,,pr9ts ,,& ,,_! ,,mak]s ,illu/ration3 ,,pr(ile ,,bu/ ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,woman ,aft] ,leon>do da ,v9ci 8,( ! pr9ts attribut$ to ,leon>do1 ! fasc9at+ ,pr(ile ,bu/ ( a ,"y ,woman /&s out f ! re/ = ! s5sitive quality ( its outl9e1 b ev5 "h ,i w\ld be m ready to see ! h& ( an engrav] l ,zoan ,&rea40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,reproduc$ f ! unique impression 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,,pr9ts ,,& ,,_! ,,mak]s ,,essays ,,on ,,engrav]s ,,& ,,et*]s ,,old ,,& ,,mod]n ,,edit$ ,,by ,,fitzroy ,,c>r+ton ,,editor ,,( 8,,! ,,pr9t-,,collector',s ,,qu>t]ly0 ,,) #bjj ,,illu/rations ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,c5tury ,,co4 #aiab ,copyright1 #aiab1 by ,,! ,,c5tury ,,co4 ,copyright1 #aiaa1 #aiab1 by ,,fr$]ick ,,keppel ,,co4 ,publi%$ ,octob]1 #aiab ,,! ,,de ,,v9ne ,,press ,,to ,,fr$]ick ,,keppel ,,9 ,,memory ,,( ,a ,,fri5d%ip ,,( ,,tw5ty ,,ye>s ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,,! ,,editor ,,cont5ts ,,page ,d,,r]',s ,,woodcuts #a ,,by ,,campbell ,,dodgson1 ,m4,a4 ,,"s ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,engrav]s ,,be=e ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,m>cantonio #ag ,,by ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,h9d ,a ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,pr9t-,,collectors3 ,,mi*el ,,de ,,m>olles1 ,,abb ,,de ,,villelo9 #cc ,,by ,,l\is ,r4 ,,metcalfe ,,jean ,,mor9 #eb ,,by ,,l\is ,r4 ,,metcalfe ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil #gj ,,by ,,l\is ,r4 ,,metcalfe ,,rembr&t',s ,,l&scape ,,et*+s #id ,,by ,,laur5ce ,,b9yon ,,giovanni ,,batti/a ,,piranesi #aab ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,burges ,,moore ,,francisco ,,goya ,y ,,luci5tes #aec ,,by ,,*>les ,h4 ,,caff9 ,a ,,note ,,on ,,goya #afd ,,by ,,william ,m4 ,,iv9s1 ,,jr4 ,,! ,,et*+s ,,( ,,=tuny #aff ,,by ,,royal ,,cortissoz ,,p]sonal ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4,r4,e4 #agc ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,keppel ,,! ,,wat]-,,colors ,,& ,,draw+s ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4,r4,e4 #aif ,,by ,h4 ,,nazeby ,,h>r+ton ,,m]yon ,,& ,,baudelaire #bjd ,,by ,,william ,,asp5wall ,,bradley ,f,,lix ,,bracquemond3 ,,an ,,et*] ,,( ,,birds #bbj ,,by ,,frank ,,weit5kampf ,,augu/e ,,lep,,re #bbh ,,by ,,elisabe? ,,lu!r ,,c>y ,,h]man ,a4 ,,web/] #bci ,,by ,,m>t9 ,,h>die ,,&]s ,,zorn--,,pa9t]-,,et*] #bei ,,by ,j4 ,,nils5 ,,laurvik ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,pr(ile ,,bu/ ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,woman ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,d,,r]4 ,portrait ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 ag$ #ef #b ,! ,f\r ,rid]s ( ! ,apocalypse #c ,! ,:ore ( ,babylon1 ,seat$ ^u ! ,bea/ ) ,sev5 ,heads & ,t5 ,horns #d ,*ri/ ,be>+ ,8 ,cross #e ,! ,resurrection #f ,samson & ! ,lion #g ,! ,annunciation to ,joa*im #h ,! ,annunciation #i ,! ,flight into ,egypt #aj ,! ,assumption & ,cr[n+ ( ! ,virg9 #aa ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,cell #ab ,! ,holy ,family #ac ,sa9t ,*ri/oph] #ad ,! ,virg9 ) ! ,_m ,angels #ae ,,b>tolommeo ,,di ,,giovanni4 ,triumph ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne #ah ,,botticelli4 ,! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 #ai ,,f9igu]ra ,,s*ool4 ,! ,libyan ,sibyl #bj ,,f9igu]ra ,,s*ool4 ,! ,libyan ,sibyl #ba ,,maso ,,f9igu]ra4 ,! ,planet ,m]cury #bb ,,f9igu]ra ,,s*ool4 ,a ,"y ,man & ,woman ,ea* ,hold+ an ,apple #bc ,,antonio ,,pollaiuolo4 ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m5 #bd ,,cri/(ano ,,robetta4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi #be ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,! ,ris5 ,*ri/ betwe5 ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,long9us #bf ,,zoan ,,&rea 7874 ,f\r ,wom5 ,danc+ #bg ,,nicoletto ,,da ,,mod5a4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds #bh ,,jacopo ,,de ',,b>b>i4 ,apollo & ,diana #bi ,,giulio ,,campagnola4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ #cj ,,giulio ,,& ,,dom5ico ,,campagnola4 ,%eph]ds 9 a ,l&scape #ca ,,claude ,,mellan4 ,portrait ( ,mi*el de ,m>olles1 ,abb de ,villelo9 #ch ,,nanteuil4 ,portrait ( ,mi*el de ,m>olles1 ,abb de ,villelo9 #ci ,jules1 ,c>d9al ,maz>9 #db ,l\is ,,xiv #dc ,,claude ,,mellan4 ,aga?a ,ca/iglione #ej ,claude de ,m>olles #ea ,,mor94 ,l\is ,,xiii1 ,k+ ( ,france #ed ,anne ( ,au/ria1 ,reg5t ( ,france #ee ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu #eh ,pi]re ,maugis des ,granges #ei ,h5ri de ,lorra9e1 ,comte d',h>c\rt #fb ,guido1 ,c>d9al ,b5tivoglio #fc ,nicolas ,*ry/9 #ff ,anto9e ,vitr #fg ,jean-,franois-,paul de ,gondi #fh ,om] ,talon #fi ,,nanteuil4 ,l\is ,,xiv #gf ,anne ( ,au/ria1 ,que5 ( ,france #gg ,jules1 ,c>d9al ,maz>9 #gh ,b]n>d de ,foix de la ,valette1 ,duc d',ep]non #gi ,jean ,loret #hb ,franois de la ,mo! le ,vay] #hc ,nicolas ,f\quet #hf ,basile ,f\quet #hg ,jean ,*apela9 #hh ,pompone de ,bellivre #hi ,h5ri de la ,t\r d',auv]gne1 ,vicomte de ,tur5ne1 ,m>*al de ,france #ij ,jean-,bapti/e ,colb]t #ia ,,rembr&t4 ,! ,w9dmill #if ,view ( ,am/]dam #ig ,! ,?ree ,trees #ajb ,six's ,bridge #ajc ,l&scape ) a ,boat 9 ! ,canal #ajd ,f>m ) ,trees & a ,t[] #aje ,! ,gold-weigh]'s ,field #ajf ,l&scape ) a ,milkman #ajg ,f4 ,,polanzani4 ,portrait ( ,giovanni ,batti/a ,piranesi #aab ,,piranesi4 ,ar* ( ,septimius ,sev]us #aac ,ar* ( ,vespasian #aad ,ar* ( ,trajan at ,b5ev5to1 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,naples #aae ,! ,basilica1 ,p/um #aaf ,! ,temple ( ,neptune at ,p/um #aag ,! ,temple ( ,concord #aah ,site ( ! ,anci5t ,roman ,=um #aai ,view ( ! 8,campo ,vacc9o0 #abj ,! ,ar* ( ,titus #aba ,! ,ar* ( ,titus #abb ,faade ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an #abc ,view ( ! ,ru9s ( ! ,gold5 ,h\se ( ,n]o1 ,commonly ,call$ ! ,temple ( ,peace #abd ,int]ior ( ! ,pan!on1 ,rome #abe ,piazza ,navona1 ,rome #abf ,int]ior ( ! ,villa ( ,mc5as1 at ,tivoli #abg ,! ,temple ( ,apollo1 ne> ,tivoli #abh ,! ,falls at ,tivoli #abi ,! ,falls at ,tivoli #acj ,/4 ,pet]'s & ! ,vatican #aca ,! ,villa d',e/e at ,tivoli #acb ,title-page ( 8,! ,prisons0 #acc ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,iii #acd ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,iv #ace ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,v #acf ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,vi #acg ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,ix #ach ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,vii #aci ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,viii #adj ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,xi #ada ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,xiii #adb ,! ,prisons4 ,plate ,,xiv #adc ,,francesco ,,piranesi4 ,/atue ( ,piranesi #adf ,,piranesi4 ,antique ,m>ble ,vase #adg ,section ( "o ( ! ,sides ( ! ,great ,room1 or ,libr>y1 ( ,e>l ,mansfield's ,villa at ,k5wood4 ,engrav$ by ,i4 ,zuc*i #adh ,ionic ,ord] ( ! ,ant]oom1 ) ! re/ ( ! ,detail ( t ,room at ,sion ,h\se1 ! ,seat ( ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l& 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,middlesex4 ,engrav$ by ,piranesi #adi ,title-page to 8,il ,campo ,m>zio dell',antica ,roma0 #aej ,upp] left-h& ,portion1 be>+ a ,d$ication to ,rob]t ,adam1 ( ,piranesi's et*$ plan ( ! ,campus ,m>tius #aea ,,goya4 ,portrait ( ,goya1 drawn & et*$ by himself #aed ,! ,dead ,bran* #aee ,back to 8 ,ance/ors6 #aef 8,birds ( a ,fea!r ,flock ,toge!r0 #aeg ,!y h ,kidnapp$ h] #aeh 8,bon ,voyage60 #aei ,! ,infuriat$ ,/allion #afj ,! ,bird-,m5 #afa ,good ,advice #afb ,god ,=give h]--,x's h] own ,"m6 #afc ,love & ,dea? #afd ,hunt+ = ,tee? #afe ,,=tuny4 ,arab wat*+ beside ! ,dead ,body ( 8 ,fri5d #aff ,idyll #afg ,! ,s]5ade #afh ,a ,moroccan ,seat$ #afi ,a ,horse ( ,morocco #agj ,int]ior ( ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,joseph1 ,madrid #aga ,,portrait ,,( ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,at ! ,age ( ,sixty-two4 ,by ,c4 ,w4 ,%]born #agd ,,had54 ,portrait ( ,seym\r ,had5 et*$ by himself at ! ,age ( ,=ty-f\r #age ,portrait ( ,sir ,seym\r ,had54 ,by ,a4 ,legros #agf ,woodcote ,manor4 ,by ,p]cy ,?omas #agg ,reproduction ( a ,page ( ,manuscript 9 ! ,h&writ+ ( ,sir ,seym\r ,had5 #agh ,facsimile ( ! ,c]tificate ( ,seym\r ,had5's ,c&idacy = ,memb]%ip 9 ! ,a!num ,club #agi ,:i/l]'s ,h\se1 ,old ,*elsea #ahj ,batt]sea ,rea* #aha ,out ( ,/udy ,w9d[ #ahb ,?omas ,had5 ( ,d]by #ahc ,,portrait ,,( ,,seym\r ,,had5 9 #ahhb 7photograph7 #ahd ,,portrait ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,by ,j4 ,wells ,*ampney #ahe ,mytton ,hall #ahf ,on ! ,te/ #ahg ,a ,by-road 9 ,tipp]>y #ahh ,a ,sunset 9 ,irel& #ahi ,a ,lanca%ire ,riv] #aij ,sawley ,abbey #aia ,! ,break+-up ( ! ,agamemnon #aib ,calais ,pi] #aic ,an ,e>ly ,ris] #aid ,h>le* #aie ,salmon ,pool on ! ,spey #aih ,old ,oaks1 ,*atswor? #aii ,c\rse ( ! ,ribble bel[ ,pre/on #bjj ,d9kley ,f]ry #bja ,encombe ,woods #bjb ,an ,eld]ly ,c\ple1 ,*atswor? ,p>k #bjc ,,bracquemond4 ,frontispiece = 8,les ,fleurs du ,mal0 ( ,baudelaire #bjf ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,baudelaire4 ,by ,bracquemond #bjg ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,m]yon4 ,by ,bracquemond #bjh ,,m]yon4 ,le ,pont au ,*ange #bji ,le ,petit ,pont #baj ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,m]yon4 ,by ,flam5g #baa ,,bracquemond4 ,ducks at ,play #bbj ,a ,flock ( ,teal ,alight+ #bba ,pheasants at ,dawn3 ,morn+ ,mi/s #bbb ,! ,ba!r 7,can>ds ,surpris7 #bbc ,geese 9 a ,/orm #bbd ,sea-gulls #bbe ,! ,old ,cock #bbf ,swall[s 9 ,flight #bbg ,,lep,,re4 ,rheims ,ca!dral #bbh ,belle ,mat9e4 ,automne #bbi ,vue du ,port de la ,meule #bcj ,peupli]s ,tt>ds #bca ,le ,m\l9 des ,*apelles #bcd ,a ,g5tilly #bcd ,la ,*aumire du ,vieux ,pe*eur #bce ,le ,nid #bce ,prov9s #bcf ,l',eglise de ,j\y le ,m\ti] #bcf ,l',enfant ,prodigue #bcg ,,web/]4 ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\5 #bdj ,la ,rue ,gr5i] sur l',eau1 ,p>is #bda ,quai ,montebello #bdb ,le ,pont ,neuf1 ,p>is #bdc ,la ,rue ,c>d9ale #bdd ,la ,rue de la ,p>*em9]ie1 ,p>is #bde ,/4 ,saturn91 ,t\l\se #bdf ,anci5ne ,facult de ,mdec9e1 ,p>is #bdg ,notre ,dame des ,&elys #bdh ,port des ,m>m\sets1 ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\5 #bdi ,vieilles ,maisons1 ,rue ,hautefeuille1 ,p>is #bej ,la ,r\te de ,l\vi]s #bea ,b5d]gasse1 ,frank=t #beb ,cortl&t ,/reet1 ,new ,york #bec ,l[5pltz*51 ,frank=t #bed ,d] ,lang] ,franz1 ,frank=t #bee ,! ,old ,bridge1 ,frank=t #bef ,la ,rue ,/4 ,jacques1 ,p>is #beg ,,zorn4 ,portrait ( ! ,arti/ & 8 ,wife #bfj ,! ,waltz #bfa ,madame ,simon #bfb ,erne/ ,r5an #bfc ,augu/ ,/r9db]g #bfd ,sunday ,morn+ 9 ,dalec>lia #bfe ,! ,ba!r1 ,seat$ #bff ,edo #bfg ,,preface 8,good w9e ne$s no bu%10 & ^! essays ne$ no comm5datory ^w f ! ,editor4 ,! plan ( ?is book is a simple "o4 ,c]ta9 lov]s ( pr9ts h be5 ask$ to write on ! engrav]s1 et*]s1 or p]iods :i* *iefly int]e/ !m & ^u :i* !y are be/ qualifi$ to speak2 &1 fur!rmore1 to treat _! special subjects 9 _! own way4 ,s f> z subject matt] is conc]n$1 ! essays are gr\p$ approximately 9 *ronological ord]1 & ! read] may range f ,italian engrav]s be=e ! "t ( ,raphael & woodcuts by ,albre*t ,dr] to contempor>y et*+s by ,zorn1 ,lepre1 & ,h]man ,a4 ,web/]4 ,?r\gh\t ! essays "o dom9ant note w be f\nd--a s9c]e love ( ,pr9ts & an int]e/ 9 _! ,mak]s4 ,,fitzroy ,,c>r+ton4 ,new ,york1 ,septemb]1 #aiab4 ,d,,r]',s ,,woodcuts ,,by ,,campbell ,,dodgson1 ,m4,a4 ,keep] ( ,pr9ts & ,draw+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,au?or ( ! ,catalogue ( ,g]man & ,flemi% ,woodcuts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ,honor>y ,secret>y ( ! ,dr] ,society ,! fir/ decade ( ! tw5tie? c5tury lies n v f> beh9d u1 b p]haps x is n too soon to ass]t t "o ( its m>k$ features1 9 ! retrospect ( a pr9t-lov]1 is a great revival or ext5sion ( int]e/ 9 e =m ( engrav+ among cultivat$ p :o are n speciali/s4 ,increas$ att5tion has be5 paid1 among o!r ?+s1 to ! ,g]man woodcuts ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 :i* us$ to be r despis$ by ! old-fa%ion$ n9ete5?-c5tury collector1 ) a few enlight5$ exceptions1 z r\gh & ugly old ?+s :i* 7 curi\s z specim5s ( antiquity or in/ructive z illu/rations ( ! life & religion ( ! g5]ations t produc$ !m1 b 7 n to be tak5 v s]i\sly z works ( art4 ,t e/imate is be+ revis$4 ,a g5]ation no long] bl9d$ to ! m]its ( primitive art by ! wor%ip ( ,raphael & ! antique is ev] tapp+ fre% s\rces ( delight & enri*+ itself by ! p]ception ( beauty :]e its fa!rs saw n\ght b ! grotesque & qua9t4 ,x is n surpris+1 inde$1 t ,g]man art has made sl[] progress ?an ,italian on ! road to popul>ity4 ,ev5 ! primitives1 on ! s\? side ( ! ,alps1 %>$ 9 ! w9n+ grace & suavity ( ! old ,m$it]ranean culture1 :ile _! bre?r5 9 ! ,nor?1 ! ,fr5* except$1 7 indisputably m rugg$ & b>b>\s 9 draughtsman%ip & pa9t+1 & few ( _! engrav]s1 except ,s*ongau]1 c vie ) ! ,flor5t9es if _! a*ievem5ts are judg$ by ! te/ ( =mal beauty4 ,b x is wond]ful h[1 9 ! ,nor?1 n[ & aga91 art c\ld sudd5ly blossom & rip5 "u ! creative impulse ( an innovator1 ^: successors1 r ?an ! pione] himself1 lay !mselves op5 to ! *>ge ( angul>ity & unc\?ness4 ,! p]fection ( ! v e>lie/ pr9t$ books is a commonplace4 ,less g5]ally kn[n1 p]haps1 is ! great beauty to :i* ! e>lie/ ( all ! ,g]man engrav]s kn[n to u at all z a p]sonality1 ?\gh n by "n1 0 capable ( atta9+4 ,! 8,ma/] ( ! ,play+-,c>ds10 :o 0 at "w ab\t #adcj-dj1 produc$ "w ( extraord9>y *>m1 n only 9 "s ( ! figures1 animals & fl[]s ( ! play+-c>ds !mselves1 b especially 9 ! l>ge engrav+ ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y ) ! human-head$ s]p5t1 or ,lili?1 b5ea? h] feet1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ spl5did & mature creations ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!n1 aga91 ! e>ly book illu/rators ( ,augsburg & ,ulm1 9 ! sev5ties1 :5 ! use ( blocks = su* a purpose _h only rec5tly come 91 produc$ woodcuts t 7 nev] surpass$ by any successors 9 _! simple & direct vivacity & /r5g?1 ) ! utmo/ economy ( l9e4 ,b ! real beauty ( "s ( ! mu* e>li] s+le woodcuts1 illu/rat+1 *iefly1 ! leg5ds ( ,our ,lady & ! ,sa9ts1 has be5 mu* less g5]ally appreciat$4 ,!y are v r>e1 & mo/ ( !m repose1 9 a seclusion seldom di/urb$1 9 _! boxes 9 ! great ,european pr9t-rooms or ev5 9 mona/ic libr>ies4 ,!y are only beg9n+ to be reproduc$1 & !y are r>ely exhibit$4 ,b su* an exhibition ( ! e>lie/ ,g]man woodcuts z 0 held at ,b]l9 9 ! summ] ( #aijh 0 truly a revelation4 ,! s(t & r\nd$ features1 ! fl[+ l9es ( ! drap]y1 9 ! pr9ts ( ! g5]ation be=e %>p1 brok5 folds 7 introduc$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 h some?+ ( ! *>m ( ,f> ,ea/]n art1 & ! gay color+ ) :i* mo/ ( ! pr9ts 7 f9i%$ has (t5 a delightfully decorative effect :5 !y are fram$ & hung at a prop] di/ance f ! eye4 ,su* praise is due1 ( c\rse1 only to "s ( ! *oic] examples2 !re are pl5ty ( fifte5?-c5tury woodcuts 9 :i* ! l9e is m]ely clumsy & ! color+ m]ely gaudy1 b ^! are m (t5 products ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury ?an ( its beg9n+ or middle4 ,x w\ld n be true to say t ! advance ( "t br\ght ) x progress & p]fection 9 ! woodcutt]'s art2 on ! contr>y1 ! fir/ vital impulse sp5t itself all too soon1 & gave way to ?\ghtless & un9tellig5t imitation4 ,illu/ration3 ,albre*t ,dr] ,cont]feyt 9 se9em alt] ,des ,l ,v ,i4 ,j>es4 ,d,,r]4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,alb]t ,d,,r]1 ,,ag$ #ef ,! r>e second /ate 7( #c /ates7 be=e ! monogram ( ,dr] & ! date #aebg ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #ab #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,f\r ,,rid]s ,,( ,,! ,,apocalypse ,f 8,! ,apocalypse0 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #ae #aa in*es ,:at 0 ! /ate ( ?+s :5 ,dr] appe>$ ^u ! sc5e8 ,he did s long be=e ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 = 8 fir/ au!nticat$ woodcut is an illu/ration to ,/4 ,j]ome's ,epi/les1 pr9t$ at ,basle 9 #adib4 ,:e!r he or an unkn[n arti/ is responsible = a l>ge numb] ( o!r illu/rations produc$ at ,basle ab\t #adic-ie1 is a "q ab\t :i* no cons5sus ( op9ion has be5 =m$1 & ?is is n ! place to discuss x4 ,all ! woodcuts t ! _w kn[s & e/eems z ,dr]'s 7 produc$ at ,nuremb]g aft] 8 return f ! fir/ ,v5etian j\rney 7#adie74 ,let u see1 = a mom5t1 h[ !y /& comp>ison ) :at _h gone be=e !m4 ,! old] woodcuts are ne>ly all anonym\s1 & if !y be> any signature1 x is t ( a woodcutt] 7,=ms*neid] or ,briefmal]7 :o 0 a craftsman alli$ to ! jo9]1 r ?an ! pa9t]4 ,j be=e ,dr]'s "t ! pa9t] beg9s to make 8 appe>ance on ! sc5e z a design] ( woodcuts4 ,!re are a few isolat$ cases 9 :i* ! almo/ univ]sal rule ( anonymity is brok51 & we le>n f ! preface to a book ! "n ( ! arti/ :o design$ ! illu/rations4 ,breyd5ba*'s 8,travels to ! ,holy ,l&0 7,ma9z1 #adhf7 0 illu/rat$ by woodcuts aft] ,erh>d ,reuwi*1 or ,rewi*1 a native ( ,utre*t1 :o _h accompani$ ! au?or on 8 j\rney1 & ! imm5se numb] ( woodcuts 9 ! 8,nuremb]g ,*ronicle0 by ,h>tmann ,s*$el 7#adic7 7 ! "w ( ! pa9t]s ,wohlgemu? & ,pleyd5wurff2 to :om ! mu* f9] illu/rations ( ! 8,s*atzbehalt]0 7#adia7 may also safely be attribut$4 ,x is n[ almo/ univ]sally believ$ t ! 8,ma/] ( ! ,hausbu*10 "o ( ,dr]'s mo/ gift$ pr$ecessors 9 ! art ( engrav+ on copp]1 0 also a prolific illu/rator1 ! pr9cipal "w assign$ to him be+ ! num]\s illu/rations 9 ! 8,spiegel d] m5s*li*5 ,behaltnis0 pr9t$ by ,pet] ,dra* at ,spey] ab\t #adgh-hj4 ,!re are speculations1 m or less ill-f\nd$1 ab\t ! illu/rators ( a few o!r woodcut books ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 b ,i believe x is true t ! fir/ book aft] ^? already nam$ 9 :i* ! arti/'s "n is settl$ beyond d\bt is ,dr]'s 8,apocalypse0 ( #adih4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,:ore ,,( ,,babylon1 ,,seat$ ,,^u ,,! ,,bea/ ,,) ,,sev5 ,,heads ,,& ,,t5 ,,horns ,f 8,! ,apocalypse0 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #ae #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,*ri/ ,,be>+ ,,8 ,,cross ,f 8,! ,great ,passion0 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #ae #aa in*es ,dr4 ,naumann1 ! editor ( a rec5t facsimile ( ! cuts 9 ! ,spey] book j m5tion$1 claims = ! 8,hausbu*mei/]0 t he 0 ! fir/ pa9t]1 or pa9t]-engrav]1 :o attempt$ to get ! mo/ out ( ! craftsm5 employ$ 9 cutt+ blocks f 8 designs4 ,t is r a speculative op9ion1 & ! woodcuts 9 "q are n1 f ! te*nical po9t ( view1 sup]ior to _m o!r contempor>y illu/rations4 ,b !re c be no "q t ,dr] effect$ an imm5se re=m 9 ?is respect1 & c>ri$ ! te*nique ( wood-engrav+ to a p]fection unp>allel$ 9 its previ\s hi/ory4 ,n by 8 own h&iwork1 = !re is no reason to suppose t ,dr] ev] cut 8 blocks himself4 ,all ! evid5ce po9ts1 on ! contr>y1 to 8 hav+ foll[$ ! univ]sal practice ( ! "t1 accord+ to :i* ! design] drew ! composition 9 all detail ^u ! wood block1 & employ$ a pr(essional engrav] to cut ! block1 pres]v+ all ! l9es intact1 & cutt+ away ! spaces betwe5 !m1 s t ! result 0 a facsimile ( ! draw+ z accurate z ! craftsman 0 capable ( mak+ x4 ,dr] set 8 engrav]s1 we may be sure1 a h>d] task ?an !y _h ev] _h to grapple ) be=e1 & he mu/ h succe$$ 9 gradually tra9+ a man1 or gr\p ( m51 on :om he c\ld rely to pres]ve 8 draw+ 9 all its delicacy & intricate complexity4 ,?is 0 a "w ( "t1 & p]fection 0 n rea*$ till aft] ,dr]'s return f 8 second j\rney to ,v5ice1 :5 a great increase ( ref9em5t on ! te*nical side becomes noticeable1 culm9at+ 9 t extraord9>y p]=mance1 ! ,holy ,tr9ity woodcut ( #aeaa4 ,b ev5 9 ! l>ge fifte5?-c5tury blocks1 ! 8,apocalypse10 ! e>li] portion ( ! 8,great ,passion0 & ! contempor>y s+le subjects1 mu* cross-hat*+ is us$ & ! space is fill$ ) detail to an ext5t hi!rto unkn[n4 ,)\t ev] los+ sight ( ! g5]al decorative effect1 ! tell+ patt]n ( black & :ite1 ,dr] put 9 a va/ am\nt ( int]e/+ little ?+s1 ) ! consci5ti\sness & c>e t *>act]iz$ ev]y?+ t he did1 & e detail ( ! leaves ( a ?i/le or f]n1 or ( ! elaborate ornam5t1 birds & fl[]s & foliage & rams' heads1 on ! base ( a ,go?ic c&le-/ick1 _h to be reproduc$ s t ! crisp cle>ness ( ! orig9al p5-draw+ lo/ no?+ ( its precision4 ,! result 0 a "w s p]fectly complete 9 black & :ite1 z x /ood1 t nobody ev] ?\ght ( color+ x1 & t 9 itself 0 a great innovation & advance4 ,! fifte5?-c5tury 8,illum9ir]10 or ! patron :o gave him 8 ord]s1 seems to h _h an in/9ctive respect = excell5t & highly f9i%$ "w 9 black & :ite1 :i* made him leave x alone4 ,l9e-engrav+s ( ! fifte5? c5tury are v frequ5tly f\nd color$1 b !y are usually q second-rate specim5s1 & pr9ts by ! great m51 su* z ! 8,ma/] ,e4 ,s40 & ,s*ongau]1 7 respect$ & left alone4 ,b su* consid]ation 0 n (t5 %[n to woodcuts1 :i* 7 frequ5tly color$1 especially :5 us$ z illu/rations1 well into ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 v r>ely1 h[ev]1 t any illum9ator laid pr(ane h&s on any?+ ( ,dr]'s1 woodcut or engrav+1 & :5 he did s ! result is /upid & disagreeable1 = x is always ! "w ( a lat] g5]ation1 out ( t\* ) ,dr]'s g5ius4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,resurrection ,f 8,! ,great ,passion0 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #ae #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,samson ,,& ,,! ,,lion ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #ae #aj in*es ,x may be said t if ,dr] & 8 contempor>ies did n cut _! own blocks1 ! woodcuts are n orig9al pr9ts by ! ma/]s !mselves4 ,x mu/ be conc$$ t !y are n orig9al pr9ts q 9 ! same s5se z engrav+s & et*+s1 9 :i* ! :ole "w 0 c>ri$ out ^u ! plate by ! ma/]s' own h&1 b x w\ld be a mi/ake to describe !m z examples ( reproductive engrav+4 ,su* a ?+ z a reproductive engrav+ 01 9 fact1 unkn[n 9 ! ,g]many ( ,dr]'s "t4 ,a design orig9ally project$ 9 "o m$ium might be reproduc$ 9 ano!r 9 a case :]e an engrav+ by ,s*ongau]1 or ,meck551 or ,dr] himself1 0 copi$ by "s inf]ior woodcutt]1 z an act ( piracy1 = a booksell] :o 0 too /+y to pay an arti/ to draw him a new ,virg9 or ,sa9t = 8 purpose4 ,b x w\ld nev] h occurr$ to any "o to reproduce an engrav+ or woodcut1 a picture or draw+1 done = its own sake1 z a sep>ate & complete "w ( art4 ,reproductions ( pictures sc>cely exi/ 9 ,g]man art ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 !y are common] 9 ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 among ! woodcutt]s influ5c$ by ,titian1 & ,rub5s e/abli%$ ! practice once = all by 8 enc\ragem5t ( engrav+ f 8 pictures1 a c5tury aft] ,dr]'s "t4 ,b :5 woodcutt+ 0 tak5 up by ! ,g]man pa9t]s1 ) ,dr] z _! lead]1 = ! purpose ( circulat+ _! compositions at a *eap] price ?an !y c\ld *>ge = engrav+s ( _! own1 !y always _h a /rictly legitimate object accord+ to ! canons ( graphic art4 ,r>ely work+ ev5 f sket*es1 nev] f a "w already f9i%$ 9 ano!r m$ium1 !y drew ! subjects int5d$ = pr9t+ directly ^u ! block 9 a te*nique adapt$ = ! purpose1 avoid+ su* comb9ations ( l9es z ! mo/ skilful craftsm5 w\ld be unable to cut4 ,_! actual h&iwork 0 pres]v$ ^u ! surface ( ! block1 mu* z 9 ! mod]n orig9al li?ograph ! arti/'s actual "w survives ^u ! surface ( ! /one2 if x 0 9 any way disfigur$1 z (t51 no d\bt1 x 01 t mu/ be set d[n to failure on ! cutt]'s "p4 ,any?+ orig9al t ! cutt] puts 91 any sw]v+ t accid5t or clums9ess p]mits him to make f ! l9e fix$ by ! pa9t]'s p5 = him to foll[1 is a blemi%1 & ! be/ woodcuts ( ,dr]1 ,holbe91 ,baldung1 ,crana*1 ,burgkmair & ! re/ ( _! g5]ation h no su* blemi%es4 ,!y are /rictly autographic3 ! l9es t ! arti/'s p5 has trac$ rema9 & are immortaliz$ by ! pr9t+-press2 ! :ite spaces1 also limit$ by 8 controll+ w & purpose1 result f ! m]e me*anical cutt+ away ( blank wood t any neat-h&$ workman c p]=m4 ,s :5 we speak ( ! woodcuts ( ,millais1 ,rossetti1 ,:i/l]1 ,walk]1 ,p9well1 ,s&ys & ! re/ ( ! 8,m5 ( ! ,sixties10 we "k t ! blocks 7 cut by ,dalziel or ,swa91 b e good pr9t is none ! less :at ! design] meant x to be1 & :at none b himself c\ld h made x4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,annunciation ,,to ,,joa*im ,f 8,! ,life ( ! ,virg90 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #aa #h_/ in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,annunciation ,f 8,! ,life ( ! ,virg90 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #aa #h in*es ,( ,dr]'s woodcutt]s1 unluckily1 we "k no?+ till ! comp>atively late p]iod :5 he _h be5 enli/$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 ^: impos+1 b some:at pond]\s & p$antic1 ,triumphal ,ar* 0 cut f ! designs ( ,dr] & 8 s*ool by ,hi]onymus ,&re4 ,!re is mu* m in=mation ab\t ! ,augsburg cutt]s ?an ab\t ^? ( ,nuremb]g1 & !re is no s+le arti/ 9 ! latt] city ^: "w is s /rongly m>k$ out by its excell5ce f t ( 8 contempor>ies z 0 ,ltzelburg]'s1 :o cut ,holbe9's 8,dance ( ,dea?40 ,to und]/& ,dr]'s woodcuts aright1 x is necess>y to get to "k !m 9 _! *ronological sequ5ce4 ,9 cons]vative collections1 :]e !y are arrang$ by ord] ( subject1 on ! sy/em ( ,b>ts*1 ! /ud5t is cont9ually confus$ by ! juxtaposition ( q incongru\s pieces1 plac$ toge!r m]ely because 8,jrme10 = in/ance1 comes 9 alphabetical ord] next aft] 8,jean40 ,! ,briti% ,museum collection has be5 arrang$ = m ?an t5 ye>s pa/ 9 *ronological ord]1 :i*1 9 ,dr]'s case1 is unusually easy to det]m9e ) approximate accuracy1 because 8 me?odical turn ( m9d caus$ him to be fond ( dates1 :ile ! undat$ pieces c be fitt$ 9 )\t mu* difficulty by ! evid5ce ( /yle4 ,! ju/ification ( ! sy/em became all ! m app>5t :5 ! woodcuts 7 exhibit$ = a few mon?s 9 #aiji1 & fell naturally into consi/5t & coh]5t gr\ps ^u ! scre5s1 :ile sep>at$1 z a matt] ( practical conv5i5ce1 f ! engrav+s4 ,s9ce !n two ev5 m int]e/+ exp]im5ts h be5 made1 9 exhibitions held at ,liv]pool & ,brem51 t[>d a recon/ruction ( ,dr]'s entire life-"w 9 its *ronological sequ5ce1 8 pictures1 draw+s1 engrav+s & woodcuts--repres5t$ ma9ly1 ( c\rse1 by reproductions--be+ m]g$ 9 a s+le s]ies4 ,t is a timely w>n+ aga9/ ! risks ( excessive conc5tration ^u "o s+le side ( 8 _m activities1 b "h we w n digress fur!r f ! woodcuts1 :i* are at pres5t our !me4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt ,f 8,! ,life ( ! ,virg90 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #aa #h in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,assumption ,,& ,,cr[n+ ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,f 8,! ,life ( ! ,virg90 ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #aa #h in*es ,! s]ies op5s magnific5tly ) ! gr\p ( l>ge & /ately woodcuts1 ab\nd+ 9 vitality & dramatic inv5tion1 produc$ by ,dr] betwe5 #adie & #aejj4 ,^! include ! fifte5 subjects ( ! 8,apocalypse10 ! sev5 e>ly subjects ( ! 8,great ,passion0 7n complet$ until #aeaj-aa7 & sev5 deta*$ pieces uni=m ) ! two s]ies already nam$ 9 dim5sions & /yle1 b indep5d5t ( !m 9 subject4 ,! blocks ( ! majority ( ^! s+le pieces are n[1 by ! way1 9 an ,am]ican collection1 t ( ,mr4 ,junius ,s4 ,morgan1 b !y h suff]$ sadly f ! ravages ( ! worm4 ,!re is a c]ta9 exagg]ation & ov]-emphasis ( ge/ure 9 ! 8,apocalypse0 woodcuts1 b ,dr] nev] inv5t$ any?+ m sublime ?an ! celebrat$ ,f\r ,rid]s or ! ,/4 ,mi*ael defeat+ ! ,rebel ,angels1 :i* ,i reg>d z at lea/ equal to ! subject m frequ5tly prais$4 ,sup]b1 too1 is ! gr\p ( ,angels re/ra9+ ! ,f\r ,w9ds4 ,! l&scape at ! foot ( ,/4 ,john's ,vision ( ! ,f\r-&-tw5ty ,eld]s 7,b4 #fc7 is a complete picture by itself1 & !re is a r>e e>ly copy ( ?is portion alone1 :i* is itself a beautiful pr9t1 & d\btless ! e>lie/ pure l&scape woodcut 9 exi/5ce4 ,samson & ! ,lion1 ! my/]i\sly nam$ ,ercules & ! ,knight & ,man-at-arms1 (t5 describ$ z its companion1 & ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e are among ! f9e/ ( ! s+le subjects4 ,aft] ?is trem5d\sly impressive gr\p1 !re is = a "t a c]ta9 relaxation ( en]gy1 or r ,dr] 0 m b5t on o!r ?+s1 especially engrav+4 ,to ! ye>s #aejj-jd belong a numb] ( woodcuts ( ,holy ,families & ,sa9ts1 mu* small] ?an ! 8,apocalypse10 & r r\ghly cut4 ,"s critics h wi%$ to dismiss "o or ano!r ( !m z pupils' "w1 b = ?is !re is really no ju/ification4 ,!n comes ano!r v good p]iod1 t ( ! 8,life ( ! ,virg910 ( :i* set ,dr] _h f9i%$ sev5te5 subjects be=e he left = ,v5ice 9 #aeje1 :ile ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg9 & ,! ,assumption 7 add$ 9 #aeaj1 & ! frontispiece 9 #aeaa1 :5 ! :ole "w came out z a book1 assur$ly "o ( ! mo/ desirable picture-books ! _w has ev] se56 ,x is impossible to we>y ( ! beautiful compositions1 ! details drawn ) su* lov+ c>e1 ! t5d] & homely s5tim5t1 ! humor1 ev51 display$ 9 ! accessory figures ( ,! ,embrace ( ,joa*im & ,anne1 ! be]-dr9k+ gossips 9 ! ,bir? ( ! ,virg91 :]e ! atmosph]e ( ,/4 ,anne's *amb] is sweet5$ by an angelic ?urif]1 & ! m]ry gr\p ( angelic *ildr5 play+ r\nd ,joseph1 b5t on 8 c>p5t]'s bus9ess1 :ile _! eld]s keep solemn wat* r\nd ,m>y at h] di/aff & ! ,holy ,*ild 9 ! cradle4 ,we f9d l&scapes at lea/ z beautiful z ^? 9 ,dr]'s be/ engrav+s 9 ! pa/oral backgr\nd ( ! ,annunciation to ,joa*im & ! m\nta9\s di/ance ( ! ,visitation4 ,! ar*itectural sett+ ( ! ,pres5tation ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,temple1 & ! tall cross held al(t1 ) ! happie/ effect on ! composition1 by ! ,apo/le kneel+ on ! left 9 ,m>y's dea?-*amb]1 are among ! memorable features ( ! set4 ,beautiful aga91 especially 9 f9e pro(s1 is ! next & late/ ( ! long sets1 ! 8,little ,passion10 consi/+ ( ?irty-six subjects & a title-page1 begun 9 #aeji & f9i%$1 l all ! o!r books1 9 #aeaa4 ,b x has n ! monum5tal gr&eur ( ! e>li] religi\s sets1 & !re is an inevitable monotony ab\t ! incessant recurr5ce ( ! figure ( ,our ,"l1 :5 ! hi/ory ( ! ,passion is set =? 9 su* detail4 ,! mo/ orig9al & impressive subjects1 9 my op9ion1 are ,*ri/ ,appe>+ to ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 & ! next foll[+ x1 ,! ,supp] at ,emmaus4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,,9 ,,8 ,,cell ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #i #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,holy ,,family ,/4 ,anne1 att5d$ by ,/4 ,joseph & ,/4 ,joa*im1 receiv+ f ,8 ,"m ! ,infant ,jesus ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #i #f in*es ,! ye>s #aeaj & #aeaa 7 ! mo/ prolific ( all1 & witness$ ! publication ( o!r connect$ pieces1 ! ,behead+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,salome br++ ! ,bapti/'s ,head to ,h]od1 & !n ! ?ree little woodcuts1 ,*ri/ on ! ,cross1 ,dea? & ! ,soldi]1 & ,! ,s*oolma/]1 :i* ,dr] br\ght out on l>ge %eets at ! head ( 8 own v]ses1 sign$ ) a l>ge monogram at ! end ( all4 ,! s+le %eets ( #aeaa include1 besides ! m>vel\s ,tr9ity already m5tion$1 ! l>ge ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ! ,mass ( ,/4 ,gregory1 a ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,cell1 :i* is ! be/1 aft] ! celebrat$ engrav+ ( #aead1 ( ,dr]'s repeat$ v]sions ( t delightful subject2 ! ,ca9 & ,abel1 :i* is "o ( ! great r>ities2 two r unattractive ,holy ,families2 & ! beautiful squ>e ,sa9t ,*ri/oph]1 ( :i* _m f9e impressions are extant to be> witness to its te*nical virtues4 ,! av]age level ( all ! "w ( ! ye> #aeaa is s a/oni%+ly high1 t x mu/ be reg>d$ z ! culm9at+ p]iod ( ! woodcuts1 j z a slightly lat] "t1 ! ye>s #aeac-ad1 witnesses ! climax ( ! engrav+s4 ,9 ! next few ye>s ,dr]'s "t 0 mu* tak5 up ) c>ry+ out ! emp]or's important b r tiresome commissions = ! ,triumphal ,ar* & two ,triumphal ,c>s1 ! small "o :i* =ms "p ( ! ,procession1 & ! mu* bigg] affair1 ) ! twelve horses & allegorical ret9ue1 :i* did n appe> till #aebb4 ,all ?is gr\p (f]s a ri* field ( rese>* to ! antiqu>y1 b is simply un9telligible )\t a le>n$ comm5t>y1 & appeals mu* less ?an ! sacr$ subjects to ! av]age collector & lov] ( art1 :o _c une>? ! heaps ( p$antic ,lat9 & ,g]man lit]ature 9 :i* ! motives by :i* ,dr] 0 inspir$1 if ,i may use ! ^w1 lie buri$4 ,inspiration c]ta9ly flagg$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,wilibald ,pirkheim] & o!r le>n$ humani/s :o enc\rag$ ,maximilian 9 8 p5*ant = allegory1 & compell$ ,dr]1 probably some:at aga9/ 8 w1 to use a multitude ( symbols1 intelligible only to ! le>n$1 in/ead ( speak+ directly to ! populace 9 ! famili> pictorial language d]iv$ f old tradition b enri*$ & ennobl$ by 8 own mat*less art4 ,! lat] woodcuts are comp>atively few 9 numb]4 ,!y include a few t are prim>ily ( sci5tific int]e/1 su* z ! cele/ial & t]re/rial globes & ! armill>y sph]e1 besides ! num]\s illu/rations to ,dr]'s own works on ,measurem5t1 ,proportion1 & ,=tification4 ,b among !m are ! two spl5did portraits made f draw+s n[ 9 ! ,alb]t9a1 ! ,emp]or ,maximilian ( #aeah & ! ,ulri* ,v>nbl] ( #aebb4 ,( ! =m] sev]al v>ieties exi/1 f no less ?an f\r diff]5t blocks1 & x is n[ e/abli%$ t ! only orig9al v]sion is ! v r>e "o 9 :i* ! lett]s 8ae0 ( ! ^w 8,caes>0 are di/9ct1 n =m+ a diph?ong1 & plac$ )9 ! l>ge 8,c40 ,! o!r cuts are all copies1 produc$ probably at ,augsburg1 ! f9e l>ge "o1 ) an ornam5tal frame & ! imp]ial arms support$ by griff9s1 be+ indisputably ! "w ( ,hans ,weiditz4 ,only ?ree impressions ( ! orig9al are kn[n1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,b]l9 ,kupf]/i*kab9ett1 & ! ,h(biblio!k at ,vi5na1 9 addition to :i* ! cole des ,beaux-,arts at ,p>is possesses a fragm5t damag$ by fire at ! "t ( ! ,commune1 :5 x 0 /ill 9 private h&s4 ,x is m g5]ally kn[n t ! h&some *i>oscuro impressions ( ! ,v>nbl] date1 l ^? ( ! ,rh9oc]os1 f ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! color blocks hav+ be5 add$ 9 ,holl&4 ,! br[n & gre5 v>ieties belong to diff]5t editions1 di/+ui%$ by ! word+ ( ! publi%]'s address at ! foot1 :i* 9 ! majority ( cases has be5 cut (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,sa9t ,,*ri/oph] ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #h #h in*es ,illu/ration3 ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,) ,,! ,,_m ,,angels ,size ( ! orig9al woodcut1 #aa_/ #h in*es ,! ,virg9 ) ! _m ,angels1 ( #aeah1 is "o ( ,dr]'s mo/ accompli%$ woodcuts1 & q good impressions ( x are comp>atively common to-day4 ,! late/ ( 8 compositions ( ?is class1 ! ,holy ,family ) ,angels1 ( #aebf1 is1 on ! o!r h&1 extremely r>e4 ,"s critics d\bt its be+ an au!ntic "w ( ,dr]1 b 9 spite ( c]ta9 r ecc5tric & unpleasant peculi>ities 9 ! draw+1 ,i consid] ?is scepticism unf\nd$4 ,q at ! end ( ,dr]'s life comes t r fasc9at+ subject1 ,! ,siege ( a ,=tress1 unique among ,dr]'s woodcuts 9 ! t9y scale on :i* its c\ntless details are drawn4 ,( ! _m h]aldic woodcuts & ex-libris attribut$ by ,b>ts* & o!rs to ,dr]1 v few c be reg>d$ z 8 g5u9e "w1 & mo/ ( ^! are v r>e4 ,! be/ au!nticat$ are 8 own coat ( arms2 ! arms ( ,f]d9& ,i 9 ! book on ,=tification2 ^? ( ,mi*el ,behaim1 ( :i* ! block is extant ) a lett] writt5 by ,dr] on ! back2 ! arms ( ,rogg5dorf1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s ,j\rnal1 ( :i* only "o impression is kn[n1 & ! arms ( ,lor5z ,/aib]1 ( :i* ! orig9al v]sion is also unique4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! ,ebn] book-plate ( #aeaf is by ,dr]2 ! mu* e>li] ,pirkheim] book-plate is intimately connect$ ) ! illu/rations to ! books by ,celtes1 & _c be reg>d$ z a c]ta9 "w ( ! ma/] himself1 :ile ! arms ( ,johann ,ts*]tte are also d\bt$4 ,x is a =tunate circum/ance = ! museums & collectors ( to-day t ,dr]'s pr9ts h always be5 e/eem$1 & 8 monogram 0 held 9 su* respect & s g5]ally recogniz$ z ! m>k ( some?+ good t !y h be5 pres]v$ dur+ f\r c5turies1 :ile s mu* t 0 int]e/+ 0 all[$ to p]i% because x 0 unsign$ or its signature 0 n recogniz$ z ! "w ( any "o important4 ,x may be p>adoxical to say t ,dr]s are common2 few ( !m are to be _h at any p>ticul> mom5t :5 "o wants to get !m2 b !y are common] ?an any o!r pr9ts ( _! p]iod1 & a l>ge numb] ( impressions ( "s subjects mu/ come into ! m>ket 9 ! c\rse ( e t5 ye>s4 ,b ! sort ( ,dr] ! collector wants1 ! really beautiful1 fre%1 clean impression1 ) ! "r wat]m>k & g5u9e1 unbrok5 bord]-l9e1 is n1 & nev] has be51 common4 ,x is surpris+ h[ few1 ev5 ( ! fam\s museums ( ,europe1 h a really f9e collection ( ! woodcuts1 p]haps because s _m ( !m 7 =m$ "s g5]ations ago 9 uncritical times1 :5 p 7 apt to ?9k x en\gh if ! subject 0 repres5t$1 9 :atev] condition x might be4 ,! fir/-rate pro(s are sc>ce1 & gett+ sc>c] e ye>2 :5 !y are to be _h1 !y %\ld be grasp$ & treasur$4 ,,"s ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,engrav]s ,,be=e ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,m>cantonio ,,by ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,h9d ,( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,pr9ts & ,draw+s1 ,briti% ,museum ,au?or ( 8,catalogue ( ,e>ly ,italian ,engrav+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum10 8,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+ & ,et*+10 8,rembr&t's ,et*+s3 an ,essay & a ,catalogue10 etc4 ,fifte5?-c5tury ,italian engrav+ is n an easy hunt+-gr\nd = ! collector1 b x is "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ n less = its own sake ?an = ! difficulty ( secur+ "o's prize4 ,f ! "t ( ,raphael onw>d ,italian engrav+ pres5ts an ov]:elm+ly l>ge proportion ( reproductions ( pictures1 & loses on t acc\nt its prim>y int]e/4 ,b 9 ! fifte5? & ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 ! engrav]s1 ?\gh = ! mo/ "p less accompli%$ craftsm51 7 arti/s ( real indep5d5ce4 ,we may 9 "s cases exagg]ate ?is indep5d5ce ?r\gh n kn[+ ! s\rces :i* !y us$1 b ! m]e lack ( t k adds a p>ticul> int]e/ to _! pr9ts4 ,treat$ n only 9 virtue ( _! special claim z engrav+s1 b m]ely z designs1 we f9d some?+ 9 !m :i* ! pa9t+s ( ! p]iod d n (f] u4 ,9 g5]al1 ! pres5ce & influ5ce ( "o ( ! great] arti/ic p]sonalities ( ! "t may be recogniz$1 b seldom def9itely en\gh = u to trace ! pa9t]'s imm$iate direction4 ,mantegna is ! mo/ brilliant exception ( a pa9t] ( fir/ rank :o is kn[n to h h&l$ ! grav] at ?is p]iod4 ,b =gett+ ! great names x is rem>kable h[ 9 ! e>ly ,r5aissance 9 ,italy ev5 ! second>y craftsm5 produc$ "w ( ! same inexpressible *>m t p]vades ! great ma/]pieces4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful examples ,i c cite is ! ,triumph ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 :i* is kn[n only 9 ! ,briti% ,museum impression4 ,x has all ! fasc9ation ( ,botticelli's /yle )\t be+ q ,botticelli--unless ! engrav] himself is to acc\nt = ! co>s5+ 9 ! draw+ ( individual =ms4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne1 ! great au?ority on ,botticelli & 8 s*ool1 ?9ks x is by ,b>tolommeo di ,giovanni 7,b]5son's 8,alunno di ,dom5ico074 ,b :e!r imm$iately aft] ,botticelli or aft] "s m9or arti/ ( ! s*ool1 !re is ! same delightful fl[ & rhy?mic motion 9 ! design t "o ?9ks ( 9 relation to ,botticelli's ,spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,triumph ,,( ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne ,aft] a design by a close foll[] ( ,botticelli1 possibly by ,b>tolommeo di ,giovanni 8,b :e!r imm$iately aft] ,botticelli or aft] "s m9or arti/ ( ! s*ool1 !re is ! same delightful fl[ & rhy?mic motion 9 ! design t "o ?9ks ( 9 relation to ,botticelli's ,spr+4444 ,we c\ld ill af=d to lose ! *>m ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e ,triumph ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne = all ! f9i%$ beauty ( ,m>cantonio's ,lucretia1 & x is /ill ! y\? ( arti/ic developm5t1 ) its nave joy & fre%ness ( outlook1 :i* holds u ) ! /rong] spell40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,reproduc$ f ! unique impression 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #bb in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,assumption ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,flor5t9e engrav+1 9 ! ,broad ,mann]1 aft] a design by ,botticelli 8,mo/ important ( all ! contempor>y engrav+s aft] ,botticelli is ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg94444 ,an orig9al /udy by ,botticelli = ! figure ( ,/4 ,?omas1 :o is receiv+ ! girdle ( ! ,virg91 is 9 ,tur91 & cl9*es ! argum5t 9 favor ( ,botticelli's au?or%ip4 ,! view ( ,rome1 a record ( ,botticelli's visit1 is an int]e/+ feature ( ! l&scape40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #cb #bb in*es ,botticelli 0 9 e>ly life "u ! imm$iate inspiration1 if n 9 ! v s]vice1 ( ! great goldsmi? ,pollaiuolo 7witness 8 picture ( ,=titude 9 ,flor5ce74 ,"o almo/ expects 9 consequ5ce t he may at "s p]iod h tri$ 8 h& at engrav+1 b !re is no pro( t he did any?+ besides supply+ ! engrav]s ) designs4 ,8 *ief connection ) ! engrav]s 0 9 ! s]ies ( plates done = ,l&9o's edition ( ,dante's 8,div9e ,com$y0 7,flor5ce1 #adha74 ,altoge!r n9ete5 plates 7& a repetition ( "o subject7 are kn[n1 b al?\gh spaces are left ?r\gh\t ! :ole edition = an illu/ration to ea* canto1 x is only 9 r>e copies t m ?an two or ?ree are f\nd4 ,ev5 ! f9e pres5tation copy to ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici 7n[ 9 ! ,national ,libr>y1 ,flor5ce7 is )\t a s+le plate1 %[+ p]haps ! small reg>d t 0 paid to engrav+ = book decoration at t p]iod4 ,?is lack ( appreciation & ! difficulties 7or d\ble labor7 ! pr9t]s exp]i5c$ 9 comb9+ copp]plate impressions ) type l$ soon aft] ?is & a few o!r exp]im5ts ( ! p]iod to ! use ( woodcut z ! regul> mode ( book illu/ration = well ov] a c5tury4 ,ap>t f ! plates to ?is edition1 ,botticelli's devotion to ,dante is %[n 9 ! beautiful s]ies ( p5 draw+s--9 ! mo/ subtly expressive outl9e--pres]v$ at ,b]l9 & 9 ! ,vatican4 ,x seems on ! :ole probable t !y are lat] ?an ! #adha edition1 s t we _c po9t to ! orig9al draw+s = ! pr9ts4 ,mo/ important ( all ! contempor>y engrav+s aft] ,botticelli is ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 ! l>ge/ ( all ! pr9ts ( ! p]iod 7pr9t$ f two plates1 & measur+ altoge!r ab\t #hb4e #ef cm474 ,an orig9al /udy by ,botticelli = ! figure ( ,/4 ,?omas1 :o is receiv+ ! girdle ( ! ,virg91 is 9 ,tur91 & cl9*es ! argum5t 9 favor ( ,botticelli's au?or%ip4 ,! view ( ,rome1 a record ( ,botticelli's visit1 is an int]e/+ feature ( ! l&scape4 ,?is engrav+ is produc$ 9 :at has be5 call$ ! ,,broad ,,mann] 9 contradi/9ction to ! ,,f9e ,,mann]1 e4g4 ( ! ,dante pr9ts4 ,9 ! ,,broad ,,mann] ! l9es are laid *iefly 9 op5 p>allels1 & g5]ally ! %ad+ is emphasiz$ ) a light] return /roke laid at a small angle betwe5 ! p>allels4 ,its aim is ess5tially ! imitation ( p5 draw+ aft] ! mann] ( su* draughtsm5 z ,pollaiuolo & ,mantegna4 ,! ,,f9e ,,mann] on ! o!r h& %[s %ad+ 9 close cross-hat*+ 7some:at pat*y & cl\dy 9 effect 9 mo/ ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e pr9ts71 & gives ! appe>ance ( imitat+ a wa% draw+4 ,! two mann]s may be well comp>$ 9 ! s]ies ( 8,prophets & ,sibyls10 :i* exi/s 9 two v]sions1 ! e>li] be+ 9 ! ,f9e1 & ! lat] 9 ! ,broad ,mann]4 ,! fir/ s]ies %[s a craftsman :o drew l>gely f ,g]man s\rces 7putt+ a ,/4 ,john ( ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 into ! habit ( ! ,libyan ,sibyl74 ,9 ! second we h an arti/ :o disc>d$ all ! ugly & awkw>d features :i* orig9at$ 9 ! ,g]man orig9als1 & %[$ ?r\gh\t a f> tru] feel+ = beauty & a mu* f9] p[] ( draughtsman%ip ?an ! e>li] engrav]4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,horne suspects1 rightly ,i ?9k1 t ,botticelli himself directly inspir$ ?is trans=mation ( ! 8,prophets & ,sibyls40 ,?r\gh our lack ( k ( ! engrav]s ( ?is e>ly p]iod 9 ,flor5ce we are driv5 to a r con/ant use ( ! some:at unattractive di/9ctions ( ! ,f9e & ,broad ,mann]s4 ,we may claim1 h[ev]1 to h advanc$ a little fur!r 9 ! elucidation ( que/ions ( au?or%ip1 ?\gh ! great ,g]man au?ority on ?is p]iod1 ,dr4 ,kri/ell] ( ,b]l91 w\ld /ill keep practically all ! e>ly ,flor5t9e engrav+s 9 an unassailable anonymity4 ,?is is ( c\rse bett] ?an class+ all ! engrav+s ( ! p]iod & s*ool1 bo? 9 ! ,f9e & ,broad ,mann]s1 "u ! "n ( ,baccio ,bald9i1 :i* has long be5 ! cu/om4 ,a c]ta9 8,baccio1 orafo0 has be5 f\nd 9 docum5ts z buri$ 9 #adhg1 b !re is practically no?+ to connect 8 "n ) ! sub/ance ( our pr9ts4 ,we w\ld n on t acc\nt reg>d him z a my?1 b are r$uc$ at ! mom5t to ,vas>i's /atem5t t 8,bald9i1 ! successor ( ,f9igu]ra 9 ! ,flor5t9e s*ool ( engrav+1 hav+ little inv5tion1 work$ *iefly aft] designs by ,botticelli40 ,consid]+ ! fact t bo? ,broad & ,f9e ,mann]s 79 all probability ! output ( two di/9ct work%ops7 %[ pr9ts def9itely aft] ,botticelli1 we are /ill 9 entire d>kness z to ! position ( ,bald9i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,libyan ,,sibyl ,f a s]ies ( ! 8,prophets & ,sibyls10 engrav$ 9 ! ,f9e ,mann] ( ! ,f9igu]ra ,s*ool ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,libyan ,,sibyl ,f a s]ies ( ! 8,prophets & ,sibyls10 engrav$ 9 ! ,broad ,mann] ( ! ,f9igu]ra ,s*ool ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,) reg>d to an important gr\p ( ,f9e ,mann] pr9ts1 ,sir ,sidney ,colv9 has giv5 /rong reasons = ! attribution to ,maso ,f9igu]ra1 made fam\s by ,vas>i z ! inv5tor ( ! art ( engrav+4 ,consid]+ ,vas>i's evid5t error 9 reg>d to ! discov]y ( engrav+ 7= !re 7 engrav+s 9 ! nor? ( ,europe well be=e ! e>lie/ possible example ( ,f9igu]ra71 mod]n /ud5ts h be5 incl9$ to reg>d ,f9igu]ra z mu* 9 ! light ( a my? z ,bald9i4 ,b !re is no lack ( evid5ce z to 8 life & "w1 & )\t repeat+ ! argum5ts "h1 :i* are giv5 9 full 9 ,sir ,sidney ,colv9's 8,flor5t9e ,picture-,*ronicle0 7,london1 #ahih71 we w\ld at lea/ /ate our conviction t a consid]able numb] ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e engrav+s1 z well z an important gr\p ( nielli1 mu/ be f 8 h&4 ,vas>i speaks ( him z ! mo/ fam\s niello-work] 9 ,flor5ce1 & he also speaks ( 8 draw+s ( 8figures clo!d & unclo!d1 & hi/ories0 7! 8figures0 evid5tly ! s]ies traditionally ascrib$ to ,f9igu]ra 9 ,flor5ce1 b n[ = a l>ge "p label$ ) an extreme ( timidity 8s*ool ( ,pollaiuolo02 ! 8hi/ories10 probably ! 8,picture-,*ronicle0 s]ies1 acquir$ f ,mr4 ,rusk9 = ! ,briti% ,museum74 ,!n consid]+ ,vas>i's full] /atem5t t ,f9igu]ra 0 also responsible = l>g] engrav+s 9 ! light ( a gr\p ( ,flor5t9e engrav+s :i* correspond closely 9 /yle ) _m ( ! only important gr\p ( ,flor5t9e nielli 7*iefly 9 ! collection ( ,b>on d\>d de ,ro?s*ild1 ,p>is7 z well z ) ! ,uffizi draw+s1 we c h>dly escape ! conviction t ,vas>i 0 correct 9 8 ma9 !sis4 ,a curi\sly ent]ta9+ side-light is giv5 by "o ( ^! engrav+s1 ! ,m]cury = ! s]ies ( 8,planets40 ,"h we see ! repres5tation ( a goldsmi?'s %op 9 ! /reets ( ,flor5ce1 /ock$ j z we "k f docum5ts ,f9igu]ra's to h be54 ,& ! goldsmi? is evid5tly engag$ 9 engrav+1 n a niello1 b a l>ge copp]plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,planet ,,m]cury ,flor5t9e engrav+ 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]1 attribut$ to ,maso ,f9igu]ra1 or 8 s*ool 8,a curi\sly ent]ta9+ side-light is giv5 by "o ( ^! engrav+s1 ! ,m]cury = ! s]ies ( #8,planets4' ,"h we see ! repres5tation ( a goldsmi?'s %op 9 ! /reets ( ,flor5ce1 /ock$ j z we "k f docum5ts ,f9igu]ra's to h be54 ,& ! goldsmi? is evid5tly engag$ 9 engrav+1 n a niello1 b a l>ge copp]plate40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #h in*es ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,woman ,,ea* ,,hold+ ,,an ,,apple ,a ,flor5t9e engrav+ 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]1 attribut$ to ! s*ool ( ,f9igu]ra 8,"o ( ! 8,otto ,pr9ts0 7s call$ f ! eighte5?-c5tury collector :o possess$ ! majority ( ! s]ies71 ,a ,"y ,man & ,woman ,ea* ,hold+ ,an ,apple1 is 9 ! ,gray ,collection1 ,h>v>d1 & x is a *>m+ example ( ! amatory subjects ( ! s]ies1 pr9ts su* z ! ,flor5t9e gallant might h pa/$ on ! spice-box to be pres5t$ to 8 inamorata4 ,! badge ( ,m$ici 7! six 8palle0 ) ?ree lilies 9 ! upp]mo/7 add$ by a contempor>y h& 9 p5 & ink sugge/s t ?is "o may h be5 us$ by ! "y ,lor5zo himself betwe5 ab\t #adfe & #adfg1 :i* accords well ) ! probable date ( ! engrav+s40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 7,! inscription above reads amore te q 7que/a7 & piglia q3 8,o ,love1 ?is to y0 & 8,take ?is407 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #d #d in*es ,! engrav+s mo/ c]ta9ly by ,f9igu]ra1 su* z ! ,judgm5t ,hall ( ,pilate 7,go?a71 ! ,m>* to ,calv>y & ! ,crucifixion 7,briti% ,museum71 ,v>i\s ,wild ,animals ,hunt+ & ,fight+ 7,briti% ,museum71 are ( c\rse r>ities :i* mo/ collectors c nev] hope to possess4 ,! same may also be said ( some:at lat] pr9ts 9 ! same mann] ( engrav+ 7:i* may be ! "w ( ! heirs ( ,f9igu]ra's ateli]1 :i* is kn[n to h be5 c>ri$ on by memb]s ( 8 family until #adih71 su* z ! ,f9e ,mann] 8,prophets & ,sibyls0 & ! 8,otto ,pr9ts40 ,we w 9 consequ5ce devote less space to ^! r>ities1 possess$ *iefly by a few ,european collections1 ?an _! arti/ic int]e/ w\ld ju/ify1 keep+ our argum5t h5ce=w>d m to ! engrav+s t ! ,am]ican amateur has ! *ance ( see+ or acquir+ at home4 ,"o ( ! 8,otto ,pr9ts0 7s call$ f ! eighte5?-c5tury collector :o possess$ ! majority ( ! s]ies71 ,a ,"y ,man & ,woman ,ea* ,hold+ ,an ,apple1 is 9 ! ,gray ,collection1 ,h>v>d1 & x is a *>m+ example ( ! amatory subjects ( ! s]ies1 pr9ts su* z ! ,flor5t9e gallant might h pa/$ on ! spice-box to be pres5t$ to 8 inamorata4 ,! badge ( ,m$ici 7! six 8palle0 ) ?ree lilies 9 ! upp]mo/7 add$ by a contempor>y h& 9 p5 & ink sugge/s t ?is "o may h be5 us$ by ! "y ,lor5zo himself betwe5 ab\t #adfe & #adfg1 :i* accords well ) ! probable date ( ! engrav+s4 ,! only kn[n engrav+ by ! goldsmi? & pa9t] ,antonio ,pollaiuolo1 ! l>ge ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m51 %[s a f> great] arti/ ?an 8 slightly eld] contempor>y ,f9igu]ra4 ,!y _h bo? /udi$ 9 ! same work%op & probably cont9u$ a sort ( p>tn]%ip until ,f9igu]ra's dea?4 ,pollaiuolo's draughtsman%ip ev9ces a grip & int5sity t ,f9igu]ra entirely lacks 9 8 some:at torpid academic draw+s1 & x is se5 at its be/ 9 ?is magnific5tly vigor\s plate4 ,an excell5t impression1 surpass$ by few 9 ! museums ( ,europe1 is1 ,i believe1 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,francis ,bull>d ( ,bo/on4 ,be=e leav+ ,flor5ce = nor? ,italy we w\ld allude to t attractive engrav] ( ! transition p]iod1 ,cri/(ano ,robetta4 ,8 art has lo/ ! f9e/ flavor ( ! primitive ,flor5t9e )\t hav+ succe$$ to ! s\nd te*nical sy/em ( ! contempor>ies ( ,dr]1 b x has a ?or\ghly individual ?\gh delicate ve9 ( fancy4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 "o ( 8 f9e/ plates1 is a free translation ( a picture by ,filipp9o ,lippi 9 ! ,uffizi1 b ! gr\p ( s++ angels is an addition ( 8 own1 & done ) a true s5se = graceful composition4 ,f9e e>ly impressions ( ?is pr9t are ( c\rse difficult to get1 b x is p]haps ! be/ kn[n ( ,robetta's works1 because ( ! numb] ( mod]n impressions 9 ! m>ket4 ,! orig9al plate 7) ! ,allegory ( ! ,p[] ( ,love engrav$ on ! back7 belong$ to ! ,vall>di ,collection 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 & is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 happily safe f ! repr9t]4 ,among ! greate/ r>ities ( e>ly engrav+ 9 nor? ,italy is ! well-kn[n s]ies traditionally call$ ! 8,t>oc*i ,c>ds ( ,mantegna0--some:at errone\sly1 = !y are nei!r by ,mantegna1 nor ,t>oc*i1 nor play+-c>ds at all4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! 8,prophets & ,sibyls10 !re are two complete s]ies ( ! same subjects by two diff]5t engrav]s4 ,ea* s]ies consi/s ( fifty subjects divid$ into five sections & illu/rat+3 7#a7 ! ,sorts & ,conditions ( ,m52 7#b7 ,apollo & ! ,muses2 7#c7 ! ,arts & ,sci5ces2 7#d7 ! ,g5ii & ,virtues2 7#e7 ! ,planets & ,sph]es4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! e>lie/ impressions kn[n are /ill 9 contempor>y fifte5?-c5tury b9d+1 & x seems z if ! s]ies 0 int5d$ m]ely z an in/ructive or ent]ta9+ picture-book = ! "y4 ,!re is ! mo/ absolute div]g5ce ( op9ion z to :i* is ! orig9al s]ies1 & ! /ud5t is enc\rag$ to :et 8 critical acum5 on ! problem by ! excell5t set ( reproductions :i* has rec5tly be5 issu$ by ! ,graphis*e ,gesells*aft & edit$ by ,dr4 ,kri/ell]4 ,un=tunately ,dr4 ,kri/ell] takes :at seems to me an entirely wrong view ( ! matt]4 ,i _c b feel t ! m f9ely engrav$ s]ies is at ! same "t ! m anci5t1 & almo/ c]ta9ly ,f]r>ese 9 orig91 s *>act]i/ic ( ,cossa is ! type ( ^! figures ) l>ge heads1 r\nd$ =ms1 & bulg+ drap]y4 ,! second s]ies %[s a m graceful s5se ( composition & spac+ 7! heads & figures be+ 9 bett] relation to ! size ( ! pr9t71 b its v naturalism is to me an indication ( its some:at lat] orig94 ,! less precise te*nical quality ( ?is second s]ies is closely relat$ to ! ,flor5t9e engrav+s 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]1 & ,i am incl9$ to reg>d x z ! "w ( a ,flor5t9e engrav] ( ab\t #adge to #adhj1 i4e4 ab\t a decade lat] ?an ! orig9al set4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antonio ,,pollaiuolo4 ,,battle ,,( ,,nak$ ,,m5 8,! only kn[n engrav+ by ! goldsmi? & pa9t] ,antonio ,pollaiuolo1 ! l>ge ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m51 %[s a f> great] arti/ ?an 8 slightly eld] contempor>y1 ,f9igu]ra4 ,pollaiuolo's draughtsman%ip ev9ces a grip & int5sity t ,f9igu]ra entirely lacks 9 8 some:at torpid academic draw+s1 & x is se5 at its be/ 9 ?is magnific5tly vigor\s plate40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,reproduc$ f ! impression 9 ! ,pr9t ,dep>tm5t1 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #bc in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,cri/(ano ,,robetta4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi 8,cri/(ano ,robetta's art has lo/ ! f9e/ flavor ( ! primitive ,flor5t9e )\t hav+ succe$$ to ! s\nd te*nical sy/em ( ! contempor>ies ( ,dr]1 b x has a ?or\ghly individual ?