,,mod]n ,,bookb9d+s ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf4 ,,mod]n ,,bookb9d+s ,,_! ,,design ,,& ,,decoration ,,by ,s4 ,t4 ,,prideaux ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton ,,& ,,company #aijf ,ed9burgh3 ,t4 ,,& ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,mod]n ,,engli% ,,b9d+ #c ,,mod]n ,,fr5* ,,b9d+ #ei ,,edition ,,b9d+ #aje ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plate ,i4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf--,frontispiece ,,at ,,page ,,ii4 #f ,,iii4 #f ,,iv4 ,,rivi,,re #aj ,v4 #aj ,,vi4 ,,morrell #ad ,,vii4 #af ,,viii4 #af ,,ix4 ,,de ,,cov]ly #ah ,x4 ,,fazak]ly #bj ,,xi4 #bj ,,xii4 ,,*iv]s #bf ,,xiii4 #bf ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press #cj ,,xv4 #cd ,,xvi4 #cd ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,guild ,,( ,,h&icraft #ch ,,xviii4 ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell #dj ,,xix4 #dj ,,xx4 ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe #db ,,xxi4 ,,de ,,sauty #dd ,,xxii4 #dd ,,xxiii4 ,,miss ,,adams #df ,,xxiv4 ,,miss ,,maccoll #dh ,,xxv4 ,,miss ,,alice ,,patt9son #dh ,,xxvi4 ,,miss ,,maude ,,na?an #ej ,,xxvii4 ,,miss ,,woolri* #eb ,,xxviii4 ,,miss ,,philpot #ed ,,xxix4 ,,m>ius ,,mi*el #fj ,,xxx4 #fb ,,xxxi4 #fb ,,xxxii4 ,l,,on ,,gruel #fd ,,xxxiii4 #fh ,,xxxiv4 #fh ,,xxxv4 #gb ,,xxxvi4 #gb ,,xxxvii4 ,,m]ci] #gf ,,xxxviii4 #hj ,,xxxix4 #hb ,,xl4 #hd ,,xli4 #hd ,,xlii4 ,,ruban #hh ,,xliii4 #ib ,,xliv4 #ib ,,xlv4 ,,c>ayon #id ,,xlvi4 #if ,,xlvii4 #if ,,xlviii4 ,,*ambolle #ih ,,xlix4 #ajf ,l4 #ajf ,,li4 ,,canape #ajh ,,lii4 #aab ,,liii4 #aaf ,,liv4 #abj ,,lv4 #abj ,,lvi4 ,,kieff] #abd ,,lvii4 #abh ,,lviii4 #abh ,,erratum ,= 8,revire0 read 8,rivire0 9 ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,= 8,morell0 read 8,morrell0 ?r\gh\t4 ,! address ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press is /ill ,am5 ,corn]1 ,e4,c41 & n ,/4 ,dun/an's ,h\se1 ,fett] ,lane1 z /at$ on page #ce4 ,,mod]n ,,engli% ,,b9d+ ,i ,)9 ! la/ five-&-tw5ty ye>s !re has be5 a m>k$ revival 9 e dep>tm5t ( appli$ art4 ,! influ5ce ( ,william ,morris1 ^: ef=ts 9 all ! accessories ( h\se decoration 7 = "s "t only recogniz$ by ! few1 has n[ spread to all classes4 ,no long] conf9$ to ! h\ses ( ! ri* or ( ^? :o pr(ess ! cult ( ae/hetics1 x is to be f\nd ) m or less ( trave/y 9 c\ntry rectories & suburban villas1 cat]$ = by ! ent]pris+ tradesman on ! mon?ly hire sy/em4 ,to ^? :o rememb] vividly ! e>ly ,victorian surr\nd+s ( ! home & _! prevail+ ugl9ess1 ! complete *ange :i* has tak5 place has h>dly yet ceas$ to be a s\rce ( wond]4 ,no?+ rema9s ! same3 f wall-pap] to coal-box1 f b$room to kit*51 all has #8suff]$ a sea *ange4' ,9 any exam9ation ( ! pres5t condition ( ! arti/ic crafts & ! promise !y pres5t ( future developm5t on a s\nd basis1 "o _c fail to obs]ve t ! ef=t to promote ta/e has p5etrat$ to ! commone/ objects ( daily use4 ,! ?\ght t f9ds expression 9 decoration has gone to salt-cell>s & buttons z well z to c>pets1 cab9ets & books4 ,"s indu/ries too1 t may almo/ be said to h di$ out = lack ( appreciation1 h be5 reviv$ on new l9es & tak5 up by ! public ) en?usia/ic approval4 ,! use ( enamel 9 jewell]y & 9 comb9ation ) wr\ght metal may be m5tion$ z an in/ance ( ?is1 z well z ! inlay+ ( cab9et "w n only ) col\r$ woods1 b ) pewt]1 ivory & pe>l4 ,! spell ( conv5tion once brok51 ! imag9ation ( ! craftsman has f\nd relief 9 fly+ to ! fur!/ di/ance f models t 7 till rec5tly 8 only guide4 ,?is fre$om1 :5 re/ra9$ by g5u9e arti/ic feel+1 has giv5 9 _m cases excell5t results2 b 9 ! majority ( cases ! sole a*ievem5t has be5 an ecc5tricity t %[s few signs ( a realization ( :at is ne$$ 9 appli$ art & ( ! laws t %\ld gov]n x4 ,9 no sph]e has !re be5 a m /rik+ dep>ture f ! hi!rto circumscrib$ l9es ( ornam5tation ?an 9 ev]y?+ t relates to books & _! decorative treatm5t4 ,pap] & ink1 type & its mass+ on ! page1 illu/ration bo? z a "p ( ! text & outside x1 ! mat]ials & enri*m5t ( ! cov]--all h alike und]gone fundam5tal reconsid]ation4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ) b9d+s & n ) ! o!r features ( book production t we are n[ conc]n$2 & x is propos$ 9 ^! pages to draw att5tion to :at is be+ done 9 ,engl& & ,france 9 a field ( "w t has an increas+ numb] ( recruits & a gr[+ & int]e/$ public4 ,x is n[ m ?an tw5ty ye>s s9ce ! movem5t spok5 ( began to include bookb9d+4 ,dur+ t "t !re has be5 not$ ! trade opposition to ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son :5 he />t$ z an amateur1 foll[$ by an imitation 9 _m qu>t]s1 :i*1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 is n ! mo/ subtle =m ( flatt]y4 ,!re has be5 also ! lat] influ5ce ( ,mr4 ,d\glas ,cock]ell--a result ( 8 /r5u\s craft tea*+ z well z ( ! "w ( 8 own h&s--& ! t>dy ackn[l$gm5t ( pr(essional b9d]s t ! int]e/ ( ! amateur has be5 productive ( good ev5 f ! n>r[ /&po9t ( _! class4 ,nor has ,france escap$ ?is wave ( innovation1 ?\gh !re =malism _h a /rong] hold ev5 ?an ) u1 inasmu* z ! traditions ( :at 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies _h really be5 m ( a f9e art ?an a craft 7 root$ 9 ! c\ntry ) all ! firmness t national pride c\ld give4 ,f9ally1 "o may m>k ! gr[+ en?usiasm ( our ,am]ican neighb\rs 9 ! subject & _! ef=ts to create a national ta/e 9 f9e b9d+s4 ,!y %[ a ready ackn[l$gm5t ( :at is be+ done outside _! own c\ntry1 & a will+ness to recognize t "w direct$ by ! arti/ic r ?an ! comm]cial _s mu/ be paid = accord+ to a /&>d diff]5t to t ( ! ord9>y tradesman4 ,illu/ration3 #b4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf4 ,illu/ration3 #c4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf4 ,t an increas+ numb] ( p appreciate ! problem ( design+ book cov]s may be judg$ f ! fact t ( late ye>s ne>ly e illu/rat$ pap] has _h an occasional article on "o or ano!r b9d] anxi\s to attract ! public to ! orig9ality ( 8 "w4 ,assum+ ?is appreciation1 we w t\* briefly on ! craft 9 ,engl& be=e its revitalization dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1 & !n pass 9 review ^? :o are n[ occupi$ ) its decorative side & :o are try+ to remove x f ! traditional grooves 9 :i* x lay = s long4 ,un=tunately1 _m b9d]s do+ excell5t & consci5ti\s "w1 on l9es f> m valuable ?an t ( patt]n mak+1 mu/ rema9 unnotic$1 = x is only "w t is /riv+ aft] an effect ( ornam5t t is capable ( illu/ration4 ,( ?is1 too1 ! am\nt has s mu* increas$ ( late t x is impossible to give examples ( mu* t equally des]ves repres5tation ) :at has be5 select$4 ,= a true und]/&+ ( mod]n ef=t x is necess>y to realize t ! art hi/ory ( b9d+ is an important "o1 especially 9 ,italy & ,france2 b 9 ?is v brief review ( ,engli% b9d+ be=e #ahej1 we ne$ n />t fur!r back ?an ! "t :5 gilt tool+ 0 br\ght f ,france4 ,be=e t p]iod ! heavi] cov]s _h be5 decorat$ ) /amps (t5 ( a v beautiful k9d & impress$ ^u ! lea!r )\t gold4 ,b 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,?omas ,b]!let1 ! ,k+'s pr9t]1 fir/ execut$ gold-tool$ b9d+s1 ! designs on :i* 7 frankly adopt$ f ^? t prevail$ 9 ,italy1 ! models1 no d\bt1 be+ f\nd among ! l>ge numb] ( books import$ f abroad at t "t4 ,lat] on1 :5 ,italian b9d+ z a f9e art _h be5 m]g$ 9 t ( ,france1 ! influ5ce ( ! latt] c\ntry is se51 z1 = example1 9 ! books b\nd = ,?omas ,wotton 9 imitation ( ,groli]1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s collectors ( any age or c\ntry4 ,?r\gh\t ! reigns ( ! ,/u>ts1 ,engli% b9d+ cont9ues to %[ ,fr5* influ5ce1 z a glance at ! books exhibit$ to ! public 9 ! ,briti% ,museum w %[ to ! mo/ casual obs]v]4 ,nor _h we a b9d] :o c be said to h %[n any t5d5cy t[>ds a native /yle till ! "t ( ! ,re/oration1 :5 ,samuel ,me>ne1 bookb9d] to ! ,k+1 inaugurat$ :at is kn[n z ! #8cottage' =m ( decoration4 ,?\gh ! elaborate filigree "w on 8 books rem9ds "o t ,le ,gascon ex]cis$ an important influ5ce1 ! =m ( ! ornam5ts & _! arrangem5t rema9 di/9ctly ,engli%4 ,a developm5t ( ?is /yle1 equally native 9 "*1 may be f\nd a little lat]1 dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 *iefly on ! ,bibles & ,pray]-,books ( ! "t4 ,9 ^! !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( r\gh inlay1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( a panel or 9 t ( tulips & o!r conv5tional fl[]s outl9$ 9 gold1 ?\gh ) a dott$ in/ead ( a solid l9e4 ,^! ornam5ts1 poor 9 !mselves1 :i* =m ! ma9 "p ( ! decoration1 are (t5 comb9$ ) great skill & s5se ( effect4 ,an unusual numb] ( su* books 7 collect$ at ! "t ( ! ,exhibition ( ,b9d+s at ! ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club1 & 7 f\nd bo? *>m+ & effective not)/&+ a some:at r\gh & ha/y workman%ip4 ,f ! reign ( ,james ,,ii4 to ! "t ( ,rog] ,payne !re are no names associat$ ) any b9d+s ( importance2 & ) ! pass+ ( ! prevail+ fa%ion ( ornam5t on ! books j describ$1 design rea*$ its l[e/ po9t t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,( ,rog] ,payne1 :o effect$ a g5u9e revival ( bookb9d+ some:]e ab\t #aggj1 x is n necess>y to say mu*4 ,8 /yle is well kn[n to all book lov]s1 & ! details ( 8 ecc5tric life h be5 s (t5 record$ t ! read] mu/ be m ?an we>y ( !m4 ,"o po9t 9 connexion ) 8 "w is1 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k1 wor? m5tion+1 & t is t 8 /yle has nev] l5t itself to t modification 9 imitation :i* enables any arti/ to become ! f\nd] ( a s*ool4 ,any "o ( ! skill$ b9d]s w d y a #8,rog] ,payne' z he w d y a #8,groli]' or a #8,le ,gascon'2 b x w be a reproduction ( ! real ,rog]'s "w1 ) ! exact details & precise arrangem5t ( !m t are to be f\nd on 8 au!ntic b9d+s4 ,s t1 not)/&+ 8 orig9ality1 he inspir$ no foll[+1 ?\gh 8 imitators h be5 p]haps m num]\s ?an ^? ( any o!r b9d]4 ,illu/ration3 #d4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,rivi,,re4 ,illu/ration3 #e4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,rivi,,re4 ,*>les ,lewis & ,frances ,b$=d1 foll[$ by ,rob]t ,rivire & ,joseph ,zaehnsdorf1 did mu* good "w 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 especially ,b$=d2 b !y c lay no claim to an orig9ality :i* disappe>$ ) ,payne1 & :i* 0 n se5 aga9 until ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son attempt$ to d = ! b9d+ ( books :at ,william ,morris _h already done = ! o!r decorative arts4 ,x is ! result ( ?is reviv$ int]e/ 9 h&icrafts & ! attempt$ application to b9d+ ( ! m vital pr9ciples ( art :i* x is propos$ to illu/rate "h4 ,"o mu/ say attempt$1 because success by no means always results4 ,9 ?is review1 h[ev]1 ( mod]n b9d]s1 def9ite criticism is n an object1 ?\gh ! difficulties att5dant on _! ef=ts naturally come up = consid]ation & necess>ily involve "s expression ( op9ion4 ,illu/ration3 #f4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,morrell4 ,bo? ,zaehnsdorf & ,rivire left repres5tatives to c>ry on _! "w1 ! =m] a son1 & ! latt] two nephews1 ,mr4 ,p]cy & ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,calk94 ,f ! small e/abli%m5ts 9 :i* bo? h\ses orig9at$ !re has develop$ 9 ea* case an important bus9ess 9 :i* an exce$+ly l>ge numb] ( books are b\nd = ! export z well z ! retail trade4 ,9 a b9d]y ( ?is nature !re w\ld n be "t = ! s]i\s consid]ation ( arti/ic problems unless x conta9$ :at ,mr4 ,le?aby s aptly describes z #8a 8quality0 dep>tm5t 9 a 8quantity0 bus9ess4' ,x rema9s z true n[ z x has always be5 t ! craftsman :o is also an arti/ mu/ "w 9 8 own way & at 8 own spe$--a fact well realiz$ 9 ! ,fr5* work%ops1 :i* are altoge!r outside ! ru% & pressure ( comm]cial life4 ,s 9 ea* ( ^! h\ses we f9d a c]ta9 numb] ( ! m intellig5t & skilful m5 employ$ only ^u ! be/ "w1 & engag$ 9 c>ry+ out designs :i* !y ei!r make up !mselves f c]ta9 recognis$ types or :i* are made = !m by m practis$ design]s4 ,?is introduces ! "q--:i* is a practical "o = ! l>ge employ]1 ?\gh x ne$ n exi/ = ^? hav+ a comp>atively limit$ output--:e!r x produces bett] results to keep a tra9$ design]1 or to give ! patt]n mak+ into ! h&s ( ! m arti/ically dispos$ #8f9i%]s4' ,"s consid] t x is impossible1 s long z ! education ( ! workman is s lam5tably defective on ! side ( ta/e z x is1 to expect him to plan book cov]s above ! ord9>y level ( pres5ts & s*ool prizes2 o!rs hold t 8 feel+ = :at is good & appropriate c only be cultivat$ by enc\rag+ him to ! int]e/ & responsibility ( plann+ :at he is go+ to execute4 ,mr4 ,calk9 has long kept a design] entirely occupi$ on ! decorat$ "w t _m ( 8 cli5ts dem&4 ,o!r h\ses h tri$ ! practice ( gett+ draw+s made by ! g5]al decorative arti/1 & h giv5 x up 9 disgu/ at ! unpractical "* ( ! results obta9$4 ,& x is true t x takes "t & pati5ce to tra9 "o accu/om$ to a free h& 9 inv5tion to a realization ( ! limitations necessitat$ by ! use ( rigid /amps & ! comp>atively small numb] ( !m t c be employ$ on a b9d+4#a ,ask any pr(ess$ patt]n mak] to make y a device = a book cov]1 & y w get some?+ :i*1 ?