4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak black1 c]e d>k lead5 grey1 & ! foot blue-black4 ,! l5g? is eighte5 to n9ete5 in*es2 bread?1 ?irty-n9e to =ty-two in*es2 l5g? ( w+1 twelve in*es2 l5g? ( tail1 sev5 in*es4 ,! ,p>asite ,skua is met ) 9 ! ,arctic ,regions ( bo? hemisph]es4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,spitzb]g5 & ,gre5l&1 ext5d+ !nce to ! middle ( ! coa/ ( ,norway2 x occurs 9 ,icel&2 9 ! isl&s to ! nor? ( ,scotl&2 9 ! ,f>oe ,isl&s2 (f ! coa/ ( ,labrador2 9 ,newf\ndl&2 also 9 ,behr+'s ,/raits2 & 9 ! ,sea ( ,o*otsk x is abundant4 ,9 ,engl& & ,irel& x is b r>ely se54 ,dur+ ! w9t] x is a regul> visitant to ! m s\!rn coa/s ( ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,nor? ,sea1 & sometimes w&]s inl&4 ,except dur+ ! bre$+ season1 x passes its :ole life on ! sea4 ,its pres5ce is by no means conf9$ to coa/s & rocky reefs2 x rema9s = weeks toge!r f> out ( sight ( l&4 ,! unpractis$ obs]v] w f9d b little difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ ! ,p>asite ,gull1 ev5 f its ne>e/ allies1 z soon z he has witness$ ! mann] ( its flight4 ,its gait :5 walk+ is hurri$1 b is n o!rwise rem>kable1 & :5 swimm+1 ) ! exception ( its d>k col\r1 x v mu* resembles "s ( ! small] ,gulls4 ,its flight1 h[ev]1 is m v]satile ?an t ( any memb] ( ! family2 frequ5tly x skims along l a ,falcon1 at "o "t giv+ a few rapid /rokes ) its w+s1 !n sweep+ onw>ds to a consid]able di/ance1 some:at aft] ! mann] ( a ,kite2 sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 x seems to %iv]1 or rapidly %ake its w+s1 & precipitates itself d[nw>ds1 describ+ a sort ( ar*1 m\nts up aga91 & imm$iately adopts a c\rse made up ( an alt]nation ( l>g] & small] ar*es jo9$ b5ea? ea* o!r4 ,x n[ %oots ) great rapidity d[nw>ds1 !n sl[ly m\nts aga91 & rema9s = a mom5t quiet1 z x 7 exhau/$2 b ! next in/ant1 z ?\gh possess$ by an evil _s1 x turns1 & w9ds1 & /ruggles1 & flutt]s 9 an indescribable mann]4 ,! cry ( ^! birds some:at resembles t ( a ,peacock4 ,9 _! disposition !y v closely resemble ! ,common ,skua2 !y are bold1 importunate1 & valor\s1 b covet\s1 glutton\s1 & ?ievi%4 ,9 "o respect1 h[ev]1 !y diff] f ! ,skua 9 a /rik+ mann]--!y are rem>kably social1 & are at all times to be met ) 9 little companies4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season !y assemble 9 /ill great] numb]s1 b arrang$ 9 pairs1 ea* ( :i* builds its ne/ a little remov$ f ! o!rs1 )9 a small t]ritory ( its own4 ,^! birds are z mu* fe>$ by ! small] ,gulls1 z ! ,great ,skuas are by ! l>g] ones1 & yet1 /range to say1 ,plov]s1 ,snipes1 & ,oy/]-cat*]s may be se5 build+ 9 _! imm$iate vic9ity )\t ! slighte/ indication ( mi/ru/4 ,^u sev]al occasions we h wat*$ ! ,p>asite ,gulls = weeks at a "t1 & by s do+ h asc]ta9$ t dur+ ! middle ( summ] !y are q z active 9 ! night-"t z dur+ ! day4 ,!y h (t5 appe>$ to u to be busi$ = h\rs toge!r cat*+ insects1 b we h nev] f\nd any?+ b ! rema9s ( fi%es 9 _! /oma*s4 ,! birds t !y pr9cipally foll[ = ! sake ( mak+ !m disgorge any prey t !y h swall[$ are ,gulls1 ,petrels1 ,t]ns1 & ,guillemots4 ,! booty1 h[ev]1 t !y obta9 9 ?is summ>y mann] c sc>cely =m ! /aple ( _! food4 ,!y may be se5 w&]+ along ! bea*1 pick+ up worms & remnants ca/ up by ! waves q z (t5 z !y are employ$ 9 pursu+ o!r birds4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,may ! ,p>asite ,gulls make _! appe>ance on dry l& = ! purpose ( re>+ _! prog5y4 ,! places select$ = ! ne/s are g5]ally l[-ly+ moors & high rocks2 accord+ to our own exp]i5ce1 !y always avoid ext5sive moors4 ,fifty or a hundr$ ( _! ne/s may be sometimes c\nt$ 9 ^! settlem5ts2 ea* pair1 h[ev]1 seems to claim ! vic9ity ( _! ne/ z _! own gr\nd1 f :i* !y drive away intrud]s ev5 ( _! own species4 ,! ne/s are situat$ ^u ! top ( small hillocks ( e>?1 & consi/ ( simple b c>efully =m$ excavations4 ,_! eggs1 :i* are seldom laid be=e ! middle ( ,june1 are smoo? & some:at poli%$2 _! col\r is a d+y olive1 or br[ni% gre51 speckl$1 /reak$1 & dott$ ) d>k grey1 d>k olive1 or r$di% br[n4 ,naumann is ( op9ion t ! ,p>asite ,gulls only lay two eggs2 we1 h[ev]1 h repeat$ly f\nd ?ree 9 ! same ne/4 ,! two sexes brood by turns1 & t5d]ly wat* ov] _! "y4 ,%\ld a man approa* ! ne/1 !y at once ha/5 to meet ! intrud]2 !y fly r\nd 9 circles1 ?r[ !mselves on ! gr\nd be=e him to di/ract 8 notice1 always1 ( c\rse1 manag+ to get out ( ! way %\ld he try to cat* !m4 ,!y %[ !mselves on ^! occasions q exp]ts 9 dissimulation1 hop & flutt] on ! grass z if !y 7 w\nd$--9 %ort1 d ev]y?+ 9 _! p[] to tempt _! enemy f ! locality4 ,! e>ly life ( ! "y birds diff]s 9 no important p>ticul> f t ( _! cong5]s already describ$4 ,,ross',s ,,rosy ,,gull4 ,ross's ,,rosy ,,gull 7,rhodo/e?ia rosea or ,rossii71 ! mo/ beautiful ,gull ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 is a resid5t 9 ,am]ica1 :]e x inhabits ! f> nor?4 ,^u "s occasions1 h[ev]1 x has be5 kn[n to visit ,europe1 & consequ5tly des]ves notice1 al?\gh we are ignorant ( any important p>ticul>s 9 :i* x diff]s f o!rs ( its race4 ,?is species is di/+ui%able by its w$ge-%ap$ tail1 ! two middle fea!rs ( :i* project ne>ly an in* beyond ! re/2 f ?is circum/ance x is reg>d$ z ! repres5tative ( a di/9ct section ( ! family4 ,its beak is feeble1 & ! angul> enl>gem5t ( ! front ( ! "u jaw1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,gulls1 sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,! t>sus is mod]ately /rong1 & ! f\r-to$ foot ( a m$ium l5g?4 ,! coloration ( ! fea!rs is m delicate & beautiful ?an t ( any o!r ( ! race2 ! mantle is pe>ly or silv]y grey2 ! "u neck1 brea/1 & belly are pale rose-r$2 ! middle ( ! neck is adorn$ ) a n>r[ black b&1 some:at resembl+ a necklace ( jet4 ,! ext]ior web ( ! fir/ quill is black1 t ( all ! o!rs :ite4 ,! eyelids & ?roat are r$di% yell[1 ! beak black1 ! foot sc>let4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is f\rte5 in*es2 ! l5g? ( ! w+ t5 in*es & a half2 & ( ! tail five in*es & a half4 ,! ,rosy ,gull is includ$ among ,briti% birds1 a specim5 hav+ be5 kill$ ^u a pl\gh$ field 9 ,york%ire 9 #ahdg4 ,y>rell tells u t its flight resembles t ( its cong5]s1 & t x did n appe> at all %y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,petrels1 or ,,/orm-,,birds 7,procell>id71 are di/+ui%able among all o!r sea-birds1 &1 inde$1 among all birds :atev]1 by ! circum/ance t _! no/rils are repres5t$ by horny tubes1 situat$ ^u ! upp] beak4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,albatrosses 7,diom$e71 al?\gh by no means ! noble/ among ?is ext5sive gr\p1 seem to claim ! prec$5ce on acc\nt ( _! prodigi\s size & impos+ aspect4 ,^! birds are recognisable by _! great /ature1 p[]ful build1 %ort ?ick neck1 l>ge head1 & long beak1 ! latt] be+ /rong1 compress$ at ! sides1 & t]m9at+ 9 a =midably hook$ tip4 ,= "s di/ance f its comm5cem5t ! culm5 is slightly b[$ inw>ds1 & ! cutt+ edges are exce$+ly %>p4 ,! no/rils t]m9ate 9 %ort horny tubes1 t lie side by side ^u ! upp] aspect ( ! beak1 & f ^! deep *annels are prolong$ q to its extremity4 ,! t>sus is %ort1 b /rong1 ! foot ?ree-to$1 & v broadly-webb$4 ,! w+s are v long1 b rem>kably n>r[1 ! prim>y quills long & /rong1 ! fir/ quill be+ ! longe/2 ! second>y quills1 on ! contr>y1 are rem>kably %ort1 sc>cely project+ beyond ! w+-cov]s4 ,! tail1 :i* consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 is %ort1 ei!r /raight1 or slightly r\nd$ or po9t$ at its extremity4 ,! g5]al plumage is uncommonly ri*1 ?ick1 & d[ny1 b n /rik+ 9 its coloration1 :i* seems to v>y 9 ! two sexes & at diff]5t ages1 z well z accord+ to ! seasons ( ! ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rosy ,,gull 7,rhodo/e?ia rosea74 ,! ,albatrosses claim ! va/ ocean ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e z _! habitat2 bo? ! ,d4 exulans & ! ,d4 *lororhyn*us1 x is true1 h be5 occasionally se5 ev5 (f ! coa/s ( ,europe1 b su* a circum/ance c only be reg>d$ z an accid5tal occurr5ce4 ,!y seldom or nev] pass beyond ! tropic ( ,capricorn1 at lea/ 9 ! ,atlantic1 & ev5 !n only z occasional w&]]s4 ,!y appe> m frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 9 ! nor!rn regions ( ! ,pacific ,ocean2 !y are also said to make regul> visits to ,behr+'s ,/raits & ! ,sea ( ,o*otsk1 & n only casually to %[ !mselves ^u ^? unfrequ5t$ %ores1 b to reside 9 _! vic9ity dur+ sev]al mon?s1 only retir+ beyond ! equator z ! season = bre$+ approa*es4 ,9 l mann] !y are frequ5tly met ) 9 high ant>ctic latitudes1 i4e41 z we are in=m$ by sailors & fi%]m51 up to #ej or #fj s\? latitude2 b :e!r ^! visits are regul> migrations1 or m]ely casual excursions1 we are n z yet in=m$4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t !y visit all seas ly+ betwe5 #bc nor?1 & #ff s\? latitude2 t :5 !y come into m nor!rn climes1 z into ,kams*atka & ,o*otsk1 !y are hungry1 lank1 & half-/>v$1 b t 9 a few weeks1 ow+ to ! abundance ( food !y !re meet )1 !y return to _! bre$+-places plump & 9 good condition4 ,x is said by "s obs]v]s t 9 ! lit]al mean+ ( ! words _! flight ext5ds q ar\nd ! globe1 be+ g5]ally1 h[ev]1 m or less re/rict$ )9 ! limits ( a c]ta9 zone1 f :i* !y nev] w&] f> dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( ! ye>1 & )9 :i* !y likewise bre$4 ,,! ,,w&]+ ,,albatross4 ,! ,,w&]+ ,,albatross 7,diom$ea exulans71 call$ by "s ! ,cape ,%eep1 is1 ) ! exception ( its black w+s1 entirely pure :ite4 ,9 "y birds ! plumage is b&$ & m>k$ ) v>i\s %ades ( br[n4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 ! nak$ eyelid pale gre52 ! bill is r$di% :ite1 ) yell[ tip2 & ! foot yell[i% :ite4 ,accord+ to measurem5ts made by ,b5nett1 ?is species is ?ree feet t5 in*es long1 & ! spread ( ! w+s elev5 feet eight in*es2 ?is latt] measurem5t is1 h[ev]1 subject to v>iation1 "s be+ n m t t5 feet1 & o!rs z mu* z f\rte5 feet across ! w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,w&]+ ,,albatross 7,diom$ea exulans74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! habitat ( ! ,w&]+ ,albatross is conf9$ )9 no p>ticul> limits1 x is1 h[ev]1 mo/ abundant betwe5 #cj & #fj s\? latitude1 & is equally num]\s 9 all p>ts ( ! ,s\!rn ,ocean4 ,! wide ocean is its natural range1 & ?is x nev] leaves except = ! purpose ( bre$+1 :5 x usually resorts to inaccessible rocky isl&s4 ,! p[]s ( flight ( ! ,w&]+ ,albatross1 says ,g\ld1 are mu* great] ?an ^? ( any o!r bird t has come "u my obs]vation4 ,al?\gh dur+ calm or mod]ate wea!r x sometimes re/s on ! surface ( ! wat]1 x is almo/ con/antly on ! w+1 & is equally at ease :ile pass+ ov] ! glassy surface dur+ ! /ille/ calm1 or fly+ ) meteor-l swiftness be=e ! mo/ furi\s gale4 ,al?\gh a vessel runn+ be=e ! w9d frequ5tly sails m ?an #bjj miles 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & t = days toge!r1 /ill ! ,albatross has n ! slighte/ difficulty 9 keep+ up ) ! %ip1 b also p]=ms circles ( _m miles 9 ext5t1 return+ f ^! excursions to ! wake ( ! vessel 9 ord] to obta9 any sub/ances ?r[n ov]bo>d4 ,x is pleas+1 writes ,b5nett1 to obs]ve ?is sup]b bird sail+ 9 ! air 9 graceful & elegant movem5ts1 seem+ly excit$ by "s invisible p[]1 = !re is r>ely any movem5t ( ! w+s se5 aft] ! fir/ & frequ5t impulses giv5 :5 ! creature elevates itself 9 ! air2 ris+ & fall+ )\t any muscul> ex]tion ( its own1 & !n desc5d+1 sweeps ! air close to ! /]n ( ! %ip ) an indep5d5ce ( mann] z if he 7 mon>* ( all he survey$4 ,x is f ! v little muscul> ex]tion us$ by ^! birds t !y are capable ( su/a9+ su* long flights )\t repose4 ,:5 seiz+ an object float+ on ! wat]1 !y gradually desc5d ) exp&$ or uprais$ w+s1 or sometimes alight & float l a ,duck on ! wat] :ile dev\r+ _! food2 !n elevat+ !mselves1 !y skim ! ocean ) exp&$ w+s1 giv+ frequ5t impulses1 z ! great l5g? ( _! w+s prev5ts _! ris+ ) facility f a level surface1 z !y run along = "s di/ance until !y aga9 so> 9 mid-air1 & recomm5ce _! erratic flights4 ,l o!r species ( ! g5us1 ?is ,albatross is nocturnal z well z diurnal 9 its habits2 no bird takes s little repose2 inde$1 x appe>s to be con/antly on ! w+1 scann+ ! surface ( ! ocean = ! molluscs1 m$us1 & o!r m>9e animals t con/itute its food4 ,! ,w&]+ ,albatross bre$s 9 ! rocky isl&s ( ! ,s\!rn ,ocean dur+ ! mon?s ( ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,! grass-cov]$ declivities ( ! hills1 above ?ickets ( wood1 are ! spots usually select$ = its ne/1 :i* consi/s ( a m\nd ( e>? int]m+l$ ) grass & leaves4 ,! ne/ is ab\t eighte5 in*es high & six feet 9 circumf]5ce at its base1 :il/ ! op5+ at ! top is ab\t tw5ty-sev5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! eggs are :ite1 & f f\rte5 & a half to n9ete5 ounces 9 weight4 ,! ,albatross1 says ,dr4 ,mc,cormick1 frequ5tly sleeps ) its head "u its w+ dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation1 its beautiful :ite head & neck above ! grass betray+ its situation f a consid]able di/ance4 ,if approa*$1 x resolutely def5ds its egg1 & if =c$ (f ! ne/1 sl[ly moves away to a %ort di/ance1 b does n take w+4 ,a fi]ce species ( ,le/ris wat*es ke5ly = any opportunity ( seiz+ ! eggs1 & s well aw>e is ! ,albatross ( its ho/ile int5tions1 t he snaps 8 beak viol5tly :5ev] he obs]ves ! ,le/ris ov]head4 ,! female usually lays b "o egg2 ! "y bird is entirely :ite1 & cov]$ ) a beautiful woolly d[n4 ,,! ,,yell[-,,bill$ ,,albatross4 ,! ,,yell[-,,bill$ ,,albatross 7,diom$ea *lororhyn*us7 is small] ?an ! above species4 ,9 ! adult birds ! plumage is pr9cipally :ite ) br[ni% black rump & w+s ( ! same col\r2 ! tail-fea!rs are br[ni% grey %aft$ ) :ite2 ! bill is black ) orange-r$ culm54 ,?is species is abundant (f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & also 9 ! seas betwe5 ! ,african %ores & ,tasmania4 ,g\ld obs]v$ x (f ,capes ,h[e & ,nor?umb]l& on ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,au/ralia1 & ,gilb]t tells u t he saw x fly+ on ! we/]n coa/ ab\t ,rottne/ ,isl&1 9 %ort1 its pres5ce may be expect$ ?r\gh\t ! temp]ate zones ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,,! ,,sooty ,,or ,,black ,,albatross4 ,! ,,sooty or ,,black ,,albatross 7,diom$ea or ,phbetria fulig9osa7 is pr9cipally ( a d>k sooty grey2 ! head & w+s are br[n4 ,9 ?is species ! tail is w$ge-%ap$4 ,! ,sooty or ,black ,albatross1 "o ( ! commone/ species1 is univ]sally spread ov] all temp]ate latitudes s\? ( ! equator4 ,accord+ to ,la?am1 ^! birds bre$ on ! ,isl& ( ,tri/an d',acunha1 & are greg>i\s1 _m ( !m build+ _! ne/s close to ea* o!r2 9 ! area ( half an acre 7 reckon$ upw>ds ( a hundr$4 ,! ne/ is ( mud1 rais$ five or six in*es1 & slightly depress$ at ! top2 :5 ! "y are m ?an half-gr[n !y are cov]$ ) a :iti% d[n2 !y /& on _! respective hillocks l /atues1 until approa*$ close1 :5 !y make a /range clatt]+ ) _! beaks1 & if t\*$ squirt a deluge ( fetid oily fluid f ! no/rils4 ,! ,black ,albatross is common1 says ,lay>d1 along ! s\? coa/ ( ,africa1 at a little di/ance f ! l&4 ,x is fond ( hov]+ ov] a %ip's deck1 & ,i h obta9$ specim5s by s5d+ a small rifle bullet ?r\gh !m1 ?us kill+ !m in/antly2 if /ruck ) %ot1 _! fea!rs are s d5se t !y seldom receive a dea? w\nd1 b drift seaw>d & p]i% mis]ably4 ,i h nev] obs]v$ any ( ! o!r ,albatrosses hov] ov] ! deck z ?is bird con/antly does2 ,i h se5 x almo/ t\* a man on ! royal y>d4 ,on ^! occasions x seems actuat$ by curiosity1 & keeps turn+ its head f side to side1 scann+ ev]y?+ ) its brilliant d>k eye4 ,! eggs ( ?is species resemble ^? ( ,d4 exulans1 b are some:at small]1 be+ ab\t f\r in*es two l9es long by two in*es six l9es broad4 ,all ! birds belong+ to ?is family are oceanic1 nev]!less ea* species seems to conf9e its occupancy )9 c]ta9 zones or climates4 ,!y are less num]\sly met ) 9 ! torrid zone ?an 9 ! m temp]ate & cold] regions1 & are m abundant 9 ! s\!rn ?an 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season !y resort to ! coa/s1 b ! great] "p ( _! life is sp5t ^u ! op5 sea4 ,!y c sc>cely be said to walk1 b !y swim ) ease & buoyancy1 /ill !y seldom alight ^u ! wat]1 pass+ by f> ! great] "p ( _! lives ^u ! w+4 ,f ! deck ( a %ip !y may be se5 p]t9aci\sly accompany+ x = :ole days toge!r1 sweep+ con/antly along ) an unbrok5 equable pace1 m\nt+ g5tly ov] ! cre/s ( ! highe/ waves1 plung+ headlong into ! valleys betwe5 !m1 only /ay+ _! c\rse n[ & !n = a mom5t1 to enable !m to pick up any /ray morsel ?r[n f ! %ip1 or se5 float+ ^u ! wat]4 ,!y are less capable ( div+ ?an mo/ o!r sea-birds1 probably f ! difficulty !y mu/ enc\nt] 9 subm]g+ _! s(t ?ick plumage4 ,!y are ev5 m saucily obtrusive ?an ! ,albatrosses1 & w fe>lessly seize ^u any pr(f]$ bait1 ev5 :5 !y h se5 _! fell[ caught ) a hook & l9e4 ,_! food1 besides fi%es1 consi/s ( any animal sub/ances t may be f\nd float+ on ! waves4 ,_! voracity is almo/ insatiable2 ) ! prospect ( a fea/ be=e !m1 !y ?9k no?+ ( dang]1 & w ev5 all[ !mselves to be knock$ d[n ) /icks1 or caught ) ! h&4 ,! ,petrels bre$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sea1 g5]ally ^u solit>y & almo/ inaccessible rocks4 ,!y c h>dly be said to make a ne/1 b lay _! eggs on ! b>e gr\nd1 & imm$iately comm5ce ! "w ( incubation4 ,_! eggs are broad 9 proportion to _! l5g?1 co>se-%ell$1 & ( a pure :ite1 )\t any m>k+s4 ,! "y :5 hat*$ are cov]$ ) grey d[n2 !y gr[ v sl[ly1 b are c>efully t5d$ by _! p>5ts1 :o def5d !m by eject+ fetid oil f _! crops 9 ! face ( ! assailant4 ,aft] ! "y are able to fly1 ! families di/ribute !mselves ov] ! surface ( ! sea4 ,!y are sociable birds1 & may sometimes be se5 keep+ toge!r 9 consid]able flocks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,true ,,petrels 7,procell>i7 9 _! g5]al appe>ance pres5t a c]ta9 resemblance to ! ,sea ,gulls1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 !y are easily di/+ui%$ by _! r\nd] head1 high =ehead1 & small] w+s4 ,! ,petrels are p[]fully built1 %ort-neck$1 & l>ge-head$2 _! beak is %ort] ?an ! head1 /rong1 h>d1 & s deeply furr[$ ^u ! sides t its po9t seems a m]e app5dage fa/5$ to x1 =m+ at ! extremity ( ! upp] jaw a /rongly-b5t hook1 & ^u ! "u jaw a peculi>ly-=m$ angul> t]m9ation4 ,! cutt+ edges ( ! m&ibles ov]lap ea* o!r & are v %>p2 ! gape op5s backw>ds z f> z ! eye2 ! ap]tures ( ! no/rils are situat$ 9 a horny pipe consi/+ ( two tubes consolidat$ into "o 9 su* a mann] t ! longitud9al division betwe5 !m is p]ceptible2 ! foot is mod]ately /rong1 ! t>sus %ort & compress$ lat]ally1 ! ?ree front toes are connect$ toge!r by a well-develop$ swimm+ web1 b ! h9d] toe is only repres5t$ by a little rudim5t>y app5dage4 ,! w+s are v simil> to ^? ( ,sea ,gulls1 b are %ort] & m po9t$1 ! fir/ quill be+ inv>iably long] ?an ! re/4 ,! tail1 :i* consi/s ( twelve or f\rte5 fea!rs1 is m or less r\nd$ at ! extremity4 ,! g5]al plumage is ri*1 & ?ick] above ?an bel[1 inde$1 on ! "u "p x is v s(t & fur-l4 ,! two sexes are alike 9 col\r1 & ev5 ! "y diff] b slightly f ! old birds1 nei!r d _! col\rs alt] p]ceptibly ) ! seasons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,giant ,,petrel 7,procell>ia ,ossifragus gigantea74 ,,"o-,,six? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,giant ,,petrel4 ,! ,,giant ,,petrel 7,procell>ia ,ossifragus gigantea7 may be reg>d$ z hold+ a position int]m$iate betwe5 ! ,albatross & ! ,/orm ,petrels4 ,9 ?is bird ! plumage is deep *ocolate-br[n4 ,! eye is blacki% br[n2 beak horn-grey1 ) r$ tip4 ,! "y bird is m lightly col\r$1 & has a silv]y :ite eye4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is ab\t two feet eight in*es1 & ! spread ( ! w+s f f\r feet & a half to five feet4 ,! habitat ( ! ,giant ,petrel ext5ds ov] ! temp]ate & ant>ctic zones ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,capta9 ,hutton tells u t ?is bird bre$s 9 ! cliffs ( ,pr9ce ,edw>d's ,isl& & ,k]guel5's ,l&1 b ! ne/s c be got at occasionally4 ,! "y are at fir/ cov]$ ) a beautiful1 long1 light grey d[n2 :5 fl$g$ !y are d>k br[n1 mottl$ ) :ite4 ,:5 a p]son approa*es ! ne/1 ! old birds keep a %ort di/ance away1 :ile ! "y ones squirt a horribly-smell+ oil out ( _! m\?s to ! di/ance ( six or eight feet4 ,x is v voraci\s1 hov]+ ov] ! seal]s :5 engag$ cutt+ up a seal1 & dev\r+ ! c>case ! mom5t x is left1 :i* ! ,albatross nev] does4 ,x sometimes *ases ! small] species1 b :e!r or n x c cat* birds possess$ app>5tly ( p[]s ( flight sup]ior to its own is d\btful2 b suppos+ "o is kill$1 t x fe$s only ^u its he>t & liv]1 ,i c nev] believe1 yet x is said to d s 9 ! works ( _m orni?ologi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fulm> ,,petrel 7,procell>ia glacialis74 ,,! ,,fulm> ,,petrel4 ,! ,,fulm> ,,petrel 7,procell>ia glacialis7 is pr9cipally :ite1 light silv]y grey ^u ! "u side1 & bluei% grey ^u ! mantle4 ,! prim>y quills are black1 ! eye is br[n1 ! beak along ! culm5 pale horn-yell[1 at its base greyi% gre54 ,! foot is yell[1 ) a %ade ( blue4 ,9 "y birds ! plumage on ! "u side ( ! body is slightly bluei%4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is eighte5 or n9ete5 in*es1 its bread? =ty-"o to =ty-?ree in*es1 ! l5g? ( its w+s twelve to ?irte5 in*es1 l5g? ( tail f\r in*es & two-?irds4 ,! ,fulm> ,petrel lives 9 ! ,arctic ,ocean1 f :i* x r>ely /rays1 unless driv5 away by viol5t /orms4 ,9 m s\!rn seas x is repres5t$ by a k9dr$ species resembl+ x s closely t ! two 7 (t5 mi/ak5 = ea* o!r4 ,! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,kilda1 & ,grnso ne> ,icel&1 are look$ ^u z its mo/ s\!rn bre$+-places4 ,l all its k9dr$1 x is an inhabitant ( ! wide sea1 &1 except dur+ its bre$+ season1 only comes to dry l& :5 lo/ & bewild]$ by a fog1 or we>i$ out by ! long cont9uance ( a /orm4 ,9 ,nor? ,gre5l& x is said to be se5 (t5] ?an else:]e ^u ! coa/s1 & 9 ! bays & h>b\rs4 ,_! specific "n glacialis has n be5 v happily giv5 to ^! birds1 z !y seem to avoid r ?an seek l>ge accumulations ( ice2 inde$1 all pilots hold _! pres5ce to be a sure sign ( op5 wat]4 ,! flight ( ?is ,petrel v mu* resembles t ( ! ,ivory ,gull4 ,! sailor gazes ) admiration z he sees x ) outspread1 almo/ motionless w+s1 glide l a meteor ov] ! waves or battl+ ) ! /orm = days toge!r1 app>5tly )\t all[+ itself ! slighte/ repose4 ,x seems to h n ! slighte/ fe> ( man2 x approa*es %ips ) ! utmo/ confid5ce1 & is r importunate 9 its visits to ! :ale-fi%]s1 m especially %\ld !y be engag$ 9 cutt+ up a :ale4 ,! ,fulm>1 says ,capta9 ,scoresby1 is ! con/ant companion ( ! :ale-fi%]4 ,x jo9s 8 %ip imm$iately on pass+ ! ,%etl& ,isl&s1 & accompanies x ?r\gh ! trackless ocean to ! highe/ accessible latitudes4 ,x keeps an eag] wat* = e ?+ ?r[n ov]bo>d2 ! smalle/ p>ticle ( fatty sub/ance c sc>cely escape x4 ,?\gh few %\ld be se5 :5 a :ale is ab\t be+ captur$1 yet1 z soon z ! fl5s+ process comm5ces1 !y ru% 9 f all qu>t]s & frequ5tly accumulate to _m ?\s&s 9 numb]4 ,!y !n occupy ! greasy track ( ! %ips2 &1 be+ audaci\sly gre$y1 fe>lessly advance )9 a few y>ds ( ! m5 employ$ 9 cutt+ up ! :ale4 ,x is highly amus+ to see ! voracity ) :i* !y seize ! pieces ( fat t fall 9 _! way2 ! size & quantity ( ! pieces !y take at a meal2 ! curi\s *uckl+ noise1 :i* 9 _! anxiety = dispat*1 !y always make2 & ! jeal\sy ) :i* !y view1 ! boldness ) :i* !y attack1 any ( _! species t are engag$ 9 dev\r+ ! f9e/ morsels4 ,:5 c>rion is sc>ce1 ! ,fulm>s foll[ ! liv+ :ale1 & sometimes by _! peculi> motions :5 hov]+ at ! surface ( ! wat]1 po9t out to ! fi%] ! position ( ! animal ( :i* he is 9 pursuit4 ,!y _c1 h[ev]1 make mu* impression on ! dead :ale until "s m p[]ful animal te>s away ! sk91 = ?is is too t\gh = !m to make _! way ?r\gh4 ,9 high latitudes ! ,fulm>s build _! ne/s 9 e available isl&1 z f> s\? z ,/4 ,kilda4 ,^u ! ,we/mano]1 ne> ,icel&1 its ne/s are m num]\s ?an ^? ( any o!r birds t bre$ 9 t vic9ity2 "s e/imate ( ! num]\s flocks 9 :i* x visits ^? p>ts may be =m$ f ! numb]s kill$1 am\nt+ annually1 z ,fab] in=ms u1 to at lea/ #bj1jjj4 ,_! numb]s seem to be /eadily on ! increase1 9 spite ( ! p]secution to :i* !y are subject4 ,_! ne/s are v g5]ally plac$ beyond ! rea* ( ! bird-cat*]s1 not)/&+ t !y are let d[n by ropes :5 9 se>* ( !m1 & pursue !m ^u e l$ge & 9 e crevice to :i* !y c possibly f9d access4 ,! ,fulm> ,petrel beg9s to congregate ar\nd its bre$+-places 9 ,m>*1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 or sometimes t[>ds ! middle ( ,april2 ea* pair lays a s+le egg1 :i* is r\nd1 ( a pure :ite col\r1 ei!r ^u ! b>e surface ( ! rock1 or 9 "s slight depression made or discov]$ 9 ! scanty soil4 ,! ,fulm> ,petrel is only a r>e visitor to ,engl&1 b x frequ5ts 9 great numb]s ! isl&s ( ,/4 ,kilda & ,borr]a2 x is said also to bre$ 9 "s ( ! isl&s ( ! ,hebrides4 ,mr4 ,john ,macgillivray1 :o visit$ ,/4 ,kilda1 its pr9cipal bre$+-place1 9 ,june1 #ahdj1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3-- ,?is bird exi/s "h 9 almo/ incr$ible numb]s1 & to ! natives is by f> ! mo/ important ( ! productions ( ! isl&4 ,x =ms "o ( ! pr9cipal means ( support to ! inhabitants1 :o daily risk _! lives 9 its pursuit4 ,! ,fulm> bre$s on ! face ( ! highe/ precipices1 & only on su* z are furni%$ ) small grassy %elves1 e spot on :i*1 above a few in*es 9 ext5t1 is occupi$ ) "o or m ( its ne/s4 ,! ne/ is =m$ ( h]bage1 seldom bulky1 g5]ally a m]e excavation 9 ! turf1 l9$ ) dri$ grass1 & ! )]$ tufts or ! sea-p9k1 9 :i* ! bird deposits a s+le egg ( a pure :ite col\r1 :5 clean1 :i* is seldom ! case1 & v>y+ 9 size f two in*es sev5 l9es to ?ree in*es "o l9e 9 l5g?1 by two in*es 9 bread?4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,june1 hav+ p>tially desc5d$ a ne>ly p]p5dicul> precipice1 six hundr$ feet 9 height1 ! :ole face ( :i* 0 cov]$ ) ! ne/s ( ! ,fulm>1 ,i enjoy$ an opportunity ( wat*+ ! habits ( ?is bird1 & describ+ !m f p]sonal obs]vation4 ,! ne/s _h all be5 robb$ ab\t a mon? be=e by ! natives1 :o e/eem ! eggs ( ?is species above all o!rs4 ,_m ( ! ne/s conta9$ ea* a "y bird1 a day or two old at f>!/1 ?ickly cov]$ ) long :ite d[n4 ,! birds 7 v clamor\s on be+ h&l$1 & vomit$ a quantity ( cle> oil1 ) :i* ,i sometimes obs]v$ ! p>5t birds fe$+ !m by disgorg+ x4 ,! old birds on be+ seiz$ in/antly vomit a quantity ( cle> amb]-col\r$ oil1 :i* imp>ts to ! :ole bird1 its ne/1 & "y1 & ev5 to ! rock x frequ5ts1 a peculi> & v disagreeable od\r4 ,fulm> oil is ! mo/ valuable production ( ,/4 ,kilda4 ,! be/ is obta9$ f ! old bird1 by surpris+ x at night ^u ! rock1 & tightly clos+ ! bill until ! f[l] has secur$ ! bird betwe5 8 knees1 head d[nw>ds4 ,by op5+ ! bill ! ,fulm> is all[$ to disgorge ab\t a tablespoonful ( oil1 or r m1 into ! dri$ gullet & /oma* ( a ,sol> ,goose1 us$ z a res]voir = t purpose4 ,^! receptacles :5 fill$ are secur$ ) a /r+ & hung on cords across ! int]ior ( ! huts until requir$ = use4 ,besides supply+ _! lamps1 ?is oil is us$ by ! inhabitants ( ! isl& z a m$ic9e4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,augu/ ! natives desc5d ! rocks = "y ,fulm>s1 :i* are !n ne>ly fl$g$1 &1 by boil+ 9 wat]1 are made to furni% a l>ge quantity ( fat1 :i* is skimm$ (f & pres]v$ 9 a solid =m4 ,! old ,fulm> is mu* e/eem$ by ! ,/4 ,kildians1 on acc\nt ( its subcutane\s cov]+ ( fat1 ( :i* !y are immod]ately fond4 ,,! ,,cape ,,petrel4 ,! ,,cape ,,petrel 7,procell>ia or ,daption ,cap5sis7 is ano!r species well kn[n to m>9]s1 z x has be5 rec5tly kill$ 9 ,europe4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is f\rte5 & its bread? ?irty-two in*es4 ,its plumage may be describ$ z :ite1 v>iegat$ ) black ^u ! mantle 9 su* a mann] t )\t mu* /ret* ( fancy x might be comp>$ to ! black & :ite squ>es ( a *essbo>d2 ! great] "p ( ! upp] surface is soot-black1 or black speckl$ ) :ite2 ! "u surface is :ite2 ! quills & tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) black at _! extremities4 ,! geographical di/ribution ( ^! birds is rem>kable4 ,9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean !y are only to be met ) beyond ! tropic ( ,capricorn1 & x is a v r>e occurr5ce to see "o ( !m )9 ! limits ( ! torrid zone1 or 9 any "p ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 on ! contr>y1 !y are v common1 m especially ^u ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 z f> nor? z ! equator4 ,if captur$ 9 f9e wea!r1 :5 ! sea is smoo?1 & !y are able to obta9 _! usual food1 _! /oma* is f\nd to conta9 little except ! rema9s ( ! m>9e animals ^u :i* !y fe$1 small cru/aceans1 molluscs1 & fi%es2 b dur+ /ormy wea!r1 :5 !y are unable to obta9 _! ord9>y n\ri%m5t1 !y become s voraci\s t !y w swall[ almo/ any?+4 ,9 ! /oma*s ( individuals captur$ by ,ts*udi dur+ a cont9uance ( bad wea!r1 he f\nd a mo/ miscellane\s collection bo? ( eatable & uneatable sub/ances--beans1 peas1 & l5tils1 mutton bones1 oakum1 lea!r1 slices ( cabbage1 leaves & %ip-biscuits1 pieces ( wood1 &1 9 %ort1 ev]y?+ t _h accid5tally fall5 f ! %ip1 or be5 int5tionally ?r[n ov]bo>d4 ,9 f9e wea!r ! ,cape ,petrels appe> to be %y & di/ru/ful2 b dur+ a /orm1 driv5 app>5tly by hung]1 !y become positively reckless1 & are v easily captur$4 ,! way 9 :i*1 "u ^! circum/ances1 !y are caught by sailors is simple en\gh2 a b5t p9 is ti$ to ! end ( a /rong /r+1 to s]ve z a hook & l9e1 a piece ( bread or bacon is us$ = bait1 & no soon] is ?is ?r[n ov]bo>d ?an x is seiz$ ^u by a bird1 :i*1 by a well-tim$ j]k ( ! /r+1 becomes hook$ ?r\gh ! upp] jaw1 & is at once pull$ on bo>d4 ,9 v /ormy wea!r x naturally happ5s t s light a bait nev] rea*es ! wat]1 b is susp5d$ flutt]+ 9 ! w9d2 yet ev5 "u ^! circum/ances !y w fly at x ) ! utmo/ avidity1 & if n caught by ! hook1 g5]ally become s entangl$ by ! /r+ t !y are unable to escape4 ,:5 drawn into ! %ip !y def5d !mselves valiantly ) _! beak1 & moreov] h an ugly trick ( squirt+ f _! m\? "r into ! face ( _! enemy a loa?some1 /9k+1 oily fluid1 :i* c]ta9ly to "s ext5t av5ges !m = ! treatm5t !y exp]i5ce4 ,:5 kill$1 !y are sk9n$ by ! sailors1 & _! sk9s made into wea!rcocks1 ! only use to :i* !y seem to be applicable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cape ,,petrel 7,procell>ia or ,daption ,cap5sis74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,?is ,m>t9 among ! ,petrels1 says ,g\ld1 swims lightly2 b x r>ely ex]cises natatorial p[] except to procure food1 9 pursuit ( :i* x occasionally dives = a mom5t or two4 ,no?+ c be m graceful ?an its motions :5 on ! w+1 ) ! neck %ort5$ & ! legs entirely hidd5 among ! fea!rs ( ! "u tail-cov]s4 ,l ! o!r ,petrels x ejects :5 irritat$ an oily fluid f ! m\?4 ,its feeble note ( ',cac1 cac1 cac1 cac1' is frequ5tly utt]$2 ! ?ird1 accord+ to ,capta9 ,hutton1 be+ pron\nc$ ! quicke/4 ,we le>n f ,ts*udi & ,g\ld t ?is species bre$s on rocky isl&s at no great di/ance f ! %ore2 b ) ?is exception we are )\t reliable p>ticul>s respect+ its nidification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/orm ,,petrels4 ,,! ,,broad-,,bill$ ,,prion1 ,,or ,,duck ,,petrel4 ,! ,,broad-,,bill$ ,,prion1 or ,,duck ,,petrel 7,prion vittatus71 toge!r ) ano!r species1 :i* l itself is peculi> to ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 con/itute a little family ap>t1 to :i* ! "n ( ,duck ,petrels w\ld n be inapplicable4 ,! mo/ di/9ctive "* met ) 9 ?is bird is t ! m>g9 ( ! upp] jaw is furni%$ ) small1 ?91 too?-l processes1 arrang$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 "s species ( ,ducks1 & answ]+ a simil> purpose4 ,! w+s are long & /rong1 ! fir/ quill be+ some:at %ort] ?an ! second4 ,! tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 is broad & bluntly r\nd$1 ! two c5tral fea!rs be+ p]ceptibly long] ?an ! re/4 ,! col\r ( ! plumage is light greyi% blue ^u ! back1 & pe>l-:ite on ! "u surface2 ! back & %\ld]-fea!rs are d>k] ?an ! re/ ( ! body4 ,! bord] ( ! w+ & ! po9ts ( ! tail-fea!rs are black4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak d>k grey1 & ! foot d>k greyi% blue4 ,! l5g? is t5 in*es & a qu>t]1 bread? tw5ty-two in*es1 l5g? ( w+ six in*es & "o-?ird1 l5g? ( tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,^! birds are met ) ^u ! coa/ ( ,brazil2 _! range ext5ds f ! tropic ( ,capricorn to ! equator2 ! region t !y frequ5t ab\nd+ 9 rugg$ rocks & small isl&s1 ^u :i* !y probably f9d _! bre$+-places4 ,!y seem to be mu* m num]\s 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean ?an 9 ! ,atlantic4 ,accord+ to ,ts*udi's obs]vations !y are seldom se5 swimm+ on ! ocean1 _! flight be+ ( a m su/a9$ "* ?an t ( ! ,petrels g5]ally4 ,accord+ to ,g\ld1 ?is species closely resembles ! ,p4 ,banksii 9 its p[]s ( flight & mode ( life4 ,( ?is latt] he says3 ,sometimes x appe>$ 9 c\ntless multitudes1 b m (t5 ?9ly disp]s$ ov] ! surface ( ! ocean4 ,dur+ calms x flits ov] ! glassy wat]s ) a noiseless b easy flight1 (t5 p]=m+ small circles & flutt]+ butt]fly-l ov] any oily sub/ance ?r[n ov]bo>d1 :i* x sips (f ! surface )\t settl+2 occasionally1 h[ev]1 x re/s its buoyant & fairy little body on ! wat]s1 :]e x reposes at p]fect ease1 until hung] aga9 impels x to take w+ 9 se>* ( food4 ,a m vigor\s & active action ( ! w+ be+ necess>y to su/a9 x dur+ ! rag+ ( ! gale1 x !n moves ) zigzag turns ( great swiftness1 asc5d+ ! bill[s1 topp+ _! surgy summits1 & desc5d+ into ! gulf betwe51 :]e a mom5t>y %elt] enables x to ga9 fre% vig\r & seize f ! slant+ surface any molluscs t may pres5t !mselves1 & :i* f ! di/urb$ /ate ( ! sea are app>5tly !n m abundant ?an at o!r times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,/orm ,,petrels 7,oceanides7 con/itute a well-def9$ gr\p1 di/+ui%able by ! smallness ( _! dim5sions1 _! sl5d] body1 %ort neck1 & mod]ately l>ge head1 z also by ! long ,swall[-l =mation ( _! w+s1 9 :i* ! second & ?ird quills are long] ?an ! re/2 _! tail is ( mod]ate l5g?1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 & ei!r ne>ly /raight or =k$ at its extremity2 ! beak is small1 weak1 & /raight1 except at ! extremity1 :]e bo? m&ibles curve d[nw>ds1 ! end ( ! upp] "o be+ decid$ly hook$2 ! t>sus is long1 sl5d]1 & feeble1 & ! foot furni%$ ) ?ree /rong toes1 :i* are unit$ by a broad & v complete web1 :ile ! h9d toe is no?+ m ?an a w>t-l rudim5t4 ,! plumage is ?ick & fur-l1 & ! col\r g5]ally a dusky blacki% br[n1 m or less enliv5$ ) :ite4 ,! ,/orm ,petrels are met ) 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 ) ! exception ( v high s\!rn or nor!rn latitudes4 ,:]e "o species becomes sc>ce1 ano!r supplies its place1 & occasionally two or m species w be f\nd inhabit+ ! same regions ( ! ocean4 ,?us f\r or five at lea/ occupy ! vic9ity ( ! coa/s ( ,europe1 & at lea/ d\ble t numb] are to be met ) ne> ! %ores ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 :il/ 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean !y seem to be p>ticul>ly num]\s4 ,9 _! usual habitat1 t is1 9 ! wide sea1 ! ,/orm ,petrels live 9 a con/ant /ate ( activity1 & may be se5 fly+ ab\t dur+ ! entire day1 & he>d ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,occasionally !y may be se5 disport+ !mselves s+ly1 b m g5]ally !y make _! appe>ance 9 small or m num]\s companies1 dur+ f9e z well z 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,all day long !y are occupi$ 9 fly+ ov] ! waves1 ! ris+s & fall+s ( :i* !y exactly foll[1 or 9 m\nt+ high 9 ! air l ,swall[s1 :5ce !y desc5d aga91 z ?\gh ab\t to plunge into ! wat]1 b rise aga9 )\t t\*+ x4 ,sometimes aga9 !y settle d[n ^u ! wat]1 & rema9 motionless1 z if unable to move f ! same spot1 ?\gh all ar\nd !m is 9 con/ant agitation & turmoil4 ,:5 fly+ !y make b few /rokes ) _! w+s1 b ^! are obvi\sly v effective1 & _! action mu* div]sifi$4 ,sometimes !y may be se5 ) _! w+s widely exp&$1 & 9 ?is mann] !y sail along = m9utes toge!r1 )\t ! slighte/ ef=t1 !n1 sudd5ly be/irr+ !mselves1 a few quick p[]ful /rokes giv5 aft] ! mann] ( a ,swift1 raise !m above ! waves1 :]e !y a/oni% ! obs]v] by ! ma/]ly precision ( _! evolutions1 z !y %oot d[n obliquely ov] ! bill[s1 or m\nt up aga9 high into ! air4 ,%\ld !y espy any?+ 9 ! %ape ( food1 !y at once ha/5 t[>ds x1 runn+ ^u ! wat]1 &1 hav+ seiz$ x ) _! beak1 imm$iately resume _! a]ial pa/ime4 ,z to _! p[]s ( swimm+1 !y seem s seldom to adopt t mode ( locomotion1 t _m c>eful obs]v]s decl>e t !y nev] swim at all1 b t !y only sit d[n1 z x 71 & float on ! sea1 )\t ev] us+ _! legs z in/rum5ts ( propulsion4 ,_! /r5g? ( w+ is wond]ful2 !y lit]ally fly ab\t all day long )\t re/+ at all4 ,x is only aft] ! long cont9uance ( a /orm t !y seem to be we>i$1 & yet ev5 ?is fatigue is n produc$ by _! ex]tions 9 battl+ ) ! w9d1 b because1 dur+ ! viol5ce ( ! tempe/1 !y are unable to obta9 _! usual supply ( food1 & consequ5tly are exhau/$ = want ( n\ri%m5t4 ,_! voice is seldom he>d 9 ! daytime1 :i* 9 tru? appe>s to be to !m ! season ( repose2 x is 9 ! ev5+1 %ortly aft] ! sun has gone d[n1 t !y seem mo/ active & al]t2 at t "t1 %\ld ! w9d p]mit1 _! call-note may be frequ5tly he>d4 ,9 disposition !y are p>ticul>ly h>mless1 liv+ 9 p]fect good-fell[%ip ) ea* o!r1 & appe>+ to c>e little ab\t o!r birds4 ,_! food consi/s ( all sorts ( s(t-bodi$ animals1 pick$ up f ! surface ( ! ocean2 b we are unable to say m ^u ?is subject4 ,! /oma*s ( su* z h be5 exam9$ inv>iably conta9$ no?+ b a fluid resembl+ tra9-oil1 b nev] ! slighte/ trace ( animal rema9s4 ,,! ,,common ,,/orm ,,petrel4 ,! ,,common ,,/orm ,,petrel 7,?alassidroma pelagica7 has ! end ( ! tail v slightly r\nd$4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ?is species is a sooty br[n2 ! upp] "p ( ! head is ( a glossy black1 becom+ br[n] t[>ds ! =ehead1 & ! mantle blacki% br[n4 ,! w+-cov]s h :ite po9ts1 & ! rump is likewise :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak black1 & foot r$di% br[n4 ,?is species is five in*es & a qu>t] long1 & twelve in*es & a half broad2 ! l5g? ( ! w+ is f\r in*es & a half1 & tail two in*es4 ,! ,/orm ,petrel1 ?\gh n g5]ally di/ribut$ ov] ! coa/ ( ,great ,brita91 is indig5\s1 bre$+ 9 ,%etl&1 ! ,orkneys1 & ! islets on ! ,iri% coa/4 ,dur+ sev]e gales individuals h be5 %ot z f> inl& z ,b]ks1 ,w>wick%ire1 & ,d]by%ire4 ,mr4 ,hewitson gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! bre$+ ( ! ,petrels 9 ,%etl&3--,on ! #ca/ ,may ^! birds _h n arriv$ on ! bre$+-gr\nd2 to use ! ! phrase ( ! fi%]m51 ',_h n yet come up f ! sea4' ,"s eggs 7 deposit$ z late z ! #cj? ,june4 ,9 ,f\la !y bre$ 9 ! holes 9 ! cliff at a great height above ! sea2 b "h 79 ,oxna7 "u /ones :i* =m ! bea*1 at a dep? ( ?ree or f\r feet or m1 accord+ to t ( ! /ones1 z !y g d[n to ! e>? b5ea? !m1 on :i* to lay _! eggs4 ,9 walk+ ov] ! surface ,i c\ld he> !m v di/9ctly s++ 9 a sort ( a w>bl+ *itt]1 a good deal l ,swall[s1 :5 flutt]+ above our *imneys1 b h>%]2 & 9 ?is way1 by li/5+ att5tively1 0 guid$ to _! retreat2 &1 aft] ?r[+ out /ones z l>ge z ,i c\ld lift on all sides ( me1 seldom fail$ 9 captur+ two or ?ree seat$ on _! ne/s1 ei!r "u ! l[e/ /one1 or betwe5 two ( !m4 ,! ne/s1 ?\gh ( mu* ! same mat]ials z ! gr\nd on :i* !y 7 plac$1 seem$ to h be5 made ) ease4 ,!y 7 ( small bits ( /alks ( plants & pieces ( h>d dry e>?4 ,l ! re/ ( ! g5us1 ! ,/orm ,petrel lays inv>iably "o egg only4 ,dur+ ! daytime !y rema9 )9 _! holes1 & ?\gh ! fi%]m5 are con/antly pass+ ov] _! heads1 ! bea* "u :i* !y bre$ be+ appropriat$ = ! dry+ ( fi%1 !y are !n seldom he>d1 b t[>ds night become extremely qu]ul\s1 & :5 mo/ o!r birds are gone to re/ issue =? 9 great numb]s1 spread+ !mselves f> ov] ! surface ( ! sea4 ,! fi%]m5 !n meet !m num]\sly1 &1 ?\gh !y h n previ\sly se5 "o1 ^u ?r[+ pieces ( fi% ov]bo>d are sure to be surr\nd$ by !m2 ! %>pness ( _! vision enabl+ !m to see food f af>1 :i*1 f ! activity ( _! movem5ts1 !y are n long 9 appropriat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,/orm ,,petrel 7,?alassidroma pelagica74 ,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size4 ,,lea*',s ,,/orm ,,petrel4 ,,lea*',s ,,/orm ,,petrel 7,oceanodromus ,lea*ii7 diff]s f ! previ\s species 9 hav+ its tail deeply =k$2 x is1 moreov]1 ( mu* l>g] size1 its l5g? be+ eight in*es1 & bread? n9ete5 in*es2 ! w+ measures six in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & tail ?ree in*es & a half4 ,! plumage is ( a blacki% br[n on ! head2 ! rump is :ite2 & ! ends ( ! w+-cov]s fawn-col\r4 ,?is species also occupies ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & precisely resembles ! ,common ,petrel 9 its habits1 mann]s1 nidification1 & food4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,puff9s 7,puff9i7 are recognisable by _! sl5d] bodies1 proportionately %ort w+s1 & m or less r\nd$ tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,! beak is %ort1 or ( mod]ate l5g?1 & ! no/rils divid$4 ,! legs are l>ge1 broad-foot$1 & plac$ v f> backw>ds4 ,! plumage is smoo? & oily4 ,! ,puff9s are em95tly aquatic birds1 only visit+ ! l& = ! purpose ( hat*+ & re>+ _! "y2 nev]!less !y (t5 approa* ! %ore or visit h>b\rs on ! coa/4 ,!y are g5]ally met ) 9 little flocks consi/+ ( f eight to tw5ty individuals1 & employ$ 9 fi%+ = food4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season1 h[ev]1 !y assemble 9 su* va/ numb]s z almo/ to cov] ! rocks on :i* !y build4 ,_! food consi/s pr9cipally ( fi%es & mollusc\s animals1 :i* are inv>iably caught by div+4 ,! ,puff9s are di/+ui%able f all _! allies by ! impetuosity ( _! flight4 ,sometimes !y may be se5 swimm+ quietly ^u ! wat] & div+ into ! advanc+ waves2 g5]ally1 h[ev]1 !y are obs]v$ fly+1 & n only %oot+ ov] b da%+ ?r\gh !m4 ,) out/ret*$ w+s !y plunge into ! bill[s1 urg+ _! c>e] ) rapid /rokes1 twi/+ & turn+ 9 ! wat]1 n only sideways b completely r\nd1 s t sometimes ! d>k-col\r$ back1 sometimes ! %9+ :ite "u surface becomes visible2 n[ !y seem to foll[ ! outl9e ( ! wave1 climb+ ^u "o side ( x & plung+ d[n ! o!r z !y sudd5ly em]ge f ! wat]1 &1 aft] ris+ t5 or twelve feet into ! air1 once m plunge obliquely into ! sea1 :]e !y aga9 dive1 r[+ !mselves along ) feet & w+s till1 aft] mak+ _! way to a consid]able di/ance1 !y come up into ! air1 app>5tly simply to take brea?1 & =?) disappe> 9 ! same mann]4 ,! int]e/ atta*+ to ?is spectacle is consid]ably increas$ f ! circum/ance ( s _m ( ! birds jo9+ 9 ^! active evolutions1 j z "o plunges b5ea? ! surface ano!r em]ges1 & z !y are all busily employ$1 x is difficult = ! eye to foll[ _! rapid evolutions4 ,al?\gh ! ,puff9s d n congregate ar\nd _! bre$+-places 9 su* va/ multitudes z o!r wat]-f[l1 !y regul>ly visit ,/4 ,kilda & o!r places among ! ,hebrides & ,f>oe ,isl&s 9 v consid]able numb]s1 g5]ally arriv+ 9 ! night1 dur+ :i* !y appe> to be ev5 m active ?an 9 ! daytime4 ,l _m o!r ,div]s1 !y dig1 by means ( _! beak & claws1 holes 9 ! gre5sw>d ) :i* _! bre$+-place is g5]ally cov]$ to ! dep? ( two feet or ev5 m2 _! excavations hav+ m ! appe>ance ( rabbit-holes ?an ( ne/+-places = a bird2 at ! bottom !y are slightly wid] ?an else:]e1 & "h !y lay _! eggs1 )\t mak+ any ne/4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 !y collect a few /alks ( grass toge!r1 ^u :i* _! eggs are deposit$4 ,n unfrequ5tly !y m]ely take possession ( ! holes prep>$ 9 prec$+ ye>s4 ,_! ne/+-place be+ complet$1 ea* female lays a solit>y egg1 :i* is ( l>ge size4 ,^u ?is egg ! male & female sit by turns = a v long p]iod2 h[ long has n yet be5 asc]ta9$1 b x ext5ds ov] sev]al weeks2 if di/urb$ dur+ _! conf9em5t1 ! p>5ts become mu* excit$1 & def5d _! ne/s vigor\sly1 utt]+ cries :i* h be5 comp>$ to ! gr[l+ & yelp+ ( "y dogs1 at ! same "t spread+ out _! tails & bit+ _! oppon5t ) _! %>p bills4 ,! "y "o :5 hat*$ is clo!d 9 d[n1 b al?\gh abundantly provid$ ) food by bo? p>5ts1 its gr[? is any?