\gh delicate ve9 ( fancy4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 "o ( 8 f9e/ plates1 is a free translation ( a picture by ,filipp9o ,lippi 9 ! ,uffizi1 b ! gr\p ( s++ angels is an addition ( 8 own1 & done ) a true s5se = graceful composition40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #aa in*es ,leav+ ! pseudo-,mantegna = ! ma/] himself1 we are 9 ! pres5ce ( ! greate/ ( ! ,italian engrav]s be=e ,m>cantonio--if n ( all "t4 ,l ! ,flor5t9es1 ,mantegna 0 an ard5t lov] ( antiquity1 b 8 _s 0 f> m impassive1 f> m l ! antique m>ble itself4 ,8 classical frame ( m9d 0 to "s ext5t ! (fspr+ ( 8 education 9 ! s*ool ( ,squ>cione & 9 ! academic atmosph]e ( ,padua4 ,8 art has a monum5tal dignity :i* ! ,flor5t9es nev] possess$1 b x 0 )\t ! fre%ness & inexpressible *>m t p]vade ,tuscan art4 ,an engrav+ l ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ betwe5 ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,long9us is an indication ( ! g5ius t might h made "o ( ! noble/ sculptors1 & "o regrets t he nev] c>ri$ to accompli%m5t ! project ( a monum5t to ,v]gil 9 ,mantua1 :i* ,isabella d',e/e wi%$ him to und]take4 ,sev5 ( ! engrav+s attribut$ to ,mantegna 7includ+ ! ,ris5 ,*ri/7 are s mu* above ! re/ 9 subtle expressiv5ess1 z well z 9 te*nical quality1 t we _c b agree ) ,dr4 ,kri/ell]'s conclusion t ^! alone are by ,mantegna's h&1 & ! re/ engrav$ aft] 8 draw+s4 ,!y are simil> to ,pollaiuolo's ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m5 9 /yle1 engrav$ *iefly 9 op5 p>allel l9es ( %ad+ ) a mu* m lightly engrav$ return /roke betwe5 ! p>allels4 ,x is ?is light return /roke1 exactly 9 ! mann] ( ,mantegna's p5 draw+1 :i* gives ! wond]fully s(t quality to ! e>ly impressions4 ,b x is s delicate t comp>atively few pr9t+s mu/ h worn x d[n1 & ! majority ( impressions t come into ! m>ket %[ little b ! outl9e & ! /rong] l9es ( %ad+4 ,ev5 s ^! ,mantegna pr9ts d n lose ! spl5didly vigor\s "* ( _! design1 b x is ( c\rse ! f9e e>ly impressions :i* are ! joy & allure ( ! true connoisseur4 ,! sev5 c]ta9ly au!ntic ,mantegna engrav+s are ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ! two ,bac*anals1 ! two ,battles ( ! ,sea-,gods1 ! horizontal ,entombm5t1 & ! ,ris5 ,*ri/1 already m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,,! ,,ris5 ,,*ri/ ,,betwe5 ,,/4 ,,&rew ,,& ,,/4 ,,long9us 8,( all ! e>ly ,italian engrav]s1 ,&rea ,mantegna is by f> ! mo/ p[]ful1 ?\gh sc>cely ! mo/ human4 ,l _m ( ! ,flor5t9es1 he 0 an ard5t lov] ( antiquity1 b 8 _s 0 f> m impassive ?an !irs1 & f> m l ! antique m>ble itself4 ,8 art has a monum5tal dignity :i* ! ,flor5t9es nev] possess$1 b x lacks ! fre%ness & inexpressible *>m t p]vade ,tuscan art4 ,8 0 a g5ius t w\ld h made "o ( ! noble/ sculptors3 ! engrav+ ( ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ %[s :at he might h a*iev$ 9 ! field40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #ab in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,zoan ,,&rea7874 ,,f\r ,,wom5 ,,danc+ ,?is engrav+1 bas$ on a /udy by ,mantegna = a gr\p 9 ! ,l\vre picture ( ,p>nassus1 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful pr9ts ( ! s*ool ( ,mantegna4 ,x is mo/ probably by ,zoan ,&rea4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #ac in*es ,ne>e/ 9 quality to ^! comes ! ,triumph ( ,caes>3 ! ,elephants1 aft] "s /udy = ! s]ies ( c>toons n[ pres]v$ at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,b x lacks ,mantegna's di/9ction 9 draw+1 & ,zoan ,&rea1 :o is probably ! au?or ( "o ( ! anonym\s engrav+s ( ,f\r ,wom5 ,danc+ 7bas$ on a /udy = a gr\p 9 ! ,l\vre picture ( ,p>nassus71 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful pr9ts ( ! s*ool1 0 c]ta9ly capable ( ?is a*ievem5t4 ,ev5 ,giovanni ,antonio da ,brescia1 :o did "w ( a v ?ird-rate ord] aft] migrat+ to ,rome1 produc$ "u ,mantegna's inspiration s excell5t a plate z ! ,holy ,family4 ,o!r pr9ts attribut$ to ,mantegna1 su* z ! ,desc5t into ,hell & ! ,sc\rg+ ( ,*ri/1 possess all ,mantegna's vigor ( design1 & reflect ! ma/]'s "w 9 ! mann] ( ! ,eremitani frescos1 b we c h>dly believe t !y 7 engrav$ by ! same h& z ! 8sev510 ev5 suppos+ a consid]ably e>li] date = _! production4 ,ea* ( ,mantegna's kn[n foll[]s 7,zoan ,&rea & ,g4 ,a4 da ,brescia7 entirely *ang$ 8 mann] ( engrav+ aft] leav+ ! ma/]2 9 fact1 except 9 8 imm$iate ent\rage1 ,mantegna's /yle 0 cont9u$ by few ( ! ,italian engrav]s4 ,= all its dignifi$ simplicity1 x is m ! mann] ( ! draughtsman transf]r$ to copp]1 ?an ( ! engrav] br\ght up 9 ! conv5tional use ( ! bur94 ,we see ,mantegna's op5 l9e> /yle reflect$ 9 ! e>li] works ( ,nicoletto da ,mod5a1 & ! ,vic5t9e1 ,b5$etto ,montagna1 b ea* ( ^! engrav]s t5d$ m & m 9 _! lat] works to imitate ! m pr(essional /yle ( ! ,g]man engrav]s1 & ( ,dr] 9 p>ticul>4 ,dr] 0 con/antly copi$ by ! ,italian engrav]s ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 & details f 8 plates 7*iefly 9 ! l&scape backgr\nd7 7 ev5 m consi/5tly plagi>iz$4 ,9 ! example ( ,nicoletto da ,mod5a1 ! ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds1 :i* we reproduce1 x is ,dr]'s imm$iate pr$ecessor1 ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 f :om ! *ief elem5ts 9 ! subject are copi$4 ,b 9 ?is example ! backgr\nd1 ) its vi/a ( lake ) %ips & a t[n1 sugge/$ no d\bt by "o ( ! subalp9e ,italian lakes1 is ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,s\?1 :ile ,s*ongau]'s ,go?ic ar*itecture is embelli%$ ) classical details4 ,isolat$ figures ( sa9ts or hea!n deities aga9/ a piece ( classical ar*itecture1 set 9 an op5 l&scape1 became ! mo/ frequ5t type ( ,nicoletto's lat] pr9ts1 :i* are practically all ( small dim5sions4 ,l ,nicoletto da ,mod5a1 ,b5$etto ,montagna gradually develop$ ?r\gh\t 8 life a m delicate /yle ( engrav+1 entirely giv+ up ! l>ge dim5sions & broad /yle ( 8 ,sacrifice ( ,abraham = a s]ies ( f9i%$ compositions :i* f _! small] compass w\ld h be5 well adapt$ = book illu/ration4 ,sev]al ( ^!1 su* z ! ,apollo & ,pan1 illu/rate incid5ts 9 ,ovid's 8,metamorphoses10 b !re is no evid5ce =1 & !re is ev5 probability aga9/1 _! hav+ ev] be5 us$ 9 books4 ,sev]al ( ! subjects are treat$ v simil>ly 9 ! woodcuts ( ! #adig ,v5ice edition ( ,ovid 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,:5 engrav+s & woodcuts ?us repeat ea* o!r1 ! woodcutt] is g5]ally ! copyi/1 b 9 ?is case ! rev]se is almo/ c]ta9ly ! case1 z ! ,ovid plates belong to ,montagna's lat] p]iod1 & c\ld h>dly h prec$$ #aejj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nicoletto ,,da ,,mod5a4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds 8,9 ! ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds x is ,dr]'s imm$iate pr$ecessor4 ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 f :om ! *ief elem5ts 9 ! subject are copi$4 ,b 9 ?is example ! backgr\nd1 ) its vi/a ( lake ) %ips & a t[n1 sugge/$ no d\bt by "o ( ! subalp9e ,italian lakes1 is ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,s\?1 :ile ,s*ongau]'s ,go?ic ar*itecture is embelli%$ ) classical details40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,jacopo ,,de' ,,b>b>i4 ,,apollo ,,& ,,diana 8,jacopo de' ,b>b>i is ( peculi> int]e/ z a l9k betwe5 ! /yles ( ,g]many & ! ,s\?4 ,:e!r ( ,nor!rn extraction or n is unc]ta91 b ! e>li] "p ( 8 life 0 pass$ 9 ,v5ice4 ,dr] 0 app>5tly mu* impress$ by 8 art on 8 fir/ visit to ,v5ice betwe5 #adie & #adig1 & 444 ev5 seems to h tak5 an imm$iate sugge/ion = a composition f ,b>b>i1 i4e4 = 8 ,apollo & ,diana4 ,dr]'s v]sion %[s a f> great] virility & conc5tration ( design1 b = all its p[] x lacks ! breezi] atmosph]e ( ,b>b>i's pr9t40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #c in*es ,ap>t f ,mantegna1 ,leon>do & ,bramante are ! two great names :i* h be5 connect$ ) engrav+s ( ! p]iod4 ,b ,i incl9e to d\bt :e!r ei!r ( !m engrav$ ! plates :i* h be5 attribut$ to !m4 ,! l>ge ,int]ior ( a ,ru9$ ,*ur*1 spl5did 9 design & rem9isc5t ( ! ar*itect's "w 9 ! sacri/y ( ,s4 ,satiro1 ,milan1 might equally well h be5 engrav$ by a ,nicoletto da ,mod5a1 ) ^: e>li] /yle x has mu* 9 common4 ,( ! pr9ts attribut$ to ,leon>do1 ! fasc9at+ ,pr(ile ,bu/ ( a ,"y ,woman 7p4 #beb71 unique impression 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 /&s out f ! re/ = ! s5sitive quality ( its outl9e1 b ev5 "h ,i w\ld be m ready to see ! h& ( an engrav] l ,zoan ,&rea1 :o aft] leav+ ,mantua seems to h settl$ 9 ,milan & done "w 9 a f9] mann] influ5c$ by ! /yle ( ! ,milanese m9iaturi/s 7su* z ! ,ma/] ( ! ,s=za ,book ( ,h\rs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum74 ,9 ,v5ice ,giovanni ,bell9i's /yle is reflect$ 9 ! dignifi$ engrav+s ( ,girolamo ,mocetto1 & 9 ! region ( ,bologna or ,mod5a "o meets ! anonym\s ma/] 8,i ,b 7) ! ,bird710 ^: few engrav$ idyls are among ! mo/ allur+ pr9ts ( ! less] ma/]s ( nor? ,italy4 ,m individual ?an ,mocetto & f> less dep5d5t on any o!r contempor>y pa9t] is ,jacopo de' ,b>b>i1 :o is ( peculi> int]e/ z a l9k betwe5 ! /yles ( ,g]many & ! ,s\?4 ,:e!r ( ,nor!rn extraction or n is unc]ta91 b ! e>li] "p ( 8 life 0 pass$ 9 ,v5ice4 ,dr] 0 app>5tly mu* impress$ by 8 art on 8 fir/ visit to ,v5ice betwe5 #adie & #adig1 & 8 p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ! /udy ( a ,canon ( ,human ,proportions 0 ar\s$ by "s figure-draw+s :i* ,b>b>i _h %[n him4 ,dr] ev5 seems to h tak5 an imm$iate sugge/ion = a composition f ,b>b>i1 i4e4 = 8 ,apollo & ,diana4 ,dr]'s v]sion %[s a f> great] virility & conc5tration ( design1 b = all its p[] x lacks ! breezi] atmosph]e ( ,b>b>i's pr9t2 x is r$ol5t ( ! /udy1 :ile ! latt] has ! *>m ( an op5 ,italian l&scape4 ,!re is a di/9ct fem99ity ab\t ,b>b>i2 p]haps ?is v feature & ! languor\s grace ( 8 treatm5t ( l9e & ! s9u\s folds ( drap]y give 8 pr9ts _! special allure4 ,i w\ld close ?is article ) "s ref]5ce to two o!r engrav]s ( great individuality ( /yle--,giulio & ,dom5ico ,campagnola1 ( ,padua4 ,dom5ico's activity z a pa9t] cont9u$ until aft] #aefc1 b ! probable p]iod ( 8 l9e-engrav+s 7ab\t #aeag-ah71 & 8 close connection ) ,giulio ,campagnola 7?\gh ! exact nature ( ! relation%ip is unexpla9$71 ju/ify 8 treatm5t among ! precursors r ?an 9 ! wake ( ,m>cantonio4 ,giulio ,campagnola1 l ,giorgione1 ^: /yle he s well int]pret$1 0 a %ort-liv$ g5ius4 ,he 0 a "y prodigy1 fam\s at ! t5d] age ( ?irte5 z a s*ol> ( ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,hebrew1 besides be+ accompli%$ z a musician & 9 ! arts ( sculpture1 m9iature1 & engrav+4 ,little wond] t he did n long survive 8 ?irtie? ye>4 ,probably 8 practice z an illum9ator z well z 8 p>ticul> aim ( r5d]+ ! atmosph]e ( ,giorgione's pa9t+s l$ him to ! me?od ( us+ dots1 or r %ort flicks1 9 8 engrav+1 :i* is 9 a s5se an anticipation ( ! /ipple process ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ?\gh ( c\rse )\t ! use ( et*+4 ,mo/ ( 8 pr9ts are kn[n 9 ! two /ates--9 pure l9e1 & aft] ! dott$ "w _h be5 add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giulio ,,campagnola4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ 8,"o ( ! mo/ spl5did ( 8 plates is ! ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ) a dignity ( design ^: orig9 may probably be trac$ back to "s draw+ by ,mantegna1 ?\gh ! l&scape is ( c\rse ?or\ghly ,paduan or ,v5etian 9 its "*40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,reproduc$ f ! impression 9 ! ,pr9t ,dep>tm5t1 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+4 #ac #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,giulio ,,& ,,dom5ico ,,campagnola4 ,,%eph]ds ,,9 ,a ,,l&scape 8,x is ,giorgione aga9 :om we see reflect$ 9 ! ,%eph]ds 9 a ,l&scape1 a plate :i* seems to h be5 left unf9i%$ by ,giulio & complet$ by ,dom5ico ,campagnola4 ,!re is a draw+ 9 ! ,l\vre = ! "r half ( ! pr9t1 & !re is e reason to ?9k t ?is draw+ z well z ! engrav+ ( t portion ( ! l&scape is by ,giulio4 ,b ! gr\p ( figures & trees on ! left is entirely *>act]i/ic ( ! loos] te*nical mann] ( ,dom5ico40 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #aj in*es ,"o ( ! mo/ spl5did ( 8 plates is ! ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ) a dignity ( design ^: orig9 may probably be trac$ back to "s draw+ by ,mantegna1 ?\gh ! l&scape is ( c\rse ?or\ghly ,paduan or ,v5etian 9 its "*4 ,m completely *>act]i/ic1 & ! mo/ purely ,giorgionesque ( all 8 pr9ts1 is ! ,*ri/ & ! ,woman ( ,sam>ia1 "o ( ! mo/ wond]fully beautiful ( all ! engrav+s ( ?is p]iod4 ,x is ,giorgione aga9 :om we see reflect$ 9 ! ,%eph]ds 9 a ,l&scape1 a plate :i* seems to h be5 left unf9i%$ by ,giulio & complet$ by ,dom5ico ,campagnola4 ,!re is a draw+ 9 ! ,l\vre = ! "r half ( ! pr9t1 & !re is e reason to ?9k t ?is draw+ z well z ! engrav+ ( t portion ( ! l&scape is by ,giulio4 ,b ! gr\p ( figures & trees on ! left is entirely *>act]i/ic ( ! loos] te*nical mann] ( ,dom5ico4 ,! exi/5ce ( a copy ( ! "r-h& portion ( ! plate alone po9ts to ! exi/5ce ( an unf9i%$ /ate ( ! orig9al1 ?\gh no su* impressions h be5 f\nd4 ,9 any case x di/9ctly supports ! !ory t ! o!r "p ( ! orig9al pr9t 0 a lat] addition4 ,we may h to admit 9 conclusion t !re is no?+ 9 ,italian engrav+ be=e ,m>cantonio q on a level ) ! a*ievem5t ( ,albre*t ,dr]1 b ! indef9able allure t *>act]izes s mu* ( ! "w ( ! m9or ,italian arti/s ( ! e>li] ,r5aissance is m ?an en\gh comp5sation = any lack ( te*nical effici5cy4 ,) ,m>cantonio we f9d ?is effici5cy 9 its full developm5t1 jo9$ to a rem>kable individuality 9 ! int]pretation ( sket*es by ,raphael & o!r pa9t]s4 ,yet we c\ld ill af=d to lose ! *>m ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e ,triumph ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne = all ! f9i%$ beauty ( ,m>cantonio's ,lucretia1 & x is /ill ! y\? ( arti/ic developm5t1 ) its nave joy & fre%ness ( outlook1 :i* holds u ) ! /rong] spell4 ,a ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,pr9t-,,collectors3 ,,mi*el ,,de ,,m>olles1 ,,abb ,,de ,,villelo9 7#afjj-afha7 ,,by ,,l\is ,r4 ,,metcalfe ,! ,fr5* make a f9e di/9ction betwe5 ?ree v>ieties ( t v special individual to :om we ref] 9 a g5]al way z 8a collector40 ,!y h always be5 au?orities on t subject & "o ( !m has said3 8,on e/ amateur p> gt1 connaisseur p> ducation1 curieux p> vanit40 ,:ile ano!r adds3 8,ou p> spculation40 ,by 8collector0 we simply mean a p]son :o has =m$ ! habit ( acquir+ ! ?+s 9 :i* he is p>ticul>ly int]e/$1 & ^! 9 z _m v>ieties z possible4 ,x implies nei!r an arti/ic pursuit nor a deep k ( ! subject4 ,by curieux1 h[ev]1 is meant1 z a rule1 an amateur1 a man ( ta/e :o collects ?+s :i* p]ta9 to art exclusively2 he is 9 mo/ cases a connaisseur1 & always an en?usia/4 ,p>is1 ! home ( ta/e1 has nev] be5 t ( ! curieux m s ?an at ! pres5t day1 :51 x seems1 e "o :o c af=d a r5t ( ov] f\r ?\s& francs has a hobby ( "s sort & is a mad collector4 ,a g5]al hi/ory ( ! weakness = ?+s ei!r beautiful or odd or r>e1 or m]ely fa%ionable1 w\ld be bo? volum9\s & *aotic1 if a di/9ction 7 n made betwe5 t :i* p]ta9$ to art & t :i* did n4 ,a complete description ( ! latt]1 a hopelessly het]og5e\s mass1 w\ld make an amus+ volume1 = !re is no end to ! v>iety ( ?+s 9 :i* vanity & folly h caus$ human be+s to become int]e/$ to ! po9t ( collect+ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,george ,,iv collect$ saddles2 ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte & _m o!rs1 %ells4 ,tulips 7 s madly s\ght aft] 9 ,holl& t "o root 0 ex*ang$ = #dfj flor9s1 toge!r ) a new c>riage1 a pair ( horses1 & a set ( h>ness4 ,%op-bills & po/]s h be5 ! specialty ( _m1 :ile ?\s&s ( p]sons h collect$ po/age-/amps & co9s4 ,a ,mr4 ,morris _h s _m snuff-boxes t x 0 said he nev] took two p9*es ( snuff out ( ! same box4 ,a ,mr4 ,urquh>t collect$ ! halt]s ) :i* crim9als _h be5 hang$2 & ano!r en?usia/1 ! masks ( _! faces4 ,suett1 a com$ian1 collect$ wigs1 & ano!r speciali/ own$ z _m z fifte5 hundr$ skulls1 ,anglo-,saxon & ,roman4 ,if !re h be5 m5 :o h %[n a prop5sity to collect wives1 ,evelyn tells u 9 8 di>y3 8,9 #afda !re 0 a lady 9 ,ha>lem :o _h be5 m>ri$ to h] tw5ty-fif? husb&1 &1 hav+ be5 left a wid[1 0 prohibit$ f m>ry+ 9 future2 yet x c\ld n be prov$ t %e _h ev] made any ( h] husb&s away1 ?\gh ! suspicion _h br\ght h] div]s times to tr\ble40 ,al?\gh we mu* regret t su* an int5sely int]e/+ "w z a ,compreh5sive ,hi/ory ( ,collect+ has nev] be5 writt51 we realize t a m]e description ( r>e & beautiful objects w\ld be unsatisfactory z long z we did n "k _! hi/ory & ! way 9 :i* !y _h be5 ga!r$ toge!r4 ,x is ! s\l ( ! collector :i* we %\ld l to see laid b>e4 ,0 8 "w a labor ( vanity or "o ( love8 ,7 8 possessions m]e play?+s1 speculation1 to him1 or did !y repres5t treasures ( happ9ess great] ?an all ! gold 9 ,golconda8 ,)\t a d\bt1 x is "o ?+ to collect :at is highly priz$ on all sides1 ) l>ge means at "o's disposal1 & ! con/ant advice ( exp]ts1 & q ano!r to se>* pati5tly oneself = ?+s :i* ! g5]al public has n yet discov]$1 & !n to acquire !m ) difficulty4 ,:o %all "k ) :at admirable zeal "s collectors h made !mselves au?orities on ! ?+s :i* !y lov$8 ) :at untir+ en]gy !y h sift$ = ye>s masses ( tra% 9 ! hope ( f9d+ ! hidd5 pe>l8 ,:o c tell ! inn] hi/ory ( ! auction-room1 ! he>t-beats ( ^? :o 7 aft] ! jewel :i* no "o else seem$ to h notic$1 ! sacrifices :i* _m ) a sl5d] purse h made 9 ord] to secure ! preci\s 8f9d10 & la/ly ! enjoym5t :i* !y ev] aft]w>d d]iv$ f its possession8 ,_m ( ! great ,fr5* collections ( ! la/ c5tury 7 made 9 ?is _s3 !y 7 begun ) a mode/ outlay & devot$ to ?+s :i*1 at t "t1 no "o else want$4 ,i "k ( "o ( ! fir/ collectors ( ,ea/]n ,art 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :o at "o "t _h greatly to r$uce 8 h\sehold 9 ord] to satisfy 8 passion = ,japanese vases2 & ( ano!r weal?y en?usia/ :o w\ld travel ?ird-class to ,london to secure an old ,roman bronze4 ,! hi/ory ( su* collections becomes t ( human be+s = :om life is no?+ )\t beauty1 & x is too p]sonal to be record$4 ,! collector w seldom believe t 8 en?usiasm c be und]/ood by o!rs besides himself3 maybe1 also1 he w\ld be unwill+ to reveal ! m or less innoc5t subt]fuges to :i* he _h rec\rse 9 ord] to acquire m ?an "o ( 8 treasures4 ,! ,am]ican *apt] ( su* a hi/ory is ! mo/ rec5t "o1 & ! _w is n[ wat*+ its developm5t ) bat$ brea?4 ,! art ( ! ,old ,_w is be+ import$ by ! %ip-load2 =tunes are paid = s+le pa9t+s1 :ile ! panel$ wa9scots ( ,fr5* *teaux1 ! ceil+s ( ,italian palaces1 ! colonnades ( _! g>d5s1 & ! tape/ries ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 n to m5tion a hundr$ v>ieties ( objets d'art1 are con/antly w5d+ _! way to ! treasure-h\ses--/ill 9 c\rse ( con/ruction--( ! ,new ,_w4 ,all ?is is tak+ place to ! indignation ( ,europeans & ! /hetes :o consid] su* a radical *ange ( backgr\nd a desecration1 & d n /op to ?9k t ?is transplantation is h>dly m unnatural ?an ! sight ( ! ,elg9 m>bles 9 foggy ,london1 or ! w+$ bulls ( ,ecbatana 9 ! halls ( ! ,l\vre4 ,s long z we z a nation w le>n a mu*-ne$$ lesson & !reby greatly improve our ta/e1 let all honor & glory be giv5 to ^? :o h be5 responsible = su* valuable acquisitions4 ,our ,am]ican collections already conta9 _m 8gems ( pure/ ray s]5e10 & :o w d>e say t !y are n de/9$ to become 9 "t wor?y successors ( ! fam\s ones :i* h prec$$ !m8 ,f ! writ+s ( ,pl9y & o!r classic hi/orians1 & f sev]al catalogues & r>e docum5ts :i* h come d[n to u f ! ,middle ,ages & ! ,r5aissance1 we h abundant pro( t !re nev] 0 a "t :5 works ( art 7 n treasur$4 ,cic]o1 ,atticus1 & ,v>ro collect$ writ+s1 & ! libr>ies ( ,ari/otle1 ,!ophra/us1 & t ( ,epaphroditus ( ,*ronea1 :i* conta9$ ?irty-two ?\s& manuscripts1 7 fam\s4 ,hannibal 0 a lov] ( bronzes3 x 0 he :o own$ ! little ,h]cules ( ,lysippus :i* ! ma/] himself _h pres5t$ to ,alex&] ! ,great & :i* aft]w>d became ! prop]ty ( ,sulla4 ,bo? ,pompey & ,julius ,cs> possess$ spl5did ma/]pieces ( t ,greek art :i* 0 s highly priz$ 9 ,italy4 ,! ,v5us ( ! ,h]mitage comes f ,cs>'s gall]y1 & ! ,jupit] ( ! ,l\vre f t ( ,antony2 :ile ! ,faun ) ! ,*ild1 & ! ,borghese vase1 n[ treasur$ 9 ! ,l\vre1 7 once among ! possessions ( ,sallu/ 9 8 palace on ! ,quir9al4 ,n only sculpture 0 collect$ 9 ^? times1 = we also he> ( ! tape/ries ( ,saurus1 valu$ at tw5ty millions 9 ! curr5cy ( ! day2 ! jewelry ( ,v]res1 reput$ ! f9e/ 9 exi/5ce2 ! priceless cry/als ( ,pollio2 & ! two ?\s& vases ( preci\s /one own$ by ,mi?ridates1 ,k+ ( ,pontus4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages ! trsor ( ! k+s & ! mo/ p[]ful nobles 0 9 reality _! collection4 ,t ( ,dagob]t 0 ! result ( f\r ,italian conque/s4 ,! inv5tory ( ! jewels ( ! ,duc d',anj\1 son ( ,john ! ,good1 conta9s #gif numb]s1 :ile 8 bro!r1 ! ,duc de ,b]ry1 _h a passion = reliqu>ies1 old *ur* ornam5ts1 & r>e manuscripts :i* he caus$ to be m\nt$ l jewels4 ,! libr>y ( ,*>les ,v & 8 trsor 7 valu$ at tw5ty millions ( francs1 & ! collection ( curiosities ( ,ysabeau de ,bavire _h n its equal4 ,x conta9$1 among o!r ?+s1 an ivory box 9 :i* 0 kept ! cane ) :i* ,sa9t ,l\is us$ to flagellate himself4 ,! ,dukes ( ,burgundy = c5turies 7 ! greate/ collectors ( ri*ly inlaid armor4 ,& :at ( ! treasures ( ,jacques ,cur1 ! great bank] ( ,*>les ,,vii8 ,) 8 fleet ( trad+-vessels & 8 _m bank+-h\ses he secur$ ! pick ( ! m>ket4 ,we "k t 8 silv]w>e 0 pil$ up to ! ceil+ 9 ! vaults ( 8 palace at ,b\rges4 ,9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts = ! ye> #ahfi we read a description ( ! home ( ,jacques ,du*i1 a fam\s art collector :o fl\ri%$ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! c\rty>d 7 peacocks & a v>iety ( r>e birds4 ,9 ! fir/ room 0 a collection ( pa9t+s & decorat$ signs2 9 ! second1 all k9ds ( musical in/rum5ts--h>ps1 organs1 viols1 guit>s1 & psalt]ions4 ,9 ! ?ird 0 a great numb] ( games1 c>ds & *essm52 & 9 ! adjo9+ *apel1 r>e missals on elaborately c>v$ /&s4 ,9 ! f\r? room ! walls 7 cov]$ ) preci\s /ones & sweet-smell+ spices1 :ile on ^? ( ! next 0 hung a great v>iety ( furs4 ,f ^! rooms "o proce$$ to halls fill$ ) ri* furniture1 c>v$ tables1 & decorat$ armor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,mi*ael ,,de ,,m>olles1 ,,abb ,,de ,,villelo9 ,engrav$ by ,claude ,mellan1 f 8 own design f life1 9 #afdh ,illu/ration3 ,illu/rissimi ,viri ,l4 ,h4 ,hab]ti ,monmory libellorum ,supplicum ,magi/ri1 ,,epigramma 9 ,effigiem ,,mi*aelis ,,de ,,m>olles ,abbatis de ,villelo94 ,nobilitas1 ,virtus1 ,pietas1 ,doctr9a ,,m>olli ,debu]ant ,sacr c+]e fronde comam4 ,nanteil ad viuum faciebat #afeg ,! ,r5aissance 0 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,collectors4 ,:at c\ld h )/ood ! influ5ce ( t trem5d\s movem5t8 ,! art ( ,italy & ! magnific5ce ( ! nobility & ! pr9ces ( ! ,*ur* %$1 l ! ,augu/an ,age1 a gold5 glam\r ov] civilization4 ,! ,mdicis set ! example1 & !y 7 closely foll[$ by ! ,s=zas1 ! ,f>neses1 & ! ,gonzagas4 ,! patronage ( ! ,f9e ,arts 0 on su* a scale1 & ! rivalry among ! collectors s ke51 t 9 #aeae !re 7 9 ,rome ?irty-n9e c>d9als :o _h v]itable museums = palaces4 ,x 0 = ,ago/9o ,*igi t ,raphael decorat$ t ,f>nes9a ,villa 9 :i* su* treasures 7 /or$1 & = :om1 lat]1 he design$ ^? plates on :i* p>rots' tongues 7 s]v$ to ,leo ,x4 ,:at a rage = beauty !re 0 :5 ,baldass>re ,ca/iglione advis$ all ! sons ( noble families to /udy pa9t+1 9 ord] t !y might become bett] judges ( ar*itecture1 sculpture1 vases1 m$als1 intaglios1 & cameos4 ,:at a madness = antiques1 :5 ,c>d9al ,san ,giorgio s5t back to ,mi*elangelo 8 8,amor9o0 because he consid]$ x too mod]n4 ,w\ld t we c\ld foll[ ! vicissitudes ?r\gh :i* w5t ! great collections ( ! day--! draw+s ( ,vas>i1 ! books ( ,aldus & ,pico della ,mir&ola1 ! armor ( ,cell9i1 ! portraits ( ,paolo ,giovio & ! m$als ( ,giulio ,romano6 ,c]ta9 is x t _m ( _! treasures ev5tually cross$ ! ,alps4 ,x 0 aft] ,*>les ,,viii _h %[n to ! lite ( 8 nation 8! remnants ( antiquity gild$ by ! sun ( ,naples & ( ,rome0 t ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 already well on its way1 receiv$ new inspiration1 & t ! ,fr5* collectors r5ew$ _! activity4 ,judg+ by ! fabul\s acc\nts giv5 by ! c\ntry-folk1 ! cont5ts ( _m a turret$ ca/le on ! ,loire mu/ h be5 wond]ful1 inde$4 ,foll[+ ! lead ( ,francis ,i1 :o _h 8 libr>y1 8 pavillon d'armes1 & 8 cab9et de curiosits1 & ! example ( ,ca!r9e de ,mdicis1 :o _h br\ght f ,italy _m ( h] family's treasures1 ! lead+ nobles1 l ,georges d',amboise 9 8 ,*teau de ,gaillon1 collect$ beautiful ?+s ) admirable ca?olicity4 ,x 0 n only books 9 sumptu\s b9d+s :i* 7 s\ght aft] by ,l\is ,,xii & ! ,valois1 ,diane de ,poiti]s1 ,que5 ,m>got1 ,amyot1 & de ,?\1 b art 9 e =m4 ,9 ! case ( ,groli] himself1 are we n told by ,jacques ,/rada1 9 8 8,epi?ome du ,?rsor des ,curiositez10 t 8great 0 ! numb] ( objects ( gold1 silv]1 & copp] 9 p]fect condition1 & rem>kable ! v>iety ( /atues 9 bronze & m>ble1 :i* 8 ag5ts 7 collect+ = him all ov] ! _w08 ,mo/ significant is ! inv5tory ( ! collection ( ,florimond ,rob]tet1 ! able treasur] ( ! royal f9ances "u ,*>les ,,viii1 ,l\is ,,xii1 & ,francis ,i1 :i* 0 made 9 #aecb by ,mi*elle de ,longjumeau1 8 wid[4 ,nev] 0 a catalogue su* a labor ( love z ?is "o4 ,x is a detail$ description ( ! entire cont5ts ( a museum on :i* a great f9anci] sp5t 8 entire =tune2 x is full ( significant t\*es conc]n+ ! cu/oms ( ! "t & ! orig9 & use ( ! objects describ$2 & x be>s witness to ! great enjoym5t :i* bo? husb& & wife d]iv$ f _! treasures ?r\gh\t _! lifetime4 ,!re 7 _m jewels & "s pe>-%ap$ pe>ls ( great size1 silv] &irons1 ?irty sets ( silks & tape/ries1 bronzes & ivories4 ,among ! pa9t+s & sculpture 7 a canvas & a /atue by ,mi*elangelo4 ,! porcela9 0 ! fir/ br\ght to ,france f ,*9a1 & !re 0 mu* pott]y f ,turki% l&s & ,fl&]s1 ,fr5* faence1 ,italian majolica1 *ur* ornam5ts1 preci\s books1 & f\r hundr$ pieces ( ,v5etian glass1 8g5tillisez des plus jolies gayetez que les v]ri]s saurai5t inv5t]40 ,x 0 ! religi\s w>s ( ! end ( ! c5tury :i* br\ght ,fr5* collect+ to a /op4 ,con/ant /rife & p]secution disc\rag$ ! la/ arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance1 ru9$ _m a noble family1 & scatt]$ ! cont5ts ( _! palaces4 ,n until ye>s aft]w>d1 dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 0 x tak5 up aga92 !n x 0 to rea* great brilliancy dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! lead+ families ( ,france began to rebuild _! collections :5 ,h5ry ,,iv & 8 favorite1 ,gabrielle d',e/res1 indulg$ _! fondness = m$als1 cameos1 & intaglios1 & ,m>ie de ,mdicis _h br\ght f ,tuscany ^? pa9t+s :i* %e consid]$ su* an indisp5sable luxury4 ,9 aft] ye>s ,l\is ,,xiii collect$ armor2 ,anne ( ,au/ria1 delicate b9d+s2 & ,ri*elieu1 f9ely *as$ silv]w>e4 ,& :5 ,l\is ,,xiv began to reign1 ,p>is 0 ! pr\d c5t] ( ! collect+ _w4 ,f ?is "t on we h full records ( ! treasures amass$ by _m p ( ta/e & culture & we are able to foll[ !m into ! foll[+ c5tury1 no matt] h[ (t5 !y *ange h&s--?is1 ?anks to speciali/s l ,felibi5 & ,g]ma9 ,brice & ! ?\s& ref]5ces to art 9 ! memoirs ( ! "t4 ,9 #afgc !re 7 9 ,p>is eighty-five important art collectors :o own$ among !m sev5ty-?ree libr>ies1 & tw5ty ye>s lat] ?is numb] _h increas$ to "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r1 a rem>kable developm5t = su* a %ort space ( "t4 ,! greate/ example 0 set by ,c>d9al ,maz>9 & ,fabri du ,peiresc4 ,! wily ,italian :o _h succe$$ ,ri*elieu gave z mu* "t to 8 collections z to ! %ip ( /ate1 & 8 fell[-graft]1 ,nicolas ,f\quet1 treasur] ( ! k+dom1 0 all[$ to make himself ! mo/ p[]ful man 9 ,france j z long z he 0 able to supply 8 ,em95ce ) ! millions he 0 s con/antly 9 ne$ ( = ! army & 8 gold-?read$ tape/ries & bu/s ( ,roman emp]ors4 ,j be=e 8 dea?4 ,maz>9 _h himself c>ri$ ?r\gh a gall]y l9$ ) #djj m>bles1 ne>ly #ejj canvases 7among !m sev5 ,raphaels71 & #ej1jjj volumes1 :ile he kept weep+ & exclaim+3 8,faudra-t-il quitt] t\t cela80 ,9 ! s\? ( ,france1 ,fabri du ,peiresc1 great savant & collector1 _h ag5ts 9 con/ant que/ ( r>ities4 ,x is relat$ t 8no %ip ent]$ a port 9 ,france )\t br++ = 8 collections "s r>e example ( ! fauna & flora ( a di/ant c\ntry1 "s antique m>ble1 a ,coptic1 ,arab1 ,*9ese1 ,greek1 or ,hebrew manuscript1 or "s fragm5t excavat$ f ,asia or ,greece40 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,jules1 ,,c>d9al ,,maz>9 ,engrav$ 9 #afee :5 ,maz>9 0 fifty-?ree ye>s ( age ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,l\is ,,xiv ,engrav$ 9 #affd1 f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,l\is 0 tw5ty-six ye>s ( age :5 ?is portrait 0 engrav$ ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #ab in*es ,by ?is "t !re 0 a new f9e art to be collect$ s]i\sly--t ( ,engrav+4 ,to ! ma/]pieces ( ,dr]1 ,lucas van ,leyd51 & ,m>cantonio1 n[ ov] a c5tury old1 _h succe$$ ! spirit$ et*+s ( ,callot4 ,x 0 he :o fir/ popul>iz$ ! art 9 ,france & pav$ ! way = ! en?usia/ic appreciation ( ,mor91 ,mellan1 & ,nanteuil4 ,! s*ool ( engrav]s e/abli%$ by ,colb]t at ! ,gobel9s made _! art rank 9 importance ) ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture1 & _! "w won su* popul> favor t _m engrav]s became publi%]s1 & did a great bus9ess sell+ _! pr9ts & ^? ( _! pupils to ! lead+ collectors4 ,! fir/ man ( ta/e to make a s]i\s collection ( engrav+s 0 ,claude ,maugis1 ,abb de ,sa9t ,ambroise1 almon] to ! ,que51 ,m>ie de ,mdicis4 ,he sp5t =ty ye>s mak+ a collection :i* at 8 dea? 0 sold to ,*>les ,delorme1 t physician-9-ord9>y to ,h5ry ,,iv & ,l\is ,,xiii ( :om ,callot has made su* an int]e/+ little portrait4 ,x 0 :5 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,delorme ,collection & t ( a ,sieur de ,k]vel _h be5 add$ to 8 own possessions by ! ,abb de ,m>olles t !re 0 begun ! greate/ collection ( pr9ts & draw+s ev] assembl$4 ,mi*el de ,m>olles1 ,abb de ,villelo91 0 "o ( ! mo/ picturesque figures ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,he 0 born 9 ,t\ra9e 9 #afjj1 & di$ 9 #afha1 ! son ( ! gallant ,claude de ,m>olles1 m>*al de camp 9 ! army ( ,l\is ,,xiii1 :o _h won a fam\s duel f\ght 9 ! pres5ce ( two armies 9 ! ,w> ( ! ,ligue4 ,8 life 0 inde$ a peaceful "o4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-six1 aft] hav+ pursu$ a complete c\rse ( /udies1 he 0 pres5t$ by ,ri*elieu ) ! abbey ( ,villelo9 9 ,t\ra9e1 & = ! rema9d] ( 8 days he drew its income1 cultivat$ ! mo/ int]e/+ p 9 ,france1 translat$ ! classics1 wrote 8 memoirs1 & collect$ pr9ts z no "o ev] did be=e him1 or aft]4 ,truly1 an ideal exi/5ce6 ,al?\gh he tells u t at ! age ( n9e he decorat$ ! walls ( 8 b$room ) pr9ts giv5 him by a ,c>?usian monk1 we "k t = ! fir/ half ( 8 life ! ,abb de ,villelo9 did little m ?an collect fri5ds4 ,?is mu/ h giv5 him little tr\ble1 = 8 rank ga9$ him admission to ! entire nobility1 & 8 appreciation ( lit]ature & ! f9e arts enabl$ him to c>ry on a fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! be/-kn[n arti/s & connoisseurs4 ,dur+ ?is int]c\rse !re 0 a con/ant ex*ange ( gifts2 9 fact1 to receive pres5ts seem$ to h be5 ! ,abb's object 9 life4 ,9 8 8,memoirs0 !re are "o hundr$ & fifty pages devot$ to a complete enum]ation ( all ! p]sons :o h pres5t$ him ) a gift1 or 8honor$ him extraord9>ily by _! civility10 & ! li/ includes ! be/-kn[n p]sonages ( ! day4 ,:at did de ,m>olles give !m 9 return1 besides ! pleasure ( 8 company & ! *>m ( 8 appreciation8 ,a mass ( bad translations ( ! classics3 t 0 ! great weakness ( ! ,abb de ,villelo94 ,*apela91 ! poet1 compla9$ ( x 9 a curi\s lett] to ,he9sius1 say+3 8,t fell[ has v[$ to translate all ! classic au?ors1 & has almo/ rea*$ ! end ( 8 labors1 hav+ sp>$ nei!r ,plautus nor ,lucretius nor ,horace nor ,virgil nor ,juv5al nor ,m>tial1 nor _m o!rs4 ,y\r ,ovid & ,s5eca h z yet f\ght him (f1 b ,i d n consid] !m sav$1 & all ! m]cy !y c expect is t ( ! ,cyclops to ,ulysses--to be dev\r$ la/40 ,t ,*apela9 0 n ! only "o :o did n appreciate ! lit]>y tal5t ( ! ,abb1 & t he (t5 f\nd difficulty 9 f9d+ publi%]s = 8 translations1 is admitt$ by de ,m>olles himself :51 9 8 poem on 8,! ,city ( ,p>is10 he says3 8,j'ai p]du des amis p> un r>e caprice ,qu& je leur ai donn des livres que j'ai faits ,comme g5s (f5ss1 sans p>donn] jamais ,bi5 qu'on n'ait po9t bless leur m*ant artifice40 ,b x is n z a man ( lett]s t de ,m>olles int]e/s u3 x is z a great lov] ( ! art ( ,engrav+ & ! greate/ collector ( pr9ts 9 hi/ory4 ,n until he _h rea*$ ! age ( =ty-f\r did he beg9 to collect !m sy/ematically4 ,!n he pur*as$ ! fir/ "p ( ! ,delorme ,collection = "o ?\s& l\is d'or1 ! pr9ts own$ by ,k]vel1 & ^? ( sev]al o!r small collectors4 ,8 activity 0 s great t n9e ye>s lat]1 9 8 memoirs1 he 0 able to ref] to ?is collection z foll[s3 8,god has giv5 me grace to devote myself to pictures )\t sup]/ition1 & ,i h be5 able to acquire a collection numb]+ m ?an #gj1jjj engrav+s ( all subjects4 ,i began x 9 #afdd1 & h cont9u$ x ) s mu* zeal1 & ) su* an exp5se = "o n weal?y1 t ,i c claim to possess "s ( ! "w ( all ! kn[n ma/]s1 pa9t]s z well z engrav]s1 :o numb] m ?an #djj40 ,he fur!r adds3 8,i h f\nd t collect+ su* ?+s 0 m suit$ to my purse ?an collect+ pa9t+s1 & m s]viceable to ! build+ up ( a libr>y4 ,_h we 9 ,france a doz5 su* collectors among ! nobility1 !re w\ld n be en\gh pr9ts to satisfy !m all1 & ! works ( ,dr]1 ,lucas1 & ,m>cantonio1 = :i* we n[ pay f\r & five hundr$ cus :5 9 p]fect condition1 w\ld be wor? ?ree times t am\nt4444 ,x seems to me t pr9ces & noblem5 :o are collect+ libr>ies %\ld n neglect works ( ?is k9d1 z long z !y conta9 s mu* in=mation on beautiful subjects2 b ,i "k ( no "o :o has und]tak5 to d ?is except = m$als1 fl[]s1 ar*itecture1 ma*9es1 & ma!matics40 ,! collection ( ! ,abb de ,m>olles _h become s fam\s by #afff1 t ,colb]t1 aft] hav+ _h x exam9$ & apprais$ by ,felibi5 & ,pi]re ,mign>d1 advis$ ,l\is ,,xiv to pur*ase x = ! royal libr>y4 ,! de$ 0 sign$ 9 #affg1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,abb de ,villelo9 receiv$ f ! royal treasury ! sum ( tw5ty-six ?\s& livres 7#be1jjj7 = :at 0 describ$ 9 a seal-color$ docum5t z 8un gr& nombre d'e/ampes des plus gr&s matres de l'antiquit40 ,let u see :at ?is meant4 ,de ,m>olles tells u himself1 9 8 catalogue ( #afff1 t 8 collection consi/$ ( #abc1djj orig9al draw+s & pr9ts1 ! "w ( ov] #fjjj arti/s1 & t x 0 conta9$ 9 #djj l>ge & #ada small volumes4 ,z to ! v>iety ( subjects repres5t$1 x _h no end3 x includ$1 = in/ance1 l&scapes1 views ( cities1 ar*itecture1 f\nta9s1 vases1 /atues1 fl[]s1 g>d5s1 jewelry1 lacework1 ma*9es1 grotesques1 animals1 co/umes1 decoration1 anatomy1 dances1 com$ies1 j\/s1 h]aldry1 games1 h]oic fables1 religi\s subjects1 massacres1 tortures1 & ov] #aj1jjj portraits4 ,9 describ+ 8 collection to ,colb]t1 ! ,abb made especial note ( 8 greate/ treasures z foll[s3 8,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,8 "w is 9 #e pieces4 8,an?ony van ,dyck4 ,!re are #baj plates aft] 8 "w1 ( :i* #ad are et*$ by 8 own h&4 8,m>cantonio f ,bologna1 t excell5t engrav] :o has done su* beautiful "w aft] ,dr]1 ,mantegna1 ,raphael1 & ,mi*elangelo1 is ! greate/ ( all engrav]s1 & ! "o ^: works are ! mo/ s\ght aft]4 ,i own #egj ( !m1 9 two volumes4 8,&rea & ,b5$etto ,mantegna4 ,! "w ( ! =m] is 9 #ajd pieces1 t ( ! latt] 9 #gd1 all r>e1 mak+ #agh pieces 9 all1 "s ( :i* are engrav$ by ,m>cantonio4 8,lucas van ,leyd51 excell5t pa9t] & engrav]1 ( :om ,i h collect$ 9 "o volume all ! works engrav$ bo? on copp] & on wood1 besides #be draw+s 9 p5 & p5cil f 8 own h&1 all v s+ul>4 ,i h #ahj ( ^! engrav+s1 _m 9 duplicate1 all ( great beauty1 among !m ! portrait ( ,eul5spiegel1 unique 9 ,france1 ! o!r hav+ be5 sold m ?an twelve ye>s ago = #af l\is d'or4 ,among ! woodcuts1 ! ,k+s ( ,israel are "h done 9 *i>oscuro1 & unique 9 ?is /ate4 8,alb]t ,dr]4 ,"o folio volume1 b\nd 9 vellum1 conta9s #ab portraits ( ! arti/ by v>i\s ma/]s2 #ae draw+s by 8 own h&1 :i* are s+ul> & priceless2 8 ?ree plates on brass sic1 8 six et*$ plates1 & all 8 copp] engrav+s 9 duplicate1 ) ?ree impressions ( ,maximilian's sword-hilt1 all hav+ be5 collect$ by ! ,abb de ,sa9t ,ambroise1 almon] ( ,que5 ,m>ie de ,mdicis4444 8,rh9br& sic4 ,! "w ( ?is ,dut* pa9t] & et*] consi/s ( _m pr9ts1 ( :i* ,i h collect$ #bbd1 among :i* are portraits & fancy subjects mo/ curi\s40 ,he fur!r adds t he possesses #aib orig9al crayon portraits by ,lagneau1 a successor ( ! ,cl\ets1 & #ej by ,dumon/i]1 & t ! pr9ts ( ! old ma/]s ( ,italy1 ,g]many1 & ,fl&]s are conta9$ 9 #ai folio volumes4 ,aft] ?is enorm\s collection _h pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,k+1 ! ,abb de ,m>olles 0 engag$ to catalogue & classify x1 & also to sup]9t5d ! b9d+ ( its #eda volumes4 ,= ?is he receiv$ on two occasions a paym5t ( #abjj livres4 ,! b9d+ 0 done 9 full levant morocco1 decorat$ ) ! royal arms1 ,l\is's monogram1 & ri*ly tool$ bord]s2 = ?is purpose #ejj gre5 & #abjj crimson sk9s _h be5 specially import$ f ! ,ea/4 ,our indefatigable collector _h h>dly p>t$ ) ! result ( ! labor ( tw5ty-two ye>s :5 he began ! =mation ( a second collection4 ,to ! second "p ( ! ,delorme ,collection :i* he !n pur*as$ 7 add$ ! pr9ts ( ,,mm4 ,odespunck & la ,reynie1 ! collection ( ,m4 ,petau1 :o _h made a specialty ( portraits1 & t ( ! ,sieur de la ,n\e1 :i* conta9$ a great numb] ( orig9al draw+s4 ,we "k v little ab\t ?is second collection ( ! ,abb de ,m>olles1 except t :5 x 0 catalogu$ 9 #afgb x 0 conta9$ 9 #bcg folios4 ,:at became ( x has nev] be5 asc]ta9$2 9 all probability x f\nd its way into ! pr9t-cab9ets ( ! _m amateurs ( ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,x is evid5t t he wi%$ to dispose ( x1 probably = ! purpose ( />t+ a ?ird collection1 = we h a lett] on ! subject address$ to ,m4 ,brisaci]1 secrtaire des comm&em5ts de la ,re9e1 ( :om ,masson made t fam\s engrav$ plate kn[n z 8,! ,gray-hair$ ,man40 ,9 x de ,m>olles describes 8 second collection z be+ h>dly less important ?an ! "o he _h previ\sly sold to ! ,k+1 & z conta9+ a great numb] ( ma/]pieces :i* 7 unique4 ,n satisfi$ ) su* ext5sive rese>*es 9 ! realm ( art1 ! ,abb de ,villelo9 decid$ to record all 8 in=mation on ! subject1 & 9 ! spr+ ( #afff ann\nc$ ! title ( a colossal "w on :i* he 0 engag$ z3 8,une hi/oire trs ample des pe9tres1 sculpteurs1 graveurs1 ar*itectes1 +5ieurs1 matres-criva9s1 orfvres1 m5uisi]s1 brodeurs1 j>d9i]s et autres artisans indu/rieux1 o il e/ fait m5tion de plus de dix mille p]sonnes1 aussi bi5 que d'un trs gr& nombre d'ouvrages considrables1 avec une description exacte et nave des plus belles e/ampes ou de celles qui peuv5t s]vir donn] beauc\p de connaissances qui s]ai5t ignores sans cela40 ,?is "w 01 un=tunately1 nev] publi%$1 & its manuscript has nev] be5 f\nd2 x w\ld h be5 a wond]ful comp5dium ( ,fr5* art dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & w\ld h giv5 u mu* preci\s in=mation conc]n+ a numb] ( prom95t engrav]s ( :om s little is kn[n to-day4 ,all t rema9s ( x is ! summ>y1 writt5 9 bad v]se & publi%$ "u ! title ( 8,le livre des pe9tres et des graveurs40 ,x is a curi\s little book1 conta9+ little m ?an ! names ( ?\s&s ( arti/s :o 7 obscure 9 _! day & :o are n[ completely =gott54 ,to _m ( !m1 h[ev]1 & p>ticul>ly to ! mo/ prom95t1 are affix$ su* descriptive little t\*es1 t :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 a monoton\s patt]n becomes an orig9al piece ( hi/orical ornam5t4 ,z to ! 8,memoirs0 ( ! ,abb de ,m>olles1 !y possess ! same defect z _m o!r autobiographies ( ! "t3 !y 7 publi%$ too soon1 & !y prove h[ anxi\s ! au?or 0 to witness ! s5sation he ?\ght he w\ld make4 ,9 ?is case !y 7 publi%$ 9 #afec1 f\rte5 ye>s be=e ! ,abb _h sold 8 fir/ collection1 & !y tell u little m ?an t he possess$ a v ext5d$ circle ( acqua9tances :o ?\ght ! _w ( him on acc\nt ( 8 patronage ( ! f9e arts & 8 lit]>y tal5t4 ,x is evid5t t he includ$ himself among 8 mo/ s9c]e admir]s1 & t he reg>d$ ! fri5d%ip ( su* a *>m+ woman z ,l\ise-,m>ie de ,gonzague1 :o lat] became ,que5 ( ,pol&1 & ! inc5se :i* all ! engrav]s 9 ,france o/5tati\sly scatt]$ be=e him1 z bo? natural & des]v$4 ,claude ,mellan1 ,poilly1 & ,rob]t ,nanteuil 7 on p>ticul>ly fri5dly t]ms ) him1 ea* 9 turn engrav+ 8 portrait f life1 ! la/ ) su* delicacy & f9i% t t plate ranks among 8 mo/ successful portraits4 ,mellan1 fur!rmore1 engrav$ ! portraits ( 8 p>5ts1 ,claude de ,m>olles & ,aga?a ,ca/iglione4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aga?a ,,ca/iglione ,wife ( ,claude de ,m>olles & "m ( ,mi*el de ,m>olles1 ,abb de ,villelo9 ,engrav$ by ,claude ,mellan f 8 own design ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #e in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,claude ,,de ,,m>olles ,fa!r ( ,mi*el de ,m>olles1 ,abb de ,villelo9 ,engrav$ by ,claude ,mellan f 8 own design ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,! ta/es & ! mania = collect+ ( ! ,abb de ,villelo9 7 s well kn[n t x is n impossible t x 0 he ( :om ,la ,bruyre 0 ?9k+ :51 9 8 fam\s 8,c>actres10 he gives ! foll[+ description ( a collector3 8#8,y wi% to see my pr9ts1' says ,democ5es1 & he =?) br+s !m out & sets !m be=e y4 ,y see "o :i* is nei!r d>k nor cle> nor completely drawn1 & bett] fit to decorate on a holiday ! walls ( ! ,petit ,pont or ! ,rue ,neuve ?an to be treasur$ 9 a fam\s collection4 ,he admits t x is engrav$ badly & drawn worse1 b ha/5s to in=m y t x is ! "w ( an ,italian arti/ :o produc$ v little1 & t ! plate _h h>dly any pr9t+2 t1 moreov]1 x is ! only "o ( its k9d 9 ,france2 t he paid mu* = x1 & w\ld n ex*ange x = some?+ f> bett]4 #8,i am1' he adds1 #89 su* a s]i\s tr\ble t x w prev5t any fur!r collect+4 ,i h all ( ,callot b "o pr9t1 :i* is n only n "o ( 8 be/ plates1 b actually "o ( 8 wor/2 nev]!less1 x w\ld complete my ,callot4 ,i h be5 look+ = x = tw5ty ye>s1 &1 despair+ ( success1 ,i f9d life v h>d1 inde$4'0 ,?is is admirably descriptive ( a born collector2 & :at w\ld h be5 a ridicul\s mania 9 a phili/9e became a natural attitude on ! "p ( su* a connaisseur z ! ,abb de ,m>olles4 ,9 our eyes 8 weaknesses 7 insignificant1 & we =give him 8 bad translations1 8 unpubli%$ hi/ory ( ,art1 & ! r monoton\s self-suffici5cy ( 8 ,memoirs1 = ! enc\ragem5t :i* 8 hone/ en?usiasm & indomitable collect+ gave to ! arti/s :o made ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,engrav+--= hav+ be5 ! ,pr9ce ( ,pr9t-collectors4 ,,jean ,,mor9 #afjj-afff ,,by ,,l\is ,r4 ,,metcalfe ,! ,exhibitions ( ,fr5* ,engrav$ ,portraits ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury rec5tly made at ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y & at ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 give "o an excell5t idea ( ! vogue ( ! portrait & ! excell5ce atta9$ by t rem>kable s*ool ( engrav]s :i* fl\ri%$ "u ! auspices ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,a score ( ma/]s are repres5t$1 f ,mi*ael ,lasne to ! sup]b ,nanteuil1 & _! models1 ! mo/ repres5tative p]sonages ( t gr& c5tury ( ,fr5* hi/ory1 :e!r plott]s aga9/ ,h5ry ,,iv1 fri5ds & foes ( ,ri*elieu or flatt]]s ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 /& pr\dly on p>ade = ! tw5tie?-c5tury ,am]ican1 9 all _! glory ( imm5se wigs1 armor & lace coll>s1 or 9 ! quiet] g>b ( prelates & c\nselors to ! k+4 ,x is a rem>kable illu/ration to ! hi/ory ( a great p]iod4 ,! nobility repres5t$ ! survival ( ! fitte/1 = 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury f\r ?\s& ( !m _h di$ 9 ^? /reet duels :i* ,ri*elieu _h aboli%$ only ) ! help ( ! execution]4 ,z to ! cl]gy1 no wond] t s _m ( ^? portly prelates c\ld af=d to h _! portraits pa9t$ & engrav$3 ! weal? ( ! *ur* _h nev] be5 great]4 ,_! example 0 foll[$ by e "o ( any importance 9 ! public eye2 he _h 8 portrait made ) no m hesitation ?an "o has n[adays to sit to a photograph] ( recogniz$ excell5ce4 ,x 0 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,portrait-pa9t+1 = !y 7 ! days ( ,rub5s1 ,van ,dyck1 ,rembr&t & t ho/ ( spl5did ,dut* arti/s = :om physiognomy _h no secrets4 ,!y 9 turn inspir$ ,philippe de ,*ampaigne &1 lat]1 ,lebrun & ,mign>d1 ,rigaud & ,l>gillire4 ,_m ( _! glori\s canvases h long be5 public prop]ty & rema9 to-day en%r9$ 9 national museums1 b _m m h = ye>s rema9$ jeal\sly gu>d$ heirlooms 9 private collections1 & h be5 kn[n only to a few4 ,_m ( ^? :i* h n be5 de/roy$ h become s alt]$ by "t & damag$ by faulty re/oration t !y h>dly d ju/ice to _! creators4 ,?anks to ! engrav]1 ^! portraits are j z alive to-day z :5 !y 7 pa9t$1 = 9 an engrav+ !re is no pa9t to fade or d>k51 no values to become alt]$4 ,a brilliant impression ( an e>ly /ate rema9s to-day :at x 0 :5 x em]g$ f ! ma/]'s h& two & a half c5turies ago4 ,su* collections z are n[ exhibit$ repres5t m ?an brilliant examples ( an art :i* is lo/2 !y are hi/orical & arti/ic docum5ts ( great importance1 & ! ,fr5* ,engrav]s ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury des]ve inf9ite praise = hav+ %[$ all ! possibilities ( an art :i*1 z ,longhi claims 9 8 book ,la ,calcografia1 8publi%es & immortalizes ! portraits ( em95t m5 = ! example ( pres5t & future g5]ations1 bett] ?an any o!r s]v+ z ! vehicle = ! mo/ ext5d$ & remote propagation ( des]v$ celebrity40 ,among ! _m arti/s :o 7 responsible = ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,engrav+1 ,jean ,mor9 occupies a unique position4 ,he 0 born 9 #afjj & di$ 9 #afff4 ,mor9 has ! di/9ction ( hav+ n only imm$iately prec$$ & influ5c$ ! ma/] ( !m all1 ,nanteuil1 b also ( hav+ produc$ fifty portraits :i*1 9 contradi/9ction to all o!r reproductive engrav]s1 he et*$ in/ead ( engrav$ ) ! bur94 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to realize :at a /rik+ly orig9al & p]sonal arti/ he 01 )\t fir/ consid]+ 9 :at /age ( developm5t 8 fir/ ef=ts _h f\nd ! art4 ,:5 _h engrav$ portraiture begun 9 ,france8 ,we mu/ look = its fir/ /eps 9 ! illu/rations ( ! books :i* 7 publi%$ dur+ ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 !y teem ) c>efully execut$ small-siz$ portraits :i*1 z a rule1 7 fram$ 9 decorative c>t\*es & bore l5g?y inscriptions4 ,v few ( !m h be5 drawn f life2 ! fir/ engrav]s1 n tru/+ _! own p[]s1 7 cont5t to copy ^? exquisitely s5sitive & delicate draw+s1 ! crayon portraits :i* ! ,cl\ets made ( royalty & ! c\rt at ! "t ( ,francis ,i1 ,h5ry ,,ii1 & ,ca!r9e de ,m$icis4 ,!y are a wond]ful p5dant to ,holbe9's draw+s ( ! c\rti]s ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,! f9e/ are n[ hang+ 9 ! fam\s ,gall]y ( ,psy*e at ,*antilly4 ,no?+ c describe ! subtlety ) :i* ! arti/ has comb9$ ref9em5t & realism & drawn ) delicate color ! features ( ! fam\s p]sonages ( ^? tragic times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,l\is ,,xiii1 ,,k+ ,,( ,,france ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,anne ,,( ,,au/ria1 ,,reg5t ,,( ,,france ,wid[ ( ,l\is ,,xiii & ,"m ( ,l\is ,,xiv ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,"h is ,h5ry ,,iv z a c>eless y\? next to ! t]rible ,ca!r9e :5 %e 0 an innoc5t-look+ "y bride2 fur!r on are ! baby daught] ( ,francis ,i & ! indomitable head ( ! h\se ( ,guise4 ,! sad ,*>les ,,ix is repres5t$ "h z a m]e boy2 !re1 a week be=e 8 dea?1 %ak+ ) fev] & tortur$ by remorse = ! fe>ful massacre :i* he _h in/igat$4 ,! ill-fat$ ,m>y ,/u>t we>s becom+ly h] wid['s m\rn+1 & is surr\nd$ by ! *ivalry & ! beauty ( ! c\rt4 ,! success ( ^! draw+s 0 s great t e "o desir$ complete sets ( !m1 & ! result 0 t !y 7 copi$ ov] & ov] aga91 fir/ by o!r arti/s1 & f9ally by amateurs :o 7 n v fai?ful to _! models4 ,! "w ( ! ,cl\ets 0 intellig5tly cont9u$ by sev]al memb]s ( ! family ( ,dumon/i]1 & ! vogue ( ?is exquisite =m ( portraiture la/$ until ! middle ( ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,x 0 ^! f9i%$ m9iatures :i* ! fir/ engrav]s attempt$ to reproduce on wood & copp]2 _! draw+ 0 9 mo/ cases weak1 & consequ5tly ! resemblance 0 seldom fai?ful2 _! k ( l9e-"w 0 v meag]1 & !re=e ! model+ 0 mo/ primitive2 b 9 spite ( ?is1 _! "w is int]e/+ = its exquisite f9i% & its consi/5t ef=t to express ! "* ( ! individual4 ,su* v p]sonal little portraits z ^? ( ,philib]t ,delorme 9 8 treatise on ar*itecture1 ,orl&o di ,lasso 9 a book ( motets1 & ! great ,ambroise ,p> 9 8 treatise on ! fractures ( ! skull1 %>$ ! fame ( ^? ( ,h5ry ,,iv by ,?omas de ,leu1 & greatly increas$ ! popul>ity ( engrav+4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury x _h become extremely fa%ionable to dabble 9 engrav+1 & pa9t]s1 ar*itects1 goldsmi?s1 noblem5 & ev5 ladies 7 busy g\g+ wood & cutt+ copp] ) an en?usiasm :i* has bequea!d u a mass ( small illu/rations1 tail-pieces1 grotesques1 mottos1 emblems & o!r embelli%m5ts4 ,!n !re appe>$ dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii a peculi> g5ius 9 ,claude ,mellan4 ,he adopt$ su* an orig9al te*nique t he _h practically no foll[]s4 ,consid]+ cross-hat*+ rank h]esy1 ,mellan sp5t a great "p ( 8 life mak+ facsimiles on copp] ( m ?an f\r score *>m+ p5cil-draw+s :i* he _h made f life1 us+ di/9ct l9es :i* he made broad] 9 ! %ad[s4 ,al?\gh he !reby succe$$ 9 produc+ a set ( v rem>kable plates1 he 0 prev5t$ by ! exagg]at$ simplicity ( 8 sy/em f secur+ all ! detail1 ! ref9em5t ( expression necess>y to a real psy*ological /udy1 & he 0 unable to express any color1 texture or *i>oscuro :atev]4 ,! mo/ orig9al arti/ic g5ius at t "t 0 ,callot1 :o _h introduc$ et*+ 9 ,france2 he delight$ ev]ybody ) ! facility & esprit ) :i* he h&l$ ! ne$le1 & he produc$ a great numb] ( plates full ( crisply drawn little figures :i* possess$ s mu* animation t no?+ l !m _h previ\sly be5 se54 ,8 two attempts at portraiture1 h[ev]1 are f> f be+ significant2 x may be said t he 0 n s]i\s en\gh = su* "w4 ,by t "t portrait-engrav+ _h become ext9ct 9 ,g]many1 & x 0 a*iev+ little ( importance 9 ,italy & ,spa92 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 h[ev]1 x 0 produc+ ma/]pieces4 ,ev5 if ,rembr&t & ,van ,dyck _h giv5 ! _w no?+ m ?an _! et*$ portraits1 _! fame w\ld live =ev]4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! _w f\nd an arti/ :o pa9t$ z effectively ) ! ne$le z ) ! bru%1 & an et*] :o revel$ 9 su* p[]ful & correct *i>oscuro t 8 portraits 7 a p]fect revelation4 ,! gl[+ light ) :i* he illum9$ 8 faces & ! boldness & fre$om ( 8 l9e-"w amaz$ ! engrav]s ( 8 "t1 = 9 comp>ison !y _h work$ only 9 outl9e1 & ^? :o attempt$ to imitate him a*iev$ v little success4 ,9 ! plates ( ,rembr&t ! engrav$ portrait rea*es ! la/ degree ( w>m? ( expression & life4 ,z to ,an?ony ,van ,dyck1 he _h foll[$ ! example ( ,rub5s & enc\rag$ ! lead+ engrav]s ( ,antw]p to reproduce 8 portraits on copp]4 ,! result 0 t noble "w call$ 8 8,iconography10 :i* conta9$ ov] a hundr$ portraits ( ! lead+ pa9t]s & art patrons ( ! "t1 mo/ brilliantly engrav$ by ,s\tman1 ! ,bolsw]ts1 ,vor/]mann & ,paul ,pontius "u ! ma/]'s jeal\s sup]vision4 ,9 direct+ ?is "w ,van ,dyck develop$ su* en?usiasm t he himself et*$ eighte5 portraits f life1 9 :i* ! faces are model$ ) small dots2 !y are *>m+ draw+s :i* exhibit su* a wond]ful k ( physiognomy1 & possess s mu* life & color 9 spite ( ! simplicity ( _! treatm5t1 t !y rema9 ma/]pieces = all times4 ,?r\gh ! g5ius ( ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck ! art ( engrav+ _h become trans=m$2 at la/ life & color _h come into x4 ,no su* brilliancy 9 ! treatm5t ( fle% & v>i$ texture _h be5 atta9$ by pure l9e-"w be=e ! appe>ance ( ,pontius's portrait ( ,rub5s1 & ) ! exception ( ! et*+s ( ,rembr&t1 no?+ s human _h previ\sly be5 se5 z ,van ,dyck's et*+ ( ,pontius himself4 ,b 9 spite ( ! be/ a*ievem5ts ( ! ,flemi% engrav]s1 !re 0 /ill an important advance to be made be=e ! copp]plate c\ld give su* a fai?ful translation ( a pa9t+ t besides ! draw+ & ! color1 x c\ld reproduce all ! ref9em5t ( detail1 all ! texture & *i>oscuro1 all ! pa9t]-l effect ( ! canvas4 ,t int]val c\ld be bridg$ only by a born draughtsman :o _h ! s\l ( a portrait-pa9t] & by an arti/ :o w\ld devote himself exclusively to ! solution ( t "o problem4 ,= t f9al /ep ( its developm5t1 reproductive engrav+ _h to g to ,france & to ! unique ,jean ,mor94 ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,c>d9al ,,ri*elieu ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,pi]re ,,maugis ,,des ,,granges ,matre-d',htel ( ,l\is ,,xiii ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,x is incr$ible t s little %\ld be kn[n ab\t an arti/ ( 8 prom95ce1 p>ticul>ly z at t "t ! be/ arti/s 7 con/antly 8en evid5ce0 & und]tak+ di/ant travels = ! sake ( _! education & 9 ord] to ga9 patrons4 ,we mu/ assume t ,mor9 liv$ a v quiet life & c>$ little = recognition4 ,:o 7 8 fir/ ma/]s rema9s a my/]y2 ! ref]5ces :i* are made to him 9 ! records ( ! "t po9t only to ! fact t he 0 always held 9 high e/eem = ! excell5ce ( 8 "w1 & t ev]y:]e 8 s]i\s "* comm&$ respect4 ,two ?+s are nev]!less c]ta9 conc]n+ him4 ,"o is t he _h begun by becom+ a well-s*ool$ pa9t]1 = 8 et*$ "w is ( s+ul>ly uni=m excell5ce2 ! o!r is t he _h be5 influ5c$ exclusively by ! ,flemi% ,s*ool4 ,x 0 ! et*+ ( ,van ,dyck :i* tempt$ him to give up ! bru% = ! grav]1 & x 0 8 own peculi>ly calm & consci5ti\s temp]am5t :i* impell$ him to c>ry ! orig9al te*nique ( t pr9ce ( portraiture to ! la/ degree ( f9i%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 f ano!r ,flemi% arti/1 ,philippe de ,*ampaigne1 :o _h made ,france 8 home1 t he receiv$ inspiration & guidance ?r\gh\t 8 life-"w4 ,9 return = ?is he devot$ himself to ! fai?ful reproduction ( z _m ( t ma/]'s canvases z he c\ld engrave be=e 8 dea?4 ,mor9's "w consi/s ( a few figure-subjects & l&scapes & fifty portraits4 ,^! are among ! f9e/ t 7 engrav$ dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & !y h ! di/9ction ( illu/rat+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii & 8 m9i/] ,ri*elieu4 ,z an hi/orical gall]y !y possess z mu* importance z ! portraits made lat] by ! s*ool ( ,nanteuil3 f\r ( !m are aft] ,van ,dyck1 f\rte5 are f ! works ( v>i\s pa9t]s1 includ+ ,titian1 & all ! re/1 ?irty-two 9 numb]1 reproduce ! dignifi$ canvases ( ,philippe de ,*ampaigne4 ,x 0 natural = ,mor9 to turn to ! ,flemi% pa9t]1 n only because ! latt] _h soon aft] 8 arrival become ! pa9t] ( ! c\rt & ! head ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool1 b because 8 calm1 precise art 0 admirably suit$ to ! engrav]'s "w4 ,! canvases ( ,philippe de ,*ampaigne h little ( ! p[] ( ,rub5s1 or ! color+ & supreme elegance ( ,van ,dyck1 nor d !y possess ! dep? & orig9ality ( ! portraits ( ,rembr&t1 b !y are *>act]iz$ by an uncommon /r5g? ( draughtsman%ip & composition1 & !y unfail+ly exhibit su* pr(\nd s]i\sness1 re/ra9t & dignity z few ma/]s c boa/ (4 ,z 9 ! case ( mo/ ( ,mor9's portraits1 x is h>d to gaze ^u !m )\t exp]i5c+ t peculi> s5sation ( famili>ity ) ! human be+ repres5t$1 )\t be+ conv9c$ t "h is ! b>e tru? j z an intellig5t & ?or\ghly s9c]e nature beheld x1 )\t feel+ t "s ( ! model's s\l has pass$ into ! canvas4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise ) ! "w ( an arti/ :o _h toil$ s e>ne/ly to foll[ an ideal1 & :o himself _h be5 visit$ by s mu* affliction4 ,de ,*ampaigne became at ! end ( 8 life a ,jans5i/ & a devot$ ,port ,royali/--t is1 a memb] ( a community ( au/]e human be+s ^: lives 7 s simple & ^: ?