\gh x may be satisfactory & attractive 9 itself1 w be ei!r impossible ( execution or give ! mo/ disappo9t+ results4 ,naturally1 :]e any firm happ5s to possess workm5 ( ! requir$ ta/e & ability1 !y %\ld be enc\rag$ to ! utmo/ to give effect to _! s5se ( draw+ 9 its application to _! own trade4 ,messrs4 ,morrell1 ^: l>ge bus9ess is entirely a :olesale "o1 supplies all ! booksell]s ) b9d+s design$ by 8 m5 & rem>kable = _! v>iety & m]it4 ,x is too e>ly to speak ( ! influ5ce ( ! te*nical s*ools ^u ! output ( ! l>ge work%ops1 b :5 "o kn[s t ! ?ree h\ses above m5tion$ employ "s #bjj m5 betwe5 !m1 x c easily be imag9$ t ! tra9+ ( ! workman is a s]i\s consid]ation4#b ,x is cu/om>y n[ = b9d]s to keep a record ( _! m special "w1 & 9 ?is way ! ext5t ( _! range c be not$ by ! employ] & undue repetition prev5t$4 ,ano!r improvem5t on ! pa/ is t designs are n n[ multipli$ z !y us$ to be--t is to say1 9 ! be/ class ( "w4 ,a specially plann$ cov] is n repeat$ or ev5 publi%$ )\t ! own]'s cons5t2 & ?is is a wise plan1 = all art1 ev5 ! be/1 suff]s by va9 repetition1 & a good & appropriate patt]n on a book w be b a we>9ess to ! eye :5 x is se5 9 multiplicity 9 booksell]s' w9d[s4 ,illu/ration3 #g4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,morrell4 ,illu/ration3 #h4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,morrell4 ,! conclud+ illu/rations 9 ?is *apt] %[ "w done by ,mr4 ,rog] de ,cov]ly & ,mr4 ,h>ry ,wood4 ,mr4 de ,cov]ly s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip to ! eld] ,zaehnsdorf1 & 0 aft]w>ds employ$ = _m ye>s by ,messrs4 ,leighton4 ,9 #ahfc he set up = himself1 & 8 s\nd ta/e be+ discov]$ by ,mr4 ,f4 ,s4 ,ellis & ,mr4 ,william ,morris1 he soon got ! cu/om ( _m ( ^? :o 7 !n seek+ its application to b9d+s4 ,9 #ahhc he took "o ( 8 cli5ts1 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 z a pupil1 & has _h o!rs s9ce4 ,he consid]s 8 speciality to be vellum "w2 b un=tunately ?is does n %[ well 9 reproduction4 ,mr4 ,wood 0 also ) ,zaehnsdorf1 work+ = him z a f9i%] = twelve ye>s4 ,he subsequ5tly manag$ & 9 ! end b\ght ! bus9ess ( ,mr4 ,kaufmann 9 ,soho1 :i* he has greatly exp&$1 & :i* is n[ manag$ by 8 son4 ,nei!r he nor de ,cov]ly h ev] s\ght ! heavy exp5ses & responsibilities ( a l>ge und]tak+1 b h be5 cont5t ) a p]sonal bus9ess 9 :i* !y !mselves h always tak5 an active "p4 ,illu/ration3 #i4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,de ,,cov]ly4 ,,ii ,al?\gh ! *ief place to /udy bookb9d]s & _! craft is naturally ,london1 !re are sev]al prov9cial c5tres :]e x fl\ri%es1 & :]e x has be5 t\*$ by t movem5t = develop+ ! arti/ic z well z ! bus9ess side :i* we notic$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,9 l>ge c\ntry t[ns x is impossible = "w to be z mu* specializ$ z x is 9 ,london2 consequ5tly a l>ge b9d]y w d bus9ess ( a mo/ miscellane\s k9d1 embrac+ ev]y?+ f pamphlets to f9e-tool$ morocco b9d+s1 & includ+ albums1 l$g]s1 libr>y & s*ool books = prizes4 ,mr4 ,fazak]ly 9 ,liv]pool1 ,mr4 ,birdsall 9 ,nor?ampton1 & ,mr4 ,*iv]s 9 ,ba?1 all h e/abli%m5ts m or less ( ?is k9d4 ,illu/ration3 #aj4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,fazak]ly4 ,illu/ration3 #aa4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,fazak]ly4 ,mr4 ,fazak]ly 0 "o ( ! fir/ b9d]s1 c]ta9ly outside ( ,london1 :o refus$ to support ! excessive competition 9 *eapness1 & :o /ruck out a dep>tm5t 9 :i* f9e "w c\ld be execut$ at prices t 7 remun]ative & n prohibitive4 ,happily ! result ( 8 ef=ts %[s ! success ( a refusal to p&] to t desire = cutt+ prices :i* has done s mu* to ru9 ! crafts on _! arti/ic side4 ,= "s "t aft] he _h educat$ 8 workm5 to ! responsibility ( 8 new v5ture1 he f\nd t ! ta/e ( 8 cu/om]s lay t[>ds a reproduction ( old models1 b he has ( late be5 q successful 9 direct+ x on to new l9es4 ,"o feature may be not$ 9 connexion ) ! morocco "w ( ,mr4 ,fazak]ly1 namely1 t ! "u cov] is r>ely decorat$ ) ! same design z ! upp]4 ,if ! l[] cov] is left q pla91 ! effect is poor1 & sugge/s t tr\ble has be5 sp>$ on ! book z a :ole2 b !re is no reason = ! conv5tion1 almo/ univ]sally adopt$1 :]eby ! two sides are entirely alike4 ,! same tools & elem5ts ( design %\ld appe> 9 ea* cov]1 only dispos$ 9 diff]5t s*emes ( ornam5t1 & su* v>iation naturally implies m ?\ght1 ! ?\ght t avoids repetition4 ,"o ( ,mr4 ,fazak]ly's innovations 0 ! employm5t ( emboss$ lea!r1 :i* has s9ce spread to _m o!r h\ses2 & ano!r :i* he consid]s a specialty ( 8 bus9ess is ! decoration ( ! edges ( books1 bo? by means ( tool+ on !m or gauff]+1 z x is m g5]ally call$1 & also by pa9t+ und]nea? ! gold4 ,we may recall t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ?is ext5sion ( ornam5t to ! leaves ( a book 0 v preval5t1 & 0 only "o ( _m indications t ! workman sp5t ungrudg+ "t & ?\ght on ! details ( :at 0 int5d$ to be a "w ( art ?r\gh\t4#c ,"s v f9e specim5s ( gauff]$ edges may be se5 on ! works ( ,lu!r 9 sev5 folio volumes1 dat$ ,j5a #aegb-aeha1 n[ 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! volumes be+ v ?ick (f] f9e scope = ornam5t1 :i* consi/s ( ! %ield ( ,saxony pa9t$ 9 ! c5tre ( ea* =$ge1 ! re/ ( ! space be+ fill$ ) arabesques & ,r5aissance ornam5ts4 ,& !re is1 we believe1 /ill 9 ?is c\ntry "p ( ! libr>y t once belong$ to ,odonico ,pillone ( ,belluno1 compris+ "s hundr$ & =ty folios ) =$ges pa9t$ by ! h& ( ,ces>e ,vecellio1 a nephew ( ,titian4#d ,! pa9t+ ( edges 0 reviv$ 9 ,engl&1 & reappe>s 9 ?or\ghly native /yle on books ( ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,*>m+ little ,engli% l&scapes are to be f\nd on "s ( !m1 :i*1 z ! pa9t+ is done :5 ! leaves are fann$ out & held 9 t exp&$ position1 are n 9 evid5ce :5 ! book is %ut1 b :5 op5 appe> at once4 ,! "n ( ,william ,edw>ds ( ,halifax & 8 son ,james is especially associat$ ) ?is "w1 & _! books are n v r>e4 ,mr4 ,fazak]ly has done a great deal ( ?is decoration1 :i* requires c]ta9 conditions to ensure success4 ,! pa9t] mu/ be an arti/1 & ! pap] on :i* he works %\ld be r ?9 ?an ?ick2 ! mod]n fa%ion ( pr9t+ on a sort ( c>dbo>d h&icaps ! b9d] n only 9 ?is1 b o!r & f> m important ways4 ,mr4 ,fazak]ly has also made "s innovations 9 #8d\blures1' a t]m appli$ to ! inside face ( ! bo>ds :5 l9$ ) lea!r or decorative mat]ial4 ,9 ! matt] ( d\blures ! la/ ^w has n be5 said1 & !re is /ill room = exp]im5t4 ,! ,fr5* cu/om ( viol5t-col\r$ wat]$ silks or equally sali5t inlays has nev] f\nd mu* fav\r 9 ?is c\ntry2 b !re has be5 a great de>? bo? ( inv5tion & ta/e 9 deal+ ) ?is feature ( a b9d+4 ,"s ( ,zaehnsdorf's d\blures h silk ei!r ( ! same col\r z ! cov]1 or 9 h>mony ) x1 & he has tri$ ,russia lea!r ) consid]able success4 ,unsuitable z x is = ! outside cov] f its t5d5cy to rapid det]ioration1 x makes a v good bo>d l9+1 & c be employ$ z well = ! flyleaf opposite2 inde$1 x is bett] :]e possible t d\blure & flyleaf %\ld be ! same4 ,x is ) calf t ,mr4 ,fazak]ly has made 8 innovation1 & :5 delicately t9t$ & incis$1 b n emboss$1 ! results seem pleasant & appropriate4 ,on books relat+ to ,japan1 ! numb] ( :i* is l>gely on ! increase1 "s ( ! col\r$ ,japanese emboss$ pap]s make excell5t d\blures4 ,be=e dismiss+ ?is subject1 we may m5tion ! attempt ( ,mr4 ,bagguley1 a b9d] at ,newca/le-"u-,lyme1 to tool on vellum 9 col\r4 ,"s ( ?is "w1 design$ by ,lon ,solon & ,miss ,talbot1 is v delicate & attractive2 s delicate1 9 fact1 t x is only suitable = ! inside ( a book4 ,8 patt]ns are compos$ *iefly ( g\ge & l9e "w1 z no effect ( solid mass c be app>5tly got 9 ! col\r1 & ! effect is enhanc$ by dots & o!r small tools work$ 9 gold4 ,! excessively detail$ nature ( ?is "w1 :i* is made up ( #8tools' small & light 9 "*1 heavi] dies n be+ suitable = ! /amp+ ( col\r1 r5d] x co/ly ( execution1 b !re is no d\bt t its occasional use (f]s a desirable v>iation on ! ord9>y inside l9+4 ,x is difficult to close ?is subject )\t a few words 9 condemnation ( ! col\r$ pap]s us$ by mo/ b9d]s = ord9>y "w :i* does n admit ( any?+ m elaborate4 ,x is "t !y gave up ! ,g]man m>bl$ patt]ns1 ! ,fr5* #8combs1' & ev5 ! _s m>bles :i* produce ! effect ( viol5t col\r ?r[n on wet blott+-pap] & appe> to be ! late/ fa%ion ( mon/rosity 9 su* ?+s4 ,good :ite h&made pap]s or vellum pap]s are ! mo/ suitable1 :ile if col\r$ ones are deem$ ess5tial1 ! ,fr5* & ,van ,geld] crayon pap]s ton+ h>moni\sly ) ! morocco are n likely to be an (f5ce4 ,illu/ration3 #ab4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,*iv]s4 ,illu/ration3 #ac4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,*iv]s4 ,! bus9ess ( ,messrs4 ,birdsall at ,nor?ampton takes u to ano!r c5tre ( prov9cial activity 9 b9d+1 & x has an especial int]e/ 9 be+ "o ( ! olde/ bookb9d+ bus9esses 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x has be5 9 ! h&s ( ! pres5t proprietors' family well ov] a hundr$ ye>s1 & has a connect$ hi/ory s9ce #ageg1 :5 ,john ,lacy1 a bank] ( ,nor?ampton1 acquir$ x & associat$ ) x a booksell+ bus9ess :i* he _h also 9 ! t[n4 ,on giv+ up "w 9 #agib he sold bo? to ,william ,birdsall1 a ,york%ireman by bir?1 :o _h settl$ !re1 & 9 ?is family x has rema9$ ev] s9ce4 ,we spoke be=e ( ! v>i$ nature ( ! "w c>ri$ out by c\ntry b9d]s1 & on ,messrs4 ,birdsall's premises we f9d a dep>tm5t ( manufactur+ /ation]y1 ano!r = ! :olesale pap] trade1 a ?ird = comm]cial b9d+s 9 :i* are includ$ c]ta9 special regi/]$ b9d+s pat5t$ = s]ial "w1 su* z ! #8,/ronghold' & #8,biblia =tis1' suitable = free libr>ies :]e ! usage is r\gh & con/ant1 & la/ly1 "o set ap>t = highly f9i%$ lea!r & vellum books4 ,! works are always kept 9 ! highe/ /ate ( effici5cy1 & ! workm5 are enc\rag$ to excel 9 skill$ & consci5ti\s "w4 ,_m ( ^! h pass$ a lifetime !re1 & ?\gh ! bus9ess is n ( a co-op]ative "*1 a bonus is di/ribut$ to ! old] & m effici5t work]s at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,illu/ration3 #ad4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,mr4 ,*iv]s1 ( ,ba?1 has br\ght an unusual am\nt ( orig9ality & en?usiasm into ! s]vice ( 8 craft4 ,8 fa!r 0 a b9d] !re be=e him1 & ! son1 aft] work+ ) ,*atela9 9 ,london1 decid$ to settle 9 8 native t[n4 ,= "s "t 8 specialty 0 a b9d+ = public libr>ies pat5t$ "u ! "n ( #8,duro-flexile1' & ?is1 toge!r ) o!r libr>y appliances1 br\ght him a connexion ) libr>ians all ov] ! c\ntry :o 7 occupi$ ) ! problems pres5t$ by ! p>ticul> nature ( _! "w4 ,he has br\ght consid]able inv5tion to be> ^u ^! problems1 & 9 c]ta9 cases x is n likely t a m satisfactory solution w be f\nd ?an t :i* he has introduc$4 ,besides ^! practical matt]s he has made c]ta9 /yles ( decorat+ book cov]s especially 8 own1 & "o ( ^! he has develop$ ) consid]able success4 ,?is consi/s 9 a s*eme :]eby designs are pa9t$ on pap] & !n cov]$ ) transp>5t vellum1 s t !re is no limit to ! col\r effect t may be produc$4 ,we h already m5tion$ ,james ,edw>ds1 ( ,halifax1 :o settl$ 9 #aghd z a booksell] 9 ,pall ,mall1 & ^: love ( books caus$ him to direct 8 c(f9 to be made f ! %elves ( 8 libr>ies4 ,9 #aghe he took out a pat5t #8= embelli%+ books b\nd 9 vellum & mak+ draw+s on ! vellum :i* are n liable to be defac$ by de/roy+ ! vellum itself4' ,! description fur!r conta9$ 9 ! pat5t has nev] be5 f\nd possible ( imitation1 :i* may or may n h be5 int5tional on 8 "p4 ,! ,briti% ,museum %[s a ,pray]-,book b\nd by him 9 ?is /yle = ,que5 ,*>lotte1 wife ( ,george ,,iii41 :i* has likewise a =$ge pa9t+ b5ea? ! gold4 ,8 patt]ns 7 frequ5tly ,etruscan 9 "*2 b z 8 range ( decoration 0 limit$ & ! vellum he us$ insuffici5tly transp>5t1 8 books are only ( mod]ate int]e/4 ,mr4 ,*iv]s' plan is a mu* simpl] "o1 & if ! designs are giv5 into ! h&s ( arti/s1 v orig9al results c be obta9$4 ,! ,fr5* h "o b9d]--,m4 ,c>ayon--:o is fam$ = a class ( book cov] t gives some?+ ( ! same effect4 ,! be/-kn[n pa9t]s bo? 9 wat] col\rs & black & :ite are employ$ to decorate ! :ite vellum t clo!s s sumptu\sly ! f9ely illu/rat$ books t 8 c\ntrym5 admire s mu*4 ,^! w1 h[ev]1 /& no usage ( any k9d1 & c only be kept 9 cases c>efully made = _! protection4 ,! velluc5t "w ( ,mr4 ,*iv]s be+ b5ea? ! vellum runs no risk ( det]ioration & c /& ev5 m ?an ! usual we> & te>4 ,sometimes x appe>s z if ! col\rs *os5 7 too /rong1 produc+ 9 "s cases r ! effect ( ! highly col\r$ supplem5ts t appe> at ,*ri/mas 9 our illu/rat$ pap]s2 b t1 ( c\rse1 is n a criticism t belongs to ! me?od1 b is r a c\nsel ( p]fection = a m delicate application ( t me?od4 ,! desire = col\r has appe>$ con/antly 9 ! hi/ory ( bookb9d+4 ,we see x fir/ 9 ! ,v5etian books brilliantly pa9t$ 9 lacqu] 9 ! ,p]sian & ,s>ac5ic /yle tak5 f ,arabian manuscripts1 !n 9 ! /rapwork col\r$ ) a v>ni%$ incru/ation l enamel1 ! be/ ( :i*1 ,fr5* & ,italian1 is f\nd ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is me?od has prov$ v p]i%able1 & has nev] be5 reviv$4 ,lat] on we get ! inlay+ ( col\r$ lea!rs1 :i* rea*$ its mo/ int]e/+ developm5t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & has reta9$ its hold on public ta/e ev] s9ce4 ,! e>li] pa9t$ /rapwork 0 freely copi$ 9 mosaics ( lea!r2 & :5 we come to deal ) pres5t-day ,fr5* b9d+s1 we %all see ! new /yle ( inlaid decoration to :i* ^! h giv5 place4 ,! velluc5t me?od ( ,mr4 ,*iv]s is full ( delightful possibilities if conf9$ to books to :i* x is suit$1 & :5 employ$ 9 a r l[] col\r s*eme z sugge/$4 ,nor is x necess>y = ! :ole cov] to be ( vellum1 = x is possible to introduce a panel only ( ! transp>5t mat]ial ov] a picture1 & to incorporate ?is 9 ! morocco1 giv+ ! effect ( an enri*m5t ( enamel4 ,ano!r /yle :i* ,mr4 ,*iv]s has done mu* to popul>ise is calf1 emboss$ & incis$ & sometimes col\r$ by h&4 ,9 ?is1 z = ! velluc5t b9d+s1 he draws freely ^u outside tal5t4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,granville-,f5n is g5]al arti/ic advis]1 & ,miss ,alice ,%eph]d & ,mr4 ,s4 ,poole h long be5 associat$ ) him 9 ! execution ( ?is "w4#e ,"s ( ! #8cuir cisel' t has come d[n to u f ! pa/1 & :i* orig9at$ 9 ,g]many1 is v f9e 9 "*1 z any "o c see :o /udies "s excell5t examples expos$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re seems no reason :y x %\ld n h a satisfactory revival2 9 ,france1 inde$1 ?is has already tak5 place1 z we %all see lat] on1 b 9 ,engl& !re is /ill too mu* #8prett9ess' associat$ ) x1 & "o is apt to ?9k x m suitable = c>d-cases & blott+-cases ?an = b9d+s4 ,:at results x c yield :5 ! design is sev]e & dignifi$ & ! treatm5t f9ely *isell$ may be obs]v$ on ! ,pan!ologia by ,ra9esius de ,pisa1 a folio dat$ ab\t #adge1 "o ( ! ,museum books j m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 #ae4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,illu/ration3 #af4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,! la/ illu/rations 9 ?is *apt] %[ "w f ! b9d+ dep>tm5t ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press4 ,! ,press itself1 locat$ 9 special build+s 9 ,ox=d built 9 #ahcj1 is divid$ into two p>ts1 "o devot$ *iefly to ! pr9t+ ( ,bibles & ,pray]-,books1 ! o!r to classical1 sci5tific & g5]al pr9t+4 ,x is entirely self-conta9$1 