+ b rapid2 inde$1 x is n until aft] ! lapse ( sev]al mon?s t x is able to leave its home & make its appe>ance on ! surface ( ! sea4 ,by ?is "t x has be5 s well f$ t its brea/ is cov]$ ) a lay] ( fat fully an in* ?ick2 x is at ?is p]iod t ^! birds are s\ght = & kill$ 9 great numb]s1 af=d+ a mo/ acceptable addition to ! scanty f>e ( ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s fav\r$ by _! pres5ce4 ,,! ,,manx ,,puff91 ,,or ,,%e>wat]4 ,! ,,manx ,,puff91 or ,,%e>wat] 7,puff9us ,anglorum71 is provid$ ) a beak ( mod]ate l5g?1 b n>r[ & weak1 ! upp] m&ible ( :i* t]m9ates 9 a %>p hook1 :i* is receiv$ 9 a correspond+ depression ( ! l[] jaw :i* b5ds d[n at its extremity4 ,! plumage ( ! adult bird is br[ni% black ^u ! upp] p>ts ( ! body1 & pure :ite ^u ! "u side2 ! sides ( ! neck are m>k$ ) grey4 ,! eye is br[n1 ! beak grey1 ! foot gre5i% yell[4 ,?is species is f\rte5 in*es long1 & f ?irty to ?irty-two in*es broad1 ! w+ measures t5 in*es & ! tail two in*es & a half4 ,at pres5t x is unc]ta9 h[ f> ! range ( ! ,manx ,puff9 ext5ds1 = su* is ! simil>ity ( col\r 9 ! diff]5t species1 t !y are d\btless frequ5tly mi/ak5 = ea* o!r by incompet5t obs]v]s2 we are1 h[ev]1 sure t x is met ) z f> s\? z ! coa/s ( ,france & ,spa91 & has occasionally be5 se5 on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,9 ,g]many x is v common1 & also makes its appe>ance 9 ,heligol& e ye> ) consid]able regul>ity4 ,x is also c]ta9 t ?is bird bre$s 9 ,icel&1 ! ,hebrides1 ,%etl&1 ,scilly1 & ,f>oe ,isl&s4 ,a small isl& ne> ! ,calf ( ,man1 al?\gh n[ des]t$1 0 =m]ly inhabit$ by ?is bird 9 great numb]s2 x is also abundant on ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,wales1 9 spr+2 occasionally x visits ,icel& & ! ea/ coa/ ( ,engl&4 ,! ,manx ,puff9 arrives 9 ,great ,brita9 ab\t ,m>*1 & dep>ts 9 ,augu/1 only resort+ to ! l& dur+ ! bre$+ season1 & select+ = ! purpose ( incubation small isl&s or rocky %ores away f any haunts ( man4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is c5tury ! capture ( ! eggs & "y af=d$ an important means ( support to ! poor & h>dy inhabitants ( ! isl&s !y pr9cipally frequ5t2 & ,mr4 ,l[ gives u ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 obta9$3--,a man sitt+ on ! br9k ( ! rock ) a coil ( rope made ( hair on 8 arm1 w let 8 neighb\r _m fa?oms ov] ! /eepe/ rocks1 su* z w\ld make o!r p %udd] to look at1 & yet ^! m5 ?9k no m ( x ?an an air+2 & ?\gh few ye>s pass )\t "s or o!r ( !m p]i%+1 yet ?is nev] det]s ! survivors4 ,x is really dreadful to see p let ov] a rock sev]al hundr$ fa?oms high1 ) ! deep bel[ !m1 support$ only by ! s+le arm ( _! comrades1 :o h no?+ to re/ !mselves aga9/4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 bo? slip toge!r4 ,9 ,augu/ ! "y are fit = tak+1 & are v mu* s\ght aft] z delicacies by ^? :o love good *e]4 ,!y are inde$ v fat1 b are nause\sly rank & fi%y-ta/$2 h[ev]1 !y sell pretty high1 & are lucrative to ! captors4 ,! c\ntry p salt !m d[n = w9t] provision1 & boil !m ) cabbage4 ,!y likewise take ! old ones 9 ,m>*1 b ^! are poor & n ne>ly s good z ! "y4 ,,! ,,o>-,,foot$ ,,sea-,,fli]s 7,/eganopodes74 ,,! memb]s ( ?is ord] pres5t b a v di/ant resemblance to ! swimm+ birds describ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 f :i* !y diff] n only 9 ! con/ruction ( _! feet1 b 9 _! g5]al appe>ance & peculi> habits4 ,! birds belong+ to ?is division are *>act]is$ by hav+ _! body consid]ably elongat$1 _! neck ( mod]ate l5g?1 ! head small1 & ! w+s long & r\nd$ or v long & po9t$4 ,! tail is v>i\sly con/ruct$1 b always peculi> & v po9t$2 & inv>iably !re is betwe5 ! bran*es ( ! "u jaw a nak$1 m or less p\*-l1 fold ( sk94 ,! t>sus is %ort & ! toes long 9 correspond5ce ) ! great size ( ! web :i* connects all ! toes ) "o ano!r1 a "* :]eby !y are p>ticul>ly di/+ui%able4 ,! g5]al plumage is ?ick2 9 "s in/ances compact & /iff1 b 9 o!rs ( silky s(tness4 ,its col\r occasionally diff]s 9 ! two sexes1 & v>ies mu* at diff]5t ages4 ,! o>-foot$ races may all be call$ inhabitants ( ! sea1 al?\gh b a s+le family is s decid$ly oceanic t x nev] abs5ts itself f ! wat]4 ,all ! o!rs will+ly prolong _! flight f> inl&1 :]e _m ( !m e/abli% settlem5ts2 inde$1 !re are c]ta9 races t only exceptionally visit ! sea at all2 nev]!less1 :5 !y d f9d !mselves 9 t elem5t !y are q at home1 & n only c>e little = ! l&1 b are able to disp5se ) fre% wat]4 ,"s ( !m at c]ta9 int]vals come on %ore to re/ !mselves or to sleep on rocky isl&s & coa/s2 o!rs pref] a %elv+ %ore2 & o!rs1 :5ev] !y get an opportunity1 roo/ ^u trees3 c]ta9 species1 inde$1 might almo/ be consid]$ true =e/ birds4 ,9 nor!rn climates1 z _! bre$+-"t approa*es1 _m ( !m migrate ) great regul>ity2 b 9 l[ latitudes !y only remove hi!r & ?i!r1 nor?w>ds or s\?w>ds1 foll[+ ! w9d+s ( ! sea-coa/4 ,_! ne/s are g5]ally built ei!r ^u trees or 9 fissures ( rocks1 sometimes ^u l$ges ( cliffs or on ! tops ( m\nta9s2 less frequ5tly on ! little isl&s met ) 9 m>%es & swamps4 ,:]ev] _! bre$+-place may be1 !y are g5]ally indebt$ to o!r birds = reliev+ !m ( a consid]able %>e ( ! lab\r ( ne/-build+1 (t5 cont5t+ !mselves ) add+ mat]ials to _! des]t$ domiciles4 ,"s ( !m lay b a s+le egg1 o!rs two1 o!rs f\r2 ! eggs are small1 ( elongat$ %ape1 & g5]ally cov]$ ) a calc>e\s deposit :i* obscures ! m>k+s on ! %ell4 ,bo? p>5ts assi/ 9 ! "w ( incubation1 & "s species w\ld seem frequ5tly to produce two broods 9 ! c\rse ( ! bre$+ season4 ,mo/ ( ^! birds fe$ exclusively ^u fi%es2 "s w occasionally dev\r small quadrup$s1 molluscs1 & worms1 b fi%es inv>iably con/itute _! ord9>y diet4 ,"s ( !m cat* _! food by sail+ ov] ! wat] at a little di/ance above ! surface1 :5ce !y sudd5ly plunge into ! wat] b5ea?2 "s swim ^u ! sea l ,ducks1 & seize _! prey 9 %all[ wat] by means ( _! long necks2 :il/ o!rs aga91 aft] ! mann] ( ! real div]s1 pursue _! prey to a consid]able dep?4 ,!y are t]ribly de/ructive to fi%es1 & are1 consequ5tly1 ev]y:]e reg>d$ & treat$ z enemies by all fi%]m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,tropic ,,birds 7,phaton71 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 z !y 7 call$ by ,l9nu1 always w>n ! m>9] by _! pres5ce t he has ent]$ ! prec9cts ( ! torrid zone1 beyond :i* !y seldom /ray4 ,! *>act]i/ic features ( ^! beautiful creatures are ! small size & compact build ( _! bodies4 ,_! beak is ab\t ! same l5g? z ! head1 & compress$ lat]ally--its upp] surface slightly curv$1 its apex acutely po9t$1 & its cutt+ edges f9ely d5ticulat$4 ,! legs are small 9 proportion to ! size ( ! body1 & ! h9d toe connect$ ) ! inn] "o by b a v n>r[ web4 ,! w+s are long1 & ! tail compos$ ( twelve or f\rte5 quills2 ! c5tral tail-fea!rs are rem>kably prolong$1 & pres5t a /ructure t is q peculi>1 ow+ to ! laxity & sp>s5ess ( _! b>bs4 ,_! g5]al plumage is ?ick & delicately t9t$4 ,no "o :o sees ! ,tropic ,birds = ! fir/ "t1 says ,ppp+1 w\ld reg>d !m z inhabitants ( ! sea1 b w\ld r imag9e !m to be l& birds t _h /ray$ by accid5t f> into ! illimitable des]t ( ! ocean4 ,9 /r5g? ( w+ !y are unrivall$4 ,)\t mov+ _! p9ions 9 ! slighte/ degree1 or turn+ ! body1 !y m\nt quickly to a great altitude1 & !re seem to repose ^u ! air1 z if x 7 a solid support4 ,only :5 engag$ 9 fi%+1 or :5 !y p]ceive a %ip1 d !y ex*ange ?is /ate ( luxuri\s repose = active ex]tion4 ,on su* occasions d[n !y come f ! skies ) a/oni%+ spe$1 & nev] seem tir$ ( circl+ r\nd ! vessel1 z ?\gh n>r[ly wat*+ all t may be pass+ on bo>d4 ,frequ5tly !y so> s high z to be completely invisible except to a practis$ eye1 b !y are v r>ely se5 to swim4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,tail$ ,,tropic ,,bird4 ,! ,,:ite-,,tail$ ,,tropic ,,bird 7,phaton !reus7 is /rik+ly beautiful4 ,its head1 neck1 & "u p>ts ( ! body are pure :ite1 delicately t+$ ) r$2 ! face is m>k$ ab\t ! eyes ) a broad /ripe ( black2 ! back & mantle are :ite1 m>k$ ) a crook$ d>k l9e2 ! w+s are black1 bord]$ ) :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak coral-r$1 foot dusky yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is two feet five in*es1 ( ?is "o foot five in*es belongs to ! c5tre tail-fea!rs2 ! bread? is ?ree feet f\r in*es4 ,! ,:ite-tail$ ,tropic ,birds are commonly met ) ^u ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 &1 accord+ to ,la?am1 are f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 b are especially num]\s 9 ,palm]/on ,isl&1 :]e ! trees are frequ5tly load$ ) !m4 ,ellis tells u t 9 ! latt] isl& !y are s tame z to all[ !mselves to be tak5 f ! bran*es ) ! h&4 ,^!1 says ,b5nett1 are among/ ! mo/ beautiful ( all ! oceanic birds1 & excite admiration z ! rays ( a bright sun %9e ^u _! *a/e & delicate sat9 plumage2 !y are z g5tle 9 mann] z graceful 9 flight1 & x is pleas+ to wat* _! evolutions1 = :5 so>+ to a great elevation ! action ( _! w+s is sl[1 accompani$ by a j]k+ motion1 ris+ & fall+ 9 ! air1 at ! same "t utt]+ _! peculi>1 %rill notes4 ,sometimes !y are re/+ on ! surface ( ! wat]1 & 9 calm wea!r occasionally seat !mselves on ! backs ( turtles z !y float along 9 lazy enjoym5t4 ,sailors =m]ly believ$ t ! appe>ance ( ,tropic ,birds indicat$ ! contiguity ( l&2 ?is idea1 h[ev]1 is errone\s1 z !y are frequ5tly se5 at a great di/ance f %ore4 ,accord+ to ,b5nett ?is species has be5 se5 #a1jjj miles f ! coa/4 ,! long tail-fea!rs ( ?is beautiful bird are 9 great reque/4 ,,! ,,r$-,,tail$ ,,tropic ,,bird4 ,! ,,r$-,,tail$ ,,tropic ,,bird 7,phaton phnicurus7 has1 l ! prec$+ species1 :ite plumage t+$ ) rose-col\r2 a broad1 black1 transv]se b&1 :i* comm5ces 9 front ( ! eyes1 is prolong$ t[>ds ! back ( ! head into a po9t2 ! c5tre ( ! second>y quills1 & ! fea!rs on ! sides are deep black2 ! %afts ( ! prim>y quills are black ne>ly to ! tips4 ,! middle tail-fea!rs are :ite t[>ds _! base1 b else:]e bright r$ ) black %afts4 ,! eye is blacki% br[n1 beak sc>let1 ) a pale blue /ripe at its base1 & ! t>sus fa9t blue2 ! feet are black4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is two feet f\r in*es1 bread? ?ree feet2 ! longe/ tail-fea!rs are fifte5 in*es1 & ! re/ five in*es4 ,! ,r$-tail$ ,tropic ,bird is met ) ?r\gh\t ! w>m & temp]ate p>ts ( ! ,s\? ,seas & ,indian ,ocean2 dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb] x retires to bre$ ^u ! isl&s4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! eggs & "y 0 giv5 to ,mr4 ,g\ld by ,macgillivray3-- ,! eggs ( ! ,p4 ,phnicurus are blot*$ & speckl$ ) br[ni% r$ on a pale r$di% grey gr\nd1 & are two in*es & ?ree-eigh?s long1 by "o in* f\r-eigh?s & a half broad4 ,! cont5ts ( ! /oma* consi/$ ( ! remnants ( cuttle-fi%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:ite-,,tail$ ,,tropic ,,bird 7,phaton !reus74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,la?am /ates t ^! birds are f\nd 9 great numb]s 9 ! ,isl& ( ,mauritius1 :]e !y make _! ne/s on ! gr\nd "u trees4 ,accord+ to ,b5nett1 ,! ne/l+s h a s+ul> appe>ance1 resembl+ p[d]-puffs1 be+ r\nd z a ball & ( a delicate sn[-:ite col\r2 ! plumage ( ! fir/ ye> is :ite speckl$ ) black1 & !y are defici5t 9 ! r$ %afts project+ f ! tail1 :i* d n make _! appe>ance till ! second ye>1 :5 on ! "y bird m\lt+1 ! spl5did & delicate roseate plumage is display$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,gannets 7,sula7 are l>g] b m sl5d]ly built ?an ! ,tropic ,birds4 ,_! bill is long] ?an ! head1 & ! upp] m&ible looks z ?\gh x 7 divid$ po/]iorly into an upp] & an "u portion1 s t ! beak has ! appe>ance ( consi/+ ( ?ree p>ts4 ,! t>si are dim9utive b /rong2 ! w+s unusually long1 ) ! fir/ quill ! longe/2 ! tail consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 & t]m9ates 9 a w$ge-l po9t4 ,! face & ?roat are nak$4 ,! ,gannets inhabit ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & are met ) 9 all seas f #gj nor? latitude to ! tropics2 fur!r s\?w>d _! abs5ce is suppli$ by o!r species4 ,!y are abundant 9 ,icel&1 & ! ,f>oe ,isl&s1 ! ,orkneys1 & ! ,hebrides2 ^u ! coa/ ( ,norway !y are less frequ5t1 b pl5tiful on ! ,am]ican %ores1 bo? ( ! ,pacific & ,atlantic4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ,gannets bre$ 9 great numb]s on ! ,bass ,rock1 ,s\lisk]ry1 ,/4 ,kilda1 ,ailsa1 & ,skellig ,isl&s4 ,!y betake !mselves to ! op5 sea dur+ ! w9t]1 pursu+ ! h]r+s1 pil*>ds1 & o!r fi%es1 ^u :i* !y d>t ne>ly v]tically4 ,x w\ld seem z if ^! birds ent]ta9$ a sort ( affection = c]ta9 isl&s1 or p>ticul> localities ^u ! coa/4 ,:5 !y h an opportunity ( do+ s1 !y l to pass ! night on dry l&1 g5]ally pref]r+ high precipit\s cliffs t rise abruptly f ! sea1 & f :i* !y c see ! waves break+ p]petually be=e !m4 ,_! *oice 9 ?is p>ticul> is some:at fanciful1 at all ev5ts !y are always to be se5 on c]ta9 rocks1 & seem z con/antly to avoid o!rs app>5tly j z well suit$ to _! purpose4 ,! p[] ( flight possess$ by ^! birds is v great2 !y appe> to swim only :ile !y give !mselves a little re/ ^u ! wat]1 & are nev] se5 ^u dry l& except dur+ ! bre$+ season1 or :51 z has be5 said1 !y come on %ore to sleep4 ,:5 try+ to /& ^u _! feet !y are v helpless1 & _! walk is h>dly m ?an a waddle4 ,nei!r is _! p[] ( swimm+ ( mu* avail2 !y all[ !mselves to be bl[n along by ! w9d )\t any ex]tion ( _! own1 &1 inde$1 nev] use _! legs except :5 compell$ to d s4 ,:5 !y employ _! w+s1 h[ev]1 !y make up = ^! defici5cies2 _! flight is1 p]haps1 inf]ior to t ( ! ,petrels1 b x is exce$+ly swift & /rong4 ,aft] a few rapid /rokes ( ! w+s1 app>5tly to give x ! necess>y impulse1 ! ,gannet glides ?r\gh ! air l an arr[1 :eel+ r\nd & turn+ ) ! greate/ ease1 at "o "t sail+ close to ! surface ( ! sea1 at ano!r ris+ high into ! air1 & guid+ its c\rse by ! simple slop+ ( its w+s4 ,its voice consi/s ( a succession ( h>% croak+s1 :ile t ( ! "y birds is a disagreeable scree*4 ,:oev] has visit$ ! localities :]e ^! birds bre$1 w h little difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! b$s ( guano :i* ( late ye>s h be5 s pr(itably turn$ to acc\nt4 ,!y congregate ^u ! isl&s select$ z _! ne/+-places by hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 & by millions1 insomu* t1 us+ ! words 9 _! lit]al s5se1 ! air all ar\nd is fill$ ) !m2 _! multitudes %ut out ! light ( ! sun1 & _! voices deaf5 any visitor4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april !y fir/ make _! appe>ance ^u ^! isl&s1 & leave !m aga9 ab\t ,octob]4 ,_! ne/s are plac$ s close toge!r1 t x is difficult = a man to walk betwe5 !m4 ,^? fir/ built are ( tol]ably l>ge dim5sions1 ^? made at a lat] p]iod consid]ably small]1 :ile ^? con/ruct$ by ! la/ com]s mu/ necess>ily be plac$ on any little unoccupi$ spaces t c be s\ght out4 ,! ne/ itself consi/s ( a m]e heap ( l& or sea plants1 on :i* ! female deposits h] s+le egg4 ,! eggs are ( mod]ate size1 ) *alky-look+ %ells t are at fir/ :ite1 b soon become ( a dirty yell[i% br[n4 ,! "y birds are n hat*$ till ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 & by ! end ( ,july are ab\t half gr[n1 b /ill clad 9 a yell[i% :ite dress ( %ort d[n4 ,9 ! ye> #ahba1 says ,fab]1 ,i visit$ "o ( ! little isl&s ^u :i* ^! birds _h built _! ne/s4 ,z soon z ,i _h l&$1 bo? "y & old greet$ my arrival ) a bur/ ( mo/ discordant music1 consi/+ ( "o h>% %riek+ s\nd4 ,n "o ( !m1 h[ev]1 /irr$ f ! spot :]e !y sat1 s t ,i might h readily help$ myself to z _m ( !m z ,i *ose4 ,! ne/s lay cr[d$ close toge!r1 b ! gr\nd 0 s slipp]y ) all sorts ( fil?1 t 9 walk+ among/ !m ,i %\ld h run ! risk ( fall+ f ! craggy cliffs into ! sea4 ,x 0 a wond]ful sight to see ! multitudes bel[ fi%+ = food1 :i*1 z soon z !y _h collect$ en\gh1 !y br\ght ) flagg+ w+s to ! top ( ! rock & laid x be=e _! "y ones4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,augu/1 ! ne/l+s are fully fl$g$1 & at t "t if !y are n l>g] !y are at lea/ fatt] ?an _! p>5ts4 ,9 ?is condition ! c\ntry p cat* z _m ( !m z !y c1 & salt !m = food4 ,9 ,/4 ,kilda e ye> !re is a regul> massacre ( "y ,gannets1 :i*1 z !y are kill$1 are ?r[n d[n f ! rocks into ! sea1 & !re collect$ into boats2 great quantities are !n s5t to ,ed9burgh & o!r places & br\ght to m>ket4 ,,! ,,common ,,gannet4 ,! ,,common ,,gannet 7,sula alba7 is altoge!r :ite1 except ! prim>y quills1 :i* are br[ni% black2 ! upp] "p ( ! head & h9d] "p ( ! neck are t+$ ) yell[4 ,! plumage ( ! "y is blacki% br[n ^u ! upp] p>ts ( ! body1 speckl$ ) :ite2 ! "u surface is light br[n spott$ ) a d>k] %ade4 ,! eye is yell[1 ! beak bluei%1 ! foot gre51 & ! b>e sk9 ( ! ?roat black4 ,?is species is f ?irty to ?irty-?ree in*es long1 & f sev5ty-two to sev5ty-f\r broad2 ! w+ measures tw5ty-"o1 & ! tail t5 in*es4 ,! female is some:at small] ?an h] mate4 ,^! birds are con/ant resid5ts on ! %ores ( ,great ,brita91 *ang+ _! locality1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! v>y+ seasons ( ! ye>4 ,! pr9cipal bre$+-places are1 ,lundy ,isl&1 ! ,skellig ,isles on ! coa/ ( ,k]ry2 & 9 ,scotl&1 ! ,isle ( ,ailsa1 ,/4 ,kilda1 ,s\lisk]ry 7,orkney71 & ! ,bass ,rock 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=?4 ,?is latt] rock1 :]e ,macgillivray made "s obs]vations :i* we w detail1 is ab\t a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 & ( an oblong =m1 ) precipit\s cliffs1 9 "s places p]p5dicul>1 & 9 o!rs ov]hang+1 except 9 "o n>r[ "p1 :]e a less abrupt projection =ms ! only l&+-place4 ,! ,gannets arrive ab\t ! middle ( ,febru>y or ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 & dep>t 9 ,octob]2 "s ye>s1 a few individuals rema9 dur+ w9t]4 ,! ne/s are compos$ ( grass & seawe$1 g5]ally plac$ on ! b>e rock or e>? elevat$ 9 ! =m ( a truncat$ cone1 ( :i* ! base is ab\t tw5ty in*es 9 diamet]1 ) a %all[ t]m9al cavity4 ,on ! summit ( ! isl& are num]\s holes 9 ! turf1 =m$ by ! ,gannets 9 pull+ away grass & turf = _! ne/s2 ^! are plac$ 9 all p>ts ( ! rock :]e a conv5i5t spot occurs1 b are mu* m num]\s t[>ds ! summit4 ,"s ( !m1 :i* h be5 occupi$ = ye>s on ! face ( ! cliff1 or 9 a %all[ fissure1 are pil$ up to ! height ( f ?ree to five feet2 b 9 ?is case !y always lean aga9/ ! rock4 ,! egg1 :i* is solit>y & pres5ts no?+ rem>kable 9 its position1 is ( an elongat$ oval =m1 :ite1 dull1 ) a *alky surface1 usually sulli$ or pat*$ ) yell[i% br[n dirt4 ,x is subject$ to r\gh usage1 = ! bird :5 alight+1 fly+ (f1 or di/urb$ by ! intrusion ( human visitors1 tosses x ab\t1 & (t5 /&s ^u x4 ,all ! movem5ts ( ! ,gannets on l& are v awkw>d2 x hobbles or waddles :5 x tries to walk1 />es at y ) its :ite goggle eyes1 op5s its ugly black ?roat1 & emits a torr5t ( crackl+ s\nds4 ,:5 sitt+1 ! ,gannets all[ a p]son to approa* )9 ?ree feet1 sometimes mu* ne>]1 s t "o may ev5 t\* !m4 ,:5 approa*$1 !y m]ely op5 _! bill & utt] _! usual cry1 or rise to _! feet & express "s degree ( res5tm5t1 b little appreh5sion ( dang]4 ,!y take advantage ( ! abs5ce ( _! neighb\rs to pilf] ! mat]ials ( _! ne/s2 frequ5tly two jo9 9 ! same act1 & occasionally two may be se5 at ! same bun*1 endeav\r+ to wre/ x f ea* o!r4 ,!y are con/antly repair+ _! ne/s1 :i*1 be+ compos$ 9 a great measure ( seawe$s1 %r9k up 9 dry wea!r & decompose 9 wet2 & :5 seat$ close toge!r h frequ5t qu>rels4 ,i saw "o seize its neighb\r by ! back ( ! neck1 & hold fa/ until ! assault$ bird1 ,i may say1 ro>$ out2 b 9 g5]al !y are satisfi$ ) m5ac+ ea* o!r ) _! op5 bills & l\d clam\r4 ,ow+ to _! s (t5 int]f]+ ) ea* o!r1 a con/ant noise is kept up among/ !m4 ,_! cry is ho>se & h>%1 & may be express$ by ! syllables1 ,c>ra1 c>ra1 or ,kirra1 kirra2 sometimes x is ,crac1 crac1 or ,cra1 cra1 or ,cree1 cree4 ,! cry v>ies consid]ably 9 diff]5t individuals1 "s hav+ a %>p] voice ?an o!rs1 & :5 unusually irritat$ !y repeat x ) great rapidity4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ !y h a smoo?1 b>e1 black sk92 ?is soon becomes cov]$ ) :ite d[n1 :i* ?ick5s until ! ne/l+s pres5t ! appe>ance ( a p[d]-puff2 ?r\gh ?is d[n ! true fea!rs1 :i* are black1 appe>1 & are foll[$ by ! adult :ite plumage4 ,! old bird1 says ,macgillivray1 at fir/ fe$s its "y ) a k9d ( fi%-s\p1 prep>$ 9 its own gullet & /oma*1 & :i* x introduces1 drop by drop z x 71 into its ?roat2 b :5 its nursl+ is pretty well gr[n1 x places its bill )9 its m\? & disgorges ! fi%1 ei!r :ole or 9 fragm5ts4 ,x nev] c>ries fi% to ! rock 9 its bill4 ,^u ! ,corni% coa/ ^! birds are mo/ abundant 9 autumn & w9t]4 ,! fi%]m51 says ,mr4 ,c\*1 le>n by _! actions :5 %oals ( pil*>ds are pres5t1 & :at c\rse !y are pursu+4 ,! ,gannet takes its prey 9 a diff]5t mann] f any o!r ( our aquatic birds2 =1 trav]s+ ! air 9 all directions1 z soon z x discov]s ! fi%1 x rises to su* a height z exp]i5ce %[s be/ calculat$ to c>ry x by a d[nw>d motion to ! requir$ dep?1 & !n1 p>tially clos+ its w+s1 x falls p]p5dicul>ly on ! prey1 & r>ely )\t success1 ! "t betwe5 ! plunge & imm]sion be+ ab\t fifte5 seconds4 ,,! ,,frigate ,,bird4 ,! ,,frigate ,,bird 7,ta*ypetes aquila7 has des]v$ly be5 call$ ! ,eagle ( ! ,sea4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s feature :]eby x may be di/+ui%$ among all alli$ species1 is ! enorm\s developm5t ( its w+s4 ,its body is slim1 ! neck p[]ful1 & ! head ( mod]ate size2 ! beak is half z long aga9 z ! head1 some:at depress$ at its base1 vault$ above1 & /rongly hook$ at ! tip2 ! apex ( ! "u m&ible is b5t d[nw>ds 9 a correspond+ mann]2 ! space b5ea? ! l[] m&ible is l>ge1 broad1 & d5ud$ ( fea!rs2 ! gape ext5ds backw>ds to b5ea? ! eyes2 ! t>sus is v %ort1 p[]ful1 & cov]$ ) fea!rs z f> z ! feet2 ! web betwe5 ! toes is extremely n>r[1 look+ z if a portion ( x _h be5 cut away2 ! toes are furni%$ ) /rong1 %>p1 curv$ claws1 t on ! inn] side be+ too!d2 ! w+ is ( inord9ate l5g?1 & %>ply po9t$ at ! tip1 ! fir/ quill be+ ! longe/2 ! tail consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 & is v long & deeply =k$2 ! g5]al plumage is compact1 smoo?1 & glossy2 ^u ! head1 neck1 & brea/ ! fea!rs are elongat$1 ^u ! mantle r\nd1 & ^u ! brea/ fur-l2 ! ?roat & a space ar\nd ! eyes are nak$4 ,! col\r ( ! plumage ( ! adult male is br[ni% black1 %imm]+ ) metallic gre5 & purple on ! head1 nape1 back1 & sides2 ^u ! w+s x is %ad$ ) grey2 & ^u ! second>y quills & tail ) br[n2 ! eye is deep or greyi% br[n1 ! nak$ space ar\nd ! eye purple-blue1 ! beak light blue at ! root1 :ite 9 ! middle1 & d>k horn-col\r at ! po9t2 ! sac b5ea? ! ?roat is orange-yell[4 ,! l5g? ( ! ,frigate ,bird is =ty-"o in*es1 ! spread ( ! w+s tw5ty-five in*es1 l5g? ( tail eighte5 in*es4 ,! weight ( ! entire bird is only a little m ?an ?ree p\nds4 ,! female is di/+ui%able by h] light] t9t & dull] col\rs1 & by h] brea/ be+ m or less cov]$ ) :ite fea!rs4 ,! ,frigate ,bird is to be f\nd 9 ! same latitude z ! ,sons ( ! ,sun1 brav+ ) !m ! f]v\r ( int]-tropical heat1 b x seldom w&]s s f> f l& z !y4 ,x has inde$ be5 report$ to h be5 se5 at a di/ance ( f six hundr$ to sev5 hundr$ miles f ! ne>e/ coa/1 b g5]ally speak+1 x seldom flies to m ?an f tw5ty to fifty miles f ! %ore1 to :i* x usually resorts 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,at ! e>lie/ dawn ( morn+ x leaves its sleep+-place1 & may soon aft]w>ds be obs]v$ mak+ broad circles 9 ! air1 or fly+ rapidly aga9/ ! w9d t[>ds ! sea 9 se>* ( food4 ,aft] cat*+ fi%es until satisfi$1 x returns to ! dry l&1 :i* x rea*es1 %\ld ! wea!r be /ormy1 ab\t noon1 b if f9e1 n until lat] 9 ! day4 ,mr4 ,gosse1 wi%+ to "k at :at "t ?is species retir$ to _! re/+-places1 visit$ "o ( ^!1 arriv+ !re j at sunset1 b f\nd to 8 mortification t he 0 too late2 already ! ,frigate ,birds1 ,gannets1 & ,pelicans t resort$ to ! spot1 _h retir$ to roo/4 ,at 8 approa*1 h[ev]1 ! :ole assembly rose z x 7 9 a mass f ! trees :]e !y _h be5 repos+1 ! ,frigate ,birds in/antly fly+ f> out to sea1 or sail+ 9 beautiful circles high 9 ! air1 nei!r did !y return until d>kness _h completely set 94 ,a few days lat]1 ! same obs]v] visit$ ! place at an e>li] h\r1 arriv+ ab\t ?ree or f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 b ev5 !n he f\nd t ! great] numb] ( !m _h got home1 & 7 quietly dige/+ ! result ( _! day's employm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,frigate ,,bird 7,ta*ypetes aquila74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,?is bird1 accord+ to ,b5nett1 be+ incapable ( swimm+ & div+1 may g5]ally be se5 on ! al]t = fly+-fi%1 :5 ^! are />t$ into ! air by ,albicores & ,bonitas1 & :5 unsuccessful x is compell$ to resort to a sy/em ( plund]+ o!r sea-birds4 ,! quiet & indu/ri\s tribes1 ! ,gannets & ,sea ,swall[s 7,/]na hirundo1 ,l9n471 are g5]ally select$ z objects ( attack1 & on return+ to _! haunts to fe$ _! "y brood1 aft] hav+ be5 out fi%+ all day1 are /opp$ 9 mid-air by ! m>aud+ ,frigate ,bird1 & compell$ to deliv] up "s ( _! prey1 :i*1 be+ disgorg$ by !m1 is mo/ dext]\sly caught by ! plund]] be=e x rea*es ! wat]4 ,a ,frigate ,bird has be5 obs]v$ to so> ov] ! ma/-head ( a %ip1 & te> away ! pieces ( col\r$ clo? app5d$ to ! vane4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 says ,audubon1 a p]iod :i* to me appe>$ v late = birds f\nd 9 s w>m a climate z ! ,florida ,keys1 ! ,frigate ,pelicans assemble 9 flocks ( f fifty to five hundr$ pairs or m4 ,!y are se5 fly+ at a great height ov] ! isl&s on :i* !y h br$ _m previ\s seasons1 c\rt+ = h\rs toge!r1 aft] :i* !y return t[>ds ! mangroves1 alight on !m1 & at once beg9 to repair ! old ne/s or con/ruct new ones4 ,!y pillage ea* o!r's ne/s ( _! mat]ials1 & make excursions = m to ! ne>e/ ,keys4 ,!y break ! dry twigs ( a tree ) ease1 pass+ swiftly on w+ & snapp+ !m (f by a s+le grasp ( _! p[]ful bill4 ,x is inde$ a beautiful sight to see !m :5 ?us occupi$1 especially :5 sev]al are s engag$1 pass+ & repass+ ) ! swiftness ( ?\ght ov] ! trees ^: tops are bla/$2 _! purpose appe>s accompli%$ z if by magic4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ?is bird accid5tally drops a /ick :ile travell+ t[>ds its ne/1 :51 if ?is %\ld happ5 ov] ! wat]1 x plunges aft] x1 & seizes x ) its bill be=e x has rea*$ ! waves4 ,! ne/s are usually plac$ on ! s\? side ( ! ,keys1 & on su* trees z hang ov] ! wat]1 "s l[1 o!rs high2 sev]al 9 a s+le tree1 or only "o1 accord+ to ! size ( ! mangrove1 b 9 "s cases l9+ ! :ole isl&4 ,!y are compos$ ( /icks cross+ ea* o!r1 to ! height ( ab\t two in*es1 & are flatti%1 b n v l>ge4 ,:5 ! birds are incubat+1 _! long w+s & tails are se5 ext5d+ beyond ! ne/ = m ?an a foot4 ,! eggs are two or ?ree--m frequ5tly ! latt]--9 numb]1 measure two in*es & sev5-eigh?s 9 l5g?1 two 9 bread?1 be+ ?us ( a r elongat$ =m1 & h a ?ick smoo? %ell ( a gre5i% :ite col\r1 frequ5tly soil$ ) ! fil? ( ! ne/s4 ,! "y are cov]$ ) yell[i% :ite d[n1 & look at fir/ z if !y _h no feet4 ,!y are f$ by regurgitation1 b gr[ t>dily1 & d n leave ! ne/ until !y are able to foll[ _! p>5ts on ! w+4 ,! ,frigate ,pelican1 cont9ues ! same au?ority1 is possess$ ( a p[] ( flight :i* ,i imag9e sup]ior p]haps to t ( any o!r bird4 ,h[ev] swiftly ! ,cay5ne ,t]n1 ! small] ,gulls1 or ! ,jag] move on w+1 x seems a matt] ( m]e sport to x to ov]take any ( !m4 ,! ,go%awk1 ! ,p]egr9e1 & ! ,gyr ,falcon1 :i* ,i conceive to be ! swifte/ ( our ,hawks1 are oblig$ to pursue _! victim1 %\ld x be a ,gre5-w+$ ,teal1 or ,pass5g] ,pigeon1 at times = half a mile at ! highe/ pit* ( _! spe$ be=e !y c secure x4 ,! bird ( :i* ,i speak comes f on high ) ! velocity ( a meteor1 & on ne>+ ! object ( its pursuit1 :i* its ke5 eye has spi$ out :ile fi%+ at a di/ance1 d>ts on ei!r side to cut (f all retreat1 & ) op5 bill =ces x to drop or disgorge ! fi% :i* x has j caught4 ,^u "o occasion ,i obs]v$ a ,frigate ,bird t _h =c$ a ,cay5ne ,t]n1 yet 9 sight1 to drop a fi%1 :i* ! broad-w+$ w>rior _h seiz$ z x fell2 ?is fi% 0 r l>ge = ! ,t]n1 & might probably be ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g?2 ! ,frigate ,bird m\nt$ ) x across 8 bill ab\t a hundr$ y>ds1 & !n1 toss+ x up1 caught x z x fell1 b n 9 ! prop] mann]2 he !re=e dropp$ x1 b be=e x _h fall5 _m y>ds caught x aga94 ,/ill x 0 n 9 a good position1 ! weight ( ! head1 x seem$1 hav+ prev5t$ ! bird f seiz+ x by t "p4 ,a second "t ! fi% 0 ?r[n upw>d1 & n[ at la/ 0 receiv$ 9 a conv5i5t mann]1 t is1 ) its head d[nw>ds1 & swall[$4 ,^! birds are greg>i\s1 & utt] a r\gh croak+ cry4 ,! ,society ,isl&]s ornam5t ! head-dresses ( ! *iefs ) ! fea!rs ( ^! birds1 climb+ ! cliffs1 :]e !y are congregat$ dur+ ! bre$+ season1 9 ord] to procure !m4 ,! eggs are laid on ! s&1 b5ea? a %elt]+ l$ge 9 ! l(ty cliffs ( ,asc5sion ,isl& & o!r coa/s1 & 9 ! l[ isl&s ( ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,b5nett1 !y roo/ & build 9 l(ty trees4 ,mr4 ,burton /ates t ! female deposits "o egg1 & ! male bird sits1 a fact cle>ly e/abli%$1 z "o 0 absolutely tak5 by ! h& :ile sitt+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,cormorants 7,haliei7 are peculi>ly-con/ruct$ birds1 easily recognisable by ! foll[+ *>act]s3--,_! body is v mu* elongat$1 almo/ cyl9drical 9 %ape1 & p[]fully built4 ,_! neck is v long1 sl5d]1 or ?92 _! head small4 ,! beak is ( mod]ate l5g?1 & ei!r /raight & %>p-po9t$1 or /rongly b5t d[n & hook$ at ! end4 ,! t>sus is %ort & compress$ at ! sides2 ! toes l>ge4 ,! w+s are long1 b blunt at _! extremity1 ow+ to ! %ortness ( ! prim>ies1 ( :i* ! ?ird is ! longe/4 ,! tail1 :i* consi/s ( twelve or f\rte5 fea!rs1 is ( m$ium size1 or mod]ately long1 & sc>cely at all ar*$2 s t x looks v oddly put on4 ,! quills ( ! w+s & tail are v h>d1 ) ! b>bs broad & /rongly connect$1 ! %afts be+ /rong b flexible2 ! fea!rs ( ! "u side are loose & silky1 ^? ( ! upp] side closely imbricat$4 ,! memb]s ( ?is num]\s family are to be met ) 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 liv+ equally well 9 ! sea or 9 fre% wat]4 ,"s species are resid5t 9 ! nor!rn seas1 b ! great] numb] frequ5t ! temp]ate & torrid zones4 ,_! habitat is v div]sifi$2 "s species seldom remove f> f ! sea1 :]e !y take _! /ation on "s rocky isl&1 o!rs dwell 9 re$y m>%es or 9 lakes =m$ by riv]s1 only casually visit+ ! sea-coa/2 or foll[ ! c\rse ( riv]s v f> into ! int]ior1 :]e !y rema9 dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,! nor!rn species are regul> birds ( passage1 b ^? 9 s\!rn climates only w&] f place to place4 ,! ,cormorants are peculi>ly adapt$ to an aquatic life2 !y are ! mo/ gift$ div]s belong+ to _! ord]1 & are almo/ equally qualifi$ = any o!r k9d ( locomotion4 ,!y walk tol]ably on level gr\nd1 & al?\gh _! gait is some:at vacillat+1 !y are /rik+ly at home among/ ! bran*es ( trees4 ,_! flight is mu* bett] ?an _! appe>ance w\ld seem to indicate1 al?\gh :5 fly+ !y always look z if !y 7 fatigu$4 ,z f> z is possible1 !y sp5d _! "t 9 ! wat]1 :]e !y swim & dive ) su* skill & p]sev]ance z a/oni%es anyone :o wat*es _! ex]tions4 ,! "n ( ^! birds is indicative ( _! voracity1 :i* x seems impossible to satisfy2 !y w eat z mu* & z long z !y c1 & imm$iately attack any o!r food t may happ5 to come )9 _! rea*4 ,!y seem to re/ simply = ! purpose ( aga9 enabl+ !m to eat1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! v %ort p]iod !y employ 9 plum+ _! fea!rs1 _! :ole "t is usually employ$ 9 eat+ & sleep+4 ,! expansiv5ess ( _! gullet enables !m to swall[ fi%es ( consid]able size1 b ^! are rapidly dige/$1 & _! crav+ appetite mu/ aga9 be satisfi$4 ,9 l&s occupi$ by man1 _! pres5ce is n tol]at$1 see+ t !y d unspeakable damage to fi%]ies1 b 9 ! ocean1 :]e !y c gorge ad libitum1 )\t int]f]+ ) mank9d1 !y are at lea/ ( "s s]vice2 !y dev\r fi%es & conv]t !m into guano4 ,all ! birds belong+ to ?is family build _! ne/s 9 company ) o!rs ( _! race1 & sometimes ! numb]s ?us congregat$ toge!r am\nt to sev]al ?\s& pairs4 ,_! ne/s are plac$ ei!r on rocky isl&s1 :]e !y build 9 ! clefts & fissures1 or ^u ! l$ges ( ! rocks1 or else 9 inl& places ^u trees1 =ty or fifty ( !m toge!r4 ,:5 oblig$ to build _! own ne/s1 !y con/ruct a rude framework ( ?ick twigs1 ^u :i* !y pile s$ges & o!r k9ds ( grass1 :i* are heap$ toge!r 9 a v slov5ly mann]1 & moreov] kept s wet t ! cont5ts lit]ally lie 9 a sort ( puddle4 ,_! eggs1 g5]ally f two to f\r 9 numb]1 are proportionately v small1 & mu* elongat$1 !y h a /rong :ite %ell g5]ally cov]$ ) s(t *alky matt]4 ,bo? sexes brood alt]nately1 ) mu* self-devotion1 & bo? assi/ 9 ! nurture ( _! "y ones1 :i* :5 fir/ hat*$ are ne>ly nak$1 b at a lat] p]iod become clo!d ) a ?ick coat ( dusky-col\r$ d[n4 ,!y _c be said to be fl$g$ till !y are ne>ly half gr[n1 at :i* p]iod !y beg9 to foll[ _! p>5ts into ! wat]1 by :om !y are in/ruct$ = a few days1 & !n left to _! own devices4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,d>t]s1 or ,,snake-,,necks 7,plotus71 we consid] z indubitably belong+ to ! family ( ! ,cormorants1 f :i* !y are pr9cipally di/+ui%able by ! con=mation ( _! neck & bill2 9 o!r p>ticul>s ( /ructure1 m especially 9 _! int]nal anatomy1 !y resemble !m s closely t to sep>ate ! two races1 z _m ,engli% orni?ologi/s h done1 is out ( ! "q4 ,cormorants !y are 9 _! %ape & ! coloration ( _! plumage1 & !y are ,cormorants likewise 9 _! habits & mode ( life4 ,! ,d>t]s are *>act]is$ by ! extraord9>y elongation ( _! bodies2 ! ?9ness ( _! snake-l necks2 _! small head & /raight1 sl5d]1 acutely-po9t$ beak1 ! cutt+ edges ( :i* t[>ds ! apex are f9ely too!d4 ,! legs are %ort1 ?ick1 /rong1 & plac$ v f> backw>ds2 ! feet are provid$ ) long toes4 ,! w+s are long1 b r\nd$ at _! apices1 _! ?ird quill be+ ! longe/4 ,! tail is long1 & consi/s ( twelve quill-fea!rs1 ea* ( :i* becomes consid]ably increas$ 9 bread? t[>ds its extremity4 ,! g5]al plumage is h&some1 & brightly col\r$1 ! fea!rs ^u ! upp] surface be+ mu* elongat$1 :ile ^? on ! "u side ( ! body are s lax z to resemble fur4 ,9 _! int]nal /ructure1 z we le>n f ,audubon's dissections1 ^! birds pres5t all ! anatomical peculi>ities ( ! ,cormorants1 ! mo/ consid]able diff]5ces be+ ! smallness & sl5d]ness ( ! skull & ! /ructure ( ! c]vical v]tebr1 :i*1 f _! great elongation1 rem9d u ( ^? ( ! ,h]ons4 ,at ! pres5t "t we are acqua9t$ ) f\r di/9ct species ( ,snake-necks1 :i* belong respectively to ,am]ica1 ,africa1 ,s\!rn ,asia1 & ,new ,holl&2 ^! diff] consid]ably among/ !mselves1 n only 9 %ape & col\r1 b also 9 _! mode ( life4 ,,! ,,anh+a4 ,! ,,anh+a 7,plotus ,anh+a7 has ! head1 neck1 & all ! "u side ( ! body velvet-black1 %ad$ ) gre51 ! top ( ! head & =ehead be+ slightly speckl$ ) greyi% br[n4 ,! upp] back & upp] surface ( ! w+ are m>k$ ) pat*es ( a light] col\r4 ,! %\ld] & h9d] w+-cov]s are longitud9ally /reak$ ) :ite1 ! quills & tail-fea!rs are black1 ! latt] %ad+ into greyi% br[n t[>ds _! apices4 ,! eye is bright orange-r$1 or 9 "s cases dirty orange-yell[2 ! inn] side ( ! leg is d+y yell[i% br[n1 its ext]nal surface dirty greyi% br[n4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is ?irty-five in*es1 bread? =ty-five in*es2 l5g? ( w+ ?irte5 in*es1 l5g? ( tail1 t5 in*es4 ,9 ! female ! head1 h9d] neck1 & back are ( a grey-br[n1 ! "u surface is tawny1 & ! belly br[ni% black4 ,bo? ! pres5t species1 & ^? inhabit+ ,s\? ,asia & ,au/ralia live1 if n exclusively1 at lea/ pref]ably1 9 fre% wat]4 ,ts*udi1 inde$1 ass]ts t ! ,anh+a has at times be5 met ) on ! op5 sea fi%+ 9 company ) tw5ty or ?irty o!rs1 b we are v d\btful z to ! correctness ( ?is /atem5t4 ,9 remote di/ricts1 seldom visit$ by man1 ^! birds ev9ce s little %yness1 t x is n difficult to procure specim5s2 all t is requisite is to f9d out ! trees ^u :i* !y sleep & t[>ds ev5+ to take up a position 9 ! vic9ity & pati5tly await _! com+4 ,:5 "o ( !m is %ot1 all ! survivors tumble1 z if dead1 into ! wat] bel[1 :]e !y imm$iately dive1 & :5 !y come up aga91 only %[ _! necks above ! surface2 moreov] !y g5]ally ensconce !mselves among ! float+ we$s1 :]e !y are hidd5 f obs]vation4 ,! ,pr9ce von ,wi$1 :5 travell+ 9 ,brazil1 tri$ to %oot ,anh+as f a boat1 lay+ himself d[n at ! bottom1 & all[+ x to float ) ! /ream until he came close to "s ( !m1 at :i* he in/antly fir$2 he f\nd1 h[ev]1 t x 0 easi] to wa/e 8 %ot ?an to kill ! birds1 z _! bodies 7 completely hidd5 9 ! wat]1 & to hit _! sl5d] necks be=e !y c\ld be )drawn 0 a v diff]5t matt]4 ,dr4 ,ba*mann gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( two ,snake ,birds :i* he br\ght home & kept ) a view to tam+ !m3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,le ,,vaillant',s ,,snake ,,bird1 ,,or ,,d>t] 7,plotus ,levaillantii74 ,:ile ^! two birds1 he says1 7 yet 9 ! same cage1 x 0 curi\s inde$ to see ! small] "o1 :5 hungry1 incessantly try+ to =ce its bill into ! m\? & ?roat ( ! o!r1 :i*1 aft] be+ ?us teas$ = a %ort "t1 w\ld op5 its m\?1 to suff] ! little "o to ?ru/ its :ole head d[n ! ?roat ( its bro!r1 f :i* x w\ld receive ! fi% :i* ! latt] _h swall[$4 ,9 ?is s+ul> mann] did ! l>g] bird--:i* aft] a:ile prov$ to be a male--cont9ue to act z ! fo/]-p>5t ( 8 weak] si/]1 :i* inde$ seem$ to be ?r[n on 8 protection4 ,! "o /ill 9 my possession is f$ on fi%1 :i* x picks up1 tosses a few times 9 ! air1 & swall[s at ! fir/ conv5i5t opportunity--t is1 :5 ! fi% falls t[>ds its m\? head-=emo/4 ,at ! outset1 :5 ! fi% 0 l>ge1 ,i _h x cut into pieces1 ?9k+ t ! app>5t sl5d]ness ( ! bird's neck c\ld n exp& en\gh to swall[ x :ole2 b ,i soon asc]ta9$ t ?is 0 n necess>y4 ,fi% ?ree times ! size ( ! neck 7 toss$ up1 seiz$ by ! exp&$ jaws & gobbl$ at once1 & imm$iately aft]1 ! bird w\ld come to my feet1 click+ its bill 9 su* an unequivocal mann] t ,i nev] fail$ to give x m4 ,my pet 0 tame f ! beg9n+ ( its captivity1 & foll[$ me ab\t ! h\se & g>d5 until x became q tr\blesome f its atta*m5t to me4 ,x 0 n until ! bird 0 fully fl$g$ t ,i f\nd x will+ or anxi\s to g into ! wat]2 & !n :5ev] x saw me g t[>ds ! pond1 x accompani$ me z f> z ! gate ( ! g>d51 seem+ to say1 ',pray let me g4' ,on my op5+ ! gate1 x at once foll[$ me1 waddl+ l a ,duck2 & no soon] 0 x 9 sight ( its fav\rite elem5t ?an x imm$iately let itself 91 n ) a plunge1 b by dropp+ f a plank into ! /ream1 :]e = a:ile x w\ld swim l a ,duck1 !n dipp+ its long neck1 x w\ld dive = ! purpose ( procur+ fi%4 ,! wat] 0 cle> en\gh to enable me to see all its movem5ts2 & aft] _m devi\s w9d+s1 x w\ld em]ge at ! di/ance ( =ty or fifty y>ds4 ,?is bird sleeps 9 ! op5 air dur+ w>m nights1 p]*$ on ! highe/ b> ( ! f5ce1 ) its head "u its w+s1 & 9 ra9y wea!r x (t5 sits 9 ! same position = ne>ly ! :ole day4 ,x appe>s to be v susceptible ( cold1 retreat+ to ! kit*5 & ne> ! fire1 battl+ ) ! cook or ! dogs = ! mo/ com=table place on ! he>?4 ,:5ev] ! sun %9es1 x spreads its w+s & tail1 ru/les its fea!rs1 & seems delight$ ) our w>me/ sunny days4 ,:5 walk+1 & occasionally hopp+1 x does n support itself by ! tail z ,cormorants sometimes d4 ,:5 fi%es are pres5t$ to x1 x seizes & swall[s !m gre$ily2 b :5 ^! _c be procur$1 we are =c$ to fe$ x on meat1 :5 x op5s its m\? & receives ! food plac$ 9 x4 ,occasionally x has sp5t sev]al days )\t any food2 b 9 ^? cases ! bird became v tr\blesome1 h>ass+ all ar\nd by its incessant croak+s1 & giv+ bl[s to ! s]vants1 z if to rem9d !m ( _! neglect4 ,,le ,,vaillant',s ,,snake ,,bird4 ,,le ,,vaillant',s ,,snake ,,bird 7,plotus ,levaillantii71 l ! prec$+ species1 is black ^u ! "u side ( ! body1 ! neck is ru/-r$1 a /ripe beg9n+ at ! eye1 & ext5d+ d[n ! sides ( ! neck is blacki% br[n1 & ano!r bel[ ?is :ite4 ,! plumage on ! back is nut-br[n1 ! long fea!rs are silv]y :ite2 ! w+s & tail are black1 ! latt] becom+ some:at light] t[>ds its extremity4 ,! eye is copp]-col\r1 & ! b>e sk9 on ! head yell[i% gre52 ! beak is grey1 & foot gre5i% blue4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is ?irty-?ree in*es1 & its bread? =ty-"o in*es & a half2 ! w+ measures ?irte5 in*es & tail n9e in*es & a half4 ,! female resembles h] mate1 b is n s brightly col\r$4 ,le ,vaillant's ,snake ,bird inhabits ,africa1 :]e x is to be met ) on suitable %eets ( wat] f #ae nor? latitude to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,cormorants ,,prop] 7,phalacrocorax7 diff] f ! ,snake ,birds pr9cipally 9 _! m bulky %ape & 9 ! con/ruction ( _! bill4 ,_! beak1 :i* is ( mod]ate l5g?1 is compress$ at ! sides1 r\nd$ above1 furr[$ at ! sides ( ! upp] m&ible1 b5t d[nw>ds & /rongly hook$ at its tip4 ,! legs are /rong1 & w+s %ort1 ) ! ?ird quill long] ?an ! re/4 ,! tail consi/s ( twelve fea!rs1 & is %ort] ?an t ( ! ,d>t]s4 ,! ,cormorants are met ) f ! middle ( ,norway to ! s\? ( ,europe1 & dur+ ! w9t] resort 9 c\ntless multitudes to ,africa4 ,!y are also v abundant 9 ,c5tral ,asia & ,nor? ,am]ica1 :5ce !y w&] z f> z ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! habitat ( ^! birds is ei!r ! sea or fre% wat]1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,!y frequ5tly resort to l>ge riv]s or lakes ?ickly skirt$ ) trees1 & sometimes make _! appe>ance 9 inhabit$ di/ricts1 f :i* x is difficult to drive !m away4 ,an in/ance is ev5 record$ 9 :i* !y took up _! qu>t]s 9 ! c5tre ( a t[n1 select+ ! *ur* t[] = _! citadel4 ,!y visit ! sea 9 great numb]s1 & !re seem to pref] c]ta9 localities1 g5]ally select+ a situation :]e ! coa/ is b little accessible or :]e !re are long reefs & ridges ( rock4 ,!y are v abundant on ! coa/ ( ,sc&9avia1 z also 9 ,icel&1 ! ,f>oe ,isl&s1 ! ,hebrides1 ,orkneys1 & o!r simil> localities :]e !y are little di/urb$ by mank9d4 ,dur+ ! w9t] season !y are met ) 9 equal abundance 9 m s\!rn di/ricts4 ,9 ,greece !y may be se5 9 great numb]s f "o ye>'s end to ano!r1 bo? ^u ! l>ge lakes & 9 ! sea4 ,9 ,egypt1 !y cov] ! lakes ne> ! %ore1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 :5ce !y e morn+ fly out to sea 9 c\ntless multitudes1 return+ 9 ! ev5+4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,*9a & 9 ,india !y are equally num]\s4 ,inde$1 x may be said t !y are met ) 9 e locality :]e wat] & fi%es are to be _h4 ,9 _! habits & mode ( life ! ,cormorants pres5t _m peculi>ities4 ,!y are v sociable1 & g5]ally keep toge!r 9 flights t are m or less num]\s4 ,x is a r>e occurr5ce to see "o ( !m alone4 ,dur+ ! morn+ !y are always indefatigably employ$ 9 fi%+2 ab\t noon !y betake !mselves to repose1 & dige/ _! food2 t[>ds ev5+ !y are aga9 busy fi%+1 & aft]w>ds !y resort to ! places :]e !y sleep4 ,^! are g5]ally l(ty trees1 gr[+ at "s little di/ance inl& ^u isl&s 9 riv]s or lakes1 ! same ^u :i* !y subsequ5tly build _! ne/s2 !y are g5]ally su* z af=d !m an ext5sive prospect 9 e direction1 & all[ !m to fly away & return ) facility4 ,! isl&s ?us frequ5t$ are easily recognisable at a di/ance by ! ?ick cov]+ ( nasc5t guano by :i* ! gr\nd is ev]y:]e hidd52 inde$1 !y w\ld soon lit]ally become b$s ( t mat]ial _h x a ,p]uvian sun to dry1 or z ,s*effel says1 purify x4 ,simil> deposits are likewise to be se5 on isl&s 9 ! sea1 :i* seldom fail to arre/ ! att5tion ( ! pass+ m>9]4 ,_! hi/ory1 h[ev]1 is q intelligible1 & _! appe>ance rem>kable :5 !y are d5sely cov]$ ) ,cormorants1 sitt+ 9 close ranks l regim5ts ( soldi]s1 ti] above ti]1 all turn$ 9 ! same direction ) _! faces t[>ds ! sea2 ?us pres5t+ a /rangely picturesque sc5e1 = al?