\ghts 7 s high t !y 7 a p]petual reproa* to ! selfi% cl]gy ( ! day & ! empty butt]flies :o cr[d$ ! salons ( ,v]sailles4 ,he has nev] come into 8 own1 pr9cipally because he /ood 9 su* close proximity to m brilliant lights1 & also because s _m ( 8 scatt]$ pa9t+s h become d>k5$ ) age4 ,8 "w z ! pa9t] ( ,ri*elieu e/abli%$ su* a popul>ity = ! portrait z x _h n kn[n be=e & z x has n kn[n s9ce4 ,to-day1 :5 8 "n is m5tion$1 "o %rugs 8 %\ld]s & says3 8,oh1 well1 b :at 0 he comp>$ to ,rub5s1 ,van ,dyck & ,rembr&t801 & !n sudd5ly rememb]s t x 0 he :o pa9t$ ,ri*elieu & t ! full l5g? portrait :i* hangs 9 ! ,salon ,c>r ( ! ,l\vre & ! triple /udy ( ! head :i* is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 w always rank ) ! ma/]pieces ( portrait-pa9t+4 ,su* 0 ! arti/ to :om ,jean ,mor9 w5t = advice & = :om he develop$ su* int5se admiration & devotion4 ,! ,flemi% pa9t] mu/ h readily se5 h[ mu* ! engrav]'s temp]am5t _h 9 common ) 8 own1 & imm$iately und]/ood t 8 faultless draw+ & consci5ti\s nature w\ld make ( him an admirable int]pret] ( 8 canvases4 ,c]ta9 x is t he lo/ no "t 9 enc\rag+ him to develop 8 te*nique1 & t he *e]fully gave him 8 portraits to copy4 ,! fri5d%ip :i* ensu$ cont9u$ until dea?1 & ,mor9 devot$ 8 life to popul>iz+ ! portraits ( ,philippe de ,*ampaigne1 lat] becom+ himself affiliat$ ) ! noble sect ( ,port ,royali/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! peculi> significance ( ,mor9's "w1 aside f ! fact t x has be5 ! pr9cipal means ( p]petuat+ ! "w ( a rem>kable arti/1 is t x repres5ts ! fir/ ef=t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engrav$ ,portraiture to reproduce a pa9t$ portrait ) all its ref9em5t ( draw+ & v>iety ( tones4 ,no su* tr\ble _h previ\sly be5 tak5 fully to repres5t all ! color & *i>oscuro ( a picture4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is ! engrav] _h to develop a pa9t]'s te*nique1 & t 0 some?+ v diff]5t f ! precise & me?odical l9e-"w ( ! engrav]s :o _h prec$$ him4 ,! et*$ "w ( ,callot 0 m]e l9e-"w2 ,van ,dyck supplem5t$ ?is ) "s delicate model+ made ) small dots2 & ,mor91 develop+ ?is sy/em to ! la/ degree ( ref9em5t1 b5t all 8 en]gy to ! absolutely fai?ful reproduction ( ! canvas 9 e detail ( l9e & gradation ( light4 ,8 te*nique is *iefly et*+ comb9$ ) bur9 "w4 ,z a rule1 8 faces are model$ entirely ) et*$ dots1 & he does ?is ) su* delicacy & ref9em5t t 9 _m cases !y h ! quality ( a f9e mezzot9t4 ,only 9 a few ( 8 plates does he use l9e-"w to deep5 8 %ad[s1 & ?is is done ov] ! /ippl+4 ,by means ( ?is sy/em he 0 able to express ! greate/ v>iety ( tones1 f ! v light complexion ( a blond ,engli%woman to ! d>k sk9 & blue-black hair ( a s\!rn ,fr5*man4 ,! hair he always et*$ ) great c>e1 ) a l9e admirable alike = its precision & fre$om2 ! frame alone seems to h be5 done ) ! bur94 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ! treatm5t ( ! co/ume t ,mor9 %[s 8 indep5d5ce ( te*nical f9i%2 he makes little pret5se at secur+ realism 9 8 expression ( texture4 ,comp>$ to ! "w ( ,nanteuil ! surface ( 8 armor & 8 moir silk cassocks & ri* lace coll>s (t5 lack realism1 :ile 8 backgr\nds possess little ( t s(t gradation :i* enhances ! beauty ( s _m lat] engrav+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,h5ri ,,de ,,lorra9e1 ,,comte ,d',,h>c\rt ,! ,m>%al-9-,*ief ( ! ,armies ( ,l\is ,,xiii ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,guido1 ,,c>d9al ,,b5tivoglio ,! ,papal ,nuncio to ! ,c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiii ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,an?ony ,van ,dyck ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,b x is ?is v fre$om :i* makes 8 plates s orig9al & gives !m su* especial *>m4 ,besides1 :y %\ld et*+ p>take ( ! "* ( sl[ & precise bur9 "w8 ,mor9's *ief preoccupation is ! r5d]+ ( ! face & ! pres]vation ( all ! "* ( ! orig9al2 x is evid5t t he sp>es no pa9s to make 8 reproduction an absolutely fai?ful "o4 ,z to ! re/ ( ! picture1 he does n consid] x necess>y to d m ?an recall ! picturesque effect ( ! orig9al's ensemble1 b if he treats x ) fre$om he is c>eful to make e l9e s]ve a def9ite purpose2 he is nev] c>eless4 ,x is to 8 great sympa?y & consci5ti\sness t ,mor9 ow$ 8 success z a reproductive engrav]1 & ! fact t 8 plates _h a great influ5ce on 8 contempor>ies4 ,be=e him no su* delicate tones & deep velvety blacks _h be5 se51 no engrav] _h be5 s consi/5tly correct & expressive 9 8 draw+2 s mu* ju/ice _h nev] be5 done to a pa9t]4 ,! art ( ,mor9 0 s p]sonal t ! ef=ts ( 8 pupils ,alix1 ,plattemontagne & ,b\lang] to foll[ 8 te*nique rema9$ unsuccessful2 he 0 z inimitable 9 8 brilliant effects ( *i>oscuro z ,mellan ) 8 fi5di%ly clev] b exagg]at$ simplicity ( l9e4 ,nev]!less1 ! lesson ( ?or\gh fai?fulness he _h giv5 0 n lo/2 ! se$ fell on f]tile gr\nd :5 ,rob]t ,nanteuil1 at ! outset ( 8 c>e]1 /udi$ ,mor9's "w closely en\gh to imitate 8 te*nique 9 su* portraits z ^? ( ,pi]re ,dupuis1 ! royal libr>ian1 & ! poet ,gilles ,m5age4 ,! engrav] f ,rheims _h d\btless pr(it$ by ! example ( 8 own ma/] ,regnesson1 ^: "w _h already %[n ,mor9's influ5ce4 ,^? clev] little portraits z well z a few o!rs done 9 t /yle %[ a m>k$ advance on ! previ\s ones1 9 :i* he _h foll[$ t ( ,mellan1 & ! delicate little dots ) :i* _! faces are model$ pav$ ! way = t sy/em ( close1 %ort /rokes ) :i* he ev5tually succe$$ 9 imitat+ to p]fection ! peculi> texture ( sk94 ,nanteuil 0 to inh]it ! be/ 9 all :o _h prec$$ him & to comb9e all previ\s sy/ems into "o :i* w\ld c>ry ! art ( ,engrav$ ,portraiture to its greate/ developm5t2 b x 0 ,mor9 :o gave him ! mo/ eloqu5t example & :o po9t$ out to him ! la/ rema9+ /ep to te*nical p]fection4 ,,8 ,,"w ,on look+ ?r\gh a complete collection ( ,mor9's portraits "o is imm$iately impress$ by ! small numb] ( plates :i* d5ote crude beg9n+s4 ,z none ( !m is dat$1 x is next to impossible to arrange 8 works *ronologically1 all ! m s z ! engrav] p]fect$ 8 te*nique & f\nd 8 mann] v e>ly 9 8 c>e]4 ,we f9d only "o portrait :i* is really unsatisfactory1 t ( ,l\is ,,xi1 copi$ possibly f an old m9iature1 & only two :i* %[ any h>dness ( tone1 ! portraits ( ,augu/9 & ,*ri/ophe de ,?\2 !y are und\bt$ly e>ly works1 ! head ( ! dread$ h]mit ( ,plessis-les-,t\rs be+ probably ,mor9's fir/ ef=t4 ,!n we h t mo/ ,gallic ( ,fr5*m51 ,h5ry ,,iv1 a qua9t head drawn ) mu* "*2 ,m>ie de ,mdicis1 aft] ,p\rbus2 & ,h5ry ,,ii1 aft] ,cl\et4 ,^! la/ two are mo/ excell5t plates1 ! fir/ %[+ u t intrigu+ ,italian pr9cess %ortly aft] h] arrival f ,flor5ce1 9 all ! glory ( h] wond]ful complexion & gold5 hair2 ! second recall+ ! exquisite art ( ,cl\et 9 ! simplicity & delicacy ( ! treatm5t ( ! face & ! sup]b detail ( ! co/ume4#a ,we are !n br\ght face to face ) ! great ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 9 "o ( ,mor9's mo/ s]5ely elegant plates aft] ,titian1 & ! portraits ( ! two great sa9ts ( ! "t1 ,sa9t ,franois de ,sales & ,san ,c>lo ,borromeo4 ,to ! f\r portraits aft] ,van ,dyck we mu/ give special att5tion1 = !y conta9 ,mor9's ma/]pieces1 ! portrait ( ,n4 ,*ry/91 son ( ! ,spani% pl5ipot5ti>y at ! ,peace ( ,v]v9s1 & t ( ,c>d9al ,b5tivoglio1 ! papal nuncio to ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,"h we h ,mor9 9 8 gr& mann]1 transf]r+ all ! color ( ! orig9al canvas to 8 copp]plate & int]pret+ 8 models ) a boldness1 a s(tness1 a cle>ness ( purpose & a /r5g? ( sympa?y :olly admirable4 ,9 aw>d+ ! palm1 we hesitate betwe5 ! deep tones1 ! velvety f9i% 9 ! head ( ! somb] ,spani>d & ! subtle model+ ( ! beautifully illum9$1 s5sitive ,italian face4 ,ei!r ( ^! portraits alone w\ld h e/abli%$ ,mor9's fame4 #a ,:y su* an au?ority z ,rob]t-,dumesnil %\ld h class$ ! portrait ( ,h5ry ,,iv's que5 among ! d\btful plates ( ,mor9 is a my/]y4 ,x is cle>ly ! "w ( t ma/]1 & al?\gh an e>ly plate1 x is "o ( 8 brilliant ones4 ,! o!r two plates aft] ,van ,dyck repres5t wom51 ,m>g>et ,lemon1 belov$ ( ! pa9t]1 & ! ,c\ntess ( ,ca]n>von1 a rem>kable /udy 9 high lights1 & "o ( ,mor9's mo/ delicate plates4 ,! rema9d] ( ! gall]y consi/s ( 8 int]pretation ( ,philippe de ,*ampaigne's portraits1 & ! array ( celebrities !re repres5t$ is a notable "o4 ,:at w\ld we "k ( ! features ( t ecc5tric mon>*1 ! melan*olic ,l\is ,,xiii1 if we did n possess ?is /rik+ et*+ ( ,mor98 ,! fa!r ( 8le roi soleil0 is "h pos+1 ill at ease1 & probably wond]+ :at ,ri*elieu is go+ to make him d next4 ,an unsatisfactory human be+ 0 he ^: 8pr9cipal m]it 0 to h done :at few m$iocre *>act]s ev] d1 b[ d[n to ! sup]iority ( g5ius40 ,8 que51 ,anne ( ,au/ria1 is "h %[n bo? 9 ! quiet g>b ( a wid[ 7a delightfully simple portrait7 & 9 ! m c]emoni\s c\rt m\rn+1 :ile 8 prime m9i/]1 ,ri*elieu1 is repres5t$ 9 a plate ?an :i* !re is none m int]e/+ among ,mor9's works4 ,a comp>ison betwe5 ?is impression ( ! great c>d9al's "* & t record$ 9 ! sup]b engrav+ by ,nanteuil is a mo/ int]e/+ "o4 ,9 ! latt] we see ! /e]sman ( ! %ip ( /ate 9 all 8 gr&eur ( noble purpose & responsibility1 & we feel ! imm5se w-p[] ) :i*1 9 con/ant dang] ( 8 life1 he bore long ) 8 enemies1 & !n1 driv5 to action1 8w5t f>1 v f> & cov]$ ev]y?+ ) 8 sc>let robe40 ,b 9 ,mor9's int]pretation ( ! canvas ( de ,*ampaigne we see q ano!r side ( ! great /atesman4 ,x is ! ,ri*elieu :om we p]ceive ?r\gh "s memoirs ( ! "t 7& n ! lea/ tru/wor?y ones71 & 9 ! lit]>y hi/ory ( ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is a man :olly lack+ 9 a s5se ( humor1 possess+ pl5ty ( vanity & con/antly ye>n+ = recognition z a lit]>y light & a squire ( dames4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,nicolas ,,*ry/9 ,son ( ! ,pl5ipot5ti>y ( ,k+ ,philip ,,iv ( ,spa9 to ! ,peace ( ,v]v9s ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,an?ony ,van ,dyck ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa x #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,anto9e ,,vitr ,pr9t] to ! ,k+ & ! ,cl]gy ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab x #h in*es ,q a diff]5t portrait is t ( 8 nephew1 ,vign]od1 %[n "h 9 ?ree-qu>t] figure z ! ,abb de ,ri*elieu1 a mo/ attractive plate1 & "o ( ! only two portraits ( ,mor9's 9 :i* ! model is %[n o!rwise ?an 9 ! usual bu/ =m4 ,! o!r "o is t ( ,vitr1 a fam\s pr9t] ( ! "t2 x is "o ( ! l[e/-ton$ engrav$ portraits extant1 & 9 its velvety blackness x is a mo/ /rik+ production4 ,a f9e impression ( x w turn "o's ?\ghts to ,rembr&t & %[ ! full ext5t ( ,mor9's orig9ality4 ,! li/ conta9s _m fam\s p]sonages3 ,maz>92 ,mi*el ,le ,telli]2 ,*>les de ,valois1 duc d',ang\lme1 son ( ,*>les ,,ix & ! beautiful ,m>ie ,t\*et2 ! ,m>*al d',h>c\rt1 ! 8,cadet la p]le0 ( ! m fam\s portrait by ,masson & ! valor\s head ( ! armies ( ,l\is ,,xiii2 ! *>m+ ,comtesse de ,bossu & h] secretly m>ri$ second husb& ! ,duc de ,guise2 ! ,m>*al de ,vill]oy1 preceptor ( ,l\is ,,xiv2 ,poti] de ,gesvres1 also a w>rior2 & ! ,*ancellor ,m>illac1 ^: bro!r 0 execut$ by ,ri*elieu & :o himself became ! c>d9al's victim1 ?\gh 9 a less tragic way4 ,all ^! plates are an admirable int]pretation ( _! models1 & %[ an absolute lack ( mann]ism4 ,) _! brilliant contra/s ( light & %ade & ! uncommon am\nt ( texture due to ! fre$om ( ! l9e-"w & ! ri* color ( ! ink employ$1 !y h a ri*ness ( tone & a decorative effect %>$ by few ( ! portraits made lat] 9 ! c5tury4 ,"s ( !m are engrav$ 9 a r high key & %[ a simply model$ head aga9/ a light backgr\nd1 z 9 ! case ( ,bra*et de la ,milletire1 ! savant :o 0 fir/ an intol]ant ,calv9i/ & !n became a militant ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,9 o!r portraits l t ( ,maugis1 ! matre-d'htel ( ! k+1 ! arti/ seems to h revel$ 9 ! deepe/ tones ( 8 inky palette1 & he r5d]s ! olive sk9 & ! rav5 hair ( ?is /rong-featur$ individual ) a mo/ /rik+ int5sity4 ,spl5did lik5esses ( prom95t ecclesia/ical dignit>ies are to be f\nd among ! portraits :i* complete ?is int]e/+ gall]y1 b "o !re is :i* we mu/ pause to contemplate1 & x is ! fai?fully reproduc$ portrait ( t extraord9>y human be+1 ,j4 ,paul de ,gondi1 bett] kn[n z ! ,c>d9al de ,retz4 ,9 a ma/]piece ( draughtsman%ip1 ,mor9 duplicates ! art ( de ,*ampaigne 9 express+ all ! clev]ness & d>+1 ! ambition & ! s5se ( humor1 ( ?is born gambl]1 ^: g5ius = intrigue 0 at ! bottom ( ! w> ( ! ,fronde4 ,"o c see him1 ) 8 yell[1 oily face1 unkempt & un%av51 limp+ ?r\gh ! n>r[ /reets ( ,p>is1 di/ribut+ l>gesses among a populace :i*1 ! foll[+ h\r1 he w\ld betray to ! nobles1 & !n aga9 *ampion4 ,z a p5dant we h ! brilliantly execut$ head ( ,om] ,talon1 avocat-gnral du ,p>lem5t1 ! greate/ pill> ( ,fr5* jurisprud5ce & a great man 9 8 day2 x is a plate :i* ,rembr&t w\ld h deign$ to look at m ?an once4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,jean-,,fran,,ois-,,paul ,,de ,,gondi ,?is p]sonage is bett] kn[n by 8 lat] title ( ,c>d9al de ,retz ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,mor94 ,,om] ,,talon ,advocate-,g5]al ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is ,aft] ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,f9ally ! fam\s ,port ,royal is "h repres5t$ 9 ! p]sons ( ,jans5ius1 ,bi%op ( ,ypres1 :o rais$ su* a /orm 9 *ur* circles ( t "t2 ,arnauld d',&illy1 ! head ( ! great family ( t "n & ! protector ( ,port ,royal2 & ,jean ,du ,v]g] de ,h\ranne1 abb de ,sa9t-,cyran1 its confessor1 a man wor?y ( ! fir/ c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 7 fam\s m5 9 _! day1 & _! names 7 on ev]ybody's lips2 _! /ory spells ! mo/ s]i\s *apt] ( ! hi/ory ( _! age1 & /ill !y are all b =gott5 9 comp>ison ) ! great p]sonages ( ! c\rt1 & ev5 _! pa9t$ portraits are relegat$ to obscurity4 ,9 ^! ma/]ly pr9ts ( ,mor91 h[ev]1 !y appe> to u j z !y look$ 9 _! day1 ) mu* ( _! /r5g? & weakness1 _! aspirations & _! secret ambitions4 ,s mu* animation is !re 9 _! faces t x is no h>d matt] to feel l ! old monk 9 ! ,spani% mona/]y :o1 left alone ( all 8 bro!rs1 said1 z he look$ on ! new pictures by ,velasquez1 8,i sometimes ?9k we are ! %ad[s40 ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil #afcj-afgh ,,by ,,l\is ,r4 ,,metcalfe ,x is a curi\s fact t 9 ^! days ( exhau/ive rese>* 9 ev]y?+ :i* conc]ns ! f9e arts1 ,rob]t ,nanteuil1 ! portrait-engrav] ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 has rema9$ until s rec5tly bo? illu/ri\s & unkn[n4 ,to be sure1 8 "n has be5 m5tion$ 9 all ! hi/ories ( art1 & 9 ! text-books ( engrav+ he is dwelt ^u at "s l5g? & giv5 a prom95t place among ! engrav]s ( 8 "t2 b he 0 nev] f\nd wor?y ( any especial /udy1 ( ! lea/ little bro*ure4 ,8 "n has be5 famili> only to ! connoisseurs & ! pr9t-collectors2 to !m x has always be5 synonym\s ) ! greate/ excell5ce atta9$ by ! lo/ art ( l9e-engrav+4 ,?is sil5ce 0 brok5 f9ally 9 ! arti/'s own bir?place4 ,9 #ahhd ,mr4 ,*>les ,loriquet1 curator ( ! libr>y ( ! city ( ,rheims1 :o _h j complet$ a collection ( ,nanteuil's portraits = ! city museum1 address$ ! ,academy at "o ( its public sitt+s & eloqu5tly plead$ ) ! au?orities to erect a monum5t to him :om he consid]$ second only to ! great ,colb]t z ! mo/ illu/ri\s son ( ,rheims4 ,8 description ( ! arti/ & 8 "w creat$ su* en?usiasm t he 0 lat] induc$ to publi% x1 toge!r ) "s int]e/+ docum5ts conc]n+ ,nanteuil4 ,! unique little book f\nd its way into _m libr>ies1 private z well z public1 & has ev] s9ce be5 unf9dable4 ,_m new books on engrav+ h appe>$ s9ce t day :i* h devot$ z mu* z two or ?ree pages to ?is brilliant arti/ )\t1 h[ev]1 giv+ 8 "w m ?an a sup]ficial criticism4 ,x 0 n until ,mr4 ,t4 ,h4 ,?omas publi%$ 8 rec5t "w 8,fr5* ,portrait ,engrav]s ( ! ,sev5te5? & ,eighte5? ,c5turies0 t ! arti/ receiv$ prop] recognition4 ,nanteuil is "h frankly recogniz$ z "o ( ! mo/ admirable figures 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 & proclaim$ n only pr9ce ( portrait-engrav]s b also a great arti/ among ! portrait-mak]s ( all times4 ,! ?irty pages :i* are devot$ to him con/itute ! mo/ brilliant & ?or\gh criticism t has ev] be5 made ( a l9e-engrav]1--!y are a spl5did analysis ( ! arti/'s te*nique1 8 developm5t1 8 influ5ce on 8 contempor>ies1 & ! exalt$ position :i* he occupi$ among !m4 ,)\t d\bt _m read]s ( t int]e/+ "w w wond] :y !y nev] _h be=e he>d ( su* an important arti/4 ,x 0 only f\r ye>s ago t ,i = "o made 8 acqua9tance4 ,:ile ,i 0 look+ ?r\gh a l>ge collection ( old engrav$ portraits1 "o head 9 p>ticul> arre/$ my att5tion2 x 0 drawn ) su* r>e precision1 model$ ) su* mae/ria1 x _h su* expressive eyes & m\?1 t x made all ! o!r portraits seem flat & lifeless4 ,my admiration turn$ into wond]m5t :5 ,i saw by ! signature t ! arti/ _h drawn x f life z well z engrav$ x4 ,i _h kn[n ! "w ( only ^? %[y engrav]s :o1 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xv1 7 cont5t to copy ! "w ( ! lead+ pa9t]s ( ! day & improve on x if !y c\ld4 ,!re 0 no traduttore traditore ab\t ?is expressive portrait2 "h 0 some?+ ( a v diff]5t ord]4 ,! arti/ 0 a real portrait-mak]1 a /ud5t ( "*1 a wor?y comrade ( ,holbe91 a draughtsman ^: ambition x 0 fir/ to repres5t ! subject z he really look$1 !n to make z f9e an engrav$ plate z possible4 ,! text-books on engrav+ :i* fell into my h&s in=m$ me ( ! rank he _h occupi$ 9 t fam\s s*ool ( engrav+ e/abli%$ by ,l\is ,,xiv & ( ! great numb] ( prom95t p he _h drawn f life4 ,t 0 en\gh to :et my curiosity to ! limit1 = my int]e/ 9 physiognomy _h become a passion1 & :5ev] ,i _h f\nd 9 ! gall]ies ( ,europe a conv9c+ portrait ( a well-kn[n hi/orical p]sonage1 my delight _h be5 ke54 ,holbe9s1 ,van ,dycks1 ,mi]evelts & ,qu5t9 de ,lat\rs _h be5 = ye>s ! objects ( my en?usiasm2 !y 7 liv+ docum5ts1 revelations ( p]sonalities su* z few memoirs provid$4 ,:5 ! catalogue ( ,rob]t-,dumesnil1 ! only complete li/ ( ,nanteuil's portraits1 _h in=m$ me t ,nanteuil's models _h be5 9 great "p ! m5 :o _h giv5 s mu* greatness to ! reign ( ! mo/ spl5did ( mod]n pot5tates1 ,i felt t ! collection mu/ con/itute an hi/orical docum5t ( no mean int]e/1 if ! lik5esses ( ^? celebrities 7 z conv9c+ z t ( ! obscure ,l\is ,hessel91 ,prsid5t de la ,*ambre des ,d5i]s1 :i* ,i n[ own$4 ,b x 0 n until ,i _h por$ ov] ! cont5ts ( six huge volumes conta9+ 8 complete works1 at ! ,cab9et des ,e/ampes ( ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 t ,i realiz$ :at a unique a*ievem5t _h be5 t ( ! engrav] f ,rheims4 ,he _h made1 x seems1 a multitude ( draw+s f life ( 8 contempor>ies1 9 p5cil1 silv]po9t1 crayons1 & pa/els1 f ! ,k+ himself d[n to ! humble/ cur ( 8 p>i%1 & _h !n engrav$ _m ( !m on copp]1 secur+ !reby s _m impressions t al?\gh almo/ all ( 8 orig9al draw+s h disappe>$1 8 "w has be5 p]petuat$ = all times4 7,:oev] has said t a multitude ( %eets ( pap] scatt]$ among ! museums ( ! _w con/itut$ a monum5t m endur+ ?an ! pyramids1 mu/ h be5 a collector1 = he realiz$ ) h[ mu* jeal\sy a treasure c be gu>d$47 ,?r\gh\t all ?is "w ,nanteuil exhibit$ su* p[] z a draughtsman t 8 portraits won int]national fame = _! resemblance1 & moreov] he engrav$ ) su* p]fection t 8 "w & ! influ5ce he ex]t$ ov] ! great s*ool =m$ by ,l\is ,,xiv m>k ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,l9e-engrav+4 ,x is !re=e 9 a dual capacity t ,nanteuil mu/ be admir$1 & ?is po9t has n be5 suffici5tly emphasiz$ by 8 critics4 ,he is an inspir+ example ( a man :o has set out to d only "o ?+ 7= he nev] attempt$ any?+ b heads7--b has le>n$ to d x s well t he rises f> above 8 rivals & has made 8 "n a synonym = supreme excell5ce4 ,to c>ry ! engrav$ portrait to its greate/ possible p]fection _h be5 8 ambition1 & he succe$$ 9 ?is1 = x is n possible to imag9e ! bur9 produc+ m decid$ color1 great] fullness ( tone1 & f9] f9i% ?an c be f\nd 9 a great _m portraits by ,nanteuil4 ,x c be said t he us$ ! %>p metal po9t ) ! same fre$om z a great pa9t] uses a bru%2 8 te*nique 0 s ela/ic & susceptible ( modification t he 0 enabl$ to te/ to ! fulle/ ext5t ! possibilities ( 8 m$ium & to det]m9e its limitations4 ,:5 "o is lucky en\gh to h ! wond]ful collections ( ! ,cab9et des ,e/ampes at 8 disposal1 ! next ?+ to d aft] hav+ se5 ! works ( ,nanteuil is to exam9e ^? ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,x becomes p]fectly cle> :i* arti/s h influ5c$ him1 & to :at ext5t2 x w also be evid5t at a glance t he influ5c$ all ! re/4 ,?is /udy1 h[ev] sup]ficial1 w take sev]al days1 = ! numb] ( pe9tre-graveurs enc\rag$ by ,l\is ,,xiv ?r\gh ! indefatigable ,colb]t 0 great1 & _! "w 0 enorm\s4 ,edel9ck1 :o until rec5tly has be5 bett] kn[n ?an ,nanteuil1 0 extremely prolific1 & ,pitau1 ! ,poillys1 ,masson1 ,lomb>t1 & ,van ,s*upp51 to say no?+ ( ,mellan & ,mor9 among _m o!rs1 produc$ a great _m portraits4 ,:at a collection6 ,:at a complete iconography ( le gr& sicle6 ,"h is ev]ybody :o 0 at all prom95t 9 ! mo/ civiliz$ c\ntry ( ! "t4 ,is x possible n to develop a love ( portraiture1 a /rong int]e/ 9 engrav+ & a desire to collect engrav$ portraits1 ( all pictures ! mo/ conv5i5t1 ! mo/ possible to acquire & keep 9 l>ge numb]s8 ,i am rem9d$ ( ,john ,evelyn & ,samuel ,pepys z well z ( ! abb ,mi*el de ,m>olles1 :o 7 ! fir/ great or sy/ematic collectors ( engrav$ portraits1 ! ,fr5*man own+ tw5ty ?\s& pr9ts & all ! portraits extant4 ,evelyn wrote to ,pepys advis+ him to collect !m1 =1 z he said1 8"s are s well done to ! life t !y may /& 9 competition ) ! be/ pa9t+s40 ,he !n adds3 8,?is 7 a *eap] & s mu* a m useful curiosity z !y seldom are )\t _! names1 ages & eulogies ( ! p]sons ^: portraits !y repres5t4 ,i say y w be exce$+ly pleas$ to contemplate ! effigies ( ^? :o h made su* a noise & bu/le 9 ! _w1 ei!r by _! madness & folly1 or a m conspicu\s figure by _! wit & le>n+4 ,!y w greatly refre% y 9 y\r /udy & by y\r fireside :5 y are _m ye>s return$40 ,we lat] see him write 9 8 8,di>y0 t he _h 8sat to ! great ,nanteuil :o _h be5 knight$ by ! k+ = 8 art0 & _h consid]$ himself 8unwor?y ( be+ includ$ 9 t gall]y ( models :om ,nanteuil's art has made fam\s40 ,we "k by 8 own 8,di>y0 t ,pepys became an en?usia/ic collector & t he w5t ov] to ,p>is to buy _m pr9ts by ! great engrav]1 at a lat] date commission+ 8 wife to secure = him _m m :i* he /rongly desir$4 ,portrait-pa9t+ _h at t "t become a mania1 & !re 0 no "o ( any prom95ce :o did n wi% to leave to po/]ity a record ( 8 physical appe>ance4 ,ri*elieu 9 a s+le ord] _h call$ = an entire gall]y full ( portraits ( celebrities4 ,! ,fr5* pe9tre-graveurs prov$ h[ effectively color c\ld be translat$ into black & :ite1 & by reveal+ ! true relation ( engrav+ to pa9t+ %>$ ! fame ( _! contempor>ies 9 ! o!r arts4 ,x is n possible = ! lov] ( pr9ts to glance at ?is int]m9able gall]y & n be amaz$ at ! numb] ( portraits :i* %[ mu* orig9ality 9 _! treatm5t & inf9ite skill 9 _! execution1 b ,i defy ! admir] ( tru? 9 art n to be impress$ by ! small numb] ( ^? by o!r engrav]s :i* are di/+ui%$ by bo? simplicity & conviction4 ,! heads ( ,mellan1 :i* 7 drawn ) z few l9es z possible1 rema9 absurdly unique1 & ! et*$ portraits ( ,mor91 :o 0 a fai?ful translator ( ,philippe de ,*ampaigne1 are too p]sonal = comp>ison4 ,b ! mass ( ! pe9tre-graveurs give con/ant pro(s ( hav+ be5 influ5c$ by ,nanteuil's me?od1 & 9 ! case ( ,van ,s*upp5 !re is a v close foll[+ inde$ 9 ! ma/]'s foot/eps4 ,he is suppos$ to h be5 8 favorite pupil4 ,nev]!less1 ,edel9ck1 brilliant colori/ z he 0 & a wond]fully clev] arti/ ) 8 bur91 refus$ to d any orig9al "w & too frequ5tly attempt$ to add vigor & brilliancy to ! portraits he copi$4 ,9 model+ 8 faces he1 9 ! op9ion ( ,nanteuil himself1 broke 8 l9es unnecess>ily4 ,! "w ( ,masson lacks quiet & balance1 :5 8 faces are n out ( draw+1 :ile t ( ! re/ ( ! s*ool displays t great vitality & /yle :i* made x a model = all ! arti/s ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 )\t1 h[ev]1 comb9+ ^! qualities ) ! solidity1 consummate sci5ce1 & re/ra9t :i* *>act]ize almo/ all ,nanteuil's portraits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,l\is ,,xiv ,engrav$ 9 #afff f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,l\is ,,xiv 0 tw5ty-eight ye>s ( age :5 ?is portrait 0 engrav$ 8,9 appe>ance ,l\is1 ?\gh admirably proportion$1 0 slightly bel[ ! middle height4 ,8 eyes 7 blue1 8 nose long & well =m$4 ,8 hair1 :i* 0 rem>kable = its abundance1 0 all[$ to fall ov] 8 %\ld]s4 ,) 8 h&some features & 8 s]i\s--p]haps phlegmatic--expression he seem$ admirably fitt$ to play ! "p ( a mon>*40 ,ar?ur ,hassall4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ai #af in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,anne ,,( ,,au/ria1 ,,que5 ,,( ,,france ,engrav$ 9 #afff f ,nanteuil's own design f life ,anne ( ,au/ria 0 ! daught] ( ,philip ,,iii ( ,spa91 wife ( ,l\is ,,xiii ( ,france & "m ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,%e 0 ,reg5t f #afdc to #affa4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ai #af in*es ,no?+ m admirable has be5 done 9 ! realm ( engrav+ ?an ^! quiet pr9ts 9 :i* !re is no affectation1 no p>ade ( te*nical brilliance1 & x is a "q :e!r any?+ m s9c]e has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! hi/ory ( portraiture4 ,! portraits ( ,nanteuil take _! place ) p]fect dignity alongside ( ! subtle crayon portraits ( ! c\rti]s ( ,h5ry ,,viii at ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 & ! exquisite draw+s ( ! c\rti]s ( ,francis ,i & ,h5ry ,,ii1 :i* alone w\ld make ,*antilly wor?y ( a pilgrimage4 ,nanteuil's draw+ is p]fect & 8 mass+ ( tones ma/]ly2 8 expression ( texture has bo? realism & bread?1 & 8 indication ( sk9 by means ( a sy/em ( v close & delicate %ort /rokes is an admirable solution ( a problem :i* _h be5 ! despair ( ! entire s*ool4 ,! mo/ sup]ficial /udy ( 8 model+ ( t side ( ! face :i* is 9 full light1 = in/ance1 w reveal ! supreme delicacy1 ! nev]-fail+ tact1 ) :i* he c>ries out ?is mo/ difficult "p ( ! "w4 ,8 bur9 is z light z a fea!r1 !re is n a l9e too _m1 & he kn[s ! exact value ( ea* & e tone4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t1 accord+ to "o ( 8 pupils1 he _h made a c>eful /udy ( ! *i>oscuro ( ,leon>do1 a ma/] = :om he _h an especial admiration4 ,! great simplicity ( 8 composition all[$ him to conc5trate all ! res\rces ( 8 art on ! expression ( "* 9 ! head4 ,) an und]/&+ ( "* :i* 0 ! mo/ sympa!tic ( 8 day1 he /rove to repres5t 8 model ) all ! outw>d calm ( nature :i* 0 possible 9 an age :5 =m reign$ supreme & e "o 0 en p>ade4 ,to secure ?is t\* ( life ,nanteuil1 at ! la/ sitt+1 w\ld d ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to br+ out 9 8 sitt]'s face t look ( amus$ att5tion :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( 8 portraits1 ) ! result t1 z a brilliant critic has rec5tly rem>k$1 8in/ead ( "o vivid impression 8 portrait is ! sum ( _m impressions1 a balanc$ conclusion r ?an a s+le piece ( evid5ce40 ,x is ?is :i* makes 8 "w s int]e/+ z a hi/orical docum5t4 ,"h we see 9 ! true/ light ! div9e mon>*1 ! arrogant noble1 ! worldly prelate1 ! s]i\s man-(-lett]s1 & ! humble common] :o fill all ! ,fr5* memoirs ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is inde$ high "t t ! arti/ :o has be5 call$ 8! ,l\is ,,xiv ( engrav+0 came into 8 own aga91 or t he at lea/ be accord$ "s ( ! imm5se popul>ity :i* he enjoy$ dur+ ! palmy days ( ! gr& sicle4 ,= two c5turies he has la9 9 an obscurity :i* x is n easy to und]/&1 9 spite ( ! fact t 8 /yle ( portraiture w5t out ( fa%ion long be=e ! great mon>* di$4 ,x rema9$ extremely unpopul> ?r\gh\t ! eighte5? c5tury1 = :at c\ld ^? au/]e bu/ portraits aga9/ a pla9 d>k backgr\nd1 9 ! simple/ ( sett+s1 h 9 common ) ! decorative compositions ( ! days ( ,l\is ,,xv1 9 :i* velvet & embroid]ies1 erm9e & ri* lace1 inlaid armor1 canopies & complicat$ furniture1 play$ su* an important "p8 ,9 comp>ison ) ^! decorative panels !y seem cold & un9t]e/+1 b on ! o!r h& !y alone repres5t real portraiture2 !y reflect ! e>ne/ness ( ,port-,royal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,jules1 ,,c>d9al ,,maz>9 ,engrav$ 9 #afef f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! _m portraits ( ! great m9i/] engrav$ by ,nanteuil4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ac #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,b]n>d ,,de ,,foix ,,de ,,la ,,valette1 ,,duc ,d',,ep]non ,engrav$ 9 #afej f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life 8,?is man 0 ! son ( ! ,duc d',ep]non1 :o 0 seat$ 9 ! c>riage ) ,h5ry ,,iv at ! "t :5 ! k+ 0 assass9at$4 ,! ,duc 0 suspect$ ( complicity 9 ! plot1 b ?is nev] 0 prov$4 ,bo? ! eld] & ! y\ng] ,esp]non 7 extremely haughty & arrogant m54 ,_! possessions 9 ,gui5ne 7 ( an almo/ royal "* & !y gov]n$ !m practically indep5d5t ( ! royal au?ority4 ,bo? 7 associat$ ) ! reaction>y p>ty40 ,j4 ,b4 ,p]k9s1 ,france "u ,ri*elieu & ,maz>94 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #aj in*es ,!re _c h be5 a "t :5 !y 7 n admir$ by ^? :o possess$ true arti/ic p]ception1 b !re is no indication t any special value 0 atta*$ to !m or t !y 7 collect$4 ,suffice x to say t at ! ,m>iette sale1 9 #agge1 ! complete works ( ,nanteuil1 two hundr$ & eighty pro(s ( two hundr$ & sixte5 plates 9 *oice impressions1 realiz$ only a trifle ov] "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,m ?an five times t sum has rec5tly be5 paid = "o s+le pr9t4 ,9 #ahbe1 at a fam\s auction1 record prices ( twelve doll>s & n9e doll>s 7 paid respectively = ! portraits ( ,pompone de ,bellivre & ,ri*elieu4 ,half a c5tury lat] _! value 0 n mu* great]1 & g5]al int]e/ 9 !m rema9$ dormant until f\r ye>s ago :5 ! collect+ _w sudd5ly realiz$ _! arti/ic wor?1 & made a raid on ! lead+ m>kets ( ,europe4 ,x is said t ,nanteuil kept a j\rnal2 if s1 we mu/ greatly deplore ! fact t x has n be5 pres]v$ to u1 = we w\ld h be5 treat$ to a delightful acc\nt ( ! habits ( pa9t]s 9 t "t & to _m anecdotes connect$ ) _! sitt+s4 ,:o %all ev] "k ! numb] ( ,nanteuil's sitt]s8 ,8 /udio 0 f\nd full ( pa/el portraits _m ( :i* _h nev] be5 engrav$1 & 8 p5cil & p5 sket*es seem to h be5 innum]able4 ,9 spite ( 8 reputation ( bon vivant & 8 popul>ity ) bo? ! b\rgeoisie & ! nobility1 allusions to ,nanteuil 9 ! memoirs ( ! day are fragm5t>y & we "k little ab\t ! man4 ,we are told1 h[ev]1 t he 0 born 9 ,rheims ab\t #afcj & t he drew s p]si/5tly dur+ 8 s*ool ye>s t 8 /udies 7 sadly neglect$4 ,x 0 only ?r\gh ! excell5ce ( ! frontispiece :i* he engrav$ = 8 !sis t he succe$$ 9 secur+ 8 degree4 ,! consci5ti\s engrav] ,regnesson taught him all he knew1 gave him 8 si/] 9 m>riage1 & s5t him to ,p>is1 n to complete 8 appr5tice%ip1 = ,nanteuil 0 already m fam\s ?an 8 ma/]1 b 9 ord] to place him "u ! influ5ce ( ! c\rt pa9t]s4 ,9 ! great city 8 wit & conviviality won him _m fri5ds & 8 tal5t = secur+ an excell5t lik5ess secur$ him in/ant fame4 ,x is said t he receiv$ 8 fir/ ord] by foll[+ "s div9ity /ud5ts to a w9e-%op :]e !y 7 wont to take _! meals4 ,!re1 hav+ *os5 "o ( ! portraits he _h br\ght f ,rheims1 he pret5d$ to look = a sitt] ^: "n & address he _h =gott54 ,x is sup]flu\s to add t ! picture 0 n recogniz$1 b x 0 pass$ f h& to h&1 ! price 0 ask$1 ! arti/ 0 mode/ 9 8 dem&s1 & be=e ! end ( ! repa/ 8 c>e] _h begun4 ,he made s _m portraits 9 a week t he 0 advis$ by a fam\s connoisseur to limit 8 production to f\r4 ,at night he copi$ !m 9 p5-&-ink = ! sake ( famili>iz+ himself ) t bur9 "w :i* lat] 0 to a/oni% ,europe4 ,dur+ _m mon?s he cat]$ to ! gr[+ dem& = ! portrait1 ) draw+s 9 ! /yle ( ^? ( ! ,cl\ets & ! ,dumon/i]s4 ,"o has b to realize 9 :at favor all portrait-mak]s 7 9 ^? days 9 ord] to und]/& h[ ?is peculi>ly gift$ arti/ sprang into su* sudd5 popul>ity4 ,! dignity ( ,fr5* portrait-pa9t+ 0 be+ upheld by ! noble ,philippe de ,*ampaigne1 "u ^: influ5ce ! pa9t]s ( ! "t produc$ a great numb] ( portraits :i*1 if n te*nically brilliant1 7 pres5t$ ) t s]i\s dignity :i* 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury & 7 drawn ) admirable s9c]ity & correctness4 ,to him ,nanteuil w5t = advice & enc\ragem5t1 & soon aft] pres5t$ ! engrav$ copy ( ! pa9t]'s late/ portrait2 x met ) s mu* success t x c be said to h />t$ ! trem5d\s vogue ( ! engrav$ portrait & ! =mation ( ! great s*ool :i* ,colb]t in/all$ at ! ,gobel9s4 ,mean:ile ! arti/1 already a p]fect draughtsman & v pr(ici5t ) pa/els1 _h c>efully /udi$ ! te*nique ( all ! lead+ engrav]s1 & z soon z he _h evolv$ a sy/em ( 8 own b5t all 8 ef=ts on revolutioniz+ ! art4 ,nanteuil made a picturesque db dur+ t incr$ible op]a-b\ffe1 ! ,w> ( ! ,fronde4 ,he 0 draught$ into milit>y s]vice1 b al?\gh frequ5tly active ) a blund]buss & we>+ a false be>d 9 imitation ( ! dread$ ,swiss m]c5>ies1 he succe$$ 9 mak+ a portrait ( all ! h]oes ( ! day4 ,= him sat ,cond & ! ,duc d',ep]non1 ! la/ repres5tative ( feudalism 9 ,france2 ! ,ducs de ,b\illon1 de ,m]cur1 de ,nem\rs1 & de ,beau=t1 :o met 9 tav]ns to appo9t ! g5]als ( an army :i* did n exi/2 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 de ,retz1 :o appe>$ 9 ,p>liam5t arm$ l a pirate2 t fat poet & peasant ,loret1 :o sold on /reet corn]s 8 8,muse ,hi/orique10 a daily satire on ! intrigu+ nobles 8:o 7 n afraid ( bullets b :o 7 9 deadly fe> ( w9t] mud10 & la/ly ! indomitable prime m9i/]1 ,c>d9al ,maz>91 :om ! populace twice drove f ,p>is & !n s madly welcom$ back t _m 7 trampl$ to dea? 9 ! riot4 ,( t wily ,italian he engrav$ z _m z f\rte5 portraits4 ,dur+ ! few ye>s :i* foll[$ ! civil w> he made 8 mo/ int]e/+ portraits4 ,x 0 !n t he assidu\sly frequ5t$ ! lit]>y salons ( ! capital :]e1 a poeta/] ( "s r5[n1 he 0 ev] welcome & made t beautiful pa/el portrait ( ,madame de ,svign :i* has be5 pres]v$ to u1 & ano!r ( ,mlle4 de ,scudry1 :o ?ank$ him z foll[s3 ,nanteuil en faisant mon image ,a de son art div9 signal le p\voir1 ,je hais mes traits dans mon miroir1 ,je les aime dans son ouvrage4 ,at ?is "t he engrav$ ! set ( small-size portraits :i* repres5ts ! high-wat] m>k ( 8 tal5t4 ,c "o possibly imag9e any?+ m exquisitely *oice ?an 8 heads ( ,m>idat ! philosoph] & ,hugues de ,lionne ! secret>y = =eign affairs8 ,) equal excell5ce he made ! portraits ( ,*apela91 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 :o report$ himself to ! ,k+ z a great] poet ?an ,corneille1 ,scudry1 :o sign$ ! popul> novels writt5 by 8 si/]1 ! witty ,m>quis de ,/4 ,brisson1 ! poets ,loret & ,s>raz91 ! g5ial ,abb de ,m>olles1 savant & pr9t-collector1 ! le>n$ octog5>ian ,le ,vay]1 & ! ex-preceptor ( ! ,k+1 ! ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 ,prfixe de ,beaumont4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,jean ,,loret ,engrav$ 9 #affh f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,loret is *iefly rememb]$ = 8 ,gazette1 writt5 9 v]s libres1 :i* he began to issue 9 #afej1 & cont9u$ until 8 dea? 9 #afff4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,fran,,ois ,,de ,,la ,,mo! ,,le ,,vay] ,engrav$ 9 #affa f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,few 7 ,le ,vay]'s equal ei!r 9 wit or le>n+4 ,8 writ+s 7 exce$+ly num]\s4 ,reg>d$ z ! ,plut>* ( 8 c5tury = 8 b\ndless erudition & 8 mode ( reason+4 ,he di$ at ! age ( eighty-six1 9 #afgb1 hav+ enjoy$ good heal? to ! la/ days ( 8 life4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #g in*es ,^! portraits owe _! size to ! fact t !y _h be5 us$ z frontispieces = ! works ( ^? v>i\s p]sonages1 b ! special c>e1 ! con amore f9i% ) :i* !y are execut$1 is due to ! fact t ! subjects 7 w>m p]sonal fri5ds ( ! arti/4 ,! portrait ( ,john ,evelyn 0 made 9 ! same way1 al?\gh be=e ! arti/'s te*nique _h rea*$ its fulle/ developm5t4 ,be=e ! ye> #affj ,nanteuil made1 besides _m portraits includ+ ^? m5tion$ above & sev]al ( ,maz>91 f\r v rem>kable ones ( a l>g] size4 ,!y are ^? ( ,c>d9al de ,coisl91 ! "y ,duc de ,b\illon1 ,m>ie de ,bragelogne1 & ! abb ,basile ,f\quet4 ,! prelate 0 a ,jesuit :o became *apla9 ( ,v]sailles2 ! y\?1 z "l *amb]la9 ( ,france1 _h ! honor ( h&+ ! ,k+ 8 night%irt1 an honor :i* he =feit$ =ev] :5 on two successive nights he =got 8 gloves4 ,! woman 0 an old love ( ,ri*elieu2 ! delicate model+ ( h] c>eworn face is wor?y ( ,holbe9's be/ mann] & is execut$ ) a tact t baffles description4 ,?is plate rem9ds u ( ! fact t out ( two hundr$ & sixte5 portraits ,nanteuil made only eight ( wom52 ( ^! only two 7 made f life1--t ( ,anne ( ,au/ria & ! "o m5tion$ above1 b !y are gems ( pure/ ray s]5e :i* make u sigh :5 we ?9k ( :at he c\ld h done ) ,h5rietta ( ,engl& & ,mesdames de ,lavallire1 de ,montespan1 & de ,ma9t5on6 ,z to ! f\r? portrait1 x is t ( ! bro!r ( ! great ,sur9t5dant des ,f9ances1 ,nicolas ,f\quet2 he 0 at t "t ! head spy ( ,maz>9 z well z ! *ancellor ( ! ord]s ( ! ,k+ & ! mo/ accompli%$ rascal :o ev] fi%$ 9 tr\bl$ wat]s4 ,^! f\r engrav$ portraits are ma/]pieces ( *>act]ization1 & exhibit 9 ! mo/ eloqu5t way ! ma/]'s p[]ful draughtsman%ip1 8 utt] lack ( mann]isms1 & ! sympa!tic way 9 :i* he v>i$ 8 entire te*nical treatm5t to suit diff]5t subjects4 ,"h is abundant pro( t he 0 prim>ily a portrait-mak]1 t1 9 spite ( ! fact t he h&l$ ! bur9 ) z mu* ease & sur5ess z 8 p5cil & *alks1 he nev] /rove aft] effect & nev] all[$ 8 skill to c>ry him away & m> ! unity ( 8 p]fectly balanc$ composition4 ,he is a psy*ologi/ :o consi/5tly /rove to br& 8 model's s\l on 8 c\nt5ance4 ,( no o!r pe9tre-graveur c we say z mu*4 ,) ! ye> #affj came ! royal m>riage1 & a twelvemon? lat] ! dea? ( ! despotic ,maz>9 & ! emancipation ( ! "y ,k+4 ,nanteuil's fame by ?is "t 0 ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 he 0 ev]y:]e recogniz$ z a pa/-ma/] ( 8 art & 0 9 a position to refuse z _m ord]s z he pleas$4 ,! lead+ m5 9 ! *ur*1 ! p>liam5t1 & ! b\rgeoisie1 :i* always foll[$ ! lead ( ! nobility1 did n re/ until !y _h ! arti/ f ,rheims engrave _! portraits & /rike (f _m hundr$ impressions1 :i* 7 quickly en\gh di/ribut$ among _! families & fri5ds4 ,among !m 7 ! ,matre d',htel & ! physician ( ! ,k+1 ,gu5ault1 ! quack :o look$ aft] ! heal? ( ! ,que51 & ,dreux d',aubray1 :o became ! fir/ victim ( 8 daught]1 ! fam\s murd]ess1 ! ,m>quise de ,br9villi]s4 ,! two great protectors ( ,nanteuil at ?is "t 7 ,mi*el ,le ,telli] & ,nicolas ,f\quet4 ,( ! =m]1 :o 0 !n w> m9i/] & :o z *ancellor ( ,france di$ ! day aft] sign+ ! fatal ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 we h t5 conv9c+ portraits1 z well z five ( 8 son ,*>les ,maurice :o became ! worldlie/ ( ar*bi%ops1 & "o ( 8 elde/ son :o became ! dread$ w> m9i/] ,l\vois4 ,^! sixte5 portraits ( ! ,le ,telli] family repres5t "s ( ,nanteuil's be/ "w4 ,! portrait ( ,f\quet is a great hi/orical docum5t1 a piece ( mo/ subtle *>act]ization done 9 ! arti/'s be/ mann]1 & x is int]e/+ to note t x 0 made only a v %ort "t be=e ! s5sational fall ( t !n mo/ p[]ful man 9 ! k+dom4 ,c\ld we b "k :at ?\ghts ran ?r\gh ! head ( ! ,"l ( ,vaux z he sat = 8 portrait ) a quizzical smile6 ,nanteuil1 by ! way1 has left u ! record ( ! appe>ance ( practically all ! pr9cipal figures ( t s5sational trial :i* la/$ ?ree ye>s & ! outcome ( :i* alone assur$ ! complete indep5d5ce ( ! ,k+4 ,nanteuil _h n[ patrons influ5tial en\gh to insure him a graci\s welcome at c\rt4 ,8 greate/ ambition _h be5 to pa9t ! "y ,k+ & he felt able to improve greatly on ! ef=ts ( bo? ,mign>d & ,lebrun4 ,) ?is end 9 view he address$ to ! ,k+ a petition = a sitt+ 9 su* eloqu5t v]se t ! reque/ 0 readily grant$4 ,! fir/ pa/el portrait ( ! ,k+ seems to h made a small s5sation at c\rt2 8,come & look at y\r husb& 9 ?is portrait1 madame10 said ,anne ( ,au/ria to ! "y ,que52 8he fairly speaks40 ,/ill great]1 h[ev]1 0 ! ,k+'s delight :5 he saw ! engrav$ copy ( ! portrait :i* ,nanteuil lat] pres5t$ to him4 ,he rew>d$ ) a gift ( #djjj livres ! arti/ :om he _h already nam$ c\rt pa9t] & engrav] ) a lodg+ at ! ,gobel9s1 & at ^: bidd+ he _h rais$ ! /atus ( engrav+ to a f9e art4 ,!re are 9 all elev5 ( ^! portraits ( ,l\is ,,xiv & !y give u an excell5t idea ( ! haughty appe>ance1 ! conceit$ expression ( ! demigod dur+ ! happie/ p]iod ( 8 life4 ,:at c>e we = ! old mon>* :o lat] 0 c>icatur$ by ! pomp ( ,rigaud's pa9t+ & ! satire ( ,?ack]ay8 ,?is is ! "y ,alex&] :o has j seiz$ ! re9s ( gov]nm5t & set up ! mo/ brilliant c\rt 9 hi/ory4 ,9 ! e>lie/ "o he is tw5ty-six ye>s old1 madly 9 love ) ,mlle4 de ,la ,vallire1 & build+ ,v]sailles ) fev]i% ha/e2 at ! la/ sitt+ he is ?irty-eight & hopelessly "u ! sway ( ,madame de ,montespan4 ,"h he be>s our gaze ) a contemptu\s air1 ! man :o1 8if he 0 n ! greate/ ( k+s1 0 ! greate/ actor ( maje/y :o ev] fill$ a ?rone40 ,^! portraits 7 consid]$ extraord9>y 9 po9t ( resemblance4 ,! great ,b]n9i himself1 :o _h come f ,italy to make a bu/ ( ! ,k+1 w>mly congratulat$ ! engrav] on 8! be/ portrait ev] made ( 8 ,maje/y10 & ?is be=e ! lead+ p]sonages ( ! c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,nicolas ,,f\quet ,engrav$ 9 #affa f ,nanteuil's own design f life 8,( ! ?ree m9i/]s to :om ,l\is _h op5ly giv5 8 confid5ce1 ,lionne1 ,le ,telli]1 & ,f\quet1 ! la/ nam$ 0 ! only "o :o possess$ ! qualities necess>y = a prime m9i/]4 8#8,x 0 g5]ally believ$1' says ,madame de ,la ,fayette1 #8t ! ,sup]9t5d5t w\ld be call$ ^u to take ! ,gov]nm5t into 8 h&s4' ,!re is no d\bt :atev] t ,f\quet himself expect$ ev5tually to succe$ ,maz>940 ,ar?ur ,hassall1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ac #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,basile ,,f\quet ,engrav$ 9 #afeh f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,basile ,f\quet1 ,abb de ,b>beaux & ,rigny1 ,*anceli] des ,ordres du ,roi1 0 ! bro!r ( ,nicolas ,f\quet1 ! fam\s ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,f9ance4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,an unusual feature ( ^! royal portraits is t sev5 ( !m are life-size1 a feat :i* _h n be5 previ\sly attempt$4 ,x _h become ! fa%ion to hang ^! portraits 9 ri* frames at ! top ( ! high wa9scots us$ 9 ^? days1 & ! v l>ge size adopt$ by ,nanteuil made ( !m decorative panels :i* held _! own ev5 9 a roomful ( pa9t+s4 ,_m ( ! nobles mu/ h own$ complete sets4 ,!y met ) su* favor t dur+ ! la/ f\r ye>s ( 8 life ! arti/ engrav$ entirely 9 t size1 ab\t tw5ty-two in*es by ?irty1 & _h />t$ a gall]y ( all ! great m5 ( ,france2 he _h actually produc$ z _m z ?irty-six be=e he di$ 9 #afgh4 ,! li/ includes ! portraits ( ! ,que5 ,"m ,anne ( ,au/ria1 deck$ out 9 all h] f9]y a few weeks be=e %e di$1 t ( ! "y ,dauph91 ! effem9ate bro!r ( ! ,k+ ! ,duc d',orlans1 ,colb]t1 ,tur5ne1 ,l\vois1 ,bossuet1 ! ,duc de ,*aulnes1 & sev]al o!r celebrities4 ,!y are admirable plates 9 :i* he secur$ broad masses & simple effects by means ( ! same sy/em he us$ 9 8 small portraits4 ,9 spite ( ! v l>ge surface & :at seems l a million l9es !re is no confusion1 n a flaw 9 ! unity ( 8 composition4 ,!y _h =m$ ! special admiration ( ! la/ ,m$ici ,duke ( ,tuscany :51 on a visit to ,france1 he _h insi/$ on meet+ ,nanteuil4 ,f him he pur*as$ = ! ,uffizi ,gall]y 9 ,flor5ce ! portrait ( ! pa9t] himself & ^? ( ! ,k+ & ,tur5ne4 ,he moreov] oblig$ him to accept a pupil dans l'intimit1 a ?+ :i* ,nanteuil _h nev] done = he always lock$ himself up :5 he engrav$ 8 plates4 ,x 0 t ,dom5ico ,tempe/i :o has left u su* an int]e/+ record ( ! habits ( ! engrav] & ! ideas he held on ! subject ( portraiture4 ,x is f him t we "k t ! ma/] made all ^? delightful pa/el portraits 9 ?ree sitt+s ( exactly two h\rs ea*4 ,w\ld t we knew h[ long x took him to engrave !m6 we c only =m a vague idea ( ?is f ! fact t 9 8 mo/ prolific ye> he made fifte5 engrav$ portraits4 ,rob]t-,dumesnil limits to t5 ! portraits engrav$ entirely by ,nanteuil2 ! selection he makes is judici\s1 b ! numb] 0 c]ta9ly f> great]4 ,( c\rse ! purely me*anical draught+ ( ! frame & ! fill+ ( ! backgr\nd 0 ! "w ( assi/ants1 & x is m ?an probable t 9 _m ( ! less important plates & 9 ! life-size portraits1 on acc\nt ( ! great surface to be cov]$1 ! co/ume 0 engrav$ by su* pupils z ,pitau & ,van ,s*upp51 = in/ance1 z _! clev]ness = su* "w almo/ equal$ _! ma/]'s4 ,b 9 all ! small portraits & ^? ( ,tur5ne & ! ,ducs de ,b\illon1 = in/ance1 we recognize ev]y:]e ! vigor\s yet tactful t\* ( ,nanteuil himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,jean ,,*apela9 ,engrav$ 9 #afee f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,jean ,*apela91 born at ,p>is1 ,decemb] #d1 #aeie1 di$ ,febru>y #bb1 #afgd4 ,8 m$iocre poem 8,la ,pucelle0 br\ght him mu* m r5[n ?an ! 8,iliad0 br\ght to ,hom]4 ,x 0 ,*apela9 :o correct$ ! fir/ poems ( ,rac9e4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,pompone ,,de ,,belli,,vre ,engrav$ 9 #afeg 7:5 ,nanteuil 0 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age7 aft] ! pa9t+ by ,*>les ,lebrun4 ,by _m au?orities x has be5 describ$ z ! mo/ beautiful ( all engrav$ portraits4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,reproductive "w 0 = ,nanteuil an exception4 ,! plates :i* he engrav$ f ! pa9t+s ( o!r arti/s numb] ?irty-eight2 to ea* ( !m he affix$ ! "n ( ! pa9t] ) a fairness :i* ,edel9ck1 = "o1 seldom exhibit$4 ,x is natural t ^! plates %\ld %[ little ( t inspiration & orig9ality :i* 7 di/9ctive ( a born "* /ud5t l ! arti/ f ,rheims1 b ! majority are supremely int]e/+ & ! f9e/ are ma/]pieces4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ! e>lie/ ones1 notably 9 ! head ( ,*avigny1 reput$ a son ( ,ri*elieu1 he 0 exp]im5t+ ) te*nique & t sev]al o!rs :i* 7 us$ z frontispieces 7 m]ely potboil]s4 ,ev5 ! portrait ( ,que5 ,*ri/9a ( ,sw$5 & ! mu* ov]rat$ "o ( ! ,dut* lawy] van ,/e5b]gh5 are no?+ m ?an int]e/+ /udies ( simple l9ework & s(tness ( tone4 ,9 ^? ( ! two little sons ( ! ,du*esse de ,longueville1 ! ,comte de ,dunois & ! ,comte de ,sa9t ,paul1 we see h[ easy x 0 = ,nanteuil's te*nique to express ! s(t outl9e & ! t5d] complexion ( y\? ) a *>m+ effect4 ,aft] ,lebrun he engrav$ ) an admirable *i>oscuro ! head ( ! ,*ancellor ,segui]1 & t well-kn[n portrait ( ,pompone de ,bellivre1 /atesman & philan?ropi/1 :i*1 if lack+ 9 vigor1 repres5ts ! highe/ po9t rea*$ by ! intellig5t ref9em5t ( l9ework4 ,b x is only ) ! sob] & precise "w ( 8 ma/] ,philippe de ,*ampaigne t ,nanteuil _h a positive aff9ity4 ,! two arti/s held id5tical views ab\t portraiture & ! ,flemi% pa9t] f\nd 9 ! engrav] f ,rheims an int]pret] :o fairly brea!d 9 unison ) him4 ,x is n possible to imag9e any?+ m admirable ?an ! engrav$ portraits ( de ,neufville1 bi%op ( ,*>tres1 ,ri*elieu1 & ,m>%al ,tur5ne4 ,!y und\bt$ly repres5t ! la/ ^w on ! subject ( l9e-engrav+4 ,! face ( ! ,c>d9al is treat$ ) all ! subtlety ( ,velasquez & ! head ( ! greate/ capta9 ( 8 "t is model$ ) a /r5g? ( color+ :i* ,rembr&t himself w\ld h admir$4 ,?is plate %[s 9 ! cle>e/ way ,nanteuil's ability to repres5t diff]5t textures3 ! hair1 sk91 lace1 silk1 & /eel armor are treat$ ) precision :i* is :olly satisfy+ & a bread? :i* comm&s ! highe/ admiration4 ,f ! inv5tory made 9 8 h\se ! day aft] 8 dea? we le>n t ,nanteuil _h = ye>s be5 dissipat+ 9 extravagant liv+ ! l>ge sums he _h e>n$ ) 8 "w4 ,8 h\sehold goods1 8 draw+s1 & ! tools ( 8 pr(ession 7 sold "u ! hamm]1 & x is amus+ at ! pres5t day to realize t a lot consi/+ ( #biff ( 8 pr9ts1 toge!r ) _m reams ( pap] & 8 pr9t+-press1 7 valu$ at only sev5 hundr$ doll>s4 ,x is also expla9$ :y mo/ ( 8 portraits w5t ?r\gh s _m diff]5t /ates2 x 0 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! 8!ses40 ,a curi\s fa%ion x 0 by :i* weal?y /ud5ts 9 law1 philosophy1 & ! arts =mally d$icat$ _! graduat+ !ses to "o or ano!r di/+ui%$ p]sonage ^: engrav$ portrait !y ord]$ f a pe9tre-graveur4 ,?is1 ) a l5g?y d$ication1 0 !n atta*$ to ! pr9t$ !sis z a frontispiece & s5t to ! patron & to _m ( 8 fri5ds4 ,x is ?us t ! ,*ancellor d',aligre commission$ ,nanteuil1 :o _h ! monopoly ( su* "w1 to engrave & /rike (f tw5ty-five hundr$ pro(s ( a new & extra-l>ge portrait ( ! ,k+ measur+ ?irty in*es by =ty-two = 8 son's !sis2 = ?is & ! pr9t+ ( ! !sis itself ! engrav] receiv$ ! sum ( #aj1djj livres1 or ab\t #ijjj ( our money4 ,! price ( an ord9>y engrav$ portrait 0 #bjjj4 ,o!r less weal?y po/ulants _h to be cont5t ) ord]+ a reimpression ( a plate :i* _h already be5 us$ & :i* ne$$ only a *ange ( d$ication4 ,9 ?is way ! portrait ( ! ,dauph9 = in/ance w5t ?r\gh fifte5 /ates & "o ( ! ,k+ w5t ?r\gh elev52 ! plates 7 naturally (t5 ret\*$ by ! arti/ 9 ord] to enable !m to )/& s mu* use4 ,n to ^! !ses alone1 h[ev]1 mu/ ! great numb] ( royal portraits :i* 7 pr9t$ be attribut$1 = !y _h become imm5sely popul> ?r\gh\t ! k+dom & :oev] c\ld af=d x _h "o hang+ 9 8 h\se4 ,9 #affg ,c>d9al de ,b\illon ord]$ ! portrait ( ! ,k+ = 8 !sis1 & "s ye>s lat] ano!r /ud5t select$ = 8 patron ! ,c>d9al himself4 ,9 #afge x 0 ! son ( d',artagnan1 de> to all lov]s ( romance1 :o 0 pres5t$ by 8 fa!r ) ! f9e/ ( ! ,k+'s portraits = 8 !sis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,h5ri ,,de ,,la ,,t\r ,d',,auv]gne1 ,,vicomte ,,de ,,tur5ne1 ,,m>,,*al ,,de ,,france ,engrav$ f ! pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne 8,x is n possible to imag9e any?+ m admirable ?an ! engrav$ portraits ( de ,neufville1 bi%op ( ,*>tres1 ,ri*elieu1 & ,m>%al ,tur5ne4 ,!y und\bt$ly repres5t ! la/ ^w on ! subject ( l9e-engrav+4444 ,! head ( ! greate/ capta9 ( 8 "t is model$ ) a /r5g? ( color+ :i* ,rembr&t himself w\ld h admir$40 ,l\is ,r4 ,metcalfe4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,nanteuil4 ,,jean-,,bapti/e ,,colb]t ,engrav$ 9 #affh f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life ,to ,colb]t ,l\is ,,xiv 0 indebt$ = mu*1 if n all1 ( ! success ( 8 ent]prises dur+ ! tw5ty-five ye>s succe$+ ! dea? ( ,c>d9al ,maz>94 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ai #af in*es ,( c\rse ?is cu/om does n acc\nt = all ! *anges ( /ate4 ,:5 an ar*bi%op became a c>d9al = in/ance1 ! engrav] made ! necess>y modification 9 ! co/ume on ! copp] & provid$ 8 patron ) a new set ( impressions2 simil>ly = a *ange 9 a title4 ,9 ! case ( ,f\quet1 ! second ( five /ates ( 8 portrait 0 made necess>y by a mi/ake 9 spell+ 9 ! d$ication1 ! o!rs be+ und\bt$ly due to ! t\*+-up ( ! plate on acc\nt ( ! great numb] ( impressions ord]$ by a p[]ful man ! circle ( ^: fri5ds con/itut$ ! real c\rt ( t "t4 ,9 ! case ( ,c>d9al ,maz>91 politics und\bt$ly play$ a great "p 9 ! use :i* 0 made ( 8 portraits4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n t ,nanteuil 0 himself ! au?or ( mo/ ( ! titles & d$ications bo? 9 prose & 9 v]se1 9 ,lat9 z well z 9 ,fr5*1 :i* =m su* an attractive feature ( 8 pr9ts4 ,?is 0 to be expect$ ( ! clev] v]sifi] :o _h writt5 su* amus+ sonnets to ! royal family & ! lead]s ( ! c\rt 9 connection ) _! sitt+s1 & ( ! *e]ful companion :o _h kn[n s intimately ! beaux-esprits :om ! hospitality ( ,f\quet _h s (t5 conv5$ at 8 *teau ( ,vaux4 ,to ! ,que51 :o _h a complexion ( m>vel\s :it5ess1 he wrote a poem ?ank+ h] = ! ord] = h] portrait1 :i* end$ ) ?is l9e3 8,mais pr5ons c\rage1 on a pe9t le soleil mme avec un *>bon60 ,nanteuil's orig9al draw+s 9 p5cil1 crayons1 & pa/els are few] by f> ?an ^? ( ! ,cl\ets or ! pa/elli/s ( ! eighte5? c5tury :i* h be5 pres]v$ to u2 probably n m ?an tw5ty are n[ to be f\nd 9 public collections4 ,to my k ! ,l\vre has two1 ! ,museum ( ,rheims f\r1 ! ,*>tres ,museum "o1 ,flor5ce ?ree1 ,*antilly f\r1 & ,/af=d ,h\se1 ,london1 six4 ,!y are supremely int]e/+ = t simplicity & s9c]ity1 t liv+ tru?1 :i* make "o feel z if he recogniz$ old acqua9tances4 ,z = 8 engrav+s1 !re are spl5did collections ( !m 9 ,p>is1 ,dresd51 & ,*antilly1 & !re doesn't exi/ a private collection ( any importance 9 ! _w :i* does n conta9 "s ( ! noble "w ( ! pa/-ma/] ( engrav$ portraiture1 ! pa9t] ( ! mo/ brilliant p]iod 9 mod]n hi/ory1 ! g5ial arti/ :o _h said to 8 pupil3 8,le temps et la pe9e ne font pas tant les beaux ouvrages que la bonne humeur et l'intellig5ce40 ,,rembr&t',s ,,l&scape ,,et*+s ,,by ,,laur5ce ,,b9yon ,assi/ant-,keep] ( ,pr9ts & ,draw+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,au?or ( 8,dut* ,et*]s10 8,pa9t+ 9 ! ,f> ,ea/10 etc4 ,! pione]s ( l&scape art1 ^? :o h op5$ up new possibilities ( design 9 l&scape !mes1 71 at lea/ until ! n9ete5? c5tury1 c]ta9 great ma/]s ( figure-pa9t+4 ,titian1 ,rub5s1 ,velasquez1 ,rembr&t1 ea* ( ^! gave a fre% impulse to ! pa9t+ ( l&scape1 an impulse :i* ev5 to-day has n lo/ its inspiration2 :ile ! conv5tions e/abli%$ by ,claude1 ,ruysdael & ,salvator ,rosa seem by comp>ison tame & m or less artificial or demod$4 ,( ^! ma/]s ,rembr&t is ! ne>e/ to mod]n feel+4 ,! fam\s ,mill1 9 :i* a l&scape motive is treat$ ) a ri*ness & dep? ( humanity t hi!rto _h f\nd expression only 9 figure-subjects1 /&s 9 ?is respect z a monum5t 9 ,european art4 ,yet l&scapes =m a v small proportion ( ,rembr&t's pa9t+s4 ,rembr&t z a pa9t] r>ely seems to treat l&scape = its own sake4 ,he composes = ! mo/ "p arbitr>ily1 us+ broad spaces ( level & hill-masses ) ru9$ t[]s z ! mat]ial elem5ts ( a sc5e = :i* "s vision>y play ( gleam & cl\d seems ! real motive 9 8 m9d1 ! c\nt]p>t ( ! emotions he s\ght to communicate & evoke4 ,we are n[ conc]n$ ) ,rembr&t z an et*]4 ,"h aga9 ! proportion ( l&scape to figure-subjects is small4 ,!re are sev5 & tw5ty out ( a total ( "s ?ree hundr$ et*+s4 ,we note at once t ! et*$ l&scapes pres5t a diff]5t aspect f ! pa9t$ l&scapes4 ,9 8 pa9t+s ,rembr&t %[s none ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! national l&scape s*ool ( ,holl&1 ( ^? arti/s :o reli$ on ! features ( _! native l&1--its wide pa/ures1 its canals1 its seaports1 its s&-dunes1 its f>ms1 its great skies & imm5se horizons1--& made ( ! pla9 portraiture ( ^! famili> sc5es _! pride & glory4 ,r he took h9ts f 8 travel$ c\ntrym5 & ! pa9t]s :o _h s\ght ! classic ,s\?4 ,l&scape1 :e!r treat$ simply or z an adjunct to "s sc5e f ,scriptural /ory1 0 to him a s\rce ( romantic appeal4 ,& j z ,italian ma/]s1 l ,botticelli1 h sometimes introduc$ z backgr\nd =eign sc5es f ! ,rh9el& sugge/$ by ! "w ( ,nor!rn pa9t]s1 s ,rembr&t1 to :om m\nta9s _h all ! fasc9ation ( /rang5ess & romance1 took f actual draw+s ( ,titian's s*ool :i* he may h possess$ or se51 or f pictures by travel$ ,dut*m5 l ,h]cules ,segh]s1 ! features he desir$1 fus+ !m into a _w ( 8 own imag9ation4 ,! et*+s1 on ! contr>y1 are = ! mo/ "p pure ,holl&4 ,yet _! inspiration is v diff]5t f t ( ! typical ,dut* pa9t] or et*]4 ,!y are n m]e portraits ( places4 ,ev5 :5 app>5tly simple transcripts f ! sc5e be=e ! arti/'s eyes1 ! compos+ _s is at "w 9 !m1 re>rang+ & suppress+4 ,& p]haps j because ( ?is abs5ce ( ! lit]al topographical _s1 !y seem to conta9 ! ess5tial g5ius & atmosph]e ( ,dut* l&scape4 ,practically all ,rembr&t's l&scape "w belongs to ! middle p]iod ( 8 life4 ,"s writ]s h s\ght to acc\nt = ?is by suppos+ t he turn$ to su* subjects 9 "s rural retreat to soo! 8 ov]:elm+ grief at ! loss ( 8 wife4 ,! actual dates h>dly support ?is supposition4 ,saskia di$ 9 ! summ] ( #afdb4 ,b ! l&scapes beg9 a few ye>s be=e t date4 ,! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! ma/]'s life at ,am/]dam--! ye>s ( 8 prosp]ity--71 we "k1 cr[d$ ) portrait commissions2 & l&scape "w w\ld only h be5 a relaxation4 ,x 0 h>dly m ?an ?is at any "t1 b = "s reason x int]e/$ him m dur+ ! t5 or twelve ye>s aft] #afdj ?an 9 8 y\? or old age4 ,! e>lie/ date on a l&scape et*+ is #afda2 ! late/1 #afeb4 ,! undat$ plates c be plac$ ) tol]able c]ta9ty )9 a ye> or s4 ,9 #afcd ,rembr&t _h et*$ ! l>ge ,annunciation to ! ,%eph]ds1 9 :i* ! l&scape is ( ! same vision>y k9d z appe>s 9 ! pa9t+s4 ,! g5]al effect is ( :ite on black1 ! sup]natural effulg5ce 9 ! sky1 :i* s />tles ! %eph]ds & _! flocks1 call+ out ( ! gloom my/]i\s wav+ heights ( foliage & obscure gleams ( di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,! ,,w9dmill 8,9 ! ,w9dmill ,rembr&t f\nd a p]fect subject4 ,!re is no adv5titi\s impressiv5ess l5t by /rong effect ( light & %ad[ 9 ?is beautiful plate3 all is pla9 & simply r5d]$4444 ,we feel ! /a9s ( wea!r1 ! t\* ( "t1 on ! /ructure2 we feel ! air ab\t x & ! quiet light t re/s on ! f> horizon z ! eye travels ov] dike & mead[44440 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,view ,,( ,,am/]dam 8,9 ! little ,am/]dam1 z 9 ne>ly all ^! et*+s1 ! sky is left absolutely cle> & empty4 ,& h[ f> m truly x sugge/s to u ! brightness ( a cl\dless day ?an ! mo/ successful ( ple9-air pa9t+ 9 vivid color1 :i* /ops ! imag9ation in/ead ( leav+ x free & active6 ,?is little plate is fill$ ) air & sun40 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #f in*es ,9 none ( ! et*+s ( pure l&scape does ,rembr&t adopt ?is me?od & conception4 ,none ( !m has t effect ( illum9at$ gloom :i* is s peculi>ly associat$ ) ! ma/]'s "n4 ,_! effect is ( black on :ite1 & ! l9e is giv5 its full value4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/1 probably1 is a small plate 7,b4 #bjg71 sometimes call$ ,a ,l>ge ,tree & a ,h\se4 ,i believe "s critics h ca/ a d\bt on x1 b x is unmi/akably ,rembr&t's 9 conception & 8h&writ+40 ,! little piece might well be call$ ,twilight4 ,we seem to be ne> ! %ores ( a lake2 light is fad+ out ( ! sky & sc>cely p]mits u to disc]n any details2 ! pres5ce ( a few figures & a human dwell+ is felt r ?an se54 ,all is gray & quiet2 no?+ /&s out sali5tly4 ,x is ! silv]y ev5ness ( tone :i* is ! *>m ( ?is t9y plate1 9 no way /rik+1 yet indef9ably reveal+ a ma/]'s h&4 ,usually ,rembr&t w\ld make su* quiet et*$ "w1 all ( "o bit+1 ! basis ( a ri* effect produc$ by dry-po9t4 ,he may h int5d$ to h us$ ! dry-po9t "h1 b p]haps ?\ght ! scale 0 too small4 ,) ! ,w9dmill & ! ,cottage & ,hay-b>n1 bo? dat$ #afda1 we come to a gr\p ( plates :i* are typical ( ,rembr&t's l&scape mann] 9 et*+4 ,close to ^! 9 date1 presumably1 are ! little ,am/]dam & ! ,cottage & ,l>ge ,tree4 ,mr4 ,h9d1 9 ! late/ catalogue ( ! et*+s1 foll[s von ,seidlitz 9 assign+ ! ,am/]dam to #afdj1 ?\gh ,dr4 ,six ma9ta9s t ! abs5ce ( a t[] n f9i%$ till #afch proves x to be e>li] ?an t ye>4 ,rembr&t1 h[ev]1 0 q capable ( aboli%+ t[]s to suit 8 composition4 ,! simple/ mat]ials pres5t$ by ! c\ntry-side are us$ 9 ^! et*+s4 ,?\gh ,rembr&t nev] seems to h c>$ to make pictures ( su* subjects1 he made a great numb] ( draw+s ( !m4 ,a wond]ful s]ies ( ^! sket*es1 once 9 ! possession ( 8 pupil1 ,gov]t ,fl9ck1 is at ,*atswor?2 & numb]s ( c\rse 9 ! great public collections4 ,^! summ>y small draw+s1 made ) a re$-p5 & sepia1 & sometimes ) a wa% ( sepia add$1 d n appeal to e "o1 c]ta9ly n to ^? ^: pleasure is 9 ! ext]nal aspect ( ?+s1 ! s(tness ( v]dure1 ! glitt] ( trees2 to say no?+ ( ! want ( gr&eur & impressiv5ess 9 ! sc5es !mselves1 ! abs5ce ( any?+ sc5ic1 su* z makes ! mo/ obvi\s appeal1 :e!r 9 nature or art4 ,b ! m "o /udies draw+s1 & ! m "o becomes famili> ) ! qualities :i* diff]5tiate ! fir/-rate f ! second1 ! high] "o incl9es to rank ^! sket*es4 ,= "o ?+1 !y are almo/ miracul\s 9 ! c]ta9ty ) :i* ! reality ( ?+s is evok$1 & ! planes ( recession indicat$4 ,slight z is ! means employ$1 r\gh & summ>y z is ! /roke ( ! blunt p51 sometimes ev5 ) :at seems a sup]ficial clums9ess or c>elessness1 ! ?+s se5 are !re1--trees1 build+s1 bridges & canals1 m5 & wom51--& n only visible b1 z x 71 tangible4 ,we c walk 9 imag9ation into ^! little l&scapes1 & n only d we brea! an inf9ite air b we are sure ( e /ep4 ,& ?is is ! great te/ ( ma/]y 9 su* draw+s4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! l&scape draw+s ( ,dom5ico ,campagnola1 :i* are also 9 re$-p5 & sepia4 ,^!1 ) _! brok5 =egr\nds1 upl& f>ms among trees ( delicate foliage1 & di/ant m\nta9-ranges1 are mu* m attractive to ! eye at fir/ sight ?an ! great ,dut*man's sket*es4 ,b :5 9 imag9ation we move into ^! pleasant l&scapes1 we are disconc]t$ by unrealities2 our /eps are unc]ta91 = !y are n on solid gr\nd4 ,& 9 fact a pleasant patt]n ( p5-/rokes rema9s a patt]n & no?+ else4 ,b ,rembr&t's r\gh /rokes h someh[ mold$ all ! gr\nd ) its sali5ces & depressions & fill$ ! :ole ) light & air4 ,x is ! same ) ! et*+s4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce3 ! diff]5ce ( ! m$ium4 ,true arti/ z he is1 ,rembr&t conceives all he does 9 ! t]ms ( ! mat]ial us$4 ,8 et*+s are born z et*+s & no?+ else2 !y are n draw+s transf]r$ to copp]4 ,!re is a specific beauty ( ! et*$ l9e :i* is q diff]5t f ! beauty ( a l9e made by ! p5 or *alk1 or ! l9e pl\gh$ by a bur9 on copp]4 ,if x is unsuit$ to ! sweep+ rhy?ms ( l>ge movem5t 9 design1 su* z we associate ) ,rub5s1 = in/ance1 its want ( modulation & ev5 "* help a quiet dignity ( draughtsman%ip2 & ! et*] has means ( enhanc+ homel9ess ( detail unrival$ 9 any o!r m$ium4 ,old build+s1 :>ves1 boats & %ipp+ at a riv]-side or quay1--su* ?+s z ^! naturally attract ! et*]1 = !y are cong5ial to 8 m$ium4 ,& 9 ! ,w9dmill 7,b4 #bcc1 dat$ #afda71 ,rembr&t f\nd a p]fect subject4 ,!re is no adv5titi\s impressiv5ess l5t by /rong effect ( light & %ad[ 9 ?is beautiful plate3 all is pla9 & simply r5d]$4 ,b we h only to comp>e ?is et*+ ) ! et*+s ( "s ( ,rembr&t's imm$iate pr$ecessors1 l ,jan & ,esaias ,van de ,velde1 to see ! diff]5ce n only betwe5 a great & an av]age arti/1 b betwe5 a great & a commonplace et*]4 ,! picturesque trac]y ( a w9dmill's sails & timb]-"w are se5 & enjoy$ 9 ! ,van de ,veldes' plates1 b h[ mu* m ?an ?is is 9 ,rembr&t's ,mill6 ,we feel ! /a9s ( wea!r1 ! t\* ( "t1 on ! /ructure2 we feel ! air ab\t x & ! quiet light t re/s on ! f> horizon z ! eye travels ov] dike & mead[2 we are admitt$ to ! subtlety & s5sitiv5ess ( a sight transc5d+ our own2 & ev5 by "s intangible means beyond analysis we p>take ( some?+ ( ,rembr&t's actual m9d & feel+1 8 s5se ( :at ! old mill meant1 n m]ely z a picturesque object to be drawn1 b z a human elem5t 9 ! l&scape1 imply+ ! daily "w ( human h&s & ! association ( man & e>?4 ,"h is a classic 9 its k9d :i* _m g5]ations ( et*]s h f\nd an inspir+ model4 ,an accid5t 9 ! bit+ app>5tly is ! cause ( an aquat9t-l brok5 tone ( gray 9 ! sky above ! mill2 b x comes ) congru\s effect1 & is r a beauty ?an a blemi%4 ,9 ! little ,am/]dam1 z 9 ne>ly all ^! et*+s1 ! sky is left absolutely cle> & empty4 ,& h[ f> m truly x sugge/s to u ! brightness ( a cl\dless day ?an ! mo/ successful ( ple9-air pa9t+ 9 vivid color1 :i* /ops ! imag9ation in/ead ( leav+ x free & active6 ,?is little plate is fill$ ) air & sun4 ,a fir/ /ate ( ?is et*+ belongs to my fri5d ,mr4 ,gu/av ,may] 9 ,london1 b is absolutely unkn[n to all catalogues previ\s to t ( ,mr4 ,h9d4 ,9 x !re is a h>e runn+ ov] ! fields1 b x is a ?\ght too big 9 scale1 & ,rembr&t d\btless suppress$ x z a di/ract+ incid5t4 ,! ,cottage & ,hay-b>n 7,b4 #bbe7 & ! ,cottage & ,l>ge ,tree 7,b4 #bbf7 seem companion plates2 & ?\gh ! latt] is n dat$1 x is natural to assume = x ! same date z t inscrib$ on ! =m]--#afda4 ,if ! ,cottage & ,l>ge ,tree is ! f9] ( ^! two oblong plates 9 design1 ! ,cottage & ,hay-b>n is ! m brilliant z an et*+4 ,! cottage & %$ :i* give ! plate its "n are 9 ! c5t] ( ! design1 & ! d>k mass1 full ( t5d] %ad[s & reflections1 emphasizes by contra/ ! play ( op5 light on ! fields /ret*+ on ei!r side1 ! riv]1 ! h\se ne/l+ 9 a wood1 beyond1 & ! di/ant t[]s ( ,am/]dam4 ,?\gh all is treat$ 9 ,rembr&t's broad way1 x is surpris+ h[ full1 h[ sugge/ive ( intimate detail ! l&scape is4 ,z we look at x !re comes ov] u ! s5se ( sleepy1 bright air & sun%9e1 ! quiet ( ! fields1 9 :i*1 ?\gh no?+ outw>dly is happ5+1 we are consci\s ( ! /ir ( natural life1 ( gr[+ ?+s1 ( fl[]s & grass & insects1 & peaceful human occupations go+ on unobtrusively2 ( 8all ! live murmur ( a summ]'s day40 ,x is int]e/+1 9 view ( ,rembr&t's treatm5t ( topography1 to note t ,dr4 ,jan ,six has %[n t ! ma/] has "h comb9$ two diff]5t views 9 a s+le composition4 ,9 ! ,cottage ) ,:ite ,pal+s 7,b4 #bcb1 dat$ #afdb71 effective use is made ( ! broad :ite planks ( ! f5ce to en=ce ! patt]n ( black & :ite 9 ! design4 ,"h aga9 ! subject is plac$ 9 ! c5t] ) views on ei!r side1 ?\gh ! horizon is high] ?an usual4 ,) ! ,?ree ,trees 7,b4 #bab7 ( #afdc1 we come to ! mo/ fam\s ( ,rembr&t's et*$ l&scapes4 ,?is plate /&s 9 ! same sort ( relation to ! re/ z ! ,mill to ! re/ ( 8 l&scape pa9t+s4 ,x is ! gr&e/ & mo/ typical1 mo/ expressive ( ! ma/]'s temp]am5t4 ,"h ! composition is less accid5tal1 & m 7s to speak7 ar*itectural4 ,! gr\p ( ?ree trees /&s up d>kly on a bank ( high gr\nd at ! "r4 ,at ! left "o looks ov] ! level fields to ! horizon & a glimm] ( di/ant sea4 ,a ?und]/orm is pass+ away1 ) contort$ cl\ds pil$ 9 ! upp] sky & trail+ ov] ! pla91 & rods ( viol5t ra9 slant across ! corn] ( ! sc5e4 ,= once ,rembr&t builds up a l&scape design out ( sky & e>?2 & ! some?+ elem5tal :i* inspires x gives ! et*+ a pregnancy & significance :i* are abs5t f ! o!r l&scapes1 9 !mselves1 at _! be/1 m intimately *>m+4 ,!re are ^? :o object to ! /raight1 h>d l9es ( ! ra92 b ,i d n f9d !m untrue1 & !y are ( great value 9 ! design4 ,!n1 :at beauties lurk 9 ?is et*+1 :]ev] "o looks into x6 ,! return ( ! light aft] ra91 ?an :i* !re is no?+ m beautiful 9 nature1 gives a wet sp>kle to ! fields2 & aga9 we notice h[ ! trees 9 _! d>k relief give glory to ! space ( lum9\s cle>ness beyond4 ,! wagon on ! top ( ! high bank is mov+ t[>d ! light1 & a pa9t] sits by ! roadside1 sket*+ ! pass+ ( ! /orm4 ,an angl] fi%es 9 a pool2 lov]s1 h>dly disc]n$1 sit toge!r1 away f ! _w 9 a ?icket's obscurity4 ,all ! pla91 s solit>y at fir/ sight1 is fill$ ) mov+ life4 ,( :at p>ticul> species ! ?ree trees are1 x might be difficult1 z (t5 ) ,rembr&t1 to say ) confid5ce2 f _! %ape & ! /urdy gr[? ( _! b\ghs1 ,i suppose !m to be oaks4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 ab\t ! will[ 9 ! ,omval 7,b4 #bji74 ,! gn>l$1 seam$ trunk ( an old tree1 ) its rugg$ wr9kles & smoo? bosses1 irresi/ibly invites ! et*]'s ne$le2 & ,rembr&t1 l o!r et*]s s9ce1 has evid5tly f\nd a great enjoym5t 9 ?is will[-/em1 z 9 t o!r old will[ to :i* he add$1 n v felicit\sly1 a ,/4 ,j]ome read+1 spectacles on nose1 & a p]functory lion 7,b4 #bcb1 dat$ #afdh74 ,! ,omval %[s a diff]5t k9d ( composition2 ! will[ at ! edge ( a ?icket1 9 ^: %ad[ two lov]s are emb[]$1 divides ! plate2 ! "r & l>g] "p is all light & op5--a riv]-bank on :i* a man moves d[n to ! f]ry1 & ! broad sunny /ream1 & h\ses1 ma/s1 & w9dmills across ! wat]--a picturesque riv]-side su* z ,:i/l] & ,had5 lov$ to et*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,trees 8,) ! ,?ree ,trees ( #afdc1 we come to ! mo/ fam\s ( ,rembr&t's et*$ l&scapes4 ,?is plate /&s 9 ! same sort ( relation to ! re/ z ! ,mill to ! re/ ( 8 l&scape pa9t+s4 ,x is ! gr&e/ & mo/ typical1 mo/ expressive ( ! ma/]'s temp]am5t40 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,six',s ,,bridge 8,to ! same ye>--#afde--;belongs ! well-kn[n ,six's ,bridge1 a plate 9 :i* ! pure bitt5 l9e1 ) no close hat*+ or %ad[-effect1 is giv5 full play4 ,( its k9d1 ?is is a p]fect et*+40 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,to ! same ye>--#afde--;belongs ! well-kn[n ,six's ,bridge 7,b4 #bjh71 a plate 9 :i* ! pure bitt5 l9e1 ) no close hat*+ or %ad[-effect1 is giv5 full play4 ,( its k9d1 ?is is a p]fect et*+4 ,e "o kn[s ! /ory ( its be+ done :ile ,six's s]vant w5t to fet* ! mu/>d4 ,b !re is no?+ ha/y or incomplete ab\t x3 ! ma/]ly economy ( l9es is p]fectly satisfy+ 9 its absolute directness & simplicity4 ,!re is great pleasure 9 contemplat+ a "w l ?is1 s clean1 s free f any sup]flu\s elem5t4 ,b f ?is "t onw>d ,rembr&t seems to gr[ dissatisfi$ ) pure et*+4 ,he gr[s m & m fond ( dry-po9t1 us+ x v frequ5tly to enri* an et*$ plate1 & 9 8 lat] ye>s pref]r+ (t5 to disp5se ) ! acid altoge!r4 ,dry-po9t is employ$ 9 ! delightful little plate1 ! ,boat-h\se 7,b4 #bca71 to deep5 ! %ad[s ( ! ar* ov] ! wat]2 b 9 ord9>y impressions ?is has worn (f & only ! gr\ndwork ( bitt5 l9es rema9s4 ,?is is ! k9d ( subject :i* mo/ arti/s w\ld h drawn 9 delicate detail2 b ,rembr&t is always r rem>kably indiff]5t to ! p>ticul> beauty & "* ( vegetation 7probably ?is 0 "o ( ! reasons :y he made s little appeal to ,rusk972 & x is surpris+ t ) all ! indiff]5ce & r\ghness 9 ! draw+ ( ! plant-=ms on ! riv]-bank1 ! little plate %\ld /ill h s intimate a "* & sugge/ s mu* ( ! beauty ( d>k1 quiet wat] 9 :i* reflections ( fl[] & h]bage are asleep4 ,9 "o or two ( ! plates ( #afej & !reab\ts1 z if tir$ ( level horizons1 ,rembr&t closes ! view ) a m\nta9 or range ( hills4 ,su* are ! ,canal & ,angl] & ! ,boat 9 ! ,canal 7,b4 #bce & #bcf71 :i*1 jo9$ toge!r1 =m "o composition2 & "o might add ! ,sportsman ) ,dogs 7,b4 #baa71 ?\gh ,mr4 ,h9d assigns ! completion1 at any rate1 ( ?is et*+ to a date ( a few ye>s lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,l&scape ,,) ,a ,,boat ,,9 ,,! ,,canal 8,9 "o or two ( ! plates ( #afej & !reab\ts1 z if tir$ ( level horizons1 ,rembr&t closes ! view ) a m\nta9 or range ( hills4 ,su* are ! ,canal & ,angl] & ! ,boat 9 ! ,canal40 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #c #d in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,f>m ,,) ,,trees ,,& ,a ,,t[] ,,l&scape ,,) ,a ,,ru9$ ,,t[] ,,& ,,cle> ,,=egr\nd 8444 a long1 oblong plate1 ( great beauty = its patt]n ( light & %ade4 ,"p ( ! sky is %ad[$1 & ! la/ light1 be=e a %[] p\rs ov] ! trees1 illum9ates ! foliage on "o side40 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #ab in*es ,! ,hay-b>n ) ,flock ( ,%eep 7,b4 #bbd7 is an in/ance ( a favorite feature 9 ,rembr&t's l&scape--a road se5 9 p]spective at "o side ( ! design4 ,! ,l&scape ) a ,c[ ,dr9k+ 7,b4 #bcg7 is a beautiful et*+ 9 a r slight mann]1 ) a sugge/ion ( w9d 9 ! bran*es ( trees1 & light com+ ) ! w9d4 ,ev5 9 ! ,?ree ,trees1 ?\gh !re is /orm1 !re is little impression ( movem5t 9 ! air2 & x is *>act]i/ic ( ! l&scape et*+s z a :ole t !y are s]5e & /ill1 & m (t5 sugge/ a sunny day ?an gray skies4 ,dry-po9t becomes m emphatic 9 ! ,obelisk 7,b4 #bbg72 inde$1 9 ! e>lie/ impressions ( ?is plate ! black ( ! bur is too pron\nc$1 & only aft] x _h be5 pr9t$ f till ?is effect _h m]g$ & bl5d$ ) ! et*$ l9es 0 ! "r effect atta9$4 ,"h ! obelisk gives "* to ! design2 & 9 ! ,l&scape ) a ,squ>e ,t[] 7,b4 #bah7 a build+ dom9ates1--an old t[] ( r blunt$ outl9es1 su* z ,rembr&t lov$ to cr[n d>k hills ) 9 ! vision>y l&scapes ( 8 pa9t+4 ,ano!r old t[] occurs1 less prom95tly1 9 ! ,f>m ) ,trees & a ,t[] 7,b4 #bbc71 a long1 oblong plate1 ( great beauty = its patt]n ( light & %ade4 ,"p ( ! sky is %ad[$1 & ! la/ light1 be=e a %[] p\rs ov] ! trees1 illum9ates ! foliage on "o side4 ,9 ! fir/ two /ates !re is a small cupola on ! t[]2 b ,rembr&t1 no d\bt rightly1 judg$ t ! design w\ld be improv$ by lopp+ x (f4 ,! *ange c]ta9ly subdues ! local "* ( ! sc5e4 ,ano!r long oblong ( p]haps great] beauty is ! ,gold-weigh]'s ,field ( #afea 7,b4 #bcd74 ,?is is all air & sun & space1 ! et*$ l9es light & op51 ) dry-po9t add+ a k9d ( gleam & vibration to ! f]tile fields4 ,x is a revelation ( :at a great arti/ c d1 unaid$ by tone or color1 ) a sc5e t to ! av]age eye w\ld be tame en\gh4 ,!re is a s5se1 too1 ( ! ri*es ( ! e>?1 ! f>m]'s pride 9 broad acres & gr[+ crops1 :i* gives a human t\*1 nev] abs5t f ,rembr&t's "w4 ,9 contra/ ) ?is is ano!r plate ( ! previ\s ye>--! ,?ree ,gabl$ ,cottages 7,b4 #bag7--:]e ! dry-po9t is freely us$ to give color & s(tness to ! ?at*$ ro(s1 *eck]$ ) ! %ad[ ( an old tree4 ,b x is ! gratefulness ( %ad[ 9 ! noonday1 n its gloom1 :i* is ! motive ( ! et*+4 ,! la/ gr\p ( l&scapes are 9 pure dry-po9t4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e "o ( ! e>li] bitt5 plates ) ! ,road by ! ,canal 7,b4 #bba71 delici\s 9 its fre%ness & spontane\s effect1 or ! ,clump ( ,trees ) a ,vi/a 7,b4 #bbb74 ,( ?is la/ !re is a fir/ /ate ) a m]e indication ( "p ( ! design2 ! trees1 ) ! peep ?r\gh ! ?icket1 seem to h be5 an aft]?\ght4 ,! ,wood ov] ,pal+s 7,b4 #cfd71 ! pr9cipal "o ( sev]al unf9i%$ /udies on "o plate1 has velvety dry-po9t 9 ! foliage4 ,x is a plate t seems to h s]v$ = inspiration to ,&rew ,g$des1 ! ,scot* arti/ :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ to inaugurate ! revival ( et*+ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury & to realize once aga9--:at _h be5 s unacc\ntably =gott5 s9ce ,rembr&t's "t--! possibilities & beauty ( ! dry-po9t me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,! ,,gold-,,weigh]',s ,,field 8,?is is all air & sun & space1 ! et*$ l9es light & op51 ) dry-po9t add+ a k9d ( gleam & vibration to ! f]tile fields4 ,x is a revelation ( :at a great arti/ c d1 unaid$ by tone or color1 ) a sc5e t to ! av]age eye w\ld be tame en\gh4 ,!re is a s5se1 too1 ( ! ri*es ( ! e>?1 ! f>m]'s pride 9 broad acres & gr[+ crops1 :i* gives a human t\*1 nev] abs5t f ,rembr&t's "w40 ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #ab in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,l&scape ,,) ,a ,,milkman ,?is et*+1 l ,! ,wood ov] ,pal+s1 has velvety dry-po9t 9 ! foliage1 & may h sugge/$ to ,&rew ,g$des1 ! ,scot* arti/ :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ to inaugurate ! revival ( et*+ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury & to realize once aga9--:at _h be5 s unacc\ntably =gott5 s9ce ,rembr&t's "t--! possibilities & beauty ( ! dry-po9t me?od4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #b #f in*es ,& s ! s]ies comes to an end1 & l&scape disappe>s f ! ma/]'s "w1 save z a backgr\nd to figure-compositions4 ,"o ( ^! backgr\nds may be notic$ = its special int]e/4 ,ab\t #afec ,rembr&t took up a copp]plate already et*$ by ,h]cules ,segh]s--a ,tobias & ! ,angel 7aft] a composition ( ,el%eim]'s7--& trans=m$ x into a ,flight into ,egypt4 ,suppress+ ! two figures1 :i* 7 ( v l>ge size 9 proportion to ! design1 he mask$ ! traces ( !m by a mass ( trees1 put 9 8 own figures on a mu* small] scale1 & by ! mo/ vigor\s use ( ! dry-po9t wr\ght ! :ole into h>mony4 ,! treatm5t ( %ad[y masses ( foliage rem9ds u h[ little !re is ( ?is elem5t ( l&scape 9 ! et*+s we h be5 consid]+4 ,!re is no?+ ( t feel+ = ! maje/y & my/]y ( leafy =e/-trees :i* ,claude express$ s beautifully 9 ! ,b\vi] et*+1 & /ill m 9 8 sepia draw+s4 ,critics h also rem>k$ on o!r limitations ( l&scape int]e/ 9 ,rembr&t--! abs5ce ( seas & wat] 9 movem5t1 ! comp>ative abs5ce ( w9d & wea!r1 9 8 et*+s4 ,= all t1 :5 we ?9k ( ! o!r ,dut* et*]s ( l&scape1 we realize h[ f> he t[]s ov] ^? :o pr(ess$ no o!r subject1--ov] ,molyn4 ,ruysdael1 ,ev]d+51 ,wat]loo1 & ,italianiz]s l ,bo?4 ,h]cules ,segh]s is ! "o :o %[$ mo/ v>iety & temp]am5t2 & 8 "w evid5tly _h a great int]e/ = ,rembr&t4 ,he 0 a curi\s exp]im5t]1 & ?\gh he r>ely seems q ma/] ( 8 int5tions1 he 0 ! anti!sis ( ^? l&scape arti/s1 s frequ5t1 :o 8take out a pat5t10 z has be5 said1 = "s p>ticul> corn] or aspect ( nature1 & nev] d any?+ else b repeat _! favorite !me ) v>iations4 ,) ,rembr&t l&scape 0 a k9d ( int]lude & holiday f m s]i\s design4 ,we feel x 9 ! sunny temp] :i* p]vades ! majority ( ! et*+s4 ,b h[ f> sup]ior he is to all ! re/ 9 8 s5sitiv5ess to beauty6 ,z we h se51 he is n greatly int]e/$ 9 ! details ( l&scape =m4 ,we f9d scribbles & %apelessness 9 8 foliage & plants2 b 8 grasp ( ess5tial tru?s ov]rides all criticism ( ?is k9d1 & always & ev]y:]e we feel 8 int5se joy 9 express+ light4 ,! et*+s ( 8 contempor>ies seem cold & hueless1 )\t air or sun1 beside 84 ,i f9d x h>d to express a pref]5ce among ! s]ies4 ,! ,?ree ,trees /&s by itself1 b !re are o!rs :i* t\* "o ) a m vivid *>m4 ,turn+ f "o to ano!r1 ,i f9d ea* arre/+ ! eye ) "s p>ticul> beauty1 ?\gh ! set ( oblong plates1 f ! ,cottage & ,hay-b>n to ! ,gold-weigh]'s ,field1 conta91 ,i ?9k1 ! mo/ delight2 !y are ^? 9 :i* all ,holl& seems to lie be=e u1 ) its pa/ures & its _m peaceful wat]s4 ,! l&scape ( ,holl&1 ) its level di/ances & l[ horizon1 has inexhau/ible attractions = ! pa9t] ( skies & atmosph]e4 ,to ! born design] x is less /imulat+4 ,"o ( ! ?+s t mo/ impress 9 any repres5tative exhibition ( ,rembr&t's et*+s is ! extraord9>y v>iety & fre%ness ( 8 design+4 ,! proportions ( ! plate1 upright1 squ>e1 or oblong2 ! relation ( ! figures to ! frame2 ! proportion ( light to d>k2 ! use ( tone & l9e2--all ^! %[ a con/ant v>iety4 ,^? :o1 :5 !y ?9k ( ,rembr&t1 call up ! image ( a d>k panel ) light conc5trat$ on a head or gr\p 9 ! middle ( x1 f9d a s]ies ( ! et*+s q subv]sive ( _! preconception4 ,n[ to an inv5tive design] l ,rembr&t ! res\rces ( ! ,dut* l&scape (f]$ b little4 ,:]e he bl5ds l&scape ) figure1 z 9 ! inf9itely pa!tic ,burial ( ,*ri/1 or ! ,woman ( ,sam>ia1 or ! ,*ri/ ,return+ ) ,8 ,p>5ts f ! ,temple1 ?\gh ! human types1 z always1 are tak5 f ! _w ar\nd ! arti/1 ! l&scape is drawn f 8 imag9ation1 or borr[$ f o!rs4 ,9 ! ,/4 ,j]ome 7,b4 #ajd7 ! backgr\nd is no d\bt tak5 f a ,v5etian draw+4 ,su* me?ods 71 inde$1 inevitable1 s9ce "o _c g on weav+ designs ( human =ms & l&scape mat]ial :]e ! typical =m ( ?is la/ is little m ?an a /raight l9e1 or a s]ies ( /raight l9es1 across ! field ( sight4 ,"o may wond]1 p]haps ) regret1 :y ,rembr&t did n = once et* a l&scape ( 8 inn] vision1 l ^? pa9t+s at ,cassel & at ,brunswick4 ,x may be t he felt t = su* tone-effects et*+ 0 n ! appropriate m$ium4 ,_h he liv$ 9 a lat] day1 he might h us$ mezzot9t1 z ,turn] did 9 8 ,lib] ,/udiorum2 & c]ta9ly t process %\ld 9 8 h&s h yield$ m>vel\s results4 ,b we may well be cont5t ) ^! l&scape et*+s :i* he has left u4 ,!y express ! g5ius ( ! ,dut* c\ntry1 ! 8virtue0 ( x1 z ,pat] w\ld h said1 z no o!r ( 8 c\ntrym5 has express$ x4 ,! s]ies ( plates 9 :i* ,legros has express$ ! g5ius ( ! c\ntry ( ,nor!rn ,france1 ) its popl>-bord]$ /reams & sunny pa/ures1 has some?+ ( ! same native quality4 ,ea* ( ^! ma/]s seems to h seiz$ an ess5ce :i* no "o n born ( ! soil1 h[ev] enam\r$ ( a l&'s beauty1 c q possess & make 8 own4 ,:at is x t gives ^! l&scapes _! endur+ *>m1 & :y d we rank !m s high8 ,_m a lat] et*] has _h equal skill ) ne$le & acid2 "s h _h ev5 great]4 ,:i/l] is m delicate1 p]haps1 m exquisite1 m unexpect$ 9 8 gift ( spac+4 ,yet nei!r ,:i/l] nor any o!r ma/] ( et*+ has ! secret p[] ( ,rembr&t4 ,i say 8secret10 because we _c argue ab\t x or expla9 x4 ,x lay 9 :at ,rembr&t 03 9 ! dep? & greatness ( 8 humanity4 ,:5 we h wond]$ at ! s5sitive in/rum5t ( 8 eyesight1 :5 we h exalt$ 8 magical draughtsman%ip1 :5 we h admir$ 8 in/9ctive fidelity to ! capacity & limitations ( ! m$ium us$1 :5 we h recogniz$ ! pr(\nd integrity ( 8 art1 !re is /ill some?+ left ov]1 beyond analysis1 & t ! r>e/ ?+ ( all4 ,h[ x is we _c say1 b !re has pass$ into ^! little works an intangible pres5ce1 ( :i* we _c *oose b be consci\s1 ?\gh x 0 n consci\sly express$1--! _s ( "o ( ! fulle/1 deepe/ natures t ev] brea!d4 ,:atev] ,rembr&t does1 h[ev] slight1 some?+ ( t _s escapes him1 "s t+e ( 8 exp]i5ce1--( ^? ?\ghts1 8too deep = te>s10 :i* ?+s mean] ?an ! meane/ fl[]s c\ld /ir 9 him4 ,,giovanni ,,batti/a ,,piranesi 7#agbj-aggh7 ,,"p ,i ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,burges ,,moore ,! life ( ,piranesi 0 em95tly t ( a man ( g5ius1 *>act]iz$ by all ! peculi>ities ascribable to g5ius1 p]haps z failures ( human nature1 b also di/+ui%$ by t :i* imp>ts to its possessor an imp]i%able r5[n4 ,^? peculi>ities are wor?y ( notice1 z !y be> s mu* on ! "* ( 8 "w2 b 8 works1 wond]ful z !y are 9 po9t ( execution1 are less to be admir$ = ?is ?an = ! int]e/ ( ! subjects he *ose1 & t :i* he imp>t$ to !m4 ,9 an age ( frivolities1 he boldly & s+le-h&$ d>$ to /rike out = himself a new road to fame2 & 9 d$icat+ 8 tal5ts to ! record+ & illu/rat+ f anci5t writ]s ! m\ld]+ records ( =m] times1 he met ) a success z great z x 0 des]v$1 comb9+1 z he did1 all t 0 beautiful 9 art ) all t 0 int]e/+ 9 ! rema9s ( antiquity40 ,^! words 7 prefix$ to an acc\nt ( ,piranesi's c>e] publi%$ 9 ,london dur+ ! ye> #ahca 9 8,! ,libr>y ( ! ,f9e ,arts10 & bas$ ^u a sket* ( 8 life writt5 by 8 son1 ,francesco1 b nev] publi%$1 al?\gh ! manuscript at t p]iod _h pass$ into ! h&s ( ! publi%]s1 ,prie/ly & ,weale1 only to be subsequ5tly lo/ or de/roy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,giovanni ,,batti/a ,,piranesi ,f ! engrav+ by ,f4 ,polanzani1 dat$ #agej ,x is impossible to /udy ?is little kn[n portrait )\t be+ conv9c$ ( its accurate lik5ess4 ,x c]ta9ly conveys an impression ( ! man's dmonic =ce1 :i* is n giv5 by ! m frequ5tly reproduc$ /atue execut$ by ,angel9i4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ae #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,ar* ,,( ,,septimius ,,sev]us ,a r5d]+ almo/ z fai?ful z an ar*itect's draw+1 :i* ,piranesi's unfail+ g5ius has trans=m$ into an en*ant+ "w ( art4 ,?is ar* /&s 9 ! ,roman ,=um4 ,x 0 d$icat$ #bjc ,a4,d4 9 commemoration ( victories ov] ! ,p>?ians4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,eighty ye>s1 !re=e1 h pass$ s9ce ?is evaluation ( ! great ,italian et*] 0 writt51 yet to-day he is no m appreciat$ at 8 full wor? ?an he 0 !n4 ,at all times x has be5 n uncommon = an arti/ to atta9 a k9d ( wide & endur+ r5[n1 al?\gh e/imat$ at 8 true value & = 8 real excell5ces by only a few2 b ( su* a fate x w\ld be difficult to select a m /rik+ or illu/ri\s example ?an ,giovanni ,batti/a ,piranesi4 ,liv+ & dy+ 9 ! ,et]nal ,city1 ,rome1 to ^: augu/ monum5ts 8 fame is insep>ably l9k$1 he 0 ! au?or ( ! prodigi\s numb] ( ov] ?irte5 hundr$ l>ge plates1 comb9+ ! arts ( et*+ & engrav+1 :i*1 aside f _! intr9sic m]it z works ( art1 are ( incalculable value on acc\nt ( ! inexhau/ible supply ( classic motives :i* !y (f] to all design]s1 & to :i* !y1 m ?an any o!r influ5ce1 h giv5 curr5cy4 ,^! pr9ts1 9 e>ly & beautiful pro(s1 are /ill to be b\ght at relatively l[ figures1 :ile ea* ye> sees ! sale1 by ?\s&s1 ( impressions f ! /eel$ plates /ill exi/+ at ,rome 9 ! ,royal ,calcography2--impressions :i*1 al?\gh 9 !mselves /ill suffici5tly rem>kable to be wor? possess+1 are yet s debas$ z to con/itute a libel ^u ! real p[]s ( ,piranesi4 ,! wide diffusion ( ^! ignoble pr9ts1 & ! fact t ,piranesi's output 0 s great z to place 8 "w )9 ! rea* ( ! sl5d]e/ purse1 are l>gely responsible = ! failure ( ! g5]al public to appreh5d 8 real greatness2 = r>ity calls att5tion to m]it1 to :i* 9 fact x (t5 gives a value entirely fictiti\s1 :ile !re is always difficulty 9 realiz+ t ?+s se5 frequ5tly & 9 quantities may h qualities f> outweigh+ ^? ( "w :i* has ar\s$ int]e/ by its sc>city4 ,?is is :y ! fame ( ,piranesi is widely spread1 al?\gh 8 be/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic "w is almo/ unkn[n1 & 8 real g5ius g5]ally unrecogniz$4 ,born 9 ,v5ice1 ,octob] #d?1 #agbj1 & nam$ aft] ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,piranesi 0 ! son ( a mason1 bl9d 9 "o eye1 & ( ,laura ,luc*esi4 ,8 mat]nal uncle 0 an ar*itect & eng9e]1--= 9 ^? days ! same p]son frequ5tly comb9$ ! two pr(essions1--:o _h execut$ v>i\s wat]-works & at lea/ "o *ur*4 ,f 8 uncle ! "y ,giovanni ,batti/a receiv$ 8 e>lie/ in/ruction 9 ?+s arti/ic1 = :i* he appe>s to h display$ a conspicu\sly precoci\s aptitude4 ,be=e he 0 sev5te5 he _h attract$ suffici5t att5tion to assure him success 9 8 fa!r's pr(ession1 b ,rome _h already fir$ 8 imag9ation1 & ar\s$ t impetu\s det]m9ation :i* m>k$ 8 entire c>e]4 ,8 ye>n+ aft] ,rome report says to h be5 fir/ ar\s$ by a "y ,roman girl :om he lov$1 b1 h[ev] t may be1 he ov]came ! det]m9$ opposition ( 8 p>5ts1 &1 9 #agch1 at ! age ( eighte51 set out = ! papal city to /udy ar*itecture1 engrav+1 & 9 g5]al ! f9e arts2 = ev5 9 ^? deg5]ate days !re 7 left "s traces ( t multi=m tal5t :i* di/+ui%$ ! arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,:5 he rea*$ ! goal ( 8 long+1 ! impression produc$ by ! immortal city on s f]vid an imag9ation mu/ h be5 s deep1 s ov]:elm+1 z to annihilate all mat]ial consid]ations1 al?\gh !y c\ld n h be5 o!r ?an h>ass+1 s9ce ! all[ance receiv$ f 8 fa!r 0 only six ,spani% pia/res a mon?1 or "s six or sev5 lire ( ! ,italian money ( to-day4 ,by :at exp$i5ts he manag$ to live we _c ev5 conjecture1 b x may be suppos$ t he 0 bo>d$1 appr5tice-wise1 by ! ma/]s "u :om he /udi$4 ,^! tea*]s 7 ,scalf>otto & ,val]iani1 a not$ ma/] ( p]spective & a pupil ( "o ,ricci ( ,belluno1 :o _h acquir$ f ! great ,fr5* pa9t] & lov] ( ,rome1 ,claude ,lorra91 ! habit ( pa9t+ highly imag9ative pictures compos$ ( elem5ts drawn f ! ru9s ( ! ,roman ,campagna4 ,?is /yle 0 transmitt$ to ,piranesi by ,val]iani1 )\t d\bt /imulat+ t passionate appreciation ( ! melan*oly gr&eur ( ru9$ ,rome already gr[+ 9 8 m9d1 & aft]w>d to fill 8 entire life & "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,ar* ,,( ,,vespasian ,9 ?is1 z 9 _m ( ,piranesi's compositions1 ! figures are frankly pos+1 b _! pres5ce adds su* *>m to ! sc5e t none c\ld wi% !m abs5t4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ai #bg in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,ar* ,,( ,,trajan ,,at ,,b5ev5to1 ,,9 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,naples ,a f9e r5d]+ ( t air ( glory :i* ! mo/ dilapidat$ fragm5ts ( a ,roman ,ar* ( ,triumph nev] lose4 ,! ,ar* ( ,trajan1 "o ( ! f9e/ ( anci5t ar*es1 0 d$icat$ ,a4,d4 #aad4 ,x is ( :ite m>ble1 #dh feet high & #cj wide1 ) a s+le ar* measur+ #bg by #af feet4 ,! ar* is pr(usely sculptur$ ) reliefs illu/rat+ ,trajan's life & 8 ,dacian triumphs4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,at ! same "t1 he acquir$ a ?or\gh k ( et*+ & engrav+ "u ! ,sicilian1 ,giuseppe ,vasi1 ^: et*+s fir/ ar\s$ ! great ,goe!'s long+ = ,italy4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty1 ?9k+1 probably n )\t f\ndation1 t ?is ma/] 0 conceal+ f him ! secret ( ! correct use ( acid 9 et*+1 ,piranesi is report$1 9 8 ang]1 to h made an attempt to murd] ,vasi4 ,su* an act w\ld n be out ( keep+ ) ! "* ( ! fi]y ,v5etian1 =1 be=e leav+ ,v5ice1 he _h already be5 describ$ by a fell[-pupil z 8/ravagante10 extravagant1 or fanta/ic1 a t]m n re/rict$ by ,italians to a man's h&l+ ( money1 b appli$ r to "* z a :ole1 9 :i* connection x usually d5otes ! less =tunate side ( t complete & magnific5t surr5d] to an ov]:elm+ passion :i* ar\s$ s lively an admiration ( ! ,italian nature 9 ! great ,fr5* writ]1 ,/5dhal4 ,:5 we1 tame mod]ns1 judge ! 8extravagance0 ( su* *>act]s1 x is only fair to recollect t1 ) all _! faults & crimes1 ^! same unbridl$ ,italians 7 capable ( h]oic virtues1 unkn[n to our pale & timid age4 ,m5 l ,cell9i & ,piranesi1 :o _h mu* 9 common1 are simply inc>nate emotional =ce1 a fact :i* is1 at ! same "t1 ! cause ( _! follies & ! indisp5sable condition ( _! g5ius4 ,aft] ?is qu>rel ,piranesi return$ to ,v5ice1 :]e he attempt$ to ga9 a livelihood by ! practice ( ar*itecture4 ,!re is reason to believe t at ?is p]iod he /udi$ "u ,tiepolo2 at any rate !re exi/ 9 8 publi%$ works a few curi\s1 r rococo plates entirely diff]5t f 8 usual mann]1 & v m>k$ly influ5c$ by ! /yle ( ,tiepolo's et*+4 ,he also /udi$ pa9t+ ) ! ,polanzani :o is responsible = t portrait ( him :i* =ms ! frontispiece to ! fir/ edition ( 8,le ,anti*it ,romane10 & gives s vivid an impression ( ! dmonic nature ( ! man4 ,meet+ ) little success 9 ,v5ice1 he w5t to ,naples1 aft] return+ to ,rome1 attract$ pr9cipally by ar*ological int]e/s4 ,he /ay$ at ,h]culaneum1 ,pompeii1 & ,p/um1 :]e at ?is "t1 und\bt$ly1 he made ! draw+s ( ! temples aft]w>d et*$ & publi%$ by 8 son4 ,! draw+s = ^! et*+s ( ,p/um1 among ! be/ kn[n ( ! ,piranesi plates1 are n[ 9 ! ,soane ,museum 9 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,basilica1 ,p,,/um ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ag #bf in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,neptune ,,at ,p,,/um ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ai #bf in*es ,hav+ decid$ t he _h no vocation = pa9t+1 :i* he def9itely ab&on$ at ?is "t1 ,piranesi return$ to ,rome1 & settl$ !re p]man5tly4 ,8 fa!r n[ wi%$ him to return to ,v5ice1 b he 0 altoge!r unwill+ to d s1 & repli$1 *>act]i/ically1 t ,rome be+ ! seat ( all 8 affections x w\ld be impossible = him to live sep>at$ f h] monum5ts4 ,he intimat$ t 9 pref]5ce to leav+1 he w\ld give up 8 all[ance1 a sugge/ion ^u :i* 8 fa!r act$ promptly by /opp+ all remittances1 s t1 e/rang$ f 8 relatives1 ,piranesi 0 n[ entirely dep5d5t ^u 8 own res\rces = a livelihood4 ,8 pov]ty & suff]+ at ?is p]iod 7 und\bt$ly great1 b 8 indomitable nature c\ld be crippl$ by no mat]ial h>d%ips4 ,he devot$ himself entirely to et*+ & engrav+1 &1 :5 tw5ty-"o1 publi%$ 8 fir/ composition4 ,at ?is "t he 0 liv+ 9 ! ,corso opposite ! ,doria-,pamphili ,palace1 b ev5 if ! neighborhood 0 illu/ri\s1 x is n pleasant to ?9k :at wret*$ g>ret mu/ h hidd5 ! mis]y ( 8 /ruggl+ g5ius4 ,8 fir/ important & dat$ "w1 ! 8,anti*it ,romane de' ,tempi della ,republica1 etc410 0 publi%$ 9 #agdh1 ) a d$ication to ! not$ antiqu>y1 ,monsignore ,bott>i1 *apla9 to ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 ,?is "w 0 receiv$ ) great favor1 z ! fir/ successful attempt to engrave ar*itecture ) ta/e1 & f ! day ( its appe>ance ,piranesi may be said to h be5 fam\s4 ,h[ev]1 he /ill exp]i5c$ ! utmo/ difficulty 9 f9d+ ! money necess>y to subsi/ & to procure ! mat]ials requisite to 8 "w4 ,yet1 despite 8 t]rible pov]ty1 8 labor 0 unceas+ & tireless to a degree t we c n[ sc>cely conceive4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t1 9 addition to et*+ & engrav+1 he 0 engag$ 9 ! ext5sive /udy ( ar*ology1 :i* l$ him to und]take _m rem>kable rese>*es4 ,he became a not$ ar*ologi/ ( great erudition1 z is %[n by num]\s controv]sies ) fam\s antiqu>ians ( ! day4 ,"s idea ( ! copi\sness ( 8 k c be ga9$ f ! fact t 8 argum5t cov]s a hundr$ folio pages 9 t controv]sy 9 :i* he upheld ! orig9ality ( ,roman art aga9/ ^? :o claim$ x to be a m]e (f%oot ( ,grecian g5ius4 ,9 ! preface to "o ( 8 books1 he ref]s to x z ! result ( 8:at ,i h be5 able to ga!r f ! c\rse ( _m ye>s ( indefatigable & mo/ exact obs]vations1 excavations1 & rese>*es1 ?+s :i* h nev] be5 und]tak5 9 ! pa/40 ,?is /atem5t is q true1 & :5 we realize t ! prep>ation ( a s+le plate1 su* z ! plan ( ! ,campus ,m>tius1 w\ld1 9 itself1 h tak5 mo/ m5 _m ye>s ( "w1 we c only feel uncompreh5d+ amazem5t at ! capacity = "w possess$ by ?is man ( g5ius4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,concord ,f ?is plate x is possible to ga9 an idea ( ! great] beauty possess$ by ru9$ ,rome :5 /ill %r\d$ 9 vegetation4 ,! ,ar* ( ,septimius ,sev]us is se5 9 ! middle di/ance ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,site ,,( ,,! ,,anci5t ,,roman ,,=um ,a v int]e/+ hi/orical docum5t :i* makes x possible to realize an aspect ( ! ,=um at pres5t difficult to conceive ,size ( ! orig9al1 #ad #bc in*es ,! v _s ( imp]ial ,rome w\ld seem to h fill$ ,piranesi1 mak+ him its own1 s t ! vani%$ spl5dor 0 to him ev] pres5t & add$ to ! /range melan*oly ( ! v9e-gr[n ru9s :i* alone rema9$ f ! 8gr&eur t 0 ,rome40 ,9 e age & 9 e prov9ce mo/ ,italians h be5 animat$ by a lively s5se ( _! direct desc5t f classic ,rome1--a feel+ t its fame 0 peculi>ly _! inh]itance 9 a way true ( no o!r p1 s t ?is glori\s desc5t 0 _! greate/ pride & claim to lead]%ip4 ,9 ! d>ke/ days ( oppression & s]vitude1 :5 ,italy sat neglect$ & disconsolate among h] *a9s1 !re 7 nev] lack+ nobl] s\ls :o kept alive a s5se ( :at 0 fitt+ 9 ! desc5dants ( classic ,rome1 & took !re9 a melan*oly pride4 ,b no ,italian 0 ev] m completely an anci5t ,roman ?an ,piranesi1 :o c]ta9ly1 9 despite ( 8 ,v5etian bir?1 consid]$ himself a 8,roman citiz540 ,?is s5tim5t play$ an important "p 91 p]haps1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic act ( 8 :ole life1 namely1 8 fanta/ic m>riage1 ( :i* he himself left an acc\nt n unwor?y ( ,cell9i4 ,he 0 draw+ 9 ! ,=um "o ,sunday1 :5 8 att5tion 0 attract$ by a boy & girl1 :o prov$ to be ! *ildr5 ( ! g>d5] to ,pr9ce ,cors9i4 ,! girl's type ( features in/antly conv9c$ ,piranesi t %e 0 a direct desc5dant ( ! anci5t ,romans1 & s ar\s$ 8 emotions t on ! spot he ask$ if x 7 possible = h] to m>ry him4 ,h] exact reply is n record$1 al?\gh x mu/ h convey$ ! fact t %e 0 free1 b x c surprise no "o to he> t ! girl 0 ?or\ghly fright5$ by su* sudd5 & ov]p[]+ det]m9ation4 ,8 ha/y resolution 0 confirm$ :5 ,piranesi aft]w>d le>n$ t %e _h a d[] ( "o hundr$ & fifty pia/res1 or "s ?ree hundr$ lire ( to-day1 a fact c]ta9 to ar\se a ke5 realization bo? ( 8 pov]ty & ( ! value ( money 9 ^? days4 ,)\t any delay1 he proce$$ to ask ! girl's h& 9 m>riage ( h] p>5ts1 :o1 l ! girl1 appe> to h be5 s t]rifi$ & ov]:elm$ by ! cyclonic nature ( ! man z to be incapable ( ! slighte/ resi/ance4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! motives ( all ! p>ties conc]n$1 ! fact is t ,piranesi 0 m>ri$ to ! desc5dant ( ! anci5t ,romans exactly five days aft] he fir/ laid eyes on h] classic features6 ,imm$iately aft] ! w$d+1 hav+ plac$ side by side 8 wife's d[ry & 8 own f9i%$ plates1 toge!r ) 8 unf9i%$ designs1 he in=m$ 8 presumably a/oni%$ bride t _! entire =tune 0 n[ be=e !m1 b t 9 ?ree ye>s' "t h] portion %\ld be d\bl$2 :i* prov$ to be no boa/ b a promise t he actually fulfill$4 ,accord+ to report1 he told 8 fri5ds t he 0 m>ry+ 9 ord] to obta9 ! money requir$ = ! completion ( 8 great book on ,roman ,antiquities4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 if he did m>ry = money1 he ma9ta9$ all 8 life1 to ! poor woman's great discom=t1 z jeal\s a wat* ov] 8 wife z c\ld be expect$ ( ! mo/ amor\s ( husb&s2 s 8 affections z well z 8 vanity may1 p]haps1 h be5 call$ into play by 8 m>riage4 ,at any rate1 8 ideas z to family life 7 wor?y ( ! mo/ sev]e ,roman pat]familias4 ,8 son1 ,francesco1 born 9 #agef1 relates t1 :5 absorb$ 9 8 /udies1 he w\ld q =get ! h\rs = meals1 :ile 8 five *ildr51 nei!r d>+ to int]rupt him nor eat )\t him1 exp]i5c$ all ! mis]ies ( hung]4 ,8 dome/ic co]cion & discipl9e 7 d\btless extreme1 b ! family w\ld seem to h liv$ n too unhappily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,view ,,( ,,! 8,,campo ,,vacc9o0 ,! ,site ( ! ,anci5t ,roman ,=um %[+ ! ,ar* ( ,septimius ,sev]us1 ,columns ( ! ,temple ( ,jupit] ,tonans & ( ! ,temple ( ,concord &1 9 ! di/ance1 ! ,ar* ( ,titus1 ! ,colosseum1 etc41 etc4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #af #ba in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,titus ,9 ?is plate c be se5 a favorite device ( ,piranesi's1 :i* is to enhance ! size & /ability ( massive ar*itecture by plac+ on "s "p ( ! ru9 a human figure 9 active motion4 ,! ,ar* ( ,titus 0 built 9 commemoration ( ! tak+ ( ,j]usalem4 ,! vault is ri*ly c(f]$ & sculptur$1 & ! int]ior faces ( ! pi]s display reliefs ( ,titus 9 triumph1 ) ! plund] ( ! temple at ,j]usalem4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,e two ye>s1 if n (t5]1 a monum5tal book w\ld make its appe>ance1 to say no?+ ( sep>ate plates1 & ,piranesi 0 n[ a fam\s man4 ,) ! exception ( ,w9ckelmann1 he did m ?an any "o to spread a k & love ( classic art1 :ile 8 le>n+ & 8 rese>*es ar\s$ a widespread appreciation ( ! nobility ( ,roman ru9s1 !reby l>gely contribut+ to _! excavation & protection4 ,8 exhau/ive acqua9tance ) antiquity & 8 impassion$ admiration = its beauty1 comb9$ ) 8 s+ul> & int]e/+ "*1 caus$ him to m+le ) all t 0 mo/ rem>kable 9 ! _w ( arts & lett]s 9 ,rome1 at ! same "t br++ him into relation ) :atev] =eign]s ( di/9ction might visit ! city4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 !n & always a poor man1 = 8 fir/ important "w1 8,le ,anti*it ,romane10 sold 9 ! complete set = ! ridicul\s pittance ( sixte5 paoli1 or ab\t sev5te5 lire1 :ile lat] ! ,pope 0 wont to pay him only a ?\s& lire = eighte5 gigantic volumes ( et*+s4 ,! v fact t 8 f]tility 0 s enorm\s1 l[]$ ! price x 0 possible to ask = 8 plates dur+ 8 lifetime1 j z s9ce 8 dea? x has militat$ aga9/ a correct valuation ( 8 tal5t4 ,=ty ye>s aft] he came to ,rome1 he wrote to a correspond5t t he _h made1 on an av]age1 "s sev5 ?\s& lire ( mod]n money a ye>1 out ( :i* he _h _h to support 8 family1 pay = ! mat]ials requir$ 9 8 bus9ess1 & ga!r toge!r t collection ( antiquities :i* 0 a "p ( 8 /ock 9 trade4 ,! rapidity ) :i* ,piranesi work$1 & ! numb] ( plates1 all ( unusually l>ge dim5sions1 :i* he execut$1 are s extraord9>y z to leave "o bewild]$ by ! ?\ght ( su* incompreh5sible indu/ry4 ,compet5t au?orities v>y 9 _! /atem5ts z to ! numb] ( plates produc$ by ,piranesi1 b accept+ z correct ! l[e/ figure1 :i* is ?irte5 hundr$1 x w be f\nd t = ?irty-n9e ye>s he produc$1 on a r\gh av]age1 "o plate e two weeks4 ,ord9>ily1 great productiv5ess w be f\nd to h damag$ ! quality ( ! "w accompli%$1 b ?is is n true 9 ! case ( ,piranesi4 ,al?\gh 8 "w is ( v>y+ m]it1 l t ( all true arti/s1 & ev5 comprises examples lack+ 8 usual excell5ce1 !re is no plate :i* betrays any signs ( hurry or c>eless workman%ip1 :ile 9 _m ! meticul\s f9i% is rem>kable4 ,su* an output is 9 itself ph5om5al1 yet 9 prep>ation = ^! works he f\nd ! "t to pursue ar*ological rese>*es & /udies1 9 !mselves suffici5tly exhau/ive to h occupi$ ! life ( an ord9>y man4 ,moreov]1 9 8 capacity ( ar*itect1 he execut$ v>i\s important re/orations1 includ+ ^? ( ! ,priorato di ,malta1 :]e he is buri$1 & ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo4 ,mo/ ( 8 re/orations 7 und]tak5 by comm& ( ! ,v5etian1 ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiii1 :o be/[$ on him ! title ( ,knight1 or ,cavali]e1 a di/9ction ( :i* he 0 pr\d1 z he 0 ( 8 memb]%ip 9 ! 8,royal ,society ( ,antiqu>ies0 9 ,london1 ( :i* he 0 made an honor>y fell[ 9 #ageg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,titus ,%[+ ! relief ( ! ,triumph ( ,titus & ! c>ry+ away ( ! ,sev5-bran*$ ,c&le-/ick f ,j]usalem4 ,a p>ticul>ly beautiful & n v well-kn[n plate1 :i* cle>ly %[s ,piranesi's f9e s5se ( composition1 & 8 ke5 appreciation ( t s+ul>ly picturesque contra/ betwe5 ! anci5t ru9s & ! m mod]n build+s 9 :i* !y 7 !n emb$d$4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ae #bd in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,/4 ,,john ,,lat]an ,piranesi1 almo/ )\t exception1 plac$ a writt5 description ( ! sc5e on e "o ( 8 plates1 us+ x z a decorative feature4 ,9 ?is case x proves an integral "p ( a gr\p :i* makes an int]e/+ et*+ out ( :at o!rwise w\ld h be5 a simple ar*itectural draw+4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,! "q ( h[ mu* assi/ance ,piranesi receiv$ 9 ! execution ( 8 plates is an int]e/+ "o4 ,9 a few pr9ts1 ! figures 7 et*$ by "o ,jean ,b>bault1 ^: "n sometimes appe>s on ! m>g9s ) t ( ,piranesi4 ,! latt]'s son1 ,francesco1 0 taught design & ar*itecture by 8 fa!r1 ^: mann] he reproduc$ exactly1 al?\gh none ( ! num]\s et*+s :i* he left beh9d him %[ any signs ( ^? qualities :i* con/itute ! greatness ( 8 p>5t's "w4 ,! daught]1 ,laura1 also et*$ 9 ! mann] ( h] fa!r & has left "s views ( ,roman monum5ts4 ,^! two *ildr51 toge!r ) "o ( 8 pupils1 ,piroli1 und\bt$ly aid$ him1 b _! mod]ate skill is a pro( t _! assi/ance c\ld n h be5 c>ri$ v f>4 ,t 8 pupils nev] =m$ a sort ( factory = ! production ( "w pass+ "u _! ma/]'s "n1 z happ5$ ) "s fam\s pa9t]s1 is made c]ta9 by ! fact t he e/abli%$ no s*ool :i* caught 8 mann] & produc$ "w rem9isc5t or imitative ( 84 ,8 unp>allel$ output mu/1 !re=e1 be almo/ entirely a result ( 8 own unaid$ labor4 ,piranesi di$ at ,rome1 surr\nd$ by 8 family1 on ! n9? ( ,novemb]1 #aggh1 ( a slight disord] r5d]$ s]i\s by neglect4 ,8 body 0 fir/ buri$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,&rea della ,fratte1 b 0 soon aft]w>d remov$ to t ,priory ( ,santa ,m>ia ,av5t9a :i* he _h himself re/or$4 ,"h 8 family erect$ a /atue ( him1 c>v$ by "o ,angel9i aft] ! design ( ,piranesi's pupil1 ,piroli4 ,b>on ,/olb]g writes 9 8 8,travels03 8,"h is a f9e /atue ( ! ar*itect ,piranesi1 z l>ge z life1 plac$ !re by 8 son4 ,x is ! "w ( a liv+ sculptor1 ,angel9i1 & ?\gh x c]ta9ly _c be comp>$ ) ! be/ antiquities1 x /ill possesses real m]it40 ,! s+ul> figure ( ,giovanni ,batti/a ,piranesi1 ) 8 p[]1 8 fire1 & 8 passionate love ( ,roman gr&eur1 n unwor?y ( "s great p]iod ( rebir?1 appe>s all ! m ph5om5al :5 view$ 9 relation to 8 times & 8 surr\nd+s4 ,! corruption ( ! pontifical city _h be5 flagrant s9ce ! days :5 x fill$ ) scorn & loa?+ ! wond]ful 8,regrets0 p5n$ by ! exil$ ,fr5* poet1 ,joa*im du ,bellay1 ^: homesick he>t took less pleasure 9 ! h>d m>ble & audaci\s fronts ( ,roman palaces ?an 9 ! delicate slate ( ! di/ant dwell+ built by 8 ,angev9 ance/ors1--b its depravity _h at lea/ be5 replete ) virility & spl5dor4 ,aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 h[ev]1 ! ,c\nt]-,re=mation spread ov] ! ,roman prelacy a wave ( ext]nal re=m1 :i* left ! inn] rott5ness unt\*$1 b veil$ x dec5tly ) all ! /ifl+ & petty vices ( hypocrisy1 until ,roman life gradually grew to be t curi\s &rogyn\s exi/5ce :i* we see reflect$ s cle>ly 9 ,casanova's memoirs4 ,dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ,piranesi liv$1 ! :ole ( ,italy _h sunk to dep?s ( degradation su* z few great races h ev] kn[n1 n because ! p 7 hopelessly decay$1 = _! great _s nev] di$1 b liv$ to flame =? 9 #ahdh & create t m>vel\s pres5t-day reg5]ation ( ,italy1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/ a/oni%+ example ( ! rebir? ( a once great b app>5tly dead nation t ! _w has yet se54 ,! debas$ condition ( ,italy at t "t 0 caus$1 r1 by c5turies ( prie/ly & =eign oppression1 :i* _h /ifl$ ! entire c\ntry until x _h fall5 into a /ate ( torpor little diff]5t to dea?4 ,any sign ( intellectual or political activity1 h[ev] slight or innoc5t1 _h long be5 ru?lessly repress$ by ,au/ria & ! petty tyrants :o rul$ ! /ates ( ,italy4 ,s9ce m5 mu/ f9d "s occupation to fill _! lives1 or else g mad1 9 a l& :]e e noble & ev5 normal employm5t 0 =bidd51 ! ,italian ( ! day 0 =c$ to conf9e himself )9 ! limits ( an idle inanity1 conc]n$ only ) petty que/ions & petty int]e/s4 ,x is difficult = p ( to-day to conceive ! abject futility to :i* su* oppression & en=c$ inactivity c r$uce an entire nation4 ,9 ,france ! comp>ative fre$om enjoy$ "u ! old rgime gave to ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 its mo/ frivol\s & futile mom5ts1 a *>m+ grace utt]ly d5i$ to enslav$ & prie/-ridd5 ,italy4 ,to realize ! situation1 x is only necess>y to consid] = a mom5t ! in/itution ( ! cicisbeo1 & to read ,p>9i's 8,il ,giorno40 ,9 ?is _w ( little loveless lov]s1 ( sonnete]s & collector academicians1 ! figure ( ,piranesi looms gigantic1 l a creature ( ano!r _w4 ,he _h a purity ( ta/e 9 arti/ic matt]s q unkn[n to 8 contempor>ies1 :ile 8 orig9ality1 8 passion1 & 8 vigor seem inde$ ^? ( "s antique ,roman sudd5ly come to life to s]ve z patt]n = a p fall5 on dire days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ru9s ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,h\se ,,( ,,n]o ,,commonly ,,call$ ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,peace ,a /rik+ image ( ! romantic desolation 9 ,roman ru9s long s9ce remov$ by mod]n rese>* ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ai #bh in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,pan!on1 ,,rome ,a good illu/ration ( ,piranesi's orig9ality 9 *oos+ a po9t ( view s curi\s z to give a novel air to ! be/ kn[n subjects ,! ,pan!on1 complet$ by ,agrippa ,b4,c4 #bg1 consecrat$ to ! div9e ance/ors ( ! ,julian family1 & n[ d$icat$ z ! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,rotonda1 is #adb feet 9 diamet] & its height1 to ! apex ( ! great hemisph]ical c(f]$ dome1 is ! same4 ,! light+ ( ! int]ior is solely f an op5+1 #bh feet 9 diamet]1 at ! summit ( ! dome4 ,! dome is practically solid concrete4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bb in*es ,francesco ,piranesi1 aft] ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 sold ! collection =m$ by him to ,gu/avus ,,iii ( ,sw$5 9 return = an annuity4 ,he cont9u$ ! publication ( et*+s1 _m1 al?\gh unackn[l$g$1 f draw+s by 8 fa!r1 & 0 assi/$ 9 8 ar*ological rese>* by ,pope ,pius ,,vi4 ,aft] v>i\s r di%onorable transactions1 z spy to ! c\rt ( ,sw$51 he />t$ = ,p>is by sea 9 #agih1 hav+ ) him ! plates ( 8 fa!r's et*+s1 & accompani$ 9 all probability by 8 si/] ,laura4 ,! %ip on :i* he travel$ 0 captur$ & all x conta9$ tak5 z a prize by a ,briti% man-(-w>1 ,engl& & ,france be+ !n engag$ 9 ho/ilities4 ,by "s curi\s *ance1 ! ,engli% admiral knew ! wor? ( ,piranesi's "w1 & p]suad$ ! (fic]s :o _h made ! capture to re/ore ! plates to 8 son1 & 9 addition obta9$1 by "s /ill m curi\s *ance1 bo? ! admission ( ! plates into ,fr5* t]ritory free ( duty1 & gov]nm5t protection ( ,francesco's own]%ip4 ,at ,p>is1 ,francesco ,piranesi & 8 bro!r1 ,pietro1 tri$ to f\nd bo? an academy & a manufactory ( t]ra-cotta4 ,he also republi%$ 8 fa!r's et*+s & 8 own1 ?us creat+ ! fir/ ,fr5* edition1 already inf]ior 9 quality to ! orig9al ,roman impressions4 ,he di$ 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahaj1 9 /rait5$ circum/ances4 ,! plates ( bo? ! fa!r's & ! son's "w pass$ into ! h&s ( ! publi%]s ,firm9-,didot1 :o republi%$ !m once m4 ,! orig9al plates1 :i* at "o "t 7 r5t$ = almo/ no?+ to any "o :o wi%$ !m = a day's pr9t+1 f9ally f\nd a refuge1 z be=e said1 9 ! ,royal ,calcography at ,rome1 :]e !y h be5 coat$ ) /eel & rebitt51 s t x is n[ possible to pr9t z _m copies e ye> z t\ri/s & ar*itects may desire4 ,x c1 !re=e1 be se5 t1 mo/ un=tunately1 ! _w is flood$ ) c\ntless impressions :i*1 ev5 if !y h value = an ar*itect z docum5ts1 or /ill reta9 en\gh "* to give !m "s m]it z pictures1 are yet s utt]ly *ang$ & debas$ z to d ! grave/ & mo/ irrep>able inju/ice to ! reputation ( ! g5ius :o creat$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,piazza ,,navona1 ,,rome ,?is plate %[s h[ ,piranesi c\ld r5d] a complicat$ view )\t confusion &1 at ! same "t1 give an air ( novelty to a well-kn[n place ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,villa ,,( ,m,,c5as1 ,,at ,,tivoli ,an example ( ,piranesi's skill 9 mak+ a r ord9>y sc5e appe> dramatic1 & ar\s+ a s5se ( va/ness great] ?an t imp>t$ by ! actual build+ ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #af #bc in*es ,,"p ,,ii 8,,le ,,c>c]i ,d',,inv5zione0 7,,! ,,prisons7 ,any "o :o be/[s ev5 a pass+ inspection on ! et*+s ( ,piranesi w be /ruck by ! int5sity ( imag9ation :i* !y display1 a quality ^: precise nature x w p]haps be useful to analyze1 s9ce1 despite ! fact t we use ! ^w con/antly1 ! ?\s& diff]+ values :i* we atta* to x r5d] our ideas ( its true mean+ 9 g5]al ( ! vague/4 ,r$uc$ to its ultimate ess5ce1 imag9ation w\ld appe> to be ! faculty ( picture-mak+2 t is to say1 ! p[] ( br++ images be=e ! m5tal eye ) absolute exactitude1 & ( clo?+ ideas ) a def9ite =m1 s t !y h a reality q z great z t :i* *>act]izes ! objects ( ! ext]nal _w4 ,s long z ideas rema9 9 ! m9d 9 ! =m ( ab/ract conceptions1 !y are food = reason1 b h no p[] to move u4 ,x is only :51 by means ( ! imag9ative faculty1 ! concept has pres5t$ itself z a def9ite image1 t x ar\ses our emotions & becomes a motive ( conduct4 ,:51 = example1 ! idea ( an injury to "s "o we love comes into our sph]e ( consci\sness1 a concrete picture ( t injury pres5ts itself 9 "s =m or o!r to our inn] vision1 & is ! cause ( ! emotion :i* we exp]i5ce4 ,our sympa?y & und]/&+ w be proportionate to ! v>y+ di/9ctness ) :i* our imag9ative p[] (f]s su* images = our contemplation4 ,imag9ation !re=e connotes ! ability to conceive ! emotions & exp]i5ces ( o!rs1 & is ?us indissolubly connect$ ) sympa?y & all ! nobl] qualities ( human nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,apollo1 ,,ne> ,,tivoli ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bd in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,falls ,,at ,,tivoli ,?is et*+ illu/rates a little kn[n side ( ,piranesi's tal5t1 namely1 8 ability to et* pure l&scape ,! ,falls ( ! ,tev]one 7! anci5t ,anio7 at ,tivoli are fifte5 miles ea/-nor!a/ ( ,rome4 ,tivoli 0 ! favorite place ( resid5ce ( _m ,romans--,mc5as1 ,augu/us1 ,hadrian--& ! ru9s ( bo? ,hadrian's ,villa & ! ,villa ( ,mc5as are /ill to be se54 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bh in*es ,! fact t our conduct is det]m9$ n by concepts1 b by m5tal images :i* motive emotion1 al?