mak+ its own pap]1 ink1 type1 /]eo- & electro-plates4 ,! ,univ]sity type f\ndry is ! olde/ 9 ,engl&1 & at ! pap] mills at ,wolv]cote1 ne> ,ox=d1 ! fam\s ,india pap] is made :i* has br\ght v great *anges into ! book trade4 ,! publi%+ & b9d+ h\se1 lately at ,am5 ,corn] 9 ! ,city1 is n[ at ,/4 ,dun/an's ,h\se1 ,fett] ,lane1 & ?i!r are s5t all ! books f ! ,press z soon z pr9t$4 ,9 ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #aijj ! ,press %[$ a consid]able numb] ( decorat$ b9d+s 9 addition to ! exhibits f ! o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,! ,ox=d ,press designs are v v>i$ 9 "* & include "s excell5t inlays2 !y are made by ! m arti/ic among ! workm51 & speak highly = ! level ( ta/e atta9$ 9 ! b9d]y4 ,illu/ration3 #ag4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,! ,,guild ,,( ,,h&icraft4 ,,iii ,9 br++ =w>d :at may be call$ ! y\ng] g5]ation ( b9d]s1 x is natural to speak fir/ ( ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son z ! s\rce f :i* !y h drawn mu* ( _! inspiration4 ,8 "w1 h[ev]1 is n repres5t$ "h1 z x w\ld be disc\rte\s to g aga9/ 8 wi%es 9 ! matt]4 ,:atev] may be ! reasons = 8 *ange ( attitude 9 ?is respect1 he has 9 ! pa/ done a great deal to introduce 8 "w p]sonally to ! public & to expla9 8 me?od & ideals4 ,! pages ( ! ,briti% ,bookmak]1 a trade j\rnal no long] 9 exi/5ce1 ! ,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 ! ,=tnightly ,review1 te/ify to 8 =m] will+ness t 8 "w %\ld be kn[n & appreciat$4 ,he has also be5 "o ( ! ma9 support]s ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,society s9ce its inception 9 #ahhh1 & 8 books h be5 ! l>ge/ contribution to b9d+ 9 its occasional exhibitions4 ,!re too1 z well z at ! ,society ( ,arts & else:]e 9 ,london & ! prov9ces1 he has lectur$ on ! craft1 sett+ =? :at he conceives to be its purport bo? 9 ! limit$ matt] ( its processes & a*ievem5ts & 9 ! wid] aspect ( its relation to ! wants & progress ( society4 ,n long ago he publi%$ a book on ,indu/rial ,ideals1 :i* x is int]e/+ to comp>e ) ! collect$ pap]s by ,mr4 ,william ,morris :i* h appe>$ on t & k9dr$ subjects4 ,mr4 ,morris always held up ! ideal ( ! ,middle ,ages z ! goal t[>ds :i* to /rive4 ,x 0 a "t1 he consid]$1 :5 ! processes or means by :i* life is liv$ con/itut$ ! end ( life itself1 )\t seek+ = "s o!r end ext]nal to !m & (t5 incompatible ) !m4 ,?is idea ( #8art be+ ! highe/ function ( life' 0 ! gospel to :i* he nev] ceas$ to direct ! att5tion ( 8 foll[]s1 & ! next /ep--! attempt$ re-organization ( life into conditions t enable art to realize itself--?us foll[$ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,z a prote/ aga9/ ! me*anical exploitation ( ! arts = ! sake ( comm]cial success 9 its wor/ s5se1 & ) ! att5dant evils ( excessive competition1 su* a cre$ is mo/ valuable1 & has already _h an important effect on ! decorative arts :i* we tru/ may be p]man5t4 ,b x w\ld seem mi/ak5 9 !ory & impossible ( practice to attempt a rev]sion to m$iaeval ideals ) ! :olly alt]$ conditions ( production1 di/ribution & mode ( liv+ t are n[ "p & p>cel ( mod]n life4 ,a crusade aga9/ ! exi/+ conditions 9 :i* works ( art are produc$ mu/1 "o w\ld ?9k1 if its criticism is to be op]ative1 f9d "s way ( includ+ 9 its s*eme ( reg5]ation ! great movem5ts ( comm]cial life :i* is "o ( ! features ( ! age1 & :i* ev5 ! mo/ optimi/ic c\ld h>dly hope to /em4 ,"h & !re an individual may a*ieve a c>e] some:at 9 accordance ) m$iaeval ways1 cont5t ) ! limitations impos$ by ?is ideal2 b except 9 su* isolat$ in/ances x does n seem possible to return to ! practice ( ! pa/1 :51 z ,mr4 ,le?aby says1 #8! design] ( a gold cup made x & sold x ov] ! c\nt]1 & ! art 0 ?r[n 9 l a ,*ri/mas almanack4' ,"h comes 9 ! problem m5tion$ 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,if1 on ! "o h&1 !re is too mu* t5d5cy = ! design] to be occupi$ only 9 plann+ ornam5t = o!rs to execute ) ! result t a c]ta9 inevitabl5ess is ne>ly always want+ 9 ! f9i%$ product1 yet x may be bett] = a skill$ workman to c>ry out ! views ( an arti/ r ?an try & evolve v>iants f a few types set be=e him4 ,9 ! frequ5t advocacy ( a revival ( pa/ conditions :i* w\ld b5efit ! workman1 !re is "o po9t t seems always left unnotic$--a po9t ( great importance2 & t is ! /r+5t means tak5 9 ^? days to protect ! pur*as] also4 ,9 ! s*ol>ly little introduction call$ #8,art 9 ! ,ne!rl&s' :i* ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,james ,weale contribut$ to ! ,catalogue ( ! picture exhibition held at ,bruges 9 #aijb1 he gives a concise acc\nt ( ! conditions "u :i* alone a man c\ld become a pa9t] 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies2 & :at held good = pa9t+ held good also = ! m9or arts ( life4 ,z long z ! craftsman belong$ to ! guild ( 8 craft1 he 0 b\nd by its rules to c>ry out 8 "w hone/ly & consci5ti\sly1 to use good mat]ials1 & to beautify x z f> z he 0 able4 ,! corporation arrang$ = ! education ( its memb]s4 ,!y 7 appr5tic$ to ma/]s responsible bo? = _! te*nical effici5cy & ! fulfilm5t ( _! duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,ea* 0 b\nd to ! o!r2 ! appr5tice 0 to give zeal 9 8 s]vice & ! ma/] to imp>t all he knew ( 8 trade4 ,once ! appr5tice%ip at an end1 ! y\? c\ld "w1 z :at w\ld n[ be kn[n z an #8improv]1' ) any ma/] he lik$1 & 9 any t[n t he *ose4 ,lat] on1 9 ord] to become a ma/]1 he _h to pres5t himself be=e ! heads ( ! guild & give pro(s ( effici5cy1 promise ob$i5ce to ! rules ( ! corporation1 & swe> to c>ry on 8 "w well & hone/ly4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t1 al?\gh a ma/]1 he rema9$ all 8 life "u ! control ( ! gov]n+ body ( ! corporation1 ! memb]s ( :i* c\ld ent] 8 %op at any mom5t1 seize 8 mat]ials if ( inf]ior quality1 confiscate !m1 & inflict puni%m5t ^u him4 ,la/ly1 9 disputes betwe5 himself & 8 cli5ts ! guild 0 call$ 9 to decide betwe5 !m4 ,we c imag9e no condition less 9 t\* ) ! s*emes ( mod]n & social democracy1 :i* s (t5 deal exclusively ) ! ne$s ( ! work] & neglect ^? bo? ( ! employ] & ! consum]4 ,illu/ration3 #ah4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell4 ,illu/ration3 #ai4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell4 ,illu/ration3 #bj4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe4 ,9 connexion ) ?is topic1 m5tion %\ld be made ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,a%bee's exp]im5t ) ! ,guild & ,s*ool ( ,h&icraft4 ,x began its exi/5ce at ,essex ,h\se 9 ,ea/ ,london1 &1 aft] f\rte5 ye>s1 9 ,may #aijb1 remov$ to ,*ipp+ ,campd51 a small ,cotswold village :]e ! wool trade fl\ri%$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages & ! silk trade 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! aim ( ! ,guild is set =? 9 a little pamphlet1 di/ribut$ to visitors at ! ,d]+ ,y>d ,gall]y1 #fg;,a ,new ,bond ,/reet1 :]e ! "w ( ! s*ool is annually exhibit$4 ,x ne$ only be said "h t its object is to set a high] /&>d ( craftsman%ip by lib]at+ ! workman f ! re/rictions ( ! trade %op1 & direct+ 8 indep5d5ce away f purely individuali/ic ef=ts on to l9es ( art s]vice to ! community1 & t x is conduct$ co-op]atively1 ! m5 hav+ an int]e/ & a %>e 9 ! conc]n & its gov]nm5t4 ,:ile recogniz+ ! importance ( :at a man does & ! conditions "u :i* he does x1 bo? to himself z a citiz5 & to ! community = :i* he lab\rs1 ! ,guild endeav\rs to /rike a mean betwe5 ! socialism t c>es only = ! work] & ! comm]cialism t disreg>ds him & 8 ideali/ic z well z mat]ial ne$s4 ,! "w c>ri$ out at ,*ipp+ ,campd5 is v v>i\s1 & includes furniture1 metal "w1 jewell]y1 pr9t+ & b9d+4 ,aft] ,mr4 ,morris's dea?1 ,mr4 ,a%bee acquir$ ! plant hi!rto 9 use at ! ,kelmscott ,press1 & began a s]ies ( books1 fir/ 9 a ,caxton type & lat] f a f\nt ( 8 own design4 ,b9d+ foll[$ almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse on ^! issues f ! ,essex ,h\se ,press2 & 9 connexion ) x1 besides ! ord9>y pla9-tool$ lea!r b9d+s1 excell5t 9 re/ra9$ ornam5t1 he has reviv$ c]ta9 fifte5?-c5tury /yles = :i* he has a special pr$ilection1 & :i* include ! use ( enamels & wood5 bo>ds1 ! latt] (t5 c>v$ 9 l[ relief4 ,! b9d+s1 ?\gh design$ = ! mo/ "p by ,mr4 ,a%bee1 are c>ri$ out by ,miss ,p[]1 :o is 9 ! ma9 responsible = !m4 ,^! books raise aga9 ! "q :e!r su* deviations f ! ord9>y pa?s are legitimate attempts to enl>ge ! limitations ( ! b9d]'s art4 ,! ultimate s]viceable use ( a book %\ld ev] be kept 9 sight1 & mu/ 9 ! end det]m9e ! matt]4 ,lea!r & vellum1 tool$ ) a few f9e /amps1 dispos$ ) ta/e & re/ra9t1 w always rema9 ! be/ cov]+s = books1 because !y are unobtrusive & c be pleasantly h&l$ & easily dispos$4 ,"w t is emboss$1 enamell$1 c>v$1 or ev5 too decorative 9 col\r = unlimit$ production1 c only be desir$ z occasional specim5s ( int]e/ 9 !mselves1 & z exceptions prov+ ! rule4 ,illu/ration3 #ba4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,de ,,sauty4 ,illu/ration3 #bb4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,de ,,sauty4 ,mr4 ,d\glas ,cock]ell1 a pupil ( ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 has writt5 ! fir/ ( a new s]ies ( te*nical h&books on ! arti/ic crafts :i* is a model ( ! k9d & %\ld prove ! text-book = all future b9d]s4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 ! outcome ( "s ye>s' tea*+ at ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,s*ool 9 ,reg5t ,/reet1 :]e1 = _m ye>s1 he did excell5t "w 9 tra9+ ! y\ng] m5 to an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! v>i\s processes ( _! craft4 ,no craft c be well le>n$ any:]e b 9 a practical work%op2 & he consid]s ! value ( class tea*+ to be limit$ to help+ ^? engag$ 9 a trade1 & t su* help is ( great value 9 giv+ high] ideals & enc\rag+ exp]im5tal "w4 ,f ! beg9n+ ,mr4 ,cock]ell has be5 specially int]e/$ 9 ! repair+ ( books & 9 ! pres]vation ( old cov]s1 & has giv5 8 pupils "s tra9+ 9 all t relates to ! c>e ( books4 ,!re are numb]s ( old b9d+s t aft] f\r hundr$ ye>s ( we> & te> are /ill capable ( fulfill+ _! orig9al purpose ( protection1 ) a little help f mod]n h&s4 ,to give a new lease ( life to f9e old books is really ( f> great] importance ?an ! cont9ual production ( new & pretty b9d+s4 ,mr4 ,cock]ell's orig9al "w is well kn[n bo? "h & 9 ,am]ica1 & !re is luckily a great deal ( x t is simple z well z highly decorat$4 ,x is comp>atively easy to d ! latt]2 b a pla9 b9d+ t yet has ! /amp ( ! mak]'s individuality is a v exceptional a*ievem5t1 & 9 "w ( t "* ,mr4 ,cock]ell is unsurpass$4 ,illu/ration3 #bc4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,miss ,,adams4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,sangorski & ,mr4 ,g4 ,sutcliffe1 :o 7 =m]ly ) ,mr4 ,cock]ell1 h />t$ a b9d]y ( _! own1 & are engag$ bo? 9 tea*+ & do+ v>i$ "w ( a pleasant "*4 ,tra9$ 9 ! me?ods ( ,mr4 ,cock]ell at ! ,te*nical ,s*ool at #caf ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,mr4 ,sutcliffe n[ controls ! tea*+ = ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil at its bran* e/abli%m5t 9 ,camb]well1 & ,mr4 ,sangorski t ( ! ,nor?ampton ,in/itute 9 ,cl]k5well4 ,mr4 de ,sauty is ano!r "y b9d]1 & 8 "w is ( consid]able m]it4 ,8 inlays are di/+ui%$ = ! ta/e %[n 9 ! association ( col\rs1 & 8 f9i%+ has "s ( ! brilliant qualities ( ! ,fr5* s*ool1 se5 p>ticul>ly 9 ! f9ely /udd$ tool+ ( :i* he seems p>ticul>ly fond4 ,he has n[ ! po/ =m]ly held by ,mr4 ,cock]ell4 ,illu/ration3 #bd4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,miss ,,maccoll4 ,illu/ration3 #be4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,miss ,,alice ,,patt9son4 ,9 conclud+ ?is sket* ( ,bookb9d+ 9 ,engl& z x appe>s to-day1 we mu/ n omit to speak ( ! entrance rec5tly effect$ by wom5 9 _m ( ! h&icrafts1 & notably 9 ! "o "u consid]ation4 ,q a numb] are n[ try+ to make a livelihood out ( bookb9d+2 & possibly1 !re=e1 a few words less ( criticism ?an ( c\nsel may n come amiss4 ,x may be said t !re are c]ta9 conditions absolutely necess>y = successful a*ievem5t1 q ap>t f f9ancial ga91 :i* is ano!r matt]4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is a work%op tra9+1 :i*1 ?\gh impossible "s ye>s ago1 is n[ no long] s )9 c]ta9 limits2 t is to say1 !re are "o or two b9d]s ) small work%ops :o und]take to give wom5 sy/ematic tea*+ = a limit$ "t4 ,9 a work%op !y w see a v>iety ( "w t !y w miss if taught privately1 & !y w le>n ! habit ( rapid & dext]\s manipulation ( tools & mat]ials )\t :i* x is impossible to "w quickly en\gh = a pr(itable return ^u ! outlay4 ,a second mo/ necess>y qualification is t !y %\ld h ! physique = /&+ & work+ at a b5* dur+ ! h\rs ( an ord9>y work+ day4 ,= b9d+ is n l o!r less specializ$ crafts t c be tak5 up at odd h\rs & laid aside ) equal facility1 b ne$s conc5tration ( m9d z well z sur5ess ( h&4 ,a ?ird elem5t 9 ! desirable equipm5t is a c]ta9 faculty ( imag9ation controll$ by "r feel+ or good ta/e1 s t ! results ( workman%ip h ! note ( individuality )\t ecc5tricity4 ,9 art z 9 life1 p]sonality is ! "o ?+ ne$ful1 & we may fairly look to wom5 to %[ ! realization ( x t c h>dly be expect$ f ^? work+ 9 ! /]eotyp$ grooves ( production4 ,illu/ration3 #bf4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,miss ,,maude ,,na?an4 ,& :at is to be said ( b9d+ z a means ( livelihood8 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t prop]ly tra9$ wom5 c d z good b9d+ z m51 ?\gh n ^u l>ge & heavy "w1 & if !y d x well en\gh "s ( !m c e>n a fair wage1 :ile if !y fail to rea* a high /&>d !y _h bett] = all practical purposes let x alone4 ,b to hold out any inducem5t to ! woman :o really ne$s bread-&-butt] to take up b9d+ z a lucrative employm5t1 z is done 9 "s qu>t]s1 %\ld be *>act]iz$ ) ! sev]ity x des]ves4 ,_m wom5 ne$ b an addition to _! income1 & to su*1 if !y are will+ to incur ! exp5se ( tra9+ & plant1 & if !y realize ! exp]im5tal nature ( ! und]tak+1 b9d+ may be recomm5d$ z a suffici5tly pleasant occupation4 ,:e!r f9ancial success comes1 h[ev]1 or n1 mu/ dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( "w turn$ out1 on ! orig9ality & f9i% ) :i* x is execut$1 & la/1 b n lea/ 9 importance1 on ! f9d+ ( a m>ket4 ,booksell]s are n[ s ov]/ock$ ) s-call$ arti/ic b9d+s ( mod]ate m]it1 & x may also be said ( mod]ate price1 t !y are n eag] to accept ^? ( av]age quality at ! m ?an av]age price t _m wom5 expect _! "w to comm&4 ,a m>ket c always be f\nd = ! be/ ( ev]y?