\gh !y are /ation>y1 !y are by no means motionless2 ea* ( !m is con/antly mov+ its head1 spread+ its tail1 or /ret*+ out its w+s1 s z to give an appe>ance ( animation to ! :ole assemblage4 ,= a s+le individual among !m to remove f ! place :]e x /&s )\t fly+ away altoge!r is an impossibility1 s d5sely are !y cr[d$ toge!r4 ,x is ass]t$ by "s t ^! birds c only walk :ile propp+ !mselves up ) _! tails2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n correct2 _! walk1 x is true1 is b a clumsy waddle1 /ill x enables !m to get ov] ! gr\nd ) tol]able quickness4 ,^u ! bran*es ( trees ! ,cormorants are mu* m at home ?an on level gr\nd2 nev]!less1 l ! ,snake-necks x is only :5 swimm+ or div+ 9 ! wat] t !y %[ _! real capabilities4 ,%\ld a boat approa* ! rock ^u :i* hundr$s ( !m h tak5 _! /ation1 !y fir/ beg9 to %[ symptoms ( uneas9ess by /ret*+ out _! necks & mov+ _! heads2 !y !n beg9 a sort ( re/less %uffl+ backw>ds & =w>ds1 & ultimately !y take flight2 a few ( ! assembl$ multitude rise into ! air1 fly+ at fir/ ) flutt]+ w+s1 b !y soon sweep away1 glid+ /raight =w>d to a consid]able di/ance1 or rise upw>ds 9 circles high into ! air2 ! majority ( !m1 h[ev]1 spr+ at once into ! sea1 l s _m frogs4 ,"h !y in/antly dive1 & :5 !y come up aga9 may be se5 a consid]able di/ance (f1 pe]+ at ! boat ) _! little gre5 eyes & ready to dive aga91 9 an in/ant1 %\ld !y ?9k su* a c\rse conducive to _! safety4 ,! ,d>t]s unque/ionably swim & dive m dext]\sly1 b x is que/ionable :e!r any o!r birds c excel ! ,cormorants 9 ?is respect4 ,!y progress s rapidly "u ! wat]1 t a boat mann$ ) /rong r[]s is unable to ov]take !m2 !y dive likewise n only to a great di/ance1 b to a consid]able dep?1 & :5 !y come up1 !y simply take brea? & at once dive aga94 ,:5 *as+ _! prey b5ea? ! surface !y /ret* _! bodies q /raight1 & by p[]ful /rokes ( _! feet1 d>t ?r\gh ! wat] ) arr[-l swiftness4 ,t ^! birds possess a good deal ( intellig5ce is prov$ by ! fact t 9 ,*9a great numb]s ( tame ,cormorants are taught to cat* fi% = ! b5efit ( _! own]s4 ,=tune 0 in=m$ by "o ( ^! ,*9ese fi%]m5 t ! birds s employ$ are kept 9 a /ate ( captivity f ! mom5t ( _! bir?1 & t ! eggs f :i* !y are obta9$ are incubat$ by b>n-door f[ls4 ,:5 old en\gh !y are tak5 to ! wat]-side1 & !re c>efully taught to obey _! ma/]'s comm&s1 & to br+ to him ! fi%es t !y procure4 ,^u inl& wat]s ! pres5ce ( ,cormorants is a v s]i\s matt]1 see+ t !y de/roy ! fi% 9 incr$ible quantities4 ,_! voracity is almo/ beyond belief2 a s+le ,cormorant1 :5 x c get !m1 w eat z _m fi%es z a ,pelican4 ,al?\gh ,cormorants g5]ally pref] to build _! ne/s ^u trees1 :5 ^! are n to be f\nd !y cont5t !mselves ) cavities & projections among rocks or places ( a simil> description4 ,9 inl& situations1 or :]e ! woods come d[n almo/ to ! sea1 !y (t5 make _! appe>ance 9 rook]ies & h]onries1 & aft] expell+ ! ,rooks ) little tr\ble1 & ! ,h]ons aft] long-conte/$ battles1 proce$ to take possession ( _! ne/s1 to :i* !y add a few mat]ials ( _! own selection1 & at once beg9 to lay _! eggs4 ,%\ld !y rema9 9 undi/urb$ possession ( ! invad$ locality = a ye> or two1 !y are only to be got rid ( ) ! greate/ difficulty4 ,9 ! ye> #ahab1 says ,naumann1 f\r pairs ( ,cormorants made _! appe>ance 9 ,lutz5burg1 n f> f ! sea-coa/1 & built _! ne/s 9 a wood ^u a v high bee*-tree1 :i* _h be5 = sev]al ye>s ! resort ( ,rooks & ,h]ons4 ,aft] driv+ away ! ,h]ons1 ^: ne/s !y took possession (1 !y ea* proce$$ to re> two broods1 "o 9 ,may1 ! o!r 9 ,july1 & :5 !y left ! place ab\t ! end ( autumn1 !y numb]$ ab\t ?irty individuals4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! foll[+ ye>1 ^! repeat$ _! visit1 & cont9u$ to return e ye> 9 /ill increas+ numb]s1 until x 0 e/imat$ t !re 7 at lea/ #g1jjj brood+ pairs assembl$ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,boje c\nt$ fifty ( _! ne/s 9 a s+le tree1 ! multitudes ( !m con/antly fly+ to ! sea & return+ aga9 seem$ to fill ! air1 & ! noise !y made 0 positively deaf5+2 ! trees ^u :i* !y assembl$ 7 :ite ) fil?1 & ! :ole place /ank 9 consequ5ce ( ! quantities ( putrid fi%es fall5 f _! ne/s4 ,x 0 only aft] sev]al ye>s ( unabat$ ex]tion t !y 7 at l5g? de/roy$ or driv5 away4 ,! ,cormorants g5]ally make _! appe>ance 9 _! bre$+-places 9 ,april1 & set ab\t prep>+ _! ne/s ) great zeal4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon?1 !y lay ?ree or f\r n>r[ eggs1 ( a bluei% gre5 col\r1 b g5]ally incru/$ ) calc>e\s deposit4 ,! two sexes sit by turns = ab\t f\r weeks1 & :5 ! "y are hat*$ fe$ !m ) indefatigable p]sev]ance4 ,be+ ?us abundantly provid$ =1 ! ne/l+s gr[ rapidly2 ! old birds behave v affectionately t[>ds _! prog5y1 b :5 dang] ?reat5s w n /ay to def5d !m1 at lea/ f _! human enemies4 ,:5ev] ! old birds visit _! ne/s1 !y are lit]ally full to ! ?roat ) ! food t !y h procur$2 ea* ( !m disgorges on ! bord]s ( ! ne/ sev]al doz5s ( small fi%es1 :i* are imm$iately appropriat$ by ! hungry occupants4 ,_m1 h[ev]1 fall ^u ! gr\nd1 & z no ,cormorant ?9ks x wor? :ile to pick !m up1 !y are left to ta9t ! atmosph]e4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,june ! "y birds fly away1 & ! old ones beg9 to re> a second brood4 ,! *ase aft] ,cormorants is a v fav\rite amusem5t ) ! zeal\s sportsman1 al?\gh ! birds :5 kill$ are ( no use :atev]4 ,_! wat*fulness & cunn+ :5 !y are at l>ge are calculat$ to te/ 8 utmo/ p]sev]ance & caution4 ,ne> ! trees :]e !y build _! ne/s1 h[ev]1 !y are v mu* m easily de/roy$1 & /ill m readily 9 _! eyries2 _! de/ruction1 inde$1 is s simple t x becomes almo/ a matt] ( necessity4 ,b "h ! sport loses its *>ms1 & ! battues t are organis$ aga9/ !m assume v mu* ! appe>ance ( a massacre2 e "o :o c procure a gun ha/5s to ! sc5e ( action1 & multitudes ( ! birds are annually slaught]$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! fle% ( ! ,cormorant is reg>d$ z uneatable2 ! ,lapl&]s1 h[ev]1 & also ! ,arabs1 are ( a v diff]5t op9ion1 & consid] x1 on acc\nt ( its fatness1 to be an especially da9ty k9d ( food4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax c>bo74 ,,"o-,,fif? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,common ,,cormorant4 ,! ,,common ,,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax c>bo7 is f ?irty-five to ?irty-sev5 in*es long1 & f sixty to sixty-f\r broad4 ,! l5g? ( w+ is f\rte5 to fifte5 in*es1 & ( tail six & a half to sev5 in*es4 ,! plumage on ! top ( head1 neck1 brea/1 belly1 & rump is ( a glossy blacki% gre51 ) a slight metallic lu/re4 ,! =e "p ( ! back & upp] surface ( ! w+s br[n ) a bronze %ade4 ,ow+ to ! d>k m>g9s ( ! fea!rs1 ^! p>ts h ! appe>ance ( be+ imbricat$3 quills & tail-fea!rs black2 a :ite pat* comm5c+ beh9d ! eye surr\nds ! ?roat4 ,! eye is sea-gre52 beak black1 ) yell[i% base2 ! b>e sk9 on neck & face is yell[2 & foot black4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ! ,cormorants1 m especially ! males1 h delicate :ite fea!rs on ! head2 ^!1 h[ev]1 soon disappe>4 ,! "y are m or less grey2 ! upp] p>ts ( ! body be+ d>k1 ) ! imbricat$ appe>ance above allud$ to2 ! "u side is yell[i% or light grey4 ,?is species is commonly f\nd on all ! rocky p>ts ( ! ,briti% coa/4 ,! ne/s are plac$ on high cliffs1 _m birds congregat+ toge!r & liv+ h>moni\sly4 ,! ne/ is l>ge1 & compos$ ( /icks & a mass ( co>se grass & seawe$1 sometimes a foot high4 ,! r\gh oblong eggs are f f\r to six 9 numb]1 ( a *alky :ite & pale blue col\r4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days aft] hat*+1 ! "y are able to take to ! wat]4 ,^! birds1 says ,y>rell1 are frequ5tly se5 sitt+ on po/s1 rails1 or leafless trees by ! wat]-side1 :51 if a fi% %\ld move on ! surface )9 _! sight1 x is p\nc$ ^u & caught to a c]ta9ty4 ,an eel is a fav\rite morsel ) him1 & a ,cormorant has be5 se5 to pick up an eel f ! mud1 return to ! rail he 0 previ\sly sitt+ ^u1 /rike ! eel ?ree or f\r h>d bl[s aga9/ ! rail1 toss x up into ! air1 &1 cat*+ x by ! head 9 its fall1 swall[ x 9 an in/ant4 ,9 ,*9a ! bridges across ! ,m91 at ,fuh*au1 may (t5 be se5 cr[d$ ) m5 view+ ! feats ( ! tame fi%+ ,cormorants4 ,^! birds look at a di/ance ab\t ! size ( a ,goose1 & are ( a d>k dirty col\r4 ,! fi%]man :o has *>ge ( !m /&s ^u a raft1 ab\t two feet & a half wide & fifte5 or tw5ty feet long1 made out ( five l>ge bamboos ( simil> size & %ape1 firmly fa/5$ toge!r4 ,x is v light1 & is propell$ by a paddle4 ,a basket is plac$ on x to conta9 ! fi% :5 caught4 ,ea* raft has ?ree or f\r ,cormorants connect$ ) x4 ,:5 n fi%+ !y cr\* d[n /upidly on ! raft4 ,! fi%]man1 :5 he wi%es to make a ,cormorant fi%1 pu%es or ?r[s x (f ! raft into ! wat]4 ,if x is n dispos$ at once to dive & seek = fi%1 he beats ! wat] ) 8 paddle1 or sometimes /rikes ! bird1 s t x is glad to dive & get out ( 8 rea*4 ,:5 x has caught a fi% x rises to ! surface1 hold+ x 9 its m\?1 & app>5tly /riv+ to swall[ x4 ,a /r+ ti$ loosely ar\nd its neck or a metallic r+ effectually prev5ts swall[+1 except p]haps 9 ! case ( v small fi%4 ,x usually swims directly = ! raft4 ,! fi%]man on see+ ! prize paddles t[>ds x ) all spe$1 le/ x %\ld escape f ! bird4 ,sometimes ! fi% is a l>ge "o1 & !re is evid5tly a /ruggle betwe5 x & ! ,cormorant4 ,! fi%]man1 :5 ne> en\gh1 dext]\sly passes a net-l bag1 fa/5$ to ! end ( a pole1 ov] ! two1 & draws !m bo? on ! raft4 ,he !n =ces ! fi% f ! grasp ( ! bird1 &1 z if to rew>d ! latt] = its clev]ness & success1 gives x a m\?ful ( food1 :i* x is enabl$ to swall[ on 8 rais+ ! r+ f ! l[] "p ( its neck4 ,! bird1 if app>5tly tir$ out1 is all[$ to re/ a:ile on ! raft1 & !n x is pu%$ (f aga9 into ! wat] & made to dive & hunt = fi% z be=e4 ,sometimes ! ,cormorant1 f imp]fect tra9+1 swims away f ! raft ) ! fi% x has caught4 ,9 su* a case ! fi%]man pursues & spe$ily ov]takes ! truant4 ,sometimes1 x is report$1 two or ?ree ,cormorants assi/ 9 secur+ a l>ge & p[]ful fi%1 & occasionally two qu>rel toge!r = ! fi% "o has tak51 or "o pursues ! o!r = ! fi% 9 its m\?4 ,at su* times ! int]e/ ( ! spectators on ! bridge increases to noisy %\t+4 ,! bird is provid$ ) a sort ( p\* or l>ge ?roat1 9 :i* ! small fi% are entirely conceal$1 :ile ! head or tail ( ! l>g] fi% protrudes f its m\?4 ,x is only at or ne> full tide t ^! birds are successful 9 cat*+ fi% "u & ne> ! bridges1 z !n ! wat] is deep & comp>atively /ill1 & ! fi% seem to ab\nd 9 ! vic9ity m ?an at l[-tide4 ,at su* times !re are frequ5tly sev]al rafts ) ,cormorants fi%+ ne> ! bridges4 ,! skill ( ! fi%]man 9 propell+ 8 craft1 & ! success ( ! bird 9 cat*+ ! fi% are atte/$ by ! delight$ curiosity & animat$ int]e/ ( ! spectators4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,pelicans 7,pelecani71 ! l>ge/ & mo/ /rik+ memb]s ( ?is ord]1 are at once recognisable by _! enorm\s beak1 furni%$ und]nea? ) a capaci\s bag1 & /rongly hook$ at its extremity4 ,! upp] m&ible1 :i* is rem>kably depress$ f its orig9 to its apex1 is mod]ately broad1 & r\nd$ at ! po9t2 ! culm5 =ms a conspicu\s keel1 runn+ along ! entire l5g? ( ! upp] jaw1 & at its t]m9ation b5ds d[n to =m ! /rong claw-l hook at ! extremity4 ,! l[] m&ible is exce$+ly weak & sl5d]1 consi/+ ( two long lat]al bran*es1 only jo9$ to ea* o!r t[>ds ! apex1 & enclos+ betwe5 !m a v capaci\s bag1 =m$ by a dilatable expansion ( ! ?roat4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! above mo/ *>act]i/ic features1 ! re/ ( ! /ructure ( ! bird is to ! orni?ologi/ ( second>y importance2 x is1 h[ev]1 v peculi>4 ,! body is l>ge & cyl9drical1 ! neck long & sl5d]2 ! feet are small1 toes long1 & connect$ by a broad web4 ,9 ! l>ge broad w+1 ! ?ird quill exce$s ! re/ 9 l5g?2 ! tail1 :i* is %ort1 broad1 & r\nd$1 consi/s ( tw5ty or tw5ty-f\r fea!rs4 ,! plumage is ?ick1 b rem>kably h>d & /iff2 besides ! almo/ nak$ sac b5ea? ! ?roat1 !re is a consid]able space ar\nd ! eye completely d5ud$ ( fea!rs4 ,! two sexes resemble ea* o!r v closely1 b consid]able diff]5ces s]ve to di/+ui% ! old birds f ! "y4 ,pelicans inhabit ! torrid regions ( ! e>?1 b are also f\nd to a consid]able di/ance )9 ! limits ( ! temp]ate zone4 ,9 _! habits & mode ( life1 ! diff]5t gr\ps ne>ly resemble ea* o!r1 & we %all !re=e conf9e ourselves to a description ( two species met ) 9 ,europe4 ,none b ^? :o h travell$ 9 ,egypt & ,nor? ,africa c =m any idea ( ! va/ numb]s ( fi%-eat+ birds t !re cr[d ! %ores ( e lake & riv]4 ,^u all ! ,egyptian lakes along ! c\rse ( ! ,nile1 dur+ ! p]iod ( its inundation1 & /ill fur!r to ! s\?1 along ! banks ( ! ,blue & ,:ite ,nile1 z well z on ! %ores ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 ,pelicans occur 9 su* imm5se flocks t ! eye is unable ev5 to e/imate _! ext5t4 ,ov] a consid]able surface ( c\ntry !y lit]ally cov] ! qu>t]1 or ! half1 ( e squ>e mile4 ,:5 !y are swimm+ out ^u ! lakes1 !y look l imm5se b$s ( wat]-lilies4 ,:5 !y come out ( ! wat] to sit ^u ! %ore1 m especially if x be ^u "o ( ! isl&s1 & sit 9 ! sun%9e pre5+ _! fea!rs1 !y look at a di/ance l a va/ :ite wall1 & :5 !y retire to sleep1 all ! trees ^u ! isl& are s ?ickly cov]$ ) !m t !y h ! appe>ance ( blossoms )\t a s+le gre5 leaf4 ,to meet a small flock ( ab\t t5 or a doz5 is an unusual occurr5ce1 b to see hundr$s or ?\s&s toge!r is a v ord9>y spectacle4 ,z ! spr+ approa*es1 ^! enorm\s ho/s are 9 "s measure brok5 up4 ,_m :i* dur+ ! w9t] season congregat$ toge!r make _! way to ,s\!rn ,europe1 :]e !y bre$1 b numb]s ( !m are left beh9d4 ,9 select+ ! place ( _! soj\rn1 ^! birds seem to make no diff]5ce betwe5 salt wat] & fre%2 !y frequ5t bo? 9 almo/ equal numb]s1 b ! dep? ( ! wat] is to !m a matt] ( consid]able importance4 ,only a s+le ,am]ican species obta9s its food by div+1 ! o!rs are altoge!r too lightly built to r5d] su* a mode ( fi%+ practicable4 ,!y lie ^u ! surface ( ! wat] z if !y 7 made ( cork1 & x is only 9 %all[ wat]1 to ! bottom ( :i* !y c rea* ) _! long neck & hook$ bill1 t !y usually fi% = food4 ,= ?is purpose !y assemble toge!r 9 "s place :]e wat] is ( ! prop] dep?1 arrang+ !mselves ) consid]able regul>ity1 s z to enclose a l>ge space1 :i* z !y advance =w>d is gradually dim9i%$4 ,9 l>ge lakes & %all[s by ! sea-%ore !y arrange !mselves 9 a semicircle1 & r[ !mselves gradually t[>ds ! bea*1 or else !y =m a complete circle1 ! diamet] ( :i* dim9i%es z !y advance t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,9 n>r[ riv]s or canals !y divide into two p>ties1 & arrange !mselves 9 close ranks fac+ ea* o!r1 ?us enclos+ a space 9 :i* _! prey is to be procur$1 z ! two l9es swim 9 opposite directions until !y meet4 ,9 g5]al ^! birds fe$ only on fi%es1 b n unfrequ5tly !y cat* o!r v]tebrate animals4 ,"y birds1 = example1 t happ5 to approa* !m too closely are seiz$ & swall[$1 & ev5 half-gr[n ,ducks occasionally disappe> d[n _! capaci\s ?roats 9 an equally unc]emoni\s mann]4 ,:5 on dry l& ! gait ( ^! birds is sl[ & waddl+1 nev]!less !y c sc>cely be said to walk badly1 & not)/&+ _! webb$ feet1 !y readily p]* ^u trees2 !y swim well1 & _! p[]s ( flight are excell5t4 ,! daily life ( ! ,pelicans is conduct$ 9 a v regul> mann]2 ! e>ly h\rs ( morn+ are employ$ 9 cat*+ food1 & !y may !n be se5 ha/5+ f all qu>t]s to _! fi%+-gr\nd1 9 small or l>ge p>ties1 ! =m] fly+ 9 s+le file1 ! latt] 9 ! well-kn[n ,v-%ape adopt$ by _m birds ( passage4 ,"s p>ties may soon be se5 return+ f ! wat]1 satisfi$ ) _! meal1 :ile o!rs are mak+ _! way t[>ds ! %all[ bay f :i* _! breakfa/ has to be procur$4 ,t[>ds t5 o'clock a4m4 !y beg9 to congregate ^u _! fav\rite s&bank1 or an inl& gr\p ( trees1 & "h !y repose aft] _! toil1 "s lazily dige/+ _! food1 & o!rs m actively employ$ 9 oil+ & pre5+ _! fea!rs1 a proce$+ 9 :i* !y are occupi$ = a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 _! long unmanageable bill be+ b little adapt$ to ! "w4 ,:5 ?is is accompli%$1 !y take a k9d ( sie/a1 "s p]*$ on trees1 o!rs on ! gr\nd1 ! =m] g5]ally sitt+ bolt upright ^u ! bran*es1 ) _! necks ?r[n back1 & _! beak re/+ on _! brea/s1 :ile ! latt] g5]ally lie flat on _! bellies1 & doze away ! noontide h\rs4 ,betwe5 ?ree & f\r o'clock ! :ole assembly beg9s to wake up & prep>e = ano!r fi%+ excursion1 9 :i* !y are engag$ till sunset1 aft] :i* !y at once set (f to _! sleep+-places1 situat$ on a lonely s&bank1 or "s isl& cov]$ ) trees1 ^u ! bran*es ( :i* !y pass ! night4 ,z to ! bre$+ ( ^! birds1 we h be5 able to collect little f p]sonal obs]vation2 x appe>s1 h[ev]1 by no means unlikely t 9 ! int]ior ( ,africa "s ( !m may build _! ne/s 9 ! trees1 to :i* !y s frequ5tly resort4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 z ,von d] ,muhle in=ms u1 !y select morasses & lakes = _! bre$+-places4 ,9 "s ( ^! lakes1 says our in=mant1 float+ isl&s are to be met )1 :i* are only approa*able ) great difficulty1 & ^u ^! !y build _! rudely-con/ruct$ ne/s1 z close to ea* z o!r !y c well be plac$4 ,! ne/s !mselves are con/ruct$ ( re$s & s$ges1 trodd5 toge!r into a mass1 & are g5]ally damp or ev5 wet4 ,! :ole neighb\rhood is cov]$ ) _! fil?1 ! /5* ( :i*1 add$ to t ( ! putrid fi%es1 :i* are ev]y:]e /rewn ab\t1 is at ?is hot season ( ! ye>1 absolutely unbe>able4 ,/rangely en\gh !y d n all bre$ at ! same "t1 = brood+ females are (t5 sitt+ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( fl$g$ "y birds2 inde$1 ,freyb]g1 :o has (t5 visit$ ^! bre$+-places1 in=ms u t 9 ! same ne/ he has se5 a ne>ly-fl$g$ "y "o1 & ano!r z yet only cov]$ ) d[n1 a circum/ance only to be expla9$ by suppos+ t two females _h laid _! eggs 9 ! same ne/4 ,! usual numb] ( eggs1 z we are told by ,bdeck]1 is f ?ree to five4 ,^? t h be5 obs]v$ 9 a /ate ( captivity h only laid two4 ,9 proportion to ! bird ! eggs are ( small size1 be+ n s l>ge z ^? ( a ,swan2 _! %ape is m or less elongat$1 ) bo? ends ( equal size1 _! col\r is bluei% :ite1 b _! ext]nal surface rema9s = "s "t s(t & pa/y1 & a lay] ( dirt1 :i* /icks to !m aft] !y h be5 sat ^u1 r5d]s x impossible to clean ! %ell4 ,! "y pres5t no?+ p>ticul> 9 _! appe>ance1 save t !y are disgu/+ly fil?y1 nev]!less1 _! p>5ts seem affectionately atta*$ to !m1 & w suff] !mselves to be captur$ r ?an des]t _! *>ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pelican 7,pelecanus onocrotalus74 ,,"o-,,sev5? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,pelican4 ,! ,,:ite ,,pelican 7,pelecanus onocrotalus71 ! commone/ & mo/ widely di/ribut$ species1 is "o ( ! l>ge/ memb]s ( ! natatorial ord]4 ,9 ?is bird ! g5]al col\r ( ! body is :ite slightly t+$ ) rose-r$2 ! prim>y quills be+ d>k br[n2 ! front ( brea/ is yell[1 ^u ! top ( ! head ! fea!rs are mu* elongat$1 s z to =m a long /ream+ cre/4 ,9 "y birds ! mantle is br[n m+l$ ) grey1 ! "u side d>k grey4 ,! eye is bright r$1 & ! b>e space ar\nd x yell[2 ! beak is grey speckl$ ) r$ & yell[2 ! bag b5ea? ! bill ve9$ ) yell[i% blue2 ! feet are bright fle%-r$4 ,?is species is f fifty-five to sixty-two in*es long1 & n9ety to "o hundr$ broad2 ! w+ measures ab\t tw5ty in*es2 & ! tail ab\t six in*es & a half4 ,! ,:ite ,pelican pr9cipally inhabits ! tropical climates ( ,africa & ,india1 b is also f\nd 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 on ! ext5sive lakes ( ,hung>y & ,russia1 & on ! ea/]n riv]s ( ,europe4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,europe x appe>s ab\t ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may1 return+ to its w9t] qu>t]s aft] ! bre$+ season4 ,occasionally ^! birds miss _! way & make _! appe>ance 9 ,g]many1 greatly to ! a/oni%m5t ( ! inhabitants ( ! di/ricts s visit$4 ,9 ,hung>y !y usually arrive 9 flocks ( "s f\r or six hundr$ individuals2 ^! imm$iately disp]se ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry = ! purpose ( bre$+2 aft] ! p]iod ( incubation !y aga9 assemble 9 flocks previ\s to tak+ _! dep>ture4 ,?is species subsi/s on all k9ds ( fi%1 :i* x cat*es ) facility1 & ) su* %>p-ey$ vigilance1 t n ev5 ! smalle/ escapes its obs]vation4 ,x is unable to dive1 & !re=e only se>*es = food 9 small & %all[ inlets ( riv]s4 ,x occasionally asc5ds to "s height 9 ! air1 & descry+ a fi% f on high1 d>ts ^u x ) un]r+ aim4 ,! ne/ is plac$ on ! gr\nd1 & is compos$ ( co>se grass1 l9$ ) a s(t] k9d4 ,! two eggs are :ite4 ,x c>efully t5ds its "y1 convey+ food to !m 9 ! s+ul> p\* :i*1 says ,%aw1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable app5dages t is f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( any animal4 ,?\gh x contracts ne>ly into ! holl[ ( ! jaws1 & ! sides are n 79 a quiesc5t /ate7 above an in* asund]1 x may be ext5d$ to an amaz+ capacity1 & :5 ! bird has fi%$ ) success1 its size is almo/ incr$ible2 x w conta9 a man's head ) ! greate/ ease4 ,9 fi%+1 ! ,pelican fills ?is bag1 & does n imm$iately swall[ 8 prey1 b :5 ?is is full1 he returns to ! %ore to dev\r at leisure ! fruits ( 8 indu/ry4 ,audubon gives ! foll[+ graphic acc\nt ( ! movem5ts ( an ,am]ican species1 ,p4 ,am]icanus1 :i* is n only v simil> 9 appe>ance1 b until rec5tly bore ! same specific "n z ! bird above describ$1 !reby creat+ consid]able confusion betwe5 x & ! ,:ite ,pelican ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e4 ,rang$ along ! m>g9s ( ! s& b> 9 brok5 array1 /& a hundr$ heavy-bodi$ ,pelicans1 plum+ !mselves1 & await+ ! return ( hung]4 ,%\ld "o *ance to gape1 all op5 _! l>ge & broad m&ibles1 yawn+ lazily & luxuri\sly4 ,b :5 ! r$ beams ( ! sett+ sun t+e ! tall tops ( ! =e/ trees1 ! birds rise clumsily on _! %ort legs1 & ha/ily waddle to ! wat] & plunge into ! /ream4 ,lightly !y float z !y m>%al !mselves & ext5d _! l9es2 & n[ _! broad1 paddle-l feet propel !m onw>ds4 ,9 yond] nook ! small fry are danc+ on ! quiet wat]4 ,?\s&s are !re1 & ! v mann] ( _! mir? mak+ ! wat] to sp>kle1 invites _! foes to advance4 ,& n[ ! ,pelicans at once spread out _! broad w+s1 press closely =w>d ) p[]ful /rokes ( _! feet1 drive ! little fi%es t[>ds ! %all[ %ore1 & !n1 ) _! enorm\s p\*es spread l s _m bag-nets1 scoop !m out & dev\r !m4 ,^! birds are altoge!r diurnal2 :5 gorg$1 !y retire to ! %ores ( small isl&s 9 bays & riv]s1 or sit on logs float+ 9 %all[ wat] at a good di/ance f ! bea*1 9 all :i* situations !y lie or /& close toge!r4 ,! ,:ite ,pelicans appe> to be almo/ inactive dur+ ! great] "p ( ! day1 fi%+ only aft] sunrise1 & aga9 an h\r be=e sunset1 ?\gh at times ! :ole flock w m\nt high 9 ! air1 & p]=m ext5d$ gyrations4 ,9 ! s\? ( ,europe ! *ase aft] ,pelicans is a fav\rite sport1 & by ! ,arabs _! fle% is consid]$ n unpalatable4 ,,! ,,great ,,tuft$ ,,or ,,dalmatian ,,pelican4 ,! ,,great ,,tuft$ or ,,dalmatian ,,pelican 7,pelecanus crispus7 is :ite1 slightly t+$ ) greyi% r$1 except ^u ! quills1 :i* are black4 ,9 ?is species1 ! head-fea!rs are long & curly1 =m+ a sort ( helmet4 ,! eye is silv]y :ite1 beak greyi% yell[1 bag b5ea? ! ?roat blood-r$ ve9$ ) blue1 & ! foot black4 ,! plumage ( ! "y is greyi%4 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is sixty-six in*es1 bread? "o hundr$ & f\rte5 in*es1 ! l5g? ( w+ ?irty in*es1 & tail eight in*es4 ,! habitat ( ! ,great ,tuft$ ,pelican ext5ds f ! ,black ,sea ov] all ! well-wat]$ di/ricts ( ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,asia2 a few p5etrate annually into ,s\? ,*9a & ,nor? ,africa1 b 9 bo? ^! regions !y are comp>atively ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,! fir/ example kn[n ( ?is bird 0 %ot 9 #ahbh 9 ,dalmatia by ,b>on ,fildegg1 & x has be5 s9ce f\nd by ,rppell & ,kittlitz 9 ,abyss9ia4 ,x arrives1 says ! b>on1 9 spr+ & autumn1 giv+ pref]5ce to ! neighb\rhood ( ,=t ,opus1 on ! riv] ,n>onta1 :i* is bord]$ ) morasses4 ,x comes ?r\gh ,bosnia1 seldom alone1 b g5]ally 9 flocks4 ,i h se5 z _m z twelve toge!r hunt+ = fi%4 ,x is v cunn+1 & is extremely difficult to %oot4 ,no p>ticul>s are kn[n respect+ its habits1 nidification1 c41 :i* are suppos$ to resemble o!rs ( its family4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,div]s 7,ur9atores74 ,,! birds belong+ to ?is ext5sive ord] are all aquatic1 & almo/ exclusively subsi/ on fi%es1 :i* !y capture by div+4 ,9 con=mity ) ?is mode ( life1 !y all pres5t a g5]al type ( /ructure :i* is unmi/akable4 ,_! bodies are p[]fully built1 almo/ cyl9drical 9 %ape1 & _! legs plac$ f> backw>ds4 ,_! w+s are %ort1 feeble1 & po9t$1 b little adapt$ to flight1 & 9 _m cases almo/ resembl+ f9s1 :ile _! d5se smoo? plumage1 :i* is imp5etrable to wat]1 admirably fits !m = a resid5ce 9 t elem5t4 ,_! beak is /rong1 h>d1 acutely po9t$1 & g5]ally compress$ at ! sides2 x is seldom mu* long] ?an ! head1 & its m>g9s are usually %>p & well adapt$ = cutt+4 ,! foot is furni%$ ei!r ) ?ree or f\r toes1 ( :i* ! ?ree 9 front are ei!r /rongly-webb$ or furni%$ ) lat]al expansions ( ! sk91 :i* r5d] !m effici5t in/rum5ts ( propulsion4 ,! tail is (t5 altoge!r want+1 or if pres5t is always %ort1 r\nd$1 & g5]ally =m$ ( m ?an twelve fea!rs4 ,!re is mu* simil>ity 9 ! coloration ( _! plumage1 9 :i* black & pure :ite pr$om9ate2 9 "s species1 h[ev]1 v>iety ( col\r is n want+4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ^! birds are all inhabitants ( ! sea2 nev]!less1 a few are to be met ) only 9 inl& lakes3 "s species h a v wide range 9 a great v>iety ( climates2 b ! majority pref] ! pol> regions ( ! _w1 bo? nor? & s\?1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 "s ( !m migrate at /at$ int]vals4 ,! great] "p ( _! lives is pass$ ^u ! surface ( ! wat]2 inde$1 x is only dur+ ! bre$+ season t !y come ^u dry l&4 ,al?\gh _m species fly ) tol]able facility1 9 mo/ in/ances ! w+s are too feeble to support ! weight ( _! bodies1 & are pr9cipally us$ almo/ l f9s1 to enable !m to progress m rapidly :5 div+ b5ea? ! surface ( ! wat]1 :]e !y obta9 ! fi%es & small cru/aceans t con/itute _! usual food4 ,a few div+ birds build _! ne/s solit>ily2 b by f> ! great] numb] congregate 9 innum]able ho/s1 & bre$ 9 company ) ea* o!r ^u rocks & isl&s t rise abruptly f ! sea4 ,! eggs are two 9 numb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,grebes 7,podicipites7 are only to be met ) 9 fre% wat]1 & accord+ly are class$ by "s naturali/s 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! ,coots1 to :i*1 z f> z relates to ! /ructure ( _! feet1 !y c]ta9ly be> a consid]able resemblance4 ,_! true position1 h[ev]1 we consid] to be und\bt$ly among ! ,div]s4 ,_! body is rem>kably broad & squat2 _! neck long & mod]ately sl5d]2 _! head small & elongat$2 _! beak long1 conical1 & compress$ at ! sides1 ) incurv$1 %>p cutt+ edges1 ! l[] m&ible be+ slightly ov]lapp$ by ! upp] "o4 ,! legs are plac$ s f> backw>d1 t !y seem to be atta*$ q to ! po/]ior extremity ( ! body1 & moreov] are ( v peculi> con=mation4 ,! t>si are ( mod]ate height1 & s mu* compress$ at ! sides t ! front ( ! in/ep pres5ts a %>p smoo? edge4 ,! /ructure ( ! foot is likewise rem>kable2 ( ! ?ree front toes1 ! ext]ior is z long or long] ?an ! middle toe1 :ile ! inn] toe is by f> ! %orte/ ( ! ?ree2 ! h9d] toe1 :i* is slightly elevat$1 is a m]e rudim5t4 ,! ?ree front toes are connect$ by a web z f> z ! fir/ jo9t1 b beyond ?is po9t !y are sep>at$1 al?\gh ea* is furni%$ on bo? sides ) a broad fold ( sk91 :i* is n scallop$1 b smoo?ly r\nd$ (f 9 front1 :]e x is fur!r /r5g!n$ by ! broad flatt5$ claws4 ,! w+s are small1 %ort1 & n>r[1 ! second & ?ird quills be+ long] ?an ! re/4 ,! tail is altoge!r want+1 its place be+ occupi$ by a small bun* ( fur-l fea!rs4 ,! g5]al plumage is ev]y:]e v ?ick1 & ^u ! l[] "p ( ! body s smoo? & bright z almo/ to resemble sat91 :ile on ! head1 neck1 & h9d] "p ( ! body x has some:at ! appe>ance ( hair4 ,:5 9 _! nuptial plumage1 ! head ( ! adults is adorn$ ) a rem>kable coll> or frill1 develop$ f ! sides ( ! face & neck1 or provid$ ) bun*es ( fea!rs1 g5]ally decorat$ ) bright col\rs4 ,memb]s ( ?is family are to be f\nd 9 ! temp]ate zones ( bo? hemisph]es1 beyond :i* !y d n ext5d v f> ei!r to ! nor? or s\?4 ,_! usual habitat is on ponds or l>ge %eets ( /agnant wat]1 & exceptionally on deep1 sl[-mov+ /reams2 b always :]e s$ges & ru%es are abundant4 ,occasionally1 ?\gh r>ely1 !y h be5 se5 ^u ! sea4 ,probably !re are no birds1 says ,naumann1 bett] entitl$ to ! "n ( wat]-f[l ?an ! ,grebes--at lea/ we "k ( no o!rs t d n on "s occasions make _! appe>ance on dry l&4 ,x is only1 h[ev]1 "u ! mo/ urg5t circum/ances--z1 = example1 :5 w\nd$--t ^! approa* ! %ore1 & ev5 !n !y keep s close to ! br9k t on ! slighte/ al>m !y c at once plunge into _! prop] elem5t4 ,x w\ld seem t :atev] !y d mu/ be done 9 ! wat]2 !y _c ev5 rise ^u ! w+ )\t a prelim9>y ru% ov] ! surface ( ! lake3 f dry l& !y _c comm5ce _! flight4 ,_! :ole life is divid$ betwe5 swimm+ & div+2 & ev5 :5 o!r wat]-birds g on %ore to sleep1 ! ,grebes repose float+ on _! liquid b$4 ,:5 ?us sleep+ ^u ! tranquil wat]1 !y float z buoyantly z if !y 7 made ( cork1 _! legs rais$ to ! edges ( _! w+s1 & _! head com=tably buri$ among ! fea!rs betwe5 _! back & %\ld]4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 a /orm di/urb _! re/1 & ! boi/]\s elem5ts drive !m t[>ds ! %ore1 !y at once turn r\nd to face ! bla/1 & are g5]ally able1 by ! active movem5t ( _! paddle-l feet1 to ma9ta9 !mselves 9 ! same place4 ,! con=mation ( _! bodies1 _! tap]+ %ape1 small heads1 %>p beak1 & ! v backw>d position ( _! feet1 enable !m to dive ) wond]ful facility2 9 fact1 :5 "u wat] !y make _! way m swiftly ?an ev5 :5 swimm+ at ! top4 ,a man ^u ! %ore w\ld f9d x v difficult to keep pace ) a div+ ,grebe1 z1 aid$ by w+s & feet1 x %oots onw>ds ) ! velocity ( a rocket4 ,:5 fly+1 _! long neck is /ret*$ out /raight =w>ds & _! feet backw>ds1 :ile _! small w+s1 by ! rapidity ( _! movem5ts1 c>ry !m v quickly ?r\gh ! air4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any tail1 !y /e] _! c\rse by means ( _! feet1 & are able n only to direct b to *ange ! c\rse ( _! flight ) surpris+ facility2 at ! end ( _! j\rney !y come d[n obliquely ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 into :i* !y fall ) a v audible spla%4 ,:5 al>m$ !y always in/antly dive1 & no?+ b ! utmo/ extremity ( dang] w compel !m to take w+4 ,! food ( ^! birds consi/s ( small fi%es1 insects1 frogs1 & tadpoles1 9 se>* ( :i* !y dive to ! v bottom ( ! pond1 b always br+ !m to ! top be=e swall[+ !m4 ,9 _! mann] ( bre$+1 ! ,grebes are 9 _m respects peculi>4 ,!y live toge!r 9 pairs1 ! male & ! female exhibit+ ! greate/ affection t[>ds ea* o!r1 keep+ ea* o!r company ev5 dur+ _! migrations1 & always return+ toge!r to ! same pond4 ,:5 ! "t arrives1 !y con/ruct a float+ ne/1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ built ( dry mat]ials1 z 9 ! case ( o!r birds1 is m]ely a mass ( wet we$s1 9 :i* ! eggs are kept n only con/antly damp1 b absolutely 9 ! wat]4 ,! we$s us$ 9 build+ ! ne/ are procur$ by div+1 f ! bottom ( ! pond2 ^! are put toge!r 9 ! mo/ slov5ly mann]1 s z to resemble a float+ heap ( rubbi% r ?an a ne/1 & are !n fa/5$ to "s old upright re$s4 ,! numb] ( ! eggs v>ies f ?ree to six2 !y are ( elongat$ %ape1 & at fir/ ( a gre5i% :ite col\r1 b !y soon become dirty1 & are !n ( a yell[i% r$ or olive-br[n t9t1 sometimes m>bl$4 ,! male & female sit ^u ! eggs alt]nately1 b ! female has ! great] %>e 9 ! bus9ess ( incubation1 ! male (t5 swimm+ ar\nd ! place app>5tly = ! purpose ( keep+ h] company4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 bo? be oblig$ to leave ! ne/ at ! same "t1 !y c>efully cov] ! eggs ) a mass ( half-rott5 wat]-plants1 br\ght up f ! bottom = ! purpose4 ,9 ab\t ?ree weeks ! "y are hat*$1 ev5 f eggs :i* dur+ a great "p ( ! "t h be5 ly+ 9 ! wat]4 ,f ! fir/ mom5t !y are able to swim1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few days to dive2 !y are1 h[ev]1 con/antly accompani$ by _! p>5ts1 :o (t5 give !m %elt] "u _! w+s4 ,hav+ once quitt$ ! ne/1 ! "y ones seldom return to x1 a com=table re/+ & sleep+ place be+ af=d$ to !m on ! backs ( _! p>5ts4 ,,! ,,cre/$ ,,grebe4 ,! ,,cre/$ ,,grebe 7,podiceps cri/atus71 ! /atelie/ memb] ( ! family1 is a bird ( consid]able size1 measur+ f tw5ty-five to tw5ty-six in*es 9 l5g?1 & f ?irty-six to ?irty-sev5 9 bread?4 ,! l5g? ( ! w+ is sev5 in*es4 ,dur+ ! "t ( its c\rt%ip ?is bird is furni%$ ) a v rem>kable head-dress1 consi/+ ( a l>ge bun* ( long fea!rs1 divid$ above into two horn-l app5dages1 & also ) a prom95t coll> or frill ( hair-l plumes1 on ea* side ( ! upp] extremity ( ! neck & sides ( ! head4 ,! upp] p>ts ( its body are ( a %9+ blacki% br[n1 a bright pat* on ea* w+2 ! region ( ! *eeks & ! ?roat are :ite2 ! coll> ar\nd ! neck ru/-r$1 ) a blacki% br[n m>g94 ,! "u "p ( ! body is ( a glossy sat9y :ite1 speckl$ ^u ! sides ) ru/y r$ & d>k grey4 ,! eye is c>m9e-r$1 ! bridles r$1 ! beak pale r$2 ! out] aspect ( ! t>sus is d>k horn-col\r1 & ! inn] side yell[i% grey4 ,9 its w9t] g>b1 ! tufts ^u ! head & ! coll> are n develop$1 ! br[n ^u ! upp] "p ( ! body is m+l$ ) deep grey1 & ! ru/-r$ ( ! coll> z well z ! ru/-br[n ( ! sides is dull]4 ,! female is di/+ui%able f ! male by h] small] size1 b n by any diff]5ce 9 h] col\r4 ,! "y birds are less beautiful ?an are ! adults 9 _! w9t] dress1 & are /rip$ ab\t ! head & neck4 ,! ne/l+s are at fir/ clo!d 9 greyi% br[n1 /reak$ ) black4 ,! ,cre/$ ,grebe is to be met ) :]ev] suitable pieces ( wat] exi/ ov] all p>ts ( ,europe s\? ( #fj nor? latitude4 ,x is by no means sc>ce 9 ,g]many1 & is /ill m abundant 9 lakes fur!r to ! s\?4 ,9 ,engl& x is pr9cipally met ) 9 ,%rop%ire & ,l9coln%ire1 & is reckon$ z a /ation>y bird ev5 9 ,zetl&4 ,9 ! nor!rn c\ntries x makes its appe>ance e>ly 9 ! spr+1 g5]ally 9 ,april1 or %ortly aft] ! melt+ ( ! sn[1 & rema9s until ,octob] or ,novemb]1 :5 x retreats to ,s\!rn ,europe & ,nor!rn ,africa4 ,9 ,greece & ,spa9 x rema9s all ?r\gh ! w9t]2 inde$1 ! numb]s to be met ) 9 ^? c\ntries are consid]ably augm5t$ by arrivals f localities fur!r nor?4 ,9 ,nor?-we/]n ,africa x likewise makes its appe>ance at regul> int]vals1 b 9 ,egypt only a few solit>y birds are to be met )4 ,9 ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,asia x is q z common z x is 9 ,europe1 & !re its range seems to ext5d f ,sib]ia to ,s\!rn ,*9a & ,japan4 ,x is likewise abundant 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ext5d+ f ! nor? ( t cont95t to ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 e>ly spr+ ^! birds always make _! appe>ance 9 pairs1 b t[>ds ! autumn l>ge p>ties ( !m may be se5 toge!r1 consi/+ ( fifty or sixty individuals1 :o keep company ) ea* o!r dur+ _! migration s\?w>ds4 ,9 _! migrations x is g5]ally und]/ood t ^! birds only travel by night1 & t :]ev] l>ge lakes or riv]s are to be f\nd1 z also along ! sea-coa/1 !y make _! way pr9cipally by swimm+4 ,dur+ ! summ] season ! ,cre/$ ,grebe takes up its abode on ext5sive lakes1 :]e re$s & o!r wat]-plants are abundant4 ,_! p[]s ( swimm+ & div+ are q wond]ful4 ,accord+ to ,naumann's obs]vations1 ?is ,grebe w dive 9 ! c\rse ( half a m9ute to a di/ance ( two hundr$ feet4 ,its flight1 too1 :5 x ?9ks prop] to take w+1 is tol]ably swift2 x always proce$s 9 a /raight l9e1 & ! :irr+ noise made by ! rapid motion ( its w+s is audible at "s di/ance4 ,9 its behavi\r x seems to be ! mo/ circumspect & ! %ye/ memb] ( ! family1 & is n easily approa*$1 m especially z x g5]ally keeps 9 op5 wat]1 :]e x c see to a di/ance4 ,if surpris$ :5 9 ! vic9ity ( a b$ ( re$s1 x imm$iately takes refuge among !m1 b only s long z to enable x aga9 to plunge into deep wat]2 if pursu$ x imm$iately dives1 & :5 x comes up aga9 to brea!1 all[s only its beak to appe> above ! surface1 & z soon z x has tak5 brea? dives aga91 until x has plac$ itself q beyond ! rea* ( dang]4 ,! male & female are des]v$ly atta*$ to ea* o!r4 ,%\ld "o ( !m accid5tally /ray to a di/ance1 ! o!r nev] ceases to call ! w&]] back ) anxi\s c>e2 !y g5]ally swim ab\t 9 close companion%ip1 & (t5 make _! voice he>d z !y playfully c>ess ea* o!r4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season ea* male zeal\sly resi/s ! intrusion ( ano!r pair )9 ! area he has select$1 s t :]e sev]al pairs h tak5 possession ( a piece ( wat]1 desp]ate battles are frequ5tly f\ght1 at ! end ( :i* ! vanqui%$ combatant has g5]ally to h rec\rse to 8 w+s 9 ord] to escape f ! fury ( ! victor4 ,x is only :5 ! re$s & s$ges h atta9$ a c]ta9 height t a pair sets s]i\sly to "w ^u ! con/ruction ( _! ne/1 :i* is always plac$ 9 ! vic9ity ( a gr\p ( tall re$s or ru%es1 & frequ5tly at a consid]able di/ance f ! %ore4 ,! ne/1 :5 con/ruct$1 is ab\t a foot 9 diamet] & six in*es high1 its cavity is extremely %all[1 & x becomes gradually press$ flatt] & flatt] by ! weight ( ! lay+ birds2 ev5 :5 complet$1 ! fabric has v little ! appe>ance ( a ne/1 b r resembles a heap ( rott5 we$s casually bl[n toge!r by ! w9ds1 & left to float on ! top ( ! wat]4 ,x is wond]ful t su* a wet lump %\ld be> ! weight ( ! bird t sits ^u x1 & /ill m a/oni%+ t x is n upset1 z its occupant /eps on & (f a /ructure t possesses s little buoyancy4 ,! normal numb] ( eggs usually laid 9 ?is /range ne/ may be /at$ at f\r1 sometimes !re are five1 sometimes only ?ree4 ,out ( sev5 ne/s exam9$ by ,holtz1 f\r ( !m conta9$ f\r eggs1 "o five1 "o ?ree1 & "o two4 ,! col\r ( ! eggs is at fir/ pure :ite1 :i* soon1 h[ev]1 *anges into a dirty yell[4 ,! male & female sit ^u ! eggs alt]nately1 ) an unwe>y+ assiduity1 t 9 _! case is indisp5sable1 see+ t ! eggs are actually half imm]s$ 9 wat]2 & on exam9+ a ne/ f :i* ! sitt+ bird has be5 rec5tly driv51 x w be f\nd t n only ! eggs1 b ! entire ne/ is w>m ?r\gh\t4 ,bo? manife/ extreme atta*m5t to _! "y brood2 %\ld a /rang] approa*1 !y ha/ily cov] x up ) we$s1 & only retire to a little di/ance1 return+ to _! *>ge s soon z dang] has pass$4 ,x is ass]t$ t if be=e incubation has comm5c$ ! eggs are ab/ract$ "o at a "t1 ! female w lay tw5ty eggs or m 9 succession4 ,z soon z ! "y are hat*$1 !y are introduc$ by _! p>5ts to _! prop] elem5t1 & c>efully def5d$1 m especially by ! male bird1 :o seems to take ^u himself ! duty ( a s5t9el4 ,! ne/l+s are f$ ) insects & su* small diet1 at fir/ put into _! beaks1 b aft]w>ds only plac$ be=e !m on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,!y soon1 h[ev]1 le>n to dive 9 se>* ( small fi%es1 & d n long require ! sup]vision ( _! eld]s4 ,! "y1 m especially at an e>ly p]iod1 are elegant little creatures4 ,x is a treat1 says ,jckel1 to wat* ! little family z n[ "o1 n[ ano!r ( ! "y brood1 tir$ ) ! ex]tion ( swimm+ or ( /ruggl+ aga9/ ! rippl+ wat]1 m\nt z to a re/+-place on _! "m's back2 to see h[ g5tly1 :5 !y h recov]$ _! /r5g?1 %e returns !m to ! wat]2 to he> ! anxi\s pla9tive notes ( ! little w&]]s :5 !y h v5tur$ too f> f ! ne/2 to see _! food laid be=e !m by ! old birds2 or to witness ! t5d]ness ) :i* !y are taught to dive4 ,x is only :5 !y are eight days old t !y are /rong en\gh to ent] ^u ?is la/ important "p ( _! education1 :i* is comm5c$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,! "m bird at fir/ swims t[>ds h] little flock two or ?ree times1 hold+ 9 h] beak ! pr(f]$ food2 b z !y advance to receive x %e gradually retires be=e !m1 & at la/ dives ) x aga9 & aga91 ?us tempt+ ! timid little creatures to foll[ h]1 & always at ! end ( ! p]=mance all[+ ! be/ swimm] to obta9 ! tempt+ prize z a rew>d = its ex]tions4 ,! fle% ( ^! birds is q uneatable1 b great quantities ( !m are de/roy$ annually on acc\nt ( _! sk9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cre/$ ,,grebe 7,podiceps cri/atus74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,,! ,,little ,,grebe4 ,! ,,little ,,grebe 7,podiceps m9or7 is mu* m pl5tiful ?an ! species la/ describ$4 ,x is a beautiful bird1 measur+ n9e or t5 in*es 9 l5g? & sev5te5 or eighte5 9 bread?1 ! l5g? ( its w+ be+ f\r in*es4 ,:5 9 its nuptial dress1 ! plumage ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is brilliant black %imm]+ ) br[n1 ! "u p>ts be+ greyi% :ite1 cl\d$ ) a d>k] %ade2 ! ?roat & a place 9 ! front ( ! eye are black2 ! head1 sides ( ! neck1 & ?roat1 *e/nut-br[n2 ! eye is r$di% br[n2 ! bridles yell[i% gre52 ! beak yell[ at its base & black t[>ds its apex2 ! ext]nal aspect ( ! foot is blacki%1 int]nally x is ( a cle> horn-col\r4 ,9 its autumnal plumage ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are m ( a br[ni% grey1 ! "u surface sat9y :ite2 ! head & neck bright grey4 ,! range ( ?is bird is pretty ne>ly ! same z t ( ! species la/ describ$2 x is n1 h[ev]1 s num]\sly met ) dur+ ! w9t] season4 ,x makes its appe>ance 9 ,g]many ab\t ! end ( ,m>*1 & rema9s 9 t c\ntry s long z ! wat]s are free f ice2 b dur+ ! w9t] x takes up its abode 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 x is met ) z f> nor? z ! ,hebrides1 & 9 ! s\!rn c\nties ( ,engl& may be se5 ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,x usually selects = its resid5ce "s l>ge pond well provid$ ) re$s & ru%es1 & x is also occasionally to be f\nd 9 morasses & o!r swampy localities4 ,x seems to avoid cle> wat]2 its food1 :i* consi/s pr9cipally ( insects & _! l>v1 be+ m abundantly met ) 9 dit*es & muddy places4 ,9 its habits & mode ( life x closely resembles o!r memb]s ( its family2 x seems1 h[ev]1 to be m active ?an ! l>g] species1 & uses its feet ) m facility 9 runn+4 ,9 swimm+ & div+ x may be said to excel ev5 its cong5]s1 b its p[]s ( fly+ are v limit$1 ow+ to ! %ortness ( its w+s4 ,its flight1 inde$1 is said by ,naumann to resemble t ( a gras%opp]4 ,9 summ] "t x is v %y1 & c only be approa*$ ) difficulty1 b 9 ! w9t] its %yness dim9i%es1 s t x w ev5 come ne> villages1 & at ?is season x frequ5tly falls a victim to its own c>elessness4 ,:5 al>m$ x imm$iately dives1 & if fur!r ?reat5$ ) dang]1 secretes itself 9 ! wat] "u ! %elt] ( ! h]bage1 leav+ no?+ b its beak visible above ! surface1 & ?us x w rema9 until all cause = appreh5sion is remov$4 ,its voice is a %ort pip+ note t s\nds l bib or bibi1 & ?is dur+ ! pair+ season is repeat$ s rapidly t x s\nds some?+ l a %ake ^u "s musical in/rum5t4 ,! ne/ ( ! ,little ,grebe is always plac$ among wat]-plants1 b is nev] hidd5 f view2 m commonly1 inde$1 x is r a conspicu\s object2 x is1 h[ev]1 inv>iably remov$ f ! sides ( ! pond4 ,9 its appe>ance1 x is j z rudely con/ruct$1 z wet & uncom=table-look+ z t ( ! species la/ describ$4 ,9 ?is float+ cradle ! female1 t[>ds ! end ( ,april or ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 lays f ?ree to six elongat$ eggs1 ! col\r ( :i* seems to dep5d ^u t ( ! plants ( :i* ! ne/ is compos$4 ,^u ^! eggs1 bo? ! male & ! female sit alt]nately = tw5ty or tw5ty-"o days4 ,z soon z ! "y are hat*$ !y betake !mselves to ! wat]1 :]e !y are taught & t5d$ by _! p>5ts 9 ! same mann] z ^? ( ! ,cre/$ ,grebes describ$ above4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,div]s 7,colymbi7 may be reg>d$ z ! m>9e repres5tatives ( ! ,grebes1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 !y are at once di/+ui%able by _! l>g] bodies1 %ort] neck1 m bulky head1 & /rong] beak4 ,^! birds are fully webb$2 _! w+s are %ort1 & _! quills1 ! second ( :i* is ! longe/1 h>d & /iff2 ! tail is compos$ ( f sixte5 to tw5ty close-set fea!rs4 ,! coloration ( ! ?ick w>m plumage v>ies consid]ably at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,! numb] ( species belong+ to ?is gr\p is v limit$2 ( ^! only ?ree are recognis$ z belong+ to ,great ,brita92 namely1 ,c4 glacialis1 ,c4 arcticus1 & ,c4 sept5trionalis4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p are ess5tially sea-birds1 only visit+ riv]s or lakes ( fre% wat] dur+ ! bre$+ season or 9 ! c\rse ( _! w9t] migrations4 ,l ! ,grebes1 !y transact all _! bus9ess 9 ! wat]4 ,!y swim ) ! utmo/ ease to v consid]able di/ances1 & re/ !mselves by ly+ z x 7 flat ^u ! surface ( ! sea2 sometimes1 h[ev]1 !y s9k _! bodies to su* a dep? t only a small portion ( ! back is visible4 ,n[ !y are se5 glid+ leisurely along ov] ! tranquil waves1 & n[ ) ! rapidity ( lightn+ !y disappe> app>5tly )\t ! slighte/ ef=t1 & )\t caus+ any p]ceptible di/urbance 9 ! wat]4 ,no soon] are !y subm]g$1 ?an !y /ret* !mselves out to _! full l5g?1 _! fea!rs become flat & smoo?1 _! w+s are press$ close to _! sides1 & ?us pres5t+ a %ape beautifully adapt$ to _! "w1 !y %oot ?r\gh ! wat] ) arr[-l spe$1 n[ 9 "o direction1 n[ 9 ano!r2 sometimes swimm+ along close b5ea? ! surface1 sometimes plung+ to a dep? ( sev]al fa?oms 9 pursuit ( ! fi%es ^u :i* !y fe$4 ,to see !m f "s promontory1 says ,mudie1 aga9/ :i* ! air & ! sea are sett+ full w9d & tide1 & driv+ be=e !m myriads ( h]r+s & o!r fi%es1 is a glori\s sight4 ,!y da% along ! surface1 !y d>t "u x1 !y b\nce up aga91 !y bore ?r\gh ! advanc+ waves1 & :5 ! bill[ breaks 9 foam & ?und]s ov] !m1 & ! spectator naturally concludes !y are buri$ = ev] 9 ! deep1 up !y spr+ to ! surface ( ! unbrok5 wat] f>!r f ! l&1 z ?