\gh at fir/ x appe> p>adoxical1 w c]ta9ly be recogniz$ by any "o :o is will+ to /udy1 if only = a %ort "t1 8 own m5tal exp]i5ces4 ,?is tru? 0 realiz$ ) su* =ce z to be made ! base ( _! entire spiritual discipl9e by t notable ,spani>d1 ,ignatius ,loyola1 & 8 foll[]s1 ! ,jesuit fa!rs1 :o h und]/ood ! complex & subtle me*anism ( ! human s\l m pr(\ndly & exhau/ively ?an any o!r body ( m5 :i* has ev] exi/$4 ,9 classic times ,horace 0 cognizant ( ?is peculi>ity ( man's m9d :5 he wrote t ! emotions are ar\s$ m sl[ly by objects :i* are pres5t$ to consci\sness by he>+ ?an by ^? made kn[n by sight4 ,burke1 x is true1 disputes ?is dictum ( ! ,lat9 poet1 on ! gr\nd t1 among ! arts1 poetry c]ta9ly ar\ses emotions m int5se ?an ^? d]iv$ f pa9t+4 ,al?\gh ?is is probably true1 = reasons :i* he details & :i* x w\ld be we>isome to reit]ate "h1 x is c]ta9 t poetry moves u exactly 9 ratio to ! p[] x possesses ( creat+ vivid images = our contemplation1 :ile x is c]ta9ly d\btful :e!r any emotion excit$ ?r\gh he>+ surpasses 9 vivacity t exp]i5c$ on sudd5ly see+ c]ta9 objects or situations4 ,all arti/s at all wor?y ( ! "n are1 !re=e1 possess$ to a c]ta9 degree ( imag9ation4 ,x is ! gift :i* makes visible to !m :atev] !y embody 9 words1 pictures1 s\nds1 or sculpture4 ,if totally depriv$ ( x1 !y c\ld create no?+1 = no man c express :at does n appe> to him z hav+ a real exi/5ce = at lea/ ! mom5t ( creation4 ,9 ! doma9 ( art1 imag9ation1 9 its l[] =ms1 is m]ely ! p[] ( recollect+ & reproduc+ ?+s end[$ ) mat]ial exi/5ce2 b 9 its highe/ developm5t1 :5 h&l+ ! conceptions & emotions ( an orig9al m9d1 x acquires ! p[] ( actual creation1 & is insep>ably atta*$ to ! l(tie/ acts ( :i* man is capable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,falls ,,at ,,tivoli ,among lat] works !re are few bett] expressions ( t feel+ = nature 9 its wilde/ aspects1 :i*1 practically unkn[n until ! "t ( ,r\sseau1 is n[ consid]$ ! speciality ( mod]n arti/s4 ,t ,piranesi appreciat$ ?is side ( nature1 & 0 able to express its poetry & p[]1 c\ld be prov$ by ?is plate alone4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bh in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s ,,& ,,! ,,vatican ,?is is p]haps ! be/ example ( ,piranesi's exagg]at$ p]spective4 ,x is q ju/ifi$1 9 ?is case at lea/1 by ! success ) :i* x creates an impression ( va/ness & ( gr&eur :i* 0 c]ta9ly aim$ at by ! ar*itects ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 b :i* ! ext]ior ( ! actual build+1 q z c]ta9ly1 fails to ar\se4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,e plate et*$ by ,piranesi betrays to ev5 a c>eless glance ! pres5ce ( imag9ation 9 "s =m1 :ile 9 "o s]ies ?is noble faculty is reveal$ ) an amplitude almo/ unp>allel$4 ,if x be only ! pres5tm5t ( fragm5ts ( ,roman epitaphs1 he f9ds a way by "s play ( light or %ade1 or by "s trick ( picturesque arrangem5t1 to ?r[ a c]ta9 int]e/ ab\t !m1 reliev+ ! dryness ( b>r5 facts2 if x be ! et*+ ( "s sepul*ral vault1 9 itself devoid ( any b antiqu>ian int]e/1 he introduces "s human figure or "s sugge/ive implem5t to give a fla% ( imag9ation to ! sc5e4 ,9 ^? v plates :]e he depicts ! actually exi/+ monum5ts ( classic ,rome1 & 9 :i* x 0 8 express$ int5tion to save ^! augu/ ru9s f fur!r injury & pres]ve !m =ev] 9 8 engrav+s1 he creat$ :at he saw anew1 & voic$ 8 own di/9ctive s5tim5t ( ! melan*oly gr&eur ( ru9$ ,rome4 ,to-day ! ^w impressionism has come to h a r re/rict$ mean+ 9 connection ) a rec5t s*ool ( art1 b ,piranesi's "w1 l t ( all really great arti/s1 is 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w impressioni/ic4 ,9 pass+1 x may be rem>k$ t he 0 "o ( ! r>e arti/s 9 e>li] times :o work$ directly f nature1 a habit di/9ctive ( our mod]n impressionism4 ,piranesi is conc]n$ ) ! expression ( 8 own peculi> impression ( :at he sees2 = ! b5efit ( o!rs & = 8 own delight he gives =m to 8 own p>ticul> vision ( :atev] he treats4 ,he c]ta9ly 0 desir\s (1 & successful 91 record+ ! exi/+ =ms ( ! build+s he lov$ s well2 x is also true t 8 et*+s & engrav+s are 9 _m ways fai?ful r5d]+s :i* h imm5se hi/orical & antiqu>ian value1 s9ce !y pres]ve an aspect ( ,rome none %all ev] see aga91 b toge!r ) ! actual facts1 & transc5d+ !m1 he (f]s ! imag9ative pres5tm5t ( 8 own creative emotion4 ,:at he draws is bas$ on nature1 & is full ( v]isimilitude1 b x is n reali/ic 9 ! base way t a photograph w\ld be4 ,x conta9s :ile x surpasses reality1 & is fai?ful to ! idea ( :at he sees1 us+ t ^w 9 its ,platonic s5se4 ,ta9e1 9 :at is probably ! mo/ lucid & exhau/ive def9ition ( ! nature ( a "w ( art ev] giv51 />ts f ! /atem5t t all great art is bas$ on an exact imitation ( nature2 !n proce$s to demon/rate h[ ?is imitation ( nature mu/ n ext5d to e detail1 b %\ld1 in/ead1 conf9e itself to ! relations & mutual dep5d5cies ( ! p>ts2 & f9ally /ates1 z ! condition ess5tial to creat+ a "w ( art1 t ! arti/ %all succe$1 by int5tional & sy/ematic v>iation ( ^! relations1 9 sett+ free1 9 express+ m cle>ly & completely ?an 9 ! real object1 "s ess5tial *>act]i/ic or pr$om9at+ idea4 ,?is is :]e9 art transc5ds nature1 & a "w ( art is1 !re=e1 con/itut$ by ! fact t x expresses ! ess5tial idea ( "s s]ies ( subjects1 fre$ f ! accid5ts ( individuality1 9 a =m m h>moni\sly entire ?an t atta9$ by any object 9 nature4 ,n[ ?is is precisely :at ,piranesi did4 ,he is (t5 tak5 to task = 8 dep>ture f a lit]al /atem5t ( fact 9 8 r5d]+s ( ar*itectural subjects1 b1 9 s dep>t+1 he is v>y+ ! int]relation ( p>ts s z to dis5gage ! *>act]i/ic ess5ce ( :at he depicts1 & ?us create a "w ( art1 n a hi/orical docum5t4 ,if he l5g!ns ,b]n9i's colonnade 9 front ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 he is only compos+ ) ! same lib]ty accord$ to ,turn]1 :51 9 "o picture ( ,/4 ,g]ma91 he introduces elem5ts ga!r$ f ?ree sep>ate p>ts ( ! riv] ,se9e2 & by s do+ he expresses ! idea ( limitless gr&eur1 lat5t 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ) a fullness x does n possess 9 ! actual build+4 ,9 8 8,antiquities ( ,rome10 he dis5gages a s5se ( deva/ation & ( desolate maje/y :i* is ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ic ( ,roman ru91 & "o t c\ld h pres5t$ itself ) su* directness & =ce only to ! m9d ( an arti/ ( g5ius4 ,8 own vision ( ! inn] tru? ( :at he saw1 /ripp$ ( ev]y?+ accid5tal1 is :at he gives to po/]ity1 & :at lifts 8 "w out ( ! field ( simple ar*ology into ! pr\d realm ( true art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,villa ,d',,e/e ,,at ,,tivoli ,x is int]e/+ to note t at ! "t ,piranesi et*$ ?is f9e plate ! av5ue ( ,cypress trees1 :i* n[ adds s mu* to ! picturesqu5ess ( ! ,villa d',e/e1 0 n ev5 plant$4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ah #bg in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,title-,,page ,,( 8,,! ,,prisons0 ,f 8,op]e ,v>ie di ,ar*itettura ,prospettive ,grottes*i ,anti*ita sul ,gu/o ,degli ,anti*i ,romani ,inv5tate1 ed ,incise da ,gio4 ,bati/a ,piranesi4 ,ar*itetto ,v5eziano40 7,rome1 #agej47 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #af in*es ,ev5 9 ^? plates :]e he et*es actual sc5es ) lov+ c>e1 ,piranesi passes nature1 z x 71 ?r\gh ! alembic ( 8 own p]sonality1 do+ ?is moreov] 9 a way peculi> to him & to him alone4 ,8 orig9ality consi/s 9 ?is1--t 8 m9d1 :5 consid]+ an object1 seiz$ in/9ctively on c]ta9 di/+ui%+ features peculi> to t object1 qualities :i* 8 m9d1 & only 81 0 capable ( extract+ f ! r\gh ore ( ord9>y p]ception2 & t = ! p[]ful impression :i* he ?us exp]i5c$1 he 0 able to f9d an adequate & di/9ctive expression4 ,x 0 8 good =tune to behold ,rome 9 a mom5t ( pa!tic & s+ul> beauty1 irrevocably vani%$1 z "o ( ! p5alties to be paid = ! k ga9$ by mod]n excavation4 ,9 ^? days ! ,roman ru9s did n h t trim air1 z ( skeletons rang$ 9 a museum1 :i* !y h tak5 on "u our tireless cleans+ & rese>*4 ,= c5turies ! b>b>ians ( ,rome _h obs]v$ ! precept3 8,g ye ^u h] walls & de/roy2 b make n a full end10 s t only ! upp]mo/ fragm5ts ( temple columns protrud$ ?r\gh ! e>? :]e ! cattle br[s$ /raggl+ %rubb]y above ! buri$ ,=um1 :ile goats & sw9e h]d$ among cab9s 9 ! fil? & c5tury-high dirt :i* cov]$ ! /reets t _h be5 trod by ! pride ( emp]ors4 ,b t :i*1 m ?an any?+ else1 help$ to create an atmosph]e ( romantic beauty none %all see aga91 0 ! indescribable tangle ( v9e1 %rub1 & fl[]1 :i* 9 ^? days drap$ & hid "u a mass ( v]dure ! mighty ru9s ( ba?s & halls t /ill /upefy by _! va/ness :5 we see !m n[1 devoid ( _! anci5t m>ble dress+1 /ripp$ clean l poli%$ bones4 ,%elley tells h[ ev5 9 8 day ! ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla 7 cov]$ ) 8fl[]y glades1 & ?ickets ( odorif]\s blossom+ trees1 :i* are ext5d$ 9 ev]-w9d+ labyr9?s40 ,! s5tim5t ( augu/ gr&eur inspir$ by ! inde/ructible mass ( ,roman ru9s 01 !re=e1 9 ^? days curi\sly complicat$ by ! contra/ betwe5 !m & ! fanta/ic gr[? ( ev]-pass+1 ev]-r5ew$ vegetation :i* wrapp$ !m z 9 a mantle4 ,! poignancy ( ?is beauty ,piranesi seiz$ ) a felicity & express$ ) a pl5itude giv5 to no "o b to him4 ,he 01 bo? by nature & by volition1 pr(\ndly classical1 yet he envelop$ all t he h&l$1 h[ev] classic x might be 9 subject1 ) a s5se ( my/]i\s /rang5ess s /rong z to ar\se ! s5sation call$ 9 lat] times romantic4 ,?is contra/ is "o ( ! di/9ctive phases ( 8 orig9ality4 ,x w\ld be pleasant to ?9k t ,edmund ,burke 0 famili> ) ! creations ( ,giambatti/a ,piranesi :5 he wrote s se>*+ly ( 8,! ,sublime & ,beautiful02 b1 if ?is be p]haps an idle fancy1 x is c]ta9ly true t x w\ld n be easy to f9d concrete examples demon/rat+ m cle>ly ?an ! et*+s ( ,piranesi ! tru? ( l>ge p>ts ( 8 enquiry1 & 9 p>ticul> ( ! foll[+ def9ition ( ! sublime3 8,:atev] is fitt$ 9 any sort to excite ! ideas ( pa9 & dang]1 t is to say1 :atev] is 9 any sort t]rible1 or is conv]sant ab\t t]rible objects1 or op]ates 9 a mann] analog\s to t]ror1 is a s\rce ( ! sublime2 t is1 x is productive ( ! /ronge/ emotion :i* ! m9d is capable ( feel+4 ,:5 dang] or pa9 press too ne>ly1 !y are incapable ( giv+ any delight1 & are simply t]rible1 b at c]ta9 di/ances1 & ) c]ta9 modifications1 !y may be1 & !y are1 delightful1 z we e day exp]i5ce40 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,iii ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #af in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,iv ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #af in*es ,! application ( ^! words to ! "w ( ,piranesi w probably surprise ^? p]sons acqua9t$ only ) 8 et*+s ( classic ru9s4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 ^! plates exemplify ?is def9ition 9 _m ways :i* x w\ld be t$i\s to enum]ate1 :ile to feel its full apposit5ess x is only necess>y to /udy ,piranesi's lea/-kn[n & greate/ a*ievem5t1 commonly call$ 8,! ,prisons10 & kn[n 9 ,italian z 8,le ,c>c]i d',inv5zione40 ,^! sixte5 fantasies1 execut$ at ! age ( tw5ty-two & publi%$ at ?irty1 =m a set ( pr9ts 9 :i* x is no exagg]ation to say t imag9ation is display$ ) a p[] & amplitude t h else:]e nev] be5 surpass$ 9 et*+ or engrav+1 & only r>ely 9 o!r =ms ( pictorial art4 ,al?\gh sc>cely kn[n to ! public at l>ge1 !y h always =m$ ! delight ( ^? :o feel ! appeal ( imag9ative fantasy1 & notably ( ,col]idge & ( ,de ,qu9cey1 :o has record$ 8 impression 9 gold5 words4 ,!y are reput$ to repres5t sc5es :i* burn$ !mselves into ! arti/'s consci\sness :ile deliri\s ) fev]1 & x is c]ta9 t !y d possess t t]rible1 vivid reality1 s enorm\sly amplifi$ z to lose ! proportions ( ord9>y exi/5ce1 :i* *>act]izes all oppressive dreams & p>ticul>ly ^? induc$ by n>cotics4 ,!y repres5t int]iors ( va/ & fanta/ic ar*itecture1 complete yet unf9i%$1 compos$ ( an inexplicable complexity ( enorm\s ar*es spr++ f massive pi]s built1 l ! ar*es !y c>ry1 ( gigantic blocks left r\gh-hewn4 ,by a contra/ t c\ld only h be5 conceiv$ by g5ius ^! mon/r\s spaces are trav]s$ 9 e direction by frail scaffold+s1 toge!r ) ladd]s1 bridges1 & all mann] ( works 9 wood2 & are fill$1 at ! same "t1 ) an inexhau/ible succession ( ropes1 pulleys1 & eng9es1 f9ely describ$ by ,de ,qu9cey z 8expressive ( enorm\s p[] put =? or ( resi/ance ov]come40 ,!y are di/+ui%$ by "o ( ,piranesi's greate/ qualities1 ! p[] to express imm5sity z1 p]haps1 no "o else has ev] done1 & are flood$ ) light :i* seems int5se 9 its opposition to ! brilliant %ad[s1 s t altoge!r x w\ld be difficult to und]/& _! title ( 8,prisons10 7 x n = ! pres5ce ( eng9es ( torm5t1 & ( mighty *a9s t tw9e ov] & dep5d f huge beams1 or sometimes b9d fa/ ! little bodies ( human be+s4 ,! unusual & inexplicable nature ( ^! 8,prisons0 gives to ! behold]'s imag9ation a mighty /imulus productive ( /range excitem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,v ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #af in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,vi ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #ae in*es ,! 8,engli% ,opium-,eat]0 9 lik5+ 8 visions to ^! pictures1--& :at high] praise ( _! imag9ative =ce c\ld !re be8--speaks ( _! 8p[] ( endless gr[? & self-reproduction40 ,"o ( _! di/+ui%+ peculi>ities is ?is repetition ( p>ts1 z ( ?+s :i* gr[ out ( !mselves unceas+ly1 reproduc+ _! p>ts until ! bra9 reels at ! idea ( _! endlessness4 ,?is *>act]i/ic1 toge!r ) t curi\s opposition betwe5 _! air ( op5 imm5sity & _! sugge/ion ( prison-horror1 gives !m t p>ticul> appe>ance ( absolute reality 9 ! mid/ ( impossibility1 :i* is a di/9ctive feature ( dreams4 ,9 ?is way !y ar\se a s5se ( inf9itude 9 ! m9d ( ! behold]2 n[1 al?\gh size is 9 itself ( no importance1 x is nev]!less true t1 :5 comb9$ ) o!r qualities ( value1 8greatness ( dim5sion is a p[]ful cause ( ! sublime40 ,?is greatness1 bo? 9 conception & 9 mat]ial execution1 !y possess1 toge!r ) t opposition ( light to obscurity :i* 8seems 9 g5]al to be necess>y to make any?+ v t]rible40 ,inde$1 t ^! et*+s reveal a m imag9ative vigor ar\se a k9d ( awe 9 any "o :o gives !m m ?an a pass+ glance1 :ile ! horror :i* !y sugge/ is nev] physical s z to nauseate or 8press too ne>ly0 & cause pa91 b imp>ts1 on ! contr>y1 a s5se ( dang] & ( t]ror t causes a delightful excitem5t1 c]ta9ly fulfill+ ! def9ition ( ! sublime z giv5 by ,burke4 ,al?\gh x does n foll[ t ,piranesi is a great] et*] ?an ,rembr&t1 x may /ill be true t ^! et*+s reveal a m imag9ative vigor ?an is %[n 9 ^? ( ! great ,dut*man4 ,!y d n possess t subtle imag9ation :i* envelops ev]y?+ t ,rembr&t ev] t\*$ 9 an air ( exquisite my/]y1 & gives to 8 lea/ sket* an inexhau/ible fund ( sugge/ion1 nor c !y be comp>$ to 8 et*+s z consummate works ( art2 yet !y d h a titanic1 irresi/ible =ce ( %e] imag9ation1 :i* nei!r ,rembr&t nor any o!r et*]1 h[ev] sup]ior 9 o!r ways1 possess$ to ! same ext5t4 ,_! prem95ce 9 ?is "o po9t is c]ta9ly admissible1 & z x has be5 %[n1 presumably1 t !y are imag9ative1 orig9al1 & sublime1 is x too mu* to say t1 at lea/ 9 ! expression ( c]ta9 intellectual qualities1 ,piranesi 9 ^! plates c>ri$ ! art ( et*+ to ! highe/ po9t yet atta9$1 s t no "o :o does n "k ^! plates c "k q all t et*+ is capable ( express+8 8,! ,prisons0 are also ! mo/ notable example ( t pr9ciple ( opposition1 or contra/1 ( :i* ,piranesi made s ma/]ful a use 9 :atev] he did4 ,! application ( ?is law 9 ! h&l+1 & at times 9 ! abuse1 ( blacks & :ites1 is1 ( c\rse1 app>5t to ev5 ! mo/ casual obs]v] 9 all t came f 8 h&4 ,9 ! pres5t s]ies1 h[ev]1 ?is law may be se5 c>ri$ to its utmo/ limit4 ,f e /up5d\s vault !re hangs a long1 ?9 rope1 :ile up gigantic pill>s ( r\gh masonry climb frail ladd]s ( wood1 & great voids betwe5 imm5se pi]s are spann$ by light bridges1 also ( wood1 be>+ ! slighte/ & mo/ op5 ( iron rail+s4 ,9 8 plates ( ,roman ru9s1 ,piranesi introduces ! human figure dress$ 9 ! lovely co/ume ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 ord] to contra/ grace ) =ce1 & to oppose ! liv+ & ! fugitive to ! inanimate & ! endur+2 b "h 8 use ( ! human figure rises to ! truly dramatic4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! va/ & awful halls ) _! air ( /illness & ( p[]1 ( 8resi/ance ov]come10 he places m5 :o seem ! smalle/ & ! fraile/ among creatures4 ,gr\p$ by twos or ?rees1 :e!r depict$ 9 viol5t motion or /&+ ) significant ge/ure1 !y are always enigmatic 9 _! attitudes1 s t _! pres5ce & obvi\s emotion amid ?is imm5se & sil5t gr&eur ar\se a s5se ( tragic action1 a feel+ ( my/]i\s wond] & curiosity t gives to all lov]s ( intellectual excitem5t a pleasure z ke5 z unusual4 ,p>ticul>ly 9 "o vision ( a mon/r\s :eel ( wood revolv+ 9 space1 no "o kn[s h[1 above a fragm5t ( rocky ar*itecture1 :ile ?ree human be+s engag$ 9 animat$ conv]se are obvi\sly unconsci\s ( ! gigantic revolutions1 ! limits ( fantasy are rea*$1 & ! m9d turns in/9ctively to ^? images ( ! sph]es roll+ et]nally 9 inf9ite space :i* are f\nd 9 ,milton & all my/ic poets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,ix ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #af in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,vii ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #af in*es ,^! plates are also int]e/+ z a /rik+ & curi\s pro( ( ,piranesi's consci\s ma/]y ( 8 art4 ,!y are fill$ ) su* a fury ( imag9ation1 & are et*$ ) su* da% & boldness ( execution t x seems z ?\gh !y mu/ be1 if n1 z 0 once said1 ! sane "w ( a madman1 at lea/ burn$ directly on ! plate by ! =ce ( a fev]-/rick5 m9d4 ,b n s2 !y are1 h[ev] fev]$ _! orig9al inspiration may h be51 ! result ( c>eful elaboration1 & are b "o m pro( ( ! say+ ( t o!r & /ill great] et*]1 ,:i/l]1 t a "w ( art is complete1 & only complete1 :5 all traces h disappe>$ ( ! means by :i* x 0 creat$4 ,!re exi/s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum a unique1 & until rec5tly unkn[n1 s]ies ( fir/ /ates ( 8,! ,prisons40 ,n[1 al?\gh ^! fir/ /ates h ! ma9 outl9e &1 z x 71 ! g]m ( ! publi%$ /ates1 ^! latt] are s elaborat$ &1 on ! :ole1 improv$1 z to make x at fir/ incr$ible t !y c\ld ev] h gr[n out (1 or _h any relation to1 ! e>li] /ates4 ,! idea ( va/ masses ( masonry is !re1 ?r[n on ! pap] ) a simplicity ( decorative effect & a directness ( t\* :i* h be5 less5$ 9 ! lat] "w2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 all ^? scaffolds1 eng9es ( torm5t1 & gr\ps ( m5 above describ$1 are lack+1 s t ! p[] ( contra/ & ! s5se ( t]ror1 productive ( ! sublime1 are entirely want+1 & are1 !re=e1 %[n to be ! result ( consci\s art us$ by ,piranesi 9 elaboration ( an orig9al inspiration4 ,piranesi possess$ a /yle s int5sely individual t e pr9t he produc$ is recognizable z 8 by any p]son :o has ev] look$ at two or ?ree ( 8 plates ) mod]ate att5tion1 yet ?is /yle nev] deg5]at$ into mann]2 t is to say1 into an imitation n ( nature1 b ( ! peculi>ities ( o!r m5 or ( "o's own e>li] "w4 ,x became a mann] or process 9 ! h&s ( 8 son1 ,francesco1 b ) ,giovanni ,batti/a x always rema9$ /yle1 :i* is ! expression ( an orig9al intellect obs]v+ nature be=e consci\sly v>y+ ! relations ( elem5ts drawn by x f nature1 to ! end ( produc+ a "w ( art4 ,?is /yle1 ^: faults lie 9 excessive contra/s ( black & :ite1 9 inadequate h&l+ ( skies1 &1 at times1 9 a c]ta9 g5]al h>dness ( aspect1 is m>k$ by great boldness1 bread?1 & p[]1 bo? 9 conception & 9 actual execution1 b x is nev] m>r$ by crudity or r\ghness4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t ! imm5se =ce1 :i* fir/ ( all impresses "o 9 ,piranesi's "w1 does n exclude1 b is1 on ! contr>y1 (t5 comb9$ or contra/$ ) extreme elegance & f95ess ( t\*4 ,to cite b "o in/ance3 9 t wond]ful pr9t :i* =ms ! title-page ( 8,! ,prisons10--! figure ( ! *a9$ man1 :o imp>ts su* a s5se ( t]ror to ! :ole sc5e1 is h&l$ ) a grace & delicacy wor?y ( ,moreau or any ( ^? ,fr5* contempor>ies :o fill$ ! l& ) _! exquisite creations = ! endless delight ( lat] g5]ations4 ,x is ?is contra/1 toge!r ) 8 dramatic introduction & gr\p+ ( ! human figure1 :i* gives to ,piranesi's /yle a "* t has be5 aptly qualifi$ z sc5ic4 ,an et*+ by ,piranesi produces v mu* ! same curi\s effect t a p]son exp]i5ces on ent]+ a !at] aft] ! curta9 has ris51 s t he receives f ! /age a sudd51 %>p impression1 n ( a pass+ mom5t ( ! play1 b ( "o di/9ct1 dramatic picture4 ,8 et*+s are nev] !atrical 9 ! s5se ( some?+ factiti\s & exagg]at$ beyond lik5ess to nature1 b are always truly dramatic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,viii ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ba #ae in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,xi ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #af #ba in*es ,x w h be5 notic$ t plates by ,piranesi h be5 ref]r$ to bo? z et*+s & engrav+s2 ?is is because he us$ bo? et*+ & engrav+ 9 ! same plate1 a proce$+ :i*1 if decri$ by !oretical writ]s1 has none ! less be5 habitually employ$ by _m ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( bo? means ( expression4 ,despite 8 faults & 8 ,lat9 exub]ance1 ,piranesi is te*nically "o ( ! great et*]s1 9 ^: h&s1 p>ticul>ly 9 c]ta9 plates 9 8,! ,prisons10 ! et*+-ne$le atta9$ a bread? ( vigor\s execution t no "o has surpass$4 ,9 judg+ an arti/1 ! obvi\s precept1 to consid] :at he 0 aim+ to d1 is un=tunately too (t5 neglect$4 ,to expect ( ,piranesi ei!r ! incomp>able delicacy ( ,:i/l]1 or ! unsurpass$ crispness ( ,m]yon w\ld be futile1 b he does possess c]ta9 =ceful qualities :i* are n !irs4 ,:5 he us$ ! bur91 he c\ld h&le x ) ! greate/ precision & skill4 ,9 su* a plate z ! "o kn[n z ,! ,fr5* ,academy1 ! build+ is engrav$ ) a skill n at all unwor?y ( ! engrav]s :o 7 at t "t do+ su* wond]ful "w 9 ,france1 :ile ! plate1 z a :ole1 ga9s a delightful quality1--t nei!r pure et*+ nor pure engrav+ c\ld h giv51--f ! contra/ :i* ! %>p & delicately engrav$ l9es make ) ! figures t are et*$ ) a consummate fre$om & da% wor?y ( ,callot1 :o1 "o _c b ?9k1 mu/ h influ5c$ ,piranesi4 ,9 8 valuable monograph on ,piranesi1 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,samuel makes ! /atem5t t 8ar*itectural et*+ has culm9at$ ) him02 & x is c]ta9 t 9 ?is field 8 "w surpasses1 bo? 9 ar*itectural correctness & 9 arti/ic m]it1 any t has be5 done ei!r be=e or s9ce 8 day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,xiii ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #af #ba in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,! ,,prisons4 ,,plate ,,xiv ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #af #ba in*es ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,piranesi ,,on ,,decoration ,,9 ,,! ,,xviii ,,c5tury ,!re is /ill ano!r side ( ,piranesi's orig9ality1 public ignorance ( :i* may be said to be complete--namely1 8 relation to ar*itecture1 & ! v great debt ow$ him by t art4 ,t he 0 an ar*itect :o sign$ himself z su* on _m plates dur+ 8 entire life is a fact ignor$ ev5 by _m ( ^? ar*itects :o are mo/ indebt$ to him2 b ?is fact is negligible1 toge!r ) ! "w :i* he actually execut$ z an ar*itect4 ,! b5efits :i* he conf]r$ 7 r5d]$ 9 o!r ways4 ,8 fir/1 & p]haps greate/1 s]vice consi/$ 9 ! collection ( mat]ials4 ,! classic motives :i* he ga!r$ & et*$ =m an inexhau/ible /ore ( ornam5t on :i* g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( ar*itects has drawn1 & w cont9ue to draw4 ,! enorm\s quantity & v>iety ( classic fragm5ts ( ! be/ quality t ,piranesi br\ght toge!r is 9 itself a/\nd+1 b a fact ( /ill great] importance is t x 0 he :o1 m ?an any "o else1 gave ^! motives curr5cy4 ,9 8 day no "o1 except ,w9ckelmann--n[ kn[n *iefly by 8 influ5ce on ,goe!1 & by 8 tragic dea?--did z mu* z ,piranesi to fo/] appreciation & spread k ( classic antiquity2 :ile 8 plates1 bo? by _! great] curr5cy & high] arti/ic m]it1 did wid] & m endur+ good ?an c\ld ev] be accompli%$ by ! "w ( a critic & connoisseur1 ev5 ( ,w9ckelmann's tal5t & pre/ige4 ,8 b\ndless en?usiasm & 8 real le>n+ ar\s$ m p ?an we %all ev] "k1 at ! same "t t 8 labors1 s indefatigable z to be incr$ible1 spread abroad 9 prodigal pr(usion ! reproductions ( ! rema9s ( classic build+s1 /atues1 & ornam5t4 ,! great] "p ( ^! relics w\ld h cont9u$1 b = him1 to be kn[n to only a few collectors & frequ5t]s ( museums2 & x is c]ta9 t m classic motives h come into use1 directly or indirectly1 f ! works ( ,piranesi ?an f any o!r "o s\rce1 ) ! possible exception ( mod]n photography4 ,9 ?is connection x is impossible to insi/ too mu* on 8 exquisite ta/e1 :i*1 al?\gh x _h its lapses1 z 9 8 designs = *imney-pieces1 0 on ! :ole ( ! highe/4 ,?is fact seems q incr$ible if ! "t & place ( 8 life be consid]$4 ,! intellectual degradation ( all ,italy at ?is p]iod has already be5 allud$ to1 &1 art be+ always a reflection & expression ( contempor>y life1 x foll[s t ! arti/ic degradation ( ,piranesi's ,italian contempor>ies 0 complete4 ,x is difficult to conceive ! rococo horrors ( eighte5?-c5tury ,italy4 ,9 ,france ! mo/ contort$ productions ( ! ,l\is ,,xv /yle1 or ! mo/ f>-fet*$ symbolic lucubrations "u ,l\is ,,xvi1 nev] rea*$ su* dep?s ( bad ta/e2 = ! ,fr5*1 9 _! mo/ un=tunate mom5ts1 c nev] dive/ !mselves entirely ( an innate ta/e & a s5se ( measure :i* give "s r$eem+ grace to _! wor/ follies4 ,! lack ( tact1 ( a s5se ( limitations1 :i* (t5 *>act]izes ,spani% & ,italian art1 & at times makes possible spl5did flights nev] attempt$ by ! ,fr5*1 also p]mits !m1 :5 misguid$1 to s9k to abysmal dep?s4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d mu* good 9 ! heavy contortions ( ! rococo "w ( eighte5?-c5tury ,italy1 :i*1 />t+ f ,b]n9i1 exagg]at$ all 8 faults & kept none ( ev5 8 p]v]t$ g5ius4 ,amid ?is riot ( bad ta/e1 ,piranesi1 ) 8 love ( classic simplicity1 8 s5se ( ! noble1 & 8 feel+ = balance & di/ance1 /&s out an inexplicable ph5om5on4 ,9 c]ta9 plates1 ,piranesi1 :ile us+ elem5ts tak5 f antiquity1 creat$ a /yle ( ornam5tal composition :i* inspir$ or 0 copi$ 9 "w prais$ = its orig9ality1 & pass+ "u ! "n ( o!r /yles4 ,no "o dreams ( speak+ ( a ,piranesi /yle1 yet !re is _m a piece ( decoration t calls itself ,l\is ,,xvi1 or ,adam1 or any?+ else1 :i* comes directly f ! "w ( ?is mu*-pilf]$ ,italian4 ,he /&s 9 relation to a great deal ( ar*itectural decoration mu* z d1 9 sci5ce1 ^? pr(\nd & creative m9ds :o discov] a great pr9ciple1 b neglect its detail$ application1 only to h x tak5 up by less] inv5tors ( a practical tr5d1 :o put x to actual uses1 ! tangible value ( :i* excites s great an admiration t no ?\ght is tak5 ( ! man :o discov]$ ! v pr9ciple at ! base ( x all4 ,9 su* plates z ^? d$icat$ to ,rob]t ,adam & ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiii !re c be f\nd1 fully develop$1 ! /yle we call curr5tly ,l\is ,,xvi1 al?\gh ! great] "p ( x 0 produc$ "u ,l\is ,,xv contemporane\sly ) ! "w :i* goes by t "n4 ,! /yle 9 "q is !re1 ) its exquisite detail copi$ f ! antique2 we c see its inspiration tak5 f ! classic :i* x wi%$ to reproduce1 toge!r ) its =tunate inability to d s1 & its consequ5tly successful creation ( some?+ entirely orig9al b yet fill$ ) classic _s4 ,t int]ruption ( ornam5t1 t alt]nation ( ! decorat$ & ! pla91 t s5se ( balance & ( contra/1 di/9ctive ( ! ,l\is ,,xvi /yle--all are "h4 ,to ?9k t ^! qualities came to ,piranesi ?r\gh ,fr5* influ5ce w\ld be ridicul\s1 = ! /yle "u discussion obvi\sly took = its model classic art1 to :i* x 0 an attempt$ return2 & z ,piranesi 0 all 8 life 9 direct contact ) ! s\rce ( ?is inspiration1 he c\ld sc>cely h be5 =m$ by a d]ivation ( t :i* he knew directly4 ,if ?is be true1 x may be ask$ :y ,piranesi's "w did n create 9 ,italy at lea/ sporadic attempts at a /yle analog\s to t ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,! reason = ?is lies 9 ! already m5tion$ condition ( ! ,italy ( t day1 = a "w ( art is absolutely condition$ by1 & a result (1 ! environm5t 9 :i* x occurs4 ,"h & !re a "w ( art may1 by "s ph5om5on1 occur 9 opposition1 or )\t app>5t relation1 to its surr\nd+s2 b 9 su* circum/ances x w h no successors1 j z an unusually h>dy orange-tree may ?rive f> to ! nor?1 b w n be> fruit & propagate itself4 ,a great critic has said3 8,!re is a reign+ direction1 :i* is t ( ! c5tury2 ^? tal5ts :o try to gr[ 9 an opposite direction f9d ! issue clos$2 ! pressure ( public _s & ( surr\nd+ mann]s compresses or turns !m aside by impos+ on !m a fix$ fl[]+40 ,! torpor & bad ta/e eng5d]$ 9 ,italy by political & intellectual oppression preclud$ ! "w ( ,piranesi f be>+ any fruit 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,/atue ( ,piranesi1 by ,angel9i1 assi/$ by ,piranesi's son1 & erect$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia 9 ,av5t9o 7,rome74 ,x faces ! great c&elabra :i* ,piranesi _h design$ to illum9ate 8 /atue4 ,?is plate 0 engrav$ by ,piranesi's son1 ,francesco1 9 #agij4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ai #ab in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,antique ,,m>ble ,,vase ,f 8,vasi4 ,c&elabri4 ,cippi4 ,s>c(agi4 ,tripodi4 ,luc]ne ed ,ornam5ti ,anti*i ,disegn4 ed inc4 dal ,cav4 ,gio4 ,batta4 ,piranesi40 7#aggh7 ,vol4 ,,ii1 plate ,no4 #gc4 ,piranesi's d$ication ( ?is plate reads3 8,al ,suo ,c>issimo ,amico ,il4 ,sig4 ,ricc>do ,hayw>d ,scuttore ,+lese40 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #bd #af in*es ,to ?9k1 on ! o!r h&1 t ,piranesi ex]t$ an influ5ce on ,fr5* art ( 8 day is n s fanciful z might at fir/ be suppos$4 ,if x be true1 z j /at$1 t x is impossible = ! "w ( an arti/ to produce any result :5 8 environm5t is ho/ile1 x is equally true t an arti/1 or a body ( arti/s1 c ex]t an enorm\s influ5ce :5 _! surr\nd+s favor & ! gr\nd is ready to receive ! se$ !y s[4 ,france 0 ripe = su* se$ z ,piranesi ca/ abroad va9ly 9 ,italy1 & 9 ! =m] c\ntry an incalculable influ5ce 9 ! creation ( ! ,l\is ,,xvi /yle 0 ex]t$ by ^? m5 :o accompani$ ,mme4 de ,pompad\r's bro!r1 ,abel ,poisson1 ,m>quis de ,m>igny1 on 8 travels 9 ,italy4 ,?ree ye>s previ\sly ?is great patron ( art _h caus$ h] bro!r to be appo9t$ to ! succession ( ! 8,sur9t5dance des ,beaux-,arts10 & aft] ?ree ye>s ( appr5tice%ip1 9 ord] to make himself wor?y ( ?is important & exalt$ position1 %e s5t him1 9 ! company ( a num]\s suite1 to ,italy 9 ,decemb]1 #agdi1 to complete 8 education by rema9+ !re until ,septemb]1 #agea4 ,9 8 foll[+ 7 ,s\fflot1 ! ar*itect1 & ,*>les ,ni*olas ,co*9 fils1 ! celebrat$ engrav]4 ,on 8 return f ,italy1 ,m4 de ,m>igny direct$ all ! works ( art und]tak5 by ! gov]nm5t ?r\gh\t ,france1 :ile ,s\fflot built ! *ur* ( ,/e4 ,g5evive1 n[ kn[n z ! ,pan?on1 & 0 "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s & influ5tial m5 9 ! _w ( art 9 8 day4 ,co*91 aside f be+ a great engrav]1 0 intellectually "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ arti/s ( ! day1 &1 z ,m4 de ,m>igny's "r-h& man1 wield$ an influ5ce almo/ incompreh5sible to u ( to-day4 ,! latt] "p ( 8 life1 he really rul$ 9 ,m4 de ,m>igny's /ead1 & 8 absolute dictator%ip 9 all matt]s ( art 9 ,france c only be comp>$ to t ( ,le ,brun "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,t 8 ,italian travels 7 ! decisive influ5ce ( ,co*9's c>e] is cle>ly %[n 9 8 own "w1 & is expressly /at$ by ,did]ot1 :o says ( him t1 8judge ev]y:]e else1 he 0 a s*ol> at ,rome40 ,s\fflot 0 only sev5 ye>s old] ?an ,piranesi1 & ,co*9 b five4 ,n[1 :5 ^! di/+ui%$ ,fr5*m5 7 9 ,rome1 ,piranesi 0 already fam\s & frequ5t$ ! mo/ int]e/+ arti/ic circles4 ,8 tal5ts & 8 rem>kably impetu\s p]sonality made him "o ( ! curiosities ( ,rome1 s t x is sc>cely cr$ible t ^! visit+ =eign]s %\ld n h se5 mu* ( him4 ,z _! express object 0 ! /udy ( antiquity1 & z no "o 9 ,rome knew m ( ! ru9s or _h s lively an en?usiasm = !m z ,piranesi1 x is c]ta9ly probable t he influ5c$ !m deeply4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,room1 ,,or ,,libr>y1 ,,( ,,e>l ,,mansfield',s ,,villa ,,at ,,k5wood ,rob]t ,adam1 ,ar*itect1 #agfg4 ,engrav$ by ,j4 ,zuc*i 9 #aggd ,f 8,! ,works 9 ,ar*itecture ( ,rob]t & ,james ,adam40 7,london1 #aggh7 ,illu/ration3 ,,ionic ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,ant]oom1 ,,) ,,! ,,re/ ,,( ,,! ,,detail ,,( ,,t ,,room ,,at ,,sion ,,h\se1 ,,! ,,seat ,,( ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,nor?umb]l& ,,9 ,,! ,,c\nty ,,( ,,middlesex ,rob]t ,adam1 ,ar*itect1 #agfa4 ,engrav$ by ,piranesi ,f 8,! ,works 9 ,ar*itecture ( ,rob]t & ,james ,adam40 7,london1 #aggh7 ,aside f ^! m51 ! li/ is long ( fam\s ,fr5*m5 :o /udi$ 9 ,rome dur+ ! height ( ,piranesi's arti/ic production1 & mu/ c]ta9ly h felt 8 influ5ce4 ,x includes ,augu/9 ,paj\1 ! sculptor1 :o w5t to ! ,villa ,mdicis z ,prix de ,rome 9 #agdh1 at eighte51 & :o aft]w>d decorat$ ! op]a built at ,v]sailles by ,ange ,gabriel1 ar*itect ( ! faultless build+s :i* ennoble ! ,place de la ,concorde2 ,jean ,jacques ,caffi]i1 ! sculptor1 :o 0 9 ,rome f #agdi to #agec2 ,*algr91 ,prix de ,rome 9 #ageh1 successor to ,s\fflot z ar*itect ( ! city ( ,p>is1 & ar*itect ( ,/4 ,philippe du ,r\le & ( ! ,arc de ,triomphe2 ,jean ,anto9e ,h\don1 ! sculptor1 ,prix de ,rome 9 #agfa1 at tw5ty1 :o came to ,am]ica ) ,frankl9 to execute ! /atue ( ,wa%+ton n[ 9 ,ri*mond2 & f9ally ,claude ,franois ,mi*el1 kn[n z ,clodion1 :o ga9$ ! ,prix de ,rome = sculpture 9 #agfc & fill$ :atev] he t\*$ ) unrival$ grace1 rais+ ! art ( t]ra-cotta figur9es to a degree ( lovel9ess no "o else ev] atta9$4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! ar*itects & sculptors did n conf9e !mselves to ar*itecture pure & simple1 z d our pr\d] & less tal5t$ contempor>ies4 ,) ! _s :i* animates all p]iods ( great art1 !y consid]$ no object too insignificant to be made lovely by _! tal5t4 ,!y decorat$ !at]s & h\ses1 design+ furniture1 clocks1 vases1 & e article ( daily life2 fill+ !m all ) ! consummate1 delicate art t rema9s ! despair ( all :o h foll[$4 ,if1 !re=e1 z is to be suppos$1 !y und]w5t ,piranesi's influ5ce :ile 9 ,rome1 x w\ld h made itself felt1 ?r\gh !m1 9 all ! decorative arts ( ,france4 ,if ,piranesi's influ5ce 9 ,france be a subject = hypo!sis1 9 ,engl& x c be decisively prov$ 9 ! case ( ! s-call$ ,adam /yle1 a vulg> c>icature ( :i* is at pres5t s preval5t 9 ,new ,york4 ,rob]t ,adam1 a ,scot*man :o /udi$ 9 ,rome1 0 s delightfully orig9al & adv5tur\s z to fit out an exp$ition to explore ! !n totally unkn[n ,palace ( ,diocletian at ,spalato 9 ,dalmatia4 ,he 0 also a fri5d ( ,piranesi1 :o d$icat$ 8 views ( ! ,campus ,m>tius to 8,rob]t ,adam1 a ,briti% cultivator ( ar*itecture1 z a pro( ( 8 affection40 ,n[ ,adam1 a man ( unusually al]t m9d & delicate ta/e1 0 a poor ar*itect1 ) a mo/ defective s5se ( proportion 9 ! composition ( a build+ z a :ole1 :o nev]!less possess$ unusual & di/9ctive tal5t z a decorator4 ,8 f9e ta/e l$ him to cov] 8 "w ) detail execut$ & (t5 conceiv$ by rem>kable p]sons1 s t mu* ( ! cr$it = orig9ality & delicacy giv5 to him is due1 z ) s _m an ar*itect1 to ! arti/s :om he _h ! clev]ness & good =tune to employ & ! ability to direct4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( 8 monum5tal book he 0 assi/$ by 8,eques ,j4 ,b4 ,piranesi10 z he !re signs himself1 :o actually engrav$ ?ree plates ) 8 own h&1 :ile ! r5d]+ ( e design 9 ! book %[s 8 influ5ce4 ,kn[+ ?is1 x is impossible to d\bt t ,adam's ta/e & /yle 7 pr(\ndly influ5c$ by1 & indebt$ to1 s orig9al & ma/]ly a m9d z t ( ,piranesi4 ,a comp>ison ( ,adam's book ) c]ta9 plates by ,piranesi w cle>ly %[ ! debt1 :ile a c>eful /udy ( only ?ree ( 8 compositions--namely1 ! title-page be=e m5tion$ z d$icat$ to ,adam & ! two plates inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiii--w 9 itself make cle> t mu* decorative "w call$ ei!r ,l\is ,,xvi or ,adam takes its =ms z well z its inspiration directly f ! creations ( ,giambatti/a ,piranesi4 ,piranesi's influ5ce c also be prov$ 9 ! case ( ,george ,dance1 ar*itect ( old ,newgate ,prison2 ( ,rob]t ,mylne1 ar*itect ( old ,blackfri>s ,bridge2 ( ,sir ,john ,soane1 ar*itect ( ! ,bank ( ,engl&2 & ( _m m4 ,! subject ( ,piranesi's influ5ce 9 ,engl& has be5 s exhau/ively treat$ by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,samuels 9 8 monograph z to make useless any attempt to reh&le ! subject "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,title-,,page ,,to 8,,il ,,campo ,,m>zio ,,dell' ,,antica ,,roma0 7,rome1 #agfb7 ,! d$ication to ,rob]t ,adam is ^u ! column to ! left ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ai #ac in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,piranesi4 ,,upp] ,,left-,,h& ,,portion1 ,,be>+ ,a ,,d$ication ,,to ,,rob]t ,,adam1 ,,( ,,piranesi',s ,,et*$ ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,campus ,,m>tius ,size ( ! orig9al et*+ 7( :i* ! above is a "p only71 #ec #de in*es ,/ill ano!r example ( ,piranesi's influ5ce is to be f\nd 9 ! sket*es ( ! pres5t-day ,g]man1 ,otto ,rie?1 ! orig9ality ( ^: draw+s is s vaunt$4 ,v tal5t$ & individual !y c]ta9ly are1 b to any "o ?or\ghly famili> ) ! ar*itectural fantasies ( ,piranesi1 ! s\rce ( inspiration is s obvi\s z to make x impossible t ,rie? %\ld n h kn[n ! "w ( 8 great ,italian pr$ecessor4 ,! influ5ce :i* ,piranesi ex]ts on ! cole des ,beaux-,arts1 & consequ5tly on ! lead+ contempor>y ar*itects ( bo? ,france & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is enorm\s1 if h>d to def9e4 ,! use ( detail :i* he furni%es is nev]-ceas+1 b m important ?an ?is is ! con/ant inspiration s\ght 9 a /udy ( ^? ar*itectural fantasies :i* he has fill$ ) ! qualities ( gr&eur & imm5sity s mu* valu$ by ! ,fr5* to-day4 ,! build+s ( ,new ,york are cov]$ ) motives ei!r inspir$ by ,piranesi or tak5 directly f 8 "w--ornam5t mu* ( :i* w\ld nev] h come into vogue b = him2 :ile a rec5t numb] ( a lead+ ar*itectural p]iodical1 )\t ackn[l$gm5t1 pr9t$ a design ( 8 = its cov]4 ,x is ard5tly to be hop$ t a wid] & m j appreciation ( ,piranesi's unique "w may gradually ga9 curr5cy4 ,m]e productiv5ess is1 ( c\rse1 ( no intr9sic value2 b t any human be+ %\ld be capable ( s va/ a labor z ,piranesi mu/ 9 itself excite 9 u a lively s5se ( wond] & admiration4 ,:51 moreov]1 x is f\nd t 8 "w1 9 addition to putt+ ! art ( ar*itecture "u an enorm\s debt1 is di/+ui%$ by imag9ation1 orig9ality1 sublimity1 & imm5se skill ( execution1--a c]ta9 portion ( x at lea/ possess+ ^! qualities to a degree unsurpass$ by any arti/ us+ ! p>ticul> m$ium employ$1--x is surely n unreasonable to attribute to _! creator ! r>e quality ( orig9al g5ius4 ,,note3 ,i desire to ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness to ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,samuel ( ,london1 bo? = mat]ial conta9$ 9 8 book & = p]sonal c\rtesy4 ,,francisco ,,goya ,y ,,luci5tes ,,by ,,*>les ,h4 ,,caff9 ,au?or ( 8,! ,/ory ( ,spani% ,pa9t+10 8,old ,spani% ,ma/]s1 ,engrav$ by ,timo?y ,cole10 etc41 etc4 ,! ph5om5on ( ,goya is among ! curiosities ( ! hi/ory ( art4 ,= 9 ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :51 "u ! feeble ,b\rbon dyna/y1 ,spa9 _h rea*$ ! l[e/ ebb ( h] national & arti/ic life1 an arti/ arose :o repres5t$ m ?an any o!r h] racial *>act]i/ics & 0 de/9$ to ex]t a _w-wide influ5ce on ! art ( ! succe$+ c5tury4 ,:ile ! re/ ( ,europe 0 see?+ ) ! _s ( revolution1 ,goya1 ! man1 0 already 9 revolt1 & at ! same "t _h discov]$ = himself a revolution>y =m ( art1 :i* anticipat$ by half a c5tury ! consci\sness else:]e ( ! ne$ ( a new me?od to fit ! new po9t ( view4 ,9 a ^w1 he drove an ent]+ w$ge into ! contempor>y classicalism t 0 bas$ ^u a dry imitation ( ,roman m>bles & ,raphaelesque compositions1 re/or$ nature to art1 & adapt$ 8 vision ( nature to ! _s ( inquiry1 obs]vation1 & rese>* t 0 9 process ( f]m5tation4 ,f9ally1 he adju/$ to 8 vision ( life a me?od ( composition1 fre] & m flexible ?an ! old] ones3 t 0 preoccupi$ less ) ! repres5tation ( =m ?an ) ! expression ( movem5t & "*2 its aim1 9 fact1 be+ prim>ily expressional4 ,?us he anticipat$ ! motive ( mod]n impressionism & det]m9$ 9 advance ! me?ods ( r5d]+ x4 ,no less rem>kable is ! degree 9 :i* he 0 an avat> ( ! m+l$ traits ( 8 race4 ,= e?nologically ! ,spani>d is a ,celt1 :o fir/ 0 discipl9$ by ,roman civilization1 !n m]g$ 9 ! flood ( a ,g]manic wave1 & lat] infus$ ) ! blood & culture ( ! ,arab & ! ,moor4 ,a truly wond]ful amalgam--! ironic humor ( ! ,celt2 ! my/icism1 vigor1 & grotesque imag9ation ( ! =e/-br$ ,go?2 ! subtle inv5tiv5ess1 s5su\sness1 & ab/raction ( ! ,ori5t1 & ! unc\? /ra9 ( ! ,black ,man1 :om to-day we are discov]+ to be ! flotsam ( a f>-(f subm]g$ civilization 9 ,d>ke/ ,africa4 ,all ^! traits are recognizable 9 ! "w ( ,goya t he did to please himself3 namely1 9 8 pa9t$ figure-subjects1 o!r ?an portraits1 & 9 8 draw+s & et*+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,goya1 ,,drawn ,,& ,,et*$ ,,by ,,himself ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #d in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,! ,,dead ,,bran* ,f 8,! ,prov]bs0 7,le=t ,no4 #abf7 ,a ref]5ce to ! ,spani% c\rt1 :i* re/s on a dead bran* ov] an abyss ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #ab in*es ,9 ! mod]n craze = mak+ ov] biographies ( pa/ wor?ies1 s z to br+ _! lives into con=mity ) ! /&>ds ( respectability 9 ! pres5t1 !re is a t5d5cy to sugge/ t _m ( ! records ( ,goya's c>e] may be apocryphal4 ,?is w\ld rob ! /ory ( art ( a v picturesque p]sonality2 "o1 moreov]1 :i* seems to be q conv9c+ly repres5t$ 9 8 art4 ,he 0 born 9 #agdf1 9 ! little t[n ( ,fu5detodos ne> ,z>agoza 9 ! prov9ce ( ,aragn1 8 fa!r be+ a small f>m]4 ,re>$ among ! hills1 he brea!d indep5d5ce1 ?rove mightily 9 bodily vigor1 & prov$ precoci\sly dispos$ to art4 ,accord+ly1 at ! age ( f\rte5 he 0 put "u a tea*]1 ,luzan1 9 ,z>agoza4 ,b x 0 nev] ,goya's way to take in/ruction f a spoon1 & at ?is p]iod he di/+ui%$ himself less z a /ud5t ?an z a roi/]+ "y fell[1 apt = gallantry & brawls & ready ) 8 rapi]4 ,hav+ drawn on himself ! att5tion ( ! au?orities ( ! ,inquisition1 he f\nd x conv5i5t to proce$ to ,madrid4 ,"h aga9 8 escapades ar\s$ notoriety1 s t he ab&on$ ! capital & set =? = ,rome1 work+ 8 way to ! sea-bo>d by practis+ z a bull-fight]4 ,9 ,rome he ma9ly n\ri%$ 8 arti/ic developm5t by obs]vation ( ! old ma/]pieces1 mean:ile indulg+ 9 gallantries1 :i* culm9at$ 9 a plot to rescue a "y lady f a conv5t4 ,?is "t he f\nd himself actually 9 ! grip ( ! ,inquisition & 0 only releas$ f x by ! ,spani% ambassador1 :o und]took to %ip him back to ,spa94 ,arriv$ ! second "t 9 ,madrid he f\nd a fri5d 9 ! pa9t] ,francisco ,bayeu1 :o gave him 8 daught]1 ,josefa1 9 m>riage & introduc$ him to ,m5gs1 ! arbit] ( art at ,c\rt4 ,josefa bore him tw5ty *ildr51 none ( :om surviv$ him1 & pati5tly put up ) 8 infidelities4 ,m5gs _h be5 urg$ by ! k+1 ,*>les ,,iii1 to revive ! ,tape/ry ,works ( ,santa ,b>b>a1 & intru/$ ,goya ) a s]ies ( designs1 :i* to-day may be se5 9 ! basem5t gall]ies ( ! ,prado1 :ile "s ( !m1 execut$ 9 ! weave1 adorn ! walls ( a room 9 ! ,escoril4 ,! vogue at ! "t 0 = ,b\*]'s pretty pa/oral ineptitudes1 b ,goya took a h9t f ,t5i]s & repres5t$ ! actual pa/imes ( ! ,spani% p4 ,he1 h[ev]1 f> out/ripp$ ! ,flemi% arti/ 9 ! v>iety1 naturalness1 & vivacity ( 8 subjects1 :ile 9 ! matt] ( composition he %[$ himself already a /ud5t ( ! h>monies ( nature r ?an a p]petuator ( /udio traditions4 ,^! designs secur$ 8 g5]al popul>ity & pav$ ! way = 8 entre into royal favor at ! accession ( ,*>les ,,iv 9 #aghh4 ,goya1 turn$ =ty1 0 already ! d>l+ ( ! populace & n[ became ! cynosure ( ! ,c\rt4 ,he w\ld pit 8 pr[ess aga9/ ! pr(essional /rong man 9 ! /reets ( ,madrid & plung$ ) equal aplomb & assurance into ! gallantries ( ! royal circle1 :i* 0 a hotb$ ( intrigue "u ! lax rgime ( ,que5 ,m>ia ,luisa1 ^: am\rs 7 notori\s4 ,=emo/ among h] lov]s 0 ,manuel ,godoy1 :om %e rais$ f ! rank ( a gu>dsman ev5tually to be prime m9i/]4 ,he embroil$ 8 c\ntry 9 a w> ) ,engl&1 & f9ally ratt$ to ,napoleon1 conniv+ at ! invasion ( ! ,fr5* troops & ! plac+ ( ,joseph ,bonap>te on ! ?rone ( ,spa94 ,mean:ile1 9 ! int]val be=e ?is dbcle1 ,goya1 :ile dipp+ into intrigue1 notably ) ! beautiful ,c\ntess ( ,alba1 & e/abli%+ 8 position z an arti/ to :om e "o :o w\ld be anybody mu/ sit = a portrait1 ma9ta9$ an attitude ( haughty m5tal exclusiv5ess4 ,he 0 ! rebel1 ! insurg5t1 ! nihili/2 la%+ ) ! imp>tial :ip ( 8 satire ! rott5ness ( ! ,c\rt & ! %ams & hypocrisies ( ! ,middle ,class1 ! ,*ur*1 ,law1 ,m$ic9e1 & ev5 ,pa9t+4 ,also1 l _m devotees ( s5sual pleasures1 he 0 hot 9 8 d5unciation ( lu/1 a t]rible expon5t ( its consequ5ces 9 satiety & sapp$ vitality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,back ,,to ,,8 ,,ance/ors6 8,poor animal6 ,! g5ealogi/s & ! k+s ( h]aldry h muddl$ 8 bra91 & he is n ! only "o40 ,manuel ,godoy1 satiriz$ 9 ?is pr9t1 _h a long & fictiti\s g5ealogy made = himself1 accord+ to :i* he 0 a direct desc5dant ( ! anci5t ,go?ic k+s ( ,spa94 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #ci74 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 8,,birds ,,( ,a ,,fea!r ,,flock ,,toge!r0 8,! "q is (t5 rais$ :e!r m5 or wom5 are sup]ior4 ,! vices ( ei!r proce$ f bad upbr++2 :]e ! m5 are deprav$ ! wom5 likewise are deprav$40 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #e74 ,?is la/ is ! !me ( "o ( 8 mo/ horribly arre/+ subjects 9 oils1 an allegory ( ! ,fates1 :]e9 lu/ & its accompany+ exhau/ion repres5t ! futility ( man's exi/5ce4 ,x is pa9t$ 9 colors ( extreme neutrality t almo/ am\nt to mono*rome4 ,?us x illu/rates a dictum ( ,goya's t color no m ?an l9e exi/s 9 nature2 !re are only diff]5ces ( light & %ade4 ,x accord+ly prep>es "o = an appreciation ( 8 et*+s1 9 :i* aquat9t plays s intr9sically important a rle4 ,z a pa9t] he _h begun ) positive hues--to ab&on !m1 z soon z he rea*$ 8 maturity1 = a sp>+ use ( color & a lib]al diff]5tiation ( color values4 ,9 ?is he 0 foll[+ ,velasquez1 :om he admitt$ to be "o ( 8 tea*]s1 ! o!rs be+ ,rembr&t & nature4 ,x 0 ,rembr&t1 unque/ionably1 :o help$ him to a vision ( nature t r$uc$ itself to ! pr9ciple ( light & d>k2 b f nature h]self he ga9$ corroboration ( ! ess5tial tru? ( su* a vision4 ,h[ true x is ! arti/ ( ! pres5t day has le>n$ f ,goya4 ,l ! latt]1 he sees color 9 nature n z positive hues1 b z a complex weave ( v>y+ int5sities ( light & %ade t play ov] & trans=m ! hues4 ,x is by ! correlation ( ^! v>y+ values t he builds up ! /ructure & secures ! planes ( 8 composition1 & realizes a unity & h>mony ( ensemble4 ,& x is 9 ,goya's et*+s t he f9ds ^! pr9ciples ( color 9 relation to composition repres5t$ ) mo/ adequate reliance on simplification1 organization1 & expression--! ?ree wat*words ( contempor>y arti/s :o are work+ 9 ! late/ mod]n _s4 ,expression is ! keynote ( ,goya's et*+s1 z x is ( 8 pa9t+s4 ,x is ! quality ( feel+ r ?an ( see+ t is int]pret$4 ,?us1 9 ! oil pa9t+ ( ! ,maja1 ,nude1 x 0 ,goya's int5t n s mu* to repres5t ! "y =m z to int]pret ! expression ( its y\? ?r\gh ! play ( light & %ad[ on ! supple torso & limbs2 an expression s exquisitely subtle & t5d] t x defies ! copyi/'s attempt$ imitation & eludes ! res\rces ( photographic reproduction4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! spl5did impressionism ( ! gr\p-portrait ( ,*>les ,,iv & 8 family x is n ! appe>ance ( ! jewels1 clu/]$ on ! brea/s ( ! royal pair1 b ! effect ( _! lu/] t he design$ to r5d]4 ,& s ?r\gh\t 8 draw+s & et*+s ! prime purpose is n to repres5t ! ?+ se5 b to sugge/ its effect ^u ! feel+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,goya's et*$ "w1 z catalogu$ 9 #aijg by ,julius ,h(mann1 comprises #bfh pieces4 ,^! include #bb ,v>i\s ,subjects2 #af ,/udies aft] ,velasquez2 #hc ,caprices2 #ba ,prov]bs2 #hb ,disa/]s ( ,w> & #dd ,tauroma*ies1 or ,sc5es f ! ,bull-,fight4 ,to ?is li/ ( engrav$ "w are to be add$ #bj li?ographs4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! gr\ps is ,los ,capri*os1 et*$ 9 #agid-agih b n publi%$ until #ahjc4 ,^! ,caprices repres5t ! mo/ spontane\s expression ( ,goya's temp]am5t & ( 8 attitude t[>d ! life & ! society ( 8 day4 ,at ! same "t1 ! designs1 z 9 ! case ( all 8 et*+s & li?ographs1 7 execut$ ) due delib]ation1 work$ out previ\sly 9 draw+s 9 :i* e effect 0 c>efully calculat$ & assur$4 ,) correspond+ fidelity ! draw+s 7 copi$ on ! plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,!y ,,h ,,kidnapp$ ,,h] 8,! woman :o does n "k h[ to gu>d h]self is ! fir/ to be attack$4 ,& x is only :5 !re is no long] "t to protect h]self t %e is a/oni%$ t %e 0 c>ri$ (f40 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #h74 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 8,,bon ,,voyage60 8,:]e g !y across ! %ad[s1 ?is inf]nal cohort :i* makes ! air r+ ) _! cries8 ,if only !re 7 daylight-- 444 ,!n x w\ld be ano!r ?+3 because ) a gun we c\ld br+ !m d[n4444 ,b x is night & nobody c see !m40 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #fd74 ,x is 9 ?is set t ! creative quality ( ,goya's imag9ation is mo/ demon/rat$4 ,he c\ld n only summon visions f ! void1 b clo! !m 9 conv9c+ %ape4 ,:e!r he /ret*$ "s human type to ! limit ( c>icature or inve/$ x ) attributes ( bird1 bea/1 or reptile1 or us$ "s famili> =m ( animal1 or creat$ a hybrid mon/]1 he _h ! faculty ( giv+ x an actuality t makes x seem reasonable4 ,z to ! mean+ ( ! subjects1 ! titles :i* he himself gave !m furni%1 except 9 a few in/ances1 an intelligible clue4 ,pr9ts ( ?is set 7 br\ght to ,engl& by (fic]s engag$ 9 ! ,p59sul> ,w> & lat] f\nd _! way to ,p>is & ex]cis$ a v consci\s influ5ce ^u ,delacroix4 ,= !y n only e*o$ ! turbul5ce ( 8 own _s1 b help$ him to give expression to 8 own visions ( ! horrible & fanta/ic4 ,! be/ pro(s are ^? ( ! fir/ edition1 _m ( :i* 7 pull$ by ! arti/ himself4 ,! ,prov]bs1 al?\gh engrav$ betwe5 #ahjj & #ahaj1 7 n publi%$ until #ahej4 ,:ile _! subjects are (t5 difficult to compreh5d1 !y %[ g5]ally a m>k$ te*nical advance ov] ! previ\s "w4 ,?is is app>5t n only 9 ! "* ( ! draw+1 b also 9 ! increas$ simplification & m highly organiz$ arrangem5t ( ! composition4 ,"s ( ! latt]1 z = example 9 ! case ( ,! ,infuriat$ ,/allion & ,! ,bird-,m51 pres5t designs ( extraord9>y di/9ction4 ,! la/ pr9ts ( ,la ,tauroma*ie are dat$ #ahae4 ,?is s]ies falls %ort ( ! o!rs 9 e/hetic int]e/1 be+ m conspicu\sly illu/rative4 ,x 01 inde$1 design$ to repres5t ! v>i\s phases ?r\gh :i* ! bait+ ( bulls 9 ,spa9 _h pass$4 ,beg9n+ ) ! e>ly hunt+ ( ! bull 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 bo? on horseback & on foot1 x proce$s to ! me?ods introduc$ by ! ,moors1 :o are repres5t$ 9 ! attire ( ,turks4 ,!nce x gradually traces ! developm5t ( a precise sci5ce & te*nique 9 ! managem5t ( ! sport & incid5tally commemorates ! pr[ess ( individual bull-fight]s1 beg9n+ ) ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 & pass+ to well-kn[n pr(essional toreadors4 ,contempor>y pro(s ( ,goya are v r>e2 & x 0 n until #ahee t a complete set 0 publi%$ 9 ,madrid4 ,a lat] issue1 includ+ sev5 extra pr9ts1 0 publi%$ by ,loizelet 9 ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,! ,,infuriat$ ,,/allion ,f 8,! ,prov]bs0 7,le=t ,no4 #acc7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #ab in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,! ,,bird-,,m5 ,f 8,! ,prov]bs0 7,le=t ,no4 #acf7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #ab in*es ,( ! ,disa/]s ( ,w> no pr9ts exi/ prior to ^? ( ! set publi%$ by ! ,academy ( ,san ,f]n&o 9 #ahfc4 ,et*$ dur+ #ahaj & ! succe$+ ye>s ( ! ,p59sul> ,w>1 ! ,disa/]s are reg>d$ z ! f9e/ products ( ,goya's ne$le4 ,yet he 0 sixty-f\r ye>s old :5 he comm5c$ !m4 ,?\gh he _h subscrib$ to ! ,bonap>te rgime & /ill held ! position ( ,c\rt pa9t]1 he liv$ ap>t f active affairs 9 ! seclusion ( 8 c\ntry home4 ,! pr9ts are inspir$ by 8 c\ntry's suff]+s1 b he did n publi% !m4 ,to d s w\ld h be5 to raise a prote/ aga9/ ! crime ( ! ,fr5* invasion & to /ir 8 c\ntrym5 to increas$ patriotism4 ,"u ! circum/ances ( 8 equivocal position ,goya may h ?\ght su* a c\rse impolitic4 ,p]haps he felt ! national condition to be hopeless4 ,at any rate1 he clos$ himself ar\nd 9 an atmosph]e ( pr(\nd pessimism4 8,0 x = ?is !y 7 born80 is ! leg5d b5ea? "o ( ! pr9ts :i* %[s a heap ( mangl$ corpses4 ,x is ! note ( ! :ole s]ies--! crim9al horror ( w>1 & its futility4 ,n[h]e else is ! elem5t ( ! macabre 9 8 g5ius m fully reveal$4 ,! designs are 9 no s5se illu/rative2 !y are visions ( 8 own brood+1 project$ aga9/ d>kness & empt9ess4 ,yet1 j z 9 ! ,caprices he gave bone & fle% to ! e]y fabrics ( 8 imag9ation1 s by ! magic ( 8 ne$le 8 ab/ract imag9+s ( ! enormity ( w> became visualiz$ into concrete actuality4 ,( ,goya's li?ographs x mu/ suffice "h to m5tion ! set ( f\r pr9ts1 ,! ,bulls ( ,bordeaux4 ,!y 7 execut$ 9 t city 9 #ahbe4 ,= aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,fr5* by ,well+ton & ! re/oration ( ! ,b\rbon dyna/y 9 ! p]son ( ,f]d9& ,,vii1 ,goya aga9 turn$ 8 coat4 8,= y\r treason y des]ve to be hang$10 rem>k$ ! new k+1 8b y are a great arti/ & ,i ov]look ! pa/40 ,he 0 reappo9t$ ,c\rt pa9t]2 b1 brok5 9 heal? & spirits1 s deaf t he c\ld no long] indulge 8 musical ta/e 9 play+1 he obta9$ ! k+'s p]mission to retire to ,bordeaux1 :]e he 0 c>$ = by a ,madame ,weiss & h] daught]4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is "t t he visit$ ,p>is & 0 en?usia/ically welcom$ by ,delacroix & ! o!r ,romantici/s4 ,:5 he drew ,! ,bulls ( ,bordeaux he 0 9 8 sev5ty-n9? ye> & able to "w only ) ! aid ( a p[]ful magnify+-glass4 ,yet ! pr9ts 9 _! int5se & vigor\s movem5t %[ no slack5+ ( arti/ic p[]4 ,he di$ ?