+2 b z f> z b9d+s are conc]n$ x is c]ta9ly at pres5t ov]/ock$ ) ! second be/1 & att5tion may well be direct$ to o!r bran*es ( decorative "w4 ,!re are m ?an en\gh half-tra9$ work]s1 bo? male & female2 & x w\ld be a mo/ undesirable result ( :at 9 itself is s em95tly desirable--! op5+ ( ! arti/ic crafts to wom5--if !re 7 to be a great deal ( inf]ior "w put into circulation obvi\sly f ! h&s ( ^? :o h nev] left ! amateur /age4 ,wom5 make a mi/ake1 too1 9 specializ+ 9 ! production ( decorat$ b9d+s4 ,x is no d\bt a "r pr9ciple to take ! ev]yday ?+s ( life & decorate !m r ?an inv5t useless ones = ! purpose4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 ?is disadvantage1 t x has n[ become almo/ impossible to get any ( ^! homely ?+s made ) ! sev]e simplicity ( m]e purposefulness4 ,if "o does n want ! useless ?+s1 at lea/ "o ne$ n buy !m2 b x seems h>d t ! necess>y ones %\ld become ! corpora vile on :i* ! pr(ess$ decorator ex]cises 8 too frequ5tly disord]$ imag9ation4 ,"o is un=tunately z little likely n[adays to f9d a pla9 pepp]-pot z "o is to f9d a b\nd book on :i* !re is n "s fl[] sprawl+ ov] its cov] 9 a mean+less attempt to be ,japanese 9 s5tim5t4 ,we want to get rid ( ! affectation ( contort$ patt]n & h m ( ! pla9 ?+s ( life pla9ly made4 ,z f> z b9d+s are conc]n$1 9 addition to ?is mu*-desir$ simplicity1 !re is1 z has be5 said above1 f> m important & useful "w to be done ?an patt]n mak+1 9 ! repair+ & pres]v+ ( old books & records4 ,an in/ance ( ?is may be se5 at ! pres5t mom5t 9 an ext5sive matt] und]tak5 by ,mr4 ,cock]ell = ! ,middlesex ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,a l>ge numb] ( _! anci5t ,sessions ,books1 _m ( !m crumbl+ to pieces1 are be+ put 9 a condition = ref]5ce1 ! :ole bus9ess ( m5d+ be+ done by wom5 "u ! direction =m]ly ( ,miss ,wilk9son & n[ ( ,miss ,m#8,ewan bo? pupils ( ,mr4 ,cock]ell4 ,aga91 _m m wom5 might adv5ture />t+ a bus9ess 9 ! c\ntry or 9 a prov9cial t[n4 ,9 ,am]ica !re is h>dly a c5tre :]e !re is any int]e/ %[n 9 books :i* has n a woman b9d] :o has probably be5 tra9$ by ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son4 ,we are glad to notice t ,miss ,adams has a b9d]y at ,broadway1 t ,miss ,paget is at ,f>nham do+ good hone/ "w ( a comp>atively simple nature1 & t ,miss ,philpot has e/abli%$ h]self at ,cambridge4 ,space =bids m ?an a few illu/rations f ! "w ( wom5 b9d]s1 num]\s z !y n[ are4 ,miss ,mac,coll's books h = "s "t excit$ int]e/ bo? on acc\nt ( ! "* ( h] bro!r's designs & h] mann] ( execut+ !m by means ( a small :eel1 :i* is an attempt to ov]come ! re/rictions ( ! f9i%]'s ord9>y me?ods4 ,miss ,na?an1 ,miss ,patt9son & ,miss ,/ebb+ are all do+ well-consid]$ & ta/eful "w on s\nd pr9ciples4 ,( ^? at "w 9 ,scotl& we ne$ only m5tion ! names ( ,miss ,jessie ,k+1 ,miss ,mc,clure & ,miss ,jane ,f4 ,hamilton1 ,miss ,alice ,gairdn] & ,miss ,agnes ,watson ( ,glasg[1 z _! "w has rec5tly be5 specially dealt ) 9 a pap] by ,mr4 ,lewis ,f4 ,day4 ,illu/ration3 #bg4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,miss ,,woolri*4 ,illu/ration3 #bh4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,miss ,,philpot4 ,9 conclusion1 x is necess>y to keep 9 m9d t b9d+ is b "o ( ! sub-crafts t contribute to ! production ( books4 ,( late ea* ( ^! has pursu$ its own (t5 faulty ideals reg>dless ( its relation%ip to ! o!r contributory crafts4 ,! pap]-mak]1 ! pr9t] & ! b9d] w\ld be m likely to "w intellig5tly if !y _h "s mutual k ( ea* o!r's ne$s & limitations4 ,! habit has be5 gr[+ = "s "t ( look+ on ! b9d+ ( a book z ! mo/ important ?+ 9 connexion ) x4 ,b ! b9d] ( ! future1 if 8 "w is to be an effective contribution to decorative art1 mu/ look on ! book itself z ! unit ( int]e/1 ! ?\ght1 embodi$ 9 typography & illu/ration1 con/itut+ a :ole to :i* 9 ! decorat$ cov] he adds1 n an ess5tial "p1 b z x 7 ! cr[n or cop+-/one4 ,illu/ration3 #bi4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m>ius ,,mi*el4 ,,mod]n ,,fr5* ,,b9d+ ,i ,9 ! spr+ ( #aijb !re took place 9 ,p>is ! fir/ ( ! exhibitions to :i* ! new ,galli]a ,museum is h5ce=? to be devot$4 ,?is ,gall]y1 /ill unkn[n to a consid]able numb] ( ,engli% visitors1 0 built by ,g9a9 9 ! /yle ( ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 & is all t a small museum %\ld be4 ,its hi/ory is briefly z foll[s4 ,9 #ahgh1 ! ,du*esse de ,galli]a pres5t$ to ! ,city ( ,p>is a plot ( gr\nd situat$ 9 ! ,rue ,pi]re-,*>ron by ! ,trocad]o av5ue1 & und]took to erect ^u x a suitable build+ 9 :i* to h\se ! collection ( works ( art t %e propos$ leav+ to ! nation4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 x 0 f9i%$1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! political ev5ts t result$ 9 ! expulsion ( ! heads ( pr9cely h\ses f ,france1 ! ,du*ess _h made a w 9 :i* %e left h] pictures to h] native t[n ( ,g5oa1 only mak+ provision = ! completion ( ! ,gall]y4 ,%e di$ 9 #ahhh1 & soon aft]w>ds ,p>is f\nd h]self 9 possession ( ?is f9e museum1 surr\nd$ ) g>d5s1 & admirably appo9t$ 9 ! ar*itectural detail s well und]/ood by ! ,fr5*1 b empty ( all ! treasures x 0 to h h\s$4 ,:at 0 to become ( x8 ,! municipal c\ncil decid$ t x %\ld be devot$ to indu/rial art1 =m+ a sort ( supplem5t to ! ,c>navalet ,museum1 & ! necess>y furni%+ 0 und]tak5 ) a view to t end4 ,x 0 =mally op5$ 9 #ahie1 b = five ye>s aft] t rema9$ practically empty1 ?\gh pur*ases 7 made f successive ,salons ( diff]5t k9ds ( decorative art & dispos$ among ! vacant rooms to =m a nucleus = future acquisitions4 ,9 #aijj ! ,c\ncil1 aft] mu* delib]ation1 decid$ t ! museum %\ld be devot$ to p]iodical indu/rial exhibitions1 & ! fir/ "o1 ( a miscellane\s "*1 took place 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,its di/9ctive feature consi/$ 9 :at 0 an entirely new dep>ture = ,france1 namely1 t e craftsman sign$ 8 "w in/ead ( be+ repres5t$ only 9 ! "n ( ! firm :i* employ$ him4 ,?is idea1 to :i* we h n[ long be5 accu/om$ ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,society1 0 a v novel "o = our neighb\rs1 & is to be adopt$ h5ce=? 9 all ! ,galli]a exhibitions4 ,! initiative met ) su* und\bt$ success t ! ,g]mans proce$$ at once to />t a museum at ,mulh\se on simil> l9es4 ,! organiz+ jury ( ! ,c\ncil1 :i* includes ! =emo/ m5 ( lett]s1 arti/s & critics1 next decid$ t ! ye>ly exhibitions %\ld ea* be devot$ to a special bran* ( decorative art4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 inaugurat$ 9 ,may #ahib1 9 an admirably plann$ %[ ( mod]n b9d+s compris+ ! late/ developm5ts1 &1 x mu/ be add$1 ecc5tricities ( ornam5tal book cov]s4 ,! numb] s5t 9 necessitat$ ! l>ge/ gall]y be+ set aside = _! reception1 & 0 a te/imony to ! confid5ce felt by ! b9d]s t m]it w\ld be ! sole crit]ion4 ,& inde$1 ?\gh mu* int]e/+ "w 0 reject$1 n only 7 ! well-kn[n arti/s well repres5t$1 su* z ,mi*el1 ,m]ci]1 ,gruel1 ,ruban1 ,canape1 ,lortic1 ,c>ayon1 etc41 b room 0 f\nd = ! curi\s vellum cov]s ( ,pi]re ,ro*e & ! incis$ & modell$ lea!r ( ,lepre ) :om ,mi*el & o!rs s happily collaborate4 ,! impression made ^u ! visitor 0 at once "o ( c>eful selection & admirable disposition4 ,9 contra/ to ! wret*$ in/alm5t (f]$ by ! great ,exhibition ( #aijj1 ! "w ( e b9d] 0 se5 to ! be/ advantage1 ! eye 0 n fatigu$ by too _m %[-cases1 & ! h>mony ( surr\nd+s left no?+ to be desir$4 ,! display ( works ( art is 9 itself a /udy1 & we c\ld und\bt$ly le>n mu* f ! ,fr5* 9 ! excell5t arrangem5t ( _! gall]ies4 ,b :at a /range transition f t great room 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 :]e re/ at la/ ! classic specim5s ( "w t may )\t exagg]ation be includ$ among ! f9e arts1 to ?is mo/ mod]n ( collections6 ,:5 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale we are rem9d$ ( t exquisite sonnet ( ,hrdia-- ,illu/ration3 #cj4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m>ius ,,mi*el4 ,illu/ration3 #ca4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m>ius ,,mi*el4 ,v,,l9 ,,dor ,vieux matre relieur1 l'or que tu ciselas ,au dos du livre et dans l'paisseur de la tran*e ,n'a plus1 malgr les f]s p\sss d'une ma9 fran*e ,la rutilante ardeur de ses premi]s clats4 ,les *iffres enlacs que liait l'entrelacs ,s'effac5t *aque j\r de la peau f9e et blan*e2 ,a pe9e si mes yeux peuv5t suivre la bran*e ,de li]re que tu fis s]p5t] sur les plats4 ,mais cet ivoire s\ple et presque diaphane1 ,m>gu]ite1 ,m>ie1 ou peut-tre ,diane1 ,de leurs doigts am\reux l'ont jadis c>ess2 ,et ce vl9 pli que dora ,clovis ve voque1 je ne sais p> quel *>me pass1 ,l'me de leur p>fum et l'ombre de leur rve4 ,illu/ration3 #cb4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,l,,on ,,gruel4 ,"h 9 ! ,galli]a we realize h[ complete is ! revolution n[ f9ally effect$ by a p :o clung long & fai?fully to ! traditions ( a /yle made fam\s by ,groli] & by ! ,eves1 ,le ,gascon & ,d]me4 ,all ?r\gh ! n9ete5? c5tury ^! traditions 7 adh]$ to1 c>ri$ out by ,?\v591 ,simi] & ,cap1 by ,*ambolle1 ,duru1 ,trautz & ,cuz91 ! inspir$ copyi/s ( ! great ma/]s4 ,^! look$ on orig9ality z ! mo/ dang]\s ( innovations & a sort ( disloyalty to ! prec$5ts h&$ d[n to !m across ! ages4 ,nev]!less ! imp5d+ *ange 0 sl[ly & surely mak+ way1 fo/]$ by ,lortic & ,m>ius ,mi*el1 ! latt] ?r\gh 8 writ+s z well z 9 8 "w4 ,h5ri ,m>ius ,mi*el foll[$ 9 8 fa!r's /eps3 8 essay on ,l'ornam5tation des reliures mod]nes %[$ cle>ly ! direction tak5 by ! mod]n s*ool2 :ile ! sumptu\s book1 ,la reliure du ,,xix sicle1 by ,h5ri ,braldi1 :o is bo? a patron & collector ( di/9ction1 may be said to h giv5 f9al expression to ! movem5t z a :ole4 ,bookb9d+1 9 common ) l>g] subjects1 has its bibliography4 ,a glance ov] ! names ( ! books t relate to x publi%$ dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury %[s well en\gh h[ int]e/ has be5 displac$ f ! hi/oric s*ools to ^? :i* h initiat$ entirely new =ms ( decoration z appli$ to book cov]s4 ,if1 !n1 we are /ruck by ! contra/ betwe5 pa/ & pres5t z reg>ds ! nature ( ?is application ( art to b9d+s1 we are equally impress$ by ! contra/ betwe5 ! position ( ! b9d] !n & n[4 ,x is no wond] t ! small _w ( b9d]s & _! patrons 9 ,p>is 7 pr\d ( ! position ( hon\r assign$ to _! craft 9 #aijb4 ,!y inaugurat$ a s]ies ( exhibitions1 :i* is to include ivories1 lace1 jewell]y1 furniture--e art1 9 fact1 to :i* !re atta*es ! p]sonality t c only come f hav+ at "s "t _h z its expon5ts #8! ma/]s ( ^? :o "k4' ,ev5 s late z #ahgj ! "n ( ,trautz 0 unkn[n1 n only to ! ord9>y public1 b to su* collectors z ,eugne ,paillet & ,qu5t9 ,bau*>t1 ?\gh he _h be5 produc+ admirable "w = ?irty ye>s4 ,9 #ahgh he 0 decorat$ ) ! ,legion ( ,hon\r1 ! fir/ "t t any su* di/9ction _h be5 (f]$ to a b9d]4 ,x 0 only aft] 8 retirem5t & subsequ5t return to bus9ess at ! age ( sixty t 8 fame grew till x culm9at$ 9 a sort ( wor%ip t is inconceivable outside ( ,france4 ,n[adays ! _m means ( publicity w\ld r5d] su* a /ate ( ?+s q impossible4 ,x is an age 9 :i* e "o longs to see himself reflect$ 9 pr9t or %[-case2 & if ! workman 9 any l9e does n himself take measures = br++ 8 ef=ts to ! light1 !re is a class ^: *ief occupation x is to be ! discov]]s ( hidd5 tal5t1 & to act z middlem5 betwe5 ! produc] & ! public4 ,9 ,p>is1 b9d]s h n[ a /atus t is look$ ^u ) surprise & envy 9 ,engl&4 ,!y are /ill1 x is true1 mo/ly congregat$ on ! left bank ( ! ,se9e1 ! qu>t] :i* 0 =m]ly 9 ! p>i% ( ,sa9t-,&r-des-,arts1 & :]e _! guild _h its *ur* ( t "n1 n[ no long] 9 exi/5ce4 ,up to five-&-tw5ty ye>s ago !re 0 h>dly "o t liv$ else:]e1 & ev5 n[ x is ! exception to f9d a b9d] 9 ! m fa%ionable qu>t]4 ,"o has to climb high to rea* _! ateli]s1 inv>iably ( v mode/ dim5sions & :]e b few workm5 are employ$4 ,! ext5sive bus9esses t we "k 9 ,london h>dly exi/ 9 ,p>is1 & ,m4 ,gruel's is probably ! only "o employ+ a l>ge numb] ( h&s4 ,= ! mo/ "p two or ?ree #8=w>d]s' & ! same numb] ( #8f9i%]s' w suffice = ! ye>ly output ( a s+le work%op4 ,b to ^! ateli]s g p]sonally ! great collectors :o are weal?y patrons1 to discuss 9 detail diff]5t po9ts ( design & te*nique ) a connoisseur%ip t is res]v$ ) u = pa9t+ or sculpture4 ,to ! un/9t$ help & intellig5t appreciation af=d$ by su* a class ( amateurs is und\bt$ly due ! sup]ior position ( ! arti/ic crafts 9 ,france4 ,_m ( ! b9d+s 9 ! ,galli]a 7 a*iev$ at a co/ ( two ?\s& francs1 & o!rs = ?ree & ev5 f\r ?\s&4 ,!re are two pap]s entirely devot$ to ! craft--,la ,reliure1 :i* is ! organ ( ! ,*ambre ,syndicale1 an association ( ma/] b9d]s f\nd$ by ,m4 ,gruel2 & ,le ,relieur1 organ ( ! ,*ambre ,syndicale ,ouvrire1 :i* is ! correspond+ association = workm54 ,e ye> b9d]s c exhibit at ea* ( ! rival ,salons1 at ! ,socit des ,arti/es ,franais & ! ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts1 & ! ,galli]a ,exhibition is b ! late/ & mo/ effective ( ! special exhibitions organiz$ f "t to "t = ! exclusive display ( _! "w4 ,!re is a desire to make su* exhibitions recurr5t e t5 ye>s1 s z to get a p]iodic outlook on ! art z a :ole2 b x is unlikely t ! next few decades w %[ su* m>k$ *>act]i/ics ( diff]5ce z may be se5 by comp>ison ( ?is collection ) t ev5 ( #ahib organiz$ by ! ,c]cle de la ,librairie4 ,x may1 9 fact1 be sugge/$ t ! evolution--or revolution1 accord+ to ! po9t ( view tak5--n[ at its height1 w probably produce a reaction t[>ds t great] sobriety ( treatm5t :i* di/+ui%$ ! be/ "w ( ! pa/4 ,!re are1 inde$1 already signs t ! future ( b9d+ w n lie 9 t emancipation f all re/rictions ( =m & mat]ial :i* w\ld seem to be ! ideal ( "s4 ,precisely :at t future w be re/s l>gely1 no d\bt1 ) ! collectors1 :o are1 z has be5 indicat$1 a p[]ful body 9 ,france1 l>gely on ! increase4 ,x is !y :o1 l ,,mm4 ,braldi1 ,sp5c]1 ,bordes1 ,villebuf1 ,rog]1 ,m>x1 ,claude ,lafonta9e1 ,b>on de ,claye1 ,l\is ,b>?