\gh exult+ 9 ! fury ( ! elem5ts4 ,?is facility = swimm+ & div+ !y enjoy f _! e>lie/ infancy1 & to x !y tru/ z a means ( escape f dang]4 ,x is seldom t !y set foot ^u dry l&2 inde$1 ev5 :5 !y visit ! %ore !y c sc>cely be said to d s1 !y might r be said to slide out ( ! wat] on to ! bea*2 z to walk+1 9 ! ord9>y acceptation or ! t]m1 t is q out ( _! p[]--inde$1 !y are unable to support !mselves 9 an upright position2 by ! ef=ts ( _! feet & w+s1 aid$ by _! neck & beak1 !y creep1 or r tumble ov] ! gr\nd until !y rega9 _! prop] elem5t4 ,_! p[]s ( flight are v limit$1 nev]!less x is a pretty sight to see !m plunge f "s high cliff into ! wat]s b5ea?1 ! ef=ts ( _! w+s only s]v+ to give an oblique direction to _! d[nw>d c>e]1 z !y %oot headlong into ! deep1 & imm$iately disappe> b5ea? ! waves4 ,! ,div]s appe> to avoid ! company ( o!r birds1 & inde$ seldom associate ) ^? ( _! own k9d1 except dur+ ! bre$+ season--at :i* "t !y may be se5 9 pairs4 ,_! food consi/s exclusively ( fi%es ov]tak5 9 ! wat] or br\ght up f ! bottom ( ! sea2 ( ^! !y seem to pref] ! mid-sea swimm]s1 b flat fi%es1 su* z small plaice & soles1 =m likewise a consid]able "p ( _! diet4 ,graba in=ms u1 t f 8 w9d[ he has (t5 se5 !m br+ up fl\nd]s ( consid]able size1 9 dispos+ ( :i* !y %[$ consid]able dext]ity4 ,if too l>ge to be swall[$ :ole1 !y 7 dropp$ into ! wat] & dev\r$ piecemeal4 ,ev5 a h]r+ seem$ to be a some:at unmanageable morsel2 b ! small] fry 7 at once made away )4 ,:5 ! bre$+ season approa*es1 all ! diff]5t species ( ,div]s betake !mselves to lakes ( fre% wat]1 at "s little di/ance f ! coa/1 & sometimes at a consid]able altitude above ! level ( ! sea4 ,_! h>%-s\nd+ cry is n[ utt]$ m frequ5tly ?an usual1 especially t[>ds ev5+1 at :i* "t !y come d[n to ! %ore & ?r[ !mselves f ! rocks into ! ocean1 9 ord] to procure a supply ( food4 ,_! ne/ is g5]ally built ^u "s small isl& 9 ! middle ( ! lake or pond1 or %\ld su* a situation n (f] itself1 ^u ! m>g91 b always close to ! wat]2 x is rudely con/ruct$ ( s$ge-grass & re$s1 neglig5tly heap$ toge!r & frequ5tly )\t ! slighte/ attempt at concealm5t1 insomu* z ! sitt+ bird is r a conspicu\s object1 & may be se5 f a consid]able di/ance4 ,^u ?is rude ne/ ! female lays two eggs ( an elongat$ %ape1 hav+ a /rong1 co>se-gra9$1 b some:at poli%$ %ell4 ,! two sexes take _! turn 9 ! incubation ( ! eggs1 & bo? lab\r ) equal zeal 9 ! fe$+ & re>+ ( ! "y4 ,! eggs are laid t[>ds ! end ( ,may1 & t[>ds ! end ( ,june "y birds may be f\nd 9 ! ne/s2 b ! exact p]iod ( incubation is n z yet accurately det]m9$4 ,%\ld ! lake on :i* ! ne/ is plac$ be well /ock$ ) fi%1 bo? ! p>5ts rema9 con/antly ) _! prog5y2 b if !re is a sc>city ( su* a supply1 & ! old birds h to resort to ! sea = food1 !y d s by turns1 ea* ( !m mo/ probably br++ to ! ne/ a %>e ( :at !y capture :]e) to fe$ _! ne/l+s4 ,^! la/1 h[ev]1 z soon z !y are hat*$ beg9 to %[ consid]able aptitude = ! *ase1 & are able to procure food = !mselves betimes4 ,:5 !y are fully fl$g$ !y betake !mselves to ! sea4 ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,div]4 ,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,div] 7,colymbus glacialis7 is a v /rik+ bird1 measur+ ab\t ?ree feet 9 l5g? & five feet across ! w+s4 ,! l5g? ( ea* w+ is sixte5 in*es & tail two in*es & a qu>t]4 ,9 its summ] plumage x is pr9cipally black1 enliv5$ ) :ite spots2 on ! head & neck ! fea!rs are gre5i% black1 ! latt] be+ trav]s$ by a broad longitud9al b& ( black & :ite2 a simil> /ripe is situat$ on ! =e "p ( ! neck4 ,! sides ( ! upp] brea/ are black /rip$ ) :ite2 ! re/ ( ! "u surface is a ri* sat9y :ite4 ,! eye is light br[n1 & beak black2 ! ext]ior ( ! t>sus is grey1 ! "u surface ( a r$di% fle%-col\r4 ,9 its w9t] dress ! upp] "p & sides are blacki%1 & )\t ! :ite spots1 & ! "u surface :ite2 ! brea/ black1 /reak$ ) :ite4 ,! "y are clad 9 a simil> g>b1 b are )\t ! :ite /reaks ^u ! brea/4 ,! ,nor!rn ,div] is common on all ! coa/s ( ! ,nor? ,sea1 z well z on ! inl& lakes ( high latitudes4 ,x appe>s on ! coa/ ( ,great ,brita9 9 ! autumn1 & rema9s dur+ ! w9t]1 go+ at ! bre$+ season2 except at t "t1 x lives at sea1 foll[+ ! %oals ( h]r+s & sprats2 x also resorts to arms ( ! sea & s&y bays1 float+ lightly1 ) its body deep 9 ! wat]2 :5 al>m$1 x swims ) a/oni%+ swiftness1 & endeav\rs to escape by div+4 ,^! birds bre$ on ! ,f>oe ,isl&s4 ,respect+ _! mann] ( nidification ,mr4 ,port]1 :o obs]v$ !m closely dur+ ! ne/+ season 9 ,icel&1 says3--,! ,nor!rn ,div] bre$s on ! lo*s ( fre% wat]4 ,9 ! ne/s ,i exam9$1 a s+le egg 0 deposit$4 ,on ! b>e gr\nd1 b j out ( wat]-m>k1 r "u a rugg$ bank on "s brok5 gr\nd1 ,i 0 successful 9 f9d+ two ne/s4 ,i all[$ ! s+le egg to rema9 9 "o ( !m 9 ! expectation t ano!r egg w\ld be laid to x1 b 0 disappo9t$4 ,! old bird 0 v %y1 & always left ! egg on our approa*1 :5 at a great di/ance (f1 tak+ to ! wat] & keep+ s f> f ! side z n to be )9 %ot4 ,9 ! bre$+ season !y frequ5t isl&s1 mak+ _! ne/s ( dead h]bage ne> ! wat]'s edge4 ,! eggs1 usually two 9 numb]1 are d>k olive-br[n1 ) a few umb]-br[n spots1 & are ?ree in*es six l9es long by two in*es ?ree l9es broad4 ,! "m lies flat on ! eggs1 &1 if di/urb$1 pu%es h]self along ! gr\nd ) h] feet1 div+ z soon z %e rea*es ! wat]4 ,! "y are able 9 a day or two aft] bir? to foll[ _! "m to ! wat]1 & are able to swim & dive well4 ,!y are f$ dur+ ! fir/ =tnight ) food f ! crop ( _! p>5t4 ,! voice ( ?is bird is l\d1 pla9tive1 & mu* v>i$ 9 tone4 ,montagu tells u t1 ,a ,nor!rn ,div] tak5 alive 0 kept 9 a pond = "s mon?s4 ,9 a few days x became extremely docile1 w\ld come at a call f "o side ( ! pond to ! o!r1 & w\ld take food f ! h&4 ,! bird _h receiv$ an injury 9 ! head :i* _h depriv$ "o eye ( its sight1 & ! o!r 0 a little impair$2 b1 not)/&+1 x c\ld1 by incessantly div+1 discov] all ! fi% t 0 ?r[n into ! pond4 ,9 default ( fi% x w\ld eat fle%4 ,x is obs]vable t ! legs ( ?is bird are s con/ruct$ & situat$ z to r5d] x incapable ( walk+ ^u !m4 ,:5 ! bird quitt$ ! wat]1 x %ov$ its body along ^u ! gr\nd l a seal1 by j]ks1 rubb+ ! brea/ aga9/ ! e>?2 & return$ to ! l& 9 a simil> mann]4 ,9 swimm+ & div+1 ! legs only are us$ & n ! w+s1 z 9 ! ,guillemot & ,auk tribes2 & by _! situation s f> beh9d & _! little deviation f ! l9e ( ! body1 x is enabl$ to propel itself 9 ! wat] ) great velocity 9 a /raight l9e1 z well z turn ) a/oni%+ quickness4 ,! plumage ( ! ,nor!rn ,div] is close1 & its sk9 t\gh1 on :i* acc\nt x is mu* us$ by ! inhabitants ( nor!rn c\ntries 9 ! manufacture ( com=table articles ( clo?+4 ,! fle% is h>d & ( a rank fi%y flav\r4 ,,! ,,black-,,?roat$ ,,div]4 ,! ,,black-,,?roat$ ,,div] 7,colymbus arcticus7 is small] ?an ! prec$+ species1 b v mu* l x bo? 9 ! col\r & m>k+s ( its plumage4 ,9 its nuptial co/ume ! upp] "p ( ! head & h9d neck are deep a%y grey1 ! back & w+s black1 a space ^u ! back & ano!r ^u ! h9d] "p ( ! w+ are spott$ ) :ite1 :ile ^u ! =e "p ( ! w+ is ano!r space speckl$ ) blue spots4 ,! side ( ! neck pres5ts a longitud9al black /reak1 ! =e neck has a transv]se :ite b&1 & ! sides are longitud9ally m>k$ ) black4 ,! "u side is :ite4 ,dur+ ! w9t]1 ! head & nape are grey1 ! re/ ( ! fea!rs on ! upp] surface black ) :ite bord]s2 ! l[] p>ts ( ! body are :ite1 & ! sides ( ! crop /rip$ black & :ite4 ,9 "y birds ! latt] m>k+s are want+4 ,! eye is light br[n1 & ! beak black4 ,! foot is grey at its ext]ior1 & fle%-r$ on ! inn] side4 ,?is species is f tw5ty-eight to ?irty in*es long & f fifty to fifty-two broad2 ! w+ measures f f\rte5 to fifte5 in*es1 & ! tail f two in*es & a qu>t] to two in*es & a half4 ,! ,black-?roat$ ,div] is r>e on our s\!rn coa/s2 on ! nor!rn %ores ( our isl& x beg9s to appe> ab\t ,septemb]4 ,! majority ( ^! dep>t ab\t ,april1 al?\gh a few rema9 to ne/ 9 ! nor!rn p>ts & isl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,selby = ! foll[+ acc\nt ( its bre$+1 z obs]v$ by himself dur+ ! c\rse ( an excursion 9 ,scotl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ci1 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,colymbus ,,glacialis ,,nor!rn ,,div]4 7ab\t ,nat4 size74 ,?is beautiful species1 ^: bre$+ /ation has nev] be=e be5 detect$1 we f\nd ^u mo/ ( ! int]ior ,su!rl& lo*s4 ,! fir/ we notic$ 0 at ! foot ( ,lo* ,%91 :]e we 7 s =tunate z to f9d ! ne/1 or r ! two eggs ^u ! b>e gr\nd ( a small islet1 remov$ ab\t t5 or twelve feet f ! wat]'s edge4 ,! female 0 se5 9 ! act ( incubation1 sitt+ horizontally1 & n 9 an upright position1 on ! eggs4 ,9 plumage %e resembl$ ! male1 & :5 fir$ at imm$iately swam or r div$ (f to a %ort di/ance4 ,our pursuit aft] !m 01 h[ev]1 ineffectual1 ?\gh p]sev]$ 9 = a long "t1 z x 0 impossible to calculate :]e !y 7 likely to rise aft] div+4 ,subm]sion frequ5tly cont9u$ = ne>ly two m9utes at a "t1 & !y g5]ally reappe>$ at ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile's di/ance f ! spot :]e !y _h gone d[n4 ,9 no in/ance h ,i ev] se5 !m attempt to escape by tak+ w+4 ,i may obs]ve t a visible track f ! wat] to ! eggs 0 left by ! female1 ^: progress ^u l& is effect$ by %uffl+ along ^u h] belly1 propell$ by h] legs beh9d4 ,on ! day foll[+ 7,may #ca/7 ,mr4 ,j4 ,wilson 0 =tunate en\gh to f9d two newly-hat*$ "y ones 9 a small creek ( ,lo* ,craigie1 ab\t two miles & a half f ,lairg4 ,aft] h&l+ & exam9+ !m1 dur+ :i* ! old birds approa*$ v ne> to him1 he left !m 9 ! same spot4 ,accord+ly1 on ! ,monday morn+ we _h ! boat convey$ to ! lo*1 & on our arrival soon descri$ ! two old birds1 att5d$ by _! "y & app>5tly mov+ to a diff]5t "p ( ! lo*4 ,contr>y to _! usual habit at o!r times1 !y did n attempt to dive on our approa*1 b kept swimm+ ar\nd _! "y1 :i*1 f _! v t5d] age1 7 unable to make mu* way 9 ! wat]4 ,! female c\ld only be di/+ui%$ f ! male by a slight inf]iority ( size1 & bo? 7 9 full adult plumage4 ,we aft]w>ds saw sev]al pairs ^u v>i\s lo*s1 & ^u ,lo* ,kay1 a pair att5d$ by two "y ones ne>ly half gr[n4 ,:5 swimm+ !y are 9 ! con/ant habit ( dipp+ _! bill into ! wat]1 ) a graceful motion ( ! head & beak4 ,mr4 ,dunn1 :o obs]v$ ^! birds 9 ,norway1 tells u t1 ,! eggs h a v rank fi%y ta/e1 b are mu* s\ght aft] by ! ,lapps4 ,aft] ! "y are hat*$1 bo? male & female are v assidu\s 9 br++ !m food1 & may be se5 fly+ at a va/ height1 ) fi% 9 _! beaks1 f "o lake to ano!r2 on arriv+ ov] ! lake :]e !y int5d to alight1 !y desc5d v sudd5ly 9 an oblique direction4 ,! cries ( ?is ,div] are v peculi> dur+ ! bre$+ season1 & may be he>d at a great di/ance4 ,! voice is said to be v melan*oly1 & to resemble ! cry ( a human be+ 9 di/ress4 ,,! ,,r$-,,?roat$ ,,div]4 ,! ,,r$-,,?roat$ ,,div] 7,colymbus sept5trionalis71 z ! smalle/ ( ^! ?ree species is call$1 is only f tw5ty-five to tw5ty-six in*es long1 & f =ty to =ty-?ree broad2 ! w+ measures f t5 in*es & a half to twelve & a half2 & ! tail two & a half to ?ree & a half in*es4 ,! col\r ( ?is bird is a%-grey ^u ! head & on ! sides ( ! neck2 ! back ( ! neck is /rip$ ) :ite2 ! front ( ! ?roat bright *e/nut-br[ni% r$2 ! back is br[ni% black2 ! "u side :ite2 ! front & sides ( ! brea/ are black1 ) longitud9al r[s ( spots4 ,9 _! w9t] dress ! fea!rs ( ! back are tipp$ ) :ite1 & ! region ( ! ?roat is :ite4 ,9 "y birds ! col\rs ( ! plumage are indi/9ct4 ,! eye is light br[ni% r$2 ! beak black2 ! foot is d>k br[n1 m+l$ ) bluei% grey1 ! latt] col\r be+ deepe/ on ! web betwe5 ! toes4 ,?is bird inhabits ! high nor!rn latitudes ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e1 & is m especially met ) ^u ! coa/s ( ,gre5l&1 ,spitzb]g51 & ( ,european & ,asiatic ,russia4 ,x is likewise common 9 ! ,f>oe ,isl&s1 z well z 9 ! ,orkneys & ! ,hebrides4 ,9 w9t] "t x ext5ds its range fur!r s\?1 & may be f\nd on ! coa/s ( ,d5m>k1 ,g]many1 & ,holl&1 z well z ^u ! %ores ( ,great ,brita94 ,its habitat may be said to /ret* f #fj to #gj nor? latitude4 ,! ,r$-?roat$ ,div] is common on ! %ores ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& 9 ! w9t] season1 & ab\t ! m\? ( ! ,?ames is kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,sprat ,loon1 on acc\nt ( its foll[+ ! %oals ( sprats4 ,x rema9s dur+ w9t] to bre$ 9 ,scotl&1 frequ5t+ ! inl& ,highl& lakes1 z well z ! ,orkney1 ,hebrides1 & ,%etl& ,isl&s4 ,! neatly-made ne/ is plac$ ne> ! m>g9 ( ! wat]1 sometimes on ! b>e bea*1 & sometimes among h]bage1 & is =m$ ( su* plants & leaves z are easily procurable4 ,! eggs1 usually two 9 numb]1 are ( an elongat$ oval %ape1 br[n 9 col\r1 & dott$ ) d>k amb]-br[n4 ,! male rema9s ne> ! ne/1 & is said occasionally to assi/ 9 brood+4 ,:5 an intrud] approa*es1 ! female cont9ues to sit till h] foe is close at h&1 :5 %e />ts (f1 plunges into ! wat]1 & usually flies (f or sometimes swims anxi\sly ab\t 9 company ) h] mate2 if depriv$ ( _! eggs ! l\d lam5tations ( ! p>5ts may be he>d = sev]al ev5+s2 ! notes are h>%1 &1 accord+ to ,macgillivray1 resemble ^? ( ! ,gannet4 ,! "y take to ! wat] z soon z !y leave ! egg1 & cont9ue ) _! p>5ts until able to use _! w+s1 :5 all fly (f to ! sea4 ,mr4 ,l[1 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,orkney1 says1 ,?is bird cont9ues ) u ! :ole season1 builds on ! v edge ( a lake 9 ! hills ( ,hay1 & lays two eggs2 its ne/ is plac$ s t x c slip f x into ! wat]1 z x c nei!r /& nor move on l&1 b c make v quick way at sea2 flies well1 & commonly v high2 makes a va/ h[l+ & sometimes croak+ noise1 :i* our c\ntry folks say progno/icates ra91 :5ce its "n ) u ( ! ',ra9 ,goose4' ,mr4 ,dunn1 :o saw ?is bird 9 ,norway1 ?us writes to ,mr4 ,y>rell3 ,?is ,div] is f> m common "h ?an ! ,black-?roat$4 ,on ! we/ coa/ ( ,norway x is v abundant f ! ,naze to ! ,nor? ,cape2 9 ! ,lapl& ,alps1 9 ! ,d(re ,field1 & 9 ! int]ior ( ,sw$5 x is equally num]\s4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahch1 ,i saw1 on ! great ,tornea ,lake1 ?irty 9 a flock1 & all old birds4 ,al?\gh s common1 x is r>ely "o sees ! "y be=e !y are able to fly2 _! habits & fe$+ are simil> to ^? ( ! ,black-?roat$ ,div]4 ,_! cries are v m\rnful & melan*oly4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season1 :ile on ! w+1 !y utt] frequ5tly a s\nd l ! ^w 'kak]a-kak]a1' by :i* "n !y are call$ 9 _m p>ts ( ,sc&9avia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,auks 7,alcid7 are di/+ui%able by _! /rongly-built body1 %ort neck1 l>ge head1 %ort1 almo/ rudim5t>y w+s1 %ort tail1 /rong1 compact1 ?ree-to$1 broadly-webb$ feet1 & ri*1 ?ick1 & d[ny plumage1 :i* is simil>ly col\r$ 9 ! two sexes1 b v>ies consid]ably at diff]5t seasons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,loons 7,uri71 :ile !y pres5t ! g5]al *>act]s above-m5tion$1 h w+s ( mod]ate l5g?1 9 :i* ! fir/ quill is ! longe/1 & a %ort tail compos$ ( twelve fea!rs4 ,_! beak1 :i* is ( mod]ate l5g?1 is vault$ above1 some:at angul> b5ea?1 & mu* compress$ & furr[$ ^u ! sides4 ,! v>i\s memb]s ( ^! gr\ps are all inhabitants ( nor!rn seas & ( ! creeks & bays ) :i* !y are contigu\s2 inde$1 except 9 ! w9t] "t1 !y seldom pass mu* beyond ! prec9cts ( ! frigid zone4 ,!y are all /rictly sea-birds2 inde$1 x is only dur+ ! bre$+ season t !y take up _! abode on t]ra firma2 at all o!r times !y live exclusively ^u ! wat]4 ,!y swim & dive ) rem>kable facility2 _! p[]s ( flight are mod]ately good1 & al?\gh !y d n will+ly walk1 !y are able to d s tol]ably well1 tread+ ^u ! soles ( _! feet1 & n %uffl+ along ^u _! t>si4 ,_! food consi/s exclusively ( cru/aceans & fi%es1 :i* !y are able to br+ up f a consid]able dep?4 ,!y live & fe$ toge!r1 exhibit+ consid]able sociability1 & dur+ ! bre$+ season !y assemble 9 flocks1 am\nt+ 9 "s species to ! numb] ( sev]al hundr$ ?\s& pairs1 & ?us become to ! inhabitants ( ! extreme nor? ( ine/imable importance4 ,9 _m settlem5ts on ! coa/ ( ,gre5l& !y1 next to ! seals1 con/itute ! mo/ important article ( food1 & fam9e w\ld be ! inevitable result ( _! ceas+ to visit _! usual bre$+-places 9 _! wont$ numb]s4 ,,! ,,gre5l& ,,dove1 ,,or ,,black ,,guillemot4 ,! ,,gre5l& ,,dove1 or ,,black ,,guillemot 7,cephus grylle71 "o ( ! be/-kn[n memb]s ( its family1 may be reg>d$ z ! repres5tative ( a di/9ct gr\p1 & is easily recognisable by its small size1 & comp>atively long1 sl5d]1 /raight beak1 :i* curves d[nw>ds at ! extremity ( ! upp] m&ible4 ,! legs are plac$ v f> back2 ! w+s are small & po9t$1 b furni%$ ) /rong quills2 ! %ort1 r\nd$ tail is compos$ ( f twelve to f\rte5 fea!rs4 ,! plumage is ?ick1 & ( velvety texture2 its coloration v>ies consid]ably at diff]5t ages & at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,:5 9 full dress at ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season1 ! plumage is glossy black1 %ad$ ) gre51 & enliv5$ by a :ite pat* ^u ! w+s4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak black1 & foot coral-r$4 ,9 its w9t] g>b ! "u side is spott$ black & :ite2 9 "y birds ! upp] p>ts are blacki%1 ! w+s be+ :ite /rip$ ) black1 ! belly :ite1 & ! re/ ( ! body spott$ ) blacki% grey4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is ?irte5 in*es1 bread? tw5ty-two in*es1 l5g? ( w+ six & a half in*es1 & ( tail two in*es4 ,! range ( ! ,black ,guillemot ext5ds f ab\t #hj to #ec nor? latitude3 )9 ?is zone x is met ) on e sea-coa/4 ,^! birds are seldom se5 assembl$ 9 l>ge numb]s2 !y g5]ally arrive 9 small p>ties1 or 9 pairs4 ,x is only :5 ! sea is froz5 ov]1 t !y congregate toge!r ar\nd any op5+s t may be met ) 9 ! ice1 & z soon z opportunity (f]s1 !y aga9 disp]se1 & di/ribute !mselves among _! usual haunts4 ,z ! sev]ity ( w9t] increases1 !y migrate fur!r t[>ds ! s\?1 & x is only at su* seasons t !y occur ^u our own %ores4 ,!re is always some?+ *e]ful 9 ! aspect ( ^! birds1 :e!r !y are se5 sitt+ upright on ! rocks1 or swimm+ & div+ 9 _! prop] elem5t2 !y float ^u ! wat] light & buoyant1 & z !y r[ !mselves gracefully along1 _! bright r$ feet (t5 become visible above ! surface4 ,:5 !y dive1 _! movem5ts are equally graceful2 a s+le backw>d /roke ( _! feet raises _! tails into ! air1 & in/antly !y disappe>1 )\t any visible di/urbance ( ! wat] ar\nd !m4 ,z soon z !y are fairly subm]g$1 !y p>tially op5 _! w+s1 & by ! aid ( ^!1 z well z ( _! feet1 !y %oot along ) great rapidity1 rema9+ "u wat] ab\t two m9utes be=e !y aga9 %[ !mselves4 ,:5 ! sea is tranquil & ! wat] cle>1 _! c\rse may be easily trac$ = a consid]able di/ance1 b we ?9k t "s obs]v]s h ov]-e/imat$ ! dep? to :i* !y are able to plunge4 ,_! flight is tol]ably good1 al?\gh1 ow+ to ! %ortness ( _! w+s1 !y are compell$ to make su* rapid /rokes z to produce a :irl+ s\nd4 ,:5 ab\t to fly1 !y rise f ! sea ) "s little difficulty1 & h to make consid]able ef=ts 9 ord] to get ! necess>y impetus2 b s soon z !y h atta9$ a c]ta9 elevation1 !y c m\nt rapidly to ! top ( ! cliffs1 ^u :i* !y frequ5tly take _! /ation4 ,_! voice diff]s consid]ably f t ( ! g5]ality ( _! cong5]s2 in/ead ( ! usual scream x is r a :i/l+ note4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 !y beg9 to assemble at _! bre$+-places 9 small flocks1 seldom consi/+ ( m ?an ?irty or =ty toge!r1 al?\gh millions ( o!r birds may resort to ! same locality2 & "h ea* pair selects a suitable r5t or fissure 9 ! rock1 at a %ort di/ance f ! entrance ( :i*1 t[>ds ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may1 ! female lays h] two eggs ^u ! b>e /one4 ,! eggs are tol]ably l>ge1 ) co>se lu/reless %ells ( a d+y :iti% or bluei% gre5 col\r1 spott$ ) a%y gre51 & /reak$ ) br[n or blacki% br[n pat*es4 ,%\ld ! eggs fir/ laid be remov$1 z !y v frequ5tly are :5 ! bre$+-places are accessible1 ! bre$+ pair w lay a second "t1 b usually only a s+le egg4 ,! p>5ts take _! turns 9 ! task ( incubation1 t[>ds ! close ( :i* !y sit s assidu\sly t !y w suff] !mselves to be captur$ r ?an des]t _! *>ge4 ,aft] ! lapse ( tw5ty-f\r days1 ! "y make _! appe>ance1 clad 9 a ?ick cov]+ ( greyi% d[n2 at fir/ !y are dilig5tly f$ ^u s&-worms1 small molluscs1 s&-eels1 & simil> f>e1 b !y are soon able to fi% = !mselves2 !y swim well f _! e>lie/ infancy1 b are n able to dive until !y are fully fl$g$4 ,9 ,gre5l& & ,icel&1 great numb]s ( ^! birds are kill$ & eat51 ! ,norwegians1 h[ev]1 are cont5t to take _! eggs4 ,_! fle% has a /rong flav\r ( tra9-oil1 /ill x may be r5d]$ eatable if prop]ly cook$2 9 ,lapl&1 ! "y birds are (t5 br\ght to table2 ! fea!rs1 also1 are us$ to fill b$s1 b !y are *iefly pr(itable on acc\nt ( _! eggs1 :i*1 al?\gh !y h a v peculi> ta/e1 are eag]ly s\ght aft]4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 accord+ to ,macgillivray1 ! ,black ,guillemot has no bre$+-places s\? ( ! ,twe$ & ,solway2 ! mo/ s\!rn po9t be+ ! ,bass ,rock at ! m\? ( ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 & ! ,isle ( ,man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,true ,,guillemots 7,uria7 are l>g] ?an ! above birds1 b v simil> 9 /ructure2 _! beak is elongat$1 ( mod]ate l5g?1 /raight & %>ply-po9t$1 slightly vault$ above1 & decid$ly angul> b5ea?2 its sides are compress$1 & edges some:at drawn 9 ! foot resembles t ( ,cephus grylle1 b ! toes are proportionately long]2 ! w+s are also small] & m po9t$1 & ! tail1 compos$ ( twelve fea!rs1 %ort]2 ! g5]al plumage is ?ick & compact2 ! "u surface is usually :ite & almo/ fur-l1 :il/ ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are m or less d>k br[n4 ,! ,guillemots pr9cipally inhabit nor!rn latitudes1 at c]ta9 seasons appe>+ 9 m temp]ate climates2 except dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation !y seldom visit ! l&1 b pass _! :ole "t ^u ! ocean4 ,!y are excell5t swimm]s1 & dive well1 us+ bo? feet & w+s = _! propulsion1 s t _! movem5ts b5ea? ! wat] are p]=m$ ) admirable rapidity & precision2 _! flight is rapid b hurri$1 &1 ow+ to ! %ortness ( _! w+s1 :irr+ & noisy4 ,s num]\s are ^! birds 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! bre$+-places1 t 7m especially if x be a rock ( a pyramidal =m7 !y resemble at a di/ance a great sw>m ( bees4 ,:5 desc5d+ into ! wat] to fi% = food1 _! w+s are kept q /raight & motionless4 ,except dur+ ! bre$+ season ^! flights are n (t5 attempt$1 at o!r times !y seldom leave ! wat]1 or if induc$ to take a %ort excursion1 by way ( ex]cis+ _! w+s1 !y soon drop d[n aga9 into ! fri5dly %elt] ( ! waves4 ,!y are almo/ unable to progress ^u dry l&2 occasionally1 h[ev]1 !y may be se5 ^u ! bea*1 half walk+ & half fly+1 ) a v peculi> gait1 some:at resembl+ danc+4 ,anyone :o has visit$ ! bre$+-places ( ^! birds w no long] wond] t !y h 9 all languages receiv$ names expressive ( fooli%ness & /upidity4 ,:5 9 ! wat] !y w (t5 let a boat come close to !m )\t %[+ ! slighte/ di/ru/ ( its dang]\s occupants1 & on dry l&1 su* is _! unconsci\sness ( h>m1 t !y w all[ a man to come )9 a few /eps ( !m )\t /irr+ f ! spot4 ,?is s-call$ /upidity or indol5ce is1 h[ev]1 easily explicable4 ,( man1 :o seldom visits _! wild resorts1 !y h no exp]i5ce1 & consequ5tly h n le>n$ to fe> him2 b %\ld a ,falcon or an ,eagle make its appe>ance1 ev5 9 ! remote di/ance1 ?\s&s ( !m at once take w+1 & ha/ily retreat to "s place ( safety4 ,! cliffs on :i* !y build pres5t a rem>kable spectacle2 rocks ab\nd+ 9 rifts1 cracks1 %elves1 & l$ges1 /ret*+ along ! %ore or ris+ abruptly f ! sea1 af=d !m ! situations !y pref]2 if isolat$1 solit>y1 & accessible to none b w+$ creatures1 s mu* ! m eligible4 ,!re1 ab\t ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april1 !y may be se5 to congregate1 _! numb]s gradually increas+ until c\ntless multitudes ?rong e available situation4 ,?\s&s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s sw>m ^u ! l$ges1 %elves1 & projections1 :]ev] ^! are to be f\nd1 & range !mselves 9 r[s l a regim5t ( soldi]s1 all ) _! :ite brea/s turn$ t[>ds ! sea1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s m may be se5 fly+ (f f ! l$ges ( ! cliffs d[n to ! wat] bel[1 :ile multitudes1 equally innum]able1 are z con/antly fly+ upw>ds f ! sea to ! cliff1 & :ole fleets are swimm+ & div+ 9 ! waves b5ea?4 ,/range to say1 al?\gh e place af=d+ foo?old is cr[d$ to excess1 ! utmo/ ord] & decorum ev]y:]e prevail2 ea* seems desir\s ( assi/+ & accommodat+ ! o!r1 s t disputes or battles seldom occur4 ,! c\ntless pairs ( :i* ?is va/ assembly consi/s exhibit ! utmo/ con/ancy & atta*m5t1 & may be se5 be=e ! eggs are laid1 keep+ con/antly toge!r1 c>ess+ ea* o!r ) _! beaks1 & ev9c+ ! greate/ affection4 ,!y fly (f toge!r to ! sea1 fi% toge!r = a supply ( food1 & !n return to _! ne/+-place1 :]e !y subsequ5tly %>e ! duties connect$ ) ! incubation ( ! eggs1 & ! procuration ( food = _! prog5y4 ,! female lays b a s+le v l>ge egg1 :i* is %ap$ l a pegtop1 & ?us1 by a simple b beautiful contrivance1 is prev5t$ f roll+ (f ! n>r[ l$ge on :i*1 )\t any o!r protection1 x safely re/s4 ,! egg is provid$ ) a co>se %ell1 spott$ & /reak$ ) d>k m>k+s ^u a light gr\nd1 b s v>iable are ! col\rs1 t out ( a hundr$ sc>cely two w be f\nd exactly alike4 ,! p]iod ( incubation ext5ds ov] f ?irty to ?irty-five days4 ,:5 ! "y makes its appe>ance x r resembles a ball ( greyi% black wool ?an a bird2 its coat ( d[n soon disappe>s2 its gr[? is rapid2 & 9 ab\t a mon? x is completely fl$g$4 ,,! ,,common ,,or ,,fooli% ,,guillemot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,or ,,fooli% ,,guillemot 7,uria troile74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 ,! ,,common or ,,fooli% ,,guillemot 7,uria troile71 9 its nuptial g>b1 is bright br[n ^u ! back & on ! =e p>ts ( ! neck2 ! po9ts ( ! fea!rs ^u ! upp] arm are :ite1 =m+ a conspicu\s b&4 ,! "u surface is :ite2 ! sides are /rip$ ) br[n4 ,9 ! w9t] dress bo? ! =e "p ( ?roat & h9d] "p ( *eek are :ite4 ,! eye is br[n1 beak black1 & foot grey4 ,?is species is sev5te5 in*es & a half long1 & f tw5ty-sev5 to tw5ty-eight broad2 ! w+ measures ?ree in*es & ! tail two & a half4 ,! ,common ,guillemots are to be se5 ar\nd ! ,briti% coa/ at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may !y assemble 9 _! bre$+-places on ! rocks1 :i* are also frequ5t$ by o!r birds = ! same purpose4 ,f ! numb]s t congregate1 obs]ves ,y>rell1 & ! bu/le app>5t among/ !m1 confusion ( int]e/s might be expect$2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x w be f\nd t ! ,guillemots occupy "o /ation1 or l9e ( l$ges on ! rocks1 ! ,razor-bills ano!r1 ! ,puff9s a ?ird1 ,kittiwake ,gulls a f\r?1 :il/ ! mo/ inaccessible p9nacles seem to be left = ! use ( ! less] ,black-back$ & ! ,h]r+ ,gulls4 ,two di/9ct species sc>cely ev] bre$ close by ! side ( ea* o!r4 ,! egg is laid on a l$ge or holl[ ( ! b>e rock3 x is pe>-%ap$1 ab\t ?ree in*es & a qu>t] long1 ( a bluei% gre51 or yell[i% gre5 col\r1 ) /reaks & blot*es ( br[n or black3 sometimes ! eggs are pla9 :ite or gre54 ,great numb]s ( ^! eggs are collect$ by m5 :o desc5d f ! cliff above by means ( ropes4 ,! eggs are hat*$ 9 ab\t a mon?4 ,! "y are f$ = a %ort "t on ! rocks by _! p>5ts1 aft] :i* !y accompany !m to ! sea4 ,9 :at mann] !y desc5d seems to be a problem4 ,mr4 ,wat]ton 0 assur$ by ! m5 ab\t ,flambor\gh ,head t :5 ! "y ,guillemot gets to a c]ta9 size1 x manages to climb on ! back ( ! old bird1 :i* conveys x d[n to ocean2 & ,mr4 ,y>rell1 9 support ( ?is /atem5t1 assures u t he has se5 at ! base ( v high cliffs 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight ! "y ( ,razor-bills & ,guillemots s small t !y c\ld n h made ! desc5t by !mselves f ! l(ty site ( _! bir?place )\t de/ruction2 yet ^! little birds knew p]fectly well h[ to take c>e ( !mselves1 & at ! approa* ( a boat w\ld swim away & dive l s _m ,dab*icks4 ,ab\t ,augu/1 old & "y leave ! rocks & take to op5 wat]4 ,audubon gives ! foll[+ curi\s description ( ^! birds on a gr\p ( rocks1 :i* consi/ ( sev]al l[ isl&s1 de/itute ( vegetation1 & at no great height f ! wat]4 ,"h ?\s&s ( ,guillemots annually assemble at ! beg9n+ ( ,may to deposit ea* its s+le egg & raise its "y4 ,z y approa* ^! isl&s1 ! air becomes d>k5$ ) ! multitudes ( ^! birds t fly ab\t4 ,e squ>e foot ( ! gr\nd seems to be occupi$ by a ,guillemot plant$ erect1 z x 71 on ! granite rock1 b c>efully w>m+ its *]i%$ egg4 ,all look t[>ds ! s\?1 & if y are front+ !m1 ! sn[y :ite ( _! bodies produces a rem>kable effect1 = ! birds at "s di/ance look z if de/itute ( head1 s mu* does t "p assimilate ) ! d>k hue ( ! rocks on :i* !y /&4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y approa* !m 9 ! re>1 ! isle appe>s z if cov]$ ) a black pall4 ,,! ,,little ,,auk1 ,,or ,,guillemot4 ,! ,,little ,,auk1 or ,,guillemot 7,arctica or ,m]gulus ,alle71 is recognisable by its %ort ?ick beak1 :i* is vault$ above1 mu* turn$ 9 at its cutt+ edge1 & incis$ ne> its %>p po9t2 9 old birds ! bill is furr[$ 9 front ( ! oval-%ap$ no/ril ap]tures4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is deep black1 pal] ^u ! =e neck2 ! "u surface is :ite1 /rip$ ) br[n ^u ! sides2 ! foot is bluei%4 ,9 w9t] ! ?roat is :iti% & ! neck d>k grey4 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is f n9e to t5 in*es1 bread? sixte5 to eighte5 in*es1 l5g? ( w+ five & a half to six in*es1 & t ( tail "o in* & "o-eigh? to "o & ?ree-eigh?s4 ,! ,little ,auk is 9 ,gre5l& g5]ally kn[n to ! :ale-fi%]s z ! ,ice ,bird1 f an idea t its pres5ce 9 any consid]able numb]s betok5s ! vic9ity ( ice4 ,x is usually f\nd )9 ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,capta9 ,p>ry f\nd x ev5 z f> nor? z #hb nor? latitude2 & !y 7 num]\s betwe5 #ha & #hb4 ,ar\nd ,spitzb]g51 & ,nova ,zembla1 & ne> ,gre5l&1 x is common2 fur!r s\? x is mu* sc>c]2 9 ,great ,brita9 x is only a w9t] visitor1 & is mo/ frequ5tly se5 9 ! ,orkney & ,%etl& ,isles2 specim5s h1 h[ev]1 be5 se5 ^u ! ,engli% coa/1 ev5 z f> s\? z ,k5t4 ,^! birds only visit ! %ores = ! purpose ( incubation1 except :5 driv5 inl& by viol5t /orms2 ! ocean is _! home1 & !re !y may be se5 rid+ joyfully ^u ! surge or sleep+ tranquilly ) _! beak buri$ among _! fea!rs ev5 amid ! rag+ ( ! bill[s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my voyages across ! ,atlantic1 obs]ves ,audubon1 ,i h (t5 obs]v$ ! ,little ,guillemots 9 small gr\ps1 ris+ & fly+ to %ort di/ances at ! approa* ( ! %ip1 or div+ close to ! b[ & reappe>+ a little way beh9d4 ,n[ ) exp&$ w+s !y w\ld flutt] & run z x 7 on ! face ( ! deep2 aga9 !y w\ld seem to be busily engag$ 9 procur+ food1 :i* app>5tly consi/$ ( %rimps1 o!r cru/acea1 & p>ticles ( seawe$s4 ,! ,little ,auk mu/ c]ta9ly be reg>d$ z ! gaye/ & briske/ memb] ( its family2 :5 visit+ ! %ore x /eps nimbly along on its toes1 vani%es f obs]vation among ! /ones1 or creeps l a m\se into crevices 9 ! rocks4 ,:5 out at sea x swims & dives ) wond]ful alacrity1 rema9+ "u wat] = ev5 m ?an a c\ple ( m9utes4 ,its flight resembles t ( ! birds above describ$1 b x moves its little w+s ev5 m rapidly ?an !y4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season ! ,little ,auks congregate 9 imm5se numb]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ! isl&s on :i* ! eggs are to be deposit$4 ,ea* pair seeks a suitable spot among ! /ones t h fall5 ^u ! bea*1 & !re lays a s+le egg ( ab\t ! same size z t ( ! ,pigeon1 & ( a :iti% col\r slightly t+$ ) blue4 ,h[ long incubation cont9ues is unkn[n2 x has1 h[ev]1 be5 asc]ta9$ t bo? p>5ts att5d to _! solit>y "y "o 7:i* makes its appe>ance clad 9 greyi% d[n7 supply+ x ) food until x is fl$g$ & capable ( fly+ out to sea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,/>ikis 7,phal]es71 a race ( birds occupy+ nor!rn regions1 appe> to "s ext5t to claim relation%ip ) ! ,auks & ,div]s1 b are at once di/+ui%able f !m by ! fl[+ cre/ :i* adorns _! head4 ,_! beak is %ort1 & v mu* depress$1 broad1 & ( a some:at triangul> %ape1 x is incis$ t[>ds ! tip1 & slightly vault$ above4 ,! %ort sl5d] feet are plac$ v f> backw>ds2 ! w+s are ( mod]ate l5g?1 & tail v %ort4 ,! ?ick plumage is r brightly col\r$4 ,mo/ ( ! species belong+ to ?is gr\p are met ) betwe5 ! nor? coa/ ( ,asia1 & ! nor?-we/ %ores ( ,am]ica4 ,^! birds live 9 small flocks1 swimm+ ) ease & cel]ity :ile 9 que/ ( _! food1 :i* consi/s ( cru/acea1 mollusca1 & o!r m>9e animals4 ,z ! night approa*es !y seek ! %ore1 :]e1 "u ! l$ges ( ! rocks1 or 9 burr[s dug ) _! bills & feet1 !y retire to re/4 ,! s+le egg is deposit$ 9 simil> situations4 ,,! ,,/>iki4 ,! ,,/>iki 7,phal]is cri/atella7 pres5ts z its mo/ conspicu\s feature a sort ( plume ^u ! head1 consi/+ ( six or eight rem>kable fea!rs1 plac$ close toge!r2 o!r fea!rs ( simil> "*1 & ( a pale :ite1 ornam5t ! sides ( ! head1 & project ov] ! orig9 ( ! bill4 ,! plumage ( ! adult bird is blacki% br[n ^u ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & bluei% grey b5ea?1 %ad+ ^u ! belly to a yell[i% grey4 ,! w+-quills & tail are black1 ! out]mo/ quill be+ spott$ ) br[n1 & ! re/ ) :ite4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 beak coral-r$1 & foot bluei%4 ,9 "y birds ! tuft ^u ! head is want+2 ! fea!rs on ! br[ are black1 ) :ite %afts2 ! entire upp] portion ( ! body is black1 except ! region ( ! %\ld]1 :i* is grey2 ! ?roat is greyi% yell[1 & "u surface pure :ite4 ,9 its g5]al appe>ance ?is bird resembles a l>ge ,quail4 ,/ell]1 :o fir/ discov]$ ! ,/>iki1 met ) x 9 ,behr+'s ,/raits2 subsequ5t naturali/s h trac$ x f !nce to ! ,sea ( ,japan & ! nor? coa/s ( ,am]ica4 ,9 disposition ^! birds are social & lively4 ,kittlitz tells u he has se5 small p>ties ( !m swimm+ & div+ toge!r 9 twos & ?rees4 ,we le>n f ! same au?ority t ea* pair lays two eggs1 :i* are mod]ately l>ge1 & ( an elongat$ =m4 ,! %ell is br[ni% :ite1 speckl$ & m>k$ ) br[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,auks 7,alc7 may 9 c]ta9 s5ses be consid]$ z int]m$iate betwe5 ! ,guillemots & ! ,c\lt]nebs1 resembl+ ! =m] 9 ! coloration ( _! plumage & mode ( life1 & ! latt] 9 ! peculi> /ructure ( _! bill4 ,! beak is ( mod]ate l5g?1 v n>r[1 & v high2 ! upp] m&ible b5ds l a b[ along ! culm51 :ile ! l[] "o turns angul>ly upw>ds1 & is furr[$ t[>ds its base2 ! cutt+ edge1 :i* is also curv$1 is exce$+ly %>p4 ,! tail is %ort1 & consi/s ( twelve n>r[ fea!rs2 ! w+s are sl5d]1 long1 po9t$1 & sometimes sabre-%ap$4 ,9 _! habits & modes ( life ^! /range-look+ birds closely resemble ! ,guillemots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,assemblage ,,( ,,auks4 ,,! ,,razor-,,bill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,auk1 ,,or ,,! ,,giant ,,p5gu9 7,alca p+u9us or imp5nis74 ,! ,,razor-,,bill 7,alca torda7 is f sixte5 to sev5te5 in*es long1 by tw5ty-six & a half to tw5ty-sev5 9 bread?2 ! l5g? ( w+ is eight in*es1 & t ( tail ?ree & a half4 ,:5 9 nuptial co/ume1 ?is species is black ^u ! upp] "p ( body & =e neck2 a n>r[ b& pass+ f ! base ( ! beak to ! eye1 a l9e =m$ by ! tips ( ! second>y quills1 & ! brea/ & belly are all pure :ite4 ,9 w9t] ! neck & sides ( head are :ite4 ,9 "y birds ! col\rs are indi/9ct4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 beak black1 ) a transv]se l9e ( :ite1 & foot black4 ,! ,razor-bill is emphatically a sea-bird1 pass+ ! great] "p ( its "t ^u ! ocean1 & liv+ f ye>'s end to ye>'s end almo/ 9 ! same locality4 ,9 w9t] ^! birds may be se5 9 great numb]s 9 all ! ,norwegian fjords1 f :i* !y are abs5t dur+ ! summ]4 ,!y appe> likewise ) "s regul>ity ^u ! nor? %ores ( ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,great ,brita91 w5d+ _! way back at ! com+ ( spr+1 to bre$ 9 m nor!rn latitudes4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may !y resort to ! same bre$+-places z ! gr\ps above describ$1 & t 9 ev5 /ill great] numb]s4 ,boje obs]v$ a flight ( ,razor-bills measur+ at lea/ a ?\s& y>ds across1 & :i* 0 s long 9 pass+ ov] 8 head t he _h "t to load & fire 8 gun t5 times into ! ?ick ( ! pass+ multitudes4 ,we ourselves h se5 equally num]\s flights4 ,^u ! ,nyk5 dur+ ! bre$+ season !y may be c\nt$ by hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 sitt+ 9 pairs & little societies ^u e available projection ( ! rock1 b5d+ & twi/+ _! heads 9 all directions1 ) mo/ ludicr\s p]t9acity4 ,9 ^! nor!rn regions !y are s fe>less ( man t !y w all[ !mselves to be approa*$ )9 a few hundr$ paces )\t exhibit+ ! slighte/ mi/ru/4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we tri$ to seize "o ( !m1 !y ?rew !mselves headlong into ! sea1 f :5ce1 aft] hav+ swum ab\t & div$ a little1 !y aga9 asc5d$ to _! re/+-place4 ,^u rocks mu* resort$ to by sea-f[l we h obs]v$ t ! ,razor-bills always take possession ( r5ts & crevices1 9 :i* !y deposit _! egg4 ,"s are f\nd "u /ones1 & a few 9 holes4 ,ea* pair produces b a s+le egg1 :i* is ( l>ge size1 mu* elongat$1 & v v>iable bo? 9 col\r & m>k+s1 insomu* t no two c be f\nd exactly alike4 ,! "y :5 hat*$ are clad 9 a ?ick coat ( br[ni% black d[n1 ) :ite faces4 ,be=e !y are half gr[n !y become impati5t ( long] conf9em5t1 & app>5tly excit$ by ! noise ar\nd !m1 ?r[ !mselves into ! sea b5ea?1 or roll !mselves ov] & ov] ^u ! rocks until !y rea* x4 ,! p>5ts imm$iately foll[ !m1 & in/ruct !m h[ to obta9 food4 ,?is fir/ leap ( ! "y is a v haz>d\s proce$+1 & ?\s&s1 in/ead ( fall+ into ! wat]1 are da%$ to pieces on ! /ones1 insomu* t at ?is season ! foot ( ! rock is lit]ally cov]$ ) _! mangl$ rema9s4 ,,! ,,great ,,auk4 ,! ,,great ,,auk 7,alca p+u9us or imp5nis74 ,?is extraord9>y bird occupi$ ! nor!rn regions ( ! ,atlantic at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is c5tury1 b is n[ app>5tly ext9ct1 ow+ to ! det]m9$ pursuit to :i* x has be5 subject$4 ,s abundant 0 x ev5 a few ye>s ago1 t x 0 us$ 9 ,gre5l& & ,icel& z an article ( food--at pres5t its /uff$ sk9 c\ld n be b\ght = its weight 9 gold4 ,?is species is describ$ by ,flem+ z a ,briti% bird1 & he assures u t x n unfrequ5tly br$ 9 ! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,kilda4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>k ( ?is int]e/+ species 0 ! rudim5t>y condition ( its w+s1 = w+s !y mu/ be call$1 pres5t+ z !y d all ! p>ts met ) 9 ord9>y birds1 b yet s small z to be q useless z in/rum5ts ( flight4 ,! beak1 z may be se5 9 /uff$ specim5s1 is elongat$ & v high1 & g5tly curv$ along its culm52 ! l[] jaw is deep & vault$1 b mu* compress$ at its sides2 its cutt+ edge f ! corn] ( ! m\? to beyond ! no/rils is ne>ly /raight1 b beyond t b5ds d[nw>ds at an obtuse angle to ! tip4 ,! sides ( ! bill pres5t sev]al furr[s t[>ds its ant]ior extremity3 ( ^!1 six or sev5 are on ! upp]1 & n9e or t5 on ! l[] m&ible4 ,! /ructure ( ! foot resembles t ( o!r ,auks1 z does ! plumage4 ,! tail is also compos$ ( ! same numb] ( fea!rs4 ,its /ature is ne>ly t ( a ,goose2 its l5g? be+ ab\t ?irty in*es2 ! w+s are n m ?an six & a half or sev5 & a half2 ! tail measures ?ree in*es or ?ree & a half4 ,^u ! upp] surface ! plumage is glossy black2 on ! ?roat blacki% br[n2 an oval :ite pat* is situat$ imm$iately 9 front ( ! eye4 ,! "u side & a ?9 /reak across ! tips ( ! second>y w+-quills are :ite4 ,! w9t] plumage is entirely :ite4 ,! beak & feet are black4 ,! hi/ory ( a bird s rec5tly blott$ out f ! li/ ( liv+ creatures becomes a subject ( consid]able int]e/1 & sev]al writ]s h endeav\r$ to rescue f oblivion ! pr9cipal facts record$ conc]n+ its habits & mode ( life4 ,previ\s to ^! inquiries1 x 0 g5]ally und]/ood t ! ,great ,auk inhabit$ all p>ts ( ! ,froz5 ,ocean2 su*1 h[ev]1 appe>s n to h be5 ! case4 ,we h no pro( t x ev] visit$ ! coa/ ( ,spitzb]g51 nor has x be5 f\nd on ! %ores ( ,nor? ,am]ica ev5 at v high latitudes4 ,x is au!ntically /at$ t x us$ =m]ly to bre$ on ! ,f>oe ,isles & 0 a frequ5t visitor to ! ,hebrides4 ,brllock obta9$ "o f ! latt] isl&s 9 #ahab1 & ,flem+ 0 pres5t at ! capture ( ano!r on ,/4 ,kilda's ,isle 9 #ahbb4 ,a dead specim5 0 wa%$ a%ore 9 ,norm&y 9 #ahcj1 & ?is is ! fur!/ po9t s\? x is kn[n to h rea*$4 ,at "o "t x seems to h be5 num]\s ^u ! reefs & rocky islets contigu\s to ,newf\ndl&4 ,ov] ^! rocks a =midable surf cont9ually breaks1 & x 0 probably on acc\nt ( _! inaccessibility t ^! situations 7 select$ z safe bre$+-places4 ,"s ( ^! reefs are /ill kn[n by names indicative ( ?is circum/ance1 ,geirfuglask]1 = example1 mean+ ! ,great ,auk's ,rock4 ,9 #ahcj1 a collector ( sk9s1 ( ! "n ( ,g\dmundson und]took two exp$itions 9 se>* ( ^! birds2 9 ! fir/ he obta9$ twelve or ?irte51 & 9 ! second eight specim5s2 ! great] "p ( :i* f\nd _! way into museums4 ,o!rs 7 procur$ 9 ! same mann] till #ahdd1 :5 two only1 probably ! la/ ( _! race1 7 tak54 ,we w briefly relate ! p>ticul>s ( _! capture1 z !y w ?r[ "s light ^u ! habits ( ^! birds4 ,! exp$ition s5t 9 se>* ( !m consi/$ ( f\rte5 m51 :o />t$ 9 a boat f ,kyrkjuebogr "o ev5+ 9 ,june1 & came next morn+ to ! ,isl& ( ,eldey1 a /eep rock ris+ precipitately f ! sea1 & =m+ 9 "o place a k9d ( plat=m1 to :i* ! sea rises at high wat]-m>k4 ,on ?is plat=m 7 se5 two ,great ,auks sitt+ amid/ a c\ntless ho/ ( small] species1 & ^! at once became ! objects ( attack4 ,! fright5$ creatures made n ! slighte/ attempt at resi/ance1 b imm$iately began to run d[n ! cliff1 _! heads out/ret*$ & little w+s display$4 ,not)/&+ ! %ortness ( _! legs !y ran ) consid]able spe$1 b 71 h[ev]1 soon ov]tak5--a sailor ) outspread arms drove "o ( !m into a corn] & held x fa/--! o!r 0 seiz$ close to ! edge ( ! rock4 ,9 #aheh1 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,wolley & ,alfr$ ,newton w5t to ,icel&1 b 7 unable to l& on ! ,auk ,skua1 or ev5 to see a bird4 ,!y obta9$ bones f ! inhabitants4 ,sir ,l4 ,m',cl9tock1 ( ! ,fox1 says3 ,! ,great ,auk has n be5 met ) on any ( ! mod]n ,arctic exp$itions4 ,i 0 told 9 ,s\? ,gre5l& tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 t a "y specim5 0 obta9$1 b am n sure ( ! fact4 ,! resid5t ,europeans are q aw>e ( ! value atta*$ by naturali/s to ?is bird1 s h kept a %>p look-out = x4 ,mr4 ,proctor1 ( ,durham ,museum1 writes3 ,"o bird 0 b\ght 9 #ahcd by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,gisborne1 = #h4 ,i 0 9 ,icel& 9 #ahcc1 & made e inquiry = x1 b nev] saw a s+le bird4 ,i w5t to ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,icel& 9 #ahcg 9 se>* ( x aga91 & travell$ ?r\gh ! nor!rn p>ts z f> z ,gremsey ,icel&--a small isl& =ty miles nor? ( ! ma9l&--b c\ld n meet ) x4 ,i h nev] se5 ! bird alive1 nei!r h ,i _h ! eggs4 ,a fi%]man 9 ,icel& _h two birds & two eggs 9 #ahdf4 ,! birds 7 s5t to ,cop5hag52 ! eggs 7 brok54 ,! ,great ,auk inhabits ! ,arctic seas1 b is s dim9i%+ 9 numb]s z n[ to be r>ely se54 ,x ext5ds f ! ,arctic ,regions to ! ,orkneys1 9 :i* isl&s1 h[ev]1 only ?ree ( f\r specim5s 7a bird ( ?is species1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,bullock1 0 kill$ 9 ,bucks7 h be5 se5 9 ! memory ( ! olde/ inhabitant4 ,two individuals are record$ z hav+ be5 tak5 at ,/4 ,kilda 9 #ahbb & #ahbi2 "o 9 ,buck+ham%ire2 ano!r f\nd dead at ,lundy ,isl&1 #ahbi2 ano!r tak5 alive 9 #ahcd1 (f ! coa/ ( ,wat]=d4 ,attempts h be5 made to impose on collectors by ! manufacture ( spuri\s ,auks' eggs4 ,!y are consid]$ z copies ( ! true egg1 v clev]ly done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giant ,,p5gu9s4 ,! natives ( ! ,orkneys1 says ,montagu1 in=m$ ,mr4 ,bullock1 on 8 t\r ?r\gh ^? isl&s sev]al ye>s ago1 t only "o male _h made its appe>ance = a long "t1 :i* _h regul>ly visit$ ,papa ,we/ra = sev]al seasons4 ,! female1 :i* ! natives call ! ,que5 ( ! ,auks1 0 kill$ j be=e ,mr4 ,bullock's arrival4 ,! k+1 or male1 ,mr4 ,bullock _h ! pleasure ( *as+ = sev]al h\rs 9 a six-o>$ boat1 b )\t be+ able to kill him1 ?