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #ahbh1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! cemet]y ( ,bordeaux4 ,aft] ly+ !re = sev5ty-"o ye>s1 8 body 0 claim$ by 8 c\ntry & int]r$ ) honors 9 ,madrid4 ,= by ?is "t ! mod]n _w ( art _h recogniz$ ,goya's greatness & its own indebt$ness to 8 g5ius4 99 99 99 99 99 ,goya's et*+s reveal him a great ma/] ( design4 ,! v]satility ( 8 inv5tion sugge/s ! exub]ance ( nature1 yet calculat$ art det]m9es ea* composition4 ,x is ar*itectonic1 organic1 functional2 possess+ ! quality ( a built-up /ructure1 ) p]fect correlation ( its p>ts & absolute adju/m5t ( means to end4 ,moreov]1 x c>ries ! f9al m>k ( di/9ction 9 t x appe>s to h gr[n3 x has ! vitality1 movem5t1 & "* ( a liv+ organism4 ,x is discov]$ to be ! product ( a new mat+ ( nature & geometry1 inspir$ by a wid] & m p5etrat+ obs]vation ( ! =m] & a m ext5d$ & imag9ative use ( ! latt]4 ,h5ce1 at times x /rangely anticipates :at we are n[ famili> ) 9 ,ori5tal composition4 ,mo/ rem>kable also is ! pla/ic quality1 :i* is realiz$ n only 9 ! ensemble b also 9 ! compon5t p>ts4 ,goya's compositions are no m]e patt]n+ ( surfaces1 b an example ( actual space-fill+1 9 ! true s5se t !y occupy ! ?ird dim5sion4 ,! sub/ance ( 8 =ms & _! position 9 space are s concretely realiz$ t !y mo/ actively excite ! tactile s5se4 ,& yet1 = all _! concret5ess1 !y are p]meat$ ) a quality ( ab/raction4 ,?us !y fasc9ate alike by _! actuality & _! sugge/ion ( a vision4 ,!y are frequ5tly hide\s1 b 9 _! capacity ( s5se-enhancem5t & 9 _! /imulus to ! e/hetic intellectuality !y are beautiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,good ,,advice 8,& ?is advice is wor?y ( h] :o gives x4 ,worse yet is ! damsel :o foll[s x to ! lett]1 & mis=tune to ! fir/ "o :o acco/s h]60 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #ae74 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,god ,,=give ,,h]--,,x',s ,,h] ,,own ,,"m6 8,! damsel :ile "y left h] native l&1 s]v$ h] appr5tice%ip 9 ,cadiz1 & is n[ return$ to ,madrid4 ,%e has drawn a prize 9 ! lott]y1 goes "o day to ! ,prado1 & is acco/$ by an old & decrepit begg>--%e repulses h]2 ! begg> woman insi/s4 ,! beauty turns & recognizes h]--?is poor old woman is h] "m40 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #af74 ,& ! beauty ( ^! compositions is mat]ially increas$ by ! s5se ( color :i* !y sugge/4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ,goya's influ5ce aquat9t is com+ l>gely into vogue ) mod]n et*]s2 b he ) ?is process1 & 8 contempor>y1 ,turn]1 ) mezzot9t1 7 ! fir/ to explore fully ! res\rces ( t9t 9 comb9ation ) l9e4 ,! ,engli% arti/1 h[ev]1 us$ x ma9ly z a conv5i5t me?od ( repres5tation4 ,9 ,goya's h& x became a m$ium ( intellectual & emotional expression1 comp>able to tone 9 music4 ,goya1 9 fact1 by 8 /udy ( nature1 advanc$ ! circle ( 8 art1 s t1 on ! "o h&1 x embrac$ m ( ! univ]sal geometry &1 on ! o!r1 int]sect$ m freely ! circles ( ! o!r arts4 ,?us he anticipat$ ! late/ mod]n ?\ght1 9 its consci\sness ( ! ess5tial unity ( ! arts & ( ! ess5tial unity ( art ) life4 ,a ,,note ,,on ,,goya ,,by ,,william ,m4 ,,iv9s1 ,,jr4 ,no o!r arti/ 9 black & :ite has ev] exhibit$ su* trem5d\s vitality z ,goya4 ,look back along ! l9e1 & !re is no mak] ( pr9ts :o has put into !m ! same exub]ant1 full-blood$ delight 9 life4 ,= %e] physical /r5g? ,mantegna only may be comp>$ ) him4 ,&1 /rangely1 ) ?is (t5 almo/ deliri\s ov]fl[ ( animal spirits !re is ! mo/ rem>kable s5sitiv5ess to ! significance ( ge/ure4 ,:o1 except ,hokusai1 has ev] express$1 9 black & :ite1 weight--! heav9ess ( tir$ bodies1 ! lead5 fall ( an unconsci\s woman's arm1 or ! buoyancy ( excitem5t--z ?is ,spani>d8 ,:o has ev] made motion s mov+--made "y limbs s supple1 ela/ic1 & graceful8 ,8 e l9e is k9etic--he does n relate motion1 he exhibits x--& 9 art z else:]e de$s are wor? m ?an words4 ,= s5sitiv5ess to ! beauty ( ! human body1 = curi\s rese>* 9 ! e/hetic inv]sion1 ! beauty ( ! hide\s1 ,goya /&s alone4 ,no "o1 n ev5 ,leon>do1 has plumb$ s deep 9 ! hidd5 %ad[y p>ts4 ,no "o has s pictur$ fe>--!atricalities a pl5ty--b only "h real t]ror4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,love ,,& ,,dea? 8,"h is a lov] :o1 l ^? 9 ,cald]on1 because he c\ld n refra9 f mock+ 8 rival1 is dy+ 9 ! arms ( 8 belov$1 & by 8 tem]ity has lo/ all4 ,x is n well to draw ! sword too (t540 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #aj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,goya4 ,,hunt+ ,,= ,,tee? 8,! tee? ( ^? :o h be5 hang$ are v efficaci\s 9 br++ luck4 ,)\t ?is +r$i5t no?+ wor? :ile c be done4 ,is x n pitiful t ! common folk believe su* fooli%ness80 ,f 8,! ,caprices0 7,le=t ,no4 #ab74 ,on ! purely te*nical side--! broad mass+ ( %>ply contra/$ light & %ade1 ! ability to tell a tale ) ! simple/ means1 ! in/9ctive *oice ( ! pictorially dramatic detail--,rembr&t & ,goya /& alone4 ,on ano!r side t is purely te*nical1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ,goya is ! only "o :o has avail$ himself ( all ! possibilities ( aquat9t--! only "o :o has us$ ! m$ium ) audacity & resolution & success2 ! only "o :o has d>$ use x to express p[]ful & fundam5tal ?+s4 ,goya1 bo? 9 himself & = 8 influ5ce1 is "o ( ! greate/ arti/s t ! _w has se5 ^! la/ hundr$ & fifty ye>s--& 8 greate/ "w is 8 black & :ite4 ,,! ,,et*+s ,,( ,,=tuny ,,by ,,royal ,,cortissoz ,lit]>y & ,art ,editor ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune ,! et*+s ( ,=tuny make an invit+ !me1 invit+ 9 itself & d\bly sympa!tic because x provokes talk ab\t ,=tuny4 ,i h always _h a weakness = t ende>+ p]sonality & ,i _c1 = ! life ( me1 g ) foot-rule & a _s ( cold analysis ?r\gh ! tw5ty-five or ?irty plates--tw5ty-n9e1 to be exact--record$ 9 ! useful comp5dium ( ,b]aldi4 ,y _c be p$antic ab\t an arti/ ^: "w has meant to y an e>ly en?usiasm & a lifelong s5se ( gaiety & brilliance4 ,! fir/ "w ( art ,i ev] ye>n$ to possess 0 a draw+ by ,=tuny4 ,i did n get x into my h&s4 ,! spell fad$1 b x 0 reviv$1 & long aft]w>d x involv$ me 9 an en*ant+ task4 ,9 ,p>is1 "o summ]1 ! late ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton ask$ me to write a memoir ( ,=tuny & = two ye>s ,i sp5t a good deal ( my leisure go+ hi!r & yon1 collect+ mat]ial4 ,! book nev] got itself writt51 = reasons :i* ,i f\nd bo? pa!tic & comic4 ,too mu* ( ! 8mat]ial0 a=esaid prov$ too he>t-break+ly exp5sive4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton & ,i & 8 ,london publi%]1 ! late ,mr4 ,seeley1 ruefully conclud$ z we c\nt$ up ! figures1 t1 humor\sly speak+1 ru9 />$ u 9 ! face4 ,we turn$ to o!r ?+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=tuny4 ,,arab ,,wat*+ ,,beside ,,! ,,dead ,,body ,,( ,,8 ,,fri5d 7,b]aldi ,no4 #a7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #ae in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,=tuny4 ,,idyll 7,b]aldi ,no4 #d7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #e in*es ,t1 z ,i h said1 0 ye>s ago1 b e n[ & !n ,i g back to ,=tuny1 = old sake's sake if = no o!r reason1 ?\gh he 01 ( c\rse1 a rem>kable arti/ to :om "o w\ld be b\nd1 anyway1 frequ5tly to return4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 8 g5ius has ne$$1 ( late1 to be re/or$ to ! public consci\sness4 ,:5 ! ,impressioni/s came 91 ,=tuny1 or p]haps ,i %\ld m specifically say1 ! hypo!sis = :i* he /ood1 w5t out4 ,"o ( ! results ( my und]/&+ ) ,mr4 ,ham]ton 0 a s]ies ( visits to ! palazzo 9 ,v5ice :i* is /ill ! home ( ,=tuny's family1 & !re y f\nd a contra/ t 0 full ( mean+4 ,on ! piano nobile ,=tuny's art held its own 9 num]\s unf9i%$ pictures1 sket*es1 & ! l4 ,b1 up-/airs1 9 8 son's /udio1 all 0 *ang$4 ,:5 "y ,m>ianito s\ght inspiration z a pa9t]1 he did n foll[ 9 8 fa!r's foot/eps1 b w5t to ,muni*1 & on 8 walls ,i saw huge canvases illu/rat+ ,wagn]ian motives 9 a huge & spla%y mann]1 /rongly sugge/ive ( ,franz ,/uck & 8 foll[]s4 ,i confess t at ?is di/ance ( "t ,i d n recall v accurately j :at !y 7 all ab\t2 b ,i c rememb] z ?\gh x 7 ye/]day h[ extremely diff]5t !y 7 f ! pa9t+s d[n-/airs4 ,( c\rse no "o c\ld blame ,m>ianito4 ,an arti/ mu/ seek salvation 9 8 own way4 ,b x is impossible n to feel a c]ta9 indignation ov] ! ignorance ( ^? :o h tri$ to wave ,=tuny aside z a pa9t] ( bric-a-brac4 ,we saw too mu* ( t sort ( ?+ :5 ! works ( ,sorolla & ,zuloaga 7 %[n at ! ,hispanic ,museum & p w5t into hy/]ics ov] !m1 talk+ especially ab\t h[ ! fir/ ( ^! pa9t]s 0 rejuv5at+ ,spani% art4 ,i us$ to he> su* talk 9 ,madrid1 "s fifte5 ye>s ago1 among/ ! y\ng] m5 :o 7 ev5 !n hail+ ,sorolla z a pione]4 ,!y 7 "r1 & x is "r1 z ,i h argu$ else:]e1 to recognize 9 ?is pa9t]'s "w an influ5ce ( ! highe/ value to ! mod]n ,spani% s*ool4 ,b !re 7 great m5 be=e ,agamemnon1 & x is /upid to ignore :at 0 done = ,spani% pa9t+ by ,=tuny long be=e any "o ev] he>d ( ,sorolla4 ,i h great respect & pl5ty ( admiration = t accompli%$ te*nician1 & yet ,i ?9k t he himself1 if press$ 9 ! matt]1 w\ld *e]fully admit t no?+ he ev] pa9t$ c\ld q t\* ! portrait 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,a ,spani% ,lady1 :i* ,=tuny pa9t$ 9 #ahfe4 ,outside ( ,france t 0 n a p>ticul>ly good ye> among/ pa9t]s1 b ,=tuny1 !n tw5ty-sev5 ye>s old1 0 prov+ himself n unwor?y ( ,velasquez4 ,he 0 draw+ ) ma/]y & he 0 pa9t+ blacks ) amaz+ skill & ta/e1 ) amaz+ s5sitiv5ess to ! beauties ly+ entangl$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ difficult ( a colori/'s problems4 ,inde$1 ,i may note 9 pass+ t ?is picture alone w\ld %[ ,=tuny to h en=c$ lessons 9 tone :i* no ,spani>d s9ce 8 "t1 n ev5 ! prodigi\sly clev] ,sorolla1 has begun to comm5ce to prep>e to equal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=tuny4 ,,! ,,s]5ade 7,b]aldi ,no4 #aj7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ae #ab in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,=tuny4 ,a ,,moroccan ,,seat$ 7,b]aldi ,no4 #ai7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #d in*es ,!re are _m o!r pa9t+s ( 8 ov] :i* x w\ld be pleasant to l+]1 b1 hav+ ! et*+s 9 view1 ,i =be>4 ,at ! same "t ,i h driv5 at no?+ irrelevant 9 speak+ ( ,=tuny's comm& ov] ! bru%1 = t is v closely relat$ to 8 comm& ov] ! ne$le4 ,x is important to rememb]1 9 ! fir/ place1 t he 0 a born draughtsman4 ,! fact 0 br\ght home to me :5 ,i made a pilgrimage to ,b>celona1 to see ! big ,moroccan battle-piece :i* he pa9t$ = ! municipality n long aft] he _h won ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,i saw 9 ! spirit$ picture ! ,=tuny we all "k1 b ,i saw also1 9 "s e>li] pieces1 ! k9d ( academic "w t he did "u ! influ5ce ( old ,sob]ano1 8 ma/] at ,reus1 :]e he 0 born 9 #ahch4 ,yes1 x 0 academic "w1 b x 0 ! "w ( a y\ng/] ( g5ius :o _h a flair = =m & drew x ) a/oni%+ adroitness4 ,!re1 to be sure1 y h ! ess5ce ( ,=tuny1 m ev5 ?an 9 ! glitt] ( light & color conv5tionally associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,! arti/s & critics :o ?9k t ! hi/ory ( pa9t+ began ) ,manet are wont to damn ,=tuny ) fa9t praise1 talk+ ab\t 8 dext]ity z ?\gh t 7 a v ord9>y & p]haps speci\s gift4 ,well1 !re is a dext]ity1 !re is a sleight ( h&1 z hone/ z any?+ t y w f9d 9 ,manet1 & ,=tuny _h x4 ,!re are mom5ts1 no d\bt1 9 :i* x takes y\r brea? away z ?\gh by "s deceptive /roke ( conjuror's "w4 ,b at bottom !re is a /]l+ s9c]ity ab\t x1 & ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is %>ply p]ceptible 9 ! et*+s4 ,p>adoxically1 ^! d n proclaim ,=tuny :at ! ma/] ( et*+ is wont to be--a lov] ( l9e = its own sake1 a us] ( x z a language possess+ its own special "* & *>m4 ,rembr&t's /r5g? & ,:i/l]'s exquisit5ess 7 alike unkn[n to him4 ,! tru? is t ,=tuny employ$ ! ne$le some:at z he employ$ ! p51 simply = purposes ( swift & free expression4 ,!re are "s bewit*+ draw+s ( 81 reproduc$ by ! ,am&-,dur& process 9 ! memoir by ,b>on ,davilli]1 & !re are o!rs 9 ! catalogue ( ! great sale ( 8 /udio effects 9 #ahge1 :i*1 = ! impression !y leave1 might almo/ be reg>d$ z et*+s4 ,! impression 9 ei!r category is v mu* "o ( 8black-&-:ite40 ,has n ,=tuny be5 ! ma/] ( a g5]ation ( illu/rators8 ,nev]!less 8 draw+s & 8 et*+s are n absolutely int]*angeable4 ,9 ! latt] !re is too mu* ( ! pa9t] = t2 8 figures are too closely model$ & 8 backgr\nds are too transp>5t4 ,"s ( 8 plates1 su* z ,! ,s]5ade1 ,! ,an*orite1 ! ,kabyle ,mort1 & ,! ,f>ri]1 are wond]fully ri* 9 color su* z no p5 draughtsman c\ld secure4 ,he knew h[ to fill 8 backgr\nds ) deep w>m tone1 & he c\ld use ! same vivify+ t\* 9 8 treatm5t ( ! figure4 ,x is wor? :ile to g c>efully ?r\gh ! little collection ( et*+s t he left1 look+ m p>ticul>ly = ^? r ?9 /accato effects :i* 8 imitators affect--"o is s delightfully disappo9t$4 ,i h spok5 ( 8 s9c]ity1 8 hone/y4 ,among/ all ! plates !re is only "o1 ,la ,victoire1 :i* h9ts a contradiction4 ,!re is some?+ factiti\s ab\t ! composition1 recall+ ! ,sicilian nudities hawk$ ab\t by ! photograph]s 9 ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,b ev5 ?is et*+ has und5iable brilliance z a piece ( te*nique1 &1 = ! re/1 ,=tuny is ! q artless connoisseur ( picturesqu5ess1 et*+ 8 ,moori% types & 8 portraits 9 ! mood ( ! s]i\s obs]v] ( nature aim+ at ! tru?4 ,on two or ?ree occasions he appe>s to h let 8 fancy rove4 ,8 ,amateur de ,j>d9 & 8 ,mditation bo? belong among/ ^? graceful /udies ( co/ume & pseudo-romantic s5tim5t ) :i* 8 pa9t+s h made u s famili>4 ,& once he turn$ poet 9 a small way1 et*+ t *>m+ ,idylle :i* may reflect no emotion :atev]1 b has1 at all ev5ts1 a c]ta9 da9ty elegance2 b d n ?9k t ,=tuny 0 really a poet4 ,x 0 n 9 8 temp]am5t4 ,he 0 s5su\s1 mundane1 9 ! s\l ( him2 ! v man to enjoy j ! c>e] t fell to 8 lot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=tuny4 ,a ,,horse ,,( ,,morocco 7,b]aldi ,no4 #bj7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,=tuny4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,sa9t ,,joseph1 ,,madrid 7,b]aldi ,no4 #ba7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #i in*es ,new ,york]s w recall ! sale "h ( ! collection =m$ by ! late ,w4 ,h4 ,/ew>t 9 ,p>is1 ! 8,*] ,monsieur ,guill]mo0 ( m ?an "o ( ! arti/'s lett]s pr9t$ by ,davilli]4 ,x 0 full ( ,=tunys1 :i* made a dazzl+ array :5 !y 7 put up at auction4 ,b x 0 bett] to see !m scatt]$ ab\t 9 ,mr4 ,/ew>t's home by ! ,se9e1 & !re !y brea!d ! atmosph]e ( a cle>ly def9$ "*4 ,y did n ?9k ( ,=tuny 9 ,spa91 quietly pa9t+ at ,granada2 y did n ?9k ( him on ! m adv5tur\s soil ( ,morocco1 nor did y dwell on ?\ghts ( 8 days 9 ,rome & on ! bea* at ,portici4 ,y ?\ght1 in/ead1 ( ! ,=tuny :o took ! collectors ( ,p>is by /orm1 :o mov$ ,?ophile ,gauti] to jewel$ eloqu5ce1 :o 0 "y1 successful1 & happy1 :o _h a great gift & us$ x truly ) a gaill>d grace4 ,he 0 n ! speci\s ent]ta9]1 bemus+ 8 audi5ce ) incr$ible tricks4 ,all 8 wiz>dry1 all 8 diabolical clev]ness1 0 q natural to him1 spr++ f 8 he>t & 9 no wise dim9i%+ 8 weight & s]i\sness z a /ud5t ( nature4 ,b]aldi applauds 8 et*+s = _! orig9ality4 ,let u honor !m too = _! fidelity to life1 = _! simple /r5g?1 z well z = _! light1 vivaci\s *>m4 ,,p]sonal ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4,r4,e4 ,,"p ,i ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,keppel ,_m treatises h be5 publi%$ on ,seym\r ,had5 ! arti/1 b n "o1 z yet1 on ,seym\r ,had5 ! man4 ,?is is z x %\ld be2 because no "o c write freely & frankly on ! p]sonality ( a fam\s man :ile t man is /ill liv+1 & ,sir ,seym\r liv$ until ! ye> #aiaj1 :5 he di$ at ! great age ( n9ety-?ree4 ,i met him (t5 e ye> = ab\t ?irty ye>s1 & ,i fir/ made 8 acqua9tance :5 he liv$ 9 8 v h&some h\se 9 ! ari/ocratic region kn[n z ,mayfair1 9 ! we/ end ( ,london4 ,8 h\se adjo9$ ! resid5ce ( ! ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ,engl&4 ,! doctr9e held by ! anci5ts t ! ,goddess ( ,=tune 0 /one-bl9d has mu* to w>rant x4 ,let u take ! case ( ?ree contempor>y n9ete5?-c5tury et*]s1 all ?ree be+ m5 ( g5ius4 ,i mean ! two ,fr5* ma/]s1 ,*>les ,m]yon & ,jean-,franois ,millet1 & ! ,engli%man ,seym\r ,had54 ,! two ,fr5* et*]s liv$ 9 dire pov]ty & (t5 _h to g hungry because !y _h n ! means to pay = a meal2 :ile1 to _! ,engli% contempor>y1 8! l9es 7 fall5 9 pleasant places0 & he nev] knew ! wants t p9* ! poor4 ,born 9 #ahah1 9 8 fa!r's f9e h\se 9 ,sloane ,/reet1 ,london ,we/1 ,francis ,seym\r ,had5 _h ! advantage ( com+ ( a good & well-kn[n family1 9 easy circum/ances1 & ! fur!r advantage ( hav+ receiv$ an excell5t univ]sity education1 s t he f\nd himself1 f ! fir/1 ! social equal ( _m ( ! be/ 9 ! l&1 & he nev] _h to invade & ov]come t =midable social b>ri] :i* 9 ,engl& s /]nly divides ! 8somebodies0 f ! 8nobodies02 & dur+ 8 long & active life he c]ta9ly did no?+ to dim9i% or discr$it ! high social /&+ to :i* he 0 born & br$4 ,?is be+ s1 he rema9$ to ! end ( 8 life an ideal ,tory ari/ocrat1 a condition :i* might be comp>$ to t ( ! ,b\rbon k+s1 :o 8nev] =got any?+ & nev] le>n$ any?+40 ,9 ma9ta9+ any op9ion :i* he _h =m$1 or inh]it$1 he 0 z immovable z ! rock ( ,gibralt>1 & x made no diff]5ce to him if lat] evid5ce %[$ t 8 e>li] op9ions 7 wrong4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,,at ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,sixty-,,two ,f ! engrav+ by ,c4 ,w4 ,%]born ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #c in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,,at ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,=ty-,,f\r ,f 8 et*+ f life1 done 9 #ahfb ,size ( ! orig9al pr9t1 #g #aj in*es ,i well rememb] he>+ t man ( g5ius1 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 say 9 a s]mon3 8,talk ( ! s9 ( ,pride--we hav5't half en\gh ( x60 ,be t z x may1 ,seym\r ,had5 0 always a pr\d man1 & ?is innate pride sometimes r5d]$ him intol]ant ( ! op9ions ( o!r good m5 ^: ideas 7 also entitl$ to due respect4 ,inde$1 ,i h nev] kn[n a man :o set a high] value on himself4 ,no?+ 0 too good = him--:e!r x might be 8 collection ( ! be/ pr9ts by old] ma/]s1 8 h\se & its appo9tm5ts great & small1 or ! in/rum5ts :i* he us$ :5 he practis$ surg]y1--ev]y?+ mu/ be ( ! v be/4 ,?is det]m9ation ( 8 01 )9 limits1 a noble "o1 al?\gh x sometimes made him intol]ant ( o!r m5 :o 7 unable to rise to 8 high ideals4 ,9 ?is +ra9$ pride & self-e/eem ( ,seym\r ,had5's he 0 f> too pr\d to be va94 ,i d n ?9k he _h any vanity at all4 ,9 ?is respect he diff]$1 8z f> z ! ea/ is f ! we/10 f 8 illu/ri\s bro!r-9-law1 ,:i/l]4 ,! latt]'s lifelong habit 0 to pose & to p]=m l an actor on ! /age--:e!r 8 audi5ce consi/$ ( _m auditors or ( only "o2 :ile ,had51 ?\gh an em95tly well-br$ g5tleman1 c>$ no?+ :atev] ab\t ! impression he might be mak+ on 8 auditors--s long z 8 actions 7 approv$ by himself4 ,on su* occasions all w5t *>m+ly until "s o!r p]son utt]$ a het]odox op9ion on art1 or politics1 or any o!r subject2 b :5 t happ5$ ,sir ,seym\r's indignation w\ld bur/ =? l a rag+ volcano4 ,on "o su* occasion1 :ile ,i 0 a gue/ 9 8 c\ntry h\se1 ,i infuriat$ him--?\gh ) no evil int5tion4 ,x 0 at ! "t :5 ! patriot ,*>les ,/ew>t ,p>nell 0 mak+ su* a brave /ruggle 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons on behalf ( ,home ,rule = ,irel&1 ,i express$ my admiration = ,p>nell1 :5 ,sir ,seym\r got v angry & s made all ! company uncom=table4 ,?us f> ,i did n blame myself2 b a ye> lat] ,i c]ta9ly 0 a%am$ ( my own indiscretion4 ,i _h q =gott5 ab\t ! outbreak ( ! =m] ye> & ,i aga9 express$ my w>m sympa?y ) ! cause ( ,iri% ,home ,rule4 ,x 0 j at ! beg9n+ ( d9n] at ,sir ,seym\r's hospitable table1 b no soon] _h ,i m5tion$ ! subject ?an he flung d[n knife & =k1 m>*$ out ( ! d9+-room1 bang$ ! door beh9d him1 & tramp$ up-/airs to 8 b$room4 ,t sweet woman1 ,lady ,had51 said to me v quietly1 8,we %all see no m ( ,sir ,seym\r to-night10 & next morn+1 be=e my ho/ appe>$ at breakfa/1 8 v tactful wife1 lay+ h] h& g5tly on my arm1 said to me1 8,mr4 ,keppel1 9 conv]s+ ) my husb&1 pray avoid ! subject ( ,home ,rule 9 ,irel&40 ,mo/ read]s w\ld ?9k t ! little incid5t end$ "h2 b x didn't4 ,pres5tly ,sir ,seym\r came d[n to breakfa/ & c>ri$ 9 8 h& a l>ge & h&some book :i* he pres5t$ to me4 ,on ! fly-leaf ,i read a long & mo/ k9dly d$ication writt5 by himself2 & s t 0 ! end ( ! incid5t4 ,i rememb] t :5 ,i receiv$ ?is am5de honorable my fir/ impulse 0 to recall a *>act]i/ic ,iri% adage :i* says3 8,fir/ cut my head1 an' !n give me a pla/h]60 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,f ! draw+ by ,alphonse ,legros1 done 9 #ahie ,illu/ration3 ,,woodcote ,,manor 7! ,home ( ,sir ,seym\r ,had57 ,f ! et*+ by ,p]cy ,?omas ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #aj in*es ,lady ,had5 01 9 a v quiet & ref9$ way1 a rem>kable woman4 ,%e 0 daught] ( an ,am]ican army (fic]1 ,major ,:i/l]1 & %e bore ! ,puritan ,*ri/ian names ( ,deborah ,delano4 ,9 m ?an "o ( ,sir ,seym\r's et*+s h] fir/ "n is quiet$ d[n to 8,da%a40 ,%e 0 half-si/] to ! great ,:i/l]1 :o 0 ! issue ( h] fa!r's second m>riage1 & %e clung to h] 8bro!r ,jimmie0 to ! end ( h] life4 ,all ! art :i* 0 inh]5t 9 ! ,:i/l] family manife/$ itself 9 ,lady ,had5's music4 ,%e 0 a m>vel\s read] ( piano music1 & :5 ,sir ,seym\r got possession ( ! f9e old ,elizabe?an mansion ( ,woodcote ,manor 9 ,hamp%ire1 ,lady ,had51 p]ceiv+ t !re 0 no musical skill among ! "y m5 ( ! neighbor+ village ( ,bramdean1 organiz$ a b& or or*e/ra = ^! ru/ics4 ,to "o %e taught ! viol91 to ano!r ! flute1 to ano!r ! trombone1 etc4 ,aft] ab\t two ye>s ( drill+ ,i _h ! opportunity ( he>+ h] b& p]=m+ 9 ! s*ool-h\se at ,bramdean1 & !y play$ respectably well1 :ile ! sweet old lady conduct$ ! music ) h] baton4 ,t[>d ! end ( h] life %e became totally bl9d1 & aft] t ,i nev] 0 m affect$ 9 my life ?an :51 at ,woodcote ,manor1 ,i saw h] grope h] way to h] piano & he>d h] play1 sup]bly1 "s great compositions by ,bee?ov5 & ,*op94 ,at ,woodcote ,manor ,sir ,seym\r enjoy$ 8 life ?or\ghly 7except :5 some?+ w5t wrong & made him angry74 ,! mansion /ood 9 its own p>k & !re 0 a beautiful old g>d5 inclos$ ) high /one walls4 ,"o summ] :5 8 long h$ge ( sweet pea 0 9 full bloom he took me to see x & told me t he _h ?\ght out a new & int]e/+ botanical fact1 on :i* he _h writt5 a pap] = ! le>n$ ,royal ,society1 & t he int5d$ to s5d x to !m 9 ,london & to invite "s em95t botani/s ( ! ,society to come to ,woodcote & see ! ph5om5on = !mselves4 ,8 !ory 0 t g>d5 fl[]s always _h a t5d5cy to return to ! orig9al color ( ! same blossoms 9 ! wild plant1 especially :5 ! g>d5 plant grew tall1 & !n he %[$ me t1 9 8 h$ge ( sweet pea1 ! purple blossoms at ! top 7 mu* m num]\s ?an ! fl[]s ( p9k or blue or :ite :i* 7 l[] d[n1 ?us prov+ t :5 a g>d5 sweet pea grew tall ! blossoms return$ to ! orig9al purple color ( ! wild pea4 ,i _h always be5 some:at ( a horticulturi/ myself & s ,i said to him3 8,x is evid5t t ! plants "h be>+ purple fl[]s gr[ tall] ?an ! o!rs2 b y mu/ rememb] t any s+le plant ( sweet pea c give y no?+ b "o & ! same color 9 its blossoms40 ,sir ,seym\r s5t = 8 pig-head$ old ,hamp%ire g>d5]1 put ! "q to him1 & al?\gh ! old man 0 greatly 9 awe ( 8 ma/] he gave 8 decision on my side & aga9/ ,sir ,seym\r4 8,y are a pair ( fools10 0 ! old g5tleman's angry answ]1 & he />t$ to leave u4 ,b ,i ov]took him & said3 8,n[1 ,sir ,seym\r1 x is n fair to me to leave ?is little sci5tific "q undecid$4 ,pray come back = a few m9utes & let me cut two or ?ree ( y\r plants at ! roots1 dis5tangle !m f ! h$ge1 & %[ y t al?\gh !y m+le :5 gr[+ close toge!r yet y nev] get m ?an "o color$ bloom f "o plant40 ,to ?is he cons5t$1 & ( c\rse my demon/ration %[$ t 8 !ory 0 wrong2 b 8 ang] aga9/ me la/$ till b$time1 & x 0 only next morn+ t he said to me3 8,keppel1 y made me angry ye/]day ab\t ^? sweet peas1--b1 all ! same1 ,i am glad y sav$ me f mak+ a damn$ fool ( myself be=e ! ,royal ,society40 ,illu/ration3 ,,reproduction1 ,,9 ,,r$uc$ ,,size1 ,,( ,a ,,page ,,( ,,manuscript ,,9 ,,! ,,h&writ+ ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile1 ,,9 ,,r$uc$ ,,size1 ,,( ,,! ,,c]tificate ,,( ,,seym\r ,,had5',s ,,c&idacy ,,= ,,memb]%ip ,,9 ,,! ,,a!n,,um ,,club ,sir ,seym\r's ang] on ?is occasion 0 mild comp>$ ) ! rage he flew into ) 8 g>d5] :51 aft] ! ma/] _h be5 abs5t = a day 9 ,london1 he return$ & f\nd t 8 man _h sp5t a labori\s day 9 scrap+ (f ! beautiful gre5 moss :i* adorn$ ! trunks & l>g] bran*es ( ! old apple-trees 9 ! g>d54 ,i 0 ) ,sir ,seym\r :5 he made ! di/ress+ discov]y & ,i he>d ! furi\s s\nd ( ! vials ( wra? :i* he p\r$ on ! /upid old man's head4 ,aft] ,sir ,seym\r _h gone ! poor g>d5] said to me3 8,& t's my ?anks = hav+ work$ h>d to make 8 old apple-trees look neat & tidy60 ,besides be+ a fell[ ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,surgeons1 ,sir ,seym\r ,had5 0 a memb] ( ! mo/ exclusive club 9 ,london--if n 9 ! _w--! ,a!num4 ,x g5]ally took f fifte5 to tw5ty ye>s = any c&idate to be elect$4 ,sir ,seym\r _h to wait eighte5 ye>s4 ,! usage ( ?is club is to hang on ! wall a l>ge %eet ( pap] sett+ =? ! "n & ! qualities ( ! c&idate1 & any memb] :o approv$ ( ?is c&idate w\ld sign ?is pap]4 ,:e!r _m ( ^! em95t p]sons _h mu* idea ( ! quality ( a f9e et*+ is q ano!r matt]1 b ,sir ,seym\r's nom9ation %eet at ! club 0 cramm$ ) signatures ( em95t m5 advocat+ 8 election4 ,among ^! signatures are ^? ( ,rob]t ,br[n+1 ,an?ony ,trollope1 ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,dr4 ,tait1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury2 ,huxley1 ! great sci5ti/2 ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,col]idge1 & ,sir ,e4 ,j4 ,poynt]1 n[ ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,arts4 ,besides ! signatures ( ^! fam\s m5 :o _h 8a*iev$ greatness0 o!r sign]s ( ?is ,a!num docum5t _h be5 8born great10 includ+ sev]al h]$it>y pe]s2 &--to f9i% ,%akespe>e's s5t5ce--! g5tleman *iefly conc]n$ nev] wait$ to h 8greatness ?ru/ ^u him10 = he 0 always q will+ to meet greatness half-way4 ,! ,a!num ,club is s desp]ately exclusive t no memb] c br+ 9 an outsid] except to a little s5try-box inside ! ma9 portal1 :i* room is only l>ge en\gh to accommodate two p]sons4 ,on "o occasion :5 ,i 0 visit+ ,sir ,seym\r ,i did "o ( ! few delib]ately wick$ ?+s t ev] ,i did 9 my life4 ,z ,i /ood 9 ! little s5try-box ,i p]ceiv$ ,8 ,grace ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york ent]+ ) a fri5d at ! front door ( ! club4 ,! two walk$ /raight to ! glass door ( ! little s5try-box :]e ,i 01 & ! em95t prelate said to 8 fri5d1 9 a l\d au?oritative voice3 8,we c sign ! docum5ts "h 9 a mom5t40 ,!n x 0 t 8,satan ent]$ into me40 ,i knew t ?is 0 my only *ance ev] to make a ,briti% ar*bi%op wait till ,i 0 8good & ready10 & s1 al?\gh ,i _h f9i%$ my bus9ess ) ,sir ,seym\r1 ,i began talk+ & talk+ ab\t 8 fri5ds 9 ,p>is & :at !y 7 do+1 until ,i kept ! v impati5t ar*bi%op /rid+ up & d[n be=e ! little door = m ?an t5 m9utes1 & twice :5 ,i caught 8 eye he look$ at 8 wat*1 gl>$ at me1 & exclaim$1 8,de> me1 h[ tiresome60 7,x w be rememb]$ t 9 g5teel ,engli% p>lance ! ^w 8tiresome0 means 8annoy+0 or 8provok+407 ,at la/1 :5 ,i c\ld talk no m1 ,sir ,seym\r rose f 8 *air1 op5$ ! door1 & met ! rag+ ,dr4 ,maclagan outside4 8,oh1 ,ar*bi%op10 said he1 8,i d hope we h n kept y wait+10 & ,8 ,grace made answ] 9 a v fretful voice1 8,well1 9 po9t ( fact1 ,sir ,seym\r1 y h60 ,i _c claim t ?is prank ( m9e did me any cr$it1 b 9 my boyhood days 9 ,engl& my family & ,i _h suff]$ f ! pomposity ( ,engli% prelates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,:i/l]',s ,,h\se1 ,,old ,,*elsea ,et*$ 9 #ahfc4 ,on ! left is ,l9dsay ,r[1 9 :i* ,:i/l]'s h\se is indicat$ by a small /ellat$ m>k above ! *imney4 ,to ! "r is old ,*elsea ,*ur* & ,batt]sea ,bridge ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #ac in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,batt]sea ,,rea* ,a view ( ! ,?ames at ,batt]sea1 et*$ 9 #ahfc1 look+ out ( ,:i/l]'s w9d[ ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,! feud betwe5 ,seym\r ,had5 & ,:i/l] 0 kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,:i/l] loa!d ,had5 & ,had5 dete/$ ,:i/l]4 ,b ,sir ,seym\r drew a di/9ction betwe5 ! man :om he abom9at$ & ! arti/ :om he greatly admir$4 ,?is admiration l$ him to make a notable collection ( ,:i/l]'s pr9ts4 ,on "o occasion ,sir ,seym\r said to me t if he 7 =c$ to "p ) 8 ,rembr&t et*+s or ) 8 ,:i/l]s he w\ld f9d x h>d to det]m9e :i* ma/]'s works he mu/ let g4 ,lat] on ,i repeat$ ?is say+ to ,:i/l] & t mode/ g5tleman calmly rem>k$3 8,:y1 ,had5 %\ld fir/ "p ) 8 ,rembr&ts1 ( c\rse40 ,among ! hi/oric que/ions :i* c nev] be def9itely det]m9$ is ! "o--:e!r ,seym\r ,had5 0 ! man :o kick$ ,:i/l] d[n-/airs or :e!r x 0 ,:i/l] :o adm9i/]$ ?is viol5t treatm5t to ,had54 ,i h he>d ! /ory f bo?1 & ea* ( ^! em95t m5 /\tly ma9ta9$ t he _h be5 ! kick] & 8 adv]s>y ! kick$ "o4 ,z presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,pa9t]-,et*]s ,sir ,seym\r did a great "w 9 ma9ta9+ s\nd doctr9e 9 et*+4 ,no?+ 0 admitt$ :i* 0 8comm]cial0 9 "*1 & et*+s :i* 7 done aft] pa9t+s by o!r h&s 7 rigor\sly rul$ out4 ,! memb]%ip compris$ =eign z well z ,briti% arti/s1 & memb]%ip 0 eag]ly s\ght =1--s mu* s t _m fam\s et*]s nev] 7 elect$1 al?\gh !y tri$ h>d to be4 ,! memb]s (t5 _h to compla9 ( ! ma/]ful ways ( _! presid5t2 he rul$ !m ) a rod ( iron1 b /ill ! malcont5ts 7 =c$ to endure x1--well kn[+ t no o!r man c\ld give to ! ,society ! pre/ige & au?ority t ,seym\r ,had5 gave to x4 ,9 all o!r art exhibitions a good ?+1 done by an outsid]1 is accept$ & welcom$1 b ! ,royal ,society ( ,pa9t]-,et*]s exhibits no?+ except ! "w ( its own memb]s4 ,we h se5 t ,sir ,seym\r ,had51 9 spite ( 8 good qualities--& 8 great qualities--0 a man ( a dom9e]+ & disputati\s nature4 ,i "k ( no figure 9 dramatic lit]ature :om he resembl$ s closely z ,%]idan's ,sir ,an?ony ,absolute4 ,bo? ( ^! ,sirs 7 ( a viol5t & ma/]ful temp]1 & yet bo? ( !m 7 good m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,out ,,( ,,/udy ,,w9d[ ,et*$ f an upp] w9d[ 9 ,mr4 ,had5's h\se 9 ,sloane ,/reet4 ,9 ! mid-di/ance is ! suburb ( ,brompton ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,?omas ,,had5 ,,( ,,d]by 8,?omas ,had5 ( ,d]by1 my gr&fa!r1 01 "u a poli%$ ext]ior1 "o ( ! mo/ det]m9$ m5 ,i h ev] kn[n1 & "o ( ! brave/4 ,he w\ld h made a h]o ( romance if he _h _h ! *ance4 ,at ! age ( eighty-five he def5d$ 8 home aga9/ ! :ole mob ( ,d]by1 keep+ !m at bay all night40 ,seym\r ,had54 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ac #i in*es ,besides ,seym\r ,had5's signal a*ievem5ts z et*] & z surgeon1 & 8 zeal z an angl]1 he1 l "s o!r good m51 _h a special hobby :i* he rode = ye>s1 & :i* he (t5 v5tilat$ 9 ! ,london ,times4 ,8 !ory 0 t no corpse %\ld be buri$ 9 a solid wood5 c(f91 b t x %\ld be inclos$ 9 a loose wick] case1 :]e ! e>? c\ld come 9 direct contact ) ! dead body4 ,he cont5d$ t su* contact w\ld v quickly turn 8e>? to e>?40 ,"o ( 8 demon/rations 0 practis$ on ! dead body ( a l>ge old s[ t di$ 9 8 f>m-y>d4 7,! animal's "n1 ,i rememb]1 0 ,m>y ,jane47 ,sir ,seym\r _h ,m>y ,jane buri$ 9 ! g>d51 9 a %all[ grave1 & he _h a cov]+ ( n m ?an ?ree in*es ( e>? laid ov] h]4 ,!n e visitor to ,woodcote ,manor _h to visit ! grave & to use 8 olfactory organs ov] x4 ,i myself _h to d ?is on two occasions & ,i mu/ say t ,i detect$ no f\l odor :atev]4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s ,i enjoy$ a peculi> privilege 9 connection ) ,woodcote ,manor4 ,! old c\ple1 us$ to ! /ir & bu/le ( ,london1 :]e !y _h 8troops ( fri5ds10 sometimes f\nd !mselves some:at lonely 9 ! solitude ( ,hamp%ire1 & s x happ5$ t = m ?an tw5ty ye>s ,i 0 giv5 c>te blan*e to invite to ,woodcote any p]son ,i pleas$4 ,i 0 v p>ticul> z to ! p]sons :om ,i ?us invit$2 b ! p s invit$ 7 *>m$ ) _! visit1 :e!r x la/$ = ?ree days or = two weeks1 & ! ,engli% "k v well h[ to make a gue/ com=table4 ,9 ! p>k at ,woodcote ,manor !re is an et*$ tablet1 nail$ to ! trunk ( an anci5t haw?orn-tree4 ,x reads3 ,a loyal fri5d ?r\gh weal & woe1 ,at la/1 /]n dea? o'ertakes him3 ,"h sleeps my lov+1 wise old cr[1 ,till ,gabriel's trumpet wakes him4 ,i wrote ?is epitaph at ,lady ,seym\r ,had5's reque/4 ,%e gave to my de> old pet cr[ a re/+-place :5 he di$4 ,t cr[ 0 m l a fri5d ?an a pet4 ,on ,atlantic /eam]s he w\ld fly ab\t among ! sea-gulls1 & 9 ,london ,i us$ to op5 ! w9d[s & he flew :]e he pleas$1 b ,i 0 always sure t he w\ld come back to me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pres5t article is already s long t ,i mu/ n prolong x fur!r2 b 9 a lat] numb] ( ,,! ,,pr9t-,,collector',s ,,qu>t]ly ,i int5d to give an acc\nt ( ,sir ,seym\r ,had5's visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,,9 ,,am]ica ,! =m] *apt] ( my article on ,sir ,seym\r ,had5 ref]r$ entirely to my exp]i5ces ) him 9 ,europe2 ?is second & conclud+ portion w conta9 no?+ except an acc\nt ( 8 say+s & do+s dur+ 8 visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ye> #ahhb4 ,! purpose ( 8 ,am]ican visit 0 to exp\nd & v9dicate ! importance ( orig9al et*+ z a f9e art4 ,?is he did by deliv]+ a s]ies ( lectures on ! subject1 & ^! lectures1 9 ! ma91 7 v well receiv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,f a photograph f life3 tak5 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahhb ,illu/ration3 ,,*ampney4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had5 ,sket*$ 7unkn[n to him7 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum by ,j4 ,wells ,*ampney ( ,new ,york4 ,sir ,seym\r aft]w>d wrote on ?is sket*4 8,excell5t6 ,s4 ,h4 #ahii40 ,size ( ! orig9al draw+1 #i #h in*es ,be+ a born & case-h>d5$ controv]siali/ he soon f\nd out t 9 ,am]ica no man's unprov$ ipse dixit1 h[ev] em95t he might be1 0 dutifully accept$ z x w\ld h be5 9 "o ( ! old] civilizations ( ,europe1 & s x came ab\t t sev]al unpr(itable controv]sies 7 hotly wag$ on bo? sides4 ,seym\r ,had5 0 by nature pugnaci\s & 8topl(ty10 & su* an attitude w5t d[n badly 9 ,am]ica4 ,b1 all ! same1 ! man himself 0 treat$ ) di/+ui%$ consid]ation "h1 & 8 lectures did g5u9e good to ! cause ( true art4 ,he lectur$ 9 all our pr9cipal cities f ,new ,york to ,*icago1 & al?\gh :5 he l&$ "h ,i ?9k he _h v few p]sonal acqua9tances 7except myself71 yet :5 he sail$ back to ,engl& he took ) him ! cordial fri5d%ip & good w ( _m ,am]icans ( ! "r sort4 ,8 fir/ lecture 0 deliv]$ be=e a di/+ui%$ audi5ce 9 ,*ick]+ ,hall1 ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york4 ,he _h pl5ty ( voice to make 8 auditors he> him2 b 8 lecture dragg$ consid]ably--= a peculi>ly ,briti% reason3 x is kn[n to "s ( u t 9 an ,engli%man's public oration he is n g5teel or di/+ui%$ if he speaks freely & flu5tly4 ,no1 no2 he mu/ befog & entangle 8 words ) all sorts ( hesitations & am5dm5ts4 ,x is ! same 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,i d n mean su* ma/] orators z ,glad/one 01 b ! public spee* ( ! av]age ,briti% memb]1--let u call him ,sir ,huddle/on ,fuddle/on--s\nds l ?is3 8,! honorable1 hum--! honorable & gallant memb] f--ha--hum--f ,hull1 has be5 good en\gh to--a--um--to say--etc40 ,well1 ,seym\r ,had5 model$ 8 oratory on ?is prepo/]\s b g5teel ,briti% usage2 & yet1 9 private conv]sation1 ,i h nev] kn[n a man :o us$ m elegant & appropriate language ?an he4 ,on ! day foll[+ t ( ! lecture1 ,i receiv$ a visit f my k9d & valu$ fri5d ! ,"r ,rev]5d ,monsignor ,doane1 :o 0 a g5u9e lov] ( f9e pr9ts1 & he said to me3 8,well1 ,i he>d y\r ,engli% fri5d la/ ev5+ humm+ & haw+ ?r\gh 8 lecture40 ,soon aft]w>d ,i _h ! opportunity ( br++ ^! two di/+ui%$ m5 toge!r1 & aft] t1 dur+ 8 ye>ly visit to ,engl&1 ! monsignor us$ to be a welcome & honor$ gue/ ( ,sir ,seym\r & ,lady ,had54 ,! arti/'s lectures 9 ,bo/on 7 li/5$ to ) e>ne/ att5tion & he 0 ! gue/ ( honor at a reception giv5 at ! ,/4 ,botolph ,club2 b ev5 !re /orms & tempe/s arose4 ,he qu>rel$ ) ! "o em95t ,am]ican :om1 ! re/ ( u w\ld ?9k1 nobody c\ld qu>rel )1--namely1 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes4 ,x 0 all ab\t a 8fool0 diff]5ce ( op9ion on "s "q ( m$ical e?ics & usages 9 ,am]ica z comp>$ ) ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,mytton ,,hall 8,mytton ,hall is an old ,h5ry ! ,sev5? h\se :i* ,mr4 ,had5 0 9 ! habit ( /ay+ at = ! purpose ( 8 salmon fi%+ 9 ! riv] ,ribble 7! ,lanca%ire ,riv]7 :i* runs pa/ x40 ,seym\r ,had54 ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #d #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,on ,,! ,,te/ 8,?is plate & ,a ,wat] ,mead[ 7 done on ! same day1 "o at noon1 ! o!r v late 9 ! ev5+4 ,! ,te/ 79 ,hamp%ire7 is a fam\s tr\t /ream40 ,seym\r ,had54 ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #f #h in*es ,be=e ! ev5+ ( 8 reception at ! ,/4 ,botolph ,club1 ,seym\r ,had5 procur$ a li/ ( ! pr9cipal p]sonages :om he 0 to meet !re4 ,he br\ght x to me1 & said3 8,n[1 :at %\ld ,i "k ab\t ^! p80 ,i wrote d[n = him z _m notes z ,i c\ld1 & :5 he met ! ,bo/onians1 ,i 0 a/oni%$ to see h[ well he _h coa*$ himself ab\t !m4 ,on 8 return to ,new ,york1 he receiv$ a great numb] ( lett]s4 ,he 0 /ay+ at ! old ,hotel ,brunswick1 ,fif? ,av5ue1 & e morn+ ,i _h to g !re & tell him 8:o 0 :o0 among ! writ]s ( ! lett]s4 ,"o day he 0 call$ d[n to ! p>lor by a message t a lady wi%$ to see him4 ,he w5t d[n & :5 he came back to 8 room c>ry+ a c>d 9 8 h&1 he said to me1 8,well1 ,i c]ta9ly am 9 an extraord9>y c\ntry4 ,t visitor1 :om ,i nev] knew1 is evid5tly a lady1 & %e has invit$ me to come & sp5d a week ) h] husb& & h]self at ,yonk]s40 ,glanc+ at ! c>d1 ,i read ! "n ( ,mrs4 ,james ,b4 ,colgate1 & said to ,seym\r ,had51 8,i %\ld c]ta9ly advise y to accept10 & ,i w5t on to say t x 0 easy en\gh = a /rang] f ,engl& to see our public %[ places1 big hotels1 etc41 b n s easy to get an entre to ! home ( a really nice ,am]ican family4 ,seym\r ,had5 accept$ ! invitation & sp5t a week ) ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,colgate4 ,9 ^? ye>s1 ,i myself liv$ 9 ,yonk]s1 & ,i call$ on him at ! ,colgate h\se ! day aft] 8 arrival !re4 ,! em95t bank] %[$ u into 8 libr>y1 & leav+ u alone he clos$ ! door4 ,! ,engli% visitor1 fir/ look+ ar\nd to see t !re 0 no o!r p]son pres5t1 said to me 9 a sort ( :isp]3 8,i am v com=table "h1 ) b "o s]i\s drawback4 ,i h be5 9 ! habit1 all my life1 ( tak+ w9e ) my d9n]2 b la/ ev5+1 :at d y suppose !y gave me 9 ! place ( w9e8--milk60 ,?is 0 ab\t n9e o'clock at night1 & :5 ,i got home ,i /at$ ! case to my de> old "m4 ,%e laugh$ a little wick$ly1 & said1 8,i ?9k ,i c help y\r fri5d 9 ?is case40 ,we happ5$ to h "s v good %]ry4 ,! old lady got a l>ge flat bottle1 fill$ x ) ! w9e1 cork$ x & put x into an innoc5t-look+ pa/ebo>d box1 tell+ me to take x to him4 ,be=e leav+ my home1 ,i wrote a brief note to ,seym\r ,had5 say+ t ! package :i* ,i _h to deliv] to him mu/ be op5$ only 9 ! privacy ( 8 own *amb]4 ,! ,colgates 7 total ab/a9]s ( s pron\nc$ a k9d t :5 ,mr4 ,colgate r5t$ any h\se ( 8 9 ,yonk]s1 he made a condition 9 ! lease t no intoxicants ( any k9d 7 ev] to be receiv$ 9 t h\se4 ,fur!r ?an t1 "o ( 8 pr9ciples 01 n only nev] to dr9k w9e or spirits1 b nev] to t\* or c>ry !m4 ,:5 ,i got back to ,mr4 ,colgate's h\se1 x 0 t5 o'clock at night1 & all ! lights 9 ! big h\se 7 ext+ui%$ & ! doors lock$4 ,i rang & rang at ! bell1 & at la/ ,mr4 ,colgate himself1 we>+ tr\s]s & slipp]s1 op5$ ! door4 ,i _h to manufacture a small fiction1 :i* recalls ,sir ,walt] ,scott's c\plet3 ,oh1 :at a tangl$ web we weave1 ,:5 fir/ we practise to deceive4 ,mr4 ,colgate said to me r fretfully t all ! h\sehold _h retir$1 & t ,mr4 ,seym\r ,had5 mu/ wait until ! morn+4 ,i said to him 9 reply1 t he w\ld d me a great favor1 if :5 he 0 pass+ 8 gue/'s *amb] door1 he w\ld knock at x & deliv] ! package1 & ?is ,mr4 ,colgate cons5t$ to d4 ,"s days lat] a reception 0 giv5 to ,seym\r ,had5 at ! ,lotos ,club1 ,fif? ,av5ue1 & ,i accompani$ him f ,yonk]s to ,new ,york on t occasion4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,had5 f\nd himself safe 9 ! tra91 he said to me3 8,i c\ldn't h slept a w9k except = t excell5t %]ry t y\r "m s5t me1 b ,i took deucd good c>e to c>ry away ! empty bottle 9 my bag40 ,i rememb] t f ! tra9 we saw ! gorge\s sight ( ! sun sett+ beh9d ! ,palisades1 & mirror$ 9 ! ,hudson ,riv]1 & ,mr4 ,had5 said to me1 ) some?+ l reproa* 9 8 voice3 8,n[1 :y h ,i nev] be5 told ( ! beauty ( all ?is80 ,lat] on1 he said to me1 look+ ab\t 9 ! cr[d$ tra93 8,n[1 isn't x melan*oly to ?9k t nobody among all ^! p1 except myself 7& p]haps y71 has ! slighte/ s5se ( ! beauty ( ?is magnific5t sunset60 ,i 0 tempt$ to say to him t he _h no "r to assume su* call\s ins5sibility on ! "p ( ! ,am]icans1 b ?\gh ,i ?\ght x1 ,i did n say x4 ,seym\r ,had5's reception at ! ,lotos ,club 0 a notable function4 ,i rememb] t ! ,presid5t1 ! ,hon4 ,:itelaw ,reid1 made a v graceful spee* 9 honor ( 8 gue/1 & ,i recall vividly ! m>vel\s clev]ness ( a v "y man :o _h be5 invit$ to ent]ta9 ! company4 ,"o ( ?is "y man's monologues repres5t$ an intimate talk betwe5 ?ree ,italian op]a s+]s1 ! soprano1 ! t5or1 & ! basso2 ! ?ree cont9ually int]rupt+ "o ano!r4 ,! speak+ ( ! "y man 0 9 8fake0 ,italian1 & ! ?ree speak+ voices 7 admirably diff]5tiat$4 ,i inquir$ :o ?is "y man 01 & 0 told t he 0 ! son ( ! fam\s oratorio s+]1 ,madame ,rud]sdorf ( ,bo/on1 t 8 "n 0 ,ri*>d ,mansfield1 & t he 0 /udy+ = ! /age4 ,i !n utt]$ a prophecy t t "y man w\ld be a great actor lat] on2 & s he 04 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,a ,,by-,,road ,,9 ,,tipp]>y ,?is magnific5t plate 0 et*$ 9 #ahfj1 9 ! p>k ( ,visc\nt ,haw>d54 ,all ?+s consid]$1 x is ! arti/'s f9e/ r5d]+ ( tree-=ms ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,a ,,sunset ,,9 ,,irel& 8,?is plate1 & also ,a ,by-road 9 ,tipp]>y1 7 done 9 ! p>k ( ,visc\nt ,haw>d51 9 ! mo/ beautiful "p ( ,tipp]>y40 ,seym\r ,had54 ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #e #h in*es ,aft] 8 return f ,bo/on1 ! arti/ sp5t sev]al weeks 9 ,new ,york1 & :ile he 0 !re1 ,i arrang$ = him ! fir/ public exhibition ( 8 et*+s :i* 0 ev] made 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,new ,york press took up ! subject ) en?usiasm1 & e important newspap] pr9t$ a long review ( ! arti/ & 8 "w4 ,i collect$ all ( ^! v laudatory articles1 & took !m to ,mr4 ,had5 at ! ,hotel ,brunswick4 ,next day he said to me1 8,d y "k t ^! reviews ( ! ,new ,york press are di/9ctly abl] & m intellig5t ?an if !y _h be5 writt5 9 ,london80 ,he add$1 8,i wi% y w\ld pay my p>ticul> complim5ts to ! g5tleman :o wrote ! review 9 ! ,new ,york ,_w2 t article 9 p>ticul> ,i f\nd to be admirable40 ,he 0 surpris$ :5 he saw me beg9 to laugh1 b ,i expla9$ to him t ! 8g5tleman0 9 "q 0 a lady1 & ! article :i* he s greatly admir$ 0 f ! p5 ( ,mrs4 ,s*uyl] van ,r5ssela]4 ,"o v seldom f9ds t ! imag9ative & creative arti/ is also end[$ ) a logical & judicial ca/ ( m9d4 ,x 0 s ) ,seym\r ,had54 ,he _h br\ght f ,engl& a l>ge collection ( excell5t lant]n-slides to illu/rate ^! lectures by means ( a /]eopticon1 & 9 ! lectur]'s zeal to glorify orig9al et*+ at ! exp5se ( pr9ts done by any o!r me?od1 he _h procur$ "o lant]n slide ( ! beautiful little portrait :i* ,rembr&t _h et*$ ( himself1 ! complete pr9t ( :i* is h>dly bigg] ?an a po/age /amp4 ,x 0 ! ,rembr&t trois m\/a*es4 ,alongside ( ?is1 ,mr4 ,had5 _h pr9t$ a morsel ( ! same size1 tak5 f a crude & unimportant "p ( ! =egr\nd ( ,william ,%>p's fam\s l9e-engrav+ ( ! ,holy ,family1 aft] ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,?us ?is special plead]1 ,had51 display$ an et*+ 9 its entirety1 & less ?an "o-hundr$? "p ( a l9e-engrav+ ( v l>ge size4 ,:]ev]1 dur+ 8 lectures1 ?is illu/ration 0 exhibit$ by a /]eopticon1 !re 0 a univ]sal outcry aga9/ ! unfairness ( x4 ,p all1 ) "o accord1 decl>$ t if ! arti/ want$ to confront & contra/ et*+ ) l9e-engrav+1 fairness w\ld require ! lectur] to h *os5 two pr9ts ( ! same size2 b !re 0 no 8budg+0 ,seym\r ,had51 :5 he _h =m$ an op9ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,a ,,lanca%ire ,,riv]4 ,a well-kn[n salmon pool on ! ,ribble4 ,9 ,sir ,seym\r's op9ion ?is is "o ( 8 v f9e/ plates4 ,x 0 aw>d$ ! ,m$al ( ,honor at ! ,p>is ,exposition ( #ahhi4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #af in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,sawley ,,abbey ,sawley ,abbey /&s by a salmon riv]1 ! ,ribble1 :i* "h is enl>g$ into a wide pool4 ,seym\r ,had5 (t5 came "h = 8 salmon fi%+4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #ad in*es ,:ile 9 ,new ,york1 he visit$ ! exhibition ( pa9t+s at ! ,national ,academy ( ,design1 & 0 escort$ ?r\gh ! gall]ies by ! late ,james ,d4 ,smillie1 ,n4,a4 ,:5 8 eye fell ^u a c]ta9 pa9t+1 he sudd5ly /opp$ z if he 7 p>alyz$4 8,:o did t picture80 8,x is ! "w ( "o ( our ,new ,york arti/s1 ,miss ,s-&-,s40 8,:y d y all[ su* dreadful ?+s on y\r walls80 8,well10 said ,mr4 ,smillie1 8we l to exemplify v>i\s phases 9 art40 8,hum10 rejo9$ ,seym\r ,had51 :ile gl>+ at ! picture2 8%e ought to be disemb[el$60 ,( at lea/ "o ( our well-kn[n ,am]ican arti/s1 ,seym\r ,had5 express$ ! /ronge/ admiration4 ,?is 0 ! late ,john ,laf>ge1 ,n4,a41 & he also spoke ) en?usiasm ( ! orig9al ,am]ican et*+s ( ?irty ye>s ago1 ! "w ( su* m5 z ,/eph5 ,p>ri%1 ,*>les ,a4 ,platt1 ,pet] ,moran1 & ,joseph ,p5nell4 ,on see+ a v l>ge1 intricate plate by ,mr4 ,p>ri%1 ,mr4 ,had5 made ! rem>k to me1 8,t "y man does n "k :at ! s5se ( fatigue 9 mak+ a picture is40 ,ev5 at ?is p]iod1 ,seym\r ,had5 0 kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe z be+ ! judge p> excell5ce ( a f9e pr9t1 & he 0 also recogniz$ z an admirable judge ( pa9t+s4 ,:ile on ?is subject ( ,had5's le>n$ judgm5t ( pictures1 ,i w record :at he rem>k$ to me aft] he _h visit$ ,niag>a = ! fir/ "t4 ,:at he said 03 8,no arti/1 except ,turn]1 %\ld h ev] d>$ to attempt mak+ a picture ( ! ,falls ( ,niag>a40 ,"o ( ,seym\r ,had5's exceptionally good days 0 ! ,sunday :i* he sp5t 9 visit+ t fam\s art collector & admirable man1 ,james ,l4 ,claghorn1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,on t occasion1 ,i myself 0 includ$ z a sort ( 8make-weight40 ,! ,engli%man1 ) g5u9e zeal1 w5t ?r\gh ,mr4 ,claghorn's collection ( pr9ts1 & he wrote ) p5cil on sev]al ( !m t !y 7 exceptionally f9e4 ,on ano!r side ,mr4 ,had5 excell$ z a judge1 & t 0 9 ! matt] ( fir/-class food & fir/-class cook+4 ,at lun*1 our ho/ treat$ u to a delici\s di% ( t]rap94 ,seym\r ,had5 f\nd x wond]fully good & decl>$ t n only _h he nev] ta/$ t]rap9 be=e1 b he _h nev] he>d ( ! di%4 8,oh1 yes10 said ,i to him2 8y c]ta9ly h he>d ( t]rap92 don't y rememb] at *ur* on ,sundays1 :5 !y s+ ! #8,te ,deum1' !y s+1 #8,t]rap9 & ,s]aphim4'0 8,oh1 tut1 tut10 said he1 8,i want to he> no irrev]5ce40 ,seym\r ,had5 _h rank$ z a v able physician4 ,an incid5t occurr$ :ile we 7 at ,mr4 ,claghorn's h\se :i* %[s h[ wise he 0 9 ?is respect3 ,mr4 ,claghorn 0 a huge & corpul5t man ( ab\t sixty1 b he 0 full ( =ce & en]gy4 ,:ile we 7 9 8 libr>y he got up & bu/l$ out on "s err&1 & ,seym\r ,had5 said to me3 8,y\r fri5d w n live long1 & :5 he dies he w g (f v sudd5ly40 ,i 0 %ock$ on he>+ su* an unexpect$ prophecy1 & ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,had5 h[ long ,mr4 ,claghorn 0 likely to live4 ,9 answ] he said1 8,j ab\t two ye>s40 ,two ye>s lat]1 )9 t5 days ( ! "t ,had5 _h designat$1 ,mr4 ,claghorn sudd5ly fell dead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,! ,,break+-,,up ,,( ,,! ,,agamemnon ,p]haps1 all ?+s consid]$1 ! arti/'s ma/]piece4 ,collectors diff] z to ! relative m]its ( ! v>i\s et*+s by ,seym\r ,had51 b all are agre$ 9 rank+ ?is z a ma/]piece1 ,moreov]1 x 0 ! fir/ et*+ to be treat$ 9 ?is p>ticul> mann]1 & x has become ! model = _m imitators4 ,?is f9e plate 0 et*$ on ! ,?ames1 at ,gre5wi*1 9 #ahgj4 ,sir ,seym\r devot$ ! money obta9$ f ! sale ( ! pro(s to ! aid ( ! ,london ,hospital = ,incurables4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #af in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,calais ,,pi] ,et*$ by ,seym\r ,had5 aft] ! pa9t+ by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn] 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,?is sup]b et*+ /&s alone 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art4 ,! sc5e c\ld n be m /rongly felt nor m vividly pres5t$ _h ! et*] be5 work+ f nature in/ead ( f a pa9t+ by ano!r h&4 ,:5 ?is et*+ appe>$1 ,seym\r ,had5 receiv$ an en?usia/ic lett] f ,john ,rusk91 9 :i* ! latt] exhort$ him to devote ! rema9d] ( 8 life to et*+ ! pa9t+s ( ,turn]4 ,size ( ! orig9al pr9t1 #bc #cc in*es ,/ill cont9u+ ! subject ( ,mr4 ,had5's critical judgm5t 9 d9+4 ,i may m5tion t :]ev] he w5t1 he w\ld nev] p>take1 at a hotel1 ( a table d'hte meal4 ,he insi/$ on select+ p>ticul> di%es :i* he wi%$ =1 & he _h !m specially cook$ = him4 ,on 8 return f ,c9c9nati1 he told me t :ile !re he met my own de> fri5d1 ! late ,h]man ,goepp]1 & he _h giv5 him1 at a club1 ! v be/1 & be/-s]v$1 d9n] t he _h ev] p>tak5 (4 ,seym\r ,had5's c\rse ( lectures at ,*icago 0 a great success1 & a v notable reception 0 t5d]$ to him4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( t reception1 a v influ5tial ,*icago lady m>*$ up & said 9 a l\d voice3 8,:y don't y educate y\r wom5 9 ,engl&80 8,i "k :at y mean10 said ! ,engli%man1 8b we don't l to h our ,engli% wom5 cramm$ ) a lot ( ab/ruse isms & ologies40 ,ano!r lady1 :o ?\ght ! ,engli% gue/ _h be5 r unfairly attack$1 said to him1 8,n[1 ,mr4 ,had51 c't y attack h] 9 return80 8,well1 yes10 said he3 89 ,am]ica1 y don't "k h[ to make tea1 & y\r table knives w n cut any?+40 ,ano!r little dispute arose 9 ,detroit4 ,had5 _h arriv$ late at night1 v mu* fatigu$1 at ! ,russell ,h\se4 ,at ab\t eight o'clock 9 ! morn+ he 0 awak5$ f a mu*-ne$$ sleep by a s\nd ( hamm]+ & gr9d+ 9 ! wall outside 8 w9d[4 ,he got up1 rais$ ! w9d[1 & saw two m5 bor+ a hole into ! front wall ( ! hotel1 = ! purpose ( ins]t+ an iron b> f :i* a sign 0 to be swung4 ,mr4 ,had5 remon/rat$ at be+ di/urb$4 ,! two me*anics answ]$ t !y 7 8on t job0 & t !y 7 go+ to d x4 ,!n1 z ! ,detroit ,free ,press relat$ ! incid5t1 ! eld]ly g5tleman1 dress$ 9 night-clo!s & a nightcap1 _h pu%$ out bo? 8 arms1 seiz$ ! (f5d+ & di/urb+ cr[b>1 haul$ x into 8 room & %ut d[n ! w9d[4 ,v soon aft]1 ! proprietor ( ! hotel came1 knock$ at 8 gue/'s door1 & said t ! cr[b> :i* _h be5 seiz$ 0 n 8 prop]ty & t he w\ld get into tr\ble if x 7 n giv5 up at once1 b ,seym\r ,had5 be=e giv+ x up /ipulat$ t he 0 n to be di/urb$ ) any m noise until su* "t z he 0 ready to leave 8 b$4 ,x w be notic$ t1 :ile 9 my =m] article ,i call$ him ,sir ,seym\r ,had51 9 ! pres5t "o ,i call him pla9 ,mi/]4 ,?is 0 because x 0 aft] 8 return f ,am]ica to ,engl& t ,que5 ,victoria gave him 8 title1 & al?\gh 9 ,london he _h a l>ge m$ical practice he nev] 0 ev5 ,doctor ,had54 ,9 ,engl& a surgeon1 h[ev] em95t1 is nev] address$ z ,doctor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,ris] ,engrav$ 9 pure mezzot9t 9 #ahig4 ,to ?is plate & ,sir ,seym\r's mezzot9t ,grayl+ ,fi%+ 0 aw>d$ ! ,m$al ( ,honor at ! ,p>is ,exposition ( #aijj4 ,size ( ! orig9al mezzot9t1 #h #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,h>le* ,9 ,h>le* ! arti/ has fir/ mezzot9t$ 8 composition & has !n /r5g!n$ & def9$ ! outl9es ) et*$ l9es4 ,?is is ! rev]se ( ! me?od employ$ by ,turn] 9 ! 8,lib] ,/udiorum40 ,turn] fir/ et*$ ! ma9 l9es ( 8 composition & !n f9i%$ ! plate 9 mezzot9t4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #ab in*es ,?is *ange to a title ( nobility rem9ds me ( a c\plet 9 ,?ack]ay's f9e ,iri% ballad1 8,mr4 ,molony's ,acc\nt ( ! ,ball03 ,!re 0 ,"l ,cr[hur/1 ,i knew him fir/ ,:5 only ,mi/h] ,pips he 04 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,am]ica he le>n$ to l our p greatly1 & x 0 8 int5tion to make u a second visit & to br+ 8 *>m+ ,am]ican wife along ) him2 b ?is purpose ( 8 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,%ortly be=e leav+ our %ores1 he said to me3 8,"o ?+ alone w\ld r5d] x impossible = me ev] to reside p]man5tly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t is ! intol]able & brutal insol5ce ( ! l[] classes40 ,to ?is ,i made answ]3 8,b1 ,mr4 ,had51 9 ,am]ica we h no #8l[] classes4' ,:at y suff]$ f ^! p 0 really y\r own fault4 ,x is all v well 9 ,engl& = a f9e g5tleman to bully & d5\nce ! cabman1 ! railway-port]1 & ! s]vants at hotels1 b x w n d "h1 & no ,am]ican1 h[ev] em95t1 ev] does x40 ,:5 ,seym\r ,had5 return$ to ,engl& he took ) him ! g5u9e good w ( _m ,am]icans1 & ! la/+ fri5d%ip ( n a few4 ,,! ,,wat]-,,colors ,,& ,,draw+s ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4,r4,e4 ,,by ,h4 ,,nazeby ,,h>r+ton ,au?or ( 8,! ,engrav$ ,"w ( ,sir ,francis ,seym\r ,had51 ,p4,r4,e40 ,z an et*] ! "w ( ,sir ,seym\r ,had5 is kn[n to all lov]s ( art ! wide _w ov]1 & n lea/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b 8 g5]al capacity z an arti/ 9 o!r =ms ( expression is less well kn[n1 p>tly f lack ( opportunity & p>tly f ! v limit$ am\nt ( mat]ial4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t art 0 n ! ma9 bus9ess ( 8 life2 x 0 b an occasional & fitful relaxation 9 a life devot$ to ano!r pr(ession & full ( o!r & v>i$ int]e/s4 ,! wond] is1 n t 8 arti/ic "w 0 s limit$1 b t x 0 s great & s successful4 ,:5 a m$ical /ud5t 9 ,p>is1 in/ead ( sp5d+ 8 ev5+s 9 ! usual frivolities ( ! ,qu>ti] ,lat91 he att5d$ ! classes ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,s*ool ( ,art1 :i* 7 held 9 ! same build+ z ! ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e4 ,?is 0 done1 n f any positive love = art1 b r ) ! fix$ idea t su* /udy w\ld tra9 8 p[]s ( obs]vation & make ! h&s m al]t to obey ! impulses ( ! w1 & 9 ?is way help him 9 8 surgical "w4 ,:at he dissect$ he drew1 :at he drew he model$1 & 9 ?is way obta9$ a rem>kable k ( anatomy & "s facility 9 ! te*nique ( graphic art4 ,9 ?is way he got into ! habit ( us+ draw+ z a sort ( %or?