\1 & _m o!rs1 n only furni% b9d]s ) ! means ( giv+ full play to _! imag9ation1 b (t5 devote _! p5s ) en?usiasm to introduc+ new ef=ts to ! num]\s body ( amateurs :o look to !m = guidance 9 matt]s ( ta/e & are ready en\gh to foll[ _! initiative4 ,illu/ration3 #cc4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,l,,on ,,gruel4 ,illu/ration3 #cd4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,l,,on ,,gruel4 ,! mod]n movem5t 9 b9d+ may be said to h sprung out ( ! new =m ( book-collect+ :i* began ab\t #ahgj4 ,up to t "t ! book lov] _h conf9$ himself entirely to eighte5?-c5tury lit]ature4 ,= =ty or fifty ye>s !re _h be5 a mad ru% 9 ! sal]ooms = books ( t p]iod1 :i* 7 !n confid$ to ,?\v591 ,simi]1 or ,trautz1 :o _h ex]cis$ _! skill 9 m>vell\s imitations ( ! pa/1 ) an execution (t5 m te*nically p]fect ?an ! orig9als4 ,!re came a "t1 h[ev]1 :5 su* works 7 exhau/$--already /or$ away1 t is to say1 on ! %elves ( collectors1 ! few t occasionally appe>$ on ! m>ket be+ only to be _h at prohibitive prices4 ,book-buy]s 7 ?us fac$ ) ! problem ( :at 0 to be _! next move4 ,obvi\sly to create a new ta/e 9 books & e/abli% a fre% motive = collect+ 0 a necessity1 & a few pione]s decid$ to set ! fa%ion 9 illu/rat$ books ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,lon ,conquet1 ^: reputation z a publi%] is associat$ ) ! production ( _m f9e works1 at once rose to ! occasion1 & made a "n fir/ ) 8 editions ( ! romantics ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & !n ) orig9al editions ( contempor>y au?ors4 ,cli5ts = :om ! old ta/es _h become too r>e & co/ly an indulg5ce 7 ?us provid$ ) ! means ( gratify+ a new en?usiasm4 ,illu/ration3 #ce4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,l,,on ,,gruel4 ,illu/ration3 #cf4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,l,,on ,,gruel4 ,9 #ahgd an association sprang up ( ab\t fifty-five collectors :o call$ !mselves #8,les amis des livres1' f :i* sprang ! new dep>ture :i* has _h f>-rea*+ results 9 book production4 ,! memb]s det]m9$ t h5ce=?1 in/ead ( repr9ts f ! pa/1 !re %\ld be books specially illu/rat$ & specially produc$ 9 small editions = ! society1 ?us reviv+ ! traditions ( ! days ( ,groli] & ,de ,?\1 :5 book collectors 7 also book mak]s 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,au?ors & arti/s 7 to collaborate ) pr9t]s & publi%]s to produce ! p]fect "w4 ,9 ?is way came into exi/5ce ,eugnie ,gr&et ) ! draw+s ( ,dagnan engrav$ by ,le ,rat1 ,monsieur1 ,madame et ,bb1 illu/rat$ by ,edmond ,mor9 & _m ano!r1 to :i* ,meissoni]1 ,vi]ge & ,lepre devot$ _! be/ ef=ts4 ,illu/rat$ books h always pres5t$ a special attraction = our neighb\rs1 & ?is new /imulus gave ! mo/ surpris+ results4 ,out ( x arose1 too1 all ! excessive preoccupation ) #8/ates1' #8papi] de *9e1' #8papi] de japon1' & ! l :i* has be5 c>ri$ to a ridicul\s ext5t4 ,! cult ( r>ity 9 all su* matt]s surely rea*$ its highe/ po9t :5 s+le copies 7 specially illu/rat$ = individual collectors1 su* z ! ,fleurs du ,mal1 :i* ,paul ,gallimond _h ornam5t$ ) m>g9al notes by ,rod91 & ,les ,trois ,m\squetaires ) wat]-col\r sket*es by ,maurice ,leloir4 ,! orig9al draw+s = ,notre ,dame de ,p>is by ,luc ,olivi] ,m]son 7 b\ght = #bj1jjj francs 9 ! op5 m>ket1 :ile ^? = ,les ,trois ,m\squetaires & ,manon ,lescaut by ,maurice ,leloir fet*$ ! extravagant price ( #fj1jjj francs apiece4 ,^! facts are int]e/+ z %[+ h[ a small numb] ( g5u9e book lov]s & collectors c con/itute a real p[]1 & s f> control ! "* ( ! book m>ket t !y create a new ta/e :i* w be record$ 9 hi/ory z ! fa%ion ( ! age 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,! success ( ! #8,socit des amis des livres' & ! response ( ! editors su* z ,conquet1 ,quant91 ,te/aud1 & o!rs1 to _! initiation1 gave su* enc\ragem5t to amateurs t two new clubs 7 soon =m$1 #8,les amis des livres de ,lyon' & #8,les bibliophiles contempora9s4' ,! la/ 0 f\nd$ by ,octave ,uzanne ) a memb]%ip ( #afj1 & ceas$ to exi/ only to be re-e/abli%$ z ! #8,socit des c5t bibliophiles1' presid$ ov] by ,m4 ,eugne ,rod]igues4 ,besides all ^! associations !re grew up a class ( lit]ature entirely devot$ to ! in/ruction ( ! amateur & ! developm5t ( 8 ta/e 9 all matt]s relat+ to books & _! b9d+s4 ,! e>li] lit]ature ( b9d+ _h be5 devot$ to reproductions ( f9e specim5s f hi/oric collections1 b n[ !re appe>$ 9 pr(usion su* books z ,l'art d'aim] les livres et de les connatre1 ,connaissances ncessaires un bibliophile1 ,les livres mod]nes qu'il convi5t d'acqurir1 ,de la reliure1 examples imit] ou rejet]1 n to m5tion mon?ly reviews su* z ,le ,livre ,mod]ne1 ,l',art et l',ide1 ,le ,livre et l',image1 & ! l4 ,groli] took ! be/ books he c\ld f9d1 & put !m into ! be/ b9d+s he c\ld f9d1 & ! motto ( ! collectors ( to-day 0 h5ce=? to be1 z ,m4 ,braldi says 9 ! "w previ\sly m5tion$1 #8le livre de son temps dans la reliure orig9ale de son temps4' ,?us out ( ! new bibliomania grew naturally ! reaction 9 b9d+ ) :i* we are n[ deal+1 & ! late/ expression ( :i* 0 se5 9 ! ,galli]a ,museum4 ,^! books ( f9e illu/rations mu/ h an appropriate decoration2 no?+ w d t has s]v$ its turn else:]e1 & e amateur /ipulates t 8 b9d+ %all be unique4 #8,d\blures1' =m]ly ! exception1 are n[ ! rule2 #8tools' are cut freely = fre% designs1 & exp5se increases ) ! initiative dem&$ ( ! b9d]1 till !re seems no limit to :at w be paid by ! en?usia/4 ,) ! crav+ = novelty !re naturally arises ! problem1 s difficult ( solution1 conc]n+ ! limitations ( mat]ial & h[ f> audacity may be risk$ 9 decoration )\t extravagance or ecc5tricity4 ,cuz91 at ! height ( 8 reputation 9 #ahhe1 0 possibly ! fir/ to leave ! grooves ( tradition & to create a /yle t he consid]$ appropriate to ! books ( ! "t4 ,x consi/$ = ! mo/ "p on ! out] cov]s ( :at ! ,fr5* call jeu de filets1 or l9e patt]ns :i* are capable ( mu* div]sity1 :ile wrea?s ( fl[]s inside took ! place ( ! lace patt]ns t _h hi!rto =m$ ! ornam5t ( #8d\blures4' ,he also adopt$ emblematic designs1 b ^! 7 exce$+ly mod]ate 9 _! symbolism4 ,m>ius ,mi*el1 too1 devot$ himself to ! rese>* = fre% motives ( decoration4 ,9 #ahhi1 :5 eighte5 ye>s ( age1 he _h gone into ,gruel's ateli] & rapidly became a gild] ( consummate ta/e & skill4 ,t5 ye>s lat] he set up = himself z a f9i%]1 work+ = ,duru1 ,cap1 ,*ambolle1 ,cuz9 & o!r b9d]s4 ,= ! next tw5ty ye>s or m 8 f9e tal5t 0 devot$ to ! reproduction ( b9d+s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 to p]fect copies ( ,groli]1 ,le ,gascon & o!rs put ^u ! books ( t "t1 :i* 7 /ill to be b\ght freely & at mod]ate price4 ,"s ( 8 be/ "w is to be se5 n[ 9 ! libr>y at ,*antilly2 = ! late ,duc d',aumale dur+ 8 exile intru/$ l>ge numb]s ( books to ,cap1 always accompani$ ) detail$ in/ructions1 & x is ^! :i* con/itute a l>ge "p ( ! eld] ,m>ius ,mi*el's title to fame4 ,illu/ration3 #cg4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m]ci]4 ,,ii ,9 #ahff ,h5ri ,m>ius ,mi*el1 ?\gh only tw5ty ye>s ( age1 _h tak5 an important position 9 ! bus9ess1 ma9ta9+ ! traditions ( 8 fa!r ) equal ze/ & tal5t2 & t5 ye>s lat] ! ateli] became "o = b9d+ 9 all its bran*es1 a *ange :i* enabl$ ,h5ri to develop 8 in/9cts = orig9ality1 ! fir/fruits ( :i* 7 se5 9 ! incis$ & modell$ lea!r cov]s exhibit$ by him at ,l',union ,c5trale des ,arts ,dcoratifs 9 #ahha4 ,b x 0 ! days ( ! ,trautz mania2 & no collector w\ld he> ( any b9d] b ,trautz4 ,all ! old books mu/ be brok5 up to be recov]$ by him1 & ev5 b9d+s by ,bozrian 7 de/roy$ to be replac$ by ^? ( ,trautz4 ,not)/&+ 8 enorm\s output1 ! work%op 0 fill$ ) books :i* he kept ye>s )\t t\*+1 & prices cont9u$ to increase until ! ,lac>elle sale 9 #ahhh1 :5 !re 7 signs ( a *ange4 ,9 "o auction-room !re 7 #dbj ,trautz b9d+s1 9 ano!r #chj2 9 ! libr>y ( ,james de ,ro?s*ild !re 7 #bhjj items1 ( :i* #adjj 7 9 n9ete5?-c5tury b9d+1 a ?\s& ( ^! latt] be+ b\nd by ,trautz4 ,b "t br+s its rev5ges2 ! place ( ,trautz is possibly n[ z mu* bel[ 8 des]ts z x 0 !n above1 :ile ,h5ri ,m>ius ,mi*el1 ^: gifts ( inv5tion 7 long ignor$ z revolution>y1 is n[ at ! height ( 8 reputation4 ,m4 ,braldi calls him ! f9e/ b9d] s9ce ! ,r5aissance1 & !re are ^? :o say t ! idolatry ( ,trautz has giv5 place to ano!r & no less extravagant =m ( h]o wor%ip4 ,unceas+ly occupi$ ) decoration1 he gave up ! practice ( gild+ ) 8 own h&1 b has cont9u$ to execute ! ,cuir ,cisel1 :i* is "o ( ! /yles 9 :i* he fir/ a*iev$ success & 9 :i* he is und\bt$ly pa/ ma/]4 ,ano!r /yle t has be5 associat$ ) 8 "n s9ce #ahhe is t kn[n z le flore /ylis1 9 :i* fl[] motives are v slightly conv5tionaliz$1 b ) a c]ta9 individuality t makes 8 "w unmi/akable1 not)/&+ ! numb] ( 8 imitators4 ,mod]n ,fr5* designs ( ?is type are n ne>ly en\gh conv5tionaliz$ = our ,engli% ta/e1 :]e a frankly reali/ic treatm5t ( natural gr[?s has always be5 consid]$ uns\nd4 ,illu/ration3 #ch4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m]ci]4 ,) ! dea? ( ,trautz & ! rise ( ! new book-collect+ _h come ! mom5t = a revolution 9 b9d+1 & ,h5ri ,m>ius ,mi*el 0 quickly foll[$ by o!rs4 ,he _h1 9 fact1 set ! ball roll+1 & brok5 ) ! long-kept traditions ( symmetry1 only to let loose a flood ( ecc5tric "w = :i* !re 0 little to be said1 & :i* (t5 _h n ev5 ! sav+ grace ( te*nique4 ,he at once became reaction>y1 & !re 0 a p]iod dur+ :i* he return$ to repeat$ patt]ns1 simple l9e bord]s & ! ord9>y corn] & c5tre ornam5ts1 r5d]$ ) faultless execution4 ,b ,m>ius might turn reaction>y = a "t2 ! craze = l'art n\veau1 z x 0 t]m$1 0 n to be lightly *eck$4 ,ev]y?+ 0 n[ press$ into ! s]vice = ! m]e sake ( novelty--lea!r1 wood-c>v+1 bronzes1 ivories1 enamels1 m9iatures1 all f\nd a place until a b9d+ look$ l any b :at x %\ld be1 namely1 a ?+ to be pleasant 9 ! h& & int5d$ to protect a book1 )\t ne$+ protection = itself4 ,curiosity %ops 7 ransack$ = silks & sat9s z bo>d-l9+s4 ,japan yield$ its pap]s & its emboss$ lea!rs1 fl[]s ( exotic gr[? l5t /range =ms to design1 & symbolism became rampant4 ,= a "t1 inde$1 emblematic b9d+s 7 accept$ z ! note ( ! new /yle :i* 0 to m>k ! c5tury1 & 9 ! h&s ( ! indiff]5t arti/ became a real t]ror4 ,!re is obvi\sly no su* ?+ z #8new art'--!re is simply art or !re is n1 & !re c be no real art )\t good craftsman%ip4 ,"u pretext ( inv5t+ a /yle t 0 to belong to ! c5tury1 all t 0 done 0 to p]petuate grotesqu5ess in/ead ( orig9ality & a burlesque ( ideas 9 _! application to b9d+4 ,mean:ile discussion z to ! limitations ( mat]ial naturally became fa/] & m furi\s1 :ile ! lit]ature on ! subject grew apace4 ,9 #ahif a controv]sy arose betwe5 ,gruel & ,mi*el1 ! =m] be+ support$ by ,bosquet1 a b9d] hold+ an important position 9 ! libr>y ( ,messrs4 ,ha*ette & a frequ5t writ] on 8 craft bo? 9 its hi/orical & te*nical aspects4 ,we1 = :om ! arti/ic crafts occupy a v subord9ate position1 c h>dly imag9e ! heat ( discussion t rages r\nd a subject l ?is 9 ,france4 ,! combatants at once range !mselves on opposite sides1 & ! weapons us$ are all ! res\rces ( a language pre-em95tly suit$ to satire & ridicule1 b :i* someh[ seem an arm\ry out ( place on s re/rict$ a battlefield4 ,! ,fr5*man1 h[ev]1 is nev] s happy himself1 nor1 may we say1 s ent]ta9+ to 8 neighb\rs1 z :5 8 tongue & 8 p5 are giv+ effect to ! ready wit t seems always at 8 s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 #ci4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m]ci]4 ,m4 ,gruel1 ^: ef=ts 7 direct$ t[>ds /emm+ ! tide ( ecc5tricity associat$ ) l'art n\veau1 po9t$ out ! impossibility t a new /yle %\ld spr+ up on dem&1 & recomm5d$ a return to ! /udy ( pa/ models & a gradual trans=mation ( ^! into fre% dep>tures4 ,m4 ,mi*el repli$ t a firm break ) tradition 0 necess>y 9 ord] to avoid ! con/ant repetition ( ! pa/ & ! mixture ( /yles :i* _h long be5 ! only res\rce ( ! ineffective design]4 ,x 0 necess>y1 he said1 ei!r to return to nature or to seek inspiration f o!r arts besides b9d+4 ,s ! excitem5t grew1 aid$ t same ye> by an exhibition 9 ! ,*amp de ,m>s 9 :i* b9d+s f ! s*ool ( ,nancy1 "u ! direction ( ,wi5]1 a*iev$ a notoriety :i* only fann$ ! flame4 ,^! b9d+s soon got ! nickname ( reliures d'affi*e1 & pa9t+ 0 ! art f :i* !y d]iv$ _! inspiration4 ,! book 0 n[ look$ on z a canvas on :i* to depict 9 diff]5t-col\r$ moroccos v>i\s sc5es f life or nature4 ,9 "s cases ! composition 0 n ev5 conta9$ on "o panel1 b /ray$ ov] ! back to f9i% on ! "u cov]4 ,! symboli/ s*ool ) its picture b9d+ has _h a consid]able vogue1 ?