\gh he frequ5tly got ne> him1 s exp]t 0 ! bird 9 its natural elem5t1 t x appe>$ impossible to %oot him4 ,! rapidity ) :i* he pursu$ 8 c\rse "u wat] 0 q incr$ible4 ,?is bird 0 s5t to ,mr4 ,bullock ab\t a =tnight aft] 8 dep>ture1 & at ! sale ( 8 collection became ! prop]ty ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* possesses 9 all two birds & two eggs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c\lt]neb1 ,,or ,,arctic ,,puff94 ,mr4 ,*ampley1 :o has lately made a t\r ?r\gh ,europe & collect$ evid5ce ( e bird & egg kn[n to exi/1 computes ! :ole at ?irty-f\r birds & =ty-two eggs1 ( :i* ,engl& has f\rte5 birds & tw5ty-f\r eggs4 ,audubon tells u t ,mr4 ,h5ry ,havell1 ! bro!r ( 8 engrav]1 :5 on 8 passage f ,new ,york to ,engl& hook$ a ,great ,auk on ! banks ( ,newf\ndl& 9 extremely boi/]\s wea!r4 ,on be+ haul$ on bo>d x 0 left at lib]ty on deck4 ,x walk$ v awkw>dly1 (t5 tumbl+ ov]1 bit e "o )9 rea* ( its p[]ful bill1 & refus$ food ( all k9ds4 ,aft] cont9u+ "s days on bo>d1 x 0 re/or$ to its prop] elem5t4 ,9 a lett] f ,hakluyt1 writt5 s f> back z #aegh1 we le>n ! reason ( ! rapid ext9ction ( ^! /range birds2 ?is writ] /ates t 9 a locality kn[n z ,p5gu9 ,isl& !y 7 s num]\s & s tame t flocks ( !m 7 driv5 ov] a plank into a boat until ! boat 0 full4 ,! ,fr5*1 he adds1 are 9 ! habit ( salt+ ! fle% ( ^! birds4 ,we le>n f v>i\s s\rces t ^! birds swam well1 ) head erect1 & neck ?r[n back2 if al>m$1 !y imm$iately div$4 ,:5 ^u l& !y sat bolt upright1 & runn+ held !mselves erect1 walk+ ) %ort /eps2 if al>m$1 !y at once ?r[ !mselves into ! sea4 ,! voice is describ$ z a feeble croak4 ,^! birds 7 nev] kn[n to def5d _! eggs1 b :5 laid hold ( w\ld bite sev]ely4 ,_! adroitness 9 ! wat] 0 su* t ,mr4 ,bullock1 z relat$ by ,montagu1 foll[$ "o ( !m ab\t = h\rs 9 a six-o>$ boat )\t be+ able to get ne> x4 ,! food ( ! ,great ,auk consi/$ entirely ( fi%es4 ,! s+le egg laid by ! female 0 deposit$ 9 ,june2 9 size1 ?is egg exce$$ t ( any o!r ,european species1 be+ upw>ds ( five in*es long2 ! %ell 0 ?ick1 lu/reless1 co>se1 & ( a dirty :ite1 v>i\sly m>k$ ) br[n & black4 ,! male & female1 we are told1 sat alt]nately ^u _! eggs3 ! "y 7 at fir/ cov]$ ) d>k grey d[n1 & soon f\nd _! way into ! wat]4 ,,! ,,c\lt]neb1 ,,or ,,arctic ,,puff94 ,! ,,c\lt]neb1 or ,,arctic ,,puff9 7,mormon frat]cula71 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable birds we h yet describ$1 al?\gh an inhabitant ( nor!rn regions1 is a regul> summ] visitant to our own1 :]e x is kn[n by a great v>iety ( names all indicative ( ! /rang5ess ( its appe>ance1 su* z ! ,pope1 ,mullet1 ,sea ,p>rot1 ,jammie1 & ! ,norrie4 ,! ,c\lt]neb is at once recognisable f all its bre?r5 by ! peculi> /ructure ( its beak1 ! %ortness ( its neck1 & ! %ape ( its head4 ,its bill1 :5 se5 9 pr(ile1 has a some:at triangul> %ape1 be+ high at ! base1 & rem>kably compress$ at its sides2 at its orig9 x is cov]$ ) a ?ick fold ( sk9 :i* is prolong$ ar\nd ! corn] ( ! m\?2 its ant]ior is deeply furr[$1 r obtuse at its tip1 & v %>ply edg$4 ,9 ?is la/ respect ! beak _c be comp>$ ) t ( any o!r bird4 ,! feet are ?ree-to$1 /rongly webb$1 & provid$ ) %>p claws1 ! po9ts ( :i* are turn$ sideways2 ! small feeble w+ is r\nd$ at its extremity1 & ! %ort tail compos$ ( sixte5 fea!rs4 ,! plumage on ! upp] p>ts ( ! body is %ort1 ?ick1 compact1 & smoo?1 :il/ und]nea? x is some:at long]1 & m fur-l 9 appe>ance4 ,! top ( ! head1 a b& ar\nd ! neck1 & ! entire mantle are black2 ! *eeks & ?roat a%-grey4 ,! "u p>ts ( ! body are :ite %ad+ to grey or black at ! sides4 ,! eye is d>k br[n1 eye-r+ coral-r$1 beak pale r$ at its tip1 light] 9 ! furr[s1 & bluei% grey t[>ds ! base2 ! corn] ( ! m\? is orange-yell[1 & ! foot v]milion-r$4 ,! "y birds are di/+ui%able by ! comp>ative %all[ness ( _! beaks1 & ! inf]ior brilliancy ( _! col\rs4 ,?is /range bird is twelve in*es long1 & tw5ty-?ree to tw5ty-?ree & a half broad2 ! w+ measures six in*es & a half to six & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & ! tail two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,! ,c\lt]nebs inhabit ! nor!rn seas z f> z #hb nor? latitude1 & are met ) equally ^u ! nor!rn coa/s ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica2 a few pairs are kn[n to bre$ 9 ,heligol&2 fur!r nor? !y become m abundant1 & 9 ! ,froz5 ,ocean !y swim 9 c\ntless multitudes2 inde$1 millions ( !m may be se5 9 ! summ]-"t cr[d+ ! vic9ity ( _! bre$+-places4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 !y appe> on ! coa/ ab\t ,april1 & betake !mselves to v>i\s /ations = ! purpose ( bre$+1 frequ5t+ = ?is purpose ! cliffs or turfy gr\nd above !m1 & occasionally mak+ use ( rabbit-burr[s4 ,! ,isles ( ,man1 ,anglesea1 & ,wight1 are all frequ5t$ by !m1 & also ! ,scilly ,isles1 :i* 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury 7 held "u ! k+ = ! annual paym5t ( six %ill+s & eightp5ce or #cjj ,puff9s4 ,! ,york%ire coa/1 ! ,f]n ,isl&s1 & ! coa/s & isl&s ( ,scotl& are also frequ5t$ by !m4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,labrador1 says ,audubon1 is ,p]roquet ,isl&1 kn[n to all ! cod-fi%]s1 & celebrat$ = ! numb] ( ,puff9s t annually bre$ !re4 ,z we r[$ t[>ds x1 al?\gh we f\nd ! wat] lit]ally cov]$ ) ?\s&s ( ^! birds1 ! numb] t flew ov] & ar\nd ! gre5 isl& seem$ mu* great]1 insomu* t "o might h imag9$ half ! ,puff9s 9 ! _w _h assembl$ !re4 ,?is f>-fam$ isle is ( consid]able ext5t2 its %ores are gu>d$ by numb]less blocks ( rock1 & )9 a few y>ds ( x ! wat] is sev]al fa?oms 9 dep?4 ,! gr\nd rises 9 ! =m ( an amphi!atre to ! height ( ab\t sev5ty feet1 ! greate/ be+ f nor? to s\?1 & its s\!rn extremity front+ ! ,/rait ( ,belleisle4 ,= e burr[ 9 ! isl& previ\sly visit$ by u1 !re seem$ to be a hundr$ "h2 on e crag & /one /ood a ,puff91 at ! entrance ( e hole ano!r1 & yet ! sea 0 cov]$ & ! air fill$ by !m4 99 99 99 ,! burr[s 7 all inhabit$ by "y birds1 ( diff]5t ages & sizes1 & cl\ds ( ,puff9s flew ov] our heads ea* hold+ a fi% by ! head4 99 99 99 ,:ile fly+ ! ,puff9s emitt$ a deep croak+ noise1 b !y nev] dropp$ ! fi%1 & _m ( !m1 :5 br\ght d[n by a %ot1 /ill held _! prey fa/4 ,i beheld ) conc]n ! extraord9>y affection manife/$ by ^! birds t[>ds ea* o!r1 = :5ev] "o fell dead or w\nd$ on ! wat] its mate or a /rang] imm$iately alight$ by its side1 swam ar\nd x1 pu%$ x ) its bill1 z if to urge x ei!r to fly or dive1 & seldom w\ld leave x until an o> 0 rais$ to knock x on ! head1 :51 at la/ aw>e ( ! dang]1 x w\ld plunge bel[ 9 an in/ant4 ,^? :i* fell w\nd$ imm$iately ran ) spe$ to "s hole & div$ into x1 on :i* no fur!r ef=t 0 made to secure !m4 ,^? :i* happ5$ to be caught alive 9 ! h& bit mo/ sev]ely1 & scrat*$ ) _! claws at su* a rate1 t we 7 glad to let !m escape4 ,! burr[s "h communicat$ 9 v>i\s ways ) ea* o!r1 s t ! :ole isl& 0 p]=at$ z if by a multitude ( subt]ranean labyr9?s1 ov] :i* "o c\ld n run )\t dang] ( fall+ at almo/ e /ep4 ,! voices ( ! "y s\nd$ b5ea? our feet l voices f ! grave1 & ! /5* 0 extremely disagreeable1 s t z soon z our boats 7 fill$ ) birds we 7 glad to get away4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( our visit ! birds nev] left ! place1 b con/antly att5d$ to _! avocations4 ,"h "o w\ld rise f b5ea?1 !re )9 a few y>ds ( u ano!r w\ld alight ) a fi% & dive into its burr[1 or fe$ ! "y t /ood wait+ at ! entrance4 ,! "y birds 7 f> f be+ fri5dly ) ea* o!r1 & ^? we c>ri$ ) u kept cont9ually fight+ s long z we kept !m alive4 ,!y us$ _! yet extremely small & sl5d] bills ) great c\rage & p]t9acity1 & _! cries resembl$ ! wail+s ( "y :elps4 ,! small] individuals 7 f$ by ! p>5ts by regurgitation1 or receiv$ little pieces ( fi% :i* 7 plac$ 9 _! m\?s2 ! l>g] pick$ up ! fi% t 7 dropp$ be=e !m1 b almo/ all ( !m seem$ to crawl to ! entrance ( ! hole = ! purpose ( be+ f$4 ,9 all ! burr[s t communicat$ ) o!rs1 a r\nd place 0 scoop$ out on "o side ( ! av5ue1 9 ! =m ( an ov51 :il/ 9 ^? t 7 s+le ?is ov5-l place 0 f\nd at ! end1 & 0 l>g] ?an ! corridor4 ,all ! passages 7 flatti% above & r\nd$ b5ea? z well z on ! sides4 ,9 _m in/ances we f\nd two birds sitt+ ea* on its egg 9 ! same hole4 ,_! brood consi/s ( b a s+le egg1 ab\t ! size ( t ( a ,duck2 ( ?is ! %ell is co>se & unev51 & ! col\r pure :ite1 at lea/ until !y become soil$ & dirty4 ,bo? sexes sit ^u ! eggs by turns1 b h[ long ! process ( incubation la/s we are unable to /ate2 "s obs]v]s say five weeks4 ,! dress ( ! newly-hat*$ "y is compos$ ( a ?ick d[n1 ( a light grey col\r1 spott$ ) coal-black4 ,dur+ ! fir/ day or two ( its life1 its cry is pip+ & v sad2 b ! note soon gets /rong]1 yet x is n till !y are fl$g$ t !y le>n to utt] ! %rill peculi> cry ( ! old birds4 ,! "y gr[ sl[ly1 & aft] ! lapse ( a mon? are able to leave _! holes1 &1 "u ! guidance ( _! p>5ts1 plunge into ! sea4 ,bo? p>5ts ev9ce ! greate/ affection = _! "y "o2 !y g miles away 9 ord] to procure x food1 & w face any dang] 9 its def5ce4 ,sometimes1 if ! female is lo/1 ! male w take ^u himself ! entire *>ge ( 8 ne/l+1 def5d+ x ) really s]i\s bites ( 8 =midable beak1 & indefatigably provid+ = x ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,%\ld _! fir/ egg be tak5 away1 ! "m lays a second1 &1 if depriv$ ( t1 a ?ird1 g5]ally 9 ! same hole4 ,if bo? p>5ts are de/roy$1 o!r birds w supply _! places1 & volunt>ily devote !mselves bo? to ! incubation ( ! egg & ! re>+ ( ! "y4 ,! own]s ( ! localities :]e ^! birds build make !m a s\rce ( consid]able pr(it2 !y always rob ! birds ( _! fir/ egg1 b g5]ally leave ! second to be hat*$ & re>$2 z soon z x is ne>ly fl$g$1 h[ev]1 x likewise is tak5 possession (1 & ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s are ?us kill$ & salt$ = w9t] food4 ,9 ! ,f]n ,isl&s1 !re be+ no rabbit-holes1 ^! ,puff9s are oblig$ to dig _! own burr[s4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,selby1 ?is op]ation is comm5c$ 9 ,may1 a hole be+ g5]ally excavat$ to a dep? ( ?ree feet1 (t5 9 a curv+ direction1 & occasionally ) two entrances4 ,s int5t are ! birds ^u _! "w ( digg+1 :i* is g5]ally p]=m$ by ! males1 t !y w sometimes all[ !mselves to be captur$ by ! h&2 ! same au?ority /ates t a simil> indiff]5ce to :at is pass+ ar\nd !m is noticeable dur+ ! bus9ess ( incubation4 ,9 ,/4 ,kilda1 :]e _! return is hail$ ) joy z af=d+ an abundant supply ( food1 !y are tak5 bo? by h& & by means ( a horsehair noose1 atta*$ to ! end ( a rod4 ,! ,c\lt]nebs c sc>cely be call$ birds ( passage1 al?\gh dur+ ! w9t] season _m ( !m j\rney f> s\?2 /rictly speak+1 !y only migrate f _! bre$+-places to ! op5 sea1 & h5ce back aga9 to ! cliffs & isl&s1 :]e !y re> _! "y4 ,_! life1 inde$1 may be consid]$ z consi/+ ( two epo*s1 viz41 _! summ] resid5ce ^u ! rocks1 & _! w9t] life ^u ! ocean2 ( ?is latt] "p ( _! exi/5ce we h /ill mu* to le>n4 ,our fir/ acqua9tance ) ! ,c\lt]nebs began 9 ! vic9ity ( ,l(fod51 & ! fir/ circum/ance :i* arre/$ our att5tion 0 ! mann] ( _! flight ov] ! sea1 keep+ s close to ! waves t !y _h r ! appe>ance ( skat+ ov] ! surface ?an ( fly+ ?r\gh ! air4 ,! bird1 9 fact1 9 ^! p]egr9ations avails itself bo? ( its feet & w+s1 slid+ z x 7 quickly f wave to wave1 half fly+ & half swimm+1 /rik+ ! air ) its w+s & ! wat] ) its feet1 & advanc+ by a sort ( undulat+ c\rse t exactly foll[s ! cont\r ( ! ris+ & s9k+ waves4 ,dur+ ?is rem>kable k9d ( progression ! beak seems to be employ$ 9 cleav+ ! wat]1 rem9d+ ! spectator ( ! ,scissor-bill 7,rhyn*ops74 ,:5 x rises f ! waves1 h[ev]1 x flies /raight on ) untir+ w+s1 & moves s rapidly t ! sportsman :o fir/ tries 8 h& at %oot+ !m g5]ally fails to hit ! m>k4 ,9 its mode ( swimm+1 ! ,c\lt]neb diff]s altoge!r f any o!r bird ( its race2 x rides light] ^u ! wave1 or s9ks at w to any requir$ dep?1 dives )\t ! slighte/ app>5t ex]tion1 & )\t ev5 di/urb+ ! wat] ar\nd x1 ,x w rema9 subm]g$ = upw>ds ( ?ree m9utes1 &1 if we believe ! /atem5ts ( "s obs]v]s1 w plunge to a dep? ( ?irty fa?oms4 ,^u dry l& x walks well1 b ) a hopp+ vacillat+ /ep2 rises at once f its seat into ! air1 & alights f its flight )\t difficulty4 ,:5 at re/ x usually sits upright ^u ! soles ( its feet & tail1 or else x lies flat on its belly ^u ! surface ( ! rock4 ,:5 sitt+ erect1 its head & neck are 9 con/ant motion1 z ?\gh x 7 p]petually look+ = some?+ t x _h lo/1 giv+ x a mo/ comical appe>ance4 ,its voice is a sort ( deep scream at times x resembles ! s\nd made by a man :5 yawn+1 or by a discont5t$ dog4 ,! food ( ! ,c\lt]nebs consi/s ( cru/aceans & small fi%es2 b x is pr9cipally ) ! latt] t !y fe$ _! "y4 ,:at may be ! special use ( ! curi\sly-con/ruct$ beak x is n easy to say2 all t we "k ^u ! subject is t !y are able to use x ) great adroitness1 bo? :ile procur+ _! usual food1 & :5 lopp+ ! gre5 h]bage1 :i* 9 summ] scantily clo!s ! rocky fa/nesses :]e !y re> _! "y4 ,z a weapon ( def5ce1 bo? f ! %>pness ( its edges & ! /r5g? ( its muscles1 x is really =midable4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dj1 ,cassell's ,book ( ,birds ,,frat]cula ,,arctica ,,puff9 7ab\t ,nat4 size7 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,p5gu9s 7,apt5odytes7 h _! w+s completely conv]t$ into f9s1 & only available z in/rum5ts ( natation4 ,9 _! appe>ance !y pres5t b a di/ant relation%ip ) ! ,auks & ,div]s1 & =m a di/9ct family1 recognisable by well-m>k$ *>act]s4 ,! g5]al %ape ( _! bodies may almo/ be call$ conical1 z x seems gradually to tap] (f f ! tail upw>ds1 ! middle ( ! trunk pres5t+ sc>cely any p]ceptible enl>gem5t4 ,_! neck is ( mod]ate l5g?1 b extremely ?ick1 ! head small1 & ! beak1 :i* is ne>ly ( ! same l5g? z ! head1 /raight1 /rong1 h>d1 & some:at compress$ at ! sides2 frequ5tly x is m>k$ ext]nally ) transv]se furr[s4 ,its cutt+ edges are %>p1 b x is some:at blunt$ at its apex4 ,! /ructure ( ! foot is q peculi>1 see+ t ! f\r toes ) :i* x is provid$1 ?ree ( :i* are jo9$ toge!r by a broad web1 are all direct$ =w>ds4 ,! w+s are s %ort t !y might almo/ be call$ f9s1 moreov] ! fea!rs t cov] !m r resemble scales ?an ord9>y quills4 ,ev5 ! plumage rem9ds u ( ! closely-imbricat$ scales ( fi%es2 9 %ort1 f _! :ole =mation !y are evid5tly inhabitants ( ! wat] r ?an ( ! air4 ,_! int]nal /ructure corresponds ) _! ext]nal appe>ance2 all _! bones are h>d1 ?ick1 & heavy1 !y pres5t no op5+s or cavities = ! reception ( air1 & ev5 ! hum]us & femur are fill$ ) oily matt]4 ,birds belong+ to ?is rem>kable family are inhabitants ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & !re occupy a zone ext5d+ f #cj to #ge s\? latitude1 liv+ entirely ^u ! surface ( ! ocean1 & only visit+ ! l& dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation4 ,all ! v>i\s species ( ,p5gu9s are utt]ly incapable ( flight1 b _! p[]s ( progression 9 _! prop] elem5t are truly a/oni%+4 ,!y b\nd ?r\gh ! sea l porpoises1 us+ _! %ort f9-l w+s to assi/ _! progress2 by ! aid ( ^! !y /em ! mo/ turbul5t waves ) ! greate/ facility1 & dur+ ! sev]e/ gale desc5d to ! bottom1 :]e !y paddle ab\t 9 se>* ( cru/aceans1 small fi%1 & m>9e vegetables4 ,ow+ to ! ?ickness & weight ( _! plumage !y swim v deep 9 ! wat]1 s t v little is to be se5 except _! head & neck4 ,^u dry l& !y also exhibit consid]able agility4 ,! position ( _! legs compels !m to keep _! bodies p]fectly erect1 & !y ?us walk1 putt+ "o foot be=e ano!r almo/ l human be+s2 _! gait1 h[ev]1 is waddl+1 & !y get along b sl[ly2 :5 al>m$1 !re=e1 !y ?r[ !mselves d[n ^u _! brea/s & pu% !mselves along bo? ) feet & w+s1 & t s rapidly1 t a man has "s difficulty 9 ov]tak+ !m4 ,9 ?is mann] !y ?r[ !mselves f ! rocks or roll d[n "s deep declivity into ! sea1 app>5tly kn[+ full well t z soon z !y rea* ! wat] !y are safe f pursuit4 ,sometimes l>ge p>ties may be se5 f a %ip1 go+ 9 a giv5 direction z ?\gh on a j\rney1 cutt+ ?r\gh ! waves ) a cel]ity f> surpass+ t ( ! swifte/ vessel4 ,dur+ a consid]able portion ( ! ye> ^! birds are employ$ 9 provid+ = _! "y1 z x is necess>y t _! prog5y %\ld acquire suffici5t vig\r to resi/ ! rag+ elem5t on :i* !y are de/9$ to dwell1 & :i* !y mo/ probably w nev] leave1 except :5 9 _! turn !y seek l& = ! purpose ( reproduction4 ,( ! enorm\s numb]s 9 :i* ! ,p5gu9s are se5 ^u _! bre$+-places 9 ,arctic ,regions1 ,sir ,j4 ,c4 ,ross writes ?us3--,9 ,possession ,isl&1 situat$ 9 latitude #ga #ef nor?1 & longitude #ga #g ea/1 & compos$ entirely ( igne\s rocks1 we saw n ! smalle/ appe>ance ( vegetation1 b inconceivable myriads ( ,p5gu9s completely & d5sely cov]$ ! :ole surface ( ! isl&1 along ! l$ges ( ! precipices1 & ev5 to ! summits ( ! hills1 attack+ u vigor\sly z we wad$ ?r\gh _! ranks1 & peck+ at u ) _! %>p beaks1 disput+ possession2 ?is1 toge!r ) _! l\d co>se notes1 & ! insupportable /5* f ! deep b$ ( guano :i* _h be5 =m+ = ages1 & :i* may at "s p]iod be valuable to ! agriculturi/s ( our ,au/ralian colonies1 made u glad to get away aga91 aft] hav+ load$ our boats ) geological specim5s & ,p5gu9s4 ,b5nett gives simil> te/imony z to ! ho/s ( ^! birds occupy+ ! nor? end ( ,macqu>ie ,isl& 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific ,ocean1 :]e we are told !y occupy a space ( ab\t ?irty or =ty acres4 ,! numb] ( ,p5gu9s collect$ toge!r 9 ?is spot is imm5se1 b x w\ld be impossible to guess at x ) any ne> approa* to tru?1 z dur+ ! :ole day & night #cj1jjj or #dj1jjj ( !m are cont9ually l&+1 & an equal numb] go+ to sea4 ,!y are arrang$ :5 on %ore 9 z compact a mann] & 9 z regul> ranks z a regim5t ( soldi]s1 & are class$ ) ! greate/ ord]1 ! "y birds be+ 9 "o situation1 ! m\lt+ birds 9 ano!r1 ! sitt+ h5s 9 a ?ird1 ! clean birds 9 a f\r?1 c41 & s /rictly d birds 9 a simil> condition congregate1 t %\ld a bird t is m\lt+ intrude itself ^u ^? t are clean1 x is imm$iately eject$ f among !m4 ,! females hat* ! eggs by keep+ !m close betwe5 _! ?ighs1 & if approa*$ dur+ ! "t ( incubation1 move away1 c>ry+ ! eggs ) !m4 ,at ?is "t ! male bird goes to sea & collects food = ! female1 :i* becomes v fat4 ,aft] ! egg is hat*$1 bo? p>5ts g to sea & br+ home food = x2 x soon becomes s fat z to be sc>cely able to walk1 ! old birds gett+ v ?94 ,! "y1 until ne>ly full gr[n1 are cov]$ ) a coat ( long d[n4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,p5gu94 ,! ,,k+ ,,p5gu9 7,apt5odytes ,patagonica1 & ,a4 ,p5nantii7 is ! repres5tative ( a gr\p conspicu\s = _! size1 & di/+ui%able by ! foll[+ *>act]s3--,_! beak is long] ?an ! head1 ?91 /raight1 b b5t d[nw>ds at its apex4 ,! upp] m&ible is furr[$ along its :ole l5g?1 :ile ! l[] "o is cov]$ ) a smoo? b>e sk94 ,! legs1 :i* are %ort1 ?ick1 & plac$ q at ! h9d] "p ( ! body1 are cov]$ ) fea!rs almo/ to ! toes1 ?ree ( :i* are unit$ by a broad web4 ,! %ort compact plumage is black ^u ! head & ?roat1 & bright d>k greyi% blue on ! back & h9d] "p ( ! neck2 ! belly is :ite1 & brea/ yell[4 ,a bright lemon-yell[ /ripe comm5ces beh9d ! eyes1 & passes along ! side ( ! neck "u ! *91 :]e x unites2 ! scale-l w+s are d>k grey2 ! beak is black at its base1 b t[>ds its apex & on ! l[] m&ible yell[2 ! scaly foot is d>k br[n4 ,?is species is above ?ree feet long1 & weighs above ?irty p\nds4 ,! ,k+ ,p5gu9 inhabits ! seas 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 & ,new ,georgia1 & dur+ ! bre$+ season is v common on ! coa/s ( ,patagonia1 b x is probable t all ! species migrate to consid]able di/ances4 ,on ! coa/s ( ,patagonia1 accord+ to ,gray1 two v simil> species h be5 conf\nd$ "u ! "n ( ,a4 ,pata*onica1 ! ,emp]or & ! ,k+1 he has !re=e call$ ! ,emp]or ,p5gu9 ,a4 ,facet]i & ! ,k+ ,a4 ,p5nantii4 ,! foll[+ graphic acc\nt ( ! mann]s ( ,a4 ,facet]i obs]v$ by ,w$dell 9 ! ,isl& ( ,s\? ,georgia is giv5 by him 9 8 ,voyage to ! ,s\? ,pole4 ,9 pride ^! birds are n surpass$ ev5 by ! ,peacock1 to :i*1 9 beauty ( plumage1 !y are inde$ v little inf]ior4 ,dur+ ! "t ( m\lt+1 !y seem to repel ea* o!r ) disgu/1 on acc\nt ( ! ragg$ /ate ( _! coats1 b z !y arrive at ! maximum ( spl5d\r !y re-assemble1 & no "o :o has n complet$ 8 plumage is all[$ to ent] ! community4 ,_! habit ( frequ5tly look+ d[n _! front & sides1 9 ord] to contemplate ! p]fection ( _! sup]ior brilliancy1 & to remove any speck t might sully x1 is truly amus+ to an obs]v]4 ,dur+ ! "t ( hat*+1 ! male is rem>kably assidu\s1 s t :5 ! h5 has occasion to g (f to fe$ or wa%1 ! egg is transport$ to him1 :i* is done by plac+ _! toes toge!r1 & roll+ x f "o to ! o!r1 us+ _! beaks to place x prop]ly4 ,! h5 keeps *>ge ( h] "y ne>ly a ye>1 & 9 tea*+ !m to swim has frequ5tly to use "s artifice1 = :5 ! "y "o refuses to take to ! wat]1 %e entices x to ! side ( a rock & pu%es x 91 & ?is is repeat$ until x takes to ! sea ( its own accord4 ,capta9 ,fitzroy tells u t 9 ! bre$+-places ( ! ,k+ ,p5gu9s he has be5 mu* amus$ to see ! old bird get on a little em95ce & make a great noise betwe5 quack+ & bray+1 hold+ its head up 9 ! air z if x 7 h>angu+ ! p5gu9n]y1 :ile ! "y "o /&s close to x1 b a little l[]1 ! old bird hav+ cont9u$ its *att] = ab\t a m9ute1 puts its head d[n1 & op5s its m\? widely1 into :i* ! "y "o ?ru/s its head1 & !n appe>s to suck f ! ?roat ( ! "m = a m9ute or two1 aft] :i* ! *att] is aga9 repeat$1 & ! "y "o aga9 f$4 ,?is p]=mance cont9ues = ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,or ,,cre/$ ,,p5gu9 7,*rysocome cat>ractes74 ,,"o-,,f\r? ,,natural ,,size4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,true ,,p5gu9s 7,sph5iscus7 con/itute a section ( ! above birds di/+ui%able by hav+ ! beak %ort] ?an ! head1 /raight1 compress$1 ?ick1 h>d1 & irregul>ly furr[$2 ! m>g9s are drawn 91 & ! base ( ! l[] m&ible fea!r$4 ,,! ,,spectacl$ ,,or ,,cape ,,p5gu94 ,! ,,spectacl$ or ,,cape ,,p5gu9 7,sph5iscus dem]sus1 or ,apt5odytes dem]sus71 ! be/-kn[n memb] ( ?is gr\p1 is ab\t tw5ty in*es long4 ,9 ?is species ! upp] p>ts ( ! body1 ! ?roat & *eeks & a horse-%oe b& ^u ! brea/ & sides are blacki% grey2 a /ripe ov] ! eyes & ! "u side are :ite1 ! latt] (t5 m>k$ ) r\nd br[ni% spots4 ,! beak is black1 b&$ ) :ite1 & foot br[n4 ,! ,spectacl$ ,p5gu9 is met ) 9 all seas betwe5 ! ,cape & ,s\? ,pol> ,circle 9 c\ntless numb]s3 x is also common ne> ! ,falkl& ,isl&s & ,macqu>ie ,l&1 & f ,cape ,horn nor?w>ds to ,valp>aiso & ,la ,plata4 ,! ,cape ,p5gu9 swims & dives excell5tly1 b moves awkw>dly & /umbles frequ5tly if x attempts to hurry4 ,accord+ to ,la?am1 x w frequ5tly run = "s "t l a quadrup$1 mak+ use ( its f9-l w+s in/ead ( legs till x c recov] ! upright po/ure :i* x usually ma9ta9s4 ,x is said to clamb] "s way up ! rocks to make a ne/1 9 do+ :i* x has be5 se5 to assi/ itself ) ! bill4 ,x lays two eggs ( ! size ( ^? ( ! ,duck1 :i* are ?\ght to be delici\s1 & are obta9$ 9 great numb]s = ! table4 ,^! birds are frequ5tly kept tame1 b d n live 9 conf9em5t _m mon?s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,leap+ ,,p5gu9s 7,eudypetes7 con/itute a section hav+ ! beak closely compress$ at ! base1 obliquely furr[$1 & %>p po9t$2 ! extremity ( ! upp] m&ible is slightly hook$ & incis$2 above ea* eyebr[ moreov] ! fea!rs are prolong$ into conspicu\s tufts4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,or ,,cre/$ ,,p5gu94 ,! ,,gold5 or ,,cre/$ ,,p5gu9 7,*rysocome cat>ractes7 has ! head1 neck1 & sides black & ov] ea* eye a /ripe ( pale yell[ fea!rs1 :i* are l5g!n$ into a cre/ beh9d1 w+s black on ! outside1 _! h9d] edge & "u surface :ite1 brea/ & "u surface silv]y :ite1 bill r$di% br[n1 feet greyi% :ite4 ,! female is said to h ! yell[ fea!rs ov] ! eyes %ort]1 or n prolong$ into a cre/4 ,! ,gold5 ,p5gu9 is f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\!rn ,ocean1 on ! coa/ ( ,patagonia1 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & ,tri/an d',acunha2 x is also occasionally se5 on ! %ores ( ,tasmania & ! coa/ ( ,au/ralia1 b is mo/ num]\s 9 ! ,isl&s ( ,/4 ,paul's & ,am/]dam2 9 ! latt]1 :]e x is met ) 9 great abundance1 x may be se5 sitt+ erect1 or bask+ on ! rocks 9 company ) ! seals4 ,illu/ration ,,classification ,,( ,,birds1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,dr4 ,,brehm4 ,,ord] ,i4 ,,crack]s 7,,enucleatores74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,i4 ,,! ,,p>rots 7,,psittac9i74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,true ,,p>rots 7,,psittac971 i41 #cd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,grey ,p>rots 7,psittacus71 i41 #cd2 ,jako 7,p4 eri?acus71 i41 #ce4 #b4--,! ,gre5 ,p>rots 7,*rysotis71 i41 #ci2 ,amazon ,p>rot 7,c4 ,amazonica71 i41 #ci4 #c4--,! ,blunt-tail$ ,p>rots 7,pionus71 i41#dj2 ! ,maitakka 7,p4 m5/ruus71 i41 #da4 #d4--,! ,cre/$ ,hawk ,p>rots 7,d]optyus71 i41 #db2 ! ,cre/$ ,hawk ,p>rot 7,d4 accipitr9us71 i41 #db4 #e4--,! ,dw>f ,p>rots 7,agapornis71 i41 #dc2 ,sw9d]'s ,love ,bird 7,a4 ,sw9d]iana71 i41 #dc4 #f4--,! ,sp>r[ ,p>rots 7,psittacula71 i41 #dd2 ! ,sp>r[ ,p>rot 7,p4 pass]9a71 i41 #dd4 #g4--,! ,sisk9 ,p>rots 7,nasit]na71 i41 #de2 ! ,sisk9 ,p>rot 7,n4 pygma71 i41 #de4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,cockatoos 7,,plyctolophi71 i41 #de4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cockatoos ,prop] 7,cacatua71 i41 #db2 ! ,lemon-cre/$ ,cockatoo 7,c4 gal]ita71 i41 #dg4 #b4--,! ,helmet ,cockatoos 7,callicephalus71 i41 #dg2 ! ,helmet ,cockatoo 7,c4 galeatus71 i41 #dg4 #c4--,! ,nose ,cockatoos 7,licmetis71 i41 #dh2 ! ,nose ,cockatoo 7,l4 nasicus71 i41 #dh4 #d4--,! ,ne/or ,cockatoos 7,ne/or71 i41 #ej2 ! ,ne/or ,cockatoo 7,n4 productus71 i41 #ej4 #e4--,! ,eagle ,cockatoos 7,dasyptilus71 i41 #ea2 ! ,eagle ,cockatoo 7,d4 ,pequetii71 i41 #ea4 #f4--,! ,long-bill$ ,cockatoos 7,microglossus71 i41 #ea2 ! ,casmalos 7,m4 at]rimus71 i41 #eb4 #g4--,! ,rav5 ,cockatoos 7,calyptorhyn*us71 i41 #ed2 ! ,rav5 ,cockatoo 7,c4 ,banksii71 i41 #ed4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,night ,,p>rots 7,,/rigopes71 i41 #ee4 ,sub ,family #a4--,! ,night ,p>rots 7,/rigops71 i41 #ee2 ! ,kakapo 7,s4 habroptilus71 i41 #ee4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,ar>as 7,,ar71 i41 #eh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ar>as 7,ara71 i41 #eh2 ! ,sc>let ,macaw 7,a4 ,macao71 i41 #eh2 ! ,soldi] ,ar>a 7,a4 milit>is71 i41 #fj2 ! ,anakan 7,a4 sev]a71 i41 #fj2 ! ,ar>auna 7,a4 ,sittace ,ar>auna71 i41 #fb4 #b4--,! ,blue ,macaws 7,anodorhyn*us71 i41 #fb2 ! ,hyac9?-col\r$ ,ar>a 7,a4 hyac9?9us71 i41 #fb4 #c4--,! ,w$ge-tail$ ,p>rots 7,conurus71 i41 #fc2 ! ,g>uba 7,c4 luteus71 i41 #fd2 ! ,tiriba 7,c4 leucotis71 i41 #fc2 ! ,c>ol9a ,p>rakeet 7,c4 ,c>ol95sis71 i41 #fd4 #d4--,! ,long-nos$ ,p>rakeets 7,enicogna?is71 i41 #ff2 ! ,*oroy 7,e4 leptorhyn*us71 i41 #ff4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,p>rakeets 7,,pal,,orni!s71 i41 #ff4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,noble ,p>rakeets 7,palornis71 i41 #fg2 ! ,coll>$ or ,rose-r+$ ,p>rot 7,p4 torquata71 i41 #fg2 ! ,bettet 7,p4 pondic]iana71 i41 #fh4 #b4--,! ,sup]b ,p>rots 7,polytelis71 i41 #fi2 ! ,sc>let-cre/$ ,sup]b ,p>rot 7,p4 ,b>rab&i71 i41 #fi4 #c4--,! ,grass ,p>rots 7,platyc]cus71 i41 #gj2 ! ,rosella 7,p4 eximius71 i41 #gj4 #d4--,! ,v>iegat$ ,p>rots 7,psephotus71 i41 #ga2 ! ,v>iegat$ ,p>rot 7,p4 multicolor71 i41 #ga4 #e4--,! ,ornam5t$ ,p>rots 7,melopsittacus71 i41 #gb2 ! ,wav$ ,p>rot 7,m4 undulatus71 i41 #gb4 #f4--,! ,gay ,p>rots 7,nymphicus71 i41 #gg2 ! ,corella 7,n4 ,nov-,holl&i71 i41 #gg4 #g4--,! ,gr\nd ,p>rakeets 7,pezoporus71 i41 #gh2 ! ,gr\nd ,p>rakeets 7,p4 =mosus71 i41#gh4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,lories 7,,lorii71 i41 #gi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,lories ,prop] 7,lorius71 i41 #gi2 ! ,purple-capp$ ,lory 7,l4 domicella71 i41 #gi4 #b4--,! ,lorikeets 7,psitteuteles71 i41 #gi2 ! ,dappl$ ,lorikeet 7,p4 v]sicolor71 i41 #gi4 #c4--,! ,purple ,lories 7,coryphilus71 i41 #ha2 ! ,maid5 ,lorikeet 7,c4 ,tahitianus71 i41 #ha4 #d4--,! ,long-tail$ ,lories 7,pyrrhodes71 i41 #hb2 ! ,rasmalas 7,p4 ,papu5sis71 i41 #hb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,ii4 ,,pass]9e ,,birds 7,,pass]es74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,cross-,,bills 7,,loxi71 i41 #he4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,cross-bills 7,loxia71 i41 #he2 ! ,l>ge-beak$ ,cross-bill 7,l4 pityopsittacus71 i41 #hf2 ! ,p9e-tree ,cross-bill 7,l4 curviro/ra71 i41 #hf2 ! ,b&$ ,cross-bill 7,l4 tniopt]a71 i41 #hf4 #b4--,! ,p>rot ,gre5f9*es 7,psittiro/ra71 i41 #ia2 ! ,p>rot ,gre5f9* 7,p4 psittacea71 i41 #ia4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,bullf9*es 7,,pyrrhul71 i41 #ib4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,p>rot ,bullf9*es 7,p>adoxornis71 i41 #ib2 ! ,p>rot ,bullf9* 7,p4 flaviro/ris71 i41 #ib4 #b4--,! ,p9e ,grosbeaks 7,p9icola71 i41 #ic2 ! ,p9e ,grosbeak 7,p4 enucleator71 i41 #ic4 #c4--,! ,c>m9e ,grosbeaks 7,ery?ro?orax71 i41 #ie2 ! ,rose ,bullf9* 7,e4 roseus71 i41 #ie2 ! ,c>m9e ,bullf9*1 7,e4 ery?r9us71 i41 #ie4 #d4--,! ,long-tail$ ,bullf9*es 7,uragus71 i41 #ig2 ! ,sib]ian ,bullf9* 7,u4 ,sib]icus71 i4 #ig4 #e4--,! ,des]t ,bullf9*es 7,bucanetes71 i41 #ih2 ! ,v9\s ,grosbeak 7,b4 gi?ag9eus71 i41 #ih4 #f4--,! ,true ,bullf9*es 7,pyrrhula71 i41 #ajb2 ! ,bullf9* 7,p4 vulg>is71 i41 #ajb4 #g4--,! ,g>d5 ,bullf9*es 7,s]9us71 i41 #ajf2 ! ,girlitz 7,s4 hortulanus71 i41 #ajf4 #h4--,! ,tree ,bullf9*es 7,dryospiza71 i41 #ajh2 ! ,can>y-bird 7,d4 ,can>ia71 i41 #ajh4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,f9*es 7,,fr+ill71 i41 #aad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,f9*es 7,fr+illa71 i41 #aad2 ! ,*aff9* 7,f4 clebs71 i41 #aae2 ! ,m\nta9 ,f9* 7,f4 montifr+illa71 i41 #aah4 #b4--,! ,m\nta9 ,f9*es 7,montifr+illa71 i41 #aai2 ! ,sn[ ,f9* 7,m4 nivalis71 i41 #aai4 #c4--,! ,w9t] ,f9*es 7,nypha71 i41 #aai2 ! ,w9t] ,f9* 7,n4 hyemalis71 i41 #aai4 #d4--,! ,l9nets 7,cannab971 i41 #abb2 ! ,br[n ,l9net 7,c4 l9ota71 i41 #abb2 ! ,m\nta9 or ,grey ,l9net 7,c4 montium71 i1 #abd4 #e4--,! ,bir* ,sisk9s 7,l9>ia71 i41 #abd2 ! ,bir*-tree ,sisk9 7,l4 rubra71 i41 #abd4 #f4--,! ,true ,sisk9s 7,sp9us71 i41 #abg2 ! ,common ,sisk9 7,s4 viridis71 i41 #abg4 #g4--,! ,?i/le ,f9*es 7,c>duelis71 i41 #abi2 ! ,goldf9* 7,c4 elegans71 i41 #abi4 #h4--,! ,gold5 ,?i/le ,f9*es 7,a/ragal9us71 i44 #acj2 ! ,gold5 ,?i/le ,f9* 7,a4 tri/is71 i41 #acj4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,sp>r[s ,,prop] 7,,pass]es71 i41 #aca4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,sp>r[s 7,pass]71 i41 #aca2 ! ,common ,sp>r[ 7,p4 dome/icus71 i41 #aca2 ! ,spani% ,sp>r[ 7,p4 ,hispanicus71 i41 #ace2 ! ,field or ,tree ,sp>r[ 7,p4 montanus71 i41 #acf4 #b4--,! ,pla9 ,sp>r[s 7,pyrgitopsis71 i41 #acg2 ! ,pla9 ,sp>r[ 7,p4 simplex71 i41 #acg4 #c4--,! ,gold5 ,sp>r[s 7,*rysospiza71 i41 #acg2 ! ,gold5 ,sp>r[ 7,c4 lutea71 i41 #acg4 #d4--,! ,m\nta9 ,sp>r[s 7,petronia71 i41 #ach2 ! ,rock ,sp>r[ 7,p4 rupe/ris71 i41 #ach4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,hawf9*es 7,,cocco?rau/71 i41 #aci4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gre5f9*es 7,*loris71 i41 #aci2 ! ,gre5 ,grosbeak1 or ,gre5f9* 7,c4 hort5sis71 i41 #aci4 #b4--,! ,true ,hawf9*es 7,cocco?rau/es71 i41 #ada2 ! ,hawf9* 7,c4 vulg>is71 i41 #ada4 #c4--,! ,ev5+ ,hawf9*es 7,hesp]iphona71 i41 #adb2 ! ,ev5+ ,*]ry ,hawf9* 7,h4 vesp]t9a71 i41 #adb4 #d4--,! ,l>ge-beak$ ,hawf9*es 7,geospiza71 i41 #adc2 ! ,l>ge-beak$ ,hawf9* 7,g4 magniro/ris71 i41 #adc4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,p>rot ,,f9*es 7,,pityli71 i41 #adc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeaks 7,coccoborus71 i41 #adc2 ! ,rose-brea/$ ,hawf9* 7,c4 ,ludovicianus71 i41 #adc4 #b4--,! ,tuft$ ,grosbeaks 7,c>d9alis71 i41 #ade2 ! ,c>d9al ,grosbeak 7,c4 ,virg9ianus71 i41 #ade4 #c4--,! ,grey ,f9*es 7,p>o>ia71 i41 #adf2 ! ,dom9ican ,f9* 7,p4 dom9icana71 i41 #adf4 #d4--,! ,bullf9* ,f9*es 7,sporophila71 i41 #adf2 ! ,t9y ,f9* 7,s4 m9uta71 i41 #adf4 #e4--,! ,diadem ,grosbeaks 7,catamblyrhyn*us71 i41 #adg2 ! ,diadem ,grosbeak 7,c4 diadematus71 i41 #adg4 #f4--,! ,true ,p>rot ,f9*es 7,pitylus71 i41 #adg2 ! ,a%y-blue ,p>rot ,f9* 7,p4 crulesc5s71 i41 #adg4 #g4--,! ,mask$ ,p>rot ,f9*es 7,c>yo?rau/es71 i41 #adg2 ! ,mask$ ,p>rot ,f9* 7,c4 ,brasili5sis71 i41 #adg4 #h4--,! ,habias 7,saltator71 i41 #adh2 ! ,capi 7,s4 crulesc5s71 i41 #adh4 #i4--,! ,plant ,cutt]s 7,phytotoma71 i41 #adi2 ! ,r>ita1 or ,r>a 7,p4 r>a71 i41 #aej4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,tang>as 7,,tanagr71 i41 #aej4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tang>as ,prop] 7,tanagra71 i41 #aea2 ! ,ornate ,tang>a 7,t4 ornata71 i41 #aea4 #b4--,! ,fire ,tang>as 7,pyranga71 i41 #aea2 ! ,flax ,bird 7,p4 rubra71 i41 #aea2 ! ,summ] ,r$ ,bird 7,p4 /iva71 i41 #aeb4 #c4--,! ,calli/es 7,calli/e71 i41 #aec2 ! ,r$-neck$ ,calli/e 7,c4 fe/iva71 i41 #aec4 #d4--,! ,call\s-beak$ ,tang>as 7,ramphocelus71 i41 #aec2 ! ,tapiranga 7,r4 ,brasili5sis71 i41 #aed4 #e4--,! ,but*]-,bird ,tang>as 7,lanio71 i41 #aed2 ! ,black-head$ ,but*]-,bird ,tang>a 7,l4 atricapillus71 i41 #aed4 #f4--,! ,organi/ ,tang>as 7,euphone71 i41 #aed2 ! ,violet ,organi/1 or ,gutt>ama 7,e4 violacea71 i41 #aee4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,bright-,,coat$ ,,f9*es 7,,amad971 i41 #aee4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,b&-,birds1 or ,coll>$ ,f9*es 7,amad9a71 i41 #aef2 ! ,coll>$ ,f9* 7,a4 fasciata71 i41 #aef4 #b4--,! ,hood$ ,f9*es 7,sp]me/es71 i41 #aeg2 ! ,magpie ,f9* 7,s4 cucullata71 i41 #aeh4 #c4--,! ,re$ ,f9*es 7,donacula71 i41 #aeh2 ! ,*e/nut ,re$ ,f9* 7,d4 ca/aneo?orax71 i41 #aeh2 ! ,d\ble-b&$ ,re$ ,f9* 7,d4 bivittata71 i41 #aeh4 #d4--,! ,grass ,f9*es 7,pophila71 i41 #aei2 ! ,admirable ,*aff-f9* 7,*lobia mirabilis71 i41 #aei4 #e4--,! ,rice ,f9*es 7,padda71 i41 #afj2 ,! ,rice ,bird 7,p4 oryzivora71 i41 #afj4 #f4--,! ,/rip$ ,f9*es 7,pytelia71 i41 #afa2 ! ,little ,gold-brea/ 7,p4 subflava71 i41 #afa4 #g4--,! ,speckl$ ,f9*es 7,lagono/icta71 i41 #afb2 ! ,blood ,f9* 7,l4 m9ima71 i41 #afb4 #h4--,! ,v>iegat$ ,f9*es 7,emblema71 i41 #afb2 ! ,v>iegat$ ,f9* 7,e4 picta71 i41 #afb4 #i4--,! ,bright ,f9*es 7,hypo*]a71 i41 #afc2 ! ,/eel ,f9* 7,h4 ultram>9a71 i41 #afc4 #aj4--,! ,butt]fly ,f9*es 7,m>iposa71 i41 #afc2 ! ,butt]fly ,f9* 7,m4 phnicotis71 i41 #afc4 #aa4--;,a/rilds 7,a/rilda71 i41 #afd2 ! ,pheasant ,f9* 7,a4 undulata71 i41 #afd4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,weav] ,,birds 7,,plocei71 i41 #aff4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,social ,weav] ,birds 7,philetarus71 i41 #afg2 ! ,social ,weav] ,bird 7,p4 socius71 i41 #afg4 #b4--,! ,yell[ ,weav] ,birds 7,ploceus71 i41 #afh2 ! ,gold5 ,weav] ,bird 7,p4 galbula71 i41 #afh4 #c4--,! ,bayas1 or ,bunt+ ,weav] ,birds 7,nelicurvius71 i41 #agj2 ! ,baya 7,n4 ,baya71 i41 #agj4 #d4--,! ,crimson-beak$ ,weav] ,birds 7,quelea71 i41 #aga2 ! ,crimson-beak$ ,weav] ,bird1 or ,diock 7,q4 sangu9iro/ris71 i41 #aga4 #e4--,! ,tahas 7,taha71 i41 #agd2 ! ,taha 7,t4 dubia71 i41 #agd4 #f4--,! ,fire-f9*es 7,euplectes71 i41 #agd2 ! ,flame-col\r$ ,fire-f9* 7,e4 ignicolor71 i41 #age4 #g4--,! ,buffalo ,weav] ,birds 7,textor71 i41 #agf2 ! ,alecto ,buffalo ,weav] ,bird 7,t4 ,alecto71 i41 #agg4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,:ydah ,,or ,,wid[ ,,birds 7,,vidu71 i41 #agh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,m\rn+ ,wid[s 7,coliuspass]71 i41 #agi2 ! ,yell[-%\ld]$ ,m\rn+ ,wid[ 7,c4 flaviscapulatus71 i41 #agi4 #b4--,! ,long-tail$ ,wid[ ,birds 7,*]a71 i41 #agi2 ! ,long-tail$ ,wid[ ,bird 7,c4 caffra71 i41 #agi4 #c4--,! ,cock-tail$ ,wid[ ,birds 7,/eganura71 i41 #ahj2 ! ,p>adise ,wid[ ,bird 7,s4 p>adisea71 i41 #ahj4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,bunt+ ,,f9*es 7,,pass]ell71 i41 #aha4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,morn+ ,f9*es 7,zonotri*ia71 i41 #aha2 ! ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[ 7,z4 albicollis71 i41 #ahb2 ! ,morn+ ,f9* 7,z4 matut9a71 i41 #ahb4 #b4--,! ,bunt+ ,f9*es ,prop] 7,spizella71 i41 #ahc2 ! ,tree ,bunt+ ,f9* 7,s4 ,canad5sis71 i41 #ahc4 #c4--,! ,prairie ,bunt+ ,f9*es 7,pass]culus71 i41 #ahd2 ! ,prairie ,bunt+ ,f9* 7,p4 savannus71 i41 #ahd4 #d4--,! ,%ore ,f9*es 7,ammodromus71 i41 #ahd2 ! ,sea ,bunt+ ,f9* 7,a4 m>itimus71 i41 #ahd4 ,,family ,,xii4--,! ,bunt+s 7,,emb]iz71 i41 #ahe4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cre/$ ,bunt+s 7,gub]natrix71 i41 #ahe2 ! ,cre/$ ,bunt+ 7,g4 cri/atella71 i41 #ahe4 #b4--,! ,grey ,bunt+s 7,mili>ia71 i41 #ahf2 ! ,grey ,bunt+ 7,m4 valida71 i41 #ahf4 #c4--,! ,true ,bunt+s 7,emb]iza71 i41 #ahg2 ! ,gold5 or ,yell[ ,bunt+ 7,e4 citr9ella71 i41 #ahg2 ! ,ortolan 7,e4 or ,glycysp9a hortulana71 i41 #ahh2 ! ,r$ ,bunt+ 7,e4 or ,glycysp9a cia71 i41 #aij4 #d4--,! ,ornate ,bunt+s 7,euspiza71 i41 #aij2 ! ,black-head$ ,bunt+ 7,e4 melanocephala71 i41 #aij4 #e4--,! ,re$ ,bunt+s 7,cyn*ramus71 i41 #aia2 ! ,re$ ,bunt+ 7,c4 ,s*niclus71 i41 #aia4 #f4--,! ,spurr$ ,bunt+s 7,c5trophanes71 i41 #aia2 ! ,l>k ,bunt+ 7,c4 ,lapponicus71 i41 #aib4 #g4--,! ,w9t] ,bunt+s 7,plectrophanes71 i41 #aid2 ! ,sn[ ,bunt+ 7,p4 nivalis71 i41 #aid4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,l>ks 7,,alaud71 i41 #aie4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cal&ra ,l>ks 7,melanocorypha71 i41 #aif2 ! ,cal&ra ,l>k 7,m4 cal&ra71 i41 #aig2 ! ,%ort-to$ ,l>k1 or ,cal&relle 7,m4 or ,cal&ritis bra*ydactyla71 i41 #aih4 #b4--,! ,black ,l>ks 7,saxilauda71 i41 #aii2 ! ,black or ,moor ,l>k 7,s4 ,tat>ica71 i41 #aii4 #c4--,! ,s& ,l>ks 7,ammomanes71 i41 #aii2 ! ,des]t ,l>k 7,a4 des]ti71 i41 #aii4 #d4--,! ,bunt+ ,l>ks 7,pyrrhulauda71 i41 #bjj2 ! ,black-head$ ,bunt+ ,l>k 7,p4 leucotis71 i41 #bja4 #e4--,! ,m\nta9 ,l>ks 7,phil]emos71 i41 #bja2 ! ,alp9e ,l>k 7,p4 alpe/ris71 i41 #bja4 #f4--,! ,tuft$ ,l>ks 7,gal]ita71 i41 #bjc2 ! ,tuft$ ,l>k 7,g4 cri/ata71 i41 #bjc4 #g4--,! ,wood ,l>ks 7,corys71 i41 #bjd2 ! ,wood ,l>k 7,corys or ,alauda arborea71 i41 #bjd4 #h4--,! ,l>ks ,prop] 7,alauda71 i41 #bjf2 ! ,skyl>k 7,alauda arv5sis71 i41 #bjf4 #i4--,! ,spur ,l>ks 7,macronyx71 i41 #bjh2 ! ,s5try ,l>k 7,m4 cap5sis71 i41 #bjh4 #aj4--,! ,c\rs] ,l>ks 7,almon71 i41 #bji2 ! ,des]t ,c\rs] ,l>k 7,a4 des]torum71 i41 #bji4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,iii4 ,,rav5s 7,,coraciro/res74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,yell[ ,,/>l+s 7,,ict]i71 i41 #baa4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,rice-eat]s 7,doli*onyx71 i41 #bab2 ! ,bobl9k1 or ,rice-bird 7,d4 oryzivorus71 i41 #bab4 #b4--,! ,m>% ,troopials 7,agelaius71 i41 #bad2 ! ,r$-w+$ ,troopial 7,a4 ,phniceus71 i41 #bad4 #c4--,! ,c[-,birds 7,molo?rus71 i41 #bae2 ! ,c[-,/>l+ 7,m4 pecoris71 i41 #bae4 #d4--,! ,yell[ or ,gold5 ,/>l+s 7,ict]us71 i41 #bae2 ! ,jamaica ,yell[ ,bird 7,i4 ,jamaicaii71 i41 #baf4 #e4--,! ,hang-ne/s 7,hyphantes71 i41 #bah2 ! ,baltimore ,gold5 ,/>l+ 7,h4 ,baltimori71 i41 #bah4 #f4--,! ,cassicans 7,cassicus71 i41 #bah2 ! ,japu1 or ,tuft$ ,cassican 7,c4 cri/atus71 i41 #bai4 #g4--,! ,boat-tails 7,quiscalus71 i41 #bbb2 ! ,great ,boat-tail 7,q4 major71 i41 #bbb4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,/>l+s 7,,/urni71 i41 #bbc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,/>l+s ,prop] 7,/urni71 i41 #bbc2 ! ,common ,/>l+ 7,s4 vulg>is71 i41 #bbc2 ! ,s>d9ian ,/>l+ 7,s4 unicolor71 i41 #bbg4 #b4--,! ,blackbird ,/>l+s 7,pa/or71 i4 #bbg2 ! ,rose ,/>l+ 7,p4 roseus71 i41 #bbg4 #c4--,! ,m9a ,birds 7,acrido!res71 i41 #bbh2 ! ,m9a ,bird 7,a4 tri/is71 i41 #bbh4 #d4--,! ,grakles 7,gracula71 i41 #bcj2 ! ,musical ,grakle 7,g4 musica or religiosa71 i41 #bcj4 #e4--,! ,ox-bit]s 7,buphaga71 i41 #bca2 ! ,african ,ox-bit] 7,b4 ,africanus71 i41 #bca2 ! ,r$-beak$ ,ox-bit] 7,b4 ery?rorhyn*a71 i41 #bca4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,glossy ,,/>l+s 7,,lamprotorni!s71 i41 #bcb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,glossy ,/>l+s 7,lamprocolius71 i41 #bcd2 ! ,bronze-col\r$ ,glossy ,/>l+ 7,l4 *alybeus71 i41 #bcd4 #b4--,! ,glossy ,?ru%-,/>l+s 7,notauges71 i41 #bcd2 ! ,gold5-brea/$ ,glossy ,/>l+ 7,n4 *rysoga/]71 i41 #bcd2 ! ,sup]b ,glossy ,/>l+ 7,n4 sup]bus71 i41 #bcd4 #c4--,! ,scaly ,glossy ,/>l+s 7,pholidauges71 i41 #bce2 ! ,scaly ,glossy ,/>l+ 7,p4 leucoga/]71 i41 #bce4 #d4--,! ,glossy ,magpies 7,lamprotornis71 i41 #bcf2 ! ,braz5 ,glossy ,magpie 7,l4 anea71 i41 #bcf4 #e4--,! ,rock ,glossy ,/>l+s 7,ptilorh9us71 i41 #bcg2 ! ,:ite-beak$ ,rock ,glossy ,/>l+ 7,p4 albiro/ris71 i41 #bcg4 #f4--,! ,m\nta9 ,glossy ,/>l+s 7,amydrus71 i41 #bch2 ! ,naburup 7,a4 ,naburup71 i41 #bch4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,orioles 7,,orioli71 i41 #bch4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,sat9 ,birds 7,ptilonorhyn*us71 i41 #bci2 ! ,sat9 ,b[] ,bird 7,p4 holos]icus71 i41 #bci4 #b4--,! ,coll> ,birds 7,*lamyd]a71 i41 #bdj2 ! ,spott$ ,coll> ,bird 7,c4 maculata71 i41 #bdj4 #c4--,! ,orioles ,prop] 7,oriolus71 i41 #bdb2 ! ,gold5 ,oriole 7,o4 galbula71 i41 #bdb4 #d4--,! ,silky ,orioles 7,s]iculus71 i41 #bdc2 ! ,gold5-cre/$ ,oriole 7,s4 *rysocephalus71 i41 #bdc4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,birds ,,( ,,p>adise 7,,p>adise71 i41 #bde4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,p>adisea71 i41 #bde2 ! ,footless ,bird ( ,p>adise 7,p4 apoda71 i41 #bdf2 ! ,wumbi 7,p4 ,papuana71 i41 #bdf2 ! ,ruby or ,r$ ,bird ( ,p>adise 7,p4 rubra71 i41 #bdg4 #b4--,! ,spiral-tail$ ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,c9c9nurus71 i41 #bej2 ! ,k+ ( ! ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,c4 regius71 i41 #bej4 #c4--,! ,coll>$ ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,lophor9a71 i41 #bea2 ! ,coll>$ ,bird ( ,p>adise 7,l4 sup]ba71 i41 #bea4 #d4--,! ,ornate ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,p>otia71 i41 #bea2 ! ,six-fea!r$ ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,p4 sex-p5nis71 i41 #bea4 #e4--,! ,respl5d5t ,epima*i 7,seleucides71 i41 #bea2 ! ,respl5d5t ,epima*us 7,s4 respl5d5s71 i41 #bea4 #f4--,! ,epima*i ,prop] 7,epima*us71 i41 #beb2 ! ,coll>$ ,epima*us 7,e4 magnus71 i41 #beb4 #g4--,! ,magpie ,birds ( ,p>adise 7,a/rapi71 i41 #bec2 ! ,magpie ,bird ( ,p>adise 7,a4 gul>is71 i41 #bec4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,rav5s 7,,coraces71 i41 #bed4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,*\ghs 7,fregilus71 i41 #bed2 ! ,*\gh 7,f4 graculus71 i41 #bed4 #b4--,! ,alp9e ,*\ghs 7,pyrrhocorax71 i41 #bee2 ! ,alp9e ,*\gh 7,p4 alp9us71 i41 #bee4 #c4--,! ,rav5s ,prop] 7,corax71 i41 #beg2 ! ,rav5 7,c4 nobilis71 i41 #beg4 #d4--,! ,vulture ,rav5s 7,corvultur71 i41 #bei2 ! ,:ite-neck$ ,vulture ,rav5 7,c4 albicollis71 i41 #bei2 ! ,?ick-bill$ ,vulture ,rav5 7,c4 crassiro/ris71 i41 #bei4 #e4--,! ,ornam5t$ ,rav5s 7,pt]ocorax71 i41 #bfj2 ! ,scapulat$ ,rav5 7,p4 scapulatus71 i41 #bfj4 #f4--,! ,cr[s 7,corvus71 i41 #bfb2 ! ,c>rion ,cr[ 7,c4 corona71 i41 #bfb2 ! ,hood$ ,cr[ 7,c4 cornix71 i41 #bfb4 #g4--,! ,rooks 7,frugilegus7 i41 #bfd2 ! ,rook 7,f4 segetum71 i41 #bfd4 #h4--,! ,jackdaws 7,mon$ula71 i41 #bff2 ! ,jackdaw 7,m4 turrium71 i41 #bff4 #i4--,! ,glossy ,cr[s 7,anomalocorax71 i41 #bfg2 ! ,glossy ,cr[ 7,a4 spl5d5s71 i41 #bfg4 #aj4--,! ,nutcrack]s 7,nucifraga71 i41 #bfi2 ! ,nutcrack] 7,n4 c>yocatactes71 i41 #bfi4 #aa4--,! ,pip+ ,cr[s 7,gymnorh9a71 i41 #bgj2 ! ,flute ,bird 7,g4 tibic571 i41 #bgj4 #ab4--,! ,bell ,magpies 7,/rep]a71 i41 #bga2 ! ,bell ,bird 7,s4 gracul9a71 i41 #bga4 #ac4--,! ,bald-head$ ,cr[s 7,pica?