&1 & s1 :5 9 #ahdd he travel$ 9 ,italy1 8 di>ies 7 fill$ ) sket*es r ?an v]bal descriptions--sket*es t un=tunately h be5 too g5]\sly scatt]$4 ,:ile 9 ,italy he met1 & sp5t "s "t 9 ! company (1 ,duval le ,camus1 a capable ,fr5* arti/ :o pa9t$ a good deal 9 wat]-color1 & f him no d\bt he pick$ up "s k ( t m$ium4 ,9 ,naples & its neighborhood !y sp5t _m happy days sket*+ toge!r4 ,dur+ ! next f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ,seym\r ,had5 _h n mu* "t = ! practice ( art4 ,8 pr(essional "w took up all 8 "t & vigor1 b he always took a great int]e/ 9 art & arti/s & c\nt$ _m arti/s among 8 fri5ds4 ,he 0 appo9t$ ,surgeon to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & became a collector ( et*+s by ! old ma/]s1 n m]ely = ! sake ( acquisition b r = ! purpose ( /udy & comp>ison4 ,he also became ! possessor ( _m pictures & wat]-color draw+s1 among/ o!rs ( sev]al by ,turn]2 & s1 :5 9 #aheh 8 "y bro!r-9-law ,j4 ,m4 ,:i/l] return$ f ,france ) 8 rec5tly et*$ plates & 8 incit+ tales ( "w 9 ! ,p>is /udios1 ,had5 became readily infect$ & took up et*+ aga91 ) ! result we all "k4 ,!nce=w>d1 :5ev] a r>e aft]noon's holiday c\ld be /ol51 or a few mom5ts sp>$ betwe5 ! ca/s ( ! l9e dur+ ! annual vacation devot$ to fi%+1 or on ! r>] occasions ( a cont95tal holiday1 ! copp] plate or ! sket*+ block 0 br\ght into use4 ,& s we f9d sket*es done on ! ,?ames & ! ,ribble1 ! ,teivy1 ! ,te/ & ! ,spey2 9 ,holl& & 9 ,g]many1 9 ,spa9 & ,madeira2 at ,*atswor?1 9 ! old t[ns ( ,rye & ,w9*elsea1 & above all 9 ! fasc9at+ ,isle ( ,purbeck--sket*es done = 8 own pleasure or = 8 fri5ds1 ) nev] a ?\ght ( plac+ !m be=e ei!r ! critic or ! pur*as]4 ,! e>lie/ sket* t ,i h se5 is "o dat$ #ahda4 ,x is 9 p5 & sepia & repres5ts an e>ly morn+ execution outside ! ,old ,bailey4 ,at a fir/ glance x might be mi/ak5 = an et*+ by ,cruik%ank4 ,x measures only ?ree & "o half by two & "o f\r? in*es1 b is ma/]ly 9 its draw+1 & m>vel\s 9 its sugge/iv5ess ( a l>ge cr[d4 ,! draw+s done 9 #ahdd 9 ,france & ,italy v>y f m]e ?umb-nail sket*es to comp>atively f9i%$ draw+s4 ,"s ( !m 9 _! c>efulness & decision resemble ! e>ly draw+s ( ,turn]4 ,two or ?ree figure sket*es1 notably portraits ( ,duval le ,camus & ! ,m>quis de ,belluno 7two ( 8 companions71 are v expressive & full ( "*4 ,:ile 9 ,rome1 ?r\gh ! introduction ( ! ,m>quis de ,belluno1 ,had5 _h _m int]views ) ,pope ,gregory ,,xvi1 & dur+ two or ?ree ( !m he took ! opportunity ( sket*+1 on "o ( 8 %irt cuffs1 a some:at elaborate portrait ( ,8 ,hol9ess4 ,! ,pope v k9dly pr(ess$ n to notice :at ! arti/ 0 do+ until ! portrait 0 f9i%$4 ,he !n quietly rem>k$ t he 8n[ und]/ood :y ,m4 ,had5 _h att5d$ at ?ree audi5ces )\t a *ange ( l9540 ,"o w\ld give mu* to see ?is portrait 7:i* ,sir ,seym\r always said 0 an excell5t "o71 b x has disappe>$1 hav+ be5 l5t to a fri5d & nev] return$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,salmon ,,pool ,,on ,,! ,,spey ,size ( ! orig9al *>coal draw+1 #ad #bj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,old ,,oaks1 ,,*atswor? ,size ( ! orig9al *>coal draw+1 #ad #bj in*es ,! draw+s done aft] #aheh 7 mu* broad] 9 /yle ?an ! e>ly sket*es1 & v>y 9 me?od1 be+ 9 lead p5cil1 p5 & ink1 *alk1 *>coal1 & wat]-color4 ,?r[n (f 9 a mom5t ( inspiration1 z a poet w\ld ?r[ (f a lyric1 he *ose ! mat]ial :i* *anc$ to be at h&4 ,"s are on %eets ( writ+ pap]1 & _m valuable ones are on p]i%able blott+ pap]4 ,"h & !re among ^! 8slight0 sket*es are specim5s t 9 _! economy ( l9e1 _! /amp ( decision1 & _! int]pretative insight1 sugge/ ! "w ( 8 great ma/] ,rembr&t4 ,:at /rikes "o above all is _! vigor & 8bigness40 ,!re is no da9ty indecision ab\t !m2 !y g /raight = ! he>t ( ! subject1 giv+ ! vigor\s impression ( a vigor\s m9d4 ,!y d n give all t c\ld be said on ! subject1 b !y give all t he feels is be/ wor? say+4 ,!y make an intellectual appeal to ! m9d & d n tire ) unnecess>y platitudes4 ,! wat]-color draw+s %[ a good b sc>cely a great colori/4 ,!y are 9 ! 8gr&0 mann] & ! be/ ( !m h a f9e atmosph]ic quality1 z 9 ! ,d9kley ,f]ry "h1 :i* rem9ds "o ( a good ,de ,w9t4 ,! ,c\rse ( ! ,ribble is probably "o ( ! mo/ f9i%$ draw+s he ev] did1 & %[s to ! highe/ degree ( :at he 0 capable 9 ?is m$ium :5 "t all[$ & :5 lov+ c>e 0 ex]cis$4 ,x is wond]fully mell[1 good 9 color1 & true 9 draw+1 b has less ( ! :ite heat ( inspiration3--,i envy ! =tunate possessor6 ,! ,lanca%ire ,riv]1 a draw+ ( ! same subject z ! et*+ ) ! same title1 is p]haps 8 f9e/ piece ( color4 ,b x is 9 8 l>ge *>coal draw+s ( ! end ( ! sev5ties t he rises to 8 greate/ heights1--9 ! sket*es done ar\nd ,swanage 9 ! s\? ( ,dorset%ire1 & at ,*atswor?1 & two or ?ree drawn f ! /ores ( 8 memory4 ,:at a revelation x 0 to me :5--,i sc>cely l to c\nt h[ _m ye>s ago--,i fir/ pass$ into t peaceful little 8g>d5 room0 t look$ out ^u ! old-"t b[l+ gre5 at ,woodcote ,manor & saw ar\nd its walls "s f\r & tw5ty ( ^! l>ge *>coal draw+s6 ,x 0 z ?\gh "s new planet swam into my k56 ,i _h nev] se5 s mu* sugge/$ ) su* simple means4 ,two or ?ree h\rs' "w ) a %eet ( r\gh pap]1 a piece ( *>coal1 & a mezzot9t scrap]6 ,hea? & woodl&1 sea cliff & riv] gl51 radiant light & quiv]+ mi/1 h\ses sleep+ 9 ! sun & my/]i\s %ad[s lurk+ 9 ! corn]s ( ! qua9t old kit*5 or ! romantic ru91 or ly+ full l5g? be=e ! giant boles ( c5turies-old oaks2 all sugge/$ ) equal ease & magic ma/]y6 ,_m & _m an h\r did ,i aft]w>d sp5d 9 t little treasure-h\se1 ev] f9d+ fre% beauties reveal$ to me1 & le>n+ ?r\gh !m to see 9 ,nature mu* t _h previ\sly be5 hidd5 f me4 ,had5's et*+s _h prov$ him to be a great ma/] 9 l9e1 ^! draw+s prov$ him to be almo/ equally great 9 tone4 ,:at p>ticul>ly /rikes "o is ! v>iety & transp>5cy ( 8 %ad[s4 ,!y are n black pat*es1 b rec$+ planes ( v>y+ d5sities4 ,& :at atmosph]ic quality !y h6 ,driv+ mi/ & slant+ ra91 & sun rays p5etrat+ ! moi/ure-lad5 air1 z ?\gh by a magician1 are fix$ = u on pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,c\rse ,,( ,,! ,,ribble ,,bel[ ,,pre/on ,size ( ! orig9al wat]-color1 #ab #ai in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,d9kley ,,f]ry ,size ( ! orig9al wat]-color1 #aj #af in*es ,! orig9 ( _m ( ^! draw+s has be5 describ$ by ,sir ,seym\r himself 9 an article writt5 "s ye>s ago 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 8,on ! ,revival ( ,mezzot9t z a ,pa9t]'s ,art40 ,) ! idea t he c\ld use mezzot9t z he _h done et*+1 face to face ) ,nature1 he _h tak5 a previ\sly gr\nd$ plate to ! bank ( ! ,riv] ,te/ & attempt$ to scrape ^u x :at he saw be=e him4 ,! result 0 ! plate numb]$ #bcd 9 my catalogue 7,! ,te/ at ,longp>i% ,no4 #c71 int]e/+1 b n :olly satisfactory & incomplete 9 int5tion4 ,?is prov$ t1 unlike et*+1 mezzot9t 0 too sl[ a process ) :i* to "w f nature at a s+le sitt+1 & a return on a lat] day only prov$ t ! natural effect _h *ang$1 or t ! arti/ 0 9 a diff]5t phase ( m9d or n 9 ! humor to complete ! orig9al impression4 ,s in/ead ( tak+ a gr\nd$ plate out ) him he took a %eet ( r\gh pap] :i* _h be5 rubb$ all ov] ) *>coal1 ?is black surface correspond+ to ! mezzot9t gr\nd ^u ! copp] plate1 & on ?is prep>$ surface he scrap$ away ! lights4 ,z w be readily und]/ood1 ?is s(t] mat]ial c\ld be mu* m rapidly manipulat$ ?an ! h>d] copp]1 & s he f\nd t 9 two or ?ree h\rs ! desir$ effect c\ld be obta9$4 ,8 int5tion 0 to reproduce 9 ! /udio & at 8 leisure ! effects ( ^! /udies ^u ! copp] plate4 ,& s1 ) modifications1 9 sev]al in/ances he did--,i say ) modifications1 = x 0 almo/ impossible = him to closely copy ev5 8 own "w4 ,! ,salmon ,pool on ! ,spey provid$ ! motif = ! mezzot9t plate ) ! same title 7,h4 #bej71 & m closely ( ! little ,salmon ,riv]1 :i* s]v$ z a frontispiece to ,dr4 ,hamilton's book on 8,fly ,fi%+40 ,! ,encombe ,woods suppli$ ! subject = ! two plates ,h4 #bah & #bai1 :i* 7 int5d$ to be a comb9ation ( et*+ & mezzot9t1 b ! latt] "p ( ! project 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,?is too 0 ! case ) ,e>ly ,morn+ 7,h4 #bdd7 & ,by ! ,wat]s ( ,babylon 7,h4 #bde71 ,ars ,longa1 ,vita ,brevis 7,h4 #baj7 & ,a ,/udy ( ,rocks 7,h4 #baa71 all ( :i* 7 et*$ or dry-po9t$ f *>coal draw+s4 ,! only important plates inspir$ by ^! draw+s t 7 fully complet$1 7 ,ev5+ ,fi%+1 ,longp>i% 7,h4 #bci71 ,an ,e>ly ,ris] 7,h4 #bdj71 ,grayl+ ,fi%+ 7,h4 #bda71 & ,! ,pill> ( ,salt 7,h4 #bdf72 b !y are suffici5t to prove :at a s]ies ( ma/]pieces we h lo/ ?r\gh ! dimm+ ( ! eye & ! numb+ ( ! h& by rel5tless ,age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,encombe ,,woods ,size ( ! orig9al *>coal draw+1 #ad #bj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,had54 ,,an ,,eld]ly ,,c\ple1 ,,*atswor? ,,p>k ,size ( ! orig9al *>coal draw+1 #ac #ai in*es ,h[ev]1 we mu/ be ?ankful = :at we h1 & ! regret "o has t ^! draw+s %\ld be scatt]$ 9 diff]5t directions1 is temp]$ by ! hope t by "o ( ! m>vel\s photographic processes ( to-day ?is wond]ful s]ies ( visions may be reproduc$1 & s aga9 br\ght toge!r = all ( u :o love beautiful ?+s1 & :o rev]5ce ! ma/] :o produc$ !m4 ,,m]yon ,,& ,,baudelaire ,,by ,,william ,,asp5wall ,,bradley ,all ,fr5* poets ( ! middle "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 int]e/$1 !oretically at lea/1 9 pa9t+ & ! graphic arts1 :i* af=d$ !m an ideal & an example ( objectivity = _! own v]bal repres5tations ( reality4 ,f ,?ophile ,gauti]1 godfa!r ( ,p>nassianism1 :o res]v$ = 8 prose ! full res\rces ( 8 sup]b ,turn]esque palate1 to ,v]la9e1 creator ( decad5ce1 ) 8 limpid & lovely aqu>elles1 pictorial preoccupations 71 on ! :ole1 p>am\nt4 ,*>les ,baudelaire almo/ alone appe>s1 9 "p1 an exception to ?is rule2 b if1 9 8 "w1 ! purely visual elem5t is less pron\nc$ ?an 9 t ( mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies--if ! images ( sight yield !re 9 numb] & 9 cle> evocative p[] to ^? ( s\nd & ( sc5t1 !reby prelud+ ! way = a new poetic disp5sation--he nev]!less fits into ! late romantic tradition1 if only by reason ( 8 ke5 /hetic appreciation ( ! arts ( design1 & ( 8 association1 z a dis9t]e/$ fri5d or sympa!tic critic1 ) _m ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s arti/s ( ! age4 ,himself a rebel & an outlaw 9 ! doma9 ( or?odox ta/e1 ?\gh ) a di/9ct t+e ( ! traditional1 he 0 especially drawn to ! insurg5t lead]1 l ,delacroix1 8 *ampion%ip ( :om is z fam\s z 8 esp\sal ( ! cause ( ,wagn]'s music 9 ,p>is1 or to ! solit>y att>d ( romanticism :o1 l ,con/ant9 ,guys1 work$ out 8 own salvation 9 8 own way4 ,x is n t he did n welcome new movem5ts 9 all _! collectivity ( tal5ts & temp]am5ts2 b ^!1 to f9d favor ) him1 mu/ be v\*$ = by unmi/akable evid5ces ( creative vigor & orig9ality 9 ! individual arti/s1 n m]ely by plausible !ories or pret5ti\s dogmas pr(ess$ s*ola/ically4 ,intellectual di/9ctions c\nt$ b little ) him 9 matt]s ( art1 & a new way ( r5d]+ :at 0 actually se5 or felt seem$ to him ( inf9itely m importance ?an any m]ely academic discussion z to :at an arti/ %\ld or %\ld n look =1 delib]ately1 9 ord] to put x into or leave x out ( 8 pictures4 ,?us x 0 t :ile he %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s at ! reali/s :o 7 n really obs]v]s1 he turn$ an att5tive eye to ! "w ( ! gr\p ( "y pa9t]-et*]s :o1 ab\t #ahei1 7 beg9n+ to attract att5tion 9 ! salons4 ,baudelaire ?\ght highly ( et*+ because x af=d$ an opportunity = 8! mo/ clean-cut possible translation ( ! "* ( ! arti/10 & he 0 attract$ to ^? :o 7 engag$ 9 reviv+ ?is almo/ obsolete m$ium1 because !y gave cle> pro( 9 _! "w ( t p]sonal =ce & di/9ction :i* he valu$ above all else1 & :i* he 0 always on ! al]t to discov] 9 ! productions ( ! new & ! unkn[n4 ,9 8 article1 ,pe9tres et ,aqua-=ti/es1 includ$ 9 ! volume ( 8 collect$ works entitl$ ,l',art ,romantique1 ,baudelaire m5tions ! foll[+ et*]s z among ^? ?r\gh ^: ef=ts ! m$ium 0 to recov] its anci5t vitality3 ,seym\r ,had51 ,manet1 ,legros1 ,bracquemond1 ,jongk9d1 ,m]yon1 ,millet1 ,daubigny1 ,sa9t-,m>cel1 ,jacquem>t1 & ,:i/l]4 ,) at lea/ two ( ^!1 on ! evid5ce ( 8 publi%$ correspond5ce1#b he _h p]sonal relations3 ,bracquemond & ,m]yon4 ,! "n ( ! =m] occurs frequ5tly 9 ! lett]s ) ref]5ce to a device :i* ,baudelaire wi%$ to adopt z a frontispiece to ! second edition ( ,fleurs du ,mal4 ,! idea ( ?is device came to him1 z he writes to ,flix ,nad> 7,may #af1 #ahei71 :ile turn+ ! leaves ( ! ,hi/oire des ,danses ,macabres1 by ,hyac9! ,langlois4 ,x 0 to be 8an arboresc5t skeleton1 ! legs & ! ribs =m+ ! trunk1 ! arms ext5d$ 9 ! =m ( a cross break+ into leaf & %oot1 & protect+ sev]al r[s ( poison\s plants arrang$ 9 ris+ ti]s ( pots1 z 9 a gre5h\se40 ,9 ca/+ ab\t = an arti/ to execute ?is design1 ,baudelaire m5tions & dismisses ,dor1 ,p5guilly--:om he aft]w>d wi%$ he _h tak5--& ,cle/9 ,nanteuil4 ,f9ally1 p]haps at ! in/ance ( 8 publi%]1 ,p\let-,malassis1 he *ose ,bracquemond1--a mo/ unhappy selection z x turn$ out1 = t arti/ 0 ei!r unable or unwill+ to grasp ! poet's conception1 & ! plate :i* he et*$ = ?is purpose 0 n us$4 ,a few pro(s 7 pull$1 h[ev]1 & impressions 9 bo? ! fir/ & second /ates ( ! plate are n[ 9 ! ,samuel ,p4 ,av]y collection 9 ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 #b ,*>les ,baudelaire3 ,lettres1 #ahda-ahff4 ,p>is1 #aijg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,frontispiece ,,= 8,,les ,,fleurs ,,du ,,mal0 ,,( ,,baudelaire ,! sev5 plants symbolize ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9s1 & ! out/ret*$ arms ( ! skeleton w support1 lat]1 ! ,fruits ( ,evil4 ,?is romantic & rem>kable frontispiece 0 nev] us$4 ,baudelaire criticiz$ ! draw+ ( ! skeleton sev]ely1 z well z ! _s & arrangem5t ( ! :ole design4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #d in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,baudelaire ,f ! et*+ by ,flix ,bracquemond4 ,( ! same size z ! orig9al et*+4 ,evid5tly an excell5t lik5ess1 s9ce x exactly r5d]s t ecclesia/ical aspect ( ! poet :i* made "o ( 8 fri5ds comp>e him to a c>d9al4 ,baudelaire's negotiations ) ! 8t]rible ,bracquemond10 z he came to call him1 7 c>ri$ on = ! mo/ "p ?r\gh ,p\let-,malassis1 :i* p]haps af=ds a p>tial explanation ( ! misund]/&+ conc]n+ ! macabre frontispiece4 ,&1 al?\gh he speaks 9 "o lett] ( hav+ met ! arti/ & repeat$ v]bally ! in/ructions :i* he _h already giv51 ) *>act]i/ically m9ute att5tion to detail1 9 writ+1 no su* special int]e/ atta*es to ?is meet+1 by no means unique1 z to t betwe5 ,baudelaire & ,m]yon :i* occurr$ ab\t ! same "t1 & to :i* we owe "o ( ! mo/ vivid & fanta/ic pres5tm5ts we possess ( t mad g5ius4 ,9 8 ,salon ( #ahei1 ,baudelaire _h writt5 ( ,m]yon ) an en?usiasm :i* awoke a responsive rev]b]ation 9 ! brea/ ( ,victor ,hugo4 8,s9ce y "k ,m4 ,m]yon10 ! latt] wrote to ,baudelaire 7,april #bi1 #ahfj71 8tell him t 8 spl5did et*+s h dazzl$ me4 ,)\t color1 ) no?+ save %ad[ & light1 *i>oscuro pure & simple & left to itself3 t is ! problem ( et*+4 ,m4 ,m]yon solves x magi/]ially4 ,:at he does is sup]b4 ,8 plates live1 radiate1 & ?9k4 ,he is wor?y ( ! pr(\nd & lum9\s page ) :i* he has inspir$ y40 ,?is page1 :i* ,baudelaire aft]w>d incorporat$ 9 8 ,pe9tres et ,aqua-=ti/es1 :]e he speaks fur!r ( ,m]yon z 8! true type ( ! accompli%$ aqua-=ti/e10 & praises ! fam\s p]spective ( ,san ,francisco z 8 ma/]piece1 does1 inde$1 betray ! subtle p5etration ( ! poet into ! v _s ( 8 fell[-arti/3 8,by ! sev]ity1 ! delicacy1 & ! c]titude ( 8 design1 ,m4 ,m]yon recalls :at is be/ 9 ! old aqua-=ti/es4 ,i h r>ely se5 repres5t$ ) m poetry ! natural solemnity ( a great capital4 ,! maje/ies ( accumulat$ /one1 ! spires po9t+ a f+] to ! skies1 ! obelisks ( indu/ry vomit+ _! ?ick cl\ds ( smoke heav5w>d1 ! prodigi\s scaffold+s ( monum5ts "u repair1 reliev$ aga9/ ! solid mass ( ar*itecture1 _! trac]y ( a filmy & p>adoxical beauty1 ! mi/y sky1 *>g$ ) wra? & ) rancor1 ! dep?s ( ! p]spectives augm5t$ by ! ?\ght ( ! dramas conta9$ !re91--none ( ! complex elem5ts ( :i* ! dolor\s & glori\s sett+ ( civilization is compos$ is "h =gott540 ,grateful = su* recognition on ! "p ( a di/+ui%$ man ( lett]s :o 0 also accept$ z "o ( ! lead+ art critics ( ! day 9 ,p>is1 ,m]yon evid5tly wrote to ,baudelaire1 ?ank+ him1 & ask+ p]mission to call2 = 9 8 lett] ( ,janu>y #h1 #ahfj1 to ,p\let-,malassis1 ! poet writes z foll[s3 8,:at ,i write to-night10 he beg9s1 8is wor? ! tr\ble ( writ+3 ,m4 ,m]yon has s5t me 8 c>d1 & we h met4 ,he said to me3 ,y live 9 a hotel ^: "n mu/ h attract$ y1 because ( ! relation x be>s1 ,i presume1 to y\r ta/es4--,!n ,i look$ at ! envelope ( 8 lett]4 ,on x 0 #8,htel de ,?bes1' & yet 8 lett] rea*$ me40 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,m]yon ,f ! et*+ by ,flix ,bracquemond1 done 9 #ahec ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h_/ #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,m]yon4 ,,le ,,pont ,,au ,,*ange 8,9 "o ( 8 great plates1 he has sub/itut$ = a little balloon a flight ( birds ( prey1 &1 :5 ,i rem>k$ to him t x 0 lack+ 9 v]isimilitude to put s _m eagles into a ,p>isian sky1 he repli$ t :at he _h done 0 n devoid ( f\ndation 9 fact1 s9ce ces g5s-l ! imp]ial gov]nm5t _h (t5 releas$ eagles s z to /udy ! presages1 accord+ to ! rite1--& t ?is _h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! newspap]s1 ev5 9 ,le ,moniteur40 ,*>les ,baudelaire 9 a lett] to ,p\let-,malassis 7,janu>y #h1 #ahfj74 ,x is necess>y to int]rupt ! lett] at ?is po9t to expla9 :at is obscure 9 ! =ego+ allusion = "o n famili> ) ,baudelaire's haunts & homes 9 ,p>is4 ,he 0 liv+ at ?is "t1 n 9 ! ,htel ,pimodan :]e he dwelt s long1 & :]e he held ^? fam\s meet+s describ$ by ,gauti] 9 8 introductory essay to ,fleurs du ,mal1 b 9 mode/ qu>t]s 9 ! ,hotel de ,dieppe1 #bb1 rue d',am/]dam1 ^: pr9cipal advantage 0 its proximity to ! ,g>e de l',oue/ :5ce he took ! tra9 = ,honfleur on 8 frequ5t visits to 8 "m4 ,?us1 ?r\gh a biz>re confusion betwe5 ! two words1 ,dieppe & ,?bes1 is expla9$ ,m]yon's curi\s mi/ake 9 address+ 8 lett] to ,baudelaire4 ,! poet proce$s ) ! foll[+ report ( _! conv]sation3 8,9 "o ( 8 great plates1#c he ,m]yon has sub/itut$ = a little balloon a flight ( birds ( prey1 &1 :5 ,i rem>k$ to him t x 0 lack+ 9 v]isimilitude to put s _m eagles into a ,p>isian sky1 he repli$ t :at he _h done 0 n devoid ( f\ndation 9 fact1 s9ce ces g5s-l ! imp]ial gov]nm5t _h (t5 releas$ eagles s z to /udy ! presages1 accord+ to ! rite1--& t ?is _h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! newspap]s1 ev5 9 ,le ,moniteur4 #c ,! ,pont-au-,*ange4 8,i mu/ tell y t he makes no attempt to conceal 8 respect = all sup]/itions1 b he expla9s !m badly1 & he sees cabal ev]y:]e4 8,he drew my att5tion to ! fact1 9 ano!r ( 8 plates1 t ! %ad[s ca/ by "o ( ! masonry con/ructions ( ! ,pont-,neuf#d on ! lat]al wall ( ! quay repres5t$ exactly ! pr(ile ( a sph9x2 t ?is _h be51 on 8 "p1 q involunt>y1 & t he _h only rem>k$ ?is s+ul>ity lat]1 on recall+ t ?is design _h be5 made a %ort "t be=e ! c\p d'tat4 ,b ! ,pr9ce is ! real p]son :o1 by 8 acts & 8 visage1 be>s ! close/ resemblance to a sph9x4 #d ,an error ( ,baudelaire's4 ,! plate is ! ,petit-,pont4 8,he ask$ me if ,i _h read ! tales ( a c]ta9 ,edg> ,poe4 ,i answ]$ t ,i knew !m bett] ?an any "o else1 & = a good reason4 ,he !n ask$ me 9 a v emphatic mann]1 if ,i believ$ 9 ! reality ( ?is ,edg> ,poe4 ,i naturally ask$ him to :om he attribut$ all 8 tales4 ,he repli$3 #8,to a society ( m5 ( lett]s :o are v clev]1 v p[]ful1 & :o are 9 t\* ) ev]y?+4' ,& "h is "o ( 8 reasons3 #8,! ,rue ,morgue4 ,i h made a design ( ! ,morgue4--,an ,orang-ou-tang4 ,i h (t5 be5 comp>$ to a monkey4--,?is monkey murd]s two wom51 a "m & h] daught]4 ,i also h morally assass9at$ two wom51 a "m & h] daught]4--,i h always tak5 ! /ory z an allusion to my mis=tunes4 ,y w\ld be do+ me a great favor if y c\ld f9d out = me ! date :5 ,edg> ,poe1 suppos+ t he 0 n help$ by any "o1 compos$ ?is /ory1 s t ,i c\ld see if ! date co9cid$ ) my adv5tures4' 8,he spoke to me1 ) admiration1 ( ,mi*elet's book on ,jeanne d',arc1 b he is conv9c$ t ?is book is n by ,mi*elet4 8,"o ( 8 great preoccupations is cabali/ical sci5ce1 b he int]prets x 9 a /range fa%ion t w\ld make a cabali/ laugh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]yon4 ,,le ,,petit ,,pont 8,he drew my att5tion to ! fact1 9 ano!r ( 8 plates1 t ! %ad[s ca/ by "o ( ! masonry con/ructions ( ! ,pont-,neuf on ! lat]al wall ( ! quay repres5t$ exactly ! pr(ile ( a sph9x2 t ?is _h be51 on 8 "p1 q involunt>y1 & t he _h only rem>k$ ?is s+ul>ity lat]1 on recall+ t ?is design _h be5 made a %ort "t be=e ! c\p d'tat40 ,*>les ,baudelaire 9 a lett] to ,p\let-,malassis 7,janu>y #h1 #ahfj74 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,m]yon ,f ! draw+ by ,lopold ,flam5g1 made 9 ,may1 #aheh1 9 ,m]yon's room 9 ! rue des ,fosss-,sa9t-,jacques1 ! night be=e ,m]yon became dang]\sly mad & 0 tak5 by 8 fri5ds1 9 a cab1 to ,*>5ton = ! fir/ "t4 ,lat] he 0 dis*>g$1 & took up 8 lodg+ 9 ! rue ,dup]r1 & 9 ,octob]1 #ahff1 return$ to ,*>5ton1 :]e he di$ 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfh4 8,d n laugh at all ?is ) m*ants b\gres4 ,= no?+ 9 ! _w w\ld ,i wi% to injure a man ( tal5t4444 8,aft] he left me1 ,i ask$ myself h[ x happ5$ t ,i1 :o h always _h1 9 my m9d & 9 my n]ves1 all t 0 ne$$ to make me mad1 _h n become s4 ,s]i\sly1 ,i address$ to heav5 ! ?anksgiv+s ( ! ,ph>isee40 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is n surpris+ t ,baudelaire %\ld h be5 some:at disconc]t$ by ?is int]view :i* confirm$ s /rik+ly ! reports ( ! m5tal malady ( 8 visitor to :i* he _h allud$ 9 8 ,salon ( #ahei1 & t he %\ld soon h s\ght1 aft] "s brief int]c\rse1 to avoid p]sonal & private enc\nt]s :i* might h prov$ emb>rass+4 ,he gave notice 9 ways ! arti/ c\ld n long mi/ake1 t he did n wi% to cont9ue ! acqua9tance on a foot+ ( intimacy1 ?\gh1 z ,crpet1 9 8 ,*>les ,baudelaire#e po9ts out1 he by no means ceas$ to int]e/ himself 9 ! arti/1 sev]al sets ( ^: ,eaux-,=tes sur ,p>is he 0 in/rum5tal1 ) "o or two o!r admir]s ( ,m]yon1 9 hav+ pur*as$ by ! ,m9i/ry4 ,poor ,m]yon6 ,) an incomplete realization ( 8 own condition :i* r5d]$ him incapable ( div9+ ! real tru?1 he felt he _h (f5d$ ,baudelaire 9 "s way1 & f9ally address$ him ! foll[+ appeal1 tragic 9 its note ( noble & unconsci\s pa?os3 #e ,*>les ,baudelaire3 tude biographique d',eugne ,crpet revue et mise au j\r p> ,jacques ,crpet4 ,p>is1 #aijg4 8,de> ,sir3 ,i call$ on y ye/]day ev5+ at ! ,htel de ,dieppe4 ,i 0 in=m$ t y _h *ang$ y\r domicile4 ,i wi%$1 above all1 to see y1 9 ord] to le>n f y\r own lips t y 7 n angry ) me1 = ,i d n ?9k ,i h ev] done any?+ to y :i* c\ld s]ve z a motive = y\r *ange ( mann] t[>d me4 ,only1 z ! la/ lett] :i* ,i wrote y has rema9$ unansw]$1 & z ?ree times ,i h left my "n at y\r dwell+ )\t my hav+ _h ! slighte/ ^w f y1 ,i am entitl$ to believe t y h "s reason = break+ ) me4 ,i did n rem9d y ( y\r promise to write a newspap] article ab\t my "w1 because1 q frankly1 ,i 0 sure t y c\ld make mu* bett] employm5t ( y\r "t & ( y\r lit]>y skill4 ,my et*+s are kn[n to ne>ly all :om !y c\ld int]e/ & r too mu* good has be5 said ( !m4 ,z to ! int]ruption ( our relations1 :i* h be5 b ( brief duration & ( slight importance1 ,i agree to ?is )\t a ^w if su* is y\r desire1 & ,i %all cons]ve1 none ! less1 ! recollection ( ! em95t s]vices y h r5d]$ me 9 com+ to see me1 & 9 occupy+ y\rself ) me at a "t :5 ,i 0 utt]ly de/itute4 8,i h =w>d$ to ,m4 ,lavielle1 :om ,i _h ! advantage ( meet+ once ) y1 ! set ( my views1 rework$ & a trifle modifi$2 he has1 p]haps1 %[n !m to y4 ,i h _h difficulty 9 procur+ ! t5 sets ( !m 7! pr9t] be+ v busy at t "t7 t ,i h dispos$ ( ) suffici5t rapidity4 ,i h no long] any left & ,i h de/roy$ ! ,petit-,pont1 :i* ,i propose to engrave anew1 aft] ,i h made 9 x "s r important corrections4 8,adieu1 de> sir1 ) all possible good wi%es4 8,i am y\r s9c]e & devot$ fri5d1 8,c4 ,,m]yon4 8#bj1 rue ,dup]r40 ,! lett] to :i* ,m]yon ref]s 9 ! op5+ p>agraph ( ! =ego+ z hav+ rema9$ unansw]$ by ,baudelaire is d\btless t be>+ ! date ( ,febru>y #bc1 #ahfj1 :i* is ! only o!r "o giv5 by ,crpet 9 ! app5dix to 8 volume4 ,?is is x3 8,de> ,sir3 ,i s5d y a set ( my #8,views ( ,p>is4'#f ,z y c see1 !y are well pr9t$1 on ,*9ese tissue m\nt$ on laid pap]1 & consequ5tly de bonne t5ue4 ,x is on my "p a feeble means ( recogniz+ ! devotion y h %[n on my behalf4 ,h[ev]1 ,i d>e hope t !y w s]ve sometimes to fix y\r imag9ation1 curi\s ( ! ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,i myself1 :o made !m at an epo*1 x is true1 :5 my nave he>t 0 /ill seiz$ ) sudd5 aspirations t[>d a happ9ess :i* ,i believ$ ,i c\ld atta91 look ov] "s ( ^! pieces ) a v]itable pleasure4 ,!y may1 !n1 be able to produce ne>ly ! same effect ^u y :o also love to dream4 8,i h n yet t]m9at$ ! notes t ,i promis$ to make 9 ord] to aid y 9 y\r "w2 at all ev5ts1 ,i %all g to see y soon to discuss ! matt] ) y fur!r4 ,z ! publi%] recoils be=e ! /eps :i* w\ld /ill h to be tak51 he says1 = ! plac+ ( ^! pr9ts1 !re is no?+ press+ ab\t ! affair4 ,?us1 d n let ?is di/urb y4 8,adieu1 monsieur2 ,i hope t be=e y\r dep>ture1 ,i %all be able to pr(it by ! k9dly reception t ,i h receiv$ f y4 8,i am y\r v humble & v devot$ s]vant4 8,i am go+ to try to place sets ) ^? p]sons :o h be5 s good1 on y\r recomm5dation1 z to int]e/ !mselves 9 ?is "w4 8,,m]yon4 8#bj1 rue ,dup]r40 #f ,baudelaire _h already tri$ to obta9 a set ( ^! pr9ts4 ,9 writ+ to ,*>les ,assel9eau 7,febru>y #bj1 #ahei7 he commissions 8 fri5d to get f d\>d ,h\ssaye 8all ! engrav+s ( ,m]yon 7views ( ,p>is71 good pro(s on ,*9ese pap]4 ,p\r p>] notre *ambre1 z ,dor9e says40 ,he 0 n successful1 h[ev]1 at t "t4 ,9 quot+ ,molire1 ,baudelaire ref]s to ,to9ette's spee* 9 ,le ,malade ,imag9aire 7,act ,,ii slc v74 ,?is lett] r5d]s suffici5tly cle> ! k9d ( s]vice ,baudelaire _h r5d]$ ,m]yon ov] & above ! public praise conta9$ 9 8 writ+s4 ,:at1 at ! fir/ glance1 is less c]ta9 is ! "w on :i* ! poet 0 engag$ at ?is "t & = :i* ,m]yon1 on 8 own te/imony1 _h promis$ to assi/ him ) notes4 ,9 a foot-note to ?is lett]1 ,m4 ,jacques ,crpet /ates t x 0 8d\btless ,l'eau-=te e/ la mode1 an anonym\s article publi%$ by ! ,revue anecdotique 9 ! latt] half ( ,april1 #ahfb40 ,p]sonally1 ,i d\bt ! correctness ( ?is conjecture4 ,"o has b to turn to ,baudelaire's lett]s ( ! p]iod to see t !re 0 !n "u discussion ano!r piece ( "w = :i* ,m]yon w\ld h be5 mu* m likely to give assi/ance 9 ! =m ( notes1 s9ce x directly conc]n$ himself4 ,inde$1 ! matt] almo/ am\nt$ to a project ( collaboration betwe5 ,m]yon & ,baudelaire4 ,! publi%] ,deltre _h promis$ to br+ out an album ( ! 8,vues de ,p>is10 & _h ask$ ! poet to prep>e "s text = ! plates4 ,! fir/ ref]5ce to ?is t5tative und]tak+ occurs 9 ,baudelaire's lett] ( ,febru>y #af1 #ahfj 7j a week be=e ,m]yon's71 to ,p\let-,malassis3 8,& !n ,m]yon60--he broa*es ! matt] abruptly1 aft] hav+ express$ 8 impati5ce at ! attitude ( two o!r arti/s1 ,*ampfleury & ,duranty1 fri5ds ( 81 t[>d ,con/ant9 ,guys1 & at a c]ta9 note ( p$antry & dogmatism t 0 /eal+ into art "u ! influ5ce & sanction ( 8realism0--8,& !n ,m]yon6 ,oh1 z = him1 x is intol]able4 ,deltre asks me to write "s text = ! album4 ,good6 !re is an occasion to write "s rev]ies--t5 l9es1 tw5ty or ?irty l9es--on beautiful engrav+s1 ! philosophical rev]ies ( a ,p>isian flaneur4 ,b ,m]yon1 ^: idea is diff]5t1 objects4 ,i am to say3 on ! "r y see ?is2 on ! left y see t4 ,i mu/ say3 "h orig9ally !re 7 twelve w9d[s1 r$uc$ to six by ! arti/1 & f9ally ,i mu/ g to ! ,htel de ,ville to f9d out ! exact epo* ( ! demolitions4 ,m4 ,m]yon talks1 8 eyes fix$ on ! ceil+1 & )\t li/5+ to any obs]vation40 ,?us x 0 hi/orical & antiqu>ian notes t1 9 all probability1 ,m]yon _h promis$ to jot d[n to facilitate ! composition ( a runn+ comm5t>y on ! et*+s4 ,m]yon's ref]5ce to ! reluctance ( ! publi%] 9 ! v same p>agraph 9 :i* he speaks ( ^! notes1 s]ves to remove ! lea/ d\bt z to :at is meant4 ,:5 he tells ,baudelaire n to be di/urb$1 x is cle>ly z to ! "t at 8 disposal = ! prep>ation ( 8 text4 ,baudelaire1 h[ev]1 seems to h be5 less conc]n$ ab\t 8 own %>e 9 ! "w ?an ab\t ! fate ( ! project z a :ole4 ,evid5tly he 0 n satisfi$ at ! prospects ( ! "w ) ,deltre1 =1 on ,m>* #i1 #ahfj1 he wrote 9 a po/script to ,p\let-,malassis3 8,i turn my lett]1 to ask y1 v s]i\sly1 if x w\ld n be advisable = y to be ! publi%] ( ,m]yon's album 7:i* w be augm5t$7 & = :i* ,i am to write ! text4 ,y "k t1 un=tunately1 ?is text w n be 9 accordance ) my wi%es4 8,i w>n y t ,i h made ov]tures to ! h\se ( ,gide4444 8,?is ,m]yon does n "k h[ to g ab\t ?+s2 he kn[s no?+ ( life4 ,he does n "k h[ to sell2 he does n "k h[ to f9d a publi%]4 ,8 "w is readily salable40 ,& aga91 on ,m>* #ac1 he writes1 9 response to "s proposition f 8 fri5d3 8,relative to ,m]yon1 d y mean by buy+ ! plates to buy ! metal plates1 or r ! "r ( sell+ an indef9ite numb] ( pro(s f !m8 ,i c conceive t y fe> ! conv]sations ) ,m]yon4 ,y %\ld c>ry on ! negotiations by lett] 7#bj1 rue ,dup]r74 ,i w>n y t ,m]yon's great fe> is le/ ! publi%] %\ld *ange ! =mat & ! pap]4444 ,:at y say to me ( ,m]yon does n affect :at ,i write to y conc]n+ him40 ,! excell5t bus9ess s5se1 ! note ( prud5ce & pa9/ak+1 t comes out 9 all ?is correspond5ce on ! "p ( ,baudelaire1 & :i* is sc>cely less notable ?an 8 unwe>i$ devotion to ! int]e/s ( 8 fri5ds1 ought to g f> t[>d disc\nt5anc+ ! !ory t a poet _c be a good man ( affairs4 ,/ill aga9 he writes on ! same subject1 ) recapitulations ( :at he _h said be=e1 to ! same correspond5t3 8,i am v mu* emb>rass$1 mon *]1 to reply to y relatively to ! ,m]yon affair4 ,i h no rights 9 ! matt] :atsoev]2 ,m4 ,m]yon has repuls$1 ) a species ( horror1 ! idea ( a text compos$ ( a doz5 little poems or sonnets2 he has refus$ ! idea ( poetic m$itations 9 prose4 ,s z n to w\nd him1 ,i h promis$ to write = him1 9 return = ?ree copies ) ! good pro(s1 a text 9 ! /yle ( a guide or manual1 unsign$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ) him alone t y w h to treat4444 ,! ?+ has pres5t$ itself to my m9d v simply4 ,on "o side1 an un=tunate madman1 :o does n "k h[ to conduct 8 affairs1 & :o has execut$ a beautiful "w2 on ! o!r1 y1 on ^: li/ ,i want to see ! be/ books possible4 ,z ! j\rnali/s say1 ,i h consid]$ = y ! d\ble pleasure ( a good bit ( bus9ess & ( a good act40 ,& he comp>es ,m]yon's case ) t ( ,daumi]1 !n )\t a publi%]1 to w9d :om up1 8l a clock10 w\ld also1 he tells ,p\let-,malassis1 be 8a great & good bit ( bus9ess40 ,?is is ! la/ ref]5ce 9 any ( ! lett]s to ,m]yon1 or to ! album1 = :i* ,baudelaire nev] wrote 8 text1 s9ce no publi%] 0 will+ to publi% ! "w4 ,_h ,p\let-,malassis n fail$ 9 #ahfa1 x might h appe>$1 & !n1 9 spite ( ! re/rictions impos$ ^u ! re/ive _s ( ! poet1 we might h _h 9 ,baudelaire's text "s lit]>y equival5t ( ,m]yon's et*+s4 ,h[ sympa!tic ?is w\ld h be51 is %[n by ! descriptive & int]pretative passage f ! ,salon de #ahei already quot$1 :i*1 9 a few s5t5ces1 completely def9es ! =m ( ,m]yon's imag9ative g5ius1 & reveals ! inmo/ s\rce ( its p[] to /ir ! emotions4 ,!re 01 inde$1 mu* t 0 common to ! g5ius ( ,m]yon & ( ,baudelaire4 ,! "w ( bo? 0 pr(\ndly p]sonal1 & 9 bo? a p[]ful & somb] imag9ation 0 t+$ ) a subtle fantasy suppli$ by a morbid exagg]ation 9 ! s5ses1 :i* did n1 h[ev]1 preclude an int5se & ard5t preoccupation ) =mal p]fection4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^! two mod]n dtraqus pres5t 9 _! "w a solidity ( con/ruction & an absolute rectitude 9 ! r5d]+ ( _! moods & dreams1 t is sc>cely to be f\nd 9 ! "w ( ev5 _! be/-balanc$ & sane/ contempor>ies4 ,! art ( ,baudelaire has be5 comp>$ to t ( ,rac9e1 &1 9 ! same way1 ,m]yon's design has ! complete economy & control ( ,rob]t ,nanteuil or ( ,callot4 ,m5 l ^! make u d\bt & reconsid] our /ock di/9ctions ( 8romantic0 & 8classic40 ,! "w ( ,m]yon & ( ,baudelaire answ]s equally to bo? descriptions1 & assures !m a place ap>t 9 _! g5]ation4 ,?us1 :ile _! pa?s cross$ b = a mom5t1 & :ile !y nev] %>$ ) ea* o!r _! secret ?\ghts & aspirations1 !re is1 nev]!less1 no small int]e/ = ! /ud5t 9 ^! slight & fragm5t>y records ( :at1 _h x n be5 = a cruel freak ( fate1 might h prov$ an endur+ & fruitful fri5d%ip4 ,f,,lix ,,bracquemond3 ,,an ,,et*] ,,( ,,birds ,,by ,,frank ,,weit5kampf ,*ief ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,pr9ts1 ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y ,ev5 ! arti/ ( v>i\s int]e/s actively express$1--! v]satile arti/1 if t adjective be us$ )\t ! suspicion ( sup]ficiality :i* is (t5 its aft]ta/e--is v apt to become associat$ 9 ! public m9d ) "s "o specialty4 ,flix ,bracquemond is kn[n p>ticul>ly well z an et*] ( birds4 ,yet he has done _m ?+s1 m ?an "o well en\gh to h e/abli%$ a reputation4 ,at tw5ty he pa9t$1 & exhibit$ at ! ,salon ( #ahec1 a portrait ( himself1 9 a mann] t c>ries y back to ,holbe91 t ev5 fa9tly sugge/s ! _s ( ,van ,eyck 9 its precise & detail$ utt]ance4 ,! portrait cle>ly indicates 8 future activity1 = he holds 9 8 h& a bottle ( acid1 :ile et*+ tools lie on a table ne> him4 ,8 et*$ portraits are num]\s1 & include su* comp>atively free productions z ! ones ( ,legros & ( ,m]yon1 & ! l>ge1 m9utely f9i%$ "o ( ,edmond de ,gonc\rt4 ,! la/ nam$ is a *>act]i/ic & typical example ( ,bracquemond's art1 :i*1 ev5 :5 mo/ pa9/ak+1 someh[ or o!r nev] seems labor$4 ,bracquemond appe>s z a peculi> & int]e/+ m+l+ ( ,teutonic ?or\ghness & ,gallic esprit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,ducks ,,at ,,play ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ab #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,a ,,flock ,,( ,,teal ,,alight+ ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ab #i in*es ,! *>act]i/ic elem5ts 9 8 portraits--8robu/ness1 v]satility & a res\rceful ma/]y ( te*nique0--are peculi> to all 8 "w4 ,! same arti/ :o c>efully & ) hone/ & sympa!tic adaptation translat$ su* diff]5t products ( pa9t]'s p]sonality z ,millet's ,man ) ! ,hoe & ,meissoni]'s ,la ,rixe1 z well z canvases & draw+s by ,holbe9 7! magi/]ial portrait ( ,erasmus71 ,corot1 ,gu/ave ,moreau1 ,gav>ni & ,delacroix1 also1 "u ,japanese influ5ce1 et*$ num]\s designs = c]amic w>e 7he 0 = a "t a sort ( arti/ director at ! ,havil& factory at ,limoges71 fi%es & birds 9 swirl+1 decorative outl9e4 ,9 contra/ to ^! la/ nam$ are 8 num]\s well-f9i%$ pictures ( birds & mammals4 ,8 h>es1 moles & mice done ) lov+ emphasis on ! texture ( _! furry pelts4 7,! vision ( happy days1 se5 by poor bunny susp5d$ by "o leg1 0 reproduc$ z f> afield z ,pol&1 9 ,tygdnik ,illu/r[ny47 ,! birds1 ) ! delightful & /rong model+ ( _! bodies felt "u ! sleek surface ( _! fea!ry cov]+s4 ,a ma/] craftsman1 he has f\nd delight1 l ,buhot1 ,gur>d & ,mielatz1 9 te*nical exp]im5ts1 & 8 int]e/ & skill 9 reproductive me?ods are illu/rat$ 9 et*+s1 dry-po9ts1 aquat9ts1 li?ographs1 photogravures ret\*$ ) et*+1 engrav+s 9 color1 & plates %[+ comb9ations ( processes4 ,burty once wrote3 8,he contrives by repeat$ use ( ! acid on c]ta9 p>ts ( ! plate to get a black :i* = dep? & int5sity has nev] be5 equal$40 ,& ,m]yon av[$ ( him3 8,i _c et*4 ,t "o1 !re1 he is ! true et*]40 ,8 active int]e/s1 & 8 all-embrac+ outlook on ! life ab\t him1 f\nd expression 9 su* occasional productions z ! et*+s ( figures model$ 9 sn[ by ,fr5* sculptors 9 ,p>is dur+ ! ,commune2 ! symbolical li?ograph ( ,france def5d+ himself aga9/ ! ,prussian eagle1 :ile /rangl+ 8 own imp]ial bird2 ! c]amic complim5t to ,uncle ,sam3 ,! ,old ,_w & ,"y ,am]ica1 or ! v l>ge plate done z a memorial tablet = ,m]yon's c(f94 ,8 h& record$ ! placid1 rural beauties ( ,bas ,meudon & ! quick impression ( a /eamboat1 amus+ly describ$ by ,b]aldi 7see ,no4 #ahe74 ,& a bit ( woodl&1 possibly 9 ! ,bois de ,b\logne1 9 w9t] sn[s1 9 comb9ation ) a gaunt wolf probably /udi$ at ! ,j>d9 d',acclimatation 7! ,p>is 8,zoo071 gave him opportunity = 8 effective ,wolf 9 ! ,sn[1 also kn[n z ,w9t] 7,b]aldi ,no4 #ahj71 :i* 9 its _s ( desolation might be _m hundr$ miles f ,p>is4 ,& ) all ?is1 8 et*+s only h be5 spok5 ( "h1--& !y are ab\t #hjj 9 numb]4 ,b ! catalogue 7issu$ 9 an edition ( #bbj copies7 ( 8 "w exhibit$ at ! ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts 7,salon7 9 #aijg1 includes n only et*+s1 b pa9t+s1 wat]-colors1 pa/els & designs execut$ 9 embroid]$ silk1 c]amics1 iron1 cloisonn enamel1 jade1 wood & bookb9d+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,pheasants ,,at ,,dawn3 ,,morn+ ,,mi/s ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #ac in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,! ,,ba!r 7,,can>ds ,,surpris7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ad #aj in*es ,yet ! late ,walt] ,s4 ,c>t] ( ,brooklyn1 a mo/ ca?olic pr9t-collector1 v5tur$ fe>lessly on ! invit+ b n always safe slid+ pond ( analogy1 & proclaim$ ,bracquemond ! 8,mi*elangelo ( ducks40 ,)\t reg>d to ! mann] ( ! /atem5t1 we may accept ! classification4 ,= _h ,bracquemond nev] et*$ any?+ b 8 bird plates1 he w\ld h won 8 place 9 ! annals ( ! fasc9at+ art ( ne$le & acid4 ,p]haps he realiz$ t :5 he furni%$ a title-page design = ! ?ird volume1 devot$ to himself1 ( ,b]aldi's 8,graveurs du ,,xix ,sicle10 consi/+ solely ( a duck & a portfolio ( pr9ts4 ,mu* slight] 9 execution1 b m significantly allegorical1 0 8 frontispiece 7,b]aldi ,no4 #dhj7 = ! catalogue ( ! second portion ( ! ,burty collection4 ,x repres5t$ a /& hold+ an op5 portfolio f :i* pr9ts fly+ upw>d are gradually evolv$ into cranes4 ,ducks1 h[ev]1 h app>5tly be5 8 special delight4 ,he has pictur$ !m 9 action1 z 9 ! delightful oblong picture ( two ducks swimm+ 7,b]aldi ,no4 #ahe7 & 9 ! equally1 & amus+ly1 lifelike "o ( five ducks swimm+ hurri$ly to a c5tral po9t ( common int]e/4 ,or 9 allegorical attitude1 z 9 ! ,can>d 7,b]aldi ,no4 #aaf71 ! h]ald ( 8fake0 news4 ,he has obs]v$ ! teal along ! riv]side & ! ,gambols ( ducks 7,b]aldi ,no4 #bba71 done ) a simple & sympa!tic delight 9 ! do+s ( ^! wat]-f[l4 ,h>dly ev]1 p]haps1 has he bett] *>act]iz$ ! useful bird ^: call1 onomatopoetically imitat$1 has long s]v$ to *>act]ize m$ical *>latanry1 ?an 9 ! plate kn[n z ,! ,ba!r or ,can>ds surpris4 ,! ?ree birds1 :o h come d[n to _! accu/om$ swimm+ hole only to f9d x already occupi$ by a comely "y woman1 are alive & mov+4 ,! behold] c fairly see & he> _! wond] at ! unw>rant$ intrusion on _! rights1 & reg>ds _! wagg+ tails ) mu* ( ! fasc9ation t ,septimus & ,wiggleswick 79 ,w4 ,j4 ,locke's 8,septimus07 felt 9 ! same div]sion4 ,:ile ! duck app>5tly appeal$ mo/ to him1 ,bracquemond 0 attract$ also by o!r memb]s ( ! family ( ,aves4 ,! goose1 c\s9 to ! ,anas1 he %[$ collectively 9 ,geese 9 a ,/orm 7,! ,/orm ,cl\d4 ,b]aldi ,no4 #bai71 :i* may be /udi$ 9 ! ,av]y collection at ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 9 a s]ies ( t\*$ pro(s 9 :i* ! =tuit\s effect ( gradually add$ "w 9 ! sky gives some:at ! impression ( a /orm ris+ z y look at ! consecutive pro(s4 ,ducks 9 a ,m>% also move "u a l[]+ sky1 & 9 ,x's ,ra9+ ,pit*=ks 7,b]aldi ,no4 #bab7 ! flood-gates ( heav5 are fully op5$1 s t ! wat]-f[l appe> to f9d !mselves d\bly 9 _! elem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,geese ,,9 ,a ,,/orm ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #ac in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,sea-,,gulls ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #ah in*es ,bracquemond sometimes labor$ ?r\gh a numb] ( /ates on a plate4 ,! l>ge portrait ( ,edmond de ,gonc\rt 0 pati5tly c>ri$ ?r\gh a numb] ( progressive pro(s4 ,& 9 ! process ( ?us se>*+ = ultimate satisfactor9ess he may give u su* pleasant surprises z ! f\r? /ate ( ,morn+ ,mi/s 7,b]aldi ,no4 #ggi71 a pheasant piece1 ) its delightful backgr\nd addition ( trees--an airy1 light impression ( e>ly morn+4 ,he has done sev]al l&scapes ( a lightness :i* approa*es a ,legros-l delicacy1 s t x is p]plex+ to comp>e !m ) su* a fai?fully /udi$ b some:at h>d plate z t ( ! duck p]plex$ at sight ( a turtle 7,l',inconnu1 ,b]aldi ,no4 #agd71 & to realize t ! same h& did bo?4 ,v5tur+ /ill f>!r into ! field ( orni?ology1 he depict$ gold5 pheasants1 p>tridges1 swall[s1 ) sympa?y = 8 subject & an op5 eye = its arti/ic possibilities4 ,! human elem5t ent]s into ^! pictures v r>ely1 & !n only :5 absolutely 9 place4 ,s 9 ,at ! ,j>d9 d',acclimatation 7,b]aldi ,no4 #bad71 9 :i* two /yli%ly dress$ "y ladies are look+ at gold5 pheasants 9 an inclosure4 ,once1 at lea/1 9 ,sea-gulls 7,b]aldi ,no4 #ghb71 he felt & r5d]$ ! beautiful effect ( a circl+1 glid+ flight ( gulls ov] roll+ waves1 9 a graceful swirl ( l9es comb9+ into a h>moni\s patt]n4 ,! peculi> effect ( ?is la/ nam$ plate1 ) its m+l+ ( ,japanese & o!r influ5ces1 is 9 /rik+ contra/ to 8 e>ly & mo/ rem>kable ,haut d'un battant de ,porte 7,b]aldi ,no4 #aaj1 done at ! age ( n9ete571 9 :i* ! dead bodies ( ?ree birds ( prey & a bat are %[n nail$ to a b>n door1 held up z a w>n+ example 9 a n too smoo?ly fl[+ quatra94 ,to 8 plates ( moraliz+ or emblematic int5tion1 su* z ! "o j ref]r$ to1 or ! ,can>d 7,b]aldi ,no4 #aaf71 he delight$ 9 add+ su* inscriptions1 g5]ally 9 rhyme4 ,8 v]ses 9 su* cases p>take a little ( ! halt+ metre ( ^? :i* poor ,m]yon atta*$ to c]ta9 ( 8 plates4 ,su* et*$ lett]press additions appe> also 9 ,m>got la ,critique 7,b]aldi ,no4 #aac7 & 9 ,le ,corbeau4 ,! la/ nam$ del9eation ( an old b[-legg$ cr[ pres5ts a creature s weird1 s uncanny1 t )\t adv5titi\s effects x appe>s z a symbol ( "s s9i/] p[]1 felt ?\gh n realiz$4 ,b a /ill m fam\s plate1 because mo/ /rongly *>act]i/ic1 is ,! ,old ,cock 7! orig9al draw+ = :i* is own$ by ,samuel ,p4 ,av]y71 a ma/]ly portrait ( *anticle]1 9 all ! dignity & pomp ( 8 mature vigor & s]5e self-suffici5cy4 ,"h is ! poem = ?is3 ,h1 vieux coq1 ,vieux ,don ,juan1 ,vieille voix1 tu t'railles1 ,toi-mme tu s]as ,la pi]re du fe/9 fait tes fun]ailles ,et les convives1 las ,de livr] ta *air de trop rudes batailles ,se repos]ont des d5ts et des bras ,racontant l'envie1 tes am\rs1 tes combats4 ,he japoniz$ ?is magnific5t f[l 9 a purely decorative _s1 )\t ! psy*ological elem5t4 ,& on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! ,russian fleet to ,t\lon 9 #ahic1 he repeat$ & emphasiz$ ! !me to ! v]ge almo/ ( ! grotesque1 9 a repres5tation ( ! ,gallic cock1 a ,h]cules ( 8 k9d1 ) ! aggressiv5ess ( consci\s /r5g?1 trumpet+ =? 8 ,vive le ,ts>6 ) triumphant en?usiasm4 ,?is emblematic use ( orni?ological specim5s has be5 already ref]r$ to 9 ! case ( ! ,can>d4 ,x appe>s notably also 9 ,m>got la ,critique4 ,! critic may note t ,m>got happ5s to be p>ticul>ly unctu\s 9 ! /ate be=e ! v]ses1 b w n be o!rwise adv]sely influ5c$ by ?is et*$ philippic aga9/ 8 bre?r54 ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,! ,,old ,,cock 8,b a /ill m fam\s plate1 because mo/ /rongly *>act]i/ic1 is ,! ,old ,cock1 a ma/]ly portrait ( *anticle]1 9 all ! dignity & pomp ( 8 mature vigor & s]5e self-suffici5cy40 ,frank ,weit5kampf1 ,flix ,bracquemond3 ,an ,et*] ( ,birds4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,bracquemond4 ,,swall[s ,,9 ,,flight ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ab #aj in*es ,b besides ^! _m reali/ic /udies ( bird life !re are j ab\t z _m ( purely decorative int]e/1 %[+ /rong ,japanese influ5ce1 & mo/ly execut$ = c]amic decoration4 ,!re are also decorative comb9ations ( ,re$s & ,teal1 ,swall[s fly+ 9 graceful curves & swirls1 ,lapw+ & ,teal swimm+ & fly+4 ,"h aga9 we h an entirely diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,! lov+ /udy ( nature1 sometimes express$ 9 an uncompromis+ h>dness 9 ! reproduction ( =m or detail1 or else:]e 9 an almo/ playful lightness ( t\* 9 ob$i5ce to a pass+ mood1 appe>s "h ) q diff]5t results4 ,seem+ly endless *anges on ! same !me ( swirl+1 undulat+ curves ( fly+1 runn+1 /rutt+1 swimm+ bodies ( birds & fi%es delight ! eye ) ! rhy?mic fl[ ( ev] recurr5t acc5t on ! pure beauty ( l9e4 ,& at ! end1 :5 y h gone ?r\gh ! _m portfolios ( ,bracquemond's "w1 !re occurs to y 8 own /atem5t quot$ by ,clem5t ,jan94 ,x is to ! effect t a "w ( graphic art mu/ be> on its face1 undisguis$1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! te*nique by :i* x 0 produc$4 ,a li?ograph mu/ be a li?ograph2 a wood-engrav+ a wood-engrav+ & n ! imitation ( an engrav+ on copp] or ( a photograph4 ,a review ( ! arts ( reproduction proves t ?is is n ! truism x may seem4 ,x is a basic pr9ciple 9 all art1 & w be> e>ne/ & repeat$ emphasis4 ,& ! notable recognition ( ?is fact by ,bracquemond is a prime factor 9 8 success 9 ! art t has meant s mu* to him4 ,,augu/e ,,lep,,re ,,by ,,elisabe? ,,lu!r ,,c>y ,art ,editor ( ! ,new ,york ,times ,,x is ! fa%ion ( ! mom5t to specialize 9 art z 9 o!r pr(essions1 & we no long] expect to f9d ! multiple t5d5cies & ambitions ( a ,leon>do or a ,dr]1 or ev5 ( ! self-conta9$ ,rembr&t1 9 ! mod]n arti/4 ,he is a pa9t] or a sculptor or a wood-engrav] or an et*]4 ,he is ev5 m closely classifi$ z a portrait- or a l&scape-pa9t]1 an animali] or a decorator1 a dry-po9t engrav] or a disciple ( pure et*+4 ,if1 z sometimes happ5s1 he escapes f ! ?reads ( ! ,lilliputians & sw+s 8 arms 9 a wid] sweep1 x is 9 ! mood ( deprecation or excuse1 z a writ] may *oose to :ittle wood or hamm] metal 9 ord] to cle> 8 ^w-fogg$ bra94 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a :olesome & gr[+ impression among ?\ghtful obs]v]s t extreme limitation & re/riction produce weakness r ?an /r5g?1 & :5 we f9d an arti/ :o has some?+ ( ! anci5t flexibility ( m9d & h& x is wor? our :ile to acclaim him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,rheims ,,ca!dral ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ad #aj in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,belle ,,mat9,e4 ,,automne ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #aa in*es ,augu/e ,lepre has pursu$ a free c\rse ( developm5t1 r\nd+ 8 capacities1 & =m+ himself ) balanc$ & reasonable att5tion to div]sifi$ int]e/s4 ,he 0 born 9 ,p>is 9 #ahdi4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! tal5t$ sculptor ,franois ,lepre1 & he got1 no d\bt1 f 8 fa!r some?+ ( ! latt]'s ta/e = sugge/+ passion1 ev5 fr5zy1 9 small b monum5tal figures4 ,:ile q "y he /udi$ ) ! ,engli% engrav] ,smeeon1 & sp5t 8 fir/ pr(essional ye>s 9 ! s]vice ( illu/ration = ,le ,monde ,illu/r1 ,l',illu/ration1 ,le ,magas9 ,pittoresque1 & ,la ,revue ,illu/re 9 ,p>is1 ! ,graphic & ,black & ,:ite 9 ,london1 & ,scribn]'s & ,h>p]'s 9 ,am]ica4 ,tir+ ( ?is field1 he tri$ all ?+s4 ,he became 9 turn a metal-*as]1 a decorator ( lea!rs1 a c]ami/1 an et*]1 a wood-engrav] & a pa9t]4 ,if we consid] him *iefly z an et*]1 x mu/ be ) ! full appreciation t any craft ma/]$ by him is made subsidi>y to ! l>g] pr9ciples ^u :i* all works ( art are bas$1 :atev] ! m$ium or process4 ,he has consi/5tly decl9$ to fritt] away 8 admirable te*nique ^u te*nicalities und]tak5 = _! own sake1 & 8 "w 9 et*+ z 9 pa9t+ is ! "w ( an intellect conc]n$ ) ! problems ( rhy?m & h>mony1 color1 tone & =m1 :i* assail arti/s 9 e field4 ,z an et*] he receiv$ 8 initiation f ,bracquemond1 ! mo/ robu/ ( temp]am5ts & at ! same "t ! mo/ fa/idi\s ( te*nicians4 ,lepre has be5 wor?y ( 8 tea*+4 ,f ! fir/ he has s\ght to r5d] 8 impression1 record$ by a vision s+ul>ly prompt & syn!tic1 ) precise c>e1 pati5tly assembl+ all ! complex virtues ( 8 me?od to ! task4 ,to 8 slighte/ plate he has br\ght consci5ce & s9c]ity1 & also a quality )\t :i* all ! moral gifts ) :i* human nature may be end[$ w\ld h avail$ him no?+ z an arti/3 ! r>e capacity1 t is1 = reta9+ ! fre%ness ( 8 vision ?r\gh\t a sl[ process ( translation4 ,be=e exam9+ a few ( 8 plates to disc]n _! significant qualities1 x w be int]e/+ to consid] 8 own words on ! aim ( ! engrav]3 notes writt5 ) ref]5ce to ! *ange 9 me?ods ( reproduction f int]pretation by means ( ! engrav]'s art to ! use ( photography & ! resultant processes4 ,ev5 8 notes on engrav+ = ! purpose ( reproduction1 ?\gh less closely alli$ to ! "w ( 8 rip] ye>s ?an ! notes on engrav+ f nature z an orig9al art1 are excell5t read+1 s9ce !y ?r[ a cle> light ^u 8 ideals & def9ite convictions3 8,=m]ly10 he says1 8:5 an engrav] _h a "w to reproduce1 x 0 absolutely necess>y = him to see x4 ,he c\ld !n /udy x1 compreh5d x1 & consequ5tly extract its ess5tial pr9ciple1 simplify x1 adapt x to 8 mode ( expression1 engrave x4 8,if he _h n ! gift ( composition1 t ( design 0 necess>y 9 ord] to make 8 transposition2 t ( int]pretation1 9 ord] to ga!r ! idea ( ! creator ( 8 model4 ,8 "w 0 almo/ ! equal ( ! "w ( an orig9al engrav] :o usually int]prets a composition or a model giv5 by nature4 8,8 art 0 t ( transposition4 ,he took color or mass & made a song 9 a diff]5t key1 keep+ only ! relative values ( ! %ad[s & lights & ! cont\rs ( ! objects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,vue ,,du ,,port ,,de ,,la ,,meule ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #ab in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,peupli]s ,t,,t>ds ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #i in*es 8,photography has come to *ange all t4 ,x has facilitat$ ! task ( ! engrav]1 :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 has n ev5 se5 ! works he reproduces4 ,! sci5ce ( design is almo/ r$uc$ to kn[+ h[ to trace2 z = simplify+ a photograph1 x c only make matt]s worse4 ,su* z x is1 a photograph =ms a p]fect gamut 9 :i* no?+ c be *ang$ )\t los+ ev]y?+2 to extract a l9e f x is impossible1 s indisc]nible is ! passage f "o object to ano!r1 a figure 9 ! backgr\nd1 etc41 etc4 8,photography is a reproduction2 x becomes a betrayal4 ,:at is ! copy int]pret$ by ?is betrayal8 ,h[ c "o extract ! "* ( any?+ if ! true model is n !re8 8,"h1 !n1 is our engrav] oblig$ to copy ) 8 precise art f some?+ q vague4 ,photography sees ! globs ( color1 ! accid5ts ( a picture1 ) z mu* int]e/ z ! mo/ beautiful design4 ,:at w he put 9 ! place ( ^! accid5ts8 ,he traces1 he copies2 & z ! photograph is /upid1 he copies a /upidity4 8,he does ?is s ?or\ghly t he c be disp5s$ )1 ! means ( pr9t+ a photograph hav+ be5 discov]$4 ,:at imitates a photograph mo/ completely if n a photogravure8 ,?is atta9s to a degree ( imp]sonality s great t ! poor engrav] c no long] battle aga9/ x4 8,= ! engrav] :o possesses no faculty ( composition to d arti/ic "w x is necess>y t he be an int]pret]1 a simplifi]1 ) a v well-def9$ idea ( ! necessities ( 8 craft1 & t he "k h[ to draw directly6 ,he mu/ r5\nce all attempts to ov]/ep ! b\nd>ies ( 8 craft2 he mu/ n try to express colors4 ,"o may1 9 an engrav+1 express cold & heat2 t is1 inde$1 ! ma9 ?+4 ,b x is impossible to engrave r$1 yell[1 or gre54 ,^! are rese>*es t encroa* ^u ! doma9 ( ! pa9t] & spoil ev]y?+40 ,( ! orig9al engrav] m is exact$4 ,z a true arti/ he mu/ respect bo? 8 craft & ! quality ( 8 vision4 ,he mu/ syn!tize1 simplify1 express1 avoid photographic vision & trivialities ( /yle2 he mu/ employ only ! means =bidd5 to photography3 ^? well-affirm$ indications ( ! movem5ts ( ! po9t :i* are ! v f\ndation ( ! beautiful te*nique ( engrav+4 ,& 9 "o phrase is summ$ up ! ess5tial aim ( ! engrav] :o treats 8 art ) respect1 :e!r he uses x = purposes ( reproduction or = orig9al "w3 8,n to imitate4 ,to express40 ,lepre has foll[$ 8 own doctr9e to its logical conclusion4 ,nev] s]vile1 ev5 9 8 mo/ fai?ful portraiture ( a nature t en*ants him1 he works ) a pl5itude ( sci5ce1 b also ) unwe>i$ fre%ness ( inspiration & a sympa!tic feel+ = ! "* ( 8 subject1 :e!r x is a curve ( ! riv] ne> ,ntre ,dame :]e horses come d[n to dr9k1 or a poor man's hut ) climb+ v9es 9 bloom1 or ! wide m>%es ( ! ,v5de4 ,) ! passage ( "t 8 vision has gr[n l>g] & calm]1 8 int]pretations magi/]ial2 b 9 8 mo/ classic mom5ts he does n =get to infuse into 8 composition a /rong feel+ = ?is intimate *>act]ization4 ,he is a true creator1 liv+ n only above b 9 8 conception4 ,he is at once s]5e & mov$1 9 comm& ( 8 intellectual in/rum5t & impell$ by 8 p]sonal int]e/4 ,! ,j\rne d',inv5taire is a plate t %[s cle>ly ?is d\ble action ( ! arti/'s m9d4 ,! composition is /ately 9 bo? l9e & mass4 ,9 ! backgr\nd rises ! l(ty ar*itecture ( ! ,ami5s ,ca!dral2 9 ! =egr\nd1 9 deep %ad[1 is a gr\p ( figures div]sely occupi$4 ,! uprais$ arms ( ^! figures lead naturally to ! po9t$ ar*es & asc5d+ spires4 ,9 a simil> fa%ion1 ! /rong d>ks ( ! =egr\nd m\nt 9 dim9i%+ quantity ?r\gh ! heavy %ad[s 9 ! recesses ( ! doorways to ! lum9\s blacks t m>k ! sl5d] op5+s 9 ! t[]s4 ,x is a beautiful upw>d movem5t t repeats ! song ( ! ,go?ic _s4 ,^! wond]ful d>ks h also ano!r function4 ,e*o$ z !y are1 9 ! small1 %>p %ad[s ( ! multitud9\s detail1 !y s5d ! light quiv]+ all ?r\gh ! picture4 ,x p\rs d[n f a sky empty ( cl\ds1 & causes ! web ( decorative imag]y ) :i* ! /ructure is drap$ to %imm] l a fabric set ) preci\s /ones4 ,only a true ma/] ( ! subtleties possible to int]wov5 d>k & light c\ld ?us comm& 8 atmosph]ic effect1 & evoke f 8 slight & re/rict$ mat]ials ! gr&eur ( ! imm5se pile ( /one rais$ by ! h&s ( man1 & ! contra/+ evanesc5ce ( ! pass+ sun%9e c>ess+ e boss & holl[ 9 ! ri*ly manipulat$ surfaces4 ,x is p]haps n too mu* to say t no?