\gh n 9 ! extreme ( viol5t reproduction ( ! ,nancy s*ool4 ,mi*el 0 himself influ5c$ by x1 & bo? he & ,meuni] 7 repres5t$ 9 ?is same exhibition ) subjects 9 relief & allegorical repres5tations 9 mosaic4 ,! next developm5t 0 ! sculpture b9d+1 :i* ,mi*el di/9ctly fur!r$ by sugge/+ to ,lepre t he %\ld model a cov] = ! solit>y copy on ,japan pap] ( ,paysages ,p>isi5s1 :i* he _h n only illu/rat$1 b ! draw+s = :i* he _h also engrav$ on wood & on copp]4 ,s9ce t "t ! modell$ lea!r "w ( ,lepre has tak5 a p]man5t place among book cov]s ( ! day2 x is ma/]ly 9 conception & execution1 b w\ld be z f9e & m appropriate 9 a panel fram$ on a wall ?an on a b9d+4 ,! art ( ! lea!r work] is "o1 :e!r appli$ to ! c(f]1 ! blott]1 or ! book--x is b ! %ape & ! purpose t def9es ! appropriat5ess or inappropriat5ess ( any p>ticul> treatm5t4 ,m>ius & ,lepre repres5t ! highe/ po9t atta9$ by le cuir incis4 ,arti/s ( _! atta9m5ts are r>e1 & x is only su* arti/s :o c be tol]at$ 9 deviations f ! normal & ^: inv5tions c 9 any s5se be held to ju/ify ! result4 ,mo/ collectors cont5t !mselves ) a specim5 or two 9 _! libr>ies ( ! sculptur$ or symbolic or bejewell$ b9d+1 be x ev] s curi\s1 & turn ) satisfaction to ! m ord]$ ways ( "s modification or ano!r ( pa/ traditions4 ,illu/ration3 #dj4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m]ci]4 ,illu/ration3 #da4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,m]ci]4 ,to turn n[ f ?is brief acc\nt ( ! rec5t developm5ts ( ,fr5* b9d+ to ! ,galli]a exhibition4 ,! books %[n by ,m4 ,lon ,gruel1 :om 8 son ,paul n[ mo/ ably seconds1 71 z may be suppos$1 ( ! highe/ importance4 ,! h\se is "o ( ! olde/ 9 ,p>is1 hav+ be5 e/abli%$ 9 #ahaa by ,de=ge1 by :om ,m4 ,gruel's fa!r 0 employ$4 ,m4 ,lon ,gruel is an en?usia/ :o has all ! antiqu>ian z well z ! practical k ( b9d+ at 8 f+]s' ends4 ,he has a f9e collection ( old b9d+s & all sorts ( docum5ts relat+ to !m1 & "s ( ^! he us$ = 8 important publication 9 #ahhg1 ,manuel hi/orique et bibliographique de l'amateur de reliures1 a second in/alm5t ( :i* appe>$ 9 #aijd4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( ! bus9ess has always be5 ! production ( f9e editions ( liturgies & books ( a devotional "*1 :i* made x fam\s long ago1 & ! b9d+s ( :i* h always be5 specially design$ & c>ri$ out "u ! direction ( ,m4 ,gruel4 ,x w\ld h be5 natural en\gh _h he be5 cont5t ) ! great comm]cial success atta9$ by ! h\se1 due to ! indu/ry & bus9ess qualities ( ! direction ( successive memb]s ( 8 family4 ,b in/ead ( t1 x has be5 8 ambition to %[ t he c\ld ) equal success foll[ e turn tak5 by ! art 9 ! v>i\s directions t its rec5t evolution has dem&$4 ,! /yles associat$ ) ! names ( ,groli]1 ! ,eves1 & le ,gascon1 are reproduc$ = ^? cli5ts :o dem& !m1 :ile ! m mod]n mosaic "w1 bl9d-tool$ or ) gold1 is inv5t$ & execut$ ) equal facility4 ,"o /yle reviv$ f ! pa/1 t ( le cuir incis1 he has made especially 8 own1 & he treats x 9 an entirely diff]5t mann] to t ( ,m>ius4 ,! diff]5ce 9 proc$ure is briefly ?is3 ! incis$ lea!r ( ,m>ius is n "o ) ! b9d+1 b is a ?ick piece ( calf1 work$ fir/ by cutt+ & modell+1 & !n introduc$ z a panel sunk into ! cov]4 ,9 ,gruel's me?od ! cov] is ! unit on :i* ! design is modell$ :ile damp1 !n col\r$1 & f9ally h>d5$4 ,to succe$ 9 ?is te*nique ne$s great delicacy ( h&l+ & a con/ant practice 9 its me?ods4 ,x gives pl5ty ( scope = emblematic treatm5t1 :i*1 9 ! h&s ( ,rossigneux1 :o design$ mu* ( ?is "w 9 =m] days = ,gruel1 0 ( great arti/ic m]it3 at ! pres5t "t x is execut$ ma9ly by a son ( ,m4 ,bosquet1 already spok5 ( z an important writ] on ! critical & te*nical aspects ( :at is also 8 own craft4 ,rossigneux 0 an ar*itect & design] ( surpris+ tal5t1 :o did n hesitate to le>n ! te*nicalities ( b9d+ t he might devote himself to ! decoration ( book cov]s1 n only 9 lea!r b 9 c>v$ wood1 = :i* he 0 especially fam\s4 ,m4 ,lon ,gruel is ! ma/] ( a l>ge work%op to :i* 8 m5 are pr\d to belong4 ,z ,presid5t ( ! ,*ambre ,syndicate he has r5d]$ important s]vices1 freely ackn[l$g$1 9 an insi/5ce on s\nd tea*+ & a wise enc\ragem5t ( ! com+ g5]ation ( b9d]s4 ,! v>iety ( 8 a*ievem5t is a con/ant surprise ev5 to ^? :o "k 8 v]satility1 = at ea* successive exhibition he seems able to add fre% laurels to ^? :i* h always surr\nd$ ! "n ( 8 h\se4 ,illu/ration3 #db4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,ruban4 mile ,m]ci] has ! reputation ( be+ ! f9e/ gild] 9 ,p>is--l'arti/e impeccable1 z 8 fell[s call him--& he is p]haps ! "o man 9 :om !y & ! public recognize ! *ief expon5t ( ! be/ traditions )\t be+ 9 any s5se a s]vile imitator ( ! pa/4 ,8 individuality is a sympa!tic "o to all1 & ev5 9 t little _w ( ke5 opposition & p]sonal jeal\sy he _c c\nt a s+le enemy4 ,he took ov] ! ateli] ( ,cuz9 9 #ahij1 at ! age ( ?irty-six1 on ! dea? ( 8 *ief1 ) :om 8 relations _h long be5 ( ! happie/ k9d1 & = ^: cli5ts he _h execut$ all ! f9e designs associat$ ) ! "n ( ,cuz94 ,!re is an imm5se diff]5ce 9 ! m]e te*nique ( #8tool+1' or gild+ z x is always call$ abroad--a diff]5ce almo/ impossible to put into words1 b :i* is none ! less visible to ! eye = su* di/9ctions4 ,no ,fr5* gild+ c\ld possibly be mi/ak5 = ,engli%1 & ! rev]se is also true4 ,b ev5 among ,fr5* gild]s1 :]e ! me?od prevails ( labori\s & pati5t b absolutely c]ta9 rework+ ( ! tools 9 impressions previ\sly made1 ,m]ci] /&s out z pre-em95t4 ,8 "w has a vig\r & sur5ess ( h&l+1 8 gild+ a brilliancy & solidity z well z elegance ( appe>ance t are beyond criticism4 ,?\gh he himself works z h>d z ev]1 he has already br\ght up 9 8 work%op sev]al "y f9i%]s ( great m]it1 among :om ,maylo5d] is m5tion$ z already ( f9e p]=mance z well z ( future promise4 ,cont5t to quietly excel1 ,m]ci] has rais$ no opposition by any manife/o1 & 8 position ( fir/ rank is accept$ by all )\t hesitation z to its ju/ice4 ,ptrus ,ruban1 born at ,villefran*e 9 #ahea1 seem$ = "s "t undecid$ z to :e!r he %\ld jo9 ! ranks ( ! traditional or ! revolution>y b9d]s4 ,he 0 at fir/ obvi\sly inspir$ by ! new] decorative attempts ( ,h5ri ,m>ius ,mi*el1 b has rec5tly left ! circle ( innovators = ! m re/rict$ ranks ( ! relieurs-doreurs1 ( :om ,m]ci] is ! head4 ,nev]!less ,m4 ,ruban's p[] ( inv5tion has enabl$ him to produce "s rem>kably f9e #8bl9d-tool$' mosaics1 9 :i* /rik+ effects ( col\r h be5 manag$ )\t a sacrifice ( ta/e4 ,! f9i% ( 8 craftsman%ip is und\bt$3 no "o has f9] ma/]y ov] tools & lea!r1 & a faultless treatm5t ( exquisite mat]ial di/+ui%es ev]y?+ he turns out4 ,x may seem z if too mu* /ress is laid ^u ?is p]fection ( execution :i* *>act]ises ,fr5* "w 9 a way t is unkn[n to our craftsm54 ,& x is true t x too (t5 proves a sn>e1 giv+ an occasion = mak+ difficulties m]ely to %[ h[ !y c be triumph$ ov]4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is a matt] 9 :i* we 9 ,engl& are all too neglig5t4 ,! insi/5ce ( late on ! comp>ative unimportance ( te*nique 9 relation to orig9ality ( inv5tion has be5 disa/r\s1 & ! ,arts & ,crafts ,society has1 if we may v5ture to say s1 giv5 f> too mu* enc\ragem5t to t po9t ( view4 ,!re h be5 b9d+s %[n !re :i* 7 defective 9 ! v elem5ts ( s\nd #8=w>d+'--9 ! f9i% t comes ( an effective corps d'ouvrage1 & t %\ld nev] h be5 admitt$ into an exhibition suppos$ to be especially selective4 ,x may be truly said t no?+ is a "w ( art unless x atta9s to a fairly p]fect te*nique1 ev5 ?\gh ! decorative conception may be ( consid]able value4 ,illu/ration3 #dc4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,ruban4 ,illu/ration3 #dd4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,ruban4 ,*>les ,meuni]1 born 9 #ahff1 s]v$ a %ort b en]getic appr5tice%ip to ,m>ius ,mi*el1 & !n at ! age ( tw5ty decid$ to />t = himself4 ,ke5 to succe$ & make a place among ! =emo/ b9d]s ( ,p>is1 he work$ ) a re/less & unceas+ ef=t t might well h prov$ disa/r\s to 8 c>e]4 ,! increas+ co/l9ess ( :ole-b9d+ due to ! dem&s = orig9ality made by amateurs _h giv5 an impetus to half-b9d+ :i* ,meuni] 0 n sl[ to avail himself (4 ,he at once set ab\t supply+ ! dem&1 execut+ "s five or six hundr$1 ea* ) a diff]5t emblematic design ^u ! back4 ,x 0 ! mom5t :51 z has be5 %[n1 ! symboli/ movem5t 0 at its height1 & ! "y b9d] naturally e*o$ ! note ( ! day4 ,x 0 ! same ) ! cuir cisel1 9 :i* he quickly atta9$ great skill1 do+ =ty copies alone1 ) z _m diff]5t designs ( ,l'hi/oire des quatre fils d',aymon1 a book illu/rat$ by ,eugne ,grasset1 :i* prov$ a failure comm]cially until ,m>ius float$ x by means ( 8 f9e b9d+s ) motives tak5 f ! illu/rations !mselves4 ,meuni] has n[ almo/ atta9$ ! position he covet$4 ,8 /yle has become *a/5$ 9 accordance ) ! increas+ di/a/e ( ecc5tricity1 & he gives great] c>e to ! details ( execution1 :i*1 accord+ to ,fr5* /&>ds1 left some?+ to be desir$ 9 ! e>ly days ( 8 r too exub]ant fancy4 ,la/ ye> he held a special exhibition 9 ,new ,york1 %[+ "s sev5ty specim5s 9 :i* 8 decorative skill 0 ext5sively repres5t$4 ,8 ta/e 9 col\r may seem some:at crude & 8 motives biz>re1 b ( ! ma/]y ov] 8 mat]ials !re is no d\bt4 ,8 sn>e is t he is a decorator be=e any?+ else1 & n always suffici5tly re/ra9$1 or m9dful ( ! be/ traditions ( decoration 9 its p>ticul> application to b9d+4 ,illu/ration3 #de4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,c>ayon4 ,! reputation ( ,m4 ,c>ayon is bas$ ^u le c>tonnage1 or #8cas+' z we call x1 & :i* is ) u an inf]ior =m ( b9d+ ma9ly conf9$ to publi%]s' editions4 ,9 ?is "w ! cases or cov]s1 :e!r ( clo? or lea!r1 are made sep>ately & ! book held to !m by ! v slight atta*m5t ( pa/+ d[n ! endpap]s1 in/ead ( ! slips on :i* ! book is sewn be+ lac$ into ! bo>ds & !n be+ subsequ5tly cov]$ ) ! mat]ial select$4 ,b 9 ,france c>tonnage la ,bradel has become a f9e art ma9ly ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,m4 ,c>ayon4 ,suppos$ to be ( ,g]man orig91 x takes its "n f ! b9d] :o fir/ us$ x 9 ,france1 :]e = "s "t x 0 consid]$ z a tempor>y b9d+ = books ( value :i* 9 ?is way 7 left uncut at ! edges & h&l$ z little z possible4 ,m4 ,c>ayon1 born 9 #ahdj1 />t$ life z a soldi]1 soon giv+ up t c>e] to become a decorative pa9t]2 b 8 love ( books & all t conc]ns !m f9ally decid$ 8 occupation4 ,type ( ! true art work]1 he is to be f\nd all day long 9 8 ateli]1 ?\gh sadly crippl$ ) rheumatism1 devis+ "s new application ( le g5re ,bradel4 ,all mat]ials come alike to him2 morocco1 calf1 vellum1 brocade1 velvet1 ev5 simple pap]1 produce 9 8 h&s ! mo/ exquisite results4 ,amateurs confide to 8 *>ge _! mo/ co/ly possessions1 & ! fir/ arti/s ( ! day1 su* z ,robaudi1 ,h5riot & ,l\is ,mor91 decorate 8 vellum "w ) p5-&-ink & wat]-col\r draw+s4 ,if "o wants1 inde$1 to realize t ! beauty ( a b9d+ does n lie 9 tool+1 or inde$ 9 any k9d ( ornam5t1 "o ne$ only h&le ! little pap]-cov]$ books turn$ out by ,c>ayon = a few francs4 ,at ! same "t nei!r inlay+ nor gild+ has any secrets f him1 & he devises ! modell$1 lea!r "w execut$ = him by ,rudeaux ) ! delicacy & sur5ess ( ta/e t di/+ui% all he und]takes4 ,illu/ration3 #df4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,c>ayon4 ,illu/ration3 #dg4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,c>ayon4 ,*ambolle mo/ wor?ily cont9ues ! traditions associat$ ) ! "n ( 8 fa!r4 ,z an int]pret] ( ! pa/ he has a place ap>t & almo/ unt\*$ by ! ma9 revolution>y movem5t t has p5etrat$ ne>ly e ateli] 9 ,p>is1 & modifi$1 if n ov]turn$1 its inh]it$ traditions4 ,to him are confid$ ! classics ( =m] times1 :i* he clo!s 9 ! /yles appropriate to !m1 keep+ to a simplicity ( ornam5tation :i* reveals great ta/e & feel+ = composition4 ,wisely en\gh1 he r>ely goes outside 8 own doma91 :]e1 9 ^! days ( reckless pursuit ( novelty1 he rema9s almo/ supreme4 ,canape is a "y b9d] ( increas+ reputation4 ,at pres5t he seems to specialize 9 :at is call$ la gaufrure froid1 9 :i* diff]5t-col\r$ moroccos are tool$ )\t gold--a /yle :i* has be5 mu* 9 fav\r ( late ye>s1 & 9 :i* ,m>ius ,mi*el 0 ! fir/ to effect great triumphs4 ,8 c>e] has be5 wat*$ ) mu* int]e/ = ! la/ few ye>s1 & he is ?\ght to be /eadily tak+ place 9 ! fir/ rank4 ,kieff]1 too1 is a b9d] ^: "w has a di/9ctly p]sonal t\*1 & ^: b9d+s h an individuality ( _! own4 ,! reproductions %[n te/ify to a c]ta9 l>g5ess ( conception 9 design1 :i*1 ?\gh some:at mann]$1 has di/9ct value4 ,m4 ,pi]re ,ro*e has /ruck a new note 9 :at he calls la reliure glomise4 ,x is "w done on some?+ ( ! same l9es z t attempt$ by ,mr4 ,c$ric ,*iv]s ( ,ba?4 ,he uses a transp>5t vellum :i* cov]s & protects ! decoration1 :i* ?us appe>s1 to use 8 own words1 z if beh9d a veil4 #8,c'e/ l'esprit du livre qui vi5t du d$ans en dehors app>atre au trav]s des matires solides qui le protg5t4' ,a sculptor ( great tal5t1 ?is has be5 m]ely a recreation to him4 ,he has done b a small numb] ( books = a few di/+ui%$ cli5ts1 &1 not)/&+ _! success1 has1 l a true arti/1 refus$ to be drawn into manufactur+ !m1 feel+ x d\btful :e!r x is a /yle t %\ld be popul>iz$ to any great ext5t1 or r rema9 z an occasional v>iation ( ! m accr$it$ ways ( book-cov] decoration4 ,illu/ration3 #dh4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,*ambolle4 ,we h p]haps said en\gh to indicate ! v>iety ( ! "w %[n at ! ,galli]a ,museum1 its high atta9m5t 9 ! field ( design1 & its /ill high] a*ievem5t 9 ! matt] ( craftsman%ip4 ,"o impression rema9s v cle>ly1 t !re 7 two di/9ct classes ( exhibitors1 ! pr(essional b9d]1 s to speak1 & ! arti/ int5t on produc+ decorative mat]ial = b9d+s4 ,! fir/ looks at a book z a ?+ to b9d & h&le1 & is re/ra9$ 9 8 me?ods by ! use & purpose to :i* x is to be put4 ,! second consid]s x z a surface to decorate1 by means ( pa9t+ or ! aid ( any o!r ( ! arts4 ,! modell$ "w ( ,lepre1 above allud$ to1 is an in/ance ( ?is2 s also is t ( ,mdme4 ,vallgr51 :i* likewise consi/ ( panels t are let into b9d+s prep>$ = t purpose by ,m>ius & o!rs4 ,admirable 9 _! way1 !y w\ld be equally effective z decorative objects fram$ ^u a wall1 & c b be consid]$ a fantasy 9 connexion ) books4 ,bibliomania 9 ,france is responsible = mu* t is disa/r\sly ecc5tric & decad5t4 ,x is a =m ( vanity 9 :i* collectors vie ) ea* o!r1 & involves an exp5diture n only on books b on b9d+s t w\ld n[ seem to h rea*$ ! limit ( extravagance4 ,b su* ecc5tricity is less ?an x 01 & ne$ no long] fill ! eye to ! exclusion ( :at is really f9ely conceiv$ z well z exquisitely execut$4 ,if ,p>is /ill produces too _m b9d+s ( ! biz>re & ov]decorat$ k9d1 we c /ill g to h] = ! ma/]pieces ( simplicity & = flawlessness ( mat]ial faultlessly treat$4 ,"s day ev5 ! be/ b9d]s may cease to support l'art n\veau by ! =ce ( _! skill & en]gy1 b w r conf9e !mselves1 z 9 ! pa/1 to ! simple dignity t di/+ui%$ b9d+s 9 ! be/ p]iods1 & to ! accompli%m5t ( t f9e re/ra9t :i* mu/ always be ! high-wat] m>k ( bookb9d+ z a f9e art4 ,,edition ,,b9d+#f ,( late ye>s1 ) t revival ( craftsman%ip1 accord+ to ! gospel ( ,rusk9 & ,william ,morris1 already dwelt ^u1 !re has be5 a ru% into all ! dep>tm5ts ( manual dext]ity ne$+ = successful a*ievem5t ! guidance ( arti/ic feel+4 ,! result ( ?is has be5 t !re is a t5d5cy to exagg]ate ! importance ( ! ornam5tal & ! decorat$1 to ! exclusion ( n only simplicity b1 let u say frankly1 ( pla9ness & ! undecorat$ surface ( flawless mat]ial4 ,! ov]-elaboration ( ! decorative arts mu/ inevitably produce a reaction soon] or lat]1 v quickly = ^? :o pref] re/ra9t1 m sl[ly = ! majority ( ! public1 to :om ornam5t is always synonym\s ) art4 ,= su* z ^! fa%ion c\nts = mu*2 & x is 9 ! hope t ^? :o lead ta/e 9 ! matt] ( edition b9d+s may f9d a scope = _! ent]prise on some:at new l9es t ,i ask consid]ation = ?is *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 #di4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,*ambolle4 ,illu/ration3 #ej4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,*ambolle4 ,aft] all1 ! co/ly b9d+s a*iev$ = weal?y amateurs mu/ always con/itute b a small portion ( ! output ( b\nd "w4 ,!re w rema9 ! clo? or lea!r-cov]$ book 9 great] or small] editions1 = :i* cov]s are made 9 quantities by ma*9]y1 sep>ately f ! book1 & = decorat+ :i* metal dies are cut & /amp$ by means ( an emboss+ press1 ei!r ) or )\t ! addition ( col\rs or gold leaf4 ,x is ( ?is class ( "w t ,i propose to treat1 giv+ fir/ a brief acc\nt ( ! /ages ?r\gh :i* x has pass$ 9 mod]n times1 !n %[+ h[ x 0 dealt )1 ?