>tes71 i41 #bga2 ! ,bald-head$ ,cr[ 7,p4 gymnocephalus71 i41 #bga4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,jays 7,,g>ruli71 i41 #bgb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,magpies 7,pica71 i41 #bgb2 ! ,magpie 7,p4 caudata71 i41 #bgb4 #b4--,! ,blue ,magpies 7,cyanopica71 i41 #bgd2 ! ,blue ,magpie 7,c4 ,cookii71 i41 #bgd4 #c4--,! ,blue ,rav5s 7,cyanocorax71 i41 #bge2 ! ,hood$ ,blue ,rav5 7,c4 pileatus71 i41 #bge4 #d4--,! ,blue ,jackdaws 7,cyanocitta71 i41 #bge2 ! ,cre/$ ,blue ,jackdaw 7,c4 cri/ata71 i41 #bge4 #e4--,! ,jays ,prop] 7,g>rulus71 i41 #bgh2 ! ,common ,jay 7,g4 gl&>ius71 i41 #bgh4 #f4--,! ,unlucky ,jays 7,p]isoreus71 i41 #bgi2 ! ,unlucky ,jay 7,p4 infau/us71 i41 #bgi4 #g4--,! ,tree ,magpies 7,d5drocitta71 i41 #bhj2 ! ,w&]+ ,magpie 7,d4 vagabunda71 i41 #bhj4 #h4--,! ,b5teots 7,crypsirh9a71 i41 #bha2 ! ,b5teot 7,c4 v>ians71 i41 #bha4 #i4--,! ,/ump ,jays 7,temnurus71 i41 #bhb2 ! ,saw-tail 7,t4 truncatus71 i41 #bhb4 #aj4--,! ,long-tail$ ,kittas 7,urocissa71 i41 #bhb2 ! ,long-tail$ ,kitta 7,u4 ,s95sis71 i41 #bhb4 #aa4--,! ,fea!r-,beaks 7,cissa71 i41 #bhc2 ! ,sirgang 7,c4 ,s95sis71 i41 #bhc4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,planta9 ,,eat]s 7,,amphibol71 i41 #bhc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,planta9 ,eat]s 7,musophag71 i41 #bhc2 ! ,banana ,eat] 7,m4 violacea71 i41 #bhd4 #b4--,! ,helmet ,birds 7,cory?aix71 i41 #bhe2 ! ,:ite-*eek$ ,helmet ,bird 7,c4 leucotis71 i41 #bhe4 #c4--,! ,turakos 7,cory?acola71 i41 #bhf2 ! ,cre/$ ,turako 7,c4 cri/ata71 i41 #bhf4 #d4--,! ,split-beaks 7,s*izorhis71 i41 #bhg2 ! ,al>m ,bird 7,s4 zonurus71 i41 #bhg4 #e4--,! ,m\se ,birds 7,colii71 i41 #bhh2 ! ,wiriwa1 or ,:ite-*eek$ ,m\se ,bird 7,c4 leucotis71 i41 #bhi4 ,,ord] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,cat*]s 7,,captantes74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,iv4 ,,birds ,,( ,,prey 7,,raptores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,falcons 7,,falcones71 i41 #bic4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hunt+ ,falcons 7,hi](alco71 i41 #bii2 ! ,hunt+ ,falcon 7,h4 c&icans71 i41 #bii2 ! ,pol> ,falcon 7,h4 arcticus71 i41 #bii2 ! ,gi] ,falcon 7,h4 gyrfalco71 i41 #bii4 #b4--,! ,w&]+ ,falcons 7,falco71 i41 #cjj2 ! ,p]egr9e ,falcon 7,f4 p]egr9us71 i41 #cja2 ! ,r$-neck$ ,falcon 7,f4 ruficollis71 i41 #cjc2 ! ,turumdi 7,f4 ,*iqu]a71 i41 #cjc4 #c4--,! ,tree ,falcons 7,hypotrior*is71 #cjf2 ! ,tree ,falcon 7,h4 subbuteo71 i41 #cjf4 #d4--,! ,bu% ,falcons 7,hi]acidea71 i41 #cjg2 ! ,b]igora 7,h4 ,b]igora71 i41 #cjg4 #e4--,! ,ke/rels 7,t9nunculus71 i41 #cjg2 ! ,l>k ,ke/rel 7,t4 alaud>ius71 i41 #cjh2 ! ,ke/rel 7,t4 c5*ris71 i41 #cjh4 #f4--,! ,r$-foot$ ,falcons 7,ery?ropus71 i41 #caj2 ! ,ev5+ ,falcon 7,e4 vesp]t9us71 i41 #caj4 #g4--,! ,sp>r[ ,falcons 7,rhyn*odon71 i41 #caa2 ! ,sp>r[ ,falcon 7,r4 sp>v]ius71 i41 #caa4 #h4--,! ,dw>f ,falcons 7,hi]ax71 i41 #cab2 ! ,muti 7,h4 crulesc5s71 i41 #cab4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,hawks 7,,accipitres71 ii41 #a4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,laugh+ ,hawks 7,h]peto!res71 ii41 #a2 ! ,laugh+ ,hawk 7,h4 ca*9nans71 ii41 #a4 #b4--,! ,too!d ,hawks 7,h>pagus71 ii41 #b2 ! ,d\ble-too!d ,hawk 7,h4 bid5tatus71 ii41 #b4 #c4--,! ,sp>r[ ,hawks 7,nisus71 ii41 #b2 ! ,sp>r[ ,hawk 7,n4 communis71 ii41 #b4 #d4--,! ,hawks ,prop] 7,a/ur71 ii41 #d2 ! ,gos ,hawk 7,a4 palumb>ius71 ii1 #d4 #e4--,! ,s++ ,hawks 7,mcli]ax71 ii41 #f2 ! ,s++ ,hawk 7,m4 musicus & ,m4 polyzonus71 ii1 #f4 #f4--,! ,s]p5t ,hawks 7,polyboroides71 ii41 #g2 ! ,s]p5t ,hawk 7,p4 typicus71 ii41 #g4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,eagles 7,,aquil71 ii41 #h4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,eagles 7,aquila71 ii41 #aj2 ! ,tawny ,eagle 7,a4 fulva71 ii41 #aa2 ! ,gold5 ,eagle 7,a4 *rysatos71 ii41 #aj2 ! ,imp]ial ,eagle 7,a4 imp]ialis71 ii41 #aj2 ! ,spott$ ,eagle 7,a4 nvia7 ii41 #ac2 ! ,dw>f ,eagles 7,hi]atos71 ii41 #ac2 ! ,boot$ ,eagle 7,h4 p5nata71 ii41 #ad2 ! ,dw>f ,eagle 7,h4 m9uta71 ii41 #ae4 #b4--,! ,w$ge-tail$ ,eagles 7,uroatos71 ii41 #ae2 ! ,bold ,w$ge-tail$ ,eagle 7,u4 audax71 ii41 #ag4 #c4--,! ,hawk ,eagles 7,pseudatos ,eudolmatos1 or ,a/uratos71 ii41 #ag2 ! ,hawk ,eagle 7,p4 ,bonellii71 ii41 #ag4 #d4--,! ,hood$ ,eagles 7,spizatos71 ii41 #ah2 ! ,m>tial ,hood$ ,eagle 7,s4 bellicosus71 ii41 #ah4 #e4--,! ,tuft$ ,eagles 7,lophatos71 ii41 #ai2 ! ,tuft$ ,eagle 7,l4 occipitalis71 ii41 #ai4 #f4--,! ,de/roy+ ,eagles 7,pt]nura71 ii41 #ai2 ! ,urutaurana 7,p4 tyrannus71 ii41 #bj2 ,isidore's ,de/roy+ ,eagle 7,p4 ,isidori71 ii41 #ba4 #g4--,! ,brazilian ,eagles 7,morphnus71 ii41 #ba2 ! ,cre/$ ,brazilian ,eagle 7,m4 ,guian5sis71 ii41 #ba4 #h4--,! ,h>py ,eagles 7,h>pyia71 ii41 #bb2 ! ,h>py ,eagle 7,h4 de/ructor71 ii41 #bb4 #i4--,! ,sea ,eagles 7,haliatos71 ii41 #bc2 ! ,sea ,eagle 7,h4 albicilla71 ii41 #bc2 ! ,:ite-head$ ,sea ,eagle 7,h4 leucocephalus71 ii41 #bc2 ! ,african ,scream+ ,sea ,eagle 7,h4 vocif]71 ii41 #bg4 #aj4--,! ,riv] ,eagles1 or ,fi% ,hawks 7,p&ion71 ii41 #cj2 ! ,osprey 7,p4 ,haliatos71 ii41 #cj4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,kites 7,,milvi71 ii41 #ca4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,%ort-tail$ ,kites 7,helot>sus71 ii41 #cb2 ! ,%ort-tail$ ,kite 7,h4 ecaudatus71 ii41 #cb4 #b4--,! ,glid+ ,kites 7,elanus71 ii41 #cd2 ! ,true ,glid+ ,kite 7,e4 melanopt]us71 ii41 #cd4 #c4--,! ,hov]+ ,kites 7,ict9ia71 ii41 #ce2 ! ,mississippi ,kite 7,i4 ,mississippi5sis71 ii41 #ce4 #d4--,! ,crook$-bill$ ,kites 7,cym9dis71 ii41 #cf2 ! ,buzz>d ,kite 7,c4 unc9atus71 ii41 #cf4 #e4--,! ,hood$ ,kites 7,baza71 ii41 #cg2 ! ,syama 7,b4 lophotes71 ii41 #cg4 #f4--,! ,wat] ,kites 7,hydroict9ia71 ii41 #cg2 ! ,black ,kite 7,h4 atra71 ii41 #cg2 ! ,gov9da 7,h4 ,gov9da71 ii41 #ci2 ! ,p>asite ,kite 7,h4 p>asitica71 ii41 #ci4 #g4--,! ,true ,kites 7,milvus71 ii41 #dj2 ! ,r$ or ,royal ,kite 7,m4 regalis71 ii41 #dj4 #h4--,! ,swall[-tail$ ,kites 7,naucl]us71 ii41 #da2 ! ,swall[-tail$ ,kite 7,n4 furcatus71 ii41 #da4 #i4--,! ,dw>f ,swall[-tail$ ,kites 7,*elidopt]ix71 ii41 #db2 ! ,dw>f ,swall[-tail$ ,kite 7,c4 ,rioc\ri71 ii41 #dc4 #aj4--,! ,mead[ ,kites 7,/rigiceps71 ii41 #dc2 ! ,blue ,kite1 or ,h5 ,h>ri] 7,s4 cyaneus71 ii41 #dc2 ! ,pallid ,h>ri] 7,s4 pallidus71 ii41 #dc2 ! ,a%-col\r$ ,h>ri] 7,s4 c9]aceus71 ii41 #dd4 #aa4--,! ,m>% ,kites 7,circus71 ii41 #de2 ! ,re$ ,kite1 or ,m>% ,h>ri] 7,c4 rufus71 ii41 #de4 #ab4--,! ,spott$ ,kites 7,spilocircus71 ii41 #df2 ,j>d9e's ,spott$ ,kite 7,s4 ,j>d9ii71 ii41 #df4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,buzz>ds 7,,buteones71 ii41 #dg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,eagle ,buzz>ds 7,circatos71 ii41 #dg2 ! ,snake ,buzz>d 7,c4 bra*ydactylus71 ii41 #dh4 #b4--,! ,cre/$ ,buzz>ds 7,spilornis71 ii41 #ej2 ! ,ba*a 7,s4 ,ba*a71 ii41 #ej4 #c4--,! ,honey ,buzz>ds 7,p]nis71 ii41 #ej2 ! ,wasp ,kite 7,p4 apivorus71 ii41 #ej2 ! ,cre/$ ,honey ,buzz>d 7,p4 cri/atus71 ii41 #eb4 #d4--,! ,r\gh-legg$ ,buzz>ds 7,ar*ibuteo71 ii41 #eb2 ! ,w9t] ,buzz>d 7,a4 ,lagopus71 ii41 #eb4 #e4--,! ,true ,buzz>ds 7,buteo71 ii41 #eb2 ! ,common or ,m\se ,buzz>d 7,b4 vulg>is71 ii41 #eb4 #f4--,! ,gras%opp] ,buzz>ds 7,poliornis71 ii41 #ed2 ! ,r$-w+$ ,buzz>d 7,p4 rufip5nis71 ii41 #ed2 ! ,tesa 7,p4 tesa71 ii41 #ed4 #g4--,! ,hook-beak$ ,buzz>ds 7,ro/rhamus71 ii41 #ee2 ! ,c>acol]o 7,r4 hamatus71 ii41 #ee4 #h4--,! ,urubit+as 7,hypomorphnus71 ii41 #ee2 ! ,urubit+a 7,h4 ,urubit+a71 ii41 #ee4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,vulture ,,falcons 7,,polybori71 ii41 #ef4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,vulture ,buzz>ds 7,milvago71 ii41 #eg2 ! ,*imango 7,m4 ,*ima*ima71 ii41 #eg2 ! ,vulture ,buzz>d 7,m4 ,au/ralis71 ii41 #eh4 #b4--,! ,vulture ,falcons 7,polyborus71 ii41 #eh2 ! ,c>an*o 7,p4 ,brasili5sis71 ii41 #eh4 #c4--,! ,scream+ ,buzz>ds 7,ibict]71 ii41 #fj2 ! ,ganga 7,i4 ,am]icanus71 ii41 #fj4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,crane ,,vultures 7,,gypog]ani71 ii41 #fb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,secret>y or ,crane ,vulture 7,gypog]anus s]p5t>ius71 ii41 #fb4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,vulture ,,eagles 7,,gypa,,ti71 ii41 #fg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,lmm]gei] 7,gypatos71 ii41 #fg2 ! ,be>d$ ,vulture 7,g4 b>batus71 ii41 #fg4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,vultures ,,prop] 7,,vultures71 ii41 #fi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,wattl$ ,vultures 7,s>corhamphus71 ii41 #gj2 ! ,condor 7,s>corhamphus gryphus71 ii41 #gj2 ! ,cali=nian ,condor 7,s4 ,cali=nianus71 ii41 #ga2 ! ,k+ ( ! ,vultures 7,s4 papa71 ii41 #ga4 #b4--,! ,goose ,vultures 7,gyps71 ii41 #gc2 ! ,tawny ,goose ,vulture 7,g4 fulvus71 ii41 #gd2 ! ,sp>r[-hawk ,goose ,vulture 7,g4 ,rppellii71 ii41 #gd4 #c4--,! ,cre/$ ,vultures 7,vultur71 ii41 #ge2 ! ,c[l$ or ,br[n ,vulture 7,v4 c9]eus71 ii41 #ge2 ! ,cre/$ ,vulture 7,vultur or ,lophogyps occipitalis71 ii41 #gf4 #d4--,! ,e>$ ,vultures 7,otogyps71 ii41 #gf2 ! ,e>$ ,vulture 7,o4 auricul>is71 ii41 #gg4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,rav5 ,,vultures 7,,ca?>t71 ii41 #gg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,scav5g] ,rav5 ,vultures 7,p]cnopt]us71 ii41 #gh2 ! ,egyptian ,rav5 ,vulture 7,p4 /]cor>ius71 ii41 #gh4 #b4--,! ,coll>$ ,vultures 7,neophron71 ii41 #gi2 ! ,monk ,vulture 7,n4 pileatus71 ii41 #gi4 #c4--,! ,true ,rav5 ,vultures 7,ca?>tes71 ii41 #hb2 ! ,urubu 7,c4 aura71 ii41 #hb4 #d4--,! ,cr[ ,vultures 7,coragyps71 ii41 #hb2 ! ,gall9azo 7,c4 atratus71 ii41 #hb4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,day ,,owls 7,,surni71 ii41 #he4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,falcon ,owls 7,surnia71 ii41 #he2 ! ,sp>r[-hawk ,owl 7,s4 ,ulula71 ii41 #he4 #b4--,! ,h>e ,owls 7,nyctea71 ii41 #hf2 ! ,sn[ ,owl 7,n4 nivea71 ii41 #hf4 #c4--,! ,/one ,owls 7,a!ne71 ii41 #hg2 ! ,/one ,owl 7,a!ne noctua71 ii41 #hg4 #d4--,! ,burr[+ ,owls 7,pholeoptynx71 ii41 #hi2 ! ,brazilian or ,rabbit ,owl 7,p4 cunicul>ia71 ii41 #ij2 ! ,prairie ,owl 7,p4 hypoga71 ii41 #ij4 #e4--,! ,sp>r[ ,owls 7,microptynx71 ii41 #ia2 ! ,european ,sp>r[ ,owl 7,m4 pass]9a71 ii41 #ia4 ,,family ,,xii4--,,! ,,e>$ ,,owls 7,,bubones71 ii41 #ia4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,uhus 7,bubo71 ii41 #ia2 ! ,uhu 7,b4 maximus71 ii41 #ic4 #b4--,! ,wat] ,owls 7,ketupa71 ii41 #ie2 ! ,br[n ,fi% ,owl 7,k4 ,ceylon5sis71 ii41 #ie4 #c4--,! ,e>$ ,owls 7,otus71 ii41 #ig2 ! ,woodl& ,owl 7,o4 sylve/ris71 ii41 #ig2 ! ,m>% ,owl 7,o4 bra*yotus71 ii41 #ih4 #d4--,! ,dw>f ,e>$ ,owls 7,ephialtes71 ii41 #ih2 ! ,dw>f ,e>$ ,owl 7,e4 ,scops1 or ,e4 ,c>niolica71 ii41 #ih4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,nocturnal ,,owls 7,,/riges71 ii41 #ii4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tree ,owls 7,syrnium71 ii41 #ii2 ! ,tree ,owl 7,s4 aluco71 ii41 #ii4 #b4--,! ,night ,owls 7,nyctale71 ii41 #ajj2 ! ,hairy-foot$ ,night ,owl 7,n4 dasypus71 ii41 #ajj4 #c4--,! ,veil$ ,owls 7,/rix71 ii41 #ajb2 ,kir*h(f's ,owl 7,s4 ,kir*h(fii71 ii41 #ajb2 ! ,b>n ,owl 7,s4 flammea71 ii41 #ajb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,v4 ,,! ,,gap]s 7,,hiantes74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,swall[s 7,,hirund9es71 ii41 #ajd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,swall[s 7,cecropis71 ii41 #aje2 ,! ,*imney ,swall[ 7,c4 ru/ica71 ii41 #ajf2 ! ,s5egal ,swall[ 7,c4 ,s5egal5sis71 ii41 #aji2 ! ,?read-tail$ ,swall[ 7,c4 filif]a71 ii41 #aaj4 #b4--,! ,m>t9s 7,*elidon71 ii41 #aaj2 ! ,h\se ,m>t9 7,c4 urbica71 ii41 #aaj2 ! ,ariel 7,c4 ,ariel71 ii41 #aac4 #c4--,! ,m\nta9 or ,%ore ,swall[s 7,cotyle71 ii41 #aaa2 ! ,rock ,swall[s 7,c4 rupe/ris71 ii41 #aaa2 ! ,s& ,m>t9 7,c4 rip>ia71 ii41 #aab4 #d4--,! ,wood ,swall[s 7,atticora71 ii41 #aad2 ! ,/rip$ ,wood ,swall[ 7,a4 fasciata71 ii41 #aad4 #e4--,! ,sailor ,swall[s 7,progne71 ii41 #aad2 ! ,purple ,swall[ 7,p4 purpurea71 ii41 #aad4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,swifts 7,,cypseli71 ii41 #aae4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tree ,swifts 7,d5dro*elidon71 ii41 #aah2 ! ,kle*o 7,d4 kle*o71 ii41 #aah4 #b4--,! ,salanganes 7,collocalia71 ii41 #aah2 ! ,salangane ,prop] 7,c4 nidifica71 ii41 #aah2 ! ,kusappi 7,c4 fuciphaga71 ii41 #aai4 #c4--,! ,prickly-tail$ ,swifts 7,acan?ylis71 ii41 #aba2 ! ,:ite-?roat$ ,prickly-tail$ ,swift 7,a4 caudatus71 ii41 #abb4 #d4--,! ,swifts ,prop] 7,cypselus71 ii41 #abb2 ! ,dw>f ,swift 7,c4 p>vus71 ii41 #abb2 ! ,palm-tree ,swift 7,c4 palm>um71 ii41 #abb2 ! ,/eeple ,swift 7,c4 apus71 ii41 #abb2 ! ,alp9e ,swift 7,c4 ,melba71 ii41 #abc4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,goatsuck]s 7,,caprimulgi71 ii41 #abd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,podag]s 7,podag]71 ii41 #abe2 ! ,nacunda 7,p4 nacunda71 ii41 #abe4 #b4--,! ,twilight ,night ,j>s 7,*ordeiles71 ii41 #abf2 ! ,night ,falcon 7,c4 ,virg9ianus71 ii41 #abf4 #c4--,! ,goatsuck]s 7,caprimulgus71 ii41 #abg2 ! ,european ,night ,j> 7,c4 ,europu71 ii41 #abg2 ! ,respl5d5t ,goatsuck] 7,c4 eximius71 ii41 #abh4 #d4--,! ,bri/l$ ,night ,j>s 7,antro/omus71 ii41 #abh2 ! ,:ip-poor-,w 7,a4 vocif]us71 ii41 #abh4 #e4--,! ,african ,night ,j>s 7,scotornis71 ii41 #abi2 ! ,african ,night ,j> 7,s4 climacurus71 ii41 #abi4 #f4--,! ,lyre-tail$ ,night ,j>s 7,hydropsalis71 ii41 #acj2 ! ,lyre-tail$ ,night ,j> 7,h4 =cipata71 ii41 #acj4 #g4--,! ,/ream] ,night ,j>s 7,macrodipt]yx71 ii41 #aca2 ! ,long-w+$ ,macrodipt]yx 7,m4 longip5nis71 ii41 #aca2 ! ,/ream]-be>+ ,night ,j> 7,m4 or ,cosmetornis vexill>ius71 ii41 #aca4 #h4--,! ,giant ,goatsuck]s 7,nyctibius71 ii41 #acd2 ! ,ibijau1 or ,e>?-eat] 7,n4 gr&is71 ii41 #acd4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,oil ,,birds 7,,/eatorni!s71 ii41 #ace4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gua*]o1 or ,oil ,bird 7,/eatornis ,c>ip5sis71 ii41 #ace4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,owl ,,swall[s 7,,pod>gi71 ii41 #acf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,dw>f ,owl ,swall[s 7go!les71 ii41 #acf2 ! ,dw>f ,owl ,swall[ 74 ,nov-,holl&i71 ii41 #acg4 #b4--,! ,giant ,owl ,swall[s 7,pod>gus71 ii41 #ach2 ! ,giant ,owl ,swall[ 7,p4 hum]alis71 ii41 #ach4 #c4--,! ,frog-m\?s 7,batra*o/omus71 ii41 #adj2 ! ,plum$ ,frog-m\? 7,b4 cornutus or ,javanicus71 ii41 #adj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,vi4 ,,s++ ,,birds 7,,osc9es74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,%rikes 7,,lanii71 ii41 #ada4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,but*] ,birds 7,lanius71 ii41 #ada2 ! ,s5t9el ,but*] ,bird1 or ,great ,grey ,%rike 7,l4 excubitor71 ii41 #adb2 ! ,s\!rn ,%rike 7,l4 m]idionalis71 ii41 #adc2 ! ,black-br[$ ,%rike 7,l4 m9or71 ii41 #adc4 #b4--,! ,but*] ,birds ,prop] 7,enneoctonus71 ii41 #adf2 ! ,r$-back$ ,%rike1 or ,true ,but*] ,bird 7,e4 collurio71 ii41 #adf2 ! ,r$-head$ ,%rike 7,e4 or ,phoneus rufus71 ii41 #adf2 ! ,mask$ ,%rike 7,e4 p]sonatus71 ii41 #adg4 #c4--,! ,?ick-head$ ,%rikes 7,falcunculus71 ii41 #adg2 ! ,falcon ,%rike 7,f4 frontatus71 ii41 #adg4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,bu% ,,%rikes 7,,malaconoti71 ii41 #adh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,flute-voic$ ,%rikes 7,lani>ius71 ii41 #adi2 ! ,sc>let ,%rike 7,l4 ery?roga/]71 ii41 #adi2 ! ,flute ,%rike 7,l4 ?iopicus71 ii41 #aej4 #b4--,! ,hood$ ,%rikes 7,telephonus71 ii41 #aej2 ! ,ts*agra 7,t4 ery?ropt]us71 ii41 #aej4 #c4--,! ,helmet ,%rikes 7,prionops71 ii41 #aea2 ! ,helmet ,%rike 7,p4 cri/atus71 ii41 #aea4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,rav5 ,,%rikes 7,,?amnophili71 ii41 #aeb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cr[ ,%rikes 7,cracticus71 ii41 #aea2 ! ,magpie ,%rike 7,c4 de/ructor71 ii41 #aea4 #b4--,! ,true ,rav5 ,%rikes 7,?amnophilus71 ii41 #aeb2 ,vigors' ,rav5 ,%rike 7,t4 undulatus71 ii41 #aec4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,drongo ,,%rikes 7,,edolii71 ii41 #aed4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,k+ ,cr[s 7,dicr\rus71 ii41 #aed2 ! ,k+ ,cr[1 or ,f+a 7,d4 macroc]cus71 ii41 #aed4 #b4--,! ,drongos 7,*aptia71 ii41 #aed2 ! ,s++ ,drongo 7,c4 musica71 ii41 #aed4 #c4--,! ,flag-be>+ ,drongos 7,edolius71 ii41 #aee2 ! ,bee ,k+ 7,e4 p>adiseus71 ii41 #aee4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,swall[ ,,%rikes 7,,artami71 ii41 #aef4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,swall[ ,%rikes 7,artamus71 ii41 #aef2 ! ,wood ,swall[ ,%rike 7,a4 sordidus71 ii41 #aef4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,tyrant ,,%rikes 7,,tyranni71 ii41 #aeh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tyrants 7,tyrannus71 ii41 #aeh2 ! ,tyrant ,%rike1 or ,k+ ,bird 7,t4 intrepidus71 ii41 #aeh4 #b4--,! ,scream+ ,tyrants 7,saurophagus71 ii41 #aei2 ! ,b5tevi 7,s4 sulphuratus71 ii41 #aei4 #c4--,! ,=k-tail$ ,tyrants 7,milvalus71 ii41 #afa2 ! ,scissor ,bird 7,m4 tyrannus71 ii41 #afa4 #d4--,! ,cr[n$ ,tyrants 7,megalophus71 ii41 #afb2 ! ,royal ,tyrant 7,m4 regius71 ii41 #afb4 #e4--,! ,/ilt$ ,fly-cat*]s 7,gub]nates71 ii41 #afc2 ! ,yip]u1 or ,yetapa 7,g4 ,yip]u71 ii41 #afc4 #f4--,! ,cock-tail$ ,fly-cat*]s 7,alectrurus71 ii41 #afc2 ! ,cock-tail$ ,fly-cat*] 7,a4 tricolor71 ii41 #afc4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,cat]pill> ,,eat]s 7,,campephag71 ii41 #afd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,r$ ,bird 7,p]icrocotus71 ii41 #afd2 ! ,r$ ,bird 7,p4 speciosus71 ii41 #afd4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,fly-,,snapp]s 7,,myiagr71 ii41 #afd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,p>adise ,fly-cat*]s 7,t]psiphone71 ii41 #aff2 ! ,p>adise ,fly-snapp] 7,t4 p>adisea71 ii41 #aff4 #b4--,! ,fantails 7,rhipidura71 ii41 #aff2 ! ,wagtail ,fantail 7,r4 motacilloides71 ii41 #afg4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,fly-,,cat*]s 7,,muscicap71 ii41 #afg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,fly-cat*]s 7,butalis71 ii41 #afh2 ! ,grey or ,spott$ ,fly-cat*] 7,b4 grisola71 ii41 #afh4 #b4--,! ,m\rn+ ,fly-cat*]s 7,muscicapa71 ii41 #afi2 ! ,black-capp$ or ,pi$ ,fly-cat*] 7,m4 atricapilla71 ii41 #agj2 ! ,coll>$ or ,:ite-neck$ ,fly-cat*] 7,m4 albicollis71 ii41 #agj4 #c4--,! ,dw>f ,fly-cat*]s 7,ery?ro/]na71 ii41 #aga2 ! ,dw>f ,fly-cat*] 7,e4 p>va71 ii41 #aga4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,silk-,,tails 7,,bombycill71 ii41 #aga4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,silk-tails 7,bombycilla71 ii41 #aga2 ! ,bohemian ,*att]]1 or ,wax-,w+ 7,b4 g>rula71 ii41 #agb4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,manak9s 7,,pipr71 ii41 #agd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,rock ,birds 7,rupicola71 ii41 #agd2 ! ,cock ( ! ,rock 7,r4 crocea71 ii41 #agd4 #b4--,! ,true ,manak9s 7,pipr71 ii41 #agf2 ! ,long-tail$ ,manak9 7,p4 caudata71 ii41 #agg2 ! ,tije 7,p4 p>eola71 ii41 #agg2 ! ,black-cap ,manak9 7,p4 manacus71 ii41 #agh4 #c4--,! ,pan!r ,birds 7,p>dalotus71 ii41 #agh2 ! ,diamond ,bird 7,p4 punctatus71 ii41 #agh4 ,,family ,,xii4--,,! ,,bald-,,head$ ,,cr[s 7,,gymnod]i71 ii41 #agi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bald ,fruit ,cr[s 7,gymnocephalus71 ii41 #ahj2 ! ,capu*9 ,bird 7,g4 calvus71 ii41 #ahj4 #b4--,! ,umbrella ,*att]]s 7,cephalopt]us71 ii41 #aha2 ! ,umbrella ,bird 7,c4 ornatus71 ii41 #aha4 #c4--,! ,bell ,birds 7,*asm>hyn*us71 ii41 #ahb2 ! ,b>e-neck$ ,bell ,bird 7,c4 nudicollis71 ii41 #ahb2 ! ,araponga 7,c4 v>iegatus71 ii41 #ahc2 ! ,true ,bell ,bird 7,c4 c>unculatus71 ii41 #ahc2 ! ,?ree-wattl$ ,bell ,bird 7,c4 tric>unculatus71 ii41 #ahc4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,gr\nd ,,s+]s 7,,humicol71 ii41 #ahd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,night+ales 7,lusc9ia71 ii41 #ahf2 ! ,night+ale 7,l4 ,philomela71 ii41 #ahf4 #b4--,! ,tree ,night+ales 7,adon71 ii41 #ahg2 ! ,tree ,night+ale 7,a4 galactodes71 ii41 #ahg4 #c4--,! ,blue-?roat$ ,w>bl]s 7,cyanecula71 ii41 #ahh2 ! ,sw$i% ,blue-?roat 7,c4 ,suecica71 ii41 #ahi2 ! ,:ite-/>r$ ,blue-?roat 7,c4 leucocyana71 ii41 #ahi4 #d4--,! ,ruby ,night+ales 7,calliope71 ii41 #aij2 ! ,calliope ( ,kams*atka 7,c4 ,camts*atc5sis71 ii41 #aij4 #e4--,! ,r$brea/s 7,rubecula71 ii41 #aia2 ! ,rob9 ,r$brea/ 7,r4 sylve/ris71 ii41 #aia4 ,,family ,,xiv4--,,! ,,w>bl]s 7,,monticol71 ii41 #aic4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,r$/>ts 7,ruticilla71 ii41 #aid2 ! ,black-capp$ ,r$/>t 7,r4 atra1 or ,r4 titys71 ii41 #aid2 ! ,g>d5 ,r$/>t 7,r4 phnicura71 ii41 #aie4 #b4--,! ,mead[ ,w>bl]s 7,prat9cola71 ii41 #aie2 ! ,br[n-?roat$ ,mead[ ,w>bl] 7,p4 rubetra71 ii41 #aie2 ! ,black-?roat$ ,mead[ ,w>bl] 7,p4 rubicola71 ii41 #aif4 #c4--,! ,*ats 7,saxicol71 ii41 #aih2 ! ,fall[ ,*at1 or ,:eat-e> 7,s4 nan!71 ii41 #aih2 ! ,e>$ ,/one ,*at 7,s4 aurita71 ii41 #aih2 ! ,black-?roat$ ,/one ,*at 7,s4 /apaz9a71 ii41 #aih4 #d4--,! ,runn+ ,w>bl]s 7,dromola71 ii41 #aii2 ! ,:ite-tail$ ,:eat-e> 7,d4 leucura71 ii41 #bjj4 #e4--,! ,/one ,?ru%es1 or ,rock ,wagtails 7,petroc9cla71 ii41 #bjb2 ! ,/one ,?ru%1 or ,rock ,wagtail 7,p4 or ,turdus saxatilis71 ii41 #bjb2 ! ,blue ,rock ,wagtail 7,p4 cyanea71 ii41 #bjc4 #f4--,! ,bu% ,w>bl]s 7,?amnola71 ii41 #bjd2 ! ,bu% ,w>bl] 7,t4 albiscapulata71 ii41 #bjd4 ,,family ,,xv4--,,! ,,?ru%es 7,,turdi71 ii41 #bje4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,wood ,?ru%es 7,turdus71 ii41 #bjf2 ! ,missel ,?ru% 7,t4 viscivorus71 ii41 #bjf2 ! ,song ,?ru% 7,t4 musicus71 ii41 #bjg2 ! ,fieldf>e 7,t4 pil>is71 ii41 #bjg2 ! ,r$w+ 7,t4 iliacus71 ii41 #baj2 ! ,r+ ,ouzel 7,t4 torquatus71 ii41 #baa2 ! ,blackbird 7,t4 m]ula71 ii41 #baa4 ,,family ,,xvi4--,,! ,,mock+ ,,?ru%es 7,,mimi71 ii41 #bac4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,mock+ ,?ru%es 7,mimi71 ii41 #bad2 ! ,mock+ ,bird 7,m4 polyglottus71 ii41 #bad4 #b4--,! ,r$ ,mock+ ,?ru%es 7,taxo/oma71 ii41 #baf2 ! ,f]rug9\s ,mock+ ,bird 7,t4 rufum71 ii41 #baf4 #c4--,! ,cat ,birds 7,galeoscoptes71 ii41 #baf2 ! ,cat ,bird 7,g4 ,c>ol95sis71 ii41 #baf4 ,,family ,,xvii4--,,! ,,babbl]s 7,,timali71 ii41 #bah4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,grey ,birds 7,pycnonotus71 ii41 #bah2 ! ,grey ,bird 7,p4 ars9o71 ii41 #bah2 ,le ,vaillant's ,grey ,bird 7,p4 ,vaillantii71 ii41 #bai4 #b4--,! ,true ,babbl]s 7,timalia71 ii41 #bbj2 ! ,r$-head$ ,babbl] 7,t4 pileata71 ii41 #bbj4 #c4--,! ,hook-claw$ ,babbl]s 7,crat]opus71 ii41 #bba2 ! ,:ite-rump$ ,babbl] 7,c4 leucopygius71 ii41 #bba4 #d4--,! ,laugh+ ,?ru%es 7,g>rulax71 ii41 #bbb2 ! ,:ite-tuft$ ,laugh+ ,?ru% 7,g4 leucolophus71 ii41 #bbc4 ,,family ,,xviii4--,,! ,,wat] ,,ouzels 7,,c9clus71 ii41 #bbc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,wat] ,ouzels 7,c9clus71 ii41 #bbc2 ! ,wat] ,ouzel1 or ,dipp] 7,c4 aquaticus71 ii41 #bbc2 ! ,am]ican ,wat] ,ouzel 7,c4 ,am]icanus71 ii41 #bbh4 ,,family ,,xix4--,,! ,,pittas 7,,pitt71 ii41 #bbh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,pittas1 or ,pa9t$ ,?ru%es 7,pitta71 ii41 #bbh2 ! ,nurang 7,p4 ,b5gal5sis71 ii41 #bbh2 ! ,pulih 7,p4 ,angol5sis71 ii41 #bbi2 ! ,noisy ,pitta 7,p4 /repitans71 ii41 #bbi4 ,,family ,,xx4--,,! ,,ant ,,?ru%es 7,,myio!r71 ii41 #bcj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ant ,birds 7,pyrigl5a71 ii41 #bcj2 ! ,fire ,eye 7,p4 domicella71 ii41 #bcj4 #b4--,! ,ant ,k+s 7,grall>ia71 ii41 #bca2 ! ,ant ,k+ 7,g4 rex71 ii41 #bca4 #c4--,! ,tapacolos 7,pt]opto*us71 ii41 #bca2 ! ,tapacolo1 or ,tualo 7,p4 megapodius71 ii41 #bca4 ,,family ,,xxi4--,,! ,,lyre-,,tails 7,,m5ur71 ii41 #bcb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,lyre-tails 7,m5ura71 ii41 #bcb2 ! ,lyre ,bird 7,m4 sup]ba71 ii41 #bcb4 ,,family ,,xxii4--,,! ,,song ,,w>bl]s 7,,sylvi71 ii41 #bcg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,song ,w>bl]s 7,curruca71 ii1 #bch2 ! ,sp>r[-hawk ,w>bl] 7,c4 nisoria71 ii41 #bch2 ! ,orpheus ,w>bl] 7,c4 ,orphea71 ii41 #bci2 ! ,great] ,petti*aps 7,c4 or ,sylvia hort5sis71 ii41 #bdj2 ! ,less] ,:ite-?roat 7,c4 g>rula71 ii41 #bdb2 ! ,capirote1 or ,black-cap 7,c4 atricapilla71 ii41 #bdc2 ! ,:ite-?roat 7,c4 c9]ea71 ii41 #bde2 ! ,spectacl$ ,w>bl] 7,c4 conspiculata71 ii41 #bdf2 ! ,:ite-?roat$ ,w>bl] 7,c4 leucopogon71 ii41 #bdg4 #b4--,! ,fire-ey$ ,w>bl]s 7,pyroph?alma71 ii41 #bdg2 ! ,black-head$ ,fire-ey$ ,w>bl] 7,p4 melanocephala71 ii41 #bdh2 ! ,s>d9ian ,fire-ey$ ,black-head 7,p4 ,s>da71 ii41 #bdi2 ! ,prov5ce or ,d>t=d ,w>bl] 7,p4 ,prov9cialis71 ii41 #bdi4 ,,family ,,xxiii4--,,! ,,tree ,,w>bl]s 7,,phylloscopi71 ii41 #beb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tree ,w>bl]s 7,phyllopneu/e71 ii41 #beb2 ! ,field ,tree ,w>bl]1 or ,will[ ,wr5 7,p4 ,tro*ilus71 ii41 #beb4 #b4--,! ,leaf ,wr5s 7,reguloides71 ii41 #bed2 ! ,leaf ,wr5 7,r4 ,proregulus71 ii41 #bed4 #c4--,! ,g>d5 ,w>bl]s 7,hypolais71 ii41 #bed2 ! ,melodi\s ,will[ ,wr5 7,h4 hort5sis1 or ,h4 salic>i71 ii41 #bed2 ! ,*iff-,*aff 7,h4 or ,sylvia rufa71 ii41 #bee2 ! ,a%y ,g>d5 ,w>bl] 7,h4 c9]esc5s71 ii41 #bef4 ,,family ,,xxiv4--,,! ,,m>% ,,w>bl]s 7,,calamodyt71 ii41 #beg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,re$ ,w>bl]s 7,acrocephalus71 ii41 #beh2 ! ,true ,re$ ,w>bl] 7,a4 turdoides71 ii41 #beh4 #b4--,! ,s$ge ,w>bl]s 7,calamodus71 ii41 #bei2 ! ,s$ge ,w>bl] 7,c4 phragmitis71 ii41 #bei4 #c--,! ,gras%opp] ,w>bl]s 7,locu/ella71 ii41 #bfa2 ! ,gras%opp] ,w>bl] 7,l4 c]?iola71 ii41 #bfa4 ,,family ,,xxv4--,,! ,,bu% ,,w>bl]s 7,,drymoic71 ii41 #bfb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bu% ,w>bl]s 7,ci/icola71 ii41 #bfb2 ! ,p9c-,p9c 7,c4 s*nicola71 ii41 #bfc4 #b4--,! ,tailor ,birds 7,or?otomus71 ii41 #bfd2 ! ,tailor ,bird 7,o4 longicauda71 ii41 #bfe4 #c4--,! ,emu ,wr5s 7,/ipiturus71 ii41 #bff2 ! ,emu ,wr5 7,s4 mala*urus71 ii41 #bff4 ,,family ,,xxvi4--,,! ,,wr5s 7,,troglodyt71 ii41 #bfi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,wr5s ,prop] 7,troglodytes71 ii41 #bgj2 ! ,common ,wr5 7,t4 p>vulus71 ii41 #bgj4 #b4--,! ,m>% ,wr5s 7,?ryo?orus71 ii41 #bga2 ! ,c>ol9a ,wr5 7,t4 ,ludovicianus71 ii41 #bgb2 ! ,h\se ,wr5 7,t4 plat5sis71 ii41 #bgc4 #c4--,! ,flute ,play]s 7,cyphorh9us71 ii41 #bgc2 ! ,flute ,play]s 7,c4 cantans71 ii41 #bgc4 ,,family ,,xxvii4--,,! ,,pipits 7,,an?i71 ii41 #bgd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,pipits 7,an?us71 ii41 #bgd2 ! ,mead[ ,pipit 7,a4 prat5sis71 ii41 #bgd2 ! ,tree ,pipit 7,a4 arboreus71 ii41 #bge2 ! ,rock ,pipit 7,a4 petrosus71 ii41 #bgh4 #b4--,! ,field ,pipits 7,agrodroma71 ii41 #bgi2 ! ,/one or ,fall[-l& ,pipit 7,a4 campe/ris71 ii41 #bgi4 #c4--,! ,spurr$ ,pipits 7,corydalla71 ii41 #bha2 ,ri*>d's ,spurr$ ,pipit 7,c4 ,ri*>dii71 ii41 #bhb4 ,,family ,,xxviii4--,,! ,,wagtails 7,,motacill71 ii41 #bhb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,wagtails 7,motacilla71 ii41 #bhb2 ! ,:ite ,wagtail 7,m4 alba71 ii41 #bhc2 ! ,pi$ ,wagtail 7,m4 ,y>rellii71 ii41 #bhe2 ! ,dhob9 7,m4 ,dukhun5sis71 ii41 #bhf2 ! ,rock ,wagtail 7,m4 ,li*t5/e9ii71 ii41 #bhf4 #b4--,! ,m\nta9 ,wagtails 7,calobates71 ii41 #bhg2 ! ,m\nta9 ,wagtail 7,c4 sulphurea71 ii41 #bhg4 #c4--,! ,%eep ,wagtails 7,budytes71 ii41 #bhh2 ! ,c[ or ,mead[ ,wagtail 7,b4 flavus71 ii41 #bhi2 ,ray's ,wagtail 7,b4 ,rayii71 ii41 #bhi2 ! ,velvet-head$ or ,%eep ,wagtail 7,b4 melanocephalus71 ii41 #bij2 ! ,yell[-head$ ,wagtail 7,b4 citreolus71 ii41 #bia4 #d4--,! ,wood ,wagtails 7,nemoricola71 ii41 #bia2 ! ,gom>ita1 or ,g>d5 ,wagtail 7,n4 ,indica71 ii41 #bia4 #e4--,! ,swall[ ,wagtails 7,enicurus71 ii41 #aib2 ! ,m59t+ 7,e4 coronatus71 ii41 #bib4 ,,family ,,xxix4--,,! ,,acc5tors 7,,acc5tores71 ii41 #bib4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,h$ge ,sp>r[s1 or ,h$ge ,w>bl]s 7,?>raleus71 ii41 #bid2 ! ,h$ge ,w>bl] 7,t4 modul>is71 ii41 #bid2 ! ,sib]ian ,acc5tor 7,t4 montanellus71 ii41 #bie4 #b4--,! ,l>k ,acc5tors 7,acc5tor71 ii41 #bie2 ! ,alp9e ,acc5tor 7,a4 ,alp9us71 ii41 #bie4 ,,family ,,xxx4--,,! ,,tits 7,,p>i71 ii41 #bif4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cre/$ ,wr5s1 or ,k+lets 7,regulus71 ii41 #big2 ! ,gold5-cre/$ ,wr5 7,r4 auricapillus71 ii41 #bih2 ! ,dalmatian ,wr5 7,r4 mode/us71 ii41 #bih2 ! ,fire-cre/$ ,wr5 7,r4 ignicapillus71 ii41 #bii2 ! ,satrap ,cr[n$ ,wr5 7,r4 satrapa71 ii41 #bii2 ! ,ruby-cr[n$ ,wr5 7,r4 cal5dulus71 ii41 #cja4 #b4--,! ,p5dul9e ,titmice 7gi?alus71 ii41 #cjb2 ! ,p5dul9e ,titm\se 74 p5dul9us71 ii41 #cjb4 #c4--,! ,re$ ,titmice 7,panurus71 ii41 #cjc2 ! ,be>d$ ,titm\se 7,p4 bi>micus71 ii41 #cjc4 #d4--,! ,long-tail$ ,titmice 7,orites71 ii41 #cjf2 ! ,long-tail$ ,titm\se 7,o4 caudatus71 ii41 #cjf4 #e4--,! ,cre/$ ,titmice 7,lophophanes71 ii41 #cjg2 ! ,cre/$ ,tit 7,l4 cri/atus71 ii41 #cjg2 ! ,t\pet ,tit 7,l4 bicolor71 ii41 #cji4 #f4--,! ,wood ,tits 7,p>us71 ii41 #cji2 ! ,great ,tit 7,p>us major71 ii41 #cji2 ! ,sombre ,tit 7,p4 lugubris71 ii41 #caa2 ! ,cole ,tit 7,p4 at]71 ii41 #caa2 ! ,blue ,tit 7,p4 cruleus71 ii41 #cad2 ! ,azure ,tit 7,p4 cyaneus71 ii41 #caf2 ! ,sib]ian ,tit 7,p4 ,sib]icus71 ii41 #caf2 ! ,m>% ,tit 7,p4 palu/ris71 ii41 #cag2 ! ,c>ol9a ,titm\se 7,p4 ,c>ol95sis71 ii41 #cah2 ! ,black-capp$ ,titm\se 7,p4 atricapillus71 ii41 #cah4 ,,ord] ,,iii4 ,,se>*]s 7,,inve/igatores74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,climb]s 7,,scansores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,fl[] ,,birds 7,,c]?iol71 iii41 #b4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,blue ,fl[] ,birds 7,creba71 iii41 #b2 ! ,sai1 or ,blue ,creba 7,c4 cyanea71 iii41 #c4 #b4--,! ,pitpits 7,c]?iola71 iii41 #d2 ! ,banana ,quit1 or ,black & ,yell[ ,creep] 7,c4 flaveola71 iii41 #d4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,honeysuck]s 7,,nect>9i71 iii41 #e4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,honeysuck]s 7,h$ydipna71 iii41 #f2 ! ,abu-,ris* 7,h4 metallica71 iii41 #f4 #b4--,! ,fire ,honeysuck]s 7?opyga71 iii41 #f2 ! ,cadet 74 miles71 iii41 #f4 #c4--,! ,b5t-beaks 7,cyrto/omus71 iii41 #g2 ! ,au/ralian ,blossom ,rifl] 7,c4 ,au/ralis71 iii41 #g4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,spid]-,,eat]s 7,,ara*no!r71 iii41 #g4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,half-bills 7,hemigna?us71 iii41 #h2 ! ,brilliant ,half-bill 7,h4 lucidus71 iii41 #h4 #b4--,! ,hang+ ,birds 7,ara*noce/ra71 iii41 #h2 ! ,true ,hang+ ,bird 7,a4 longiro/ris71 iii41 #h4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,honey-,,eat]s 7,,meliphag71 iii41 #i4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,honey-eat]s 7,myzomela71 iii41 #aj2 ! ,r$-head$ ,honey-eat] 7,m4 ery?rocephala71 iii41 #aj4 #b4--,! ,tuft$ ,honey-eat]s 7,ptilotis71 iii41 #aj2 ! ,yell[-?roat$ ,tuft$ ,honey-eat] 7,p4 flavigula71 iii41 #aj4 #c4--,! ,bru% ,wattle ,birds 7,meli*ra71 iii41 #aa2 ! ,true ,bru% ,wattle ,bird 7,m4 mellivora71 iii41 #aa2 ! ,poe1 or ,tui 7,m4 or ,pro/hemad]a circ9ata71 iii41 #ab4 #d4--,! ,fri> ,birds 7,tropidorhyn*us71 iii41 #ab2 ! ,lea!r-head 7,t4 corniculatus71 iii41 #ab4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,hoopoes 7,,upup71 iii41 #ad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hoopoes ,prop] 7,upupa71 iii41 #ad2 ! ,common ,hoopoe 7,u4 epops71 iii41 #ad4 #b4--,! ,tree ,hoopoes 7,irrisor71 iii41 #ae2 ! ,r$-beak$ ,tree ,hoopoe 7,i4 ery?rorhyn*us71 iii41 #ae4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,tree-,,climb]s 7,,anabat71 iii41 #ae4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bundle-ne/s 7,phacellodomus71 iii41 #af2 ! ,r$-front$ ,bundle-ne/ 7,p4 rufifrons71 iii41 #ag4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,ov5 ,,birds 7,,furn>ii71 iii41 #ah4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ov5 ,birds 7,furn>ius71 iii41 #ah2 ! ,r$ ,ov5 ,bird 7,f4 rufus71 iii41 #ah4 #b4--,! ,gr\nd ,woodpeck]s 7,geositta71 iii41 #ai2 ! ,burr[+ ,gr\nd ,woodpeck] 7,g4 cunicul>ia71 iii41 #ai4 #c4--,! ,/air-beaks 7,x5ops71 iii41 #ai2 ! ,hairy-*eck$ ,/air-beak 7,n4 g5ib>bis71 iii41 #bj4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,nut-,,hat*es 7,,sitt71 iii41 #bj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,nut-hat*es 7,sitta71 iii41 #bj2 ! ,common ,nu?at* 7,s4 csia71 iii41 #ba2 ! ,syrian ,nu?at* 7,s4 ,syriaca71 iii41 #bb4 #b4--,! ,creep]s 7,sitella71 iii41 #bb2 ! ,bonnet$ ,creep] 7,s4 pileata71 iii41 #bb4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,wall ,,creep]s 7,,ti*odrom71 iii41 #bc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,wall ,creep]s 7,ti*odroma71 iii41 #bc2 ! ,alp9e or ,r$-w+$ ,wall ,creep] 7,t4 mur>ia71 iii41 #bc4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,tree ,,creep]s 7,,sc&5tes71 iii41 #bd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tree ,creep]s 7,c]?ia71 iii41 #bc2 ! ,common ,tree ,creep] 7,c4 famili>is71 iii41 #be4 #b4--,! ,sabre ,bills 7,xiphorhyn*us71 iii41 #bf2 ! ,sabre ,bill 7,x4 tro*iloro/ris71 iii41 #bf4 #c4--,! ,tree ,*opp]s 7,d5droplex71 iii41 #bf2 ! ,woodpeck] ,tree ,*opp] 7,d4 picus71 iii41 #bf4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,woodpeck]s 7,,picid71 ii41 #bf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,black ,woodpeck]s 7,dryocopus71 iii41 #bg2 ! ,european ,black ,woodpeck] 7,d4 m>tius71 iii41 #bg4 #b4--,! ,giant ,woodpeck]s 7,campephilus71 iii41 #bh2 ! ,imp]ial ,woodpeck] 7,c4 imp]ialis71 iii41 #cj2 ! ,ivory-bill$ ,woodpeck] 7,c4 pr9cipalis71 iii41 #cj4 ,,family ,,xii4--,,! ,,black ,,woodpeck]s 7,,melan]pes71 iii41 #cd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,black ,woodpeck]s 7,melan]pes71 iii41 #cd2 ! ,r$-head$ ,black ,woodpeck] 7,m4 ery?rocephalus71 iii41 #cd2 ! ,ant-eat+ ,black ,woodpeck] 7,m4 =micivorus71 iii41 #cf4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,v>iegat$ ,,woodpeck]s 7,,pici71 iii41 #cf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,v>iegat$ ,woodpeck]s 7,picus71 iii41 #cf2 ! ,great ,spott$ ,woodpeck] 7,p4 major71 iii41 #cf4 #b4--,! ,h>lequ9 ,woodpeck]s 7,piculus71 iii41 #cg2 ! ,h>lequ9 ,woodpeck] 7,p4 m9or71 iii41 #cg4 #c4--,! ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck]s 7,apt]nus71 iii41 #ch2 ! ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] 7,a4 tridactylus71 iii41 #ch4 ,,family ,,xiv4--,,! ,,gre5 ,,woodpeck]s 7,,gec9i71 iii41 #ci4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gre5 ,woodpeck]s 7,gec9us71 iii41 #ci2 ! ,gre5 ,woodpeck] 7,g4 viridis71 iii41 #ci4 ,,family ,,xv4--,,! ,,cuckoo ,,woodpeck]s 7,,colaptes71 iii41 #da4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gold5 ,cuckoo ,woodpeck]s 7,colaptes71 iii41 #da2 ! ,gold5-w+$ ,woodpeck] 7,c4 auratus71 iii41 #da2 ! ,r$-%aft$ or ,copp] ,woodpeck] 7,c4 ,mexicanus71 iii41 #db4 #b4--,! ,field ,cuckoo ,woodpeck]s 7,geocolaptes71 iii41 #dc2 ! ,field ,woodpeck] 7,g4 campe/ris71 iii41 #dc4 ,,family ,,xvi4--,,! ,,s(t-,,tail$ ,,woodpeck]s 7,,picumni71 iii1 #dc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,dw>f ,woodpeck]s 7,picumnus71 iii41 #dc2 ! ,dw>f ,woodpeck] 7,p4 m9utus71 iii41 #dc4 ,,family ,,xvii4--,,! ,,wrynecks 7,,yunges71 iii41 #dc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,wrynecks 7,yunx71 iii41 #dc2 ! ,wryneck 7,yunx torquilla71 iii41 #dc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,viii4 ,,humm+ ,,birds 7,,/ridores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,giant ,,gnomes 7,,eu/ephani71 iii41 #dg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,giant ,humm+ ,birds 7,patagona71 iii41 #dg2 ! ,giant ,humm+ ,bird 7,p4 gigas71 iii41 #dg4 #b4--,! ,sword-bill ,humm+ ,birds 7,docima/es71 iii41 #di2 ! ,sword-bill ,humm+ ,bird 7,d4 ensif]71 iii41 #di4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,gnomes 7,,polytmi71 iii41 #ej4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,saw-bill$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,grypus71 iii41 #ej2 ! ,saw-bill 7,g4 nvius71 iii41 #ej4 #b4--,! ,sickle-bill$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,eutox]es71 iii41 #ea2 ! ,sickle-bill$ ,humm+ ,bird 7,e4 aquila71 iii41 #ea4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,sun ,,birds 7,,pha,,torni!s71 iii41 #ea4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,h]mits 7,phatornis71 iii41 #ea2 ! ,cay5ne ,h]mit 7,p4 sup]ciliosus71 iii41 #ea4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,nymphs 7,,oreotro*ili71 iii41 #eb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hill-/>s 7,oreotro*ilus71 iii41 #eb2 ! ,*imborazian ,hill-/> 7,o4 ,*imborazo71 iii41 #eb4 #b4--,! ,sabre-w+s 7,campylopt]us71 iii41 #ed2 ,de ,lattrei's ,sabre-w+ 7,c4 de ,lattrei71 iii41 #ed4 #c4--,! ,crook$ ,sabre-w+s 7,platy/ylopt]us71 iii41 #ee2 ! ,fawn-col\r$ ,sabre-w+ 7,p4 rufus71 iii41 #ee4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,jewel ,,humm+ ,,birds 7,,hypophani71 iii41 #ee4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,topaz ,humm+ ,birds 7,topaza71 iii41 #ee2 ! ,crimson ,topaz ,humm+ ,bird 7,t4 pella71 iii41 #ee4 #b4--,! ,capp$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,ai?urus71 iii41 #ef2 ! ,black-capp$ ,humm+ ,bird 7,a4 polytmus71 iii41 #ef4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,wood-,,nymphs 7,,lamporni!s71 iii41 #eh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,mango ,humm+ ,birds 7,lampornis71 iii41 #eh2 ! ,mango ,humm+ ,bird 7,l4 ,mango71 iii41 #eh4 #b4--,! ,wood-nymphs 7,*rysolampis72 ! ,ruby & ,topaz ,wood-nymph 7,c4 mos*ita71 iii41 #ei4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,fl[]-,,nymphs 7,,florisuga71 iii41 #fj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,fl[]-kiss]s 7,helio?rix71 iii41 #fj2 ! ,brazilian ,fairy 7,h4 auriculata71 iii41 #fj4 #b4--,! ,fl[]-suck]s 7,florisuga71 iii41 #fj2 ! ,pi$ ,jacob9 7,f4 atra71 iii41 #fj4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,fairie 7,,tro*ili71 iii41 #fj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,fairy ,humm+ ,birds 7,tro*ilus71 iii41 #fj2 ! ,ruby-?roat$ ,fairy ,humm+ ,bird 7,t4 colubris71 iii41 #fa4 #b4--,! ,ame?y/ ,humm+ ,birds 7,calliphlox71 iii41 #fd2 ! ,ame?y/ ,humm+ ,bird 7,c4 ame?y/9a71 iii41 #fj4 #c4--,! ,wood-/>s 7,calo?orax71 iii41 #fe2 ,mulsant's ,wood-/> 7,c4 ,mulsantii71 iii41 #fe4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,elves 7,,lophorni!s71 iii41 #ff4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,plov]-cre/s 7,cephalolepis71 iii41 #ff2 ,de ,lal&'s ,plov]-cre/ 7,c4 ,delal&ii71 iii41 #ff4 #b4--,! ,coquettes 7,lophornis71 iii41 #ff2 ,! ,spl5did ,coquette 7,l4 ornata71 iii41 #ff4 #c4--,! ,amazons 7,bellatrix71 iii41 #fg2 ! ,royal ,amazon 7,b4 reg9a71 iii41 #fh4 #d4--,! ,sun-gems 7,heliact9us71 iii41 #fh2 ! ,horn$ ,sun-gem 7,h4 cornutus71 iii41 #fh4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,sylphs 7,,lesbi71 iii41 #fi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,racket-tail$ ,sylphs 7,/eganurus71 iii41 #gj2 ! ,:ite-foot$ ,racket-tail 7,s4 ,und]woodii71 iii41 #gj4 #b4--,! ,comets 7,sp>ganura71 iii41 #ga2 ! ,sappho ,comet 7,s4 ,sappho71 iii41 #ga4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,mask$ ,,humm+ ,,birds 7,,microrhamphi71 iii41 #gd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,mask$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,microrhamphus71 iii41 #gd2 ! ,%>p-be>d$ ,mask$ ,humm+ ,bird 7,m4 oxypogon71 iii41 #gd4 #b4--,! ,helmet ,cre/s 7,oxypogon71 iii41 #ge2 ,l9d5's ,helmet ,cre/ 7,o4 ,l9d5ii71 iii41 #ge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,light-,,beaks 7,,leviro/res74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,bee-,,eat]s 7,,m]opes71 iii41 #ge4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bee-eat]s 7,m]ops71 iii41 #ge2 ! ,common ,bee-eat] 7,m4 apia/]71 iii41 #gf4 #b4--,! ,bee-wolves 7,melitto!res71 iii41 #gg2 ! ,bee-wolf 7,m4 nubicus71 iii41 #gg4 #c4--,! ,bridl$ ,bee-eat]s 7,coccol>ynx71 iii41 #gh2 ! ,bridl$ ,bee-eat] 7,c4 fr5atus71 iii41 #gh4 #d4--,! ,swall[ ,bee-eat]s 7,melittophagus71 iii41 #gh2 ! ,swall[ ,bee-eat] 7,m4 hirund9aceus71 iii41 #gh4 #e4--,! ,au/ralian ,bee-eat]s 7,cosmarops71 iii41 #gh2 ! ,au/ralian ,bee-eat] 7,c4 ornatus71 iii41 #gh4 #f4--,! ,nocturnal ,bee-eat]s 7,nyctiornis71 iii41 #gi2 ! ,sangrok 7,n4 ,a!rtonii71 iii41 #gi4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,roll]s 7,,coracii71 iii41 #gi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,blue ,roll]s 7,coracias71 iii41 #hj2 ! ,blue ,roll] 7,c4 g>rulus71 iii41 #hj4 #b4--,! ,doll> ,birds 7,eury/omus71 iii41 #hb2 ! ,au/ralian ,doll> ,bird 7,e4 ,au/ralis71 iii41 #hb2 ! ,ori5tal ,doll> ,bird 7,e4 ,ori5talis71 iii41 #hc4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,saw-,,bill ,,roll]s 7,,prionites71 iii41 #hc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,mot-mots 7,prionites71 iii41 #hc2 ! ,mot-mot 7,p4 momota71 iii41 #hc4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,broad-,,?roats 7,,eurylaimi71 iii41 #hd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tr[el-beaks 7,corydon71 iii41 #hd2 ! ,sumatran ,tr[el-beak 7,c4 ,sumatranus71 iii41 #hd4 #b4--,! ,true ,broad-?roats 7,eurylaimus71 iii41 #he2 ! ,java ,broad-?roat 7,e4 ,javanicus71 iii41 #he4 #c4--,! ,rayas 7,ps>isomus71 iii41 #hf2 ! ,raya 7,p4 ,dalh\si71 iii41 #hf4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,flat-,,bills 7,,todi71 iii41 #hf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,flat-bills 7,todus71 iii41 #hf2 ! ,gre5 ,tody 7,t4 viridis71 iii41 #hf4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,k+fi%]s 7,,alc$9es71 iii41 #hg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,k+fi%]s 7,alc$o71 iii41 #hh2 ! ,european ,k+fi%] 7,a4 ispida71 iii41 #hh4 #b4--,! ,purple ,k+fi%]s 7,ceyx71 iii41 #hi2 ! ,purple ,k+fi%] 7,c4 tridactyla71 iii41 #ij4 #c4--,! ,grey ,k+fi%]s 7,c]yle71 iii41 #ij2 ! ,grey ,k+fi%] 7,c4 rudis71 iii41 #ij4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,alcyons 7,,halcyones71 iii41 #ia4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tree ,alcyons 7,halcyon71 iii41 #ia2 ! ,r$-brea/$ ,tree ,alcyon 7,h4 rufiv5tris71 iii41 #ia4 #b4--,! ,wood ,alcyons 7,todirhamphus71 iii41 #ia2 ! ,yell[-head$ ,wood ,alcyon 7,t4 *lorocephalus71 iii41 #ic4 #c4--,! ,blue ,alcyons 7,cyanalcyon71 iii41 #id2 ! ,blue ,alcyon 7,c4 ,macleayii71 iii41 #id4 #d4--,! ,giant ,alcyons 7,p>alcyon1 or ,dacelo71 iii41 #id2 ! ,laugh+ ,jackass 7,p4 gigas1 or ,d4 gigantea71 iii41 #id4 #e4--,! ,p>adise ,alcyons 7,tanysipt]a71 iii41 #ie2 ! ,p>adise ,alcyon 7,t4 sylvia71 iii41 #ie4 #f4--,! ,saw-beak$ ,alcyons 7,syma71 iii41 #ie2 ! ,poditti 7,s4 flaviro/ris71 iii41 #if4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,jacam>s 7,,galbul71 iii41 #if4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,jacam>s 7,galbula71 iii41 #if2 ! ,gre5 ,jacam> 7,g4 viridis71 iii41 #if4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,buccos 7,,buccones71 iii41 #if4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,sleep]s 7,ny/alus71 iii41 #ig2 ! ,ts*akuru 7,n4 ,*ac>u71 iii41 #ig4 #b4--,! ,trappi/s 7,mona/a71 iii41 #ih2 ! ,dusky ,trappi/ 7,m4 fusca71 iii41 #ih4 #c4--,! ,dream]s 7,*elidopt]a71 iii41 #ih2 ! ,d>k ,dream]s 7,c4 t5ebrosa71 iii41 #ih4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,t\racos1 ,,or ,,trogons 7,,trogones71 iii41 #ii4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,fire ,t\racos 7,h>pates71 iii41 #ajj2 ! ,k>na1 or ,malab> ,trogon 7,h4 fasciatus71 iii41 #ajj4 #b4--,! ,fl[] ,t\racos 7,hapalod]ma71 iii41 #ajj2 ! ,n>9a 7,h4 n>9a71 iii41 #ajj4 #c4--,! ,trogons ,prop] 7,trogon71 iii41 #aja2 ! ,surukua1 or ,t\raco 7,t4 ,surukua71 iii41 #aja2 ! ,pompeo 7,t4 viridis71 iii41 #ajb4 #d4--,! ,tocoloros 7,prionotelus71 iii41 #ajb2 ! ,tocoloro 7,p4 temnurus71 iii41 #ajb4 #e4--,! ,beautiful-tail$ ,trogons 7,calurus71 iii41 #ajc2 ! ,peacock ,trogon 7,c4 pavon9us1 or ,trogon calurus71 iii41 #ajc2 ! ,beautiful ,trogon 7,c4 ,antisianus71 iii41 #ajc2 ! ,quesal1 or ,respl5d5t ,trogon 7,c4 respl5d5s or p>adiseus71 iii41 #ajc4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,honey ,,guides 7,,cuculid71 iii41 #aje4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,honey ,guides 7,indicator71 iii41 #aje2 ! ,:ite-beak$ ,honey ,guide 7,i4 albiro/ris71 iii41 #aje4 ,,family ,,xii4--,,! ,,cuckoos 7,,cuculi71 iii41 #ajf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cuckoos ,prop] 7,cuculus71 iii41 #ajf2 ! ,common ,cuckoo 7,c4 canorus71 iii41 #ajf4 #b4--,! ,jay ,cuckoos 7,coccy/es71 iii41 #aaj2 ! ,jay ,cuckoo 7,c4 gl&>ius71 iii41 #aaj4 #c4--,! ,koels 7,eudynamys71 iii41 #aaj2 ! ,koel 7,e4 ori5talis71 iii41 #aaa4 #d4--,! ,gold5 ,cuckoos 7,*rysococcyx71 iii41 #aaa2 ! ,didrik1 or ,gold5 ,cuckoo 7,c4 auratus71 iii41 #aab4 #e4--,! ,giant ,cuckoos 7,scy?rops71 iii41 #aac2 ! ,giant ,cuckoo1 or ,*annel ,bill 7,s4 ,nov-,holl&i71 iii41 #aac4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,bu% ,,cuckoos 7,,ph,,nicoph71 iii41 #aad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bu% ,cuckoos 7,zanclo/omus71 iii41 #ad2 ! ,kokil1 or ,l>ge ,gre5-bill$ ,malkoha 7,z4 tri/is71 iii41 #aad4 ,,family ,,xiv4--,,! ,,ra9 ,,cuckoos 7,,coccygi71 iii41 #aad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,ra9 ,cuckoos 7,coccygus71 iii41 #aae2 ! ,ra9 or ,yell[-bill$ ,cuckoo 7,c4 ,am]icanus71 iii41 #aae4 #b4--,! ,liz>d ,ra9 ,cuckoos 7,sauro!ra71 iii41 #aag2 ! ,ra9 ,bird 7,s4 vetula71 iii41 #aag4 #c4--,! ,long-tail$ ,cuckoos 7,pyrrhococcyx71 iii41 #aah2 ! ,long-tail$ ,cuckoo 7,p4 ,cayanus71 iii41 #aah4 ,,family ,,xv4--,,! ,,tick-,,eat]s 7,,crotophag71 iii41 #aah4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tick-eat]s 7,crotophag71 iii41 #aah2 ! ,coroya 7,c4 major71 iii41 #aai2 ! ,ani1 or ,savanna ,blackbird 7,c4 ani71 iii41 #aai2 ! ,wr9kl$-beak$ ,tick-eat] 7,c4 rugiro/ris71 iii41 #aba4 ,,family ,,xvi4--,,! ,,spurr$ ,,cuckoos 7,,c5tropodes71 iii41 #abb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,spurr$ ,cuckoos 7,c5tropus71 iii41 #abb2 ! ,egyptian ,c\cal 7,c4 gyptiacus71 iii41 #abb4 #b4--,! ,cr[ ,pheasants 7,c5trococcyx71 iii41 #abb2 ! ,h$ge ,cr[ 7,c4 viridis71 iii41 #abc4 #c4--,! ,pheasant ,c\cals 7,polophilus71 iii41 #abc2 ! ,pheasant ,c\cal 7,p4 phasianus71 iii41 #abc4 ,,family ,,xvii4--,,! ,,b>bets 7,,capitones71 iii41 #abd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ornam5t$ ,b>bets 7,tra*yphonus71 iii41 #abe2 ! ,pe>l ,bird 7,t4 m>g>itatus71 iii41 #abe4 #b4--,! ,gold5 ,b>bets 7,xan?olma71 iii41 #abf2 ! ,gold5 ,b>bet 7,x4 ,indica71 iii41 #abf4 #c4--,! ,t\can ,b>bets 7,tetragonops71 iii41 #abg2 ! ,t\can ,b>bet 7,t4 rhampha/9us71 iii41 #abg4 ,,family ,,xviii4--,,! ,,t\cans 7,,rampha/i71 iii41 #abg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,arass>is 7,pt]oglossus71 iii41 #abh2 ! ,arass>i 7,p4 arac>i71 iii41 #abi4 #b4--,! ,t\cans ,prop] 7,rampha/us71 iii41 #acj2 ! ,toco ,t\can 7,r4 toco71 iii41 #acj2 ! ,kirima1 or ,r$-beak$ ,t\can 7,r4 ery?rorhyn*us71 iii41 #aca2 ! ,tukana 7,r4 ,temm9ckii71 iii41 #acb4 ,,family ,,xix4--,,! ,,hornbills 7,,buc]otes71 iii41 #acb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,smoo?