+ m rem>kable 9 its k9d has be5 done 9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! elem5t ( drama is add$ by ! turmoil ( little figures 9 %ad[ at ! base ( ! ca!dral1 se5 9 m9ute detail ?r\gh ! transluc5t d>kness & agitat$ by _! human accid5ts & emotions4 ,! :ole _s ( ,france1 its imp]i%able monum5ts1 its sp>kle ( sun%9e1 its reasonable ar*itecture1 its vivid life1 may be inf]r$ f ?is rem>kable plate4 ,v diff]5t 9 s5tim5t & less close to p]fection 9 ! relation ( ! p>ts ( ! design to ! :ole1 is ,la ,*te de ,ballon2 yet ?is also is a beautiful plate4 ,z 9 ! ,j\rne d',inv5taire1 ! eye is l$ upw>d by ! ge/ures ( ! cr[d 9 ! =egr\nd to ! po9t ( int]e/1 ! balloon hung pois$ above ! trees & h\ses4 ,!re is ! same contra/ ( movem5t1 too1 9 ! agitat$ figures ( ! =egr\nd ) ! calm l9es & cle> light ( ! di/ance4 ,9 ?is plate1 h[ev]1 is great] piquancy ( light & %ade4 ,! abrupt l9es & m9or episodes are c>ri$ s f> into ! composition z to dom9ate ! g5]al impression1 leav+ ! op5 di/ance to play a second>y in/ead ( prim>y "p4 ,figures are hurry+ 9 excitem5t t[>d ! sc5e ( ! arial drama2 tree bran*es are toss+1 !re are little re/less cl\ds pass+ rapidly across ! sky2 ! air is brisk1 x is a bright day1 !re is mu* to see & d1 & int]e/ is ke5--t is ! /ory "o c>ries away f ! h&some1 /irr+ pr9t1 & also a subtle poetic sugge/ion t beyond ! t[n1 z "o foll[s ! sl[ l5g? ( a :ite cliff1 to :]e x meets ! horizon1 is a v great _w t turns f night to day1 f day to night1 int]m9ably1 un*eck$ & unspe$$ by ! pass+ /orms ( human glee & human woe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,le ,,m\l9 ,,des ,,*apelles ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #e in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,a ,,g5tilly ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #i in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,la ,,*aumi,,re ,,du ,,vieux ,,pe*eur ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #ae in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,le ,,nid ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #f in*es ,la ,se9e l',emb\*ure du ,canal ,sa9t-,m>t9 is m commonplace 9 subject1 ! riv] & its b>ges hav+ ent]$ into ! arti/ic life ( ne>ly all ,fr5* et*]s2 b h[ few c\ld pass ) su* sur5ess ( plan1 su* precision ( execution1 f ! d>k bulk ( ! vessel 9 ! l[] left corn] to ! snapp+ black ( ! tree-top 9 ! upp] "r corn]1 along a p]fect diagonal1 )\t a suspicion ( /iffness or =malism 9 ! flu5t arrangem5t ( innum]able details ( patt]n6 ,?is /rong s5se ( appropriate & au/]e design1 support$ by su* an easy grace ( h&l+1 is unusual 9 any age1 & especially 9 our own1 :5 grace & au/]ity f9d x almo/ impossible to live toge!r 9 "o man's "w4 ,turn+ away f ^! subjects1 9 :i* nature pres5ts a wide range to ! arti/ & inspires him to bread? & dignity ( treatm5t1 to ! qua9t & t\*+ subjects drawn f peasant life 9 ! ,v5dean homes1 we f9d b5ea? ! admirable =m ( ,lepre's expression ?\ghts t5d] & m]ry & fill$ ) sympa?y = common exp]i5ce4 ,8 "w becomes picturesque & liv+1 ! mood ( ! obs]v] *anges 9 response1 & ! pleasure giv5 is t inspir$ by simple ?+s1 al?\gh ! treatm5t ( ! giv5 sc5e is (t5 f> f simple4 ,:ile all ^! plates are admirably expressive1 "o 9 p>ticul>1 ,le ,nid1 seems to me fill$ ) melody1 color & *>m z well z ) ! effici5t intellig5ce always to be f\nd 9 ,lepre's "w4 ,a little solid h\se ) ?ick walls /&s 9 gre5]y4 ,*ildr51 natural1 happy1 unconc]n$1 are play+ 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,beyond is a curve ( l[ hill & a glimpse ( flat pla92 & /ill beyond1 a little t[n ) its spire4 ,x is all v nave & fre%2 ! outdoor sett+ has mu* beauty2 ! types ( ! *ildr5 are unhackney$2 ! ge/ures & positions unconv5tional & spontane\s4 ,a m]e glance reveals ! felicity ( ! subject-matt]1 b long] acqua9tance is necess>y be=e all ! res\rces ( ! design are appreciat$4 ,ev5 9 ?is playful note ( pleasant summ] pa/ime we get some?+ ( ! gravity & s]i\s purpose indisp5sable to great et*]s z to great pa9t]s4 ,x 0 ?is *>act]i/ic t l$ ,lepre to pull d[n all ! detail ( ! middle di/ance bel[ ! noble sw++ l9e ( ! hillock1 9 ord] to keep ! sev]ity ( t magnific5t curve4 ,x 0 ?is :i* l$ him to foll[ a repeat+ curve 9 ! arrangem5t & environm5t ( ! *ildr51 app>5tly s c>elessly dispos$ among _! %rubs & fl[]s4 8,let all ?+s play & bloom & make holiday10 he seems to exclaim 9 ?is r>e plate1 8s long z ! p[] ( my design is n weak5$ by !m40 ,! arti/ ^: "w says t to u is sure ( long life 9 our memories4 ,!re are sev]al ( ^! subjects 9 :i* *ildr5 at play ne> _! homes are ! pr9cipal feature1 & x w\ld be easy to f9d 9 ea* "s special note ( gaiety & *>m & quick ,gallic wit4 ,9 ,les deux ,b\rr9es1 = example1 ! gr\ps ( little ugly creatures1 :o =m aga9 a curv$ l9e ( beauty1 are *>act]iz$ ) a frank acceptance ( _! unclassic physiognomies t w\ld h delight$ ! he>t ( ,daumi]4 ,le ,nid de ,pauvres is n less romantic 9 its ,go?ic avoidance ( ! ideal type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,,prov9s ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,l',,eglise ,,de ,,j\y ,,le ,,m\ti] ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,lep,,re4 ,l',,enfant ,,prodigue ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #ab in*es ,classic ,lepre c be1 h[ev]1 ) a curi\sly vital appreciation ( :at ! liv+ classic mu/ h be54 ,he has an et*+ ( a sw9eh]d ent]+ ! y>d 9 :i* ! bea/s are p5n$4 ,!y move1 grunt+1 t[>d him4 ,outside is a clu/] ( great trees ) bu%y foliage4 ,! light is cle> & w>m4 ,! folds ( ! sw9eh]d's mantle & 8 ge/ure are ,greek4 ,8 figure might h pass$ across ! ,a!nian /age1 "o fancies1 at ! "t ( ,sophoclean drama4 ,& ! l&scape has ! deep repose immortaliz$ 9 classic v]se--su* songs z 9 8 extreme old age ,sophocles made to d honor to 8 native village3 ,our home1 ,colonus1 gleam+ fair & :ite3 ,! night+ale /ill haunte? all our woods1 ,gre5 ) ! flu% ( spr+2 ,& sweet1 melodi\s floods ,( s(te/ song ?r\gh grove & ?icket r+4 ,lepre is n (t5 f\nd 9 ?is mood1 h[ev]1 & ! sw9eh]d plate _c be consid]$ :olly *>act]i/ic ( 8 temp] ( m9d4 ,x seems to h be5 "o ( ^? r>e happ5+s :5 ! m9d is lift$ above its habitual plane1 occasion s]ves1 & ! tra9$ h& ob$i5tly records a mom5t ( peculi> exaltation4 ,he is p]haps mo/ ( all 8 daily self 9 ! little plate call$ ,le ,m\l9 des ,*apelles4 ,"h he %[s u ! ma*9]y ( ! mill & ! r\nd :ite column ( ! /ructure z o!rs h done1 b he also %[s u :at o!rs seldom d--! use ( ! mill4 ,a pati5t horse is /&+ ne>1 a man is %ift+ ! bags ( fl\r to 8 back4 ,x is n a m]e accid5t ( l&scape2 x has a social & utilit>ian function2 x is connect$ ) human life4 ,?is is ! mo/ *>act]i/ic attitude ( m9d = an arti/ s al]t to ! significance ( visible ?+s2 & x is imm5sely to 8 cr$it z an arti/ t he almo/ nev] p]mits ?is ke5 & ?robb+ int]e/ 9 ! _w ab\t him to trespass ^u 8 logical use ( 8 great in/rum5t4 ,if organization ( l9e & space1 ability to e/abli% 9 ea* ( 8 compositions a decorative s*eme adequate to support easily all ! delightful episodes & figures :i* he *ooses to introduce1 is ! mo/ important elem5t 9 ,lepre's arti/ic equipm5t1 ! next 9 significance is ! cl>ity & precision ( 8 utt]ance4 ,!re is no vapor 9 8 imag9ation2 he is a poet z well z an arti/1 ) a poet's s5sitiv5ess to def9ition ( =m4 ,all t he lacks is ! int5sity ( emotion t sweeps away int]e/ 9 ev]y?+ b ! p]sonal feel+4 ,we suspect t ! _w = him w always be 8full ( a numb] ( ?+s10 & t he w n be able to =get any ( !m 9 ! exaltation ( pr(\nd self-absorption4 ,b he has a g5ius = infus+ a ri* sugge/iv5ess into all t he obs]ves1 & = giv+ 8 n>rative an epic "*4 ,,h]man ,a4 ,,web/] ,,by ,,m>t9 ,,h>die 8,did y ev] see a b>b] %>p5 8 razor8 ,t's :at x wants--! decision & ! smacks40 ,t is "o ( ! _m qua9t rem>ks t old ,john ,v>ley us$ to hurl at ! pupils :o came to him = lessons 9 ! complete art ( pa9t+ 9 wat]-color4 ,x is a rem>k v appropriate to ! va/ quantity ( et*+s1 me*anically correct1 b unimpassion$ & un9t]e/+1 :i* are produc$ to-day4 ,!re are wond]fully few et*]s ^: "w /rikes a note ( imag9ation & individuality1 & appeals by its =ce & directness1 its decisions & its smacks4 ,"o ( t small company is ,mr4 ,h]man ,a4 ,web/]4 ,an arti/'s life is writt5 9 8 "w1 & ! cold facts ( 8 biography are ( little real importance4 ,to "s ext5t1 h[ev]1 !y act z a comm5t>y ^u 8 productions1 & at ! wor/ !y s]ve to satisfy ! n unp>donable curiosity :i* impels all ( u to inquire into ! age & life-hi/ory ( any man ^: pictures or pr9ts awak5 our in/ant sympa?y4 ,s ,i put "h a few outl9es ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s c>e]1 m]ely ! mile-/ones t m>k ! r\te along :i* he has proce$$4 ,x has be5 a c>e] ( /r5u\s activity1 = ! arti/ :o n[ pr9ts 8 f9ely-wr\ght plates 9 8 /udio 9 ! ,rue de ,fur/5b]g at ,p>is 7! /reet ( :i* ,:i/l] made a li?ograph 9 #ahid7 has graduat$ at a fam\s univ]sity1 travel$ r\nd ! _w1 sp5t two ye>s 9 comm]cial life1 toil$ z g5]al report] to a big daily pap]1 work$ 9 a coal-m9e1 & act$ z assi/ant ca%i] 9 a bank4 ,& ! tale ( 8 ye>s is only j ov] ?irty1 = he 0 born 9 #ahgh4 ,ne$ ,i add--= an ,engli% read] x w\ld be q sup]flu\s--t ,mr4 ,web/] is an ,am]ican1 ) ,new ,york z 8 native city8 ,mr4 ,web/] came into ! _w ) an innate love ( art4 ,9 8 s*ool-days1 be=e he _h receiv$ any in/ruction 9 draw+1 he made po/]s1 t 7 p]haps crude b n ineffective1 = ! s*ool games2 & at ,yale he 0 "o ( ! editors & a valu$ illu/rator ( ! ,yale ,record4 ,?is love ( art 0 fo/]$ by a visit to ! #aijj ,exposition at ,p>is1 :]e ! g5ius loci has a /rong] spell = ! "y arti/ ?an any:]e else ^u e>?4 ,/udios & re/aurants ( ! ,qu>ti] ,lat9 are fragrant ) great memories1 /ill haunt$ by ! mighty spirits ( ! pa/3 ,l\vre & ,luxemb\rg are fill$ ) ! liv+ realities t abide4 ,amid ! en*antm5t ( ?is arti/ic atmosph]e1 ) all its traditions & associations1 ,mr4 ,web/] l+]$ = "s mon?s1 & !n set out on a trans-,sib]ian t\r to ! ,ori5t1 /ay+ long en\gh 9 ,japan & ,*9a = 8 natural in/9ct to be quick5$ by ! m>vel\s art :i* has ex]t$ s /rong an influ5ce on ! ,we/]n _w4 ,on return+ home 8 desire to adopt art z 8 life-call+ 0 *eck$ by family opposition4 ,"h 9 ,engl&--= ,i write z "o ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s ,engli% admir]s--_m a boy arti/ has be5 ?w>t$ by a fooli% antipa?y 9 ! home circle to art 9 ! ab/ract1 b = a p>5t 9 ! ,new ,_w ! conviction mu/ be ev5 m s9c]e t bus9ess is ! only lucrative pr(ession1 :ile art is at lea/ some?+ prec>i\s1 if n a d[nw>d road to pov]ty & />vation4 ,& s1 at 8 fa!r's wi%1 ,mr4 ,web/]1 9 ! (fice ( ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald & else:]e1 s]v$ two ye>s ( bondage to comm]ce4 ,det]m9ation1 h[ev]1 won its way at la/1 & 9 ,febru>y1 #aijd1 he set out to ,p>is ) ! family cons5t to 8try x = a ye>40 ,t ye> is /ill cont9u+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 8,8 *ief delight is 9 ! nooks & corn]s ( old-_w ?or\ghf>es & culs-de-sac1 :]e deep %ad[s lurk 9 ! angles ( "t-worn build+s1 & sunlight ripples ov] crumbl+ walls1 seamy gables1 & irregul> til$ ro(s40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #c in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,la ,,rue ,,gr5i] ,,sur ,l',,eau1 ,,p>is 8,a f\r? plate1 p]haps ev5 f9] ?an any ( ^! 9 its =ce1 directness1 & conc5trat$ simplicity1 is ! ,rue ,gr5i] sur l',eau4 ,!re is mu* ( ,m]yon 9 its cle>1 crisp l9e-"w40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #d in*es ,sev5 mon?s dur+ #aijd 7 sp5t at ! ,acadmie ,juli5 "u ,jean ,paul ,laur5s1 9 /udy f ! nude2 & t is ! only academic in/ruction :i* ,mr4 ,web/] has receiv$4 ,a few mon?s aft] 8 arrival 9 ,p>is1 *ance l$ him to ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 :]e he saw "s ( ,m]yon's et*+s1 & fell in/antly "u ! spell ( ! great arti/ ^: s9i/] ne$le fir/ reveal$ ! my/]i\s & somb] poetry ( ,p>is & ! ,se9e4 ,f ,m]yon & f books he =?) taught himself to et*1 receiv+ no outside in/ruction1 b evolv+ 8 own me?ods till he atta9$ ma/]y ( ! 8teas+1 temp]-try+1 yet fasc9at+ art0--a ma/]y ! m valuable & complete 9 t x 0 bas$ on 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,a fir/ attempt 0 made f 8 /udio w9d[ 9 ! ,rue de ,fur/5b]g1 & "s copp]plates w5t ) him on 8 autumn holiday at ,grez1 t 8pretty & v melan*oly village0 9 ! ,=e/ ( ,fonta9ebleau1 :]e ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son met ! romance ( 8 life4 ,z ! fir/-fruits ( ?is holiday ?ree little et*+s won _! way into ! next summ]'s ,salon--! ,rue de l',abbaye1 ,! ,lo+ at ,grez1 & ,! ,c\rt1 ,b\rron1 ! la/ be+ ! =]unn] ( sev]al subjects ( simil> type4 ,at ! ,salon also 0 hung a l>ge oil-pa9t+ ( /ill life1 a /udy ( fabrics & porcela92 b ?\gh color w no d\bt claim allegiance aga91 ,mr4 ,web/] has be5 too closely held 9 ?rall by et*+ to essay fur!r exp]im5ts 9 ! pa9t]'s craft4 ,a pilgrimage to ,spa9 9 ! spr+ ( #aije 0 ! s\rce ( sev]al spontane\s & effective plates1 among !m ,/4 ,m>t9's ,bridge1 ,tol$o1 & ,mirada de las ,re9as1 ,alhambra4 ,up to ?is po9t ,mr4 ,web/]'s "w may be consid]$1 9 a l>ge measure1 t5tative & exp]im5tal1 b f #aijf onw>d he has f\nd 9 ,norm&y--at ,pont de l',ar*e & ,r\5--at ,bruges1 & above all 9 ,p>is1 ! inspiration = a s]ies ( plates notewor?y = _! f9e craftsman%ip & _! expression ( individuality4 ,!y h won him ! recognition ( connoisseurs & public )\t 8 pass+ ?r\gh any p]iod ( undes]v$ obscurity4 ,at ! ,p>is ,salon1 at ! ,royal ,academy1 & 9 8 native l&1 8 et*+s h con/antly be5 exhibit$ & admir$4 ,nor mu/ ,i =get to add t 9 #aijh he 0 elect$ an ,associate ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,pa9t]-,et*]s1 :i*1 "u ! presid5cy ( its vet]an f\nd]1 ,sir ,francis ,seym\r ,had51 has done s mu* to fo/] ! reviv$ art ( et*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,quai ,,montebello 8,few et*]s h ev] prea*$ ! gospel ( light ) m tru? & e>ne/ness ?an ,web/] himself 9 ! ,quai ,montebello & _m o!r plates40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #e in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,le ,,pont ,,neuf1 ,,p>is 8,a fitt+ companion to ?is vision ( ,notre ,dame is ,le ,pont ,neuf1 ano!r ( ! et*]'s l>ge/ & mo/ di/+ui%$ plates4 ,! /]n solidity ( ! bridge1 ) its massive masonry1 its corbel$ turrets1 & its deeply %ad[$ ar*es1 makes pleas+ contra/ ) ! irregul> sky-l9e ( ! sunlit h\ses t rise beyond40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #aa in*es ,x is ( "s ( ! *ief works produc$ & exhibit$ dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s t ,i h n[ to speak1 & 9 do+ s may p]haps indicate a few lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! et*]'s "w4 ,8 *ief delight is 9 ! nooks & corn]s ( old-_w ?or\ghf>es & culs-de-sac1 :]e deep %ad[s lurk 9 ! angles ( "t-worn build+s1 & sunlight ripples ov] crumbl+ walls1 seamy gables1 & irregul> til$ ro(s4 ,( su* is a s]ies ( subjects f\nd 9 old ,r\5--! ,/4 ,ou52 ! ,rue du ,hallage1 :]e ! ca!dral spire t[]s high above old timb]$ h\ses2 & t *>m+ plate ) ! title ,old ,h\ses1 ,r\51 a qua9t corn] ( t5em5ts ^: high-pit*$ ro(s /& propp$ aga9/ "o ano!r = all ! _w l a ca/le ( c>ds4 ,! et*] ( ?is & ( ! ,/4 ,ou5 0 welcom$ ) w>m sympa?y by ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts1 :i* said t 8nev] be=e has !re be5 s f]v5t & skill$ an int]pret] ( ! b[$ timb] & crumbl+ pla/] ( ! old h\ses ( ,r\51 :i* l9e ! /reet end+ 9 ! ca!dral ) its po9t$ spire aga9/ ! op5 sky40 ,& s we pass to two c\rty>d sc5es--belong+1 l ! ,r\5 subjects1 to ! ye> #aijf--! ,c\r1 ,norm&ie1 & ,les ,blan*isseuses4 ,9 bo? we f9d ! arti/ becom+ m adept 9 us+ broad & balanc$ disposition ( light & %ade to give n m]ely *i>oscuro b ! sugge/ion ( actual color1 & m skill$ 9 add+ exquisit5ess ( detail to ref9$ tru? ( visual impression4 ,les ,blan*isseuses1 9 p>ticul>1 ) its ri* my/]y ( %ad[1 ) its sun%9e fall+ on :ite walls & light+ ! seam$ int]/ices ( pla/] & timb]1 has an indef9able *>m t1 = myself at any rate1 makes x a high-wat] m>k 9 ,mr4 ,web/]'s art4 ,( simil> type is ! ,old ,butt] ,m>ket1 ,bruges1 :]e a cobbl$ /reet curves b5ea? a %ad[$ ar*way2 & !n = v>iety y /ep f ,bruges la ,morte1 f ! sil5t cobbles t c5turies ago 7 a busy ?or\ghf>e = r++ feet1 to ! ,bruges ( to-day4 ,x is ,bruges 9 a v diff]5t aspect1 ?is free & spirit$ /udy made on ,july #bg1 #aijg1 on ! day ( ! ,fte de l',arbre d',or1 giv+ a quick impression ( gay holiday cr[ds1 ( bann]s flutt]+ aga9/ ! op5 sky1 & ( ! 8belfry old & br[n0 ^: c>illon inspir$ ,am]ica's poet1 z its tall =m & frett$ outl9e h inspir$ ! ,am]ican et*] ( :om ,i write4 ,?is ,bruges en ,fte1 & ,paysanne1 a clev] & direct figure-/udy ( an old peasant at ,m>lotte1 come z an episode ( pleas+ v>iety 9 ,mr4 ,web/]'s "w1 & t5d to %[ t1 ?\gh he has 8 pref]5ces1 he is n really fett]$ by any limitation ( subject or treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,la ,,rue ,,c>d9ale 8,la ,rue ,c>d9ale has aff9ity ( g5]al treatm5t ) ,rue de la ,p>*em9]ie1 & is n ! less int]e/+ = an amaz+ t\r de =ce 9 ! r5d]+ ( color & texture 9 ! /rip$ bl9d ov] a %op-front40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,la ,,rue ,,de ,,la ,,p>*em9]ie1 ,,p>is 8,closely ak9 to ,rue ,brise ,mi*e 9 re/ful balance ( composition & 9 f9e %ad[ effect is ! ,rue de la ,p>*em9]ie--( special value n[1 = ! old /reet has disappe>$ l>gely s9ce ! mak+ ( ! plate40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #g in*es ,x is b natural t an arti/ ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s temp]am5t1 a devot$ admir] ( ,m]yon1 %\ld become absorb$ 9 ,p>is h]self & endeavor to put ^u copp]plate ! 8posie pr(onde et compliqu d'une va/e capitale40 ,! ,bruges & ,r\5 plates %[$ ,mr4 ,web/] to be ke5ly susceptible to ! magnetism & *>m ( m$ieval tradition1 b ,p>is1 /eep$ 9 s5tim5t ev5 m ?an ,r\5 or ,bruges1 0 to r\se a /ill great] w>m? & feel+4 ,he began by se>*+ out ^? picturesque /reets 9 ! old qu>t]s t h surviv$ ! :olesale demoli%m5t ( ,b>on ,haussmann1 a "n hat$ by arti/s z t ( ,grang] by lov]s ( books4 ,! ,rue ,brise ,mi*e f\nd its way to ! ,royal ,academy1 & 0 also honor$ by publication 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts 7,july1 #aijg74 ,closely ak9 to x 9 re/ful balance ( composition & 9 f9e %ad[ effect is ! ,rue de la ,p>*em9]ie--( special value n[1 = ! old /reet has disappe>$ l>gely s9ce ! mak+ ( ! plate4 ,la ,rue ,c>d9ale has aff9ity ( g5]al treatm5t1 & is n ! less int]e/+ = an amaz+ t\r de =ce 9 ! r5d]+ ( color & texture 9 ! /rip$ bl9d ov] a %op-front4 ,a f\r? plate1 p]haps ev5 f9] ?an any ( ^! 9 its =ce1 directness1 & conc5trat$ simplicity1 is ! ,rue ,gr5i] sur l',eau4 ,!re is mu* ( ,m]yon 9 its cle>1 crisp l9e-"w4 ,"s day p]haps ^! lov+ /udies ( ! old ,p>is ( ,balzac may be ga!r$ 9 a s]ies illu/rat+ ! 8,qu>ti] ,m>ais10 & publi%$ 9 an dition de luxe ) descriptive text by ! et*]4 ,let u hope t ?is may come to pass1 = ! build+s t ,mr4 ,web/] depicts are f> m ?an a prosaic record ( ar*itectural features4 ,!re is a spiritual & human sugge/iv5ess beh9d ! mort> & bricks ( 8 pictures3 z a poet ( 8 own nation has x1 !y are 8lat5t ) unse5 exi/5ces40 ,he has appreciat$ ! fact t et*+--an art h$g$ 9 by limitations & dep5d+ ^u p[] ( sugge/ion--is ! "o art t c give at once ^? delicate l9es1 ^? broad %ad[s1 ^? crumbl+ bits ( texture4 ,! lov] ( et*+ c reg>d 8 subject ) indiff]5ce1 & take full joy 9 ! s(t play ( sunlight1 ! f9e *oice ( l9e1 ! effective mass+ ( light & %ade4 ,ano!r plate ( ?is 8,qu>ti] ,m>ais0 s]ies is a noble repres5tation ( ,notre ,dame se5 f an unusual aspect4 ,x is a draw+ f ne> ! ,htel de ,ville & %[s ! spl5did mass ( ! ca!dral ris+ above ! irregul> h\ses t face ! ,qu>ti] ,m>ais & ! ,quai aux ,fleurs4 ,!re is fre$om & *>m 9 ! treatm5t ( ! =egr\nd1 :]e a little tug puffs along ! riv] & ! big b>ges move cumbr\sly "u ! lee ( ! ne> bank1 & 9 ! middle di/ance :]e ! light plays pleasantly ov] ! old h\ses2 b ! ro( ( ! ca!dral itself1 put 9 ) unpleas+ rigidity ( l9e1 comes l cold fact 9 ! middle ( romance4 ,x is z ?\gh ,m]yon "h _h impos$ 8 weakness z well z 8 /r5g? ^u ,mr4 ,web/]1 = 9 ! ,morgue1 = in/ance1 ! "o small blemi% is ! rul$ precision ( ! l9es ^u a ro(4 ,a fitt+ companion to ?is vision ( ,notre ,dame is ,le ,pont ,neuf1 ano!r ( ! et*]'s l>ge/ & mo/ di/+ui%$ plates4 ,! /]n solidity ( ! bridge1 ) its massive masonry1 its corbel$ turrets1 & its deeply %ad[$ ar*es1 makes pleas+ contra/ ) ! irregul> sky-l9e ( ! sunlit h\ses t rise beyond4 ,x may be said ( all ,mr4 ,web/]'s et*+s--& p]haps !re c\ld be no high] praise--t ea* possesses ! faculty ( provok+ fre% int]e/4 ,t is c]ta9ly ! case ) f\r ( 8 mo/ rec5t plates4 ,"o is an int]ior ( ,/4 ,saturn91 ,t\l\se1 maje/ic & /ately1 full ( sugge/ive my/]y 9 ! religi\s light t falls ) s(t t\* ^u ! pill>s1 ?r[s into relief ! d>k masses ( ! *oir-/alls1 & /rives to p5etrate ! dim recesses ( ! vault$ ro(4 ,/4 ,saturn9 w be among ! r>iora ( ! collector1 = ! plate un=tunately broke :5 twelve pro(s only _h be5 pr9t$4 ,! arti/'s subtle p]ception ( light & 8 ref9$ draughtsman%ip h be5 us$ to s+ul> advantage 9 ! ,anci5ne ,facult de ,mdec9e1 #afjh4 ,"o is grateful to him = 8 f9e record ( ?is dom$ build+ t 0 a little gem ( ,r5aissance art1 ?\gh !re is a note ( sadness 9 ! sub/ructure ( balks & /ruts set at its base by ! ru?less h& ( ! de/roy]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 8,,/4 ,,saturn91 ,,t\l\se0 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #d in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,anci5ne ,,facult ,,de ,m,,dec9e1 ,,p>is 8,! arti/'s subtle p]ception ( light & 8 ref9$ draftsman%ip h be5 us$ to s+ul> advantage 9 ! ,anci5ne ,facult de ,mdec9e1 #afjh4 ,"o is grateful to him = 8 f9e record ( ?is dom$ build+ t 0 a little gem ( ,r5aissance art1 ?\gh !re is a note ( sadness 9 ! sub/ructure ( balks & /ruts set at its base by ! ru?less h& ( ! de/roy]40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #g in*es ,go?ic canopies & trac]y are drawn ) lov+ c>e 9 ! ,porte des ,m>m\sets1 ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\51 b "h aga9 x is ! my/]y ( %ad[ 9 ! deep por* t supplies ! true !me4 ,a *ur* por* has also suppli$ ! subject ( "o ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s late/ works1 ,notre ,dame des ,&elys4 ,! ord9>y obs]v] w delight 9 ! pr9t = its beautiful r5d]+ ( a noble fragm5t ( ar*itecture4 ,^? :o h real k ( et*+ w appreciate x /ill m = its clev] bit+ & = its subtle delicacy ( l9e s cunn+ly us$ = ! indication ( /one1 glass1 & woodwork ) _! diff]5t surfaces & textures4 ,t plate ( ,notre ,dame des ,&elys1 ?\gh n ! mo/ in/antly engag+1 is p]haps ! mo/ accompli%$ :i* ! arti/ has produc$4 ,x is 9 ?is accompli%m5t t f ! coldly critical po9t ( view ,i see an indication--a h9t only--( possible dang]4 ,"h1 & to "s ext5t 9 ! ,pont ,neuf & ! ,rue ,gr5i]1 ! c>eful1 t5se1 conc5trat$ "w %[s almo/ too discipl9$ a self-control4 ,close /udy ( ^! pr9ts gives j a t\* ( ! irritation t comes f wat*+ ! monoton\s p]fection ( a fir/-class game-%ot or golf]1 br++ a malici\s desire = "s mi/ake or piece ( recklessness4 ,! true et*+ always appeals 9 "s degree by its spice ( adv5ture1 by "s happ9ess ( accid5t1 & s :ile ! ,pont ,neuf & ! ,notre ,dame des ,&elys r\se full admiration & respect = _! spl5did arti/ry1 ! m haphaz>d me?ods ( ! ,rue ,brise ,mi*e & ,les ,blan*isseuses t\* a f> deep] note ( sympa?y4 ,!y h 9 !m ! breezy1 natural oratory t is (t5 s mu* m /irr+ ?an ! flu5t1 poli%$ p]iods ( ! accompli%$ speak]4 ,b ev5 :]e ,mr4 ,web/] is mo/ precise 9 8 articulation1 mo/ resolute 9 8 adh]5ce to famili> tru?s1 he always comb9es ) ?is a p]sonal aspect & a p[] ( selection t1 disreg>d+ ! commonplace & petty1 l5ds poetry to ! int]pretation4 ,8 8c>eful0 "w is v f> remov$ f ! cold & c>eful "w ( ! ord9>y un9spir$ craftsman4 ,9 /udy+ ! "w ( a "y et*]--& ,mr4 ,web/] is /ill "y z an et*]--x is almo/ always possible to trace c]ta9 influ5ces :i*1 q legitimately1 h act$ ^u 8 *oice ( subject & 8 te*nique4 ,9 "o ( 8 fir/ et*+s1 ,! ,c\rt1 ,b\rron1 ! ,:i/l] influ5ce is frankly app>5t4 ,les ,blan*isseuses is 9 no s5se an imitative plate1 b ,i %\ld h said x 0 ! "w ( a man :o knew ,:i/l]'s ,unsafe ,t5em5t by he>t4 ,& !re comes 9 ! critic's dang] ( leap+ to ra% conclusions1 = ,mr4 ,web/] tells me he nev] saw t pr9t by ,:i/l] till long aft] 8 et*+ 0 made4 ,= ! ,m]yon influ5ce1 :i* is cle>ly app>5t 9 mu* ( 8 "w1 ,mr4 ,web/] makes no apology4 ,nor ne$ he d s2 = if he rem9ds u1 "h a little ( ,:i/l]1 !re a little ( ,m]yon1 !re is always a l>ge measure ( himself besides4 ,! true arti/ lights 8 tor* f t ( 8 pr$ecessors3 x is 8 bus9ess to c>ry on great traditions4 8,i h done my be/ simply to le>n f him1 n to /eal0--t is ,mr4 ,web/]'s own expressive way ( putt+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,notre ,,dame ,,des ,,&elys 8,! ord9>y obs]v] w delight 9 ,notre ,dame des ,&elys = its beautiful r5d]+ ( a noble fragm5t ( ar*itecture4 ,^? :o h real k ( et*+ w appreciate x /ill m = its clev] bit+ & = its subtle delicacy ( l9e s cunn+ly us$ = ! indication ( /one1 glass1 & woodwork ) _! diff]5t surfaces & textures40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,porte ,,des ,,m>m\sets1 ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 8,go?ic canopies & trac]y are drawn ) lov+ c>e 9 ! ,porte des ,m>m\sets1 ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\51 b "h aga9 x is ! my/]y ( %ad[ 9 ! deep por* t supplies ! true !me40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #g in*es ,mr4 ,web/] has n le>n$ f ,m]yon at ! co/ ( 8 own individuality1 & "o reason = ! fre%ness t *>act]izes 8 "w is t he is "o ( ^? :o l to transf] _! fir/ impressions ( nature direct to ! plate 9 ! op5 air4 ,) v few exceptions1 t is h[ 8 et*+s h be5 made4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( "w is necess>ily done aft]w>d 9 ! retirem5t ( ! /udio1 b ! /raight=w>d me?od ( r5d]+ nature gives a vividness & spontaneity t c>eful "w f int]m$iate /udies 9 p5cil or color c r>ely produce4 ,?is spontaneity is ! v ess5ce ( good et*+1 = ) et*+1 z ) wat]-color1 its highe/ *>m is inevitably tr\bl$ by me*anical labor2 x is ess5tially a me?od ( :i* "o feels t 8if 'tw]e done1 'tw]e well done quickly40 ,! et*] %\ld no m be able to /ay ! quick glid+ ( 8 ne$le 9 ! middle ( a l9e ?an ! skat] to /& /ill ^u ! outside edge4 ,& ,i ?9k t ! et*] :o works /raight f nature is m apt to se>* out ! notes & acc5ts ( "* & to seize ^u ^? /ructural l9es :i* are a fundam5tal necessity to 8 "w4 ,ano!r *ief excell5ce 9 ,mr4 ,web/]'s "w lies 9 ! fact t f ! fir/ he has be5 8 own pr9t]4 ,he is no believ] 9 ! pr9ciple foll[$ by _m o!r et*]s ( bit+ _! plate & leav+ x to "s "o 8) ! palm ( a du*ess0 to d ! re/4 ,pati5t acquisition ( craftsman%ip is b\nd to tell1 = ! paid pr9t]1 be he nev] s skill$1 _c hope to und]/& an arti/'s int5tions q s well z ! arti/ himself4 ,mr4 ,web/]1 h[ev]1 has no ne$ ( any artifice2 !re is no trace 9 8 et*+s ( ! m]etrici\s pr9t+ :i* ,:i/l] condemn$ z 8treacly40 ,light & %ade ent] into *>m+ alliance 9 8 pr9ts1 b l9e is always ( ! conf$]acy1 & x is to purity ( l9e t ! %ad[s :i* tell s /rongly owe _! /r5g?4 ,9 ! v dep?s ( !m !re is always a lum9\s gloom1 nev] a trace ( ! h>%ness & opacity t come f slurr$ workman%ip & reliance ^u pr9t]'s ink4 ,p]haps ,i h said too mu* already1 = ,mr4 ,web/]'s "w is well able to speak = itself4 ,b !re is "o notewor?y feature1 common to all 8 plates1 t claims att5tion1 & t is 8 p[] ( r5d]+ sunlight4 ,if he loves d>k & d+y ?or\ghf>es ) dilapidat$ ro(s & mold]+ pla/]1 x is = ! sake ( ^? qua9t %ad[s t peep f _! recesses & climb ! high walls1 & /ill m = ! pat*es ( brilliant1 quiv]+ sunlight to :i* ! %ad[s give s full a value4 ,he seems to he>1 l ,corot1 ! actual cra% ( ! sun ^u ! wall--8l'clat du soleil qui frappe40 ,,"p ,,ii ,x is difficult to clo! "o's spee* 9 ! deta*$ t]ms ( a catalogue :5 writ+ ( an arti/ ^: "w always k9dles fre% en?usiasm4 ,& s ,i may p]haps be p>don$ if1 9 add+ some?+ to a previ\s essay ^u ! et*+s ( ,h]man ,a4 ,web/]1 ,i v5ture to /rike a m p]sonal note4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,vieilles ,,maisons1 ,,rue ,,hautefeuille1 ,,p>is 8,he loves d>k & d+y ?or\ghf>es ) dilapidat$ ro(s & mold]+ pla/]1 444 = ! pat*es ( brilliant1 quiv]+ sunlight to :i* ! %ad[s give s full a value40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #e in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,la ,,r\te ,,de ,,l\vi]s 8,9 l&scape1 z 9 8 ar*itectural "w1 ,web/] sets 8 !me ^u ! plate ) f9e skill ( arrangem5t & ) exquisite draughtsman%ip40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #h in*es ,!re c be few m5 to :om art is m ( a religion ?an to ,web/]4 ,on two occasions :5 ,i saw him dur+ 8 hurri$ visits to ,london 9 ! spr+ ( #aiaj1 he spoke ( 8 art ) all ! zeal ( a mission>y & ! f]vor ( a conv]t4 ,he seem$ to be labor+ 9 a sl\gh ( despond1 beset ) a feel+ t 8 pa/ "w 0 some?+ wor?less1 to be ?r[n aside l ,*ri/ian's bundle4 ,he appe>$ to be torn 9 sund] by div]s doctr9es1 tell+ me ( ! con/ant ebb & fl[ ( argum5t 9 ! ,p>is cafs & /udios betwe5 ! p>ti mti] & ! p>ti me--^? :o ma9ta9$ t f9i%$ te*nique1 ! 8cuis9e0 ( ! ,fr5* /ud5t1 0 ! f9al aim1 & ^? :o held t ! arti/'s own emotion1 h[soev] x might f9d expression1 0 ! greate/ ?+ ( all4 ,web/] felt--& x 0 a fact1 inde$1 at :i* ,i h9t$ 9 writ+ ( 8 "w be=e--t he 0 sacrific+ some?+ ( ! me to ! mti]2 & 8 own realization ( t is already becom+ app>5t 9 8 outlook & 8 /yle4 ,!n1 too1 8 talk 0 all ( ! atta9m5t & sugge/ion ( light z ! supreme quality 9 an et*+2 & "h ,i c\ld reassure him1 = few h ev] prea*$ ! gospel ( light ) m tru? & e>ne/ness ?an ,web/] himself 9 ! ,quai ,montebello & _m o!r plates4 ,/ill1 !re matt]s /ood m ?an a ye> ago1 & ! plates t ,web/] _h et*$ at ,m>seilles & else:]e lay reject$ & unbitt5 9 8 /udio4 ,!n he set out to ,am]ica1 :]e he sp5t ! summ] ( #aiaj1 &1 l ,mr4 ,p5nell1 fell a victim to ! sky-scrap]s ( ,new ,york4 8,!y are ! mo/ m>vel\s ?+s10 he wrote1 8on ! face ( ,"m ,e>? to-day4 ,x took me two mon?s to beg9 to see !m1 b !n !y began to gl[1 to take %ape1 & to gr[4 ,p]haps no "w ( human h&s 9 all ! _w (f]s su* a /up5d\s picture z ,new ,york se5 f almo/ any:]e )9 ! d[n-t[n di/rict1 or f ! riv] or ! bay4 ,!re are cliffs & caons :]e sun & %ad[ "w ! weirde/ miracles1 & so>+ above !m1 betwe5 =ty & fifty /ories f ! gr\nd1 rise ar*$ ro(s & po9t$ ones1 gray & gold & br[n1 t "o mu/ see ) "o's own eyes to h ! fa9te/ conception (4 ,f across ! ,hudson 9 ! aft]noon :5 ! sun goes d[n y c wat* ! %ad[s creep up ! sides ( ^! m\nta9s ( brick & /one until y'd swe> y 7 look+ out on "s gigantic fairyl&40 ,8 admiration ( ^? sky-scrap]s f\nd expression 9 a s]ies ( draw+s made on behalf ( ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 & 91 at any rate1 "o et*+--! ,cortl&t ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,! subject w appeal mo/1 p]haps1 to ^? :o live b5ea? ! famili> %ade ( ^! mon/r\s habitations1 ) _! hundr$s ( />+ eyes2 b ! ord9>y man1 ?\gh he may f9d x /rangely un9spir+ & unromantic1 w at any rate admire ! firm decision ( ! draw+ & welcome ! sl5d] filam5ts & trembl+ gray spirals ( smoke--s difficult to express 9 l9e ) a po9t ( /eel--t ca/ a veil ov] ! sordid reality ( ! sc5e4 ,?\gh ,web/] c>ri$ t "o plate to a f9i%1 he 0 /ill obsess$ by all sorts ( d\bts4 ,_m draw+s 7 torn up1 & _m plates t he et*$ 7 wilfully de/roy$4 ,j z ! golf] falls victim to too mu* read+ ( !oretical works1 s = ,web/] 8 eag] indulg5ce 9 !ory & sci5ce put him 8(f 8 game40 ,i say all ?is to acc\nt = :at mu/ seem a small output dur+ two ye>s = a man ^: sole "w is et*+4 ,x is all to ! arti/'s cr$it2 b1 none ! less1 we h suff]$1 n\s autres1 = 8 convictions4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ,ri*>d is himself aga94 ,a mon? or m sp5t 9 ,frank=t ?is summ] has produc$ a s]ies ( p5cil-draw+s & et*+s :i* %\ld br+ satisfaction & cont5t bo? to ! arti/ & to all :o admire 8 "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,b5d]gasse1 ,,frank=t 8,!n !re are ! ,/reet ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 ! ,b5d]gasse1 & ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,h\ses1 all ( !m felicit\s 9 *>m ( !me1 9 play ( light & %ade1 & 9 ! sugge/ion ( life giv5 by ! animat$ figures40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #e in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,cortl&t ,,/reet ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ab #g in*es ,be=e speak+ ( ! ,frank=t s]ies ( et*+s1 a ^w may be said ab\t ,web/]'s p5cil-draw+s4 ,i "k ( no o!r arti/1 save p]haps ,mr4 ,muirhead ,bone1 :o c use ! p5cil-po9t ) su* exquisite f95ess & precision 9 ! production ( an ar*itectural draw+ t1 ) all its accuracy1 /ill reta9s ! fre%ness ( a sket*4 ,f9d+ 9 a portfolio a draw+ ( ,cortl&t ,/reet & sev]al o!rs t repeat$ ! subjects ( ! ,frank=t et*+s1 ,i felt curi\s z to ! exact relation%ip betwe5 ^! draw+s & ! "w on ! copp]plate4 ,?is int]e/ 0 l>gely1 p]haps1 t ( a fell[-et*]1 ke5 to see 8h[ ! :eels g r\nd10 b ,web/]'s reply to a "q on ?is subject may int]e/ o!rs z well4 8,i det]m9e my composition10 he wrote1 89 outl9e fir/4 ,?is outl9e ,i transf] to ! plate4 ,!n ,i g out & c>efully /udy 9 p5cil1 on ! orig9al outl9e sket*1 ! subject ,i want to d1 s z to #8get acqua9t$' ) x be=e beg9n+ ! m exact+ "w ^u ! copp]plate4 ,i nev] use a draw+ to "w f except sometimes z an extra guide 9 ! bit+1 :]e a c>eful /udy c be v useful40 ,!y are beautiful ?+s1 ^! p5cil-draw+s ( ,new ,york & ,frank=t1 b !re c be only "o ( ea*4 ,! et*+s1 =tunately1 c be %>$ & enjoy$ by _m possessors4 ,frank=t has gr[n to be a l>ge & v mod]n t[n ) broad ?or\ghf>es & palatial build+s2 b x has its old qu>t] z well1 & among ! h\ses t ne/le 9 n>r[ /reets r\nd ! ca!dral1 ,web/] has f\nd ! same k9d ( subject t fasc9at$ him be=e 9 ,bruges & ,m>seilles & ,p>is4 ,a brilliant draughtsman1 he nev] seems to hesitate or lose 8 way among ! manifold intricacies ( ! old-_w build+s t he depicts4 ,he aims always at knitt+ 8 subjects into f9e unity ( composition by broad mass+ ( light & %ade4 8,9 ! la/ few mon?s10 he writes1 8,i h gr[n nev] to make an et*+ = et*+'s sake1 b = ! means x gives ( /udy+ closely ! play ( light across my subject40 ,t is 8 ma9 !me3 ! light t travels n[ ) cold curiosity z x did c5turies ago1 glanc+ into op5 w9d[s1 ?r[+ into relief a corbel or a crocket1 ca/+ a %ad[ "u eave or w9d[ l$ge1 reveal+1 l a pat* 9 "s tatt]$ g>m5t1 ! cracks & seams 9 mold]+ pla/] or "t-worn timb]4 ,9 depict+ ^! /oreh\ses ( human joys & aspirations1 hopes & despairs1 he has none ( ,m]yon's gloom & morbidness4 ,x is true t beh9d _m ( ! w9d[s 9 ^! poor homes ( 8 pictures "s ,m>ie ,claire may be toil+ 9 sad-ey$ pov]ty2 yet = ,web/] ! outside %all be sunny1 little :ite curta9s %all veil ! gloom1 & fl[]s %all blossom on ! w9d[ l$ge1 ?\gh ! sad work] may h wat]$ !m ) h] te>s4 ,& if sun%9e is /ill pot5t 9 ^! new plates1 !re is also a fre% & joy\s note ( life & movem5t 9 ! /reets4 ,! introduction ( figures1 well plac$ & full ( "*1 is a new developm5t 9 ,web/]'s art4 ,bu/l+ work]s1 or happy gr\ps ( gossip+ wom51 or ! d>k mass ( a di/ant cr[d1 are introduc$ ) consummate skill1 & ! picturesqu5ess ( ! old /reets ga9s new value f ! sugge/ion ( ?is liv+ /ream ( human traffic4 ,! pres5ce ( mod]n life enhances ! gray & wr9kl$ age ( ! build+s :i* h wat*$ s _m g5]ations come & g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,l[5pl,,tz*51 ,,frank=t ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,d] ,,lang] ,,franz1 ,,frank=t 8,d] ,lang] ,franz1 a view ( ! ,ra?aus t[] t took its nickname f a tall burgoma/] ( ! t[n1 is a little gem1 brilliant ) light & ri* 9 ! my/]y ( %ad[40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+4 #d #c in*es ,among ! new plates are f\r t deal ) /reet sc5es 9 ! ,alt ,/adt ( ,frank=t4 ,d] ,lang] ,franz1 a view ( ! ,ra?aus t[] t took its nickname f a tall burgoma/] ( ! t[n1 is ! smalle/ ( all1 b a little gem1 brilliant ) light & ri* 9 ! my/]y ( %ad[4 ,!n !re are ! ,/reet ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 ! ,b5d]gasse1 & ,sixte5?-c5tury ,h\ses1 all ( !m felicit\s 9 *>m ( !me1 9 play ( light & %ade1 & 9 ! sugge/ion ( life giv5 by ! animat$ figures4 ,!re are admirable figures aga9 9 ,an ,old ,c\rt1 "o ( ! plates t ! collector ( future days w mo/ desire to possess4 ,!re is less 9 x ( obvi\s labor ?an 9 ! /reet sc5es2 ! et*] has ov]come a natural fe> ( blank spaces2 & 8 retic5ce & m summ>y execution h l5t to ?is plate mu* ( ! unconsci\s & unprem$itat$ *>m t is "o ( ! f9e/ qualities :i* an et*+ c possess4 ,two et*+s ( old bridges ov] ! ,ma9 at ,frank=t mu/ rank among ! be/ "w t ,web/] has yet produc$4 ,"o is a small & spirit$ plate %[+ ! t[] ( ! ca!dral & a r[ ( h\ses1 mo/ delicately drawn1 ris+ ) a beautiful sky-l9e above ! solid mass ( ! %ad[$ bridge ) its heavy buttresses4 ,! o!r %[s ! old bridge t spans ! ,ma9 betwe5 ,frank=t & ,sa*s5haus54 ,leg5d tells t 9 comp5sation = f9i%+ ! build+ )9 a c]ta9 "t ! ar*itect made a v[ to sacrifice to ! devil ! fir/ liv+ be+ t cross$ ! bridge4 ,!n1 :5 ! fatal day arriv$1 he drove a cock across1 & s *eat$ ! devil ( 8 due4 ,mu* ! same /ory ( outwitt+ ! devil is told ab\t ! build+ ( ! ca!dral at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,:e!r ,web/] v5tur$ ^u any compact ,i d n "k2 b ?is plate1 9 its build+1 9 its well-con/ruct$ composition1 9 its spl5did effect ( brilliant sun%9e1 is "o ( ! mo/ successful tasks he has ev] accompli%$4 ,! gr\p ( figures on ! ne> bank1 happily plac$ l ^? 9 ,v]me]'s fam\s ,view ( ,delft1 adds no little to ! *>m ( ! sc5e4 ,i w\ld set ?is plate beside ,les ,blan*isseuses & ! ,quai ,montebello1 :i* ,mr4 ,w$more has f\nd 8mode/ly p]fect10 z repres5t+ ! v summit ( ,web/]'s art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,! ,,old ,,bridge1 ,,frank=t ,?is old bridge spans ! riv] ,ma9 betwe5 ,frank=t & ,sa*s5haus5 8,i w\ld set ?is plate beside ,les ,blan*isseuses & ,quai ,montebello1 :i* ,mr4 ,w$more has f\nd #8mode/ly p]fect1' z repres5t+ ! v summit ( ,web/]'s art40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,web/]4 ,,la ,,rue ,,/4 ,,jacques1 ,,p>is 8444 ,"o ( ! be/ et*+s he has ev] made4444 ,x is n m]ely f9e 9 its patt]n ( light & %ade1 b x has a direct =ce & simplification t are ri* ) promise = ! future40 ,m>t9 ,h>die4 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #e in*es ,:ile he has surr5d]$ = ! "t be+ to ! *>m ( ,frank=t1 ,web/] has n be5 unfai?ful to ! ,p>is ( 8 e>ly love4 ,( ,p>is he might say1 l ,montaigne1 8,t city has ev] _h my he>t2 & x has fall5 out to me1 z ( excell5t ?+s1 t ! m ( o!r f9e cities ,i h se5 s9ce1 ! m ! beauty ( ?is ga9s on my affections4 ,i love x t5d]ly1 ev5 ) all its w>ts & blemi%es40 ,all ! m = ! w>ts & blemi%es ( its old build+s ,web/] loves x1 too2 & :ile work+ on 8 ,frank=t plates he has complet$ ano!r ( ,la ,rue ,/4 ,jacques1 ,p>is1 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 is "o ( ! be/ et*+s he has ev] made4 ,at times1 ev5 9 8 ,frank=t plates1 "o /ill feels t 8 sup]b draughtsman%ip & 8 love ( detail--ce sup]flu1 si ncessaire--h l$ him to a uni=mity ( f9i% t is almo/ too 8icily regul>40 ,i d n mean t ,web/]'s elaboration is ! cold1 almo/ mean+less1 elaboration ( ! l9e-engrav]2 nor d ,i =get t ! te*nique ( ,m]yon1 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( et*+s1 01 9 ,mr4 ,w$more's happy phras+1 8"o ( unfalt]+ firmness & regul>ity1 "o ( undet]r$ delib]ation40 ,all ! same1 "o wi%es t ,m]yon _h done a few m ?+s l ! ,rue des ,mauvais ,g>ons1 & wi%es t ,web/] also1 9 a simil> way1 7 n[ & !n less sure ( himself1 7 held sometimes by a trembl+ hesitancy1 or driv5 sometimes by ! passion ( ! mom5t to all[ room = =tunate accid5t & rapid sugge/ion4 ,= t reason ,i welcome 8 ,rue ,/4 ,jacques4 ,x is n m]ely f9e 9 its patt]n ( light & %ade1 b x has a direct =ce & simplification t are ri* ) promise = ! future4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ,i h se5 work+-pro(s ( two new et*+s ( l&scape4 ,& "h1 too1 !re is high promise4 ,!y %[1 at lea/1 t ,web/] is n go+ to rema9 a man ( "o subject2 t he is op5+ 8 he>t to ! beauty & romance ( simple nature4 ,he has s\ght 8 fir/ !mes 9 t pleasant c\ntryside :]e1 betwe5 tall popl>s1 y get peeps ( ,*teau ,gaill>d1 nobly set ^u its hill4 ,9 l&scape1 z 9 8 ar*itectural "w1 ,web/] sets 8 !me ^u ! plate ) f9e skill ( arrangem5t & ) exquisite draughtsman%ip4 ,^! two plates1 ,*teau ,gaill>d & ,la ,r\te de ,l\vi]s1 are exhil>at+ 9 _! feel+ ( sun%9e1 & !y please by _! absolute simplicity ( /atem5t4 ,!y are hone/1 & )\t artifice4 ,pr9t$ 8z clean z a :i/le10 )\t any ( ! d\btful exp$i5ts t give a m]etrici\s attractiv5ess to s mu* mod]n et*+1 !y appeal by _! rightness ( patt]n & precision ( l9e4 ,^? :o see high promise z well z pres5t fulfilm5t 9 ,web/]'s art1 w n regret t he has left ! t[n & set out :]e ?ro' ! gre5 l&1 ,vi/as ( *ange & adv5ture1 ,! gray roads g beckon+ & w9d+4 ,,&]s ,,zorn--,,pa9t]-,,et*] ,,by ,j4 ,,nils5 ,,laurvik ,broadly speak+ !re are b two k9ds ( arti/s--innovators & imitators4 ,! fir/ may be kn[n by ! opposition !y ar\se 9 ! sacr$ sanctums ( m$iocrity & by _! f9al b reluctant acceptance by ! self-appo9t$ cu/odians ( ! ,hall ( ,fame ^: bus9ess x is to exclude g5ius until ,"t %all h temp]$ all its buoyant1 y\?ful en?usiasms1 :i* are ! v signs & tok5s ( ^? />ry creatures :om ! gods h bless$4 ,y\? & all its amaz+ prodigality are ( ! v ess5ce ( g5ius1 & x is by virtue ( ?is exub]ant ov]fl[+ ( ! _s t ! works ( ,&]s ,zorn make _! vital appeal4 ,he celebrates ) f]v5t1 dramatic /rokes ! pageant ( ! visible _w1 & all t 8 al]t eyes c see 8 nimble f+]s depict ) an unfail+ s5se ( ! pictorial possibilities inh]5t 9 ! pass+ procession ( contempor>y life4 ,!re is 9 8 "w some?+ ( *ildlike spontaneity1--a heal?y1 natural enjoym5t 9 ! m]e practice ( 8 art t is infecti\s4 ,he has ! same imp>tial love = nature z x is z _h ,velasquez & ,frans ,hals1 & ! same incomp>able int]dep5d5ce ( head & h&4 ,8 art is1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 purely objective1 d$icat$ to a specific transcription ( ! outw>d semblance ( ?+s4 ,^! bright1 vivaci\s plates are n evolv$ by any pa9ful process ( m5tal cogitation1 nor are !y ! result ( imag9ative vag>ies4 ,zorn is conc]n$ b little ) ab/ract =m or involv$ compositions4 ,b he _c be accus$ ( evad+ difficulties ?r\gh any fe> ( failure1 z he has s conv9c+ly demon/rat$ 9 8 vivid1 sun-fleck$ ,int]ior ( a ,p>isian ,omnibus ) its %>ply *>act]iz$ pass5g]s1 & 9 8 dramatically effective ,waltz ) its assemblage ( sway+ figures mov+ rhy?mically ?r\gh ! spaci\s ball-room1 bo? m>vels ( disc]n+ obs]vation record$ ) an almo/ clairvoyant magic ( l9e t evoke ! kaleidoscopic %imm] & brilliancy ( ! sc5es depict$4 ,! difficulties pres5t$ by ^! complex subjects are surm\nt$ ) ! same non*alant ease & c]ta9ty t di/+ui% 8 long s]ies ( individual portraits & figure pieces4 ,t ! latt] pr$om9ate 9 ! hi]>*y ( 8 et*$ "w is a matt] ( *oice r ?an ( *ance & may1 ,i ?9k1 be tak5 z an indication ( 8 ke5 appreciation ( ! limitations z well z ! possibilities ( ?is m$ium4 ,no "o1 n ev5 ,:i/l]1 has realiz$ m cle>ly ?an he t et*+ at its be/ is ess5tially an impressioni/ic art1 to be practis$ only 9 ! happie/ moods1 & 8 f9e/ plates are m>vels ( swift1 /5ographic notations t h be5 scrat*$ ^u ! copp] direct f nature 9 a :ite heat ( en?usiasm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,arti/ ,,& ,,8 ,,wife ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ab #h in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,! ,,waltz ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ac #i in*es ,he calls et*+ 8 div]sion1 :i* acc\nts = ! uni=mly high quality ( ?is side ( 8 art4 ,done = ! %e] love ( x1 z o!r m5 w\ld ride horseback or play golf1 ^! plates are ! product ( a joy\sness t is ! "m ( all great art4 ,x is typical ( him t he %\ld h tak5 up ! practice ( ?is exact+ ?\gh elusive art m]ely z an amusem5t1 z he himself says1 8) :i* to :ile away odd h\rs1 in/ead ( sitt+ at home or go+ ab\t = ent]ta9m5t40 ,?is is *>act]i/ic ( 8 :ole life & h>ks back to ! g5esis ( 8 arti/ic c>e] :51 z a m]e lad1 he c>v$ 9 bir*-wood ) 8 clasp-knife images ( ! flocks he t5d$ 9 ! ,dalec>lian =e/s4 ,ev5 9 ^? e>ly days ?is son ( humble peasant folk reveal$ a p[] ( lifelike *>act]ization t did n pass unnotic$ by ^! %rewd1 cle>-ey$ peasantry ^: sole crit]ion 9 matt]s ( art 0 :e!r or n ! c\nt]feit pres5tm5t look$ l ! orig9al4 ,& 9 ^! small c>v$ images ( c[s & %eep !y f\nd a /rik+ resemblance to _! models t ar\s$ _! ke5e/ admiration4 ,8 fir/ patron 0 "o ( ^! peasant folk1 a %eph]d fri5d ( 81 :o b\ght f him a c>v$ /atuette ( an enrag$ c[ = :i* ,zorn receiv$ 9 paym5t a s\ & a little :ite loaf4 ,to make 8 sculpture m lifelike he us$ to imitate antique /atu>y by t9t+ 8 "w4 ,8 palette 0 ! palm ( 8 h&1 9 :i* he mix$ a composite ( bilb]ry juice & c]ta9 color+ sub/ances obta9$ f little =e/ fl[]s4 ,t 0 ! beg9n+ ( a /urdy naturalism t no subsequ5t academic tra9+ has be5 able to nullify4 ,ev5 9 ^! fir/ t5tative attempts at p]sonal expression he reveal$ ! ess5tial qualities ( 8 g5ius1--8 v p[]ful color s5se & 8 acute obs]vation ( natural ph5om5a4 ,8 "w betrays an almo/ savage delight 9 ! tru? ( nature1 & if to be tru?ful is to be cruel1 !n ,zorn is (t5 cruel4 ,he employs no g5tle gloss1 &1 :e!r x be fri5d or casual sitt]1 ea* is treat$ ) unblu%+ frankness4 ,a full-blood$ art1 some:at primitive & exult+ 9 its crude /r5g?1 x gives "o a pulsat+ s5se ( reality4 ,8 "w has ! natural d>+ ( "o :o is on famili> t]ms ) all ! secrets ( 8 art4 ,convey+ an appe>ance ( brilliant1 almo/ reckless improvisation1 x is none ! less ! result ( a/ute & p5etrat+ obs]vation t has 9 ea* case record$ ! face ( actuality z well z its deep] & abid+ _s4 ,/rongly oppos$ to all ! conv5tionalities ( ! /udio1 he abhors pos+ z mu* z he dislikes monogamy1 pref]r+ to /udy 8 subjects "u natural conditions :5 !y are (f _! gu>d & !n to transcribe 8 impressions v l>gely f memory1 aft] ! ess5tial l9es h be5 not$4 ,?us h come into be+ "s ( 8 mo/ memorable plates1 su* z ! ,r5an1 & ! portrait ( himself & 8 wife1 ea* execut$ 9 a few h\rs ( conc5trat$ ef=t4 ,! v swiftness ) :i* ^! impressions h be5 record$ has no d\bt contribut$ mu* t[>d giv+ !m t conv9c+ f9ality :i*1 p>adoxically en\gh1 are !irs 9 a prem95t degree no matt] h[ casual may appe> ! means by :i* ?is effect has be5 a*iev$4 ,t is ! impression left ^u "o by 8 illum9at+ portrait ( ! pontifical-look+ ,r5an1 = example4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,madame ,,simon ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,erne/ ,,r5an ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #ac in*es ,"h is set d[n = all "t 9 a few un]r+ l9es ! s\l & body ( ! man--! casui/ & ! voluptu>y ( ?\ght1 ! ,balzacian bulk ( him physically & ! bigness ( him m5tally4 ,! massive & app>5tly grotesque ext]ior ( ?is speculative dream]1 imm]s$ 9 8 own m$itations1 conveys some?+ ( ! same s5se ( alo(ness ) :i* ,rod9 has inve/$ 8 /atue ( ,balzac4 ,!y bo? appe> to be dream+ ( life & its my/]ies until ! imm5se torso seems b an ,olympian p$e/al support+ ! domelike head4 ,x is m ?an a pocket-edition biography1 ?is portrait4 ,execut$ 9 "o sitt+ 9 ,r5an's /udy 9 ,april ( #ahib1 n9e ye>s aft] 8 initiation into ! my/]ies ( et*+1 ?is plate may be said to epitomize ! :ole art ( ,zorn1--8 vigor\s tru?fulness1 8 syn!tic treatm5t ( sali5t po9ts ( "*1 & 8 love ( dramatic contra/s ( %>ply juxtapos$ masses ( black & :ite4 ,moreov]1 x furni%es a /rik+ exposition ( ! purely te*nical side ( 8 art 9 :i* he has creat$ = himself a highly orig9al & p]sonal me?od4 ,no "o has es*ew$ m rigor\sly ?an he ! 8happy accid5ts0 employ$ z a conv5i5t cloak by masqu]ad+ incompet5ts1 foi/+ _! mean+less scrawls on a bewild]$ public1 to :om et*+ has become synonym\s ) a pretty dilettantism t is )9 ! easy rea* ( e aspir+ fl$gl+ ( art4 ,^! p>allel1 slant+ /rokes t seem to cut & divide ! =m into unrelat$ sections are really ! expression ( an accurate & well-def9$ int5tion t manife/s itself 9 ! extraord9>y v]isimilitude ( ! figure & its adroitly sugge/$ accessories4 ,x is l a fleet+ glimpse 9 a mirror 9 :i* ! impalpable _s ( reality is reflect$1 evok+ by "s my/]i\s incantation ! mo/ fugitive nuances ( expression & ge/ure ) ! slighte/ inflection ( 8 model+4 ,x is ! extreme ref9em5t & subtility 9 ?is seem+ brutality t give to ^! plates _! unique value & int]e/4 ,seldom has a man sugge/$ 8 pr$ecessors less ?an does ,zorn 9 ^! epigrammatic et*+s4 ,!y are accord+ to no e/abli%$ =mula4 ,if he has look$ ^u ,rembr&t1 z :at practition] ( aqua =tis has n1 !re is b slight evid5ce ( x 9 ^! /raight=w>d vibrant plates4 ,to be sure1 he has ! same love ( bold contra/s ( light & %ade z _h ! ma/] ( ,am/]dam1 )\t ! romantic glam\r ( ! dreamy ,dut*man4 ,?is mod]n ,sw$e is m direct1 m incisive1 8 l9e has some?+ ( ! p5etrat+ & bit+ analysis ( a page f ,/r9db]g1 & n infrequ5tly1 z 9 ! case ( 8 haunt+ portrait ( ! besott$ poet ,paul ,v]la9e1 !re is disc]nible a sort ( ironic humor t ?r[s a reveal+ light ^u 8 sitt]4 ,) :at disc]n+ & subtle insight he has portray$ t g5tle flavor ( intellectual skepticism :i* is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ,anatole ,france2 :ile ! head ( ,rod91 laugh+ 9 8 foam+ be>d1 is highly indicative ( ! imm5se creative en]gy ( ! au?or ( ,le ,p5seur4 ,9 e in/ance he has successfully summ>iz$ ! ess5tial & abid+ *>act]i/ics ( 8 sitt]1 no less effectually accompli%$ 9 ! tw5ty-m9ute impromptu ( ,m>cel9 ,b]!lot ?an 9 ! m delib]ately /udi$ portrait ( ,m>qu&1 or ! v succ9ctly realiz$ v]sion ( ,augu/ ,/r9db]g1 ! ,sw$i% au?or4 ,^! portraits ( contempor>y m5 & wom5 are fasc9at+ records ( repeat$ excursions into ! realm ( "*1 :i* holds = ,zorn ! /ronge/ appeal1 z x has ev] = all m5 ( ! ,nor?1 ^: supreme happ9ess is ! realization ( a cle>ly def9$ individualism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,augu/ ,,/r9db]g ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #g in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,sunday ,,morn+ ,,9 ,,dalec>lia ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #g in*es ,:ile ,zorn to-day occupies a position ( un*all5g$ supremacy 9 ! difficult & exact+ field ( portraiture--8 portrait et*+s w\ld alone make a notable ,pan!on ( contempor>y wor?ies--x is 9 8 frank1 unaba%$ nudes & 9 8 del9eations ( ,sw$i% peasant types t we f9d ! mo/ p]sonal expression ( 8 peculi> g5ius4 ,n[h]e has 8 faculty ( in/antane\s p]ception1 8 ability to grasp at a glance & 9 its entirety ei!r an isolat$ individual or a gr\p ( figures1 be5 employ$ to great] advantage ?an 9 ^! brilliant1 dazzl+ nudes & 9 ^! v]aci\s records ( 8 belov$ ,dalec>lian peasants4 ,) a few swift1 sure /rokes he gives u ! s(t cont\r1 ! undulat+ curves ( ! fre%1 firm fle%1 ( ^! /rong-limb$ ,junos1 z well z ! wr9kl$1 "t-worn visages ( ! ag$ till]s ( ! soil4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ?is type is n episodic1 x is p]si/5t4 ,!y 7 8 fir/ subjects z well z 8 fir/ patrons1 & ?r\gh\t 8 c>e] x is to !m t he has turn$ = re/ & refre%m5t f ! social banalities ( ! mundane life 9 ! great capitals ( ! _w :]e he is 9 con/ant dem& z a pa9t] ( exclusive society4 ,at he>t he rema9s a peasant1 reta9+ a /rong love = ! sc5es ( 8 boyhood ) all _! simple associations4 ,"h he is at home1 & "h he has giv5 untrammel$ expression to t paganism :i* is ! dom9ant trait ( 8 "*4 ,he delights 9 portray+ ^! /urdy1 flax5-hair$ peasants 9 all ! unconsci\s ab&on ( _! nave natures1 & ! s]ies ( plates celebrat+ ! intimate life ( ^! p are ! mo/ au!ntic expressions ( 8 art because ! mo/ closely relat$ to ! ma9spr+s ( 8 p]sonality4 ,8 love ( ! un/udi$1 unpos$ naturalness ( life has f\nd its culm9at+ expression 9 ^! nudes ( wom5 & *ildr5 z se5 9 ! op5 air 9 ! free solitude ( ! %ores ( ,dalec>lia4 ,zorn reg>ds nature ) ! eag]ness ( ! primitive1 & ^! ruddy wom5 are virile prote/s aga9/ ! anemic1 hyp]/hetic ref9em5ts ( ! s*ool-room conv5tions4 ,/ripp$ ( all reg>d = ! accept$ ideals ( fem99e beauty ^! wom5 ( ,zorn repel or appeal by ! unfeign$ c&or ( e look & ge/ure4 ,^! big1 blonde wom51 ^: nak$ bodies move ) unre/ra9$ fre$om ?r\gh ! tonic1 balsam air are imbu$ ) a sup]b1 heal?y animalism su* z has nev] be5 depict$ 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( art4 ,!y spr+ f a /rong arti/ic impulse t has its roots 9 ! subsoil ( nature4 ,to see ^! frankly reali/ic v]sions ( unsophi/icat$1 ?robb+ fem99ity is to feel t ! nude has nev] be=e be5 adequately portray$--all o!r nudes seem m]e means t[>d "s elaborately preconceiv$ end :ile ^? ( ,zorn are glori\sly self-suffic+1 an end 9 !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,! ,,ba!r1 ,,seat$ ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #d in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,zorn4 ,,edo 8,edo0 is ! "n ( ! ,sw$i% isl& :]e ,zorn et*$ ?is beautiful plate ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #d in*es ,an ard5t s5su\sness m>ks all ^! ?+s1 b x is sane & :olesome1 ) no trace ( d\btful submean+4 ,t is /rik+ly exemplifi$ 9 ,my ,model & my ,boat1 9 :i* ! exub]ant1 re-creat+ =ce ( life is pres5t$ 9 all its tantaliz+ s$uctiv5ess ( ample1 quiv]+ curves4 ,! beauty ( vigor\s symmetry1 ( inh]5t /r5g?1 ov]come ! some:at obvi\s co>s5ess ( ! type ( woman depict$ "h1 & "o c h no?+ b admiration = ! und]ly+ s9c]ity z well z ! consummate ma/]y reveal$ 9 e /roke ( ^! plates4 ,b ! purely physical allure ( 8 nudes is by no means always z insi/5t z 9 ! =ego+4 ,! elusive & half-retic5t fem99e *>m has n escap$ him1 & !re are "s nudes out ( doors1 9 ! lamb5t light ( dawn & twilight1 m delicate1 m subtly sugge/ive1 ?an any?+ hi!rto accompli%$ 9 et*+4 ,! nudes ( ,rembr&t w\ld look s+ul>ly co>se & heavy by comp>ison ) ^! silv]y1 exquisitely model$ ,brunhildas ( ,zorn1 :o disport !mselves on ! sunlit bea* or em]ge f ! envelop+ %ad[ ( "s protrud+ cliff ) a *ildlike unconsci\sness & a pagan navet t dis>ms prudi% prejudices4 ,9 its supple grace & vibrant vitality ! delicately modulat$ back ( ! b5d+ figure ( ,! ,ba!r--,ev5+ is a pan!i/ic hymn to ! et]nal effloresc5ce ( life4 ,%e pauses 9 ! silv]y twilight1 be=e break+ ! surface ( ! mirror-l lake into a ?\s& jewels ( refract$ light1 & %e is z mu* a "p ( ! en%r\d+ /illness z ! ag$ rocks on :i* %e /&s4 ,:i/l] nev] did any?+ m evanesc5t ?an ! l&scape ( ?is plate1 :i* is pr9t$ 9 a key z light & airy z ! magically execut$ l9es1 t give ! s(tness ( ! figure's cont\rs z well z ! h>dness ( ! rocks & ! veil$ s]5ity ( di/ant lake & woodl&4 ,x is a spl5did affirmation ( ! extremely delicate s5sibilities possess$ by ?is mo/ vigor\s & brilliant ( contempor>y et*]s1 ^: art is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful & significant manife/ations ( ! re-awak5$ /hetic impulse ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,small capitals h be5 capitalis$4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation are reta9$4 ,p]ceiv$ typographical errors h be5 *ang$4