\gh on a mu* small] scale1 9 ! e>ly days ( pr9t+1 & f9ally (f]+ "s sugge/ions = its m v>i$ &1 z ,i ?9k1 m arti/ic treatm5t 9 ! future4 ,?is treatm5t w\ld necessitate ! employm5t ( lea!r2 b !re is no reason :y ! less exp5sive k9ds ( sk9s %\ld n be us$1 n p]haps = books issu$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 b = small editions :]e a little extra outlay c\ld be easily recov]$ on ! publi%$ price ( ! "w4 ,roans made f ! be/ %eepsk9s1 :i* are ! hides ( ,scot* %eep1 w\ld n be a co/ly mat]ial1 & w\ld give good results 9 ! emboss+ press4 ,pigsk9 is a v suitable mat]ial = ! bett] class ( b9d+s on :i* /amps are to be us$1 & is bo? /rong & comp>atively inexp5sive1 consid]+ ! size ( ! sk9s4 ,vellum1 aga91 might be occasionally us$ = small editions2 x blocks well1 & is mo/ effective ) b little ornam5t4 ,at "o "t mu* 9 dem& = b9d+s1 x ceas$ = _m ye>s to be us$ at all 9 ,engl&1 except 9 acc\nt-book manufacture1 :5 x 0 g5]ally /a9$ gre54 ,x has lately come into fa%ion aga91 *iefly = limp "w1 ?r\gh ! initiative ( ,william ,morris1 :o introduc$ x on mo/ ( ! works issu$ by him f ! ,kelmscott ,press2 & bo? ! ,doves ,press & ! ,a%5d5e ,press h cont9u$ to employ x4 ,to obs]ve its suitability = block+1 ei!r :5 us$ limp or on bo>ds1 we h only to turn to ! coats-(-arms :i* frequ5tly decorat$ x on ! books ( ! great collectors ( pa/ times4 ,!re 0 a v f9e specim5 ( vellum1 ornam5t$ 9 black1 %[n at ! ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,exhibition 9 #ahia4 ,b be=e consid]+ 9 detail h[ edition b9d+s 7 treat$ 9 ! days :51 comp>atively speak+1 books 7 few 9 numb]1 we w get "s idea ( _! treatm5t 9 m rec5t times1 />t+ ) ! la/ c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #ea4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,canape4 ,up to1 r\ghly speak+1 ab\t #ahbe1 books ( ! type ( diction>ies1 classics1 s*ool books1 & books ( ref]5ce 7 mo/ly b\nd 9 roan or spr9kl$ %eep2 :ile books ( hi/ory1 poetry1 & novels 7 issu$ 9 drab or olive-col\r$ pap] bo>ds1 ) a pr9t$ label pa/$ on ! back1 or ! full title pr9t$ on ! back & sides1 z 9 ! case ( ,walk]'s ,briti% ,classics 7#ahah74 ,x 0 v r>ely t any?+ b a dull col\r 0 us$1 ?\gh ,:itt+ham's ,briti% ,poets 7#ahaf7 _h a d>k ,v5etian r$ pap]1 & ! class ( lit]ature kn[n 9 ^? days z gift-books or annuals occasionally appe>$ 9 vellum-col\r$ pap]1 /amp$ ) gold4 ,! m valuable ( ^!1 h[ev]1 fill$ ) *oice /eel engrav+s & prep>$ = ! ,*ri/mas m>ket1 7 b\nd 9 morocco & silk1 & issu$ "u su* titles z ,! ,keepsake1 ,! ,bij\1 ,fri5d%ip's ,(f]+1 ,! ,book ( ,beauty1 ,! ,l&scape ,annual1 & s on4 ,su* books comm&$ a l>ge sale1 ev5 9 ^? days2 & a writ] on ! subject1 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,! ,bookb9d]1 m5tions ,f9d5's ,tableaux1 two ?\s& imp]ial qu>to volumes1 full b\nd 9 be/ morocco1 gilt4 ,! pap]-cov]$ bo>ds1 :i* clo!d ! l>g] numb] ( ! books ( t "t1 _h a way ( crack+ at ! h+e1 & s becom+ disconnect$1 a difficulty :i* 0 got ov] ab\t #ahbb by cov]+ ! back ) calico or clo?4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is /ep we may take ,scott's ,wav]ley ,novels4 ,! ,novels & ,tales1 9 twelve volumes1 appe>$ 9 #ahai 9 p9k pap]1 ) :ite labels2 ! ,hi/orical ,romances1 9 six volumes1 foll[$ 9 #ahbb1 9 blue pap]1 ) p9k clo? back & :ite pap] labels2 & ,novels & ,romances 9 #ahbd 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,! next /ep 0 t ( cov]+ books entirely ) clo?1 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,ar*ibald ,leighton1 "o ( ! mo/ ent]pris+ & successful ( mod]n b9d]s1 ^: bus9ess capacity & en]gy secur$ = him ! patronage ( ! *ief publi%]s ( ! day4 ,he b\nd = ,murray1 ,pick]+1 ,colb\rn1 ,tilt1 ,*>les ,knight1 ,moon1 ,boys1 ,graves1 & _m o!rs1 & di$ prematurely 9 #ahda1 leav+ to 8 family a well-e/abli%$ bus9ess :i*1 "u a some:at v>y+ "*1 has rema9$ 9 _! h&s up to ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! ,booksell] ( ,july #d1 #ahha1 !re is an int]e/+ acc\nt1 by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,leighton1 ( ! inv5tion ( bookb9d]s' clo? by 8 fa!r1 & ( h[ ! subsequ5t emboss+ ( x came ab\t4 ,! exact date ( clo? b9d+ he is n able to /ate1 b says t he has 9 8 libr>y a volume1 pres5t$ to 8 fa!r by ! au?or1 b\nd 9 smoo?1 r$ clo?1 ) a pap] label4 ,! publi%]s' names are ,lack+ton1 ,hughes1 ,h>d+ & ,lep>d1 & ! date on ! title-page is #ahbb4 ,!re is e reason to believe t x is "o ( a numb] simil>ly b\nd 9 t ye>4 ,9 ^? days ! :ite calico 0 b\ght 9 ,london1 s5t to ! dy]s to be dy$1 & !nce to ,mr4 ,john ,s\?gate1 ( #c ,cr[n ,c\rt1 ,old ,*ange1 to be /iff5$ & cal5d]$4 ,! emboss+ ( bookb9d]s' clo? 0 sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,ar*ibald ,leighton to ! late ,mr4 de la ,rue1 & 0 c>ri$ out s admirably by him1 ) ! appliances he possess$ = emboss+ pap]1 t 8 process rema9s /ill comp>atively unalt]$4 ,! desir$ patt]n 0 engrav$ on a gun-metal cyl9d]1 & transf]r$ 9 rev]se to "o made ( compress$ pap]1 /rung ^u an iron sp9dle & turn$ 9 ! la! to ! exact circumf]5ce ( ! gun-metal "o1 & ^! two be+ work$ toge!r 9 a ma*9e1 & ! patt]n transf]r$ f "o to ! o!r1 ! clo? 0 pass$ betwe5 !m & receiv$ ! impress ( ! patt]n engrav$ on ! metal cyl9d]4 ,illu/ration3 #eb4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,canape4 ,9 ?is way ! :ole ( ! clo? us$ by ,messrs4 ,leighton 0 = _m ye>s emboss$ ^u _! own premises4 ,! cyl9d]s 7 only f\rte5 or fifte5 in*es wide1 & ! ma*9e 0 turn$ by manual lab\r & heat$ by r$-hot irons1 :i* 7 plac$ 9 ! gun-metal cyl9d] & replac$ by o!rs :5 cold4 ,9 ^? days x 0 cu/om>y to engrave special cyl9d]s = books ( importance1 & y may /ill occasionally meet ) /ray volumes ( ,! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia or ,knight's ,pictorial ,engl&1 & su* l popul> works1 ) emboss$ clo? cov]s s prep>$4 ,mr4 ,pick]+ 0 ! fir/ p]son = :om ,mr4 ,leighton b\nd books 9 clo?1 & ei!r 8 #8,ald9e ,poets' or ! #8,diamond ,classics' 7 ! fir/ books on :i* x 0 put4 ,! fir/ p]son to und]take ! emboss+ ( bookb9d]s' clo? on cyl9d]s a y>d wide 0 ,mr4 ,law1 ( ,monkwell ,/reet1 & = ye>s he emboss$ all ! clo? sold by ,mr4 ,james ,leon>d ,wilson1 ( ,/4 ,john ,/reet1 :o _h foll[$ ,mr4 ,leighton's me?ods 9 ! prep>ation & sale ( ! clo?4 ,mr4 ,wilson sold 8 bus9ess to ,messrs4 ,duffield1 :o e/abli%$ a manufactory ( bookb9d]s' clo? at ,hoxton1 & s improv$ x t = ye>s he held practically a monopoly ( its output4 ,! exact p]iod :5 gold-/amp+ 0 fir/ appli$ to clo? is cle>ly m>k$ by ! publication ( ,"l ,byron's life & works1 9 sev5te5 volumes1 by ,mr4 ,john ,murray1 ( ,albem>le ,/reet4 ,! volumes 7 publi%$ mon?ly1 & _h a sale ( ab\t #bj1jjj4 ,!y 7 b\nd 9 gre5 clo?1 & ! fir/ volume 0 issu$ 9 #ahcb1 ) a gre5 pap] label on ! back1 mat*+ ! clo? 9 col\r1 on :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 bronze ! title & a coronet2 on ! second & succe$+ volumes ! pap] label 0 disp5s$ )1 & ! coronet & title 7 /amp$ 9 gold ^u ! clo? itself4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,george ,bohn1 9 a lett] address$ to ! ,art ,j\rnal1 says t 8 fa!r1 ,john ,h5ry ,bohn1 a ,g]man bookb9d]1 e/abli%$ ab\t #agie 9 ,fri? ,/reet1 ,soho1 _h a special reputation = gild+ on ! silk l9+s ( books1 z well z calf-gra9+1 tree-m>bl+1 & o!r special processes1 all ( :i* he himself made acqua9tance ) :5 a boy4 #8,9 lat] life1' he cont9ues1 #8! k ( ! peculi> dress+ us$ = gild+ on silk enabl$ me to communicate to ,mr4 ,leighton ! means ( gett+ clo? prep>$ s z to take gild+ by heat$ ma*9]y at ! roll+ or /amp+ press1 :i* a lead+ trade firm said 0 impracticable4 ,! process1 h[ev]1 aft] a few weeks' exp]im5ts conduct$ by ! late ,mr4 ,james ,leon>d ,wilson1 0 successfully accompli%$2 & ,mr4 ,leighton !reupon wrote to me triumphantly ann\nc+ ! fact1 & und]tak+ 9 consequ5ce to b9d 9 gilt clo? sev]al ?\s& volumes at half ! price ,i %\ld previ\sly h _h to pay1 on acc\nt ( ! necessity ( hav+ to add lea!r backs = tak+ ! gold by h& tool+4 ,! book 0 ,m>t9 & ,we/all's ,bible ,po9ts1 :i* ,i br\ght out 9 #ahcb4 ,:at to me at ! "t seem$ an accompli%m5t ( little mom5t has n[ become ( su* importance to clo? b9d]s t1 c\ld ! discov]y h be5 pat5t$1 x w\ld h yield$ a consid]able income4' ,illu/ration3 #ec4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,canape4 ,?is ,mr4 ,rob]t ,leighton1 :o ?us wrote ( 8 fa!r's inv5tion1 0 himself ! pione] 9 ! use ( /eam ma*9]y 9 bookb9d+1 & he adopt$ 9 8 own bus9ess ne>ly all ! ma*9]y :i* has s9ce become indisp5sable to ! :olesale b9d]4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ to use /eam p[] = block+ 9 gold2 ! fir/ to use alum9ium1 & black & col\r$ inks = clo? cases1 examples ( :i* he %[$ 9 ! exhibition ( #ahea4 ,he _h a great reputation = ! designs ( 8 clo? b9d+s1 :i* he devis$ 9 conjunction ) 8 arti/ c\s91 ,john ,leighton1 kn[n z ,luke ,limn]1 a good in/ance be+ ! pleasant & appropriate cov]s = ,mrs4 ,jameson's ,leg5ds ( ! ,madonna & ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s4 ,! two ,leightons1 fa!r & son1 ?us inaugurat$ & fur!r$ ! great revolution 9 ! art ( edition b9d+ associat$ ) ! employm5t = ! purpose ( specially prep>$ clo?1 & its decoration by means ( /eam-block+ 9 gold & col\rs4 ,x 0 natural t su* an inv5tion %\ld lead to abuse2 & 9 a %ort "t1 un=tunately1 !re 0 s mu* gilt ornam5t t a /rong reaction took place1 &1 :ile clo? z a mat]ial = ! cov] cont9u$ to be us$1 x 0 ei!r left pla9 or _h a s+le bord]+ l9e 9 gold1 ) or )\t ! title likewise 9 gold ^u ! sides4 ,m rec5tly col\r pr9t+ ^u clo? has be5 reviv$ ) excell5t results 9 _m cases1 especially :]e an arti/ :o und]/&s ! p[] & limitations ( ! block+ process has be5 employ$ ^u ! designs4 ,_m ( ^! are entirely )\t gold1 & give repres5tations ( sc5es tak5 f ! books ) excell5t impressioni/ effect4 ,"o may m5tion z in/ances 9 ,engl& ! novels publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,hodd] & ,/\ghton1 su* z ,9 ,our ,t[n1 ,h] ,maje/y's ,m9i/]1 ,mrs4 ,wiggs ( ! ,cabbage ,pat*1 ,! ,hebrew1 & _m o!rs ( ! same firm1 "o ( ^: memb]s gives special att5tion to ! successful production ( clo? cov]s4 ,! b9d+s ( books issu$ by ,mr4 ,john ,lane are also frequ5tly v successful1 ?\gh x is n s easy to keep 9 t\* ) ! output ( ,am]ican "w on simil> l9es4 ,messrs4 ,putt5ham h produc$ "s excell5t examples ( ta/e 9 col\r pr9t+1 notably ,! ,romance ( ! ,colorado ,riv]1 ,pu]to ,rican1 ,lights ( ,*ildhood1 & ,! ,romance ( ! ,r5aissance ,*ateaux1 9 :i* ! ca/le ( ,langeais is %[n 9 black on a grey clo?4 ,! same h\se publi% likewise "o or two books b\nd 9 pla9 clo?1 ) a photographic pr9t on ! cov]1 :i* seem$ a pleasant v>iation n 9 use ov] "h2 :ile ,tw5ty-,six ,hi/oric ,%ips1 also issu$ by !m1 is a mo/ satisfactory example ( block+ ) :ite foil on a blue gr\nd4 ,at ,messrs4 ,appleton's are to be f\nd sev]al specim5s ( bookb9d]s' clo? :i* d n come ov] "h at all4 ,we h b little v>iety 9 ! nature & prep>ation ( our clo?2 :ile 9 ,am]ica x is treat$ 9 _m diff]5t ways1 :i* naturally give v v>i$ results 9 ! block+-press4 ,messrs4 ,gay & ,bird issue "s effective col\r pr9t+ on ,9 ,s\? ,africa ) ,bull]1 & an attractive example ( a lo* & m\nta9 sc5e 9 f\r sombre col\rs on ,! ,/ory ( ,g/a ,b]l+4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! mo/ arti/ic effects are got by us+ v few col\rs 9 h>mony r ?an 9 contra/ ) ! clo?4 ,gold is mu* m sp>+ly us$ = clo? "w ?an =m]ly1 & ) f> bett] ta/e4 ,p>is 9 its ,spl5d\r1 publi%$ by ! la/-nam$ firm1 is an int]e/+ example ( ! diff]5t effects t c be obta9$ f ! gold by v>ieties ( matt$ gr\nd 9 ! block2 :ile 9 ,wald51 issu$ by ,messrs4 ,h\ghton & ,miffl91 ! clo? ( ! cov] repres5ts ! design1 ! gold be+ conf9$ to sugge/+ ! backgr\nd1 ) a decid$ly orig9al result4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! position ( clo? b9d+ at ! pres5t "t z %[n by ! lead+ publi%]s' "w4 ,! te*nical processes are probably z p]fect z su* ?+s c be1 ! draw+s are frequ5tly ! "w ( arti/s1 !re is f> m re/ra9t ?an =m]ly bo? 9 ! matt] ( design & ! employm5t ( col\r1 :ile ! ta/e 9 col\r s*emes is (t5 z good z possible1 & a great advance on t %[n a decade or two ago4 ,we d n ?9k t 9 t special bran* ( edition b9d+s !re is any great advance to be made or novelty to be assum$1 ?\gh no d\bt we may expect a wid] diffusion ( ! ta/e t we h not$ 9 ! be/ "w & an increas+ly small numb] ( book cov]s inf]ior 9 design1 col\r1 & g5]al effect4 ,9 :at direction1 !n1 c we hope = any new dep>ture8 ,9 ord] to answ] ! "q1 & complete ! scope ( ?is *apt]1 x is necess>y to sp5d a %ort "t 9 /udy+ ! b9d+s 9 :i* books 7 clo!d :5 !y 7 less num]\s1 & dur+ a p]iod :5 !y rea*$ :at _m ?9k ! high-wat] m>k ( successful decoration4 ,illu/ration3 #ed4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,canape4 ,illu/ration3 #ee4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,canape4 ,! "w ( ! e>ly pr9t]s 0 issu$ 9 trade b9d+s j z publi%]s' "w is n[ s5t out1 b 9 ^? days /ation]s comb9$ ! craft ( b9d+ ) ! bus9ess ( booksell+4 ,! e>lie/ ( all 7 decorat$ by build+ up designs f dies1 ^! be+ arrang$ 9 patt]n s*emes :i* ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,james ,weale 0 ! fir/ to analyze & set =? 