-beak$ ,hornbills 7,rhyn*ac]os71 iii41 #acd2 ! ,tok 7,r4 ery?rorhyn*us71 iii41 #acd4 #b4--,! ,two-horn$ ,hornbills 7,di*oc]os71 iii41 #ace2 ! ,homray 7,d4 bicornis71 iii41 #ace4 #c4--,! ,wr9kl$ ,hornbills 7,rhytic]os71 iii41 #acg2 ! ,djolan1 or ,ye> ,bird 7,r4 plicatus71 iii41 #acg4 #d4--,! ,horn$ ,rav5s 7,bucorax71 iii41 #ach2 ! ,abbagamba 7,b4 ,abyss9icus71 iii41 #ach4 ,,ord] ,,iv4 ,,gall9ace\s ,,birds 7,,gall974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,x4 ,,pigeons 7,,gyratores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,fruit ,,pigeons 7,,tr]ones71 iii41 #adb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,p>rot ,pigeons 7,phalacrot]on71 iii41 #adb2 ! ,p>rot ,pigeon 7,p4 ,abyss9ica71 iii41 #adb4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,doves 7,,columb71 iii41 #adc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,r+-doves 7,palumbus71 iii41 #adc2 ! ,r+-dove 7,p4 torquatus71 iii41 #adc4 #b4--,! ,doves ,prop] 7,columba71 iii41 #adf2 ! ,/ock ,dove 7,c4 nas71 iii41 #adf2 ! ,rock ,dove 7,c4 livia71 iii41 #adg4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,cuckoo ,,pigeons 7,,macropygi71 iii41 #adh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,pass5g] ,pigeons 7,ectopi/es71 iii41 #adh2 ! ,pass5g] ,pigeon 7,e4 migratorius71 iii41 #adh4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,turtle ,,doves 7,,turtures71 iii41 #aed4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,turtle ,doves ,prop] 7,turtur71 iii41 #aed2 ,! ,turtle ,dove 7,t4 auritus71 iii41 #aee4 #b4--,! ,indian ,r+-doves 7,/reptopeleia71 iii41 #aee2 ! ,indian ,r+-dove 7,s4 risoria71 iii41 #aee4 #c4--,! ,dw>f ,pigeons 7,*alcopeleia71 iii41 #aeg2 ! ,dw>f ,pigeon 7,c4 ,afra71 iii41 #aeg4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,am]ican ,,gr\nd ,,pigeons 7,,z5aid71 iii41 #aeh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,s++ ,doves 7,melopeleia71 iii41 #aeh2 ! ,kukuli 7,m4 meloda71 iii41 #aeh4 #b4--,! ,sp>r[ ,pigeons 7,pyrgitnas71 iii41 #aei2 ! ,sp>r[ ,pigeon 7,p4 pass]9a71 iii41 #aei4 #c4--,! ,sp>r[-hawk ,pigeons 7,geopeleia71 iii41 #afj2 ! ,/rip$ ,sp>r[-hawk ,pigeon 7,g4 /riata71 iii41 #afj4 #d4--,! ,w$ge-tail$ ,pigeons 7,/ictopeleia71 iii41 #afa2 ! ,w$ge-tail$ ,turtle ,dove 7,s4 cuneata71 iii41 #afa4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,runn+ ,,pigeons 7,,geotrygones71 iii41 #afb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,p>tridge ,doves 7,/>nnas71 iii41 #afb2 ! ,p>tridge ,dove 7,s4 cyanocephala71 iii41 #afb4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,bronze-,,w+$ ,,pigeons 7,,phapes71 iii41 #afc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cre/$ ,bronze-w+$ ,pigeons 7,ocyphaps71 iii41 #afc2 ! ,cre/$ ,bronze-w+ 7,o4 lophotes71 iii41 #afc4 #b4--,! ,true ,bronze-w+$ ,pigeons 7,phaps71 iii41 #afd2 ! ,common ,bronze-w+ 7,p4 *alcopt]a71 iii41 #afd4 #c4--,! ,quail ,pigeons 7,geophaps71 iii41 #aff2 ! ,p>tridge ,bronze-w+ 7,g4 scripta71 iii41 #aff4 #d4--,! ,:ite-fle%$ ,pigeons 7,leucos>cia71 iii41 #afg2 ! ,wonga-,wonga ,pigeon 7,l4 picata71 iii41 #afg4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,hackl$ ,,pigeons 7,,call,,nas71 iii41 #afg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hackl$ ,pigeons 7,callnas71 iii41 #afg2 ! ,hackl$ ,gr\nd ,pigeon 7,c4 ,nicob>ica71 iii41 #afg4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,cr[n$ ,,pigeons 7,,g\r71 iii41 #afh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cr[n$ ,pigeons 7,g\ra71 iii41 #afh2 ! ,cr[n$ ,pigeon 7,g4 coronata71 iii41 #afi2 ! ,victoria ,cr[n$ ,pigeon 7,g4 ,victori71 iii41 #agj4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,too!d ,,pigeons 7,,didunculus71 iii41 #agj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,too!d ,pigeons 7,didunculus71 iii41 #agj2 ! ,too!d ,pigeon 7,d4 /rigiro/ris71 iii41 #agj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,true ,,gall9ace\s ,,birds 7,,rasores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,s& ,,gr\se 7,,pt]ocl71 iii41 #agc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,s& ,gr\se 7,pt]ocles71 iii41 #agc2 ! ,ganga 7,p4 ar5>ius71 iii41 #agd2 ! ,l>ge ,p9-tail$ ,gr\se1 or ,khata 7,p4 al*ata71 iii41 #age2 ! ,common ,s& ,gr\se 7,p4 exu/us71 iii41 #agf2 ! ,/rip$ ,s& ,gr\se 7,p4 ,li*t5/e9ii71 iii41 #agh4 #b4--,pallas's ,s& ,gr\se 7,syrrhaptes71 iii41 #agh2 ,pallas's ,s& ,gr\se 7,s4 p>adoxus71 iii41 #agh4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,gr\se 7,,tetraones71 iii41 #agi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gr\se ,prop] 7,tetrao71 iii41 #agi2 ! ,cap]cali 7,t4 urogallus71 iii41 #aha4 #b4--,! ,hea? ,cocks 7,lyrurus71 iii41 #ahc2 ! ,black ,cock 7,l4 tetrix71 iii41 #ahe4 #c4--,! ,hazel ,gr\se 7,bonasia71 iii41 #aij2 ! ,hazel ,gr\se 7,b4 sylve/ris71 iii41 #aij4 #d4--,! ,p9nat$ ,gr\se 7,cupidonia71 iii41 #aia2 ! ,prairie ,h5 7,c4 ,am]icana71 iii41 #aia4 #e4--,! ,pt>migans 7,lagopus71 iii41 #aie2 ! ,will[ ,pt>migan 7,l4 albus71 iii41 #aif2 ! ,alp9e or ,grey ,pt>migan 7,l4 ,alp9us71 iii41 #aih2 ! ,r$ ,gr\se 7,l4 ,scoticus71 iii41 #bjj4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,p>tridges 7,,p]dices71 iii41 #bjb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,sn[ ,p>tridges 7,tetraogallus71 iii41 #bjc2 ! ,caspian ,sn[ ,p>tridge 7,t4 ,caspius71 iii41 #bjc2 ! ,himalayan ,sn[ ,cock 7,t4 ,himalay5sis71 iii41 #bjc4 #b4--,! ,r$-legg$ ,p>tridges 7,caccabis71 iii41 #bjf2 ! ,greek ,p>tridge 7,c4 ,grca or saxatilis71 iii41 #bjf2 ! ,*uckore 7,c4 ,*ukor71 iii41 #bjg2 ! ,r$-legg$ ,p>tridge 7,c4 rubra71 iii41 #bjh2 ! ,b>b>y ,p>tridge 7,c4 petrosa71 iii41 #bji4 #c4--,! ,true ,p>tridges 7,p]dix71 iii41 #baj2 ! ,common ,p>tridge 7,p4 c9]ea71 iii41 #baj4 #d4--,! ,francol9s 7,francol9us71 iii41 #bab2 ! ,black ,p>tridge 7,f4 vulg>is71 iii41 #bab4 #e4--,! ,b>e-neck$ ,pheasants 7,pt]ni/es71 iii41 #bac2 ! ,r$-neck$ ,pheasant 7,p4 rubricollis71 iii41 #bac4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,am]ican ,,p>tridges 7,,odontophori71 iii41 #bad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tree ,p>tridges 7,odontophorus71 iii41 #bad2 ! ,capueira4 7,o4 d5tatus71 iii41 #bad4 #b4--,! ,tree ,quails 7,ortyx71 iii41 #baf2 ! ,virg9ian ,p>tridge 7,o4 ,virg9ianus71 iii41 #baf4 #c4--,! ,tuft$ ,am]ican ,p>tridges 7,lophortyx71 iii41 #bai2 ! ,cali=nian ,p>tridge 7,l4 ,cali=nianus71 iii41 #bai2 ,gambel's ,p>tridge 7,l4 ,gambelii71 iii41 #bbj4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,quails 7,,coturnices71 iii4 #bbb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,quails 7,coturnix71 iii41 #bbb2 ! ,common ,quail 7,c4 communis71 iii41 #bbb4 #b4--,! ,dw>f ,quails 7,excalfactoria71 iii41 #bbd2 ! ,*9ese ,quail 7,e4 ,*95sis71 iii41 #bbd4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,bu% ,,quails 7,,turnices71 iii41 #bbe4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,bu% ,quails 7,turnix71 iii41 #bbe2 ! ,black-brea/$ ,bu% ,quail 7,t4 pugnax71 iii41 #bbf2 ! ,african ,bu% ,quail 7,t4 ,africanus71 iii41 #bbg4 #b4--,! ,pla9 ,w&]]s 7,p$ionomus71 iii41 #bbg2 ! ,coll>$ ,pla9 ,w&]] 7,p4 torquatus71 iii41 #bbg4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,tuft$ ,,pheasants 7,,phasianid71 iii41 #bbh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tuft$ ,pheasants 7,lophophorus71 iii41 #bbh2 ! ,monaul1 or ,impeyan ,pheasant 7,l4 respl5d5s71 iii41 #bbi2 ,lhuys' ,pheasant 7,l4 ,lhuysii71 iii41 #bcb4 #b4--,! ,horn$ ,pheasants1 or ,tragopans 7,c]iornis71 iii41 #bcb2 ! ,sikkim ,horn$ ,pheasant 7,c4 ,satyra71 iii41 #bcb2 ! ,jew>1 or ,we/]n ,horn$ ,pheasant 7,c4 melanocephala71 iii41 #bcc4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,jungle ,,f[ls 7,,galli71 iii41 #bce4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,jungle ,f[ls 7,gallus71 iii41 #bce2 ! ,kas9tu1 or ,r$ ,jungle ,f[l 7,g4 ,bankiva71 iii41 #bce2 ! ,ceylon ,jungle ,f[l 7,g4 ,/anleyii71 iii41 #bcf2 ! ,javanese ,jungle ,f[l 7,g4 furcatus71 iii41 #bcf2 ! ,sonn]at ,jungle ,f[l 7,g4 ,sonn]ati71 iii41 #bcg4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,pheasants 7,,phasiani71 iii41 #bcg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,mac>tney ,pheasants 7,euplocamus71 iii41 #bch2 ! ,siamese ,fireback 7,e4 prlatus71 iii41 #bch2 ! ,sikkim ,kaleege1 or ,black ,pheasant 7,e4 or ,gallophasis melanotus71 iii41 #bch2 ! ,kelits*1 or ,:ite-cre/$ ,kaleege ,pheasant 7,e4 or ,gallophasis albocri/atus71 iii41 #bci4 #b4--,! ,silv] ,pheasants 7,nyc!m]us71 iii41 #bdj2 ! ,silv] ,pheasant 7,n4 arg5tatus71 iii41 #bdj4 #c4--,! ,pheasants ,prop] 7,phasianus71 iii41 #bdb2 ! ,common ,pheasant 7,p4 col*icus71 iii41 #bdb2 ! ,*9ese ,r+-neck$ ,pheasant 7,p4 torquatus71 iii41 #bdc2 ! ,japanese ,pheasant 7,p4 v]sicolor71 iii41 #bdd2 ,smm]+'s ,pheasant 7,p4 ,smm]+ii71 iii41 #bde2 ,reeves's ,pheasant 7,p4 ,reevesii71 iii41 #bdf4 #d4--,! ,gold5 ,pheasants 7,?aumalea71 iii41 #bdg2 ! ,gold5 ,pheasant 7,t4 picta71 iii41 #bdg2 ,lady ,amh]/'s ,pheasant 7,t4 ,amh]/i71 iii41 #bdh4 #e4--,! ,e>$ ,pheasants 7,crossoptilon71 iii41 #bej2 ! ,*9ese ,e>$ ,pheasant 7,c4 auritum71 iii41 #bej4 #f4--,! ,argus ,pheasants 7,argus71 iii41 #bej2 ! ,argus ,pheasant 7,a4 giganteus71 iii41 #bej4 #g4--,! ,peacock ,pheasants 7,polyplectron71 iii41 #bea2 ! ,*9quis1 or ,assam ,peacock ,pheasant 7,p4 *9quis71 iii41 #bea4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,peacocks 7,,pavones71 iii41 #bec4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,peacocks 7,pavo71 iii41 #bec2 ! ,common ,peacock 7,p4 cri/atus71 iii41 #bed2 ! ,black-w+$ ,peacock 7,p4 nigrip5nis71 iii41 #bee2 ! ,japan ,peacock 7,p4 muticus71 iii41 #bee4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,gu9ea ,,f[ls 7,,numid71 iii41 #bef4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,royal ,gu9ea ,f[ls 7,acryllium71 iii41 #bef2 ! ,vultur9e ,royal ,gu9ea ,f[l 7,a4 vultur9um71 iii41 #bef4 #b4--,! ,tuft$ ,gu9ea ,f[ls 7,gutt]a71 iii41 #beg2 ,pu*]an's ,tuft$ ,gu9ea ,f[l 7,g4 ,pu*]anii71 iii41 #beg4 #c4--,! ,true ,gu9ea ,f[ls 7,numida71 iii41 #beh2 ! ,common ,gu9ea ,f[l 7,n4 meleagris71 iii41 #beh2 ! ,mitr$ ,p9tado 7,n4 mitrata71 iii41 #beh2 ! ,tuft-beak$ ,p9tado 7,n4 ptilorhyn*a71 iii41 #bei4 ,,family ,,xii4--,,! ,,turkeys 7,,meleagrides71 iii41 #bei4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,turkeys 7,meleagris71 iii41 #bei2 ! ,put]1 or ,wild ,turkey 7,m4 gallopavo71 iii41 #bei4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,au/ralian ,,jungle ,,f[l 7,,tallegalli71 iii41 #bfd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bru% ,turkeys 7,ca!turus71 iii41 #bff2 ! ,bru% ,turkey 7,c4 ,la?amii71 iii41 #bff4 #b4--,! ,maleos 7,megacephalon71 iii41 #bfh2 ! ,maleo 7,m4 ,maleo71 iii41 #bfh4 #c4--,! ,leipoas 7,leipoa71 iii41 #bgj2 ! ,ocellat$ ,leipoa 7,l4 ocellata71 iii41 #bgj4 ,,family ,,xiv4--,,! ,,megapodes 7,,megapodii71 iii41 #bgc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,megapodes 7,megapodius71 iii41 #bgc2 ! ,au/ralian ,megapode 7,m4 tumulus71 iii41 #bgc4 ,,family ,,xv4--,,! ,,curass[s 7,,cracid71 iii41 #bge4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,curass[s1 or ,hoccos 7,craces71 iii41 #bgf2 ! ,common or ,cre/$ ,curass[ 7,crax alector71 iii41 #bgf2 ! ,wattl$ ,curass[ 7,c4 c>unculata71 iii41 #bgh2 ! ,r$ ,curass[ 7,c4 rubra71 iii41 #bgh2 ! ,galeat$ ,curass[ 7,c4 pauxi71 iii41 #bgh4 #b4--,! ,m\nta9 ,curass[s 7,oreophasis71 iii41 #bgh2 ! ,m\nta9 ,curass[ 7,o4 ,d]byanus71 iii41 #bgh4 ,,family ,,xvi4--,,! ,,guans 7,,p5elop71 iii41 #bgi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,guans 7,p5elope71 iii41 #bgi2 ! ,sup]cili\s ,guan 7,p4 sup]cili>is71 iii41 #bhj2 ! ,pigmy1 or ,pip+ ,guan 7,p4 or ,pipile leucolophus71 iii41 #bhj2 ! ,aracuan 7,p4 or ,ortalida ,aracuan71 iii41 #bhj4 #b4--,! ,cre/$ ,guans 7,opi/hocomus71 iii41 #bha2 ! ,hoactz91 or ,/9k ,bird 7,o4 cri/atus71 iii41 #bha4 ,,family ,,xvii4--,,! ,,t9am\s 7,,crypturid71 iii41 #bhb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,t9am\s ,prop] 7,crypturus71 iii41 #bhb2 ! ,tataupa 7,c4 ,tataupa71 iii41 #bhc4 #b4--,! ,inambus 7,rhyn*otus71 iii41 #bhe2 ! ,inambu 7,r4 rufesc5s71 iii41 #bhe4 #c4--,! ,am]ican ,quails 7,no?ura71 iii41 #bhe2 ! ,less] ,am]ican ,quail 7,n4 nana71 iii41 #bhe4 #d4--,! ,macucas 7,tra*ypelmus71 iii41 #bhe2 ! ,macuca 7,t4 ,brasili5sis71 iii41 #bhe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xii4 ,,%ort-,,w+$ ,,cursorial ,,birds 7,,brevip5nes74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,o/ri*es 7,,/ru?iones71 iii41 #bhg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,o/ri*es 7,/ru?io71 iii41 #bhg2 ! ,african ,o/ri* 7,s4 ,camelus71 iii41 #bhg4 #b4--,! ,n&us 7,rhea71 iii41 #bia2 ! ,n&u1 or ,am]ican ,o/ri* 7,r4 ,am]icana71 iii41 #bia2 ! ,long-bill$ ,n&u 7,r4 macrorhyn*us71 iii41 #bii2 ! ,dw>f ,n&u 7,r4 ,d>w9ii71 iii41 #bii4 #c4--,! ,emus 7,dromu71 iii41 #cja2 ! ,emu 7,d4 ,nov3-,holl&i71 iii41 #cja2 ! ,spott$ ,emu 7,d4 irroratus71 iii41 #cja4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,cass[>ies 7,,casu>ii71 iii41 #cjb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cass[>ies 7,casu>ius71 iii41 #cjb2 ! ,helmet$ ,cass[>y 7,c4 galeatus71 iii41 #cjb2 ! ,mooruk 7,c4 ,b5nettii71 iii41 #cjb2 ! ,au/ralian ,cass[>y 7,c4 ,au/ralis71 iii41 #cjg4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,kivis 7,,apt]yges71 iii41 #cji4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,kivis 7,apt]yx71 iii41 #cji2 ! ,au/ralian ,apt]yx1 or ,kivi-,kivi 7,a4 ,au/ralis71 iii41 #cji2 ,mantell's ,apt]yx 7,a4 ,mantellii71 iii41 #caj2 ,ow5's ,apt]yx 7,a4 ,ow5ii71 iii41 #caa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,/ilt-,,walk]s 7,,grallatores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,bu/>ds 7,,otides71 iv41 #b4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,bu/>ds 7,otis7 iv41 #b2 ! ,great ,bu/>d 7,o4 t>da71 iv41 #b4 #b4--,! ,little ,bu/>ds 7,tetrax71 iv41 #e2 ! ,little ,bu/>d 7,t4 campe/ris71 iv41 #e4 #c4--,! ,h\b>as 7,hub>a71 iv41 #f2 ! ,indian ,h\b>a 7,h4 ,macqu5ii71 iv41 #f2 ! ,african ,ruffl$ ,bu/>d 7,h4 undulata71 iv41 #h4 #d4--,! ,florik9s 7,sypheotides71 iv41 #h2 ! ,b5gal ,florik9 7,s4 ,b5gal5sis71 iv41 #h4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,c\rs]s 7,,ta*ydromi71 iv41 #i4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,des]t ,c\rs]s 7,cursorius71 iv41 #aj2 ! ,cream-col\r$ ,c\rs] 7,c4 isabell9us71 iv41 #aj4 #b4--,! ,crocodile ,wat*]s 7,tro*ilus71 iv41 #aa2 ! ,egyptian ,crocodile ,wat*] 7,t4 gyptiacus71 iv41 #aa4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,prat9coles 7,,tra*eli71 iv41 #ab4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,prat9coles 7,gl>eola71 iv41 #ab2 ! ,coll>$ ,prat9cole 7,g4 prat9cola71 iv41 #ac4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,?ick-,,knees 7,,dicnemi71 iv41 #ad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,?ick-knees 7dicnemus71 iv41 #ad2 ! ,common ,?ick-knee 7,o4 crepitans71 iv41 #ad4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,plov]s 7,,*>adrii71 iv41 #ae4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gold5 ,plov]s 7,*>adrius71 iv41 #af2 ! ,gold5 ,plov] 7,c4 auratus71 iv41 #af2 ! ,r+$ ,plov] 7,c4 hiaticula71 iv41 #ah4 #b4--,! ,dott$ ,plov]s 7,eudromias71 iv41 #ah2 ! ,dott]el 7,e4 ,mor9ellus71 iv41 #ai4 #c4--,! ,%ore ,plov]s 7gialites71 iv41 #bj2 ! ,little ,%ore ,plov] 74 m9or71 iv41 #bj4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,lapw+s 7,,vanelli71 iv41 #ba4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,peewits 7,vanellus71 iv41 #ba2 ! ,peewit1 or ,lapw+ 7,v4 cri/atus71 iv41 #bb4 #b4--,! ,spur-w+$ ,lapw+s 7,hoplopt]us71 iv41 #bc2 ! ,spur-w+$ ,lapw+ 7,h4 sp9osus71 iv41 #bc4 #c4--,! ,lappet$ ,peewits 7,s>ciophorus71 iv41 #bd2 ! ,lappet$ ,peewit 7,s4 pileatus71 iv41 #bd4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,turn/ones 7,,/repsilates71 iv41 #bd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,turn/ones 7,/repsilas71 iv41 #bd2 ! ,turn/one 7,s4 int]pres71 iv41 #bd4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,oy/]-,,cat*]s 7,h,,matopi71 iv41 #bg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,oy/]-cat*]s 7,hmatopus71 iv41 #bg2 ! ,pi$ ,oy/]-cat*] 7,h4 o/ralegus71 iv41 #bg4 ,,family ,,ix4--,,! ,,snipes 7,,limicol71 iv41 #bi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,woodcocks 7,scolopax71 iv41 #cj2 ! ,woodcock 7,s4 ru/icola71 iv41 #cj4 #b4--,! ,m>% ,snipes 7,gall9ago71 iv41 #cc2 ! ,common ,snipe 7,g4 ,scolopac9us71 iv41 #cd4 #c4--,! ,moor ,snipes 7,philolimnos71 iv41 #ce2 ! ,jack ,snipe 7,p4 gall9ula71 iv41 #ce4 ,,family ,x4--,,! ,,s&pip]s 7,,tr+71 iv41 #ce4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,curlew ,s&pip]s 7,limicola71 iv41 #cf2 ! ,pigmy ,curlew ,s&pip] 7,l4 pygma71 iv41 #cf4 #b4--,! ,s&]l+s 7,calidris71 iv41 #cf2 ! ,s&]l+ 7,c4 ar5>ia71 iv41 #cf4 #c4--,! ,mud ,s&pip]s 7,pelidna71 iv41 #ch2 ! ,mud ,s&pip] 7,p4 sub>quata71 iv41 #ch4 #d4--,! ,dw>f ,s&pip]s 7,actodroma71 iv41 #ch2 ! ,dw>f ,s&pip] 7,a4 m9uta71 iv41 #ch4 #e4--,! ,ruffs 7,philoma*us71 iv41 #ci2 ! ,ruff 7,p4 pugnax71 iv41 #ci4 ,,family ,,xi4--,,! ,,phal>opes 7,,phal>opi71 iv41 #db4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hyp]borean ,phal>opes 7,lobipes71 iv41 #dc2 ! ,hyp]borean ,phal>ope 7,l4 hyp]boreus71 iv41 #dc4 #b4--,! ,phal>opes ,prop] 7,phal>opus71 iv41 #dc2 ! ,r$ ,phal>ope 7,p4 rufus71 iv41 #dc4 ,,family ,,xii4--,,! ,,long%anks 7,,totani71 iv41 #dd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,true ,s&pip]s 7,actitis71 iv41 #de2 ! ,common ,s&pip] 7,a4 hypoleucos71 iv41 #de4 #b4--,! ,gre5%anks 7,glottis71 iv41 #df2 ! ,gre5%ank 7,g4 *loropus71 iv41 #df4 #d4--,! ,godwits 7,limosa71 iv41 #dg2 ! ,r$ or ,b>-tail$ ,godwit 7,l4 rufa71 iv41 #dh4 #e4--,! ,/ilts 7,hypsibates71 iv41 #di2 ! ,black-w+$ ,/ilt 7,h4 himantopus71 iv41 #di4 ,,family ,,xiii4--,,! ,,avocets 7,,recurviro/r71 iv41 #ej4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,avocets 7,recurviro/ra71 iv41 #ej2 ! ,scoop+ ,avocet 7,r4 avocetta71 iv41 #ej4 ,,family ,,xiv4--,,! ,,curlews 7,num5ii71 iv41 #ea4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,curlews 7,num5ius71 iv41 #ea2 ! ,great ,curlew1 or ,:aap 7,n4 arquatus71 iv41 #ea4 ,,family ,,xv4--,,! ,,ibises 7,ibides71 iv41 #ed4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,falc9els 7,falc9ellus71 iv41 #ee2 ! ,glossy ,ibis 7,f4 igneus71 iv41 #ee4 #b4--,! ,sc>let ,ibises 7,ibis71 iv41 #ef2 ! ,sc>let ,ibis 7,i4 rubra71 iv41 #ef4 #c4--,! ,true ,ibises 7,?reskiornis71 iv41 #ef2 ! ,egyptian or ,sacr$ ,ibis 7,t4 religiosa71 iv1 #ef4 ,,family ,,xvi4--,,! ,,spoonbills 7,,platale71 iv41 #eh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,spoonbills 7,platalea71 iv41 #eh2 ! ,common ,spoonbill 7,p4 leucorodia71 iv41 #eh4 ,,family ,,xvii4--,,! ,,boat-,,bills 7,,cancromata71 iv41 #ei4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,:ale-head$ ,/orks 7,balniceps71 iv41 #ei2 ! ,:ale-head$ ,/ork1 or ,%oe-beak 7,b4 rex71 iv41 #ei4 #b4--,! ,boat-bills 7,cancroma71 iv41 #fb2 ! ,savaku1 or ,boat-bill 7,c4 co*le>ia71 iv41 #fb4 ,,family ,,xviii4--,,! ,,%ad[ ,,birds 7,,scopi71 iv41 #fb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,%ad[ ,birds 7,scopus71 iv41 #fb2 ! ,hamm]-head1 or ,%ad[-,bird 7,s4 umbretta71 iv41 #fb4 ,,family ,,xix4--,,! ,,/orks 7,,ciconi71 iv41 #fc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tantali 7,tantalus71 iv41 #fe2 ! ,ibis-l ,tantalus 7,t4 ibis71 iv41 #ff4 #b4--,! ,true ,/orks 7,ciconia71 iv41 #fg2 ! ,:ite or ,h\se ,/ork 7,c4 alba71 iv41 #fi4 #c4--,! ,simbils 7,sph5orhyn*us71 iv41 #gj2 ! ,simbil 7,s4 ,abdimii71 iv41 #gj4 #d4--,! ,giant ,/orks 7,myct]ia71 iv41 #ga2 ! ,s5egal ,jabiru 7,m4 ,s5egal5sis71 iv41 #ga2 ! ,jabiru 7,m4 ,au/ralis71 iv41 #ga4 #e4--,! ,adjutants1 ,argalas1 or ,m>ab\s 7,leptoptilos71 iv41 #gd2 ! ,african ,m>ab\ 7,l4 crum5if]71 iv41 #gd2 ! ,indian ,adjutant1 or ,argala 7,l4 argala71 iv41 #gd4 #f4--,! ,clapp]-bill$ ,/orks 7,ana/omus71 iv41 #ge2 ! ,african ,clapp] ,bill 7,a4 lamellig]us71 iv41 #ge4 ,,family ,,xx4--,,! ,,h]ons 7,,arde71 iv41 #gf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,h]ons ,prop] 7,ardea71 iv41 #gh2 ! ,common ,h]on 7,a4 c9]ea71 iv41 #gh2 ! ,giant ,h]on 7,a4 ,golia?71 iv41 #hj4 #b4--,! ,:ite ,h]ons 7,h]odias71 iv41 #ha2 ! ,great ,:ite ,h]on 7,h4 alba71 iv41 #ha2 ! ,less] ,egret 7,h4 g>zetta71 iv41 #hb4 #c4--,! ,cattle ,h]ons 7,bubulcus71 iv41 #hb2 ! ,cattle ,h]on 7,b4 ibis71 iv41 #hb4 #d4--,! ,night ,h]ons 7,nycticorax71 iv41 #hb2 ! ,night ,h]on 7,n4 ,europu71 iv41 #hb4 #e4--,! ,dw>f ,bitt]ns 7,ardetta71 iv41 #hc2 ! ,little ,bitt]n 7,a4 m9uta71 iv41 #hc4 #f4--,! ,bitt]ns 7,botaurus71 iv41 #he2 ! ,common ,bitt]n 7,b4 /ell>is71 iv41 #he4 ,,family ,,xxi4--,,! ,,sun ,,bitt]ns 7,,eurypyg71 iv41 #hf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,sun ,bitt]ns 7,eurypyga71 iv41 #hf2 ! ,sun ,bitt]n 7,e4 helias71 iv41 #hf4 ,,family ,,xxii4--,,! ,,cranes 7,,grues71 iv41 #hg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cranes ,prop] 7,grus71 iv41 #hi2 ! ,common ,crane 7,g4 c9]ea71 iv41 #hi4 #b4--,! ,demoiselle ,cranes 7,an?ropoides71 iv41 #ij2 ! ,demoiselle ,crane 7,a4 virgo71 iv41 #ij4 ,,family ,,xxiii4--,,! ,,african ,,cr[n$ ,,cranes 7,,bale>ic71 iv41 #ij4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,african ,cr[n$ ,cranes 7,bale>ica71 iv41 #ij2 ! ,cr[n$ ,african ,crane 7,b4 pavon9a71 iv41 #ij4 ,,family ,,xxiv4--,,! ,,field ,,/orks 7,,arvicol71 iv41 #ia4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,snake ,cranes 7,di*olophus71 iv41 #ia2 ! ,brazilian ,c>iama 7,d4 cri/atus71 iv41 #ia4 #b4--,! ,trumpet]s 7,psophia71 iv41 #id2 ! ,agami 7,p4 crepitans71 iv41 #id4 ,,family ,,xxv4--,,! ,,scream]s 7,,palam$e71 iv41 #ie4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,horn$ ,scream]s 7,palam$ea71 iv41 #if2 ! ,aniuma 7,p4 cornuta71 iv41 #if4 #b4--,! ,ts*ajas 7,*auna71 iv41 #ig2 ! ,*auna1 or ,ts*aja 7,c4 ,*av>ia71 iv41 #ig4 ,,family ,,xxvi4--,,! ,,rails 7,,ralli71 iv41 #ih4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,snipe ,rails 7,rhyn*a71 iv41 #ih2 ! ,gold5 ,rail 7,r4 ,cap5sis71 iv41 #ii4 #b4--,! ,wat] ,rails 7,rallus71 iv41 #ii2 ! ,wat] ,rail 7,r4 aquaticus71 iv41 #ii4 #c4--,! ,aramides 7,aramides71 iv41 #ajj2 ! ,s]rakura 7,a4 gigas71 iv41 #aja4 #d4--,! ,l& ,rails 7,crex71 iv41 #aja2 ! ,l& ,rail1 or ,corn ,crake 7,c4 prat5sis71 iv41 #aja4 ,,family ,,xxvii4--,,! ,,jacanas 7,,p>r71 iv41 #ajb4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,jacanas ,prop] 7,p>ra71 iv41 #ajb2 ! ,*ilian ,jacana 7,p4 ,jacana71 iv41 #ajb4 #b4--,! ,wat] ,pheasants 7,hydrophasianus71 iv41 #ajc2 ! ,*9ese ,jacana1 or ,wat] ,pheasant 7,h4 ,s95sis71 iv41 #ajc4 ,,family ,,xxviii4--,,! ,,gall9ules 7,,gall9ul71 iv41 #ajc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gall9ules 7,porphyrio71 iv41 #aje2 ! ,hyac9?9e ,porphyrio 7,p4 hyac9?9us71 iv41 #aje2 ! ,purple ,gall9ule 7,p4 *loronotus71 iv41 #ajf4 #b4--,! ,wat] ,h5s 7,/agnicola71 iv41 #ajf2 ! ,common ,moor-h5 7,s4 *loropus71 iv41 #ajg4 #c4--,! ,coots 7,fulica71 iv41 #aaj2 ! ,common ,coot 7,f4 atra71 iv41 #aaa4 ,,family ,,xxix4--,,! ,,f9foots 7,,podo71 iv41 #aab4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,f9foots 7,heliornis71 iv41 #aab2 ! ,sur9am ,f9foot1 or ,picap>e 7,h4 ,sur9am5sis71 iv41 #aab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,v4 ,,! ,,swimm]s 7,,natatores74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,sieve-,,beaks 7,,lamelliro/res74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,flam+oes 7,,ph,,nicopt]i71 iv41 #aae4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,flam+oes 7,phnicopt]us71 iv41 #aae2 ! ,flam+o 7,p4 roseus71 iv41 #aae4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,swans 7,,cygni71 iv41 #aai4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,mute ,swan 7,cygnus olor71 iv41 #aba4 #b4--,! ,:i/l+ ,swan 7,c4 musicus71 iv41 #abc4 #c4--;,bewick's ,swan 7,c4 ,bewickii71 iv41 #abf4 #d4--,! ,black-neck$ ,swan 7,c4 nigricollis71 iv41 #abf4 #e4--,! ,black ,swan 7,c4 atratus71 iv41 #abg4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,geese 7,,ans]es71 iv41 #abi4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,spur-w+$ ,geese 7,plectropt]us71 iv41 #aca2 ! ,spur-w+$ ,goose 7,p4 ,gamb5sis71 iv41 #aca4 #b4--,! ,wild ,geese 7,ans]71 iv41 #aca2 ! ,grey or ,wild ,goose 7,a4 c9]eus71 iv41 #aca4 #c4--,! ,swan ,geese 7,cygnopsis71 iv41 #aca2 ! ,canada ,goose 7,c4 ,canad5sis71 iv41 #aca4 #d4--,! ,sn[ ,geese 7,ans] or ,*571 iv41 #ace2 ! ,sn[ ,goose 7,a4 or ,c4 hyp]boreus741 iv41 #ace4 #e4--,! ,sea ,geese 7,b]nicla71 iv41 #ace2 ! ,br5t ,goose 7,b4 torquata71 iv41 #acf4 #f4--,! ,foxy ,geese 7,*5alopex71 iv41 #acg2 ! ,nile ,goose 7,c4 gyptiacus71 iv41 #ach4 #g4--,! ,dw>f ,geese 7,nettapus71 iv41 #aci2 ! ,:ite-bodi$ ,goose ,teal 7,n4 ,corom&elianus71 iv41 #adj4 #h4--,! ,c]eopsis ,geese 7,c]eopsis71 iv41 #adb2 ! ,c]eopsis ,goose 7,c4 ,nov-,holl&i71 iv41 #adb4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,ducks 7,,anates71 iv41 #adc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ruddy ,ducks 7,cas>ca71 iv41 #ade2 ! ,ruddy ,%eldrake1 or ,brahm9y ,duck 7,c4 rutila71 iv41 #ade4 #b4--,! ,%eldrakes 7,vulpans]71 iv41 #adf2 ! ,common ,%eldrake 7,v4 tadorna71 iv41 #adf4 #c4--,! ,tree ,ducks 7,d5drocygna71 iv41 #adh2 ! ,wid[ ,duck 7,d4 viduata71 iv41 #adh4 #d4--,! ,wild ,ducks 7,anas71 iv41 #aej2 ! ,wild ,duck 7,a4 bos*as71 iv41 #aej4 #e4--,! ,wood or ,summ] ,ducks 7,aix71 iv41 #aed2 ! ,wood or ,summ] ,duck 7,a4 sponsa71 iv41 #aed2 ! ,*9ese ,teal1 or ,m&>9 ,duck 7,a4 gal]iculata71 iv41 #aee4 #f4--,! ,%ovel] ,ducks 7,spatula71 iv41 #aef2 ! ,%ovel] ,duck 7,s4 clypeata71 iv41 #aef4 #g4--,! ,musk ,ducks 7,cair9a71 iv41 #aeg2 ! ,musk ,duck 7,c4 mos*ata71 iv42 #aeg4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,div+ ,,ducks 7,,fuligul71 iv41 #aeh4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,eid] ,ducks 7,somat]ia71 iv41 #aei2 ! ,eid] ,duck 7,s4 mollissima71 iv41 #afc2 ! ,k+ ,eid] 7,s4 spectabilis71 iv41 #afe2 ! ,we/]n or ,/ell]'s ,eid] ,duck 7,s4 or ,h5iconetta ,/ell]i71 iv41 #aff4 #b4--,! ,scot]s 7,oidemia71 iv41 #aff2 ! ,velvet ,scot] 7,o4 fusca71 iv41 #aff4 #c4--,! ,f5 ,ducks 7,ay?ya71 iv41 #afg2 ! ,r$-head$ ,duck1 or ,po*>d 7,a4 f]9a71 iv41 #afc4 #d4--,! ,p9-tail$ ,ducks 7,erismatura71 iv41 #afi2 ! ,:ite-head$ ,p9-tail$ ,duck 7,e4 leucocephala71 iv41 #afi4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,goos&]s 7,,m]gi71 iv41 #agj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,dw>f ,m]gans]s 7,m]gellus71 iv41 #agj2 ! ,:ite-head$ ,m]gans] 7,m4 albellus71 iv41 #agj4 #b4--,! ,true ,goos&]s 7,m]gus71 iv41 #agb2 ! ,gre5-head$ ,goos&] 7,m4 m]gans]71 iv41 #agb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,sea-,,fli]s 7,,longip5nes74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,t]ns 7,,/]n71 iv41 #agf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,rapaci\s ,t]ns 7,sylo*elidon71 iv41 #agg2 ! ,caspian ,t]n 7,s4 ,caspia71 iv41 #agh4 #b4--,! ,riv] ,t]ns 7,/]na71 iv41 #agh2 ! ,common ,t]n 7,s4 hirundo71 iv41 #agi4 #c4--,! ,dw>f ,t]ns 7,/]nula71 iv41 #aha2 ! ,less] ,t]n 7,s4 m9uta71 iv41 #aha4 #d4--,! ,wat] ,swall[s 7,hydro*elidon71 iv41 #aha2 ! ,black ,m>% ,t]n 7,h4 nigra71 iv41 #ahb2 ! ,:ite-w+$ ,t]n 7,h4 leucopt]a71 iv41 #ahc2 ! ,:ite-be>d$ ,t]n 7,h4 leucopt]a71 iv41 #ahc4 #e4--,! ,fairy ,t]ns 7,gygis71 iv41 #ahc2 ! ,:ite or ,silky ,t]n 7,g4 c&ida71 iv41 #ahc4 #f4--,! ,noddies 7,an\s71 iv41 #ahd2 ! ,noddy 7,a4 /olidus71 iv41 #ahd4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,scissor ,,bills 7,,rhyn*opes71 iv41 #ahe4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,scissor ,bills 7,rhyn*ops71 iv41 #ahe2 ! ,indian ,scissor ,bill 7,r4 ori5talis71 iv41 #ahe4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,gulls 7,,l>i71 iv41 #ahf4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,fi%+ ,gulls 7,l>us71 iv41 #ahg2 ! ,great ,black-head$ ,gull 7,l4 m>9us71 iv41 #ahh2 ! ,less] ,black-back$ ,gull 7,l4 fuscus71 iv41 #aij4 #b4--,! ,ice ,gulls 7,pagophila71 iv41 #aic2 ! ,ivory ,gull 7,p4 eburnea71 iv41 #aic4 #c4--,! ,kittiwakes 7,rissa71 iv41 #aid2 ! ,kittiwake 7,r4 tridactyla71 iv41 #aid4 #d4--,! ,black-head$ ,gulls 7,*roicocephalus71 iv41 #aie2 ! ,laugh+ ,gull 7,c4 ridibundus71 iv41 #aie2 ! ,great ,black-head$ ,gull 7,c4 i*?yatus71 iv41 #aig2 ! ,less] ,black-head$ ,gull 7,c4 melanocephalus71 iv41 #aih2 ! ,little ,gull 7,c4 m9uta71 iv41 #aih4 #e4--,! ,rosy ,gulls 7,rhodo/e?ia71 iv41 #bjc2 ,ross's ,rosy ,gull 7,r4 ,rossii71 iv41 #bjc4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,skuas 7,,le/res71 iv41 #aih4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,skuas 7,le/ris71 iv41 #aih2 ! ,common ,skua 7,l4 cat>ractes71 iv41 #aii24 ,buffon's or ! ,p>asite ,skua 7,l4 p>asiticus71 iv41 #bjb4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,albatrosses 7,,diom$e71 iv41 #bjc4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,albatrosses 7,diom$ea71 iv41 #bjc2 ! ,w&]+ ,albatross 7,d4 exulans71 iv41 #bje2 ! ,yell[-bill$ ,albatross 7,d4 *lororhyn*us71 iv41 #bjf2 ! ,sooty ,albatross 7,d4 fulig9osa71 iv41 #bjg4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,petrels 7,,procell>i71 iv41 #bjg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,giant ,petrels 7,procell>ia71 iv41 #bjh2 ! ,giant ,petrel 7,p4 gigantea71 iv41 #bjh2 ! ,fulm> ,petrel 7,p4 glacialis71 iv41 #bji2 ! ,cape ,petrel 7,p4 ,cap5sis71 iv41 #bag4 #b4--,! ,duck ,petrels 7,prion71 iv41 #bac2 ! ,duck ,petrel 7,p4 vittatus71 iv41 #bac4 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,/orm ,,petrels 7,,oceanides71 iv41 #bad4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,/orm ,swall[s 7,?alassidroma71 iv41 #bae2 ! ,common ,/orm ,petrel 7,t4 pelagica71 iv41 #bae4 #b4--,! ,/orm ,swifts 7,oceanodroma71 iv41 #bag2 ,lea*'s ,/orm ,petrel 7,o4 ,lea*ii71 iv41 #bag4 ,,family ,,viii4--,,! ,,puff9s 7,,puff9i71 iv41 #bag4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,puff9s 7,puff9us71 iv41 #bag2 ! ,manx ,puff91 or ,%e>wat] 7,p4 ,anglorum71 iv41 #bah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xvi4 ,,o>-,,foot$ ,,sea-,,fli]s 7,,/eganopodes74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,tropic ,,birds 7,,piscatrices71 iv41 #bai4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tropic ,birds ,prop] 7,phaton71 iv41 #bai2 ! ,:ite-tail$ ,tropic ,bird 7,p4 !reus71 iv41 #bbj2 ! ,r$-tail$ ,tropic ,bird 7,p4 phnicurus71 iv41 #bbj4 #b4--,! ,gannets 7,sula71 iv41 #bba2 ! ,common ,gannet 7,s4 alba71 iv41 #bbc4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,frigate ,,birds 7,,ta*ypetes71 iv41 #bbd4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,frigate ,birds 7,ta*ypetes71 iv41 #bbd2 ! ,frigate ,bird 7,t4 aquila71 iv41 #bbd4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,cormorants 7,,haliei71 iv41 #bbg4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,d>t]s1 or ,snake ,necks 7,plotus71 iv41 #bbh2 ! ,anh+a 7,p4 anh+a71 iv41 #bbh2 ,le ,vaillant's ,snake ,bird 7,p4 ,levaillantii71 iv41 #bcj4 #b4--,! ,cormorants ,prop] 7,phalacrocorax71 iv41 #bcj2 ! ,cormorant 7,p4 c>bo71 iv41 #bcd4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,pelicans 7,,pelecani71 iv41 #bce4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,pelicans 7,pelecanus71 iv41 #bce2 ! ,:ite ,pelican 7,p4 onocrotalus71 iv41 #bcg2 ! ,great ,tuft$ or ,dalmatian ,pelican 7,p4 crispus71 iv41 #bci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,xvii4 ,,div]s 7,,ur9atores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,grebes 7,,podicipites71 iv41 #bdj4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cre/$ ,grebes 7,podiceps71 iv41 #bdj2 ! ,cre/$ ,grebe 7,p4 cri/atus71 iv41 #bdb4 #b4--,! ,dw>f ,grebes 7,podiceps m9or71 iv41 #bdd2 ! ,little ,grebe 7,p4 m9or71 iv41 #bdd4 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,sea ,,div]s 7,,colymbi71 iv41 #bde4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,great ,nor!rn ,div] 7,colymbus glacialis71 iv41 #bdg2 ! ,black-?roat$ ,div] 7,c4 arcticus71 iv41 #bdh2 ! ,r$-?roat$ ,div] 7,c4 sept5trionalis71 iv41 #bdi4 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,loons 7,,uri71 iv41 #bej1 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,black ,guillemots 7,cephus71 iv41 #bej2 ! ,black ,guillemot 7,c4 grylle71 iv41 #bej4 #b4--,! ,true ,guillemots 7,uria71 iv41 #bea2 ! ,common or ,fooli% ,guillemot 7,u4 troile71 iv41 #bec4 #c4--,! ,little ,auks 7,m]gulus1 or ,arctica71 iv41 #bed2 ! ,little ,auk 7,m4 or ,a4 ,alle71 iv41 #bed4 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,/>ikis 7,,phal]es71 iv41 #bee4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,cre/$ ,div]s 7,phal]is71 iv41 #bee2 ! ,/>iki 7,p4 cri/atella71 iv41 #bee4 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,auks 7,,alc71 iv41 #bee4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,auks 7,alca71 iv41 #bef2 ! ,razor-bill 7,a4 torda71 iv41 #bef4 #b4--,! ,great ,auks 7,p+u9us1 or ,plautus71 iv41 #beh2 ! ,great ,auk 7,p4 imp5nis71 iv41 #beh4 #c4--,! ,c\lt]nebs 7,mormon71 iv41 #bfb2 ! ,c\lt]neb1 or ,arctic ,puff9 7,m4 frat]cula71 iv41 #bfb4 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,p5gu9s 7,,apt5odyt71 iv41 #bfe4 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,k+ ,p5gu9s 7,apt5odytes71 iv41 #bfe2 ! ,k+ ,p5gu9 7,a4 ,patagonica71 iv41 #bff4 #b4--,! ,true ,p5gu9s 7,sph5iscus71 iv41 #bfg2 ! ,spectacl$ or ,cape ,p5gu9 7,s4 dem]sus71 iv41 #bfg4 #c4--,! ,leap+ ,p5gu9s 7,eudypetes71 iv41 #bfh2 ! ,gold5 or ,cre/$ ,p5gu9 7,e4 cat>ractes71 iv41 #bfh4 ,illu/ration ,,classification ,,( ,,birds ,,z ,,adopt$ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,i4 ,,birds ,,( ,,prey 7,,accipitres74 ,,l9n,,u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,i4 ,,diurnal ,,birds ,,( ,,prey 7,,accipitres ,,diurni74 ,,family ,i4--,,vultures 7,,vulturid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,be>d$ ,vultures 7,gypaet974 #b4--,! ,condors 7,s>corhamph974 #c4--,! ,vultures ,prop] 7,vultur974 #d4--,! ,eagle ,vultures 7,gypohi]ac974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,falcons 7,,falconid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,c>ac>as 7,polybor974 #b4--,! ,buzz>ds 7,buteon974 #c4--,! ,eagles 7,aquil974 #d4--,! ,falcons ,prop] 7,falcon974 #e4--,! ,kites 7,milv974 #f4--,! ,sp>r[ ,hawks 7,accipitr974 #g4--,! ,h>ri]s 7,circ974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,ii4 ,,nocturnal ,,birds ,,( ,,prey 7,,accipitres ,,nocturni74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,owls 7,,/rigid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hawk ,owls 7,surn974 #b4--,! ,horn$ ,owls 7,bubon974 #c4--,! ,owlets 7,syrn974 #d4--,! ,owls ,prop] 7,/rig974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,,ii4 ,,pass]es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tribe ,i4 ,,gap]s 7,,fissiro/res74 ,,sub-,,tribe ,i4--,,nocturnal ,,fissiro/res 7,,fissiro/res ,,nocturni74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,goatsuck]s 7,,caprimulgid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,oil ,birds 7,/eatorn974 #b4--,! ,goatsuck]s ,prop] 7,caprimulg974 #c4--,! ,podag]s 7,podag]97 ,,sub-,,tribe ,,ii4--,,diurnal ,,fissiro/res 7,,fissiro/res ,,diurni74 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,swall[s 7,,hirund9id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,swifts 7,cypsel974 #b4--,! ,swall[s ,prop] 7,hirund9974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,roll]s 7,,coraciad74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,roll]s 7,coracian74 #b4--,! ,todies 7,tod974 #c4--,! ,broad-?roats 7,eurylaim974 #d4--,! ,mot-mots 7,momot974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,trogons 7,,trogonid74 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,k+fi%]s 7,,alc$9id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,buccos 7,buccon974 #b4--,! ,halcyons 7,halcyon974 #c4--,! ,k+fi%]s 7,alc$9974 #d4--,! ,jacam>s 7,galbul974 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,bee ,,eat]s 7,,m]opid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,bee ,eat]s 7,m]op974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tribe ,,ii4 ,,sl5d]-,,bills 7,,t5uiro/res74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,hoopoes 7,,upupid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,hoopoes ,prop] 7,upup974 #b4--,! ,plum$ ,birds 7,epima*974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,sun ,,birds 7,,prom]opid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,sun ,birds ,prop] 7,prom]op974 #b4--,! ,guit-,guits 7,creb974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,humm+ ,,birds 7,,tro*ilid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,w$ge-tail$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,gryp974 #b4--,! ,curv$-bill$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,tro*il974 #c4--,! ,/raight-bill$ ,humm+ ,birds 7,mellisug974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,honey-,,eat]s 7,,meliphagid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,honey-creep]s 7,mezomel974 #b4--,! ,honey-eat]s ,prop] 7,meliphag974 #c4--,! ,honey-fe$]s 7,meli?rept974 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,creep]s 7,,c]?id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ov5 ,birds 7,furn>974 #b4--,! ,%>p-tails 7,synallax974 #c4--,! ,tree-creep]s 7,d5drocolapt974 #d4--,! ,creep]s ,prop] 7,c]?974 #e4--,! ,nut-hat*es 7,sitt974 #f4--,! ,moh\as 7,or?onyc974 #g4--,! ,wr5s 7,m5ur974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tribe ,,iii4 ,,! ,,too!d-,,bills 7,,d5tiro/res74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,w>bl]s 7,,lusc9id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,s(t-tail$ ,w>bl]s 7,malur974 #b4--,! ,w>bl]s ,prop] 7,lusc9974 #c4--,! ,rob9s 7,ery?ac974 #d4--,! ,acc5tors 7,acc5tor974 #e4--,! ,titmice 7,p>974 #f4--,! ,bu%-creep]s 7,mniotilt974 #g4--,! ,wagtails 7,motacill974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,?ru%es 7,,turdid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,ant-?ru%es 7,=mic>974 #b4--,! ,?ru%es ,prop] 7,turd974 #c4--,! ,babbl]s 7,timal974 #d4--,! ,orioles 7,oriol974 #e4--,! ,bulbuls 7,pycnonot974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,fly-,,cat*]s 7,,muscicapid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,m\rn]s 7,qu]ul974 #b4--,! ,alectrures 7,alectrur974 #c4--,! ,tyrants 7,tyrann974 #d4--,! ,bec>ds 7,tityr974 #e4--,! ,fly-cat*]s ,prop] 7,muscicap974 #f4--,! ,gre5lets 7,vireon974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,*att]]s 7,,ampelid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,?ick-heads 7,pa*ycephal974 #b4--,! ,manak9s 7,pipr974 #c4--,! ,*att]]s ,prop] 7,ampel974 #d4--,! ,cuckoo ,%rikes 7,campephag974 #e4--,! ,drongo ,%rikes 7,dicrur974 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,but*] ,,birds 7,,laniid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,but*] ,birds ,prop] 7,lani974 #b4--,! ,bu% ,%rikes 7,?amnophil974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tribe ,,iv4 ,,! ,,conical ,,bills 7,,coniro/res74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,cr[s 7,,corvid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,pip+ ,cr[s 7,phonegam974 #b4--,! ,jays 7,g>rul974 #c4--,! ,tree ,cr[s 7,calleat974 #d4--,! ,cr[s ,prop] 7,corv974 #e4--,! ,fruit ,cr[s 7,gymnod]974 #f4--,! ,*\ghs 7,pyrrhocorac974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,birds ,,( ,,p>adise 7,,p>adiseid74 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,/>l+s 7,,/urnid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,glossy ,/>l+s 7,ptilorhyn*974 #b4--,! ,grakles 7,gracul974 #c4--,! ,ox-peck]s 7,buphag974 #d4--,! ,/>l+s ,prop] 7,/urn974 #e4--,! ,boat-tails 7,quiscal974 #f4--,! ,hang-ne/s 7,ict]974 #g4--,! ,troop-birds 7,agela974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,f9*es 7,,fr+illid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,weav]s 7,plocei74 #b4--,! ,hawf9*es 7,cocco?rau/974 #c4--,! ,tanag]s 7,tanagr974 #d4--,! ,f9*es ,prop] 7,fr+ill974 #e4--,! ,bunt+s 7,emb]iz974 #f4--,! ,l>ks 7,alaud974 #g4--,! ,bullf9*es 7,pyrrhul974 #h4--,! ,cross-bills 7,loxian74 #i4--,! ,plant ,cutt]s 7,phytotom974 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,colies 7,,colid74 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,planta9 ,,eat]s 7,,musophagid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,planta9 ,eat]s ,prop] 7,musophag974 #b4--,! ,hoactz9s 7,opi/hocom974 ,,family ,,vii4--,,! ,,hornbills 7,,buc]otid74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,climb]s 7,,scansores74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,t\cans 7,,rampha/id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,t\cans 7,rampha/974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,p>rots 7,,psittacid74 ,sub-,family ,i4--,! ,gr\nd ,p>rots 7,pezopor974 #b4--,! ,macaws 7,ara974 #c4--,! ,lories 7,lor974 #d4--,! ,p>rots ,prop] 7,psittac974 #e4--,! ,cockatoos 7,cacatu974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,woodpeck]s 7,,picid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,b>bets 7,capiton974 #b4--,! ,s(t-tail$ ,woodpeck]s 7,picumn974 #c4--,! ,woodpeck]s ,prop] 7,pic974 #d4--,! ,gre5 ,woodpeck]s 7,gec9974 #e4--,! ,black ,woodpeck]s 7,melan]p974 #f4--,! ,cuckoo ,woodpeck]s 7,colapt974 #g4--,! ,wrynecks 7,yunc974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,cuckoos 7,,cuculid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,honey ,guides 7,indicator974 #b4--,! ,ra9 ,cuckoos 7,sauro!r974 #c4--,! ,gr\nd ,cuckoos 7,coccyz974 #d4--,! ,tick ,eat]s 7,crotophag974 #e4--,! ,cuckoos ,prop] 7,cucul974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,,iv4 ,,pigeons 7,,columb74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,pigeons 7,,columbid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,fruit ,pigeons 7,tr]on974 #b4--,! ,doves 7,columb974 #c4--,! ,cr[n$ ,pigeons 7,g\r974 #d4--,! ,too!d ,pigeons 7,diduncul974 #e4--,! ,dodos 7,did974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,v4 ,,gall9ace\s ,,birds 7,,gall974 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,curass[s 7,,cracid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,guans 7,p5elop974 #b4--,! ,curass[s ,prop] 7,crac974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,megapodes 7,,megapodid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tallegallas 7,tallegall974 #b4--,! ,m\nd ,birds 7,megapod974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,pheasants 7,,phasianid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,peacocks 7,pavon974 #b4--,! ,pheasants ,prop] 7,phasian974 #c4--,! ,jungle ,f[ls 7,gall974 #d4--,! ,turkeys 7,meleagr974 #e4--,! ,tuft$ ,pheasants 7,lophophor974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,gr\se 7,,tetraonid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,p>tridges 7,p]dic974 #b4--,! ,quails 7,turnic974 #c4--,! ,am]ican ,p>tridges 7,odontophor974 #d4--,! ,gr\se ,prop] 7,tetraon974 #e4--,! ,s& ,gr\se 7,pt]ocl974 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,%ea?bills 7,,*ionid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,%ore ,l>ks 7,?9ocor974 #b4--,! ,%ea?bills ,prop] 7,*ionid974 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,t9am\s 7,,t9amid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,t9am\s 7,t9am974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,,vi4 ,,o/ri*es 7,,/ru?iones74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,o/ri*es 7,,/ru?ionid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,o/ri*es ,prop] 7,/ru?ion974 #b4--,! ,kivis 7,apt]yg974 #c4--,! ,bu/>ds 7,otid974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,,vii4 ,,/ilt-,,walk]s 7,,grall74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,plov]s 7,,*>adriad74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,?ick-knees 7dicnem974 #b4--,! ,c\rs]s 7,cursor974 #c4--,! ,prat9coles 7,gl>eoli74 #d4--,! ,plov]s ,prop] 7,*>adr974 #e4--,! ,oy/] ,cat*]s 7,hmatopod974 #f4--,! ,turn/ones 7,c9cl974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,h]ons 7,,ardeid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,trumpet]s 7,psoph974 #b4--,! ,cranes 7,gru974 #c4--,! ,h]ons ,prop] 7,arde974 #d4--,! ,/orks 7,cicon974 #e4--,! ,ibises 7,tantal974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,woodcocks 7,,scolopacid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,godwits 7,limos974 #b4--,! ,long%anks 7,totan974 #c4--,! ,avocets 7,recurviro/r974 #d4--,! ,s&pip]s 7,tr+974 #e4--,! ,woodcocks ,prop] 7,scolopac974 #f4--,! ,phal]opes 7,phal>opod974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,scream]s 7,,palam$eid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,jacanas 7,p>r974 #b4--,! ,scream]s ,prop] 7,palam$e974 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,rails 7,,rallid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,rails ,prop] 7,rall974 #b4--,! ,gall9ules 7,gall9ul974 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ord] ,,viii4 ,,geese 7,,ans]es74 ,,family ,i4--,,! ,,ducks 7,,anatid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,flam+oes 7,phnicopt]974 #b4--,! ,spur-w+$ ,geese 7,plectropt]974 #c4--,! ,geese ,prop] 7,ans]974 #d4--,! ,swans 7,cygn974 #e4--,! ,ducks ,prop] 7,anat974 #f4--,! ,div+ ,ducks 7,fuligul974 #g4--,! ,p9-tail$ ,ducks 7,erismatur974 #h4--,! ,goos&]s 7,m]g974 ,,family ,,ii4--,,! ,,div]s 7,,colymbid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,div]s ,prop] 7,colymb974 #b4--,! ,grebes 7,podicip974 #c4--,! ,f9foots 7,heliorn974 ,,family ,,iii4--,,! ,,auks 7,,alcid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,auks 7,alc974 #b4--,! ,cre/$ ,div]s 7,phal]id974 #c4--,! ,p5gu9s 7,sph5isc974 #d4--,! ,loons 7,ur974 ,,family ,,iv4--,,! ,,petrels 7,,procell>id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,petrels ,prop] 7,procell>974 #b4--,! ,albatrosses 7,diom$e974 ,,family ,v4--,,! ,,gulls 7,,l>id74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,gulls ,prop] 7,l>974 #b4--,! ,scissor-bills 7,rhyn*op974 #c4--,! ,t]ns 7,/]n974 ,,family ,,vi4--,,! ,,pelicans 7,,pelicanid74 ,sub-,family #a4--,! ,tropic ,birds 7,phaeton974 #b4--,! ,d>t]s 7,plot974 #c4--,! ,pelicans ,prop] 7,pelican974 ,,index ,,( 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,,end4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp91 ,,belle ,,sauvage ,,works1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,selections ,,f ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp9',s ,,publications4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,& ,,f9e ,,art ,,works4 ,picturesque ,europe4 ,! ,briti% ,isles4 ,vol4 #a4 ,conta9+ ,twelve exquisite ,/eel ,plates f orig9al draw+s by ,,birket ,,fo/]1 ,e4 ,m4 ,,wimp]is1 ,p4 ,,skelton1 ,d4 ,,mckewan1 ,w4 ,,leit*1 ,h4 ,,f5n1 ,s4 ,,read1 ,j4 ,,mog=d1 & ,j4 ,,*ase1 & #agf orig9al ,illu/rations drawn on ,wood by ,w4 ,h4 ,,boot1 ,h4 ,,f5n1 ,,t[neley ,,gre51 ,c4 ,,johnson1 ,w4 ,l4 ,,jones1 ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*1 ,w4 ,w4 ,,may1 ,t4 ,l4 ,,r[bo?am1 ,c4 ,j4 ,,/anil&1 ,p4 ,,skelton1 ,e4 ,m4 ,,wimp]is1 ,e4 ,,wagn]1 c41 & engrav$ by ,,edw>d ,,:ymp]4 ,) ,descriptive ,lett]press by ,t4 ,g4 ,,bonney1 ,,osc> ,,br[n+1 ,,james ,,grant1 ,h4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,pe>se1 ,w4 ,,s5ior1 & ,j4 ,f4 ,,wall]4 ,royal #dto1 #cjj pages1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #b #be4 ,! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii41 ea* conta9+ ,tw5ty ,portraits1 9 ,col\rs1 ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ ,celebrities1 pr9t$ 9 ! highe/ /yle ( ,*romo-,li?ography1 ) accompany+ ,memoirs1 compil$ f au!ntic s\rces4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,art ,/udies ( ,home ,life4 ,) ,tw5ty-f\r full-page ,copies1 pr9t$ by ! ,woodbury ,process1 ( ,fam\s ,pictures by ,,coll9s1 ,,leslie1 ,,l&se]1 ,,mulready1 ,,maclise1 ,,sir ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds1 ,,web/]1 c4 ,) ,descriptive ,lett]press by ,,godfrey ,,turn]4 ,demy #dto1 clo? elegant1 gilt edges1 #aes4 ,pr9ciples ( ,ornam5tal ,art4 ,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,art ,ma/] 9 ,m>lbor\gh ,college1 ,au?or ( ,freeh& ,ornam5t1 c4 ,) ov] #djj ,designs4 ,royal #dto1 clo?1 #bes4 ,/udies 9 ,design1 = ,build]s1 ,ar*itects1 ,design]s1 ,h\se ,decorators1 & ,manufactur]s4 ,by ,,*ri/oph] ,,dress]4 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,e4,b4,s41 c4 ,consi/+ ( #fj ,orig9al ,designs by ! ,au?or1 prep>$ dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 exquisitely r5d]$ 9 fac-simile1 9 comb9$ ,col\rs & 9 ,gold & ,col\rs1 & accompani$ by ,descriptive ,lett]press4 ,demy folio1 clo?1 #c #cs4 ,sket*+ f ,nature 9 ,wat]-,col\rs4 ,by ,,a>on ,,p5ley1 ,au?or ( ,! ,engli% ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 c4 ,) ,illu/rations 9 ,*romo-,li?ography1 aft] ,orig9al ,wat]-,col\r ,draw+s4 ,sup]-royal #dto1 clo?1 #aes4 ,homely ,sc5es f ,great ,pa9t]s1 conta9+ ,tw5ty-f\r beautiful full-page ,copies ( ,fam\s ,pictures1 pr9t$ by ! ,woodbury ,process4 ,! ,text consi/s ( a ,s]ies ( ,essays by ,,godfrey ,,turn]4 ,demy #dto1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #aes4 ,poems & ,pictures4 ,) ab\t #ajj highly-f9i%$ ,engrav+s1 by ,j4 ,c4 ,,horsley1 ,r4,a41 ,c4 ,w4 ,,cope1 ,r4,a41 ,f4 ,r4 ,,pick]sgill1 ,r4,a41 ,,sel\s1 c41 c4 ,fcap4 #dto1 #bej pp41 v h&somely b\nd 9 extra gilt clo?1 #bas4 ,! ,leopold ,%aksp]e4 ,d$icat$1 by p]mission1 to ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9ce ,leopold4 ,! text ( ! ,leopold ,%aksp]e is t ( ,pr(essor ,,delius1 :ile an introduction to ! entire "w has be5 writt5 by ,mr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,furnivall4 ,?is ,edition includes ,! ,two ,noble ,k9sm5 & ,edw>d ,,iii41 bo? ( :i* plays1 accord+ to _m compet5t au?orities1 conta9 mu* t is ,%aksp]e's4 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations & #a1jjj pages1 small #dto1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d42 gilt edges1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,illu/rat$ ,travels3 ,a ,record ( ,discov]y1 ,geography1 & ,adv5ture4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,,bates1 ,assi/ant-,secret>y ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society4 ,complete 9 ,six ,vols41 conta9+ ne>ly #bjj ,engrav+s 9 ea* volume1 royal #dto1 #aes4 clo?1 or #ahs4 clo?1 gilt edges1 ea*4 ,! ,races ( ,mank9d4 ,a ,popul> ,description ( ! ,*>act]i/ics1 ,mann]s1 & ,cu/oms ( ! ,pr9cipal ,v>ieties ( ! ,human ,family4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,br[n1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 late ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,physical ,society1 ,ed9burgh4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,vols4 ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t1 extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #fs4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 #a #as4 ,royal ,qu>to ,%akespe>e4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les & ,,m>y ,,c[d5 ,,cl>ke1 & conta9+ ab\t #fjj ,illu/rations by ,h4 ,c4 ,,sel\s4 ,pr9t$ 9 new l>ge type on royal #dto pap]4 ,complete 9 #c vols41 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #c #cs4 ,also publi%$ 9 ,?ree sep>ate volumes1 viz41 ,,! ,,com$ies1 #a #as4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,plays1 #ahs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,trag$ies1 #a #es4 ,%akespe>e1 ,cassell's ,illu/rat$4 ,imp]ial #hvo ,edition4 ,) #fjj ,illu/rations by ,h4 ,c4 ,,sel\s4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les & ,,m>y ,,c[d5 ,,cl>ke4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,vols41 #b1afh pages1 b\nd 9 imitation ,roxburgh4 #b #bs41 half morocco1 #b #ajs4 ,cassell's ,arabian ,nights4 ,) #cej ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dor & o!r ,em95t ,arti/s4 #gfj pages1 extra cr[n #dto1 clo? bevell$1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,! ,_w ( ,wit & ,hum\r4 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations4 ,sup]-royal #hvo1 #dhj pp41 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,_w ( ,wond]s4 ,a ,record ( ,?+s ,wond]ful 9 ,nature1 ,sci5ce1 & ,art4 ,imp]ial #hvo1 #ejj pp41 ) #acj ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 sop's ,fables4 ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,) ab\t #aej ,orig9al ,illu/rations by ,,erne/ ,,griset4 ,imp]ial #hvo1 #dcb pages1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,dor ,,f9e ,,art ,,volumes4 ,! ,dor ,gall]y4 ,conta9+ #bej ( ! f9e/ ,draw+s ( ,,gu/ave ,,dor1 select$ f ! ,dor ,bible1 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,dante's ,inf]no1 & ,purgatorio & ,p>adiso1 c4 ,) ,descriptive ,lett]press & ,memoir by ,,edmund ,,olli]4 ,folio1 clo? gilt1 ,"o ,vol41 complete1 #e #es42 clo? gilt1 9 ,two ,vols41 #e #ajs42 full morocco elegant1 #aj4 ,! ,dor ,scripture ,gall]y ( ,illu/ration4 ,conta9+ #bej ,draw+s ( ,scripture ,subjects by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,) an ,essay1 ,critical & ,hi/orical1 on ,sacr$ ,art1 by ,,edmund ,,olli]4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 #e #ajs42 or ,f\r ,vols41 #f #fs4 ,! ,dor ,bible4 ,) #bcj ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 #a1fjj pp41 small folio ,two ,vols41 clo?1 #h2 morocco1 #ab2 full morocco elegant1 #ae4 ,royal #dto ,edition1 ,two ,vols41 lea!r gilt1 #c #ajs42 morocco antique1 #f #fs4 ,dante's ,inf]no4 ,) ,sev5ty-six full-page ,engrav+s by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,translat$ by ,rev ,h4 ,f4 ,,c>y1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n folio1 clo?1 #b #ajs42 elegantly b\nd 9 full morocco1 #f #fs4 ,dante's ,purgatorio & ,p>adiso4 ,) ,sixty full-page ,engrav+s by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,uni=m ) ! ,,inf]no1 & same price4 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,) full-page ,illu/rations by ,gu/ave ,dor4 ,) ,notes & a ,life ( ,milton by ! late ,rev4 ,r4 ,,vaughan1 ,d4,d4 ,new ,edition1 imp]ial #dto1 clo? gilt1 #b #ajs42 full morocco elegant1 #f #fs4 ,la ,fonta9e's ,fables4 ,) ,eighty-six full-page & num]\s small] ,engrav+s by ,gu/ave ,dor4 ,royal #dto1 #hdj pp41 clo? gilt1 #a #ajs42 full morocco1 #c #ajs4 ,don ,quixote4 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,royal #dto1 clo?1 #a #ajs42 full morocco1 #c #ajs4 ,atala4 ,by ,,*ateaubri&4 ,) ,?irty full-page & _m small] ,engrav+s by ,gu/ave ,dor4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 clo?1 #a #as4 ,days ( ,*ivalry2 be+ ! ,leg5d ( ,croquemita9e4 ,) ne>ly #bjj ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,! ,text by ,,tom ,,hood4 ,new ,edition4 ,royal #dto1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,adv5tures ( ,b>on ,mun*aus54 ,) ,?irty-"o full-page ,engrav+s by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,royal #dto1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,leg5d ( ! ,w&]+ ,jew4 ,) ,twelve ,l>ge ,designs by ,gu/ave ,dor4 ,folio1 clo?1 #aes42 extra gilt1 #bas4 ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp93 ,,london1 ,,p>is ,,new ,,york4 ,,/&>d ,,works4 ,briti% ,battles on ,l& & ,sea4 ,by ,,james ,,grant1 ,au?or ( ,! ,romance ( ,w>4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,vols41 ) ab\t #bjj ,engrav+s 9 ea*1 extra cr[n #dto1 #egf pp41 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,cassell's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,p]iod to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,,new ,,ton$ ,,pap] ,,edition4 ,) ab\t #b1jjj ,illu/rations4 ,po/ #dto1 #e1ejj pp4 ,complete 9 ,n9e ,vols41 b\nd 9 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,! ,volumes c be _h sep>ately4 ,,libr>y ,,edition1 b\nd 9 br[n clo?1 ) gilt tops1 #d #ajs4 ,cassell's ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> betwe5 ,france & ,g]many4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 ) ab\t #ejj ,engrav+s & ,plans ( ! ,battle-,fields4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 #is4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 half-calf1 #a #ajs4 ,cassell's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ) #bjj ,illu/rations & ,maps 9 ea* ,vol4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 #fbj pages1 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 7,to be complet$ 9 #c ,vols47 ,cassell's ,hi/ory ( ,india4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans1 & ,illu/rations4 ,vol4 ,i4 n[ ready4 #egf pages1 extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #is4 7,to be complet$ 9 ,two ,vols47 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,prote/antism4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,wylie1 ,,ll4,d4 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii41 ) upw>ds ( #bjj ,orig9al ,illu/rations 9 ea* ,vol4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 #fbj pages1 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 7,to be complet$ 9 #c ,vols47 ,old & ,new ,london4 ,a ,n>rative ( its ,hi/ory1 its ,p1 & its ,places4 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 & ,,iv4 n[ ready1 ) ab\t #bjj ,engrav+s ea*4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 #egf pp41 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,cassell's ,h\sehold ,guide4 ,a ,guide to ,e ,dep>tm5t ( ,practical ,life4 ,) num]\s ,col\r$ ,cook]y ,plates1 & ,illu/rations on ne>ly e page4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,vols41 clo? gilt1 price #fs4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 half-calf1 #a #aas4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,new ,popul> ,educator4 ,revis$ to ! ,pres5t ,date1 ) num]\s ,additions4 ,complete 9 ,six ,vols41 #dab pp4 ea*1 clo?1 #fs4 ea*2 or ,?ree ,vols41 half-calf1 #b #ajs4 ,cassell's ,popul> ,recreator4 ,a ,guide & ,key to ,9-door & ,out-door ,amusem5t4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 conta9+ ab\t #ejj ,illu/rations ea*1 extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #fs4 ea*2 or ! ,two ,vols4 9 ,"o1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,te*nical ,educator4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,vols41 ea* conta9+ ,col\r$ ,frontispiece & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 #daf pp41 clo?1 #fs4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 half-calf1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 & o!r ,works by ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 ,) upw>ds ( #ajj ,illu/rations4 ,sup] ,royal #hvo1 clo?1 #es42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,) ,eighty-eight ,engrav+s by ,,mort54 ,imp]ial #hvo1 #djj pp41 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 full gilt clo?1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,illu/rat$ ,read+s4 ,conta9+ ab\t #ejj *oice ,selections f ! ,engli% ,lit]ature ( all ,ages4 ,,fir/ ,,& ,,second ,,s]ies4 ,ea* ,s]ies complete 9 ,"o ,volume4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 ea*1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo?1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,bibles1 ,,religi\s ,,works1 c4 ,cassell's ,gu9ea ,illu/rat$ ,bible4 ,) #ijj ,illu/rations1 ,full ,ref]5ces1 a ,concordance1 ,family ,regi/]1 c4 c4 ,royal #dto1 #a1dgf pp41 clo?1 gilt edges1 #bas42 morocco1 #bes4 ,! ,*ild's ,bible4 ,) #bbj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #dto1 clo? gilt1 #a #as42 lea!r1 #cjs42 morocco elegant1 #dbs4 ,! ,dor ,bible4 ,royal #dto ,edition4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 ) #bbj ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,b\nd 9 lea!r1 gilt edges1 #c #ajs42 full morocco1 antique1 #f #fs4 ,! ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,f>r>1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,canon ( ,we/m9/]1 & ,*apla9 9 ,ord9>y to ! ,que54 ,two ,vols41 #bds42 calf antique1 #b #bs42 tree calf1 #b #es4 ,keble's ,*ri/ian ,ye>1 ,cassell's ,illu/rat$ ,edition4 ,beautifully pr9t$ & pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,bible ,diction>y4 ,) ne>ly #fjj ,illu/rations4 ,imp]ial #hvo1 #a1aei pp4 ,complete 9 ,"o ,vol41 clo?1 #bas42 or ,two ,vols41 clo?1 #bes42 or ,"o ,vol41 russia or morocco1 #djs4 ,mat!w ,h5ry's ,comm5t>y4 ,,new ,,annotat$ ,,edition1 consi/+ ( ,supplem5t>y ,orig9al ,notes contribut$ by em95t ,biblical ,s*ol>s ( ! pres5t day4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,volumes1 royal #dto1 clo?1 #c #ajs4 ,cassell's ,family ,pray]-,book4 #djj pages1 demy #dto1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo?1 gilt edges1 #is42 morocco1 #a #as4 ,! ,bible ,educator4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,plumptre1 ,d4,d41 assi/$ by "s ( ! mo/ ,em95t ,s*ol>s & ,div9es ( ! day4 ,) upw>ds ( #djj ,illu/rations & ,maps4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,volumes4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #fs4 ea*2 or ,two ,d\ble ,volumes1 clo?1 #a #as42 half calf1 m>bl$ edges1 #a #aas4 #f;d4 ,daily ,devotion = ! ,h\sehold4 ,conta9+ a ,%ort ,pray]1 ) ,hymn & a ,portion ( ,scripture = ,e ,morn+ & ,ev5+ 9 ! ,ye>4 ,) ,tw5ty-f\r full-page ,plates4 ,royal #dto1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #a #es42 lea!r1 #a #aes4 ,cassell's ,foxe's ,book ( ,m>tyrs4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,bramley-,,moore1 ,m4,a4 ,) #aha ,engrav+s by ,sir ,,john ,,gilb]t1 ,,mort51 ,,edw>ds1 c4 c4 ,imp]ial #hvo1 #gcb pp41 clo?1 #abs42 full gilt clo?1 #aes4 ,cassell's ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,conta9+ #ajj ,illu/rations by ,,sel\s & ,,priolo4 ,imp]ial #hvo1 #djj pp41 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 full gilt clo?1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,bunyan's ,holy ,w>4 ,uni=m ) ! above1 & same price4 ,,popul> ,,works ,,on ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,,! ,,new ,,& ,,*eap] ,,editions ,,( ,,l\is ,,figui]',s ,,popul> ,,sci5tific ,,works1 ,conta9+ all ! ,orig9al ,illu/rations1 ! ,text ,revis$ & ,correct$1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ea*1 comprise3-- ,! ,human ,race4 ,newly ,edit$ & ,revis$ by ,,rob]t ,,wilson1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,physical ,society1 ,ed9burgh4 ,) #bdb ,illu/rations4 ,mammalia4 ,revis$ & ,correct$ by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,,p]ceval ,,wright1 ,m4,d4 ,) #bfj ,illu/rations4 ,! ,_w be=e ! ,deluge4 ,) #bcc ,illu/rations4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,revis$ & ,correct$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,,bri/[1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,! ,ocean ,_w4 ,) #dbg ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,revis$ & ,correct$ by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,,p]ceval ,,wright1 ,m4,d4 ,reptiles & ,birds4 ,) #cjj ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,revis$ & ,correct$ by ,capta9 ,,p>k] ,,gillmore4 ,! ,insect ,_w4 ,) #egf ,illu/rations4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,revis$ by ,pr(essor ,,duncan1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,! ,vegetable ,_w4 ,) #dgj ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,revis$ & ,correct$ by an ,,em95t ,,botani/4 ,cassell's ,brehm's ,book ( ,birds4 ,translat$ f ! ,text ( ,dr4 ,,brehm1 by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,,rym] ,,jones1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) upw>ds ( #djj ,engrav+s1 & num]\s full-page ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,volumes1 #dto1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 half-calf1 #b #bs4 ,! ,book ( ! ,horse4 ,by ,samuel ,sidney4 ,) #be fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates1 f ,orig9al ,pa9t+s1 & upw>ds ( #ajj ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,demy #dto1 clo? gilt1 #cas4 #f;d42 half-morocco1 gilt edges1 #b #bs4 ,trans=mations ( ,insects4 ,by ,pr(essor ,p4 ,,m>t9 ,,duncan1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) ab\t #bej ,illu/rations4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,n[ ready1 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,popul> ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,) ab\t #b1jjj ,engrav+s & ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,volumes1 clo?1 #dbs4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,book ( ,p\ltry4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,a ,complete & ,practical ,treatise on ! ,bre$+1 ,re>+1 & ,managem5t ( e kn[n v>iety ( ,p\ltry4 ,) #ej exquisite ,col\r$ ,plates ( ,prize ,birds1 pa9t$ f ,life1 & num]\s ,engrav+s4 ,demy #dto1 #fjj pp41 clo? bevell$1 gilt edges1 #cas4 #f;d42 half-morocco1 gilt edges1 #b #bs4 ,! ,book ( ,pigeons4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,fulton4 ,edit$ & arrang$ by ,,lewis ,,wright4 ,illu/rat$ ) #ej life-l ,col\r$ ,plates1 pa9t$ expressly = ?is ,"w1 & ) num]\s ,engrav+s on ,wood4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 bevell$1 gilt edges1 #cas4 #f;d42 hall-morocco1 gilt edges1 #dbs4 ,cassell ,pett] ,galp92 ,london1 ,p>is ,new ,york4 ,,miscellane\s ,,works4 ,a ,ride to ,khiva4 ,by ,capt4 ,f4 ,,burnaby1 ,royal ,horse ,gu>ds4 ,be+ a n>rative ( ! ,au?or's adv5tures & exp]i5ces dur+ 8 rec5t j\rney to ,khiva1 ) "s ,rem>ks ^u ,russia's ,advance ,ea/w>d t[>ds ,india4 ,"o vol41 #ejj pp41 demy #hvo1 ) l>ge ,maps %[+ di/ricts trav]s$1 c41 #bas4 ,cassell's ,family ,magaz9e4 ,a ,high-class ,illu/rat$ ,family ,magaz9e4 ,mon?ly1 #g;d42 ,ye>ly ,vols41 #is4 ,civil ,s]vice1 ,guide to ,employm5t 9 !4 ,new ,edition4 ,) an ,introduction by ,j4 ,d4 ,,morell1 ,,ll4,d4 ,conta9+ ! ,new ,regulations complete4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,civil ,s]vice1 ,guide to ! ,indian4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,,ewald1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,cobd5 ,club ,essays4 ,second ,s]ies4 #ejj pp41 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,second ,edition4 ,decorative ,design1 ,pr9ciples (4 ,by ,,*ri/oph] ,,dress]1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 c4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,two ,col\r$ ,plates & num]\s ,designs & ,diagrams4 ,second ,edition4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,diction>y ( ,phrase & ,fable1 ,brew]'s2 giv+ ! ,d]ivation1 ,s\rce1 or ,orig9 ( ,common ,phrases1 ,allusions1 & ,words t h a ,tale to ,tell4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,brew]4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,demy #hvo1 #a1jjj pages1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,facts & ,h9ts = ,e-day ,life4 ,a ,compreh5sive ,book on ,e ,subject connect$ ) ! ,com=ts ( ,home & ! ,heal? & ,prosp]ity ( its ,inmates4 ,second ,edition4 ,clo?1 #bs1 #f;d4 ,hi/orical ,sc5es4 ,conta9+ "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ episodes f ,hi/ory4 ,select$ by ,e4 ,,spoon] f ! writ+s ( ! foll[+ writ]s1 & us$ by special p]mission3--,,full]1 ,,c>lyle1 ,,motley1 ,,fr\de1 ,,prescott1 ,,fras]-,,tytl]1 ,,milman1 ,ar*bi%op ,,tait1 ,dean ,,/anley1 ,dr4 ,,arnold4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 #bbd pages1 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,local ,gov]nm5t & ,taxation4 ,! ,volume ( ,,cobd5 ,,club ,,essays = #ahge4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,,probyn4 ,clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,mann]s ( ,mod]n ,society4 ,a ,compreh5sive ,"w on ! ,etiquette ( ! ,pres5t ,day4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,clo? gilt1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,nor?-,we/ ,passage by ,l&1 ,!4 ,by ,"l ,,milton & ,dr4 ,,*eadle4 ,orig9al ,edition1 demy #hvo1 clo?1 ) ,tw5ty-two full-page ,illu/rations & ,two ,maps1 #bas4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 cr[n #hvo1 ) ,maps & ,illu/rations1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,k5nel ,guide1 ,!4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gordon ,,/ables1 ,au?or ( ,cats3 _! ,po9ts & ,*>act]i/ics4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #aib pages1 cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,p\ltry-,keep]1 ,!4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,a ,/&>d ,guide to ! ,managem5t ( ,p\ltry = ,dome/ic ,use1 ! ,m>ket1 or ,exhibition4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,) #dh ,pla9 ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 or #cf ,pla9 & #h ,new ,*romo ,plates1 #es4 ,quiv]1 ,!4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e = ,sunday ,read+4 ,mon?ly1 #f;d42 & ,ye>ly ,volumes1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,%ort] ,engli% ,poems4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,h5ry ,,morley4 ,be+ ,vol4 ,i4 ( ,,cassell',s ,,libr>y ,,( ,,engli% ,,lit]ature4 ,conta9+ ! lead+ *>act]i/ic %ort] ,poems ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 f ! e>lie/ p]iod to ! pres5t "t1 ) upw>ds ( #bjj ,illu/rations4 #eab pages1 extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,/ock ,ex*ange ,ye>-,book1 ,!4 ,by ,,?omas ,,sk9n]4 ,conta9+ a c>eful ,dige/ ( ,in=mation relat+ to ! ,orig91 ,hi/ory1 & ,pres5t ,position ( ea* ( ! ,jo9t ,/ock ,companies & ,public ,securities kn[n to ! ,m>kets ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,clo?1 #es4 ,talks ab\t ,trees4 ,a ,popul> ,acc\nt ( _! ,nature & ,uses4 ,by ,m4 & ,e4 ,,kirby4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 #cbj pp41 extra cr[n #hvo1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,! ,!ory & ,action ( ! ,/eam-,eng9e3 ,= ,practical ,m54 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,nor?cott1 ,c4,e41 ,au?or ( ,la!s & ,turn+1 c4 ,demy #hvo1 #bbd pages1 ) num]\s ,diagrams & ,tables1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,educational ,,works4 ,a ,fir/ ,sket* ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,morley1 ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,lit]ature at ,univ]sity ,college1 & ,exam9] 9 ,engli% ,language1 ,lit]ature1 & ,hi/ory to ! ,univ]sity ( ,london4 ,f\r? & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #iab pp41 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,complete ,manual ( ,spell+4 ,on ! ,pr9ciples ( ,contra/ & ,comp>ison4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,morell1 ,,ll4,d41 ,h4,m4 ,inspector ( ,s*ools4 ,=ty-fif? ,?\s&4 ,clo?1 #as4 ,little ,folks' ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,by ,,isa ,,craig-,,knox4 ,) ,?irty ,illu/rations4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,! ,animal ,k+dom4 ,by ,,ellis ,a4 ,,davidson4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,tw5tie? ,?\s&1 ,revis$ & ,correct$4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,s*ool ,bo>d ,ari?metic4 ,) ab\t #c1jjj ,examples4 #as4 #f;d42 or ) ,key1 #as4 #i;d4 ,,key sep>ate1 #f;d4 ,h>t's ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,,m>tyn ,,h>t1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,col\r$ ,frontispiece & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,col\r4 ,by ,a4 ,h4 ,,*ur*1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,royal ,agricultural ,college1 ,cir5ce/]4 ,) ,col\r$ ,plates & num]\s ,diagrams4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,elem5t>y ,lessons 9 ,appli$ ,me*anics4 ,by ,pr(essor ,r4 ,s4 ,,ball1 ,,ll4,d4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams & #adj ,que/ions = ,exam9ation4 ,clo?1 #bs4 ,natural ,philosophy 9 ,easy ,lessons4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,tyndall1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,euclid1 ,cassell's4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,wallace1 ,a4,m4 ,"o ,hundr$? ,?\s&4 #hvo1 #baf pp41 /iff cov]s1 #as42 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,algebra 7,elem5ts (71 ,cassell's4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,neutral ,t9t4 ,) #bd ,plates f ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*4 ,! ,lett]press to ea* ,plate conta9s ,full ,in/ructions to ! ,le>n]1 & ! ,plates %[ ! progress ( ! "w ?r\gh its diff]5t /ages4 ,oblong #dto1 clo?1 price #es4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t+4 ,by ,r4 ,p4 ,leit*4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates1 & full ,in/ructions to ,le>n]s4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,clo?1 #es4 ,cassell's ,g]man-,engli% & ,engli%-,g]man ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #hfd pages1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,lat9-,engli%1 ,engli%-,lat9 ,diction>y4 #iad pp41 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,mod]n ,s*ool ,copy-,books4 ,a v compreh5sive ,s]ies1 pr9t$ f ,copp]-plate copies on sup]ior writ+ pap]4 ,prep>$ 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( ! ,new ,code ( #ahgf4 ,complete 9 #ah ,books1 price #c;d4 ea*4 ,cassell's ,graduat$ ,copy-,books1 adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,new ,code = #ahgf2 ea* ,book conta9+ #bd pages ( ,writ+ ,copies1 fcap4 #dto4 ,complete 9 #ah ,books1 price #b;d4 ea*4 ,cassell's ,p5ny ,copy-,books4 ,complete 9 #ah ,books1 price #a;d4 ea*4 ,cassell's ,p5ny ,draw+-,copy ,books4 ,complete 9 #bh ,books1 price #a;d4 ea*1 ea* ,p5ny ,book consi/+ ( #ad pages ( ,draw+ ,copies1 fcap1 #dto4 ,cassell's ,sixp5ny ,draw+ ,copies4 ,compris+ ,five ,s]ies ( ,books1 ea* ,s]ies complete 9 ,twelve ,p>ts1 price #f;d4 ea*2 ,twelve ,packets on ,c>dbo>d1 price #as4 ea*2 or ,"o ,volume1 clo?1 #gs1 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,c\rse ( ,practical ,geometry4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,davidson4 ,consi/+ ( #fd ,copies on ,c>dbo>d1 9 ,packet1 #es4 ,cassell's ,s*ool ,bo>d ,freeh& ,draw+ ,copy ,books1 consi/+ ( #d ,books1 ea* conta9+ #af pp41 fcap4 folio1 #as4 #d;d4 ! set4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,fr5* ,gramm>4 ,t5? ,edition1 ,enl>g$ & ,revis$4 ,arrang$ & ,compil$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,bright1 ,m4,a41 ,ma/] ( ! ,mod]n ,s*ool 9 ,m>lbor\gh ,college4 #afd pages1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,fr5* ,ex]cises4 ,six? ,edition1 ,enl>g$ & ,revis$4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,de ,,lisle1 ,m4,a41 ,fr5* ,ma/] 9 ,m>lbor\gh ,college4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,fr5*-,engli% & ,engli%-,fr5* ,diction>y4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,by ,pr(essors ,,de ,,lolme & ,,wallace4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #ief pages1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,g]man ,gramm>4 ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,arrang$ & ,compil$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,bright1 ,m4,a4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,sepia ,pa9t+4 ,) #bd ,plates f ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*4 ,! ,lett]press to ea* conta9s ,full ,in/ructions to ! ,le>n]1 & ! ,plates %[ ! progress ( ! "w ?r\gh ! diff]5t /ages4 ,oblong #dto1 clo?1 price #es4 ,cassell's ,s*ool ,bo>d ,geometrical ,draw+ ,copy ,books1 consi/+ ( #d ,books1 ea* conta9+ #bd pages1 fcap4 #dto1 #as4 #d;d4 ! set4 ,cassell ,pett] ,galp93 ,london1 ,p>is ,new ,york4 ,,galbrai? ,,& ,,haughton',s ,,sci5tific ,,manuals4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,galbrai?1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 & ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,haughton1 ,m4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,manual ( ,ari?metic4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,plane ,trigonometry4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,euclid4 ,books ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,euclid4 ,books ,,iv41 ,v41 ,,vi4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,ma!matical ,tables4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,me*anics4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,optics4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,hydro/atics4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,tides & ,tidal ,curr5ts4 ,) ,tidal ,c>ds1 #cs4 ,manual ( ,a/ronomy4 ,clo?1 #es4 ,manual ( ! ,/eam ,eng9e4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,manual ( ,algebra4 ,"p ,i41 #bs4 #f;d4 ,complete1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,! ,?ree ,k+doms ( ,nature4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #es4 ,a ,manual ( ,natural ,philosophy4 ,) #afj ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,complete ,li/ ( ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp9',s ,educational ,works w be f\nd 9 _! ,,educational ,,catalogue1 a copy ( :i* w be =w>d$ po/ free on application4 ,,books ,,= ,,*ildr5 ,,& ,,"y ,,p4 ,little ,folks4 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 & ,,iv4 ( ! ,,new ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,s]ies1 ea* conta9+ ne>ly #ejj ,pictures1 & ,col\r$ ,frontispiece4 ,col\r$ bo>ds1 #cs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges4 #es4 ea*4 ,,little ,,folks is publi%$ 9 ,mon?ly ,p>ts1 #f;d42 & 9 ,half-,ye>ly ,volumes1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,little ,folks' ,picture ,gall]y4 ,conta9+ ab\t #aej ,beautiful ,pictures1 ) accompany+ ,rhymes to ea* ,picture1 by ! ,au?or ( ,home ,*at4 ,f\r? ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,little ,folks' ,picture ,album4 ,uni=m ) ! ,little ,folks' ,picture ,gall]y1 conta9+ #afh ,l>ge ,pictures1 ) accompany+ text pr9t$ 9 bold type4 ,clo? elegant1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,paws & ,claws3 be+ ,true ,/ories ( ,clev] ,creatures1 ,tame & ,wild4 ,by ,"o ( ! ,au?ors ( ,poems ,writt5 = a ,*ild4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #dto1 clo? gilt1 #es4 ,ar\nd & ,ab\t ,old ,engl&4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 #bdj pages1 extra fcap4 #dto1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,?r\gh ,picture-,l&4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux1 be+ ! ,new ,volume ( ! ,,picture ,,tea*+ ,,s]ies ,conta9+ ab\t #bjj ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #dto1 #aib pages1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,cosy ,corn] ,s]ies4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,/ory ,books = ,*ildr54 ,ea* ,book conta9+ ne>ly ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,full-,,page ,,pictures4 ,bright ,rays = ,dull ,days4 ,*ats = ,small ,*att]]s4 ,pictures = ,happy ,h\rs4 ,ups & ,d[ns ( a ,donkey's ,life4 ,ea* book conta9s #ahd pages1 fcap4 #hvo1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 ) ,m$allion1 price1 ea* #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,boy ,jo9] & ,model-,mak]4 ,by ,,ellis ,a4 ,,davidson4 ,conta9+ ,practical ,directions = ,mak+ num]\s ,articles ( ,use & ,ornam5t4 ,illu/rat$4 ,extra fcap4 #dto1 #bef pages1 clo? gilt1 #es4 ,t9y ,h\ses & _! ,build]s4 ,uni=m ) ,paws & ,claws4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 #aib pages1 fcap4 #dto1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,hymns & ,poems = ,little ,folks4 7,uni=m ) ! ,*ildr5's ,album47 ,conta9+ a *>m+ ,collection ( ! fav\rite ,hymns & ,poems4 ,) #aej full-page ,illu/rations4 ,sup]-royal #afmo1 #cbj pages1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,old ,fairy ,tales4 ,a ,*oice ,collection ( ,fav\rite ,fairy ,tales4 ,collect$ & ,edit$ by ,,james ,,mason4 ,) #bd full-page & num]\s o!r ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,sup]-royal #afmo1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #as4 #f;d4 ,pussy ,tip-,toes ,family4 ,) num]\s full-page ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #dto1 #aib pages1 clo?1 bevell$ bo>ds1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,frisk & ,8 ,flock4 ,) num]\s full-page ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #dto1 #aib pages1 clo?1 bevell$ bo>ds1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,peeps ,abroad = ,folks at ,home4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,uni=m ) ,home ,*at & ,sunday ,*ats2 describ+ ,=eign ,l&s & ,=eign ,cities4 #bef pp41 fcap4 #dto4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,?ird ,edition4 #es4 ,fairy ,tales ,told ,aga94 ,) #bd full-page ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,imp4 #hvo4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 #es4 ,half-,h\rs ) ! ,e>ly ,explor]s4 ,by ,t4 ,,fro/4 ,conta9+ ,n>ratives ( ! ,adv5tures & ,discov]ies ( ! ,e>ly ,explor]s4 ,second ,edition4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 #bdj pp41 fcap4 #dto1 clo?1 #es4 ,! ,*ild's ,book ( ,song & ,praise4 ,) #bej ,illu/rations & #cc ,pieces ( ,music1 ) ,accompanim5ts4 ,second ,edition4 ,clo?1 #es42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,new ,edition4 ,) ,"o ,hundr$ ,illu/rations4 ,royal #hvo1 clo?1 #es42 full gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,swiss ,family ,rob9son4 ,new ,edition4 ,) #adj ,illu/rations & ,col\r$ ,frontispiece4 ,clo?1 pla91 #es42 full gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 h& ,a ,li/ ( ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp9',s ,*ildr5's ,books w be =w>d$ po/ free on application4 99 99 99 99 99 h& ,! foll[+ ,,catalogues ( ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp9',s ,,publications c be _h f all ,booksell]s1 or po/ free on application to ! ,publi%]s3-- ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp9',s ,,complete ,,catalogue1 conta9+ a ,li/ ( ,sev]al ,hundr$ ,volumes1 includ+ ,bibles & ,religi\s ,works1 ,f9e ,art ,volumes1 ,*ildr5's ,books1 ,diction>ies1 ,educational ,works1 ,hi/ory1 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,h\sehold & ,dome/ic ,treatises1 ,h&-books & ,guides1 ,sci5ce1 ,travels1 c4 c41 toge!r ) a ,synopsis ( _! num]\s ,illu/rat$ ,s]ial ,publications1 s5t po/ free on application to ,,cassell ,,pett] ,,galp91 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london4 ,,cassell',s ,,educational ,,catalogue1 conta9+ a ,description ( _! ,educational ,works1 toge!r ) a ,li/ ( ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 ,wat]-,col\rs1 c4 ,,cassell',s ,,classifi$ ,,li/1 conta9+ a ,li/ ( ,books arrang$ accord+ to _! value1 f #f;d4 upw>ds4 ,cassell ,pett] ,galp93 ,london1 ,p>is ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,transcrib] notes3 ,p4 #i4 ,plate #cb4 ,,otis ,,maque5ii *ang$ to ,,otis ,,macque5ii4 ,p4 #ii4 ',rallus aquaticus'1 correct$ ',rallus'4 ,p4 #aei4 'aft] a ab\t'1 remov$ 'a'4 ,p4 #bag4 'x l5g?'1 *ang$ 'x' to 'its'4 ,p4 #bdb4 ',x !' *ang$ ',x' to ',9'4 ,p4 #beg4 'fiords' *ang$ to 'fjords'4 ,p4 #bgf4 ',i4 ,mississipp5sis' *ang$ to ',i4 ,mississippi5sis' ,p4 #bgi4 ',flute ,%irke' *ang$ ',%irke' to ',%rike'4 ,p4 #bhf4 ',florisuci' *ang$ to ',florisuga'1 z ?is g5us is n writt5 9 plural4 ,p4 #bih4 ',,family ,,vi4 444 iii' ,*ang$ 'iii' to 'iv'4 ,p4 #cjf4 '7,bobl9k7' *ang$ to ',bobol9k74 ,fix$ v>i\s punctuation 4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------