9 ! catalogue ( ! f9e collection ( rubb+s ( b9d+s :i* he pres5t$ to ! ,national ,art ,libr>y ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahid4 ,^! s*emes 7 tak5 f ! cov]s ( manuscripts f ! twelf? to ! fifte5? c5turies1 b ! same k9d ( arrangem5t1 ?\gh n s elaborate1 may be se5 on ! e>lie/ pr9t$ books2 also witness ! illu/rations to ! monographs on e>ly ,ox=d & ,cambridge b9d+s issu$ by ! ,bibliographical ,society4 ,small books 7 /amp$ ) a panel on ! sides1 & ^! (t5 _h ! initials or m>k ( ! b9d]1 :i* h l$ 9 _m in/ances to ! ascription ( p>ticul> b9d+s to ! /ation]s :o issu$ !m1 ?\gh a /ill great] numb] /ill rema9 to be id5tifi$4 ,! blocks 7 g5]ally small1 & 7 us$ sometimes "o on ea* side betwe5 a bord]+ ( r\ghly drawn l9es2 sometimes two toge!r 7 plac$ ^u "o side1 & connect$ ) l9es or "s simple device2 & occasionally on l>ge books f\r panels 7 arrang$ 9 r[s ( two4 ,! mat]ial ( ! b9d+ 0 ass's-sk91 pigsk91 calfsk91--?\gh n ! fragile k9d n[ associat$ ) ! "n--& vellum1 b *iefly ! ?ree fir/4 ,! /amps or blocks us$ 7 cut 9 intaglio1 ei!r on h>d wood or on metal1 produc+ ! impression 9 cameo2 ! design 0 (t5 bo? /rong & delicate 9 treatm5t1 ! impression aft] all ^! ye>s %[+ great arti/ic vig\r & inv5tiv5ess4 ,inde$1 no?+ c be m excell5t ?an ! dragons1 gryphons1 & o!r my?ical animals 9 ! pe>-%ap$1 triangul>1 circul>1 or squ>e dies arrang$ )9 ! patt]n s*emes ( ! v e>ly b9d+s4 ,x is kn[n exactly h[ ^! /amps 7 us$ ^u ! b9d+s2 x is probable t1 :5 panel /amps 7 us$1 ! lea!r 0 ?or\ghly wett$ & ! book !n plac$ 9 a screw press1 "u a block ( wood or metal1 = ! l5g? ( "t ne$$ to obta9 a cle> impression4 ,9 ,m>ques ,typographiques by ,silve/re1 !re is a pr9t]s' m>k1 us$ by ,petrus ,ces> ,gaudanus1 o!rwise ,pi]re de ,keys]1 ( ,gh5t1 betwe5 #aeaf & #aedg1 :i* repres5ts a book und]go+ pressure 9 a pr9t]s' press2 & ,josse ,bade1 likewise a /ation] & pr9t] ( ,p>is1 :o di$ 9 #aece1 us$ a some:at simil> "o4 ,?\gh !re is obvi\sly a book 9 ! press1 ! picture may relate to a process n connect$ ) b9d+2 b 9 any case x probably repres5ts :at mu/ h be5 ! proc$ure us$ 9 impress+ ! /amps4 ,^! dies pass$ f "o work%op to ano!r1 & none ( !m are extant to my k 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh ! h]aldic blocks us$ on books 9 ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 7 decid$ly num]\s & ( great arti/ic m]it4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s ^! designs 7 ! b9d]s' prop]ty & protect$ z su*1 b 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! b9d]s 7 n organiz$ into sep>ate guilds1 ?is 0 n ! case1 & piracy 0 ev]y:]e preval5t4 ,illu/ration3 #ef4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,kieff]4 ,on _m ( ! blocks !re appe> two ind5tations or holes ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]1 situat$ )9 ! bord] at ! top & bottom ( ! panel4 ,! precise purport ( ^! is unkn[n1 & _m plausible !ories h be5 inv5t$ to acc\nt = !m4 ,"o su* sugge/s t !y 7 /op buttons to prev5t ! /amp f s9k+ too f> into ! lea!r1 b x is m probable t !y indicate ! heads ( nails or pegs :i* fa/5$ ! c>v$ block or metal /amp to ano!r piece ( wood4 ,sometimes ! impressions made by !m are almo/ imp]ceptible1 at o!rs !re has be5 an attempt at concealm5t by c>ry+ ! ornam5t across4 ,_m ( ! subjects pictur$ on ^! /amps 7 ( a religi\s "*3 ?us ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/1 ! ,crucifixion1 ,our ,lady ( ,pity1 ! ,ara ,cli1 & ! diff]5t sa9ts & apo/les1 are all repres5t$ ^u ^! e>ly book cov]s4 ,= an acc\nt ( !m1 & = a g5]al hi/ory ( e>ly /amp$ b9d+s1 :i* conta9s also a c]ta9 am\nt ( illu/ration1 ! int]e/$ read] _c d bett] ?an procure ! two volumes1 publi%$ at half a cr[n by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 entitl$ ,bookb9d+s & ,rubb+s ( ,b9d+s 9 ! ,national ,art ,libr>y ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,james ,weale4 ,?is class ( b9d+ has giv5 rise to mu* dispute ( an ar*ological k9d1 ) :i*1 happily1 we are n conc]n$ at ! mom5t4 ,:e!r ! /amps 7 ( wood or metal1 9 :at c\ntry !y orig9at$1 _! au?or%ip z indicat$ by initials incorporat$ 9 ! design1 _! prov5ance z ap>t f ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y 7 9 use1 :o 0 ! inv5tor ( ! patt]n roll]1--all su* que/ions we may leave aside1 ! po9t ( int]e/ be+ ! fact ( ! /amp & its a/oni%+ v>iety ( "*1 = _m /yles 7 repres5t$ by x1 all1 ) b few exceptions1 ( great m]it & suitability to _! end4 ,= ! pres5t purpose1 & z f> z ornam5t is conc]n$1 !y may be classifi$ some:at z foll[s3-- #a4 ,small ,go?ic dies ) palmat$ leaves1 animals1 & s on1 comb9$ 9 design accord+ to c]ta9 fix$ patt]ns1 su* z ^? on ! ,bible writt5 & b\nd 9 ! mona/]y at ,durham = ,hugh ,pudsey1 bi%op ( t diocese f #aaec to #aaie1 & o!r books 9 ! same ca!dral libr>y4 #b4 ,int]lac$ ornam5t ( sev]al di/9ct types1 "s ,celtic 9 "*1 on ! e>lie/ books 9 lea!r t h come d[n to u1 execut$ 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 o!rs recall+ ! designs on ,roman mosaic pavem5t2 o!rs1 aga91 ,ea/]n 9 "*4 ,p]haps ! mo/ beautiful int]lac$ patt]ns ( all belong to ! latt] class1 & are ! cablework designs f\nd on ,italian books ( ! la/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 no d\bt copi$ f ,arabian examples4 ,! ,spani% b9d+s ( ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury h int]lac$ ornam5t ( z f9e a k9d1 b (t5 lack+ 9 ! comp>ative simplicity ( ! ,italian4 #c4 ,! ,go?ic /amps ( my?ical animals1 enclos$ 9 circles or scrollwork1 bord]$ ) ,go?ic foliage1 & frequ5tly conta9+ a leg5d4 ,^! 7 mo/ly ( ,g]man orig91 & 7 no d\bt inspir$ by ! "w ( ,alb]t ,dr] & 8 contempor>ies4 #d4 ,! h]aldic panels decorat$ ) royal badges1 us$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 #e4 ,! panel /amps ( a purely decorative k9d1 su* z ^? ) ! religi\s subjects above m5tion$2 o!rs l ! well-kn[n two us$ by ,m\l91 ( a mill] ) 8 sacks1 9 punn+ allusion to 8 "n2 & ^? 9 use by ,nor9s1 9 :i* ! acorn figures l>gely z an ornam5t4 #f4 ,la/ly1 ! panel /amps ) two pr(ile bu/s 9 m$allion )9 a framework ( ,r5aissance ornam5t1 ?or\ghly debas$ 9 "*1 & m>k+ ! complete decl9e ( ! b9d]'s /amp4 ,i w\ld sum up1 9 conclusion1 ! po9ts ,i h desir$ to emphasize1 & :i* are z foll[s3-- ,t ! flat block+ ( clo? "w 9 gold & col\rs by no means exhau/s ! treatm5t possible = edition or publi%]s' b9d+s4 ,x has und\bt$ly be5 l>gely ov]done1 = lavi% ornam5t is di/9ctly out ( place z appli$ to *eap mat]ial1 su* z clo?s & l95s4 ,inde$1 z decoration = ! ord9>y novel ( a few %ill+s no?+ is 9 bett] ta/e ?an a s+le design c>ri$ out 9 two or ?ree col\r pr9t+s )\t gold1 su* z "s ( ^? m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 #eg4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,kieff]4 ,illu/ration3 #eh4 ,,b\nd ,,by ,,kieff]4 ,t !re is room = a totally di/9ct class ( b9d+s = small editions ( m important publications1 :i* %\ld be 9 lea!r & block$ ) a /amp ( f9e design )\t gold1 :i* w give a rais$ impression4 ,= ?is purpose z9cographic blocks are ( no use1 b brass1 z a mat]ial :i* admits ( modell+1 w\ld be imp]ative4 ,t ! design+ ( su* /amps %\ld be put 9 ! h&s ( ! few arti/s hav+ a g5ius = ! "w1 :i* is q special 9 "*1 & belongs m to ! art ( ! m$alli/ ?an to t ( ! mak] ( patt]ns4 ,we 9 no way want _! undue multiplication1 b w\ld r1 inde$1 t !y %\ld be res]v$ = a limit$ numb] ( publications1 = :i* ! subject-matt]1 pap] & type con/itute toge!r a :ole1 wor?y ( a dignifi$ cov] t w /& ! lapse ( "t4 ,9 ^! days ( book lov]s & collectors ( e sort1 x is c]ta9ly n unlikely t !re are _m :o w\ld welcome a new v5ture ( ?is k9d1 9 :i* !y w\ld associate ! b9d+ ) ! book1 & h no desire to sep>ate ! "o f ! o!r4 ,9 ! little ,bibelot s]ies1 ,messrs4 ,gay & ,bird h already made a slight attempt on ! l9es ,i am sugge/+4 ,la/ly1 we h tri$ to %[ t !re is no de>? ( mat]ial f :i* ! design] ( su* "w may glean ! pr9ciples on :i* x %\ld be bas$1 9 ord] to secure satisfactory results4 ,ap>t f ! b9d+s /ill extant1 :i* may be /udi$ = ! purpose1 su* s\rces z ! ,book ( ,kells & ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 by ,m>g>et ,/okes1 are full ( illu/rations 9 a field /rangely little explor$ by ! patt]n mak] ( to-day4 ,:ile only a limit$ numb] ( e>ly examples h be5 in/anc$1 !y are sugge/ive ( :at 0 done 9 edition b9d+ 9 ! pa/1 & may be done aga9 9 ! future4 ,su* a dep>ture ne$s1 no d\bt1 ! initiative ( a pr9t]-publi%] :o does ! be/ k9d ( "w1 & 9 a field t comm&s ! int]e/$ support ( ! g5u9e book lov]4 ,surely1 h[ev]1 to f9d su* an "o ought n to be difficult ) ! widespread int]e/ n[ %[n 9 e detail ( book production4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! te*nicality ( :at is kn[n z #8tool+1' we w briefly describe 9 :at x consi/s4 #8,f9i%+ tools' are /amps ( metal t h a patt]n cut on ! face1 & ! %anks ( :i* are held 9 wood5 h&les4 ,su* patt]ns c be complete 9 !mselves1 or ! s+le #8tools' may h only ! elem5ts ( a patt]n t ne$s to be built up1 = ! #8tools' mu/ n be too l>ge1 or !y _c be work$ ) sur5ess ( result4 ,! design is compos$ ( ^! #8tools' 9 comb9ation ) g\ges :i* are curv$ l9es4 ,! draw+ is fir/ made accurately on pap] by means ( black5+ ! tools 9 a c&le or lightly impress+ !m on an ink-pad4 ,?is pap] is !n plac$ on ! book & slightly atta*$ ) pa/e at ea* corn]4 ,! tools are next g5tly heat$ & rework$ on ! draw+1 leav+ an impression 9 #8bl9d1' z x is call$1 on ! lea!r suffici5t to be se5 ?r\gh ! gold leaf :5 ?is is appli$ ready = ! next op]ation4 ,! cov] is n[ damp$ ) wat] & ! impressions left by ! tools p5cill$ ov] ) a prep>ation ( :ite ( egg kn[n z glaire1 appli$ ) a camel-hair bru%4 ,:5 ?is is suffici5tly dry1 b n too dry1 ! gold leaf is put on1 & ! individual #8tools1' tak5 at j ! "r heat1 are rework$ 9 ! impressions se5 fa9tly b5ea? ! gold4 ,fre% gold may h to be appli$ & ! patt]n rework$ sev]al times if ! tools are solid or ! lea!r = any reason pres5ts special difficulties4 ,^! are1 r\ghly speak+1 ! processes necess>y to ! work+ ( a design1 ?\gh _m small ones h be5 omitt$4 ,x w be se5 at once1 h[ev]1 f ?is brief acc\nt3 fir/ly1 t !re are no freeh& possibilities ab\t ! op]ation2 & secondly1 t to be a good f9i%] a workman %\ld "k some?+ ( draw+1 = he _c make a correct patt]n1 mu* less "o t has any organic mean+1 unless he und]/&s h[ to comb9e small tools ) ta/e & judgm5t4 ,he mu/ "k :at to leave out z well z :at to put 92 if !re is inlay+1 he mu/ h a s5se ( col\r-h>mony & contra/1 & he mu/ und]/& en\gh ( /yles n to mix up ^? ( diff]5t p]iods1 nor to select "o t is unsuitable to ! special "* ( ! book4 ,footnote #b3 ,! te*nical s*ools1 x may be not$1 ) ! exceptions p]haps ( ! ,bor\gh ,polyte*nic1 are n look$ on ) fav\r by ! trade1 :o are ev] adv]se to any alt]ation 9 ! traditional habits ( a craft2 b x is difficult to see1 )\t "s exp]im5ts ( ! k9d1 h[ ! le>n] is to get ! advantages ( intellig5t tra9+1 :i* he did "u ! old sy/em ( appr5tice%ip4 ,n[ t ,trades ,unions h a t5d5cy to det]iorate ! quality & limit ! output ( ! adult work]1 x is well t !re %\ld be "s influ5ces br\ght to be> ^u him 9 ! e>li] /ages ( 8 c>e] t make = appreciative insight into ! mean+ ( 8 "w & cultivate 8 ta/e 9 its m arti/ic possibilities4 ,footnote #c3 ,) tool$ edges ! leaves ( ! book are gilt z usual1 & :ile /ill 9 ! press1 ! head1 tail & =$ge are work$ ov] ) #8tools' t are op5 9 "*1 ! f9] ones be+ pref]able4 ,^! tools mu/ be slightly w>m$1 s t ! impression may be firm4 ,sometimes ! edge is tool$ on ! gold be=e burni%+1 :5 ! impress$ patt]n w naturally be ( a diff]5t col\r to ! burni%$ "p1 z ! burni%] w glide ov] ! ind5tations4 ,at o!rs a diff]5t-col\r$ gold is laid on ! top ( ! fir/ & tool$ ^u1 :5 ! patt]n w be left 9 ! new gold on ! orig9al col\r4 ,footnote #d3 ,?is pa9t+ c be ) or )\t gold4 ,9 any case1 x is necess>y t ! leaves %\ld be fann$ out & ti$ slightly betwe5 bo>ds4 ,:ile 9 ?is position ! col\r is appli$1 :i* c be ei!r a /a9 or wat]-col\r moi/5$ ) size4 ,:5 dry1 ! leaves are releas$1 & may be left z !y are or gilt 9 ! ord9>y way1 :5 ! col\r w %[ ?r\gh ! gold1 ga9+ a lu/re & ri*ness x w\ld n o!rwise h4 ,footnote #e3 ,! process ( lea!r cutt+ & emboss+ is briefly z foll[s4 ,! design is fir/ drawn on pap]1 !n transf]r$ to trac+ pap] & trac$ ?r\gh f ?is on to ! lea!r1 :i* is %oe-calf prep>$ = ! purpose z to quality & ?ickness4 ,! process is v mu* l beat5 & *as$ silv] "w1 except t ! s(t lea!r has to be re9=c$ at ! back ) a cem5t1 & :ile ?is cem5t is h>d5+ ! front has to be modell$4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t ?is "w is ( a delicate nature4 ,if ! design is fairly ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] ! decorat$ space1 h&l+ & ! slight friction a well-b\nd book is subject to 9 ! c\rse ( "t enhance its appe>ance4 ,aga91 by trac+ & cutt+ ! design )\t emboss+ x a diff]5t surface is obta9$1 :ile ! application ( gold tool+ & t ( v>i\s col\r t9ts are additions ( treatm5t t give consid]able scope to ! f9i%]4 ,footnote #f3 ,! au?or wi%es to ackn[l$ge p]mission1 :i* %e has receiv$ f ,! ,pr9t+ ,art1 to pr9t 9 ?is c\ntry ?is la/ *apt]1 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 t p]iodical4 ,pr9t$ by ,t4 ,,& ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y at ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,press ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ obvi\s typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,reta9$ ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s z pr9t$4 #c4 ,re-index$ footnotes us+ numb]s & collect$ toge!r at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 #d4 ,correct$ ! fir/ two items 9 ! ,erratum4 ,! la/ item 0 left un*ang$4 #e4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4